What	O
kind	O
of	O
memory	O
?	O


We	O
respectfully	O
invite	O
you	O
to	O
watch	O
a	O
special	O
edition	O
of	O
Across	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
.	O


WW	B-WORK_OF_ART
II	I-WORK_OF_ART
Landmarks	I-WORK_OF_ART
on	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Great	I-WORK_OF_ART
Earth	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
China	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
Eternal	I-WORK_OF_ART
Memories	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Taihang	I-WORK_OF_ART
Mountain	I-WORK_OF_ART


Standing	O
tall	O
on	O
Taihang	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
is	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Monument	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hundred	I-WORK_OF_ART
Regiments	I-WORK_OF_ART
Offensive	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


It	O
is	O
composed	O
of	O
a	O
primary	O
stele	O
,	O
secondary	O
steles	O
,	O
a	O
huge	O
round	O
sculpture	O
and	O
beacon	O
tower	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Great	I-WORK_OF_ART
Wall	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
.	O


A	O
primary	O
stele	O
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
secondary	O
steles	O
,	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
inscribed	O
steles	O
.	O


The	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
was	O
the	O
campaign	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
scale	O
launched	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
during	O
the	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
against	I-EVENT
Japan	I-EVENT
.	O


This	O
campaign	O
broke	O
through	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
's	O
blockade	O
to	O
reach	O
base	O
areas	O
behind	O
enemy	O
lines	O
,	O
stirring	O
up	O
anti-Japanese	B-NORP
spirit	O
throughout	O
the	O
nation	O
and	O
influencing	O
the	O
situation	O
of	O
the	O
anti-fascist	O
war	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
worldwide	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
Zhuanbi	B-GPE
Village	I-GPE
,	I-GPE
Wuxiang	I-GPE
County	I-GPE
of	O
Shanxi	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
where	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
was	O
headquartered	O
back	O
then	O
.	O


On	O
a	O
wall	O
outside	O
the	O
headquarters	O
we	O
found	O
a	O
map	O
.	O


This	O
map	O
was	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
depiction	O
of	O
the	O
Mediterranean	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
situation	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


This	O
map	O
reflected	O
the	O
European	B-NORP
battlefield	O
situation	O
.	O


In	O
1940	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
German	B-NORP
army	O
invaded	O
and	O
occupied	O
Czechoslovakia	B-GPE
,	O
Poland	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
,	O
Belgium	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
France	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
was	O
during	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
that	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
developed	O
a	O
strategy	O
to	O
rapidly	O
force	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
into	O
submission	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1940	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
May	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
launched	O
--	O


From	O
one	B-CARDINAL
side	O
,	O
it	O
seized	O
an	O
important	O
city	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
called	O
Yichang	B-GPE
.	O


Um	O
,	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O
through	O
Yichang	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
could	O
directly	O
reach	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
.	O


Ah	O
,	O
that	O
threatened	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
.	O


Then	O
they	O
would	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
bomb	O
these	O
large	O
rear	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
.	O


So	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
coordinated	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
economic	O
blockade	O
,	O
military	O
offensives	O
,	O
and	O
strategic	O
bombings	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
a	O
simultaneous	O
attack	O
was	O
launched	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
to	O
lure	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
government	O
into	O
surrender	O
.	O


The	O
progress	O
of	O
this	O
coordinated	O
offensive	O
was	O
already	O
very	O
entrenched	O
by	O
then	O
.	O


By	O
1940	B-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
War	B-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
against	I-EVENT
Japan	I-EVENT
had	O
entered	O
a	O
stalemate	O
.	O


The	O
situation	O
on	O
our	O
side	O
and	O
the	O
enemy	O
's	O
side	O
was	O
intertwined	O
.	O


The	O
Eighth	B-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
guerrillas	O
were	O
extraordinarily	O
active	O
,	O
creating	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
trouble	O
for	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
in	O
North	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
.	O


Hayao	B-PERSON
Tada	I-PERSON
,	O
commander	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
North	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Area	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
,	O
adopted	O
a	O
strategy	O
of	O
siege	O
warfare	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
specific	O
method	O
was	O
building	O
a	O
closely	O
connected	O
transport	O
network	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
road	O
for	O
every	O
village	O
and	O
defensive	O
towers	O
on	O
every	O
road	O
.	O


Roads	O
and	O
railways	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
links	O
to	O
connect	O
all	O
of	O
North	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
into	O
a	O
solid	O
,	O
widespread	O
siege	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
strangle	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
and	O
its	O
base	O
areas	O
in	O
this	O
net	O
.	O


As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
's	O
strategy	O
of	O
siege	O
warfare	O
,	O
railways	O
and	O
roads	O
had	O
actually	O
become	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
's	O
weapons	O
of	O
war	O
,	O
becoming	O
a	O
great	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
base	O
areas	O
.	O


In	O
December	B-DATE
1939	I-DATE
,	O
Commander	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
chief	O
Zhu	B-PERSON
De	I-PERSON
and	O
Vice	O
Commander	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Dehuai	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
received	O
a	O
top	O
-	O
secret	O
telegram	O
from	O
Commander	O
Lu	B-PERSON
Zhengcao	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-GPE
Jizhong	I-GPE
Military	I-GPE
District	I-GPE
,	O
among	O
other	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
telegram	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
troops	O
were	O
building	O
blockade	O
trenches	O
and	O
chessboard	O
-	O
like	O
roads	O
to	O
divide	O
the	O
Jizhong	B-GPE
base	O
area	O
into	O
small	O
isolated	O
blocks	O
without	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
mutually	O
communicate	O
and	O
support	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
causing	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
guerrillas	O
to	O
lose	O
maneuverability	O
.	O


Before	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
in	O
1940	B-DATE
,	O
an	O
inclination	O
to	O
compromise	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
surrender	O
,	O
was	O
an	O
extremely	O
serious	O
crisis	O
in	O
the	O
frontline	O
situation	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Well	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
battlefield	O
behind	O
enemy	O
lines	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
take	O
over	O
,	O
consolidate	O
the	O
area	O
under	O
its	O
occupation	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
began	O
a	O
new	O
strategy	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
to	O
use	O
railways	O
as	O
a	O
pillar	O
,	O
roads	O
as	O
a	O
chain	O
,	O
and	O
strongholds	O
as	O
a	O
lock	O
,	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
siege	O
warfare	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
divide	O
the	O
base	O
areas	O
behind	O
enemy	O
lines	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
to	O
cut	O
off	O
their	O
communication	O
with	O
one	O
another	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
relied	O
on	O
this	O
cage	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
to	O
further	O
strengthen	O
its	O
assaults	O
against	O
the	O
base	O
areas	O
.	O


Er	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
amidst	O
such	O
a	O
grave	O
international	O
and	O
domestic	O
situation	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
led	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
ah	O
,	O
launched	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
a	O
strategic	O
offensive	O
called	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
.	O


This	O
plot	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
drew	O
great	O
attention	O
from	O
Zhu	B-PERSON
De	I-PERSON
and	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Dehuai	I-PERSON
of	O
Eighth	B-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
headquarters	O
.	O


After	O
meticulous	O
studies	O
and	O
painstaking	O
preparations	O
by	O
many	O
parties	O
,	O
a	O
battle	O
plan	O
based	O
on	O
surprise	O
was	O
formulated	O
.	O


On	O
July	B-DATE
22	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1940	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
campaign	O
preparation	O
order	O
to	O
attack	O
the	B-FAC
Zhengtai	I-FAC
Railway	I-FAC
,	O
jointly	O
signed	O
by	O
Zhu	B-PERSON
De	I-PERSON
,	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Dehuai	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Zuo	B-PERSON
Quan	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
sent	O
to	O
Yan'an	B-GPE
and	O
all	O
units	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
.	O


What	O
was	O
the	O
,	O
purpose	O
and	O
goal	O
of	O
this	O
campaign	O
?	O


It	O
was	O
to	O
break	O
through	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
's	O
siege	O
policy	O
against	O
base	O
areas	O
behind	O
enemy	O
lines	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
avert	O
the	O
crisis	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
compromise	O
and	O
surrender	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
to	O
overcome	O
this	O
crisis	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
was	O
divided	O
into	O
three	B-CARDINAL
phases	O
.	O


Beginning	O
from	O
August	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
,	O
from	O
August	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
September	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
main	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
campaign	O
was	O
to	O
sabotage	O
the	B-FAC
Zhengtai	I-FAC
Railway	I-FAC
.	O


The	B-FAC
Zhengtai	I-FAC
Railway	I-FAC
started	O
from	O
Zhengding	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Hebei	I-GPE
in	O
the	O
east	O
and	O
ended	O
in	O
Taiyuan	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
west	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
length	O
of	O
243	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
traversing	O
the	O
Taihang	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
range	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
against	I-EVENT
Japan	I-EVENT
,	O
the	B-FAC
Zhengtai	I-FAC
Railway	I-FAC
was	O
a	O
key	O
strategic	O
transportation	O
line	O
for	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
in	O
North	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
.	O


It	O
was	O
also	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
major	O
blockade	O
lines	O
for	O
causing	O
destruction	O
to	O
anti-Japanese	B-NORP
base	O
areas	O
.	O


Along	O
this	O
railway	O
line	O
was	O
the	B-LOC
Niangziguan	I-LOC
Pass	I-LOC
,	O
a	O
natural	O
barrier	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Jingjing	B-GPE
coalmine	O
,	O
a	O
key	O
fuel	O
base	O
in	O
Yangquan	B-GPE
for	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
military	O
in	O
North	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
.	O


Outside	O
of	O
Taiyuan	B-GPE
and	O
Shijiazhuang	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
military	O
deployed	O
the	O
4th	B-ORDINAL
,	O
8th	B-ORDINAL
,	O
and	O
93rd	B-ORDINAL
mixed	O
brigades	O
and	O
regiments	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
scattered	O
among	O
50	B-CARDINAL
strongholds	O
along	O
the	O
railway	O
line	O
.	O


The	O
situation	O
was	O
getting	O
worse	O
and	O
worse	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
anti-Japanese	B-NORP
areas	O
behind	O
enemy	O
lines	O
.	O


Actions	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
taken	O
to	O
break	O
through	O
the	O
blockade	O
.	O


On	O
a	B-DATE
night	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
late	I-DATE
July	I-DATE
1940	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
atmosphere	O
in	O
Zhuanbi	B-GPE
Village	I-GPE
in	O
Shaanxi	B-GPE
was	O
unusual	O
.	O


Villager	O
Xiao	B-PERSON
Jianghe	I-PERSON
has	O
a	O
vivid	O
memory	O
of	O
this	O
piece	O
of	O
history	O
.	O


On	O
that	B-TIME
dark	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
everyone	O
was	O
sleeping	O
when	O
human	O
voices	O
and	O
neighing	O
horses	O
were	O
heard	O
within	O
the	O
village	O
.	O


People	O
all	O
got	O
up	O
.	O


Did	O
something	O
happen	O
?	O


Some	O
folks	O
got	O
up	O
.	O


Opening	O
the	O
street	O
gate	O
,	O
they	O
saw	O
a	O
soldier	O
standing	O
by	O
the	O
gate	O
.	O


Folks	O
,	O
go	O
back	O
,	O
go	O
back	O
,	O
nothing	O
is	O
wrong	O
.	O


Our	O
troops	O
are	O
just	O
going	O
to	O
stay	O
here	O
for	O
the	O
night	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
scared	O
.	O


Our	O
commander	O
is	O
coming	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
telling	O
you	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
sleep	O
peacefully	O
.	O


Ah	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
sleep	O
.	O


Ah	O
,	O
why	O
should	O
you	O
come	O
out	O
if	O
you	O
were	O
told	O
not	O
to	O
?	O


By	O
the	O
time	O
we	O
got	O
up	O
early	O
the	B-TIME
following	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
the	O
sports	O
ground	O
in	O
Zhuanbi	B-GPE
Village	I-GPE
was	O
packed	O
with	O
soldiers	O
who	O
had	O
stationed	O
there	O
.	O


Essentially	O
the	O
entire	O
enemy	O
had	O
been	O
destroyed	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
an	O
arduous	O
battle	O
.	O


At	O
10:00	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
on	I-TIME
August	I-TIME
20	I-TIME
,	I-TIME
1940	I-TIME
,	O
various	O
units	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
launched	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
scale	O
offensive	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
plan	O
.	O


The	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
County	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Armed	I-ORG
Forces	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
was	O
named	O
Zhao	B-PERSON
Yemin	I-PERSON
.	O


Zhao	B-PERSON
Yemin	I-PERSON
came	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
bringing	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
armed	O
personnel	O
and	O
some	O
things	O
.	O


Upon	O
arriving	O
,	O
he	O
relayed	O
an	O
order	O
,	O
saying	O
the	O
road	O
from	O
Yangquan	B-GPE
to	O
Hedi	B-GPE
must	O
be	O
cut	O
off	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
with	O
the	O
electrical	O
wires	O
slashed	O
.	O


He	O
himself	O
would	O
bring	O
,	O
this	O
group	O
of	O
people	O
to	O
blow	O
up	O
that	O
Wudu	B-GPE
bridge	O
.	O


Led	O
by	O
Nie	B-PERSON
Rongzhen	I-PERSON
,	O
the	B-GPE
Shanxi	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Chahar	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Hebei	I-GPE
Military	I-GPE
District	I-GPE
was	O
ready	O
for	O
an	O
offensive	O
,	O
while	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
fifteen	B-CARDINAL
regiments	O
laid	O
an	O
ambush	O
in	O
advance	O
along	O
the	B-FAC
Zhengtai	I-FAC
Railway	I-FAC
,	O
launching	O
fierce	O
attacks	O
on	O
Japanese	B-NORP
military	O
strongholds	O
along	O
the	O
railway	O
line	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
also	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
night	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
August	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
that	O
the	B-ORG
129th	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
directed	O
by	O
Division	B-ORG
Commander	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Bocheng	I-PERSON
and	O
Political	O
Commissar	O
Deng	B-PERSON
Xiaoping	I-PERSON
,	O
with	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
regiments	O
,	O
including	O
two	B-CARDINAL
regiments	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
1st	I-ORG
Dare	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
to	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Die	I-ORG
Corps	I-ORG
and	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
independent	O
battalions	O
,	O
formed	O
left	O
-	O
flank	O
and	O
right	O
-	O
flank	O
commandos	O
and	O
a	O
central	O
contingent	O
.	O


On	O
the	B-DATE
night	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
August	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
,	O
offensives	O
were	O
launched	O
against	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
independent	O
4th	B-ORDINAL
mixed	O
brigade	O
and	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
independent	O
9th	B-ORDINAL
mixed	O
brigade	O
along	O
the	O
western	O
section	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Zhengtai	I-FAC
Railway	I-FAC
.	O


Additionally	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
regiments	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
local	O
armed	O
forces	O
in	O
places	O
such	O
as	O
Pingding	B-GPE
,	O
Liaoxian	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Yushe	B-GPE
,	O
carried	O
out	O
sabotage	O
on	O
the	O
Pingliao	B-GPE
and	O
Yuliao	B-GPE
roads	O
and	O
pinned	O
down	O
the	O
enemy	O
at	O
various	O
points	O
,	O
ensuring	O
safety	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
forces	O
on	O
the	O
sides	O
and	O
rear	O
.	O


Current	O
estimates	O
are	O
that	O
this	O
section	O
was	O
taken	O
care	O
of	O
in	O
less	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
four	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
three	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


After	O
this	O
was	O
taken	O
care	O
of	O
,	O
four	B-CARDINAL
blockhouses	O
were	O
blown	O
up	O
.	O


By	O
digging	O
tunnels	O
,	O
they	O
charged	O
out	O
the	O
center	O
.	O


Only	O
then	O
did	O
they	O
,	O
wipe	O
out	O
the	O
enemy	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
enemy	O
soldiers	O
were	O
eliminated	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
blow	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
still	O
during	O
this	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
that	O
the	B-ORG
120th	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
,	O
directed	O
by	O
Division	O
Commander	O
He	B-PERSON
Long	I-PERSON
and	O
Political	O
Commissar	O
Guan	B-PERSON
Xiangying	I-PERSON
,	O
with	O
20	B-CARDINAL
regiments	O
,	O
sabotaged	O
the	O
northern	O
section	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Tongpu	I-FAC
Railway	I-FAC
and	O
some	O
main	O
roads	O
west	O
of	O
the	O
railway	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
took	O
over	O
strongholds	O
at	O
Yangfangkou	B-GPE
,	O
Kangjiahui	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Fengrui	B-GPE
Village	I-GPE
,	O
cutting	O
off	O
the	O
northern	O
section	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Tongpu	I-FAC
railway	I-FAC
and	O
the	O
roads	O
from	O
Xinxian	B-GPE
to	O
Jingle	B-GPE
and	O
Fenyang	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
coordinate	O
with	O
breakthrough	O
battles	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Zhengtai	I-FAC
Railway	I-FAC
and	O
the	O
northern	O
section	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Tongpu	I-FAC
Railway	I-FAC
,	O
the	B-ORG
129th	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-GPE
Shanxi	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Chahar	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Hebei	I-GPE
Military	I-GPE
District	I-GPE
also	O
ordered	O
their	O
units	O
to	O
deploy	O
more	O
than	O
50	B-CARDINAL
regiments	O
Yang	B-GPE
to	O
Lishi	B-GPE
in	O
cooperation	O
with	O
militias	O
,	O
to	O
launch	O
widespread	O
sabotage	O
and	O
raids	O
on	O
the	O
Pinghan	B-GPE
,	O
Pingsui	B-GPE
,	O
Beining	B-GPE
,	O
Baijin	B-GPE
,	O
Jinpu	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Deshi	B-GPE
railway	O
lines	O
,	O
among	O
others	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
some	O
main	O
roads	O
and	O
many	O
strongholds	O
occupied	O
by	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
.	O


On	O
the	B-DATE
afternoon	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
August	I-DATE
22	I-DATE
,	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Dehuai	I-PERSON
was	O
listening	O
to	O
the	O
combat	O
operation	O
director	O
report	O
on	O
battle	O
developments	O
at	O
Eighth	B-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
operational	O
headquarters	O
.	O


When	O
asked	O
about	O
the	O
actual	O
combat	O
strength	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
combat	O
operation	O
director	O
reported	O
:	O
There	O
are	O
30	B-CARDINAL
regiments	O
along	O
the	B-FAC
Zhengtai	I-FAC
Line	I-FAC
,	O
15	B-CARDINAL
regiments	O
along	O
the	O
Lugou	B-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Handan	I-FAC
section	O
of	O
the	O
Pinghan	B-GPE
line	O
,	O
12	B-CARDINAL
regiments	O
along	O
the	O
Datong	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
Hongdong	I-FAC
section	O
in	O
Tonghu	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
four	B-CARDINAL
regiments	O
along	O
the	O
Tianjin	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
Dezhou	I-FAC
section	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Jinpu	I-FAC
Line	I-FAC
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
105	B-CARDINAL
regiments	O
entering	O
the	O
campaign	O
.	O


With	O
a	O
wave	O
of	O
his	O
hand	O
,	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Dehuai	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
despite	O
being	O
over	O
100	B-CARDINAL
regiments	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
call	O
this	O
campaign	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
.	O


That	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
,	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Dehuai	I-PERSON
first	B-ORDINAL
used	O
the	O
name	O
Hundred	B-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
in	O
telegrams	O
sent	O
to	O
various	O
military	O
corps	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Military	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
.	O


A	O
total	O
of	O
105	B-CARDINAL
regiments	O
participated	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
.	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
force	O
of	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
200,000	I-CARDINAL
soldiers	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
that	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
no	B-CARDINAL
less	I-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
400,000	I-CARDINAL
militiamen	O
,	O
guerrillas	O
,	O
and	O
civilians	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
voluntarily	O
participated	O
in	O
the	O
offensive	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
probably	O
600,000	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
plus	I-CARDINAL
soldiers	O
and	O
civilians	O
.	O


The	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
dealt	O
a	O
devastating	O
blow	O
to	O
the	O
enemy	O
at	O
Shi'nao	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
.	O


Our	O
troops	O
were	O
strong	O
,	O
troops	O
were	O
strong	O
.	O


Er	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
logistics	O
and	O
support	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
follow	O
in	O
time	O
.	O


Er	O
,	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
the	O
anti-Japanese	B-NORP
vanguard	O
team	O
was	O
composed	O
of	O
all	O
young	O
people	O
in	O
their	O
20s	B-DATE
;	O
all	O
young	O
people	O
,	O
all	O
in	O
their	O
,	O
20s	B-DATE
.	O


This	O
is	O
Shi'nao	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
,	O
situated	O
in	O
Yangquan	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Shanxi	I-GPE
,	O
a	O
strategic	O
passage	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Zhengtai	I-FAC
Railway	I-FAC
back	O
then	O
.	O


On	O
August	B-DATE
21	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1940	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
pin	O
down	O
Japanese	B-NORP
troops	O
stationed	O
in	O
Yangquan	B-GPE
and	O
to	O
cover	O
for	O
militiamen	O
sabotaging	O
the	O
western	O
section	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Zhengtai	I-FAC
Railway	I-FAC
,	O
the	B-ORG
129th	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
ordered	O
the	O
main	O
regiment	O
of	O
its	O
385th	B-ORG
Brigade	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
14th	I-ORG
Regiment	I-ORG
led	O
by	O
Brigade	O
Commander	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Xilian	I-PERSON
,	O
to	O
head	O
directly	O
for	O
Shi'nao	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
to	O
seize	O
the	O
high	O
ground	O
.	O


Like	O
a	O
sharp	O
sword	O
,	O
civilians	O
in	O
the	O
western	O
section	O
broke	O
through	O
the	O
strategic	O
passage	O
.	O


Frustrated	O
and	O
angry	O
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
immediately	O
deployed	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
troops	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
retake	O
Shi'nao	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
.	O


To	O
the	O
enemy	O
's	O
complete	O
surprise	O
,	O
desolate	O
Shi'nao	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
had	O
been	O
turned	O
into	O
a	O
strong	O
combat	O
fortress	O
by	O
our	O
troops	O
in	O
less	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
a	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
.	O


Like	O
a	O
lion	O
with	O
its	O
mouth	O
wide	O
open	O
,	O
towering	O
and	O
rugged	O
Shi'nao	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
was	O
constantly	O
waiting	O
for	O
any	O
invaders	O
who	O
dared	O
come	O
close	O
.	O


The	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
before	I-TIME
,	O
we	O
destroyed	O
the	O
roads	O
and	O
cut	O
off	O
all	O
electrical	O
and	O
railway	O
lines	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
impossible	O
for	O
it	O
to	O
communicate	O
.	O


It	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
how	O
many	O
of	O
us	O
went	O
to	O
destroy	O
the	O
roads	O
,	O
whether	O
it	O
was	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
or	O
not	O
,	O
the	O
regulars	O
,	O
or	O
others	O
.	O


It	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


After	O
all	O
,	O
its	O
telephones	O
had	O
stopped	O
working	O
.	O


Yeah	O
,	O
the	O
roads	O
had	O
been	O
cut	O
off	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
vehicles	O
unable	O
to	O
drive	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
.	O


The	O
following	O
seven	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
nights	I-DATE
were	O
extremely	O
tough	O
.	O


Starting	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
in	O
Yangquan	B-GPE
,	O
backed	O
by	O
helicopters	O
,	O
launched	O
nonstop	O
fierce	O
attacks	O
on	O
Shi'nao	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
using	O
chemical	O
weapons	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
Shi'nao	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
battle	O
,	O
our	O
soldiers	O
died	O
in	O
large	O
numbers	O
.	O


So	O
many	O
died	O
that	O
the	O
clean	O
-	O
up	O
was	O
done	O
in	O
batches	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
many	O
people	O
were	O
poisoned	O
when	O
toxic	O
gas	O
was	O
released	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
poisoned	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
protect	O
themselves	O
against	O
the	O
poison	O
.	O


They	O
simply	O
crawled	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
and	O
wetted	O
handkerchiefs	O
in	O
the	O
rain	O
to	O
cover	O
their	O
noses	O
against	O
the	O
poison	O
.	O


Eh	O
,	O
medics	O
were	O
quite	O
busy	O
.	O


Several	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
autumn	O
rain	O
turned	O
the	O
combat	O
trenches	O
extremely	O
muddy	O
.	O


The	O
Eighth	B-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
officers	O
and	O
soldiers	O
soaking	O
in	O
the	O
muddy	O
water	O
fought	O
their	O
powerful	O
enemy	O
with	O
utmost	O
effort	O
.	O


With	O
bombs	O
exploding	O
next	O
to	O
the	O
trenches	O
,	O
they	O
showed	O
no	O
fear	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


When	O
their	O
blood	O
turned	O
the	O
yellow	O
soil	O
red	O
,	O
they	O
applied	O
iodine	O
solution	O
to	O
their	O
wounds	O
and	O
closed	O
them	O
with	O
bandages	O
.	O


They	O
wrapped	O
them	O
with	O
bandages	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
was	O
it	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
powerful	O
offensive	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
enemy	O
was	O
only	O
able	O
to	O
defend	O
itself	O
,	O
without	O
any	O
strength	O
to	O
fight	O
back	O
.	O


The	O
battle	O
proceeded	O
very	O
smoothly	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
initiative	O
steadily	O
in	O
the	O
grasp	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
.	O


Since	O
the	O
strategic	O
objective	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
was	O
to	O
smash	O
the	O
enemy	O
's	O
blockade	O
of	O
bases	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
of	O
critical	O
importance	O
to	O
destroy	O
the	O
roads	O
and	O
remove	O
strongholds	O
.	O


The	O
various	O
units	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
taking	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
battle	O
wasted	O
no	O
time	O
destroying	O
the	O
roads	O
.	O


They	O
proposed	O
not	O
to	O
leave	O
behind	O
a	O
single	O
rail	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
cross	O
tie	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
railway	O
station	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
blockhouse	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
bridge	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
single	O
electricity	O
pole	O
.	O


They	O
mobilized	O
and	O
organized	O
the	O
masses	O
and	O
won	O
over	O
the	O
railway	O
staff	O
,	O
making	O
great	O
effort	O
to	O
destroy	O
the	O
railroad	O
,	O
the	O
stations	O
,	O
and	O
related	O
facilities	O
by	O
means	O
including	O
dismantlement	O
,	O
explosion	O
,	O
fire	O
,	O
and	O
water	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
and	O
--	O


Er	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
this	O
--	O


To	O
cut	O
off	O
the	O
electricity	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
considered	O
a	O
deputy	O
commander	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
chief	O
responsible	O
for	O
these	O
electricity	O
lines	O
.	O


,	O
I	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
this	O
project	O
,	O
ah	O
.	O


The	O
militiamen	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O


One	O
was	O
responsible	O
only	O
for	O
cutting	O
electrical	O
wires	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
for	O
destroying	O
roads	O
.	O


We	O
people	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
were	O
under	O
his	O
command	O
for	O
the	O
time	O
being	O
.	O


We	O
all	O
took	O
part	O
in	O
destroying	O
roads	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
Zhengtai	B-GPE
road	O
,	O
from	O
,	O
um	O
,	O
Zhengding	B-GPE
to	O
,	O
um	O
,	O
Shijiazhuang	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
Taiyuan	B-GPE
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
400,000	I-CARDINAL
civilians	O
participated	O
in	O
destroying	O
roads	O
.	O


Most	O
important	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
along	O
the	O
Zhengtai	B-GPE
road	O
was	O
mainly	O
to	O
destroy	O
the	O
Jinxi	B-GPE
coal	O
mine	O
.	O


Soldiers	O
used	O
hay	O
cutters	O
to	O
sever	O
the	O
wire	O
net	O
,	O
charging	O
into	O
the	O
station	O
and	O
destroying	O
the	O
machine	O
room	O
and	O
water	O
tower	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
started	O
to	O
destroy	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


Of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
civilians	O
participating	O
in	O
the	O
battle	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
soldier	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
every	O
squad	O
of	O
16	B-CARDINAL
people	O
formed	O
.	O


While	O
destroying	O
roads	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
clear	O
-	O
cut	O
division	O
of	O
labor	O
.	O


Some	O
took	O
off	O
screws	O
;	O
some	O
uprooted	O
rail	O
spikes	O
;	O
some	O
knocked	O
off	O
joint	O
bars	O
;	O
some	O
removed	O
cross	O
ties	O
;	O
some	O
carried	O
away	O
rails	O
.	O


For	O
cutting	O
electrical	O
wires	O
,	O
the	O
militiamen	O
in	O
the	O
village	O
were	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
troops	O
to	O
come	O
,	O


Ah	O
,	O


Over	O
there	O
,	O
a	O
builder	O
of	O
the	O
surrounding	O
walls	O
sabotaged	O
transportation	O
by	O
pushing	O
over	O
his	O
surrounding	O
walls	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
built	O
during	O
the	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
night	O
,	O
overnight	O
militiamen	O
shoveled	O
it	O
over	O
.	O


The	O
task	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
72nd	I-ORG
Regiment	I-ORG
was	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
this	O
destruction	O
battle	O
.	O


This	O
destruction	O
battle	O
went	O
on	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
night	I-DATE
.	O


Each	O
day	O
the	O
general	O
situation	O
was	O
different	O
.	O


-LSB-	O
-LSB-	O
They	O
attacked	O
small	O
bridges	O
and	O
small	O
districts	O
,	O
and	O
generally	O
looted	O
these	O
stations	O
.	O
-RSB-	O
-RSB-	O


They	O
carried	O
away	O
the	O
iron	O
,	O
the	O
iron	O
rails	O
of	O
the	O
railway	O
,	O
er	O
to	O
make	O
steel	O
.	O


Er	O
,	O
for	O
wood	O
materials	O
,	O
local	O
folks	O
simply	O
destroyed	O
them	O
by	O
fire	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
they	O
fought	O
the	O
battle	O
while	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
destroying	O
roads	O
,	O
stripping	O
the	O
entire	O
60	B-CARDINAL
-	O
li	O
-	O
long	O
railway	O
from	O
Xingtai	B-GPE
to	O
Neiqiu	B-GPE
within	O
just	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
a	O
blockade	O
line	O
of	O
steel	O
regarded	O
as	O
a	O
lifeline	O
by	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
was	O
paralyzed	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
very	O
tough	O
battle	O
.	O


The	O
enemy	O
attacked	O
several	O
times	O
,	O
and	O
each	O
time	O
they	O
were	O
repelled	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
extremely	O
heavy	O
casualties	O
.	O


Overseas	O
Japanese	B-NORP
in	O
Yangquan	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
were	O
all	O
mobilized	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
battle	O
,	O
including	O
children	O
of	O
15	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
16	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
age	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
have	O
,	O
overseas	O
compatriots	O
get	O
together	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
support	O
one	O
another	O
in	O
wiping	O
out	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
and	O
foiling	O
our	O
movement	O
to	O
destroy	O
roads	O
.	O


The	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
lasted	O
three	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
and	O
involved	O
two	B-CARDINAL
major	O
offensive	O
phrases	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
anti-sweep	O
phase	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
from	O
August	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
September	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1940	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
general	O
offensive	O
was	O
launched	O
on	O
major	O
transportation	O
lines	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Zhengtai	B-GPE
,	O
Tongpu	B-GPE
,	O
Pinghai	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Jinfu	B-GPE
lines	O
with	O
an	O
emphasis	O
on	O
destroying	O
the	B-FAC
Zhengtai	I-FAC
Railway	I-FAC
.	O


During	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
from	O
September	B-DATE
22	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
early	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
mission	O
was	O
to	O
continue	O
expanding	O
battle	O
achievements	O
,	O
to	O
destroy	O
the	O
flanks	O
of	O
transportation	O
lines	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
penetrate	O
puppet	O
strongholds	O
in	O
anti-Japanese	B-NORP
bases	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
phrase	O
from	O
October	B-DATE
6	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
December	I-DATE
4	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
main	O
task	O
was	O
to	O
counterattack	O
a	O
retaliatory	O
sweep	O
by	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
and	O
puppet	O
army	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
smashed	O
successive	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
sweep	O
operations	O
launched	O
by	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
and	O
puppet	O
army	O
against	O
anti-Japanese	B-NORP
bases	O
in	O
Taihang	B-GPE
,	O
Taiyue	B-GPE
,	O
Pingxi	B-GPE
,	O
Beiyue	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
northwest	O
areas	O
of	O
Shanxi	B-GPE
,	O
among	O
others	O
.	O


To	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
never	O
experienced	O
wars	O
,	O
wars	O
are	O
vivid	O
stories	O
.	O


To	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
experienced	O
wars	O
,	O
war	O
is	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
part	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
,	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
greatly	O
encouraged	O
the	O
vast	O
numbers	O
of	O
soldiers	O
and	O
civilians	O
,	O
with	O
news	O
of	O
fighting	O
spreading	O
rapidly	O
throughout	O
the	O
Taihang	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
area	O
.	O


Few	O
of	O
the	O
veterans	O
who	O
participated	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
are	O
still	O
alive	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
speak	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
,	O
they	O
are	O
always	O
so	O
excited	O
.	O


Everyone	O
has	O
their	O
own	O
memory	O
,	O
has	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
as	O
their	O
own	O
memory	O
.	O


;	O
er	O
,	O
I	O
got	O
five	B-CARDINAL
bullets	O
.	O


I	O
carried	O
these	O
five	B-CARDINAL
bullets	O
with	O
me	O
in	O
my	O
pocket	O
.	O


I	O
took	O
them	O
out	O
for	O
a	O
look	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


Hey	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
my	O
life	O
.	O


Hey	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
my	O
life	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
not	O
lose	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
squad	O
leader	O
said	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
you	O
are	O
given	O
a	O
rifle	O
,	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
shoot	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
watch	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
fail	O
to	O
shoot	O
the	O
enemy	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
punish	O
you	O
when	O
you	O
come	O
back	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
know	O
lice	O
?	O


They	O
bite	O
.	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
scald	O
them	O
?	O


Hey	O
,	O


Well	O
,	O
you	O
boil	O
some	O
water	O
and	O
get	O
something	O
like	O
gunpowder	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
loosen	O
your	O
pants	O
and	O
sprinkle	O
it	O
.	O


Clench	O
it	O
like	O
this	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
you	O
shake	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
hear	O
a	O
cracking	O
sound	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
;	O
hey	O
,	O
scalded	O
lice	O
.	O


A	O
washbasin	O
was	O
also	O
very	O
precious	O
.	O


How	O
was	O
the	O
washbasin	O
used	O
?	O


You	O
used	O
the	O
washbasin	O
to	O
wash	O
your	O
feet	O
,	O
used	O
the	O
washbasin	O
to	O
hold	O
your	O
meal	O
,	O
used	O
the	O
washbasin	O
to	O
wash	O
your	O
face	O
,	O
and	O
sometimes	O
used	O
the	O
same	O
washbasin	O
to	O
boil	O
water	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
this	O
washbasin	O
was	O
a	O
precious	O
washbasin	O
.	O


This	O
photo	O
taken	O
back	O
then	O
by	O
Eighth	B-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
field	O
correspondent	O
Xu	B-PERSON
Xiaobing	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
snapshot	O
of	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Dehuai	I-PERSON
directing	O
the	O
campaign	O
at	O
the	O
frontline	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
.	O


Just	O
as	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
once	O
praised	O
:	O
Who	O
dares	O
wield	O
his	O
sword	O
and	O
make	O
his	O
horse	O
rear	O
?	O


Only	O
our	O
great	O
General	O
Peng	B-PERSON
.	O


Correspondent	O
Xu	B-PERSON
Xiaobing	I-PERSON
,	O
covering	O
frontline	O
news	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
snapped	O
the	O
shutter	O
while	O
artillery	O
fire	O
roared	O
overhead	O
.	O


More	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
60	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	O
,	O
Xu	B-PERSON
Xiaobing	I-PERSON
still	O
vividly	O
remembers	O
the	O
scene	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


Dehuai	B-PERSON
was	O
sitting	O
in	O
this	O
trench	O
directing	O
the	O
campaign	O
.	O


Oh	O
.	O


Bullets	O
and	O
artillery	O
fire	O
whistled	O
past	O
his	O
head	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
from	O
August	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
December	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1940	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
fought	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
1,824	B-CARDINAL
battles	O
large	O
and	O
small	O
.	O


A	O
total	O
of	O
46,480	B-CARDINAL
Japanese	B-NORP
soldiers	O
and	O
puppet	O
soldiers	O
were	O
killed	O
,	O
wounded	O
,	O
or	O
captured	O
,	O
or	O
defected	O
.	O


Four	B-QUANTITY
hundred	I-QUANTITY
seventy	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
four	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
of	O
railroad	O
and	O
1,502	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
of	O
highway	O
were	O
destroyed	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
large	O
quantities	O
of	O
other	O
military	O
supplies	O
were	O
seized	O
or	O
destroyed	O
.	O


After	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
launched	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
,	O
newspapers	O
from	O
areas	O
behind	O
enemy	O
lines	O
in	O
North	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
to	O
the	O
large	O
rear	O
area	O
continuously	O
carried	O
news	O
of	O
victories	O
.	O


Telegrams	O
and	O
letters	O
of	O
congratulation	O
arrived	O
in	O
Yan'an	B-GPE
from	O
all	O
directions	O
.	O


Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
was	O
deeply	O
moved	O
.	O


This	O
leader	O
with	O
a	O
strong	O
poetic	O
temperament	O
expressed	O
his	O
joy	O
in	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
telegram	O
.	O


The	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
caused	O
great	O
excitement	O
.	O


Can	O
such	O
kind	O
of	O
campaign	O
be	O
organized	O
once	O
or	O
twice	O
more	O
?	O


In	O
a	O
congratulatory	O
telegram	O
to	O
Zhu	B-PERSON
De	I-PERSON
and	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Dehuai	I-PERSON
,	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
Kai	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Shek	I-PERSON
praised	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
resolute	O
attacks	O
for	O
dealing	O
a	O
heavy	O
blow	O
to	O
the	O
enemy	O
.	O


By	O
pinning	O
down	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
Japanese	B-NORP
soldiers	O
on	O
battlefields	O
behind	O
enemy	O
lines	O
in	O
North	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
,	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
delayed	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
's	O
aggression	O
southward	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
was	O
a	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
European	B-NORP
battlefield	O
,	O
while	O
enhancing	O
the	O
international	O
reputation	O
of	O
the	O
CPC	B-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
.	O


The	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
wrote	O
a	O
glorious	O
page	O
in	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
War	B-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
against	I-EVENT
Japan	I-EVENT
.	O


On	O
June	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1987	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Monument	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hundred	I-WORK_OF_ART
Regiments	I-WORK_OF_ART
Offensive	I-WORK_OF_ART
was	O
erected	O
on	O
Shi'nao	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
in	O
Yangquan	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Shanxi	I-GPE
,	O
where	O
the	O
heroes	O
had	O
fought	O
the	O
battle	O
.	O


In	O
1993	B-DATE
,	O
six	B-CARDINAL
villagers	O
in	O
Honghecao	B-GPE
Village	I-GPE
set	O
up	O
the	B-FAC
Hundred	I-FAC
Regiments	I-FAC
Offensive	I-FAC
Museum	I-FAC
at	O
the	O
place	O
of	O
Nie	B-PERSON
Rongzhen	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
operational	O
command	O
.	O


Old	O
Li	B-PERSON
Jingtang	I-PERSON
still	O
tells	O
visitors	O
old	O
war	O
stories	O
circulating	O
in	O
the	O
Taihong	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
area	O
.	O


More	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
60	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
have	O
passed	O
since	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
took	O
place	O
.	O


Taihang	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
will	O
forever	O
remember	O
that	O
great	O
battle	O
during	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
's	O
War	B-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
against	I-EVENT
Japan	I-EVENT
.	O


During	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
strong	O
Chinese	B-ORG
Expeditionary	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
went	O
abroad	O
to	O
fight	O
.	O


The	B-FAC
Burma	I-FAC
Road	I-FAC
was	O
the	O
lifeline	O
artery	O
for	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
anti-Japanese	B-NORP
battlefields	O
.	O


The	B-EVENT
Tengchong	I-EVENT
Battle	I-EVENT
,	O
an	O
annihilation	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
,	O
became	O
a	O
typical	O
example	O
for	O
the	O
China	B-GPE
war	O
area	O
.	O


We	O
respectfully	O
invite	O
you	O
to	O
watch	O
a	O
bloody	O
battle	O
fought	O
side	O
-	O
by	O
-	O
side	O
by	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Britain	B-GPE
60	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
in	O
a	O
joint	O
effort	O
to	O
repel	O
Japanese	B-NORP
invaders	O
.	O


Hello	O
,	O
everyone	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
Across	B-ORG
the	I-ORG
Strait	I-ORG
on	O
CCTV	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Channel	I-ORG
.	O


We	O
welcome	O
you	O
to	O
watch	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
let	O
's	O
check	O
out	O
the	O
main	O
contents	O
of	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
program	O
.	O


On	O
August	B-DATE
17	I-DATE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
investigation	O
department	O
and	O
police	O
held	O
a	O
press	O
conference	O
announcing	O
the	O
closing	O
of	O
the	O
March	B-DATE
19	I-DATE
shooting	O
case	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
suspect	O
identified	O
by	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
police	O
mysteriously	O
died	O
after	O
the	O
March	B-DATE
19	I-DATE
shooting	O
incident	O
,	O
the	O
case	O
was	O
not	O
prosecuted	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
people	O
from	O
various	O
circles	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
think	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
suspicious	O
points	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
.	O


On	O
August	B-DATE
17	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
military	O
held	O
the	O
Lianhsing	B-PRODUCT
94	I-PRODUCT
amphibious	O
landing	O
exercise	O
,	O
testing	O
and	O
enhancing	O
the	O
army	O
's	O
response	O
capabilities	O
and	O
its	O
combat	O
ability	O
in	O
repelling	O
an	O
enemy	O
's	O
amphibious	O
landing	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
investigation	O
department	O
and	O
police	O
announced	O
the	O
closing	O
of	O
the	O
March	B-DATE
19	I-DATE
shooting	O
case	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
why	O
did	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
investigation	O
department	O
say	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
closing	O
of	O
the	O
case	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
actual	O
truth	O
about	O
the	O
shooting	O
case	O
?	O


Scholars	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
a	O
detailed	O
analysis	O
on	O
this	O
edition	O
of	O
Hot	B-ORG
Topic	I-ORG
Analysis	I-ORG
.	O


On	O
August	B-DATE
17	I-DATE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
investigation	O
department	O
and	O
police	O
solved	O
the	O
case	O
and	O
announced	O
the	O
March	B-DATE
19	I-DATE
shooting	O
case	O
was	O
closed	O
.	O


This	O
case	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
prosecuted	O
.	O


Abramov	B-PERSON
had	O
a	O
car	O
accident	O
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
and	O
was	O
seriously	O
injured	O
.	O


Right	O
now	O
,	O
Abramov	B-PERSON
is	O
being	O
treated	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
life	O
is	O
already	O
out	O
of	O
danger	O
.	O


Chechen	B-NORP
President	O
Alkhanov	B-PERSON
said	O
yesterday	B-DATE
that	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
preliminary	O
investigation	O
,	O
his	O
car	O
accident	O
was	O
only	O
an	O
ordinary	O
traffic	O
accident	O
and	O
was	O
unlikely	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
planned	O
assassination	O
attempt	O
.	O


Right	O
now	O
,	O
First	B-ORDINAL
Deputy	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Kadyrov	B-PERSON
is	O
acting	O
prime	O
minister	O
temporarily	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
now	O
take	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
this	O
.	O


US	B-GPE
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
participating	O
in	O
the	O
13th	B-ORDINAL
Informal	B-EVENT
APEC	I-EVENT
Leaders	I-EVENT
'	I-EVENT
Meeting	I-EVENT
in	O
Pusan	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
South	I-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
met	O
briefly	O
today	B-DATE
before	O
the	O
meeting	O
began	O
.	O


The	O
content	O
of	O
their	O
discussion	O
during	O
the	O
meeting	O
was	O
not	O
publicly	O
disclosed	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
officials	O
,	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
Putin	B-PERSON
mainly	O
discussed	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
topics	O
such	O
as	O
anti-terrorism	O
,	O
the	O
Korean	B-NORP
peninsula	O
nuclear	O
issue	O
,	O
the	O
Iran	B-GPE
nuclear	O
issue	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
accession	O
to	O
the	O
WTO	B-ORG
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
accompanying	O
officials	O
said	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
already	O
the	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
meeting	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
leaders	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Dear	O
viewers	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
all	O
for	O
the	O
China	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
program	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
watching	O
!	O


This	O
is	O
Xu	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
.	O


Next	O
,	O
please	O
stay	O
with	O
us	O
for	O
the	O
Focus	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
program	O
hosted	O
by	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Shilin	I-PERSON
.	O


Good-bye	O
!	O


News	O
and	O
events	O
happen	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
are	O
interested	O
in	O
is	O
exactly	O
what	O
our	O
focuses	O
are	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
CCTV	B-ORG
Focus	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
.	O


Prior	O
to	O
the	O
APEC	B-ORG
meeting	O
,	O
Japanese	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Junichiro	B-PERSON
Koizumi	I-PERSON
visited	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	O
the	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
time	O
and	O
was	O
strongly	O
condemned	O
by	O
Asian	B-NORP
nations	O
such	O
as	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
.	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
situation	O
will	O
Japan	B-GPE
find	O
itself	O
in	O
at	O
the	O
APEC	B-ORG
summit	O
?	O


What	O
heavy	O
prices	O
will	O
Japan	B-GPE
pay	O
for	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
's	O
paying	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
ghosts	O
?	O


Focus	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
is	O
coming	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
moment	O
.	O


Hello	O
,	O
dear	O
viewers	O
!	O


Welcome	O
to	O
the	O
live	O
broadcast	O
of	O
Focus	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
on	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Channel	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
APEC	B-ORG
meeting	O
is	O
being	O
held	O
these	O
days	O
in	O
Pusan	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
South	I-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Junichiro	B-PERSON
Koizumi	I-PERSON
also	O
arrived	O
in	O
Pusan	B-GPE
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
,	O
beginning	O
his	O
APEC	B-ORG
trip	O
this	O
time	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
prior	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
many	O
analysts	O
all	O
think	O
that	O
during	O
his	O
trip	O
to	O
the	O
APEC	B-ORG
meeting	O
in	O
Pusan	B-GPE
,	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
Junichiro	B-PERSON
Koizumi	I-PERSON
may	O
likely	O
be	O
isolated	O
by	O
various	O
parties	O
.	O


The	O
reason	O
is	O
that	O
in	O
its	O
persistent	O
alignment	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
has	O
ignored	O
its	O
relations	O
with	O
other	O
countries	O
,	O
especially	O
its	O
Asian	B-NORP
neighboring	O
countries	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
clearly	O
remembered	O
by	O
its	O
Asian	B-NORP
neighboring	O
countries	O
is	O
that	O
on	O
October	B-DATE
17	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
opposition	O
,	O
Junichiro	B-PERSON
Koizumi	I-PERSON
stubbornly	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
visited	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	O
the	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
time	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
since	O
he	O
took	O
office	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
situation	O
will	O
Japan	B-GPE
find	O
itself	O
in	O
at	O
the	O
APEC	B-ORG
summit	O
?	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
impact	O
will	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
's	O
lame	O
diplomacy	O
produce	O
on	O
the	O
international	O
image	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
?	O


These	O
are	O
all	O
the	O
topics	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
focusing	O
on	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


We	O
have	O
invited	O
to	O
our	O
studio	O
Professor	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Jiangyong	I-PERSON
and	O
Professor	O
Jin	B-PERSON
Xide	I-PERSON
,	O
two	O
experts	O
on	O
Japan	B-GPE
issues	O
.	O


Welcome	O
you	O
two	B-CARDINAL
to	O
the	O
studio	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
our	O
program	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
we	O
all	O
know	O
that	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
arrived	O
in	O
Pusan	B-GPE
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
.	O


In	O
the	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
he	O
met	O
with	O
South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
President	O
Roh	B-PERSON
Moo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hyun	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
met	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
information	O
and	O
the	O
situation	O
you	O
have	O
learned	O
,	O
how	O
would	O
you	O
two	B-CARDINAL
interpret	O
some	O
messages	O
sent	O
out	O
by	O
their	O
meeting	O
this	O
time	O
?	O


Ah	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
,	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
when	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
arrived	O
in	O
Pusan	B-GPE
,	O
ah	O
,	O
he	O
had	O
this	O
in	O
his	O
mind	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
through	O
multilateral	O
meetings	O
,	O
he	O
attempted	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
leaders	O
of	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
or	O
other	O
Asian	B-NORP
nations	O
,	O
Uh-huh	O
.	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
--	O
Uh-huh	O
.	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
even	O
though	O
he	O
visited	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
Uh-huh	O
.	O
his	O
relations	O
with	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
are	O
not	O
affected	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
actually	O
,	O
today	O
President	O
Roh	B-PERSON
Moo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hyun	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
hosting	O
country	O
of	O
the	O
meeting	O
,	O
Uh-huh	O
.	O
well	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
his	O
meeting	O
with	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
actually	O
,	O
it	O
shows	O
that	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
issues	O
such	O
as	O
his	O
visit	O
to	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
have	O
indeed	O
cast	O
a	O
very	O
heavy	O
shadow	O
over	O
the	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
during	O
this	O
meeting	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
President	O
Roh	B-PERSON
Moo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hyun	I-PERSON
clearly	O
pointed	O
out	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
what	O
did	O
he	O
point	O
out	O
?	O
That	O
is	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
the	O
visit	O
to	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
by	O
Japanese	B-NORP
leaders	O
,	O
politicians	O
,	O
and	O
statesmen	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
,	O
,	O
provocation	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
to	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
he	O
pointed	O
out	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
the	O
prime	O
minister	O
's	O
visit	O
to	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
the	O
textbook	O
issue	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
territorial	O
dispute	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


All	O
these	O
must	O
be	O
properly	O
resolved	O
before	O
the	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
can	O
improve	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
,	O
he	O
also	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
argued	O
slyly	O
for	O
himself	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
that	O
his	O
visit	O
was	O
not	O
to	O
glorify	O
the	O
war	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Nor	O
was	O
this	O
for	O
anything	O
else	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
only	O
done	O
to	O
express	O
condolences	O
on	O
the	O
war	O
dead	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
to	O
express	O
that	O
there	O
shall	O
be	O
no	O
more	O
war	O
in	O
future	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
still	O
not	O
accepted	O
by	O
the	O
South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
side	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
meeting	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
very	O
interested	O
in	O
this	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
originally	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
marks	O
the	O
40th	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
between	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


fortieth	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
year	O
of	O
the	O
South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
-	I-NORP
Japanese	I-NORP
friendship	O
?	O


Yes	O
,	O
yes	O
,	O
yes	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
yes	O
,	O
the	O
year	O
of	O
friendship	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Er	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
arrangement	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
President	O
Roh	B-PERSON
Moo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hyun	I-PERSON
should	O
pay	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
ah	O
,	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
this	O
matter	O
was	O
not	O
even	O
talked	O
about	O
during	O
this	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
bilateral	O
summit	O
meeting	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
this	O
shows	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Some	O
commentaries	O
said	O
that	O
when	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
went	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
Roh	B-PERSON
Moo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hyun	I-PERSON
this	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
clutching	O
at	O
a	O
straw	O
to	O
save	O
his	O
life	O
.	O


Eh	O
,	O
it	O
means	O
that	O
you	O
see	O
,	O
although	O
many	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
are	O
complaining	O
about	O
me	O
,	O
my	O
image	O
may	O
return	O
to	O
a	O
better	O
one	O
after	O
I	O
met	O
with	O
Roh	B-PERSON
Moo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hyun	I-PERSON
.	O


However	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
outcome	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
Professor	O
Liu	B-PERSON
introduced	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
equivalent	O
to	O
going	O
there	O
to	O
get	O
criticized	O
again	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
was	O
n't	O
it	O
that	O
things	O
went	O
contrary	O
to	O
his	O
wishes	O
?	O


Uh-huh	O
,	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


,	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
difficult	O
diplomatic	O
journey	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
Roh	B-PERSON
Moo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hyun	I-PERSON
was	O
originally	O
the	O
only	O
remedy	O
he	O
could	O
count	O
on	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
Roh	B-PERSON
Moo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hyun	I-PERSON
actually	O
met	O
with	O
him	O
ceremonially	O
as	O
a	O
host	O
because	O
APEC	B-ORG
held	O
the	O
meeting	O
in	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
he	O
seized	O
the	O
opportunity	O
fully	O
to	O
express	O
the	O
wish	O
of	O
the	O
South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
government	O
and	O
people	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


What	O
he	O
meant	O
by	O
the	O
wish	O
was	O
to	O
stop	O
visiting	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
contrary	O
to	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
's	O
diplomatic	O
purpose	O
,	O
he	O
not	O
only	O
failed	O
to	O
sidestep	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
the	O
visit	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
exposed	O
,	O
this	O
scandal	O
to	O
the	O
entire	O
world	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
his	O
heart	O
,	O
he	O
might	O
feel	O
it	O
was	O
even	O
worse	O
than	O
not	O
meeting	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
this	O
only	O
hope	O
of	O
his	O
was	O
also	O
destroyed	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
just	O
started	O
with	O
this	O
topic	O
of	O
the	O
meeting	O
between	O
President	O
Roh	B-PERSON
Moo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hyun	I-PERSON
and	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
.	O


Well	O
,	O
actually	O
,	O
regarding	O
,	O
um	O
,	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
's	O
attendance	O
at	O
this	O
APEC	B-ORG
summit	O
,	O
people	O
are	O
more	O
interested	O
in	O
the	O
relations	O
between	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
Asian	B-NORP
neighboring	O
countries	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
alliance	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
speaking	O
of	O
the	O
relationship	O
issue	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
noticed	O
that	O
during	O
US	B-GPE
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
made	O
some	O
declaration	O
of	O
this	O
position	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
we	O
get	O
on	O
good	O
terms	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
then	O
it	O
follows	O
naturally	O
we	O
will	O
have	O
good	O
relations	O
with	O
our	O
Asian	B-NORP
neighboring	O
countries	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
regarding	O
this	O
attitude	O
he	O
has	O
adopted	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
professors	O
,	O
how	O
would	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
's	O
diplomatic	O
thinking	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
because	O
he	O
is	O
still	O
using	O
the	O
pre-Cold	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
diplomatic	O
thinking	O
after	O
the	B-EVENT
Cold	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
is	O
the	O
number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
superpower	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
economy	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


As	O
long	O
as	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
stand	O
together	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
other	O
countries	O
could	O
not	O
do	O
anything	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
actually	O
a	O
very	O
overbearing	O
image	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
situation	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
actually	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
exactly	O
the	O
other	O
way	O
round	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
get	O
on	O
good	O
terms	O
with	O
its	O
Asian	B-NORP
neighboring	O
countries	O
,	O
then	O
in	O
reality	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
will	O
become	O
even	O
more	O
hard	O
-	O
line	O
in	O
its	O
diplomacy	O
with	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
for	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
furthermore	O
has	O
lost	O
some	O
assets	O
,	O
diplomatic	O
assets	O
when	O
making	O
negotiations	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
just	O
recently	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
needless	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
that	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
relations	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
say	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
this	O
year	O
have	O
suffered	O
overall	O
deterioration	O
.	O


These	O
include	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
relations	O
with	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
which	O
are	O
all	O
deteriorating	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
even	O
including	O
its	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
,	O
even	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
we	O
also	O
noticed	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
news	O
that	O
although	O
at	O
,	O
um	O
,	O
the	O
recent	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
plus	O
-	O
two	B-CARDINAL
meeting	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
again	O
reached	O
an	O
intermediate	O
report	O
,	O
Uh-huh	O
.	O
Uh-huh	O
.	O
Uh-huh	O
.	O
Well	O
,	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
actually	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
Japan	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
again	O
mentioned	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
that	O
it	O
seems	O
to	O
feel	O
regretful	O
,	O


why	O
?	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
a	O
bit	O
regretful	O
.	O


Because	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
plus	O
-	O
two	B-CARDINAL
intermediate	O
report	O
just	O
reached	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
bases	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
should	O
undergo	O
adjustment	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
met	O
with	O
strong	O
opposition	O
from	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


So	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
hard	O
to	O
implement	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
now	O
the	O
JDA	B-ORG
head	O
came	O
to	O
talk	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
saying	O
,	O
whether	O
our	O
interests	O
can	O
be	O
taken	O
into	O
consideration	O
again	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
intermediate	O
report	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
between	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
centering	O
upon	O
this	O
intermediate	O
report	O
,	O
actually	O
the	O
deal	O
is	O
again	O
partially	O
completed	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
such	O
a	O
prime	O
minister	O
like	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
blindly	O
follows	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
as	O
the	O
guideline	O
of	O
his	O
diplomacy	O
,	O
was	O
rarely	O
seen	O
even	O
during	O
the	O
Cold	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
era	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
in	O
1957	B-DATE
Japan	B-GPE
had	O
three	B-CARDINAL
diplomatic	O
principles	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
it	O
must	O
take	O
good	O
care	O
of	O
its	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
Western	B-NORP
countries	O
,	O
Asian	B-NORP
countries	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
,	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
is	O
like	O
a	O
stick	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
say	O
,	O
a	O
post	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


It	O
takes	O
three	B-CARDINAL
points	O
to	O
support	O
a	O
plane	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
it	O
turned	O
out	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
such	O
stuff	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
some	O
prime	O
ministers	O
before	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
at	O
least	O
would	O
still	O
properly	O
deal	O
with	O
and	O
balance	O
the	O
relations	O
with	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
ah	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
,	O
he	O
only	O
takes	O
good	O
care	O
of	O
the	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


Right	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
surely	O
fail	O
to	O
take	O
good	O
care	O
of	O
the	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
because	O
if	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
win	O
the	O
trust	O
of	O
your	O
Asian	B-NORP
neighboring	O
countries	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
will	O
not	O
fully	O
respect	O
such	O
a	O
country	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
also	O
wants	O
to	O
go	O
beyond	O
Japan	B-GPE
to	O
keep	O
good	O
relations	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
other	O
Asian	B-NORP
countries	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
he	O
follows	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
lower	O
will	O
be	O
his	O
actual	O
status	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
impossible	O
.	O


Right	O
,	O
his	O
idea	O
was	O
actually	O
criticized	O
and	O
opposed	O
by	O
some	O
politicians	O
even	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
was	O
strongly	O
criticized	O
and	O
increasingly	O
isolated	O
.	O


Ah	O
.	O


The	O
domestic	O
economy	O
was	O
also	O
affected	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
also	O
mentioned	O
,	O
by	O
valuing	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
alone	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
ignoring	O
Asia	B-LOC
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


Now	O
many	O
media	O
all	O
issued	O
statements	O
and	O
editorials	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
some	O
people	O
also	O
compared	O
this	O
diplomacy	O
of	O
his	O
to	O
a	O
lame	O
diplomacy	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


He	O
--	O


Could	O
he	O
walk	O
steadily	O
with	O
a	O
lame	O
diplomacy	O
?	O


Eh	O
,	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
himself	O
is	O
concerned	O
,	O
what	O
is	O
his	O
problem	O
?	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


He	O
himself	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
what	O
should	O
we	O
say	O
?	O
He	O
does	O
not	O
respect	O
and	O
acknowledge	O
reality	O
.	O


Actually	O
,	O
some	O
people	O
say	O
he	O
is	O
deceiving	O
himself	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
others	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
this	O
time	O
at	O
the	O
APEC	B-ORG
meeting	O
in	O
Pusan	B-GPE
,	O
when	O
he	O
mentioned	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
relations	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
still	O
used	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
rhetoric	O
,	O
to	O
defend	O
himself	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
-	O
China	O
relations	O
are	O
not	O
like	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
what	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
is	O
worried	O
about	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
the	O
economic	O
trade	O
development	O
in	O
our	O
two	O
countries	O
is	O
going	O
on	O
quite	O
well	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
say	O
he	O
does	O
not	O
understand	O
the	O
current	O
status	O
of	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Japanese	I-NORP
relations	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Actually	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
his	O
visit	O
to	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
the	O
cooling	O
down	O
of	O
the	O
political	O
relationship	O
,	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Japanese	I-NORP
relations	O
have	O
suffered	O
severe	O
blows	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
only	O
indulging	O
in	O
his	O
unilateral	O
wishful	O
thinking	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
only	O
what	O
he	O
thinks	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
see	O
some	O
concrete	O
figures	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
from	O
January	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
August	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
latest	O
statistics	O
show	O
that	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
exports	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
grew	O
only	O
by	O
3.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
according	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
statistics	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
grew	O
only	O
by	O
5.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
according	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
statistics	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
in	O
previous	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
was	O
always	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
25	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
exports	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
were	O
declining	O
sharply	O
.	O


More	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
25	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	I-PERCENT


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
investment	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
investment	O
projects	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
decreased	O
by	O
8.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
while	O
the	O
contractual	O
amount	O
decreased	O
by	O
0.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


They	O
both	O
showed	O
that	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
cooling	O
down	O
of	O
the	O
political	O
relationship	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
the	O
economic	O
relations	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
have	O
already	O
been	O
severely	O
affected	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
the	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
feelings	O
of	O
peoples	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Originally	O
,	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
's	O
key	O
fallacy	O
for	O
his	O
visits	O
to	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
was	O
that	O
my	O
visits	O
would	O
not	O
affect	O
in	O
any	O
way	O
our	O
relations	O
with	O
Asia	B-LOC
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
like	O
that	O
in	O
reality	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
when	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
visits	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
he	O
is	O
betting	O
on	O
the	O
national	O
interests	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
selling	O
the	O
international	O
image	O
and	O
national	O
interests	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
at	O
cheap	O
prices	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
being	O
paid	O
at	O
a	O
heavy	O
price	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Many	O
Japanese	B-NORP
people	O
also	O
see	O
that	O
this	O
does	O
not	O
conform	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
own	O
fundamental	O
interests	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
country	O
with	O
so	O
many	O
international	O
,	O
um	O
,	O
interests	O
.	O


Interests	O
.	O


with	O
national	O
interests	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
actually	O
denigrates	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
image	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
's	O
diplomatic	O
thinking	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
question	O
.	O


Ah	O
,	O
people	O
may	O
also	O
frequently	O
ask	O
such	O
a	O
question	O
that	O
since	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
thing	O
for	O
a	O
country	O
to	O
keep	O
good	O
relationship	O
with	O
its	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
,	O
why	O
would	O
Japan	B-GPE
want	O
to	O
seek	O
far	O
and	O
wide	O
for	O
what	O
lies	O
close	O
at	O
hand	O
?	O


Right	O
.	O


Out	O
of	O
what	O
consideration	O
is	O
he	O
doing	O
this	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
um	O
,	O
this	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
,	O
ah	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
,	O
personally	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
an	O
individual	O
with	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
belief	O
,	O
a	O
very	O
rightist	O
political	O
belief	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
precisely	O
reflects	O
a	O
current	O
political	O
trend	O
of	O
forces	O
surrounding	O
the	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
administration	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
reflects	O
that	O
nowadays	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
its	O
eagerness	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
political	O
power	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
wants	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
sentiments	O
of	O
extreme	O
nationalism	O
to	O
move	O
toward	O
and	O
realize	O
this	O
goal	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
,	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
wrong	O
doing	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
if	O
Japan	B-GPE
wants	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
powerful	O
country	O
commanding	O
true	O
respect	O
,	O
it	O
must	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
a	O
defeated	O
country	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
an	O
aggressor	O
country	O
in	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
they	O
chose	O
a	O
very	O
dangerous	O
road	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
it	O
tries	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
decent	O
country	O
by	O
negating	O
its	O
history	O
as	O
an	O
aggressor	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
exactly	O
a	O
road	O
that	O
leads	O
nowhere	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
road	O
he	O
takes	O
will	O
surely	O
isolate	O
Japan	B-GPE
from	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
and	O
will	O
definitely	O
not	O
make	O
it	O
a	O
political	O
power	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
he	O
chose	O
the	O
wrong	O
road	O
.	O


Ah	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
,	O
from	O
his	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
counting	O
on	O
his	O
luck	O
to	O
a	O
large	O
extent	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
also	O
say	O
that	O
some	O
think	O
tank	O
people	O
around	O
him	O
may	O
have	O
given	O
him	O
the	O
wrong	O
idea	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
he	O
was	O
misled	O
,	O
wow	O
.	O


Ah	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
regarding	O
his	O
visits	O
to	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
if	O
I	O
,	O
keep	O
doing	O
it	O
like	O
this	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
ah	O
,	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
,	O
grow	O
tired	O
of	O
protesting	O
.	O


Once	O
you	O
see	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
it	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
get	O
used	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
swallow	O
the	O
bitterness	O
while	O
I	O
keep	O
doing	O
like	O
this	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
it	O
turns	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
exactly	O
the	O
opposite	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
this	O
issue	O
could	O
bring	O
big	O
trouble	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
the	O
seriousness	O
of	O
the	O
issue	O
.	O


,	O
this	O
is	O
an	O
issue	O
of	O
principle	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
say	O
that	O
an	O
overall	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
diplomatic	O
status	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
should	O
show	O
two	B-CARDINAL
clear	O
roads	O
.	O


Ha	O
,	O
one	O
is	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
blindly	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
very	O
important	O
diplomatic	O
lines	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
can	O
also	O
see	O
the	O
other	O
one	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
to	O
continue	O
damaging	O
the	O
relations	O
with	O
its	O
close	O
neighbors	O


Well	O
,	O
speaking	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
also	O
figure	O
out	O
that	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
has	O
seriously	O
damaged	O
the	O
feelings	O
of	O
his	O
Asian	B-NORP
neighboring	O
countries	O
several	O
times	O
since	O
he	O
took	O
office	O
as	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
prime	O
minister	O
in	O
2001	B-DATE
.	O


We	O
compiled	O
a	O
background	O
video	O
clip	O
here	O
,	O
and	O
let	O
's	O
learn	O
about	O
some	O
relevant	O
information	O
together	O
.	O


In	O
February	B-DATE
2005	I-DATE
,	O
just	O
one	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
after	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
's	O
traditional	O
Spring	B-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
government	O
claimed	O
the	O
lighthouse	O
set	O
on	O
Diaoyu	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
by	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
extreme	O
rightist	O
group	O
without	O
permission	O
as	O
its	O
national	O
property	O
and	O
put	O
in	O
under	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


On	O
March	B-DATE
16	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2005	I-DATE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Shimane	B-GPE
Prefecture	I-GPE
assembly	O
voted	O
to	O
pass	O
a	O
measure	O
bill	O
concerning	O
Takeshima	B-EVENT
Day	I-EVENT
and	O
officially	O
designated	O
February	B-DATE
22	I-DATE
as	O
Takeshima	B-EVENT
Day	I-EVENT
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
this	O
small	O
island	O
just	O
a	O
bit	O
over	O
90	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
from	O
Utsuryo	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
,	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
again	O
triggered	O
a	O
diplomatic	O
conflict	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
thinks	O
that	O
this	O
island	O
called	O
Dokdo	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
has	O
always	O
been	O
a	O
Korean	B-NORP
territory	O
.	O


On	O
April	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2005	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
Ministry	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
approved	O
a	O
new	O
edition	O
of	O
history	O
textbooks	O
compiled	O
by	O
the	O
new	O
history	O
textbook	O
compilation	O
committee	O
and	O
published	O
by	O
Fusosha	B-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
and	O
announced	O
the	O
result	O
officially	O
on	O
April	B-DATE
5	I-DATE
.	O


There	O
are	O
very	O
few	O
amendments	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
edition	O
of	O
Japanese	B-NORP
history	O
textbooks	O
.	O


The	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
version	O
that	O
twisted	O
the	O
history	O
and	O
denied	O
its	O
crime	O
of	O
aggression	O
remained	O
unchanged	O
.	O


Instead	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
claims	O
of	O
sovereignty	O
of	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Dokdo	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
and	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Diaoyu	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
were	O
added	O
.	O


With	O
regard	O
to	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Yasukuni	I-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
where	O
class	O
A	O
WW	B-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
criminals	O
are	O
honored	O
,	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
opposition	O
from	O
all	O
sides	O
,	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
persistently	O
paid	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
visits	O
there	O
from	O
2001	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
2005	I-DATE
.	O


Koizumi	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
in	O
office	O
for	O
,	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Well	O
,	O
during	O
these	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
we	O
can	O
say	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
nothing	O
has	O
been	O
much	O
improved	O
,	O
whether	O
in	O
internal	O
affairs	O
or	O
diplomacy	O
.	O


Originally	O
,	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
,	O
ah	O
,	O
took	O
office	O
because	O
he	O
won	O
a	O
very	O
high	O
support	O
rating	O
as	O
a	O
reformer	O
.	O


Eh	O
,	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
he	O
pledged	O
to	O
reform	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
internal	O
political	O
and	O
economic	O
situations	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
current	O
status	O
of	O
internal	O
affairs	O
,	O
his	O
reform	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
did	O
not	O
result	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
in	O
what	O
was	O
expected	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
diplomatic	O
field	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
constant	O
friction	O
with	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
another	O
important	O
question	O
is	O
how	O
exactly	O
people	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
view	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
's	O
diplomatic	O
or	O
internal	O
policies	O
,	O
Professor	O
Jin	B-PERSON
?	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
say	O
that	O
Japanese	B-NORP
people	O
now	O
have	O
finally	O
started	O
to	O
cool	O
down	O
in	O
their	O
attitude	O
toward	O
,	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
impulsive	O
actions	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
among	O
major	O
Japanese	B-NORP
newspapers	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
dominant	O
newspapers	O
expressing	O
popular	O
opinions	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
Asahi	B-ORG
Shimbun	I-ORG
to	O
Tokyo	B-ORG
Shimbun	I-ORG
,	O
etc	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
recently	O
,	O
even	O
Yomiuri	B-ORG
Simbun	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
originally	O
expressed	O
support	O
for	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
's	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
tendencies	O
,	O
has	O
started	O
to	O
change	O
sides	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
their	O
tones	O
might	O
be	O
different	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
consensus	O
of	O
Japanese	B-NORP
public	O
opinion	O
is	O
that	O
relations	O
with	O
Asian	B-NORP
countries	O
must	O
be	O
improved	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
this	O
has	O
already	O
become	O
the	O
mainstream	O
Japanese	B-NORP
public	O
opinion	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
specifically	O
,	O
it	O
means	O
prohibiting	O
visits	O
to	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


This	O
has	O
been	O
opposed	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Liberal	I-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
and	O
all	O
opposition	O
parties	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
pillar	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
that	O
supports	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
society	O
is	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
business	O
community	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
the	O
heads	O
of	O
several	O
groups	O
in	O
the	O
business	O
community	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Japan	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Federation	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Japan	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
,	O
all	O
had	O
frequent	O
direct	O
meetings	O
with	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
,	O
strongly	O
cautioning	O
him	O
not	O
to	O
visit	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
Uh-huh	O
.	O
Uh-huh	O
.	O
because	O
our	O
economy	O
will	O
suffer	O
if	O
our	O
Japan	B-GPE
can	O
not	O
survive	O
in	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
nowadays	O
,	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
should	O
be	O
utterly	O
isolated	O
not	O
only	O
internationally	O
but	O
also	O
domestically	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
to	O
Japanese	B-NORP
people	O
,	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
more	O
concerned	O
with	O
is	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
how	O
my	O
economy	O
is	O
developing	O
,	O
how	O
my	O
life	O
will	O
be	O
,	O
whether	O
the	O
national	O
interests	O
will	O
be	O
damaged	O
,	O
whether	O
my	O
personal	O
interests	O
will	O
be	O
affected	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
noticed	O
that	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
such	O
questions	O
,	O
some	O
analysts	O
recently	O
noted	O
that	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
diplomacy	O
will	O
pay	O
a	O
heavy	O
price	O
for	O
what	O
he	O
has	O
been	O
doing	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
fact	O
,	O
Professor	O
Liu	B-PERSON
,	O
you	O
also	O
mentioned	O
earlier	O
that	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Japanese	I-NORP
trade	O
,	O
has	O
already	O
been	O
affected	O
to	O
some	O
extent	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
have	O
they	O
started	O
to	O
pay	O
the	O
price	O
already	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
actually	O
,	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
Japan	B-GPE
itself	O
is	O
concerned	O
,	O
it	O
still	O
made	O
some	O
mistakes	O
by	O
itself	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
actually	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
won	O
an	O
overwhelming	O
victory	O
in	O
the	O
general	O
election	O
held	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
11	I-DATE
this	O
year	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
his	O
power	O
to	O
form	O
the	O
cabinet	O
was	O
further	O
strengthened	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Er	O
,	O
he	O
himself	O
thought	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
probably	O
,	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
200	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
correct	O
in	O
what	O
he	O
has	O
been	O
doing	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
in	O
his	O
diplomatic	O
efforts	O
,	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
relations	O
with	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
say	O
that	O
he	O
indeed	O
failed	O
miserably	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
itself	O
also	O
failed	O
to	O
meet	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
own	O
demand	O
for	O
economic	O
development	O
and	O
the	O
trend	O
of	O
strengthening	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
with	O
foreign	O
countries	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
eastern	O
Asian	B-NORP
region	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
bring	O
about	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
in	O
this	O
region	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
looking	O
at	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
say	O
it	O
is	O
currently	O
recovering	O
its	O
growth	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
externally	O
,	O
it	O
mainly	O
relies	O
on	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
Chinese	B-NORP
markets	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
market	O
suffers	O
from	O
economic	O
cool	O
-	O
down	O
as	O
political	O
coldness	O
takes	O
heat	O
off	O
economic	O
development	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
produce	O
a	O
very	O
negative	O
effect	O
on	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


This	O
effect	O
may	O
not	O
show	O
until	O
probably	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
just	O
now	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
political	O
coldness	O
that	O
totally	O
damaged	O
its	O
relations	O
with	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
economy	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
unable	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
economic	O
heat	O
on	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
we	O
know	O
,	O
what	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
should	O
be	O
more	O
concerned	O
is	O
his	O
failure	O
in	O
international	O
affairs	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
this	O
year	O
marks	O
the	O
60th	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
founding	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
placed	O
its	O
hope	O
of	O
becoming	O
a	O
permanent	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
generally	O
speaking	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
could	O
n't	O
get	O
accepted	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
well	O
,	O
the	O
chances	O
in	O
future	O
are	O
extremely	O
slim	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
among	O
many	O
reasons	O
that	O
blocked	O
Japan	B-GPE
from	O
getting	O
accepted	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
one	B-CARDINAL
was	O
that	O
its	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
did	O
not	O
cast	O
favorable	O
votes	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
--	O


It	O
failed	O
to	O
gain	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
countries	O
in	O
its	O
own	O
region	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


To	O
become	O
a	O
permanent	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
thing	O
is	O
to	O
first	B-ORDINAL
win	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
your	O
own	O
region	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
right	O
now	O
it	O
is	O
its	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
support	O
it	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
say	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
right	O
,	O
this	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
who	O
has	O
single	O
-	O
handedly	O
ruined	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
dream	O
of	O
becoming	O
a	O
permanent	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
serious	O
cost	O
.	O


Some	O
analysts	O
also	O
mentioned	O
this	O
point	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
are	O
basically	O
very	O
much	O
disappointed	O
with	O
what	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
doing	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
many	O
countries	O
have	O
all	O
abandoned	O
their	O
hopes	O
to	O
further	O
mend	O
their	O
relations	O
with	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
this	O
respect	O
,	O
such	O
a	O
question	O
follows	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
how	O
far	O
could	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
go	O
following	O
his	O
diplomatic	O
policy	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
from	O
what	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
now	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
actually	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
say	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
cabinet	O
he	O
formed	O
after	O
his	O
victory	O
of	O
the	O
general	O
election	O
for	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
we	O
could	O
indeed	O
see	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
gathered	O
,	O
um	O
,	O
the	O
statesmen	O
,	O
or	O
politicians	O
who	O
approve	O
visits	O
to	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
Uh-huh	O
.	O
all	O
into	O
the	O
cabinet	O
,	O
everyone	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
eh	O
.	O


He	O
,	O
right	O
,	O
appointed	O
them	O
as	O
defense	O
minister	O
or	O
foreign	O
minister	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
we	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
sort	O
of	O
determined	O
on	O
this	O
issue	O
to	O
fight	O
against	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


This	O
way	O
,	O
he	O
actually	O
sent	O
out	O
a	O
message	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
no	O
sincerity	O
in	O
,	O
during	O
his	O
term	O
,	O
improving	O
the	O
relations	O
with	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
indeed	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
great	O
disappointment	O
of	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
in	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
furthermore	O
to	O
their	O
caution	O
about	O
whether	O
next	O
,	O
the	O
prime	O
minister	O
,	O
the	O
defense	O
minister	O
,	O
including	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
the	O
foreign	O
minister	O
would	O
all	O
go	O
pay	O
their	O
respects	O
at	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


If	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
have	O
produced	O
a	O
very	O
extensive	O
negative	O
impact	O
on	O
its	O
relations	O
with	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
actually	O
,	O
right	O
now	O
even	O
the	O
European	B-NORP
and	O
US	B-GPE
media	O
have	O
noted	O
this	O
issue	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


We	O
,	O
including	O
US	B-GPE
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
came	O
to	O
Pusan	B-GPE
following	O
his	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
this	O
time	O
and	O
then	O
will	O
arrive	O
again	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
are	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
also	O
very	O
concerned	O
with	O
this	O
future	O
development	O
of	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Japanese	I-NORP
relations	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
because	O
I	O
recently	O
met	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
scholar	O
whose	O
first	B-ORDINAL
question	O
to	O
me	O
was	O
whether	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
any	O
conflict	O
in	O
the	O
East	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
region	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Ah	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
that	O
serious	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
has	O
already	O
shown	O
tremendous	O
concern	O
about	O
the	O
chaos	O
to	O
international	O
relations	O
in	O
this	O
region	O
that	O
may	O
have	O
resulted	O
from	O
the	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
cabinet	O
's	O
reckless	O
diplomacy	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
merely	O
an	O
issue	O
of	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Japanese	I-NORP
relations	O
or	O
Japanese	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
relations	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
triggered	O
that	O
--	O


Yeah	O
.	O


the	O
nerves	O
of	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
public	O
and	O
scholars	O
have	O
,	O
started	O
to	O
show	O
concerns	O
over	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
right	O
and	O
wrong	O
in	O
WW	B-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
,	O
the	O
moral	O
issue	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
has	O
started	O
to	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
this	O
issue	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
has	O
kept	O
quiet	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
because	O
it	O
wants	O
to	O
get	O
along	O
with	O
everyone	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
an	O
onlooker	O
to	O
the	O
fighting	O
among	O
eastern	O
Asian	B-NORP
countries	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
can	O
no	O
longer	O
sit	O
quietly	O
any	O
more	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
if	O
things	O
go	O
on	O
like	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
interests	O
in	O
this	O
region	O
are	O
also	O
going	O
to	O
suffer	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
now	O
let	O
's	O
look	O
at	O
this	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
post-Koizumi	O
era	O
.	O


What	O
are	O
his	O
standards	O
for	O
selecting	O
his	O
successor	O
?	O


Is	O
visiting	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	O
criterion	O
?	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
important	O
indexes	O
that	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
watch	O
for	O
regarding	O
which	O
road	O
exactly	O
Japan	B-GPE
will	O
take	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
selection	O
and	O
formation	O
of	O
his	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
cabinet	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
is	O
making	O
his	O
post-resignation	O
arrangements	O
,	O
ah	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
started	O
to	O
get	O
ready	O
.	O


The	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
era	O
,	O
well	O
--	O


Has	O
already	O
prepared	O
--	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
following	O
that	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
if	O
his	O
successor	O
is	O
indeed	O
Shinzo	B-PERSON
Abe	I-PERSON
,	O
well	O
,	O
what	O
will	O
it	O
mean	O
if	O
Shinzo	B-PERSON
Abe	I-PERSON
takes	O
office	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
actually	O
,	O
I	O
see	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
has	O
dual	O
purposes	O
in	O
arranging	O
this	O
cabinet	O
,	O
ah	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
I	O
now	O
feel	O
that	O
he	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
is	O
somewhat	O
adopting	O
a	O
China	B-GPE
policy	O
that	O
separates	O
politics	O
from	O
economy	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
in	O
politics	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
go	O
against	O
you	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
mainly	O
on	O
the	O
issues	O
of	O
Yasukuni	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shrine	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
textbooks	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
affairs	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
he	O
still	O
wants	O
to	O
safeguard	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
rights	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
using	O
some	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
relatively	O
moderate	O
and	O
pragmatic	O
toward	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Right	O
,	O
right	O
,	O
right	O
.	O


,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
a	O
politician	O
quite	O
friendly	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
Toshihiro	B-PERSON
Nikai	I-PERSON
,	O
um	O
,	O
was	O
appointed	O
as	O
minister	O
of	O
Economy	O
,	O
Trade	O
and	O
Industry	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Toshihiro	B-PERSON
Nikai	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
see	O
that	O
after	O
Nikai	B-PERSON
took	O
office	O
,	O
his	O
speech	O
on	O
the	O
Eastern	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
issue	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
say	O
,	O
is	O
quite	O
appropriate	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Ah	O
,	O
in	O
his	O
opinion	O
,	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
have	O
friendly	O
negotiations	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
if	O
he	O
sees	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
er	O
,	O
has	O
taken	O
any	O
action	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
not	O
think	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
unilateral	O
action	O
in	O
this	O
disputed	O
area	O
is	O
friendly	O
negotiation	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
is	O
impossible	O
for	O
talks	O
to	O
go	O
on	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
still	O
be	O
postponed	O
till	O
future	O
,	O
en	O
,	O
when	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
resume	O
talks	O
.	O


Er	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
bilateral	O
relations	O
from	O
suffering	O
friction	O
over	O
specific	O
issues	O
,	O
his	O
attitude	O
like	O
this	O
should	O
be	O
--	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
can	O
his	O
diplomacy	O
featuring	O
two	B-CARDINAL
separate	O
political	O
and	O
economic	O
lines	O
work	O
?	O


Eh	O
,	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
watch	O
for	O
it	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
now	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
is	O
constantly	O
sending	O
out	O
the	O
message	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
step	O
down	O
voluntarily	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Well	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
we	O
could	O
not	O
believe	O
completely	O
100	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
about	O
this	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
certain	O
whether	O
they	O
will	O
make	O
accommodations	O
to	O
let	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
stay	O
in	O
office	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
if	O
he	O
steps	O
down	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
we	O
will	O
see	O
who	O
on	O
this	O
cabinet	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
prime	O
minister	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
mainly	O
we	O
will	O
see	O
whether	O
he	O
gives	O
priority	O
to	O
diplomacy	O
or	O
internal	O
affairs	O
and	O
whether	O
he	O
is	O
more	O
a	O
hawk	O
or	O
a	O
dove	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
there	O
are	O
several	O
other	O
people	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Sadakazu	B-PERSON
Tanigaki	I-PERSON
and	O
other	O
economic	O
figures	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
people	O
mentioned	O
by	O
Professor	O
Liu	B-PERSON
just	O
now	O
like	O
Toshihiro	B-PERSON
Nikai	I-PERSON
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


This	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
has	O
made	O
some	O
preparations	O
after	O
all	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
he	O
made	O
dual	O
preparations	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
we	O
still	O
have	O
to	O
urge	O
this	O
Japanese	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
continue	O
isolating	O
itself	O
like	O
this	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
certainly	O
willing	O
to	O
watch	O
for	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
monitor	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


All	O
right	O
.	O


For	O
our	O
final	O
topic	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
APEC	B-ORG
meeting	O
this	O
time	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
as	O
we	O
mentioned	O
earlier	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
purpose	O
for	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
to	O
go	O
to	O
attend	O
the	O
APEC	B-ORG
leaders	O
'	O
summit	O
in	O
Pusan	B-GPE
this	O
time	O
is	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
he	O
could	O
try	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
relations	O
with	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
through	O
talks	O
with	O
President	O
Roh	B-PERSON
Moo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hyun	I-PERSON
,	O
as	O
if	O
he	O
were	O
clutching	O
at	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
saving	O
straw	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
could	O
you	O
analyze	O
and	O
predict	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
achievements	O
he	O
can	O
make	O
during	O
his	O
trip	O
to	O
Pusan	B-GPE
?	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
actually	O
the	O
greatest	O
achievement	O
for	O
him	O
is	O
that	O
he	O
should	O
see	O
facts	O
.	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
facts	O
?	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
right	O
and	O
wrong	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
some	O
people	O
say	O
that	O
as	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
is	O
growing	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
getting	O
somewhat	O
jealous	O
.	O


Er	O
,	O
as	O
two	B-CARDINAL
powers	O
are	O
juxtaposed	O
,	O
the	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
have	O
become	O
somewhat	O
tense	O
.	O


In	O
reality	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
necessary	O
so	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
is	O
growing	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
and	O
getting	O
stronger	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
see	O
the	O
relations	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
are	O
indeed	O
developing	O
rapidly	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
the	O
current	O
trade	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
has	O
reached	O
nearly	O
100	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Er	O
,	O
within	O
another	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
by	O
2012	B-DATE
when	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
20th	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
200	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
'	I-MONEY
worth	O
of	O
economic	O
trade	O
can	O
be	O
reached	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
this	O
will	O
have	O
surpassed	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
for	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
China	B-GPE
which	O
still	O
failed	O
to	O
reach	O
200	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
at	O
this	O
33rd	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
normalization	O
of	O
their	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
say	O
,	O
the	O
economic	O
development	O
in	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
and	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
borrow	O
Roh	B-PERSON
Moo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hyun	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
words	O
,	O
is	O
developing	O
rapidly	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
has	O
been	O
improving	O
its	O
relations	O
with	O
all	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
has	O
also	O
significantly	O
improved	O
its	O
relations	O
with	O
all	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


We	O
,	O
should	O
say	O
that	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
are	O
very	O
clear	O
about	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
and	O
wrong	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
all	O
in	O
the	O
hearts	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
this	O
can	O
only	O
prove	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
's	O
stubbornness	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
certain	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
change	O
suddenly	O
and	O
completely	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
this	O
time	O
he	O
could	O
only	O
further	O
expose	O
his	O
poor	O
diplomatic	O
skills	O
and	O
his	O
isolation	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
his	O
past	O
remarks	O
and	O
deeds	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
hard	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
he	O
will	O
suddenly	O
change	O
his	O
diplomatic	O
policy	O
after	O
he	O
returns	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
very	O
little	O
chance	O
in	O
this	O
regard	O
.	O


Er	O
,	O
judging	O
from	O
the	O
situation	O
he	O
is	O
in	O
while	O
participating	O
in	O
the	O
APEC	B-ORG
meeting	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
afraid	O
he	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
suffering	O
from	O
friction	O
with	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
only	O
.	O


Apart	O
from	O
that	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
some	O
sources	O
disclosed	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
also	O
had	O
some	O
problems	O
on	O
this	O
issue	O
with	O
some	O
Latin	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
countries	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
we	O
mentioned	O
at	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
,	O
during	O
his	O
trip	O
to	O
Pusan	B-GPE
,	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
must	O
feel	O
not	O
only	O
isolated	O
but	O
also	O
surely	O
frustrated	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


All	O
right	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
Professor	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Jiangyong	I-PERSON
and	O
Professor	O
Jin	B-PERSON
Xide	I-PERSON
,	O
for	O
coming	O
to	O
our	O
studio	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
our	O
program	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
and	O
introduce	O
to	O
us	O
so	O
much	O
relevant	O
information	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
two	B-CARDINAL
!	O


All	O
right	O
,	O
dear	O
viewers	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
all	O
for	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
Focus	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
program	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
too	O
,	O
dear	O
viewers	O
,	O
for	O
watching	O
!	O


Good-bye	O
.	O


Hello	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
check	O
out	O
the	O
weather	O
together	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
weather	O
in	O
the	O
South	B-LOC
will	O
change	O
significantly	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
been	O
overcast	O
and	O
rainy	O
continuously	O
for	O
nearly	O
10	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	O
some	O
places	O
here	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
coming	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


Although	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
overcast	O
and	O
rainy	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
from	O
the	O
eastern	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
southwestern	O
region	O
to	O
this	O
area	O
south	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
,	O
it	O
will	O
turn	O
cloudy	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
after	I-DATE
tomorrow	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
area	O
south	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
.	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
pleasant	O
thing	O
that	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
awaited	O
sunny	O
weather	O
following	O
a	O
long	O
period	O
of	O
rain	O
should	O
occur	O
on	O
Sunday	B-DATE
because	O
people	O
can	O
arrange	O
some	O
outings	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
caution	O
you	O
that	O
as	O
the	O
temperature	O
is	O
not	O
climbing	O
up	O
significantly	O
after	O
the	O
rain	O
is	O
over	O
,	O
the	O
weather	O
will	O
still	O
feel	O
somewhat	O
gloomy	O
and	O
cold	O
.	O


All	O
right	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
take	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
North	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
.	O


Tomorrow	B-DATE
morning	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
foggy	O
in	O
parts	O
of	O
North	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
.	O


On	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
winds	O
of	O
forces	O
4	B-CARDINAL
will	O
blow	O
across	O
the	O
northeast	O
region	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
snowfall	O
in	O
southern	O
Gansu	B-GPE
.	O


Okay	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
turn	O
our	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
weather	O
forecasts	O
.	O


Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
cloudy	O
,	O
2	B-CARDINAL
to	O
8	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Harbin	B-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
,	O
11	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
below	I-QUANTITY
zero	I-QUANTITY
to	O
zero	B-QUANTITY
degree	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Changchun	B-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
,	O
9	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
below	I-QUANTITY
zero	I-QUANTITY
to	O
1	B-QUANTITY
degree	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Xi'an	B-GPE
,	O
cloudy	O
,	O
6	B-CARDINAL
to	O
12	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Shijiazhuang	B-GPE
,	O
foggy	O
changing	O
to	O
sunny	O
,	O
1	B-CARDINAL
to	O
9	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
overcast	O
changing	O
to	O
light	O
rain	O
,	O
11	B-CARDINAL
to	O
15	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Nanjing	B-GPE
,	O
overcast	O
,	O
8	B-CARDINAL
to	O
13	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
light	O
rain	O
,	O
18	B-CARDINAL
to	O
22	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Guangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
cloudy	O
,	O
16	B-CARDINAL
to	O
24	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Dalian	B-GPE
,	O
cloudy	O
changing	O
to	O
sunny	O
,	O
2	B-CARDINAL
to	O
8	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Luoyang	B-GPE
,	O
cloudy	O
,	O
5	B-CARDINAL
to	O
13	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Bangkok	B-GPE
,	O
cloudy	O
changing	O
to	O
showers	O
,	O
25	B-CARDINAL
to	O
34	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


New	B-GPE
Delhi	I-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
,	O
13	B-CARDINAL
to	O
29	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Seoul	B-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
,	O
1	B-QUANTITY
degree	I-QUANTITY
below	I-QUANTITY
zero	I-QUANTITY
to	O
8	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Tokyo	B-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
changing	O
to	O
cloudy	O
,	O
8	B-CARDINAL
to	O
14	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


London	B-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
changing	O
to	O
cloudy	O
,	O
1	B-QUANTITY
degree	I-QUANTITY
below	I-QUANTITY
zero	I-QUANTITY
to	O
8	O
degrees	O
.	O


Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
medium	O
rain	O
changing	O
to	O
light	O
rain	O
,	O
1	B-QUANTITY
degree	I-QUANTITY
below	I-QUANTITY
zero	I-QUANTITY
to	O
2	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Paris	B-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
,	O
1	B-QUANTITY
degree	I-QUANTITY
below	I-QUANTITY
zero	I-QUANTITY
to	O
9	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Vienna	B-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
,	O
3	B-CARDINAL
to	O
7	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
cloudy	O
,	O
7	B-CARDINAL
to	O
9	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Seattle	B-GPE
,	O
cloudy	O
changing	O
to	O
sunny	O
,	O
5	B-CARDINAL
to	O
8	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Washington	B-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
changing	O
to	O
cloudy	O
,	O
4	B-CARDINAL
to	O
6	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Hello	O
,	O
dear	O
viewers	O
.	O


Welcome	O
to	O
Focus	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
.	O


After	O
repeatedly	O
postponing	O
his	O
trip	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Putin	B-GPE
finally	O
arrived	O
at	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Haneda	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
on	O
November	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
,	O
beginning	O
a	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
can	O
be	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
issue	O
is	O
always	O
an	O
obstacle	O
that	O
Putin	B-GPE
can	O
not	O
sidestep	O
while	O
visiting	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Heading	O
a	O
Russian	B-NORP
business	O
delegation	O
of	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
people	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
Putin	B-GPE
wants	O
to	O
improve	O
bilateral	O
relations	O
through	O
promoting	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
how	O
will	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
issue	O
dead	O
knot	O
be	O
untied	O
?	O


And	O
will	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
exchange	O
between	O
Russia	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
be	O
hampered	O
because	O
of	O
this	O
?	O


These	O
are	O
all	O
topics	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
focusing	O
on	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
experts	O
have	O
been	O
invited	O
to	O
our	O
studio	O
.	O


Let	O
me	O
briefly	O
introduce	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
is	O
Mr.	O
Jin	B-PERSON
Xide	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
expert	O
on	O
Japanese	B-NORP
issues	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Social	I-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
.	O


Hello	O
!	O


The	O
other	O
one	O
is	O
Mr.	O
Xing	B-PERSON
Guangcheng	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
expert	O
on	O
Russian	B-NORP
issues	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Social	I-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
.	O


Hello	O
!	O


Welcome	O
to	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
experts	O
,	O
for	O
coming	O
to	O
the	O
studio	O
for	O
our	O
interview	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
learn	O
about	O
the	O
situation	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Let	O
's	O
now	O
connect	O
via	O
telephone	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Xinsheng	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
expert	O
on	O
Japanese	B-NORP
issues	O
from	O
Beijing	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
who	O
is	O
currently	O
visiting	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Hello	O
,	O
Professor	O
Wang	B-PERSON
.	O


Ah	O
,	O
hello	O
,	O
host	O
!	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
please	O
brief	O
us	O
on	O
what	O
was	O
discussed	O
during	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
talks	O
between	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
and	O
Japanese	B-NORP
leaders	O
.	O


Was	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
issue	O
touched	O
upon	O
?	O


Eh	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
and	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
,	O
ah	O
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
talked	O
for	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
two	B-TIME
and	I-TIME
a	I-TIME
half	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
and	O
signed	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
12	B-CARDINAL
documents	O
.	O


It	O
should	O
be	O
said	O
that	O
quite	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
documents	O
were	O
signed	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
general	O
reaction	O
from	O
scholars	O
,	O
media	O
,	O
or	O
ordinary	O
people	O
here	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
is	O
rather	O
low	O
key	O
,	O
because	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
no	O
progress	O
on	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
issues	O
that	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
relatively	O
concerned	O
with	O
,	O
the	O
Northern	B-LOC
Territories	I-LOC
issue	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
oil	O
pipeline	O
route	O
issue	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Regarding	O
the	O
Northern	B-LOC
Territories	I-LOC
issue	O
,	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
purposely	O
avoided	O
this	O
issue	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
said	O
that	O
there	O
has	O
still	O
been	O
no	O
progress	O
on	O
territorial	O
issues	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
abandoned	O
plans	O
for	O
a	O
joint	O
declaration	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
oil	O
pipeline	O
route	O
issue	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
side	O
promised	O
to	O
connect	O
it	O
with	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
talk	O
about	O
prioritizing	O
a	O
connection	O
with	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
media	O
here	O
is	O
concerned	O
because	O
Russia	B-GPE
already	O
promised	O
to	O
prioritize	O
connecting	O
it	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
er	O
,	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
media	O
here	O
is	O
concerned	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
empty	O
promise	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
may	O
not	O
get	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
any	O
material	O
benefit	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
side	O
will	O
have	O
gained	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
support	O
for	O
its	O
WTO	B-ORG
accession	O
.	O


Er	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
Business	B-ORG
Federation	I-ORG
meeting	O
,	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
urged	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
business	O
community	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


However	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
territorial	O
issues	O
,	O
or	O
little	O
progress	O
on	O
the	O
territorial	O
issues	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
business	O
community	O
's	O
concerns	O
with	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
well	O
,	O
it	O
remains	O
a	O
big	O
question	O
how	O
far	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
can	O
go	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Host	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
the	O
main	O
content	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
leaders	O
'	O
talks	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Well	O
,	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
response	O
did	O
people	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
have	O
to	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
achievements	O
this	O
trip	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
has	O
made	O
?	O


Er	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
rather	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
low	O
key	O
.	O


,	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
saw	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
,	O
some	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
groups	O
held	O
demonstrations	O
,	O
demanding	O
that	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
return	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
also	O
extremely	O
dissatisfied	O
because	O
no	O
progress	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
on	O
this	O
issue	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
both	O
the	O
media	O
and	O
citizens	O
have	O
such	O
concerns	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
afraid	O
that	O
resolution	O
of	O
territorial	O
issues	O
may	O
take	O
rather	O
.	O


Host	O
.	O


Okay	O
,	O
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
,	O
Professor	O
Wang	B-PERSON
,	O
for	O
briefing	O
us	O
on	O
the	O
relevant	O
information	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
!	O


Well	O
,	O
next	O
we	O
will	O
return	O
to	O
the	O
studio	O
to	O
interview	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
experts	O
in	O
the	O
studio	O
.	O


Just	O
now	O
,	O
this	O
Professor	O
Wang	B-PERSON
talked	O
about	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
this	O
time	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
signed	O
12	B-CARDINAL
agreements	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
not	O
very	O
satisfied	O
with	O
the	O
content	O
of	O
the	O
agreements	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
content	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
neither	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
issues	O
that	O
Japan	B-GPE
wanted	O
greatly	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
,	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
issue	O
and	O
the	O
oil	O
pipeline	O
issue	O
,	O
made	O
the	O
achievements	O
they	O
had	O
anticipated	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
was	O
this	O
within	O
the	O
expectations	O
of	O
you	O
two	B-CARDINAL
experts	O
?	O


Right	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
rather	O
consistent	O
with	O
unanimous	O
international	O
public	O
opinion	O
analysis	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
our	O
opinion	O
these	O
days	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
,	O
this	O
discussion	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
leaders	O
of	O
both	O
sides	O
,	O
which	O
by	O
itself	O
is	O
an	O
achievement	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
know	O
,	O
Putin	B-GPE
has	O
kept	O
putting	O
off	O
this	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
since	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
like	O
back	O
then	O
when	O
Yeltsin	B-PERSON
repeatedly	O
postponed	O
his	O
trip	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
asked	O
for	O
too	O
high	O
a	O
price	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
it	O
asked	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
president	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
to	O
make	O
concessions	O
on	O
territorial	O
issues	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
president	O
,	O
was	O
unwilling	O
to	O
make	O
concessions	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
itinerary	O
was	O
not	O
decided	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
attitude	O
was	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
talk	O
about	O
territorial	O
issues	O
if	O
it	O
went	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
perspective	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
without	O
discussion	O
of	O
territorial	O
issues	O
,	O
the	O
talks	O
were	O
viewed	O
as	O
making	O
no	O
progress	O
.	O


For	O
Japanese	B-NORP
citizens	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
meaningless	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
only	O
provided	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
with	O
a	O
diplomatic	O
stage	O
.	O


What	O
method	O
does	O
he	O
want	O
to	O
use	O
to	O
remedy	O
the	O
lethargic	O
post-APEC	B-ORG
diplomatic	O
situation	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
what	O
Russia	B-GPE
actually	O
wants	O
is	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
with	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


including	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
oil	O
resources	O
in	O
eastern	O
Siberia	B-LOC
,	O
and	O
,	O
um	O
,	O
some	O
other	O
investment	O
and	O
trade	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
still	O
like	O
this	O
,	O
saying	O
first	B-ORDINAL
return	O
the	O
territories	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
can	O
talk	O
about	O
economics	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
outcome	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
this	O
basic	O
structure	O
remains	O
unchanged	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Er	O
,	O
Director	O
Xing	B-PERSON
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
said	O
that	O
this	O
time	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
very	O
important	O
purposes	O
of	O
President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
progress	O
of	O
bilateral	O
relations	O
through	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


But	O
from	O
what	O
our	O
Professor	O
Wang	B-PERSON
has	O
just	O
introduced	O
,	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
Putin	B-PERSON
has	O
achieved	O
his	O
aim	O
?	O


Eh	O
,	O
he	O
should	O
be	O
said	O
to	O
have	O
achieved	O
his	O
aim	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


The	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
was	O
in	O
itself	O
one	O
of	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
important	O
aims	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Because	O
with	O
large	O
preconditions	O
having	O
been	O
set	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
the	O
framework	O
having	O
being	O
set	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
impossible	O
for	O
Putin	B-PERSON
,	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
to	O
make	O
major	O
breakthroughs	O
on	O
the	O
substantive	O
issues	O
of	O
Russian	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Japanese	I-NORP
relations	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
as	O
two	B-CARDINAL
neighboring	O
nations	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
relations	O
between	O
them	O
should	O
be	O
developed	O
,	O
development	O
of	O
relations	O
should	O
be	O
further	O
promoted	O
.	O


There	O
should	O
be	O
exchanges	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
not	O
work	O
if	O
Putin	B-PERSON
,	O
refuses	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
,	O
how	O
did	O
he	O
come	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
?	O


As	O
mentioned	O
earlier	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
postponed	O
again	O
and	O
again	O
,	O
but	O
by	O
way	O
of	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
opportunity	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
was	O
smoothly	O
accomplished	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


As	O
to	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
result	O
you	O
want	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
another	O
matter	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


But	O
making	O
the	O
trip	O
was	O
significant	O
in	O
itself	O
.	O


What	O
was	O
the	O
significance	O
?	O


It	O
was	O
that	O
Russia	B-GPE
sent	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
message	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
is	O
willing	O
to	O
develop	O
relations	O
with	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
sincerely	O
have	O
such	O
a	O
wish	O
.	O


A	O
wish	O
is	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
achieving	O
results	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
such	O
a	O
start	O
.	O


Both	O
leaders	O
saved	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
face	O
.	O


Right	O
,	O
right	O
,	O
right	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
giving	O
face	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
Also	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
we	O
saw	O
it	O
looked	O
fine	O
,	O
with	O
,	O
12	B-CARDINAL
documents	O
signed	O
as	O
just	O
mentioned	O
.	O


They	O
both	O
gave	O
face	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
another	O
matter	O
if	O
you	O
care	O
about	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
documents	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
were	O
signed	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
can	O
we	O
interpret	O
it	O
this	O
way	O
?	O


Based	O
on	O
the	O
briefing	O
given	O
by	O
you	O
two	B-CARDINAL
experts	O
,	O
both	O
Japanese	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Junichiro	B-PERSON
Koizumi	I-PERSON
and	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
,	O
they	O
both	O
achieved	O
their	O
own	O
aims	O
in	O
form	O
and	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
obtained	O
what	O
they	O
wanted	O
through	O
this	O
visit	O
.	O


On	O
this	O
point	O
,	O
their	O
two	B-CARDINAL
fates	O
are	O
connected	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
both	O
sides	O
have	O
strong	O
nationalist	O
sentiments	O
domestically	O
and	O
powerful	O
parliaments	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
ludicrous	O
for	O
Putin	B-PERSON
to	O
concede	O
on	O
the	O
territorial	O
issues	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
as	O
you	O
should	O
know	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
entirely	O
,	O
impossible	O
behavior	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
it	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
very	O
difficult	O
for	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
now	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
territorial	O
issues	O
,	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
called	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
economics	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
territories	O
second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
or	O
,	O
the	O
separation	O
of	O
politics	O
and	O
economics	O
,	O
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
islands	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
then	O
two	B-CARDINAL
islands	O
later	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
recently	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
,	O
new	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Aso	B-PERSON
proposed	O
a	O
theory	O
of	O
joint	O
development	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
to	O
postpone	O
-LSB-	O
-LSB-	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
sovereignty	O
of	O
the	O
northern	O
-RSB-	O
-RSB-	O
and	O
to	O
jointly	O
develop	O
the	O
,	O
,	O
four	B-CARDINAL
islands	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
the	O
theory	O
of	O
joint	O
development	O
was	O
originally	O
proposed	O
by	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


Well	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
Primakov	B-PERSON
also	O
proposed	O
it	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
foreign	O
minister	O
.	O


It	O
had	O
been	O
raised	O
prior	O
to	O
that	O
too	O
,	O
but	O
Japan	B-GPE
did	O
not	O
accept	O
it	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
why	O
did	O
Taro	B-PERSON
Aso	I-PERSON
recently	O
again	O
propose	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
such	O
a	O
suggestion	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
checked	O
some	O
data	O
,	O
ah	O
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
's	O
recent	O
reaction	O
is	O
not	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
mainstream	O
domestic	O
opinion	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
domestic	O
political	O
circles	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
all	O
opposed	O
this	O
suggestion	O
by	O
Taro	B-PERSON
Aso	I-PERSON
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
that	O
with	O
joint	O
development	O
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
would	O
advocate	O
adopting	O
the	O
current	O
Russian	B-NORP
controlled	O
situation	O
,	O
the	O
current	O
situation	O
,	O
and	O
applying	O
Russian	B-NORP
law	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
by	O
making	O
investments	O
there	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
equivalent	O
to	O
permanent	O
recognition	O
that	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
islands	O
are	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
theory	O
of	O
joint	O
development	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
progress	O
either	O
.	O


So	O
under	O
the	O
current	O
situation	O
,	O
the	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
leaders	O
itself	O
was	O
the	O
greatest	O
achievement	O
this	O
time	O
.	O


The	O
rest	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
any	O
substantive	O
significance	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
add	O
a	O
few	O
words	O
.	O


Regarding	O
the	O
joint	O
development	O
he	O
talked	O
about	O
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
is	O
also	O
very	O
interesting	B-GPE
.	O


,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
proposed	O
it	O
,	O
now	O
Russia	B-GPE
instead	O
rejected	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
rejected	O
it	O
,	O
its	O
government	O
stated	O
very	O
clearly	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
jointly	O
develop	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
interesting	O
issue	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


They	O
dropped	O
it	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
say	O
about	O
this	O
?	O


Er	O
,	O
,	O
,	O
,	O
it	O
,	O
also	O
has	O
its	O
vigilance	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
also	O
has	O
a	O
lot	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
strategy	O
of	O
building	O
a	O
powerful	O
nation	O
.	O


Russia	B-GPE
now	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
independently	O
formulated	O
a	O
strategic	O
vision	O
of	O
developing	O
the	O
Far	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
and	O
Siberian	B-NORP
regions	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
such	O
a	O
vision	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


The	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
are	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
grand	O
vision	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
among	O
our	O
topics	O
,	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
can	O
be	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
core	O
topic	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
discuss	O
this	O
issue	O
again	O
in	O
detail	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
before	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
one	B-CARDINAL
more	O
question	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
regarding	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
this	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Putin	B-GPE
's	O
repeated	O
postponement	O
of	O
his	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O


well	O
,	O
many	O
viewers	O
may	O
have	O
some	O
questions	O
on	O
this	O
issue	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
we	O
happen	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
background	O
video	O
clip	O
here	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
gain	O
some	O
understanding	O
through	O
this	O
background	O
video	O
clip	O
.	O


Why	O
did	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
visit	O
Japan	B-GPE
again	O
after	O
,	O
an	O
interval	O
of	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
after	O
quite	O
a	O
few	O
twists	O
and	O
turns	O
?	O


It	O
can	O
be	O
said	O
that	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
after	O
an	O
interval	O
of	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
was	O
realized	O
following	O
quite	O
a	O
few	O
twists	O
and	O
turns	O
.	O


The	O
visit	O
was	O
first	B-ORDINAL
scheduled	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
2004	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Japanese	B-NORP
side	O
hoped	O
that	O
after	O
winning	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
that	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Putin	B-PERSON
could	O
personally	O
intervene	O
in	O
the	O
territorial	O
issues	O
existing	O
between	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
by	O
May	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
side	O
said	O
it	O
could	O
not	O
provide	O
measures	O
for	O
resolving	O
the	O
territorial	O
issues	O
,	O
and	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
was	O
pushed	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
2005	I-DATE
.	O


While	O
Japan	B-GPE
expressed	O
helplessness	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
it	O
hoped	O
Putin	B-PERSON
could	O
visit	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
as	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
150th	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
signing	O
of	O
a	O
trade	O
and	O
border	O
treaty	O
between	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


However	O
,	O
Putin	B-PERSON
responded	O
only	O
with	O
a	O
congratulatory	O
telegram	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
mention	O
of	O
his	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


On	O
September	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2004	I-DATE
,	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
went	O
by	O
boat	O
to	O
tour	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
.	O


This	O
move	O
at	O
once	O
infuriated	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


Accordingly	O
,	O
the	O
date	O
of	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
turned	O
into	O
a	O
variable	O
which	O
nobody	O
could	O
explain	O
.	O


In	O
various	O
versions	O
,	O
some	O
said	O
Putin	B-PERSON
would	O
visit	O
Japan	B-GPE
in	O
April	B-DATE
2005	I-DATE
,	O
some	O
said	O
May	B-DATE
,	O
while	O
others	O
said	O
June	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
diplomatic	O
circles	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
even	O
widespread	O
rumors	O
,	O
including	O
that	O
Putin	B-PERSON
would	O
not	O
visit	O
Japan	B-GPE
within	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
that	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
ambassador	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
would	O
soon	O
be	O
removed	O
.	O


Various	O
speculation	O
existed	O
until	O
May	B-DATE
2005	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
the	O
celebration	O
of	O
the	O
60th	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
of	O
victory	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
anti-fascist	O
war	O
.	O


Under	O
pressure	O
from	O
various	O
sides	O
,	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
reluctantly	O
attended	O
this	O
celebration	O
.	O


Furthermore	O
,	O
precisely	O
because	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
was	O
basically	O
confirmed	O
.	O


This	O
time	O
,	O
on	O
this	O
visit	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
between	O
Russia	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
ah	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
Japan	B-GPE
was	O
concerned	O
,	O
it	O
really	O
hoped	O
that	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
would	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
issue	O
during	O
his	O
visit	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
thinking	O
was	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
economy	O
first	B-ORDINAL
.	O


There	O
should	O
be	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
before	O
we	O
can	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
issue	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
that	O
currently	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
both	O
insist	O
on	O
a	O
condition	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
conflict	O
would	O
become	O
more	O
conspicuous	O
during	O
the	O
talks	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
was	O
this	O
also	O
the	O
reason	O
that	O
caused	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
,	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
"	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
being	O
close	O
neighbors	O
"	O
these	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
to	O
visit	O
Japan	B-GPE
again	O
only	O
after	O
,	O
an	O
interval	O
of	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
?	O


,	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
just	O
during	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
tenure	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
like	O
this	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
60	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
war	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
whether	O
there	O
should	O
be	O
a	O
separation	O
of	O
politics	O
and	O
economics	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
whether	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
first	B-ORDINAL
or	O
resolution	O
of	O
political	O
issues	O
first	B-ORDINAL
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
eased	O
for	O
a	O
period	O
after	O
the	B-EVENT
Cold	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
during	O
the	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
era	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
recognized	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
islands	O
issue	O
between	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
was	O
nothing	O
like	O
this	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
islands	O
was	O
recognized	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
once	O
an	O
opportunity	O
for	O
this	O
,	O
but	O
Japan	B-GPE
again	O
did	O
not	O
seize	O
it	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Russia	B-GPE
has	O
changed	O
a	O
lot	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
later	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
after	O
several	O
changes	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
during	O
Hashimoto	B-PERSON
Ryutaro	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
term	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
Russia	B-PERSON
proposed	O
separating	O
politics	O
from	O
economics	O
,	O
to	O
make	O
progress	O
on	O
both	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
when	O
it	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
critical	O
moment	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
territorial	O
issues	O
,	O
perhaps	O
due	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
domestic	O
nationalist	O
sentiments	O
and	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
territorial	O
issues	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
impossible	O
for	O
any	O
prime	O
minister	O
to	O
claim	O
for	O
two	B-CARDINAL
islands	O
only	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


When	O
talks	O
on	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
islands	O
came	O
to	O
a	O
final	O
decision	O
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
prime	O
minister	O
retreated	O
again	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
that	O
politics	O
and	O
economics	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
separated	O
and	O
that	O
political	O
issues	O
should	O
still	O
be	O
resolved	O
first	B-ORDINAL
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
president	O
was	O
exactly	O
the	O
opposite	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
denying	O
at	O
critical	O
moments	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
territorial	O
issues	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
sometimes	O
even	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
islands	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
impossible	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
territories	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


So	O
,	O
this	O
shows	O
how	O
difficult	O
it	O
is	O
to	O
resolve	O
Japanese	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Russian	I-NORP
relations	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
breakthrough	O
progress	O
is	O
also	O
,	O
very	O
small	O
.	O


Eh	O
,	O
we	O
all	O
know	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
economy	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Furthermore	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
also	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
investor	O
overseas	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
data	O
shows	O
that	O
Japanese	B-NORP
investment	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
accounts	O
for	O
only	O
1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
investments	O
overseas	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
just	O
over	O
700	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Well	O
,	O
as	O
Russia	B-GPE
should	O
be	O
said	O
to	O
badly	O
need	O
Japanese	B-NORP
funds	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
badly	O
needing	O
Japanese	B-NORP
economic	O
cooperation	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
how	O
urgent	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
need	O
is	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
most	O
urgent	O
need	O
is	O
already	O
over	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
urgent	O
time	O
was	O
still	O
the	B-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
.	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
was	O
indeed	O
pressing	O
for	O
Japanese	B-NORP
investment	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Because	O
Russia	B-GPE
was	O
in	O
a	O
deep	O
degree	O
of	O
overall	O
crisis	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
like	O
a	O
very	O
thirsty	O
man	O
who	O
needs	O
to	O
drink	O
water	O
.	O


At	O
such	O
time	O
,	O
he	O
,	O
needs	O
someone	O
else	O
to	O
give	O
him	O
a	O
cup	O
of	O
water	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
now	O
,	O
the	O
economic	O
crisis	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
is	O
essentially	O
over	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
under	O
such	O
circumstances	O
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
er	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
make	O
diplomatic	O
arrangements	O
calmly	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
again	O
lost	O
the	O
best	O
opportunity	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
market	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
said	O
to	O
have	O
lost	O
it	O
forever	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
that	O
time	O
was	O
the	O
best	O
,	O
a	O
relatively	O
good	O
period	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Why	O
should	O
we	O
say	O
that	O
?	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
if	O
Japan	B-GPE
had	O
made	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
investment	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
well	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
have	O
helped	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
recovery	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
currently	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
very	O
important	O
to	O
Russia	B-GPE
again	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
neighboring	O
nation	O
,	O
especially	O
as	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
world	O
economic	O
power	O
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
really	O
needs	O
Japanese	B-NORP
investment	O
,	O
now	O
not	O
Japanese	B-NORP
aid	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
investment	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
said	O
it	O
is	O
this	O
way	O
strategically	O
.	O


Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
current	O
strategy	O
is	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
powerful	O
nation	O
,	O
a	O
strategy	O
for	O
making	O
his	O
country	O
powerful	O
and	O
his	O
people	O
rich	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
strategy	O
is	O
extremely	O
clear	O
.	O


He	O
used	O
an	O
expression	O
,	O
saying	O
that	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
diplomacy	O
is	O
economic	O
diplomacy	O
.	O


All	O
,	O
diplomatic	O
activities	O
must	O
promote	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
prosperity	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
wealth	O
and	O
power	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
seen	O
from	O
this	O
perspective	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
very	O
important	O
to	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
just	O
now	O
you	O
mentioned	O
some	O
figures	O
regarding	O
Russian	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Japanese	I-NORP
relations	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
,	O
for	O
such	O
a	O
large	O
,	O
such	O
a	O
powerful	O
economy	O
as	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
well	O
,	O
it	O
invested	O
only	O
700-plus	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
extremely	O
small	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Said	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
ten	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Well	O
,	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
trade	O
volume	O
was	O
perhaps	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
9	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


This	O
year	O
,	O
,	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
said	O
it	O
may	O
exceed	O
100	B-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
small	O
figure	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
trade	O
relations	O
between	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
nearly	O
reached	O
200	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


So	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Here	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
comparison	O
.	O


er	O
,	O
between	O
Russia	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
trade	O
volume	O
only	O
equals	O
,	O
of	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Japanese	I-NORP
trade	O
volume	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
twenty	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
second	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


It	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
one	B-CARDINAL
twenty	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
second	I-CARDINAL
,	O
or	O
one	B-CARDINAL
nineteenth	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Well	O
,	O
what	O
does	O
this	O
status	O
show	O
?	O


Right	O
,	O
just	O
about	O
,	O
eh	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
explain	O
two	B-CARDINAL
issues	O
--	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
it	O
may	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
economic	O
environment	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
is	O
indeed	O
not	O
very	O
good	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


In	O
general	O
,	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
large	O
nations	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
have	O
entered	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
market	O
with	O
much	O
ease	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
an	O
objective	O
factor	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
subjective	O
factor	O
too	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
that	O
Japan	B-GPE
does	O
not	O
need	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
market	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
some	O
non-economic	O
factor	O
is	O
playing	O
a	O
role	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
the	O
territorial	O
issue	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
as	O
we	O
said	O
,	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
nationalist	O
sentiment	O
plays	O
a	O
great	O
role	O
here	O
.	O


So	O
one	O
very	O
important	O
aim	O
of	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
which	O
I	O
also	O
think	O
is	O
very	O
clever	O
,	O
is	O
to	O
put	O
aside	O
some	O
very	O
sensitive	O
old	O
territorial	O
topics	O
.	O


This	O
topic	O
is	O
hard	O
to	O
tackle	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
he	O
can	O
promote	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
economic	O
relations	O
,	O
as	O
economics	O
is	O
a	O
dynamic	O
factor	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Putin	B-PERSON
came	O
this	O
time	O
bringing	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
such	O
a	O
large	O
delegation	O
,	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
still	O
intends	O
to	O
solicit	O
businesses	O
and	O
investment	O
,	O
to	O
use	O
our	O
Chinese	B-NORP
expression	O
,	O
yet	O
this	O
intention	O
is	O
very	O
obvious	O
.	O


Right	O
,	O
right	O
.	O


Right	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
this	O
outcome	O
,	O
the	O
form	O
still	O
seems	O
to	O
have	O
outdone	O
the	O
content	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
relations	O
with	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
like	O
this	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
.	O


When	O
Tanaka	B-PERSON
Kakuei	I-PERSON
went	O
there	O
,	O
he	O
also	O
did	O
this	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
invest	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
aid	O
to	O
develop	O
eastern	O
Siberia	B-LOC
.	O


That	O
's	O
because	O
Russia	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
vast	O
area	O
of	O
land	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
the	O
population	O
is	O
small	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
they	O
can	O
not	O
develop	O
it	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
treasure	O
is	O
all	O
hidden	O
underground	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
,	O
they	O
still	O
wanted	O
to	O
solve	O
the	O
population	O
problem	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
used	O
economics	O
for	O
political	O
purposes	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
now	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
Koizumi	B-PERSON
has	O
still	O
not	O
changed	O
this	O
course	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
this	O
dead	O
knot	O
can	O
be	O
untied	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
if	O
things	O
continue	O
like	O
this	O
,	O
increasing	O
the	O
nations	O
'	O
mutual	O
trust	O
can	O
never	O
be	O
realized	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
just	O
now	O
Director	O
Xing	B-PERSON
mentioned	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
issue	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
nationalist	O
sentiment	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
regarding	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
this	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
media	O
earlier	O
predicted	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
that	O
when	O
the	O
time	O
came	O
,	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
60	I-CARDINAL
groups	O
totaling	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
700	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
,	O
hey	O
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
propaganda	O
trucks	O
on	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
downtown	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
protest	O
against	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Well	O
,	O
what	O
forces	O
do	O
these	O
people	O
and	O
groups	O
holding	O
street	O
protests	O
represent	O
?	O


What	O
are	O
they	O
asking	O
for	O
?	O


And	O
what	O
impact	O
will	O
it	O
have	O
on	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
?	O


Okay	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
some	O
focused	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
groups	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
gang	O
society	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
this	O
Russian	B-NORP
issue	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
this	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
simply	O
regarded	O
as	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
people	O
making	O
trouble	O
,	O
because	O
there	O
are	O
widespread	O
historical	O
grievances	O
among	O
ordinary	O
people	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
against	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
have	O
had	O
contact	O
with	O
many	O
Japanese	B-NORP
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
this	O
involves	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
the	O
Northern	B-LOC
Territories	I-LOC
issue	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
originated	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
ago	O
and	O
involves	O
three	B-CARDINAL
major	O
issues	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
is	O
that	O
historically	O
and	O
legally	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
changed	O
several	O
times	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
in	O
1855	B-DATE
,	O
in	O
1875	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
in	O
1905	B-DATE
after	O
the	B-EVENT
Russo	I-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Japanese	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
,	O
and	O
also	O
WW	B-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
,	O
at	O
these	O
critical	O
points	O
,	O
ownership	O
of	O
the	O
territories	O
was	O
constantly	O
changing	O
.	O


With	O
ancestors	O
constantly	O
changing	O
,	O
both	O
sides	O
had	O
their	O
own	O
arguments	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
ownership	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Northern	I-LOC
Territories	I-LOC
has	O
changed	O
several	O
times	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
no	O
single	O
law	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
truth	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Now	O
Russia	B-GPE
says	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
WWII	B-EVENT
international	O
laws	O
and	O
treaties	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
also	O
recognizing	O
it	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


The	O
entire	O
international	O
community	O
recognizes	O
that	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
islands	O
should	O
belong	O
to	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


Both	O
the	B-LAW
Yalta	I-LAW
Agreement	I-LAW
and	O
Article	B-LAW
2	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
San	I-LAW
Francisco	I-LAW
Treaty	I-LAW
recognize	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
relinquishment	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Kuril	I-LOC
Islands	I-LOC
.	O


However	O
,	O
then	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
nationalist	O
sentiment	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
believes	O
that	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
unilaterally	O
broke	O
the	B-LAW
Pact	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Neutrality	I-LAW
,	O
sending	O
troops	O
into	O
Northeast	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
and	O
defeating	O
the	B-ORG
Kwantung	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
.	O


For	O
things	O
like	O
this	O
,	O
as	O
Japan	B-GPE
looks	O
at	O
this	O
piece	O
of	O
history	O
--	O
also	O
,	O
Japanese	B-NORP
captives	O
were	O
dragged	O
to	O
Siberia	B-LOC
to	O
labor	O
camps	O
--	O
I	O
heard	O
there	O
were	O
100,000	B-CARDINAL
,	O
200,000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
nationalist	O
sentiment	O
issue	O
;	O
also	O
,	O
including	O
this	O
,	O
these	O
have	O
all	O
been	O
brought	O
together	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
unraveling	O
this	O
historical	O
feud	O
,	O
the	O
Northern	B-LOC
Territories	I-LOC
issue	O
,	O
is	O
not	O
so	O
clear	O
-	O
cut	O
,	O
since	O
history	O
,	O
society	O
,	O
and	O
law	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
nationalist	O
sentiments	O
are	O
all	O
entangled	O
together	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Just	O
now	O
you	O
mentioned	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
today	B-DATE
we	O
have	O
been	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
issue	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
how	O
exactly	O
did	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
issue	O
originate	O
?	O


Let	O
's	O
learn	O
something	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
four	B-CARDINAL
islands	O
,	O
Iturup	B-LOC
,	O
Shikotan	B-LOC
,	O
the	B-LOC
Khabomai	I-LOC
Rocks	I-LOC
,	O
and	O
Kunashir	B-LOC
,	O
are	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
northern	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
western	O
Pacific	B-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
area	O
of	O
about	B-QUANTITY
5,000	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
,	O
which	O
Japan	B-GPE
calls	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
,	O
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
calls	O
Southern	B-LOC
Chishima	I-LOC
.	O


Their	O
surrounding	O
sea	O
waters	O
have	O
a	O
great	O
wealth	O
of	O
fishing	O
resources	O
and	O
undersea	O
mineral	O
deposits	O
,	O
with	O
highly	O
important	O
strategic	O
positions	O
.	O


The	O
ownership	O
of	O
these	O
four	B-CARDINAL
islands	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
a	O
dead	O
knot	O
in	O
Russian	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Japanese	I-NORP
relations	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
difficult	O
to	O
untie	O
.	O


In	O
August	B-DATE
1945	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
dropped	O
atomic	O
bombs	O
on	O
Hiroshima	B-GPE
and	O
Nagasaki	B-GPE
in	O
succession	O
.	O


To	O
ask	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
to	O
declare	O
war	O
against	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
Britain	B-GPE
gave	O
Russia	B-GPE
the	O
Chishima	B-LOC
Islands	I-LOC
and	O
the	O
southern	O
part	O
of	O
Sakhalin	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
,	O
which	O
Japan	B-GPE
occupied	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


In	O
1955	B-DATE
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
began	O
negotiations	O
regarding	O
the	O
normalization	O
of	O
relations	O
.	O


The	O
then	O
Soviet	B-GPE
Union	I-GPE
indicated	O
willingness	O
to	O
return	O
the	B-LOC
Khabomai	I-LOC
Rocks	I-LOC
and	O
Shikotan	B-LOC
.	O


Yet	O
Japan	B-GPE
requested	O
that	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
return	O
Iturup	B-LOC
and	O
Kunashiri	B-LOC
as	O
well	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
requested	O
that	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
promise	O
to	O
attend	O
the	O
international	O
peace	O
conference	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
ownership	O
of	O
Sakhalin	B-LOC
and	O
the	O
entire	O
Chishima	B-LOC
Islands	I-LOC
.	O


Negotiations	O
broke	O
down	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
.	O


In	O
1956	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
then	O
Soviet	B-GPE
Union	I-GPE
restated	O
its	O
willingness	O
to	O
return	O
the	B-LOC
Khabomai	I-LOC
Rocks	I-LOC
and	O
Shikotan	B-LOC
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
again	O
said	O
that	O
unless	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
islands	O
were	O
returned	O
together	O
,	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
proposal	O
could	O
definitely	O
not	O
be	O
accepted	O
.	O


For	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
Japanese	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Russian	I-NORP
relations	O
have	O
not	O
made	O
breakthrough	O
progress	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
deadlocked	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
issue	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
already	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
50	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
WW	B-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
nations	O
have	O
still	O
not	O
signed	O
a	O
peace	O
treaty	O
realizing	O
the	O
complete	O
normalization	O
of	O
bilateral	O
relations	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
literal	O
sense	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
nations	O
have	O
not	O
signed	O
a	O
peace	O
treaty	O
,	O
it	O
means	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
nations	O
are	O
still	O
at	O
war	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
experts	O
are	O
constantly	O
discussing	O
,	O
saying	O
that	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
issue	O
is	O
a	O
dead	O
knot	O
in	O
Japanese	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Russian	I-NORP
relations	O
,	O
yet	O
this	O
dead	O
knot	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
currently	O
both	O
sides	O
have	O
this	O
idea	O
,	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
untie	O
this	O
dead	O
knot	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
we	O
noticed	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
just	O
now	O
this	O
short	O
clip	O
also	O
talked	O
about	O
it	O
,	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
agreed	O
to	O
return	O
two	B-CARDINAL
islands	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
,	O
but	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
never	O
agreed	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
notice	O
that	O
,	O
Taro	B-PERSON
Aso	I-PERSON
proposed	O
a	O
new	O
idea	O
,	O
the	O
joint	O
development	O
that	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
had	O
previously	O
talked	O
about	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
can	O
this	O
point	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
breakthrough	O
in	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
nations	O
'	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
issue	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
hard	O
,	O
as	O
joint	O
development	O
and	O
sovereignty	O
of	O
the	O
islands	O
are	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
concepts	O
.	O


It	O
wo	O
n't	O
work	O
,	O
either	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
eh	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
is	O
relevant	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Oh	O
,	O
as	O
I	O
just	O
mentioned	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
against	O
a	O
large	O
background	O
that	O
Russia	B-GPE
first	B-ORDINAL
proposed	O
it	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


With	O
,	O
quite	O
a	O
troubled	O
economy	O
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
needed	O
Japanese	B-NORP
investment	O
,	O
needed	O
Japan	B-GPE
to	O
get	O
involved	O
through	O
this	O
channel	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
now	O
that	O
its	O
economy	O
has	O
greatly	O
improved	O
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
does	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
take	O
this	O
diplomatic	O
risk	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
should	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
rather	O
strong	O
nation	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
place	O
,	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
sensitive	O
region	O
for	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
psyche	O
.	O


Any	O
small	O
,	O
small	O
diplomatic	O
or	O
economic	O
action	O
will	O
affect	O
the	O
psyche	O
of	O
Russian	B-NORP
citizens	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
this	O
time	O
,	O
or	O
during	O
his	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
or	O
prior	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
rallies	O
in	O
the	O
Far	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
region	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Sakhalin	B-LOC
area	O
,	O
meant	O
to	O
give	O
many	O
warnings	O
to	O
Putin	B-PERSON
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
Russian	B-NORP
politicians	O
also	O
made	O
many	O
appeals	O
regarding	O
this	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
one	O
Russian	B-NORP
politician	O
stated	O
very	O
clearly	O
that	O
while	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
territory	O
is	O
vast	O
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
does	O
not	O
have	O
territories	O
to	O
spare	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
tough	O
kind	O
of	O
issue	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
as	O
I	O
just	O
said	O
very	O
clearly	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
legal	O
and	O
historical	O
complications	O
,	O
the	O
repeated	O
change	O
of	O
ownership	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
national	O
sentiments	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
are	O
also	O
strategically	O
very	O
important	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
does	O
n't	O
Russia	B-GPE
advocate	O
a	O
double	O
-	O
headed	O
eagle	O
policy	O
?	O


Right	O
,	O
right	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
both	O
a	O
European	B-NORP
and	O
Asian	B-NORP
nation	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
if	O
he	O
wants	O
development	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
wo	O
n't	O
he	O
close	O
the	O
door	O
if	O
he	O
loses	O
hold	O
of	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
now	O
?	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Fisheries	O
.	O


The	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
not	O
only	O
have	O
mineral	O
deposits	O
,	O
oil	O
,	O
and	O
fisheries	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
for	O
military	O
strategy	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
key	O
positions	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
.	O


In	O
the	B-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
,	O
right	O
.	O


Currently	O
Russia	B-GPE
seems	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
low	O
tide	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
stay	O
this	O
way	O
forever	O
.	O


Right	O
,	O
right	O
,	O
right	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
large	O
nation	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
large	O
nation	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
international	O
power	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
none	O
of	O
its	O
leaders	O
can	O
easily	O
give	O
away	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
.	O


,	O
,	O
let	O
me	O
again	O
add	O
some	O
words	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
wants	O
joint	O
development	O
,	O
Japanese	B-NORP
companies	O
and	O
Japanese	B-NORP
influence	O
will	O
enter	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
.	O


Right	O
,	O
right	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
after	O
entering	O
,	O
,	O
economic	O
influence	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
political	O
influence	O
.	O


Currently	O
that	O
would	O
seem	O
to	O
benefit	O
Japan	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
benefit	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Russia	B-GPE
has	O
foreseen	O
the	O
consequences	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
Russia	B-GPE
now	O
rejects	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
originally	O
proposed	O
by	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
rejected	O
by	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
incarnation	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
different	O
political	O
significance	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
issue	O
is	O
a	O
dead	O
knot	O
in	O
bilateral	O
relations	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
untied	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
both	O
are	O
working	O
hard	O
,	O
yet	O
with	O
seemingly	O
little	O
hope	O
in	O
sight	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
how	O
can	O
Japanese	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Russian	I-NORP
relations	O
develop	O
under	O
such	O
circumstances	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
both	O
sides	O
generally	O
know	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
'	O
levels	O
of	O
political	O
operations	O
,	O
knowing	O
that	O
territorial	O
issues	O
are	O
hard	O
to	O
resolve	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
with	O
this	O
issue	O
having	O
gone	O
on	O
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
both	O
sides	O
may	O
have	O
a	O
bottom	O
line	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
say	O
we	O
will	O
stay	O
opposed	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
unresolved	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
like	O
this	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
both	O
sides	O
may	O
become	O
more	O
reasonable	O
on	O
this	O
issue	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
looking	O
farther	O
ahead	O
,	O
normalization	O
of	O
relations	O
will	O
still	O
be	O
gradually	O
developed	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
always	O
get	O
stuck	O
on	O
the	O
territorial	O
issue	O
.	O


But	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
the	O
territorial	O
issue	O
is	O
also	O
quite	O
important	O
and	O
sensitive	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
is	O
unrealistic	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
say	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
breakthrough	O
progress	O
in	O
Japanese	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Russian	I-NORP
relations	O
and	O
that	O
their	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
will	O
suddenly	O
achieve	O
100	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
prospects	O
for	O
Japanese	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Russian	I-NORP
relations	O
are	O
not	O
too	O
good	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
very	O
common	O
,	O
,	O
relatively	O
bland	O
kind	O
of	O
relationship	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
Russian	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Japanese	I-NORP
relations	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
perspective	O
of	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
many	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
large	O
framework	O
of	O
Russian	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Japanese	I-NORP
relations	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Xing	B-PERSON
,	O
how	O
do	O
you	O
view	O
Russian	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Japanese	I-NORP
relations	O
?	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
these	O
basic	O
tones	O
have	O
been	O
set	O
.	O


The	O
main	O
issue	O
is	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
northern	O
islands	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
current	O
signs	O
show	O
that	O
Russia	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
are	O
moving	O
forward	O
on	O
economic	O
issues	O
,	O
on	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
give	O
two	B-CARDINAL
examples	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
example	O
is	O
that	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
Toyota	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
has	O
invested	O
in	O
St.	B-GPE
Petersburg	I-GPE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
Putin	B-PERSON
attended	O
the	O
ribbon	O
-	O
cutting	O
ceremony	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
,	O
quite	O
a	O
clear	O
signal	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
--	O
Japan	B-GPE
has	O
now	O
invested	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
what	O
Japan	B-GPE
hopes	O
to	O
get	O
is	O
,	O
hey	O
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
oil	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Though	O
Russia	B-GPE
did	O
not	O
make	O
a	O
final	O
commitment	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
already	O
a	O
general	O
framework	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
eventually	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
oil	O
pipeline	O
will	O
be	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
Pacific	B-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
port	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
benefit	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
although	O
there	O
are	O
obstacles	O
in	O
bilateral	O
relations	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
still	O
exploring	O
forward	O
movement	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Okay	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
today	B-DATE
we	O
will	O
end	O
our	O
discussion	O
here	O
on	O
the	O
topic	O
of	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
experts	O
for	O
coming	O
to	O
the	O
studio	O
for	O
our	O
interview	O
.	O


Thanks	O
to	O
you	O
two	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Okay	O
,	O
dear	O
viewers	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
all	O
for	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
edition	O
of	O
Focus	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
watching	O
.	O


See	O
you	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
120	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
viewers	O
tuning	O
in	O
to	O
this	O
evening	B-TIME
reception	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
CCTV	B-ORG
report	O
.	O


Dear	O
viewers	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
all	O
for	O
the	O
China	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
program	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
Xu	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
,	O
thank	O
you	O
all	O
for	O
watching	O
!	O


Coming	O
up	O
next	O
,	O
please	O
stay	O
tuned	O
to	O
Focus	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
hosted	O
by	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Shilin	I-PERSON
.	O


Dear	O
viewers	O
,	O
good-bye	O
!	O


News	O
and	O
events	O
happen	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
are	O
interested	O
in	O
is	O
exactly	O
what	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
focusing	O
on	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
CCTV	B-ORG
Focus	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
.	O


A	O
British	B-NORP
newspaper	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
had	O
planned	O
to	O
bomb	O
the	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
.	O


Was	O
this	O
a	O
joke	O
told	O
by	O
US	B-GPE
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
or	O
was	O
it	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
meditated	O
threat	O
?	O


Did	O
British	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Blair	B-PERSON
know	O
nothing	O
about	O
it	O
,	O
or	O
did	O
he	O
succeed	O
in	O
persuading	O
his	O
ally	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
attacks	O
?	O


What	O
exactly	O
is	O
the	O
truth	O
?	O


Why	O
can	O
a	O
TV	O
station	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
Arab	B-NORP
country	O
have	O
US	B-GPE
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
on	O
pins	O
and	O
needles	O
?	O


Focus	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
is	O
coming	O
up	O
in	O
a	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME
.	O


Hello	O
,	O
dear	O
viewers	O
,	O
welcome	O
to	O
Focus	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
.	O


On	O
November	B-DATE
22	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
newspaper	O
Daily	B-ORG
Mirror	I-ORG
revealed	O
that	O
US	B-GPE
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
once	O
planned	O
to	O
bomb	O
the	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
headquarters	O
,	O
setting	O
off	O
a	O
mighty	O
uproar	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
British	B-NORP
nationals	O
charged	O
with	O
leaking	O
the	O
information	O
already	O
appeared	O
in	O
court	O
for	O
interrogation	O
yesterday	B-DATE
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
a	O
report	O
by	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
newspaper	O
the	O
Guardian	B-ORG
,	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
is	O
now	O
considering	O
suing	O
US	B-GPE
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
for	O
this	O
matter	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
what	O
exactly	O
was	O
this	O
incident	O
?	O


Why	O
has	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
become	O
a	O
thorn	O
in	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
side	O
?	O


These	O
are	O
all	O
the	O
topics	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
focusing	O
on	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
honorable	O
guests	O
have	O
been	O
invited	O
to	O
our	O
studio	O
.	O


Let	O
me	O
give	O
you	O
an	O
introduction	O
.	O


One	O
is	O
Mr.	O
Ruan	B-PERSON
Zongze	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Studies	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Ruan	B-PERSON
Zongze	I-PERSON
has	O
done	O
extensive	O
researches	O
on	O
British	B-NORP
and	O
US	B-GPE
issues	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
is	O
Mr.	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Huixuan	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
CIR	B-ORG
chief	O
correspondent	O
based	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
.	O


Hello	O
!	O


Welcome	O
you	O
two	B-CARDINAL
to	O
the	O
studio	O
for	O
our	O
interview	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
program	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
learn	O
about	O
the	O
full	O
context	O
of	O
this	O
incident	O
together	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
first	B-ORDINAL
talk	O
about	O
the	O
Daily	B-ORG
Mirror	I-ORG
article	O
that	O
started	O
it	O
.	O


What	O
we	O
are	O
seeing	O
now	O
on	O
screen	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
popular	O
newspaper	O
in	O
Britain	B-GPE
called	O
the	B-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
Mirror	I-ORG
.	O


Next	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
see	O
;	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
November	B-DATE
22	I-DATE
article	O
.	O


The	O
title	O
goes	O
like	O
this	O
:	O


Exclusive	B-WORK_OF_ART
report	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bush	I-WORK_OF_ART
Planned	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bomb	I-WORK_OF_ART
his	I-WORK_OF_ART
Arab	I-WORK_OF_ART
Ally	I-WORK_OF_ART


Well	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
now	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
content	O
of	O
the	O
article	O
.	O


The	O
article	O
writes	O
that	O
the	O
minutes	O
of	O
a	O
meeting	O
between	O
British	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Blair	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
visiting	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
on	O
April	B-DATE
16	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2004	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
US	B-GPE
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
at	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
showed	O
that	O
Bush	B-PERSON
had	O
intended	O
to	O
take	O
military	O
actions	O
against	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
headquartered	O
in	O
the	O
Qatari	B-NORP
capital	O
of	O
Doha	B-GPE
.	O


Then	O
,	O
Blair	B-PERSON
said	O
to	O
Bush	B-PERSON
that	O
such	O
an	O
action	O
would	O
trigger	O
a	O
worldwide	O
uproar	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
some	O
records	O
of	O
the	O
conversation	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
now	O
look	O
at	O
this	O
article	O
.	O


let	O
's	O
look	O
at	O
this	O
line	O
marked	O
with	O
a	O
black	O
frame	O
,	O
which	O
writes	O
:	O
Undoubtedly	O
Bush	B-PERSON
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


And	O
equally	O
without	O
doubt	O
,	O
Blair	B-PERSON
did	O
not	O
want	O
him	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
happened	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
that	O
our	O
correspondent	O
did	O
an	O
interview	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
al	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Beijing	B-GPE
office	O
today	B-DATE
and	O
happened	O
to	O
videotape	O
the	O
image	O
we	O
are	O
watching	O
now	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
broadcast	O
live	O
by	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
news	O
about	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
plan	O
to	O
bomb	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
we	O
are	O
seeing	O
on	O
screen	O
was	O
exactly	O
transmitted	O
by	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
yesterday	B-DATE
the	O
two	O
British	B-NORP
nationals	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
disclosure	O
of	O
the	O
incident	O
were	O
interrogated	O
by	O
the	O
court	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
here	O
is	O
the	O
scene	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
persons	O
under	O
interrogation	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
also	O
protested	O
several	O
times	O
upon	O
learning	O
the	O
information	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
brief	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
incident	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
regarding	O
this	O
topic	O
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
question	O
today	B-DATE
is	O
that	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
clearly	O
whether	O
this	O
incident	O
was	O
real	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
start	O
with	O
this	O
newspaper	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
Director	O
Yuan	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
also	O
once	O
worked	O
in	O
Britain	B-GPE
.	O


Well	O
,	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
newspaper	O
is	O
the	B-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
Mirror	I-ORG
?	O


It	O
is	O
said	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
very	O
large	O
circulation	O
,	O
but	O
people	O
still	O
call	O
it	O
a	O
tabloid	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
accurate	O
is	O
the	O
news	O
carried	O
by	O
it	O
?	O


This	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


Its	O
circulation	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
largest	O
among	O
British	B-NORP
newspapers	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


But	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
interestingly	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
mainstream	O
newspaper	O
,	O
either	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
it	O
is	O
called	O
a	O
tabloid	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
mainstream	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
British	B-NORP
newspaper	O
industry	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
still	O
called	O
a	O
tabloid	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
placed	O
together	O
with	O
other	O
city	O
newspapers	O
,	O
yet	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
newspaper	O
of	O
national	O
circulation	O
with	O
an	O
extremely	O
powerful	O
influence	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Its	O
influence	O
is	O
mainly	O
on	O
ordinary	O
readers	O
,	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
because	O
most	O
British	B-NORP
newspapers	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
steady	O
readership	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
different	O
levels	O
of	O
readership	O
,	O
ah	O
.	O


Right	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
fairly	O
steady	O
readership	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
newspaper	O
is	O
said	O
to	O
have	O
various	O
kinds	O
of	O
topics	O
appropriate	O
to	O
all	O
ages	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
,	O
uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
so	O
,	O
now	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
seriously	O
consider	O
its	O
authenticity	O
or	O
accuracy	O
.	O


Is	O
the	O
news	O
carried	O
by	O
it	O
credible	O
or	O
not	O
?	O


How	O
much	O
is	O
its	O
accuracy	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
is	O
still	O
quite	O
hard	O
to	O
determine	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
indeed	O
,	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


because	O
I	O
will	O
mainly	O
speak	O
from	O
two	B-CARDINAL
perspectives	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
when	O
the	O
Mirror	B-ORG
got	O
hold	O
of	O
the	O
news	O
,	O
it	O
called	O
10	B-ORG
Downing	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
the	B-TIME
first	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
saying	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
such	O
information	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
,	O
uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
meant	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
whether	O
10	B-ORG
Downing	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
had	O
anything	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
but	O
Downing	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
had	O
no	O
comments	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
news	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
it	O
set	O
off	O
such	O
a	O
mighty	O
uproar	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
point	O
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
point	O
is	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
reaction	O
of	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


What	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
is	O
now	O
asking	O
Britain	B-GPE
to	O
do	O
is	O
to	O
either	O
confirm	O
the	O
news	O
as	O
true	O
or	O
to	O
deny	O
it	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
,	O
uh-huh	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
Britain	B-GPE
has	O
neither	O
said	O
it	O
is	O
true	O
nor	O
said	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
the	O
situation	O
.	O


It	O
did	O
not	O
confirm	O
anything	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
one	B-CARDINAL
detail	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
introduced	O
the	O
context	O
information	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
mentioned	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
staff	O
members	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
leakage	O
of	O
the	O
information	O
.	O


These	O
two	B-CARDINAL
staff	O
members	O
,	O
also	O
considered	O
British	B-NORP
government	O
employees	O
,	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
under	O
interrogation	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
since	O
they	O
are	O
under	O
interrogation	O
,	O
it	O
means	O
they	O
may	O
have	O
indeed	O
divulged	O
the	O
secret	O
.	O


Could	O
this	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
indeed	O
such	O
an	O
incident	O
?	O


There	O
was	O
such	O
an	O
incident	O
,	O
um	O
,	O
uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
there	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
questions	O
involved	O
in	O
this	O
matter	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
is	O
whether	O
there	O
is	O
any	O
secret	O
being	O
divulged	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
is	O
whether	O
the	O
news	O
that	O
Bush	B-PERSON
wanted	O
to	O
bomb	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
these	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
different	O
questions	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Regarding	O
the	O
leakage	O
of	O
the	O
secret	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
the	O
possibility	O
here	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
is	O
really	O
big	O
.	O


What	O
secret	O
exactly	O
was	O
divulged	O
?	O


Um	O
.	O


Because	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
,	O
um	O
,	O
government	O
,	O
um	O
,	O
its	O
Official	B-LAW
Secrets	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
Section	I-LAW
5	I-LAW
,	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
illegal	O
for	O
newspapers	O
or	O
media	O
to	O
publicize	O
indiscreetly	O
government	O
information	O
obtained	O
through	O
unauthorized	O
channels	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
suspected	O
of	O
violating	O
this	O
section	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
why	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
sued	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
in	O
a	O
preliminary	O
stage	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
and	O
yesterday	B-DATE
a	O
hearing	O
lasting	O
only	O
15	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
was	O
held	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
people	O
denied	O
they	O
were	O
guilty	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
now	O
it	O
will	O
still	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
a	O
quite	O
lengthy	O
judicial	O
procedure	O
.	O


Eh	O
,	O
in	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
although	O
they	O
were	O
interrogated	O
,	O
whether	O
the	O
secret	O
leaked	O
was	O
something	O
like	O
our	O
topic	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
Bush	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
bomb	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
,	O
whether	O
the	O
secret	O
divulged	O
was	O
this	O
record	O
,	O
these	O
are	O
still	O
two	B-CARDINAL
different	O
things	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
this	O
because	O
this	O
is	O
about	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
memo	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
should	O
be	O
closely	O
related	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


On	O
April	B-DATE
16	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
when	O
Blair	B-PERSON
was	O
visiting	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
they	O
had	O
some	O
exchange	O
between	O
them	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
how	O
this	O
memo	O
came	O
into	O
being	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
about	O
five	B-CARDINAL
pages	O
long	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
memo	O
,	O
Bush	B-PERSON
seemed	O
to	O
imply	O
that	O
he	O
probably	O
wanted	O
to	O
bomb	O
this	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
Blair	B-PERSON
tried	O
his	O
best	O
to	O
persuade	O
him	O
not	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
very	O
authenticity	O
of	O
the	O
incident	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
still	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
government	O
or	O
US	B-GPE
government	O
.	O


They	O
need	O
to	O
come	O
out	O
for	O
making	O
clarification	O
and	O
judgment	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Wu	B-PERSON
,	O
we	O
know	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
you	O
worked	O
as	O
a	O
reporter	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
and	O
were	O
very	O
familiar	O
with	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
do	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
this	O
incident	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
real	O
or	O
not	O
?	O


Um	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
that	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
wanted	O
to	O
bomb	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
because	O
all	O
the	O
things	O
reported	O
by	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
since	O
its	O
establishment	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
were	O
those	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
did	O
not	O
want	O
viewers	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
,	O
especially	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
Afghan	B-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
and	O
Iraq	B-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


What	O
they	O
reported	O
was	O
entirely	O
incompatible	O
with	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
freedom	O
of	O
the	O
press	O
advocated	O
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
attacked	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
several	O
times	O
.	O


It	O
happened	O
once	O
that	O
when	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
er	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
that	O
Defense	O
Secretary	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
visited	O
Qatar	B-GPE
,	O
they	O
,	O
put	O
pressure	O
on	O
the	O
Qatari	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
saying	O
you	O
should	O
not	O
broadcast	O
these	O
news	O
items	O
that	O
were	O
harmful	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
later	O
,	O
under	O
such	O
circumstances	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
the	O
director	O
of	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
was	O
replaced	O
once	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Under	O
his	O
pressure	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
the	O
leader	O
of	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
,	O
Jazeera	B-ORG
,	O
ah	O
,	O
Qatar	B-GPE
replied	O
that	O
we	O
advocate	O
the	O
same	O
freedom	O
of	O
the	O
press	O
as	O
the	O
freedom	O
of	O
the	O
press	O
in	O
your	O
country	O
and	O
that	O
our	O
government	O
has	O
no	O
right	O
to	O
interfere	O
with	O
what	O
is	O
being	O
reported	O
by	O
a	O
private	O
TV	O
station	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
your	O
judgment	O
,	O
this	O
incident	O
was	O
possible	O
because	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
has	O
long	O
considered	O
it	O
a	O
thorn	O
in	O
its	O
flesh	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
government	O
or	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
president	O
had	O
such	O
an	O
idea	O
,	O
you	O
think	O
many	O
people	O
may	O
easily	O
believe	O
it	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
such	O
possibility	O
.	O


Right	O
,	O
yes	O
.	O


All	O
right	O
,	O
regarding	O
whether	O
this	O
incident	O
was	O
real	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
you	O
two	B-CARDINAL
,	O
eh	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
indeed	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
information	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
no	O
waves	O
without	O
wind	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Right	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
waves	O
without	O
wind	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
this	O
incident	O
probably	O
does	O
have	O
some	O
basis	O
.	O


Some	O
basis	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
now	O
focus	O
on	O
this	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
fact	O
,	O
when	O
we	O
watch	O
TV	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
see	O
many	O
news	O
services	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
CNN	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
BBC	B-ORG
,	O
often	O
replaying	O
footage	O
by	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
logo	O
is	O
on	O
,	O
people	O
should	O
be	O
quite	O
familiar	O
with	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


The	O
station	O
logo	O
,	O
right	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


But	O
how	O
did	O
this	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
rise	O
to	O
fame	O
competing	O
with	O
so	O
many	O
Western	B-NORP
media	O
outlets	O
in	O
news	O
coverage	O
?	O


Let	O
's	O
learn	O
about	O
this	O
through	O
another	O
background	O
video	O
clip	O
.	O


Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
,	O
established	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
1996	I-DATE
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
an	O
Arabic	B-LANGUAGE
-	I-LANGUAGE
language	I-LANGUAGE
news	O
TV	O
station	O
broadcasting	O
global	O
news	O
and	O
reports	O
nonstop	O
around	O
the	O
clock	O
.	O


Its	O
staff	O
all	O
comes	O
from	O
various	O
Arab	B-NORP
countries	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
viewership	O
has	O
reached	O
50	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Prior	O
to	O
its	O
establishment	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
no	O
Arabic	B-LANGUAGE
-	I-LANGUAGE
language	I-LANGUAGE
TV	O
station	O
broadcasting	O
news	O
nonstop	O
around	O
the	O
clock	O
in	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
world	O
.	O


In	O
September	B-DATE
2001	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
9	B-EVENT
/	I-EVENT
11	I-EVENT
attacks	O
broke	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


On	O
October	B-DATE
7	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
Britain	B-GPE
launched	O
military	O
strikes	O
on	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
another	O
news	O
war	O
erupted	O
in	O
the	O
international	O
media	O
community	O
.	O


When	O
people	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
expected	O
to	O
watch	O
the	O
live	O
broadcast	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
they	O
could	O
only	O
see	O
a	O
few	O
blurry	O
images	O
on	O
TV	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
little	O
known	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
based	O
in	O
the	O
small	O
Gulf	B-LOC
country	O
of	O
Qatar	B-GPE
suddenly	O
emerged	O
to	O
broadcast	O
the	O
progress	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Afghan	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
in	O
Arabic	B-LANGUAGE
language	I-LANGUAGE
and	O
mobilized	O
its	O
27	B-CARDINAL
reporting	O
stations	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
conduct	O
an	O
around	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
clock	O
follow	O
up	O
coverage	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
regime	O
announced	O
that	O
reporters	O
from	O
all	O
countries	O
were	O
banned	O
from	O
entering	O
the	O
territory	O
of	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
,	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
that	O
could	O
enter	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
-	O
controlled	O
area	O
.	O


Taking	O
such	O
an	O
advantage	O
,	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
started	O
to	O
establish	O
its	O
unique	O
leading	O
position	O
in	O
covering	O
the	B-EVENT
Afghan	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
with	O
its	O
frequent	O
live	O
broadcast	O
of	O
missile	O
attacks	O
on	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
capital	O
of	O
Kabul	B-GPE
.	O


During	O
the	O
war	O
,	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
continued	O
to	O
broadcast	O
exclusive	O
news	O
and	O
images	O
under	O
its	O
logo	O
and	O
sell	O
them	O
to	O
competitors	O
at	O
the	O
high	O
price	O
of	O
20,000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
per	O
minute	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
searched	O
everywhere	O
for	O
information	O
on	O
bin	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
in	O
vain	O
,	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
frequently	O
aired	O
the	O
footage	O
of	O
bin	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
making	O
a	O
speech	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Wu	B-PERSON
,	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
happened	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
when	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
was	O
just	O
established	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
.	O


Right	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
you	O
were	O
said	O
to	O
have	O
attended	O
the	O
inaugural	O
broadcast	O
ceremony	O
.	O


What	O
did	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
look	O
like	O
when	O
it	O
just	O
started	O
broadcasting	O
?	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
news	O
broadcast	O
style	O
was	O
featured	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
?	O


Er	O
,	O
they	O
held	O
an	O
inaugural	O
broadcast	O
ceremony	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
1996	I-DATE
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


We	O
reporters	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
were	O
also	O
invited	O
to	O
attend	O
this	O
inaugural	O
broadcast	O
ceremony	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
n't	O
many	O
people	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


But	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
its	O
establishment	O
,	O
this	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
already	O
had	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
foundation	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
reporters	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Why	O
?	O


In	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
um	O
,	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
Arabic	B-ORG
Language	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
Station	I-ORG
was	O
shut	O
down	O
due	O
to	O
funding	O
problems	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
seized	O
this	O
opportunity	O
to	O
get	O
hold	O
of	O
,	O
this	O
entire	O
group	O
of	O
people	O
by	O
hiring	O
them	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
as	O
their	O
reporters	O
,	O
editors	O
,	O
or	O
anchors	O
at	O
high	O
salaries	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
they	O
had	O
a	O
relatively	O
good	O
team	O
of	O
reporters	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
later	O
it	O
followed	B-NORP
that	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
er	B-CARDINAL
,	O
,	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
six	B-CARDINAL
-	O
Chinese	B-NORP
-	O
character	O
principle	O
of	O
news	O
reporting	O
called	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
independence	O
,	O
neutrality	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
neutrality	O
,	O
balance	O
,	O
and	O
freedom	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
what	O
it	O
reported	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
completely	O
different	O
style	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
some	O
other	O
Arab	B-NORP
TV	O
stations	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
respect	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
let	O
me	O
add	O
one	B-CARDINAL
point	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
this	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
its	O
style	O
is	O
very	O
much	O
characterized	O
by	O
direct	O
borrowing	O
from	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
mainstream	O
media	O
outlets	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
is	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
is	O
BBC	B-ORG
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
BBC	B-ORG
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
has	O
quite	O
a	O
big	O
influence	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


Just	O
now	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
its	O
reporters	O
directly	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
channel	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
jointly	O
run	O
by	O
BBC	B-ORG
and	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
.	O


So	O
it	O
had	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
foundation	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
actually	O
,	O
this	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
has	O
a	O
quite	O
unique	O
structure	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
because	O
the	O
emir	O
of	O
this	O
country	O
is	O
called	O
Hamad	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
studied	O
in	O
Britain	B-GPE
and	O
therefore	O
had	O
quite	O
a	O
good	O
knowledge	O
of	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
BBC	B-ORG
TV	O
station	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
quite	O
admired	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
borrowed	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
BBC	B-ORG
style	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
BBC	B-ORG
is	O
a	O
very	O
old	O
TV	O
group	O
established	O
in	O
1927	B-DATE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Though	O
it	O
is	O
funded	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
with	O
many	O
of	O
its	O
properties	O
owned	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
it	O
still	O
follows	O
the	O
guideline	O
of	O
editorial	O
independence	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
top	O
decision	O
-	O
making	O
body	O
of	O
BBC	B-ORG
is	O
called	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
directors	O
which	O
are	O
composed	O
of	O
twelve	B-CARDINAL
members	O
directly	O
appointed	O
by	O
the	O
Queen	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
has	O
also	O
adopted	O
this	O
structure	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
a	O
top	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
-	O
member	O
board	O
of	O
directors	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
its	O
property	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
and	O
funds	O
can	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
it	O
still	O
relatively	O
has	O
its	O
editorial	O
independence	O
.	O


Eh	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
essence	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Wu	B-PERSON
,	O
is	O
it	O
really	O
a	O
private	O
TV	O
station	O
or	O
a	O
government	O
-	O
run	O
TV	O
station	O
?	O


Er	O
,	O
they	O
themselves	O
claim	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
private	O
TV	O
station	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
reality	O
it	O
could	O
not	O
have	O
been	O
established	O
without	O
a	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
financial	O
support	O
given	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
because	O
it	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
has	O
an	O
extremely	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
ads	O
during	O
its	O
around	O
the	O
clock	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
TV	O
broadcast	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
such	O
a	O
large	O
team	O
,	O
especially	O
with	O
high	O
,	O
high	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
wages	O
,	O
and	O
reporters	O
based	O
abroad	O
,	O
so	O
many	O
reporters	O
abroad	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
government	O
had	O
not	O
supported	O
such	O
expenditures	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
impossible	O
for	O
a	O
private	O
TV	O
station	O
to	O
survive	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
your	O
knowledge	O
,	O
how	O
much	O
is	O
its	O
yearly	O
expenditure	O
?	O


It	O
was	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
yearly	O
expenditures	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
about	O
7	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


About	O
7	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
that	O
is	O
equivalent	O
to	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
.	O


We	O
should	O
say	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
huge	O
financial	O
expenditure	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Extremely	O
large	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
some	O
people	O
call	O
it	O
gaining	O
voice	O
but	O
losing	O
money	O
because	O
it	O
has	O
relatively	O
small	O
revenues	O
due	O
to	O
few	O
ads	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
tremendous	O
influence	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
it	O
appears	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
not	O
bad	O
in	O
gaining	O
voice	O
as	O
it	O
does	O
achieve	O
some	O
effect	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Ha	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
speaking	O
of	O
its	O
influence	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
also	O
noticed	O
that	O
er	O
,	O
during	O
the	B-EVENT
Afghan	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
,	O
er	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
has	O
the	O
exclusive	O
interview	O
right	O
to	O
enter	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
to	O
conduct	O
independent	O
and	O
exclusive	O
interviews	O
,	O
we	O
could	O
say	O
this	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
advantages	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
presented	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
it	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
TV	O
station	O
,	O
both	O
opportunity	O
and	O
real	O
strength	O
are	O
actually	O
very	O
important	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
as	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
has	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
develop	O
into	O
its	O
current	O
status	O
,	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
has	O
it	O
relied	O
upon	O
so	O
that	O
its	O
competitiveness	O
and	O
influential	O
power	O
,	O
even	O
surpassed	O
CNN	B-ORG
and	O
BBC	B-ORG
during	O
the	B-EVENT
Iraq	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
?	O


The	O
greatest	O
feature	O
of	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
small	O
station	O
that	O
competes	O
with	O
large	O
ones	O
and	O
has	O
become	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
through	O
wars	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
reason	O
why	O
it	O
can	O
establish	O
itself	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
first	B-ORDINAL
relied	O
on	O
the	B-EVENT
Afghan	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
,	O
and	O
then	O
the	B-EVENT
Iraq	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
after	O
the	B-EVENT
9	I-EVENT
/	I-EVENT
11	I-EVENT
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
it	O
made	O
full	O
use	O
of	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
opportunities	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
as	O
the	B-EVENT
Iraq	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
occurred	O
right	O
in	O
an	O
Arab	B-NORP
country	O
,	O
everyone	O
is	O
very	O
much	O
concerned	O
with	O
what	O
is	O
going	O
on	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
this	O
provides	O
it	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
viewership	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
instantly	O
famous	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Besides	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
resources	O
,	O
including	O
its	O
exclusive	O
coverage	O
right	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
as	O
you	O
mentioned	O
just	O
now	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
,	O
uh-huh	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
is	O
actually	O
quite	O
unique	O
in	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
region	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
a	O
very	O
tough	O
conflict	O
in	O
this	O
region	O
is	O
the	O
conflict	O
between	O
Palestine	B-NORP
and	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
Arabs	B-NORP
will	O
not	O
invite	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
leader	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
speech	O
on	O
their	O
TV	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
for	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
invite	O
Barak	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
prime	O
minister	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
to	O
deliver	O
a	O
speech	O
at	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
unprecedented	O
in	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
world	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
also	O
gave	O
it	O
a	O
very	O
unique	O
perspective	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
the	O
reason	O
why	O
it	O
is	O
successful	O
,	O
to	O
put	O
it	O
simply	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
mainly	O
relies	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
very	O
professional	O
news	O
team	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
a	O
very	O
talented	O
team	O
,	O
eh	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
looks	O
at	O
major	O
events	O
as	O
they	O
happen	O
from	O
the	O
unique	O
perspective	O
of	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
region	O
or	O
Arab	B-NORP
world	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
favorable	O
opportunities	O
and	O
geographical	O
conditions	O
also	O
helped	O
because	O
people	O
involved	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Afghan	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
and	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
were	O
mostly	O
Arabs	B-NORP
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
from	O
Arab	B-NORP
countries	O
.	O


They	O
spoke	O
the	B-LANGUAGE
Arabic	I-LANGUAGE
language	I-LANGUAGE
.	O


Well	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
the	O
opportunity	O
.	O


In	O
particular	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
the	B-EVENT
,	I-EVENT
Iraq	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
,	O
which	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
the	B-EVENT
,	I-EVENT
Iraq	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
,	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
I	O
know	O
,	O
among	O
foreign	O
media	O
teams	O
dispatched	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
for	O
coverage	O
,	O
I	O
should	O
say	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
from	O
Qatar	B-GPE
's	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
powerful	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
had	O
three	B-CARDINAL
reporting	O
stations	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
group	O
in	O
the	O
south	O
in	O
Basra	B-GPE
,	O
well	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
group	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
still	O
another	O
group	O
in	O
the	O
north	O
in	O
Mosul	B-GPE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
was	O
basically	O
covering	O
the	O
,	O
um	O
,	O
Iraq	B-GPE
war	O
from	O
all	O
perspectives	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
it	O
surely	O
surpassed	O
some	O
Western	B-NORP
media	O
in	O
covering	O
the	B-EVENT
Iraq	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
in	O
certain	O
areas	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


We	O
could	O
say	O
it	O
owed	O
its	O
success	O
to	O
good	O
opportunities	O
,	O
which	O
it	O
seized	O
;	O


Yes	O
.	O


favorable	O
geographical	O
conditions	O
;	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
it	O
happens	O
to	O
be	O
located	O
geographically	O
in	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
world	O
;	O


Yeah	O
.	O


and	O
also	O
harmonious	O
human	O
conditions	O
;	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
very	O
rounded	O
and	O
talented	O
team	O
.	O


Er	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
why	O
it	O
is	O
highly	O
influential	O
and	O
competitive	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
becoming	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
influential	O
and	O
competitive	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
also	O
become	O
a	O
thorn	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
side	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
today	B-DATE
we	O
should	O
say	O
we	O
have	O
just	O
given	O
an	O
introduction	O
of	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
next	O
let	O
's	O
learn	O
about	O
more	O
.	O


What	O
conflicts	O
are	O
there	O
between	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
and	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
?	O


Why	O
has	O
it	O
become	O
a	O
thorn	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
side	O
?	O


Since	O
it	O
gained	O
instant	O
fame	O
during	O
the	B-EVENT
Afghan	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
,	O
the	O
style	O
of	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
in	O
pursuit	O
of	O
the	O
freedom	O
of	O
the	O
press	O
and	O
independence	O
has	O
gradually	O
won	O
widespread	O
international	O
attention	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
conflict	O
between	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
and	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
increasing	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
reports	O
,	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Powell	B-PERSON
repeatedly	O
expressed	O
their	O
strong	O
displeasure	O
with	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
Qatari	B-NORP
leaders	O
,	O
demanding	O
its	O
government	O
to	O
restrain	O
it	O
more	O
firmly	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
government	O
thinks	O
that	O
radicals	O
,	O
anti-American	B-NORP
and	O
religious	O
commentators	O
have	O
become	O
frequent	O
guests	O
at	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


In	O
particular	O
,	O
bin	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
has	O
chosen	O
it	O
as	O
his	O
exclusive	O
information	O
release	O
agency	O
,	O
endowing	O
it	O
with	O
a	O
unique	O
advantage	O
.	O


All	O
these	O
made	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
hate	O
and	O
fear	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O


Officials	O
of	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
called	O
it	O
Osama	B-PERSON
's	O
TV	O
station	O
on	O
different	O
occasions	O
because	O
bin	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
full	O
name	O
is	O
Osama	B-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
.	O


During	O
the	B-EVENT
Iraq	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
,	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
not	O
only	O
broadcast	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
and	O
Blair	B-PERSON
's	O
impassioned	O
pre-war	O
speeches	O
and	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
coalition	O
troops	O
marching	O
toward	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
also	O
broadcast	O
the	O
bloody	O
bodies	O
of	O
civilians	O
next	O
to	O
bombed	O
cars	O
.	O


The	O
video	O
camera	O
scanned	O
over	O
the	O
corpses	O
of	O
coalition	O
troops	O
killed	O
by	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
military	O
,	O
and	O
over	O
that	O
little	O
tearful	O
boy	O
with	O
bandages	O
around	O
his	O
head	O
,	O
crying	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
see	O
the	O
war	O
on	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
TV	O
as	O
an	O
electronic	O
game	O
and	O
grand	O
display	O
of	O
smoke	O
and	O
fire	O
,	O
then	O
from	O
the	O
footage	O
by	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
,	O
you	O
see	O
the	O
war	O
only	O
as	O
hell	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
still	O
remember	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
during	O
the	B-EVENT
Afghan	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
and	O
the	B-EVENT
Iraq	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
,	O
we	O
could	O
often	O
see	O
on	O
screen	O
the	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
footage	O
such	O
as	O
bin	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
and	O
some	O
other	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
leaders	O
giving	O
speeches	O
.	O


Ah	O
,	O
moreover	O
,	O
the	O
footage	O
that	O
many	O
other	O
TV	O
stations	O
were	O
using	O
also	O
basically	O
came	O
from	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
Americans	B-NORP
,	O
said	O
that	O
since	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
broadcast	O
these	O
activities	O
of	O
terrorists	O
,	O
it	O
must	O
be	O
colluding	O
with	O
terrorists	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
always	O
thought	O
that	O
there	O
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
some	O
subtle	O
relationship	O
between	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
and	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
.	O


Taciturn	O
agreement	O
.	O


Taciturn	O
agreement	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Taciturn	O
agreement	O
.	O


Right	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Wu	B-PERSON
,	O
how	O
do	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
this	O
issue	O
?	O


This	O
may	O
have	O
something	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
good	O
opportunities	O
and	O
favorable	O
geographical	O
conditions	O
mentioned	O
earlier	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Since	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
people	O
were	O
all	O
Arabs	B-NORP
,	O
they	O
tried	O
by	O
various	O
means	O
to	O
gain	O
the	O
information	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
expand	O
their	O
own	O
influence	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
consistent	O
practice	O
of	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
goes	O
with	O
the	B-EVENT
Iraq	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
.	O


They	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
also	O
speak	O
Arabic	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
right	O
?	O


Another	O
Arabic	B-NORP
nationality	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


What	O
they	O
reported	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
was	O
very	O
much	O
welcomed	O
and	O
favored	O
by	O
Arab	B-NORP
viewers	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
because	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
reported	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
Western	B-NORP
media	O
reports	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
their	O
fame	O
grows	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
it	O
indeed	O
inspires	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
patriotic	O
or	O
nationalistic	O
sentiments	O
among	O
Arab	B-NORP
countries	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
,	O
this	O
point	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
benefits	O
from	O
the	O
hard	O
work	O
of	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
from	O
the	O
perspective	O
of	O
Arabs	B-NORP
that	O
it	O
looks	O
at	O
the	O
war	O
or	O
also	O
looks	O
at	O
major	O
events	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
when	O
it	O
makes	O
a	O
report	O
,	O
its	O
perspective	O
,	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
possible	O
outcome	O
or	O
some	O
process	O
of	O
its	O
analysis	O
are	O
different	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
reports	O
by	O
the	O
Western	O
mainstream	O
media	O
such	O
as	O
CNN	B-ORG
and	O
BBC	B-ORG
.	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
exactly	O
because	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
necessarily	O
linked	O
with	O
any	O
other	O
organizations	O
,	O
simply	O
because	O
it	O
reports	O
the	O
war	O
using	O
a	O
different	O
voice	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
target	O
of	O
attacks	O
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
or	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
regarding	O
this	O
incident	O
,	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
reaction	O
did	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
have	O
?	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
much	O
information	O
right	O
now	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
our	O
correspondents	O
went	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
interview	O
at	O
the	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
's	O
Beijing	B-GPE
office	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
they	O
asked	O
their	O
office	O
administrator	O
named	O
Ezzat	B-PERSON
,	O
ah	O
,	O
the	O
question	O
why	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
threatened	O
to	O
bomb	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
?	O


He	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
China	B-GPE
expert	O
and	O
speaks	O
excellent	O
Chinese	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


Let	O
's	O
hear	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


--	O
In	O
the	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
region	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
currently	O
,	O
,	O
some	O
US	B-GPE
officials	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
many	O
Democrat	B-NORP
officials	O
,	O
they	O
admitted	O
that	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
policies	O
on	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
eh	O
,	O
region	O
have	O
many	O
mistakes	O
.	O


Er	O
,	O
this	O
point	O
must	O
be	O
acknowledged	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
up	O
till	O
now	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
,	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
assume	O
responsibility	O
for	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
there	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
it	O
wanted	O
to	O
blame	O
its	O
mistakes	O
in	O
this	O
region	O
on	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
it	O
is	O
because	O
some	O
things	O
are	O
in	O
conflict	O
with	O
its	O
interests	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
when	O
I	O
report	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
report	O
for	O
the	O
sake	O
of	O
making	O
somebody	O
happy	O
or	O
not	O
making	O
somebody	O
unhappy	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
my	O
principle	O
,	O
nor	O
is	O
my	O
job	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
footage	O
we	O
broadcast	O
did	O
not	O
conform	O
to	O
its	O
interests	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
started	O
to	O
put	O
this	O
restrictive	O
measure	O
in	O
retaliation	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
the	O
issue	O
is	O
not	O
that	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
is	O
making	O
anti-American	B-NORP
reports	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
government	O
is	O
carrying	O
out	O
some	O
measures	O
and	O
work	O
against	O
these	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
region	O
and	O
against	O
the	O
world	O
peace	O
.	O


As	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
reporting	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Fallujah	B-GPE
.	O


Our	O
reporter	O
also	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
almost	O
had	O
an	O
accident	O
there	O
as	O
several	O
shots	O
were	O
purposely	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
fired	O
at	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
Secretary	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
also	O
directly	O
blamed	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


Er	O
,	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
reporter	O
said	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
was	O
groundless	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
later	O
,	O
did	O
we	O
say	O
anything	O
later	O
?	O


We	O
stopped	O
talking	O
.	O


We	O
then	O
showed	O
viewers	O
facts	O
and	O
let	O
the	O
images	O
speak	O
by	O
themselves	O
.	O


We	O
did	O
not	O
do	O
anything	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


Our	O
reporters	O
were	O
forced	O
not	O
to	O
make	O
any	O
commentaries	O
or	O
any	O
reports	O
.	O


We	O
simply	O
showed	O
people	O
the	O
footage	O
about	O
Fallujah	B-GPE
.	O


Well	O
,	O
the	O
facts	O
may	O
not	O
conform	O
to	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
.	O


Uh-huh	O
,	O
uh-huh	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
he	O
mentioned	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
here	O
.	O


Ah	O
,	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
this	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
unique	O
perspective	O
,	O
is	O
different	O
from	O
what	O
is	O
expected	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


At	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
famous	O
saying	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
listens	O
to	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
or	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
watches	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
then	O
whom	O
does	O
CNN	B-ORG
watch	O
or	O
listen	O
to	O
?	O


That	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
issue	O
of	O
the	O
right	O
of	O
speech	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
has	O
long	O
been	O
suppressing	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
al	B-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
's	O
office	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
was	O
bombed	O
in	O
2001	B-DATE
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
in	O
2003	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
's	O
office	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
was	O
also	O
bombed	O
.	O


On	O
April	B-DATE
8	I-DATE
,	O
its	O
reporting	O
station	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
was	O
bombed	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
reporter	O
was	O
killed	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
currently	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
reporters	O
is	O
still	O
detained	O
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
at	O
the	O
Guantanamo	B-FAC
military	O
base	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Eh	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
said	O
that	O
a	O
Sudanese	B-NORP
correspondent	O
from	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
was	O
arrested	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
and	O
has	O
been	O
detained	O
ever	O
since	O
at	O
this	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
base	O
at	O
Guantanamo	B-FAC
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


We	O
could	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
suppressing	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
for	O
quite	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
through	O
what	O
Ezzat	B-PERSON
said	O
himself	O
,	O
he	O
also	O
thought	O
he	O
was	O
innocent	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


He	O
basically	O
also	O
blamed	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


Well	O
,	O
will	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
really	O
sue	O
US	B-GPE
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
?	O


Will	O
US	B-GPE
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
have	O
any	O
occasion	O
or	O
opportunity	O
to	O
have	O
this	O
matter	O
clarified	O
?	O


Would	O
you	O
please	O
analyze	O
how	O
this	O
incident	O
will	O
develop	O
next	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
actually	O
entered	O
into	O
a	O
certain	O
judicial	O
procedure	O
in	O
some	O
sense	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
judicial	O
authority	O
has	O
already	O
brought	O
charges	O
against	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
officials	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
suspected	O
of	O
disclosing	O
secret	O
documents	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
now	O
we	O
have	O
seen	O
that	O
the	O
director	O
of	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
has	O
also	O
flown	O
to	O
London	B-GPE
to	O
demand	O
an	O
explanation	O
from	O
Blair	B-PERSON
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


To	O
bring	O
up	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
.	O


Right	O
?	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
right	O
now	O
it	O
is	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
stay	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
as	O
a	O
topic	O
of	O
public	O
commentaries	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
stay	O
as	O
a	O
topic	O
of	O
public	O
commentaries	O
,	O
because	O
if	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
indeed	O
had	O
such	O
a	O
plan	O
,	O
then	O
,	O
the	O
freedom	O
of	O
speech	O
it	O
advocates	O
will	O
be	O
again	O
greatly	O
discounted	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
like	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
,	O
they	O
made	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
efforts	O
in	O
controlling	O
the	O
right	O
of	O
speech	O
in	O
the	O
international	O
mainstream	O
media	O
.	O


This	O
reminds	O
me	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
1999	I-DATE
.	O


During	O
the	B-EVENT
Kosovo	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
blew	O
up	O
the	O
radio	O
station	O
of	O
,	O
the	O
former	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
indeed	O
blew	O
up	O
this	O
radio	O
station	O
of	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
later	O
,	O
the	O
Westerners	B-NORP
themselves	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
admitted	O
that	O
the	O
reason	O
why	O
it	O
won	O
the	B-EVENT
Kosovo	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
was	O
to	O
a	O
large	O
extent	O
that	O
they	O
won	O
the	O
other	O
party	O
in	O
public	O
opinion	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
seems	O
that	O
this	O
incident	O
will	O
again	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
public	O
opinion	O
war	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


After	O
this	O
incident	O
was	O
exposed	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
al	O
-	O
Jazeera	O
,	O
TV	O
station	O
issued	O
a	O
statement	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


The	O
main	O
idea	O
of	O
the	O
statement	O
was	O
,	O
eh	O
,	O
that	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
station	O
has	O
always	O
followed	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
impartiality	O
,	O
neutrality	O
,	O
and	O
balance	O
in	O
news	O
coverage	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


For	O
that	O
purpose	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
seriously	O
investigating	O
the	O
news	O
about	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
plan	O
to	O
bomb	O
the	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
headquarters	O
in	O
reported	O
by	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
newspaper	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
hopes	O
that	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
government	O
can	O
explain	O
this	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


Right	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
this	O
incident	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
develops	O
,	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
things	O
worthy	O
of	O
our	O
attention	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
as	O
we	O
are	O
running	O
out	O
of	O
time	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
let	O
's	O
end	O
our	O
discussion	O
here	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
two	B-CARDINAL
very	O
much	O
for	O
participating	O
in	O
our	O
program	O
.	O


Thanks	O
!	O


Uh-huh	O
.	O


All	O
right	O
,	O
dear	O
viewers	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
all	O
for	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
edition	O
of	O
Focus	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
watching	O
.	O


Good-bye	O
.	O


Good	O
evening	O
,	O
dear	O
viewers	O
.	O


Tomorrow	B-DATE
there	O
will	O
be	O
two	B-CARDINAL
significant	O
weather	O
changes	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
scope	O
of	O
precipitation	O
in	O
the	O
South	B-LOC
will	O
significantly	O
increase	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
will	O
further	O
spread	O
to	O
Hubei	B-GPE
and	O
Hunan	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
spite	O
of	O
being	O
overcast	O
and	O
frigid	O
,	O
rainfall	O
will	O
also	O
bring	O
cleaner	O
air	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
south	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
plagued	O
with	O
smog	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
another	O
significant	O
change	O
will	O
occur	O
in	O
the	O
most	O
part	O
of	O
Eastern	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
.	O


Affected	O
by	O
cold	O
air	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
generally	O
windy	O
here	O
with	O
temperature	O
drops	O
.	O


From	O
tonight	B-TIME
through	I-TIME
tomorrow	I-TIME
,	O
temperatures	O
will	O
significantly	O
drop	O
4	B-CARDINAL
to	O
8	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
in	O
places	O
from	O
northeast	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
North	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
to	O
the	B-GPE
Huang	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Huai	I-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
Jiang	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Huai	I-GPE
regions	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
this	O
cold	O
wave	O
will	O
be	O
coming	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
after	I-DATE
tomorrow	I-DATE
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
this	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
stronger	O
cold	O
current	O
will	O
enter	O
Xinjiang	B-GPE
in	O
our	O
country	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
days	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
bring	O
a	O
new	O
round	O
of	O
temperature	O
drops	O
in	O
the	O
most	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


All	O
right	O
,	O
next	O
let	O
's	O
take	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
city	O
weather	O
forecasts	O
.	O


Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
cloudy	O
changing	O
to	O
sunny	O
,	O
to	O
6	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Harbin	B-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
,	O
14	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
below	I-QUANTITY
zero	I-QUANTITY
to	O
6	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
below	I-QUANTITY
zero	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Changchun	B-GPE
,	O
light	O
snow	O
changing	O
to	O
cloudy	O
,	O
11	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
below	I-QUANTITY
zero	I-QUANTITY
to	O
5	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
below	I-QUANTITY
zero	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Xi'an	B-GPE
,	O
mostly	O
cloudy	O
changing	O
to	O
overcast	O
,	O
to	O
9	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Shijiazhuang	B-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
,	O
1	B-CARDINAL
to	O
10	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Nanjing	B-GPE
,	O
mostly	O
cloudy	O
changing	O
to	O
overcast	O
,	O
6	B-CARDINAL
to	O
13	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
cloudy	O
,	O
18	B-CARDINAL
to	O
24	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Guangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
,	O
17	B-CARDINAL
to	O
26	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Dalian	B-GPE
,	O
overcast	O
changing	O
to	O
mostly	O
cloudy	O
,	O
to	O
4	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Changzhou	B-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
changing	O
to	O
cloudy	O
,	O
5	B-CARDINAL
to	O
13	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Luoyang	B-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
changing	O
to	O
cloudy	O
,	O
3	B-CARDINAL
to	O
11	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Bangkok	B-GPE
,	O
cloudy	O
,	O
25	B-CARDINAL
to	O
32	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


New	B-GPE
Delhi	I-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
,	O
10	B-CARDINAL
to	O
24	B-QUANTITY
degree	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Seoul	B-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
,	O
2	B-CARDINAL
to	O
10	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Tokyo	B-GPE
,	O
sunny	O
,	O
7	B-CARDINAL
to	O
14	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


London	B-GPE
,	O
overcast	O
,	O
5	B-CARDINAL
to	O
9	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
overcast	O
changing	O
to	O
moderate	O
snow	O
,	O
2	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
below	I-QUANTITY
zero	I-QUANTITY
to	O
1	B-QUANTITY
degree	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Paris	B-GPE
,	O
cloudy	O
,	O
1	B-QUANTITY
degree	I-QUANTITY
below	I-QUANTITY
zero	I-QUANTITY
to	O
4	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Vienna	B-GPE
,	O
cloudy	O
,	O
1	B-QUANTITY
degree	I-QUANTITY
below	I-QUANTITY
zero	I-QUANTITY
to	O
2	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
cloudy	O
,	O
5	B-CARDINAL
to	O
13	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Seattle	B-GPE
,	O
sleet	O
changing	O
to	O
medium	O
snow	O
,	O
to	O
3	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Washington	B-GPE
,	O
overcast	O
,	O
8	B-CARDINAL
to	O


Sunday	B-DATE
the	O
interview	O
with	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Shapiro	I-PERSON
/.	O


Newsnight	B-WORK_OF_ART
returns	O
to	O
duo	O
action	O
tonight	B-TIME
/.	O


The	O
co-hosts	O
are	O
Kira	B-PERSON
Phillips	I-PERSON
and	O
Rick	B-PERSON
Sanchez	I-PERSON
/.	O


that	O
's	O
Rick	B-PERSON
on	O
the	O
left	O
Kira	B-PERSON
on	O
the	O
right	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
are	O
in	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
/.	O


Double	O
trouble	O
/.	O


watch	O
for	O
the	O
dolphins	O
Larry	B-PERSON
/.	O


Carry	O
on	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
told	O
this	O
guy	O
in	O
Miami	B-GPE
saving	O
is	O
schula-esque	O
your	O
friend	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
not	O
this	O
year	O
though	O
/.	O


Well	O
it	O
might	O
take	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


Good	O
to	O
talk	O
/.	O


Go	O
get	O
them	O
/.	O


Bye	O
/.	O


Alright	O
/.	O


Thanks	O
Larry	B-PERSON
/.	O


Well	O
tonight	B-TIME
a	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
controversy	O
/.	O


Good	O
evening	B-TIME
I	O
'm	O
Kyra	B-PERSON
Phillips	I-PERSON
/.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
Rick	B-PERSON
Sanchez	I-PERSON
/.	O


Newsnight	B-WORK_OF_ART
begins	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
every	O
story	O
has	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
/.	O


In	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
case	O
both	O
sides	O
are	O
being	O
beamed	O
onto	O
big	O
screens	O
everywhere	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
point	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
have	O
decided	O
it	O
's	O
in	O
their	O
best	O
self	O
interest	O
to	O
work	O
at	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
/.	O


Now	O
are	O
they	O
stupid	O
/?	O


No	O
/.	O


I	O
keep	O
saying	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
buy	O
small	O
town	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
at	O
a	B-ORG
Wal	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
because	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
sell	O
it	O
/.	O


But	O
once	O
they	O
steal	O
it	O
from	O
you	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
it	O
back	O
at	O
any	O
price	O
/.	O


Attention	O
shoppers	O
/.	O


is	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
way	O
the	O
wave	O
of	O
the	O
future	O
/?	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
dueling	O
realities	O
/.	O


A	O
city	O
brimming	O
with	O
hope	O
in	O
some	O
places	O
devoid	O
of	O
it	O
in	O
others	O
/.	O


New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
a	O
tale	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
/.	O


Also	O
this	O
man	O
is	O
a	O
convicted	O
murderer	O
/.	O


Why	O
are	O
there	O
so	O
many	O
who	O
want	O
his	O
life	O
spared	O
/?	O


This	O
is	O
Newsnight	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


And	O
we	O
begin	O
tonight	B-TIME
with	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
a	O
place	O
no	O
doubt	O
many	O
of	O
you	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
shop	O
/.	O


When	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
retail	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
is	O
the	O
biggest	O
of	O
the	O
big	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
makes	O
it	O
a	O
big	O
target	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


Its	O
corporate	O
policies	O
from	O
buying	O
cheap	O
to	O
selling	O
cheap	O
to	O
providing	O
jobs	O
for	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
while	O
paying	O
rock	O
bottom	O
salaries	O
are	O
also	O
reasons	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
target	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
right	O
now	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
is	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
not	O
one	B-CARDINAL
but	O
two	B-CARDINAL
documentaries	O
about	O
to	O
be	O
released	O
one	B-CARDINAL
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
against	O
/.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
stories	O
one	B-CARDINAL
giant	O
store	O
here	O
's	O
a	O
look	O
/.	O


You	O
drive	O
up	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
up	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
on	O
Route	B-FAC
80	I-FAC
/.	O


and	O
you	O
'll	O
see	O
a	B-ORG
Wal	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
up	O
on	O
the	O
hill	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
you	O
'll	O
drive	O
farther	O
into	O
the	O
town	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
'll	O
see	O
uh	O
an	O
empty	O
town	O
/.	O


Just	O
looks	O
like	O
a	O
neutron	O
bomb	O
hit	O
it	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
an	O
explosive	O
documentary	O
that	O
alleges	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
has	O
a	O
take	O
no	O
prisoners	O
business	O
philosophy	O
that	O
is	O
good	O
for	O
profits	O
but	O
bad	O
for	O
America	B-GPE
/.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
it	O
/.	O


When	O
we	O
start	O
talking	O
about	O
quality	O
reliance	O
they	O
start	O
talking	O
about	O
cheap	O
underwear	O
/.	O


At	O
this	O
point	O
there	O
's	O
something	O
I	O
should	O
tell	O
you	O
/.	O


When	O
you	O
do	O
a	O
story	O
on	O
a	O
film	O
that	O
's	O
as	O
critical	O
of	O
a	O
company	O
as	O
this	O
one	O
is	O
about	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
I	O
want	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
that	O
company	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
to	O
get	O
their	O
reaction	O
/.	O


Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
is	O
not	O
willing	O
to	O
go	O
on	O
camera	O
/.	O


But	O
it	O
did	O
provide	O
us	O
with	O
a	O
written	O
statement	O
saying	O
quote	O
like	O
any	O
company	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
our	O
associates	O
customers	O
and	O
local	O
community	O
feel	O
good	O
about	O
us	O
/.	O


Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
makes	O
life	O
better	O
for	O
an	O
awful	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
by	O
providing	O
low	O
prices	O
and	O
good	O
jobs	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
need	O
them	O
/.	O


However	O
we	O
're	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
admit	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
perfect	O
and	O
have	O
worked	O
hard	O
to	O
make	O
substantive	O
business	O
changes	O
in	O
areas	O
where	O
we	O
fall	O
short	O
/.	O


Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
I	O
think	O
does	O
n't	O
do	O
a	O
good	O
enough	O
job	O
telling	O
its	O
story	O
/.	O


So	O
who	O
is	O
speaking	O
up	O
for	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
/?	O


This	O
man	O
/.	O


But	O
uh	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
has	O
closed	O
some	O
businesses	O
down	O
/.	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
created	O
others	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
/-	O


In	O
fact	O
Ron	B-PERSON
Galloway	I-PERSON
is	O
not	O
only	O
speaking	O
up	O
for	O
the	O
retail	O
giant	O
/.	O


he	O
's	O
also	O
producing	O
a	O
documentary	O
in	O
their	O
defense	O
one	O
that	O
depicts	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
as	O
an	O
ingenious	O
business	O
plan	O
that	O
is	O
good	O
for	O
America	B-GPE
/.	O


So	O
many	O
people	O
have	O
so	O
many	O
negative	O
things	O
to	O
say	O
about	O
it	O
/.	O


but	O
what	O
about	O
the	O
positive	O
things	O
/?	O


While	O
Galloway	B-PERSON
's	O
pro-Wal-Mart	B-ORG
film	O
introduces	O
us	O
to	O
grateful	O
employees	O
/-	O


Somebody	O
did	O
it	O
for	O
me	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
in	O
my	O
life	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
totally	O
hopeless	O
/.	O


the	O
anti-Wal	O
-	B-ORG
mart	I-ORG
film	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
according	O
to	O
court	O
documents	O
workers	O
made	O
on	O
average	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
fourteen	I-MONEY
thousand	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
,	O
that	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
CEO	O
made	O
twenty	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
seven	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
/.	O


It	O
also	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
owners	O
of	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
the	O
Walton	B-PERSON
family	O
has	O
an	O
average	O
net	O
worth	O
at	O
or	O
near	O
one	B-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
give	O
or	O
take	O
a	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
here	O
or	O
there	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
their	O
stock	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
/.	O


Now	O
as	O
for	O
the	O
workers	O
or	O
associates	O
as	O
they	O
're	O
called	O
by	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
their	O
average	O
salary	O
is	O
below	O
what	O
the	O
government	O
considers	O
the	O
federal	O
poverty	O
line	O
/.	O


There	O
were	O
people	O
I	O
'd	O
see	O
that	O
did	O
n't	O
eat	O
nothing	O
/.	O


they	O
'd	O
take	O
an	O
hour	B-TIME
lunch	O
and	O
just	O
sit	O
there	O
/.	O


This	O
young	O
mother	O
that	O
I	O
talked	O
to	O
in	O
LA	B-GPE
was	O
on	O
Medi	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Cal	I-ORG
/.	O


she	O
got	O
on	O
the	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
plan	O
/.	O


she	O
saw	O
a	O
doctor	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
/.	O


The	O
anti-Wal-Mart	B-ORG
film	O
depicts	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
as	O
consumed	O
with	O
keeping	O
wages	O
and	O
benefits	O
down	O
and	O
unions	O
out	O
by	O
flying	O
in	O
executives	O
and	O
installing	O
cameras	O
to	O
monitor	O
employees	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
hint	O
that	O
workers	O
may	O
be	O
organizing	O
/.	O


The	O
retail	O
giant	O
gets	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
merchandise	O
from	O
outside	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
in	O
places	O
like	O
Honduras	B-GPE
and	O
Bangladesh	B-GPE
where	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
film	O
workers	O
make	O
as	B-MONEY
little	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
fifteen	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
an	O
hour	O
and	O
work	O
seven	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
a	O
week	O
/.	O


but	O
by	O
far	O
the	O
largest	O
provider	O
of	O
goods	O
to	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
is	O
China	B-GPE
/.	O


How	O
much	O
does	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
depend	O
on	O
China	B-GPE
/?	O


Company	O
officials	O
announced	O
that	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
they	O
imported	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
eighteen	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
goods	O
from	O
the	B-GPE
People	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
/.	O


I	O
think	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
straw	O
man	O
for	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
issues	O
that	O
a	O
certain	O
group	O
of	O
people	O
special	O
interests	O
groups	O
have	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
in	O
American	B-NORP
society	O
/.	O


Now	O
this	O
is	O
important	O
/.	O


Officials	O
making	O
the	O
anti	O
uh	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
film	O
say	O
the	O
film	O
is	O
not	O
paid	O
for	O
with	O
union	O
dues	O
/.	O


We	O
asked	O
/.	O


Also	O
Galloway	B-PERSON
making	O
the	O
pro-Wal-Mart	B-ORG
film	O
tells	O
me	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
received	O
no	O
money	O
and	O
little	O
support	O
in	O
fact	O
from	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
itself	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
has	O
no	O
plans	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
to	O
even	O
carry	O
his	O
video	O
in	O
the	O
stores	O
/.	O


Kyra	B-PERSON
/?	O


Well	O
whatever	O
it	O
does	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
always	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
under	O
a	O
microscope	O
/.	O


Why	O
/?	O


Because	O
a	O
company	O
that	O
big	O
that	O
profitable	O
is	O
often	O
imitated	O
by	O
other	O
companies	O
and	O
that	O
may	O
well	O
affect	O
your	O
benefits	O
and	O
your	O
career	O
/.	O


Take	O
health	O
care	O
for	O
example	O
/.	O


A	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
internal	O
memo	O
recently	O
leaked	O
spelled	O
out	O
just	O
how	O
far	O
the	O
retail	O
giant	O
may	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
keep	O
its	O
health	O
costs	O
low	O
/.	O


The	O
question	O
is	O
will	O
other	O
companies	O
follow	O
suit	O
and	O
how	O
might	O
that	O
affect	O
you	O
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Foreman	I-PERSON
/.	O


Out	O
in	O
the	O
morning	B-TIME
rush	O
of	O
Washington	B-GPE
DC	I-GPE
like	O
six	B-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
Americans	B-NORP
Tim	B-PERSON
Kane	I-PERSON
gets	O
health	O
insurance	O
through	O
his	O
job	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
my	O
hands	O
are	O
tied	O
/.	O


I	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
my	O
employers	O
/.	O


But	O
as	O
an	O
economist	O
at	O
the	O
conservative	O
Heritage	B-ORG
foundation	O
Tim	B-PERSON
supports	O
an	O
idea	O
that	O
might	O
put	O
other	O
commuters	O
into	O
shock	O
/.	O


Workplace	O
health	O
plans	O
can	O
be	O
should	O
be	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
going	O
away	O
/.	O


Americans	B-NORP
should	O
understand	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
be	O
much	O
better	O
off	O
if	O
businesses	O
were	O
n't	O
providing	O
them	O
health	O
care	O
if	O
they	O
could	O
buy	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
free	O
market	O
cheaply	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
controversial	O
stuff	O
/.	O


Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
with	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
point	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
American	B-NORP
workers	O
is	O
being	O
criticized	O
right	O
now	O
over	O
a	O
leaked	O
company	O
memo	O
that	O
suggests	O
health	O
care	O
costs	O
should	O
be	O
better	O
contained	O
/.	O


Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
Watch	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
new	O
advocacy	O
group	O
funded	O
in	O
part	O
by	O
labor	O
unions	O
to	O
keep	O
an	O
eye	O
on	O
how	O
the	O
economic	O
giant	O
is	O
shaping	O
American	B-NORP
life	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
today	B-DATE
as	O
we	O
speak	O
is	O
attempting	O
to	O
change	O
uh	O
health	O
care	O
for	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
worker	O
to	O
the	O
worse	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
're	O
saying	O
that	O
affects	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
we	O
work	O
for	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
/.	O


When	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
makes	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
do	O
their	O
business	O
um	O
then	O
other	O
businesses	O
follow	O
/.	O


Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
told	O
us	O
in	O
a	O
written	O
statement	O
it	O
is	O
expanding	O
and	O
improving	O
its	O
health	O
insurance	O
program	O
/.	O


but	O
it	O
adds	O
every	O
business	O
is	O
asking	O
the	O
question	O
how	O
do	O
we	O
balance	O
the	O
genuine	O
desire	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
best	O
benefits	O
while	O
remaining	O
competitive	O
in	O
the	O
global	O
economy	O
/?	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
catch	O
/.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
is	O
a	O
rarity	O
among	O
nations	O
in	O
firmly	O
tying	O
health	O
insurance	O
to	O
jobs	O
making	O
it	O
a	O
cost	O
of	O
doing	O
business	O
/.	O


So	O
how	O
did	O
it	O
get	O
that	O
way	O
/?	O


Blame	O
it	O
on	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
Two	I-EVENT
when	O
fear	O
of	O
inflation	O
prompted	O
President	O
Roosevelt	B-PERSON
to	O
freeze	O
wages	O
/.	O


With	O
so	O
many	O
Americans	B-NORP
going	O
to	O
battle	O
businesses	O
were	O
frantic	O
for	O
workers	O
/.	O


So	O
instead	O
of	O
more	O
money	O
they	O
offered	O
health	O
insurance	O
/.	O


Healthy	O
employees	O
are	O
undeniably	O
better	O
for	O
business	O
better	O
for	O
society	O
/.	O


but	O
is	O
that	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
responsibility	O
/?	O


Look	O
/.	O


this	O
is	O
a	O
private	O
company	O
/.	O


What	O
business	O
is	O
it	O
of	O
yours	O
how	O
they	O
do	O
their	O
business	O
/?	O


We	O
the	O
taxpayers	O
are	O
paying	O
for	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
to	O
profit	O
/.	O


um	O
and	O
so	O
therefore	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
say	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
believe	O
that	O
gives	O
you	O
a	O
say	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
stockholders	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
shareholders	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
/.	O


A	O
study	O
before	O
Congress	B-ORG
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
said	O
less	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
employees	O
were	O
fully	O
covered	O
by	O
the	O
company	O
insurance	O
and	O
that	O
a	O
significant	O
number	O
secure	O
their	O
health	O
care	O
from	O
publicly	O
subsidized	O
programs	O
/.	O


George	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
from	O
California	B-GPE
authored	O
that	O
report	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
either	O
has	O
built	O
an	O
acceptable	O
system	O
for	O
real	O
health	O
care	O
for	O
employees	O
and	O
they	O
have	O
n't	O
really	O
provided	O
much	O
to	O
the	O
national	O
debate	O
on	O
how	O
we	O
can	O
accomplish	O
this	O
uh	O
as	O
a	O
nation	O
/.	O


The	O
debate	O
over	O
how	O
workplace	O
health	O
insurance	O
might	O
fade	O
and	O
what	O
might	O
replace	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
just	O
about	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
/.	O


And	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
's	O
trying	O
to	O
stay	O
out	O
of	O
that	O
mess	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
tricky	O
problem	O
/.	O


But	O
when	O
a	O
company	O
that	O
big	O
even	O
whispers	O
change	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
everyone	O
listens	O
/.	O


That	O
was	O
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Foreman	I-PERSON
reporting	O
/.	O


Rick	B-PERSON
/?	O


And	O
we	O
continue	O
the	O
theme	O
now	O
/.	O


Andy	B-PERSON
Serwer	I-PERSON
works	O
for	O
us	O
here	O
at	O
CNN	B-ORG
and	O
for	O
Fortune	B-ORG
Magazine	I-ORG
/.	O


Andy	B-PERSON
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
few	O
journalists	O
who	O
's	O
profiled	O
the	O
Walton	B-PERSON
family	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
he	O
's	O
the	O
perfect	O
guest	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
/.	O


Andy	B-PERSON
thanks	O
so	O
much	O
for	O
being	O
with	O
us	O
again	O
/.	O


Good	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
/.	O


you	O
know	O
you	O
wonder	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
the	O
Waltons	B-PERSON
/.	O


At	O
what	O
level	O
will	O
this	O
affect	O
them	O
/?	O


They	O
're	O
about	O
to	O
get	O
hit	O
with	O
a	O
whole	O
lot	O
of	O
bad	O
pub	O
/.	O


Well	O
you	O
know	O
in	O
some	O
senses	O
Rick	B-PERSON
they	O
're	O
used	O
to	O
it	O
by	O
now	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
company	O
that	O
's	O
come	O
under	O
attack	O
for	O
really	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
a	O
big	O
way	O
from	O
labor	O
unions	O
from	O
people	O
in	O
small	O
towns	O
from	O
people	O
in	O
big	O
towns	O
/.	O


But	O
this	O
time	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
churches	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
small	O
gathering	O
places	O
in	O
middle	O
America	B-GPE
with	O
people	O
saying	O
some	O
pretty	O
horrible	O
things	O
/-	O


Do	O
n't	O
your	O
feelings	O
get	O
hurt	O
/.	O


or	O
are	O
they	O
at	O
a	O
different	O
level	O
if	O
your	O
employees	O
come	O
out	O
and	O
say	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
feed	O
my	O
kids	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
making	O
enough	O
money	O
/.	O


you	O
're	O
not	O
giving	O
me	O
enough	O
benefits	O
/.	O


you	O
're	O
not	O
paying	O
me	O
for	O
my	O
overtime	O
work	O
/.	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
Walton	B-PERSON
family	O
does	O
take	O
it	O
personally	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
their	O
name	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
door	O
/.	O


Their	O
father	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Walton	I-PERSON
started	O
this	O
company	O
/.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
the	O
bad	O
publicity	O
/.	O


but	O
they	O
also	O
feel	O
wronged	O
/.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
the	O
charges	O
are	O
true	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
are	O
really	O
starting	O
to	O
fight	O
back	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
're	O
seeing	O
articles	O
describing	O
how	O
they	O
've	O
really	O
rallied	O
and	O
brought	O
tremendous	O
efforts	O
to	O
bear	O
opening	O
up	O
offices	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
and	O
state	O
capitals	O
/.	O


They	O
have	O
a	O
war	O
room	O
where	O
they	O
review	O
all	O
the	O
criticism	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
try	O
to	O
respond	O
now	O
/.	O


But	O
let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
this	O
as	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
people	O
at	O
home	O
are	O
sitting	O
there	O
thinking	O
right	O
now	O
about	O
their	O
own	O
job	O
/.	O


if	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
is	O
right	O
and	O
their	O
model	O
is	O
right	O
is	O
this	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
/?	O


Will	O
other	O
workers	O
feel	O
like	O
perhaps	O
their	O
compensation	O
packages	O
their	O
wages	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
perhaps	O
either	O
trimmed	O
down	O
or	O
worse	O
as	O
they	O
allude	O
to	O
in	O
this	O
documentary	O
/?	O


Well	O
you	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
a	O
race	O
to	O
the	O
bottom	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
compensation	O
and	O
benefits	O
for	O
American	B-NORP
workers	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
're	O
seeing	O
this	O
happening	O
at	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
/.	O


but	O
you	O
're	O
also	O
seeing	O
this	O
happen	O
at	O
big	O
manufacturing	O
companies	O
/.	O


Do	O
n't	O
forget	O
people	O
at	O
Delta	B-ORG
people	O
at	O
GM	B-ORG
people	O
at	O
Delphi	B-ORG
are	O
getting	O
their	O
wages	O
and	O
salaries	O
cut	O
too	O
and	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
anything	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
/.	O


Having	O
said	O
that	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
is	O
the	O
biggest	O
employer	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


so	O
they	O
're	O
sort	O
of	O
the	O
benchmark	O
company	O
the	O
company	O
that	O
other	O
companies	O
look	O
to	O
like	O
GM	B-ORG
in	O
the	O
past	O
and	O
like	O
a	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
/.	O


So	O
I	O
think	O
other	O
companies	O
are	O
looking	O
at	O
what	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
is	O
doing	O
and	O
saying	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
new	O
wage	O
and	O
pay	O
scale	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
/?	O


But	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
is	O
really	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
the	O
bottom	O
line	O
,	O
are	O
n't	O
they	O
/?	O


They	O
are	O
/.	O


They	O
really	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
make	O
things	O
out	O
of	O
nothing	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
's	O
really	O
benefiting	O
is	O
the	O
consumer	O
who	O
goes	O
in	O
there	O
and	O
gets	O
a	O
sweater	O
for	O
four	B-MONEY
bucks	I-MONEY
/.	O


Well	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
they	O
say	O
Rick	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
one	B-CARDINAL
point	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Americans	B-NORP
work	O
at	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
/.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
like	O
working	O
there	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
to	O
remember	O
that	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
all	O
these	O
people	O
who	O
work	O
there	O
are	O
unhappy	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
number	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


Number	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
the	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
people	O
say	O
look	O
/.	O


we	O
're	O
paying	O
people	O
one	B-CARDINAL
point	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Americans	B-NORP
/.	O


but	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
millions	I-CARDINAL
of	O
Americans	B-NORP
are	O
benefiting	O
from	O
low	O
prices	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
able	O
to	O
buy	O
a	O
VCR	O
they	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
buy	O
because	O
we	O
're	O
keeping	O
our	O
costs	O
low	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
their	O
response	O
/.	O


If	O
their	O
message	O
is	O
right	O
why	O
are	O
n't	O
they	O
putting	O
one	O
of	O
their	O
big	O
kahunas	O
out	O
there	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
Rick	B-PERSON
Sanchez	I-PERSON
to	O
talk	O
to	O
Andy	B-PERSON
and	O
say	O
look	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
all	O
wrong	O
/?	O


Right	O
now	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
talking	O
/.	O


they	O
're	O
not	O
willing	O
to	O
go	O
on	O
camera	O
/.	O


Well	O
they	O
're	O
just	O
starting	O
to	O
/.	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
remember	O
this	O
company	O
was	O
a	O
very	O
closed	O
uh	O
culture	O
really	O
founded	O
by	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Walton	I-PERSON
/.	O


He	O
passed	O
away	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
ninety	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
/.	O


He	O
did	O
n't	O
believe	O
in	O
talking	O
to	O
the	O
press	O
/.	O


He	O
did	O
n't	O
believe	O
in	O
PR	O
/.	O


He	O
said	O
all	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
was	O
open	O
stores	O
up	O
and	O
offer	O
goods	O
at	O
low	O
prices	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
starting	O
to	O
realize	O
that	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
respond	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
/.	O


So	O
they	O
're	O
just	O
getting	O
up	O
to	O
speed	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
're	O
right	O
/.	O


They	O
should	O
get	O
out	O
there	O
and	O
tell	O
their	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
story	O
/.	O


Is	O
this	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
big	O
hit	O
for	O
them	O
/?	O


No	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
big	O
hit	O
because	O
there	O
're	O
other	O
things	O
out	O
there	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
negative	O
documentary	O
film	O
about	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
/.	O


There	O
's	O
maybe	O
a	O
positive	O
film	O
out	O
there	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
marshal	O
their	O
forces	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
fight	O
back	O
/.	O


and	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
like	O
to	O
shop	O
at	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
they	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
a	O
problem	O
to	O
some	O
people	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
n't	O
so	O
successful	O
/.	O


People	O
like	O
to	O
shop	O
there	O
/.	O


Certainly	O
do	O
/.	O


Time	O
will	O
tell	O
/.	O


Andy	B-PERSON
thanks	O
so	O
much	O
for	O
being	O
with	O
us	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
welcome	O
Rick	B-PERSON
/.	O


And	O
there	O
you	O
have	O
it	O
/.	O


Dueling	O
documentaries	O
out	O
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
/.	O


Still	O
to	O
come	O
on	O
Newsnight	B-WORK_OF_ART
the	B-GPE
Big	I-GPE
Easy	I-GPE
suddenly	O
split	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
how	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
city	O
are	O
living	O
different	O
lives	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
after	O
Katrina	B-EVENT
/.	O


We	O
will	O
take	O
you	O
there	O
/.	O


Plus	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
convicted	O
killer	O
a	O
co-founder	O
of	O
a	O
violent	O
street	O
gang	O
/.	O


Now	O
he	O
's	O
on	O
death	O
row	O
/.	O


So	O
why	O
are	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
trying	O
to	O
save	O
his	O
life	O
/?	O


It	O
is	O
time	O
now	O
to	O
check	O
on	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
stories	O
that	O
are	O
happening	O
tonight	B-TIME
/.	O


and	O
for	O
that	O
we	O
go	O
to	O
uh	O
Erica	B-PERSON
Hill	I-PERSON
from	O
Headline	B-WORK_OF_ART
News	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Hello	O
Erica	B-PERSON
/.	O


Hey	O
Rick	B-PERSON
good	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
/.	O


We	O
begin	O
tonight	B-TIME
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
with	O
a	O
bloody	O
end	O
to	O
the	O
Muslim	B-NORP
holy	O
month	O
of	O
Ramadan	B-DATE
/.	O


Twenty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
seven	I-CARDINAL
people	O
killed	O
in	O
three	B-CARDINAL
separate	O
attacks	O
today	B-DATE
/.	O


The	O
worst	O
in	O
a	O
town	O
forty	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
five	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
south	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
where	O
a	O
suicide	O
bomber	O
blew	O
up	O
a	O
mini-bus	O
in	O
a	O
busy	O
shopping	O
area	O
/.	O


Elsewhere	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
soldier	O
was	O
killed	O
in	O
an	O
attack	O
near	O
Balad	B-GPE
/.	O


and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Marines	O
died	O
in	O
a	O
helicopter	O
crash	O
near	O
Ramadi	B-GPE
/.	O


Bagram	B-GPE
Afghanistan	B-GPE
now	O
where	O
a	O
senior	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
operative	O
is	O
apparently	O
on	O
the	O
loose	O
/.	O


Pentagon	B-ORG
officials	O
say	O
Omar	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Farouq	I-PERSON
escaped	O
from	O
US	B-GPE
custody	O
back	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
/.	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Farouq	I-PERSON
had	O
set	O
up	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
camps	O
in	O
southeast	O
Asia	B-LOC
/.	O


He	O
was	O
captured	O
in	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
then	O
turned	O
over	O
to	O
US	B-GPE
officials	O
who	O
brought	O
him	O
to	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
/.	O


In	O
Detroit	B-GPE
Michigan	B-GPE
thousands	B-CARDINAL
paying	O
tribute	O
today	B-DATE
at	O
the	O
funeral	O
of	O
Rosa	B-PERSON
Parks	I-PERSON
/.	O


Many	O
prominent	O
figures	O
were	O
in	O
attendance	O
including	O
the	O
Reverends	O
Jesse	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
and	O
Al	B-PERSON
Sharpton	I-PERSON
as	O
well	O
as	O
former	O
President	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
/.	O


Parks	B-PERSON
inspired	O
the	O
Civil	B-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
movement	O
of	O
course	O
when	O
she	O
refused	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
her	O
seat	O
on	O
a	O
bus	O
to	O
a	O
white	O
man	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
fifty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
/.	O


She	O
died	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
at	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
ninety	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
/.	O


And	O
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
a	O
massive	O
protest	O
against	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
shuts	O
down	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
/.	O


The	O
afternoon	B-TIME
and	O
evening	B-TIME
demonstrations	O
organized	O
by	O
the	O
group	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Ca	I-ORG
n't	I-ORG
Wait	I-ORG
led	O
police	O
to	O
close	O
many	O
streets	O
around	O
a	O
federal	O
building	O
in	O
West	O
LA	B-GPE
/.	O


There	O
were	O
some	O
confrontations	O
with	O
police	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
officer	O
's	O
uniform	O
caught	O
fire	O
after	O
a	O
molotov	O
cocktail	O
was	O
thrown	O
his	O
way	O
/.	O


Quite	O
the	O
demonstration	O
there	O
Rick	B-PERSON
/.	O


Certainly	O
looks	O
like	O
it	O
/.	O


Erica	B-PERSON
thanks	O
so	O
much	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
look	O
for	O
you	O
in	O
just	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
/.	O


Kyra	B-PERSON
/?	O


Well	O
for	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
we	O
've	O
seen	O
the	O
havoc	O
that	O
Mother	O
Nature	O
can	O
cause	O
/.	O


We	O
've	O
watched	O
from	O
our	O
homes	O
Katrina	B-EVENT
's	O
destructive	O
force	O
and	O
people	O
struggling	O
in	O
its	O
aftermath	O
/.	O


Even	O
now	O
it	O
's	O
impossible	O
to	O
grasp	O
the	O
tragedy	O
along	O
the	B-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
Coast	I-LOC
/.	O


There	O
are	O
so	O
many	O
parts	O
to	O
it	O
/.	O


So	O
tonight	B-TIME
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Dan	B-PERSON
Simon	I-PERSON
shows	O
us	O
a	O
different	O
angle	O
a	O
new	O
divide	O
forming	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Big	I-GPE
Easy	I-GPE
/.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
times	O
/.	O


it	O
was	O
the	O
worst	O
of	O
times	O
/.	O


the	O
famous	O
words	O
of	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Dickens	I-PERSON
in	O
A	B-WORK_OF_ART
Tale	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Two	I-WORK_OF_ART
Cities	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Here	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
that	O
nineteenth	B-DATE
century	I-DATE
text	O
resonates	O
as	O
it	O
feels	O
literally	O
like	O
two	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
have	O
emerged	O
since	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Katrina	I-EVENT
one	B-CARDINAL
filled	O
with	O
anger	O
and	O
desperation	O
/-	O


Nobody	O
's	O
trying	O
to	O
help	O
/.	O


Nobody	O
's	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
nothing	O
/.	O


But	O
here	O
across	O
the	O
river	O
on	O
what	O
locals	O
call	O
the	B-LOC
West	I-LOC
Bank	I-LOC
they	O
have	O
different	O
problems	O
the	O
kind	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
mind	O
having	O
like	O
where	O
to	O
get	O
coffee	O
or	O
go	O
shopping	O
/.	O


Here	O
it	O
's	O
about	O
progress	O
and	O
optimism	O
/.	O


The	O
biggest	O
complaint	O
we	O
have	O
is	O
we	O
never	O
know	O
when	O
the	O
garbage	O
is	O
being	O
picked	O
up	O
/.	O


Big	O
deal	O
right	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
know	O
so	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
relative	O
/.	O


Don	B-PERSON
and	O
Joy	B-PERSON
Paolo	I-PERSON
live	O
across	O
the	O
river	O
from	O
the	O
devastation	O
in	O
a	O
place	O
called	O
Algiers	B-LOC
Point	I-LOC
/.	O


We	O
found	O
the	O
retired	O
couple	O
relaxing	O
on	O
their	O
porch	O
/.	O


Play	O
on	O
words	O
/.	O


this	O
is	O
the	B-LOC
West	I-LOC
Bank	I-LOC
/.	O


but	O
people	O
here	O
call	O
it	O
the	O
blessed	O
bank	O
/.	O


The	O
Paolos	B-PERSON
bounced	O
back	O
quickly	O
after	O
evacuating	O
to	O
Ohio	B-GPE
/.	O


While	O
they	O
came	O
back	O
to	O
mold	O
and	O
a	O
busted	O
heater	O
their	O
problems	O
seem	O
miniscule	O
/.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
biggest	O
problems	O
we	O
have	O
over	O
here	O
truthfully	O
is	O
traffic	O
/.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
traffic	O
in	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
town	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
devastated	O
Lower	B-LOC
Ninth	I-LOC
Ward	I-LOC
/.	O


Restaurants	O
gas	O
stations	O
closed	O
/.	O


neighborhoods	O
vacant	O
filled	O
with	O
trash	O
/.	O


Contrast	O
that	O
with	O
Algiers	B-LOC
where	O
carved	O
pumpkins	O
dot	O
the	O
landscape	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
stores	O
even	O
little	O
cafes	O
are	O
open	O
for	O
business	O
/.	O


We	O
just	O
isolated	O
/.	O


We	O
like	O
on	O
a	O
island	O
over	O
here	O
/.	O


We	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
/.	O


Daisy	B-PERSON
Peters	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
feelings	O
are	O
understandable	O
,	O
her	O
house	O
in	O
ruins	O
/.	O


Other	O
than	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
a	O
few	O
family	O
members	O
clearing	O
away	O
debris	O
she	O
's	O
on	O
her	O
own	O
/.	O


I	O
am	O
very	O
very	O
very	O
disgusted	O
with	O
this	O
place	O
/.	O


Who	O
are	O
you	O
disgusted	O
with	O
/?	O


The	O
governor	O
and	O
the	O
mayor	O
and	O
FEMA	B-ORG
and	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
/.	O


You	O
feel	O
like	O
they	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
/.	O


I	O
feel	O
like	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
care	O
/.	O


Government	O
officials	O
say	O
they	O
do	O
care	O
/.	O


but	O
the	O
magnitude	O
of	O
destruction	O
makes	O
rebuilding	O
very	O
difficult	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
no	O
drinkable	O
water	O
and	O
little	O
if	O
any	O
electricity	O
here	O
and	O
no	O
plan	O
yet	O
for	O
restoring	O
the	O
neighborhood	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
giving	O
this	O
house	O
away	O
/.	O


If	O
somebody	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
rebuild	O
down	O
here	O
somebody	O
need	O
to	O
see	O
me	O
about	O
this	O
house	O
because	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
giving	O
it	O
to	O
nobody	O
/.	O


Daisy	B-PERSON
decides	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
rest	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
also	O
resting	O
at	O
the	O
Paolo	B-PERSON
house	O
but	O
in	O
a	O
different	O
way	O
/.	O


Dan	B-PERSON
Simon	I-PERSON
CNN	B-ORG
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
/.	O


Whether	O
you	O
've	O
lost	O
your	O
entire	O
home	O
or	O
just	O
a	O
few	O
things	O
a	O
loss	O
hurts	O
/.	O


and	O
one	O
of	O
our	O
own	O
here	O
at	O
CNN	B-ORG
has	O
felt	O
the	O
pain	O
of	O
Katrina	B-EVENT
/.	O


American	B-WORK_OF_ART
Morning	I-WORK_OF_ART
executive	O
producer	O
Kim	B-PERSON
Bondy	I-PERSON
has	O
a	O
house	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
/.	O


American	B-WORK_OF_ART
Morning	I-WORK_OF_ART
anchor	O
Miles	B-PERSON
O'Brien	I-PERSON
was	O
with	O
Kim	B-PERSON
today	B-DATE
as	O
she	O
got	O
some	O
expert	O
opinions	O
on	O
the	O
damage	O
to	O
her	O
home	O
/.	O


This	O
room	O
was	O
an	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
house	O
/.	O


It	O
originally	O
had	O
paneling	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
when	O
I	O
bought	O
the	O
house	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
I	O
had	O
new	O
walls	O
put	O
in	O
/.	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
all	O
new	O
drywall	O
in	O
here	O
/.	O


So	O
the	O
mold	O
growth	O
is	O
pretty	O
substantial	O
/.	O


The	O
sunroom	O
at	O
Kim	B-PERSON
Bondy	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
house	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
sure	O
could	O
use	O
a	O
little	O
sun	O
/.	O


Perhaps	O
it	O
might	O
bake	O
away	O
the	O
multilayered	O
mold	O
that	O
covers	O
the	O
walls	O
and	O
fouls	O
the	O
air	O
/.	O


You	O
've	O
got	O
so	O
much	O
moisture	O
in	O
here	O
/.	O


you	O
know	O
so	O
much	O
damage	O
/.	O


the	O
mold	O
just	O
feeds	O
off	O
of	O
itself	O
/.	O


Kim	B-PERSON
invited	O
veteran	O
property	O
restoration	O
expert	O
Rusty	B-PERSON
Amarante	I-PERSON
to	O
tour	O
her	O
once	O
upon	O
a	O
dream	O
home	O
which	O
sat	O
in	O
standing	O
fetid	O
water	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
levees	O
broke	O
/.	O


Not	O
a	O
pretty	O
picture	O
/.	O


but	O
Rusty	B-PERSON
Amarante	I-PERSON
has	O
seen	O
it	O
all	O
before	O
/.	O


Would	O
you	O
recommend	O
that	O
a	O
room	O
like	O
this	O
be	O
sort	O
of	O
torn	O
down	O
and	O
start	O
all	O
over	O
/?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
tear	O
it	O
down	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
thoroughly	O
gut	O
it	O
/.	O


You	O
need	O
to	O
take	O
out	O
/.	O


Gutting	O
a	O
house	O
,	O
stripping	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
bones	O
like	O
a	O
Thanksgiving	B-DATE
turkey	O
seems	O
like	O
a	O
bitter	O
pill	O
for	O
the	O
average	O
homeowner	O
/.	O


but	O
Rusty	B-PERSON
has	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
putting	O
things	O
in	O
perspective	O
/.	O


Really	O
you	O
're	O
just	O
talking	O
about	O
redoing	O
the	O
interior	O
building	O
envelope	O
here	O
/.	O


So	O
uh	O
as	O
devastating	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
you	O
're	O
really	O
kind	O
of	O
fortunate	O
because	O
once	O
you	O
take	O
out	O
the	O
plaster	O
,	O
once	O
you	O
take	O
out	O
the	O
insulation	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
the	O
inside	O
of	O
the	O
building	O
is	O
dry	O
uh	O
the	O
foundation	O
is	O
dry	O
you	O
can	O
really	O
start	O
the	O
rebuilding	O
process	O
/.	O


And	O
/.	O


But	O
what	O
about	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
house	O
/?	O


Any	O
osteoporosis	O
in	O
those	O
bones	O
/?	O


From	O
what	O
I	O
can	O
see	O
of	O
the	O
brick	O
from	O
the	O
outside	O
it	O
looks	O
very	O
solid	O
/.	O


For	O
some	O
answers	O
Kim	B-PERSON
called	O
in	O
another	O
expert	O
Elizabeth	B-PERSON
English	I-PERSON
a	O
professor	O
who	O
studies	O
how	O
buildings	O
weather	O
hurricanes	O
/.	O


Crawl	O
space	O
/.	O


Crawl	O
space	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
never	O
even	O
looked	O
underneath	O
there	O
/.	O


But	O
Elizabeth	B-PERSON
did	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
looks	O
pretty	O
good	O
/.	O


Still	O
a	O
little	O
damp	O
down	O
here	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
needs	O
to	O
dry	O
out	O
/.	O


Mhm	O
/.	O


But	O
um	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
problem	O
with	O
rot	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
/.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
cursory	O
inspection	O
a	O
few	O
pokes	O
and	O
peeks	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
very	O
good	O
solid	O
construction	O
here	O
/.	O


But	O
enough	O
to	O
make	O
Elizabeth	B-PERSON
a	O
big	O
believer	O
in	O
the	O
Bondy	B-PERSON
bungalow	O
/.	O


If	O
this	O
were	O
your	O
house	O
what	O
would	O
you	O
do	O
/?	O


I	O
'd	O
fix	O
it	O
up	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
/?	O


Absolutely	O
/.	O


Absolutely	O
/.	O


This	O
house	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
goner	O
/.	O


Uh	O
this	O
house	O
can	O
be	O
uh	O
repaired	O
uh	O
and	O
brought	O
back	O
to	O
life	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
bringing	O
the	O
individual	O
houses	O
back	O
to	O
life	O
that	O
'll	O
bring	O
the	O
neighborhood	O
back	O
to	O
life	O
/.	O


and	O
bringing	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
'	I-GPE
neighborhoods	O
back	O
to	O
life	O
is	O
what	O
will	O
bring	O
the	O
city	O
back	O
to	O
life	O
/.	O


Miles	B-PERSON
O'Brien	I-PERSON
CNN	B-ORG
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
hm	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
can	O
catch	O
American	B-WORK_OF_ART
Morning	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Miles	B-PERSON
O'Brien	I-PERSON
and	O
Soledad	B-PERSON
O'Brien	I-PERSON
every	O
morning	O
on	O
American	B-WORK_OF_ART
Morning	I-WORK_OF_ART
beginning	O
at	O
seven	B-TIME
am	I-TIME
eastern	I-TIME
/.	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
just	O
watching	O
that	O
piece	O
I	O
talked	O
to	O
friends	O
of	O
mine	O
living	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
saying	O
they	O
're	O
getting	O
contractors	O
to	O
come	O
out	O
and	O
give	O
them	O
estimates	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
friend	O
had	O
three	B-CARDINAL
contractors	O
come	O
out	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
difference	O
in	O
prices	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
it	O
's	O
amazing	O
/.	O


/.	O


it	O
is	O
amazing	O
/.	O


You	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
really	O
careful	O
who	O
you	O
pick	O
to	O
take	O
on	O
the	O
job	O
/.	O


The	O
waters	O
have	O
receded	O
/.	O


but	O
the	O
problems	O
have	O
yeah	O
/.	O


Keep	O
rising	O
/.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
on	O
Newsnight	B-WORK_OF_ART
politics	O
makes	O
strange	O
bedfellows	O
/.	O


Would	O
you	O
believe	O
that	O
some	O
liberal	O
Democrats	B-NORP
might	O
support	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
Nominee	O
Samuel	B-PERSON
Alito	I-PERSON
/?	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
explain	O
this	O
one	O
to	O
you	O
/.	O


And	O
why	O
are	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
trying	O
to	O
keep	O
a	O
convicted	O
killer	O
from	O
getting	O
the	O
death	O
penalty	O
/?	O


That	O
story	O
straight	O
ahead	O
/.	O


Ever	O
since	O
uh	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
name	O
Samuel	B-PERSON
Alito	I-PERSON
we	O
have	O
been	O
hearing	O
from	O
both	O
extremes	O
of	O
the	O
political	O
spectrum	O
/.	O


The	O
far	O
right	O
loves	O
the	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
nominee	O
as	O
you	O
might	O
imagine	O
/.	O


The	O
far	O
left	O
ca	O
n't	O
stand	O
him	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
learning	O
though	O
that	O
some	O
Democrats	B-NORP
liberal	O
Democrats	B-NORP
are	O
willing	O
to	O
give	O
Alito	B-PERSON
a	O
chance	O
/.	O


CNN	B-ORG
senior	O
political	O
correspondent	O
Candy	B-PERSON
Crowley	I-PERSON
explains	O
/.	O


Meet	O
Jeffrey	B-PERSON
Wasserstein	I-PERSON
former	O
law	O
clerk	O
for	O
Judge	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Alito	I-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
think	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
totality	O
of	O
his	O
career	O
and	O
what	O
you	O
see	O
is	O
a	O
judge	O
squarely	O
within	O
the	O
mainstream	O
/.	O


Wasserstein	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
liberal	O
Democrat	B-NORP
except	O
when	O
he	O
votes	O
Green	B-ORG
party	I-ORG
/.	O


and	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
alone	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
hired	O
liberals	O
conservatives	O
libertarians	O
independents	O
um	O
/.	O


and	O
all	O
I	O
know	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
all	O
unanimously	O
supporting	O
the	O
judge	O
in	O
his	O
nomination	O
/.	O


The	O
kind	O
of	O
testimony	O
that	O
may	O
make	O
it	O
easier	O
for	O
people	O
like	O
Senator	O
Ben	B-PERSON
Nelson	I-PERSON
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
Democrat	B-NORP
to	O
get	O
an	O
up	O
-	O
close	O
and	O
personal	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
nominee	O
/.	O


A	O
Democrat	B-NORP
from	O
Nebraska	B-GPE
a	O
state	O
that	O
went	O
Bush	B-PERSON
in	O
oh	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
Nelson	B-PERSON
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
red	O
state	O
Democrats	B-NORP
up	O
for	O
reelection	O
in	O
oh	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
who	O
would	O
rather	O
vote	O
than	O
fight	O
/.	O


I	O
just	O
hope	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
able	O
to	O
work	O
our	O
way	O
through	O
uh	O
and	O
make	O
an	O
up	O
or	O
down	O
decision	O
on	O
this	O
judge	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
not	O
even	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Judiciary	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
/.	O


but	O
Nelson	B-PERSON
and	O
other	O
Democrats	B-NORP
are	O
targets	O
of	O
opportunity	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
which	O
hopes	O
to	O
pad	O
Republican	B-NORP
support	O
for	O
Alito	B-PERSON
with	O
enough	O
Democrats	B-NORP
to	O
discourage	O
and	O
if	O
needed	O
defeat	O
a	O
filibuster	O
/.	O


No	O
no	O
no	O
/.	O


Alito	B-PERSON
will	O
not	O
save	O
Roe	B-LAW
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
'	O
problem	O
/.	O


The	O
party	O
's	O
base	O
support	O
liberal	O
women	O
's	O
groups	O
civil	O
rights	O
groups	O
environmental	O
groups	O
the	O
footsoldiers	O
that	O
raise	O
money	O
knock	O
on	O
doors	O
and	O
vote	O
come	O
rain	O
or	O
shine	O
want	O
to	O
fight	O
over	O
Alito	B-PERSON
/.	O


An	O
argument	O
that	O
finds	O
sympathy	O
in	O
blue	O
state	O
Democrats	B-NORP
like	O
Illinois	B-GPE
's	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Durbin	I-PERSON
/.	O


It	O
could	O
tip	O
the	O
balance	O
for	O
a	O
generation	O
in	O
another	O
direction	O
on	O
critical	O
issues	O
women	O
's	O
rights	O
and	O
workers	O
'	O
rights	O
the	O
right	O
of	O
privacy	O
uh	O
protecting	O
the	O
environment	O
human	O
rights	O
civil	O
rights	O
/.	O


All	O
of	O
these	O
things	O
are	O
at	O
stake	O
in	O
this	O
nomination	O
/.	O


The	O
filibuster	O
fight	O
to	O
please	O
Democratic	B-NORP
activists	O
could	O
alienate	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
centrists	O
who	O
vote	O
for	O
both	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
and	O
Ben	B-PERSON
Nelson	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
same	O
state	O
which	O
is	O
why	O
the	O
word	O
filibuster	O
makes	O
Ben	B-PERSON
Nelson	I-PERSON
dance	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
the	O
word	O
filibuster	O
keeps	O
coming	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
questions	O
rather	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
answers	O
/.	O


but	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
rule	O
it	O
out	O
/.	O


but	O
nobody	O
's	O
ruling	O
it	O
in	O
/.	O


While	O
Democrats	B-NORP
still	O
hold	O
out	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
a	O
filibuster	O
the	O
competing	O
need	O
to	O
please	O
the	O
base	O
and	O
reach	O
to	O
the	O
center	O
makes	O
it	O
hard	O
to	O
find	O
consensus	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
could	O
bode	O
well	O
for	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Alito	I-PERSON
who	O
may	O
get	O
by	O
with	O
a	O
little	O
help	O
from	O
his	O
friends	O
/.	O


There	O
was	O
never	O
an	O
ideological	O
or	O
political	O
consideration	O
in	O
how	O
he	O
viewed	O
cases	O
/.	O


So	O
a	O
judge	O
's	O
judge	O
/.	O


Judge	O
's	O
judge	O
/.	O


Absolutely	O
/.	O


Candy	B-PERSON
Crowley	I-PERSON
CNN	B-ORG
Washington	B-GPE
/.	O


The	O
founder	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
most	O
notorious	O
street	O
gangs	O
is	O
facing	O
a	O
death	O
penalty	O
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
,	O
who	O
's	O
trying	O
to	O
save	O
his	O
life	O
and	O
why	O
/?	O


Also	O
the	O
survivors	O
of	O
that	O
massive	O
South	B-LOC
Asian	I-LOC
earthquake	O
are	O
facing	O
a	O
new	O
and	O
even	O
deadlier	O
if	O
you	O
can	O
believe	O
it	O
threat	O
/.	O


From	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
this	O
is	O
Newsnight	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


In	O
a	O
few	O
weeks	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
California	B-GPE
is	O
planning	O
to	O
execute	O
Tookie	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
the	O
man	O
who	O
co-founded	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
most	O
notorious	O
street	O
gangs	O
/.	O


You	O
may	O
have	O
heard	O
of	O
the	O
Crips	O
or	O
seen	O
them	O
portrayed	O
in	O
the	O
movies	O
/.	O


Well	O
Williams	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
convicted	O
killer	O
/.	O


but	O
people	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
country	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
save	O
his	O
life	O
/.	O


CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Chris	B-PERSON
Lawrence	I-PERSON
looks	O
into	O
why	O
/.	O


/.	O


Actor	O
Jamie	B-PERSON
Foxx	I-PERSON
is	O
asking	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
governor	O
to	O
spare	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
the	O
man	O
he	O
played	O
on	O
screen	O
/.	O


I	O
never	O
back	O
down	O
never	O
/.	O


Stanley	B-PERSON
Tookie	I-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
co-founded	O
the	O
Crips	O
street	O
gang	O
/.	O


He	O
robbed	O
and	O
murdered	O
and	O
was	O
convicted	O
of	O
his	O
crimes	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
eighty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
/.	O


But	O
from	O
his	O
cell	O
on	O
death	O
row	O
Williams	B-PERSON
spent	O
years	O
writing	O
children	O
's	O
books	O
and	O
preaching	O
against	O
gang	O
violence	O
/.	O


And	O
if	O
he	O
dies	O
some	O
people	O
are	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
learn	O
from	O
his	O
mistakes	O
/.	O


Edgar	B-PERSON
Medina	I-PERSON
read	O
the	O
books	O
and	O
says	O
Williams	B-PERSON
convinced	O
him	O
to	O
stay	O
in	O
school	O
/.	O


If	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
in	O
a	O
gang	O
right	O
now	O
I	O
would	O
've	O
probably	O
be	O
in	O
jail	O
dead	O
/.	O


Instead	O
he	O
's	O
fifteen	B-DATE
on	O
track	O
to	O
graduate	O
and	O
go	O
to	O
college	O
/.	O


I	O
heard	O
one	O
report	O
where	O
they	O
say	O
he	O
saved	O
a	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
fifty	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
kids	O
from	O
joining	O
gangs	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
absurd	O
/.	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
/?	O


Retired	O
sergeant	O
Wes	B-PERSON
McBride	I-PERSON
worked	O
the	O
gang	O
detail	O
for	O
twenty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
LA	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
/.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
against	O
the	O
law	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
gang	O
member	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
against	O
the	O
law	O
to	O
kill	O
people	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
he	O
's	O
convicted	O
of	O
/.	O


A	O
witness	O
says	O
Williams	B-PERSON
robbed	O
and	O
executed	O
a	O
Seven	B-ORG
Eleven	I-ORG
employee	O
then	O
made	O
fun	O
of	O
the	O
man	O
as	O
he	O
died	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
also	O
convicted	O
of	O
gunning	O
down	O
an	O
entire	O
family	O
father	O
mother	O
and	O
daughter	O
/.	O


Writing	O
a	O
few	O
books	O
does	O
n't	O
exonerate	O
you	O
from	O
your	O
crimes	O
/.	O


In	O
Williams	B-PERSON
'	O
case	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
/.	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
thirteenth	I-DATE
he	O
's	O
scheduled	O
to	O
die	O
/.	O


I	O
am	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
signing	O
a	O
warrant	O
of	O
execution	O
/.	O


Williams	B-PERSON
'	O
books	O
are	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
his	O
legacy	O
/.	O


so	O
are	O
the	O
Crips	O
/.	O


In	O
thirty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
the	O
gang	O
has	O
spread	O
from	O
California	B-GPE
to	O
just	O
about	O
every	O
state	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


Fred	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
works	O
with	O
kids	O
who	O
grow	O
up	O
surrounded	O
by	O
gangs	O
/.	O


He	O
says	O
they	O
really	O
listen	O
to	O
Williams	B-PERSON
do	O
n't	O
tune	O
him	O
out	O
like	O
cops	O
or	O
counselors	O
/.	O


To	O
kill	O
Stan	B-PERSON
will	O
be	O
throwing	O
the	O
baby	O
out	O
with	O
the	O
bath	O
water	O
/.	O


Jackson	B-PERSON
says	O
executing	O
Williams	B-PERSON
sends	O
the	O
wrong	O
message	O
/.	O


You	O
would	O
be	O
telling	O
gang	O
members	O
or	O
those	O
wannabe	O
gang	O
members	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
how	O
you	O
turn	O
your	O
life	O
around	O
/.	O


once	O
you	O
are	O
stuck	O
you	O
are	O
stuck	O
/.	O


No	O
condemned	O
murderer	O
has	O
been	O
granted	O
clemency	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
since	O
nineteen	B-DATE
sixty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
/.	O


The	O
odds	O
are	O
against	O
any	O
man	O
even	O
one	O
like	O
Tookie	B-PERSON
Williams	O
who	O
was	O
nominated	O
for	O
a	B-WORK_OF_ART
Nobel	I-WORK_OF_ART
Peace	I-WORK_OF_ART
prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


But	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
win	O
it	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
and	O
even	O
if	O
he	O
did	O
does	O
that	O
mean	O
uh	O
you	O
're	O
forgiven	O
for	O
murdering	O
a	O
whole	O
family	O
/?	O


No	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
so	O
/.	O


Like	O
his	O
life	O
Tookie	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
'	I-PERSON
legacy	O
will	O
be	O
complicated	O
/.	O


Chris	B-PERSON
Lawrence	I-PERSON
CNN	B-ORG
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
/.	O


Well	O
among	O
those	O
who	O
believe	O
Tookie	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
'	I-PERSON
life	O
should	O
be	O
spared	O
is	O
Lewis	B-PERSON
Yablonsky	I-PERSON
a	O
criminologist	O
expert	O
in	O
gang	O
behavior	O
and	O
author	O
of	O
the	O
book	O
Gangsters	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


He	O
joins	O
us	O
now	O
live	O
/.	O


Sir	O
let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
Tookie	B-PERSON
should	O
not	O
die	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
studying	O
gangs	O
for	O
fifty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


and	O
we	O
're	O
always	O
looking	O
for	O
solutions	O
/.	O


Uh	O
here	O
's	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
has	O
changed	O
his	O
lifestyle	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
read	O
all	O
his	O
books	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
significant	O
in	O
contributing	O
some	O
theories	O
to	O
my	O
book	O
uh	O
Gangsters	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
positive	O
force	O
in	O
uh	O
turning	O
around	O
young	O
gangsters	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
there	O
're	O
several	O
programs	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
California	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
uh	I-ORG
Corrections	I-ORG
where	O
uh	O
ex-offenders	O
some	O
lifers	O
are	O
working	O
with	O
young	O
offenders	O
very	O
effectively	O
/.	O


Uh	O
the	O
Amity	B-ORG
program	O
uh	O
in	O
several	O
prisons	O
Phoenix	B-ORG
program	I-ORG
in	O
several	O
prisons	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
I	O
've	O
seen	O
uh	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
lifers	O
individuals	O
who	O
are	O
what	O
I	O
would	O
refer	O
to	O
as	O
experienced	O
therapists	O
/.	O


These	O
are	O
individuals	O
who	O
've	O
been	O
there	O
like	O
Tookie	B-PERSON
/.	O


They	O
've	O
gone	O
through	O
a	O
transformation	O
as	O
he	O
has	O
over	O
a	B-DATE
period	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


and	O
they	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
real	O
impact	O
on	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
younger	O
offenders	O
to	O
not	O
go	O
down	O
their	O
path	O
and	O
end	O
up	O
uh	O
being	O
executed	O
/.	O


Well	O
you	O
know	O
he	O
writes	O
in	O
his	O
memoir	O
it	O
was	O
u-	O
ha-	O
/-	O


He	O
says	O
daily	B-DATE
he	O
spent	O
studying	O
and	O
questioning	O
uh	O
and	O
soulsearching	O
/.	O


He	O
said	O
he	O
began	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
critical	O
reasoning	O
from	O
which	O
sprang	O
the	O
first	O
stirring	O
of	O
+conscience	O
/.	O


This	O
was	O
the	O
moment	O
when	O
redemption	O
infused	O
itself	O
into	O
my	O
life	O
/.	O


You	O
read	O
this	O
writing	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
think	O
wow	O
this	O
is	O
somebody	O
who	O
killed	O
three	B-CARDINAL
people	O
/?	O


Do	O
you	O
believe	O
that	O
murderers	O
can	O
be	O
reformed	O
/?	O


Is	O
this	O
man	O
healthy	O
/?	O


If	O
he	O
were	O
to	O
walk	O
the	O
streets	O
again	O
would	O
he	O
never	O
kill	O
again	O
/?	O


we	O
're	O
not	O
talking	O
about	O
letting	O
him	O
out	O
of	O
prison	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
clemency	O
to	O
give	O
him	O
life	O
without	O
parole	O
where	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
kill	O
him	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
have	O
already	O
made	O
some	O
uh	O
efforts	O
to	O
put	O
him	O
into	O
a	O
particular	O
program	O
where	O
he	O
would	O
uh	O
be	O
effective	O
/.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
gang	O
problems	O
uh	O
of	O
the	O
insanity	O
of	O
gang	O
problems	O
is	O
young	O
black	O
men	O
killing	O
young	O
black	O
men	O
and	O
Hispanic	B-NORP
kids	O
killing	O
Hispanic	B-NORP
kids	O
/.	O


He	O
talks	O
a	O
lot	O
about	O
black	O
on	O
black	O
crime	O
/.	O


Tookie	B-PERSON
/-	O


Right	O
/.	O


And	O
Tookie	B-PERSON
has	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
some	O
interesting	O
observations	O
about	O
why	O
this	O
goes	O
on	O
as	O
/-	O


Uh	O
they	O
're	O
good	O
enough	O
to	O
put	O
in	O
my	O
theoretical	O
book	O
on	O
gangsters	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
could	O
be	O
very	O
effective	O
in	O
a	O
program	O
/.	O


and	O
as	O
I	O
've	O
indicated	O
I	O
've	O
already	O
talked	O
to	O
the	O
director	O
uh	O
of	O
a	O
program	O
in	O
the	O
California	B-GPE
prison	O
system	O
/.	O


And	O
if	O
Governor	O
Schwarzenegger	B-PERSON
really	O
means	O
what	O
he	O
says	O
about	O
uh	O
the	B-ORG
California	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Corrections	I-ORG
with	O
emphasis	O
on	O
corrections	O
and	O
rehabilitation	O
he	O
should	O
spare	O
his	O
life	O
/.	O


But	O
/-	O


He	O
's	O
really	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
who	O
can	O
do	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
as	O
I	O
've	O
/-	O


Well	O
Lewis	O
let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
/.	O


let	O
's	O
say	O
he	O
is	O
granted	O
clemency	O
/.	O


what	O
do	O
you	O
say	O
to	O
the	O
victims	O
'	O
families	O
/?	O


Well	O
we	O
talk	O
about	O
redemption	O
/.	O


We	O
talk	O
about	O
forgiveness	O
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
put	O
it	O
this	O
way	O
/.	O


Uh	O
twenty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
I	O
was	O
a	O
different	O
person	O
than	O
I	O
am	O
now	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
Tookie	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
from	O
my	O
communications	O
with	O
him	O
is	O
a	O
different	O
person	O
today	B-DATE
than	O
when	O
we	O
was	O
convicted	O
of	O
these	O
crimes	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
uh	O
excusing	O
the	O
crimes	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
necessarily	O
uh	O
against	O
the	O
death	O
penalty	O
/.	O


Uh	O
some	O
individuals	O
perhaps	O
should	O
get	O
the	O
death	O
penalty	O
/.	O


but	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
can	O
contribute	O
to	O
our	O
society	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
can	O
be	O
effective	O
/.	O


I	O
know	O
how	O
police	O
officers	O
feel	O
about	O
it	O
/.	O


but	O
/-	O


I	O
know	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
've	O
been	O
studying	O
this	O
for	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
thirty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


Lewis	B-PERSON
Yablonsky	I-PERSON
uh	O
I	O
thank	O
you	O
sir	O
so	O
much	O
for	O
your	O
time	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
talked	O
about	O
family	O
members	O
/.	O


and	O
Lora	B-PERSON
Owens	I-PERSON
is	O
the	O
stepmother	O
of	O
Albert	B-PERSON
Owens	I-PERSON
the	O
convenience	O
store	O
worker	O
that	O
Tookie	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
was	O
convicted	O
of	O
killing	O
/.	O


She	O
joins	O
us	O
now	O
by	O
phone	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
appreciate	O
your	O
time	O
Lora	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
take	O
a	B-TIME
moment	I-TIME
to	O
talk	O
about	O
Albert	B-PERSON
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
mind	O
and	O
just	O
uh	O
remind	O
us	O
about	O
his	O
life	O
/.	O


Okay	O
/.	O


Go	O
ahead	O
Lora	B-PERSON
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
having	O
me	O
on	O
/.	O


I	O
appreciate	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
even	O
speak	O
about	O
Albert	B-PERSON
/.	O


He	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
forgotten	O
one	O
/.	O


Unfortunately	O
the	O
Owens	B-PERSON
family	O
studied	O
gangs	O
specifically	O
the	O
gang	O
that	O
Williams	B-PERSON
had	O
because	O
it	O
affected	O
our	O
life	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
have	O
any	O
idea	O
the	O
impact	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
had	O
on	O
the	O
Owens	B-PERSON
family	O
/?	O


See	O
the	O
picture	O
of	O
my	O
son	O
/?	O


We	O
see	O
him	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
man	O
that	O
went	O
out	O
/.	O


he	O
wanted	O
to	O
make	O
an	O
honest	O
living	O
where	O
Williams	B-PERSON
goes	O
out	O
to	O
take	O
whatever	O
he	O
wants	O
/.	O


Now	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
major	O
impact	O
/.	O


Life	O
's	O
different	O
now	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
Williams	B-PERSON
did	O
to	O
the	O
Owens	B-PERSON
family	O
/.	O


Life	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
different	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
study	O
gangs	O
/.	O


I	O
only	O
have	O
to	O
study	O
what	O
Williams	B-PERSON
did	O
/.	O


Is	O
death	O
/-	O


A	O
big	O
difference	O
/.	O


Lora	B-PERSON
is	O
death	O
the	O
answer	O
/?	O


Does	O
Tookie	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
need	O
to	O
die	O
/?	O


Is	O
that	O
what	O
would	O
make	O
you	O
feel	O
better	O
would	O
make	O
your	O
family	O
feel	O
better	O
/?	O


It	O
's	O
called	O
closure	O
Miss	O
Phillips	B-PERSON
/.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
it	O
's	O
called	O
because	O
when	O
someone	O
like	O
Williams	B-PERSON
can	O
do	O
all	O
of	O
these	O
things	O
/-	O


what	O
has	O
he	O
paid	O
/?	O


He	O
does	O
n't	O
even	O
say	O
he	O
's	O
guilty	O
/.	O


He	O
says	O
he	O
's	O
innocent	O
/.	O


Alright	O
so	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
with	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
appeals	O
/.	O


He	O
says	O
he	O
's	O
sorry	O
/.	O


For	O
what	O
/.	O


that	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
away	O
with	O
it	O
/?	O


He	O
could	O
do	O
so	O
much	O
to	O
stop	O
gangs	O
/.	O


He	O
/-	O


Is	O
he	O
/?	O


No	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
do	O
any	O
of	O
that	O
/.	O


What	O
he	O
does	O
is	O
find	O
somebody	O
who	O
's	O
willing	O
to	O
write	O
for	O
him	O
somebody	O
who	O
's	O
out	O
there	O
with	O
the	O
cause	O
/.	O


Williams	B-PERSON
is	O
n't	O
the	O
important	O
one	O
in	O
this	O
right	O
to	O
life	O
cause	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
cause	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
all	O
of	O
these	O
people	O
behind	O
him	O
/.	O


They	O
have	O
n't	O
walked	O
where	O
the	O
Owens	B-PERSON
family	O
has	O
walked	O
/.	O


They	O
have	O
n't	O
had	O
to	O
take	O
someone	O
who	O
's	O
been	O
murdered	O
and	O
try	O
and	O
build	O
a	O
life	O
without	O
them	O
/.	O


Lora	B-PERSON
Tookie	B-PERSON
has	O
this	O
apology	O
uh	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
written	O
that	O
of	O
course	O
he	O
wants	O
everybody	O
to	O
hear	O
/.	O


Part	O
of	O
it	O
says	O
I	O
pray	O
that	O
one	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
my	O
apology	O
will	O
be	O
accepted	O
/.	O


I	O
also	O
pray	O
that	O
your	O
suffering	O
caused	O
by	O
gang	O
violence	O
will	O
soon	O
come	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
as	O
more	O
gang	O
members	O
wake	O
up	O
and	O
stop	O
hurting	O
themselves	O
and	O
others	O
/.	O


I	O
vow	O
to	O
spend	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
my	O
life	O
working	O
toward	O
solutions	O
/.	O


Does	O
that	O
give	O
you	O
any	O
sense	O
of	O
peace	O
/?	O


He	O
did	O
n't	O
write	O
it	O
to	O
us	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
who	O
he	O
wrote	O
that	O
to	O
/.	O


He	O
wrote	O
that	O
to	O
further	O
his	O
gang	O
connections	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
who	O
he	O
's	O
writing	O
that	O
to	O
/.	O


He	O
did	O
n't	O
write	O
that	O
to	O
the	O
Owens	B-PERSON
family	O
/.	O


Lora	B-PERSON
Owens	I-PERSON
stepmother	O
of	O
Albert	B-PERSON
Owens	I-PERSON
we	O
sure	O
appreciate	O
your	O
time	O
/.	O


I	O
know	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
difficult	O
uh	O
period	O
for	O
you	O
and	O
your	O
family	O
/.	O


Um	O
thank	O
you	O
Lora	B-PERSON
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
/.	O


Well	O
different	O
perspective	O
/.	O


We	O
brought	O
you	O
the	O
tale	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
/.	O


and	O
now	O
we	O
bring	O
you	O
a	O
tale	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
families	O
/.	O


And	O
it	O
'll	O
be	O
interesting	O
to	O
see	O
what	O
happens	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
protesting	O
and	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
that	O
uh	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
die	O
/.	O


Still	O
ahead	O
on	O
Newsnight	B-WORK_OF_ART
winter	O
is	O
coming	O
to	O
the	O
mountains	O
of	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
/.	O


Will	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
who	O
survived	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
massive	O
earthquake	O
now	O
succumb	O
to	O
something	O
else	O
bitter	O
cold	O
/?	O


Also	O
/-	O


The	O
city	O
of	O
lights	O
is	O
aflame	O
with	O
torched	O
cars	O
/.	O


A	O
frightening	O
week	B-DATE
of	O
violence	O
continues	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
/.	O


Newsnight	B-WORK_OF_ART
will	O
return	O
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
a	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
/.	O


High	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Himalaya	I-LOC
Mountains	I-LOC
tragedy	O
is	O
ready	O
to	O
strike	O
once	O
again	O
/.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
it	O
came	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
massive	O
earthquake	O
/.	O


Soon	O
though	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
freezing	O
temperatures	O
and	O
the	O
snow	O
of	O
a	O
bitter	O
winter	B-DATE
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
terrible	O
toll	O
/.	O


The	O
number	O
's	O
already	O
brutal	O
/.	O


Death	O
toll	O
eighty	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
by	O
some	O
counts	O
and	O
climbing	O
/.	O


Another	B-CARDINAL
eight	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
without	O
shelter	O
/.	O


not	O
even	O
a	O
tent	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
/.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
in	O
need	O
of	O
food	O
/.	O


Many	O
in	O
mountain	O
regions	O
where	O
relief	O
trucks	O
or	O
even	O
helicopters	O
ca	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
/.	O


Now	O
ITV	B-ORG
's	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Neely	I-PERSON
reports	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
just	O
from	O
the	B-LOC
Kashmir	I-LOC
region	I-LOC
/.	O


that	O
's	O
the	O
area	O
right	O
between	O
India	B-GPE
and	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
/.	O


The	O
helicopters	O
are	O
still	O
busy	O
here	O
/.	O


but	O
the	O
weather	O
is	O
worsening	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
days	B-DATE
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
fly	O
and	O
places	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
go	O
/.	O


Into	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
these	O
today	B-DATE
came	O
Save	B-ORG
the	I-ORG
Children	I-ORG
driving	O
a	O
convoy	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
tents	O
six	B-QUANTITY
thousand	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
up	O
into	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Kashmir	B-LOC
's	O
most	O
remote	O
corners	O
/.	O


There	O
waiting	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
villagers	O
/.	O


this	O
aid	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
life	O
and	O
death	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
man	O
at	O
least	O
has	O
suffered	O
enough	O
death	O
/.	O


Is	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
kids	O
one	B-CARDINAL
mom	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
wife	O
/.	O


He	O
lost	O
his	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
children	O
/.	O


Seven	B-CARDINAL
children	O
/.	O


He	O
lost	O
his	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
childrens	O
plus	O
eh	O
his	O
wife	O
and	O
eh	O
his	O
mom	O
/.	O


Even	O
the	O
blind	O
walked	O
for	O
hours	B-TIME
across	O
a	O
mountain	O
to	O
get	O
here	O
/.	O


The	O
tents	O
blankets	O
and	O
clothes	O
their	O
only	O
protection	O
against	O
a	O
brutal	O
winter	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
race	O
here	O
against	O
time	O
and	O
against	O
the	O
heavy	O
snows	O
that	O
are	O
on	O
their	O
way	O
/.	O


In	O
about	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
time	O
these	O
mountains	O
and	O
this	O
valley	O
will	O
be	O
covered	O
in	O
snow	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
logic	O
of	O
survival	O
then	O
is	O
brutally	O
simple	O
/.	O


Anyone	O
without	O
shelter	O
will	O
die	O
/.	O


The	O
problem	O
is	O
there	O
are	O
n't	O
enough	O
tents	O
here	O
or	O
anywhere	O
else	O
/.	O


so	O
a	O
second	O
disaster	O
that	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
says	O
could	O
kill	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
is	O
n't	O
just	O
looming	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
highly	O
likely	O
/.	O


These	O
children	O
survived	O
the	O
earthquake	O
/.	O


Twenty	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
did	O
n't	O
/.	O


The	O
coming	O
cold	O
and	O
hunger	O
could	O
carry	O
off	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
more	O
/.	O


So	O
they	O
struggle	O
away	O
with	O
their	O
tents	O
/.	O


and	O
even	O
the	O
aid	O
workers	O
who	O
've	O
been	O
through	O
the	O
tsunami	O
struggle	O
to	O
cope	O
here	O
/.	O


Logistically	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
worst	O
without	O
a	O
doubt	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
getting	O
high	O
in	O
mountains	O
/.	O


The	O
road	O
that	O
we	O
came	O
up	O
now	O
is	O
pretty	O
perilous	O
to	O
say	O
the	O
least	O
/.	O


but	O
we	O
could	O
get	O
vehicles	O
up	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
places	O
have	O
got	O
no	O
vehicular	O
access	O
whatsoever	O
/.	O


Then	O
we	O
're	O
talking	O
meal	O
trains	O
and	O
helicopters	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
're	O
really	O
running	O
out	O
of	O
time	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
quite	O
a	O
serious	O
situation	O
/.	O


the	O
tsunami	O
was	O
much	O
easier	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
than	O
this	O
/?	O


The	O
tsunami	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
winter	B-DATE
coming	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
here	O
we	O
've	O
just	O
got	O
this	O
hammer	O
blow	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
come	O
down	O
very	O
very	O
shortly	O
/.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
disaster	O
was	O
an	O
act	O
of	O
god	O
/.	O


A	O
second	B-ORDINAL
can	O
be	O
prevented	O
by	O
time	O
/.	O


and	O
aid	O
money	O
is	O
running	O
out	O
/.	O


As	O
we	O
left	O
night	B-TIME
fell	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
snow	O
fell	O
too	O
/.	O


It	O
did	O
n't	O
settle	O
/.	O


but	O
it	O
will	O
soon	O
/.	O


Pakistan	B-GPE
's	O
mountain	O
people	O
are	O
braced	O
for	O
another	O
terrible	O
test	O
/.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Neely	I-PERSON
ITV	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Naganari	B-GPE
Kashmir	B-LOC
/.	O


Well	O
in	O
a	B-TIME
moment	I-TIME
how	O
sweet	O
it	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
rise	O
/.	O


but	O
first	O
we	O
turn	O
to	O
Erica	B-PERSON
Hill	I-PERSON
in	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
with	O
some	O
other	O
stories	O
making	O
headlines	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


Hi	O
Erica	B-PERSON
/.	O


Hey	O
Kyra	B-PERSON
good	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
tonight	B-TIME
/.	O


We	O
start	O
off	O
with	O
a	O
question	O
many	O
are	O
asking	O
tonight	B-TIME
/.	O


could	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
way	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
Iraq	B-GPE
war	O
before	O
it	O
started	O
/?	O


A	O
senior	O
official	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Arab	I-ORG
Emirates	I-ORG
tells	O
CNN	B-ORG
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
was	O
ready	O
to	O
accept	O
exile	O
there	O
to	O
avoid	O
war	O
but	O
then	O
just	O
days	O
before	O
war	O
broke	O
out	O
,	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
's	O
demands	O
were	O
not	O
met	O
and	O
the	O
deal	O
fell	O
through	O
/.	O


In	O
the	O
troubled	O
suburbs	O
of	O
Paris	B-GPE
a	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
straight	O
night	B-TIME
of	O
violence	O
sparked	O
by	O
the	O
accidental	O
death	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
teens	O
/.	O


About	O
one	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
eighty	I-CARDINAL
cars	O
have	O
been	O
torched	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
/.	O


Police	O
are	O
hesitant	O
to	O
venture	O
into	O
the	O
largely	O
African	B-NORP
and	O
Muslim	B-NORP
neighborhoods	O
/.	O


but	O
they	O
have	O
fired	O
rubber	O
bullets	O
and	O
tear	O
gas	O
at	O
gangs	O
of	O
young	O
people	O
throwing	O
stones	O
/.	O


And	O
finally	O
tonight	O
the	O
world	O
famous	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
Rockettes	B-ORG
not	O
kicking	O
up	O
their	O
heels	O
tonight	B-TIME
/.	O


The	O
precision	O
dancers	O
walked	O
off	O
the	O
job	O
at	O
an	O
evening	B-TIME
dress	O
rehearsal	O
for	O
the	O
annual	B-DATE
Christmas	B-DATE
spectacular	O
to	O
support	O
striking	O
musicians	O
/.	O


No	O
word	O
on	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
they	O
walked	O
off	O
in	O
step	O
/.	O


Oh	O
have	O
you	O
seen	O
those	O
costumes	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
/?	O


They	O
're	O
amazing	O
/.	O


Oh	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
interview	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
these	O
beautiful	O
women	O
/.	O


and	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
they	O
're	O
like	O
six	B-CARDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
/.	O


and	O
the	O
feathers	O
are	O
taller	O
than	O
fitting	O
into	O
this	O
box	O
/.	O


And	O
heavy	O
/.	O


Ew	O
/.	O


Exactly	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
I	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
showgirl	O
/.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
pull	O
it	O
off	O
/.	O


No	O
you	O
stick	O
with	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
doing	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
Erica	B-PERSON
/.	O


You	O
two	B-CARDINAL
stop	O
/.	O


Thanks	O
Kyra	B-PERSON
/.	O


Still	O
to	O
come	O
on	O
Newsnight	B-WORK_OF_ART
a	O
sweeter	O
than	O
average	O
story	O
much	O
much	O
sweeter	O
as	O
we	O
belly	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
bar	O
the	O
candy	O
bar	O
/.	O


Do	O
n't	O
get	O
any	O
ideas	O
Rick	B-PERSON
/.	O


Got	O
it	O
/.	O


Got	O
it	O
/.	O


With	O
Halloween	B-DATE
on	O
our	O
minds	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
we	O
thought	O
of	O
/.	O


We	O
thought	O
of	O
Willy	B-WORK_OF_ART
Wonka	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Chocolate	I-WORK_OF_ART
Factory	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Duh	O
dad	O
as	O
my	O
daughter	O
would	O
say	O
/.	O


To	O
Dylan	B-PERSON
Lauren	I-PERSON
though	O
who	O
inherited	O
a	O
business	O
smarts	O
from	O
her	O
father	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
Ralph	B-PERSON
Lauren	I-PERSON
the	O
film	O
was	O
a	O
big	O
screen	O
candy	O
coated	O
business	O
plan	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
she	O
as	O
you	O
'll	O
see	O
is	O
now	O
on	O
the	O
rise	O
/.	O


Hi	O
I	O
'm	O
Dylan	B-PERSON
Lauren	I-PERSON
/.	O


And	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
candy	O
lover	O
/.	O


So	O
I	O
decided	O
to	O
take	O
my	O
passion	O
and	O
create	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
largest	O
candy	O
store	O
and	O
fill	O
it	O
with	O
candy	O
and	O
anything	O
candy	O
related	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
Dylan	B-ORG
the	I-ORG
Candy	I-ORG
Bar	I-ORG
is	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
an	O
homage	O
to	O
candy	O
/.	O


I	O
was	O
inspired	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
younger	O
by	O
uh	O
Charlie	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Chocolate	I-WORK_OF_ART
Factory	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
stores	O
that	O
have	O
a	O
sort	O
of	O
entertainment	O
philosophy	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
just	O
thought	O
there	O
's	O
not	O
anything	O
like	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
candy	O
business	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
/-	O


FAO	B-ORG
Schwartz	I-ORG
had	O
it	O
with	O
toys	O
/.	O


or	O
Niketown	B-ORG
has	O
it	O
with	O
sneakers	O
/.	O


I	O
thought	O
would	O
n't	O
it	O
be	O
fun	O
for	O
even	O
me	O
who	O
's	O
a	O
candy	O
freak	O
to	O
just	O
walk	O
in	O
and	O
have	O
this	O
like	O
oversized	O
emporium	O
of	O
oversized	O
lollipops	O
/.	O


I	O
have	O
four	B-CARDINAL
stores	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
hoping	O
to	O
open	O
a	B-CARDINAL
good	I-CARDINAL
twenty	I-CARDINAL
more	O
/.	O


The	O
flagship	O
's	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
/.	O


The	O
other	O
Dylan	B-FAC
's	I-FAC
Candy	I-FAC
Bars	I-FAC
are	O
in	O
Houston	B-GPE
Orlando	B-GPE
and	O
Roosevelt	B-GPE
Field	I-GPE
/.	O


Well	O
this	O
is	O
my	O
office	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
always	O
loved	O
candy	O
/.	O


At	O
first	O
it	O
was	O
about	O
the	O
taste	O
/.	O


I	O
love	O
gummy	O
bears	O
and	O
gummy	O
fish	O
/.	O


I	O
just	O
always	O
started	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
candy	O
's	O
packaging	O
/.	O


And	O
as	O
an	O
art	O
history	O
major	O
I	O
also	O
was	O
influenced	O
by	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
pop	O
artists	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
our	O
stripe	O
which	O
are	O
on	O
our	O
bags	O
and	O
our	O
logos	O
/.	O


I	O
really	O
loved	O
art	O
and	O
candy	O
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
like	O
the	O
ones	O
that	O
we	O
were	O
talking	O
about	O
for	O
the	O
malls	O
though	O
/?	O


Our	O
theme	O
is	O
to	O
basically	O
merge	O
pop	O
culture	O
art	O
fashion	O
with	O
candy	O
and	O
also	O
to	O
have	O
like	O
the	O
largest	O
assortment	O
of	O
colors	O
and	O
flavors	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
our	O
body	O
uh	O
shake	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
milk	O
bubble	O
bath	O
chocolate	O
/.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
just	O
carry	O
candy	O
per	O
se	O
to	O
eat	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
a	O
spa	O
product	O
like	O
chocolate	O
bath	O
powders	O
and	O
vanilla	O
body	O
moisturizers	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
expanding	O
into	O
um	O
our	O
own	O
Dylan	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Candy	I-ORG
Bars	I-ORG
spa	O
line	O
/.	O


Our	O
customer	O
is	O
really	O
the	O
kid	O
in	O
the	O
adult	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
anyone	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
candy	O
store	O
brings	O
out	O
the	O
kid	O
in	O
everyone	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
definitely	O
am	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
/.	O


people	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
old	O
I	O
am	O
/.	O


People	O
think	O
I	O
'm	O
fifteen	B-DATE
because	O
I	O
love	O
candy	O
and	O
I	O
love	O
colors	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
mature	O
sensibility	O
about	O
it	O
too	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
sort	O
of	O
attitude	O
of	O
creativity	O
and	O
fun	O
and	O
anything	O
is	O
possible	O
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
a	B-TIME
special	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
of	O
Newsnight	B-WORK_OF_ART
winning	O
the	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
how	O
other	O
nations	O
are	O
fighting	O
terrorism	O
and	O
what	O
we	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
are	O
learning	O
from	O
them	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
Newsnight	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Well	O
it	O
has	O
happened	O
again	O
/.	O


Even	O
years	B-DATE
later	I-DATE
the	O
names	O
still	O
raise	O
a	O
chill	O
Paducah	B-GPE
Jonesborough	B-GPE
Columbine	B-ORG
/.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
a	O
new	O
town	O
another	O
boy	O
/.	O


but	O
the	O
terror	O
is	O
just	O
the	O
same	O
/.	O


CNN	B-ORG
's	O
David	B-PERSON
Mattingly	I-PERSON
joins	O
us	O
now	O
/.	O


David	B-PERSON
what	O
's	O
happening	O
/?	O


Anderson	B-PERSON
about	O
a	B-DATE
little	I-DATE
after	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
o'clock	I-DATE
today	I-DATE
a	O
fifteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
student	O
wielding	O
a	O
hand	O
gun	O
shot	O
and	O
killed	O
an	O
assistant	O
prinicpal	O
then	O
badly	O
wounded	O
the	O
principal	O
and	O
another	O
assistant	O
principal	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
the	O
suspect	O
was	O
taken	O
into	O
custody	O
after	O
he	O
was	O
subdued	O
by	O
staff	O
here	O
at	O
the	O
high	O
school	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
taken	O
to	O
a	O
hospital	O
where	O
he	O
was	O
treated	O
for	O
what	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
gun	O
shot	O
wound	O
to	O
his	O
own	O
hand	O
suggesting	O
there	O
might	O
have	O
been	O
uh	O
a	O
struggle	O
going	O
on	O
afterwards	O
/.	O


But	O
police	O
here	O
tonight	B-TIME
are	O
continuing	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
any	O
bit	O
of	O
evidence	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
/.	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
this	O
happened	O
the	O
school	O
went	O
into	O
a	O
lockdown	O
/.	O


the	O
students	O
were	O
not	O
allowed	O
to	O
leave	O
their	O
classes	O
/.	O


This	O
went	O
on	O
for	O
about	B-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
before	O
they	O
were	O
finally	O
let	O
out	O
and	O
everyone	O
was	O
finally	O
able	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
what	O
had	O
happened	O
here	O
/.	O


So	O
many	O
people	O
shocked	O
and	O
absolutely	O
stunned	O
by	O
what	O
happened	O
/.	O


so	O
many	O
times	O
we	O
have	O
heard	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
believe	O
this	O
happened	O
in	O
our	O
small	O
town	O
/.	O


But	O
this	O
tragdey	O
definitely	O
has	O
come	O
to	O
roost	O
here	O
after	O
taking	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
a	O
very	O
popular	O
assistant	O
principal	O
here	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
/.	O


Uh	O
this	O
is	O
Jacksborough	B-GPE
Tennessee	B-GPE
we	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
/.	O


how	O
big	O
a	O
place	O
is	O
Jacksboro	B-GPE
/?	O


Um	O
not	O
very	O
big	O
at	O
all	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
when	O
I	O
asked	O
the	O
sheriff	O
exactly	O
how	O
many	O
people	O
were	O
here	O
he	O
said	O
he	O
could	O
n't	O
really	O
tell	O
me	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
that	O
he	O
gave	O
me	O
the	O
county	O
at	O
large	O
but	O
there	O
were	O
thirteen	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
students	O
here	O
at	O
the	O
school	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
big	O
high	O
school	O
for	O
this	O
county	O
/.	O


So	O
not	O
many	O
people	O
at	O
all	O
/.	O


Everyone	O
knew	O
uh	O
the	O
people	O
at	O
this	O
school	O
particularly	O
this	O
administrator	O
and	O
assitant	O
principal	O
Ken	B-PERSON
Bruce	I-PERSON
/.	O


Students	O
tonight	B-TIME
saying	O
he	O
was	O
very	O
well	O
-	O
liked	O
very	O
approachable	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
teacher	O
who	O
would	O
actually	O
give	O
you	O
lunch	O
money	O
if	O
you	O
forgot	O
to	O
bring	O
it	O
with	O
you	O
that	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
/.	O


So	O
they	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
him	O
tonight	B-TIME
/.	O


They	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
missing	O
him	O
very	O
much	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
/.	O


About	O
a	B-TIME
little	I-TIME
after	I-TIME
two	I-TIME
o'clock	I-TIME
today	O
a	O
fifteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
student	O
wielding	O
a	O
hand	O
gun	O
shot	O
and	O
killed	O
an	O
assistant	O
principal	O
then	O
badly	O
wounded	O
the	O
principal	O
and	O
another	O
assistant	O
principal	O
/.	O


And	O
David	B-PERSON
do	O
we	O
know	O
what	O
time	O
of	O
day	O
this	O
happened	O
/?	O


Shortly	B-TIME
after	I-TIME
two	I-TIME
o'clock	I-TIME
today	B-DATE
it	O
happened	O
near	O
the	O
office	O
of	O
this	O
school	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
some	O
witnesses	O
at	O
the	O
office	O
say	O
it	O
happened	O
just	O
right	O
there	O
next	O
to	O
them	O
while	O
they	O
were	O
there	O
trying	O
to	O
conduct	O
some	O
business	O
at	O
the	O
school	O
/.	O


Uh	O
police	O
are	O
still	O
trying	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
what	O
led	O
up	O
to	O
that	O
,	O
why	O
the	O
student	O
was	O
there	O
at	O
the	O
office	O
and	O
what	O
exactly	O
transpired	O
between	O
him	O
and	O
the	O
administrators	O
before	O
those	O
shots	O
were	O
fired	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
appreciate	O
that	O
/.	O


I	O
know	O
you	O
uh	O
just	O
got	O
to	O
the	O
scene	O
/.	O


Uh	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	B-TIME
long	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
and	O
a	B-DATE
long	I-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
as	O
we	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
piece	O
together	O
uh	O
the	O
information	O
exactly	O
what	O
occured	O
in	O
those	B-TIME
terrible	I-TIME
moments	I-TIME
before	O
the	O
shooting	O
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
where	O
the	O
story	O
and	O
the	O
backstory	O
really	O
start	O
coming	O
together	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
very	O
much	O
an	O
involving	O
process	O
as	O
David	B-PERSON
just	O
said	O
/.	O


The	O
young	O
man	O
has	O
spoked	O
to	O
the	O
police	O
but	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
saying	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
closed	O
crime	O
scene	O
out	O
there	O
tonight	B-TIME
evidence	O
still	O
to	O
be	O
gathered	O
people	O
questioned	O
statements	O
taken	O
/.	O


At	O
some	O
point	O
the	O
picture	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
snap	O
into	O
focus	O
tonight	B-TIME
though	O
we	O
only	O
have	O
sketches	O
/.	O


With	O
us	O
now	O
from	O
Jacksboro	B-GPE
Tennesse	B-GPE
Ethan	B-PERSON
Riggs	I-PERSON
who	O
knows	O
the	O
suspect	O
well	O
and	O
Ethan	B-PERSON
's	O
cousin	O
Nathan	B-PERSON
Lawson	I-PERSON
who	O
was	O
at	O
the	O
school	O
today	B-DATE
/.	O


Uh	O
guys	O
I	O
appreciate	O
you	O
being	O
on	O
the	O
program	O
tonight	B-TIME
/.	O


You	O
Nathan	B-PERSON
you	O
were	O
at	O
the	O
school	O
when	O
it	O
all	O
unfolded	O
/.	O


What	O
did	O
you	O
see	O
/?	O


Well	O
we	O
could	O
n't	O
see	O
anything	O
because	O
we	O
were	O
all	O
in	O
class	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
just	O
heard	O
about	O
uh	O
the	O
student	O
going	O
into	O
the	O
office	O
or	O
around	O
the	O
office	O
and	O
shooting	O
the	O
prinicpal	O
and	O
the	O
assitant	O
principals	O
that	O
were	O
there	O
/.	O


and	O
what	O
happened	O
/?	O


Uh	O
you	O
were	O
in	O
class	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
how	O
did	O
they	O
alert	O
people	O
what	O
happenend	O
/?	O


Well	O
we	O
were	O
already	O
in	O
class	O
/.	O


and	O
Mr.	O
Steele	B-PERSON
got	O
on	O
the	O
intercom	O
and	O
told	O
everyone	O
that	O
we	O
were	O
having	O
a	O
lockdown	O
/.	O


And	O
how	O
long	O
did	O
the	O
lockdown	O
last	O
for	O
/?	O


Uh	O
an	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
and	I-TIME
half	I-TIME
two	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
/.	O


Uh	O
Ethan	B-PERSON
how	O
long	O
have	O
you	O
known	O
the	O
alleged	O
shooter	O
/?	O


I	O
should	O
just	O
point	O
out	O
to	O
our	O
viewers	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
using	O
the	O
young	O
man	O
's	O
name	O
/.	O


Uh	O
he	O
's	O
underage	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
policy	O
and	O
impolicy	O
not	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


Um	O
how	O
long	O
have	O
you	O
known	O
him	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
knew	O
him	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
back	O
in	O
elemetary	O
school	O
but	O
not	O
much	O
uh	O
from	O
here	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
back	O
/.	O


but	O
back	O
in	O
elementary	O
school	O
he	O
was	O
an	O
all	O
-	O
right	O
person	O
and	O
hardly	O
ever	O
got	O
into	O
any	O
trouble	O
/.	O


Uh	O
were	O
you	O
surprised	O
to	O
hear	O
that	O
he	O
might	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
a	O
shooting	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
I	O
was	O
/.	O


Nathan	O
how	O
about	O
you	O
/?	O


did	O
you	O
ever	O
think	O
your	O
classmate	O
was	O
capable	O
of	O
killing	O
/?	O


No	O
not	O
really	O
/-	O


uh	O
he	O
's	O
been	O
in	O
some	O
trouble	O
before	O
but	O
nothing	O
like	O
this	O
/.	O


I	O
would	O
never	O
think	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
do	O
anything	O
like	O
this	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
trouble	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
in	O
before	O
/?	O


Well	O
in	O
middle	O
school	O
he	O
got	O
suspended	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
for	O
stabbing	O
Mr.	O
Steele	B-PERSON
with	O
a	O
pencil	O
/.	O


he	O
stabbed	O
somebody	O
with	O
a	O
pencil	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
the	O
principal	O
/.	O


The	O
principal	O
okay	O
/.	O


Uh	O
now	O
Nathan	B-PERSON
or	O
Ethan	B-PERSON
I	O
mean	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
hear	O
these	O
reports	O
/.	O


teen	O
shooters	O
they	O
're	O
often	O
descibed	O
as	O
you	O
know	O
kids	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
picked	O
on	O
or	O
bullied	O
by	O
peers	O
/.	O


Uh	O
was	O
he	O
that	O
type	O
/?	O


Was	O
he	O
a	O
loner	O
/?	O


Do	O
you	O
know	O
did	O
he	O
get	O
picked	O
on	O
/?	O


Well	O
in	O
elementary	O
school	O
he	O
was	O
never	O
picked	O
on	O
/.	O


Like	O
I	O
said	O
he	O
had	O
friends	O
just	O
like	O
anybody	O
else	O
/.	O


Would	O
n't	O
say	O
he	O
was	O
popular	O
or	O
anything	O
/.	O


but	O
everybody	O
got	O
along	O
with	O
him	O
/.	O


Well	O
it	O
's	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
just	O
a	B-DATE
bizarre	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
for	O
you	O
for	O
both	O
of	O
you	O
and	O
a	B-DATE
tragic	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
for	O
your	O
school	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
appreciate	O
both	O
of	O
you	O
being	O
with	O
us	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
what	O
you	O
know	O
/.	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
/.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
talk	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
more	O
now	O
on	O
why	O
not	O
why	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
because	O
frankly	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
that	O
and	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
speculate	O
,	O
That	O
's	O
unknowable	O
but	O
why	O
in	O
so	O
many	O
other	O
cases	O
because	O
even	O
though	O
it	O
is	O
too	O
soon	O
to	O
tell	O
whether	O
this	O
one	O
fits	O
a	O
pattern	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
pattern	O
and	O
we	O
have	O
seen	O
it	O
time	O
and	O
time	O
again	O
/.	O


Bitter	O
experience	O
has	O
taught	O
us	O
that	O
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Heidi	B-PERSON
Collins	I-PERSON
/.	O


Columbine	B-ORG
Springfield	B-GPE
Pearl	B-GPE
Red	B-GPE
Lake	I-GPE
Minnesota	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
March	I-DATE
and	O
now	O
Jacksboro	B-GPE
Tennessee	B-GPE
/.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
list	O
that	O
conjures	O
up	O
images	O
of	O
screaming	O
children	O
injured	O
victims	O
and	O
gun	O
-	O
wielding	O
kids	O
/.	O


Different	O
towns	O
with	O
tragically	O
similar	O
stories	O
/.	O


What	O
makes	O
these	O
young	O
men	O
snap	O
/.	O


and	O
what	O
qualities	O
if	O
any	O
do	O
school	O
shooters	O
share	O
/?	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
there	O
are	O
dozens	O
of	O
risk	O
factors	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
school	O
violence	O
/.	O


but	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
one	O
definitive	O
profile	O
of	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
criminal	O
/.	O


Most	O
often	O
the	O
perpetrator	O
is	O
a	O
white	O
male	O
age	B-DATE
eleven	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
eighteen	I-DATE
who	O
was	O
described	O
as	O
feeling	O
picked	O
on	O
or	O
bullied	O
by	O
his	O
peers	O
/.	O


We	O
allow	O
boys	O
to	O
be	O
angry	O
and	O
aggressive	O
/.	O


but	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
allow	O
them	O
to	O
express	O
fear	O
and	O
sadness	O
and	O
other	O
more	O
vulnerable	O
emotions	O
/.	O


so	O
hence	O
when	O
they	O
get	O
rejected	O
or	O
they	O
get	O
disappointed	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
harder	O
time	O
dealing	O
with	O
that	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
often	O
comes	O
out	O
in	O
anger	O
/.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
shooters	O
like	O
you	O
see	O
in	O
this	O
video	O
of	O
Dylan	B-PERSON
Clebold	I-PERSON
and	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Harris	I-PERSON
from	O
Columbine	B-ORG
High	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
had	O
a	O
fascination	O
with	O
firearms	O
or	O
violent	O
video	O
games	O
/.	O


/.	O


And	O
while	O
there	O
were	O
signs	O
or	O
warnings	O
about	O
their	O
intentions	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
taken	O
seriously	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
/.	O


The	O
sheriff	O
's	O
department	O
did	O
n't	O
respond	O
to	O
our	O
um	O
reported	O
threats	O
by	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Harris	I-PERSON
against	O
our	O
son	O
for	O
thirteen	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
/.	O


Columbine	B-ORG
would	O
not	O
have	O
happened	O
if	O
they	O
had	O
investigated	O
that	O
to	O
begin	O
with	O
/.	O


Classmates	O
say	O
Clebold	B-PERSON
and	O
Harris	B-PERSON
who	O
brought	O
terror	O
to	O
Littleton	B-GPE
Colorado	B-GPE
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
ninety	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
and	O
Jeff	B-PERSON
Weiss	I-PERSON
the	O
Red	B-GPE
Lake	I-GPE
Minnesota	B-GPE
teen	O
who	O
killed	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
people	O
and	O
wounded	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
before	O
fatally	O
shooting	O
himself	O
all	O
wore	O
dark	O
trenchcoats	O
and	O
were	O
fans	O
of	O
Marilyn	B-PERSON
Manson	I-PERSON
/.	O


Kip	B-PERSON
Kinkel	I-PERSON
who	O
killed	O
two	B-CARDINAL
students	O
in	O
Springfield	B-GPE
Oregon	B-GPE
was	O
a	O
fan	O
of	O
Manson	B-PERSON
's	O
music	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
all	O
of	O
the	O
shooters	O
may	O
have	O
felt	O
the	O
desire	O
to	O
defend	O
narcissitic	O
views	O
of	O
themselves	O
and	O
had	O
very	O
low	O
self	O
-	O
esteem	O
/.	O


Luke	B-PERSON
Woodham	I-PERSON
killed	O
two	B-CARDINAL
students	O
in	O
Pearl	B-GPE
Mississippi	B-GPE
/.	O


Well	O
I	O
guess	O
you	O
all	O
start	O
remembering	O
me	O
now	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
probably	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
pretty	O
famous	O
/.	O


Famous	O
for	O
two	B-CARDINAL
things	O
that	O
seem	O
to	O
unite	O
all	O
of	O
these	O
young	O
men	O
no	O
one	O
believed	O
they	O
were	O
capable	O
of	O
committing	O
such	O
horrible	O
acts	O
and	O
no	O
one	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
stop	O
them	O
/.	O


Heidi	B-PERSON
Collins	I-PERSON
CNN	B-ORG
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
/.	O


We	O
hear	O
that	O
over	O
and	O
over	O
again	O
/.	O


I	O
never	O
expected	O
they	O
could	O
do	O
such	O
a	O
thing	O
/.	O


Still	O
ahead	O
tonight	B-TIME
more	O
late	O
election	O
returns	O
more	O
races	O
that	O
could	O
affect	O
you	O
more	O
questions	O
about	O
how	O
this	O
affects	O
the	O
president	O
and	O
his	O
party	O
/.	O


Also	O
ahead	O
in	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
a	O
country	O
rocked	O
by	O
genocide	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
let	O
's	O
see	O
how	O
it	O
's	O
affecting	O
the	O
animals	O
still	O
to	O
this	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
/.	O


Around	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
the	O
world	O
this	O
is	O
Three	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sixty	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Uh	O
you	O
know	O
no	O
matter	O
where	O
you	O
stand	O
politically	O
it	O
is	O
tough	O
to	O
dispute	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
good	O
fortune	O
/.	O


Though	O
battered	O
in	O
the	O
polls	O
this	O
is	O
an	B-DATE
off	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
for	O
House	B-ORG
and	O
Senate	B-ORG
races	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
races	O
however	O
being	O
decided	O
tonight	B-TIME
/.	O


and	O
as	O
they	O
count	O
the	O
votes	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
we	O
'll	O
be	O
giving	O
you	O
the	O
latest	O
on	O
those	O
races	O
which	O
may	O
have	O
national	O
overtones	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


Joining	O
us	O
now	O
is	O
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
John	B-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
and	O
Jeff	B-PERSON
Greenfield	I-PERSON
/.	O


Uh	O
let	O
's	O
start	O
with	O
John	B-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
from	O
DC	B-GPE
with	O
breaking	O
news	O
on	O
the	O
election	O
results	O
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
what	O
's	O
the	O
latest	O
/?	O


Well	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
the	O
democrats	O
are	O
celebrating	O
in	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
biggest	O
races	O
tonight	B-TIME
/.	O


Those	O
are	O
the	O
races	O
for	O
the	O
governorships	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
and	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
/.	O


CNN	B-ORG
projecting	O
that	O
Tim	B-PERSON
Kaine	I-PERSON
currently	O
the	O
lieutenant	O
governor	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
next	O
governor	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
/.	O


Tim	B-PERSON
Kaine	I-PERSON
a	O
democrat	B-NORP
winning	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
a	O
state	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
carried	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
/.	O


And	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
another	O
democratic	B-NORP
victory	O
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
Corzine	I-PERSON
currently	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
States	I-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
will	O
be	O
the	O
next	O
governor	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
according	O
to	O
CNN	B-ORG
projections	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
republican	O
victory	O
tonight	B-TIME
/.	O


That	O
is	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
/.	O


Mayor	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Bloomberg	I-PERSON
the	B-ORG
Associated	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
projects	O
will	O
be	O
re-elected	O
as	O
the	O
mayor	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
/.	O


A	O
democrat	B-NORP
turned	O
republican	B-NORP
/.	O


so	O
that	O
a	O
frustrating	O
race	O
for	O
the	O
democrats	B-NORP
/.	O


but	O
democrats	B-NORP
will	O
celebrate	O
those	O
two	B-CARDINAL
state	O
-	O
wide	O
victories	O
Virginia	B-GPE
of	O
course	O
the	O
most	O
significant	O
/.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
carried	O
that	O
state	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
/.	O


He	O
campaigned	O
for	O
the	O
republican	B-NORP
candidate	O
just	B-TIME
last	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
an	O
election	O
eve	O
appearance	O
/.	O


Democrats	B-NORP
will	O
certainly	O
make	O
the	O
case	O
that	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
troubles	O
are	O
continuing	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
/.	O


I	O
will	O
say	O
though	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
I	O
think	O
the	O
bigger	O
national	O
question	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
might	O
be	O
that	O
this	O
helps	O
the	O
current	O
incumbant	O
governor	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Warner	I-PERSON
/.	O


He	O
is	O
leaving	O
office	O
and	O
thinking	O
about	O
running	O
for	O
president	O
/.	O


His	O
party	O
's	O
strength	O
there	O
tonight	B-TIME
will	O
only	O
encourage	O
that	O
/.	O


Jeff	B-PERSON
any	O
surprises	O
to	O
you	O
/?	O


No	O
uh	O
the	O
most	O
startling	O
thing	O
which	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
often	O
talk	O
about	O
is	O
the	O
sheer	O
amount	O
of	O
money	O
that	O
these	O
people	O
have	O
/.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Bloomberg	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
five	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
man	O
who	O
threw	O
seventy	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
into	O
this	O
campaign	O
/.	O


There	O
were	O
ads	O
in	O
Cantonese	B-LANGUAGE
and	O
Russian	B-LANGUAGE
/.	O


He	O
won	O
a	O
landslide	O
/.	O


I	O
'll	O
cross	O
the	O
river	O
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
Corzine	I-PERSON
's	O
worth	O
about	B-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
defeated	O
Doug	B-PERSON
Forrester	I-PERSON
a	O
piker	O
only	O
worth	O
about	B-MONEY
fifty	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
though	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
combined	O
campaign	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
fifty	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
/.	O


Mark	B-PERSON
Warner	I-PERSON
who	O
John	B-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
just	O
talked	O
about	O
has	O
a	O
personal	O
wealth	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


and	O
later	O
tonight	B-TIME
when	O
we	O
go	O
to	O
California	B-GPE
the	O
gentleman	O
named	O
Schwartzeneggar	B-PERSON
who	O
has	O
about	B-MONEY
a	I-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
threw	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
into	O
his	O
big	O
successful	O
effort	O
at	O
governor	O
/.	O


But	O
can	O
the	O
democrats	B-NORP
really	O
crow	O
about	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
and	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
/?	O


Well	O
they	O
will	O
/.	O


um	O
and	O
they	O
won	O
uh	O
and	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
particularly	O
/.	O


Virginia	B-GPE
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
southern	O
states	O
to	O
go	O
republican	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
carried	O
it	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
sixty	I-DATE
/.	O


It	O
is	O
significant	O
when	O
a	O
democrat	B-NORP
succeeds	O
a	O
democrat	B-NORP
not	O
just	O
because	O
it	O
gives	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Warner	I-PERSON
talking	O
points	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
crimson	O
red	O
state	O
/.	O


Do	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
make	O
too	O
much	O
of	O
it	O
/?	O


No	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
uh	O
Arnold	B-PERSON
Schwartzeneggar	I-PERSON
's	O
not	O
on	O
the	O
ballot	O
/.	O


but	O
eh	O
some	O
of	O
his	O
critics	O
say	O
he	O
really	O
with	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
ballot	O
initiatives	O
/.	O


Uh	O
when	O
do	O
the	O
polls	O
close	O
there	O
/?	O


The	O
polls	O
close	O
eleven	B-TIME
o'clock	I-TIME
eastern	I-TIME
out	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
/.	O


and	O
to	O
follow	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
point	O
Jeff	B-PERSON
just	O
made	O
about	O
perhaps	O
not	O
overstating	O
the	O
impact	O
for	O
the	O
president	O
I	O
think	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
we	O
will	O
watch	O
closely	O
tonight	B-TIME
is	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
polls	O
are	O
showing	O
that	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
are	O
a	O
bit	O
testy	O
shall	O
we	O
say	O
um	O
not	O
patient	O
anymore	O
with	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
politicians	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
of	O
course	O
would	O
affect	O
the	O
republicans	O
more	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
in	O
power	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
controlling	O
the	O
presidency	O
and	O
the	O
Congress	B-ORG
/.	O


Whether	O
they	O
take	O
it	O
out	O
on	O
Governor	O
Schwartzeneggar	B-PERSON
in	O
California	B-GPE
could	O
be	O
another	O
test	O
of	O
that	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


Jeff	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
quick	O
point	O
/.	O


the	O
election	O
that	O
mattered	O
for	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
has	O
already	O
happened	O
that	O
special	O
election	O
in	O
the	O
Ohio	B-GPE
congressional	O
district	O
with	O
Cincinatti	B-GPE
a	O
republican	B-NORP
district	O
/.	O


Former	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
war	O
combat	O
veteran	O
I	O
guess	O
he	O
is	O
a	O
present	O
veteran	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Hackett	I-PERSON
came	O
within	O
four	B-CARDINAL
points	O
of	O
beating	O
the	O
republican	B-NORP
in	O
a	O
district	O
that	O
no	O
democrat	B-NORP
has	O
come	O
close	O
to	O
carrying	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
's	O
giving	O
the	O
republicans	B-NORP
willies	O
for	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


All	O
right	O
Jeff	B-PERSON
we	O
'll	O
join	O
you	O
later	O
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
as	O
well	O
thanks	O
very	O
much	O
/.	O


Still	O
ahead	O
on	O
Three	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sixty	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	O
family	O
torn	O
apart	O
on	O
whether	O
to	O
let	O
their	O
son	O
die	O
/.	O


A	O
case	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
heading	O
where	O
Terri	B-PERSON
Schiavo	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
did	O
/.	O


A	O
fifteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
boy	O
at	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
it	O
all	O
/.	O


And	O
in	O
a	O
corner	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
where	O
genocide	O
claimed	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
lives	O
a	O
new	O
struggle	O
between	O
man	O
and	O
beast	O
/.	O


Around	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
across	O
America	B-GPE
this	O
is	O
Three	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sixty	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


In	O
a	B-TIME
moment	I-TIME
a	O
life	O
and	O
death	O
struggle	O
over	O
a	O
fifteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
boy	O
who	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
coma	O
uh	O
who	O
is	O
lying	O
breathing	O
on	O
a	O
ventilator	O
/.	O


The	O
fight	O
is	O
between	O
two	B-CARDINAL
parents	O
who	O
are	O
divorced	O
over	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
about	O
their	O
son	O
/.	O


But	O
first	B-ORDINAL
a	O
check	O
of	O
the	O
day	B-DATE
's	O
headlines	O
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Erica	B-PERSON
Hill	I-PERSON
in	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
/.	O


Hey	O
Erica	B-PERSON
/.	O


Hey	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
we	O
begin	O
tonight	B-TIME
in	O
Jacksboro	B-GPE
Tennessee	B-GPE
where	O
police	O
say	O
a	O
student	O
opened	O
fire	O
on	O
a	O
principal	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
assistant	O
principals	O
in	O
an	O
office	O
in	O
a	O
high	O
school	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
assistant	O
principals	O
was	O
killed	O
,	O
another	O
critically	O
wounded	O
/.	O


In	O
Iraq	B-GPE
the	O
foreign	O
military	O
occupation	O
of	O
that	O
country	O
is	O
authorized	O
at	O
least	O
through	O
December	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
/.	O


That	O
's	O
because	O
today	B-DATE
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
voted	O
to	O
extend	O
the	O
mandate	O
that	O
allows	O
some	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
fifty	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
seven	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
US	B-GPE
troops	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
troops	O
from	O
other	O
countries	O
to	O
operate	O
there	O
/.	O


The	O
Iraq	B-GPE
provisional	O
government	O
requested	O
the	O
extension	O
/.	O


In	O
Australia	B-GPE
supporters	O
of	O
alleged	O
terror	O
suspect	O
with	O
TV	O
reporters	O
shouting	O
stay	O
away	O
/.	O


Australian	B-NORP
authorities	O
say	O
they	O
prevented	O
a	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
through	O
their	O
undercover	O
work	O
/.	O


Seventeen	B-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
arrested	O
/.	O


Officials	O
said	O
they	O
moved	O
in	O
because	O
the	O
alleged	O
plot	O
had	O
passed	O
the	O
planning	O
stage	O
/.	O


Meantime	O
a	O
very	O
different	O
crowd	O
reaction	O
in	O
Salem	B-GPE
Oregon	B-GPE
where	O
two	B-CARDINAL
couples	O
in	O
-	O
laws	O
who	O
invested	O
forty	B-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
lottery	O
tickets	O
had	O
their	O
claim	O
certified	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
biggest	O
payout	O
in	O
US	B-GPE
lottery	O
history	O
/.	O


Three	B-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
forty	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
smackers	I-MONEY
/.	I-MONEY


Talk	O
about	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
uh	O
of	O
love	O
to	O
share	O
around	O
the	O
family	O
there	O
/.	O


But	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
sounds	O
like	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
lead	O
a	O
very	O
normal	O
life	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
saying	O
may	O
not	O
even	O
get	O
that	O
many	O
more	O
presents	O
under	O
the	O
tree	O
this	B-DATE
Christmas	I-DATE
/.	O


Wow	O
man	O
I	O
hope	O
so	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
hear	O
all	O
these	O
horror	O
stories	O
about	O
how	O
people	O
react	O
/.	O


and	O
let	O
's	O
just	O
hope	O
they	O
sock	O
it	O
away	O
and	O
save	O
it	O
up	O
for	O
their	O
kids	O
or	O
something	O
/.	O


I	O
know	O
/.	O


Erica	B-PERSON
thanks	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
check	O
in	O
with	O
you	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
later	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
think	O
of	O
a	O
more	O
agonizing	O
decision	O
that	O
a	O
parent	O
could	O
face	O
choosing	O
whether	O
to	O
let	O
a	O
child	O
die	O
or	O
to	O
hold	O
out	O
hope	O
no	O
matter	O
what	O
the	O
doctors	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
experts	O
say	O
/.	O


Usually	O
these	O
horrible	O
decisions	O
are	O
made	O
in	O
private	O
/.	O


sometimes	O
unfortunately	O
they	O
divide	O
an	O
entire	O
country	O
/.	O


The	O
sad	O
case	O
of	O
Terri	B-PERSON
Schiavo	I-PERSON
not	O
only	O
tore	O
her	O
family	O
apart	O
/.	O


it	O
really	O
re-ignited	O
a	O
debate	O
as	O
thorny	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
heartbreaking	O
/.	O


The	O
case	O
of	O
Jansen	B-PERSON
Jones	I-PERSON
is	O
just	O
as	O
complicated	O
and	O
equally	O
heartbreaking	O
/.	O


CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Rick	B-PERSON
Sanchez	I-PERSON
from	O
Bountiful	B-GPE
Utah	B-GPE
with	O
more	O
/.	O


Rick	B-PERSON
/?	O


Yeah	O
thanks	O
so	O
much	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
/.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
new	O
facility	O
where	O
uh	O
Jansen	B-PERSON
Jones	I-PERSON
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
staying	O
from	O
now	O
on	O
/.	O


His	O
father	O
decided	O
that	O
he	O
should	O
be	O
here	O
/.	O


Uh	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
we	O
know	O
about	O
his	O
case	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
probably	O
unable	O
to	O
breathe	O
accoding	O
to	O
his	O
parents	O
and	O
experts	O
who	O
have	O
talked	O
to	O
him	O
for	O
about	B-TIME
twenty	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
/.	O


Now	O
we	O
've	O
talked	O
to	O
medical	O
experts	O
about	O
this	O
situation	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
tell	O
us	O
if	O
a	B-DATE
fifteen	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
goes	O
without	O
oxygen	O
for	O
fifteen	B-TIME
to	I-TIME
twenty	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
,	O
what	O
results	O
is	O
usually	O
severe	O
and	O
irreparable	O
brain	O
damage	O
/.	O


Here	O
now	O
is	O
Jansen	B-PERSON
's	O
story	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
not	O
supposed	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
heart	O
attack	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
only	B-DATE
fifteen	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
/.	O


I	O
'll	O
never	O
forget	O
the	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
that	O
uh	O
I	O
got	O
the	O
news	O
/.	O


The	O
news	O
was	O
grim	O
/.	O


Margaret	B-PERSON
's	O
little	O
boy	O
with	O
the	O
likeable	O
smile	O
and	O
the	O
dimple	O
cheeks	O
had	O
experienced	O
full	O
cardiac	O
arrest	O
/.	O


What	O
's	O
worse	O
it	O
happened	O
on	O
this	O
dark	O
street	O
corner	O
one	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
while	O
riding	O
his	O
bike	O
to	O
school	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
all	O
alone	O
no	O
mom	O
no	O
dad	O
no	O
help	O
until	O
finally	O
he	O
was	O
spotted	O
by	O
a	O
paramedic	O
on	O
her	O
way	O
to	O
work	O
/.	O


When	O
we	O
found	O
him	O
he	O
was	O
um	O
still	O
on	O
his	O
bike	O
/.	O


um	O
and	O
his	O
head	O
was	O
um	O
against	O
cement	O
/.	O


Jansen	B-PERSON
Jones	I-PERSON
was	O
rushed	O
by	O
helicopter	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
think	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
pull	O
through	O
/?	O


I	O
had	O
faith	O
/.	O


But	O
then	O
doctors	O
showed	O
Margaret	B-PERSON
her	O
son	O
's	O
MRI	O
test	O
and	O
explained	O
to	O
her	O
what	O
results	O
when	O
the	O
brain	O
is	O
deprived	O
of	O
oxygen	O
/.	O


Does	O
he	O
blink	O
/?	O


No	O
/.	O


Does	O
he	O
make	O
any	O
sounds	O
/?	O


No	O
/.	O


Nothing	O
/.	O


Nothing	O
/.	O


Are	O
you	O
convinced	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
in	O
fact	O
brain	O
-	O
dead	O
/?	O


Yes	O
I	O
am	O
/.	O


Margaret	B-PERSON
made	O
a	O
decision	O
after	O
talking	O
to	O
hospital	O
officials	O
here	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Utah	I-ORG
that	O
she	O
would	O
take	O
her	O
son	O
off	O
of	O
life	O
support	O
/.	O


She	O
made	O
the	O
decision	O
though	O
not	O
based	O
solely	O
on	O
science	O
or	O
even	O
her	O
own	O
observations	O
/.	O


She	O
tells	O
us	O
she	O
made	O
the	O
decision	O
based	O
on	O
her	O
Christianity	B-NORP
her	O
faith	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
God	O
would	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
have	O
your	O
son	O
continue	O
in	O
the	O
condition	O
he	O
's	O
in	O
now	O
/?	O


No	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
convinced	O
of	O
that	O
/.	O


Yes	O
/.	O


But	O
God	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
reason	O
Margaret	B-PERSON
's	O
ex-husband	O
Jansen	B-PERSON
's	O
father	O
gives	O
for	O
his	O
decision	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
boy	O
on	O
life	O
support	O
/.	O


He	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
given	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
live	O
/.	O


Also	O
a	O
devout	O
Christian	B-NORP
John	B-PERSON
Jones	I-PERSON
has	O
little	O
faith	O
in	O
what	O
doctors	O
tell	O
him	O
/.	O


Doctors	O
have	O
been	O
wrong	O
before	O
and	O
misdiagnosed	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
agree	O
with	O
him	O
at	O
all	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
when	O
asked	O
you	O
think	O
letting	O
him	O
go	O
is	O
the	O
Christian	B-NORP
thing	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
She	O
says	O
/-	O


Yes	O
I	O
think	O
so	O
/.	O


While	O
he	O
says	O
/-	O


I	O
believe	O
in	O
a	O
living	O
God	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
believe	O
that	O
uh	O
you	O
can	O
still	O
perform	O
miracles	O
as	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
call	O
them	O
/.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
parents	O
one	B-CARDINAL
God	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
life	O
or	O
death	O
decision	O
that	O
may	O
end	O
up	O
being	O
settled	O
in	O
a	O
court	O
of	O
law	O
/.	O


Rick	B-PERSON
how	O
could	O
this	O
wind	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
courts	O
/?	O


Well	O
here	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Utah	B-GPE
because	O
the	O
father	O
had	O
custody	O
of	O
the	O
child	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
divorced	O
now	O
for	O
uh	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
he	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
decision	O
/.	O


However	O
if	O
the	O
mother	O
decides	O
that	O
she	O
wants	O
to	O
take	O
him	O
to	O
court	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
her	O
decision	O
is	O
allowed	O
all	O
the	O
folks	O
in	O
this	O
uh	O
state	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
talked	O
to	O
who	O
've	O
dealt	O
with	O
matters	O
like	O
this	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
say	O
that	O
judges	O
usually	O
allow	O
the	O
evidence	O
to	O
be	O
heard	O
from	O
both	O
sides	O
/.	O


That	O
would	O
mean	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
what	O
you	O
would	O
have	O
is	O
another	O
court	O
battle	O
as	O
you	O
alluded	O
to	O
earlier	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
Schiavo	B-PERSON
case	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
Rick	B-PERSON
Sanchez	I-PERSON
in	O
Bountiful	B-GPE
/.	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
Rick	B-PERSON
/.	O


You	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
now	O
since	O
Terri	B-PERSON
Schiavo	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
life	O
came	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
/.	O


She	O
died	O
March	B-DATE
thirty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
thirteen	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
her	O
feeding	O
tube	O
was	O
removed	O
/.	O


Up	O
to	O
that	O
point	O
we	O
got	O
to	O
know	O
Schiavo	B-PERSON
's	O
parents	O
and	O
her	O
husband	O
fairly	O
well	O
as	O
their	O
fight	O
played	O
out	O
all	O
too	O
publicly	O
on	O
television	O
/.	O


Since	O
Terri	B-PERSON
's	O
death	O
they	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
seen	O
much	O
on	O
the	O
national	O
stage	O
/.	O


but	O
their	O
battles	O
go	O
on	O
/.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
in	O
a	O
new	O
segment	O
we	O
're	O
calling	O
Memory	B-WORK_OF_ART
Lapse	I-WORK_OF_ART
we	O
take	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
what	O
the	O
family	O
is	O
doing	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


Teri	B-PERSON
's	O
husband	O
Michael	B-PERSON
is	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
news	O
making	O
a	O
splash	O
in	O
politics	O
far	O
from	O
home	O
by	O
endorsing	O
the	O
candidacy	O
of	O
democrat	B-NORP
Tim	B-PERSON
Kaine	I-PERSON
for	O
governor	O
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
in	O
tonight	B-TIME
's	O
election	O
/.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
Schiavo	I-PERSON
spoke	O
out	O
against	O
politicians	O
intervening	O
in	O
family	O
affairs	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
also	O
been	O
busy	O
writing	O
about	O
his	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
battle	O
over	O
his	O
wife	O
/.	O


He	O
and	O
author	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Hirsch	I-PERSON
are	O
colloborating	O
on	O
a	O
book	O
titled	O
Terri	B-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Truth	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


It	O
's	O
scheduled	O
to	O
be	O
released	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
/.	O


and	O
that	O
will	O
once	O
again	O
put	O
him	O
at	O
odds	O
with	O
Terri	B-PERSON
's	O
parents	O
whose	O
still	O
untitled	O
memoir	O
will	O
be	O
released	O
that	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
/.	O


The	O
Schindlers	B-PERSON
'	O
book	O
will	O
share	O
their	O
struggle	O
to	O
keep	O
Terri	B-PERSON
alive	O
a	O
story	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
through	O
speeches	O
and	O
public	O
statements	O
/.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
at	O
a	O
convention	O
in	O
Omaha	B-GPE
Nebraska	B-GPE
Bob	B-PERSON
and	O
Mary	B-PERSON
Schindler	I-PERSON
called	O
Terri	B-PERSON
's	O
death	O
quote	O
judicial	O
homicide	O
and	O
hinted	O
that	O
euthanasia	O
advocates	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
behind	O
it	O
/.	O


The	O
Schindlers	B-PERSON
also	O
have	O
been	O
fighting	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
die	O
movement	O
through	O
the	B-ORG
Terri	I-ORG
Schindler	I-ORG
Schiavo	I-ORG
foundation	I-ORG
/.	O


No	O
doubt	O
when	O
those	O
books	O
come	O
out	O
we	O
'll	O
be	O
hearing	O
about	O
this	O
case	O
for	O
quite	O
some	O
time	O
to	O
come	O
/.	O


Still	O
to	O
come	O
on	O
Three	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sixty	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
it	O
's	O
unlike	O
anything	O
you	O
've	O
ever	O
seen	O
before	O
/.	O


Animal	O
expert	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Hannah	I-PERSON
takes	O
us	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
people	O
and	O
wildlife	O
try	O
to	O
co-exist	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
both	O
share	O
a	O
horrific	O
past	O
/.	O


And	O
later	O
a	O
new	O
look	O
at	O
your	O
sex	O
life	O
a	O
new	O
survey	O
is	O
out	O
the	O
most	O
extensive	O
they	O
say	O
in	O
fifty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


See	O
how	O
you	O
may	O
compare	O
to	O
some	O
others	O
out	O
there	O
/.	O


Stay	O
with	O
us	O
/.	O


A	O
little	O
bit	O
more	O
than	O
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
central	O
African	B-LOC
nation	O
of	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
something	O
unspeakable	O
happened	O
/.	O


Genocide	O
though	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
refused	O
to	O
call	O
it	O
that	O
at	O
first	B-ORDINAL
/.	O


Eight	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
people	O
at	O
least	O
women	O
men	O
and	O
children	O
were	O
brutally	O
killed	O
hacked	O
to	O
death	O
stabbed	O
thrown	O
into	O
rivers	O
/.	O


Today	B-DATE
the	O
genocide	O
's	O
effects	O
are	O
still	O
haunting	O
both	O
the	O
survivors	O
and	O
the	O
wildlife	O
in	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
/.	O


You	O
see	O
many	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
fled	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
settled	O
in	O
an	O
animal	O
refuge	O
/.	O


Renown	O
wildlife	O
advocate	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Hannah	I-PERSON
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Columbus	I-ORG
Zoo	I-ORG
recently	O
went	O
to	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
to	O
see	O
how	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
animals	O
are	O
co-existing	O
/.	O


Rwanda	B-GPE
this	O
breathtakingly	O
beautiful	O
land	O
is	O
soaked	O
in	O
blood	O
the	O
people	O
living	O
with	O
the	O
pain	O
of	O
their	O
history	O
/.	O


Akagera	B-FAC
National	I-FAC
Park	I-FAC
once	O
a	O
spectacular	O
wildlife	O
refuge	O
is	O
now	O
a	O
refuge	O
to	O
many	O
Rwandans	B-NORP
who	O
survived	O
the	O
genocide	O
and	O
returned	O
to	O
their	O
native	O
land	O
trying	O
to	O
start	O
life	O
anew	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
in	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
now	O
they	O
've	O
taken	O
over	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
national	O
park	O
/.	O


And	O
because	O
of	O
that	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
now	O
faces	O
a	O
problem	O
/.	O


What	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
the	O
wildlife	O
/?	O


How	O
will	O
the	O
animals	O
co-exist	O
with	O
humans	O
/?	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Hannah	I-PERSON
the	O
renown	O
wildlife	O
advocate	O
wanted	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
as	O
he	O
went	O
in	O
search	O
of	O
wild	O
elephants	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
eighty	B-CARDINAL
elephants	O
in	O
Akagera	B-FAC
/.	O


but	O
for	O
Hannah	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
crew	O
finding	O
even	O
one	B-CARDINAL
was	O
not	O
unlike	O
looking	O
for	O
that	O
proverbial	O
needle	O
in	O
a	O
haystack	O
/.	O


Now	O
the	O
elephant	O
's	O
back	O
that	O
way	O
,	O
right	O
/?	O


Hannah	B-PERSON
hired	O
a	O
boat	O
to	O
take	O
him	O
to	O
a	O
fishing	O
village	O
where	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
reports	O
of	O
a	O
male	O
elephant	O
/.	O


They	O
search	O
for	O
hours	B-TIME
and	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
/.	O


and	O
finally	O
/-	O


Oh	O
yeah	O
I	O
see	O
it	O
/.	O


But	O
even	O
a	O
wildlife	O
expert	O
like	O
Hannah	B-PERSON
was	O
surprised	O
to	O
find	O
such	O
a	O
mighty	O
creature	O
submerged	O
in	O
lake	O
water	O
/.	O


It	O
was	O
very	O
unusual	O
behavior	O
/.	O


Look	O
at	O
that	O
/.	O


he	O
's	O
like	O
a	O
submarine	O
/.	O


he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
use	O
his	O
trunk	O
/.	O


Whoa	O
look	O
at	O
that	O
/.	O


look	O
at	O
him	O
move	O
tha-	O
/-	O


He	O
is	O
going	O
fast	O
/.	O


That	O
is	O
fast	O
/.	O


Big	O
elephant	O
/.	O


An	B-QUANTITY
estimated	I-QUANTITY
eleven	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
tall	O
,	O
weighing	O
perhaps	B-QUANTITY
fourteen	I-QUANTITY
thousand	I-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
the	O
mature	O
bull	O
elephant	O
was	O
as	O
big	O
and	O
angry	O
as	O
any	O
they'd	O
'd	O
seen	O
before	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
started	O
to	O
pursue	O
them	O
/.	O


That	O
is	O
fast	O
/.	O


Remember	O
elephants	O
can	O
swim	O
everybody	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
got	O
like	O
a	O
periscope	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
he	O
's	O
walking	O
or	O
swimming	O
/.	O


but	O
he	O
's	O
moving	O
/.	O


Hannah	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
crew	O
beat	O
it	O
to	O
shore	O
and	O
to	O
safety	O
not	O
realizing	O
that	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
the	O
US	B-GPE
embassy	O
in	O
Kigali	B-GPE
had	O
issued	O
a	O
warning	O
to	O
American	B-NORP
tourists	O
about	O
a	O
rogue	O
elephant	O
charging	O
visitors	O
/.	O


your	O
trunk	O
go	O
like	O
this	O
/.	O


On	O
shore	O
Hannah	B-PERSON
was	O
greeted	O
by	O
local	O
kids	O
/.	O


Trunk	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
it	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
it	O
/.	O


And	O
in	O
exchange	O
for	O
his	O
kindness	O
they	O
shared	O
a	O
little	O
known	O
secret	O
about	O
the	O
rogue	O
elephant	O
/.	O


Turns	O
out	O
this	O
monster	O
of	O
the	O
deep	O
was	O
in	O
fact	O
an	O
old	O
friend	O
of	O
the	O
children	O
's	O
/.	O


and	O
to	O
prove	O
it	O
they	O
lured	O
him	O
in	O
with	O
sweet	O
words	O
and	O
sweet	O
potatoes	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
so	O
much	O
/.	O


thank	O
you	O
/.	O


thank	O
you	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
something	O
else	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
all	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
/.	O


Akagera	B-FAC
National	I-FAC
Park	I-FAC
may	O
not	O
be	O
all	O
that	O
it	O
once	O
was	O
/.	O


nor	O
of	O
course	O
is	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
/.	O


but	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Hannah	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
healing	O
and	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
mighty	O
steps	O
of	O
elephants	O
there	O
are	O
small	O
steps	O
being	O
made	O
towards	O
recovery	O
/.	O


Had	O
you	O
ever	O
seen	O
behavior	O
like	O
that	O
in	O
elephants	O
/?	O


No	O
not	O
in	O
a	O
while	O
/.	O


Uh	O
when	O
I	O
saw	O
the	O
kids	O
doing	O
it	O
I	O
went	O
up	O
there	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
said	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
believe	O
this	O
big	O
bull	O
elephant	O
a	O
wild	O
bull	O
elephant	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
kids	O
had	O
you	O
know	O
/-	O


animals	O
know	O
people	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
knew	O
no	O
harm	O
in	O
that	O
village	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
actually	O
were	O
taking	O
care	O
of	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
of	O
course	O
when	O
he	O
went	O
in	O
the	O
musk	O
I	O
guess	O
he	O
tipped	O
over	O
a	O
jeep	O
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
and	O
you	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
careful	O
when	O
that	O
happens	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
quick	O
break	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
we	O
'll	O
be	O
back	O
with	O
uh	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Hannah	I-PERSON
/.	O


A	O
lot	O
more	O
uh	O
coming	O
up	O
tonight	B-TIME
on	O
Three	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sixty	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Stay	O
with	O
us	O
/.	O


Before	O
the	O
break	O
we	O
went	O
to	O
Africa	B-LOC
with	O
renown	O
wildlife	O
advocate	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Hannah	I-PERSON
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Columbus	I-ORG
Zoo	I-ORG
/.	O


He	O
took	O
us	O
to	O
a	O
region	O
of	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
where	O
those	O
who	O
survived	O
the	O
genocide	O
of	O
eleven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
or	O
ten	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
are	O
living	O
side	O
by	O
side	O
with	O
wildlife	O
/.	O


We	O
showed	O
you	O
the	O
huge	O
elephant	O
he	O
encountered	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
was	O
n't	O
all	O
he	O
saw	O
/.	O


Jack	B-PERSON
Hannah	I-PERSON
joins	O
me	O
now	O
once	O
again	O
to	O
show	O
us	O
exclusive	O
footage	O
of	O
the	O
mountain	O
gorillas	O
he	O
visited	O
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
were	O
just	O
talking	O
about	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
/.	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
there	O
a	O
lot	O
over	O
the	O
years	B-DATE
uh	O
and	O
have	O
visited	O
these	O
gorillas	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
most	O
incredible	O
animal	O
viewing	O
I	O
think	O
on	O
the	O
planet	O
/.	O


At	O
least	O
for	O
me	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
not	O
just	O
the	O
viewing	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
the	O
experience	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
of	O
being	O
there	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
realize	O
they	O
can	O
all	O
do	O
it	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


Uh	O
this	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
tourism	O
increased	O
sixty	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
seven	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
in	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
/.	O


And	O
the	O
gorilla	O
population	O
under	O
President	O
Kagame	B-PERSON
has	O
increased	O
seventeen	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
only	O
countries	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
where	O
animals	O
are	O
really	O
increasing	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
population	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
mean	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
footage	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
showing	O
now	O
is	O
footage	O
that	O
you	O
shot	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
incredible	O
/.	O


You	O
and	O
anyone	O
can	O
go	O
/.	O


a	O
tourist	O
can	O
go	O
and	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
they	O
you	O
know	O
do	O
it	O
respectfully	O
can	O
go	O
and	O
sit	O
with	O
these	O
gorilas	O
just	O
as	O
you	O
are	O
/.	O


Exactly	O
right	O
/.	O


Right	O
there	O
/.	O


one	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
/.	I-TIME


and	O
of	O
course	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
allowed	O
to	O
approach	O
them	O
/.	O


they	O
approach	O
you	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
you	O
see	O
here	O
/.	O


these	O
animals	O
uh	O
uh	O
approach	O
you	O
/.	O


Now	O
this	O
is	O
one	O
actually	O
that	O
was	O
uh	O
uh	O
taken	O
uh	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
wild	O
and	O
brought	O
to	O
a	O
veteranarian	O
's	O
place	O
right	O
there	O
below	O
uh	O
you	O
know	O
where	O
the	O
gorillas	O
are	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
lowland	O
gorilla	O
is	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
seeing	O
there	O
uh	O
one	O
that	O
was	O
brought	O
/-	O


and	O
of	O
course	O
we	O
just	O
ca	O
n't	O
put	O
it	O
back	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
wild	O
yet	O
/.	O


Uh	O
the	O
mountain	O
gorilla	O
as	O
you	O
know	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
with	O
the	O
much	O
longer	O
hair	O
live	O
up	O
about	B-QUANTITY
eight	I-QUANTITY
thousand	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
/.	O


It	O
's	O
where	O
you	O
went	O
to	O
visit	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
I	O
went	O
there	O
on	O
vacation	O
this	O
summer	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
incredible	O
/.	O


There	O
they	O
are	O
right	O
there	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
climbing	O
all	O
around	O
you	O
/.	O


they	O
literally	O
brush	O
by	O
you	O
at	O
times	O
/.	O


What	O
are	O
the	O
similarities	O
to	O
humans	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
everyone	O
always	O
says	O
how	O
you	O
know	O
much	O
like	O
humans	O
they	O
appear	O
/.	O


Well	O
well	O
the	O
similarities	O
are	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
family	O
structure	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
watch	O
the	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
play	O
with	O
the	O
little	O
uh	O
eight	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
babies	O
you	O
know	O
when	O
their	O
mother	O
might	O
let	O
them	O
go	O
away	O
just	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
see	O
the	O
proctection	O
/.	O


they	O
're	O
not	O
a	O
King	O
Kong	O
type	O
of	O
animal	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
neat	O
thing	O
about	O
it	O
is	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
web	O
camera	O
up	O
there	O
/.	O


Uh	O
John	B-PERSON
Dick	I-PERSON
has	O
got	O
the	O
tower	O
up	O
there	O
so	O
people	O
can	O
click	O
on	O
it	O
within	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
now	I-DATE
and	O
watch	O
the	O
gorillas	O
in	O
the	O
wild	O
/.	O


No	O
kidding	O
really	O
/?	O


Be	O
unbelieveable	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
amazing	O
/.	O


Unbelieveable	O
/.	O


Wow	O
eh	O
the	O
genocide	O
I	O
mean	O
it	O
permeates	O
everything	O
still	O
in	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
Kagame	B-PERSON
has	O
done	O
a	O
remarkable	O
job	O
with	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


Um	O
I	O
mean	O
how	O
has	O
it	O
impacted	O
on	O
the	O
animals	O
/?	O


Well	O
uh	O
uh	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
the	O
refugees	O
came	O
back	O
in	O
/.	O


Some	O
of	O
them	O
got	O
into	O
the	O
parks	O
/.	O


but	O
now	O
what	O
he	O
's	O
done	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
protected	O
those	O
parks	O
where	O
no	O
one	O
absolutely	O
nobody	O
's	O
allowed	O
to	O
go	O
inside	O
the	O
park	O
boundaries	O
now	O
/.	O


Uh	O
the	O
gorillas	O
are	O
coming	O
back	O
seventeen	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
/.	O


tourism	O
is	O
up	O
/.	O


as	O
I	O
said	O
Lake	B-FAC
Akagera	I-FAC
National	I-FAC
Park	I-FAC
is	O
incredible	O
/.	O


they	O
even	O
now	O
have	O
the	O
habituation	O
of	O
chimpanzees	O
/.	O


I	O
just	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
people	O
to	O
go	O
there	O
/.	O


and	O
so	O
you	O
can	O
go	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
only	O
countries	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
and	O
see	O
the	O
chimpanzees	O
in	O
the	O
wild	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
gorillas	O
/.	O


You	O
also	O
worked	O
with	O
a	O
woman	O
uh	O
Rosamond	B-PERSON
Carr	I-PERSON
who	O
runs	O
an	O
orphanage	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
have	O
some	O
video	O
uh	O
of	O
what	O
she	O
has	O
done	O
/.	O


Oh	O
gosh	O
/.	O


She	O
's	O
been	O
there	O
uh	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
and	O
is	O
a	O
legend	O
in	O
that	O
country	O
/.	O


For	O
about	B-DATE
forty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


Uh	O
she	O
's	O
a	O
remarkable	O
lady	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
she	O
really	O
is	O
/.	O


We	O
've	O
given	O
the	B-ORG
Columbus	I-ORG
Zoo	I-ORG
and	O
al-	O
/-	O


With	O
Partners	O
of	O
Conservation	O
we	O
've	O
raised	O
almost	B-MONEY
one	I-MONEY
point	I-MONEY
four	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
orphanage	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
artisans	O
women	O
with	O
the	O
artisans	O
that	O
do	O
the	O
baskets	O
and	O
the	O
beekeepers	O
/.	O


so	O
we	O
're	O
uh	O
teaching	O
people	O
how	O
to	O
have	O
productive	O
lives	O
in	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
/.	O


This	O
is	O
her	O
right	O
here	O
/.	O


and	O
these	O
are	O
the	O
kids	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
in	O
the	O
old	O
orphange	O
/.	O


and	O
now	O
she	O
's	O
moving	O
them	O
up	O
to	O
her	O
home	O
in	O
the	O
mountains	O
about	B-TIME
an	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
out	O
of	O
Kasenji	B-GPE
as	O
you	O
well	O
know	O
on	O
the	O
border	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Democratic	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Congo	I-GPE
/.	O


And	O
what	O
we	O
did	O
,	O
we	O
brought	O
all	O
sorts	O
of	O
things	O
for	O
the	O
orphans	O
there	O
incredible	O
incredible	O
children	O
/.	O


And	O
these	O
are	O
kids	O
whose	O
parents	O
were	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
genocide	O
/.	O


Exactly	O
/.	O


and	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Rwanda	B-GPE
right	O
now	O
as	O
we	O
were	O
talking	O
/.	O


no	O
Tutsis	B-NORP
and	O
Hutus	B-NORP
anymore	O
/.	O


President	O
Kagame	B-PERSON
said	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Rwanda	B-GPE
,	O
we	O
all	O
are	O
together	O
now	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
interesting	O
because	O
you	O
go	O
there	O
and	O
people	O
are	O
offended	O
if	O
you	O
ask	O
are	O
you	O
Hutu	B-NORP
or	O
are	O
you	O
Tutsi	B-NORP
/.	O


Exactly	O
/.	O


Because	O
eh	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
those	O
divisions	O
/.	O


No	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
those	O
divisions	O
/.	O


and	O
yet	O
they	O
all	O
live	O
together	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
would	O
think	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
have	O
that	O
division	O
/.	O


but	O
you	O
sure	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
it	O
/.	O


you	O
have	O
a	O
tremendous	O
love	O
there	O
/.	O


and	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
's	O
probably	O
now	O
the	O
cleanest	O
country	O
I	O
've	O
ever	O
seen	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
/.	O


I	O
could	O
not	O
believe	O
what	O
I	O
s-	O
/-	O


And	O
the	O
road	O
system	O
is	O
incredibile	O
/.	O


they	O
're	O
good	O
/.	O


what	O
's	O
amazing	O
too	O
is	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
gorillas	O
and	O
you	O
start	O
talking	O
to	O
the	O
guides	O
who	O
are	O
taking	O
you	O
up	O
and	O
you	O
ask	O
them	O
did	O
you	O
lose	O
anyone	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
just	O
turn	O
and	O
without	O
blinking	O
an	O
eye	O
tell	O
you	O
you	O
know	O
all	O
my	O
family	O
is	O
gone	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
we	O
had	O
a	O
guide	O
do	O
the	O
same	O
exact	O
thing	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
said	O
where	O
's	O
your	O
family	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
said	O
I	O
lost	O
my	O
dad	O
and	O
then	O
goes	O
right	O
along	O
and	O
talks	O
to	O
his	O
buddy	O
who	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
Hutu	B-NORP
or	O
a	O
Tutsi	B-NORP
/.	O


and	O
so	O
/-	O


but	O
they	O
never	O
ever	O
mention	O
that	O
uh	O
whatsoever	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
greatest	O
turnaround	O
of	O
any	O
country	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
eh	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


And	O
the	O
gorillas	O
are	O
coming	O
back	O
,	O
are	O
n't	O
they	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
they	O
're	O
/-	O


Oh	O
yeah	O
seventeen	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
increase	O
/.	O


and	O
of	O
course	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
has	O
about	B-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
seventy	I-CARDINAL
,	O
right	O
/.	O


Uganda	B-GPE
has	O
about	B-CARDINAL
another	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


So	O
you	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
a	O
species	O
that	O
is	O
very	O
very	O
vital	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
their	O
numbers	O
are	O
concerned	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
if	O
somebody	O
got	O
a	O
cold	O
up	O
there	O
like	O
the	O
veterinary	O
project	O
's	O
doing	O
a	O
great	O
job	O
up	O
there	O
right	O
now	O
uh	O
you	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
disaster	O
up	O
there	O
/.	O


so	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
people	O
ca	O
n't	O
have	O
colds	O
if	O
they	O
go	O
up	O
and	O
visit	O
the	O
gorillas	O
that	O
type	O
of	O
thing	O
/.	O


Uh	O
Jack	B-PERSON
it	O
's	O
always	O
good	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
glad	O
uh	O
you	O
spent	O
so	O
much	O
time	O
in	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
/.	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
glad	O
you	O
talk	O
as	O
fast	O
as	O
I	O
do	O
/.	O


Oh	O
yeah	O
I	O
do	O
/.	O


I	O
got	O
a	O
little	O
cottage	O
over	O
there	O
/.	O


so	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
spending	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
time	O
over	O
there	O
/.	O


Well	O
you	O
're	O
doing	O
great	O
things	O
for	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


Appreciate	O
it	O
/.	O


Thanks	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
lot	O
ahead	O
tonight	B-TIME
on	O
Three	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sixty	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Horrible	O
case	O
of	O
deja	O
vu	O
/.	O


another	O
deadly	O
school	O
shooting	O
/.	O


this	O
time	O
in	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
/.	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
latest	O
on	O
this	O
developing	O
story	O
/.	O


Uh	O
also	O
why	O
some	O
are	O
calling	O
the	O
riots	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
that	O
country	O
's	O
Katrina	B-EVENT
problems	O
long	O
in	O
the	O
making	O
that	O
the	O
violence	O
has	O
now	O
revealed	O
/.	O


And	O
a	O
report	O
card	O
well	O
on	O
our	O
collective	O
sex	O
lives	O
/.	O


/.	O
Jack	B-PERSON
you	O
want	O
to	O
stick	O
around	O
for	O
this	O
the	O
biggest	O
study	O
since	O
the	O
Kinsey	B-PERSON
report	O
they	O
say	O
/.	O


So	O
How	O
much	O
have	O
we	O
changed	O
in	O
our	O
habits	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
fifty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
/?	O


You	O
actually	O
can	O
get	O
your	O
questions	O
answered	O
about	O
this	O
/-	O


You	O
can	O
call	O
us	O
at	O
one	O
eight	O
seven	O
seven	O
six	O
four	O
eight	O
thity	O
-	O
six	O
thirty	O
-	O
nine	O
that	O
's	O
one	O
eight	O
seven	O
seven	O
six	O
four	O
eight	O
thirty	O
-	O
six	O
thirty	O
-	O
nine	O
or	O
email	O
us	O
by	O
going	O
to	O
our	O
website	O
CNN	O
dot	O
com	O
slash	O
Three	O
Sixty	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
put	O
your	O
questions	O
to	O
some	O
experts	O
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
the	B-TIME
second	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
of	O
Three	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sixty	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
women	O
are	O
essential	O
/.	O


but	O
are	O
men	O
even	O
necessary	O
/?	O


I	O
'll	O
talk	O
to	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
columnist	O
Maureen	B-PERSON
Dowd	I-PERSON
about	O
her	O
latest	O
book	O
/.	O


Also	O
the	O
latest	O
details	O
in	O
the	O
fatal	O
school	O
shooting	O
/.	O


Second	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
of	O
Three	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sixty	I-WORK_OF_ART
starts	O
now	O
/.	O


Should	O
torture	O
be	O
banned	O
during	O
interrogations	O
/?	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
says	O
the	O
ban	O
is	O
n't	O
necessary	O
/.	O


but	O
without	O
it	O
some	O
fear	O
the	O
military	O
will	O
go	O
too	O
far	O
/.	O


I	O
'd	O
stick	O
a	O
knife	O
in	O
somebody	O
's	O
thigh	O
in	O
a	O
heartbeat	O
/.	O


Plus	O
let	O
's	O
talk	O
about	O
sex	O
/.	O


The	O
biggest	O
study	O
on	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
collective	O
sex	O
life	O
in	O
fifty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


and	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
believe	O
the	O
results	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
taking	O
your	O
calls	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
Anderson	B-WORK_OF_ART
Cooper	I-WORK_OF_ART
Three	I-WORK_OF_ART
Sixty	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Live	O
from	O
the	O
CNN	B-ORG
studios	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
here	O
's	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
Cooper	I-PERSON
/.	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
joining	O
us	O
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
look	O
at	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
stories	O
that	O
are	O
making	O
headlines	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


At	O
this	O
moment	O
a	O
fatal	O
school	O
shooting	O
in	O
uh	O
Jacksboro	B-GPE
Tennessee	B-GPE
leaves	O
an	O
assistant	O
principal	O
dead	O
/.	O


No	O
students	O
were	O
injured	O
/.	O


Authorities	O
are	O
holding	O
a	B-DATE
fifteen	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
attack	O
/.	O


The	O
school	O
's	O
principal	O
and	O
a	O
second	O
assistant	O
principal	O
are	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
serious	O
wounds	O
/.	O


Another	O
CIA	B-ORG
leak	O
probe	O
may	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
works	O
/.	O


This	O
time	O
the	O
question	O
is	O
who	O
told	O
The	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
that	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
is	O
operating	O
prisons	O
in	O
Eastern	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
/.	O


Republican	B-NORP
congressional	O
leaders	O
have	O
asked	O
for	O
an	O
investigation	O
/.	O


To	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
now	O
/.	O


another	O
defense	O
attorney	O
in	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
trial	O
is	O
murdered	O
/.	O


A	O
second	B-ORDINAL
co-defendant	O
's	O
lawyer	O
was	O
gunned	O
down	O
/.	O


The	O
killings	O
are	O
raising	O
questions	O
about	O
whether	O
the	O
trial	O
will	O
resume	O
as	O
scheduled	O
on	O
November	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
eighth	I-DATE
/.	O


Indiana	B-GPE
now	O
/.	O


the	O
mobile	O
home	O
park	O
residents	O
who	O
survived	O
Sunday	B-DATE
's	O
deadly	O
tornado	O
will	O
be	O
allowed	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
/.	O


Authorities	O
put	O
the	O
official	O
death	O
count	O
at	O
22	B-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Indiana	B-GPE
counties	O
/.	O


Back	O
to	O
Jacksboro	B-GPE
Tennessee	B-GPE
now	O
where	O
tonight	B-TIME
Campbell	B-FAC
County	I-FAC
Comprehensive	I-FAC
High	I-FAC
School	I-FAC
is	O
a	O
crime	O
scene	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
today	O
's	O
deadly	O
school	O
shooting	O
/.	O


CNN	B-ORG
's	O
David	B-PERSON
Mattingly	I-PERSON
joins	O
us	O
with	O
the	O
latest	O
on	O
the	O
investigation	O
/.	O


David	B-PERSON
/?	O


Anderson	B-PERSON
some	O
new	O
information	O
for	O
you	O
at	O
this	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
/.	O


We	O
're	O
hearing	O
from	O
Knoxville	B-GPE
the	O
principal	O
Gary	B-PERSON
Seal	I-PERSON
and	O
assistant	O
principal	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Pierce	I-PERSON
are	O
both	O
out	O
of	O
surgery	O
at	O
this	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
/.	O


Both	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
now	O
listed	O
in	O
serious	O
condition	O
/.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
survivors	O
of	O
this	O
shooting	O
/.	O


A	O
third	B-ORDINAL
assistant	O
principal	O
Ken	B-PERSON
Bruce	I-PERSON
was	O
killed	O
as	O
a	O
fifteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
student	O
opened	O
fire	O
with	O
a	O
handgun	O
near	O
the	O
school	O
offices	O
/.	O


That	O
happened	O
a	B-TIME
little	I-TIME
after	I-TIME
two	I-TIME
o'clock	I-TIME
today	I-TIME
/.	O


and	O
as	O
you	O
might	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
behind	O
me	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
flashing	O
blue	O
lights	O
the	O
investigation	O
still	O
underway	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
also	O
learned	O
that	O
at	O
this	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
investigators	O
have	O
questioned	O
others	O
as	O
to	O
where	O
this	O
young	O
man	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
gun	O
and	O
how	O
he	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
it	O
into	O
the	O
school	O
questioning	O
others	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
if	O
others	O
might	O
have	O
been	O
somehow	O
connected	O
to	O
this	O
case	O
/.	O


But	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
investigation	O
is	O
going	O
on	O
inside	O
the	O
building	O
collecting	O
every	O
possible	O
piece	O
of	O
evidence	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
/.	O


The	O
suspect	O
is	O
in	O
custody	O
at	O
a	O
juvenile	O
detention	O
facility	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
taken	O
there	O
after	O
being	O
treated	O
for	O
what	O
looked	O
like	O
a	O
gunshot	O
wound	O
to	O
his	O
hand	O
/.	O


Investigators	O
are	O
being	O
very	O
careful	O
about	O
how	O
they	O
say	O
uh	O
this	O
all	O
came	O
about	O
/.	O


Uh	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
willing	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
to	O
put	O
any	O
sort	O
of	O
A	O
B	O
and	O
C	O
sequence	O
together	O
/.	O


Uh	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
people	O
who	O
knew	O
this	O
young	O
man	O
who	O
say	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
troubled	O
/.	O


but	O
authorities	O
will	O
not	O
confirm	O
what	O
was	O
going	O
through	O
his	O
mind	O
or	O
what	O
was	O
happening	O
as	O
this	O
shooting	O
occurred	O
/.	O


Anderson	B-PERSON
/?	O


David	B-PERSON
we	O
've	O
spoke	O
uh	O
in	O
the	B-TIME
last	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
to	O
a	O
young	O
man	O
who	O
knows	O
uh	O
this	O
young	O
man	O
who	O
's	O
now	O
in	O
custody	O
who	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
suspended	O
previously	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
for	O
stabbing	O
an	O
assitant	O
principal	O
with	O
a	O
pen	O
or	O
a	O
pencil	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
know	O
anything	O
more	O
about	O
that	O
/?	O


Uh	O
authorities	O
will	O
not	O
talk	O
about	O
that	O
tonight	B-TIME
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
're	O
hoping	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
shed	O
more	O
light	O
on	O
that	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
/.	O


but	O
we	O
are	O
hearing	O
that	O
story	O
from	O
multiple	O
students	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
not	O
sure	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
rumors	O
that	O
go	O
around	O
after	O
these	O
type	O
of	O
incidents	O
do	O
occur	O
/.	O


but	O
there	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
some	O
certain	O
credibility	O
in	O
the	O
widespread	O
belief	O
that	O
uh	O
this	O
student	O
did	O
have	O
problems	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
prior	I-DATE
and	O
had	O
problems	O
uh	O
as	O
he	O
came	O
back	O
to	O
this	O
high	O
school	O
/.	O


And	O
David	B-PERSON
we	O
're	O
looking	O
at	O
pictures	O
now	O
of	O
the	O
suspect	O
being	O
put	O
into	O
a	O
police	O
car	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
you	O
've	O
seen	O
the	O
pictures	O
/.	O


Is	O
that	O
blood	O
on	O
his	O
shirt	O
/?	O


That	O
is	O
blood	O
on	O
his	O
shirt	O
/.	O


Again	O
he	O
was	O
treated	O
for	O
what	O
looked	O
like	O
a	O
gunshot	O
wound	O
to	O
his	O
hand	O
suggesting	O
that	O
he	O
might	O
have	O
been	O
wounded	O
himself	O
during	O
whatever	O
struggle	O
that	O
occurred	O
after	O
these	O
shootings	O
/.	O


Authorities	O
tell	O
us	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
subdued	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
responders	O
arrived	O
here	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
subdued	O
by	O
staff	O
here	O
at	O
the	O
school	O
/.	O


After	O
all	O
that	O
happened	O
the	O
school	O
was	O
in	O
lockdown	O
/.	O


the	O
students	O
were	O
locked	O
in	O
their	O
classes	O
for	O
about	B-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
/.	O


They	O
were	O
released	O
uh	O
to	O
some	O
very	O
anxious	O
parents	O
here	O
outside	O
the	O
school	O
grounds	O
/.	O


The	O
school	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
closed	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
rest	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
Anderson	B-PERSON
/.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
counseling	O
here	O
going	O
on	O
for	O
anyone	O
who	O
needs	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
goes	O
for	O
not	O
just	O
the	O
students	O
but	O
the	O
staff	O
here	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
David	B-PERSON
thanks	O
good	O
reporting	O
/.	O


As	O
David	B-PERSON
it	O
is	O
an	O
active	O
investigation	O
and	O
crime	O
scene	O
as	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
very	O
much	O
uh	O
still	O
an	O
active	O
crime	O
scene	O
/.	O


Uh	O
if	O
we	O
had	O
to	O
pick	O
a	O
single	O
thing	O
to	O
underscore	O
how	O
completely	O
life	O
has	O
changed	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
since	O
nine	B-EVENT
eleven	I-EVENT
it	O
might	O
be	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
now	O
arguments	O
serious	O
ones	O
not	O
only	O
against	O
but	O
also	O
for	O
torture	O
/.	O


Never	O
was	O
a	O
debate	O
about	O
this	O
subject	O
before	O
/.	O


now	O
there	O
certainly	O
is	O
/.	O


CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Forman	I-PERSON
has	O
been	O
investigating	O
/.	O


If	O
you	O
could	O
save	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
a	O
soldier	O
rescue	O
the	O
hostage	O
children	O
stop	O
the	O
next	O
terrorist	O
bomb	O
by	O
torturing	O
a	O
prisoner	O
for	O
information	O
would	O
you	O
do	O
it	O
/?	O


I	O
'd	O
stick	O
a	O
knife	O
in	O
somebody	O
's	O
thigh	O
in	O
a	B-TIME
heartbeat	I-TIME
/.	O


Retired	O
general	O
Spider	B-PERSON
Marks	I-PERSON
a	O
CNN	B-ORG
consultant	O
worked	O
for	O
US	B-GPE
army	O
intelligence	O
teaching	O
interrogation	O
techniques	O
/.	O


The	O
kind	O
of	O
enemies	O
we	O
're	O
fighting	O
have	O
no	O
sense	O
of	O
right	O
or	O
wrong	O
/.	O


They	O
will	O
go	O
to	O
any	O
depths	O
to	O
achieve	O
their	O
ends	O
/.	O


Do	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
with	O
them	O
/?	O


we	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
go	O
with	O
them	O
/.	O


we	O
need	O
to	O
preclude	O
them	O
from	O
going	O
there	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
might	O
include	O
some	O
use	O
of	O
torture	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
prevent	O
it	O
/.	O


Polls	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
sixty	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
Americans	O
think	O
it	O
can	O
sometimes	O
be	O
justified	O
/.	O


But	O
here	O
's	O
the	O
catch	O
/.	O


Experts	O
including	O
General	O
Marks	B-PERSON
are	O
convinced	O
with	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
prisoners	O
it	O
just	O
does	O
n't	O
work	O
/.	O


It	O
does	O
not	O
give	O
you	O
credible	O
accurate	O
timely	O
inactionable	O
intelligence	O
/.	O


Mark	B-PERSON
Jacobson	I-PERSON
a	O
former	O
defense	O
department	O
official	O
outlines	O
the	O
troubles	O
/.	O


You	O
need	O
to	O
know	O
a	O
prisoner	O
has	O
critical	O
information	O
/.	O


the	O
prisoner	O
must	O
be	O
succeptable	O
to	O
torture	O
/.	O


and	O
oh	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
when	O
people	O
are	O
tortured	O
,	O
when	O
people	O
endure	O
physical	O
pain	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
seek	O
to	O
stop	O
that	O
as	O
quickly	O
as	O
possible	O
/.	O


If	O
I	O
torture	O
you	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
tell	O
me	O
exactly	O
what	O
I	O
expect	O
to	O
hear	O
/.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
under	O
fire	O
over	O
reports	O
of	O
secret	O
CIA	B-ORG
prisons	O
overseas	O
says	O
torture	O
is	O
not	O
allowed	O
/.	O


But	O
/-	O


We	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
/.	O


We	O
are	O
also	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
adheres	O
to	O
our	O
laws	O
and	O
to	O
our	O
values	O
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
have	O
made	O
that	O
very	O
clear	O
/.	O


The	O
definition	O
of	O
torture	O
is	O
infliction	O
of	O
severe	O
physical	O
pain	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
punishment	O
or	O
coersion	O
/.	O


Legal	O
authorities	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
are	O
arguing	O
over	O
what	O
that	O
means	O
/.	O


Some	O
insist	O
the	O
abuses	O
at	O
that	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
prison	O
easily	O
qualify	O
along	O
with	O
sleep	O
deprivation	O
humiliation	O
extreme	O
fear	O
/.	O


Others	O
say	O
those	O
things	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
come	O
close	O
/.	O


The	O
global	O
jury	O
is	O
still	O
out	O
/.	O


and	O
even	O
experts	O
are	O
pondering	O
a	O
paradox	O
/.	O


So	O
in	O
your	O
experience	O
and	O
in	O
your	O
view	O
torture	O
as	O
a	O
policy	O
should	O
be	O
against	O
the	O
law	O
/.	O


True	O
/.	O


And	O
yet	O
we	O
might	O
still	O
have	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
/.	O


True	O
/.	O


And	O
wondering	O
which	O
truth	O
about	O
torture	O
will	O
stand	O
in	O
a	O
dangerous	O
world	O
/.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
Forman	I-PERSON
CNN	B-ORG
Washington	B-GPE
/.	O


Well	O
it	O
's	O
interesting	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
has	O
said	O
categorically	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
torture	O
/.	O


He	O
also	O
says	O
we	O
'll	O
do	O
whatever	O
is	O
necessary	O
/.	O


So	O
what	O
exactly	O
does	O
that	O
mean	O
/?	O


We	O
asked	O
a	O
couple	O
law	O
professors	O
earlier	B-TIME
this	I-TIME
evening	I-TIME
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
issue	O
with	O
us	O
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
Yoo	I-PERSON
of	O
University	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
California	I-ORG
Berkeley	I-ORG
who	O
served	O
in	O
the	O
justice	O
department	O
from	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
/.	O


He	O
's	O
also	O
a	O
visiting	O
scholar	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Enterprise	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
/.	O


Also	O
joining	O
us	O
Alan	B-PERSON
Dershowitz	I-PERSON
professor	O
of	O
law	O
at	O
Harvard	B-ORG
the	O
author	O
of	O
a	O
great	O
many	O
books	O
including	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Case	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	I-WORK_OF_ART
Peace	I-WORK_OF_ART
How	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Arab	I-WORK_OF_ART
Israeli	I-WORK_OF_ART
Conflict	I-WORK_OF_ART
can	I-WORK_OF_ART
be	I-WORK_OF_ART
Resolved	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Also	O
involved	O
in	O
discussion	O
was	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Goodman	I-PERSON
at	O
the	B-ORG
Center	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Contitutional	I-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
conversation	O
/.	O


Professor	O
Dershowitz	B-PERSON
under	O
what	O
circumstances	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
torture	O
is	O
justified	O
/?	O


Torture	O
is	O
never	O
justified	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
hope	O
we	O
never	O
have	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/.	O


But	O
if	O
we	O
ever	O
had	O
a	O
ticking	O
bomb	O
terrorist	O
who	O
could	O
under	O
torture	O
reveal	O
the	O
location	O
of	O
a	O
bomb	O
that	O
would	O
destroy	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
I	O
guarantee	O
you	O
we	O
would	O
use	O
it	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
an	O
empirical	O
judgement	O
not	O
a	O
normative	O
one	O
/.	O


And	O
if	O
we	O
would	O
use	O
it	O
then	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
only	O
with	O
accountability	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
or	O
the	O
vice	O
president	O
or	O
the	O
secretary	O
of	O
defense	O
or	O
the	O
chief	O
justice	O
has	O
to	O
specifically	O
authorize	O
precisely	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
extreme	O
measures	O
that	O
are	O
permitted	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
/.	O


No	O
extreme	O
measures	O
without	O
accountability	O
that	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
rule	O
/.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Goodman	I-PERSON
you	O
believe	O
that	O
's	O
uh	O
a	O
slippery	O
slope	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
slippery	O
slope	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
once	O
you	O
start	O
to	O
say	O
well	O
under	O
these	O
circumstances	O
empirically	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
provide	O
these	O
kinds	O
of	O
measures	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
it	O
then	O
you	O
're	O
basically	O
that	O
under	O
certain	O
circumstances	O
it	O
can	O
happen	O
It	O
should	O
happen	O
and	O
then	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
happen	O
under	O
more	O
than	O
those	O
exceptional	O
circumstances	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
start	O
becoming	O
the	O
regular	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
unusual	O
/.	O


Professor	B-PERSON
Yoo	I-PERSON
let	O
me	O
bring	O
you	O
in	O
here	O
um	O
/.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
about	O
Professor	O
Dershowitz	B-PERSON
's	O
argument	O
that	O
torture	O
under	O
any	O
circumstances	O
is	O
wrong	O
uh	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
supports	O
the	O
McCain	B-PERSON
amendment	O
uh	O
but	O
at	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
direction	O
uh	O
under	O
extraordinary	O
circumstances	O
/.	O


I	O
agree	O
with	O
much	O
of	O
what	O
Alan	B-PERSON
says	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
think	O
torture	O
is	O
wrong	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
illegal	O
/.	O


What	O
the	O
McCain	B-PERSON
amendment	O
is	O
just	O
repeating	O
is	O
the	O
Geneva	B-LAW
convention	I-LAW
standard	O
that	O
already	O
applies	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


what	O
the	O
problem	O
with	O
the	O
McCain	B-PERSON
amendment	O
is	O
,	O
that	O
it	O
prevents	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
to	O
use	O
interrogation	O
methods	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
torture	O
but	O
would	O
fall	O
under	O
this	O
vaguer	O
term	O
cruel	O
inhumane	O
degrading	O
treatment	O
which	O
is	O
/.	O


But	O
what	O
is	O
your	O
definition	O
of	O
torture	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
uh	O
I	O
understand	O
you	O
were	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
lawyers	O
in	O
the	O
justice	O
department	O
early	O
on	O
who	O
helped	O
craft	O
documents	O
outlining	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
some	O
called	O
a	O
before	O
nine	B-EVENT
eleven	I-EVENT
approach	O
and	O
after	O
nine	B-EVENT
eleven	I-EVENT
approach	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
torture	O
uh	O
that	O
I	O
understand	O
from	O
what	O
I	O
've	O
read	O
that	O
you	O
were	O
advocating	O
was	O
a	O
very	O
narrow	O
one	O
/.	O


look	O
/.	O


we	O
can	O
all	O
have	O
an	O
argument	O
where	O
exactly	O
that	O
line	O
is	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
means	O
severe	O
pain	O
and	O
suffering	O
either	O
physical	O
or	O
mental	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
imposed	O
/.	O


That	O
would	O
be	O
torture	O
/.	O


See	O
/.	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
broader	O
definition	O
of	O
torture	O
/.	O


I	O
would	O
define	O
it	O
very	O
broadly	O
then	O
prohibit	O
it	O
/.	O


But	O
then	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
felt	O
necessary	O
to	O
use	O
any	O
of	O
these	O
measures	O
short	O
of	O
torture	O
water	O
boarding	O
extreme	O
psychological	O
measures	O
if	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
is	O
prepared	O
to	O
put	O
his	O
credibility	O
on	O
the	O
line	O
and	O
say	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
is	O
stake	O
we	O
must	O
violate	O
the	O
law	O
in	O
this	O
instance	O
like	O
we	O
would	O
if	O
we	O
had	O
to	O
shoot	O
down	O
a	O
civilian	O
airliner	O
let	O
the	O
president	O
take	O
accountability	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
would	O
broaden	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
torture	O
/.	O


It	O
would	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
of	O
these	O
escape	O
valves	O
that	O
we	O
now	O
have	O
and	O
would	O
place	O
accountability	O
squarely	O
where	O
it	O
belongs	O
not	O
on	O
the	O
shoulders	O
of	O
sergeant	O
England	B-PERSON
or	O
some	O
other	O
low	O
ranking	O
official	O
/.	O


right	O
now	O
you	O
're	O
just	O
being	O
an	O
apologist	O
for	O
torture	O
/.	O


Oh	O
come	O
on	O
/.	O


stop	O
throwing	O
around	O
words	O
like	O
that	O
/.	O


uh	O
let	O
me	O
please	O
finish	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
that	O
's	O
just	O
insulting	O
to	O
the	O
intelligence	O
of	O
the	O
audience	O
/.	O


Look	O
/.	O


let	O
me	O
finish	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
/?	O


Let	O
me	O
talk	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
you	O
can	O
answer	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


Okay	O
/?	O


you	O
know	O
better	O
than	O
that	O
/.	O


what	O
's	O
your	O
point	O
/?	O


my	O
point	O
is	O
this	O
that	O
torture	O
is	O
new	O
in	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
discourse	O
in	O
many	O
ways	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
not	O
seen	O
the	O
prevalence	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
not	O
seen	O
an	O
outcropping	O
of	O
torture	O
notwithstanding	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
wars	O
in	O
which	O
we	O
've	O
engaged	O
until	O
this	O
current	O
administration	O
/.	O


Totally	O
false	O
/.	O


totally	O
false	O
/.	O


it	O
was	O
rampant	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
second	I-EVENT
world	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
/.	O


rampant	O
/.	O


And	O
please	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
but	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
true	O
that	O
there	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
torture	O
/?	O


Always	O
/.	O


There	O
always	O
has	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
degree	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
level	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
amount	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
seen	O
/.	O


Much	O
worse	O
/.	O


much	O
worse	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
fact	O
is	O
that	O
by	O
saying	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
allow	O
certain	O
circumstances	O
under	O
which	O
we	O
will	O
apologize	O
for	O
torture	O
/-	O


Much	O
worse	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Vietnam	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
/.	O


much	O
worse	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Korean	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
/.	O


much	O
worse	O
/.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
talk	O
without	O
me	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
you	O
're	O
saying	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
much	O
worse	O
/.	O


Much	O
worse	O
/.	O


Professor	O
Yoo	B-PERSON
eh	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
says	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
does	O
not	O
torture	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
believe	O
that	O
's	O
true	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
I	O
believe	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
true	O
,	O
that	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
abuses	O
like	O
Abu	B-FAC
Ghraib	I-FAC
occuring	O
they	O
're	O
just	O
illegal	O
and	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
punished	O
/.	O


Professor	O
Dershowitz	B-PERSON
does	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
torture	O
/?	O


Of	O
course	O
it	O
does	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
does	O
with	O
a	O
wink	O
and	O
a	O
nod	O
from	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
from	O
the	O
secretary	O
of	O
defense	O
from	O
the	O
vice	O
president	O
/.	O


Just	O
the	O
message	O
he	O
gave	O
yesterday	B-DATE
we	O
do	O
n't	O
approve	O
torture	O
but	O
we	O
approve	O
doing	O
whatever	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
stop	O
terrorism	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
sends	O
a	O
mixed	O
message	O
/.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
let	O
me	O
uh	O
tell	O
you	O
something	O
that	O
Senator	O
Roberts	B-PERSON
has	O
said	O
about	O
the	O
McCain	B-PERSON
amendment	O
/.	O


He	O
says	O
and	O
I	O
'm	O
paraphrasing	O
that	O
basically	O
the	O
element	O
of	O
surprise	O
what	O
the	O
enemy	O
does	O
not	O
know	O
about	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
to	O
them	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
powerful	O
tool	O
/.	O


And	O
so	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
specify	O
/.	O


you	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
write	O
out	O
exactly	O
what	O
can	O
and	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
done	O
/.	O


That	O
is	O
truly	O
apologism	O
for	O
torture	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
saying	O
that	O
torture	O
does	O
work	O
can	O
work	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
never	O
been	O
proven	O
to	O
work	O
/.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Goodman	I-PERSON
Professor	O
Yoo	B-PERSON
Professor	O
Dershowitz	B-PERSON
thanks	O
very	O
much	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
/.	O


Still	O
ahead	O
on	O
Three	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sixty	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
It	O
may	O
be	O
off	O
-	O
year	O
elections	O
but	O
they	O
're	O
being	O
closely	O
watched	O
/.	O


The	O
latest	O
results	O
and	O
what	O
they	O
say	O
about	O
the	O
future	O
/.	O


Also	O
the	O
crisis	O
unfolding	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
what	O
the	O
riots	O
and	O
the	O
raids	O
behind	O
them	O
have	O
revealed	O
.	O
And	O
why	O
Maureen	B-PERSON
Dowd	I-PERSON
thinks	O
women	O
of	O
her	O
generation	O
were	O
sold	O
a	O
bill	O
of	O
goods	O
/.	O


All	O
the	O
things	O
we	O
did	O
that	O
we	O
thought	O
would	O
make	O
us	O
more	O
fascinating	O
like	O
high	O
-	O
powered	O
careers	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
wanted	O
that	O
snappy	O
Hepburn	B-PERSON
Tracy	B-PERSON
dialogue	O
because	O
actually	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
guys	O
find	O
that	O
draining	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
talk	O
to	O
her	O
about	O
that	O
and	O
a	O
whole	O
lot	O
more	O
/.	O


Be	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


Election	O
returns	O
are	O
coming	O
in	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
uh	O
state	O
and	O
local	O
races	O
with	O
nationally	O
known	O
faces	O
and	O
issues	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
celebrity	O
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
/.	O


With	O
us	O
tonight	B-TIME
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
John	B-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
and	O
Jeff	B-PERSON
Greenfield	I-PERSON
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
start	O
with	O
breaking	O
news	O
and	O
John	B-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
in	O
DC	B-GPE
/.	O


What	O
's	O
the	O
latest	O
John	B-PERSON
/?	O


Anderson	B-PERSON
more	O
statements	O
from	O
the	O
democrats	B-NORP
celebrating	O
tonight	B-TIME
more	O
events	O
planned	O
by	O
the	O
democrats	B-NORP
tomorrow	B-TIME
/.	O


They	O
believe	O
they	O
have	O
the	O
upper	O
hand	O
in	O
these	O
off	O
-	O
year	O
elections	O
/.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
biggest	O
races	O
the	O
races	O
for	O
the	O
governorships	O
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
and	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
/.	O


Democrats	B-NORP
winning	O
in	O
both	O
of	O
those	O
states	O
we	O
can	O
show	O
you	O
here	O
/.	O


CNN	B-ORG
projecting	O
that	O
Tim	B-PERSON
Kaine	I-PERSON
now	O
the	O
lieutenant	O
governor	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
next	O
governor	O
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
winning	O
quite	O
handily	O
fifty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
to	O
forty	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
six	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
over	O
republican	B-NORP
Jerry	B-PERSON
Kilgore	I-PERSON
/.	O


Also	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
John	B-PERSON
Corzine	I-PERSON
the	O
democrat	B-NORP
with	O
fifty	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
four	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
vote	O
right	O
now	O
beating	O
Doug	B-PERSON
Forrester	I-PERSON
the	O
republican	B-NORP
just	B-PERCENT
forty	I-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
three	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
/.	O


Ninety	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
one	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
vote	O
counted	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
/.	O


Ninety	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
nine	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
vote	O
counted	O
now	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
/.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
democratic	B-NORP
victories	O
in	O
the	O
races	O
for	O
governor	O
/.	O


Republican	B-NORP
Michael	B-PERSON
Bloomberg	I-PERSON
will	O
win	O
re-election	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
/.	O


Republicans	B-NORP
will	O
celebrate	O
that	O
/.	O


That	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
frustration	O
to	O
democrats	B-NORP
/.	O


How	O
much	O
does	O
this	O
mean	O
nationally	O
/?	O


That	O
race	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Jeresey	I-GPE
was	O
much	O
more	O
personally	O
nasty	O
about	O
property	O
taxes	O
perhaps	O
than	O
about	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
or	O
any	O
national	O
issues	O
/.	O


The	O
Virginia	B-GPE
race	O
about	O
the	O
death	O
penalty	O
about	O
other	O
state	O
issues	O
as	O
well	O
traffic	O
number	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
among	O
them	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
democrats	B-NORP
will	O
certainly	O
that	O
the	O
Virginia	B-GPE
race	O
is	O
proof	O
that	O
the	O
republican	B-NORP
base	O
is	O
demoralized	O
/.	O


That	O
will	O
be	O
studied	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
as	O
we	O
look	O
at	O
these	O
off	O
-	O
year	O
elections	O
and	O
how	O
much	O
they	O
play	O
into	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


Many	O
state	O
ballot	O
questions	O
that	O
are	O
of	O
some	O
national	O
import	O
tonight	B-TIME
/.	O


A	O
anti-gas	O
tax	O
initiative	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
state	O
/.	O


we	O
wo	O
n't	O
get	O
the	O
results	O
there	O
until	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
/.	O


A	O
split	O
verdict	O
if	O
you	O
will	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
gay	O
rights	O
/.	O


Texas	B-GPE
voters	O
adopting	O
a	O
Constituional	B-LAW
amendment	O
to	O
finding	O
marriage	O
as	O
between	O
a	O
man	O
and	O
woman	O
/.	O


but	O
supporters	O
of	O
gay	O
rights	O
winning	O
a	O
referendum	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Maine	B-GPE
/.	O


That	O
is	O
something	O
to	O
watch	O
heading	O
into	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
as	O
well	O
because	O
republicans	B-NORP
think	O
that	O
helps	O
increase	O
turnout	O
among	O
conservatives	O
/.	O


And	O
ballots	O
of	O
course	O
/.	O


Uh	O
the	O
polls	O
are	O
still	O
open	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
/.	O


so	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
about	O
the	O
ballot	O
initiatives	O
there	O
/.	O


Is	O
Arnold	B-PERSON
Schwarzenegger	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
reputation	O
on	O
these	O
ballots	O
/?	O


Yes	O
they	O
did	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
company	O
that	O
approached	O
me	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
selling	O
medicine	O
or	O
pharmaceuticals	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
sort	O
of	O
about	O
selling	O
a	O
full	O
body	O
approach	O
to	O
wellness	O
/.	O


Um	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
gap	O
between	O
those	O
that	O
are	O
mentally	O
ill	O
and	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
/.	O


Something	B-DATE
like	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
less	O
life	O
expectancy	O
with	O
mental	O
illness	O
/.	O


Really	O
/?	O


People	O
are	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
themselves	O
/.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
make	O
regular	O
checkups	O
with	O
their	O
doctor	O
/.	O


They	O
medicate	O
with	O
alcohol	O
and	O
too	O
much	O
food	O
/.	O


And	O
because	O
of	O
those	O
lifestyle	O
choices	O
you	O
know	O
they	O
're	O
dying	O
sooner	O
/.	O


So	O
I	O
really	O
wanted	O
to	O
get	O
out	O
and	O
address	O
that	O
and	O
offer	O
some	O
common	O
sense	O
approaches	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
use	O
medication	O
too	O
/?	O


I	O
do	O
use	O
medication	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
name	O
the	O
drug	O
you	O
take	O
/?	O


Alright	O
let	O
's	O
go	O
back	O
Linda	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
do	O
not	O
name	O
the	O
drug	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
feel	O
that	O
that	O
's	O
responsible	O
to	O
name	O
any	O
drug	O
/.	O


When	O
was	O
that	O
first	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
problem	O
/?	O


Well	O
looking	O
back	O
I	O
feel	O
that	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
my	O
life	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
problem	O
/.	O


As	O
a	O
teenager	O
you	O
mean	O
/?	O


As	O
a	O
teenager	O
even	O
as	O
a	O
younger	O
girl	O
I	O
had	O
some	O
depression	O
/.	O


but	O
no	O
one	O
really	O
noticed	O
it	O
was	O
depression	O
/.	O


nor	O
did	O
I	O
know	O
in	O
those	O
days	O
that	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
it	O
was	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
did	O
feel	O
different	O
from	O
other	O
people	O
/.	O


Um	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
hiding	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
my	O
childhood	O
although	O
I	O
had	O
a	O
wonderful	O
upbringing	O
and	O
a	O
very	O
normal	O
middle	O
class	O
upbringing	O
/.	O


Where	O
'd	O
you	O
grow	O
up	O
/?	O


In	O
Maryland	B-GPE
on	O
the	B-LOC
Chesapeake	I-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
/.	O


Ah	O
North	O
West	O
/.	O


Salisbury	B-GPE
Maryland	B-GPE
/.	O


What	O
'd	O
your	O
father	O
do	O
/?	O


My	O
father	O
was	O
a	O
doctor	O
/.	O


Oh	O
/.	O


who	O
died	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
five	B-DATE
/.	O


Oh	O
/.	O


But	O
he	O
was	O
also	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
bipolar	O
disorder	O
/.	O


In	O
those	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
they	O
called	O
it	O
manic	O
depression	O
/.	O


But	O
he	O
had	O
extreme	O
mood	O
swings	O
and	O
died	O
in	O
a	O
car	O
crash	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
five	B-DATE
/.	O


And	O
so	O
it	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
separate	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
was	O
the	O
reality	O
for	O
me	O
/.	O


Was	O
it	O
loss	O
of	O
father	O
that	O
drove	O
me	O
into	O
depression	O
/?	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
can	O
all	O
look	O
around	O
and	O
find	O
situations	O
that	O
fuel	O
a	O
certain	O
feeling	O
in	O
our	O
lives	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
realize	O
now	O
looking	O
back	O
over	O
my	O
life	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
really	O
just	O
in	O
hiding	O
um	O
comforted	O
myself	O
with	O
food	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
a	O
compulsive	O
eater	O
/.	O


Overweight	O
/?	O


By	O
the	O
time	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
high	O
school	O
I	O
was	O
a	B-QUANTITY
hundred	I-QUANTITY
and	I-QUANTITY
seventy	I-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
/.	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
just	O
very	O
alone	O
in	O
life	O
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
get	O
uh	O
moody	O
a	O
lot	O
/?	O


I	O
was	O
moody	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
was	O
only	O
when	O
I	O
got	O
out	O
of	O
my	O
childhood	O
home	O
and	O
started	O
having	O
the	O
freedom	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
wild	O
girl	O
and	O
express	O
all	O
that	O
was	O
inside	O
of	O
me	O
that	O
I	O
really	O
got	O
into	O
trouble	O
/.	O


Were	O
you	O
a	O
wild	O
girl	O
/?	O


I	O
was	O
a	O
wild	O
girl	O
/.	O


I	O
was	O
a	O
real	O
alcoholic	O
for	O
the	O
longest	O
time	O
/.	O


I	O
messed	O
with	O
drugs	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
've	O
come	O
through	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
things	O
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
college	O
/?	O


I	O
was	O
a	O
chaotic	O
mess	O
even	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
/.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
was	O
probably	O
the	O
lowest	O
of	O
the	O
low	O
for	O
me	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
twenty	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
and	O
went	O
into	O
a	O
therapist	O
's	O
chair	O
with	O
such	O
a	O
broken	O
heart	O
such	O
a	O
broken	O
life	O
you	O
know	O
and	O
a	O
friend	O
that	O
had	O
recently	O
died	O
just	O
sort	O
of	O
pushed	O
me	O
over	O
the	O
edge	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
best	O
thing	O
I	O
ever	O
did	O
/.	O


I	O
sought	O
help	O
for	O
twenty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


I	O
worked	O
tirelessly	O
to	O
conquer	O
my	O
behaviors	O
/.	O


You	O
were	O
in	O
therapy	O
for	O
twenty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
/?	O


For	O
twenty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
different	O
therapies	O
different	O
body	O
work	O
acupuncture	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
worked	O
with	O
psychiatrists	O
therapists	O
healers	O
/.	O


No	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
seeker	O
/.	O


so	O
I	O
worked	O
really	O
hard	O
to	O
kind	O
of	O
curtail	O
those	O
behaviors	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
in	O
charge	O
or	O
in	O
control	O
of	O
my	O
behavior	O
until	O
I	O
went	O
on	O
medicine	O
when	O
I	O
got	O
the	O
proper	O
diagnosis	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
was	O
able	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
my	O
life	O
to	O
step	O
back	O
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
college	O
/?	O


I	O
went	O
to	O
college	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


What	O
school	O
/?	O


Ah	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
Washington	B-ORG
College	I-ORG
in	O
Chestertown	B-GPE
Maryland	B-GPE
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
have	O
problems	O
there	O
/?	O


Um	O
I	O
was	O
an	O
outsider	O
even	O
then	O
/.	O


I	O
lived	O
off	O
campus	O
/.	O


never	O
really	O
felt	O
like	O
I	O
belonged	O
in	O
the	O
college	O
drama	O
department	O
/.	O


I	O
was	O
always	O
sort	O
of	O
separate	O
/.	O


Um	O
and	O
then	O
when	O
I	O
realized	O
that	O
my	O
real	O
passion	O
was	O
for	O
acting	O
I	O
took	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
my	O
money	O
and	O
my	O
college	O
fund	O
and	O
moved	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
and	O
studied	O
and	O
maintained	O
rather	O
well	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
/.	O


When	O
I	O
got	O
to	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
at	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
all	O
hell	O
broke	O
loose	O
/.	O


Even	O
though	O
you	O
got	O
acclaim	O
and	O
did	O
well	O
/.	O


so	O
how	O
do	O
you	O
explain	O
/?	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
dichotomy	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
some	O
of	O
us	O
are	O
luckier	O
than	O
others	O
/.	O


What	O
was	O
your	O
break	O
/?	O


Even	O
though	O
I	O
say	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
under	O
the	O
you	O
know	O
terrible	O
burden	O
of	O
mental	O
illness	O
I	O
think	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
real	O
survivor	O
streak	O
in	O
me	O
and	O
a	O
real	O
fighter	O
and	O
a	O
real	O
fierceness	O
/.	O


and	O
maybe	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
people	O
saw	O
and	O
hired	O
me	O
for	O
you	O
know	O
cause	O
I	O
was	O
really	O
just	O
going	O
to	O
keep	O
pushing	O
until	O
I	O
got	O
free	O
of	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
were	O
bothering	O
me	O
/.	O


What	O
was	O
your	O
first	B-ORDINAL
break	O
in	O
LA	B-GPE
/?	O


My	O
first	B-ORDINAL
break	O
was	O
a	O
movie	O
for	O
television	O
that	O
I	O
did	O
with	O
Mickey	B-PERSON
Roarke	I-PERSON
/.	O


Mickey	B-PERSON
Roarke	I-PERSON
was	O
just	O
breaking	O
big	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
replaced	O
an	O
actress	O
actually	O
who	O
was	O
just	O
in	O
over	O
her	O
head	O
/.	O


Mickey	B-PERSON
I	O
think	O
was	O
an	O
intimidating	O
presence	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
had	O
hired	O
a	O
girl	O
who	O
had	O
done	O
very	O
little	O
had	O
done	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
stage	O
work	O
but	O
just	O
was	O
n't	O
prepared	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
work	O
and	O
face	O
Mickey	B-PERSON
Roarke	I-PERSON
/.	O


uh	O
remember	O
the	O
Greta	B-PERSON
Rideout	I-PERSON
and	O
John	B-PERSON
Rideout	I-PERSON
story	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
woman	O
who	O
sued	O
her	O
husband	O
for	O
rape	O
/?	O


I	O
played	O
her	O
in	O
a	O
film	O
with	O
Mickey	B-PERSON
/.	O


When	O
you	O
hit	O
it	O
big	O
with	O
Terminator	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
everything	O
was	O
going	O
fantastic	O
for	O
you	O
you	O
were	O
still	O
bipolar	O
,	O
right	O
/?	O


Well	O
very	O
much	O
/.	O


and	O
somehow	O
the	O
bigger	O
the	O
life	O
the	O
bigger	O
the	O
illness	O
/.	O


It	O
just	O
kept	O
growing	O
the	O
illness	O
my	O
behavior	O
/.	O


so	O
you	O
'd	O
get	O
into	O
a	O
certain	O
pattern	O
of	O
behavior	O
/.	O


and	O
now	O
you	O
're	O
dealing	O
with	O
a	O
pattern	O
of	O
behavior	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
an	O
emotional	O
illness	O
/.	O


So	O
this	O
did	O
n't	O
help	O
it	O
/?	O


No	O
no	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
gave	O
me	O
a	O
wonderful	O
arena	O
in	O
which	O
to	O
act	O
out	O
all	O
my	O
rage	O
/.	O


I	O
'd	O
be	O
like	O
you	O
're	O
really	O
good	O
at	O
being	O
mad	O
/.	O


But	O
uh	O
for	O
success	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
about	O
how	O
you	O
feel	O
about	O
yourself	O
inside	O
/.	O


and	O
inside	O
I	O
was	O
just	O
a	O
scared	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
control	O
hurt	O
little	O
girl	O
for	O
most	O
of	O
my	O
life	O
/.	O


Did	O
marriages	O
help	O
/?	O


No	O
um	O
/.	O


You	O
had	O
two	B-CARDINAL
/?	O


As	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
fact	O
I	O
would	O
say	O
/-	O


yes	O
two	B-CARDINAL
marriages	O
one	O
to	O
James	B-PERSON
Cameron	I-PERSON
and	O
before	O
that	O
to	O
Bruce	B-PERSON
Abbot	I-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
have	O
a	O
child	O
with	O
each	O
/.	O


I	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
take	O
this	O
moment	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
n't	O
married	O
to	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Horton	I-PERSON
which	O
is	O
sort	O
of	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
websites	O
that	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
married	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
so	O
I	O
look	O
like	O
/-	O


But	O
that	O
's	O
false	O
information	O
/.	O


I	O
was	O
never	O
married	O
to	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Horton	I-PERSON
/.	O


How	O
old	O
are	O
the	O
children	O
/?	O


Um	O
how	O
old	O
are	O
the	O
children	O
/?	O


My	O
son	O
is	O
sixteen	B-DATE
/.	O


and	O
my	O
daughter	O
is	O
twelve	B-DATE
/.	O


And	O
how	O
are	O
they	O
doing	O
/?	O


They	O
're	O
doing	O
well	O
/.	O


Any	O
signs	O
of	O
bipolar	O
in	O
them	O
/?	O


No	O
/.	O


but	O
boy	O
they	O
have	O
someone	O
that	O
's	O
watching	O
them	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
any	O
signs	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
a	O
household	O
where	O
we	O
talk	O
about	O
our	O
feelings	O
and	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
afraid	O
to	O
speak	O
of	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
/.	O


I	O
just	O
find	O
it	O
strange	O
that	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
everyone	O
is	O
so	O
easy	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
superficial	O
you	O
know	O
and	O
how	O
people	O
look	O
and	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
to	O
their	O
faces	O
but	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
really	O
having	O
the	O
dialog	O
of	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
inside	O
of	O
them	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
I	O
hid	O
my	O
symptoms	O
pretty	O
well	O
for	O
most	O
of	O
my	O
life	O
/.	O


But	O
there	O
's	O
still	O
a	O
raging	O
war	O
going	O
on	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
ask	O
Linda	B-PERSON
when	O
it	O
got	O
its	O
worst	O
,	O
how	O
bad	O
it	O
got	O
,	O
what	O
were	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
concepts	O
she	O
had	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
taking	O
your	O
calls	O
at	O
the	B-TIME
bottom	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
/.	O


Tomorrow	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
Rod	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
repeat	O
the	O
Roseanne	B-PERSON
Barr	I-PERSON
interview	O
Sunday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
and	O
Monday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
/.	O


This	O
is	O
an	O
eclectic	O
show	O
/.	O


Colin	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
Robert	B-PERSON
Downey	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
and	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
Stone	I-PERSON
/.	O


Way	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
living	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
back	O
with	O
Linda	B-PERSON
Hamilton	I-PERSON
/.	O


Were	O
you	O
comfortable	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
illness	O
being	O
frantic	O
/?	O


Actually	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
was	O
a	O
pretty	O
ordinary	O
place	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
/.	O


So	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
hard	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
go	O
nuts	O
,	O
right	O
/?	O


I	O
was	O
frantic	O
inside	O
/.	O


No	O
/.	O


And	O
to	O
just	O
sort	O
of	O
let	O
it	O
get	O
out	O
there	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
was	O
you	O
know	O
safe	O
/.	O


At	O
its	O
height	O
how	O
bad	O
was	O
it	O
/?	O


What	O
would	O
you	O
hallucinate	O
/?	O


Um	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
terrible	O
hallucinations	O
/.	O


at	O
its	O
height	O
the	O
biggest	O
low	O
was	O
uh	O
the	O
birth	O
of	O
my	O
second	B-ORDINAL
child	O
and	O
a	O
post-partem	O
depression	O
that	O
followed	O
which	O
was	O
very	O
much	O
like	O
a	O
psychosis	O
/.	O


I	O
could	O
n't	O
leave	O
the	O
house	O
without	O
thinking	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
chopped	O
into	O
bloody	O
pieces	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
had	O
visions	O
/.	O


I	O
could	O
n't	O
leave	O
my	O
house	O
without	O
feeling	O
/-	O


you	O
know	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
I	O
had	O
gone	O
through	O
thirteen	B-CARDINAL
nannies	O
or	O
something	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
just	O
did	O
not	O
feel	O
that	O
my	O
kids	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
OK	O
if	O
I	O
was	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
house	O
protecting	O
them	O
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
ever	O
think	O
you	O
would	O
harm	O
them	O
/?	O


That	O
happens	O
sometimes	O
/.	O


Um	O
no	O
I	O
have	O
not	O
ever	O
felt	O
that	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
know	O
people	O
that	O
have	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
praise	O
God	O
that	O
that	O
did	O
n't	O
happen	O
to	O
me	O
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
have	O
hallucinations	O
too	O
/?	O


Not	O
hallucinations	O
as	O
you	O
would	O
call	O
them	O
but	O
cyclical	O
thoughts	O
that	O
repeated	O
terrible	O
sleep	O
disturbances	O
/.	O


Months	B-DATE
would	O
go	O
by	O
where	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
get	O
a	O
decent	O
night	B-TIME
's	O
sleep	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
would	O
literally	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
sleep	O
/.	O


I	O
had	O
anxiety	O
attacks	O
/.	O


How	O
did	O
your	O
husbands	O
deal	O
with	O
this	O
/?	O


Well	O
um	O
I	O
was	O
a	O
challenge	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
Jim	B-PERSON
said	O
to	O
me	O
once	O
I	O
like	O
who	O
I	O
leave	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
always	O
know	O
who	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
come	O
home	O
to	O
at	O
night	O
because	O
depending	O
on	O
what	O
had	O
happened	O
during	O
the	O
day	O
if	O
something	O
had	O
distressed	O
me	O
,	O
a	O
small	O
thing	O
had	O
become	O
a	O
huge	O
thing	O
and	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
let	O
it	O
go	O
and	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
forgive	O
and	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
myself	O
and	O
I	O
just	O
could	O
n't	O
let	O
go	O
/.	O


He	O
directed	O
you	O
,	O
did	O
he	O
not	O
/?	O


Yes	O
he	O
did	O
/.	O


Was	O
that	O
hard	O
or	O
easy	O
/?	O


Well	O
he	O
directed	O
me	O
long	O
before	O
we	O
fell	O
in	O
love	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
relationship	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
actually	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
before	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
1984	B-DATE
when	O
we	O
first	B-ORDINAL
met	O
and	O
did	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Terminator	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


So	O
I	O
had	O
known	O
him	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
fifteen	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
before	O
we	O
got	O
married	O
/.	O


Could	O
you	O
work	O
while	O
depressed	O
like	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
/?	O


Yes	O
I	O
could	O
work	O
/.	O


Yes	O
I	O
think	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
element	O
of	O
real	O
survivor	O
in	O
me	O
that	O
was	O
very	O
highly	O
functioning	O
during	O
most	O
of	O
this	O
/.	O


And	O
even	O
with	O
the	O
alcohol	O
abuse	O
I	O
think	O
most	O
people	O
in	O
my	O
life	O
did	O
not	O
notice	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
putting	O
away	O
enormous	O
amounts	O
of	O
alcohol	O
/.	O


Did	O
n't	O
notice	O
it	O
/?	O


Did	O
n't	O
notice	O
it	O
/.	O


Um	O
it	O
's	O
amazing	O
how	O
tricky	O
we	O
can	O
be	O
/.	O


um	O
or	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
must	O
think	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
getting	O
away	O
with	O
something	O
/.	O


but	O
everyone	O
really	O
does	O
notice	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
/.	O


there	O
was	O
no	O
one	O
in	O
my	O
life	O
at	O
that	O
point	O
saying	O
hey	O
you	O
need	O
help	O
/.	O


Suicidal	O
thoughts	O
/?	O


Um	O
more	O
about	O
not	O
wanting	O
to	O
be	O
alive	O
,	O
not	O
knowing	O
how	O
to	O
thrive	O
,	O
not	O
knowing	O
what	O
hope	O
was	O
/.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
very	O
bleak	O
existence	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
never	O
would	O
have	O
taken	O
the	O
action	O
to	O
kill	O
myself	O
um	O
just	O
cause	O
I	O
'm	O
a	O
real	O
nice	O
girl	O
and	O
a	O
pleaser	O
and	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
have	O
done	O
that	O
to	O
my	O
family	O
/.	O


Someone	O
said	O
once	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
really	O
depressed	O
good	O
news	O
and	O
bad	O
news	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
news	O
/.	O


You	O
could	O
inherit	O
five	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
or	O
lose	O
five	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
/.	O


it	O
do	O
n't	O
change	O
how	O
you	O
feel	O
/.	O


True	O
/?	O


True	O
true	O
/.	O


And	O
no	O
amount	O
of	O
counseling	O
and	O
therapy	O
and	O
taking	O
my	O
past	O
apart	O
helped	O
/.	O


I	O
would	O
understand	O
that	O
I	O
had	O
lost	O
my	O
father	O
,	O
therefore	O
I	O
was	O
creating	O
one	O
relationship	O
after	O
another	O
of	O
abandonment	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
going	O
into	O
it	O
and	O
still	O
ca	O
n't	O
control	O
the	O
behavior	O
/.	O


It	O
was	O
very	O
frustrating	O
/.	O


At	O
a	O
certain	O
point	O
I	O
was	O
just	O
completely	O
handicapped	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
/.	O


I	O
said	O
give	O
me	O
a	O
behaviorist	O
then	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
change	O
these	O
behaviors	O
/.	O


The	O
rage	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
what	O
happened	O
when	O
you	O
had	O
a	O
rage	O
/?	O


I	O
would	O
throw	O
Jim	B-PERSON
's	O
stuff	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
house	O
/.	O


so	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
waiting	O
for	O
him	O
when	O
he	O
came	O
home	O
at	O
night	B-TIME
/.	O


This	O
could	O
be	O
over	O
a	O
small	O
thing	O
/?	O


Yes	O
/.	O


um	O
and	O
I	O
just	O
would	O
n't	O
give	O
in	O
/.	O


If	O
he	O
would	O
n't	O
apologize	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
go	O
to	O
any	O
other	O
place	O
except	O
I	O
wish	O
this	O
had	O
n't	O
happened	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
no	O
way	O
to	O
live	O
a	O
life	O
/.	O


What	O
was	O
your	O
love	O
life	O
like	O
/?	O


Well	O
my	O
two	B-CARDINAL
husbands	O
were	O
the	O
sum	O
of	O
my	O
love	O
life	O
/.	O


um	O
and	O
both	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
incredibly	O
loving	O
/.	O


My	O
first	B-ORDINAL
husband	O
I	O
think	O
was	O
just	O
especially	O
unprepared	O
for	O
someone	O
who	O
had	O
such	O
extreme	O
mood	O
swings	O
you	O
know	O
so	O
much	O
joy	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
that	O
was	O
so	O
much	O
sadness	O
/.	O


And	O
does	O
it	O
go	O
away	O
in	O
a	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME
/?	O


It	O
must	O
be	O
exhausting	O
for	O
anybody	O
around	O
to	O
not	O
know	O
who	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
next	O
/.	O


In	O
a	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME
we	O
'll	O
ask	O
Linda	B-PERSON
what	O
happened	O
to	O
bring	O
it	O
to	O
a	O
head	O
,	O
how	O
she	O
turned	O
a	O
corner	O
/.	O


Linda	B-PERSON
Hamilton	I-PERSON
/.	I-PERSON


Want	O
more	O
information	O
/.	O


you	O
can	O
go	O
to	O
www	O
dot	O
complete	O
wellness	O
approach	O
dot	O
com	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
ask	O
how	O
that	O
works	O
too	O
/.	O


Do	O
n't	O
go	O
away	O
/.	O


Have	O
a	O
twin	O
sister	O
/?	O


I	O
do	O
have	O
a	O
twin	O
sister	O
/.	O


Is	O
she	O
bipolar	O
/?	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
talk	O
about	O
that	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
her	O
mental	O
illness	O
or	O
not	O
/.	O


Is	O
she	O
still	O
acting	O
/?	O


She	O
's	O
not	O
an	O
actor	O
/.	O


she	O
's	O
a	O
nurse	O
/.	O


Oh	O
really	O
/.	O


She	O
doubled	O
me	O
in	O
a	B-TIME
couple	I-TIME
moments	I-TIME
there	O
/.	O


Yes	O
she	O
did	O
me	O
a	O
favor	O
/.	O


Got	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
what	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
/.	O


Are	O
you	O
close	O
/?	O


She	O
's	O
a	O
dear	O
heart	O
/.	O


Yes	O
we	O
are	O
very	O
/.	O


What	O
was	O
the	O
turning	O
point	O
of	O
you	O
/?	O


Did	O
you	O
get	O
so	O
low	O
that	O
/-	O


What	O
happened	O
that	O
you	O
got	O
wellness	O
/?	O


I	O
lost	O
two	B-CARDINAL
marriages	O
/.	O


um	O
and	O
I	O
had	O
been	O
misdiagnosed	O
or	O
sort	O
of	O
half	B-CARDINAL
diagnosed	O
with	O
depression	O
years	B-DATE
before	I-DATE
/.	O


Um	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
know	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
real	O
antidepressant	O
in	O
those	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
/.	O


Nobody	O
mentioned	O
that	O
as	O
a	O
possible	O
for	O
me	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
finally	O
did	O
go	O
on	O
medication	O
for	O
the	O
depression	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
of	O
course	O
like	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
an	O
interesting	O
phenomena	O
that	O
people	O
that	O
have	O
mental	O
illness	O
will	O
not	O
stay	O
on	O
their	O
medication	O
/.	O


They	O
start	O
to	O
feel	O
a	O
little	O
relief	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
they	O
/-	O


we	O
're	O
not	O
programmed	O
to	O
take	O
pills	O
if	O
we	O
start	O
to	O
feel	O
good	O
/.	O


We	O
feel	O
good	O
/.	O


and	O
all	O
the	O
sudden	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
feel	O
that	O
we	O
need	O
the	O
medication	O
anymore	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
happens	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
times	O
out	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
with	O
people	O
on	O
medicine	O
/.	O


I	O
first	O
took	O
myself	O
off	O
thinking	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
through	O
the	O
critical	O
period	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
went	O
through	O
a	O
total	O
tale	O
spin	O
chemically	O
and	O
really	O
just	O
could	O
not	O
get	O
up	O
off	O
the	O
couch	O
/.	O


I	O
had	O
two	B-CARDINAL
young	O
children	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
get	O
up	O
at	O
night	B-TIME
to	O
put	O
them	O
to	O
bed	O
/.	O


So	O
who	O
did	O
you	O
turn	O
to	O
/?	O


um	O
my	O
family	O
doctor	O
was	O
a	O
tremendous	O
help	O
/.	O


He	O
had	O
given	O
me	O
some	O
medicine	O
to	O
have	O
in	O
my	O
drawer	O
if	O
I	O
ever	O
decided	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
go	O
that	O
route	O
/.	O


I	O
decided	O
not	O
to	O
go	O
that	O
route	O
but	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
exercise	O
and	O
nutrition	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
largely	O
successful	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
/.	O


but	O
it	O
was	O
six	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
exercise	O
a	O
day	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
was	O
so	O
much	O
/.	O


Compulsive	O
/.	O


Yes	O
another	O
compulsion	O
because	O
those	O
endorphins	O
made	O
me	O
feel	O
better	O
/.	O


Well	O
let	O
me	O
see	O
what	O
I	O
can	O
do	O
/.	O


I	O
was	O
so	O
resistant	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
like	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
us	O
afraid	O
that	O
the	O
best	O
part	O
of	O
me	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
dimmed	O
and	O
dulled	O
and	O
suddenly	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
act	O
anymore	O
/.	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
when	O
you	O
really	O
are	O
a	O
candidate	O
for	O
the	O
medicine	O
and	O
need	O
it	O
there	O
are	O
n't	O
any	O
real	O
side	O
effects	O
/.	O


You	O
need	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
um	O
/-	O


So	O
what	O
made	O
you	O
go	O
back	O
on	O
regular	O
/?	O


Well	O
when	O
I	O
realized	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
costing	O
me	O
too	O
much	O
to	O
just	O
keep	O
myself	O
in	O
a	O
normal	O
place	O
every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
/.	O


What	O
other	O
people	O
call	O
normal	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
climb	O
there	O
every	B-DATE
single	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
/.	O


Any	O
difference	O
between	O
depression	O
and	O
bipolar	O
/?	O


Is	O
there	O
any	O
depression	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
are	O
they	O
the	O
same	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
any	O
different	O
/?	O


No	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
the	O
same	O
at	O
all	O
/.	O


Uh	O
bipolar	O
disorder	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
mood	O
swings	O
severe	O
mood	O
swings	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
can	O
um	O
go	O
through	O
cycles	O
where	O
you	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
manic	O
stage	O
then	O
in	O
the	O
depressed	O
stage	O
for	O
months	B-DATE
on	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
/.	O


is	O
depression	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
high	O
,	O
right	O
/?	O


Could	O
be	O
manic	O
/.	O


but	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
manic	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
're	O
almost	O
hearing	O
voices	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
incredible	O
/.	O


And	O
um	O
it	O
's	O
often	O
misdiagnosed	O
because	O
nobody	O
goes	O
to	O
their	O
doctor	O
and	O
says	O
hey	O
I	O
feel	O
incredible	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
solve	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
problems	O
/.	O


Give	O
me	O
five	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
and	O
a	O
team	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
're	O
th-	O
you	O
know	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
drugs	O
have	O
been	O
amazing	O
like	O
lithium	O
and	O
others	O
have	O
been	O
amazing	O
/.	O


Balance	O
/.	O


Alright	O
what	O
's	O
the	B-ORG
Complete	I-ORG
Wellness	I-ORG
Approach	I-ORG
/?	O


It	O
's	O
an	O
incredible	O
feeling	O
/.	O


but	O
nobody	O
goes	O
complaining	O
to	O
their	O
doctor	O
about	O
that	O
/.	O


True	O
/.	O


to	O
just	O
create	O
that	O
equalizer	O
and	O
balance	O
is	O
something	O
I	O
never	O
knew	O
about	O
/.	O
/.	O


The	B-ORG
Complete	I-ORG
Wellness	I-ORG
Approach	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
campaign	O
that	O
was	O
started	O
by	O
Eli	B-ORG
Lily	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
company	I-ORG
um	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Medicine	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Dentistry	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
/.	O


Ah	O
a	O
team	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
professionals	O
led	O
by	O
a	O
wonderful	O
woman	O
named	O
Betty	B-PERSON
Breeland	I-PERSON
has	O
developed	O
a	O
treatment	O
/.	O


Um	O
going	O
around	O
teaching	O
teams	O
to	O
treat	O
people	O
with	O
mental	O
illnesses	O
with	O
the	O
whole	O
body	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
gap	O
that	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
bridged	O
/.	O


People	O
are	O
treated	O
from	O
here	O
up	O
or	O
here	O
down	O
/.	O


and	O
so	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
being	O
looked	O
at	O
for	O
their	O
overall	O
health	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
are	O
dying	O
prematurely	O
/.	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
just	O
a	O
real	O
basic	O
common	O
sense	O
approach	O
/.	O


More	O
water	O
more	O
exercise	O
free	O
tips	O
and	O
resources	O
to	O
help	O
people	O
with	O
mental	O
illnesses	O
um	O
uh	O
choose	O
healthier	O
lifestyles	O
dealing	O
with	O
nutrition	O
um	O
so	O
that	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
side	O
effects	O
from	O
a	O
drug	O
that	O
is	O
working	O
for	O
them	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
weight	O
gain	O
/.	O


you	O
know	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
devastating	O
for	O
someone	O
with	O
um	O
depression	O
or	O
a	O
mental	O
illness	O
/.	O


But	O
this	O
is	O
just	O
a	O
campaign	O
to	O
sort	O
of	O
help	O
doctors	O
caregivers	O
um	O
treat	O
the	O
whole	O
person	O
not	O
just	O
the	O
mental	O
illness	O
/.	O


Why	O
do	O
they	O
live	O
less	O
/?	O


Well	O
um	O
I	O
would	O
venture	O
a	O
guess	O
that	O
is	O
um	O
lack	O
of	O
energy	O
to	O
--	O
you	O
know	O
/.	O


they	O
're	O
so	O
busy	O
dealing	O
with	O
their	O
heads	O
/.	O


I	O
like	O
to	O
say	O
about	O
myself	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
my	O
life	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
all	O
about	O
me	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
still	O
loud	O
and	O
crowded	O
/.	O


There	O
was	O
no	O
time	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
my	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
was	O
and	O
what	O
else	O
I	O
might	O
be	O
doing	O
for	O
myself	O
because	O
it	O
just	O
took	O
everything	O
to	O
get	O
through	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
/.	O


For	O
want	O
of	O
a	O
better	O
word	O
do	O
you	O
feel	O
cured	O
/?	O


I	O
feel	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
managing	O
my	O
mental	O
illness	O
/.	O


Still	O
have	O
it	O
/?	O


Yes	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
remember	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
there	O
um	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
certain	O
things	O
that	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


I	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
um	O
stress	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
magic	O
pill	O
for	O
everyone	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
why	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
sell	O
medication	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
no	O
such	O
thing	O
as	O
a	O
pill	O
that	O
works	O
the	O
same	O
for	O
everyone	O
/.	O


The	O
pills	O
have	O
been	O
an	O
amazing	O
story	O
though	O
/.	O


Um	O
for	O
me	O
yes	O
/.	O


But	O
for	O
me	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
twenty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
hard	O
work	O
and	O
looking	O
um	O
exercise	O
/-	O


for	O
me	O
it	O
is	O
just	O
necessary	O
to	O
exercise	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
got	O
this	O
huge	O
busy	O
brain	O
/.	O


I	O
need	O
to	O
go	O
and	O
sweat	O
for	O
an	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
and	O
do	O
my	O
weights	O
for	O
a	B-TIME
half	I-TIME
an	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
or	O
an	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
/.	O


Not	O
every	O
day	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
no	O
longer	O
the	O
compulsion	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
just	O
know	O
that	O
that	O
helps	O
me	O
feel	O
better	O
/.	O


More	O
water	O
just	O
water	O
for	O
sodas	O
just	O
simple	O
approach	O
/.	O


But	O
we	O
can	O
get	O
people	O
living	O
longer	O
healthier	O
lives	O
yeah	O
/.	O


And	O
when	O
you	O
contact	O
the	O
website	O
you	O
get	O
more	O
information	O
/?	O


Um	O
tools	O
and	O
tips	O
about	O
how	O
to	O
bring	O
some	O
better	O
health	O
into	O
your	O
life	O
questionnaires	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
pull	O
down	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
take	O
to	O
your	O
doctor	O
about	O
your	O
general	O
health	O
/.	O


And	O
so	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
about	O
being	O
your	O
own	O
advocate	O
and	O
um	O
you	O
know	O
trying	O
to	O
collaborate	O
in	O
your	O
whole	O
body	O
health	O
/.	O


You	O
said	O
how	O
your	O
general	O
practitioner	O
helped	O
you	O
/.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
not	O
knowledgeable	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
,	O
are	O
they	O
/?	O


True	O
/.	O


Are	O
you	O
dating	O
/?	O


Which	O
is	O
why	O
you	O
know	O
if	O
this	O
information	O
is	O
out	O
there	O
/-	O


it	O
's	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
information	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
just	O
get	O
as	O
informed	O
as	O
we	O
can	O
about	O
what	O
other	O
things	O
might	O
help	O
us	O
live	O
healthy	O
lives	O
/.	O


Nope	O
/.	O


You	O
sound	O
happy	O
about	O
that	O
/.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
a	O
relationship	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
'm	O
over	O
the	O
urge	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
got	O
so	O
much	O
relationship	O
with	O
my	O
children	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
parade	O
men	O
through	O
their	O
lives	O
/.	O


I	O
have	O
two	B-CARDINAL
very	O
whole	O
relationships	O
with	O
my	O
ex-husbands	O
/.	O


You	O
still	O
see	O
them	O
/?	O


all	O
the	O
time	O
/.	O


We	O
are	O
a	O
tribe	O
you	O
know	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
found	O
our	O
way	O
/-	O


Are	O
they	O
friendly	O
your	O
two	B-CARDINAL
ex-husbands	O
/?	O


to	O
work	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
/-	O


Completely	O
/.	O


So	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
great	O
/.	O


If	O
I	O
'm	O
out	O
of	O
town	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
crisis	O
husband	O
number	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
calls	O
husband	O
number	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


and	O
I	O
feel	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
tremendous	O
victory	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
all	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
together	O
and	O
be	O
healthy	O
/.	O


How	O
about	O
acting	O
/?	O


There	O
is	O
that	O
coming	O
up	O
I	O
hope	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
um	O
just	O
getting	O
ready	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
character	O
arc	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
show	O
for	O
FX	B-ORG
called	O
Beef	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


You	O
were	O
Beauty	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Beast	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


And	O
/-	O


I	O
was	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
take	O
a	O
break	O
and	O
come	O
back	O
go	O
to	O
your	O
phone	O
calls	O
/.	O


I	O
was	O
/.	O


For	O
Linda	B-PERSON
Hamilton	I-PERSON
that	O
website	O
is	O
www	O
dot	O
complete	O
wellness	O
approach	O
dot	O
com	O
/.	O


Do	O
n't	O
go	O
away	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
with	O
Ron	B-PERSON
Pearlman	I-PERSON
and	O
Beauty	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Beast	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Good	O
show	O
/.	O


Why	O
'd	O
you	O
leave	O
that	O
/?	O


Oh	O
/.	O


Pregnant	O
with	O
my	O
son	O
/.	O


Ah	O
just	O
joined	O
us	O
it	O
's	O
Linda	B-PERSON
Hamilton	I-PERSON
/.	O


Going	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
your	O
calls	O
/.	O


She	O
is	O
a	O
paid	O
advocate	O
for	O
Complete	B-ORG
Wellness	I-ORG
a	O
whole	O
person	O
treatment	O
approach	O
that	O
considers	O
both	O
the	O
emotional	O
and	O
physical	O
health	O
of	O
persons	O
living	O
with	O
severe	O
and	O
persistent	O
mental	O
illness	O
/.	O


The	B-ORG
Complete	I-ORG
Wellness	I-ORG
Approach	I-ORG
is	O
sponsored	O
by	O
Eli	B-ORG
Lilly	I-ORG
in	O
partnership	O
with	O
The	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Medicine	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Dentistry	I-ORG
of	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
/.	O


The	O
website	O
for	O
complete	O
information	O
is	O
www	O
dot	O
complete	O
wellness	O
approach	O
that	O
's	O
one	O
word	O
dot	O
com	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
go	O
to	O
calls	O
for	O
Linda	B-PERSON
/.	O


Scottsdale	B-GPE
Arizona	B-GPE
hello	O
/.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
Linda	B-PERSON
you	O
look	O
phenomenal	O
/.	O


Hey	O
thank	O
you	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
get	O
Ms.	O
Hamilton	B-PERSON
's	O
take	O
on	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Cruise	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
statement	O
of	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
medications	O
towards	O
uh	O
any	O
mental	O
or	O
physical	O
illness	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
Larry	B-PERSON
/.	O


K	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
arrogant	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
something	O
is	O
bad	O
for	O
everyone	O
/.	O


Um	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
very	O
irresponsible	O
to	O
deprive	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
hopefulness	O
of	O
a	O
treatment	O
um	O
any	O
more	O
than	O
I	O
could	O
say	O
that	O
my	O
medication	O
works	O
well	O
for	O
everyone	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
individualized	O
thing	O
mental	O
health	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
words	O
that	O
should	O
be	O
banned	O
from	O
this	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
are	O
you	O
should	O
do	O
this	O
or	O
you	O
should	O
never	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
remain	O
flexible	O
and	O
allow	O
you	O
know	O
people	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
their	O
own	O
mental	O
conditions	O
with	O
their	O
doctors	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
none	O
of	O
our	O
business	O
/.	O


Right	O
true	O
true	O
/.	O


Well	O
I	O
am	O
very	O
careful	O
with	O
um	O
you	O
know	O
toe	O
the	O
line	O
/-	O


I	O
tend	O
to	O
go	O
the	O
other	O
way	O
and	O
say	O
that	O
whatever	O
you	O
can	O
find	O
that	O
works	O
for	O
you	O
you	O
should	O
embrace	O
and	O
hold	O
on	O
to	O
and	O
just	O
make	O
it	O
work	O
/.	O


Boulder	B-GPE
Colorado	B-GPE
hello	O
/.	O


Hello	O
hi	O
first	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
say	O
I	O
really	O
respect	O
your	O
coming	O
forward	O
to	O
help	O
others	O
about	O
this	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
wonderful	O
admirable	O
thing	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
wondering	O
what	O
advice	O
you	O
have	O
for	O
spouses	O
of	O
someone	O
with	O
a	O
mental	O
illness	O
particularly	O
someone	O
who	O
is	O
n't	O
currently	O
diagnosed	O
,	O
how	O
to	O
avoid	O
misdiagnosis	O
,	O
just	O
what	O
can	O
I	O
do	O
to	O
help	O
my	O
husband	O
and	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
go	O
through	O
what	O
you	O
went	O
through	O
and	O
uh	O
any	O
advice	O
/.	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
must	O
be	O
a	O
very	O
scary	O
situation	O
to	O
be	O
with	O
someone	O
you	O
know	O
needs	O
help	O
/.	O


I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
helped	O
me	O
most	O
were	O
the	O
friends	O
that	O
looked	O
at	O
me	O
and	O
said	O
we	O
love	O
you	O
and	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
help	O
who	O
you	O
are	O
being	O
right	O
now	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
acting	O
,	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
control	O
your	O
behavior	O
/.	O


But	O
they	O
um	O
you	O
know	O
embraced	O
me	O
and	O
let	O
me	O
know	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
beside	O
me	O
and	O
behind	O
me	O
and	O
that	O
possibly	O
I	O
should	O
just	O
look	O
a	O
little	O
further	O
for	O
some	O
answers	O
instead	O
of	O
jumping	O
all	O
over	O
me	O
and	O
condemning	O
me	O
for	O
my	O
bad	O
behavior	O
/.	O


Um	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
did	O
have	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
loving	O
and	O
supportive	O
friends	O
who	O
said	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
through	O
this	O
and	O
you	O
need	O
some	O
help	O
and	O
let	O
's	O
keep	O
looking	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
hard	O
though	O
to	O
be	O
close	O
to	O
someone	O
who	O
is	O
screaming	O
at	O
you	O
/.	O


Absolutely	O
/.	O


or	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
talking	O
or	O
who	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
depressed	O
state	O
and	O
locking	O
the	O
door	O
to	O
the	O
bathroom	O
and	O
staying	O
in	O
there	O
for	O
fourteen	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
/.	O


Ah	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
when	O
I	O
married	O
my	O
first	B-ORDINAL
husband	O
Bruce	B-PERSON
I	O
went	O
into	O
hiding	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


I	O
just	O
started	O
reading	O
books	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
the	O
man	O
married	O
me	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
went	O
into	O
hiding	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


I	O
still	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
that	O
was	O
about	O
/.	O


but	O
imagine	O
being	O
a	O
newlywed	O
and	O
having	O
a	O
wife	O
that	O
just	O
disappears	O
in	O
the	O
bedroom	O
reading	O
science	O
fiction	O
fantasy	O
novels	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


You	O
know	O
um	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
really	O
explain	O
what	O
a	O
depression	O
is	O
or	O
where	O
it	O
comes	O
from	O
to	O
someone	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
understand	O
/.	O


but	O
if	O
you	O
could	O
offer	O
him	O
um	O
the	O
freedom	O
and	O
the	O
kindness	O
to	O
go	O
and	O
talk	O
to	O
somebody	O
and	O
seek	O
the	O
help	O
and	O
keep	O
seeking	O
the	O
help	O
that	O
will	O
help	O
him	O
a	O
lot	O
/.	O


Redwing	B-GPE
Minnesota	B-GPE
hello	O
/.	O


Hi	O
ah	O
hi	O
Larry	B-PERSON
hi	O
Linda	B-PERSON
/.	O


Hi	O
/.	O


Hi	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
just	O
wanted	O
to	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
such	O
an	O
encouragement	O
/.	O


I	O
am	O
currently	O
trying	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
the	O
mood	O
swings	O
and	O
the	O
anger	O
and	O
the	O
shoving	O
people	O
away	O
/.	O


But	O
you	O
are	O
such	O
an	O
encouragement	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
am	O
so	O
very	O
glad	O
you	O
are	O
out	O
there	O
in	O
our	O
face	O
so	O
to	O
speak	O
and	O
letting	O
us	O
know	O
that	O
people	O
will	O
support	O
us	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
such	O
a	O
fantastic	O
fantastic	O
husband	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
my	O
hero	O
/.	O


What	O
's	O
your	O
question	O
/?	O


Oh	O
I	O
'm	O
glad	O
for	O
you	O
/.	O


I	O
just	O
um	O
wanted	O
to	O
say	O
how	O
long	O
approximately	O
it	O
took	O
to	O
find	O
something	O
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
try	O
several	O
medications	O
/?	O


you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
little	O
scary	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
very	O
encouraged	O
by	O
you	O
/.	O


Well	O
yes	O
/.	O


Um	O
I	O
wish	O
you	O
the	O
best	O
/.	O


I	O
just	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
such	O
a	O
compassionate	O
heart	O
for	O
people	O
that	O
are	O
going	O
through	O
this	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
important	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
alone	O
,	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
us	O
and	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
all	O
sharing	O
the	O
burden	O
with	O
you	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


Um	O
I	O
was	O
lucky	O
in	O
that	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
medication	O
that	O
I	O
found	O
worked	O
for	O
me	O
/.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
huge	O
fear	O
of	O
mine	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
n't	O
work	O
and	O
that	O
I	O
'd	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
pin	O
cushion	O
and	O
try	O
this	O
one	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
I	O
talked	O
to	O
a	O
pharmacologist	O
and	O
he	O
tried	O
to	O
put	O
me	O
on	O
this	O
and	O
said	O
well	O
if	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
'll	O
take	O
this	O
off	O
and	O
then	O
we	O
'll	O
put	O
you	O
on	O
this	O
I	O
was	O
like	O
no	O
thank	O
you	O
and	O
left	O
you	O
know	O
because	O
I	O
was	O
so	O
afraid	O
that	O
that	O
would	O
happen	O
/.	O


But	O
you	O
'll	O
be	O
on	O
it	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
your	O
life	O
/?	O


But	O
um	O
I	O
'm	O
getting	O
better	O
every	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
'm	O
still	O
getting	O
better	O
/.	O


you	O
know	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
on	O
medication	O
now	O
for	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


and	O
every	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
is	O
just	O
richer	O
and	O
richer	O
because	O
I	O
'm	O
really	O
returning	O
to	O
who	O
I	O
was	O
meant	O
to	O
be	O
,	O
who	O
my	O
parents	O
raised	O
/.	O


Yes	O
/.	O


You	O
accept	O
that	O
/?	O


In	O
the	O
bipolar	O
phase	O
when	O
the	O
swing	O
is	O
high	O
you	O
must	O
feel	O
terrific	O
/.	O


I	O
accept	O
that	O
and	O
um	O
renounce	O
it	O
/.	O


Totally	O
terrific	O
/.	O


And	O
it	O
could	O
swing	O
low	O
in	O
an	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
/?	O


It	O
can	O
you	O
know	O
/.	O


um	O
I	O
used	O
to	O
say	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
like	O
walking	O
down	O
a	O
street	O
and	O
falling	O
into	O
a	O
manhole	O
cover	O
you	O
know	O
an	O
uncovered	O
manhole	O
and	O
then	O
you	O
know	O
just	O
like	O
disappearing	O
/.	O


All	O
of	O
the	O
sudden	O
I	O
would	O
disappear	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
find	O
my	O
way	O
back	O
up	O
/.	O


The	O
smallest	O
thing	O
/.	O


Back	O
with	O
more	O
calls	O
for	O
Linda	B-PERSON
Hamilton	I-PERSON
/.	O


Do	O
n't	O
go	O
away	O
/.	O


That	O
was	O
from	O
a	O
nineteen	B-DATE
eighty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
film	O
her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
film	O
acting	O
with	O
her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
husband	O
Bruce	B-PERSON
Abbot	I-PERSON
/.	O


Ha	O
ha	O
/.	O


That	O
was	O
titled	O
Tag	B-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Assassination	I-WORK_OF_ART
Game	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Ha	O
ha	O
/.	O


I	O
never	O
heard	O
of	O
this	O
movie	O
/.	O


neither	O
did	O
anybody	O
else	O
/.	O


What	O
was	O
it	O
whoever	O
tagged	O
who	O
first	B-ORDINAL
/?	O


Oh	O
ah	O
right	O
/.	O


Tag	O
you	O
're	O
It	O
/.	O


Yes	O
it	O
was	O
actually	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
college	O
game	O
that	O
was	O
really	O
um	O
wildly	O
famous	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
yeah	O
/.	O


How	O
old	O
were	O
you	O
there	O
/?	O


Dart	O
Gun	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
like	O
a	O
little	O
child	O
look	O
younger	O
/.	O


Kallabassas	B-GPE
California	B-GPE
hello	O
/.	O


How	O
old	O
was	O
I	O
/?	O


I	O
was	O
about	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
maybe	O
mhm	O
/.	O


Hi	O
um	O
I	O
thank	O
you	O
Larry	B-PERSON
so	O
much	O
um	O
for	O
having	O
Linda	B-PERSON
on	O
your	O
show	O
/.	O


Um	O
I	O
'm	O
a	O
therapist	O
in	O
Kallabassas	B-GPE
specializing	O
in	O
mood	O
disorders	O
/.	O


and	O
Linda	B-PERSON
I	O
just	O
want	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
um	O
there	O
is	O
nothing	O
better	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
do	O
for	O
individuals	O
that	O
are	O
struggling	O
um	O
with	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
/.	O


There	O
is	O
um	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
shame	O
/.	O


and	O
when	O
individuals	O
like	O
you	O
take	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
doing	O
um	O
being	O
so	O
authentic	O
and	O
open	O
it	O
just	O
destigmatizes	O
it	O
/.	O


Not	O
only	O
that	O
but	O
the	O
information	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
giving	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
learning	O
from	O
listening	O
to	O
you	O
/.	O


Um	O
I	O
'm	O
uh	O
incredibly	O
touched	O
by	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
say	O
/.	O


and	O
um	O
you	O
were	O
talking	O
about	O
your	O
children	O
and	O
how	O
it	O
is	O
at	O
home	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
just	O
wondered	O
if	O
you	O
had	O
any	O
more	O
suggestions	O
for	O
parents	O
who	O
may	O
have	O
children	O
that	O
/-	O


you	O
know	O
sometimes	O
they	O
're	O
misdiagnosed	O
with	O
ADD	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
off	O
the	O
topic	O
/.	O


but	O
just	O
anything	O
that	O
you	O
could	O
say	O
to	O
parents	O
that	O
might	O
be	O
struggling	O
with	O
children	O
going	O
through	O
this	O
process	O
/.	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
best	O
uh	O
that	O
anybody	O
can	O
do	O
and	O
I	O
sort	O
of	O
offer	O
this	O
to	O
anyone	O
is	O
to	O
just	O
start	O
the	O
dialog	O
with	O
your	O
children	O
um	O
talk	O
to	O
them	O
about	O
their	O
moods	O
and	O
how	O
they	O
really	O
feel	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
watch	O
the	O
behaviors	O
too	O
and	O
see	O
if	O
they	O
you	O
know	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
keeping	O
something	O
back	O
/.	O


But	O
just	O
start	O
the	O
dialog	O
/.	O


I	O
guess	O
because	O
I	O
grew	O
up	O
depressed	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
remind	O
my	O
children	O
every	O
day	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
absolutely	O
nothing	O
that	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
talked	O
about	O
and	O
solved	O
with	O
the	O
right	O
team	O
of	O
people	O
but	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
speak	O
because	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
secret	O
keeping	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
that	O
shame	O
compounds	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
then	O
you	O
have	O
such	O
a	O
huge	O
amount	O
to	O
get	O
through	O
with	O
someone	O
/.	O


So	O
we	O
just	O
encourage	O
open	O
dialog	O
in	O
our	O
family	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
um	O
attack	O
everything	O
together	O
and	O
they	O
feel	O
supported	O
no	O
matter	O
what	O
comes	O
up	O
/.	O


since	O
the	O
gene	O
is	O
there	O
do	O
you	O
watch	O
your	O
children	O
/.	O


and	O
do	O
you	O
get	O
a	O
little	O
worried	O
at	O
the	O
first	O
thing	O
that	O
looks	O
wrong	O
/?	O


That	O
's	O
normal	O
/.	O


Uh	O
yes	O
I	O
do	O
/.	O


yes	O
I	O
do	O
/.	O


It	O
is	O
normal	O
/.	O


Tacoma	B-GPE
Washington	B-GPE
hello	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
you	O
're	O
on	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
you	O
're	O
on	O
/.	O


Yes	O
Linda	B-PERSON
um	O
um	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
I	O
'm	O
on	O
or	O
not	O
/.	O


OK	O
/.	O


Uh	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
thank	O
you	O
for	O
stressing	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
when	O
you	O
feel	O
good	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
take	O
your	O
medications	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
I	O
found	O
that	O
to	O
be	O
true	O
/.	O


I	O
had	O
training	O
in	O
mental	O
health	O
and	O
also	O
worked	O
in	O
drugs	O
and	O
alcohol	O
in	O
a	O
women	O
's	O
prison	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
so	O
many	O
women	O
in	O
prison	O
who	O
have	O
that	O
same	O
problem	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
bipolar	O
and	O
were	O
self	O
medicating	O
and	O
they	O
're	O
in	O
prison	O
for	O
a	O
great	O
amount	O
of	O
time	O
and	O
when	O
they	O
are	O
released	O
then	O
they	O
go	O
off	O
the	O
medication	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
on	O
it	O
/.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
so	O
important	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
bring	O
up	O
these	O
subjects	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
is	O
so	O
sad	O
to	O
see	O
so	O
many	O
women	O
/.	O


My	O
question	O
is	O
is	O
there	O
any	O
work	O
being	O
done	O
to	O
help	O
those	O
women	O
who	O
are	O
in	O
prison	O
/?	O


Um	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
qualified	O
to	O
answer	O
that	O
/.	O


I	O
would	O
hope	O
so	O
/.	O


Um	O
I	O
'll	O
look	O
into	O
it	O
/.	O


I	O
know	O
you	O
will	O
/.	O


Ha	O
ha	O
uh	O
ha	O
/.	O


You	O
use	O
/-	O


But	O
um	O
you	O
know	O
there	O
is	O
just	O
a	O
huge	O
general	O
population	O
out	O
there	O
that	O
needs	O
help	O
/.	O


And	O
although	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
encouraging	O
people	O
to	O
take	O
medicine	O
,	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
on	O
a	O
medicine	O
that	O
works	O
for	O
them	O
rule	O
number	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
is	O
to	O
stay	O
on	O
that	O
medicine	O
/.	O


You	O
used	O
alcohol	O
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
ever	O
use	O
other	O
drugs	O
/?	O


Um	O
yes	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
/.	O


Um	O
I	O
mean	O
what	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
through	O
/-	O


but	O
yes	O
I	O
was	O
a	O
cocaine	O
addict	O
/.	O


You	O
've	O
beat	O
everything	O
/.	O


you	O
've	O
/-	O


you	O
know	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
sound	O
like	O
I	O
'm	O
bragging	O
/.	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
/.	O


Sorry	O
mom	O
and	O
dad	O
too	O
/.	O


You	O
beat	O
everything	O
/.	O


Ever	O
tempted	O
/?	O


are	O
you	O
ever	O
tempted	O
/?	O


Uh	O
but	O
/-	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
've	O
done	O
them	O
all	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
I	O
managed	O
to	O
get	O
through	O
my	O
life	O
/.	O


I	O
am	O
so	O
lucky	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
powers	O
that	O
be	O
were	O
looking	O
after	O
me	O
/.	O


No	O
no	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
wonderful	O
gift	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
no	O
longer	O
tempted	O
/.	O


Again	O
that	O
's	O
www	O
dot	O
complete	O
wellness	O
approach	O
dot	O
com	O
/.	O


Robert	B-PERSON
Downey	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
Colin	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
and	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
Stone	I-PERSON
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


Take	O
another	O
call	O
/.	O


Kroten	B-GPE
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
hello	O
/.	O


Uh	O
hello	O
/.	O


Hi	O
/.	O


Um	O
ha	O
ha	O
I	O
'm	O
doing	O
deep	O
breathing	O
here	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
having	O
like	O
a	O
panic	O
attack	O
waiting	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
television	O
/.	O


Uh	O
um	O
uh	O
I	O
'm	O
sixty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
/.	O


and	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
going	O
through	O
this	O
since	O
I	O
was	O
sixteen	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
/.	O


and	O
my	O
life	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
complete	O
nightmare	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
in	O
my	O
family	O
big	O
time	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
seem	O
to	O
believe	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
control	O
this	O
yourself	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
nobody	O
has	O
seen	O
doctors	O
or	O
been	O
medicated	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
're	O
on	O
my	O
case	O
because	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
myself	O
together	O
/.	O


Aw	O
/.	O


And	O
um	O
I	O
've	O
lost	O
you	O
know	O
my	O
whole	O
life	O
because	O
of	O
this	O
and	O
being	O
in	O
debt	O
from	O
depression	O
and	O
manic	O
spending	O
and	O
you	O
know	O
never	O
had	O
insurance	O
ca	O
n't	O
afford	O
the	O
medication	O
/.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
afford	O
the	O
doctors	O
ca	O
n't	O
afford	O
the	O
medicine	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
went	O
bankrupt	O
/.	O


I	O
got	O
foreclosed	O
upon	O
/.	O


I	O
lived	O
in	O
my	O
car	O
/.	O


I	O
lived	O
in	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
run	O
down	O
motels	O
with	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
people	O
from	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Jerry	I-WORK_OF_ART
Springer	I-WORK_OF_ART
Show	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


and	O
um	O
I	O
was	O
wondering	O
does	O
Eli	B-ORG
Lilly	I-ORG
sponsor	O
any	O
clinical	O
trials	O
or	O
anything	O
because	O
um	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


Most	O
pharmaceutical	O
companies	O
do	O
if	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
afford	O
it	O
help	O
you	O
/.	O


I	O
know	O
they	O
do	O
/.	O


yes	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
Eli	B-ORG
Lilly	I-ORG
does	O
that	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
very	O
sorry	O
to	O
hear	O
that	O
your	O
family	O
/-	O


I	O
mean	O
that	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
I	O
hear	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
Oh	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
in	O
depression	O
you	O
know	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
lives	O
are	O
lost	O
/.	O


A	B-DATE
whole	I-DATE
lifetime	I-DATE
is	O
lost	O
with	O
families	O
in	O
denial	O
/.	O


I	O
wonder	O
if	O
indigents	O
/-	O


what	O
do	O
they	O
do	O
/?	O


Why	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
call	O
Eli	B-ORG
Lilly	I-ORG
and	O
find	O
out	O
/.	O


And	O
ma'am	O
why	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
call	O
Eli	B-ORG
Lilly	I-ORG
either	O
yeah	O
/.	O


Um	O
but	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
you	O
help	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
know	O
exactly	O
/-	O


what	O
about	O
the	O
people	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
family	O
support	O
and	O
no	O
money	O
to	O
speak	O
of	O
and	O
/-	O


And	O
get	O
on	O
our	O
website	O
www	O
dot	O
complete	O
wellness	O
approach	O
dot	O
com	O
and	O
get	O
you	O
know	O
someone	O
to	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
you	O
/.	O


Really	O
sad	O
/.	O


New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
hello	O
/.	O


It	O
is	O
/.	O


Hello	O
/.	O


Hi	O
/.	O


Hi	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
OK	O
/.	O


Um	O
I	O
'm	O
thrown	O
off	O
by	O
the	O
delay	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
make	O
this	O
as	O
succinct	O
as	O
possible	O
/.	O


Linda	B-PERSON
I	O
'm	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
age	O
group	O
as	O
your	O
previous	O
caller	O
/.	O


and	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
I	O
've	O
gone	O
to	O
therapy	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
have	O
never	O
heard	O
anybody	O
verbalize	O
and	O
articulate	O
exactly	O
the	O
way	O
I	O
have	O
felt	O
since	O
I	O
was	O
a	O
child	O
different	O
like	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
belonged	O
different	O
from	O
everybody	O
else	O
in	O
school	O
and	O
everything	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
on	O
with	O
that	O
/.	O


Most	O
importantly	O
I	O
'm	O
very	O
interested	O
in	O
your	O
program	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
computer	O
/.	O


Is	O
there	O
a	O
telephone	O
number	O
um	O
through	O
which	O
we	O
can	O
reach	O
somebody	O
related	O
to	O
this	O
program	O
/?	O


Where	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
/?	O


Where	O
is	O
Eli	B-ORG
Lilly	I-ORG
/?	O


They	O
're	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
,	O
are	O
n't	O
they	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
we	O
may	O
know	O
before	O
we	O
go	O
off	O
the	O
air	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


Do	O
n't	O
go	O
away	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
sure	O
there	O
is	O
/.	O


Um	O
if	O
I	O
were	O
you	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
that	O
number	O
off	O
hand	O
um	O
you	O
can	O
call	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Medicine	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Dentistry	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
/.	O


Um	O
oh	O
they	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
know	O
where	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
then	O
/.	O


Is	O
Eli	B-ORG
Lilly	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
/?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
they	O
're	O
based	O
/.	O


But	O
uh	O
they	O
can	O
find	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Medicine	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Dentistry	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
town	O
/.	O


But	O
call	O
them	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
will	O
direct	O
you	O
to	O
the	O
proper	O
help	O
I	O
hope	O
/.	O


I	O
hope	O
so	O
/.	O


University	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Medicine	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Dentistry	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
is	O
in	O
Piscataway	B-GPE
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
piscataway	B-GPE
Piscataway	B-GPE
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
/.	O


and	O
the	B-ORG
Eli	I-ORG
Lilly	I-ORG
company	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
main	O
base	O
is	O
Indianapolis	B-GPE
Indiana	B-GPE
/.	O


Piscataway	B-GPE
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
for	O
the	O
University	B-ORG
/.	O


Eli	B-ORG
Lilly	I-ORG
in	O
Indianapolis	B-GPE
/.	O


And	O
the	O
caller	O
is	O
from	O
Sarasota	B-GPE
Florida	B-GPE
/.	O


Hello	O
/.	O


Hi	O
I	O
'm	O
bipolar	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
hospitalized	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
through	O
about	O
every	O
medication	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
/.	O


um	O
and	O
I	O
'm	O
on	O
medications	O
now	O
that	O
work	O
but	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
side	O
effects	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
just	O
curious	O
if	O
you	O
'd	O
had	O
that	O
same	O
problem	O
/.	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
side	O
effects	O
/?	O


Um	O
side	O
effects	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
specific	O
/?	O


Weight	O
gain	O
/?	O


mhm	O
mhm	O
/.	O


Um	O
well	O
weight	O
gain	O
which	O
I	O
've	O
taken	O
care	O
of	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
that	O
under	O
control	O
but	O
like	O
um	O
my	O
thyroid	O
/.	O


Um	O
my	O
hormones	O
have	O
gone	O
through	O
the	O
roof	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
thirty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
/.	O


and	O
they	O
tell	O
me	O
that	O
now	O
I	O
'm	O
menopausal	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
lithium	O
making	O
my	O
hormones	O
go	O
up	O
so	O
much	O
um	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
lithium	O
is	O
what	O
helps	O
you	O
,	O
right	O
/?	O


And	O
/-	O


Ah	O
/.	O


It	O
does	O
/.	O


Um	O
that	O
along	O
with	O
another	O
drug	O
are	O
the	O
main	O
things	O
that	O
control	O
the	O
mania	O
/.	O


Um	O
the	O
depression	O
is	O
the	O
hardest	O
thing	O
though	O
/.	O


um	O
the	O
medication	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
on	O
for	O
depression	O
is	O
just	O
/-	O


um	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
through	O
them	O
all	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
running	O
close	O
on	O
time	O
/.	O


What	O
about	O
side	O
effects	O
/?	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
recommend	O
/?	O


Um	O
/.	O


And	O
/-	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
would	O
recommend	O
to	O
anybody	O
going	O
on	O
a	O
medicine	O
that	O
they	O
learn	O
of	O
the	O
side	O
effects	O
first	B-ORDINAL
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
combat	O
them	O
because	O
nothing	O
's	O
worse	O
than	O
finding	O
success	O
with	O
a	O
medicine	O
and	O
then	O
gaining	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
weight	O
/.	O


So	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
learn	O
of	O
the	O
side	O
effects	O
early	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
do	O
certain	O
things	O
for	O
yourself	O
to	O
combat	O
them	O
/.	O


Um	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
really	O
between	O
you	O
and	O
your	O
doctor	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
find	O
your	O
way	O
through	O
um	O
those	O
side	O
effects	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
a	O
terrible	O
thing	O
to	O
be	O
menopausal	O
/.	O


If	O
that	O
means	O
no	O
children	O
in	O
your	O
future	O
that	O
could	O
you	O
know	O
have	O
a	O
devastating	O
effect	O
/.	O


But	O
you	O
should	O
know	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
going	O
in	O
and	O
then	O
just	O
take	O
them	O
one	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
with	O
your	O
therapist	O
and	O
work	O
on	O
them	O
trying	O
to	O
find	O
that	O
balance	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
Linda	B-PERSON
/.	O


What	O
's	O
your	O
new	O
TV	O
series	O
coming	O
up	O
/?	O


Oh	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
new	O
show	O
for	O
FX	B-ORG
called	O
Beef	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Beef	B-WORK_OF_ART
/?	O


Beef	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


You	O
start	O
shooting	O
/?	O


Um	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
Shriport	B-GPE
tomorrow	B-DATE
/.	O


Shriport	B-GPE
Louisiana	B-GPE
/.	O


But	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
pronounce	O
the	O
r	O
/.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
r	O
/.	O


Shriport	B-GPE
/.	O


Alright	O
/.	O


Shriport	B-GPE
/.	O


Ca	O
n't	O
wait	O
/.	O


OK	O
Shriport	B-GPE
Shriport	B-GPE
/.	O


OK	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
Linda	B-PERSON
/.	O


And	O
again	O
for	O
more	O
information	O
it	O
's	O
www	O
dot	O
complete	O
wellness	O
approach	O
dot	O
com	O
/.	O


Ha	O
ha	O
OK	O
/.	O


Tomorrow	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
Rod	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
/.	O


Monday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
Colin	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
Robert	B-PERSON
Downey	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
Sharon	B-PERSON
Stone	I-PERSON
/.	O


Anderson	B-PERSON
Cooper	I-PERSON
off	O
tonight	B-TIME
/.	O


but	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
nah	O
because	O
Erin	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
is	O
here	O
and	O
there	O
's	O
that	O
fam-	O
/.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
the	O
legendary	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
/.	O


And	O
this	O
time	O
he	O
answers	O
the	O
questions	O
on	O
everything	O
from	O
the	O
indictment	O
on	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
leak	O
investigation	O
to	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
new	O
supreme	B-ORG
court	I-ORG
nominee	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
'll	O
take	O
your	O
phone	O
calls	O
too	O
/.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
's	O
next	O
on	O
Larry	B-WORK_OF_ART
King	I-WORK_OF_ART
Live	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Before	O
we	O
talk	O
to	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
about	O
his	O
new	O
book	O
let	O
's	O
check	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
appointment	O
with	O
Senator	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Brownbeck	I-PERSON
Republican	B-NORP
of	O
Kansas	B-GPE
/.	O


He	O
's	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Judiciary	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
/.	O


He	O
'll	O
be	O
voting	O
on	O
the	O
senator	O
/.	O


He	O
voted	O
for	O
confirming	O
John	B-PERSON
Roberts	I-PERSON
/.	O


Senator	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
Schumer	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
Democrat	B-NORP
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
member	O
judiciary	O
/.	O


Senator	O
Schumer	B-PERSON
voted	O
against	O
the	O
Robert	B-PERSON
's	O
nomination	O
/.	O


And	O
in	O
Boston	B-GPE
is	O
David	B-PERSON
Gergen	I-PERSON
White	B-ORG
house	I-ORG
advisor	O
to	O
Presidents	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
Ford	B-PERSON
Reagen	B-PERSON
and	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
professor	O
of	O
public	O
service	O
at	O
Harvard	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
JFK	I-ORG
school	I-ORG
and	O
editor	O
at	O
large	O
/.	O


US	B-WORK_OF_ART
News	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
World	I-WORK_OF_ART
Report	I-WORK_OF_ART
will	O
start	O
with	O
David	B-PERSON
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
safe	O
bet	O
that	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Brownbeck	I-PERSON
is	O
going	O
to	O
vote	O
for	O
him	O
and	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Schumer	I-PERSON
is	O
going	O
to	O
vote	O
against	O
him	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
question	O
would	O
be	O
why	O
do	O
n't	O
they	O
both	O
wait	O
until	O
the	O
hearing	O
/?	O


Ah	O
because	O
we	O
've	O
just	O
come	O
through	O
such	O
a	O
contentious	O
period	O
on	O
Harriet	B-PERSON
Myerrs	I-PERSON
and	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
conservatives	O
really	O
wanted	O
a	O
hard	O
right	O
conservative	O
and	O
now	O
they	O
've	O
got	O
him	O
/.	O


They	O
've	O
all	O
come	O
out	O
and	O
forced	O
a	O
celebrated	O
/-	O


Pat	B-PERSON
Robertson	I-PERSON
called	O
it	O
a	O
grand	O
slam	O
home	O
run	O
/.	O


And	O
just	O
as	O
predicated	O
I	O
believe	O
the	O
left	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
come	O
out	O
on	O
the	O
attack	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
're	O
heading	O
toward	O
a	O
Donnybrook	B-EVENT
/.	O


It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
really	O
interesting	O
to	O
hear	O
what	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
senators	O
have	O
tonight	B-TIME
to	O
say	O
about	O
the	O
prospects	O
of	O
a	O
filibuster	O
/.	O


Senator	O
Brownbeck	B-PERSON
do	O
n't	O
the	O
confirmation	O
hearings	O
count	O
/?	O


Or	O
is	O
it	O
over	O
for	O
you	O
/.	O


he	O
's	O
got	O
a	O
yes	O
vote	O
/.	O


The	O
confirmation	O
hearings	O
do	O
count	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
over	O
for	O
me	O
/.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
how	O
this	O
nominee	O
performs	O
/.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
what	O
he	O
has	O
to	O
say	O
/.	O


I	O
just	O
heard	O
his	O
name	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
just	O
started	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
his	O
qualifications	O
his	O
background	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
looks	O
pretty	O
good	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
give	O
you	O
an	O
up	O
or	O
down	O
yes	O
or	O
no	O
now	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
advise	O
and	O
consent	O
to	O
get	O
more	O
information	O
/.	O


Senator	O
Schumer	B-PERSON
same	O
question	O
for	O
you	O
/.	O


Is	O
it	O
a	O
down	O
automatic	O
/?	O


No	O
not	O
at	O
all	O
just	O
as	O
Sam	B-PERSON
said	O
/.	O


On	O
this	O
we	O
agree	O
/.	O


Um	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
see	O
who	O
this	O
nominee	O
is	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
to	O
study	O
his	O
record	O
find	O
out	O
uh	O
what	O
he	O
thinks	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
meet	O
with	O
him	O
personally	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
hearing	O
/.	O


So	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
make	O
up	O
your	O
mind	O
/.	O


Obviously	O
people	O
have	O
inclinations	O
/.	O


My	O
guess	O
is	O
Sam	B-PERSON
's	O
a	O
little	O
happier	O
with	O
the	O
nomination	O
than	O
I	O
am	O
/.	O


but	O
neither	O
of	O
us	O
would	O
state	O
our	O
position	O
because	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
one	O
/.	O


You	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
sure	O
until	O
you	O
really	O
meet	O
the	O
nominee	O
and	O
see	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
like	O
/.	O


Uh	O
David	B-PERSON
Gergen	I-PERSON
if	O
it	O
got	O
to	O
a	O
filibuster	O
how	O
harmful	O
would	O
that	O
be	O
to	O
government	O
/?	O


Well	O
if	O
it	O
gets	O
to	O
a	O
filibuster	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
close	O
call	O
tonight	B-TIME
whether	O
it	O
will	O
eventually	O
get	O
there	O
or	O
not	O
and	O
the	O
Republicans	B-NORP
then	O
have	O
made	O
it	O
very	O
clear	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
likely	O
invoke	O
the	O
nuclear	O
option	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
kill	O
the	O
filibuster	O
and	O
to	O
kill	O
filibusters	O
in	O
general	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
tribal	O
warfare	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
/.	O


We	O
may	O
not	O
get	O
there	O
Larry	B-PERSON
/.	O


A	O
lot	O
depends	O
/.	O


Uh	O
the	O
hearings	O
do	O
matter	O
/.	O


People	O
have	O
to	O
look	O
more	O
closely	O
at	O
the	O
record	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
think	O
both	O
Senators	O
are	O
I	O
think	O
exactly	O
right	O
to	O
say	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
wait	O
and	O
hold	O
our	O
positions	O
/.	O


You	O
can	O
tell	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
activists	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
are	O
lining	O
up	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
Donnybrook	B-EVENT
/.	O


Senator	O
Brownbeck	B-PERSON
you	O
said	O
that	O
Bush	B-PERSON
picked	O
the	O
best	O
person	O
he	O
could	O
find	O
when	O
he	O
nominated	O
Harriet	B-PERSON
Myers	I-PERSON
/.	O


does	O
that	O
mean	O
that	O
Litos	B-PERSON
is	O
second	O
best	O
/?	O


Well	O
uh	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
recall	O
saying	O
that	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
where	O
your	O
producers	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
that	O
particular	O
statement	O
/.	O


They	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
it	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
/.	O


Well	O
huh	O
OK	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
that	O
was	O
probably	O
attributable	O
to	O
me	O
/.	O


I	O
had	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
questions	O
about	O
Harriet	B-PERSON
Myers	I-PERSON
a	O
lot	O
more	O
about	O
/.	O


there	O
was	O
a	O
lot	O
less	O
of	O
a	O
record	O
on	O
her	O
than	O
there	O
is	O
on	O
Judge	O
Litos	B-PERSON
/.	O


This	O
is	O
one	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
know	O
a	O
lot	O
more	O
about	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
this	O
is	O
good	O
for	O
the	O
process	O
/.	O


We	O
should	O
know	O
a	O
judicial	O
philosophy	O
/.	O


We	O
should	O
have	O
outstanding	O
candidates	O
put	O
forward	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
everyone	O
agrees	O
this	O
is	O
an	O
outstanding	O
legal	O
mind	O
/.	O


and	O
now	O
let	O
's	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
judicial	O
philosophy	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
probably	O
is	O
a	O
little	O
more	O
conservative	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
probably	O
not	O
as	O
far	O
to	O
the	O
right	O
as	O
Ruth	B-PERSON
Bader	I-PERSON
Ginsburgh	I-PERSON
is	O
to	O
the	O
left	O
/.	O


uh	O
but	O
let	O
's	O
take	O
a	O
look	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
some	O
time	O
to	O
see	O
/.	O


Speaking	O
of	O
that	O
Senator	O
Schumer	B-PERSON
did	O
you	O
want	O
a	O
woman	O
/?	O


Well	O
all	O
things	O
being	O
equal	O
yes	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
preferred	O
a	O
woman	O
/.	O


I	O
believe	O
in	O
diversity	O
/.	O


but	O
uh	O
the	O
President	O
made	O
his	O
choice	O
/.	O


And	O
Sam	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
do	O
agree	O
on	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
Larry	B-PERSON
/.	O


and	O
this	O
is	O
sort	O
of	O
interesting	O
/.	O


we	O
both	O
agree	O
that	O
the	O
nominee	O
should	O
state	O
their	O
judicial	O
philosophy	O
give	O
us	O
some	O
idea	O
of	O
how	O
he	O
or	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
she	O
thinks	O
on	O
these	O
issues	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
stealth	O
nominee	O
which	O
Harriet	B-PERSON
Myers	I-PERSON
clearly	O
was	O
is	O
over	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
Justices	O
have	O
tremendous	O
tremendous	O
power	O
over	O
every	O
one	O
of	O
our	O
lives	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
only	O
time	O
you	O
really	O
get	O
to	O
question	O
them	O
see	O
what	O
they	O
think	O
is	O
when	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
has	O
its	O
confirmation	O
process	O
/.	O


We	O
agree	O
that	O
that	O
ought	O
to	O
happen	O
/.	O


it	O
ought	O
to	O
happen	O
in	O
a	O
dignified	O
way	O
/.	O


it	O
ought	O
to	O
happen	O
in	O
thoughtful	O
way	O
/.	O


but	O
it	O
certainly	O
ought	O
to	O
happen	O
/.	O


He	O
wo	O
n't	O
make	O
the	O
court	O
if	O
approved	O
until	O
January	B-DATE
,	O
right	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
true	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
's	O
one	O
thing	O
that	O
does	O
worry	O
me	O
/.	O


because	O
of	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
this	O
nomination	O
there	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
a	O
rush	O
through	O
the	O
procedure	O
/.	O


Some	O
were	O
saying	O
let	O
's	O
get	O
this	O
done	O
very	O
quickly	O
/.	O


That	O
does	O
a	O
disservice	O
/.	O


Judge	O
Alito	B-PERSON
is	O
fifty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
/.	O


He	O
's	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
court	O
for	O
several	B-DATE
decades	I-DATE
having	O
a	O
huge	O
effect	O
not	O
only	O
on	O
us	O
but	O
on	O
our	O
children	O
maybe	O
our	O
grandchildren	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
careful	O
and	O
thoughtful	O
above	O
all	O
/.	O


No	O
rush	O
here	O
/.	O


should	O
n't	O
be	O
/.	O


David	B-PERSON
Gergen	I-PERSON
on	O
this	O
program	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
often	O
judges	O
disappoint	O
the	O
presidents	O
who	O
appoint	O
them	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
their	O
life	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
job	O
where	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
appealed	O
and	O
they	O
also	O
see	O
things	O
differently	O
/.	O


Ah	O
that	O
's	O
true	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
not	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
case	O
in	O
this	O
instance	O
because	O
Judge	O
Alito	B-PERSON
does	O
have	O
a	O
long	O
record	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
got	O
fifteen	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
court	O
of	O
appeals	O
/.	O


uh	O
and	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
we	O
do	O
know	O
about	O
him	O
is	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
had	O
some	B-CARDINAL
forty	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
dissents	O
on	O
that	O
court	O
almost	O
always	O
to	O
the	O
right	O
of	O
a	O
court	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
fairly	O
liberal	O
/.	O


Uh	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
has	O
a	O
consistent	O
philosophy	O
/.	O


Larry	B-PERSON
hmm	O
the	O
President	O
deserves	O
to	O
be	O
congratulated	O
for	O
now	O
putting	O
forward	O
someone	O
again	O
who	O
has	O
experience	O
and	O
who	O
is	O
talented	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
no	O
question	O
about	O
that	O
/.	O


He	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
quite	O
genial	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
sure	O
he	O
'll	O
do	O
pretty	O
well	O
in	O
the	O
hearings	O
/.	O


My	O
sense	O
is	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
ultimately	O
going	O
to	O
come	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
question	O
is	O
the	O
senate	B-ORG
going	O
to	O
confirm	O
someone	O
who	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
reliable	O
conservative	O
and	O
probably	O
be	O
voting	O
consistently	O
with	O
Scalia	B-PERSON
and	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
or	O
will	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
be	O
able	O
to	O
block	O
that	O
/?	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
big	O
important	O
battle	O
over	O
the	O
judicial	O
philosophy	O
that	O
ought	O
to	O
guide	O
the	O
court	O
/.	O


Senator	O
Brownbeck	B-PERSON
could	O
he	O
be	O
a	O
reliable	O
conservative	O
and	O
still	O
vote	O
to	O
uphold	O
Roe	B-LAW
vs.	I-LAW
Wade	I-LAW
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
one	O
could	O
probably	O
look	O
at	O
that	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
an	O
unlikely	O
way	O
to	O
consider	O
it	O
/.	O


Roe	B-LAW
vs.	I-LAW
Wade	I-LAW
the	O
right	O
to	O
an	O
abortion	O
that	O
's	O
read	O
into	O
the	O
constitution	B-LAW
is	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
constitution	B-LAW
/.	O


Uh	O
and	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
commentators	O
from	O
the	O
left	O
and	O
right	O
that	O
agree	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
constitution	B-LAW
/.	O


It	O
should	O
be	O
debated	O
/.	O


It	O
should	O
be	O
dealt	O
with	O
by	O
legislators	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


So	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
could	O
read	O
it	O
that	O
way	O
/.	O


but	O
it	O
seems	O
to	O
me	O
unlikely	O
on	O
somebody	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
more	O
of	O
a	O
strict	O
constructionist	O
on	O
the	O
constitution	B-LAW
/.	O


But	O
he	O
could	O
uphold	O
just	O
on	O
precedent	O
,	O
could	O
he	O
not	O
/?	O


because	O
he	O
has	O
said	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
that	O
he	O
favors	O
precedent	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
almost	O
every	O
judge	O
and	O
justice	O
favors	O
precedent	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
starry	O
decises	O
that	O
once	O
a	O
law	O
is	O
settled	O
it	O
's	O
settled	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
you	O
look	O
in	O
our	O
history	O
/.	O


we	O
've	O
had	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
supreme	I-ORG
court	I-ORG
that	O
have	O
been	O
overturned	O
by	O
later	O
courts	O
/.	O


and	O
thank	O
goodness	O
they	O
did	O
/.	O


Brown	B-LAW
versus	I-LAW
Board	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Education	I-LAW
is	O
in	O
my	O
home	O
state	O
of	O
Kansas	B-GPE
/.	O


It	O
overruled	O
earlier	O
laws	O
that	O
said	O
segregation	O
was	O
OK	O
/.	O


thankfully	O
the	O
court	O
overturned	O
those	O
prior	O
decisions	O
/.	O


Chuck	O
Schumer	B-PERSON
do	O
you	O
expect	O
a	O
battle	O
/?	O


Well	O
honestly	O
let	O
me	O
just	O
say	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
hoped	O
that	O
we	O
could	O
have	O
avoided	O
a	O
battle	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
honestly	O
expect	O
it	O
/?	O


I	O
would	O
have	O
hoped	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
would	O
choose	O
a	O
real	O
consensus	O
nominee	O
who	O
would	O
have	O
much	O
broader	O
support	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
what	O
happened	O
here	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
single	O
senator	O
for	O
instance	O
said	O
that	O
uh	O
Harriet	B-PERSON
Myers	I-PERSON
'	I-PERSON
nomination	O
should	O
be	O
withdrawn	O
/.	O


Sam	B-PERSON
may	O
have	O
been	O
on	O
the	O
edge	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
he	O
ever	O
said	O
it	O
/.	O


It	O
was	O
only	O
these	O
very	O
extreme	O
groups	O
that	O
said	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
President	O
went	O
along	O
with	O
them	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
got	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
Larry	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
tell	O
you	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
with	O
Judge	O
Alito	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
close	O
as	O
David	B-PERSON
Gergen	I-PERSON
said	O
/.	O


But	O
any	O
President	O
who	O
seeks	O
to	O
govern	O
whether	O
it	O
's	O
court	O
appointments	O
or	O
anything	O
else	O
from	O
the	O
extremes	O
Democrats	B-NORP
from	O
the	O
far	O
left	O
extreme	O
Republicans	B-NORP
from	O
the	O
far	O
right	O
extreme	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
serve	O
the	O
country	O
well	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
ends	O
up	O
not	O
serving	O
themselves	O
well	O
/.	O


David	B-PERSON
Gergen	I-PERSON
you	O
have	O
a	O
prediction	O
/.	O


or	O
too	O
early	O
to	O
tell	O
/?	O


Too	O
early	O
to	O
tell	O
/.	O


Watch	O
what	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
moderate	O
Democrats	B-NORP
do	O
/.	O


Watch	O
what	O
Olympia	B-PERSON
Snow	I-PERSON
Susan	B-PERSON
Colins	I-PERSON
and	O
Lincoln	B-PERSON
Chaffey	I-PERSON
do	O
on	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
side	O
/.	O


Those	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
swing	O
votes	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
way	O
too	O
early	O
to	O
tell	O
/.	O


uh	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
reliably	O
conservative	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
issue	O
becomes	O
as	O
the	O
country	O
gets	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
individual	O
decisions	O
are	O
whether	O
the	O
country	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
welcome	O
this	O
or	O
not	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
too	O
early	O
to	O
tell	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
fight	O
for	O
both	O
sides	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
senators	O
Brownback	B-PERSON
and	O
Schumer	B-PERSON
and	O
David	B-PERSON
Gergen	I-PERSON
/.	O


Tomorrow	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
ambassador	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
Wilson	I-PERSON
/.	O


former	O
President	O
Jimmy	B-PERSON
Carter	I-PERSON
on	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
/.	O


and	O
senator	O
John	B-PERSON
Mccaine	I-PERSON
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
/.	O


And	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
is	O
next	O
/.	O


Do	O
n't	O
go	O
away	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
always	O
a	O
great	O
pleasure	O
to	O
welcome	O
him	O
/.	O


he	O
's	O
with	O
us	O
on	O
my	O
birthday	O
/.	O


he	O
shared	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
my	O
life	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
love	O
him	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
my	O
favorite	O
personality	O
of	O
all	O
time	O
/.	O


he	O
's	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
/.	O


Corresponding	O
too	O
/-	O


Yeah	O
you	O
are	O
/.	O


Oh	O
Larry	B-PERSON
Larry	B-PERSON
Larry	B-PERSON
/.	O


for	O
CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Sixty	B-WORK_OF_ART
Minutes	I-WORK_OF_ART
since	O
its	O
premiere	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
sixty	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
/.	O


He	O
was	O
there	O
from	O
the	O
get	O
-	O
go	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
earned	O
numerous	O
awards	O
including	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Duponts	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Peabodies	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
a	O
terrific	O
new	O
memoir	O
out	O
including	O
a	O
DVD	O
from	O
clips	O
from	O
some	O
of	O
his	O
most	O
favorite	O
interviews	O
/.	O


The	O
book	O
is	O
Between	B-WORK_OF_ART
You	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Me	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


There	O
you	O
see	O
its	O
cover	O
/.	O


A	O
terrific	O
read	O
/.	O


Before	O
we	O
get	O
to	O
the	O
book	O
a	O
couple	O
comments	O
on	O
matters	O
of	O
note	O
/.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
what	O
's	O
your	O
read	O
on	O
Samuel	B-PERSON
Alito	I-PERSON
/?	O


You	O
had	O
two	B-CARDINAL
very	O
articulate	O
guests	O
on	O
just	O
ahead	O
of	O
me	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
much	O
about	O
the	O
man	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
/?	O


Nope	O
/.	O


He	O
looks	O
like	O
an	O
amiable	O
fellow	O
/.	O


but	O
really	O
I	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
gather	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
not	O
like	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
Scalito	B-PERSON
as	O
in	O
Scalia	B-PERSON
/.	O


For	O
whatever	O
reason	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
/.	O


You	O
do	O
know	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
Roe	B-PERSON
and	O
Wade	B-PERSON
and	O
so	O
forth	O
that	O
his	O
mother	O
said	O
Oh	O
no	O
he	O
's	O
definitely	O
against	O
abortion	O
/.	O


Hmm	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
a	O
nice	O
catholic	O
boy	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
believe	O
in	O
abortions	O
/.	O


Now	O
what	O
's	O
your	O
read	O
on	O
the	O
Libby	B-PERSON
indictment	O
/?	O


Well	O
that	O
's	O
sad	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
sad	O
/.	O


And	O
what	O
it	O
does	O
is	O
it	O
brings	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
into	O
play	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
something	O
/?	O


There	O
's	O
been	O
very	O
little	O
talk	O
lately	O
uh	O
about	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
/.	O


uh	O
he	O
's	O
kept	O
his	O
own	O
counsel	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
been	O
very	O
quiet	O
about	O
it	O
/.	O


Who	O
knows	O
what	O
he	O
told	O
Scooter	B-PERSON
Libby	I-PERSON
/.	O


uh	O
And	O
I	O
believe	O
I	O
saw	O
it	O
today	O
on	O
CNN	B-ORG
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
great	O
group	O
of	O
anti	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
people	O
now	O
that	O
has	O
grown	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
so	O
unaccountable	O
/.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
him	O
on	O
the	O
air	O
/.	O


He	O
does	O
n't	O
answer	O
questions	O
/.	O


um	O
who	O
knows	O
/?	O


Anyway	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
make	O
of	O
news	O
people	O
being	O
involved	O
/?	O


Tim	B-PERSON
Russet	I-PERSON
may	O
testify	O
/.	O


June	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
goes	O
to	O
jail	O
/.	O


Well	O
look	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
something	O
/?	O


We	O
get	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
deeply	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
we	O
cover	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
a	O
tendency	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
/.	O


You	O
do	O
it	O
/.	O


People	O
talk	O
to	O
you	O
off	O
the	O
record	O
/.	O


You	O
have	O
confidential	O
sources	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
talk	O
to	O
you	O
/.	O


So	O
uh	O
have	O
you	O
been	O
subpoenaed	O
/?	O


No	O
/.	O


Have	O
you	O
ever	O
been	O
subpoenaed	O
in	O
a	O
like	O
similar	O
case	O
where	O
someone	O
said	O
something	O
to	O
you	O
that	O
you	O
may	O
have	O
reported	O
or	O
not	O
reported	O
/?	O


Yes	O
and	O
we	O
tried	O
like	O
the	O
dickens	O
to	O
stay	O
away	O
from	O
it	O
/.	O


Pardon	O
me	O
/.	O


On	O
the	O
Westmoreland	B-PERSON
case	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
on	O
trial	O
for	O
libel	O
in	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
a	B-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
and	I-MONEY
twenty	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
and	O
uh	O
we	O
had	O
done	O
an	O
hour	B-TIME
and	I-TIME
a	I-TIME
half	I-TIME
show	O
called	O
/-	O


What	O
the	O
dickens	O
you	O
know	O
something	O
/.	O


this	O
head	O
is	O
getting	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
older	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
have	O
trouble	O
with	O
your	O
memory	O
/?	O


Yes	O
!	O


You	O
do	O
/?	O


The	O
older	O
we	O
get	O
the	O
harder	O
it	O
is	O
/.	O


It	O
is	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
fact	O
/.	O


How	O
about	O
your	O
hearing	O
/?	O


Harder	O
but	O
not	O
as	O
hard	O
as	O
memory	O
though	O
/.	O


Memory	O
is	O
tough	O
/.	O


And	O
your	O
glasses	O
your	O
eyes	O
/?	O


they	O
're	O
not	O
terribly	O
worse	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
've	O
worn	O
glasses	O
/-	O


See	O
Mike	B-PERSON
/.	O


you	O
're	O
the	O
guest	O
OK	O
/?	O


Alright	O
/.	O


So	O
you	O
went	O
to	O
court	O
over	O
Westmorland	B-PERSON
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
you	O
told	O
us	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
that	O
added	O
to	O
your	O
depression	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
that	O
's	O
true	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
what	O
started	O
the	O
depression	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
realize	O
what	O
was	O
happening	O
/.	O


But	O
to	O
sit	O
in	O
a	O
cold	O
and	O
drafty	O
federal	O
court	O
room	O
being	O
called	O
thief	O
liar	O
cheat	O
etc	O
by	O
the	O
/-	O


the	O
uh	O
plaintiff	O
had	O
first	O
crack	O
at	O
me	O
/.	O


And	O
to	O
sit	O
there	O
and	O
listen	O
to	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O
/.	O


believe	O
me	O
/.	O


all	O
of	O
the	O
sudden	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
sleep	O
/.	O


I	O
began	O
to	O
believe	O
that	O
maybe	O
I	O
was	O
guilty	O
/.	O


Ha	O
it	O
really	O
was	O
funny	O
/.	O


Alright	O
tell	O
me	O
about	O
this	O
unusual	O
book	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
memories	O
and	O
interviews	O
a	O
great	O
memoir	O
that	O
also	O
has	O
a	O
DVD	O
/.	O


Give	O
me	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
book	O
/.	O


Well	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
had	O
you	O
read	O
it	O
/-	O


I	O
mean	O
level	O
with	O
me	O
/.	O


I	O
told	O
you	O
/.	O


I	O
told	O
you	O
off	O
the	O
air	O
I	O
've	O
read	O
it	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
hear	O
the	O
DVD	O
yet	O
though	O
/.	O


You	O
did	O
n't	O
hear	O
the	O
DVD	O
/?	O


No	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
something	O
/?	O


First	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
did	O
you	O
like	O
the	O
book	O
/?	O


I	O
said	O
I	O
love	O
the	O
book	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
more	O
than	O
interesting	O
/.	O


Find	O
it	O
interesting	O
/?	O


Really	O
/?	O


Well	O
look	O
at	O
your	O
career	O
/.	O


Look	O
at	O
the	O
people	O
you	O
've	O
talked	O
to	O
/.	O


How	O
could	O
it	O
not	O
be	O
interesting	O
/?	O


The	O
wonderful	O
is	O
that	O
uh	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
/-	O


Can	O
you	O
imagine	O
back	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
fifty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
being	O
able	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
Eleanor	B-PERSON
Roosevelt	I-PERSON
/?	O


And	O
do	O
you	O
remember	O
a	O
man	O
by	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
um	O
here	O
we	O
go	O
Westbrooke	B-PERSON
Peggler	I-PERSON
/?	O


Ah	O
used	O
to	O
read	O
him	O
and	O
hate	O
him	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
/.	O


read	O
him	O
and	O
hated	O
him	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
correct	O
/.	O


Well	O
I	O
quoted	O
to	O
her	O
in	O
this	O
interview	O
back	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
hundred	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
fifty	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
I	O
was	O
on	O
ABC	B-ORG
at	O
the	O
time	O
/.	O


and	O
what	O
he	O
had	O
said	O
about	O
her	O
/.	O


and	O
what	O
a	O
vicious	O
unpleasant	O
lying	O
etc	O
etc	O
etc	O
/.	O


And	O
she	O
enjoyed	O
it	O
so	O
much	O
/.	O


Talk	O
about	O
a	O
soft	O
answer	O
turning	O
away	O
red	O
/.	O


I	O
hope	O
you	O
have	O
that	O
maybe	O
available	O
there	O
,	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
n't	O
seen	O
it	O
/.	O


No	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
seen	O
it	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
read	O
it	O
of	O
course	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
I	O
know	O
/.	O


uh	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
play	O
any	O
of	O
these	O
things	O
or	O
not	O
/.	O


there	O
was	O
um	O
/-	O


what	O
I	O
used	O
to	O
do	O
Larry	B-PERSON
was	O
occasionally	O
make	O
speeches	O
as	O
you	O
know	O
cause	O
you	O
're	O
making	O
them	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
show	O
up	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
new	O
speech	O
something	O
new	O
give	O
the	O
audience	O
something	O
to	O
chew	O
on	O
/.	O


but	O
that	O
gets	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
pain	O
in	O
the	O
neck	O
after	O
a	O
while	O
/.	O


So	O
/.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
lucrative	O
way	O
to	O
get	O
from	O
here	O
to	O
there	O
/.	O


In	O
any	O
case	O
what	O
I	O
used	O
to	O
do	O
was	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
big	O
screen	O
in	O
the	O
hall	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
would	O
lead	O
into	O
something	O
from	O
uh	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
people	O
that	O
I	O
had	O
had	O
before	O
/.	O


Great	O
idea	O
/.	O


and	O
maybe	O
do	O
five	B-CARDINAL
different	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
an	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
questions	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
/.	O


Well	O
um	O
it	O
really	O
was	O
good	O
/.	O


The	O
people	O
at	O
the	O
uh	O
publisher	O
heard	O
about	O
it	O
saw	O
it	O
and	O
said	O
Hey	O
somebody	O
's	O
got	O
a	O
hell	O
of	O
a	O
book	O
/.	O


Boy	O
were	O
they	O
right	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
get	O
a	O
break	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
come	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


As	O
we	O
go	O
to	O
break	O
the	O
book	O
is	O
Between	B-WORK_OF_ART
You	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Me	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


and	O
here	O
are	O
some	O
clips	O
from	O
the	O
DVD	O
/.	O


Watch	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
definitely	O
how	O
it	O
started	O
/.	O


she	O
's	O
a	O
great	O
mutual	O
friend	O
/.	O


and	O
she	O
's	O
a	O
terrific	O
lady	O
/.	O


That	O
was	O
tough	O
though	O
,	O
was	O
n't	O
it	O
/?	O


That	O
was	O
tough	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
were	O
the	O
guy	O
who	O
straightened	O
it	O
out	O
for	O
me	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
we	O
'll	O
show	O
the	O
audience	O
how	O
we	O
did	O
that	O
/.	O


Watch	O
how	O
we	O
straightened	O
it	O
out	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
called	O
her	O
the	B-TIME
next	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
/.	O


and	O
we	O
patched	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O
up	O
/.	O


I	O
know	O
/.	O


Well	O
we	O
both	O
adore	O
her	O
/.	O


We	O
both	O
adore	O
her	O
very	O
well	O
and	O
admire	O
her	O
immensely	O
/.	O


She	O
's	O
such	O
a	O
special	O
lady	O
/.	O


why	O
did	O
n't	O
we	O
read	O
her	O
well	O
years	B-DATE
ago	I-DATE
/?	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
mean	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
in	O
the	O
office	O
/.	O


she	O
had	O
that	O
fire	O
lady	O
kind	O
of	O
image	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
/.	O


Oh	O
well	O
he	O
listened	O
to	O
her	O
/.	O


her	O
husband	O
listened	O
to	O
her	O
/.	O


and	O
she	O
got	O
involved	O
in	O
politics	O
more	O
than	O
we	O
know	O
/.	O


And	O
when	O
she	O
wanted	O
to	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Reegan	I-PERSON
/.	O


Remember	O
when	O
they	O
used	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
that	O
little	O
branch	O
house	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


I	O
got	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
/-	O


Have	O
you	O
talked	O
to	O
her	O
lately	O
/?	O


Uh	O
about	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
was	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
/.	O


I	O
hope	O
I	O
'll	O
call	O
her	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
and	O
we	O
'll	O
have	O
dinner	O
/.	O


give	O
her	O
my	O
love	O
/.	O


uh	O
the	O
fact	O
of	O
the	O
matter	O
is	O
that	O
uh	O
she	O
's	O
been	O
having	O
some	O
trouble	O
with	O
her	O
back	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
I	O
know	O
/.	O


And	O
she	O
fell	O
/.	O


yeah	O
she	O
fell	O
and	O
/-	O


Well	O
she	O
's	O
an	O
adorable	O
woman	O
/.	O


In	O
any	O
case	O
/-	O


Oh	O
are	O
we	O
going	O
to	O
hear	O
this	O
now	O
/?	O


No	O
You	O
're	O
not	O
scaring	O
me	O
though	O
there	O
's	O
something	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
Mike	B-PERSON
/?	O


What	O
are	O
you	O
talking	O
about	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
about	O
Nancy	B-PERSON
/.	O


like	O
you	O
seem	O
troubled	O
/.	O


Well	O
no	O
not	O
troubled	O
/.	O


Look	O
/.	O


she	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
child	O
anymore	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
I	O
know	O
feel	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
about	O
her	O
/.	O


She	O
's	O
one	O
of	O
my	O
favorite	O
people	O
on	O
the	O
planet	O
/.	O


I	O
know	O
it	O
/.	O


I	O
know	O
/.	O


Mhm	O
/.	O


Now	O
let	O
's	O
get	O
a	O
break	O
and	O
come	O
back	O
with	O
more	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
take	O
calls	O
too	O
for	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
/.	O


The	O
book	O
is	O
Between	B-WORK_OF_ART
You	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Me	I-WORK_OF_ART
with	O
the	O
DVD	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
rhymes	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


Great	O
moment	O
in	O
the	O
book	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
Clint	B-PERSON
Hill	I-PERSON
the	O
secret	O
service	O
man	O
when	O
the	O
Kennedy	B-PERSON
assassination	O
/-	O


What	O
was	O
that	O
like	O
for	O
you	O
/?	O


Oh	O
look	O
/.	O


the	O
anguish	O
in	O
that	O
man	O
's	O
heart	O
/.	O


if	O
we	O
could	O
see	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
more	O
of	O
that	O
I	O
'd	O
be	O
grateful	O
/.	O


he	O
believed	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
JFK	B-PERSON
dying	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
forget	O
exactly	O
how	O
we	O
got	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
him	O
/.	O


I	O
believe	O
it	O
was	O
seventy	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
/.	O


Yeah	O
it	O
was	O
/.	O


and	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
sudden	O
he	O
began	O
to	O
/-	O


I	O
mean	O
listen	O
to	O
some	O
of	O
this	O
/.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
more	O
of	O
it	O
/.	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
/-	O


and	O
that	O
/-	O


how	O
much	O
of	O
it	O
's	O
on	O
the	O
DVD	O
/?	O


it	O
's	O
about	B-TIME
three	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
long	O
Larry	B-PERSON
/.	O


uh	O
He	O
really	O
believed	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
responsible	O
/.	O


he	O
had	O
a	O
nervous	O
breakdown	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
/.	O


Mmm	O
/.	O


had	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
air	O
/.	O


Happily	O
happily	O
/.	O


Huh	O
/?	O


Looks	O
like	O
he	O
had	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
air	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
correct	O
/.	O


he	O
was	O
feeling	O
that	O
way	O
/.	O


The	O
book	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
is	O
Between	B-WORK_OF_ART
You	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Me	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


the	O
DVD	O
comes	O
with	O
it	O
/.	O


Incredible	O
with	O
this	O
incredible	O
career	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
never	O
interviewed	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
've	O
never	O
met	O
him	O
/.	O


How	O
come	O
/?	O


Never	O
met	O
him	O
/?	O


when	O
he	O
was	O
governor	O
of	O
Texas	B-GPE
I	O
went	O
down	O
there	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
piece	O
on	O
um	O
Tort	O
Reform	O
/.	O


and	O
Rove	B-PERSON
made	O
up	O
his	O
mind	O
that	O
uh	O
we	O
were	O
on	O
the	O
wrong	O
side	O
of	O
that	O
issue	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
him	O
then	O
he	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Wallace	B-PERSON
you	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
the	O
governor	O
/.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
your	O
mind	O
is	O
made	O
up	O
/.	O


so	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
let	O
you	O
talk	O
to	O
him	O
/.	O


OK	O
so	O
we	O
did	O
the	O
piece	O
anyway	O
/.	O


Uh	O
what	O
happened	O
then	O
was	O
when	O
he	O
came	O
to	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
I	O
figured	O
well	O
come	O
on	O
/.	O


the	O
time	O
has	O
come	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
've	O
talked	O
to	O
every	O
President	O
since	O
Abe	B-PERSON
Lincoln	I-PERSON
and	O
every	O
first	B-ORDINAL
lady	O
since	O
Martha	B-PERSON
Washington	I-PERSON
/.	O


uh	O
reminds	O
me	O
from	O
time	O
to	O
time	O
/.	O


But	O
seriously	O
uh	O
he	O
just	O
said	O
Forget	O
it	O
/.	O


you	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
him	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
have	O
never	O
met	O
forget	O
talked	O
to	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
/.	O


Did	O
Rove	B-PERSON
give	O
you	O
a	O
reason	O
/?	O


After	O
/.	O


Forget	O
the	O
Tort	O
Reform	O
and	O
governor	O
/.	O


Did	O
he	O
give	O
you	O
a	O
reason	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
President	O
why	O
you	O
could	O
n't	O
interview	O
him	O
/?	O


Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
like	O
me	O
ha	O
which	O
of	O
course	O
makes	O
/-	O


Because	O
/?	O


Who	O
the	O
dickens	O
knows	O
/?	O


Who	O
knows	O
/?	O


I	O
have	O
no	O
idea	O
why	O
/.	O


Well	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
tightest	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
going	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
uh	O
really	O
talking	O
candidly	O
is	O
concerned	O
uh	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
secretive	O
if	O
you	O
will	O
/.	O


Both	O
the	O
President	O
and	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
the	O
press	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
particularly	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
people	O
who	O
might	O
ask	O
uh	O
interesting	O
questions	O
or	O
abrasive	O
questions	O
or	O
whatever	O
/.	O


People	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
this	O
/.	O


but	O
we	O
did	O
this	O
in	O
interview	O
a	B-DATE
long	I-DATE
time	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
in	O
Miami	B-GPE
/.	O


you	O
were	O
offered	O
the	O
job	O
of	O
press	O
secretary	O
by	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Nixon	I-PERSON
/.	O


Indeed	O
I	O
was	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
something	O
/?	O


I	O
was	O
offered	O
the	O
job	O
as	O
press	O
secretary	O
to	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Nixon	I-PERSON
/.	O


and	O
we	O
got	O
along	O
like	O
a	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
'll	O
tell	O
you	O
who	O
I	O
really	O
got	O
along	O
with	O
was	O
Patricia	B-PERSON
Nixon	I-PERSON
/.	O


Really	O
/?	O


oh	O
she	O
was	O
a	O
lovely	O
woman	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
travelled	O
with	O
him	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
loser	O
so	O
he	O
was	O
happy	O
to	O
you	O
know	O
have	O
me	O
come	O
along	O
with	O
him	O
and	O
the	O
kids	O
Julie	B-PERSON
and	O
Tricia	B-PERSON
and	O
Pat	B-PERSON
Nixon	I-PERSON
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
she	O
was	O
obviously	O
a	O
bruised	O
woman	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
that	O
whole	O
Watergate	B-EVENT
thing	O
was	O
coming	O
down	O
/.	O


and	O
um	O
that	O
's	O
one	O
person	O
I	O
really	O
really	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
an	O
interview	O
with	O
/.	O


but	O
she	O
was	O
scared	O
/.	O


she	O
would	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
/.	O


Probably	O
the	O
least	O
known	O
first	B-ORDINAL
lady	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
correct	O
/.	O


And	O
a	O
lovely	O
lovely	O
woman	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
it	O
was	O
Gloria	B-PERSON
Steinam	I-PERSON
I	O
believe	O
that	O
called	O
her	O
plastic	O
Pat	B-PERSON
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


The	O
least	O
plastic	O
individual	O
that	O
I	O
've	O
ever	O
met	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
calls	O
for	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
and	O
take	O
a	O
break	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
when	O
we	O
come	O
back	O
the	O
book	O
is	O
Between	B-WORK_OF_ART
You	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Me	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


and	O
here	O
is	O
Mr.	O
Wallace	B-PERSON
with	O
Mr.	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
/.	O


What	O
a	O
life	O
/.	O


Wallace	B-PERSON
Wallace	B-PERSON
Wallace	B-PERSON
Mike	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
/.	O


The	O
book	O
is	O
Between	B-WORK_OF_ART
You	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Me	I-WORK_OF_ART
with	O
a	O
DVD	O
accompanying	O
it	O
/.	O


Terrific	O
read	O
/.	O


Toronto	B-GPE
Canada	B-GPE
/.	O


We	O
got	O
to	O
some	O
calls	O
/.	O


Hello	O
/.	O


Hi	O
there	O
Mike	B-PERSON
/?	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


Uh	O
first	O
of	O
all	O
I	O
just	O
wanted	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
uh	O
uh	O
when	O
I	O
first	O
came	O
to	O
Canada	B-GPE
here	O
I	O
got	O
my	O
political	O
education	O
watching	O
those	O
CBS	B-ORG
broadcasts	O
/.	O


Ah	O
/.	O


with	O
uh	O
Walter	B-PERSON
Cronkite	I-PERSON
and	O
Charles	B-PERSON
uh	I-PERSON
Kerald	I-PERSON
and	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Severide	I-PERSON
/.	O


Um	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
great	O
broadcast	O
/.	O


Course	O
/.	O


I	O
got	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
when	O
I	O
um	O
joined	O
that	O
group	O
Cronkite	B-PERSON
Severide	B-PERSON
Kerald	B-PERSON
and	O
so	O
forth	O
that	O
was	O
like	O
being	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
mother	O
church	O
/.	O


Ha	O
ha	O
/.	O


What	O
's	O
the	O
question	O
sir	O
/?	O


OK	O
actually	O
I	O
had	O
this	O
question	O
before	O
you	O
started	O
uh	O
talking	O
about	O
uh	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
/.	O


Uh	O
you	O
had	O
mentioned	O
uh	O
that	O
you	O
find	O
it	O
rather	O
uh	O
odd	O
I	O
guess	O
the	O
silence	O
of	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
or	O
maybe	O
not	O
so	O
odd	O
but	O
he	O
has	O
been	O
silent	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
find	O
it	O
uh	O
not	O
only	O
bizarre	O
but	O
uh	O
just	O
unfathomable	O
how	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
has	O
been	O
silent	O
about	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
/.	O


He	O
does	O
n't	O
talk	O
about	O
him	O
much	O
,	O
does	O
he	O
Mike	B-PERSON
/?	O


He	O
does	O
n't	O
talk	O
about	O
him	O
at	O
all	O
/.	O


Does	O
n't	O
get	O
asked	O
about	O
him	O
/.	O


we	O
know	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
Rove	B-PERSON
who	O
helped	O
to	O
make	O
him	O
a	O
governor	O
and	O
who	O
helped	O
to	O
make	O
him	O
president	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
would	O
n't	O
it	O
be	O
wonderful	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
more	O
about	O
what	O
Rove	B-PERSON
had	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
stuff	O
that	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
reading	O
about	O
/?	O


Well	O
we	O
know	O
he	O
had	O
something	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
named	O
in	O
the	O
indictment	O
/.	O


but	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
indicted	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
correct	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


Bakersfield	B-GPE
California	B-GPE
hello	O
/.	O


Hello	O
between	O
you	O
and	O
me	O
you	O
gentlemen	O
continue	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
major	O
contribution	O
to	O
the	O
citizens	O
of	O
this	O
country	O
/.	O


So	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
brains	O
that	O
I	O
see	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
me	O
to	O
answer	O
this	O
question	O
to	O
which	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
unable	O
to	O
find	O
an	O
answer	O
/.	O


If	O
we	O
truly	O
even	O
for	O
a	B-TIME
moment	I-TIME
believed	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
weapons	O
of	O
mass	O
destruction	O
why	O
did	O
we	O
send	O
in	O
ground	O
forces	O
/?	O


Thank	O
you	O
/.	O


You	O
mean	O
rather	O
than	O
what	O
/?	O


if	O
we	O
believe	O
there	O
were	O
weapons	O
of	O
mass	O
destruction	O
why	O
would	O
we	O
send	O
in	O
ground	O
forces	O
/?	O


Oh	O
I	O
see	O
/.	O


Why	O
would	O
we	O
put	O
them	O
at	O
peril	O
/?	O


You	O
know	O
something	O
/?	O


uh	O
listen	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
good	O
question	O
/.	O


Very	O
good	O
huh	O
uh	O
/.	O


And	O
what	O
they	O
did	O
was	O
as	O
you	O
remember	O
/-	O


And	O
I	O
was	O
astonished	O
when	O
I	O
saw	O
that	O
they	O
/-	O


You	O
remember	O
Shock	O
and	O
Awe	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
attacking	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
telling	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
we	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
shock	O
and	O
awe	O
the	O
world	O
with	O
the	O
attack	O
that	O
we	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
make	O
on	O
/-	O


I	O
mean	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
George	B-PERSON
Tennet	I-PERSON
was	O
it	O
not	O
who	O
said	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
slam	O
dunk	O
/.	O


Yep	O
/.	O


That	O
there	O
were	O
weapons	O
of	O
mass	O
destruction	O
there	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
good	O
question	O
did	O
we	O
put	O
our	O
boys	O
male	O
and	O
girls	O
and	O
women	O
at	O
peril	O
/.	O


Mhm	O
/.	O


Hello	O
hello	O
Jay	B-GPE
Georgia	B-GPE
hello	O
/.	O


Ah	O
thank	O
you	O
Larry	B-PERSON
/.	O


And	O
Mike	B-PERSON
I	O
loved	O
your	O
book	O
/.	O


It	O
was	O
great	O
/.	O


And	O
toward	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
book	O
you	O
said	O
Secretary	O
Putin	B-PERSON
of	O
Russia	B-GPE
had	O
asked	O
you	O
to	O
come	O
over	O
and	O
interview	O
him	O
/.	O


Had	O
you	O
done	O
that	O
/?	O


Uh	O
and	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
know	O
about	O
it	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
so	O
much	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
interview	B-ORDINAL
Putin	O
yes	O
/.	O


on	O
the	O
sixtieth	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
uh	O
end	O
of	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
Two	I-EVENT
he	O
asked	O
me	O
to	O
come	O
on	O
over	O
and	O
interview	O
him	O
/.	O


And	O
it	O
was	O
carried	O
uh	O
in	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
places	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
something	O
/.	O


Putin	B-PERSON
to	O
my	O
way	O
of	O
thinking	O
who	O
calls	O
himself	O
a	O
democrat	B-NORP
/-	O


He	O
's	O
not	O
our	O
kind	O
of	O
democrat	B-NORP
/.	O


but	O
I	O
have	O
admiration	O
for	O
him	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
an	O
honorable	O
man	O
/.	O


well	O
he	O
's	O
done	O
a	O
very	B-DATE
good	O
job	O
for	O
Russia	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
'll	O
be	O
fifty	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
his	O
second	B-ORDINAL
term	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
said	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
run	O
for	O
another	O
term	O
because	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
destabilizing	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
ask	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
constitution	B-LAW
/.	O


I	O
asked	O
him	O
almost	O
as	O
a	O
joke	O
uh	O
uh	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
what	O
why	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
go	O
into	O
journalism	O
/?	O


Money	O
is	O
good	O
/.	O


age	O
does	O
n't	O
make	O
a	O
heck	O
of	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
difference	O
ha	O
ha	O
/.	O


He	O
looked	O
at	O
me	O
like	O
I	O
was	O
crazy	O
/.	O


but	O
who	O
knows	O
/.	O


Did	O
n't	O
you	O
find	O
him	O
as	O
I	O
found	O
him	O
easy	O
to	O
be	O
around	O
/?	O


Putin	B-PERSON
/?	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


Oh	O
absolutely	O
/.	O


Very	O
good	O
idiomatic	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
/.	O


He	O
spoke	O
on	O
camera	O
in	O
Russian	B-LANGUAGE
/.	O


but	O
uh	O
I	O
admire	O
the	O
man	O
/.	O


Me	O
too	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
take	O
a	O
break	O
and	O
be	O
back	O
with	O
more	O
of	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
/.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
great	O
book	O
Between	B-WORK_OF_ART
You	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Me	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


It	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
forecast	O
things	O
in	O
life	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
major	O
best	O
seller	O
/.	O


Do	O
n't	O
go	O
away	O
/.	O


The	O
prophetic	O
Malcolm	B-PERSON
X	I-PERSON
/.	O


Topeka	B-GPE
Kansas	B-GPE
with	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
/.	O


The	O
book	O
Between	B-WORK_OF_ART
You	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Me	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Hello	O
/.	O


Good	O
evening	B-TIME
/.	O


Hi	O
/.	O


I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
ask	O
Mr.	O
Wallace	B-PERSON
if	O
he	O
's	O
ever	O
turned	O
down	O
an	O
inter-	O
/-	O


Turned	O
down	O
a	O
what	O
/?	O


Interview	O
/.	O


Turned	O
down	O
an	O
interview	O
/?	O


Were	O
you	O
ever	O
asked	O
by	O
CBS	B-ORG
to	O
say	O
go	O
do	O
this	O
guy	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
said	O
no	O
/?	O


If	O
so	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
remember	O
/.	O


No	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
so	O
/.	O


Orlando	B-GPE
Florida	B-GPE
hello	O
/.	O


Mike	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
know	O
/.	O


Go	O
ahead	O
/.	O


the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
I	O
saw	O
a	O
nice	O
looking	O
young	O
man	O
on	O
TV	O
in	O
a	O
show	O
Mike	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Buffy	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


was	O
that	O
you	O
/?	O


That	O
was	O
me	O
he	O
he	O
/.	O


That	O
was	O
me	O
and	O
Buff	B-PERSON
Cobb	I-PERSON
who	O
was	O
my	O
/-	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
Buff	B-PERSON
talking	O
,	O
is	O
it	O
/?	O


No	O
no	O
ha	O
ha	O
/.	O


cause	O
Buff	B-PERSON
is	O
up	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Hampshire	I-GPE
/.	O


She	O
lives	O
in	O
a	O
home	O
up	O
there	O
/.	O


She	O
's	O
not	O
well	O
/.	O


Um	O
yeah	O
she	O
and	O
I	O
used	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
show	O
on	O
CBS	B-ORG
when	O
I	O
first	B-ORDINAL
came	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
/.	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
fascinating	O
/.	O


it	O
was	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
like	O
Regis	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
uh	I-WORK_OF_ART
Kathy	I-WORK_OF_ART
or	O
uh	O
Regis	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Kelly	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


But	O
you	O
were	O
married	O
,	O
right	O
/?	O


Yes	O
/.	O


What	O
was	O
it	O
like	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
show	O
with	O
the	O
wife	O
/?	O


Not	O
easy	O
/.	O


Ha	O
ha	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
serious	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
uh	O
I	O
'd	O
love	O
to	O
see	O
that	O
/.	O


uh	O
We	O
used	O
to	O
bicker	O
on	O
the	O
air	O
/.	O


and	O
what	O
happened	O
was	O
after	O
a	O
while	O
the	O
bickering	O
continued	O
after	O
we	O
got	O
off	O
the	O
air	O
/.	O


After	O
you	O
got	O
off	O
the	O
air	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O
/.	O


I	O
know	O
/.	O


Detroit	B-GPE
hello	O
/.	O


Hi	O
/.	O


Hi	O
/.	O


How	O
are	O
you	O
/?	O


Fine	O
/.	O


Mr.	O
Wallace	B-PERSON
this	O
is	O
a	O
big	O
pleasure	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
you	O
/.	O


But	O
um	O
uh	O
what	O
is	O
your	O
most	O
difficult	O
interview	O
that	O
you	O
had	O
in	O
Sixty	B-WORK_OF_ART
Minutes	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	O
most	O
difficult	O
person	O
that	O
you	O
could	O
have	O
ever	O
interviewed	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
probably	O
the	O
Aiatola	O
really	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
not	O
anxious	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
/.	O


It	O
was	O
um	O
just	O
after	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
hostages	O
had	O
been	O
taken	O
in	O
Iran	B-GPE
/.	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
surprised	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
willing	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
us	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
very	O
very	O
difficult	O
business	O
/.	O


We	O
did	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
holy	O
city	O
of	O
which	O
uh	O
we	O
/-	O


and	O
the	O
circumstances	O
were	O
difficult	O
/.	O


They	O
took	O
good	O
care	O
to	O
see	O
that	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
into	O
trouble	O
/.	O


Ha	O
ha	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
take	O
a	O
break	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
just	O
/-	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
back	O
with	O
more	O
of	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
/.	O


The	O
book	O
is	O
Between	B-WORK_OF_ART
You	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Me	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


the	O
DVD	O
is	O
included	O
/.	O


oh	O
what	O
can	O
one	O
say	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
terrific	O
work	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


That	O
voice	O
was	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Insider	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


That	O
man	O
/.	O


that	O
man	O
remains	O
my	O
hero	O
/.	O


Jeff	B-PERSON
Wygan	I-PERSON
who	O
took	O
on	O
the	O
tobacco	O
cartel	O
if	O
you	O
will	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
remember	O
when	O
all	O
those	O
guys	O
who	O
ran	O
the	O
companies	O
raised	O
their	O
hands	O
and	O
said	O
Oh	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
addictive	O
/.	O


they	O
knew	O
it	O
was	O
addictive	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
has	O
succeeded	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
really	O
he	O
has	O
succeeded	O
/.	O


He	O
runs	O
a	O
foundation	O
for	O
Smoke	B-ORG
Free	I-ORG
Kids	I-ORG
/.	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
gotten	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
success	O
in	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
ways	O
in	O
foreign	O
countries	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
/.	O


The	O
man	O
is	O
my	O
hero	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
are	O
mine	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
have	O
a	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME
and	I-TIME
a	I-TIME
half	I-TIME
left	O
/.	O


I	O
know	O
you	O
're	O
asked	O
this	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
/.	O


but	O
how	O
long	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
keep	O
on	O
keeping	O
on	O
/.	O


How	O
long	O
you	O
/-	O


you	O
know	O
what	O
the	O
dickens	O
would	O
I	O
do	O
/?	O


what	O
would	O
I	O
do	O
/?	O


How	O
long	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
keep	O
doing	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
/-	O


Yeah	O
but	O
you	O
're	O
/-	O


How	O
old	O
are	O
you	O
Mike	B-PERSON
/?	O


Eighty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
/.	O


can	O
you	O
imagine	O
/?	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
seventy	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
/.	O


so	O
you	O
're	O
fifteen	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
older	O
than	O
me	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
I	O
feel	O
like	O
a	O
kid	O
compared	O
to	O
you	O
/.	O


/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
about	O
that	O
/.	O


Ha	O
ha	O
you	O
're	O
an	O
adolescent	O
/.	O


I	O
would	O
pray	O
to	O
be	O
eighty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
/.	O


You	O
taking	O
care	O
of	O
yourself	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


you	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


Is	O
everything	O
OK	O
/?	O


Everything	O
is	O
fine	O
/.	O


you	O
're	O
a	O
good	O
man	O
Larry	B-PERSON
/.	O


Well	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
come	O
like	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
just	O
love	O
you	O
/.	O


Bless	O
you	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
other	O
quick	O
thing	O
/.	O


Mhm	O
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
want	O
people	O
to	O
squirm	O
/?	O


Of	O
course	O
/.	O


So	O
that	O
was	O
your	O
role	O
to	O
get	O
them	O
/.	O


Of	O
course	O
of	O
course	O
of	O
course	O
/.	O


that	O
was	O
the	O
role	O
I	O
played	O
sure	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
love	O
Johnny	B-PERSON
Carson	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
line	O
to	O
you	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
uh	O
steel	O
any	O
tires	O
/-	O


That	O
's	O
correct	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
the	O
sad	O
thing	O
about	O
that	O
/?	O


Oh	O
look	O
at	O
that	O
/.	O


Look	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
safer	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
whole	O
crowd	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
we	O
're	O
out	O
of	O
time	O
/.	O


What	O
was	O
the	O
sad	O
thing	O
quickly	O
about	O
Carson	B-PERSON
/?	O


That	O
he	O
smoked	O
/.	O


He	O
killed	O
himself	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


Right	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
too	O
/.	O


He	O
smoked	O
after	O
the	O
heart	O
surgery	O
/.	O


He	O
could	O
n't	O
stop	O
smoking	O
/.	O


He	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
exactly	O
right	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
Mike	B-PERSON
/.	O


As	O
usual	O
Larry	B-PERSON
thanks	O
so	O
much	O
/.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
/.	I-PERSON


The	O
book	O
Between	B-WORK_OF_ART
You	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Me	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


and	O
it	O
contains	O
an	O
extraordinary	O
DVD	O
/.	O


I	O
read	O
the	O
book	O
have	O
n't	O
seen	O
the	O
DVD	O
yet	O
/.	O


It	O
should	O
be	O
something	O
/.	O


Erin	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
is	O
off	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
/.	O


Paula	B-PERSON
is	O
on	O
who	O
played	O
cello	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
at	O
a	O
big	O
event	O
for	O
the	O
medical	O
center	O
/.	O


I	O
was	O
the	O
emcee	O
/.	O


They	O
played	O
take	B-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
A	I-WORK_OF_ART
train	I-WORK_OF_ART
with	O
the	B-ORG
Harlem	I-ORG
Jazz	I-ORG
Band	I-ORG
/.	O


She	O
was	O
fantastic	O
/.	O


Happy	O
Halloween	B-DATE
Paula	B-PERSON
you	O
were	O
great	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
/.	O


I	O
guess	O
they	O
did	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
hear	O
/.	O


but	O
they	O
did	O
good	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
were	O
great	O
/.	O


For	O
democracy	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
middle	I-LOC
east	I-LOC
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
ask	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
's	O
president	O
Emile	B-PERSON
Lahoud	I-PERSON
about	O
his	O
hopes	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
the	O
region	O
/.	O


Live	O
from	O
CNN	B-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
this	O
is	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
with	I-WORK_OF_ART
Wolf	I-WORK_OF_ART
Blitzer	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


It	O
's	O
noon	B-TIME
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
nine	B-TIME
am	I-TIME
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angelas	I-GPE
seven	B-TIME
pm	I-TIME
in	O
Bayreuth	B-GPE
and	O
eight	B-TIME
pm	I-TIME
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
/.	O


Wherever	O
you	O
're	O
watching	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
thanks	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
joining	O
us	O
for	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
get	O
to	O
our	O
interview	O
with	O
general	O
Abizaid	B-GPE
in	O
just	B-TIME
a	I-TIME
moment	I-TIME
/.	O


and	O
later	O
we	O
'll	O
also	O
get	O
the	O
views	O
of	O
senator	O
Edward	B-PERSON
Kennedy	I-PERSON
/.	O


but	O
first	B-ORDINAL
a	O
quick	O
check	O
of	O
what	O
's	O
in	O
the	O
news	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


Thanks	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
Patricia	B-PERSON
Whitfield	I-PERSON
at	O
the	O
CNN	B-ORG
center	O
in	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
/.	O


Here	O
are	O
the	O
headlines	O
/.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
death	O
toll	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
has	O
climbed	O
/.	O


An	O
American	B-NORP
soldier	O
was	O
killed	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
a	O
road	O
side	O
bombing	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
/.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
others	O
were	O
wounded	O
/.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
death	O
toll	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
now	O
stands	O
at	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
seven	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
thirty	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


In	O
northern	O
Iraq	B-GPE
four	B-CARDINAL
suicide	O
bombings	O
over	O
eighteen	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
rocked	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
/.	B-GPE


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
nineteen	I-CARDINAL
deaths	O
and	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
injuries	O
reported	O
there	O
/.	O


Many	O
of	O
the	O
victims	O
were	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
police	O
officers	O
/.	O


Experience	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
CNN	B-ORG
video	O
on	O
your	O
computer	O
/.	O


Log	O
onto	O
CNN	O
dot	O
com	O
click	O
on	O
the	O
video	O
link	O
and	O
browse	O
for	O
the	O
video	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
/.	O


Watch	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
whenever	O
you	O
want	O
free	O
at	O
CNN	O
dot	O
com	O
/.	O


And	O
those	O
are	O
the	O
headlines	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
Patricia	B-PERSON
Whitfield	I-PERSON
at	O
the	O
CNN	B-ORG
center	O
in	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
/.	O


Now	O
back	O
to	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
/.	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
Frederica	B-PERSON
/.	O


Tuesday	B-DATE
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
set	O
to	O
deliver	O
a	O
prime	O
time	O
televised	O
address	O
to	O
the	O
nation	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
explain	O
US	B-GPE
policy	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


Polls	O
show	O
support	O
for	O
that	O
policy	O
down	O
dramatically	O
here	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/.	O


Just	O
a	O
short	O
while	O
ago	O
I	O
spoke	O
with	O
the	O
commander	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
central	O
command	O
General	O
John	B-PERSON
Abizaid	I-PERSON
about	O
the	O
challenges	O
of	O
battling	O
a	O
relentless	O
insurgency	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
a	O
lot	O
more	O
/.	O


General	O
Abizaid	B-PERSON
thanks	O
for	O
joining	O
us	O
/.	O


welcome	O
to	O
late	B-WORK_OF_ART
edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Pleasure	O
to	O
be	O
here	O
/.	O


More	O
suicide	O
bombings	O
and	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
individuals	O
killed	O
/.	O


Once	O
again	O
people	O
watching	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
have	O
to	O
ask	O
is	O
there	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
this	O
/?	O


Clearly	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
this	O
/.	O


the	O
end	O
comes	O
when	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
and	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
governance	O
come	O
together	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
able	O
to	O
dominate	O
the	O
insurgency	O
/.	O


the	O
end	O
comes	O
when	O
the	O
insurgency	O
clearly	O
understands	O
and	O
recognizes	O
that	O
they	O
ca	O
n't	O
achieve	O
any	O
progress	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
thing	O
they	O
can	O
achieve	O
is	O
killing	O
innocent	O
people	O
/.	O


And	O
so	O
I	O
am	O
very	O
uh	O
clear	O
in	O
my	O
understanding	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
moving	O
in	O
a	O
good	O
direction	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
politics	O
moves	O
forward	O
and	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
moves	O
forward	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
'm	O
also	O
very	O
realistic	O
in	O
understanding	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
violence	O
ahead	O
especially	O
as	O
we	O
move	O
through	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
and	O
the	O
insurgence	O
will	O
try	O
to	O
challenge	O
the	O
government	O
and	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
and	O
American	B-NORP
forces	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
break	O
our	O
will	O
and	O
they	O
do	O
this	O
by	O
grabbing	O
headlines	O
/.	O


So	O
what	O
I	O
hear	O
you	O
saying	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
military	O
alone	O
ca	O
n't	O
crush	O
this	O
insurgency	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
say	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
military	O
alone	O
ca	O
n't	O
crush	O
this	O
insurgency	O
/.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
make	O
clear	O
that	O
crushing	O
the	O
insurgency	O
has	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
politics	O
economics	O
military	O
activity	O
and	O
diplomatic	O
activity	O
/.	O


Would	O
it	O
make	O
any	O
difference	O
uh	O
let	O
me	O
rephrase	O
the	O
question	O
if	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
had	O
another	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
troops	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/?	O


what	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
number	O
of	O
troops	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


We	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
number	O
of	O
troops	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


We	O
have	O
to	O
build	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
so	O
they	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
taking	O
the	O
lead	O
in	O
the	O
counter-insurgency	O
operation	O
/.	O


The	O
strategy	O
really	O
is	O
pretty	O
simple	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
pretty	O
elegant	O
/.	O


and	O
general	O
Casey	B-PERSON
has	O
done	O
a	O
great	O
job	O
in	O
developing	O
it	O
/.	O


We	O
develop	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
/.	O


we	O
continue	O
to	O
give	O
them	O
experience	O
/.	O


we	O
connect	O
the	O
chain	O
of	O
command	O
/.	O


we	O
build	O
good	O
leadership	O
/.	O


and	O
over	O
time	O
they	O
take	O
the	O
lead	O
in	O
the	O
counter-insurgency	O
fight	O
/.	O


The	O
insurgents	O
ca	O
n't	O
beat	O
us	O
/.	O


we	O
are	O
very	O
strong	O
militarily	O
/.	O


there	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
some	O
notion	O
out	O
there	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
pushed	O
into	O
the	O
sea	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
anything	O
even	O
close	O
to	O
what	O
you	O
might	O
see	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
assume	O
they	O
think	O
that	O
if	O
they	O
keep	O
this	O
drum	O
beat	O
this	O
deadly	O
series	O
of	O
suicide	O
bombings	O
IED's	O
improvised	O
explosive	O
devices	O
,	O
if	O
they	O
just	O
keep	O
killing	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
individuals	O
Americans	B-NORP
and	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
,	O
eventually	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
public	O
will	O
get	O
fed	O
up	O
and	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
will	O
pull	O
out	O
/.	O


Look	O
/.	O


there	O
's	O
only	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
way	O
for	O
the	O
insurgents	O
to	O
win	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
to	O
drive	O
us	O
out	O
before	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
are	O
ready	O
to	O
assume	O
the	O
battle	O
space	O
/.	O


If	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
happens	O
they	O
could	O
win	O
/.	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
very	O
clear	O
to	O
me	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
stay	O
the	O
course	O
,	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
build	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
capacity	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
are	O
serious	O
about	O
being	O
partners	O
in	O
this	O
effort	O
and	O
they	O
're	O
very	O
serious	O
about	O
taking	O
over	O
the	O
effort	O
/.	O


The	O
insurgents	O
ca	O
n't	O
win	O
/.	O


The	O
vice	O
president	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
recently	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
insurgency	O
is	O
now	O
in	O
its	O
last	O
throes	O
/.	O


I	O
pressed	O
him	O
on	O
that	O
issue	O
when	O
I	O
interviewed	O
him	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
/.	O


Here	O
was	O
his	O
response	O
in	O
part	O
/.	O


If	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
what	O
the	O
dictionary	O
says	O
about	O
throes	O
it	O
can	O
still	O
be	O
a	O
violent	O
period	O
the	O
throes	O
of	O
a	O
revolution	O
/.	O


Is	O
the	O
insurgency	O
right	O
now	O
in	O
its	O
last	O
throes	O
/?	O


The	O
insurgency	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
no	O
-	O
win	O
position	O
/.	O


The	O
insurgency	O
can	O
cause	O
casualties	O
/.	O


They	O
can	O
grab	O
headlines	O
/.	O


But	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
politics	O
move	O
forward	O
in	O
a	O
positive	O
direction	O
that	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
legitimate	O
by	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
people	O
and	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
continue	O
to	O
develop	O
at	O
the	O
rate	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
developing	O
and	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
American	B-NORP
forces	O
continue	O
to	O
stay	O
there	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
strength	O
for	O
those	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
forces	O
as	O
they	O
develop	O
we	O
are	O
after	O
all	O
the	O
shield	O
behind	O
which	O
politics	O
takes	O
place	O
the	O
insurgency	O
wo	O
n't	O
make	O
it	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
been	O
discussion	O
already	O
as	O
you	O
well	O
know	O
of	O
a	O
quagmire	O
emerging	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


Senator	O
Kennedy	B-PERSON
suggested	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
quagmire	O
/.	O


the	O
defense	O
secretary	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Rumsfeld	I-PERSON
insists	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
quagmire	O
/.	O


listen	O
to	O
this	O
exchange	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
/.	O


We	O
are	O
in	O
serious	O
trouble	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


and	O
this	O
war	O
has	O
been	O
consistently	O
and	O
grossly	O
mismanaged	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
are	O
now	O
in	O
a	O
seemingly	O
intractable	O
quagmire	O
/.	O


Our	O
troops	O
are	O
dying	O
/.	O


And	O
there	O
really	O
is	O
no	O
end	O
in	O
sight	O
/.	O


There	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
person	O
at	O
this	O
table	O
who	O
agrees	O
with	O
you	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
in	O
a	O
quagmire	O
and	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
end	O
in	O
sight	O
/.	O


Give	O
us	O
your	O
assessment	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
very	O
interesting	O
that	O
we	O
testified	O
on	O
Capital	B-LOC
Hill	I-LOC
for	O
about	B-TIME
nine	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
and	O
we	O
take	O
the	O
nine	B-TIME
second	I-TIME
sound	O
bites	O
out	O
that	O
seem	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
most	O
headlines	O
/.	O


But	O
our	O
message	O
was	O
pretty	O
clear	O
across	O
the	O
board	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
making	O
progress	O
/.	O


The	O
insurgents	O
ca	O
n't	O
win	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
the	O
shield	O
behind	O
which	O
politics	O
and	O
the	O
develop	O
of	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
will	O
take	O
place	O
and	O
eventually	O
be	O
decisive	O
in	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
in	O
a	O
partnership	O
with	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
people	O
/.	O


People	O
seem	O
to	O
think	O
we	O
're	O
fighting	O
against	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
/.	O


Well	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
insurgents	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
fighting	O
against	O
/.	O


But	O
we	O
're	O
fighting	O
with	O
a	O
lot	O
more	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
day	O
by	O
day	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
're	O
giving	O
their	O
lives	O
in	O
the	O
defense	O
of	O
their	O
country	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
quagmire	O
/.	O


it	O
is	O
a	O
marathon	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
're	O
at	O
about	O
the	O
twenty	B-ORDINAL
-	I-ORDINAL
first	I-ORDINAL
mile	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
just	O
need	O
to	O
not	O
hit	O
the	O
wall	O
/.	O


We	O
need	O
to	O
get	O
through	O
till	O
the	O
end	O
/.	O


How	O
many	O
insurgents	O
are	O
there	O
/?	O


During	O
the	O
testimony	O
you	O
heard	O
that	O
the	O
maximum	O
number	O
was	O
about	B-CARDINAL
twenty	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


George	B-PERSON
Casey	I-PERSON
said	O
one	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
tenth	I-PERCENT
of	I-PERCENT
one	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
/.	O


But	O
you	O
got	O
to	O
understand	O
there	O
were	O
committed	O
people	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
people	O
that	O
support	O
the	O
insurgency	O
/.	O


When	O
politics	O
move	O
in	O
different	O
directions	O
the	O
numbers	O
go	O
up	O
/.	O


they	O
go	O
down	O
/.	O


uh	O
but	O
there	O
's	O
probably	O
about	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
foreign	O
fighters	O
and	O
about	O
somewhere	B-CARDINAL
less	I-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
ten	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
committed	O
insurgents	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
most	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
uh	O
mostly	O
western	O
part	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
area	O
and	O
uh	O
to	O
a	O
certain	O
extent	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
/.	O


They	O
ca	O
n't	O
beat	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
/.	O


They	O
can	O
cause	O
casualties	O
/.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
go	O
after	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
/.	O


they	O
go	O
after	O
civilians	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
cynical	O
strategy	O
I	O
've	O
ever	O
seen	O
/.	O


They	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
successful	O
/.	O


they	O
ca	O
n't	O
win	O
/.	O


The	O
uh	O
ranking	O
democrat	B-NORP
on	O
the	O
senate	O
foreign	O
relations	O
committee	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Biden	I-PERSON
was	O
just	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


He	O
came	O
back	O
gave	O
a	O
speech	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
/.	O


He	O
said	O
of	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
or	I-CARDINAL
so	I-CARDINAL
Iraqi	B-NORP
battalions	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
training	O
only	O
three	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
right	O
now	O
are	O
fully	O
capable	O
of	O
going	O
out	O
and	O
are	O
battle	O
tested	O
and	O
battle	O
ready	O
/.	O


is	O
that	O
true	O
/?	O


Well	O
he	O
was	O
shown	O
a	O
chart	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
can	O
always	O
look	O
at	O
a	O
chart	O
differently	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
chart	O
said	O
that	O
three	B-CARDINAL
battalions	O
were	O
theoretically	O
independent	O
capable	O
of	O
independent	O
operations	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
not	O
really	O
a	O
good	O
description	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
armed	O
forces	O
are	O
doing	O
/.	O


Up	O
in	O
the	O
North	B-LOC
there	O
's	O
two	B-CARDINAL
divisions	O
that	O
are	O
fighting	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
/.	O


there	O
's	O
a	O
division	O
that	O
is	O
fighting	O
down	O
in	O
the	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
area	O
/.	O


there	O
is	O
a	O
growing	O
capability	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
effective	O
against	O
the	O
insurgency	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
should	O
not	O
underestimate	O
their	O
improvement	O
/.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
ready	O
to	O
stand	O
alone	O
yet	O
/.	O


but	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
/.	O


Just	O
ahead	O
more	O
of	O
my	O
conversation	O
with	O
General	O
Abizaid	B-PERSON
including	O
his	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
morale	O
of	O
US	B-GPE
troops	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
around	O
the	B-LOC
middle	I-LOC
east	I-LOC
/.	O


Then	O
we	O
'll	O
hear	O
from	O
a	O
key	O
US	B-GPE
lawmaker	O
who	O
's	O
questioning	O
the	O
strategy	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
democratic	O
senator	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Levin	I-PERSON
/.	O


Plus	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
president	O
Emile	B-PERSON
Lahoud	I-PERSON
talks	O
about	O
the	O
political	O
unrest	O
in	O
his	O
country	O
and	O
what	O
it	O
could	O
mean	O
for	O
the	O
entire	O
mid	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
east	I-LOC
region	O
/.	O


Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
continues	O
right	O
after	O
this	O
/.	O


Our	O
web	O
question	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
asks	O
this	O
should	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
set	O
a	O
timetable	O
for	O
withdrawing	O
troops	O
from	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/?	O


You	O
can	O
cast	O
your	O
vote	O
/.	O


Go	O
to	O
CNN	O
dot	O
com	O
slash	O
late	O
edition	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
have	O
the	O
results	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
this	O
program	O
/.	O


Up	O
next	O
more	O
on	O
my	O
interview	O
with	O
general	O
John	B-PERSON
Abizaid	I-PERSON
/.	O


He	O
'll	O
talk	O
about	O
training	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
troops	O
/.	O


when	O
will	O
they	O
be	O
ready	O
to	O
move	O
ahead	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
watching	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	O
last	O
word	O
in	O
Sunday	B-DATE
talk	O
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


We	O
return	O
now	O
to	O
my	O
interview	O
with	O
the	O
commander	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
central	O
command	O
general	O
John	B-PERSON
Abizaid	I-PERSON
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
what	O
the	O
economist	O
magazine	O
wrote	O
about	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
military	O
in	O
the	O
June	B-DATE
twentieth	I-DATE
issue	O
/.	O


Corrupt	O
patchily	O
trained	O
and	O
equipped	O
often	O
abysmally	O
led	O
and	O
devoid	O
of	O
confidence	O
/.	O


Most	O
army	O
units	O
can	O
not	O
operate	O
above	O
platoon	O
size	O
/.	O


Between	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
and	O
Americans	B-NORP
there	O
is	O
deep	O
mistrust	O
/.	O


Iraqi	B-NORP
units	O
billeted	O
on	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
bases	O
are	O
fenced	O
off	O
from	O
their	O
host	O
as	O
a	O
security	O
measure	O
/.	O


The	O
partnership	O
that	O
exists	O
between	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
units	O
and	O
American	B-NORP
units	O
is	O
certainly	O
much	O
stronger	O
and	O
much	O
more	O
robust	O
than	O
that	O
article	O
uh	O
would	O
indicate	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
agree	O
with	O
what	O
that	O
says	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
partnership	O
/.	O


There	O
is	O
good	O
coordination	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
/.	O


And	O
more	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
are	O
dying	O
on	O
the	O
battle	O
field	O
fighting	O
for	O
their	O
country	O
against	O
the	O
insurgency	O
than	O
Americans	B-NORP
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
point	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
understand	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
to	O
respect	O
them	O
for	O
fighting	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
fighting	O
/.	O


Just	O
look	O
at	O
how	O
things	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
army	O
in	O
seventeen	B-DATE
seventy	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
seventeen	B-DATE
seventy	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
as	O
we	O
think	O
about	O
the	O
fourth	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
July	I-DATE
holiday	O
ahead	O
of	O
us	O
/.	O


we	O
had	O
a	O
terrible	O
time	O
getting	O
our	O
act	O
together	O
to	O
win	O
against	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
/.	O


but	O
ultimately	O
we	O
did	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
with	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
armed	O
forces	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


They	O
need	O
time	O
/.	O


they	O
need	O
help	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
giving	O
them	O
/.	O


The	B-ORG
Sunday	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
London	I-ORG
has	O
a	O
piece	O
today	B-DATE
suggesting	O
that	O
there	O
has	O
emerged	O
a	O
dialog	O
of	O
discussions	O
between	O
US	B-GPE
officials	O
and	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
insurgents	O
/.	O


is	O
that	O
true	O
/?	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
that	O
I	O
would	O
characterize	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
dialog	O
between	O
US	B-GPE
officials	O
and	O
insurgents	O
/.	O


I	O
would	O
say	O
that	O
US	B-GPE
officials	O
and	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
officials	O
are	O
looking	O
for	O
the	O
right	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
Sunni	B-NORP
community	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
insure	O
that	O
the	O
Sunni	B-NORP
Arab	I-NORP
community	O
becomes	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
/.	O


And	O
clearly	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
insurgents	O
are	O
from	O
the	O
Sunni	B-NORP
Arab	I-NORP
community	O
/.	O


It	O
makes	O
sense	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
them	O
/.	O


we	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
compromise	O
with	O
Zarqawi	B-PERSON
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
will	O
look	O
for	O
opportunities	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
how	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
Sunni	B-NORP
Arab	I-NORP
community	O
into	O
the	O
political	O
fold	O
/.	O


and	O
when	O
we	O
do	O
that	O
and	O
they	O
participate	O
in	O
a	O
peaceful	O
way	O
I	O
think	O
Iraq	B-GPE
will	O
really	O
start	O
moving	O
in	O
a	O
positive	O
direction	O
/.	O


I	O
sense	O
that	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Musab	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Zarqawi	I-PERSON
terrorist	O
number	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
still	O
on	O
the	O
loose	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


but	O
is	O
he	O
/-	O


do	O
you	O
have	O
any	O
idea	O
where	O
he	O
is	O
/?	O


we	O
certainly	O
have	O
some	O
ideas	O
where	O
he	O
operates	O
/.	O


we	O
know	O
where	O
his	O
networks	O
are	O
/.	O


we	O
put	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
pressure	O
on	O
his	O
networks	O
/.	O


We	O
've	O
been	O
pretty	O
successful	O
here	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
several	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
working	O
against	O
his	O
networks	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
only	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
time	O
for	O
Zarqawi	B-PERSON
/.	O


Can	O
you	O
give	O
us	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
where	O
he	O
might	O
be	O
the	O
north	O
the	O
south	O
the	O
east	O
the	O
west	O
/?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
ever	O
serves	O
any	O
purpose	O
when	O
a	O
military	O
commander	O
tells	O
the	O
international	O
world	O
the	O
internal	O
community	O
where	O
a	O
particular	O
enemy	O
might	O
be	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
uh	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
good	O
idea	O
/.	O


we	O
know	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
doing	O
in	O
our	O
efforts	O
,	O
how	O
to	O
get	O
him	O
/.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
also	O
stress	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
about	O
one	B-CARDINAL
man	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
about	O
his	O
network	O
/.	O


His	O
network	O
exists	O
inside	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


It	O
's	O
connected	O
to	O
Al	O
-	O
Queda	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
got	O
facilitation	O
nodes	O
in	O
Syria	B-GPE
/.	O


It	O
brings	O
foreign	O
fighters	O
in	O
from	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
and	O
North	B-LOC
Africa	I-LOC
/.	O


It	O
is	O
connected	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
and	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
in	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
/.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
global	O
battle	O
that	O
we	O
face	O
/.	O


The	O
Zarqawi	B-PERSON
part	O
of	O
the	O
network	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
taken	O
down	O
/.	O


He	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
captured	O
or	O
killed	O
/.	O


But	O
we	O
should	O
understand	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
long	O
war	O
ahead	O
of	O
us	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
difficult	O
enemy	O
that	O
we	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
fight	O
over	O
time	O
throughout	O
the	O
region	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
agree	O
with	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
assessment	O
and	O
a	O
recent	O
assessment	O
that	O
the	O
terrorist	O
training	O
ground	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
effectively	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
more	O
effective	O
training	O
ground	O
for	O
Al	O
-	O
Queda	O
and	O
for	O
international	O
terrorists	O
than	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
under	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
ever	O
was	O
/?	O


No	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
agree	O
with	O
it	O
/.	O


The	O
terrorist	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
train	O
organize	O
operate	O
and	O
strike	O
wherever	O
they	O
can	O
find	O
a	O
safe	O
haven	O
/.	O


they	O
are	O
certainly	O
fighting	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


I	O
would	O
tell	O
you	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
a	O
young	O
Saudi	B-NORP
that	O
decides	O
to	O
volunteer	O
for	O
the	O
Jihad	O
and	O
you	O
come	O
into	O
Iraq	B-GPE
the	O
chances	O
are	O
extremely	O
good	O
that	O
you	O
'll	O
never	O
come	O
back	O
from	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


And	O
so	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
for	O
foreign	O
fighters	O
is	O
really	O
phenomenal	O
/.	O


the	O
place	O
where	O
terrorism	O
really	O
can	O
get	O
established	O
is	O
in	O
places	O
that	O
are	O
ungoverned	O
spaces	O
that	O
are	O
like	O
between	O
the	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
Pakistan	B-GPE
border	O
area	O
in	O
the	O
horn	O
of	O
Africa	B-LOC
down	O
in	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
Arabian	B-NORP
principle	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
should	O
not	O
kid	O
ourselves	O
that	O
Iraq	B-GPE
somehow	O
or	O
other	O
has	O
made	O
a	O
difference	O
/.	O


Iraq	B-GPE
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
battle	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
central	O
in	O
the	O
battle	O
/.	O


Uh	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
the	O
only	O
battle	O
/.	O


Is	O
it	O
time	O
to	O
reconsider	O
women	O
American	B-NORP
women	O
in	O
combat	O
in	O
the	O
aftermath	O
of	O
what	O
happened	O
this	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
/?	O


More	O
American	B-NORP
women	O
died	O
in	O
combat	O
were	O
injured	O
I	O
believe	O
in	O
any	O
time	O
since	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
Two	I-EVENT
/.	O


No	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
time	O
to	O
reconsider	O
/.	O


you	O
're	O
happy	O
with	O
the	O
rules	O
that	O
exist	O
right	O
now	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
women	O
are	O
concerned	O
/?	O


our	O
armed	O
forces	O
are	O
better	O
than	O
they	O
've	O
ever	O
been	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
made	O
up	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
are	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
how	O
we	O
fight	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
how	O
we	O
do	O
our	O
business	O
/.	O


We	O
need	O
to	O
keep	O
them	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
are	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
're	O
being	O
quite	O
successful	O
/.	O


The	O
CIA	B-ORG
director	O
Porter	B-PERSON
Goss	I-PERSON
recently	O
said	O
he	O
has	O
an	O
excellent	O
idea	O
where	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
is	O
/.	O


do	O
you	O
/?	O


We	O
have	O
a	O
clear	O
understanding	O
of	O
where	O
the	O
Al	O
-	O
Queda	O
senior	O
leadership	O
operates	O
in	O
a	O
very	O
very	O
large	O
geographic	O
area	O
between	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
and	O
Pakistani	B-NORP
border	O
area	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
would	O
say	O
that	O
's	O
about	O
the	O
best	O
I	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
in	O
answering	O
that	O
question	O
/.	O


I	O
heard	O
your	O
testimony	O
this	O
week	O
before	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
/.	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
play	O
for	O
you	O
what	O
I	O
thought	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
most	O
alarming	O
words	O
I	O
heard	O
from	O
you	O
/.	O


Listen	O
to	O
this	O
/.	O


When	O
my	O
soldiers	O
say	O
to	O
me	O
and	O
ask	O
me	O
the	O
question	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
they	O
've	O
got	O
support	O
from	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
or	O
not	O
that	O
worries	O
me	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
're	O
starting	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


What	O
did	O
you	O
mean	O
by	O
that	O
/?	O


we	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
fight	O
this	O
war	O
looking	O
over	O
our	O
shoulder	O
worrying	O
about	O
support	O
back	O
home	O
/.	O


We	O
need	O
to	O
know	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
support	O
back	O
home	O
/.	O


American	B-NORP
soldiers	O
fight	O
best	O
when	O
they	O
know	O
the	O
people	O
back	O
home	O
are	O
behind	O
them	O
/.	O


We	O
are	O
fighting	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
right	O
reasons	O
against	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
despicable	O
and	O
dangerous	O
enemies	O
this	O
nation	O
has	O
ever	O
faced	O
/.	O


We	O
need	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
are	O
with	O
us	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
public	O
strongly	O
supports	O
the	O
troops	O
/.	O


what	O
they	O
're	O
concerned	O
about	O
is	O
the	O
war	O
/.	O


The	O
most	O
recent	O
CNN	B-ORG
USA	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
Gallup	B-ORG
poll	O
uh	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
numbers	O
have	O
gone	O
down	O
to	O
thirty	B-PERCENT
nine	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
favor	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
compared	O
to	O
seventy	B-PERCENT
one	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
shortly	O
after	O
major	O
combat	O
operations	O
were	O
over	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
disturbing	O
element	O
I	O
assume	O
for	O
you	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
the	O
demoralization	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
/.	O


the	O
only	O
thing	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
is	O
when	O
I	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
field	O
the	O
soldiers	O
are	O
uniformly	O
confident	O
about	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
face	O
this	O
enemy	O
make	O
Iraq	B-GPE
Afghanistan	B-GPE
whatever	O
area	O
they	O
happen	O
to	O
be	O
operating	O
in	O
better	O
defeat	O
the	O
terrorist	O
wherever	O
they	O
find	O
them	O
and	O
they	O
all	O
understand	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
time	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
sprint	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
marathon	O
/.	O


We	O
need	O
people	O
to	O
understand	O
it	O
will	O
take	O
time	O
but	O
that	O
ultimately	O
we	O
will	O
prevail	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
final	O
question	O
/.	O


now	O
you	O
're	O
command	O
of	O
central	O
command	O
has	O
the	O
whole	O
middle	B-LOC
east	I-LOC
/.	O


uh	O
the	O
new	O
president	O
elected	O
of	O
Iran	B-GPE
he	O
's	O
considered	O
a	O
hard	O
liner	O
/.	O


what	O
if	O
anything	O
from	O
the	O
military	O
's	O
perspective	O
does	O
this	O
mean	O
for	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/?	O


I	O
'm	O
really	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
position	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
newly	O
elected	O
president	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
much	O
about	O
him	O
/.	O


Iran	B-GPE
's	O
an	O
important	O
player	O
in	O
the	O
overall	O
scheme	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
/.	O


We	O
need	O
to	O
have	O
them	O
working	O
towards	O
stability	O
in	O
both	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
and	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


and	O
we	O
're	O
hopeful	O
that	O
under	O
the	O
new	O
leadership	O
that	O
they	O
'll	O
continue	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
General	O
for	O
joining	O
us	O
/.	O


good	O
luck	O
/.	O


If	O
I	O
could	O
just	O
say	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
on	O
this	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
July	I-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
,	O
if	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
mind	O
me	O
saying	O
it	O
.	O
I	O
would	O
really	O
just	O
ask	O
people	O
as	O
they	O
're	O
gathered	O
with	O
friends	O
and	O
families	O
to	O
remember	O
our	O
young	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
overseas	O
fighting	O
/.	O


Uh	O
our	O
young	O
people	O
are	O
doing	O
a	O
great	O
job	O
/.	O


they	O
're	O
really	O
the	O
finest	O
generation	O
we	O
've	O
ever	O
put	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
I	O
can	O
testify	O
to	O
that	O
/.	O


I	O
was	O
with	O
you	O
only	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
couple	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
region	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
saw	O
first	B-ORDINAL
hand	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
doing	O
/.	O


Appreciate	O
it	O
/.	O


Thanks	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
/.	O


And	O
up	O
next	O
we	O
'll	O
get	O
a	O
quick	O
check	O
of	O
what	O
's	O
in	O
the	O
news	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


Then	O
is	O
it	O
time	O
for	O
US	B-GPE
troops	O
to	O
leave	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/?	O


We	O
'll	O
ask	O
the	O
top	O
democrat	B-NORP
on	O
the	B-ORG
senate	I-ORG
arms	I-ORG
services	I-ORG
committee	I-ORG
Karl	B-PERSON
Levitt	I-PERSON
/.	O


He	O
's	O
standing	O
by	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


Hello	O
I	O
'm	O
Frederica	B-PERSON
Whitfield	I-PERSON
with	O
these	O
headlines	O
at	O
this	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
/.	O


Iran	B-GPE
's	O
president	O
-	O
elect	O
says	O
Iran	B-GPE
does	O
not	O
need	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
to	O
help	O
it	O
become	O
more	O
self	O
-	O
reliant	O
/.	O


He	O
also	O
vowed	O
to	O
pursue	O
a	O
peaceful	O
nuclear	O
program	O
and	O
said	O
his	O
government	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
extremist	O
/.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
has	O
criticized	O
Iran	B-GPE
's	O
recent	O
election	O
as	O
a	O
sham	O
/.	O


Five	B-CARDINAL
suspects	O
held	O
in	O
the	O
disappearance	O
of	O
Alabaman	B-NORP
teen	O
Natalie	B-PERSON
Halloway	I-PERSON
are	O
inside	O
an	O
Aruba	B-GPE
Courtroom	O
this	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
/.	O


A	O
judge	O
is	O
deciding	O
whether	O
police	O
can	O
continue	O
to	O
detain	O
them	O
in	O
present	O
/.	O


Experience	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
CNN	B-ORG
video	O
on	O
your	O
computer	O
/.	O


Log	O
onto	O
CNN	O
dot	O
com	O
click	O
on	O
the	O
video	O
link	O
and	O
browse	O
for	O
the	O
video	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
/.	O


Watch	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
whenever	O
you	O
want	O
free	O
at	O
CNN	O
dot	O
com	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
Patricia	B-PERSON
Whitfield	I-PERSON
/.	O


More	O
headlines	O
at	O
the	B-TIME
top	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
/.	O


Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
returns	O
right	O
after	O
this	O
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
Blitzer	I-PERSON
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
/.	O


Joining	O
us	O
now	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
the	O
top	O
democrat	B-NORP
on	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Arms	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
Karl	B-PERSON
Levit	I-PERSON
of	O
Michigan	B-GPE
/.	O


He	O
's	O
also	O
a	O
key	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Select	I-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
committee	I-ORG
/.	O


Senator	O
Levin	B-PERSON
welcome	O
back	O
to	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Great	O
to	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
/.	O


You	O
just	O
heard	O
General	O
Abizaid	B-PERSON
say	O
that	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
is	O
now	O
at	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
mile	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
in	O
a	O
marathon	O
/.	O


As	O
far	O
as	O
dealing	O
with	O
the	O
insurgency	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
there	O
are	O
twenty	B-QUANTITY
six	I-QUANTITY
point	I-QUANTITY
two	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
in	O
a	O
marathon	O
/.	O


by	O
my	O
math	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
what	O
about	O
seventy	B-PERCENT
five	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
way	O
there	O
/?	O


That	O
sounds	O
pretty	O
upbeat	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
very	O
upbeat	O
assessment	O
/.	O


Uh	O
I	O
hope	O
it	O
's	O
realistic	O
/.	O


When	O
he	O
testified	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
us	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
sound	O
that	O
way	O
quite	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
/.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
insurgency	O
has	O
not	O
declined	O
/.	O


Uh	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
an	O
increased	O
number	O
of	O
Jihadist	B-NORP
coming	O
across	O
the	O
border	O
into	O
Iraq	B-GPE
to	O
fight	O
/.	O


Uh	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
sound	O
like	O
decline	O
to	O
me	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
dynamic	O
which	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
ought	O
to	O
say	O
is	O
acceptable	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
status	O
quo	O
to	O
me	O
is	O
just	O
simply	O
not	O
working	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
current	O
dynamic	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
ways	O
/.	O


Vice	O
President	O
also	O
as	O
you	O
know	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
several	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
has	O
had	O
an	O
upbeat	O
assessment	O
/.	O


I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
what	O
he	O
told	O
Larry	B-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
and	O
what	O
he	O
told	O
me	O
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
/.	O


Listen	O
to	O
this	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
excerpts	O
from	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
they	O
're	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
throes	O
if	O
you	O
will	O
of	O
the	O
insurgency	O
/.	O


we	O
've	O
/-	O


If	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
what	O
the	O
dictionary	O
says	O
about	O
throes	O
it	O
can	O
still	O
be	O
a	O
you	O
know	O
violent	O
period	O
the	O
throes	O
of	O
a	O
revolution	O
/.	O


He	O
does	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
backing	O
away	O
from	O
those	O
controversial	O
comments	O
the	O
last	O
throes	O
of	O
the	O
insurgency	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
privy	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
intelligence	O
as	O
both	O
the	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
armed	B-ORG
services	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
intelligence	B-ORG
committees	O
/.	O


what	O
's	O
your	O
bottom	O
line	O
assessment	O
/?	O


Well	O
the	O
bottom	O
line	O
is	O
that	O
that	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
is	O
a	O
rosy	O
colored	O
scenario	O
/.	O


just	O
the	O
way	O
going	O
into	O
Iraq	B-GPE
was	O
rose	O
colored	O
/.	O


Uh	O
when	O
he	O
relies	O
on	O
the	O
dictionary	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
word	O
throes	O
he	O
's	O
leaving	O
out	O
the	O
word	O
that	O
he	O
put	O
before	O
throes	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
word	O
last	O
/.	O


He	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
last	O
throes	O
of	O
the	O
insurgency	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
to	O
just	O
have	O
his	O
eyes	O
closed	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
reality	O
is	O
over	O
there	O
/.	O


Our	O
troops	O
deserve	O
the	O
most	O
objective	O
clearest	O
assessment	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
possibly	O
get	O
/.	O


They	O
are	O
tremendous	O
people	O
/.	O


The	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
over	O
there	O
in	O
harm	O
's	O
way	O
deserve	O
everything	O
we	O
can	O
provide	O
for	O
them	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
includes	O
the	O
most	O
realistic	O
assessment	O
we	O
can	O
give	O
them	O
/.	O


To	O
suggest	O
that	O
this	O
insurgency	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
throes	O
flies	O
right	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
the	O
testimony	O
of	O
our	O
leaders	O
which	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
us	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	O
also	O
the	O
testimony	O
for	O
instance	O
of	O
the	O
uh	O
spokesman	O
for	O
the	O
central	O
command	O
who	O
said	O
that	O
this	O
insurgency	O
is	O
not	O
declining	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
jihadist	B-NORP
coming	O
across	O
the	O
border	O
is	O
increasing	O
/.	O


But	O
you	O
will	O
acknowledge	O
that	O
General	O
Abizaid	B-PERSON
at	O
least	O
this	O
morning	B-TIME
here	O
on	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
seemed	O
to	O
get	O
close	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
vice	O
president	O
is	O
saying	O
when	O
he	O
said	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
is	O
at	O
mile	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
in	O
a	O
twenty	B-QUANTITY
six	I-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
marathon	O
/.	O


Alright	O
well	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
run	O
a	O
marathon	O
/.	O


Uh	O
you	O
probably	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
uh	O
for	O
your	O
self	O
/.	O


But	O
uh	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
a	O
marathoner	O
/.	O


But	O
nonetheless	O
the	B-TIME
last	I-TIME
five	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
the	B-QUANTITY
last	I-QUANTITY
five	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
I	O
understand	O
are	O
the	O
toughest	O
/.	O


I	O
hope	O
we	O
're	O
at	O
mile	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


But	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
I	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
from	O
the	O
casualty	O
numbers	O
which	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
even	O
getting	O
worse	O
/.	O


And	O
what	O
General	O
Abizaid	B-PERSON
also	O
said	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
was	O
that	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
keeps	O
moving	O
along	O
that	O
then	O
there	O
's	O
some	O
real	O
hope	O
that	O
there	O
'll	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
conclusion	O
fairly	O
soon	O
but	O
in	O
order	O
for	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
to	O
move	O
along	O
that	O
means	O
that	O
there	O
must	O
be	O
a	O
constitution	O
which	O
is	O
agreed	O
upon	O
by	O
August	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
fifteenth	I-DATE
/.	O


Uh	O
there	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
six	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
extension	O
permitted	O
/.	O


but	O
that	O
's	O
it	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
timetable	O
which	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
have	O
set	O
for	O
themselves	O
and	O
accepted	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
must	O
insist	O
it	O
/.	O


And	O
this	O
administration	O
must	O
insist	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
hope	O
the	O
President	O
will	O
insist	O
on	O
Tuesday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
that	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
live	O
up	O
to	O
that	O
timetable	O
because	O
if	O
that	O
political	O
process	O
does	O
not	O
move	O
along	O
on	O
that	O
timetable	O
the	O
military	O
solution	O
can	O
not	O
solve	O
this	O
problem	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
ought	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
the	O
administration	O
that	O
we	O
expect	O
them	O
to	O
live	O
up	O
to	O
that	O
timetable	O
August	B-DATE
fifteenth	I-DATE
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
six	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
extension	O
/.	O


Elections	O
/.	O


first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
approval	O
of	O
the	O
Constitution	B-LAW
by	O
the	O
people	O
then	O
elections	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


and	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
told	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
make	O
an	O
open	O
-	O
ended	O
commitment	O
to	O
you	O
/.	O


We	O
can	O
not	O
stay	O
there	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
secretary	O
of	O
state	B-ORG
Rice	B-PERSON
said	O
we	O
'll	O
stay	O
there	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
they	O
need	O
us	O
/.	O


That	O
is	O
too	O
open	O
-	O
ended	O
/.	O


They	O
should	O
be	O
told	O
that	O
we	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
reconsider	O
our	O
position	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
live	O
up	O
to	O
your	O
time	O
table	O
including	O
the	O
withdrawal	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
forces	O
/.	O


That	O
to	O
me	O
is	O
the	O
key	O
/.	O


But	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
calling	O
for	O
a	O
timetable	O
directly	O
right	O
now	O
as	O
some	O
other	O
democratic	B-NORP
and	O
even	O
a	O
few	O
republican	B-NORP
colleagues	O
are	O
suggesting	O
that	O
there	O
should	O
be	O
a	O
timetable	O
/.	O


you	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
that	O
far	O
/?	O


No	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
saying	O
that	O
we	O
should	O
set	O
the	O
timetable	O
now	O
/.	O


What	O
I	O
am	O
saying	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
critically	O
important	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
should	O
tell	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
not	O
just	O
that	O
we	O
expect	O
them	O
to	O
live	O
up	O
to	O
their	O
own	O
timetable	O
for	O
adopting	O
a	O
constitution	O
but	O
that	O
if	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
live	O
up	O
to	O
that	O
timetable	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
hope	O
for	O
defeating	O
the	O
insurgency	O
,	O
if	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
live	O
up	O
to	O
their	O
own	O
timetable	O
we	O
would	O
then	O
have	O
to	O
consider	O
all	O
options	O
including	O
but	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
removal	O
of	O
our	O
troops	O
/.	O


The	O
defense	B-ORG
secretary	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Rumsfeld	I-PERSON
testified	O
before	O
other	O
committees	O
in	O
congress	B-ORG
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
/.	O


uh	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
about	O
the	O
readiness	O
of	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
troops	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


Today	B-DATE
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
trained	O
battalions	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
conducting	O
anti-insurgent	O
operations	O
albeit	O
with	O
coalition	O
support	O
/.	O


Now	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
dispute	O
that	O
/?	O


No	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
number	O
that	O
can	O
operate	O
independently	O
which	O
is	O
just	O
a	O
few	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
key	O
issue	O
/.	O


They	O
can	O
work	O
with	O
us	O
and	O
be	O
with	O
us	O
/.	O


but	O
how	O
many	O
can	O
handle	O
the	O
insurgents	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
/?	O


It	O
's	O
very	O
few	O
/.	O


the	O
reports	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
printed	O
say	O
three	B-CARDINAL
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
uh	O
want	O
the	O
defense	B-ORG
secretary	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Rumsfeld	I-PERSON
like	O
senator	O
Kennedy	B-PERSON
does	O
to	O
resign	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
problem	O
is	O
the	O
policy	O
that	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
is	O
implementing	O
/.	O


If	O
I	O
thought	O
his	O
resignation	O
would	O
change	O
the	O
policies	O
and	O
would	O
help	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
course	O
and	O
change	O
the	O
dynamic	O
then	O
I	O
would	O
favor	O
him	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
so	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
problem	O
here	O
that	O
we	O
've	O
had	O
right	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
is	O
overly	O
optimistic	O
predictions	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
what	O
would	O
happen	O
if	O
we	O
attacked	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
these	O
policies	O
which	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
changed	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
resignation	O
does	O
not	O
effectuate	O
the	O
change	O
in	O
policy	O
/.	O


so	O
I	O
'm	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
policies	O
and	O
what	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
to	O
change	O
those	O
policies	O
/.	O


You	O
heard	O
General	O
Abizaid	B-PERSON
also	O
express	O
concern	O
about	O
the	O
morale	O
if	O
you	O
will	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
men	O
and	O
women	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
elsewhere	O
/.	O


Increasingly	O
he	O
's	O
being	O
asked	O
questions	O
whether	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
are	O
behind	O
them	O
support	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
doing	O
/.	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
as	O
a	O
concerned	O
critic	O
of	O
the	O
policy	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
deal	O
with	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
uh	O
situation	O
/?	O


By	O
telling	O
the	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
how	O
much	O
we	O
're	O
determined	O
to	O
support	O
them	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
they	O
're	O
there	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
also	O
determined	O
to	O
be	O
constructive	O
critics	O
of	O
the	O
policies	O
which	O
not	O
only	O
sent	O
them	O
there	O
uh	O
unequipped	O
and	O
without	O
the	O
international	O
support	O
and	O
without	O
plans	O
for	O
the	O
aftermath	O
/.	O


Uh	O
those	O
chickens	O
are	O
coming	O
home	O
to	O
roost	O
constantly	O
/.	O


But	O
constructive	O
critics	O
of	O
the	O
policies	O
nonetheless	O
are	O
totally	O
committed	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
in	O
our	O
military	O
/.	O


They	O
deserve	O
no	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
best	O
thinking	O
the	O
most	O
realistic	O
thinking	O
that	O
we	O
provide	O
them	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
entitled	O
to	O
that	O
/.	O


and	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
I	O
'm	O
concerned	O
the	O
critics	O
are	O
determined	O
that	O
this	O
time	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
,	O
this	O
time	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
our	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
are	O
there	O
everything	O
we	O
possibly	O
can	O
do	O
to	O
support	O
them	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
including	O
realistic	O
thinking	O
and	O
constructive	O
criticism	O
/.	O


A	O
final	O
question	O
uh	O
Senator	O
/.	O


On	O
the	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
controversy	O
that	O
erupted	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
the	O
deputy	O
white	B-ORG
house	I-ORG
chief	O
of	O
staff	O
said	O
this	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
/.	O


I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
listen	O
/.	O


Conservatives	O
saw	O
the	O
savagery	O
of	O
nine	B-EVENT
eleven	I-EVENT
and	O
the	O
attacks	O
and	O
prepared	O
for	O
war	O
/.	O


Liberals	O
saw	O
the	O
savagery	O
of	O
the	O
nine	B-EVENT
eleven	I-EVENT
attacks	O
and	O
wanted	O
to	O
prepare	O
indictments	O
and	O
offer	O
therapy	O
and	O
understanding	O
to	O
our	O
attackers	O
/.	O


uh	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
insists	O
he	O
was	O
referring	O
to	O
moveon	B-ORG
dot	I-ORG
org	I-ORG
and	O
Micheal	B-PERSON
Moore	I-PERSON
/.	O


uh	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
say	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
what	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
said	O
/?	O


Well	O
the	O
context	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
opposition	O
to	O
this	O
administration	O
is	O
somehow	O
or	O
another	O
weak	O
and	O
does	O
n't	O
respond	O
to	O
terrorism	O
/.	O


I	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
shameful	O
/.	O


They	O
ought	O
to	O
apologize	O
for	O
it	O
/.	O


President	O
ought	O
to	O
disown	O
it	O
/.	O


Um	O
and	O
uh	O
it	O
is	O
just	O
so	O
disgraceful	O
to	O
split	O
Americans	B-NORP
to	O
divide	O
Americans	B-NORP
for	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
perceived	O
political	O
gain	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
backfires	O
when	O
something	O
like	O
that	O
is	O
done	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
hope	O
that	O
the	O
uh	O
president	O
would	O
disassociate	O
himself	O
and	O
tell	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
that	O
he	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
ashamed	O
of	O
himself	O
for	O
stooping	O
to	O
that	O
level	O
to	O
divide	O
us	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
pander	O
to	O
a	O
particular	O
audience	O
or	O
to	O
make	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
perceived	O
uh	O
political	O
gain	O
/.	O


Thank	O
god	O
those	O
kind	O
of	O
attacks	O
backfire	O
/.	O


Senator	O
Levin	B-PERSON
thanks	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
joining	O
us	O
on	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
/.	O


Up	O
next	O
political	O
winds	O
of	O
change	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
/.	O


I	O
'll	O
speak	O
with	O
that	O
country	O
's	O
President	O
Emile	B-PERSON
Lahoud	I-PERSON
/.	O


Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
will	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


An	O
ex-general	O
and	O
former	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Lebanese	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
president	O
Emile	B-PERSON
Lahoud	I-PERSON
himself	O
a	B-NORP
Maronite	I-NORP
Christian	I-NORP
has	O
been	O
in	O
power	O
since	O
nineteen	B-DATE
ninety	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
/.	O


With	O
his	O
term	O
set	O
to	O
expire	O
last	B-DATE
November	I-DATE
,	O
Syria	B-GPE
demanded	O
and	O
the	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
parliament	O
approved	O
a	O
constitutional	O
amendment	O
extending	O
his	O
presidency	O
till	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
/.	O


But	O
with	O
the	O
assassination	O
of	O
a	O
former	O
prime	O
minister	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
the	O
anti-Syrian	B-NORP
winds	O
of	O
political	O
change	O
are	O
blowing	O
/.	O


Earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
what	O
's	O
called	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
managed	O
to	O
dissolve	O
the	O
Syrian	B-NORP
backed	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
government	O
forced	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
Syrian	B-NORP
troops	O
and	O
called	O
for	O
new	O
elections	O
/.	O


The	O
opposition	O
movement	O
headed	O
by	O
son	O
Saud	B-PERSON
won	O
a	O
majority	O
in	O
parliament	O
in	O
the	O
elections	O
and	O
is	O
now	O
poised	O
to	O
lead	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
/.	O


Today	B-DATE
we	O
are	O
facing	O
a	O
new	O
era	O
in	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
/.	O


With	O
the	O
blame	O
focused	O
on	O
Damascus	B-GPE
and	O
pro-Syrian	B-NORP
Lebanese	B-NORP
officials	O
opposition	O
leaders	O
have	O
now	O
called	O
on	O
President	O
Lahoud	B-PERSON
to	O
resign	O
/.	O


Lahoud	B-PERSON
has	O
condemned	O
the	O
killings	O
insisting	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
responsible	O
for	O
them	O
/.	O


And	O
just	O
a	O
short	O
while	O
ago	O
I	O
spoke	O
with	O
president	O
Lahoud	B-PERSON
from	O
the	O
presidential	O
palace	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
/.	O


Mr.	O
President	O
thanks	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
joining	O
us	O
/.	O


Welcome	O
to	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


You	O
're	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
close	O
ally	O
of	O
Syria	B-GPE
/.	O


In	O
the	O
aftermath	O
of	O
the	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
elections	O
are	O
you	O
inclined	O
to	O
move	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
away	O
from	O
that	O
close	O
alliance	O
with	O
Syria	B-GPE
/?	O


At	O
first	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
historic	O
links	O
between	O
Syria	B-GPE
and	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
that	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
we	O
have	O
been	O
uh	O
on	O
very	O
friendly	O
terms	O
for	O
long	O
time	O
/.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
of	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
you	O
see	O
that	O
uh	O
we	O
have	O
the	O
sea	O
and	O
we	O
have	O
Syria	B-GPE
on	O
most	O
of	O
our	O
borders	O
and	O
uh	O
in	O
the	O
south	O
we	O
have	O
Israel	B-GPE
/.	O


So	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
very	O
good	O
terms	O
with	O
Syria	B-GPE
and	O
continue	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


Mr.	O
President	O
uh	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
assassinations	O
though	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
including	O
the	O
former	O
prime	O
minister	O
/.	O


Two	O
other	O
anti-Syrian	B-NORP
personalities	O
were	O
assassinated	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
/.	O


Many	O
see	O
the	O
hand	O
of	O
the	O
Syrian	B-NORP
government	O
behind	O
these	O
assassinations	O
/.	O


do	O
you	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
the	O
ones	O
that	O
did	O
this	O
abominable	O
assassination	O
uh	O
against	O
late	O
prime	O
minister	O
are	O
the	O
enemies	O
of	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
/.	O


And	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
harm	O
to	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
/.	O


And	O
who	O
could	O
be	O
the	O
enemies	O
who	O
benefited	O
from	O
that	O
/?	O


For	O
sure	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
nor	O
Syria	B-GPE
because	O
until	O
the	O
assassination	O
everything	O
was	O
fine	O
,	O
the	O
stability	O
and	O
security	O
were	O
at	O
its	O
best	O
according	O
to	O
Interpol	B-ORG
who	O
are	O
number	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
on	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
security	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
/.	O


And	O
what	O
happened	O
made	O
us	O
uh	O
go	O
back	O
because	O
we	O
lost	O
a	O
lot	O
by	O
it	O
and	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
that	O
nobody	O
harms	O
himself	O
/.	O


So	O
it	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
Syria	B-GPE
nor	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
/.	O


It	O
must	O
be	O
the	O
enemies	O
of	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
/.	O


Who	O
do	O
you	O
see	O
as	O
responsible	O
for	O
those	O
assassinations	O
therefore	O
/?	O


Well	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
/.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
we	O
had	O
troubles	O
as	O
you	O
know	O
a	O
few	O
years	O
back	O
with	O
the	O
fundamentalists	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
even	O
before	O
nine	B-EVENT
eleven	I-EVENT
we	O
had	O
uh	O
an	O
attack	O
on	O
our	O
soldiers	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
lost	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
them	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
had	O
to	O
react	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
put	O
them	O
in	O
prison	O
/.	O


That	O
was	O
before	O
the	B-EVENT
nine	I-EVENT
eleven	I-EVENT
/.	O


Eh	O
and	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
we	O
were	O
asked	O
why	O
we	O
did	O
that	O
/.	O


We	O
said	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
trying	O
to	O
unstable	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
/.	O


And	O
eh	O
another	O
thing	O
happened	O
only	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
assassination	O
of	O
president	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
was	O
when	O
uh	O
eh	O
uh	O
they	O
tried	O
to	O
put	O
a	O
bomb	O
in	O
the	O
uh	O
Italian	B-NORP
embassy	O
/.	O


So	O
are	O
you	O
accusing	O
Al	O
Queda	O
uh	O
Mr.	O
President	O
/?	O


Excuse	O
me	O
for	O
interrupting	O
/.	O


And	O
now	O
they	O
are	O
/-	O


Are	O
you	O
accusing	O
Al	O
Queda	O
of	O
being	O
responsible	O
/?	O


I	O
can	O
say	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
fundamentalist	O
group	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
who	O
they	O
belong	O
to	O
/.	O


but	O
uh	O
we	O
had	O
them	O
a	O
few	O
years	O
back	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
had	O
it	O
a	O
months	O
ago	O
/.	O


they	O
are	O
fundamentalists	O
/.	O


listen	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
spokesman	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
the	O
press	O
secretary	O
Scott	B-PERSON
McClellan	I-PERSON
said	O
on	O
June	B-DATE
tenth	I-DATE
/.	O


listen	O
to	O
this	O
/.	O


That	O
would	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
reasons	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
reports	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
been	O
hearing	O
about	O
for	O
some	O
time	O
about	O
a	O
Syrian	B-NORP
hit	O
list	O
targetting	O
key	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
public	O
figures	O
/.	O


He	O
suggests	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
Syrian	B-NORP
hit	O
list	O
targetting	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
politicians	O
/.	O


So	O
you	O
totally	O
disagree	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
on	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
Syrian	B-NORP
intelligence	O
may	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
these	O
assassinations	O
/.	O


I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
Syria	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
most	O
that	O
is	O
losing	O
uh	O
because	O
of	O
these	O
assassinations	O
/.	O


So	O
why	O
should	O
they	O
do	O
it	O
/?	O


Whereas	O
as	O
I	O
said	O
the	O
fundamentalist	O
who	O
tried	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
back	I-DATE
and	O
only	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
assassination	O
could	O
be	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
suspects	O
/.	O


Another	O
one	B-CARDINAL
could	O
be	O
our	O
permanent	O
enemy	O
/.	O


As	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
have	O
still	O
troubles	O
in	O
the	O
south	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
trying	O
again	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
've	O
had	O
assassinations	O
before	O
Mr.	O
/.	O


We	O
had	O
an	O
ex	O
uh	O
minister	O
/.	O


we	O
had	O
/.	O


we	O
had	O
/.	O


and	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
Israel	B-GPE
was	O
accused	O
/.	O


So	O
why	O
now	O
/?	O


They	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
accuse	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
and	O
Syria	B-GPE
/.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
observers	O
of	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
blame	O
Syria	B-GPE
's	O
interference	O
in	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
politics	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
most	O
recently	O
getting	O
the	O
parliament	O
to	O
extend	O
your	O
term	O
of	O
office	O
for	O
another	O
term	O
for	O
another	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
as	O
being	O
responsible	O
for	O
this	O
current	O
wave	O
of	O
anti-Syrian	B-NORP
attitudes	O
reflected	O
in	O
the	O
elections	O
that	O
have	O
occured	O
over	O
these	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
/.	O


Are	O
you	O
thinking	O
about	O
resigning	O
/?	O


For	O
sure	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
resigning	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
staying	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
my	O
term	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
I	O
was	O
elected	O
by	O
the	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
parliament	O
/.	O


The	O
ex-prime	O
minister	O
Mr.	O
uh	O
gave	O
me	O
his	O
votes	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


So	O
why	O
do	O
they	O
say	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
Syrians	B-NORP
that	O
did	O
that	O
/?	O


It	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
free	O
will	O
by	O
the	O
members	O
of	O
parliament	O
/.	O


The	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
secretary	O
general	O
said	O
this	O
recently	O
/.	O


He	O
said	O
we	O
are	O
now	O
receiving	O
reports	O
that	O
there	O
may	O
be	O
elements	O
that	O
are	O
still	O
there	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
are	O
considering	O
the	O
possible	O
return	O
of	O
the	O
verification	O
team	O
to	O
ascertain	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
Syrian	B-NORP
intelligence	O
agents	O
are	O
still	O
operating	O
inside	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
even	O
though	O
the	O
Syrian	B-NORP
military	O
has	O
withdrawn	O
/.	O


Have	O
Syrian	B-NORP
intelligence	O
operatives	O
left	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
fact	O
uh	O
finding	O
mission	O
by	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
that	O
is	O
looking	O
at	O
this	O
uh	O
subject	O
and	O
uh	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
reporting	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
/.	O


And	O
we	O
will	O
know	O
the	O
answer	O
/.	O


but	O
all	O
I	O
know	O
myself	O
is	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
have	O
withdrawn	O
with	O
their	O
intelligence	O
/.	O


And	O
now	O
there	O
is	O
nobody	O
of	O
the	O
Syrians	B-NORP
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
uh	O
you	O
will	O
hear	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
speculation	O
always	O
about	O
this	O
subject	O
but	O
never	O
eh	O
somebody	O
showing	O
any	O
proof	O
of	O
that	O
/.	O


The	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
security	O
council	O
resolution	O
fifteen	B-CARDINAL
fifty	I-CARDINAL
nine	I-CARDINAL
calls	O
and	O
I	O
'm	O
quoting	O
now	O
for	O
the	O
disbanding	O
and	O
disarmament	O
of	O
all	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
and	O
non-Lebanese	B-NORP
militias	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
want	O
the	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
militia	O
to	O
disarm	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
their	O
weapons	O
and	O
only	O
have	O
a	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
army	O
that	O
has	O
weapons	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
uh	O
matter	O
eh	O
eh	O
for	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
the	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
the	O
majority	O
of	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
consider	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
national	O
resistance	O
because	O
they	O
freed	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
of	O
Israel	B-GPE
/.	O


We	O
still	O
have	O
the	O
/.	O


And	O
this	O
subject	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
do	O
it	O
by	O
force	O
/.	O


it	O
must	O
have	O
a	O
consensus	O
between	O
the	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
/.	O


And	O
the	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
agree	O
on	O
that	O
/.	O


And	O
because	O
of	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
to	O
decide	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
done	O
by	O
force	O
/.	O


All	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
still	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
is	O
at	O
war	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
at	O
peace	O
/.	O


As	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
still	O
have	O
problems	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
have	O
n't	O
finished	O
/.	O


one	O
of	O
them	O
is	O
the	O
presentation	O
of	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
who	O
are	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
/.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
grave	O
problem	O
for	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
/.	O


Lebanese	B-NORP
consider	O
in	O
their	O
constitution	O
that	O
there	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
nor	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
any	O
partition	O
of	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
/.	O


So	O
all	O
these	O
problems	O
have	O
n't	O
finished	O
yet	O
/.	O


So	O
it	O
's	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
to	O
decide	O
between	O
themselves	O
and	O
not	O
do	O
it	O
by	O
force	O
/.	O


We	O
are	O
so	O
happy	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
reached	O
the	O
stability	O
that	O
many	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
envy	O
us	O
/.	O


so	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
lose	O
that	O
stability	O
/.	O


All	O
we	O
say	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
in	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
investigation	O
team	O
concerning	O
these	O
assassinations	O
will	O
get	O
to	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
just	O
between	O
brackets	O
before	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
I	O
had	O
asked	O
for	O
an	O
investigation	O
UN	B-ORG
team	O
to	O
come	O
and	O
when	O
they	O
will	O
come	O
reach	O
to	O
a	O
point	O
when	O
we	O
'll	O
know	O
whoever	O
is	O
doing	O
these	O
assassinations	O
/.	O


Then	O
the	O
truth	O
will	O
be	O
known	O
/.	O


And	O
be	O
sure	O
/.	O


there	O
are	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
against	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
/.	O


Mr.	O
President	O
unfortunately	O
we	O
're	O
all	O
out	O
of	O
time	O
/.	O


uh	O
thanks	O
for	O
spending	O
a	B-TIME
few	I-TIME
moments	I-TIME
with	O
us	O
here	O
on	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Were	O
you	O
saying	O
something	O
/?	O


Thank	O
you	O
/.	O


all	O
the	O
best	O
/.	O


thank	O
you	O
/.	O


And	O
do	O
n't	O
forget	O
our	O
web	O
question	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
/.	O


should	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
set	O
a	O
timetable	O
for	O
withdrawing	O
troops	O
from	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/?	O


Log	O
onto	O
CNN	O
dot	O
com	O
slash	O
late	O
edition	O
to	O
cast	O
your	O
vote	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
take	O
a	O
quick	O
break	O
/.	O


we	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


Still	O
ahead	O
on	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
an	O
exclusive	O
interview	O
with	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ibrahim	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Jaafari	I-PERSON
about	O
his	O
visit	O
with	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
huge	O
challenges	O
still	O
facing	O
his	O
country	O
.	O
Plus	O
my	O
conversations	O
with	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Washington	B-GPE
's	O
most	O
influential	O
politicians	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
and	O
Democratic	B-NORP
Senator	O
Ted	B-PERSON
Kennedy	I-PERSON
/.	O


All	O
that	O
coming	O
up	O
right	O
at	O
the	B-TIME
top	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
/.	O


Homeland	O
security	O
inspector	O
General	O
Clark	B-PERSON
Kent	I-PERSON
Irven	I-PERSON
and	O
former	O
active	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
John	B-PERSON
McGlaughlin	I-PERSON
/.	O


And	O
is	O
the	O
Discovery	B-PRODUCT
Shuttle	I-PRODUCT
crew	O
in	O
trouble	O
/?	O


Perspective	O
from	O
NASA	B-ORG
's	O
Wayne	B-PERSON
Hail	I-PERSON
/.	O


Live	O
from	O
CNN	B-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
this	O
is	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
with	I-WORK_OF_ART
Wolf	I-WORK_OF_ART
Blitzer	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Good	O
evening	B-TIME
Washington	B-GPE
/.	O


nine	B-TIME
AM	I-TIME
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
five	B-TIME
PM	I-TIME
in	O
London	B-GPE
and	O
eight	B-TIME
PM	I-TIME
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
/.	O


Wherever	O
you	O
're	O
watching	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
thanks	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
joining	O
us	O
for	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
get	O
to	O
our	O
interview	O
with	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
national	O
security	O
adviser	O
in	O
just	B-TIME
a	I-TIME
moment	I-TIME
/.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
though	O
let	O
's	O
get	O
a	O
quick	O
check	O
of	O
what	O
's	O
in	O
the	O
news	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


Thanks	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
Frederika	B-PERSON
Witfield	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
CNN	B-ORG
center	O
in	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
/.	O


Here	O
are	O
the	O
headlines	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
brothers	O
of	O
suspected	O
London	B-GPE
bomber	O
Hussain	B-PERSON
Osmond	I-PERSON
are	O
under	O
arrest	O
in	O
Italy	B-GPE
/.	O


Osmond	B-PERSON
is	O
talking	O
and	O
denies	O
any	O
links	O
to	O
Al	O
Quada	O
/.	O


A	O
judge	O
ruled	O
today	B-DATE
he	O
will	O
remain	O
in	O
jail	O
today	B-DATE
while	O
fighting	O
extradition	O
/.	O


Meanwhile	O
in	O
England	B-GPE
police	O
today	O
arrested	O
six	B-CARDINAL
more	O
terror	O
suspects	O
in	O
a	O
sweep	O
in	O
southern	O
England	B-GPE
/.	O


They	O
are	O
being	O
held	O
in	O
Suffix	B-GPE
/.	O


A	O
bodyguard	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
deputy	O
prime	O
minister	O
Ahmed	B-PERSON
Chalabi	I-PERSON
was	O
killed	O
today	B-DATE
/.	O


Convoy	O
was	O
attacked	O
by	O
insurgents	O
south	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
/.	O


Police	O
say	O
Chalabi	B-PERSON
was	O
not	O
in	O
that	O
convoy	O
/.	O


The	O
rains	O
have	O
returned	O
/.	O


and	O
water	O
is	O
again	O
rising	O
in	O
Mumbai	B-GPE
India	B-GPE
/.	O


Some	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
are	O
under	O
seven	B-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
of	O
water	O
/.	O


The	O
death	O
toll	O
in	O
India	B-GPE
from	O
monsoons	O
driven	O
floods	O
and	O
landslides	O
has	O
reached	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
Frederika	B-PERSON
Whitfield	I-PERSON
/.	O


Now	O
back	O
to	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
/.	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
Frederika	B-PERSON
/.	O


With	O
the	O
deadline	O
to	O
complete	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
constitution	O
just	O
three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
away	O
there	O
are	O
serious	O
concerns	O
that	O
an	O
unrelenting	O
insurgency	O
and	O
disputes	O
over	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
religion	O
could	O
derail	O
that	O
goal	O
/.	O


Just	O
a	O
short	O
while	O
ago	O
I	O
spoke	O
with	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
national	O
security	O
adviser	O
Mowaffak	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Rubaie	I-PERSON
about	O
the	O
political	O
and	O
security	O
challenges	O
still	O
facing	O
his	O
country	O
the	O
upcoming	O
trial	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
and	O
much	O
more	O
/.	O


Mowaffak	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Rubaie	I-PERSON
thanks	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
joining	O
us	O
from	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
/.	O


There	O
is	O
word	O
now	O
that	O
there	O
may	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
delay	O
of	O
what	O
thirty	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	O
terms	O
of	O
drafting	O
the	O
proposed	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
constitution	O
/.	O


The	O
deadline	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
mid	B-DATE
August	I-DATE
August	B-DATE
fifteenth	I-DATE
/.	O


What	O
's	O
the	O
situation	O
right	O
now	O
/?	O


Uh	O
I	O
think	O
there	O
are	O
uh	O
uh	O
some	O
little	O
problems	O
uh	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
ironed	O
out	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
believe	O
we	O
will	O
uh	O
try	O
our	O
level	O
best	O
to	O
stick	O
to	O
the	O
timetable	O
because	O
uh	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
eh	O
for	O
the	O
credibility	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
uh	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


Uh	O
so	O
I	O
am	O
very	O
much	O
hopeful	O
that	O
we	O
will	O
meet	O
all	O
these	O
deadlines	O
/.	O


Well	O
can	O
you	O
confirm	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
seek	O
a	O
thirty	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
extension	O
beyond	O
August	B-DATE
fifteenth	I-DATE
/?	O


Is	O
that	O
already	O
official	O
/?	O


Uh	O
well	O
uh	O
the	O
constitutional	O
committee	O
has	O
not	O
finalized	O
this	O
yet	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
I	O
believe	O
uh	O
uh	O
uh	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
delayed	O
the	O
uh	O
intention	O
of	O
it	O
is	O
to	O
include	O
all	O
parties	O
especially	O
those	O
political	O
parties	O
who	O
have	O
not	O
taken	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
election	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
referring	O
to	O
the	B-NORP
Iraqi	I-NORP
Sunnis	I-NORP
The	O
minority	O
uh	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


Uh	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
major	O
problem	O
that	O
's	O
forcing	O
this	O
delay	O
/?	O


Uh	O
well	O
uh	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
they	O
are	O
fine	O
-	O
tuning	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
uh	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
the	O
authority	O
of	O
the	O
federal	O
state	O
and	O
what	O
are	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
center	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
regions	O
/.	O


And	O
also	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
uh	O
uh	O
religion	O
is	O
still	O
/-	O


There	O
's	O
some	O
fine	O
tuning	O
on	O
the	O
drafting	O
before	O
we	O
put	O
it	O
forward	O
to	O
our	O
people	O
/.	O


And	O
a	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
is	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
huge	O
difference	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
uh	O
get	O
our	O
Sunni	B-NORP
uh	I-NORP
Arabs	I-NORP
included	O
in	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
/.	O


It	O
is	O
pivotal	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
uh	O
uh	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
society	O
/.	O


and	O
if	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
referendum	O
uh	O
uh	O
and	O
our	O
people	O
to	O
ratify	O
uh	O
our	O
draft	O
of	O
constitution	O
in	O
the	O
next	O
referendum	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
include	O
every	O
part	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


As	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
under	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
uh	O
the	O
law	O
you	O
could	O
extend	O
this	O
drafting	O
of	O
the	O
constitution	O
for	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
beyond	O
the	O
August	B-DATE
fifteenth	I-DATE
deadline	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
might	O
be	O
necessary	O
beyond	O
the	B-DATE
thirty	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
/?	O


Uh	O
I	O
assume	O
you	O
're	O
confirming	O
that	O
the	B-DATE
thirty	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
uh	O
will	O
be	O
required	O
an	B-DATE
additional	I-DATE
thirty	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
/.	O


but	O
would	O
it	O
be	O
necessary	O
to	O
go	O
an	B-DATE
extra	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
/?	O


No	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
uh	O
confirm	O
the	B-DATE
thirty	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
now	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
every	O
uh	O
body	O
in	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
be	O
it	O
Shia	B-NORP
or	O
Sunni	B-NORP
Kurds	B-NORP
or	O
Arab	B-NORP
Kaldo	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Assyrians	I-NORP
are	O
so	O
determined	O
and	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
so	O
determined	O
,	O
to	O
meet	O
all	O
the	O
deadlines	O
and	O
to	O
not	O
get	O
any	O
postponement	O
of	O
this	O
uh	O
political	O
process	O
because	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
any	O
delaying	O
of	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
play	O
into	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
the	O
terrorists	O
and	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
adopting	O
violence	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
claim	O
victory	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
succeeded	O
in	O
delaying	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
/.	O


The	B-ORG
Los	I-ORG
Angeles	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
uh	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
draft	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
constitution	O
would	O
include	O
and	O
let	O
me	O
read	O
from	O
the	O
story	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Los	I-ORG
Angeles	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
Islam	B-NORP
is	O
the	O
official	O
religion	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
It	O
is	O
the	O
basic	O
source	O
for	O
legislation	O
It	O
is	O
forbidden	O
to	O
pass	O
a	O
law	O
that	O
contradicts	O
its	O
fixed	O
rulings	O
/.	O


Is	O
that	O
true	O
/?	O


Will	O
Islam	B-NORP
be	O
the	O
official	O
religion	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
and	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
all	O
law	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/?	O


Uh	O
well	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
say	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
all	O
laws	O
/.	O


It	O
says	O
the	O
basic	O
source	O
of	O
laws	O
/.	O


And	O
remember	O
/.	O


this	O
is	O
an	O
Islamic	B-NORP
country	O
/.	O


The	O
background	O
the	O
culture	O
the	O
history	O
the	O
identity	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
/-	O


uh	O
uh	O
um	O
um	O
an	O
overwhelming	O
majority	O
of	O
uh	O
uh	O
the	O
population	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
are	O
Muslims	B-NORP
/.	O


so	O
uh	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
normal	O
/.	O


it	O
does	O
not	O
mean	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
discrimination	O
against	O
other	O
religions	O
/.	O


uh	O
we	O
have	O
uh	O
a	O
sizable	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
uh	O
size	O
community	O
a	O
Christian	B-NORP
community	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
well	O
respected	O
/.	O


Also	O
uh	O
uh	O
uh	O
there	O
are	O
Sabians	B-NORP
Yazidis	B-NORP
and	O
other	O
religions	O
/.	O


So	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
all	O
respected	O
uh	O
minorities	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
say	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
might	O
fear	O
though	O
that	O
Iraq	B-GPE
a	O
Shia	B-NORP
dominated	O
Iraq	B-GPE
with	O
Islam	B-NORP
the	O
official	O
religion	O
could	O
turn	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
its	O
neighbor	O
Iran	B-GPE
/?	O


I	O
think	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
claiming	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
understand	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
this	O
country	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
multi-societal	O
country	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
heterogeneous	O
country	O
/.	O


Uh	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
country	O
which	O
is	O
composed	O
of	O
uh	O
all	O
sorts	O
of	O
sects	O
religion	O
nationalities	O
and	O
uh	O
uh	O
ethnic	O
minorities	O
/.	O


And	O
to	O
form	O
and	O
establish	O
uh	O
uh	O
a	O
democratic	O
a	O
liberal	O
uh	O
system	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
no	O
community	O
should	O
dominate	O
/.	O


Uh	O
democracy	O
as	O
you	O
know	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
rule	O
of	O
majority	O
/.	O


but	O
also	O
it	O
's	O
securing	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
the	O
minority	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


As	O
you	O
know	O
there	O
are	O
a	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
thirty	I-CARDINAL
nine	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
or	I-CARDINAL
so	I-CARDINAL
US	B-GPE
troops	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
right	O
now	O
/.	O


General	O
George	B-PERSON
Casey	I-PERSON
the	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
commander	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
suggested	O
earlier	B-DATE
in	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
that	O
perhaps	O
that	O
number	O
could	O
be	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
beginning	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
/.	O


is	O
that	O
an	O
optimistic	O
assessment	O
or	O
realistic	O
/?	O


Uh	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
realistic	O
/.	O


The	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
uh	O
Jaafari	B-PERSON
has	O
proposed	O
to	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
meetings	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministerial	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
uh	O
uh	O
uh	O
a	O
proposal	O
whereby	O
the	O
multinational	O
forces	O
will	O
pull	O
out	O
from	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
provinces	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
cities	O
where	O
the	O
security	O
is	O
okay	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
eh	O
eh	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
police	O
and	O
new	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
army	O
can	O
uh	O
maintain	O
the	O
security	O
in	O
these	O
regions	O
/.	O


So	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
multinational	O
forces	O
are	O
ready	O
to	O
leave	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
cities	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
provinces	O
and	O
we	O
take	O
over	O
uh	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
the	O
security	O
of	O
these	O
uh	O
provinces	O
regions	O
and	O
large	O
cities	O
/.	O


so	O
what	O
is	O
a	O
realistic	O
number	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
/.	O


a	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
thirty	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
nine	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
going	O
down	O
to	O
what	O
/?	O


Uh	O
let	O
me	O
uh	O
give	O
you	O
some	O
uh	O
well	O
approximate	O
figures	O
/.	O


Of	O
course	O
these	O
figures	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
condition	O
based	O
because	O
until	O
and	O
unless	O
the	O
right	O
conditions	O
are	O
created	O
in	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
areas	O
the	O
multinational	O
forces	O
will	O
not	O
leave	O
and	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
government	O
will	O
not	O
ask	O
them	O
to	O
leave	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
are	O
working	O
very	O
hard	O
to	O
create	O
these	O
conditions	O
in	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
provinces	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
regions	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
districts	O
/.	O


Uh	O
when	O
the	O
conditions	O
are	O
right	O
then	O
we	O
will	O
ask	O
the	O
multinational	O
forces	O
to	O
leave	O
uh	O
these	O
areas	O
/.	O


Uh	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
guess	O
of	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
number	O
in	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


they	O
will	O
leave	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
part	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


And	O
a	O
considerable	O
number	O
uh	O
of	O
the	O
multinational	O
forces	O
will	O
probably	O
leave	O
Iraq	B-GPE
uh	O
by	O
before	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


So	O
in	O
other	O
words	O
it	O
would	O
go	O
down	O
from	O
a	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
thirty	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
nine	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
to	O
what	O
let	O
's	O
say	O
by	O
next	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
now	I-DATE
/.	O


what	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
realistic	O
number	O
/?	O


I	O
would	O
n't	O
like	O
to	O
uh	O
guess	O
a	O
figure	O
because	O
I	O
think	O
this	O
will	O
play	O
uh	O
into	O
the	O
terrorists	O
'	O
hands	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
it	O
's	O
unfair	O
/.	O


there	O
are	O
so	O
many	O
factors	O
who	O
are	O
playing	O
in	O
this	O
process	O
/.	O


and	O
one	O
of	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
training	O
of	O
our	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
other	O
is	O
uh	O
the	O
uh	O
level	O
of	O
insurgency	O
and	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
violence	O
and	O
the	O
terrorism	O
uh	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
our	O
enemies	O
and	O
our	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
so	O
many	O
factors	O
who	O
are	O
variables	O
/.	O


there	O
are	O
so	O
many	O
are	O
variables	O
in	O
this	O
process	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
uh	O
we	O
should	O
uh	O
guess	O
numbers	O
here	O
/.	O


he	O
said	O
Only	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
are	O
taking	O
on	O
the	O
insurgents	O
and	O
terrorists	O
by	O
themselves	O
/.	O


a	O
small	O
percentage	O
/.	O


How	O
many	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
troops	O
and	O
police	O
forces	O
are	O
fully	O
capable	O
of	O
operating	O
right	O
now	O
without	O
US	B-GPE
or	O
multinational	O
coalition	O
assistance	O
/?	O


Uh	O
admittedly	O
the	O
number	O
/-	O


I	O
would	O
n't	O
go	O
into	O
percentages	O
/.	O


but	O
let	O
me	O
tell	O
you	O
something	O
/.	O


by	O
December	B-DATE
we	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
our	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
uh	O
including	O
uh	O
uh	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
policemen	O
a	O
new	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
army	O
and	O
counterterrorism	O
special	O
forces	O
/.	O


uh	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
plus	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


By	O
well	O
before	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


But	O
of	O
that	O
two	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
plus	I-CARDINAL
how	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
fully	O
capable	O
right	O
now	O
to	O
operate	O
without	O
US	B-GPE
assistance	O
/?	O


We	O
hope	O
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
uh	O
probably	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
of	O
this	O
uh	O
uh	O
security	O
force	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
force	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
operate	O
independently	O
/.	O


And	O
obviously	O
you	O
will	O
need	O
the	O
multinational	O
forces	O
to	O
stay	O
over	O
the	O
horizon	O
just	O
in	O
case	O
uh	O
they	O
need	O
the	O
help	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
will	O
get	O
the	O
help	O
/.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
report	O
released	O
by	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
this	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
on	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
military	O
preparedness	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
/.	O


it	O
said	O
this	O
/.	O


Recruitment	O
and	O
vetting	O
procedures	O
are	O
faulty	O
despite	O
recent	O
improvements	O
/.	O


too	O
many	O
recruits	O
are	O
marginally	O
literate	O
/.	O


Some	O
show	O
up	O
for	O
training	O
with	O
criminal	O
records	O
or	O
physical	O
handicaps	O
/.	O


and	O
some	O
recruits	O
allegedly	O
are	O
infiltrating	O
insurgents	O
/.	O


Uh	O
is	O
that	O
accurate	O
/?	O


Uh	O
uh	O
admittedly	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
we	O
do	O
have	O
some	O
problems	O
in	O
recruitment	O
and	O
the	O
vetting	O
procedure	O
and	O
uh	O
the	O
possible	O
infiltration	O
of	O
our	O
security	O
forces	O
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
do	O
have	O
uh	O
a	O
few	O
problems	O
/.	O


but	O
we	O
have	O
uh	O
solutions	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


for	O
the	O
vetting	O
procedure	O
we	O
have	O
now	O
established	O
a	O
uh	O
uh	O
procedure	O
uh	O
to	O
scrutinize	O
and	O
meticulously	O
vet	O
our	O
uh	O
intelligence	O
agencies	O
'	O
uh	O
recruits	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
also	O
uh	O
uh	O
uh	O
uh	O
strengthened	O
and	O
tightened	O
the	O
recruitment	O
procedure	O
for	O
the	O
ministry	O
of	O
uh	O
uh	O
Interior	B-ORG
and	O
Ministry	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
/.	O


Uh	O
so	O
we	O
are	O
doing	O
the	O
work	O
/.	O


but	O
remember	O
/.	O


uh	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
country	O
which	O
we	O
start	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
with	O
no	O
single	O
policeman	O
no	O
single	O
new	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
army	O
/.	O


And	O
now	O
uh	O
we	O
're	O
about	O
to	O
have	O
a	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
seventy	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
now	O
/.	O


So	O
you	O
're	O
bound	O
to	O
in	O
this	O
process	O
/-	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
quick	O
fast	O
process	O
of	O
recruitment	O
and	O
training	O
/.	O


So	O
you	O
bound	O
to	O
have	O
uh	O
some	O
mistakes	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
are	O
addressing	O
these	O
mistakes	O
/.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
deny	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
mistakes	O
/.	O


When	O
will	O
the	O
trial	O
the	O
real	O
trial	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
finally	O
begin	O
/?	O


Uh	O
I	O
would	O
very	O
much	O
hope	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
box	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
people	O
in	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
specialists	O
tribunal	O
well	O
before	O
the	B-DATE
fifteenth	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
uh	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
before	O
we	O
go	O
for	O
our	O
referendum	O
/.	O


Uh	O
and	O
to	O
ask	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
say	O
yes	O
to	O
that	O
constitution	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
fifteenth	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
we	O
will	O
say	O
this	O
is	O
your	O
future	O
and	O
this	B-PERSON
Saddam	I-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
gone	O
into	O
the	O
past	O
and	O
gone	O
with	O
the	O
wind	O
if	O
you	O
like	O
/.	O


So	O
when	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
it	O
will	O
all	O
be	O
wrapped	O
up	O
uh	O
would	O
you	O
guess	O
/.	O


how	O
long	O
will	O
this	O
trial	O
last	O
/?	O


And	O
can	O
we	O
assume	O
he	O
will	O
get	O
the	O
death	O
sentence	O
/?	O


Well	O
uh	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
political	O
trial	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
allow	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
to	O
uh	O
be	O
another	O
uh	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
/.	O


or	O
uh	O
uh	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
uh	O
give	O
us	O
uh	O
his	O
rhetorics	O
and	O
his	O
uh	O
speeches	O
on	O
his	O
nonsense	O
/.	O


We	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
concentrate	O
on	O
the	O
criminal	O
side	O
of	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
stick	O
to	O
the	O
criminal	O
side	O
of	O
it	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
have	O
now	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
completed	O
files	O
on	O
crimes	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
has	O
committed	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
have	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
files	O
/.	O


we	O
have	O
documents	O
material	O
evidence	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
handwriting	O
in	O
his	O
red	O
ink	O
signature	O
crimes	O
he	O
has	O
committed	O
and	O
making	O
orders	O
to	O
commit	O
crimes	O
/.	O


So	O
each	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
five	B-CARDINAL
files	O
we	O
have	O
now	O
against	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
uh	O
probably	O
well	O
uh	O
uh	O
can	O
execute	O
him	O
or	O
uh	O
can	O
sentence	O
him	O
to	O
death	O
/.	O


But	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
make	O
this	O
a	O
political	O
one	O
/.	O


We	O
are	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
wait	O
for	O
ages	B-DATE
until	O
we	O
uh	O
uh	O
get	O
ready	O
for	O
all	O
his	O
crimes	O
because	O
if	O
you	O
wait	O
for	O
all	O
his	O
crimes	O
probably	O
we	O
'll	O
wait	O
all	O
our	O
life	O
uh	O
um	O
um	O
because	O
his	O
crimes	O
are	O
innumerable	O
/.	O


So	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
his	O
trial	O
will	O
last	O
weeks	B-DATE
or	O
months	B-DATE
/?	O


/.	O


Well	O
eh	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
like	O
to	O
eh	O
preempt	O
or	O
influence	O
the	O
trial	O
because	O
uh	O
this	O
is	O
independent	O
judicial	O
uh	O
process	O
and	O
I	O
would	O
not	O
like	O
to	O
uh	O
uh	O
apply	O
any	O
pressure	O
on	O
the	O
judge	O
uh	O
to	O
uh	O
speed	O
up	O
the	O
trial	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
'll	O
leave	O
the	O
judicial	O
system	O
to	O
its	O
own	O
devices	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
take	O
their	O
own	O
time	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
uh	O
sentence	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
/.	O


But	O
we	O
will	O
make	O
this	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
in	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
world	O
in	O
the	O
Muslim	B-NORP
world	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
fair	O
just	O
trial	O
with	O
a	O
defense	O
counsel	O
in	O
there	O
with	O
a	O
uh	O
uh	O
proper	O
eh	O
prosecuting	O
counsel	O
as	O
well	O
there	O
/.	O


and	O
everybody	O
will	O
watch	O
this	O
trial	O
live	O
on	O
television	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
almost	O
out	O
of	O
time	O
Mr.	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Rubaie	I-PERSON
/.	O


but	O
uh	O
I	O
know	O
your	O
prime	O
minister	O
Ibrahim	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
Jaafari	I-PERSON
is	O
working	O
on	O
a	O
multipoint	O
plan	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
life	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
right	O
now	O
/.	O


We	O
see	O
the	O
images	O
nearly	O
daily	B-DATE
insurgent	O
car	O
bombings	O
suicide	O
bombings	O
improvised	O
explosive	O
devices	O
/.	O


How	O
do	O
people	O
go	O
about	O
their	O
day	O
to	O
day	O
activities	O
living	O
in	O
this	O
constant	O
fear	O
and	O
manage	O
to	O
allow	O
life	O
to	O
go	O
forward	O
under	O
any	O
semblance	O
of	O
normality	O
/?	O


Well	O
eh	O
the	O
prime	O
minister	O
has	O
proposed	O
a	O
twelve	B-CARDINAL
point	O
plan	O
uh	O
for	O
the	O
national	O
security	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
it	O
was	O
discussed	O
in	O
detail	O
in	O
the	O
Ministerial	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
chain	O
of	O
meetings	O
/.	O


And	O
this	O
plan	O
uh	O
uh	O
incorporates	O
coordination	O
of	O
our	O
intelligence	O
agencies	O
/.	O


uh	O
also	O
it	O
incorporates	O
securing	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
as	O
the	O
capital	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
also	O
increasing	O
the	O
uh	O
protection	O
of	O
the	O
infrastructure	O
uh	O
uh	O
formation	O
of	O
target	O
oriented	O
special	O
forces	O
uh	O
uh	O
also	O
increasing	O
the	O
intelligence	O
activity	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
intelligence	O
uh	O
led	O
war	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
traditional	O
classical	O
war	O
/.	O


So	O
uh	O
it	O
includes	O
also	O
the	O
uh	O
increase	O
of	O
the	O
uh	O
inclusion	O
of	O
political	O
parties	O
also	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
/-	O


Those	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
point	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
who	O
voted	O
for	O
this	O
government	O
what	O
is	O
their	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
security	O
/.	O


Uh	O
There	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
uh	O
other	O
issues	O
uh	O
uh	O
which	O
are	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
twelve	B-CARDINAL
points	O
plan	O
of	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Jaafari	B-PERSON
/.	O


Mowaffak	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Rubaie	I-PERSON
it	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
you	O
to	O
spend	O
some	O
time	O
with	O
us	O
here	O
on	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


thanks	O
very	O
much	O
/.	O


good	O
luck	O
to	O
you	O
/.	O


and	O
good	O
luck	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
having	O
me	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
/.	O


And	O
just	O
ahead	O
is	O
a	O
timetable	O
set	O
,	O
should	O
one	O
be	O
set	O
,	O
for	O
US	B-GPE
troops	O
to	O
start	O
leaving	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/?	O


We	O
'll	O
ask	O
two	B-CARDINAL
key	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
senators	O
about	O
that	O
and	O
more	O
/.	O


Then	O
Discovery	B-PRODUCT
's	O
mission	O
/.	O


we	O
'll	O
talk	O
with	O
NASA	B-ORG
's	O
deputy	O
shuttle	O
program	O
manager	O
Wayne	B-PERSON
Hale	I-PERSON
about	O
concerns	O
over	O
the	O
shuttles	O
'	O
safety	O
/.	O


And	O
later	O
Egypt	B-GPE
trying	O
to	O
recover	O
from	O
a	O
deadly	O
terrorist	O
strike	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
talk	O
with	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
prime	O
minister	O
Ahmed	B-PERSON
Nazif	I-PERSON
about	O
the	O
global	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
/.	O


Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
continues	O
right	O
after	O
this	O
/.	O


Our	O
web	O
question	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
asks	O
this	O
should	O
religion	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
new	O
constitution	O
/?	O


You	O
can	O
cast	O
your	O
vote	O
/.	O


go	O
to	O
CNN	O
dot	O
com	O
slash	O
late	O
edition	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
have	O
the	O
results	O
later	O
in	O
the	O
program	O
/.	O


Straight	O
ahead	O
Democratic	B-NORP
Senator	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
and	O
Republican	B-NORP
Senator	O
John	B-PERSON
Kyl	I-PERSON
/.	O


they	O
're	O
standing	O
by	O
to	O
weigh	O
in	O
on	O
where	O
things	O
stand	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
the	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
and	O
much	O
more	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
watching	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	O
last	O
word	O
in	O
Sunday	B-DATE
talk	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
believe	O
we	O
'll	O
still	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
take	O
some	O
fairly	O
substantial	O
reductions	O
after	O
these	O
elections	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
summer	I-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


US	B-ORG
Army	I-ORG
General	O
George	B-PERSON
Casey	I-PERSON
the	O
head	O
of	O
coalition	O
forces	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
talking	O
this	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
about	O
the	O
possible	O
start	O
of	O
US	B-GPE
troop	O
withdrawals	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Joining	O
us	O
now	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
key	O
members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
States	I-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
/.	O


In	O
his	O
home	O
state	O
of	O
Arizona	B-GPE
Republican	B-NORP
Senator	O
Jon	B-PERSON
Kyl	I-PERSON
/.	O


he	O
's	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Judiciary	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
/.	O


And	O
here	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
Democratic	B-NORP
Senator	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
of	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
/.	O


He	O
's	O
the	O
ranking	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Homeland	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
and	O
Governmental	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Committees	I-ORG
/.	O


Senators	O
welcome	O
back	O
to	O
Late	O
Edition	O
/.	O


and	O
Senator	O
Kyl	B-PERSON
let	O
me	O
start	O
with	O
you	O
/.	O


Is	O
it	O
realistic	O
to	O
assume	O
that	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
US	B-GPE
troops	O
might	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
by	O
next	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
/?	O


Well	O
General	O
Casey	B-PERSON
uh	O
and	O
the	O
President	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
military	O
advisers	O
will	O
make	O
that	O
decision	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
we	O
have	O
any	O
way	O
of	O
knowing	O
right	O
now	O
whether	O
that	O
's	O
realistic	O
/.	O


but	O
it	O
certainly	O
is	O
the	O
hope	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
are	O
being	O
trained	O
up	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
take	O
uh	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
the	O
fight	O
that	O
uh	O
our	O
military	O
is	O
engaged	O
in	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


and	O
obviously	O
that	O
is	O
our	O
hope	O
and	O
our	O
expectation	O
/.	O


Senator	O
Lieberman	B-PERSON
what	O
's	O
your	O
expectation	O
/?	O


Uh	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
great	O
goal	O
/.	O


but	O
um	O
I	O
'm	O
worried	O
about	O
projecting	O
it	O
too	O
much	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
that	O
we	O
uh	O
mislead	O
people	O
um	O
/.	O


People	O
like	O
Senator	O
Kyl	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
who	O
've	O
supported	O
uh	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
uh	O
know	O
how	O
important	O
victory	O
is	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
careful	O
that	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
just	O
declare	O
victory	O
but	O
we	O
achieve	O
victory	O
that	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
uh	O
give	O
encouragement	O
frankly	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
pressing	O
us	O
to	O
set	O
a	O
deadline	O
for	O
getting	O
out	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


You	O
can	O
only	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
when	O
we	O
achieve	O
the	O
mission	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
unfortunately	O
uh	O
the	O
recent	O
reports	O
we	O
've	O
had	O
from	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
to	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Armed	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
about	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
readiness	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
are	O
not	O
encouraging	O
/.	O


Maybe	O
they	O
'll	O
make	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
time	O
between	O
now	O
and	O
next	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
/.	O


I	O
hope	O
so	O
/.	O


there	O
's	O
nothing	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
more	O
than	O
seeing	O
the	O
troops	O
come	O
back	O
but	O
only	O
if	O
circumstances	O
justify	O
it	O
/.	O


Senator	O
Kyl	B-PERSON
there	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
argument	O
that	O
's	O
being	O
made	O
that	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
would	O
be	O
better	O
off	O
with	O
a	O
much	O
smaller	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
footprint	O
there	O
/.	O


and	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
reason	O
it	O
would	O
give	O
greater	O
pressure	O
or	O
put	O
added	O
pressure	O
really	O
on	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
military	O
really	O
to	O
take	O
charge	O
/.	O


Well	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
tension	O
/.	O
and	O
Senator	O
Lieberman	B-PERSON
is	O
exactly	O
correct	O
/.	O


we	O
ca	O
n't	O
leave	O
until	O
we	O
've	O
achieved	O
what	O
we	O
are	O
there	O
to	O
achieve	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
secure	O
country	O
uh	O
with	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
being	O
able	O
uh	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
themselves	O
/.	O


Uh	O
but	O
there	O
's	O
always	O
a	O
tension	O
between	O
uh	O
uh	O
staying	O
too	O
long	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
job	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
would	O
do	O
it	O
and	O
yet	O
giving	O
them	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
try	O
their	O
hand	O
at	O
it	O
/.	O


And	O
our	O
military	O
people	O
are	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
/.	O


they	O
're	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
those	O
judgments	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
defer	O
significantly	O
to	O
their	O
judgment	O
in	O
that	O
regard	O
/.	O


The	O
other	O
argument	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
uh	O
Senator	O
Lieberman	B-PERSON
you	O
hear	O
from	O
Senator	O
McCain	B-PERSON
and	O
others	O
/.	O


the	O
US	B-GPE
does	O
n't	O
have	O
enough	O
troops	O
to	O
really	O
get	O
the	O
job	O
done	O
/.	O


now	O
more	O
troops	O
really	O
should	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
mix	O
instead	O
of	O
withdrawing	O
them	O
/.	O


Well	O
I	O
've	O
said	O
that	O
along	O
the	O
way	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
real	O
direct	O
about	O
it	O
/.	O


I	O
'd	O
be	O
surprised	O
if	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
increase	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
troops	O
coalition	O
forces	O
we	O
have	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
between	O
now	O
and	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
because	O
we	O
have	O
got	O
the	O
referendum	O
on	O
the	O
constitution	O
coming	O
up	O
,	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
the	O
election	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
assembly	O
hopefully	O
in	O
December	B-DATE
/.	O


Those	O
are	O
times	O
when	O
the	O
terrorists	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
looking	O
to	O
create	O
havoc	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
secure	O
the	O
country	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
we	O
did	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
/.	O


So	O
the	O
number	O
from	O
a	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
thirty	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
nine	I-CARDINAL
may	O
go	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
short	O
term	O
before	O
it	O
eventually	O
starts	O
to	O
go	O
down	O
/?	O


I	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
surprised	O
if	O
it	O
did	O
/.	O


Look	O
this	O
leads	O
to	O
larger	O
question	O
just	O
to	O
mention	O
briefly	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
/.	O


a	O
bunch	O
of	O
us	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
worry	O
that	O
the	O
Army	B-ORG
that	O
we	O
have	O
today	B-DATE
is	O
not	O
big	O
enough	O
and	O
we	O
're	O
stressing	O
it	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
it	O
sending	O
people	O
back	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
two	B-CARDINAL
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
/.	O


Um	O
maybe	O
I	O
believe	O
we	O
do	O
actually	O
need	O
uh	O
uh	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
strength	O
of	O
our	O
Army	B-ORG
so	O
our	O
commanders	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
troops	O
they	O
need	O
as	O
the	O
facts	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
dictate	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
let	O
's	O
move	O
on	O
/.	O


we	O
'll	O
get	O
to	O
that	O
subject	O
uh	O
on	O
another	O
occasion	O
the	O
overall	O
strength	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
/.	O


The	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
Senator	O
Kyl	B-PERSON
/.	O


what	O
about	O
your	O
estimate	O
right	O
now	O
/?	O


Is	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
prepared	O
for	O
similar	O
kinds	O
of	O
strikes	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
seen	O
in	O
recent	O
days	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
two	B-CARDINAL
series	O
uh	O
of	O
attacks	O
there	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Sharm	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
el	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Sheikh	I-GPE
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
/?	O


Uh	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
that	O
's	O
a	O
question	O
that	O
has	O
several	O
different	O
answers	O
to	O
it	O
uh	O
/.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
answer	O
is	O
we	O
can	O
never	O
assure	O
uh	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
that	O
they	O
are	O
totally	O
protected	O
from	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
attack	O
/.	O


This	O
country	O
is	O
wide	O
open	O
/.	O


we	O
enjoy	O
our	O
freedoms	O
/.	O


uh	O
it	O
is	O
simply	O
impossible	O
to	O
protect	O
every	O
single	O
shopping	O
center	O
every	O
single	O
bus	O
every	O
single	O
train	O
or	O
uh	O
any	O
other	O
place	O
where	O
terrorists	O
may	O
wish	O
to	O
strike	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
adjust	O
their	O
tactics	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
what	O
we	O
are	O
protecting	O
and	O
therefore	O
what	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
uh	O
change	O
to	O
uh	O
to	O
attack	O
a	O
softer	O
kind	O
of	O
target	O
that	O
is	O
n't	O
protected	O
/.	O


So	O
our	O
strategy	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
we	O
can	O
in	O
prioritizing	O
protection	O
of	O
the	O
homeland	O
but	O
frankly	O
conducting	O
offensive	O
operations	O
against	O
the	O
terrorists	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
where	O
our	O
emphasis	O
should	O
be	O
/.	O


That	O
means	O
uh	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
intelligence	O
capability	O
both	O
abroad	O
and	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
makes	O
the	B-LAW
Patriot	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
so	O
important	O
/.	O


But	O
have	O
you	O
seen	O
Senator	O
Kyl	B-PERSON
a	O
dramatic	O
improvement	O
in	O
intelligence	O
gathering	O
human	O
intelligence	O
infiltrating	O
these	O
cells	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/?	O


It	O
's	O
improved	O
/.	O


I	O
would	O
n't	O
call	O
it	O
a	O
dramatic	O
improvement	O
/.	O


But	O
it	O
certainly	O
is	O
an	O
improvement	O
with	O
things	O
like	O
the	B-LAW
Patriot	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
strengthening	O
the	O
FISA	B-LAW
uh	O
enforcement	O
allowing	O
the	O
intelligence	O
agencies	O
and	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
to	O
talk	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
gone	O
uh	O
since	O
nine	B-EVENT
eleven	I-EVENT
without	O
an	O
attack	O
here	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/.	O


We	O
've	O
broken	O
up	O
cells	O
/.	O


We	O
've	O
arrested	O
people	O
put	O
them	O
in	O
jail	O
/.	O


We	O
've	O
done	O
the	O
same	O
abroad	O
/.	O


We	O
've	O
thwarted	O
uh	O
literally	O
well	B-CARDINAL
over	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
attacks	O
abroad	O
with	O
an	O
aggressive	O
intelligence	O
operation	O
/.	O


So	O
um	O
the	O
the	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
is	O
really	O
a	O
war	O
with	O
many	O
fronts	O
.	O
The	O
first	O
and	O
foremost	O
uh	O
among	O
them	O
being	O
um	O
trying	O
to	O
fight	O
the	O
enemy	O
abroad	O
and	O
engaging	O
in	O
a	O
significant	O
intelligence	O
operation	O
to	O
disrupt	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
attack	O
/.	O


Yet	O
Senator	O
Lieberman	B-PERSON
there	O
are	O
still	O
widespread	O
reports	O
that	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
does	O
n't	O
have	O
enough	O
human	O
assets	O
spies	O
that	O
are	O
penetrating	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
cells	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
al	O
Qaeda	O
related	O
organizations	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
enough	O
native	O
speakers	O
in	O
Arabic	B-LANGUAGE
or	O
other	O
languages	O
part	O
of	O
these	O
groups	O
/.	O


Are	O
you	O
satisfied	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
been	O
enough	O
improvement	O
since	O
nine	B-EVENT
eleven	I-EVENT
/?	O


No	O
none	O
of	O
us	O
should	O
be	O
satisfied	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
anybody	O
on	O
Capitol	B-LOC
Hill	I-LOC
or	O
in	O
the	O
administration	O
is	O
satisfied	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
safer	O
today	B-DATE
than	O
we	O
were	O
on	O
nine	B-DATE
eleven	I-DATE
/.	O


We	O
have	O
a	O
homeland	O
security	O
department	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
a	O
recently	O
reformed	O
director	O
of	O
national	O
intelligence	O
/.	O


but	O
are	O
we	O
uh	O
uh	O
/-	O


The	O
key	O
here	O
as	O
Jon	B-PERSON
Kyl	I-PERSON
said	O
is	O
intelligence	O
/.	O


Look	O
what	O
did	O
the	O
terrorist	O
attacks	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
and	O
Egypt	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
tell	O
us	O
/?	O


We	O
are	O
in	O
a	O
world	O
war	O
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
're	O
in	O
a	O
world	O
war	O
that	O
Islamist	B-NORP
terrorists	O
declared	O
against	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
/.	O


And	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
has	O
been	O
a	O
target	O
and	O
surely	O
will	O
be	O
again	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
do	O
more	O
to	O
improve	O
our	O
intelligence	O
/.	O


We	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
do	O
more	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
security	O
of	O
our	O
rail	O
and	O
transit	O
systems	O
/.	O


Senator	O
Collins	B-PERSON
Susan	B-PERSON
Collins	I-PERSON
and	O
I	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
hearings	O
on	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
fall	I-DATE
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
bring	O
Senator	B-PERSON
Kyl	I-PERSON
in	O
and	O
ask	O
him	O
this	O
/.	O


then	O
I	O
'll	O
ask	O
you	O
Senator	O
Lieberman	B-PERSON
to	O
weigh	O
in	O
as	O
well	O
uh	O
/.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
enforcement	O
authorities	O
especially	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
the	O
police	O
commissioner	O
the	O
mayor	O
saying	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
involved	O
in	O
ethnic	O
or	O
racial	O
or	O
religious	O
profiling	O
whatsoever	O
in	O
dealing	O
with	O
potential	O
threats	O
to	O
the	O
trains	O
the	O
subways	O
the	O
buses	O
/.	O


Should	O
there	O
though	O
be	O
an	O
element	O
of	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
profiling	O
in	O
dealing	O
with	O
these	O
issues	O
Senator	O
Kyl	B-PERSON
/?	O


There	O
should	O
be	O
profiling	O
/.	O


but	O
it	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
based	O
on	O
religion	O
or	O
race	O
/.	O


Why	O
not	O
/?	O


what	O
's	O
the	O
answer	O
that	O
you	O
give	O
since	O
most	O
of	O
these	O
terrorists	O
since	O
nine	B-EVENT
eleven	I-EVENT
and	O
even	O
earlier	O
have	O
been	O
Muslims	B-NORP
have	O
been	O
Middle	B-NORP
Eastern	I-NORP
origin	O
/?	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
viewers	O
are	O
asking	O
me	O
why	O
should	O
n't	O
there	O
be	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
religious	O
or	O
ethnic	O
or	O
racial	O
profiling	O
/?	O


Because	O
we	O
care	O
about	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
our	O
citizens	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
visiting	O
our	O
country	O
/.	O


But	O
when	O
I	O
say	O
it	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
based	O
on	O
race	O
or	O
religion	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
mean	O
to	O
exclude	O
appearance	O
/.	O


If	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
profile	O
of	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
killer	O
in	O
this	O
society	O
and	O
frankly	O
there	O
's	O
{a}	O
rapist	O
on	O
the	O
loose	O
in	O
Arizona	B-GPE
right	O
now	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
picture	O
that	O
's	O
been	O
drawn	O
by	O
police	O
uh	O
artists	O
of	O
what	O
this	O
guy	O
looks	O
like	O
.	O
And	O
anybody	O
that	O
has	O
an	O
appearance	O
somewhat	O
like	O
him	O
should	O
expect	O
to	O
be	O
profiled	O
by	O
the	O
police	O
here	O
/.	O


By	O
the	O
way	O
he	O
happens	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
young	O
white	O
male	O
apparently	O
/.	O


But	O
whatever	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
a	O
potential	O
terrorist	O
is	O
is	O
fair	O
game	O
for	O
profiling	O
/.	O


But	O
uh	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
it	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
based	O
at	O
all	O
on	O
their	O
faith	O
/.	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
know	O
someone	O
's	O
faith	O
when	O
you	O
see	O
them	O
/?	O


And	O
secondly	B-ORDINAL
in	O
terms	O
of	O
uh	O
ancestry	O
or	O
ethnicity	O
that	O
should	O
simply	O
be	O
one	B-CARDINAL
uh	O
of	O
the	O
factors	O
of	O
appearance	O
that	O
you	O
profile	O
/.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
quick	O
break	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
let	O
Senator	O
Lieberman	B-PERSON
weigh	O
in	O
on	O
this	O
/.	O


The	O
argument	O
is	O
that	O
law	O
enforcement	O
authorities	O
transportation	O
security	O
authorities	O
they	O
're	O
spinning	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
wheels	O
wasting	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
time	O
examining	O
grandmothers	O
and	O
babies	O
and	O
making	O
people	O
take	O
off	O
their	O
shoes	O
when	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
focusing	O
in	O
on	O
real	O
threats	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
potential	O
random	O
threats	O
out	O
there	O
/.	O


Uh	O
the	O
random	O
threats	O
are	O
there	O
/.	O


And	O
look	O
we	O
have	O
an	O
intelligence	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
uh	O
uh	O
the	O
terrorists	O
groups	O
including	O
al	O
Qaeda	O
may	O
use	O
people	O
Europeans	B-NORP
for	O
instance	O
who	O
are	O
uh	O
not	O
appearing	O
to	O
be	O
uh	O
from	O
Arabic	B-NORP
background	O
/.	O


But	O
Jon	B-PERSON
Kyl	I-PERSON
has	O
it	O
right	O
I	O
think	O
/.	O


we	O
're	O
at	O
a	O
point	O
where	O
I	O
'm	O
glad	O
that	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
subway	O
system	O
is	O
beginning	O
to	O
randomly	O
search	O
people	O
getting	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
subways	O
/.	O


we	O
've	O
been	O
much	O
too	O
lax	O
about	O
rail	O
and	O
transit	O
security	O
/.	O


We	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
that	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
appearance	O
and	O
ethnicity	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
factors	O
that	O
law	O
enforcement	O
is	O
allowed	O
to	O
consider	O
/.	O


Obviously	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
wearing	O
a	O
heavy	O
coat	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
telltale	O
sign	O
/.	O


if	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
backpack	O
on	O
you	O
ought	O
{to}	O
expect	O
to	O
be	O
uh	O
searched	O
more	O
frequently	O
/.	O


we	O
ought	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
random	O
use	O
of	O
magnetometers	O
as	O
people	O
get	O
into	O
rail	O
transit	O
/.	O


the	O
enemy	O
is	O
out	O
there	O
/.	O


they	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
kill	O
us	O
/.	O


Now	O
they	O
have	O
killed	O
three	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
of	O
us	O
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
as	O
tough	O
as	O
possible	O
to	O
protect	O
people	O
's	O
security	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
I	O
want	O
both	O
of	O
you	O
to	O
stand	O
by	O
/.	O


we	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
quick	O
break	O
/.	O


When	O
we	O
come	O
back	O
we	O
'll	O
continue	O
our	O
conversation	O
with	O
Senators	O
Lieberman	B-PERSON
and	O
Kyl	B-PERSON
/.	O


Up	O
next	O
though	O
a	O
quick	O
check	O
of	O
what	O
's	O
in	O
the	O
news	O
right	O
now	O
including	O
some	O
late	O
breaking	O
developments	O
in	O
the	O
London	B-GPE
terror	O
investigation	O
/.	O


Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
will	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


Hello	O
I	O
'm	O
Frederika	B-PERSON
Whitfield	I-PERSON
at	O
the	O
CNN	B-ORG
center	O
in	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
/.	O


And	O
now	O
in	O
the	O
news	O
we	O
have	O
some	O
new	O
developments	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
about	O
in	O
the	O
London	B-GPE
terror	O
investigation	O
/.	O


Sources	O
tell	O
CNN	B-ORG
a	O
suspect	O
in	O
Italian	B-NORP
custody	O
has	O
told	O
interrogators	O
the	O
failed	O
attacks	O
ten	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
were	O
not	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
deadly	O
attacks	O
earlier	B-DATE
in	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
/.	O


The	O
suspect	O
Hussain	B-PERSON
Osmond	I-PERSON
also	O
claims	O
the	O
July	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
group	O
was	O
not	O
working	O
for	O
Al	O
Queda	O
/.	O


And	O
in	O
southern	O
England	B-GPE
police	O
have	O
arrested	O
six	B-CARDINAL
more	O
suspects	O
in	O
the	O
July	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
incident	O
/.	O


In	O
Iraq	B-GPE
there	O
is	O
no	O
let	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
violence	O
/.	O


four	O
US	B-GPE
troops	O
were	O
killed	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
by	O
a	O
road	O
side	O
bomb	O
near	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
's	O
airport	O
/.	O


Today	B-DATE
just	O
south	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
capital	O
a	O
road	O
side	O
bomb	O
killed	O
five	B-CARDINAL
people	O
/.	O


nearly	O
a	O
dozen	O
others	O
wounded	O
in	O
that	O
attack	O
/.	O


For	O
the	O
crew	O
of	O
the	O
space	O
shuttle	O
Discovery	B-PRODUCT
a	O
mission	O
extention	O
/.	O


NASA	B-ORG
has	O
decided	O
to	O
add	O
an	B-DATE
extra	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
so	O
astronauts	O
can	O
do	O
more	O
work	O
/.	O


The	O
return	O
home	O
is	O
now	O
set	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
tomorrow	I-DATE
/.	O


NASA	B-ORG
says	O
engineers	O
have	O
determined	O
that	O
Discovery	B-PRODUCT
can	O
safely	O
return	O
to	O
earth	O
as	O
is	O
because	O
the	O
cracked	O
thermal	O
tiles	O
do	O
not	O
pose	O
a	O
safety	O
hazzard	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
Frederika	B-PERSON
Whitfield	I-PERSON
in	O
Atanta	B-GPE
/.	O


those	O
are	O
the	O
headlines	O
/.	O
/.	O


much	O
more	O
of	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
right	O
after	O
this	O
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
Blitzer	I-PERSON
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
/.	O


We	O
're	O
continuing	O
our	O
conversation	O
with	O
Democratic	B-NORP
Senator	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
of	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
and	O
Republican	B-NORP
Senator	O
John	B-PERSON
Kyl	I-PERSON
of	O
Arizona	B-GPE
/.	O


Senator	O
Lieberman	B-PERSON
is	O
it	O
a	O
good	O
idea	O
for	O
the	O
President	O
to	O
give	O
uh	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
what	O
's	O
called	O
a	O
recess	O
appointment	O
skirting	O
the	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
as	O
the	O
next	O
US	B-GPE
ambassador	O
to	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
/?	O


Uh	O
it	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
lot	O
better	O
idea	O
for	O
the	O
administration	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
senators	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Relations	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
the	O
information	O
they	O
said	O
they	O
needed	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
were	O
right	O
uh	O
before	O
uh	O
they	O
could	O
vote	O
on	O
the	O
uh	O
Bolton	B-PERSON
nomination	O
/.	O


Then	O
we	O
would	O
have	O
had	O
an	O
up	O
or	O
down	O
vote	O
/.	O


and	O
my	O
guess	O
is	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
would	O
have	O
been	O
confirmed	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
would	O
have	O
gone	O
to	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
uh	O
uh	O
without	O
a	O
cloud	O
over	O
his	O
head	O
/.	O


A	O
recess	O
appointment	O
which	O
I	O
gather	O
is	O
coming	O
for	O
Bolton	B-PERSON
will	O
send	O
him	O
there	O
with	O
a	O
cloud	O
over	O
his	O
head	O
/.	O


But	O
look	O
he	O
will	O
be	O
our	O
UN	B-ORG
ambassador	O
/.	O


He	O
'll	O
have	O
the	O
obvious	O
uh	O
authority	O
of	O
the	O
President	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
hope	O
he	O
does	O
the	O
best	O
job	O
he	O
can	O
in	O
a	O
tough	O
time	O
important	O
time	O
up	O
there	O
/.	O


he	O
would	O
be	O
Senator	O
Kyl	B-PERSON
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
ambassador	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
who	O
did	O
not	O
get	O
confirmation	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
States	I-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
/.	O


Is	O
that	O
a	O
problem	O
/?	O


Uh	O
it	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
better	O
had	O
he	O
been	O
confirmed	O
/.	O


but	O
uh	O
under	O
the	O
circumstances	O
everybody	O
at	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
will	O
know	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
man	O
/.	O


Uh	O
yeah	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
tough	O
guy	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
appreciate	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
uh	O
felt	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
's	O
history	O
when	O
it	O
could	O
use	O
a	O
little	O
tough	O
love	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
is	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
guy	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
job	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
wants	O
done	O
there	O
/.	O


Senator	O
Lieberman	B-PERSON
uh	O
based	O
on	O
what	O
you	O
know	O
right	O
now	O
are	O
you	O
inclined	O
to	O
vote	O
to	O
uh	O
confirm	O
John	B-PERSON
Roberts	I-PERSON
as	O
the	O
next	O
US	B-GPE
associate	O
justice	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
/?	O


Too	O
early	O
to	O
say	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
think	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
nominee	O
for	O
whom	O
the	O
hearings	O
before	O
the	B-ORG
Judiciary	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
real	O
important	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
'd	O
say	O
this	O
/.	O


so	O
far	O
so	O
good	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
was	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
fourteen	B-CARDINAL
uh	O
/.	O


we	O
got	O
together	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
so	O
called	O
nuclear	O
option	O
that	O
Senator	O
Frist	B-PERSON
was	O
talking	O
about	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
think	O
in	O
a	O
larger	O
sense	O
we	O
were	O
saying	O
to	O
the	O
President	O
Mr.	O
President	O
uh	O
I	O
hope	O
you	O
'll	O
send	O
us	O
someone	O
who	O
does	O
n't	O
blow	O
the	O
place	O
up	O
does	O
n't	O
create	O
his	O
own	O
or	O
her	O
own	O
sort	O
of	O
nuclear	O
option	O
/.	O


uh	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
has	O
done	O
that	O
/.	O


Some	O
may	O
vote	O
against	O
/.	O


Uh	O
but	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
clearly	O
very	O
very	O
accomplished	O
nominee	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
know	O
more	O
about	O
how	O
he	O
thinks	O
on	O
issues	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
some	O
conservatives	O
uh	O
Senator	O
Kyl	B-PERSON
as	O
you	O
know	O
who	O
are	O
a	O
little	O
concerned	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
paper	O
trail	O
on	O
abortion	O
rights	O
issues	O
on	O
other	O
issues	O
that	O
would	O
make	O
him	O
more	O
acceptable	O
uh	O
to	O
you	O
/.	O


Who	O
are	O
you	O
very	O
pleased	O
or	O
moderately	O
pleased	O
with	O
John	B-PERSON
Roberts	I-PERSON
/?	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
an	O
excellent	O
nominee	O
/.	O


Uh	O
frankly	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
people	O
on	O
the	O
left	O
or	O
the	O
right	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
sure	O
how	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
rule	O
on	O
a	O
case	O
that	O
's	O
fine	O
by	O
me	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
a	O
judge	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
supposed	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
facts	O
when	O
they	O
're	O
given	O
to	O
him	O
apply	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
make	O
a	O
decision	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
person	O
who	O
based	O
on	O
his	O
previous	O
experience	O
uh	O
including	O
his	O
most	O
recent	O
experience	O
as	O
a	O
judge	O
on	O
the	O
court	O
of	O
appeals	O
has	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
he	O
'll	O
do	O
exactly	O
that	O
/.	O


/.	O


An	O
excellent	O
nominee	O
/.	O


Uh	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
majority	O
leader	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Frist	I-PERSON
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
Senator	O
Kyl	B-PERSON
came	O
out	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
an	O
expanded	O
version	O
of	O
stem	O
cell	O
research	O
beyond	O
what	O
the	O
President	O
would	O
like	O
breaking	O
with	O
the	O
President	O
/.	O


Are	O
you	O
influenced	O
by	O
what	O
Senator	O
Frist	B-PERSON
says	O
/?	O


Are	O
you	O
now	O
about	O
to	O
go	O
along	O
with	O
him	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
'm	O
certainly	O
influenced	O
by	O
what	O
Senator	O
Frist	B-PERSON
says	O
because	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
respected	O
physician	O
/.	O


He	O
knows	O
the	O
subject	O
very	O
well	O
/.	O


Uh	O
in	O
this	O
particular	O
case	O
I	O
agree	O
with	O
his	O
previous	O
position	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
President	O
/.	O


I	O
'll	O
certainly	O
listen	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
debate	O
and	O
anything	O
that	O
Senator	O
Frist	B-PERSON
Dr.	O
Frist	B-PERSON
has	O
to	O
say	O
/.	O


but	O
my	O
own	O
views	O
reflect	O
uh	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
President	O
on	O
this	O
matter	O
/.	O
/.	O


So	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
an	O
open	O
mind	O
/.	O


is	O
that	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
saying	O
/?	O


No	O
/.	O
you	O
know	O
uh	O
my	O
father	O
always	O
used	O
to	O
say	O
always	O
have	O
an	O
open	O
mind	O
/.	O


but	O
remember	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
difference	O
between	O
an	O
open	O
mind	O
and	O
a	O
hole	O
in	O
the	O
head	O
/.	O


So	O
I	O
'll	O
apply	O
my	O
own	O
judgment	O
and	O
be	O
open	O
-	O
minded	O
/.	O


but	O
again	O
I	O
have	O
basic	O
principles	O
that	O
I	O
apply	O
to	O
decisions	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


Senator	O
Lieberman	B-PERSON
uh	O
what	O
about	O
you	O
/?	O


Uh	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
for	O
more	O
funding	O
for	O
stem	O
cell	O
research	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
exciting	O
uh	O
medical	O
developments	O
of	O
our	O
age	O
/.	O


it	O
could	O
bring	O
better	O
treatments	O
even	O
cures	O
for	O
diseases	O
that	O
cause	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
pain	O
and	O
death	O
to	O
millions	O
of	O
people	O
/.	O


I	O
thought	O
Bill	O
Frist	B-PERSON
's	O
uh	O
statement	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
took	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
guts	O
/.	O


he	O
changed	O
a	O
position	O
he	O
had	O
/.	O


but	O
that	O
's	O
human	O
nature	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
the	O
confidence	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


Very	O
significant	O
/.	O


I	O
believe	O
now	O
that	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
will	O
pass	O
the	O
legislation	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
which	O
is	O
more	O
funding	O
for	O
stem	O
cell	O
research	O
on	O
frozen	O
embryos	O
that	O
are	O
extra	O
basically	O
have	O
been	O
set	O
aside	O
for	O
in	O
-	O
vitro	O
fertilization	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
pass	O
it	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
the	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
required	O
to	O
overturn	O
an	O
expected	O
presidential	O
veto	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


But	O
that	O
also	O
has	O
to	O
pass	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Representatives	I-ORG
where	O
you	O
may	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
votes	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
absolutely	O
right	O
/.	O


so	O
unfortunately	O
the	O
outcome	O
is	O
in	O
doubt	O
/.	O


but	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
lives	O
are	O
on	O
the	O
line	O
here	O
/.	O
/.	O


Senator	O
Lieberman	B-PERSON
Senator	O
Kyl	B-PERSON
I	O
want	O
to	O
thank	O
both	O
of	O
you	O
for	O
joining	O
us	O
/.	O


always	O
good	O
to	O
have	O
you	O
on	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
next	O
,	O
Discovery	B-PRODUCT
's	O
astronauts	O
are	O
hard	O
at	O
work	O
in	O
space	O
today	B-DATE
/.	O


but	O
is	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
shuttle	O
program	O
in	O
jeopardy	O
/?	O


We	O
'll	O
get	O
answers	O
from	O
deputy	O
shuttle	O
program	O
manager	O
Wayne	B-PERSON
Hale	I-PERSON
when	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
continues	O
/.	O


We	O
were	O
wrong	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
missed	O
something	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
figure	O
out	O
what	O
it	O
was	O
and	O
uh	O
go	O
fix	O
it	O
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
Shannon	I-PERSON
the	O
shuttle	O
flight	O
operations	O
manager	O
for	O
NASA	B-ORG
talking	O
about	O
the	O
piece	O
of	O
foam	O
that	O
broke	O
off	O
the	O
Discovery	B-PRODUCT
shuttle	O
shortly	O
after	O
lift	O
-	O
off	O
this	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
/.	O


That	O
mishap	O
prompted	O
NASA	B-ORG
to	O
ground	O
all	O
future	O
shuttle	O
flights	O
/.	O


Still	O
Discovery	B-PRODUCT
's	O
mission	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
US	B-GPE
manned	O
space	O
trip	O
since	O
the	O
Columbia	B-PRODUCT
shuttle	O
explosion	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
is	O
being	O
extended	O
by	O
one	O
day	O
/.	O


Just	O
a	O
short	O
while	O
ago	O
I	O
spoke	O
with	O
shuttle	O
program	O
deputy	O
manager	O
Wayne	B-PERSON
Hale	I-PERSON
from	O
the	B-ORG
Johnson	I-ORG
Space	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
in	O
Houston	B-GPE
Texas	B-GPE
/.	O


Wayne	B-PERSON
Hale	I-PERSON
welcome	O
to	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


thanks	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
joining	O
us	O
/.	O


So	O
I	O
guess	O
the	O
key	O
question	O
on	O
everyone	O
's	O
mind	O
right	O
now	O
are	O
those	O
astronauts	O
uh	O
in	O
danger	O
upon	O
their	O
return	O
to	O
Earth	B-LOC
/?	O


good	O
morning	B-TIME
it	O
's	O
good	O
to	O
be	O
here	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
answer	O
to	O
that	O
is	O
of	O
course	O
they	O
are	O
/.	O


Returning	O
from	O
Earth	B-LOC
orbit	O
,	O
traveling	O
twenty	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
five	I-QUANTITY
thousand	I-QUANTITY
uh	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
per	O
second	O
seventeen	B-QUANTITY
thousand	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
an	O
hour	O
,	O
coming	O
to	O
a	O
complete	O
dead	O
stop	O
at	O
a	O
runway	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
that	O
is	O
a	O
hazardous	O
operation	O
/.	O


The	O
way	O
we	O
minimize	O
the	O
risk	O
and	O
maximize	O
the	O
safety	O
for	O
the	O
crew	O
is	O
by	O
thorough	O
engineering	O
analysis	O
and	O
review	O
of	O
every	O
potential	O
hazard	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
doing	O
that	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
crew	O
will	O
be	O
as	O
safe	O
as	O
normal	O
coming	O
back	O
uh	O
when	O
we	O
get	O
ready	O
to	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
today	I-DATE
/.	O


Are	O
they	O
in	O
greater	O
danger	O
because	O
of	O
that	O
miscalculation	O
of	O
that	O
small	O
piece	O
of	O
foam	O
emerging	O
upon	O
lift	O
-	O
off	O
/?	O


Well	O
the	O
short	O
answer	O
is	O
no	O
/.	O


That	O
uh	O
piece	O
of	O
foam	O
missed	O
the	O
vehicle	O
/.	O


and	O
any	O
damage	O
that	O
might	O
have	O
occurred	O
is	O
uh	O
hypothetical	O
/.	O


That	O
is	O
the	O
problem	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
solve	O
for	O
the	O
next	O
flight	O
/.	O


For	O
this	O
flight	O
we	O
understand	O
what	O
happened	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
orbiter	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
believe	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
safe	O
to	O
re-enter	O
/.	O


Is	O
that	O
a	B-PERCENT
hundred	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
sure	O
now	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
return	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
tomorrow	I-DATE
uh	O
aboard	O
the	O
Discovery	B-PRODUCT
shuttle	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
some	O
emergency	O
procedure	O
that	O
might	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
bring	O
them	O
back	O
/?	O


We	O
have	O
maintained	O
the	O
emergency	O
uh	O
rescue	O
vehicle	O
on	O
stand	O
by	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
for	O
a	O
couple	O
more	O
days	O
until	O
we	O
have	O
completed	O
all	O
our	O
entry	O
analysis	O
/.	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
we	O
'll	O
release	O
the	O
uh	O
Atlantis	B-PRODUCT
for	O
its	O
normal	O
processing	O
for	O
its	O
next	O
flight	O
/.	O


So	O
as	O
of	O
right	O
now	O
we	O
have	O
not	O
taken	O
a	O
rescue	O
off	O
the	O
table	O
/.	O


but	O
we	O
think	O
the	O
probability	O
is	O
remote	O
/.	O


Listen	O
to	O
what	O
a	O
former	O
NASA	B-ORG
engineer	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Dougherty	I-PERSON
said	O
to	O
our	O
Miles	B-PERSON
O'Brien	I-PERSON
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
about	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
this	O
rescue	O
emergency	O
vehicle	O
being	O
required	O
/.	O


I	O
wrote	O
a	O
letter	O
to	O
the	O
President	O
telling	O
him	O
that	O
we	O
should	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
full	O
crew	O
on	O
this	O
thing	O
/.	O


We	O
should	O
only	O
fly	O
four	B-CARDINAL
people	O
because	O
of	O
situations	O
like	O
this	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
/.	O


Well	O
the	O
rescue	O
vehicle	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
required	O
will	O
have	O
only	O
four	B-CARDINAL
people	O
on	O
it	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
provisions	O
to	O
bring	O
back	O
the	O
entire	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
person	O
crew	O
of	O
Discovery	B-PRODUCT
if	O
required	O
in	O
an	O
emergency	O
situation	O
/.	O


We	O
certainly	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
/.	O


But	O
we	O
're	O
holding	O
that	O
preparation	O
um	O
in	O
readiness	O
in	O
case	O
something	O
changes	O
/.	O


how	O
do	O
you	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


do	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
rescue	O
vehicle	O
go	O
back	O
and	O
do	O
that	O
twice	O
/.	O


is	O
that	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
saying	O
/?	O


No	O
the	O
uh	O
rescue	O
vehicle	O
Atlantis	B-PRODUCT
is	O
outfitted	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
launch	O
it	O
with	O
a	O
crew	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
and	O
we	O
have	O
seating	O
for	O
the	O
full	O
Discovery	B-PRODUCT
crew	O
plus	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
on	O
the	O
rescue	O
vehicle	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
bringing	O
home	O
eleven	O
persons	O
if	O
that	O
became	O
a	O
necessary	O
thing	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


We	O
've	O
made	O
the	O
accommodations	O
/.	O


we	O
've	O
built	O
the	O
recumbant	O
seats	O
um	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
emergency	O
provisions	O
to	O
bring	O
back	O
that	O
larger	O
crew	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
rescue	O
flight	O
if	O
required	O
/.	O


How	O
did	O
this	O
miscalculation	O
happen	O
/?	O


You	O
know	O
we	O
looked	O
very	O
hard	O
at	O
the	O
foam	O
on	O
the	O
pal	O
ramp	O
before	O
flight	O
/.	O


We	O
looked	O
at	O
it	O
with	O
uh	O
X	O
ray	O
light	O
machines	O
/.	O


We	O
looked	O
at	O
it	O
with	O
a	O
special	O
uh	O
high	O
frequency	O
radar	O
type	O
machine	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
any	O
small	O
voids	O
or	O
um	O
areas	O
where	O
the	O
glue	O
that	O
binds	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
uh	O
substrate	O
might	O
have	O
come	O
loose	O
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
did	O
not	O
see	O
anything	O
of	O
significance	O
/.	O


So	O
right	O
now	O
we	O
are	O
scratching	O
our	O
heads	O
trying	O
to	O
understand	O
what	O
mechanism	O
caused	O
this	O
piece	O
of	O
foam	O
to	O
come	O
off	O
/.	O


It	O
must	O
be	O
different	O
than	O
the	O
uh	O
mechanism	O
that	O
we	O
had	O
identified	O
earlier	O
uh	O
and	O
had	O
done	O
work	O
on	O
other	O
areas	O
to	O
prevent	O
uh	O
foam	O
loss	O
from	O
occurring	O
/.	O


So	O
the	O
engineers	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
another	O
look	O
at	O
this	O
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
thought	O
we	O
understood	O
what	O
we	O
had	O
/.	O


clearly	O
we	O
were	O
wrong	O
/.	O


And	O
more	O
work	O
is	O
required	O
/.	O


The	B-ORG
Los	I-ORG
Angles	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
had	O
an	O
editorial	O
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
that	O
included	O
a	O
uh	O
shocking	O
line	O
/.	O


I	O
just	O
want	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
true	O
/.	O


It	O
said	O
this	O
/.	O


The	O
aged	O
shuttle	O
Discovery	B-PRODUCT
is	O
twenty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
/.	O
/.	O


are	O
already	O
at	O
more	O
than	O
twice	O
their	O
intended	O
design	O
life	O
/.	O


Engineers	O
are	O
sometimes	O
reduced	O
to	O
hunting	O
for	O
obsolete	O
hardware	O
and	O
electronics	O
on	O
Ebay	B-ORG
/.	O


Is	O
that	O
true	O
/?	O


Well	O
the	O
shuttle	O
was	O
designed	O
for	O
a	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
flights	O
in	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
the	O
Discovery	B-PRODUCT
for	O
example	O
almost	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
has	O
flown	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
times	O
/.	O


So	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
length	O
of	O
time	O
they	O
are	O
older	O
than	O
they	O
were	O
designed	O
for	O
/.	O


But	O
we	O
have	O
in	O
fact	O
upgraded	O
areas	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
ongoing	O
programs	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
pure	O
age	O
on	O
hardware	O
/.	O


This	O
hardware	O
is	O
very	O
well	O
maintained	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
uh	O
environmentally	O
controlled	O
areas	O
where	O
we	O
do	O
all	O
our	O
work	O
/.	O


so	O
we	O
believe	O
we	O
understand	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
aging	O
on	O
our	O
equipment	O
/.	O


some	O
of	O
the	O
ground	O
test	O
equipment	O
that	O
was	O
designed	O
in	O
the	O
late	B-DATE
seventies	I-DATE
or	O
early	B-DATE
eighties	I-DATE
that	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
updated	O
/.	O


Occasionally	O
they	O
have	O
had	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
some	O
unusual	O
places	O
to	O
find	O
replacement	O
parts	O
/.	O


but	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
ground	O
equipment	O
uh	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
referring	O
to	O
not	O
the	O
flight	O
equipment	O
/.	O


Including	O
eBay	B-ORG
/?	O


uh	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
exactly	O
where	O
they	O
've	O
gone	O
/.	O


but	O
they	O
have	O
told	O
me	O
they	O
've	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
ingenious	O
sometimes	O
to	O
find	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
older	O
electronic	O
parts	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
almost	O
completely	O
out	O
of	O
time	O
/.	O


but	O
a	O
quick	O
question	O
/.	O


When	O
do	O
you	O
believe	O
if	O
it	O
happens	O
the	O
next	O
shuttle	O
will	O
take	O
off	O
/?	O


Well	O
we	O
are	O
putting	O
together	O
a	O
team	O
that	O
will	O
go	O
off	O
and	O
do	O
an	O
investigation	O
uh	O
and	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
solution	O
on	O
this	O
problem	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
am	O
very	O
hopeful	O
that	O
the	O
delay	O
will	O
be	O
short	O
/.	O


Uh	O
it	O
's	O
our	O
intention	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
this	O
and	O
fix	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
very	O
rapid	O
manner	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
windows	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
November	B-DATE
December	B-DATE
and	O
uh	O
then	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
I	O
believe	O
we	O
'll	O
be	O
flying	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
near	O
term	O
windows	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
the	O
matter	O
is	O
we	O
must	O
understand	O
what	O
this	O
problem	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
this	O
pal	O
ramp	O
foam	O
loss	O
problem	O
and	O
provide	O
a	O
solution	O
to	O
it	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
unacceptable	O
to	O
fly	O
until	O
we	O
fix	O
it	O
/.	O


Well	O
good	O
luck	O
uh	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
NASA	B-ORG
especially	O
those	O
astronauts	O
on	O
board	O
the	O
Discovery	B-PRODUCT
/.	O


and	O
we	O
'll	O
be	O
praying	O
and	O
hoping	O
for	O
the	O
best	O
/.	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
Mr.	O
Hale	B-PERSON
for	O
joining	O
us	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
/.	O


And	O
do	O
n't	O
forget	O
our	O
Web	O
question	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
should	O
religion	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
new	O
constitution	O
/.	O


you	O
can	O
cast	O
your	O
vote	O
/.	O


Go	O
to	O
CNN	O
dot	O
com	O
slash	O
late	O
edition	O
/.	O


we	O
'll	O
have	O
the	O
results	O
in	O
the	B-TIME
next	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
much	O
more	O
ahead	O
on	O
Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
including	O
Egypt	B-GPE
's	O
prime	O
minister	O
Akmed	B-PERSON
Alze	I-PERSON
the	O
pressure	O
for	O
political	O
reform	O
inside	O
his	O
own	O
country	O
and	O
much	O
more	O
/.	O


Then	O
a	O
successful	O
reign	O
in	O
terror	O
in	O
Great	B-GPE
Britian	I-GPE
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
assess	O
the	O
lingering	O
threat	O
uh	O
in	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
from	O
three	B-CARDINAL
security	O
experts	O
/.	O


Late	B-WORK_OF_ART
Edition	I-WORK_OF_ART
continues	O
right	O
at	O
the	B-TIME
top	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
/.	O


Journalists	O
sources	O
and	O
jail	O
/.	O


a	O
conversation	O
with	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Woodward	I-PERSON
about	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
leak	O
investigation	O
Judith	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
his	O
long	O
and	O
tortured	O
relationship	O
with	O
Deep	B-PERSON
Throat	I-PERSON
and	O
trying	O
to	O
crack	O
the	O
secrecy	O
surrounding	O
the	O
supreme	O
court	O
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
this	O
one	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
edition	O
of	O
reliable	O
sources	O
/.	O


With	O
Judith	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
in	O
jail	O
and	O
Washington	B-GPE
in	O
an	O
uproar	O
over	O
journalists	O
protecting	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
and	O
other	O
high	O
level	O
administration	O
sources	O
in	O
the	O
Valerie	B-PERSON
Plame	I-PERSON
leak	O
investigation	O
who	O
better	O
to	O
check	O
in	O
with	O
than	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Woodward	I-PERSON
the	O
author	O
most	O
recently	O
of	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Secret	I-WORK_OF_ART
Man	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	O
new	O
book	O
about	O
his	O
relationship	O
with	O
the	O
famous	O
Watergate	B-EVENT
source	O
Deep	B-PERSON
Throat	I-PERSON
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
my	O
conversation	O
with	O
the	O
Washington	B-ORG
Post	I-ORG
assistant	O
managing	O
editor	O
/.	O


Judith	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
in	O
jail	O
for	O
protecting	O
her	O
sources	O
an	O
act	O
of	O
conscience	O
ah	O
paying	O
a	O
heavy	O
price	O
/.	O


but	O
is	O
n't	O
there	O
a	O
minimal	O
public	O
sympathy	O
for	O
her	O
because	O
these	O
sources	O
were	O
not	O
exposing	O
wrongdoing	O
as	O
Deep	B-PERSON
Throat	I-PERSON
did	O
but	O
outing	O
a	O
CIA	B-ORG
operative	O
/?	O


Um	O
yes	O
ah	O
apparently	O
/.	O


Ah	O
again	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
there	O
's	O
any	O
crime	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
/.	O


Um	O
the	O
special	O
prosecutor	O
's	O
been	O
working	O
eighteen	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
/.	O


Uh	O
eighteen	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
into	O
Watergate	B-EVENT
we	O
knew	O
about	O
the	O
tapes	O
/.	O


people	O
were	O
in	O
jail	O
/.	O


people	O
had	O
pled	O
guilty	O
/.	O


in	O
other	O
words	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
solid	O
evidentary	O
trail	O
/.	O


Well	O
but	O
crime	O
or	O
not	O
it	O
looks	O
like	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
political	O
dirty	O
work	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
it	O
here	O
/.	O


Well	O
I	O
mean	O
it	O
may	O
just	O
be	O
politics	O
as	O
usual	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
Rove	B-PERSON
's	O
ah	O
defenders	O
say	O
look	O
,	O
the	O
evidence	O
is	O
/-	O


and	O
the	O
evidence	O
is	O
ah	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
saying	O
ah	O
um	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Wilson	I-PERSON
who	O
was	O
uh	O
criticizing	O
the	O
administration	O
on	O
weapons	O
of	O
mass	O
destruction	O
really	O
had	O
an	O
axe	O
to	O
grind	O
and	O
got	O
his	O
job	O
because	O
his	O
wife	O
had	O
worked	O
at	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
and	O
recommended	O
him	O
/.	O


So	O
there	O
's	O
fuzziness	O
to	O
this	O
/.	O


Now	O
it	O
may	O
turn	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
ah	O
worse	O
than	O
Watergate	B-EVENT
/.	O


ah	O
but	O
ah	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
look	O
that	O
way	O
now	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
I	O
asked	O
the	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
editor	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Keller	I-PERSON
ah	O
this	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
about	O
whether	O
the	O
newspaper	O
and	O
Judy	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
were	O
acting	O
above	O
the	O
law	O
after	O
losing	O
in	O
the	O
courts	O
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
what	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
say	O
/.	O


the	O
above	O
the	O
law	O
thing	O
is	O
a	O
little	O
gratuitous	O
ah	O
I	O
think	O
/.	O


Ah	O
I	O
mean	O
the	O
law	O
presented	O
Judy	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
with	O
a	O
choice	O
she	O
could	O
betray	O
her	O
trust	O
ah	O
or	O
she	O
could	O
go	O
to	O
jail	O
/.	O


and	O
she	O
took	O
what	O
I	O
believe	O
is	O
the	O
brave	O
and	O
honorable	O
choice	O
/.	O


she	O
went	O
to	O
jail	O
/.	O


we	O
ran	O
out	O
of	O
law	O
/.	O


Could	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
subpeonaed	O
ah	O
and	O
threatened	O
with	O
jail	O
during	O
Watergate	B-EVENT
/.	O


or	O
was	O
the	O
climate	O
toward	O
the	O
press	O
so	O
much	O
different	O
then	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
different	O
/.	O


Ah	O
assuredly	O
Carl	O
Berstein	O
and	O
I	O
could	O
've	O
been	O
subpoenaed	O
ah	O
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
worry	O
about	O
it	O
/?	O


Sure	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
/.	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
happened	O
ah	O
/.	O


There	O
were	O
so	O
many	O
specifics	O
in	O
our	O
stories	O
ah	O
about	O
money	O
and	O
high	O
level	O
people	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
house	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
campaign	O
that	O
the	O
prosecutors	O
could	O
subpoena	O
them	O
and	O
get	O
them	O
to	O
talk	O
which	O
eventually	O
they	O
did	O
/.	O


and	O
there	O
were	O
Senate	B-ORG
hearings	O
when	O
ah	O
everyone	O
testified	O
in	O
public	O
/.	O


So	O
you	O
had	O
ah	O
very	O
very	O
different	O
circumstances	O
/.	O


So	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
agree	O
with	O
the	O
editor	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
that	O
ah	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
perfect	O
case	O
Judy	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
/.	O


but	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
and	O
special	O
prosecutors	O
monkeying	O
around	O
with	O
the	O
relationship	O
that	O
reporters	O
have	O
with	O
sources	O
ah	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
very	O
bad	O
thing	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
Matt	B-PERSON
Cooper	I-PERSON
business	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
not	O
to	O
ah	O
spend	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
time	O
on	O
the	O
details	O
/.	O


Pull	O
a	O
camera	O
back	O
/.	O


what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
here	O
/.	O


But	O
you	O
know	O
better	O
than	O
anyone	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
informal	O
network	O
of	O
reporters	O
and	O
government	O
people	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
democrats	B-NORP
republicans	B-NORP
ah	O
liberals	O
conservatives	O
who	O
talk	O
to	O
reporters	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
may	O
talk	O
to	O
somebody	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
will	O
talk	O
about	O
ninety	B-CARDINAL
or	O
a	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
subjects	O
/.	O


what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
/.	O


what	O
do	O
you	O
hear	O
/.	O


what	O
does	O
this	O
look	O
like	O
/.	O


where	O
is	O
that	O
going	O
/.	O


what	O
do	O
n't	O
we	O
know	O
/.	O


And	O
then	O
something	O
comes	O
up	O
like	O
this	O
where	O
suddenly	O
you	O
're	O
dealing	O
with	O
a	O
covert	O
operative	O
/.	O


Maybe	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
expect	O
the	O
person	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
/.	O


but	O
you	O
've	O
given	O
your	O
word	O
,	O
you	O
've	O
given	O
your	O
pledge	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
protect	O
this	O
person	O
/.	O


Yes	O
but	O
when	O
we	O
learn	O
all	O
about	O
this	O
um	O
I	O
think	O
very	O
few	O
people	O
knew	O
she	O
was	O
a	O
covert	O
operative	O
in	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
,	O
that	O
she	O
worked	O
in	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
as	O
a	O
weapons	O
of	O
mass	O
destruction	O
analyst	O
/.	O


so	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
banter	O
that	O
goes	O
on	O
that	O
helps	O
the	O
public	O
and	O
us	O
figure	O
out	O
uh	O
what	O
the	O
stories	O
are	O
,	O
what	O
's	O
being	O
hidden	O
ah	O
what	O
games	O
are	O
being	O
played	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
/.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
do	O
n't	O
underestimate	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
these	O
background	O
or	O
off	O
the	O
record	O
conversations	O
/.	O


/.	O


exactly	O
it	O
sounds	O
kind	O
of	O
like	O
a	O
BS	O
session	O
/.	O


and	O
some	O
of	O
it	O
is	O
/.	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
vital	O
lifeline	O
to	O
the	O
underbelly	O
of	O
government	O
/.	O


For	O
the	O
special	O
prosecutor	O
to	O
come	O
roaring	O
in	O
here	O
with	O
a	O
tank	O
and	O
say	O
ah	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
destroy	O
that	O
and	O
ah	O
here	O
look	O
at	O
Judy	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
,	O
she	O
never	O
wrote	O
a	O
story	O
about	O
this	O
this	O
is	O
totally	O
ridiculous	O
/.	O


Right	O
you	O
mentioned	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
/.	O


Newsweek	B-ORG
reports	O
that	O
he	O
discussed	O
Plame	B-PERSON
/.	O


and	O
we	O
have	O
the	O
email	O
now	O
ah	O
with	O
Matt	B-PERSON
Cooper	I-PERSON
/.	O


New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
reports	O
that	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
discussed	O
Plame	B-PERSON
with	O
Carl	B-PERSON
Novak	I-PERSON
/.	O


Um	O
does	O
any	O
of	O
this	O
reporting	O
make	O
you	O
uncomfortable	O
given	O
all	O
the	O
books	O
and	O
articles	O
written	O
about	O
who	O
Deep	B-PERSON
Throat	I-PERSON
was	O
that	O
reporters	O
are	O
now	O
going	O
up	O
to	O
other	O
reporters	O
'	O
sources	O
on	O
this	O
story	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
sure	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
prosecutor	O
's	O
making	O
a	O
mistake	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
judge	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
should	O
've	O
been	O
much	O
more	O
rigorous	O
in	O
making	O
the	O
government	O
really	O
show	O
they	O
have	O
evidence	O
of	O
a	O
crime	O
and	O
they	O
need	O
this	O
testimony	O
/.	O


now	O
it	O
may	O
turn	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
different	O
/.	O


but	O
all	O
the	O
discussions	O
that	O
Rove	B-PERSON
had	O
with	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
reporters	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Novak	I-PERSON
and	O
Matt	B-PERSON
Cooper	I-PERSON
that	O
we	O
know	O
about	O
and	O
there	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
others	O
were	O
not	O
about	O
Valerie	B-PERSON
Plame	I-PERSON
as	O
a	O
covert	O
undercover	O
CIA	B-ORG
operative	O
whose	O
identity	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
protected	O
like	O
the	O
crown	O
jewels	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


it	O
was	O
about	O
somebody	O
in	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
who	O
was	O
an	O
analyst	O
who	O
got	O
her	O
husband	O
this	O
job	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Africa	B-LOC
to	O
see	O
if	O
they	O
could	O
find	O
evidence	O
of	O
wh-	O
/-	O


But	O
her	O
husband	O
being	O
a	O
prominent	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
critic	O
who	O
clearly	O
the	O
administration	O
was	O
angry	O
at	O
and	O
wanted	O
to	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
sure	O
but	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
know	O
ah	O
welcome	O
to	O
ah	O
Washington	B-GPE
and	O
politics	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
saying	O
it	O
's	O
hardball	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
a-	O
/-	O


now	O
the	O
question	O
is	O
I	O
mean	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
/.	O


I	O
wo	O
n't	O
answer	O
it	O
/.	O


you	O
ah	O
/-	O


/.	O


Does	O
this	O
go	O
beyond	O
the	O
boundaries	O
of	O
the	O
normal	O
interchange	O
of	O
information	O
/?	O


Based	O
on	O
what	O
I	O
've	O
seen	O
does	O
n't	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
're	O
cutting	O
into	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
mistake	O
/.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
ask	O
you	O
about	O
Scott	B-PERSON
McClellan	I-PERSON
who	O
as	O
you	O
know	O
has	O
been	O
just	O
uh	O
eviscerated	O
by	O
reporters	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
take	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
Monday	B-DATE
's	O
breifing	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
questions	O
about	O
Rove	B-PERSON
/.	O


Scott	B-PERSON
I	O
mean	O
I	O
mean	O
this	O
is	O
ridiculous	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
stand	O
before	O
us	O
after	O
having	O
commented	O
with	O
that	O
level	O
of	O
detail	O
and	O
tell	O
people	O
watching	O
this	O
that	O
somehow	O
you	O
've	O
decided	O
not	O
to	O
talk	O
/.	O


Now	O
that	O
Rove	B-PERSON
has	O
in	O
a	O
sense	O
been	O
caught	O
red	O
-	O
handed	O
peddling	O
this	O
information	O
all	O
of	O
a	O
sudden	O
you	O
have	O
respect	O
for	O
the	O
sanctity	O
of	O
a	O
criminal	O
investigation	O
/?	O


Does	O
McClellan	B-PERSON
's	O
role	O
here	O
remind	O
you	O
at	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
spokesman	O
Ron	B-PERSON
Zeigler	I-PERSON
calling	O
Watergate	B-EVENT
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
-	O
rate	O
burglary	O
and	O
stonewalling	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
Watergate	B-EVENT
term	O
/?	O


Is	O
the	O
administration	O
stonewalling	O
here	O
/?	O


Well	O
/.	O


Scott	B-PERSON
McClellan	I-PERSON
is	O
stonewalling	O
and	O
saying	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
answer	O
/.	O


but	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
denying	O
things	O
/.	O


he	O
earlier	O
said	O
totally	O
ridiculous	O
/.	O


He	O
earlier	O
was	O
doing	O
/-	O


Yeah	O
but	O
was	O
involved	O
in	O
what	O
/?	O


Involved	O
in	O
criminal	O
disclosure	O
of	O
this	O
ah	O
woman	O
's	O
identity	O
or	O
involved	O
in	O
this	O
free	O
interchange	O
ah	O
/.	O


Now	O
I	O
admit	O
you	O
know	O
noone	O
knows	O
the	O
answer	O
to	O
this	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
think	O
the	O
special	O
prosecutor	O
knows	O
the	O
answer	O
to	O
this	O
/.	O


So	O
ah	O
let	O
's	O
wait	O
and	O
see	O
/.	O


but	O
here	O
's	O
the	O
lesson	O
/.	O


be	O
careful	O
what	O
you	O
say	O
ah	O
particularly	O
early	O
in	O
an	O
inquiry	O
/.	O


and	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
main	O
lesson	O
of	O
Watergate	B-EVENT
/.	O


in	O
these	O
sort	O
of	O
uh	O
scandals	O
you	O
know	O
better	O
than	O
anyone	O
/.	O


get	O
the	O
full	O
story	O
out	O
completely	O
at	O
the	O
start	O
so	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
drag	O
it	O
out	O
of	O
you	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
in	O
/.	O


we	O
're	O
in	O
the	O
dragging	O
out	O
phase	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
turning	O
now	O
to	O
the	O
secret	O
man	O
and	O
your	O
relationship	O
with	O
Deep	B-PERSON
Throat	I-PERSON
Mark	B-PERSON
Felt	I-PERSON
then	O
the	O
number	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
official	O
in	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
you	O
grapple	O
with	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
why	O
did	O
he	O
do	O
it	O
,	O
why	O
did	O
he	O
risk	O
his	O
career	O
to	O
meet	O
you	O
in	O
that	O
parking	O
garage	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
still	O
not	O
sure	O
/.	O


No	O
I	O
am	O
/.	O


I	O
lay	O
out	O
the	O
reasons	O
/.	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
layered	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
most	O
human	O
motivation	O
/.	O


Um	O
there	O
're	O
many	O
um	O
reasons	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
're	O
uh	O
occurring	O
simultaneously	O
/.	O


But	O
what	O
outraged	O
/-	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


And	O
in	O
your	O
question	O
you	O
have	O
an	O
assumption	O
/.	O


did	O
he	O
risk	O
his	O
career	O
/.	O


you	O
see	O
ah	O
/-	O


Was	O
n't	O
it	O
dangerous	O
/?	O


It	O
was	O
dangerous	O
/.	O


but	O
we	O
set	O
up	O
these	O
clandestine	O
meetings	O
ah	O
and	O
clandestine	O
signals	O
so	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
risk	O
his	O
career	O
/.	O


I	O
was	O
pledged	O
to	O
tell	O
noone	O
/.	O


he	O
set	O
up	O
this	O
system	O
so	O
noone	O
would	O
know	O
that	O
we	O
were	O
talking	O
/.	O


and	O
so	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
he	O
was	O
concerned	O
yes	O
there	O
's	O
always	O
risk	O
in	O
something	O
like	O
this	O
/.	O


but	O
he	O
had	O
taken	O
such	O
extreme	O
care	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
minimal	O
risk	O
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
take	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
who	O
most	O
people	O
think	O
of	O
when	O
they	O
think	O
of	O
Deep	B-PERSON
Throat	I-PERSON
/.	O


they	O
think	O
of	O
Hal	B-PERSON
Holbrook	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
movie	O
All	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
President	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Men	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
watch	O
/.	O


The	O
story	O
has	O
stalled	O
on	O
us	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
thought	O
I	O
'd	O
help	O
/?	O


I	O
'll	O
never	O
quote	O
you	O
/.	O


I	O
would	O
n't	O
quote	O
you	O
even	O
as	O
an	O
anonymous	O
source	O
/.	O


You	O
'd	O
be	O
on	O
deep	O
background	O
/.	O


But	O
of	O
course	O
in	O
your	O
book	O
with	O
Carl	B-PERSON
Bernstein	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
movie	O
you	O
do	O
describe	O
a	O
Deep	B-PERSON
Throat	I-PERSON
character	O
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
have	O
any	O
reservations	O
about	O
that	O
/.	O


were	O
you	O
betraying	O
that	O
agreement	O
we	O
just	O
saw	O
/?	O


Ah	O
no	O
I	O
really	O
was	O
n't	O
because	O
he	O
also	O
said	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
agreement	O
was	O
no	O
disclosure	O
but	O
ah	O
like	O
all	O
complicated	O
relationships	O
he	O
said	O
push	O
me	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
a	O
street	O
agent	O
in	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
/.	O


and	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
anywhere	O
unless	O
you	O
push	O
people	O
like	O
Hale	B-PERSON
/.	O


so	O
go	O
ahead	O
/.	O


So	O
there	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
tracks	O
absolute	O
confidentiality	O
but	O
push	O
to	O
get	O
as	O
much	O
information	O
,	O
confirm	O
as	O
much	O
new	O
information	O
as	O
possible	O
/.	O


and	O
ah	O
when	O
we	O
wrote	O
the	O
book	O
ah	O
All	B-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
President	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Men	I-WORK_OF_ART
Carl	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
thought	O
I	O
mean	O
how	O
do	O
you	O
leave	O
Deep	B-PERSON
Throat	I-PERSON
out	O
/?	O


Ah	O
would	O
've	O
been	O
dishonest	O
/.	O


Ah	O
we	O
concealed	O
his	O
identity	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
ah	O
that	O
it	O
remained	O
confidential	O
for	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
thirty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
that	O
book	O
came	O
out	O
and	O
it	O
only	O
was	O
disclosed	O
because	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Felt	I-PERSON
his	O
lawyer	O
and	O
family	O
decided	O
to	O
disclose	O
it	O
/.	O


How	O
did	O
you	O
feel	O
when	O
more	O
recently	O
you	O
saw	O
that	O
FBI	B-ORG
memo	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
signed	O
saying	O
that	O
Woodward	B-PERSON
and	O
Berstein	B-PERSON
were	O
reporting	O
half	O
-	O
truths	O
and	O
fiction	O
and	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
find	O
the	O
leakers	O
this	O
at	O
the	O
very	O
time	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
meeting	O
privately	O
and	O
secretly	O
with	O
you	O
kind	O
of	O
duplicitous	O
/.	O


Yes	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
duplicitous	O
yes	O
/.	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
also	O
very	O
careful	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
addressing	O
a	O
specific	O
story	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
/.	O


And	O
in	O
the	O
memo	O
he	O
says	O
yes	O
clearly	O
ah	O
they	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
FBI	B-ORG
or	O
justice	O
department	O
sources	O
/.	O


And	O
then	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
this	O
leak	O
investigation	O
which	O
he	O
is	O
running	O
he	O
finds	O
the	O
leakers	O
somebody	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
and	O
presumably	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
assistant	O
prosecutors	O
he	O
alleges	O
/.	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
perfect	O
/.	O


Ah	O
and	O
he	O
sends	O
this	O
memo	O
to	O
the	O
acting	O
FBI	B-ORG
director	O
Al	B-PERSON
Patrick	I-PERSON
Grey	I-PERSON
/.	O


and	O
then	O
they	O
send	O
a	O
message	O
to	O
the	O
Attorney	O
General	O
ah	O
saying	O
you	O
know	O
case	O
closed	O
we	O
found	O
out	O
who	O
did	O
it	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
perfect	O
/.	O


Counter-intelligence	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
sophisticated	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
what	O
somebody	O
would	O
do	O
who	O
was	O
a	O
Soviet	B-NORP
spy	O
or	O
a	O
spy	O
in	O
the	O
Kremlin	B-FAC
for	O
us	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


Now	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
seventy	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
Felt	B-PERSON
was	O
convicted	O
later	O
pardoned	O
ah	O
of	O
authorizing	O
black	O
-	O
bag	O
jobs	O
against	O
weathermen	O
underground	O
radicals	O
/.	O


Um	O
did	O
that	O
change	O
your	O
view	O
of	O
him	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
here	O
supposedly	O
he	O
'd	O
been	O
outraged	O
by	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
corruption	O
in	O
dealing	O
with	O
you	O
/.	O


and	O
yet	O
he	O
engaged	O
in	O
some	O
of	O
it	O
himself	O
/.	O


Yes	O
that	O
's	O
right	O
/.	O


and	O
his	O
justification	O
was	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
security	O
threat	O
/.	O


but	O
there	O
's	O
always	O
a	O
security	O
threat	O
/.	O


Um	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
different	O
because	O
what	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
was	O
doing	O
was	O
for	O
political	O
purposes	O
political	O
intelligence	O
um	O
/.	O


The	O
Weathermen	O
were	O
violent	O
/.	O


there	O
's	O
no	O
question	O
about	O
it	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
they	O
posed	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
republic	O
that	O
clearly	O
at	O
this	O
moment	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Felt	I-PERSON
and	O
some	O
other	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
thought	O
/.	O


You	O
write	O
ah	O
here	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Woodward	I-PERSON
that	O
the	O
portrait	O
of	O
me	O
is	O
not	O
all	O
that	O
admirable	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
say	O
that	O
you	O
lied	O
to	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
the	O
Washington	B-ORG
Post	I-ORG
columnist	O
and	O
your	O
colleague	O
ah	O
who	O
wanted	O
to	O
write	O
a	O
column	O
this	O
was	O
twenty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
saying	O
that	O
he	O
thought	O
Felt	B-PERSON
was	O
Deep	B-PERSON
Throat	I-PERSON
/.	O


why	O
did	O
n't	O
you	O
just	O
say	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
it	O
as	O
you	O
did	O
when	O
most	O
journalists	O
asked	O
/?	O


because	O
he	O
had	O
the	O
initials	O
on	O
the	O
memo	O
which	O
were	O
MF	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Felt	I-PERSON
and	O
he	O
knew	O
Carl	B-PERSON
Berstein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
wife	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
assert	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
authority	O
that	O
is	O
rare	O
not	O
rare	O
for	O
Richard	B-PERSON
as	O
a	O
columnist	O
but	O
uh	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
fact	O
/.	O


And	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
sensitive	O
time	O
/.	O


this	O
was	O
when	O
Felt	B-PERSON
was	O
on	O
trial	O
/.	O


this	O
was	O
ah	O
either	O
before	O
or	O
right	O
after	O
,	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
pardoned	O
by	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Reagan	I-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
had	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
source	O
/.	O


and	O
Cohen	B-PERSON
was	O
persistant	O
/.	O


I	O
could	O
n't	O
stop	O
him	O
without	O
lying	O
/.	O


I	O
lied	O
/.	O


I	O
regret	O
doing	O
that	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
've	O
apologized	O
to	O
him	O
since	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
said	O
well	O
of	O
course	O
you	O
lied	O
/.	O


you	O
have	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
source	O
/.	O


Ah	O
it	O
was	O
just	O
one	B-CARDINAL
column	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
break	O
/.	O


When	O
we	O
come	O
back	O
,	O
was	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Felt	I-PERSON
capable	O
of	O
informed	O
consent	O
in	O
releasing	O
his	O
long	O
held	O
secret	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
/?	O


We	O
'll	O
ask	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Woodward	I-PERSON
that	O
question	O
next	O
/.	O


CNN	B-ORG
tonight	B-TIME
at	I-TIME
seven	I-TIME
/.	O


After	O
terrorist	O
target	O
London	B-GPE
how	O
's	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
winning	O
the	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
/?	O


Then	O
at	O
eight	B-TIME
an	O
all	O
new	O
progress	O
report	O
on	O
the	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
on	I-EVENT
Terror	I-EVENT
/.	O


Go	O
beyond	O
the	O
headlines	O
starting	O
with	O
CNN	B-ORG
tonight	B-TIME
seven	I-TIME
eastern	I-TIME
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
Reliable	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sources	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


we	O
're	O
talking	O
to	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Woodward	I-PERSON
about	O
his	O
new	O
book	O
on	O
Deep	B-PERSON
Throat	I-PERSON
/.	O


For	O
years	B-DATE
you	O
were	O
tempted	O
to	O
call	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Felt	I-PERSON
and	O
to	O
renew	O
and	O
perhaps	O
repair	O
your	O
relationship	O
with	O
him	O
/.	O


You	O
say	O
you	O
were	O
gutless	O
and	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
/.	O


why	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
I	O
was	O
gutless	O
um	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
he	O
had	O
gone	O
through	O
this	O
trial	O
,	O
it	O
looked	O
like	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
jail	O
ah	O
he	O
was	O
devastated	O
and	O
ah	O
/-	O


And	O
he	O
'd	O
been	O
cold	O
toward	O
you	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
yeah	O
he	O
was	O
not	O
happy	O
with	O
the	O
book	O
and	O
the	O
movie	O
ah	O
/.	O


but	O
the	O
main	O
thing	O
is	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
guy	O
ah	O
whose	O
liberty	O
was	O
in	O
jeopardy	O
for	O
about	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


he	O
was	O
pardoned	O
by	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
/.	O


and	O
I	O
felt	O
he	O
dodged	O
a	O
bullet	O
/.	O


Ah	O
his	O
wife	O
was	O
ill	O
/.	O


ah	O
she	O
died	O
I	O
think	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
eighty	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
/.	O


and	O
then	O
he	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
live	O
with	O
his	O
daughter	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
felt	O
look	O
ah	O
his	O
life	O
is	O
fine	O
/.	O


he	O
's	O
happy	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
got	O
other	O
things	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


ah	O
I	O
know	O
what	O
happened	O
/.	O


he	O
knows	O
ah	O
what	O
happened	O
/.	O


what	O
's	O
the	O
loop	O
to	O
close	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
ah	O
very	O
belatedly	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
I	O
went	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
/.	O


and	O
his	O
memory	O
is	O
gone	O
/.	O


/.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
that	O
wonderful	O
kind	O
of	O
human	O
connection	O
that	O
's	O
almost	O
ah	O
primal	O
/.	O


Ah	O
he	O
recognized	O
who	O
I	O
was	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
yeah	O
very	O
emotional	O
/.	O


/.	O


but	O
when	O
you	O
talk	O
about	O
his	O
memory	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
even	O
remember	O
this	O
was	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
or	O
barely	O
remembered	O
that	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Nixon	I-PERSON
had	O
resigned	O
/.	O


Looms	O
large	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
our	O
memories	O
/.	O


so	O
was	O
it	O
surprising	O
shocking	O
disappointing	O
frustrating	O
that	O
he	O
remembered	O
so	O
little	O
/?	O


Let	O
me	O
r-	O
/-	O


Yes	O
that	O
's	O
right	O
/.	O


Sad	O
sad	O
sad	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


And	O
my	O
regret	O
is	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
out	O
there	O
sooner	O
and	O
sit	O
down	O
with	O
him	O
and	O
say	O
look	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
this	O
/.	O


what	O
more	O
is	O
there	O
to	O
it	O
/.	O


how	O
did	O
the	O
signals	O
work	O
/.	O


ah	O
what	O
are	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
were	O
thinking	O
/.	O


Same	O
time	O
I	O
know	O
a	O
lot	O
about	O
his	O
motive	O
of	O
frustration	O
and	O
uh	O
you	O
know	O
reckless	O
uh	O
law	O
-	O
breaking	O
going	O
on	O
in	O
the	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
uh	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
lawbreaking	O
which	O
we	O
have	O
not	O
seen	O
since	O
and	O
I	O
hope	O
we	O
never	O
see	O
again	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
he	O
saw	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
was	O
willing	O
to	O
help	O
/.	O


but	O
he	O
was	O
willing	O
to	O
help	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
/.	O


he	O
did	O
n't	O
look	O
at	O
himself	O
as	O
a	O
leaker	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
in	O
a	O
sense	O
ah	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
look	O
at	O
himself	O
as	O
the	B-PERSON
Deep	I-PERSON
Throat	I-PERSON
who	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
this	O
person	O
who	O
came	O
forward	O
/.	O


The	O
swashbuckling	O
source	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
guiding	O
you	O
/.	O


but	O
he	O
would	O
n't	O
volunteer	O
information	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
he	O
was	O
careful	O
/.	O


he	O
was	O
careful	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
J	B-PERSON
Edgar	I-PERSON
Hoover	I-PERSON
man	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
may	O
find	O
out	O
someday	O
ah	O
I	O
hope	O
we	O
do	O
that	O
he	O
studied	O
at	O
the	O
feet	O
of	O
the	O
master	O
Hoover	B-PERSON
who	O
did	O
things	O
like	O
this	O
a	O
lot	O
/.	O


/.	O


But	O
was	O
he	O
capable	O
now	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
ninety	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
of	O
giving	O
informed	O
consent	O
to	O
go	O
public	O
/.	O


or	O
did	O
you	O
decide	O
you	O
were	O
just	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
push	O
him	O
even	O
if	O
it	O
meant	O
that	O
Vanity	B-ORG
Fair	I-ORG
or	O
somebody	O
else	O
got	O
that	O
story	O
first	B-ORDINAL
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
ah	O
consulted	O
Ben	B-PERSON
Bradley	I-PERSON
the	O
former	O
editor	O
of	O
the	O
Post	B-ORG
/.	O


and	O
he	O
said	O
you	O
really	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
informed	O
consent	O
/.	O


I	O
ah	O
consulted	O
the	O
best	O
lawyer	O
in	O
town	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Barnett	I-PERSON
/.	O


ah	O
and	O
he	O
went	O
through	O
it	O
and	O
said	O
you	O
need	O
voluntary	O
absolute	O
and	O
ah	O
competent	O
ah	O
declaration	O
on	O
his	O
part	O
that	O
you	O
were	O
ah	O
released	O
from	O
this	O
agreement	O
/.	O


and	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
way	O
to	O
get	O
it	O
ah	O
given	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Felt	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
state	O
of	O
mind	O
/.	O


so	O
I	O
backed	O
off	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Woodward	I-PERSON
/.	O


stay	O
put	O
/.	O


when	O
we	O
come	O
back	O
did	O
n't	O
everyone	O
in	O
the	O
press	O
say	O
that	O
William	B-PERSON
Rehnquist	I-PERSON
was	O
about	O
to	O
retire	O
as	O
Cheif	O
Justice	O
/?	O


We	O
'll	O
ask	O
Woodward	B-PERSON
about	O
that	O
in	O
a	B-TIME
moment	I-TIME
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
our	O
conversation	O
with	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Woodward	I-PERSON
/.	O


Speculation	O
about	O
the	O
cheif	O
justice	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
got	O
out	O
of	O
control	O
this	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
/.	O


Many	O
believe	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
time	O
before	O
Chief	O
Justice	O
William	B-PERSON
Rehnquist	I-PERSON
steps	O
down	O
/.	O


My	O
source	O
tells	O
me	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
retire	O
and	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
retiring	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
the	O
President	O
is	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
Air	B-PRODUCT
Force	I-PRODUCT
One	I-PRODUCT
lands	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


What	O
everyone	O
believes	O
and	O
I	O
guess	O
I	O
do	O
agree	O
with	O
this	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
Cheif	O
Justice	O
will	O
now	O
step	O
down	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
that	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
two	B-CARDINAL
vacancies	O
/.	O


Rehnquist	B-PERSON
of	O
course	O
now	O
saying	O
he	O
has	O
no	O
plans	O
to	O
ah	O
step	O
down	O
/.	O


was	O
n't	O
this	O
the	O
press	O
that	O
had	O
speculated	O
worse	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
it	O
was	O
/.	O


and	O
ah	O
kind	O
of	O
stupidly	O
so	O
/.	O


Ah	O
I	O
mean	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
say	O
look	O
he	O
's	O
ill	O
/.	O


ah	O
people	O
are	O
claiming	O
they	O
have	O
inside	O
information	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
thought	O
ah	O
Rehnquist	B-PERSON
said	O
it	O
best	O
when	O
somebody	O
asked	O
him	O
recently	O
and	O
said	O
it	O
's	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
know	O
and	O
you	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
/.	O


I	O
remember	O
hearing	O
that	O
phrase	O
first	B-ORDINAL
in	O
third	B-ORDINAL
grade	O
/.	O


/.	O


Now	O
you	O
wrote	O
a	O
book	O
about	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Brethren	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
Rehnquist	B-PERSON
was	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
/.	O


five	B-CARDINAL
justices	O
cooperated	O
with	O
you	O
you	O
've	O
said	O
/.	O


Rehnquist	B-PERSON
was	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
/?	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
saying	O
/.	O


we	O
do	O
n't	O
disclose	O
our	O
sources	O
/.	O


So	O
there	O
's	O
still	O
Deep	O
Throats	O
on	O
the	O
court	O
/?	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
still	O
protect	O
sources	O
who	O
ah	O
were	O
justices	O
or	O
are	O
justices	O
perhaps	O
/.	O


But	O
you	O
have	O
Lewis	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
your	O
sources	O
because	O
he	O
's	O
passed	O
away	O
/.	O


Yes	O
yes	O
he	O
's	O
deceased	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
interesting	O
having	O
a	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
justice	O
who	O
's	O
a	O
confidential	O
source	O
/.	O


Ah	O
someday	O
when	O
my	O
notes	O
on	O
this	O
are	O
released	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
justices	O
saying	O
come	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
door	O
/.	O


ah	O
ah	O
do	O
n't	O
quote	O
a	O
Justice	O
because	O
somebody	O
will	O
say	O
which	O
son	O
of	O
a	O
bitch	O
talked	O
/.	O


/.	O


Why	O
do	O
n't	O
justices	O
talk	O
on	O
the	O
record	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
's	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
secretive	O
shadowy	O
institution	O
/.	O


Um	O
should	O
they	O
give	O
more	O
interviews	O
to	O
people	O
like	O
you	O
/?	O


Oh	O
of	O
course	O
oh	O
yes	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
need	O
more	O
sunlight	O
on	O
all	O
institutions	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
Scott	B-PERSON
Armstrong	I-PERSON
and	O
I	O
did	O
the	O
book	O
ah	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
/.	O


Ah	O
people	O
now	O
realize	O
that	O
lots	O
of	O
the	O
justices	O
'	O
papers	O
are	O
avaliable	O
how	O
incredibly	O
accurate	O
and	O
carefully	O
that	O
book	O
was	O
done	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
well	O
I	O
love	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
justices	O
spinning	O
you	O
on	O
background	O
at	O
least	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
their	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
truth	O
out	O
/.	O


Ah	O
just	O
breifly	O
ah	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Felt	I-PERSON
ah	O
we	O
were	O
talking	O
about	O
he	O
's	O
made	O
his	O
own	O
book	O
and	O
movie	O
deal	O
/.	O


Ah	O
can	O
you	O
see	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Hanks	I-PERSON
playing	O
Deep	B-PERSON
Throat	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
next	O
movie	O
/?	O


Um	O
anything	O
's	O
possible	O
/.	O


maybe	O
he	O
'll	O
be	O
playing	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
next	O
movie	O
/.	O


who	O
knows	O
ah	O
/.	O


Funny	O
things	O
happen	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
ah	O
Felt	B-PERSON
's	O
lawyer	O
and	O
family	O
can	O
do	O
ah	O
something	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
add	O
to	O
the	O
record	O
on	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
we	O
'll	O
wait	O
and	O
see	O
/.	O


Bob	B-PERSON
Woodward	I-PERSON
thanks	O
for	O
joining	O
us	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
charged	O
with	O
public	O
intoxication	O
and	O
resisting	O
arrest	O
/.	O


Police	O
are	O
facing	O
more	O
rowdy	O
behavior	O
as	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
'	I-GPE
nightlife	O
makes	O
a	O
comeback	O
/.	O


But	O
officials	O
said	O
the	O
force	O
used	O
in	O
this	O
arrest	O
was	O
not	O
appropriate	O
/.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
excuse	O
for	O
officers	O
not	O
maintaining	O
the	O
high	O
standards	O
of	O
this	O
agency	O
and	O
serving	O
this	O
public	O
/.	O


New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
police	O
have	O
already	O
lost	O
their	O
superintendent	O
been	O
accused	O
of	O
looting	O
and	O
seen	O
two	B-CARDINAL
colleagues	O
take	O
their	O
own	O
lives	O
during	O
Katrina	B-EVENT
stress	O
that	O
surfaced	O
when	O
this	O
officer	O
grabbed	O
a	O
producer	O
from	O
Associated	B-ORG
Press	I-ORG
television	I-ORG
who	O
caught	O
the	O
arrest	O
on	O
tape	O
/.	O


Some	O
say	O
they	O
now	O
fear	O
a	O
racial	O
backlash	O
because	O
Davis	B-PERSON
the	O
suspect	O
was	O
black	O
and	O
the	O
officers	O
appear	O
white	O
mistrust	O
that	O
may	O
threaten	O
the	O
fragile	O
recovery	O
in	O
a	O
town	O
that	O
has	O
already	O
been	O
through	O
enough	O
/.	O


That	O
was	O
Carl	B-PERSON
Kitnea	I-PERSON
/.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
police	O
officers	O
in	O
those	O
pictures	O
Lance	B-PERSON
Schilling	I-PERSON
uh	O
and	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Evangelist	I-PERSON
who	O
subdued	O
Davis	B-PERSON
and	O
SE	O
Smith	B-PERSON
who	O
allegedly	O
grabbed	O
the	O
AP	O
uh	O
producer	O
were	O
in	O
municipal	O
court	O
today	O
/.	O


They	O
pled	O
not	O
guilty	O
to	O
simple	O
battery	O
charges	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
misdemeanor	O
trial	O
set	O
for	O
January	B-DATE
eleventh	I-DATE
/.	O


The	O
officers	O
are	O
out	O
on	O
bond	O
/.	O


Before	O
we	O
talk	O
to	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
police	O
let	O
me	O
say	O
we	O
are	O
getting	O
late	O
breaking	O
word	O
from	O
the	O
attorney	O
uh	O
for	O
the	O
man	O
on	O
that	O
tape	O
now	O
saying	O
his	O
client	O
was	O
not	O
even	O
drinking	O
that	O
night	O
/.	O


Captain	O
Marlon	B-PERSON
Defillo	I-PERSON
spokesman	O
for	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
police	O
department	O
joins	O
me	O
uh	O
now	O
by	O
phone	O
/.	O


Captain	O
I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
we	O
keep	O
having	O
to	O
talk	O
under	O
these	O
kinds	O
of	O
circumstances	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
first	O
specifically	O
about	O
the	O
tape	O
/.	O


You	O
've	O
seen	O
the	O
tape	O
/.	O


it	O
looks	O
horrible	O
/.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
make	O
of	O
it	O
/?	O


Well	O
the	O
tape	O
is	O
troubling	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
when	O
this	O
was	O
brought	O
on	O
yesterday	B-DATE
morning	B-TIME
uh	O
the	O
superintendent	O
who	O
was	O
out	O
of	O
town	O
uh	O
assembled	O
his	O
senior	O
managers	O
including	O
myself	O
/.	O


We	O
had	O
gone	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
tape	O
/.	O


and	O
of	O
course	O
the	O
tape	O
was	O
troubling	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
where	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
officers	O
involved	O
uh	O
uh	O
used	O
more	O
than	O
was	O
necessary	O
/.	O


Uh	O
clearly	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
Davis	B-PERSON
was	O
resisting	O
/.	O


However	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
force	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
officers	O
was	O
not	O
acceptable	O
based	O
on	O
department	O
policy	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
training	O
that	O
we	O
give	O
police	O
officers	O
/.	O


Um	O
and	O
I	O
should	O
say	O
you	O
're	O
on	O
a	O
cell	O
phone	O
so	O
we	O
're	O
having	O
a	O
little	O
trouble	O
/.	O


uh	O
if	O
we	O
continue	O
to	O
have	O
this	O
we	O
'll	O
have	O
you	O
call	O
back	O
/.	O


But	O
uh	O
Captain	O
is	O
it	O
fair	O
to	O
ask	O
the	O
question	O
are	O
some	O
on	O
the	O
police	O
department	O
kind	O
of	O
losing	O
it	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
even	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
down	O
there	O
I	O
saw	O
the	O
kinds	O
of	O
hours	O
uh	O
that	O
people	O
were	O
working	O
etcetera	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
give	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
some	O
time	O
off	O
uh	O
right	O
after	O
this	O
happened	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
allow	O
them	O
to	O
get	O
their	O
wits	O
back	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
relax	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
/.	O


But	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
this	O
guy	O
you	O
know	O
punching	O
the	O
one	O
guy	O
grabbing	O
the	O
AP	O
producer	O
you	O
know	O
/.	O


these	O
three	B-CARDINAL
at	O
least	O
give	O
you	O
the	O
sense	O
that	O
some	O
on	O
the	O
force	O
are	O
kind	O
of	O
losing	O
it	O
/.	O


Well	O
I	O
certainly	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
uh	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
excuse	O
the	O
officers	O
involved	O
/.	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
police	O
officers	O
have	O
been	O
working	O
for	O
the	O
last	O
six	B-CARDINAL
weeks	O
uh	O
under	O
some	O
very	O
challenging	O
times	O
/.	O


Uh	O
but	O
let	O
me	O
just	O
say	O
we	O
have	O
more	O
than	O
two	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
employees	O
on	O
the	O
police	O
department	O
and	O
certainly	O
the	O
incident	O
that	O
occured	O
on	O
Saturday	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
uh	O
does	O
not	O
reflect	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
hard	O
working	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
of	O
this	O
department	O
/.	O


But	O
um	O
just	O
so	O
we	O
're	O
clear	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
defending	O
the	O
actions	O
of	O
those	O
police	O
officers	O
,	O
correct	O
/?	O


No	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
/.	O


otherwise	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
have	O
suspended	O
them	O
and	O
have	O
them	O
charged	O
with	O
battery	O
/.	O


So	O
no	O
/.	O


but	O
clearly	O
the	O
police	O
department	O
/-	O


When	O
this	O
was	O
brought	O
to	O
our	O
attention	O
um	O
uh	O
quick	O
and	O
decisive	O
action	O
was	O
taken	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
very	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
public	O
that	O
's	O
listening	O
to	O
this	O
or	O
looking	O
at	O
this	O
newscast	O
that	O
uh	O
question	O
answered	O
that	O
once	O
these	O
types	O
of	O
issues	O
are	O
brought	O
to	O
the	O
attention	O
of	O
the	O
administration	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
administration	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
/?	O


And	O
certainly	O
um	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
zero	O
tolerance	O
for	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
behavior	O
/.	O


and	O
when	O
something	O
of	O
this	O
magnitude	O
occurs	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
appropriate	O
action	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
swift	O
and	O
decisive	O
and	O
effective	O
/.	O


Captain	O
final	O
question	O
/.	O


the	O
attorney	O
for	O
that	O
man	O
is	O
saying	O
he	O
was	O
n't	O
even	O
drinking	O
uh	O
that	O
night	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
anything	O
about	O
that	O
/?	O


No	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
first	O
I	O
've	O
heard	O
of	O
that	O
/.	O


And	O
again	O
um	O
everyone	O
will	O
have	O
their	O
day	O
in	O
court	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
the	O
officers	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
their	O
day	O
in	O
court	O
/.	O


Mr.	O
Davis	B-PERSON
is	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
his	O
day	O
in	O
court	O
/.	O


and	O
let	O
me	O
just	O
go	O
on	O
to	O
say	O
how	O
serious	O
this	O
department	O
is	O
about	O
discipline	O
/.	O


the	O
uh	O
Associated	B-WORK_OF_ART
Press	I-WORK_OF_ART
producer	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
press	O
charges	O
/.	O


Uh	O
the	O
police	O
department	O
decided	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
pursue	O
charges	O
on	O
the	O
behalf	O
of	O
/.	O


so	O
uh	O
that	O
's	O
how	O
serious	O
we	O
are	O
about	O
making	O
sure	O
that	O
our	O
officers	O
do	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
/.	O


And	O
let	O
me	O
also	O
add	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
there	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
police	O
department	O
in	O
America	B-LOC
that	O
's	O
not	O
having	O
personnel	O
problems	O
/.	O


The	O
question	O
is	O
again	O
once	O
you	O
find	O
you	O
have	O
problem	O
personnel	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
do	O
with	O
them	O
/?	O


do	O
you	O
uh	O
/.	O


or	O
do	O
you	O
deal	O
with	O
issues	O
/?	O


And	O
we	O
dealt	O
with	O
those	O
issues	O
/.	O


Well	O
look	O
it	O
is	O
good	O
to	O
see	O
uh	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
hearing	O
what	O
we	O
sometimes	O
hear	O
in	O
these	O
kinds	O
of	O
cases	O
which	O
is	O
well	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
got	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
circumstances	O
and	O
the	O
tape	O
is	O
n't	O
showing	O
everything	O
/.	O


Basically	O
you	O
're	O
saying	O
look	O
we	O
took	O
action	O
/.	O


it	O
was	O
unacceptable	O
/.	O


Captain	O
Defillo	B-PERSON
thanks	O
a	O
lot	O
for	O
coming	O
on	O
the	O
prorgram	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
welcome	O
/.	O


thank	O
you	O
/.	O


Eddie	O
Jordan	O
Jr.	O
is	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
district	O
attorney	O
/.	O


Victoria	B-PERSON
Habathee	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
psychologist	O
who	O
's	O
been	O
counseling	O
law	O
enforcement	O
for	O
the	O
past	O
twenty	O
years	O
/.	O


and	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Tackapena	I-PERSON
is	O
the	O
uh	O
famed	O
criminal	O
defense	O
attorney	O
who	O
's	O
represented	O
police	O
officers	O
in	O
brutality	O
uh	O
cases	O
/.	O


Alright	O
um	O
District	O
Attorney	O
Jordan	B-PERSON
let	O
me	O
start	O
with	O
you	O
/.	O


Is	O
your	O
office	O
also	O
investigating	O
this	O
/?	O


Uh	O
indeed	O
my	O
office	O
is	O
investigating	O
this	O
matter	O
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
just	O
opened	O
our	O
investigation	O
today	O
when	O
we	O
learned	O
about	O
uh	O
this	O
very	O
unfortunate	O
incident	O
/.	O


Um	O
and	O
how	O
does	O
it	O
work	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
charged	O
in	O
a	O
municipal	O
court	O
/.	O


Are	O
you	O
bascially	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
/-	O


you	O
guys	O
are	O
effectively	O
the	O
big	O
boys	O
compared	O
to	O
municipal	O
court	O
/.	O


Is	O
it	O
possible	O
that	O
you	O
would	O
simply	O
take	O
over	O
say	O
this	O
is	O
too	O
serious	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
too	O
important	O
/.	O


my	O
office	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
handle	O
it	O
/?	O


Uh	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
distinct	O
possibility	O
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
will	O
conduct	O
our	O
own	O
investigation	O
/.	O


and	O
if	O
we	O
determine	O
that	O
state	O
charges	O
are	O
more	O
appropriate	O
uh	O
then	O
we	O
will	O
ask	O
the	O
city	O
attorney	O
to	O
defer	O
to	O
the	O
district	O
attorney	O
's	O
office	O
/.	O


you	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
fair	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
Mr.	O
District	O
Attorney	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
this	O
tape	O
and	O
be	O
horrified	O
/?	O


Oh	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
there	O
's	O
any	O
question	O
about	O
this	O
/.	O


Uh	O
uh	O
this	O
footage	O
that	O
we	O
've	O
seen	O
is	O
unconscionable	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
certainly	O
demands	O
some	O
explanation	O
/.	O


Um	O
let	O
me	O
read	O
uh	O
this	O
quote	O
as	O
I	O
go	O
to	O
Victoria	B-PERSON
Habathee	I-PERSON
/.	O


this	O
is	O
from	O
uh	O
Dr.	O
Howard	B-PERSON
Osofsky	I-PERSON
from	O
LSU	B-ORG
medical	I-ORG
school	I-ORG
/.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
disaster	O
that	O
has	O
had	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
trauma	O
for	O
a	O
department	O
that	O
this	O
has	O
where	O
so	O
many	O
police	O
officers	O
have	O
lost	O
homes	O
been	O
separated	O
from	O
their	O
families	O
had	O
loved	O
ones	O
living	O
in	O
other	O
places	O
with	O
no	O
idea	O
uh	O
when	O
they	O
will	O
return	O
/.	O


Uh	O
actually	O
first	O
let	O
me	O
go	O
to	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Tackapena	I-PERSON
on	O
that	O
/.	O


Joe	B-PERSON
is	O
that	O
a	O
legal	O
defense	O
meaning	O
could	O
these	O
guys	O
come	O
into	O
court	O
and	O
say	O
we	O
were	O
so	O
traumatized	O
by	O
everything	O
that	O
happened	O
that	O
it	O
eventually	O
led	O
to	O
this	O
/?	O


Yes	O
Dan	B-PERSON
quite	O
frankly	O
it	O
is	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
'd	O
be	O
unusual	O
in	O
a	O
plea	O
um	O
sort	O
of	O
defense	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
defending	O
cops	O
because	O
normally	O
their	O
mental	O
health	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
question	O
/.	O


But	O
in	O
this	O
instance	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
defense	O
/.	O


and	O
more	O
importantly	O
as	O
a	O
trial	O
lawyer	O
what	O
it	O
would	O
really	O
be	O
called	O
is	O
jury	O
nullification	O
/.	O


What	O
you	O
're	O
seeing	O
on	O
this	O
tape	O
is	O
a	O
black	O
eye	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
really	O
no	O
excuse	O
for	O
it	O
/.	O


Um	O
it	O
was	O
unjustified	O
by	O
any	O
training	O
manual	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


but	O
what	O
I	O
just	O
heard	O
from	O
that	O
doctor	O
from	O
LSU	B-ORG
and	O
what	O
the	O
fact	O
of	O
the	O
matter	O
is	O
is	O
that	O
these	O
cops	O
were	O
working	O
you	O
know	O
twenty	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
hour	I-DATE
shifts	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
sleeping	O
in	O
their	O
cars	O
being	O
displaced	O
/.	O


three	B-CARDINAL
quarters	I-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
lost	O
their	O
homes	O
/.	O


half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
their	O
families	O
are	O
/.	O


The	O
level	O
of	O
trauma	O
/-	O


And	O
look	O
that	O
guy	O
who	O
approached	O
the	O
AP	B-ORG
uh	O
newsman	O
clearly	O
had	O
lost	O
it	O
period	O
end	O
of	O
story	O
because	O
you	O
heard	O
it	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
was	O
just	O
basically	O
saying	O
I	O
'm	O
trying	O
to	O
keep	O
alive	O
go	O
home	O
/.	O


Uh	O
he	O
had	O
clearly	O
at	O
that	O
point	O
lost	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
these	O
are	O
cops	O
who	O
literally	O
slept	O
in	O
their	O
car	O
for	O
twenty	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
hour	I-DATE
shifts	O
/.	O


here	O
's	O
some	O
of	O
what	O
we	O
've	O
seen	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
police	O
since	O
hurricane	B-EVENT
Katrina	I-EVENT
/.	O


These	O
guys	O
stayed	O
/.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
officers	O
um	O
committed	O
suicide	O
/.	O


two	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
forty	I-CARDINAL
nine	I-CARDINAL
investigated	O
for	O
leaving	O
their	O
posts	O
without	O
permission	O
/.	O


twelve	B-CARDINAL
officers	O
investigated	O
for	O
looting	O
or	O
condoning	O
looting	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
you	O
have	O
this	O
/.	O


And	O
also	O
some	O
dead	O
Dan	B-PERSON
/.	O


there	O
are	O
uncounted	O
officers	O
that	O
are	O
dead	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
missing	O
about	O
three	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
from	O
last	O
count	O
/.	O


Well	O
that	O
was	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
forty	I-CARDINAL
nine	I-CARDINAL
investigated	O
for	O
leaving	O
their	O
posts	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
just	O
say	O
that	O
uh	O
from	O
the	O
standpoint	O
of	O
a	O
prosecutor	O
I	O
respectfully	O
disagree	O
uh	O
with	O
that	O
position	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
uh	O
neither	O
frustration	O
nor	O
fatigue	O
would	O
justify	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
misconduct	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
citizens	O
are	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
tolerate	O
uh	O
police	O
officers	O
engaging	O
in	O
brutality	O
uh	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
uh	O
extraordinary	O
circumstances	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
going	O
on	O
today	O
/.	O


Victoria	B-PERSON
Habathee	I-PERSON
if	O
you	O
were	O
asked	O
to	O
testify	O
in	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
proceeding	O
be	O
it	O
a	O
pre-trial	O
hearing	O
be	O
it	O
a	O
trial	O
be	O
it	O
to	O
provide	O
uh	O
general	O
thoughts	O
on	O
the	O
psychological	O
conditions	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
officers	O
knowing	O
what	O
you	O
know	O
about	O
what	O
happened	O
in	O
New	B-LOC
Orleans	I-LOC
,	O
is	O
it	O
fair	O
for	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
to	O
say	O
everything	O
that	O
happened	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
hours	O
we	O
were	O
working	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
away	O
from	O
our	O
families	O
etcetera	O
from	O
the	O
psychological	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
does	O
that	O
explain	O
what	O
we	O
see	O
on	O
the	O
video	O
tape	O
/?	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
justify	O
what	O
's	O
on	O
the	O
video	O
tape	O
/.	O


It	O
does	O
explain	O
in	O
the	O
sense	O
the	O
human	O
reaction	O
to	O
such	O
a	O
excessive	O
event	O
/.	O


And	O
remembering	O
that	O
these	O
officers	O
were	O
not	O
only	O
keeping	O
the	O
peace	O
so	O
to	O
speak	O
and	O
uh	O
responding	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
also	O
victims	O
/.	O


Um	O
I	O
mean	O
we	O
heard	O
/-	O


This	O
is	O
number	O
two	B-CARDINAL
/.	O


if	O
can	O
pull	O
this	O
one	O
up	O
/.	O


this	O
from	O
Dr.	O
Howard	B-PERSON
Osofsky	I-PERSON
again	O
LSU	B-ORG
medical	I-ORG
school	I-ORG
/.	O


Following	O
nine	B-DATE
eleven	I-DATE
there	O
was	O
a	O
known	O
enemy	O
a	O
known	O
situation	O
/.	O


and	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
buildings	O
were	O
destroyed	O
and	O
lives	O
lost	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
survived	O
could	O
go	O
to	O
their	O
homes	O
/.	O


the	O
city	O
of	O
New	B-LOC
York	I-LOC
was	O
not	O
destroyed	O
/.	O


the	O
country	O
around	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
destroyed	O
/.	O


Is	O
that	O
uh	O
relevant	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
a	O
psychological	O
comparison	O
/?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
if	O
I	O
believe	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
psychological	O
comparison	O
/.	O


In	O
my	O
mind	O
I	O
compare	O
to	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
federal	O
agents	O
who	O
were	O
uh	O
injured	O
or	O
involved	O
in	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Andrew	I-EVENT
a	O
few	O
years	O
ago	O
/.	O


and	O
all	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
was	O
get	O
home	O
to	O
their	O
families	O
/.	O


Yet	O
their	O
jobs	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
for	O
the	O
public	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
have	O
n't	O
talked	O
to	O
their	O
families	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
superhuman	O
request	O
that	O
we	O
make	O
of	O
them	O
/.	O


We	O
do	O
make	O
it	O
/.	O


Sorry	O
/.	O


here	O
's	O
Lieutenant	O
Dave	B-PERSON
Binelli	I-PERSON
the	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Police	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
Orleans	I-ORG
/.	O


Everybody	O
's	O
under	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
stress	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
police	O
department	O
on	O
the	O
whole	O
are	O
coping	O
with	O
it	O
as	O
best	O
they	O
can	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
ready	O
to	O
say	O
at	O
this	O
particular	O
time	O
until	O
we	O
are	O
actually	O
able	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
the	O
officers	O
in	O
depth	O
about	O
the	O
actions	O
if	O
stress	O
had	O
anything	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
this	O
situation	O
/.	O


And	O
Joe	B-PERSON
to	O
clarify	O
what	O
you	O
were	O
saying	O
before	O
I	O
mean	O
look	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
actually	O
saying	O
that	O
you	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
winnable	O
etcetera	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
simply	O
saying	O
that	O
you	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
something	O
that	O
should	O
be	O
evaluated	O
as	O
a	O
defense	O
attorney	O
,	O
right	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
Dan	B-PERSON
exactly	O
right	O
/.	O


Look	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
justify	O
what	O
happened	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
sit	O
down	O
with	O
the	O
client	O
/.	O


And	O
look	O
another	O
important	O
and	O
hopefully	O
the	O
district	O
attorney	O
will	O
take	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
this	O
when	O
he	O
's	O
evaluating	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
who	O
are	O
these	O
cops	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
when	O
I	O
'm	O
representing	O
a	O
cop	O
the	O
first	O
thing	O
I	O
do	O
Dan	B-PERSON
is	O
get	O
that	O
personnel	O
file	O
/.	O


Is	O
this	O
someone	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
/?	O


Is	O
this	O
someone	O
who	O
you	O
know	O
has	O
a	O
propensity	O
towards	O
always	O
being	O
involved	O
in	O
these	O
you	O
know	O
um	O
sort	O
of	O
physical	O
contact	O
type	O
deals	O
/?	O


Or	O
are	O
these	O
great	O
cops	O
who	O
have	O
not	O
had	O
a	O
blemish	O
on	O
their	O
record	O
/.	O


and	O
if	O
so	O
should	O
they	O
be	O
cut	O
a	O
break	O
here	O
if	O
they	O
really	O
lose	O
it	O
/?	O


Very	O
quickly	O
DA	O
Jordan	B-PERSON
/.	O


does	O
that	O
matter	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
focus	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
their	O
conduct	O
in	O
this	O
particular	O
situation	O
and	O
whether	O
it	O
was	O
justified	O
or	O
not	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
imagine	O
uh	O
why	O
they	O
would	O
punch	O
someone	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
the	O
head	O
uh	O
uh	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
subduing	O
that	O
person	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
District	O
Attorney	O
Eddie	B-PERSON
Jordan	I-PERSON
thank	O
you	O
for	O
coming	O
back	O
on	O
the	O
program	O
/.	O


Victoria	B-PERSON
Habathee	I-PERSON
Joe	B-PERSON
Tackapena	I-PERSON
good	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
/.	O


thanks	O
a	O
lot	O
/.	O


Last	O
week	O
police	O
found	O
the	O
body	O
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
college	O
student	O
Taylor	B-PERSON
Biehl	I-PERSON
/.	O


Still	O
no	O
charges	O
have	O
been	O
filed	O
against	O
the	O
key	O
suspect	O
/.	O


Her	O
father	O
joins	O
us	O
next	B-TIME
/.	O


And	O
Richmond	B-GPE
police	O
also	O
looking	O
for	O
another	O
teenage	O
girl	O
Monica	B-PERSON
Sharp	I-PERSON
went	O
out	O
for	O
a	O
walk	O
with	O
her	O
dog	O
weeks	B-DATE
ago	I-DATE
/.	O


Her	O
dog	O
came	O
home	O
/.	O


she	O
did	O
not	O
/.	O


Plus	O
the	O
battle	O
over	O
Harriet	B-PERSON
Miers	I-PERSON
'	I-PERSON
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
nomination	O
/.	O


Evangelical	B-NORP
Christian	B-NORP
leader	O
James	B-PERSON
Dobson	I-PERSON
says	O
Bush	B-PERSON
advisor	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
told	O
him	O
something	O
that	O
makes	O
him	O
comfortable	O
with	O
Miers	B-PERSON
/.	O


Do	O
n't	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
us	O
deserve	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
he	O
knows	O
/?	O


Your	O
email	O
MSNBC	O
dot	O
com	O
/.	O


Please	O
include	O
your	O
name	O
where	O
you	O
're	O
writing	O
from	O
/.	O


Our	O
repsonse	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
show	O
/.	O


The	O
only	O
suspect	O
in	O
the	O
Taylor	B-PERSON
Biehl	I-PERSON
murder	O
case	O
behind	O
bars	O
but	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
charged	O
with	O
any	O
crime	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
/.	O


Taylor	B-PERSON
last	O
seen	O
leaving	O
her	O
dorm	O
room	O
at	O
Virginia	B-ORG
Commonwealth	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
the	O
night	B-TIME
of	O
September	B-DATE
fifth	I-DATE
/.	O


Her	O
remains	O
were	O
found	O
last	B-DATE
Thursday	I-DATE
in	O
Matthews	B-LOC
County	I-LOC
Virgina	I-LOC
about	O
seventy	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
from	O
Richmond	B-LOC
/.	O


The	O
police	O
ended	O
up	O
there	O
after	O
the	O
ex-girlfriend	O
of	O
the	O
chief	O
suspect	O
identified	O
the	O
area	O
from	O
the	O
photograph	O
/.	O


The	O
suspect	O
thirty	B-DATE
eight	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Benjamin	B-PERSON
Folly	I-PERSON
/.	O


He	O
admits	O
to	O
having	O
a	O
sexual	O
relationship	O
with	O
Taylor	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
last	O
saw	O
her	O
at	O
nine	B-TIME
thirty	I-TIME
the	O
night	O
she	O
disappeared	O
/.	O


He	O
also	O
says	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
kidnapped	O
the	O
same	O
night	O
that	O
she	O
went	O
missing	O
/.	O


Joining	O
me	O
now	O
is	O
Matt	B-PERSON
Biehl	I-PERSON
Taylor	B-PERSON
's	O
father	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
uh	O
for	O
coming	O
on	O
the	O
program	O
/.	O


I	O
know	O
this	O
uh	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
difficult	O
time	O
and	O
week	O
for	O
you	O
/.	O


and	O
so	O
we	O
appreciate	O
you	O
taking	O
the	O
time	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
inviting	O
me	O
/.	O


Um	O
how	O
are	O
you	O
holding	O
up	O
/?	O


I	O
'm	O
good	O
sometimes	O
bad	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
it	O
comes	O
and	O
goes	O
/.	O


uh	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
different	O
things	O
remind	O
me	O
of	O
Taylor	B-PERSON
and	O
um	O
can	O
choke	O
me	O
up	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
/.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
make	O
of	O
this	O
Folly	B-PERSON
guy	O
/?	O


Had	O
you	O
ever	O
heard	O
of	O
him	O
before	O
all	O
this	O
started	O
/?	O


Uh	O
I	O
had	O
met	O
Ben	B-PERSON
Folly	I-PERSON
in	O
February	B-DATE
uh	O
of	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
when	O
I	O
took	O
Taylor	B-PERSON
down	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
VCU	B-ORG
as	O
a	O
possible	O
school	O
that	O
she	O
might	O
want	O
to	O
attend	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
what	O
happened	O
at	O
that	O
meeting	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
was	O
dropping	O
Taylor	B-PERSON
off	O
/.	O


Um	O
she	O
was	O
actually	O
staying	O
in	O
that	O
uh	O
townhouse	O
with	O
the	O
friend	O
that	O
she	O
knew	O
from	O
Madison	B-ORG
high	I-ORG
school	I-ORG
where	O
she	O
graduated	O
from	O
/.	O


and	O
him	O
and	O
his	O
girlfriend	O
lived	O
there	O
/.	O


and	O
Ben	B-PERSON
Folly	I-PERSON
was	O
their	O
roommate	O
/.	O


And	O
frankly	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
urgency	O
at	O
that	O
point	O
because	O
I	O
had	O
no	O
idea	O
of	O
his	O
age	O
and	O
thought	O
he	O
was	O
just	O
a	O
student	O
at	O
the	O
school	O
/.	O


So	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
very	O
brief	O
meeting	O
at	O
that	O
/.	O


about	O
ten	B-TIME
or	I-TIME
fifteen	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
yeah	O
/.	O


Um	O
all	O
right	O
now	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
so	O
much	O
more	O
have	O
you	O
heard	O
anything	O
from	O
the	O
authorities	O
about	O
uh	O
if	O
and	O
when	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
charge	O
him	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
this	O
case	O
/?	O


No	O
uh	O
it	O
's	O
my	O
information	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
still	O
processing	O
um	O
evidence	O
from	O
the	O
crime	O
scene	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
evidence	O
from	O
Taylor	B-PERSON
's	O
body	O
/.	O


Um	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
it	O
seems	O
to	O
me	O
that	O
this	O
guy	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
chief	O
su-	O
/-	O


this	O
silliness	O
about	O
he	O
was	O
kidnapped	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
night	O
that	O
she	O
went	O
missing	O
etcetera	O
/.	O


have	O
you	O
gotten	O
the	O
impression	O
uh	O
that	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
they	O
were	O
looking	O
at	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
he	O
's	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
looking	O
at	O
or	O
if	O
there	O
's	O
other	O
people	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
looking	O
at	O
/.	O


Certainly	O
my	O
presumption	O
is	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
considered	O
uh	O
a	O
primary	O
suspect	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
and	O
here	O
's	O
what	O
the	O
police	O
chief	O
uh	O
said	O
about	O
it	O
uh	O
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
/.	O


A	O
dog	O
tracked	O
a	O
scent	O
from	O
her	O
car	O
to	O
uh	O
a	O
gentleman	O
's	O
uh	O
named	O
Jesse	B-PERSON
Schultz	I-PERSON
/.	O


And	O
it	O
seems	O
very	O
coincidental	O
and	O
suspicious	O
to	O
me	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
authorities	O
are	O
looking	O
into	O
any	O
connection	O
there	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
that	O
was	O
n't	O
the	O
piece	O
of	O
sound	O
I	O
was	O
looking	O
for	O
/.	O


and	O
George	B-PERSON
Peterson	I-PERSON
is	O
the	O
attorney	O
um	O
for	O
Taylor	B-PERSON
's	O
mother	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
speaking	O
there	O
/.	O


what	O
he	O
had	O
said	O
was	O
we	O
certainly	O
believe	O
that	O
strongest	O
suspect	O
uh	O
they	O
already	O
have	O
in	O
custody	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
talking	O
there	O
about	O
someone	O
else	O
who	O
apparently	O
has	O
been	O
cleared	O
um	O
as	O
a	O
suspect	O
uh	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
/.	O


Um	O
tell	O
me	O
about	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
family	O
/.	O


uh	O
is	O
there	O
some	O
level	O
of	O
um	O
you	O
know	O
/.	O


I	O
hate	O
the	O
word	O
closure	O
because	O
it	O
always	O
makes	O
it	O
seem	O
like	O
it	O
's	O
over	O
when	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
and	O
the	O
pain	O
continues	O
/.	O
/.	O


but	O
was	O
there	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
relief	O
closure	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
the	O
word	O
is	O
to	O
use	O
when	O
you	O
heard	O
that	O
finally	O
they	O
had	O
found	O
Taylor	B-PERSON
/?	O


For	O
me	O
there	O
was	O
/.	O


it	O
was	O
um	O
you	O
know	O
rather	O
than	O
sitting	O
around	O
waiting	O
for	O
a	O
phone	O
call	O
or	O
waiting	O
for	O
her	O
to	O
call	O
us	O
or	O
wondering	O
why	O
she	O
had	O
n't	O
called	O
her	O
mother	O
or	O
I	O
/.	O


Um	O
it	O
was	O
closing	O
that	O
/.	O


at	O
least	O
we	O
knew	O
where	O
she	O
was	O
and	O
what	O
had	O
happened	O
to	O
her	O
to	O
some	O
extent	O
/.	O


that	O
she	O
was	O
not	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
reason	O
for	O
her	O
not	O
calling	O
us	O
/.	O


Matt	B-PERSON
Biehl	I-PERSON
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
uh	O
for	O
taking	O
the	O
time	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
again	O
in	O
these	O
kinds	O
of	O
stories	O
it	O
's	O
odd	O
because	O
myself	O
and	O
my	O
staff	O
feel	O
like	O
we	O
get	O
to	O
know	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
involved	O
in	O
these	O
cases	O
even	O
though	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
truly	O
know	O
them	O
/.	O


But	O
um	O
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
taking	O
the	O
time	O
/.	O


and	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
we	O
can	O
uh	O
our	O
hearts	O
do	O
go	O
out	O
to	O
you	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
we	O
have	O
been	O
thinking	O
about	O
you	O
and	O
Taylor	B-PERSON
for	O
the	O
last	O
few	O
weeks	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
/.	O


Now	O
to	O
another	O
uh	O
case	O
another	O
missing	O
Richmond	B-LOC
Virginia	I-LOC
girl	O
Monica	B-PERSON
Sharp	I-PERSON
last	O
seen	O
leaving	O
her	O
house	O
to	O
walk	O
her	O
dog	O
at	O
around	O
ten	B-TIME
thirty	I-TIME
am	I-TIME
on	O
September	B-DATE
eighteenth	I-DATE
/.	O


Her	O
mother	O
filed	O
a	O
missing	O
persons	O
report	O
later	B-TIME
that	O
day	O
/.	O


Monica	O
's	O
family	O
and	O
the	O
police	O
believe	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
with	O
fifty	B-DATE
seven	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Jeffrey	B-PERSON
Nichols	I-PERSON
but	O
left	O
with	O
him	O
voluntarily	O
after	O
meeting	O
him	O
on	O
the	O
internet	O
/.	O


Monica	B-PERSON
has	O
a	O
personal	O
webpage	O
appears	O
to	O
have	O
last	O
logged	O
on	O
to	O
it	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	I-DATE
she	O
went	O
missing	O
/.	O


Joining	O
me	O
now	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
is	O
Linda	B-PERSON
Sharp	I-PERSON
Monica	B-PERSON
's	O
mother	O
/.	O


Uh	O
Ms.	O
sharpe	B-PERSON
I	O
say	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
to	O
you	O
/.	O


uh	O
I	O
know	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
tough	O
time	O
for	O
you	O
/.	O


so	O
I	O
thank	O
you	O
for	O
taking	O
the	O
time	O
/.	O


Um	O
tell	O
us	O
what	O
you	O
know	O
uh	O
about	O
this	O
gentleman	O
who	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
uh	O
your	O
daughter	O
is	O
with	O
/.	O


Really	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
know	O
anything	O
about	O
him	O
/.	O


We	O
just	O
know	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
fifty	B-DATE
seven	I-DATE
/.	O


apparently	O
he	O
had	O
an	O
Illinois	B-LOC
driver	O
's	O
license	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
necessarily	O
reside	O
there	O
/.	O


Um	O
and	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
anything	O
about	O
him	O
/.	O


Um	O
why	O
are	O
the	O
authorities	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
so	O
confident	O
uh	O
that	O
she	O
is	O
with	O
him	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
seen	O
together	O
in	O
Richmond	B-LOC
um	O
either	O
Monday	B-DATE
or	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
/.	O


Uh	O
she	O
was	O
missing	O
on	O
a	O
Sunday	B-DATE
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
Monday	B-DATE
or	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
she	O
was	O
seen	O
in	O
Richmond	B-LOC
with	O
him	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
observed	O
them	O
called	O
the	O
police	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
so	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
tip	O
to	O
the	O
police	O
/.	O


And	O
is	O
the	O
belief	O
that	O
they	O
met	O
online	O
somehow	O
and	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
meeting	O
/?	O


Yes	O
yes	O
/.	O


Well	O
well	O
yes	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
belief	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
met	O
online	O
/.	O


and	O
um	O
you	O
know	O
they	O
have	O
taken	O
all	O
that	O
information	O
off	O
our	O
computer	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
have	O
seen	O
small	O
portions	O
of	O
the	O
conversations	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
together	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
indicate	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
planning	O
to	O
meet	O
/.	O


but	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
indication	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
planning	O
to	O
meet	O
that	O
Sunday	B-DATE
morning	B-TIME
/.	O


So	O
in	O
other	O
words	O
you	O
know	O
when	O
she	O
woke	O
up	O
went	O
out	O
and	O
walked	O
her	O
dog	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
take	O
anything	O
with	O
her	O
like	O
keys	O
her	O
purse	O
her	O
money	O
or	O
clothing	O
you	O
know	O
or	O
anything	O
like	O
that	O
/.	O


So	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
do	O
realize	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
these	O
um	O
transcripts	O
of	O
some	O
conversations	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
but	O
apparently	O
nothing	O
that	O
indicated	O
that	O
that	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
they	O
were	O
planning	O
to	O
meet	O
/.	O


any	O
of	O
Monica	B-PERSON
's	O
friends	O
able	O
to	O
provide	O
any	O
other	O
information	O
/?	O


No	O
we	O
have	O
talked	O
to	O
everyone	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
are	O
stunned	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
she	O
saw	O
them	O
every	O
day	O
,	O
she	O
talked	O
to	O
them	O
but	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
say	O
anything	O
about	O
this	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
well	O
look	O
this	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
cases	O
where	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
just	O
have	O
to	O
look	O
back	O
where	O
we	O
can	O
actually	O
look	O
forward	O
and	O
hope	O
that	O
someone	O
has	O
seen	O
her	O
and	O
can	O
call	O
the	O
authorities	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
um	O
Linda	B-PERSON
's	O
taken	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
came	O
on	O
the	O
program	O
/.	O


Eight	O
oh	O
four	O
six	O
four	O
six	O
six	O
seven	O
six	O
four	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
number	O
uh	O
if	O
you	O
've	O
seen	O
her	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
showed	O
you	O
the	O
picture	O
um	O
of	O
the	O
man	O
that	O
she	O
is	O
uh	O
suspected	O
of	O
being	O
with	O
Jeffrey	B-PERSON
Nichols	I-PERSON
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
uh	O
Ms.	O
Sharp	B-PERSON
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
good	O
luck	O
to	O
you	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
/.	O


thank	O
you	O
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
,	O
some	O
senators	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
White	B-GPE
House	I-GPE
advisor	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
told	O
this	O
man	O
to	O
make	O
him	O
so	O
comfortable	O
with	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
nominee	O
Harriet	B-PERSON
Miers	I-PERSON
even	O
though	O
many	O
of	O
his	O
allies	O
are	O
not	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
were	O
allegedly	O
murdered	O
by	O
convicted	O
sex	O
offender	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
Duncan	I-PERSON
/.	O


Now	O
their	O
families	O
are	O
suing	O
a	O
Minnesota	B-GPE
county	O
where	O
he	O
was	O
charged	O
with	O
a	O
different	O
crime	O
/.	O


Unfortunately	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
uphill	O
battle	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
talk	O
about	O
it	O
/.	O


And	O
our	O
continuing	O
series	O
Manhunt	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sex	I-WORK_OF_ART
Offenders	I-WORK_OF_ART
on	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Loose	I-WORK_OF_ART
our	O
effort	O
to	O
help	O
find	O
missing	O
sex	O
offenders	O
before	O
they	O
strike	O
again	O
/.	O


Our	O
search	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
is	O
in	O
California	B-LOC
/.	O


Terry	B-PERSON
Bowen	I-PERSON
forty	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
five	B-QUANTITY
nine	I-QUANTITY
one	B-QUANTITY
seventy	I-QUANTITY
five	I-QUANTITY
has	O
n't	O
registered	O
with	O
the	O
authorities	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
convicted	O
of	O
lewd	O
and	O
lascivious	O
acts	O
with	O
a	O
child	O
/.	O


If	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
any	O
information	O
regarding	O
Bowen	B-PERSON
please	O
contact	O
California	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
nine	O
one	O
six	O
two	O
two	O
seven	O
four	O
nine	O
seven	O
four	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
back	O
in	O
a	O
minute	O
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
the	O
battle	O
over	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
nominee	O
Harriet	B-PERSON
Miers	I-PERSON
/.	O


Did	O
the	B-GPE
White	I-GPE
House	I-GPE
provide	O
assurances	O
to	O
some	O
conservatives	O
about	O
her	O
beliefs	O
on	O
hot	O
button	O
topics	O
like	O
abortion	O
/?	O


Should	O
n't	O
those	O
people	O
have	O
to	O
testify	O
during	O
her	O
confirmation	O
hearing	O
so	O
everyone	O
will	O
know	O
/?	O


First	O
the	O
headlines	O
/.	O


Hello	O
I	O
'm	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Fitzgerald	I-PERSON
/.	O


and	O
here	O
's	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
/.	O


Amid	O
the	O
devastation	O
after	O
Saturday	B-DATE
's	O
powerful	O
earthquake	O
in	O
Pakistan	B-LOC
some	O
dramatic	O
rescues	O
/.	O


Residents	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
city	O
used	O
bare	O
hands	O
even	O
crowbars	O
to	O
free	O
two	B-CARDINAL
girls	O
buried	O
in	O
a	O
school	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
two	B-CARDINAL
days	O
/.	O


A	O
woman	O
and	O
child	O
were	O
also	O
pulled	O
from	O
the	O
rubble	O
of	O
an	O
apartment	O
building	O
/.	O


Officials	O
estimate	O
as	O
many	O
as	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
were	O
killed	O
in	O
Pakistan	B-LOC
alone	O
and	O
several	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
in	O
India	B-LOC
/.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
is	O
promising	O
at	O
least	O
fifty	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
aid	O
/.	O


and	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
is	O
accepting	O
aid	O
from	O
rival	O
India	B-GPE
/.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
in	O
New	B-LOC
Orleans	I-LOC
to	O
get	O
an	O
update	O
on	O
progress	O
following	O
hurricanes	B-EVENT
Katrina	I-EVENT
and	O
Rita	B-EVENT
/.	O


He	O
dined	O
Monday	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
with	O
Louisiana	B-GPE
officials	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
French	I-LOC
quarter	I-LOC
and	O
is	O
staying	O
in	O
a	O
hotel	O
there	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
his	O
eighth	B-CARDINAL
visit	O
to	O
the	O
hurricane	O
area	O
/.	O


Thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
in	O
Colorado	B-LOC
are	O
without	O
power	O
after	O
a	O
major	O
snowstorm	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
dumped	O
up	O
to	O
twenty	B-QUANTITY
inches	I-QUANTITY
of	O
wet	O
heavy	O
snow	O
in	O
some	O
areas	O
/.	O


At	O
least	O
one	B-CARDINAL
death	O
is	O
blamed	O
on	O
the	O
storm	O
by	O
a	O
woman	O
who	O
was	O
hit	O
by	O
a	O
falling	O
tree	O
limb	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
up	O
to	O
date	O
/.	O


let	O
's	O
head	O
back	O
now	O
to	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Abrams	I-WORK_OF_ART
Report	I-WORK_OF_ART
with	O
Dan	B-PERSON
Abrams	I-PERSON
/.	O


In	O
my	O
interviews	O
with	O
any	O
judge	O
I	O
never	O
ask	O
their	O
personal	O
opinion	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
abortion	O
/.	O


Uh	O
not	O
to	O
my	O
recollection	O
have	O
I	O
ever	O
sat	O
down	O
with	O
her	O
/.	O


What	O
I	O
have	O
done	O
is	O
understand	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
person	O
she	O
is	O
and	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
judge	O
she	O
will	O
be	O
/.	O


With	O
so	O
many	O
unanswered	O
questions	O
circulating	O
about	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
nominee	O
Harriet	B-PERSON
Miers	I-PERSON
'	I-PERSON
position	O
on	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
controversial	O
issues	O
it	O
seems	O
one	O
person	O
believes	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
the	O
answers	O
/.	O


James	B-PERSON
Dobson	I-PERSON
founder	O
of	O
the	O
conservative	O
Evangelical	B-NORP
group	O
Focus	B-ORG
On	I-ORG
The	I-ORG
Family	I-ORG
said	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
on	O
his	O
radio	O
show	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
some	O
inside	O
info	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
trust	O
me	O
on	O
this	O
one	O
when	O
you	O
know	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
probably	O
should	O
n't	O
know	O
uh	O
that	O
take	O
me	O
in	O
this	O
direction	O
you	O
will	O
understand	O
why	O
I	O
have	O
um	O
said	O
that	O
I	O
believe	O
Harriet	B-PERSON
Miers	I-PERSON
will	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
justice	O
/.	O


And	O
John	B-PERSON
if	O
I	O
have	O
made	O
a	O
mistake	O
here	O
I	O
will	O
never	O
forget	O
it	O
/.	O


The	O
blood	O
of	O
those	O
babies	O
that	O
will	O
die	O
will	O
be	O
on	O
my	O
hands	O
to	O
some	O
degree	O
/.	O


Dobson	B-PERSON
admitted	O
during	O
the	O
same	O
broadcast	O
last	O
week	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
numerous	O
conversations	O
with	O
Bush	B-PERSON
advisor	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
about	O
the	O
Miers	B-PERSON
nomination	O
/.	O


Both	O
Democrats	B-NORP
and	O
Republicans	B-NORP
at	O
least	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
calling	O
on	O
Dobson	B-PERSON
to	O
come	O
before	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Judiciary	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
and	O
reveal	O
what	O
he	O
was	O
told	O
/.	O


If	O
there	O
are	O
back	O
room	O
assurances	O
and	O
if	O
there	O
're	O
back	O
room	O
deals	O
and	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
something	O
which	O
bears	O
upon	O
a	O
pre-condition	O
as	O
to	O
uh	O
how	O
a	O
nominee	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
vote	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
uh	O
a	O
matter	O
that	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
known	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Judiciary	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
peop-	O
/.	O


If	O
uh	O
Dr.	O
Dobson	B-PERSON
knows	O
something	O
uh	O
that	O
uh	O
he	O
should	O
n't	O
know	O
or	O
something	O
that	O
I	O
ought	O
to	O
know	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
/.	O


Remember	O
Arlen	B-PERSON
Specter	I-PERSON
of	O
course	O
is	O
a	O
uh	O
pro-choice	O
Republican	B-NORP
/.	O


The	O
question	O
should	O
Dobson	B-PERSON
be	O
forced	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
what	O
information	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
on	O
Miers	B-PERSON
/.	O


If	O
he	O
refuses	O
should	O
he	O
be	O
subpoenaed	O
/?	O


Joining	O
us	O
now	O
to	O
answer	O
some	O
of	O
those	O
questions	O
Jay	B-PERSON
Sekulow	I-PERSON
the	B-ORG
Conservative	I-ORG
American	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Law	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
and	O
Elliot	B-PERSON
Minkford	I-PERSON
legal	O
director	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Liberal	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
American	I-ORG
Way	I-ORG
/.	O


All	O
right	O
uh	O
gentlemen	O
thanks	O
very	O
much	O
uh	O
for	O
coming	O
on	O
/.	O


Jay	B-PERSON
do	O
you	O
have	O
any	O
problems	O
uh	O
with	O
forcing	O
Dobson	B-PERSON
to	O
come	O
in	O
and	O
say	O
who	O
told	O
you	O
this	O
and	O
what	O
did	O
Rove	B-PERSON
say	O
to	O
you	O
/?	O


Well	O
look	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
has	O
subpoena	O
power	O
/.	O


they	O
could	O
ask	O
him	O
to	O
come	O
in	O
voluntarily	O
/.	O


They	O
could	O
ask	O
him	O
to	O
come	O
in	O
through	O
a	O
subpoena	O
/.	O


They	O
can	O
also	O
which	O
will	O
probably	O
happen	O
through	O
the	O
investigative	O
process	O
that	O
's	O
probably	O
under	O
way	O
as	O
we	O
speak	O
Dan	B-PERSON
find	O
out	O
about	O
this	O
information	O
/.	O


But	O
let	O
me	O
tell	O
you	O
something	O
/.	O


and	O
as	O
someone	O
that	O
's	O
been	O
very	O
involved	O
in	O
this	O
process	O
of	O
judicial	O
selection	O
and	O
someone	O
's	O
worked	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
White	I-GPE
House	I-GPE
I	O
had	O
no	O
assurances	O
given	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
imagine	O
that	O
uh	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Dobson	I-PERSON
did	O
either	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
talking	O
about	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
this	O
will	O
come	O
out	O
in	O
due	O
course	O
are	O
the	O
statements	O
that	O
were	O
made	O
by	O
Nathan	B-PERSON
Hecht	I-PERSON
her	O
friend	O
who	O
's	O
of	O
course	O
a	O
justice	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Texas	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
which	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
news	O
um	O
right	O
immediately	O
after	O
the	O
nomination	O
/.	O


so	O
there	O
was	O
n't	O
any	O
great	O
surprise	O
there	O
/.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
imagine	O
uh	O
that	O
uh	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
or	O
anyone	O
else	O
at	O
the	B-GPE
White	I-GPE
House	I-GPE
gave	O
information	O
/.	O


Which	O
is	O
what	O
/?	O


Uh	O
they	O
talked	O
about	O
that	O
she	O
attended	O
a	O
church	O
/.	O


it	O
was	O
her	O
faith	O
based	O
committments	O
/.	O


uh	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
Nathan	B-PERSON
Hecht	I-PERSON
talked	O
about	O
/.	O


and	O
talked	O
about	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
a	O
conservative	O
/.	O


But	O
look	O
no	O
one	O
knows	O
how	O
this	O
woman	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
vote	O
on	O
a	O
particular	O
case	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
agree	O
with	O
the	O
President	O
that	O
we	O
know	O
she	O
has	O
a	O
conservative	O
judicial	O
philosophy	O
/.	O


the	O
President	O
after	O
all	O
is	O
given	O
the	O
authority	O
to	O
nominate	O
/.	O


but	O
if	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Dobson	I-PERSON
knew	O
something	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
n't	O
supposed	O
to	O
it	O
will	O
come	O
out	O
/.	O


I	O
suspect	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
the	O
case	O
at	O
all	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
uh	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
Schummer	I-PERSON
said	O
on	O
Face	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Nation	I-WORK_OF_ART
about	O
it	O
/.	O


I	O
believe	O
that	O
we	O
ought	O
to	O
call	O
James	B-PERSON
Dobson	I-PERSON
as	O
a	O
witness	O
at	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
judiciary	I-ORG
hearings	O
and	O
find	O
out	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
assurances	O
he	O
's	O
received	O
/.	O


If	O
those	O
assurances	O
are	O
good	O
enough	O
for	O
James	B-PERSON
Dobson	I-PERSON
then	O
all	O
of	O
America	B-GPE
ought	O
to	O
hear	O
them	O
/.	O


Elliot	B-PERSON
Minkford	I-PERSON
what	O
do	O
you	O
make	O
of	O
that	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
Senator	O
Schummer	B-PERSON
and	O
Senator	O
Specter	B-PERSON
are	O
absolutely	O
right	O
/.	O


The	O
concerns	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
raised	O
about	O
Harriet	B-PERSON
Miers	I-PERSON
include	O
will	O
she	O
truly	O
be	O
an	O
independent	O
voice	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
not	O
just	O
doing	O
George	B-PERSON
W	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
wishes	O
and	O
does	O
she	O
have	O
a	O
basic	O
committement	O
to	O
fundamental	O
constitutional	O
values	O
/.	O


I	O
suspect	O
that	O
what	O
Dobson	B-PERSON
found	O
out	O
leads	O
him	O
to	O
believe	O
that	O
she	O
will	O
vote	O
the	O
way	O
he	O
wants	O
her	O
to	O
to	O
overturn	O
Roe	B-LAW
versus	I-LAW
Wade	I-LAW
and	O
do	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
those	O
things	O
/.	O


But	O
wait	O
/.	O


wait	O
/.	O


is	O
it	O
possible	O
that	O
all	O
they	O
said	O
to	O
Dobson	B-PERSON
behind	O
closed	O
doors	O
is	O
she	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
religious	O
woman	O
/.	O
/.	O


uh	O
she	O
takes	O
her	O
faith	O
very	O
seriously	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
dominant	O
part	O
of	O
her	O
life	O
/.	O


and	O
keep	O
that	O
in	O
mind	O
my	O
friend	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
something	O
like	O
that	O
was	O
said	O
/.	O
/.	O


let	O
's	O
assume	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
was	O
said	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
's	O
quite	O
possible	O
although	O
if	O
that	O
's	O
all	O
that	O
was	O
said	O
you	O
would	O
have	O
thought	O
he	O
would	O
have	O
said	O
that	O
by	O
now	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
fact	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
should	O
he	O
be	O
asked	O
but	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
should	O
be	O
asked	O
what	O
information	O
he	O
gave	O
to	O
people	O
like	O
Dobson	B-PERSON
/.	O


and	O
frankly	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
things	O
is	O
this	O
is	O
an	O
advisor	O
a	O
person	O
who	O
's	O
known	O
the	O
President	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
decade	B-DATE
and	O
he	O
made	O
a	O
decision	O
based	O
on	O
what	O
he	O
knows	O
about	O
her	O
/.	O


That	O
means	O
even	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
Dobson	B-PERSON
or	O
Rove	B-PERSON
testifying	O
is	O
her	O
testifying	O
in	O
a	O
straightforwrad	O
way	O
what	O
both	O
Republicans	B-NORP
and	O
Democrats	B-NORP
want	O
to	O
know	O
/.	O


But	O
look	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
all	O
right	O
/.	O


Look	O
all	O
right	O
all	O
right	O
but	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
nice	O
theory	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
/.	O


I	O
can	O
promise	O
you	O
that	O
/.	O


I	O
promise	O
you	O
she	O
will	O
not	O
answer	O
the	O
questions	O
that	O
you	O
want	O
answered	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
happen	O
/.	O


If	O
you	O
're	O
right	O
about	O
that	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
right	O
about	O
that	O
/.	O


Of	O
course	O
I	O
'm	O
/-	O


I	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
surprised	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
to	O
see	O
Republican	B-NORP
and	O
Democratic	B-NORP
senators	O
unite	O
and	O
say	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
know	O
more	O
about	O
the	O
nominee	O
/.	O


look	O
that	O
may	O
happen	O
/.	O


but	O
anyone	O
who	O
's	O
now	O
claiming	O
that	O
they	O
expect	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
answers	O
from	O
Miers	B-PERSON
in	O
the	O
confirmation	O
hearing	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
somehow	O
uh	O
assure	O
them	O
one	O
way	O
or	O
the	O
other	O
are	O
just	O
grandstanding	O
because	O
they	O
know	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
it	O
/.	O


Come	O
on	O
/.	O


you	O
know	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
getting	O
the	O
answers	O
/.	O


she	O
ca	O
n't	O
say	O
how	O
she	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
vote	O
in	O
a	O
particular	O
case	O
/.	O


and	O
Elliot	B-PERSON
you	O
know	O
the	O
fact	O
of	O
the	O
matter	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
gets	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
nomination	O
/.	O


Whether	O
she	O
can	O
or	O
she	O
ca	O
n't	O
she	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
/.	O


But	O
you	O
know	O
well	O
enough	O
that	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
/.	O


well	O
look	O
/.	O


What	O
we	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
is	O
/.	O


No	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
actually	O
is	O
whether	O
information	O
was	O
given	O
from	O
the	B-GPE
White	I-GPE
House	I-GPE
to	O
/-	O


Hang	O
on	O
/.	O


one	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
/.	O


one	O
at	O
a	O
t-	O
/-	O


hang	O
on	O
Jay	B-PERSON
/.	O


go	O
ahead	O
/.	O


hang	O
on	O
Jay	B-PERSON
/.	O


one	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
/.	O


Jay	B-PERSON
Sekulow	I-PERSON
go	O
ahead	O
/.	O


here	O
's	O
what	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
/.	O


The	O
question	O
today	O
is	O
were	O
there	O
assurances	O
given	O
to	O
some	O
on	O
the	O
conservative	O
side	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
uh	O
Mrs.	O
Miers	B-PERSON
'	O
Harriet	B-PERSON
Miers	I-PERSON
'	I-PERSON
views	O
/.	O


The	O
answer	O
to	O
that	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
exactly	O
what	O
you	O
just	O
said	O
Dan	B-PERSON
/.	O


What	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
come	O
out	O
after	O
all	O
this	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
probably	O
not	O
take	O
a	O
Senate	B-ORG
hearing	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
talked	O
about	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
a	O
woman	O
of	O
sincere	O
faith	O
and	O
keep	O
that	O
in	O
mind	O
/.	O


I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
though	O
I	O
got	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
/.	O


look	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
hear	O
whether	O
that	O
's	O
actually	O
what	O
was	O
said	O
or	O
not	O
said	O
because	O
Dobson	B-PERSON
sure	O
made	O
it	O
sound	O
like	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
more	O
than	O
that	O
/.	O


Oh	O
sure	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
investigators	O
will	O
find	O
that	O
out	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
/.	O


well	O
that	O
's	O
exactly	O
right	O
/.	O


he	O
did	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
find	O
that	O
out	O
/.	O


Well	O
look	O
I	O
know	O
Jim	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
know	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Dobson	I-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
'll	O
tell	O
you	O
one	O
thing	O
/.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
Dobson	I-PERSON
is	O
going	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
truth	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
no	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
questioning	O
/.	O


no	O
no	O
/-	O


and	O
no	O
let	O
me	O
be	O
clear	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
mean	O
to	O
be	O
suggesting	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
truth	O
/.	O


Well	O
but	O
here	O
's	O
what	O
you	O
do	O
/.	O


you	O
ask	O
the	O
question	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
what	O
investigators	O
do	O
sure	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
saying	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
from	O
the	O
investigation	O
etcetera	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
Jay	B-PERSON
Sekulow	I-PERSON
and	O
Elliot	B-PERSON
Minkford	I-PERSON
thanks	O
a	O
lot	O
/.	O


appreciate	O
it	O
/.	O
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
,	O
the	O
families	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
people	O
allegedly	O
murdered	O
by	O
a	O
convicted	O
sex	O
offender	O
will	O
sue	O
another	O
county	O
for	O
letting	O
him	O
out	O
on	O
bail	O
/.	O


As	O
sad	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
as	O
a	O
legal	O
matter	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
they	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
case	O
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
back	O
with	O
the	O
horrible	O
story	O
of	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
Duncan	I-PERSON
charged	O
with	O
bludgeoning	O
Brenda	B-PERSON
Groney	I-PERSON
her	O
thirteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
son	O
Slade	B-PERSON
and	O
boyfriend	O
Mark	B-PERSON
McKenzie	I-PERSON
to	O
death	O
and	O
then	O
accused	O
also	O
of	O
kidnapping	O
Chaste	B-PERSON
and	O
Dylan	B-PERSON
and	O
molesting	O
them	O
repeatedly	O
over	O
almost	O
seven	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
/.	O


Chaste	B-PERSON
eventually	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
night	B-TIME
in	O
a	O
diner	O
with	O
her	O
alleged	O
captor	O
/.	O


and	O
just	O
days	O
later	O
Dylan	B-PERSON
's	O
remains	O
discovered	O
in	O
the	O
Montana	B-LOC
woods	O
/.	O


Well	O
now	O
Brenda	B-PERSON
Groney	I-PERSON
and	O
Mark	B-PERSON
McKenzie	I-PERSON
's	O
families	O
are	O
preparing	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
claiming	O
a	O
judge	O
prosecutors	O
and	O
law	O
enforcement	O
authorities	O
in	O
Becker	B-LOC
County	I-LOC
Minnesota	I-LOC
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
letting	O
Duncan	B-PERSON
out	O
on	O
bail	O
when	O
they	O
should	O
have	O
known	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
violent	O
sex	O
offender	O
and	O
they	O
should	O
have	O
known	O
he	O
'd	O
likely	O
offend	O
again	O
/.	O


I	O
fear	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
legal	O
leg	O
to	O
stand	O
on	O
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
what	O
we	O
know	O
/.	O


March	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
Duncan	B-PERSON
's	O
charged	O
with	O
molesting	O
two	B-CARDINAL
boys	O
in	O
Minnesota	B-LOC
/.	O


He	O
was	O
already	O
a	O
registered	O
sex	O
offender	O
having	O
served	O
almost	O
two	B-CARDINAL
decades	O
for	O
the	O
violent	O
rape	O
of	O
a	O
fourteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
boy	O
in	O
Washington	B-LOC
state	I-LOC
/.	O


April	B-DATE
fifth	I-DATE
voluntarily	O
goes	O
to	O
court	O
after	O
receiving	O
a	O
summons	O
/.	O


he	O
's	O
released	O
on	O
fifteen	B-MONEY
thousand	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
bail	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
condition	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
have	O
weekly	O
contact	O
with	O
probation	O
/.	O


April	B-DATE
eighteenth	I-DATE
last	O
time	O
probation	O
hears	O
from	O
Duncan	B-PERSON
/.	O


May	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
probation	O
tells	O
the	O
county	O
authority	O
Duncan	B-PERSON
's	O
disappeared	O
/.	O


and	O
on	O
May	B-DATE
fifteenth	I-DATE
Brenda	B-PERSON
and	O
Slade	B-PERSON
Groney	I-PERSON
and	O
Mark	B-PERSON
McKenzie	I-PERSON
were	O
murdered	O
in	O
Idaho	B-LOC
/.	O


My	O
take	O
/.	O


My	O
regular	O
viewers	O
know	O
how	O
angry	O
this	O
case	O
made	O
me	O
/.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
my	O
fury	O
at	O
Duncan	B-PERSON
I	O
became	O
furious	O
at	O
all	O
the	O
finger	O
pointing	O
in	O
Minnesota	B-LOC
/.	O


But	O
the	O
bottom	O
line	O
is	O
the	O
law	O
in	O
Minnesota	B-LOC
allowed	O
for	O
bail	O
/.	O


He	O
paid	O
cash	O
/.	O


If	O
the	O
bail	O
had	O
been	O
higher	O
he	O
could	O
have	O
still	O
put	O
uh	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
money	O
down	O
and	O
been	O
released	O
/.	O


It	O
would	O
n't	O
have	O
changed	O
anything	O
/.	O


The	O
law	O
in	O
Minnesota	B-LOC
needs	O
to	O
be	O
changed	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
afraid	O
that	O
this	O
lawsuit	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
thrown	O
out	O
/.	O


But	O
joining	O
me	O
now	O
is	O
the	O
attorney	O
who	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
representing	O
the	O
familes	O
of	O
Brenda	B-PERSON
Groney	I-PERSON
and	O
Mark	B-PERSON
McKenzie	I-PERSON
Russell	B-PERSON
Vancamp	I-PERSON
/.	O


Mr.	O
Vancamp	B-PERSON
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
uh	O
taking	O
the	O
time	O
/.	O


what	O
am	O
I	O
getting	O
wrong	O
here	O
as	O
a	O
legal	O
matter	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
/?	O


Well	O
you	O
know	O
in	O
our	O
system	O
of	O
justice	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
things	O
can	O
be	O
changed	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
takes	O
these	O
people	O
that	O
have	O
suffered	O
this	O
horrendous	O
situation	O
/.	O


but	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
case	O
that	O
can	O
change	O
the	O
law	O
or	O
change	O
how	O
sex	O
offenders	O
are	O
treated	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/.	O


We	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
time	O
is	O
now	O
/.	O


Look	O
I	O
agree	O
with	O
you	O
/.	O


Look	O
as	O
you	O
know	O
twice	O
a	O
show	O
we	O
put	O
out	O
the	O
pictures	O
of	O
wanted	O
sex	O
offenders	O
uh	O
who	O
have	O
not	O
reported	O
to	O
the	O
authorities	O
in	O
the	O
hope	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
help	O
in	O
that	O
effort	O
/.	O


But	O
as	O
legal	O
matter	O
you	O
would	O
concede	O
would	O
you	O
not	O
that	O
typically	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
lawsuit	O
would	O
be	O
thrown	O
out	O
/?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
concede	O
anything	O
number	O
one	O
/.	O


and	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
typical	O
lawsuit	O
/.	O


so	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
say	O
typical	O
/.	O


for	O
not	O
doing	O
more	O
etcetera	O
when	O
the	O
result	O
was	O
horrible	O
generally	O
would	O
be	O
thrown	O
out	O
/.	O


Absolutely	O
not	O
/.	O


not	O
generally	O
/.	O


When	O
you	O
have	O
such	O
a	O
horrific	O
uh	O
situation	O
as	O
this	O
uh	O
the	O
law	O
takes	O
a	O
closer	O
look	O
at	O
it	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
there	O
could	O
be	O
some	O
federal	O
laws	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
violated	O
here	O
/.	O


so	O
I	O
feel	O
uh	O
that	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
in	O
uh	O
Minnesota	B-LOC
they	O
need	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
it	O
now	O
/.	O


How	O
is	O
the	O
lawsuit	O
viewed	O
differently	O
as	O
a	O
legal	O
matter	O
based	O
on	O
how	O
horrific	O
the	O
crime	O
was	O
/?	O


Now	O
remember	O
/.	O


this	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
yet	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
tort	O
claim	O
/.	O


But	O
when	O
it	O
shocks	O
the	O
conscience	O
of	O
the	O
average	O
person	O
/.	O


and	O
any	O
normal	O
human	O
being	O
would	O
be	O
shocked	O
by	O
what	O
happened	O
here	O
and	O
how	O
easy	O
it	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
for	O
uh	O
the	O
uh	O
responsible	O
authorities	O
to	O
look	O
back	O
at	O
a	O
twenty	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
history	O
of	O
this	O
devil	O
incarnate	O
and	O
uh	O
not	O
let	O
him	O
loose	O
/.	O


and	O
this	O
situation	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
happened	O
/.	O


The	O
family	O
wants	O
to	O
stop	O
this	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
what	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


Is	O
there	O
a	O
danger	O
that	O
if	O
lawsuits	O
like	O
this	O
succeed	O
that	O
basically	O
any	O
time	O
a	O
uh	O
public	O
official	O
uh	O
acts	O
in	O
a	O
particular	O
way	O
or	O
does	O
n't	O
act	O
that	O
if	O
something	O
horrible	O
happens	O
later	O
that	O
person	O
will	O
be	O
held	O
civily	O
responsible	O
/?	O


Well	O
in	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
case	O
especially	O
now	O
/-	O


Remember	O
/.	O


back	O
in	O
the	O
old	O
days	O
the	O
king	O
could	O
do	O
no	O
wrong	O
/.	O


Well	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
the	O
king	O
did	O
wrong	O
/.	O


and	O
through	O
their	O
neglegence	O
uh	O
we	O
lost	O
human	O
lives	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
horrendous	O
things	O
happened	O
to	O
little	O
kids	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
case	O
that	O
's	O
an	O
exception	O
to	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
generalization	O
that	O
you	O
talk	O
about	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
fair	O
then	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
you	O
blame	O
the	O
Minnesota	B-GPE
authorities	O
for	O
everything	O
that	O
happened	O
here	O
/?	O


We	O
blame	O
the	O
responsible	O
hired	O
employees	O
of	O
this	O
county	O
to	O
do	O
their	O
job	O
correctly	O
and	O
do	O
it	O
right	O
and	O
not	O
just	O
go	O
through	O
every	O
day	O
on	O
a	O
rote	O
type	O
situation	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
that	O
type	O
of	O
situation	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
some	O
accountability	O
/.	O


and	O
there	O
's	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
accountability	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
/.	O


And	O
when	O
you	O
say	O
accountability	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
talking	O
about	O
/-	O


I	O
mean	O
we	O
all	O
would	O
blame	O
Duncan	B-PERSON
/.	O


but	O
you	O
're	O
also	O
saying	O
that	O
the	O
county	O
in	O
Minnesota	B-GPE
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
these	O
deaths	O
/.	O


Uh	O
in	O
a	O
legal	O
sense	O
they	O
're	O
responsible	O
/.	O


They	O
let	O
him	O
out	O
/.	O


This	O
guy	O
should	O
have	O
never	O
been	O
let	O
out	O
and	O
should	O
have	O
never	O
been	O
given	O
a	O
bond	O
/.	O


and	O
had	O
they	O
done	O
their	O
job	O
right	O
back	O
there	O
and	O
had	O
uh	O
invesigated	O
it	O
properly	O
in	O
this	O
information	O
age	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
it	O
is	O
my	O
opinion	O
and	O
the	O
families	O
'	O
opinion	O
this	O
would	O
have	O
not	O
happened	O
/.	O


But	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
stop	O
this	O
from	O
happening	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
well	O
look	O
I	O
think	O
uh	O
we	O
all	O
do	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
you	O
know	O
uh	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
fault	O
you	O
for	O
giving	O
it	O
a	O
try	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
you	O
got	O
a	O
very	O
difficult	O
legal	O
uh	O
challenge	O
ahead	O
of	O
you	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
're	O
doing	O
it	O
for	O
the	O
right	O
reasons	O
/.	O


Russell	B-PERSON
Vancamp	I-PERSON
thanks	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
taking	O
the	O
time	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
let	O
those	O
on	O
the	O
far	O
right	O
tell	O
you	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
litmus	O
test	O
for	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
nominees	O
/.	O


Take	O
one	O
look	O
at	O
how	O
they	O
're	O
reacting	O
to	O
Harriet	B-PERSON
Miers	I-PERSON
/.	O


and	O
you	O
'll	O
see	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
/.	O


Either	O
you	O
agree	O
with	O
them	O
/.	O


or	O
you	O
're	O
out	O
/.	O


and	O
keep	O
in	O
mind	O
when	O
it	O
came	O
to	O
Roberts	B-PERSON
some	O
on	O
the	O
left	O
did	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
tired	O
of	O
it	O
/.	O


My	O
closing	O
argument	O
/.	O


And	O
our	O
continuing	O
series	O
Manhunt	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sex	I-WORK_OF_ART
Offenders	I-WORK_OF_ART
on	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Loose	I-WORK_OF_ART
our	O
effort	O
to	O
find	O
sex	O
offenders	O
before	O
they	O
strike	O
/.	O


This	O
week	O
we	O
're	O
focusing	O
on	O
California	B-GPE
/.	O


Authorities	O
need	O
your	O
finding	O
Clifford	B-PERSON
Willard	I-PERSON
convicted	O
of	O
lewd	O
acts	O
with	O
a	O
child	O
under	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
fourteen	B-DATE
/.	O


He	O
's	O
fifty	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
five	B-QUANTITY
eight	I-QUANTITY
one	B-QUANTITY
fifty	I-QUANTITY
has	O
not	O
registered	O
with	O
the	O
authorities	O
/.	O


If	O
you	O
got	O
any	O
information	O
on	O
his	O
whereabouts	O
please	O
call	O
uh	O
the	B-ORG
California	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
nine	O
one	O
six	O
two	O
two	O
seven	O
four	O
nine	O
seven	O
four	O
/.	O


Back	O
in	O
a	O
minute	B-DATE
/.	O


Closing	O
argument	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
time	O
to	O
blow	O
through	O
the	O
smoke	O
screens	O
created	O
by	O
many	O
opposed	O
to	O
Harriet	B-PERSON
Miers	I-PERSON
'	I-PERSON
nomination	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
/.	O


It	O
's	O
actually	O
quite	O
easy	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


The	O
far	O
right	O
is	O
afraid	O
she	O
's	O
not	O
far	O
enough	O
to	O
the	O
right	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
want	O
proof	O
period	O
/.	O


Do	O
n't	O
believe	O
those	O
who	O
say	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
litmus	O
test	O
/.	O


Of	O
course	O
there	O
is	O
/.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
overturn	O
Roe	B-LAW
v	I-LAW
Wade	I-LAW
,	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
limit	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
gays	O
and	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
allow	O
more	O
religion	O
in	O
public	O
buildings	O
and	O
schools	O
then	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
you	O
on	O
the	O
court	O
period	O
/.	O


Your	O
qualifications	O
quote	O
end	O
quote	O
meaningless	O
/.	O


Now	O
apart	O
from	O
the	O
handful	O
of	O
law	O
professors	O
and	O
legal	O
scholars	O
almost	O
all	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
are	O
claiming	O
she	O
's	O
not	O
qualified	O
are	O
just	O
looking	O
for	O
an	O
excuse	O
/.	O


I	O
assure	O
you	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
them	O
would	O
welcome	O
a	O
poorly	O
qualified	O
but	O
guaranteed	O
hardcore	O
conservative	O
/.	O


The	O
far	O
right	O
is	O
only	O
resorting	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
her	O
judicial	O
experience	O
and	O
qualifications	O
because	O
they	O
want	O
someone	O
with	O
experience	O
that	O
proves	O
she	O
'll	O
vote	O
their	O
way	O
not	O
because	O
they	O
truly	O
are	O
concerned	O
about	O
her	O
ability	O
to	O
uh	O
evaluate	O
constitutional	O
issues	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
almost	O
humorous	O
to	O
hear	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
people	O
who	O
regularly	O
mock	O
the	O
so	O
called	O
elite	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
her	O
law	O
school	O
SMU	B-ORG
is	O
not	O
among	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
most	O
respected	O
/.	O


Now	O
some	O
on	O
the	O
left	O
engaged	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
type	O
of	O
dishonest	O
attack	O
during	O
John	B-PERSON
Roberts	I-PERSON
'	I-PERSON
confirmation	O
process	O
/.	O


They	O
could	O
n't	O
hide	O
behind	O
the	O
cloak	O
of	O
inadequate	O
qualifications	O
/.	O


After	O
all	O
the	O
Harvard	B-ORG
law	O
grad	O
had	O
worked	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
repatedly	O
argued	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
and	O
had	O
served	O
as	O
a	O
federal	O
Court	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Appeals	I-ORG
judge	O
/.	O


So	O
instead	O
the	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
senators	O
who	O
opposed	O
Roberts	B-PERSON
claimed	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
n't	O
vote	O
for	O
him	O
because	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
enough	O
about	O
him	O
or	O
said	O
he	O
had	O
n't	O
answered	O
their	O
questions	O
/.	O


The	O
reality	O
they	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
assured	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
vote	O
with	O
the	O
conservative	O
justices	O
on	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
controversial	O
issues	O
in	O
particular	O
Roe	B-LAW
v	I-LAW
Wade	I-LAW
/.	O


Since	O
when	O
are	O
senators	O
entitled	O
to	O
guarantees	O
about	O
how	O
a	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
justice	O
will	O
rule	O
/?	O


The	O
Senate	B-ORG
's	O
constitutional	O
role	O
of	O
advise	O
and	O
consent	O
is	O
rapidly	O
disintegrating	O
into	O
one	O
of	O
advocate	O
and	O
confront	O
/.	O


I	O
'll	O
say	O
it	O
again	O
/.	O


We	O
can	O
not	O
let	O
the	O
fringes	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
hijack	O
the	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
nomination	O
process	O
/.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
even	O
more	O
insulting	O
and	O
dangerous	O
when	O
they	O
are	O
n't	O
straight	O
with	O
us	O
about	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
saying	O
and	O
why	O
they	O
're	O
saying	O
it	O
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
the	O
terror	O
alert	O
in	O
New	B-LOC
York	I-LOC
City	I-LOC
now	O
over	O
/.	O


Some	O
of	O
you	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
defense	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
officials	O
criticized	O
for	O
going	O
public	O
about	O
questionable	O
threats	O
/.	O


Your	O
emails	O
next	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
had	O
my	O
say	O
/.	O


now	O
it	O
's	O
time	O
for	O
your	O
rebuttal	O
/.	O


Many	O
of	O
you	O
writing	O
in	O
about	O
the	O
terror	O
threats	O
on	O
the	O
New	B-LOC
York	I-LOC
City	I-LOC
subway	O
system	O
and	O
fact	O
that	O
New	B-GPE
york	I-GPE
was	O
taking	O
it	O
more	O
seriously	O
than	O
the	O
feds	O
/.	O


Phil	B-PERSON
and	O
Susan	B-PERSON
Kissler	I-PERSON
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
get	O
this	O
straight	O
/.	O


Homeland	B-ORG
security	I-ORG
ie	O
FEMA	B-ORG
condemned	O
the	O
mayor	O
of	O
New	B-LOC
Orleans	I-LOC
/.	O


and	O
now	O
Homeland	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
's	O
condemning	O
the	O
Mayor	O
of	O
New	B-LOC
York	I-LOC
for	O
overreacting	O
/.	O


Jeff	B-PERSON
Morris	I-PERSON
in	O
Socrates	B-LOC
New	I-LOC
York	I-LOC
/.	O


The	O
source	O
for	O
this	O
latest	O
is	O
saying	O
Jihadists	B-NORP
from	O
Iraq	B-GPE
are	O
coming	O
to	O
NYC	B-LOC
for	O
an	O
attack	O
on	O
the	O
subway	O
system	O
/.	O


If	O
this	O
is	O
true	O
does	O
n't	O
this	O
contradict	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
now	O
safer	O
for	O
invading	O
Iraq	B-GPE
rhetoric	O
the	B-GPE
White	I-GPE
House	I-GPE
has	O
been	O
saying	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
now	O
/?	O


Tabs	O
Rush	O
/.	O


all	O
I	O
've	O
heard	O
is	O
skepticism	O
about	O
the	O
threat	O
/.	O


If	O
it	O
happens	O
then	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
blame	O
Bush	B-PERSON
for	O
not	O
acting	O
/.	O


If	O
he	O
does	O
he	O
's	O
trying	O
to	O
walk	O
the	O
dog	O
/.	O


I	O
believe	O
the	O
term	O
is	O
wag	O
the	O
dog	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
get	O
your	O
point	O
/.	O


PJ	B-PERSON
Williamson	I-PERSON
from	O
Tennessee	B-LOC
/.	O


After	O
the	O
way	O
Homeland	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
and	O
FEMA	B-ORG
performed	O
during	O
Katrina	B-EVENT
do	O
we	O
really	O
trust	O
their	O
opinion	O
/?	O


I	O
trust	O
the	O
local	O
officials	O
much	O
more	O
than	O
the	O
Washington	B-GPE
jokers	O
/.	O


Finally	O
Sherry	B-PERSON
Sharrows	I-PERSON
from	O
Belleville	B-LOC
Illinois	I-LOC
/.	O


Call	O
me	O
a	O
cynic	O
/.	O


but	O
every	O
time	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
get	O
into	O
trouble	O
we	O
get	O
a	O
terror	O
alert	O
/.	O


Coincidence	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
so	O
/.	O


Your	O
emails	O
Abrams	B-WORK_OF_ART
Report	I-WORK_OF_ART
one	O
word	O
at	O
MSNBC	O
dot	O
com	O
/.	O


we	O
go	O
through	O
them	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
show	O
/.	O


We	O
've	O
got	O
an	O
update	O
on	O
our	O
first	O
ever	O
Abrams	B-WORK_OF_ART
Report	I-WORK_OF_ART
auction	O
/.	O


My	O
press	O
passes	O
to	O
Scott	B-PERSON
Peterson	I-PERSON
and	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
trials	O
brought	O
in	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
four	O
thousand	O
one	O
hundred	O
and	O
thirty	O
eight	O
dollars	O
/.	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
we	O
arrange	O
the	O
payment	O
we	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
about	O
who	O
the	O
winner	O
is	O
/.	O


That	O
does	O
it	O
for	O
us	O
tonight	O
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
next	O
here	O
on	O
MSNBC	B-WORK_OF_ART
First	I-WORK_OF_ART
Look	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


If	O
they	O
decide	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
a	O
centerpiece	O
we	O
'll	O
know	O
it	O
when	O
we	O
see	O
it	O
/.	O


What	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
not	O
run	O
as	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Cruise	I-PERSON
anymore	O
not	O
run	O
as	O
Top	O
Gun	O
because	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
work	O
anymore	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
trying	O
to	O
run	O
as	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Bauer	I-PERSON
you	O
know	O
on	O
domestic	O
security	O
/.	O


If	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
nationalized	O
on	O
the	O
Republicans	B-ORG
'	O
terms	O
they	O
want	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
about	O
domestic	O
security	O
about	O
the	B-LAW
Patriot	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
about	O
the	O
surveillance	O
of	O
terrorists	O
et	O
cetera	O
/.	O


Is	O
n't	O
it	O
wonderful	O
to	O
see	O
how	O
Democrats	B-NORP
are	O
so	O
clear	O
cut	O
on	O
issues	O
like	O
abortion	O
rights	O
/?	O


We	O
're	O
for	O
them	O
/.	O


No	O
complications	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
right	O
right	O
/.	O


War	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


well	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
about	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
guys	O
I"m	O
watching	O
is	O
a	O
dark	O
horse	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
he	O
would	O
have	O
passed	O
muster	O
at	O
the	O
Memphis	B-LOC
meeting	O
we	O
were	O
covering	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
so	O
culturally	O
conservative	O
/.	O


Is	O
the	O
guy	O
I	O
believe	O
who	O
would	O
win	O
if	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
political	O
parties	O
/.	O


If	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
a	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
party	I-ORG
and	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
a	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
party	I-ORG
,	O
if	O
we	O
just	O
had	O
a	O
big	O
boat	O
I	O
think	O
Giuliani	B-PERSON
would	O
be	O
unstoppable	O
because	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
city	O
guy	O
you	O
know	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
guy	O
that	O
's	O
dealt	O
with	O
horror	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
's	O
tough	O
on	O
crime	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
's	O
smart	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
's	O
with	O
most	O
people	O
on	O
the	O
social	O
issues	O
/.	O


Well	O
I	O
happen	O
to	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
way	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
and	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
are	O
trying	O
to	O
redefine	O
the	O
issue	O
which	O
is	O
about	O
domestic	O
security	O
/-	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
war	O
because	O
the	O
war	O
's	O
a	O
mess	O
/.	O


They	O
want	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
protecting	O
the	O
homeland	O
/.	O


The	O
natural	O
inheritor	O
of	O
that	O
definition	O
of	O
the	O
presidency	O
/-	O


The	B-PERSON
Jack	I-PERSON
Bauer	I-PERSON
/-	O


Is	O
Winston	B-PERSON
Giuliani	I-PERSON
Churchill	I-PERSON
/.	O


the	O
Jack	O
Bauer	O
figure	O
in	O
other	O
words	O
from	O
twenty	O
four	O
is	O
Rudy	O
Giuliani	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


The	O
big	O
city	O
mayor	O
the	O
crime	O
fighter	O
BUT	O
pro-choice	O
pro-gun	O
-	O
control	O
pro-gay	O
-	O
rights	O
/.	O


BUT	O
.	O
gang	O
landlord	O
/.	O


You	O
name	O
it	O
/.	O


Married	O
three	O
times	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
it	O
may	O
just	O
be	O
too	O
much	O
/.	O


Plus	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
business	O
interest	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
making	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
at	O
/.	O


And	O
there	O
's	O
some	O
people	O
who	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
doing	O
this	O
as	O
a	O
loss	O
leader	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
keeping	O
his	O
name	O
in	O
circulation	O
as	O
a	O
loss	O
leader	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
so	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
waiting	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
moment	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
waiting	O
to	O
see	O
whether	O
John	B-PERSON
McCain	I-PERSON
can	O
make	O
the	O
distance	O
/.	O


If	O
he	O
ca	O
n't	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
in	O
/.	O


By	O
the	O
way	O
he	O
's	O
the	O
most	O
imperfect	O
candidate	O
by	O
that	O
accounting	O
I	O
agree	O
and	O
also	O
the	O
most	O
perfect	O
/.	O


What	O
a	O
wonderful	O
combination	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
powerful	O
at	O
any	O
audience	O
Republican	B-NORP
Democrat	B-NORP
or	O
otherwise	O
/.	O


Biggest	O
audiences	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
this	O
guy	O
draws	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
Howard	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
scared	O
that	O
we	O
agree	O
/.	O


Join	O
us	O
again	O
tomorrow	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
at	O
five	B-TIME
and	I-TIME
seven	I-TIME
eastern	I-TIME
for	O
the	O
hardball	O
hot	O
shot	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
always	O
fun	O
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
here	O
/.	O


Right	O
now	O
it	O
's	O
time	O
for	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Abrams	I-WORK_OF_ART
report	I-WORK_OF_ART
with	O
Dan	B-PERSON
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
,	O
bar	O
bouncer	O
Darryl	B-PERSON
Littlejohn	I-PERSON
pleads	O
not	O
guilty	O
to	O
murdering	O
grad	O
student	O
Imette	B-PERSON
St.	I-PERSON
Guillen	I-PERSON
.	O
And	O
says	O
on	O
camera	O
the	O
authorities	O
have	O
the	O
wrong	O
guy	O
/.	O


The	O
program	O
about	O
justice	O
starts	O
now	O
/.	O


Just	O
hours	B-TIME
ago	I-TIME
this	O
man	O
was	O
arraigned	O
for	O
the	O
brutal	O
murder	O
of	O
graduate	O
student	O
Imette	B-PERSON
St.	I-PERSON
Guillen	I-PERSON
/.	O


Hi	O
everyone	O
/.	O


First	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
docket	O
bouncer	O
Darryl	B-PERSON
Littlejohn	I-PERSON
pleaded	O
not	O
guilty	O
to	O
charges	O
he	O
murdered	O
twenty	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Guillen	B-PERSON
/.	O


She	O
was	O
found	O
strangled	O
and	O
wrapped	O
in	O
tape	O
/.	O


This	O
was	O
just	O
a	O
day	O
after	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
spoke	O
out	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
telling	O
WCBS	B-ORG
in	O
New	B-LOC
York	I-LOC
that	O
police	O
have	O
got	O
the	O
wrong	O
guy	O
/.	O


Not	O
knowing	O
this	O
woman	O
personally	O
or	O
anything	O
you	O
know	O
from	O
the	O
little	O
bit	O
that	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
told	O
about	O
her	O
she	O
was	O
a	O
brilliant	O
person	O
/.	O


And	O
she	O
was	O
going	O
on	O
with	O
her	O
life	O
you	O
know	O
to	O
become	O
somebody	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
/.	O


And	O
The	O
family	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
devastated	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
'm	O
truly	O
sorry	O
what	O
happened	O
to	O
this	O
young	O
lady	O
/.	O


but	O
they	O
have	O
the	O
wrong	O
person	O
/.	O


uh	O
We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
play	O
more	O
of	O
that	O
interview	O
/.	O


But	O
joining	O
me	O
now	O
New	B-WORK_OF_ART
York	I-WORK_OF_ART
Sun	I-WORK_OF_ART
columnist	O
David	B-PERSON
Golden	I-PERSON
who	O
was	O
at	O
the	O
arraignment	O
today	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
/.	O


so	O
David	B-PERSON
set	O
the	O
scene	O
for	O
us	O
/.	O


Well	O
at	O
about	O
two	B-TIME
fifteen	I-TIME
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
in	O
a	O
packed	O
ceremonial	O
courtroom	O
in	O
Brooklyn	B-GPE
court	O
with	O
Imette	B-PERSON
's	O
sister	O
and	O
mother	O
sitting	O
in	O
the	O
front	O
row	O
and	O
dozens	O
of	O
reporters	O
watching	O
Mr.	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
walked	O
in	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
shackled	O
/.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
say	O
a	O
word	O
throughout	O
the	O
entire	O
hearing	O
/.	O


But	O
his	O
attorney	O
entered	O
the	O
plea	O
for	O
him	O
of	O
not	O
guilty	O
/.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
charges	O
here	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
count	O
of	O
first	O
degree	O
murder	O
/.	O


To	O
convict	O
on	O
that	O
a	O
jury	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
find	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
killing	O
Imette	B-PERSON
Mr.	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
committed	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
sex	O
crime	O
also	O
/.	O


To	O
protect	O
themselves	O
prosecutors	O
have	O
added	O
two	B-CARDINAL
second	O
degree	O
murder	O
charges	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
require	O
a	O
sex	O
crime	O
to	O
have	O
taken	O
place	O
/.	O


Earlier	B-TIME
in	O
the	O
day	O
Police	O
Commissioner	O
Ray	B-PERSON
Kelly	I-PERSON
and	O
Brooklyn	B-GPE
District	O
Attorney	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Hines	I-PERSON
laid	O
out	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
evidence	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
in	O
addition	O
Dan	B-PERSON
to	O
what	O
we	O
'd	O
heard	O
before	O
Which	O
was	O
the	O
cops	O
had	O
cell	O
phone	O
records	O
placing	O
Mr.	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
in	O
the	O
area	O
where	O
Imette	B-PERSON
's	O
body	O
was	O
found	O
Witnesses	O
saying	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
left	O
the	B-LOC
Falls	I-LOC
bar	I-LOC
with	O
Imette	B-PERSON
And	O
blood	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
's	O
apparently	O
on	O
the	O
ties	O
that	O
were	O
binding	O
together	O
Imette	B-PERSON
's	O
hands	O
/.	O


He	O
heard	O
two	B-CARDINAL
new	O
pieces	O
of	O
forensic	O
evidence	O
today	O
/.	O


From	O
Mr.	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
's	O
diverse	O
wardrobe	O
apparently	O
cops	O
say	O
they	O
found	O
hairs	O
matching	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
jackets	O
on	O
the	O
tape	O
that	O
was	O
wrapping	O
Imette	B-PERSON
's	O
face	O
and	O
also	O
on	O
the	O
blanket	O
that	O
was	O
wrapping	O
her	O
body	O
/.	O


you	O
say	O
diverse	O
wardrobe	O
/.	O


you	O
know	O
you	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
some	O
weird	O
mink	O
coats	O
and	O
stuff	O
,	O
right	O
/?	O


There	O
's	O
like	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
rabbit	O
coat	O
or	O
something	O
/?	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
rabbit	O
coat	O
and	O
a	O
mink	O
coat	O
/.	O


And	O
fibers	O
from	O
those	O
coats	O
were	O
apparently	O
found	O
on	O
both	O
the	O
tape	O
as	O
I	O
said	O
and	O
also	O
on	O
the	O
blanket	O
that	O
her	O
body	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
extent	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
of	O
the	O
evidence	O
that	O
police	O
say	O
they	O
have	O
.	O
Although	O
they	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
they	O
've	O
gone	O
through	O
forensically	O
twenty	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
evidence	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
collected	O
/.	O


Still	O
waiting	O
on	O
they	O
say	O
plenty	O
more	O
evidence	O
that	O
's	O
undergoing	O
tests	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
ask	O
you	O
about	O
um	O
any	O
eye	O
contact	O
interaction	O
uh	O
between	O
the	O
family	O
members	O
and	O
Darryl	B-PERSON
Littlejohn	I-PERSON
in	O
a	O
moment	O
/.	O


But	O
first	O
here	O
's	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
of	O
sound	O
from	O
outside	O
of	O
court	O
/.	O


First	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
Imette	B-PERSON
's	O
sister	O
Alexandra	B-PERSON
and	O
then	O
Kevin	B-PERSON
O'Donnell	I-PERSON
uh	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
's	O
attorney	O
/.	O


This	O
again	O
only	O
hours	O
ago	O
/.	O


Imette	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
good	O
person	O
a	O
kind	O
person	O
/.	O


Her	O
heart	O
was	O
full	O
of	O
love	O
a	O
love	O
she	O
willingly	O
shared	O
with	O
friends	O
and	O
family	O
/.	O


She	O
had	O
a	O
passion	O
for	O
life	O
and	O
a	O
thirst	O
for	O
seeing	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
learning	O
new	O
things	O
/.	O


With	O
Imette	B-PERSON
's	O
death	O
the	O
world	O
has	O
lost	O
something	O
special	O
far	O
too	O
soon	O
/.	O


My	O
heart	O
and	O
prayers	O
go	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Imette	B-PERSON
St.	I-PERSON
Guillen	I-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
imagine	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
through	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
have	O
my	O
word	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
put	O
her	O
on	O
trial	O
here	O
/.	O


I	O
will	O
treat	O
her	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
dignity	O
that	O
she	O
lived	O
her	O
life	O
with	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
see	O
about	O
that	O
/.	O


But	O
uh	O
David	B-PERSON
any	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
the	O
families	O
and	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
in	O
court	O
/?	O


None	O
whatsoever	O
/.	O


They	O
were	O
on	O
opposite	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
courtroom	O
/.	O


On	O
the	O
right	O
side	O
facing	O
in	O
at	O
the	O
defense	O
table	O
Mr.	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
sat	O
/.	O


As	O
I	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
shackled	O
the	O
whole	O
time	O
/.	O


he	O
stared	O
forward	O
in	O
a	O
gray	O
jumpsuit	O
that	O
was	O
clearly	O
the	O
prison	O
garb	O
he	O
was	O
issued	O
apparently	O
/.	O


Maybe	O
it	O
was	O
his	O
own	O
clothes	O
/.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
/.	O


He	O
just	O
sat	O
there	O
staring	O
forward	O
/.	O


On	O
the	O
opposite	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
courtroom	O
sitting	O
with	O
some	O
other	O
family	O
and	O
friends	O
in	O
the	O
front	O
row	O
Alexandra	B-PERSON
St.	I-PERSON
Guillen	I-PERSON
had	O
her	O
arm	O
around	O
her	O
mother	O
/.	O


Her	O
mother	O
was	O
wearing	O
those	O
sunglasses	O
in	O
court	O
that	O
you	O
just	O
saw	O
her	O
wearing	O
just	O
now	O
/.	O


They	O
were	O
staring	O
straight	O
ahead	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


Very	O
very	O
little	O
spoken	O
between	O
them	O
/.	O


At	O
one	O
point	O
Ms.	O
St.	B-PERSON
Guillen	I-PERSON
the	O
while	O
the	O
judge	O
and	O
the	O
various	O
lawyers	O
were	O
discussing	O
future	O
court	O
dates	O
was	O
asking	O
something	O
about	O
what	O
was	O
going	O
on	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
all	O
right	O
/.	O


But	O
that	O
was	O
it	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
/.	O


uh	O
Davidson	B-PERSON
stick	O
around	O
uh	O
because	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
our	O
panel	O
in	B-TIME
a	I-TIME
minute	I-TIME
/.	O


You	O
'll	O
join	O
us	O
/.	O


But	O
over	O
the	O
last	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
hours	O
a	O
sort	O
of	O
war	O
of	O
words	O
has	O
erupted	O
between	O
the	O
police	O
and	O
that	O
man	O
officially	O
charged	O
with	O
Imette	B-PERSON
's	O
murder	O
/.	O


This	O
focus	O
should	O
n't	O
really	O
be	O
on	O
me	O
/.	O


It	O
should	O
be	O
on	O
them	O
finding	O
who	O
is	O
really	O
responsible	O
for	O
this	O
young	O
lady	O
's	O
you	O
know	O
tragic	O
death	O
/.	O


Imette	B-PERSON
's	O
hands	O
and	O
feet	O
were	O
bound	O
and	O
her	O
mouth	O
gagged	O
with	O
a	O
white	O
athletic	O
sock	O
/.	O


She	O
had	O
been	O
sexually	O
abused	O
and	O
asphyxiated	O
/.	O


Plastic	O
packing	O
tape	O
covered	O
her	O
eyes	O
her	O
nose	O
and	O
her	O
mouth	O
/.	O


Imette	B-PERSON
was	O
last	O
seen	O
leaving	O
the	B-ORG
Falls	I-ORG
bar	I-ORG
with	O
Darryl	B-PERSON
Littlejohn	I-PERSON
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
see	O
Imette	B-PERSON
St.	I-PERSON
Guillen	I-PERSON
leave	O
the	O
bar	O
/?	O


At	O
the	B-TIME
end	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
yes	O
/.	O


Okay	O
um	O
/.	O


Just	O
before	O
closing	O
/.	O


Did	O
somebody	O
ask	O
you	O
to	O
escort	O
her	O
out	O
/?	O


Yes	O
it	O
was	O
close	O
to	O
closing	O
time	O
/.	O


All	O
the	O
other	O
patrons	O
had	O
left	O
the	O
bar	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
asked	O
to	O
escort	O
her	O
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
do	O
that	O
/?	O


Yes	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
normal	O
/.	O


upon	O
closing	O
time	O
the	O
stragglers	O
or	O
whoever	O
is	O
remaining	O
behind	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
off	O
the	O
premises	O
by	O
four	O
AM	O
/.	O


or	O
the	O
bar	O
gets	O
fined	O
/.	O


So	O
yes	O
that	O
's	O
normal	O
/.	O


When	O
police	O
were	O
questioning	O
you	O
did	O
you	O
volunteer	O
to	O
give	O
your	O
DNA	O
/?	O


Yes	O
I	O
did	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
gave	O
it	O
/?	O


Yes	O
/.	O


There	O
was	O
never	O
a	O
question	O
about	O
me	O
consenting	O
to	O
give	O
my	O
DNA	O
/.	O


When	O
they	O
first	O
approached	O
me	O
at	O
the	O
Falls	B-ORG
I	O
provided	O
them	O
with	O
my	O
real	O
name	O
my	O
real	O
address	O
social	O
security	O
number	O
birth	O
date	O
so	O
on	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
/.	O


A	O
DNA	O
match	O
was	O
made	O
with	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
's	O
blood	O
on	O
the	O
plastic	O
ties	O
that	O
bound	O
her	O
hands	O
/.	O


Red	O
polyester	O
rug	O
fibers	O
from	O
carpeting	O
in	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
's	O
residence	O
along	O
with	O
brown	O
mink	O
hair	O
from	O
a	O
jacket	O
in	O
his	O
residence	O
and	O
blue	O
rabbit	O
hair	O
from	O
a	O
jacket	O
collar	O
in	O
his	O
residence	O
were	O
consistent	O
with	O
rug	O
fibers	O
mink	O
and	O
rabbit	O
hair	O
that	O
were	O
found	O
on	O
the	O
tapes	O
used	O
on	O
Imette	O
's	O
head	O
in	O
the	O
blanket	O
in	O
which	O
her	O
body	O
was	O
found	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
Winstar	B-PRODUCT
van	O
used	O
by	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
a	O
likely	O
suspect	O
because	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
criminal	O
background	O
and	O
I	O
was	O
n't	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
working	O
/.	O


A	O
cell	O
phone	O
used	O
exclusively	O
by	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
had	O
been	O
in	O
close	O
proximity	O
to	O
where	O
her	O
body	O
was	O
found	O
/.	O


His	O
phone	O
was	O
used	O
there	O
at	O
seven	B-TIME
thirty	I-TIME
one	I-TIME
PM	I-TIME
less	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
an	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
before	O
the	O
body	O
was	O
reported	O
by	O
the	O
nine	O
one	O
one	O
call	O
/.	O


Further	O
a	O
witness	O
said	O
he	O
saw	O
a	O
van	O
that	O
matched	O
the	O
description	O
of	O
the	O
one	O
used	O
by	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
making	O
a	O
u-turn	O
at	O
about	O
seven	B-TIME
thirty	I-TIME
PM	I-TIME
at	O
the	O
place	O
Imette	B-PERSON
's	O
body	O
was	O
found	O
/.	O


Finally	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
witnesses	O
or	O
other	O
evidence	O
to	O
support	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
's	O
claim	O
that	O
he	O
visited	O
his	O
mother	O
in	O
a	O
nursing	O
home	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
Imette	O
was	O
killed	O
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
kill	O
Imette	B-PERSON
St.	I-PERSON
Guillen	I-PERSON
/?	O


No	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
/.	O


Another	O
problem	O
of	O
course	O
is	O
that	O
he	O
told	O
the	O
Daily	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
reporter	O
that	O
he	O
hardly	O
even	O
remembered	O
Imette	B-PERSON
being	O
there	O
and	O
now	O
he	O
's	O
saying	O
oh	O
yeah	O
I	O
walked	O
her	O
out	O
/.	O


Joining	O
us	O
now	O
former	O
prosecutor	O
Gail	B-PERSON
Abramson	I-PERSON
and	O
criminal	O
defense	O
attorney	O
uh	O
Janna	B-PERSON
Spillbore	I-PERSON
/.	O


All	O
right	O
so	O
Janna	B-PERSON
look	O
this	O
defense	O
attorney	O
is	O
out	O
there	O
uh	O
you	O
know	O
talking	O
a	O
big	O
game	O
Basically	O
saying	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
solid	O
defense	O
here	O
/.	O


uh	O
he	O
took	O
the	O
subway	O
home	O
/.	O


he	O
had	O
nothing	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
this	O
et	O
cetera	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
and	O
what	O
's	O
wrong	O
with	O
that	O
/?	O


He	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
present	O
the	O
uh	O
some	O
other	O
dude	O
defense	O
did	O
it	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
could	O
work	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
Dan	B-PERSON
because	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
solid	O
evidence	O
yet	O
linking	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
to	O
Imette	B-PERSON
St.	I-PERSON
Guillen	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
rape	O
or	O
her	O
murder	O
/.	O


Well	O
you	O
mean	O
you	O
're	O
ignoring	O
all	O
the	O
evidence	O
that	O
Ray	B-PERSON
Kelly	I-PERSON
's	O
explaining	O
/?	O


No	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
/.	O


because	O
that	O
evidence	O
is	O
weak	O
at	O
best	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
could	O
have	O
an	O
alternate	O
explanation	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
that	O
/.	O


The	O
fibers	O
transference	O
that	O
's	O
easy	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
is	O
/.	O


Oh	O
yeah	O
/.	O


No	O
but	O
listen	O
/.	O


if	O
the	O
theory	O
is	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
raped	O
and	O
killed	O
why	O
is	O
n't	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
's	O
DNA	O
all	O
over	O
her	O
body	O
/?	O


We	O
have	O
no	O
semen	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
rape	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
/.	O


have	O
you	O
not	O
been	O
involved	O
in	O
any	O
cases	O
where	O
there	O
were	O
rapes	O
where	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
semen	O
/?	O


eh	O
It	O
's	O
highly	O
unlikely	O
Dan	B-PERSON
/.	O


Oh	O
really	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
actually	O
going	O
to	O
claim	O
that	O
the	O
rapist	O
was	O
polite	O
and	O
used	O
a	O
condom	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
was	O
the	O
case	O
/.	O


Hold	O
on	O
/.	O


I	O
/.	O


Is	O
there	O
any	O
evidence	O
of	O
that	O
/?	O


No	O
/.	O


So	O
uh	O
at	O
worst	O
we	O
might	O
have	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
people	O
involved	O
in	O
this	O
crime	O
/.	O


But	O
we	O
have	O
no	O
evidence	O
that	O
this	O
guy	O
raped	O
her	O
/.	O


The	O
theory	O
is	O
rape	O
and	O
murder	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
I	O
know	O
/.	O
/.	O


but	O
Gail	B-PERSON
this	O
is	O
what	O
defense	O
attorneys	O
do	O
/.	O


They	O
change	O
the	O
subject	O
/.	O


they	O
start	O
saying	O
aha	O
prove	O
the	O
rape	O
prove	O
the	O
rape	O
/.	O


Exactly	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
're	O
/-	O


Even	O
the	O
prosecutors	O
are	O
suggesting	O
well	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
/.	O


we	O
have	O
alternate	O
theories	O
here	O
where	O
it	O
sounds	O
like	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
even	O
a	B-PERCENT
hundred	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
certain	O
they	O
can	O
prove	O
the	O
rape	O
/.	O


And	O
here	O
's	O
the	O
thing	O
Dan	B-PERSON
/.	O


Janna	B-PERSON
with	O
all	O
due	O
respect	O
this	O
is	O
/-	O


We	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
a	O
career	O
criminal	O
who	O
knows	O
about	O
DNA	O
who	O
knows	O
about	O
criminal	O
evidence	O
who	O
probably	O
has	O
been	O
tried	O
/-	O


But	O
not	O
a	O
career	O
rapist	O
/.	O


Well	O
rape	O
can	O
be	O
an	O
crime	O
of	O
opportunity	O
/.	O


And	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
many	O
many	O
many	O
career	O
criminals	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
rape	O
on	O
their	O
rap	O
sheet	O
until	O
they	O
have	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
rape	O
someone	O
/.	O


He	O
could	O
have	O
used	O
a	O
condom	O
/.	O


In	O
addition	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Heinz	I-PERSON
the	O
district	O
attorney	O
came	O
out	O
today	O
saying	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
only	O
twenty	B-PERCENT
per	I-PERCENT
cent	I-PERCENT
through	O
analyzing	O
the	O
physical	O
evidence	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
're	O
also	O
concerned	O
/-	O


They	O
have	O
not	O
said	O
/-	O


Wait	O
Gail	B-PERSON
/.	O


they	O
were	O
also	O
concerned	O
that	O
other	O
cases	O
which	O
they	O
think	O
that	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
might	O
be	O
linked	O
to	O
were	O
cases	O
where	O
the	O
rapist	O
uh	O
forced	O
the	O
women	O
to	O
clean	O
themselves	O
off	O
/.	O


Absolutely	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
/-	O


one	O
in	O
particular	O
/.	O


a	O
woman	O
called	O
when	O
she	O
saw	O
his	O
picture	O
on	O
the	O
television	O
/.	O


um	O
her	O
test	O
/-	O


Her	O
story	O
is	O
exactly	O
that	O
/.	O


And	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
whether	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
rapist	O
or	O
a	O
drug	O
dealer	O
or	O
whatever	O
he	O
is	O
a	O
career	O
criminal	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
's	O
also	O
a	O
smart	O
guy	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
he	O
managed	O
to	O
you	O
know	O
while	O
he	O
was	O
on	O
parole	O
work	O
as	O
a	O
security	O
guard	O
which	O
he	O
was	O
n't	O
supposed	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


Told	O
people	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
federal	O
marshal	O
/.	O


People	O
believed	O
him	O
/.	O


And	O
now	O
he	O
's	O
telling	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
that	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
do	O
this	O
when	O
he	O
absolutely	O
did	O
/.	O


And	O
what	O
's	O
more	O
important	O
Dan	B-PERSON
is	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
charged	O
with	O
first	O
degree	O
murder	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
prove	O
rape	O
to	O
prove	O
first	O
degree	O
murder	O
/.	O


um	O
First	O
degree	O
murder	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
sexual	O
assault	O
/.	O


but	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
prove	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
semen	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
prove	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
mark	O
left	O
on	O
her	O
body	O
/.	O


Not	O
according	O
to	O
this	O
indictment	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
/-	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
follow	O
this	O
indictment	O
which	O
incidentally	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
confusing	O
indictment	O
I	O
've	O
ever	O
read	O
You	O
've	O
got	O
one	B-CARDINAL
crime	O
one	B-CARDINAL
murder	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
've	O
charged	O
it	O
three	B-CARDINAL
different	O
ways	O
/.	O


Under	O
count	O
one	O
they	O
do	O
have	O
to	O
prove	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
sex	O
crime	O
and	O
under	O
three	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


What	O
I	O
mean	O
is	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
bring	O
forth	O
any	O
forensic	O
evidence	O
of	O
it	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
All	O
right	O
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
Kevin	B-PERSON
O'Donnell	I-PERSON
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
's	O
attorney	O
on	O
Rita	B-PERSON
's	O
show	O
uh	O
last	O
night	O
saying	O
that	O
his	O
client	O
took	O
the	O
subway	O
home	O
that	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
/.	O


So	O
how	O
did	O
he	O
get	O
home	O
that	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
/?	O


What	O
transportation	O
did	O
he	O
get	O
home	O
with	O
/?	O


uh	O
He	O
took	O
the	O
subway	O
/.	O


He	O
took	O
the	O
subway	O
/.	O


Yes	O
/.	O


And	O
do	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
record	O
of	O
that	O
/?	O


No	O
we	O
're	O
still	O
looking	O
into	O
that	O
/.	O


But	O
he	O
says	O
that	O
he	O
/-	O


Did	O
he	O
go	O
with	O
anybody	O
/?	O


No	O
he	O
went	O
home	O
alone	O
just	O
like	O
he	O
does	O
just	O
about	O
every	O
night	O
uh	O
when	O
he	O
leaves	O
that	O
bar	O
/-	O


All	O
right	O
but	O
I	O
've	O
only	O
got	O
a	O
little	O
time	O
left	O
/.	O


and	O
there	O
's	O
another	O
issue	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
DA	O
/-	O


There	O
's	O
been	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
question	O
about	O
uh	O
the	O
manager	O
of	O
the	O
bar	O
and	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
he	O
may	O
not	O
have	O
come	O
clean	O
about	O
what	O
he	O
knew	O
early	O
on	O
/.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
saying	O
uh	O
that	O
he	O
actually	O
misled	O
the	O
authorities	O
and	O
that	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
prosecution	O
/.	O


Well	O
it	O
seems	O
like	O
the	O
DA	O
did	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
think	O
that	O
was	O
that	O
big	O
a	O
deal	O
today	B-DATE
/.	O


Will	O
anyone	O
be	O
investigated	O
for	O
obstruction	O
of	O
justice	O
/?	O


Has	O
Danny	B-PERSON
Dorian	I-PERSON
been	O
called	O
in	O
to	O
witness	O
yet	O
/?	O


uh	O
The	O
investigation	O
uh	O
is	O
certainly	O
still	O
going	O
forward	O
/.	O


How	O
were	O
you	O
personally	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
citizens	O
of	O
this	O
city	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
relatively	O
prominent	O
who	O
told	O
cops	O
lies	O
and	O
misleaded	O
this	O
investigation	O
/?	O


Oh	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
lied	O
to	O
before	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
've	O
gotten	O
over	O
it	O
/.	O


Will	O
you	O
indict	O
him	O
though	O
/?	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
when	O
that	O
becomes	O
a	O
crime	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
should	O
all	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
this	O
business	O
/.	O


but	O
the	O
problem	O
Gail	B-PERSON
Abramson	I-PERSON
is	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
crime	O
if	O
the	O
bar	O
manager	O
lied	O
to	O
the	O
authorities	O
about	O
what	O
happened	O
led	O
them	O
on	O
a	O
wild	O
goose	O
chase	O
/.	O


um	O
You	O
're	O
allowed	O
to	O
say	O
nothing	O
/.	O


but	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
you	O
're	O
not	O
allowed	O
to	O
simply	O
tell	O
the	O
authorities	O
something	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
true	O
and	O
send	O
them	O
going	O
elsewhere	O
/.	O


Exactly	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
argue	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
things	O
/.	O


Number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
argue	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
no	O
idea	O
that	O
Darryl	B-PERSON
Littlejohn	I-PERSON
aka	O
B	O
as	O
he	O
is	O
known	O
at	O
the	O
bar	O
was	O
on	O
parole	O
and	O
was	O
not	O
allowed	O
to	O
be	O
working	O
there	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
number	O
two	B-CARDINAL
/-	O


So	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
argue	O
ignorance	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
's	O
also	O
going	O
to	O
argue	O
that	O
um	O
you	O
know	O
he	O
felt	O
threatened	O
or	O
something	O
like	O
that	O
.	O
And	O
that	O
he	O
uh	O
was	O
threatened	O
by	O
someone	O
/.	O


Remember	O
there	O
was	O
another	O
bouncer	O
that	O
they	O
called	O
Kwan	B-PERSON
that	O
never	O
showed	O
up	O
again	O
either	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


So	O
he	O
might	O
plead	O
I	O
was	O
a	O
victim	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
and	O
/-	O


D-	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
But	O
David	B-PERSON
Golden	I-PERSON
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
hard	O
argument	O
to	O
make	O
,	O
right	O
/?	O


It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
tough	O
argument	O
in	O
part	O
because	O
the	O
original	O
story	O
that	O
the	O
bar	O
manager	O
told	O
cops	O
was	O
that	O
he	O
'd	O
seen	O
Imette	B-PERSON
leave	O
alone	O
/.	O


And	O
then	O
how	O
would	O
you	O
just	O
suddenly	O
remember	O
five	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
that	O
in	O
fact	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
asked	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
to	O
escort	O
her	O
out	O
/?	O


One	B-CARDINAL
other	O
thing	O
Dan	B-PERSON
worth	O
I	O
think	O
pointing	O
out	O
real	O
quickly	O
here	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
did	O
hear	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
today	B-DATE
a	O
potential	O
alibi	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Littlejohn	B-PERSON
/.	O


That	B-PERSON
Ray	I-PERSON
Kelly	I-PERSON
indicated	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
visit	O
his	O
mother	O
that	O
day	O
/.	O


But	O
cops	O
still	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
she	O
was	O
killed	O
/.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
holes	O
still	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
/.	O


They	O
believe	O
that	O
he	O
took	O
his	O
van	O
to	O
work	O
that	O
day	O
and	O
his	O
van	O
back	O
we	O
now	O
know	O
/.	O


So	O
a	O
lot	O
still	O
to	O
be	O
answered	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
/.	O


Gail	B-PERSON
Abramstein	I-PERSON
/.	I-PERSON


Well	O
we	O
have	O
an	O
eye	O
witness	O
/-	O


I	O
got	O
to	O
wrap	O
it	O
up	O
/.	O


Gail	B-PERSON
good	O
to	O
have	O
you	O
as	O
a	O
guest	O
on	O
the	O
program	O
/.	O


uh	O
Think	O
it	O
's	O
your	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
as	O
a	O
guest	O
/.	O


Okay	O
/.	O


Appreciate	O
it	O
/.	O


Janna	B-PERSON
Spillbore	I-PERSON
and	O
Davidson	B-PERSON
Golden	I-PERSON
thanks	O
a	O
lot	O
/.	O


Thanks	O
Dan	B-PERSON
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
,	O
the	O
mother	O
of	O
the	O
fourteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
who	O
had	O
sex	O
with	O
teacher	O
Debra	B-PERSON
Lafave	I-PERSON
joins	O
us	O
for	O
her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
live	O
interview	O
/.	O


She	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
her	O
son	O
to	O
testify	O
/.	O


Now	O
she	O
is	O
furious	O
at	O
the	O
judge	O
/.	O


And	O
this	O
woman	O
back	O
home	O
with	O
her	O
family	O
/.	O


She	O
apparently	O
went	O
missing	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
when	O
she	O
was	O
fourteen	B-DATE
/.	O


It	O
turns	O
out	O
she	O
was	O
just	O
two	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
from	O
her	O
father	O
's	O
home	O
the	O
entire	O
time	O
/.	O


Your	O
emails	O
Abrams	B-WORK_OF_ART
report	I-WORK_OF_ART
at	O
MSNBC	O
dot	O
com	O
/.	O


Please	O
include	O
your	O
name	O
and	O
where	O
you	O
're	O
writing	O
from	O
/.	O


I	O
respond	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
show	O
/.	O


My	O
passion	O
was	O
teaching	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
taken	O
away	O
from	O
me	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
lost	O
family	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
've	O
lost	O
friends	O
/.	O


And	O
um	O
as	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
my	O
face	O
has	O
been	O
plastered	O
on	O
every	O
internet	O
outlet	O
every	O
news	O
outlet	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
easy	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
easy	O
feeling	O
the	O
guilt	O
and	O
the	O
remorse	O
and	O
having	O
my	O
own	O
family	O
suffer	O
from	O
my	O
actions	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
um	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
/?	O


Absolutely	O
not	O
/.	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
know	O
for	O
sure	O
/?	O


um	O
In	O
my	O
heart	O
of	O
hearts	O
I	O
definitely	O
know	O
/.	O


um	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
strong	O
Christian	B-NORP
woman	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
believe	O
that	O
God	O
has	O
a	O
path	O
for	O
me	O
/.	O


and	O
this	O
is	O
just	O
a	O
bump	O
in	O
the	O
road	O
/.	O


I	O
believe	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
through	O
therapy	O
and	O
doing	O
everything	O
that	O
I	O
can	O
possible	O
to	O
better	O
myself	O
for	O
the	O
community	O
and	O
society	O
/.	O


She	O
had	O
sex	O
with	O
her	O
fourteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
student	O
/.	O


and	O
all	O
Debra	B-PERSON
Lafave	I-PERSON
got	O
was	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
house	O
arrest	O
seven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
probation	O
after	O
entering	O
into	O
a	O
plea	O
deal	O
/.	O


Now	O
remember	O
a	O
judge	O
in	O
a	O
neighboring	O
county	O
said	O
quote	O
that	O
plea	O
deal	O
shocks	O
the	O
conscience	O
of	O
the	O
court	O
/.	O


Prosecutors	O
in	O
that	O
county	O
dropped	O
the	O
charges	O
/.	O


and	O
so	O
the	O
plea	O
deal	O
uh	O
stands	O
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
what	O
that	O
judge	O
said	O
/.	O


The	O
victim	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
young	O
child	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
now	O
sixteen	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
/.	O


The	O
effect	O
a	O
trial	O
of	O
this	O
nature	O
might	O
have	O
on	O
young	O
children	O
less	O
than	O
twelve	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
therefore	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
factor	O
/.	O


Someone	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
happy	O
with	O
this	O
opinion	O
is	O
Sally	B-PERSON
who	O
is	O
the	O
young	O
boy	O
's	O
mother	O
/.	O


She	O
joins	O
me	O
now	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
for	O
her	O
first	O
tv	O
interview	O
since	O
these	O
charges	O
were	O
dropped	O
/.	O


Thanks	O
a	O
lot	O
for	O
coming	O
on	O
the	O
program	O
/.	O


We	O
appreciate	O
it	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
welcome	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
so	O
the	O
judge	O
eh	O
seemed	O
uh	O
to	O
really	O
be	O
basically	O
saying	O
that	O
your	O
son	O
should	O
be	O
forced	O
to	O
testify	O
/.	O


Exactly	O
/.	O


And	O
on	O
one	B-CARDINAL
hand	O
he	O
basically	O
says	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
uh	O
you	O
know	O
appalled	O
that	O
a	O
teacher	O
would	O
do	O
this	O
to	O
a	O
child	O
/.	O


And	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
he	O
's	O
saying	O
that	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
under	O
twelve	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
/.	O


nobody	O
likes	O
to	O
testify	O
/.	O


even	O
referred	O
to	O
police	O
officers	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
to	O
testify	O
/.	O


so	O
um	O
basically	O
um	O
You	O
know	O
he	O
needed	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
/.	O


So	O
um	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
I	O
've	O
just	O
been	O
mostly	O
shocked	O
that	O
the	O
judge	O
really	O
did	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
consider	O
my	O
son	O
um	O
at	O
all	O
through	O
this	O
/.	O


And	O
largely	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
was	O
made	O
known	O
through	O
his	O
comments	O
and	O
his	O
order	O
that	O
he	O
issued	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
look	O
I	O
made	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
comments	O
yesterday	B-DATE
on	O
this	O
program	O
saying	O
that	O
I	O
thought	O
that	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
were	O
demanding	O
that	O
she	O
be	O
prosecuted	O
Were	O
suggesting	O
that	O
your	O
son	O
be	O
forced	O
to	O
testify	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
was	O
saying	O
that	O
the	O
same	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
usually	O
out	O
there	O
yelling	O
and	O
screaming	O
for	O
the	O
victims	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
victims	O
are	O
suddenly	O
saying	O
oh	O
you	O
know	O
well	O
We	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
have	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
the	O
victim	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
/.	O


Exactly	O
/.	O


and	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
one	O
that	O
wanted	O
her	O
to	O
serve	O
prison	O
time	O
more	O
than	O
myself	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
we	O
/-	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
was	O
our	O
original	O
plea	O
agreement	O
that	O
we	O
offered	O
to	O
them	O
um	O
/.	O


But	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
day	O
and	O
as	O
it	O
got	O
closer	O
to	O
the	O
trial	O
we	O
were	O
you	O
know	O
less	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
before	O
trial	O
,	O
that	O
uh	O
the	O
court	O
tv	O
refusing	O
to	O
um	O
/-	O


Which	O
originally	O
they	O
had	O
said	O
they	O
would	O
do	O
a	O
delay	O
and	O
they	O
would	O
shadow	O
my	O
face	O
and	O
the	O
family	O
members	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
my	O
son	O
/.	O


Well	O
without	O
a	O
delay	O
My	O
son	O
's	O
name	O
would	O
have	O
ended	O
up	O
being	O
said	O
/.	O


um	O
You	O
know	O
with	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
forty	B-CARDINAL
witnesses	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
help	O
it	O
/.	O


And	O
um	O
you	O
know	O
just	O
having	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
aired	O
live	O
and	O
being	O
debated	O
and	O
re-debated	O
every	O
statement	O
every	O
comment	O
/.	O


And	O
as	O
I	O
know	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
can	O
say	O
one	B-CARDINAL
sentence	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
many	O
times	O
taken	O
out	O
of	O
context	O
/.	O


So	O
um	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
day	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
move	O
forward	O
with	O
that	O
uh	O
to	O
forcing	O
her	O
to	O
prison	O
and	O
basically	O
having	O
my	O
son	O
re-victimized	O
/.	O


Before	O
I	O
play	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
of	O
sound	O
from	O
Debra	O
today	O
and	O
and	O
get	O
your	O
response	O
to	O
it	O
You	O
know	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
have	O
said	O
well	O
this	O
teacher	O
is	O
so	O
attractive	O
/.	O


Every	O
fourteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
this	O
would	O
be	O
his	O
dream	O
/.	O


What	O
's	O
your	O
reaction	O
to	O
that	O
/?	O


How	O
is	O
your	O
son	O
reacting	O
/?	O


um	O
eh	O
eh	O
She	O
's	O
a	O
teacher	O
/.	O


She	O
's	O
a	O
person	O
of	O
authority	O
/.	O


and	O
she	O
you	O
know	O
molested	O
my	O
child	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
unacceptable	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
her	O
attractiveness	O
or	O
lack	O
thereof	O
in	O
my	O
opinion	O
plays	O
no	O
part	O
in	O
this	O
/.	O


What	O
is	O
he	O
saying	O
about	O
it	O
now	O
/?	O


He	O
does	O
n't	O
like	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
it	O
/.	O


um	O
To	O
be	O
honest	O
with	O
you	O
he	O
is	O
doing	O
extremely	O
well	O
/.	O


um	O
He	O
uh	O
just	O
has	O
a	O
wonderful	O
circle	O
of	O
friends	O
/.	O


you	O
know	O
he	O
's	O
an	O
honor	O
student	O
/.	O


He	O
loves	O
to	O
play	O
sports	O
/.	O


um	O
He	O
is	O
extremely	O
well	O
balanced	O
/.	O


he	O
's	O
doing	O
absolutely	O
wonderful	O
/.	O


And	O
my	O
goal	O
um	O
is	O
to	O
you	O
know	O
um	O
help	O
keep	O
him	O
that	O
way	O
/.	O


Mhm	O
/.	O


How	O
did	O
you	O
find	O
out	O
about	O
this	O
/?	O


He	O
came	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
right	O
/?	O


No	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
/.	O


Actually	O
my	O
sister	O
had	O
overheard	O
uh	O
just	O
basic	O
/-	O


She	O
put	O
two	B-CARDINAL
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
together	O
heard	O
eh	O
different	O
comments	O
and	O
conversations	O
.	O
And	O
then	O
all	O
of	O
a	O
sudden	O
spotted	O
my	O
son	O
and	O
this	O
teacher	O
in	O
Ocala	B-LOC
and	O
then	O
called	O
me	O
and	O
uh	O
asked	O
if	O
I	O
knew	O
my	O
son	O
was	O
in	O
Ocala	B-LOC
which	O
um	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
normal	O
summer	O
day	O
.	O
I	O
thought	O
he	O
was	O
at	O
the	O
rec	O
center	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
place	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
always	O
been	O
/.	O


Anyway	O
um	O
I	O
confronted	O
him	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
all	O
came	O
out	O
/.	O


um	O
/-	O
Here	O
's	O
Debra	B-PERSON
Lafave	I-PERSON
on	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
/.	O


uh	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
were	O
not	O
entirely	O
satisfied	O
with	O
her	O
uh	O
public	O
statements	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
not	O
find	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
particularly	O
sympathetic	O
either	O
/.	O


But	O
here	O
's	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
more	O
of	O
what	O
she	O
said	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
your	O
reaction	O
/.	O


My	O
greatest	O
regret	O
would	O
probably	O
be	O
um	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
I	O
put	O
this	O
young	O
man	O
through	O
this	O
/.	O


um	O
I	O
mean	O
the	O
media	O
has	O
totally	O
um	O
taken	O
it	O
out	O
of	O
proportion	O
/.	O


And	O
um	O
he	O
's	O
suffering	O
even	O
more	O
so	O
by	O
the	O
media	O
's	O
actions	O
/.	O


He	O
is	O
a	O
young	O
man	O
/.	O


and	O
his	O
privacy	O
has	O
been	O
violated	O
/.	O


um	O
He	O
has	O
walked	O
outside	O
of	O
a	O
door	O
and	O
been	O
approached	O
by	O
media	O
/.	O


uh	O
His	O
picture	O
was	O
published	O
on	O
the	O
internet	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
talking	O
about	O
/.	O


Sally	B-PERSON
it	O
seems	O
that	O
your	O
son	O
now	O
has	O
a	O
great	O
defender	O
in	O
the	O
woman	O
who	O
molested	O
him	O
/.	O


Well	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
find	O
ironic	O
that	O
I	O
appreciate	O
her	O
concern	O
for	O
my	O
son	O
/.	O


But	O
instead	O
of	O
saying	O
her	O
concern	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
she	O
did	O
to	O
him	O
um	O
instead	O
She	O
's	O
you	O
know	O
always	O
blaming	O
someone	O
else	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
really	O
never	O
her	O
fault	O
from	O
what	O
I	O
've	O
seen	O
up	O
to	O
this	O
point	O
/.	O


What	O
did	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
hear	O
from	O
her	O
/?	O


um	O
You	O
know	O
I	O
'm	O
beyond	O
that	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
/.	O


I	O
have	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
uh	O
when	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
first	B-ORDINAL
happened	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
saw	O
this	O
young	O
teacher	O
/.	O


She	O
is	O
not	O
my	O
son	O
's	O
student	O
/.	O


I	O
had	O
never	O
seen	O
her	O
before	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
who	O
we	O
were	O
talking	O
about	O
until	O
the	O
day	O
she	O
was	O
arrested	O
/.	O


And	O
um	O
I	O
was	O
shocked	O
/.	O


And	O
then	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
a	O
newlywed	O
and	O
you	O
know	O
has	O
her	O
whole	O
life	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
her	O
/.	O


And	O
why	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
would	O
someone	O
do	O
what	O
she	O
did	O
to	O
my	O
son	O
and	O
also	O
you	O
know	O
throw	O
her	O
life	O
away	O
like	O
that	O
/?	O


But	O
I	O
expected	O
/-	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
thought	O
/-	O


uh	O
At	O
first	B-ORDINAL
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
her	O
and	O
have	O
her	O
explain	O
to	O
me	O
why	O
/.	O


I	O
just	O
wanted	O
to	O
understand	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
beyond	O
that	O
because	O
um	O
I	O
've	O
yet	O
to	O
see	O
any	O
remorse	O
from	O
her	O
/.	O


So	O
she	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
it	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
uh	O
She	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
blaming	O
this	O
all	O
on	O
her	O
uh	O
mental	O
conditions	O
/.	O


She	O
says	O
she	O
's	O
bipolar	O
uh	O
et	O
cetera	O
/.	O


but	O
/-	O


I	O
believe	O
she	O
does	O
have	O
mental	O
illnesses	O
um	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
/.	O


there	O
's	O
absolutely	O
no	O
doubt	O
that	O
she	O
knew	O
exactly	O
what	O
she	O
was	O
doing	O
on	O
five	B-CARDINAL
different	O
occasions	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
Sally	B-PERSON
good	O
luck	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
good	O
luck	O
to	O
your	O
son	O
/.	O


Look	O
I	O
've	O
made	O
my	O
views	O
on	O
this	O
very	O
clear	O
uh	O
that	O
uh	O
I	O
fully	O
support	O
uh	O
you	O
and	O
your	O
decision	O
to	O
say	O
look	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
this	O
anymore	O
/.	O


She	O
's	O
got	O
three	B-CARDINAL
years	O
of	O
house	O
arrest	O
/.	O


You	O
now	O
get	O
to	O
put	O
this	O
uh	O
behind	O
you	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
you	O
can	O
/.	O


so	O
I	O
wish	O
you	O
all	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
luck	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
,	O
a	O
girl	O
went	O
missing	O
when	O
she	O
was	O
only	O
fourteen	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
/.	O


Now	O
she	O
reappears	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
living	O
only	O
miles	O
away	O
from	O
her	O
father	O
's	O
home	O
/.	O


And	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-LOC
a	O
man	O
faces	O
possible	O
execution	O
for	O
converting	O
to	O
Christianity	B-NORP
in	O
violation	O
of	O
Islamic	B-NORP
law	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
take	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
law	O
in	O
this	O
horrible	O
case	O
/.	O


Our	O
continuing	O
series	O
Manhunt	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sex	I-WORK_OF_ART
Offenders	I-WORK_OF_ART
on	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Loose	I-WORK_OF_ART
missing	O
offenders	O
before	O
they	O
strike	O
/.	O


Our	O
search	O
today	O
is	O
in	O
New	B-LOC
Mexico	I-LOC
/.	O


Authorities	O
are	O
searching	O
for	O
Benny	B-PERSON
Whitehorse	I-PERSON
/.	O


He	O
's	O
thirty	B-DATE
eight	I-DATE
/.	O


He	O
is	O
five	B-QUANTITY
eleven	I-QUANTITY
one	B-QUANTITY
seventy	I-QUANTITY
two	I-QUANTITY
convicted	O
of	O
sexually	O
abusing	O
a	O
minor	O
/.	O


He	O
has	O
n't	O
registered	O
his	O
address	O
to	O
the	O
state	O
/.	O


If	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
any	O
information	O
on	O
his	O
uh	O
whereabouts	O
please	O
contact	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Mexico	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Safety	I-ORG
five	O
oh	O
five	O
eight	O
two	O
seven	O
nine	O
two	O
nine	O
seven	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
an	O
amazing	O
story	O
/.	O


A	O
fourteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
girl	O
disappears	O
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
/.	O


This	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
she	O
shows	O
up	O
/.	O


Turns	O
out	O
she	O
's	O
been	O
living	O
just	O
two	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
from	O
her	O
family	O
all	O
this	O
time	O
allegedly	O
held	O
as	O
a	O
prisoner	O
in	O
a	O
man	O
's	O
home	O
/.	O


Details	O
after	O
the	O
headlines	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
Alyssa	B-PERSON
Rayburger	I-PERSON
/.	O


and	O
here	O
's	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
/.	O


Authorities	O
say	O
the	O
wife	O
and	O
three	B-CARDINAL
young	O
daughters	O
of	O
a	O
murdered	O
Tennessee	B-LOC
minister	O
were	O
found	O
safe	O
and	O
alone	O
on	O
a	O
Thursday	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
in	O
Alabama	B-LOC
when	O
police	O
spotted	O
their	O
van	O
/.	O


The	O
popular	O
minister	O
was	O
found	O
shot	O
to	O
death	O
in	O
his	O
bedroom	O
on	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
/.	O


and	O
his	O
family	O
was	O
missing	O
/.	O


Police	O
now	O
say	O
the	O
wife	O
is	O
being	O
questioned	O
as	O
a	O
possible	O
suspect	O
/.	O


Confessed	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Qaida	I-ORG
conspirator	O
Zakary	B-PERSON
As	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Mazawi	I-PERSON
vowed	O
to	O
testify	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
defense	O
at	O
his	O
death	O
penalty	O
trial	O
whether	O
his	O
lawyers	O
liked	O
it	O
or	O
not	O
/.	O


He	O
announced	O
this	O
Thursday	B-DATE
after	O
the	O
prosecution	O
rested	O
his	O
case	O
/.	O


And	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
British	B-NORP
troops	O
stormed	O
a	O
house	O
in	O
suburban	O
Baghdad	B-LOC
and	O
freed	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Christian	B-NORP
peace	O
activists	O
held	O
nearly	O
four	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
/.	O


Officials	O
say	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
and	O
Canadian	B-NORP
hostages	O
were	O
found	O
tied	O
together	O
but	O
unguarded	O
/.	O


The	O
body	O
of	O
a	O
fourth	B-CARDINAL
colleague	O
American	B-NORP
Tom	B-PERSON
Fox	I-PERSON
was	O
found	O
dumped	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-LOC
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
/.	O


Officials	O
say	O
a	O
suspect	O
had	O
revealed	O
hours	B-TIME
earlier	I-TIME
where	O
the	O
hostages	O
were	O
being	O
held	O
/.	O


Now	O
back	O
to	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Abrams	I-WORK_OF_ART
report	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


She	O
's	O
back	O
where	O
she	O
belongs	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
all	O
that	O
matters	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
free	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
free	O
/.	O


I	O
can	O
walk	O
outside	O
the	O
door	O
anytime	O
I	O
want	O
/.	O


I	O
can	O
walk	O
down	O
the	O
street	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
think	O
anybody	O
cared	O
because	O
he	O
would	O
tell	O
me	O
your	O
case	O
is	O
dead	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
cold	O
/.	O


I	O
knew	O
right	O
away	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
I	O
seen	O
the	O
eyes	O
/.	O


And	O
to	O
me	O
she	O
has	O
n't	O
changed	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
just	O
pick	O
up	O
right	O
where	O
we	O
left	O
off	O
/.	O


Do	O
n't	O
leave	O
your	O
mom	O
and	O
dad	O
/.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
they	O
love	O
you	O
then	O
/-	O


When	O
somebody	O
tells	O
you	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
love	O
you	O
say	O
yes	O
they	O
do	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
that	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
think	O
they	O
did	O
/.	O


Well	O
we	O
never	O
stopped	O
loving	O
you	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
that	O
/.	O


My	O
dad	O
loves	O
me	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
love	O
him	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
always	O
did	O
/.	O


Girl	O
goes	O
missing	O
in	O
Pittsburgh	B-LOC
when	O
she	O
's	O
fourteen	B-DATE
/.	O


Now	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
goes	O
into	O
a	O
local	O
deli	O
mart	O
and	O
tells	O
the	O
owner	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
been	O
held	O
captive	O
for	O
the	O
last	O
ten	O
years	O
.	O
Locked	O
in	O
a	O
bedroom	O
about	O
two	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
from	O
her	O
childhood	O
home	O
and	O
only	O
recently	O
allowed	O
out	O
/.	O


Tanya	B-PERSON
Kach	I-PERSON
who	O
had	O
been	O
going	O
by	O
the	O
name	O
Nickie	B-PERSON
said	O
she	O
ran	O
away	O
from	O
home	O
in	O
eighth	B-CARDINAL
grade	O
when	O
she	O
fell	O
in	O
love	O
with	O
a	O
security	O
guard	O
in	O
her	O
middle	O
school	O
more	O
than	O
twice	O
her	O
age	O
/.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
were	O
secretly	O
quote	O
dating	O
/.	O


and	O
she	O
says	O
the	O
man	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
Hose	I-PERSON
convinced	O
her	O
that	O
she	O
should	O
come	O
live	O
with	O
him	O
at	O
his	O
house	O
/.	O


Once	O
she	O
disappeared	O
from	O
her	O
family	O
Kach	B-PERSON
says	O
Hose	B-PERSON
locked	O
her	O
in	O
a	O
bedroom	O
leaving	O
her	O
a	O
bucket	O
to	O
use	O
for	O
a	O
toilet	O
and	O
giving	O
her	O
peanut	O
butter	O
sandwiches	O
and	O
bottled	O
water	O
/.	O


Police	O
are	O
investigating	O
whether	O
some	O
of	O
Hose	B-PERSON
's	O
family	O
members	O
may	O
have	O
lived	O
in	O
the	O
house	O
unaware	O
of	O
what	O
was	O
going	O
on	O
/.	O


Joining	O
me	O
now	O
is	O
Karen	B-PERSON
Wells	I-PERSON
from	O
affiliate	O
WPXI	B-ORG
who	O
interviewed	O
Tanya	B-PERSON
Kach	I-PERSON
and	O
her	O
father	O
yesterday	B-DATE
and	O
James	B-PERSON
Eckert	I-PERSON
who	O
is	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
Hose	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
attorney	O
/.	O


um	O
Thanks	O
to	O
both	O
of	O
you	O
for	O
coming	O
on	O
the	O
program	O
/.	O


I	O
appreciate	O
it	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
before	O
I	O
get	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Eckert	B-PERSON
uh	O
Karen	B-PERSON
if	O
you	O
can	O
lay	O
out	O
the	O
story	O
for	O
us	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
spoke	O
to	O
her	O
/.	O


You	O
spoke	O
to	O
her	O
father	O
/.	O


um	O
You	O
know	O
she	O
's	O
saying	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
perfectly	O
clear	O
what	O
happened	O
that	O
she	O
goes	O
home	O
with	O
this	O
guy	O
at	O
age	O
fourteen	B-DATE
and	O
then	O
he	O
effectively	O
locks	O
her	O
in	O
the	O
home	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
she	O
says	O
/.	O


She	O
says	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
feel	O
like	O
she	O
was	O
loved	O
at	O
home	O
/.	O


Her	O
parents	O
were	O
going	O
through	O
a	O
divorce	O
/.	O


And	O
um	O
she	O
said	O
this	O
man	O
told	O
her	O
he	O
would	O
love	O
her	O
and	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
her	O
/.	O


And	O
she	O
says	O
for	O
the	O
next	O
four	O
years	O
she	O
was	O
locked	O
in	O
a	O
bedroom	O
/.	O


So	O
why	O
did	O
it	O
take	O
her	O
so	O
long	O
to	O
come	O
forward	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
tried	O
to	O
press	O
her	O
on	O
that	O
/.	O


and	O
she	O
said	O
that	O
um	O
she	O
feels	O
she	O
was	O
brainwashed	O
/.	O


um	O
She	O
felt	O
/-	O


He	O
threatened	O
her	O
she	O
said	O
/.	O


He	O
threatened	O
to	O
kill	O
her	O
if	O
she	O
tried	O
to	O
leave	O
/.	O


uh	O
He	O
said	O
her	O
case	O
was	O
a	O
cold	O
case	O
/.	O


Nobody	O
cared	O
about	O
her	O
anymore	O
/.	O


um	O
So	O
she	O
just	O
felt	O
like	O
she	O
had	O
no	O
other	O
choice	O
but	O
to	O
stay	O
there	O
/.	O


I	O
asked	O
her	O
if	O
she	O
was	O
physically	O
or	O
sexually	O
abused	O
/.	O


She	O
said	O
no	O
/.	O


uh	O
She	O
said	O
he	O
did	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
her	O
/.	O


He	O
bought	O
her	O
things	O
/.	O


um	O
If	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
video	O
of	O
her	O
you	O
know	O
she	O
has	O
her	O
nails	O
done	O
/.	O


her	O
hair	O
's	O
done	O
/.	O


She	O
had	O
nice	O
clothing	O
on	O
/.	O


so	O
um	O
certainly	O
not	O
someone	O
you	O
would	O
think	O
was	O
locked	O
in	O
a	O
bedroom	O
for	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
years	O
/.	O


But	O
let	O
's	O
be	O
clear	O
about	O
something	O
/.	O


You	O
said	O
she	O
was	O
n't	O
sexually	O
abused	O
/.	O


But	O
she	O
does	O
say	O
she	O
had	O
sex	O
with	O
him	O
when	O
she	O
was	O
a	O
child	O
,	O
right	O
/?	O


Yes	O
and	O
under	O
the	O
law	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
crime	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
not	O
allowed	O
to	O
have	O
sex	O
with	O
a	O
person	O
who	O
's	O
fourteen	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
/.	O


um	O
When	O
she	O
says	O
sexually	O
abused	O
I	O
guess	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
consider	O
it	O
rape	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
/.	O


Okay	O
/.	O


uh	O
I	O
just	O
wanted	O
to	O
be	O
clear	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
having	O
sex	O
with	O
a	O
fourteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
girl	O
you	O
know	O
uh	O
that	O
's	O
against	O
the	O
law	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
against	O
the	O
law	O
/.	O


uh	O
James	B-PERSON
Eckert	I-PERSON
um	O
let	O
's	O
go	O
though	O
this	O
/.	O


uh	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
your	O
position	O
is	O
that	O
uh	O
this	O
woman	O
was	O
not	O
forced	O
uh	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
/.	O


Did	O
she	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
house	O
since	O
she	O
was	O
fourteen	B-DATE
/?	O


Dan	O
you	O
know	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
I	O
do	O
/-	O


and	O
I	O
respect	O
you	O
for	O
that	O
question	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
'm	O
certainly	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
facts	O
like	O
that	O
as	O
to	O
whether	O
she	O
lived	O
there	O
or	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
live	O
there	O
/.	O


you	O
know	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
I	O
do	O
there	O
's	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
to	O
every	O
story	O
/.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
side	O
you	O
hear	O
from	O
what	O
you	O
just	O
heard	O
and	O
her	O
/.	O


Well	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
you	O
're	O
on	O
the	O
show	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
appreciate	O
that	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
there	O
's	O
another	O
side	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
side	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
involved	O
in	O
any	O
crime	O
in	O
his	O
lifetime	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
almost	O
fifty	B-DATE
/.	O


He	O
's	O
always	O
worked	O
/.	O


His	O
entire	O
life	O
he	O
's	O
worked	O
/.	O


He	O
worked	O
as	O
security	O
guard	O
for	O
the	O
last	O
twelve	B-CARDINAL
years	O
Never	O
had	O
any	O
no	O
problems	O
whatsoever	O
/.	O


He	O
lives	O
with	O
his	O
mother	O
and	O
dad	O
and	O
his	O
son	O
a	O
twenty	B-DATE
one	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
/.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
/-	O


did	O
/-	O


And	O
he	O
's	O
out	O
on	O
bond	O
now	O
/.	O


or	O
he	O
will	O
be	O
out	O
on	O
bond	O
with	O
a	O
two	B-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
bond	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
about	O
it	O
/.	O


So	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
say	O
whether	O
he	O
had	O
sex	O
with	O
her	O
when	O
she	O
was	O
fourteen	B-DATE
/?	O


Dan	B-PERSON
you	O
know	O
very	O
well	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
say	O
he	O
had	O
sex	O
with	O
a	O
fourteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
when	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
preliminary	O
hearing	O
coming	O
up	O
and	O
a	O
trial	O
coming	O
up	O
/.	O


I	O
thought	O
you	O
might	O
deny	O
it	O
/.	O


I	O
beg	O
your	O
pardon	O
/?	O


I	O
thought	O
you	O
might	O
deny	O
it	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
expect	O
you	O
to	O
say	O
he	O
did	O
/.	O


No	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
say	O
he	O
did	O
/.	O


nor	O
will	O
I	O
say	O
he	O
even	O
had	O
sex	O
with	O
her	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
Dan	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
that	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
that	O
at	O
all	O
/.	O


um	O
Will	O
you	O
say	O
anything	O
about	O
how	O
he	O
knew	O
her	O
/?	O


No	O
uh	O
the	O
only	O
thing	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
appear	O
to	O
me	O
that	O
at	O
no	O
time	O
whatsoever	O
was	O
she	O
a	O
prisoner	O
/.	O


If	O
she	O
had	O
been	O
a	O
prisoner	O
in	O
any	O
way	O
shape	O
or	O
form	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
the	O
Allegheny	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
police	O
would	O
have	O
charged	O
him	O
with	O
those	O
charges	O
/.	O


He	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
charged	O
with	O
anything	O
like	O
that	O
/.	O


The	O
only	O
charges	O
against	O
him	O
were	O
four	O
counts	O
of	O
uh	O
sexual	O
situations	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
frankly	O
from	O
the	O
time	O
she	O
was	O
eighteen	B-DATE
that	O
's	O
an	O
adult	O
in	O
this	O
state	O
of	O
Pennsylvania	B-LOC
she	O
could	O
have	O
walked	O
away	O
done	O
anything	O
she	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


She	O
did	O
go	O
out	O
/.	O


She	O
did	O
/-	O


You	O
saw	O
how	O
she	O
looked	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
she	O
was	O
never	O
a	O
prisoner	O
in	O
any	O
way	O
shape	O
or	O
form	O
/.	O


She	O
could	O
have	O
four	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
done	O
whatever	O
she	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


Suddenly	O
this	O
wonderful	O
story	O
of	O
hers	O
comes	O
out	O
which	O
I	O
assume	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
into	O
a	O
book	O
someday	O
/.	O


you	O
know	O
but	O
you	O
're	O
sort	O
of	O
mocking	O
her	O
/.	O


but	O
yet	O
if	O
he	O
was	O
having	O
sex	O
with	O
her	O
from	O
the	O
time	O
she	O
was	O
fourteen	B-DATE
you	O
know	O
there	O
is	O
something	O
about	O
that	O
where	O
you	O
could	O
say	O
that	O
he	O
really	O
messed	O
this	O
girl	O
up	O
/.	O


Well	O
if	O
I	O
said	O
with	O
you	O
Dan	B-PERSON
that	O
he	O
did	O
have	O
sex	O
with	O
her	O
that	O
's	O
true	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
saying	O
that	O
/.	O


nor	O
would	O
I	O
say	O
that	O
/.	O


Right	O
no	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
/-	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
if	O
you	O
were	O
representing	O
him	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
saying	O
it	O
either	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
/.	O


Well	O
but	O
you	O
are	O
sort	O
of	O
attacking	O
her	O
by	O
saying	O
if	O
she	O
wanted	O
to	O
go	O
she	O
could	O
have	O
gone	O
and	O
this	O
and	O
that	O
and	O
she	O
looked	O
/-	O


And	O
then	O
you	O
're	O
saying	O
well	O
but	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
whether	O
he	O
ruined	O
her	O
life	O
before	O
that	O
/.	O


I	O
said	O
certainly	O
if	O
any	O
part	O
of	O
this	O
were	O
true	O
from	O
the	O
time	O
she	O
was	O
eighteen	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
until	O
the	O
time	O
she	O
was	O
twenty	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
/.	O


Now	O
she	O
looks	O
very	O
mature	O
for	O
her	O
age	O
as	O
you	O
just	O
saw	O
and	O
heard	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
no	O
question	O
in	O
my	O
mind	O
she	O
could	O
have	O
done	O
anything	O
she	O
wanted	O
/.	O


As	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
fact	O
this	O
relationship	O
she	O
suddenly	O
has	O
with	O
her	O
father	O
/-	O


She	O
left	O
him	O
on	O
several	O
occasions	O
and	O
ran	O
away	O
from	O
him	O
from	O
what	O
I	O
understand	O
/.	O


She	O
was	O
fourteen	B-DATE
/.	O


But	O
I	O
'm	O
saying	O
she	O
ran	O
away	O
from	O
him	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
understand	O
/.	O


Where	O
she	O
ran	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
/.	O


I	O
only	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
hear	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


eh	O
Karen	B-PERSON
Wells	I-PERSON
um	O
what	O
is	O
her	O
posi-	O
/-	O


Is	O
she	O
basically	O
saying	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
brainwashed	O
/.	O


or	O
is	O
she	O
saying	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
/?	O


No	O
she	O
's	O
basically	O
saying	O
she	O
was	O
brainwashed	O
/.	O


and	O
her	O
father	O
feels	O
she	O
was	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


um	O
/.	O


How	O
did	O
she	O
come	O
to	O
then	O
/?	O


But	O
how	O
did	O
she	O
come	O
to	O
uh	O
just	O
recently	O
/?	O


Well	O
she	O
explains	O
it	O
as	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
ten	O
months	O
she	O
had	O
some	O
more	O
freedom	O
to	O
go	O
out	O
/.	O


She	O
started	O
going	O
out	O
/.	O


She	O
volunteered	O
at	O
a	O
church	O
/.	O


uh	O
She	O
was	O
wearing	O
a	O
purple	O
ribbon	O
/.	O


I	O
asked	O
her	O
what	O
that	O
was	O
about	O
/.	O


She	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
for	O
Lent	B-EVENT
/.	O


So	O
she	O
was	O
out	O
and	O
about	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
/.	O


and	O
she	O
started	O
making	O
friends	O
especially	O
a	O
man	O
at	O
um	O
a	O
deli	O
/.	O


And	O
people	O
kept	O
questioning	O
her	O
/.	O


How	O
come	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
driver	O
's	O
license	O
/?	O


How	O
come	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
graduate	O
from	O
high	O
school	O
/?	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
work	O
/.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
job	O
/.	O


And	O
she	O
could	O
n't	O
really	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
right	O
answers	O
/.	O


And	O
then	O
She	O
says	O
finally	O
she	O
broke	O
down	O
and	O
told	O
this	O
man	O
at	O
the	O
deli	O
everything	O
because	O
she	O
just	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
answers	O
for	O
these	O
questions	O
anymore	O
/.	O


And	O
she	O
felt	O
that	O
she	O
had	O
people	O
she	O
could	O
trust	O
and	O
that	O
she	O
could	O
turn	O
to	O
/.	O


She	O
said	O
her	O
biggest	O
fear	O
was	O
that	O
if	O
she	O
tried	O
to	O
escape	O
or	O
if	O
she	O
told	O
people	O
they	O
would	O
n't	O
believe	O
her	O
and	O
she	O
'd	O
be	O
out	O
on	O
the	O
street	O
/.	O


She	O
'd	O
be	O
living	O
on	O
the	O
street	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


And	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
that	O
/.	O


Well	O
no	O
question	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
unanswered	O
questions	O
here	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
we	O
'll	O
follow	O
this	O
to	O
try	O
and	O
help	O
get	O
some	O
of	O
those	O
answered	O
/.	O


Karen	B-PERSON
Wells	I-PERSON
and	O
James	B-PERSON
Eckert	I-PERSON
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
coming	O
to	O
the	O
program	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
Dan	B-PERSON
/.	O


Have	O
a	O
good	O
night	O
/.	O


Appreciate	O
it	O
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
,	O
a	O
man	O
faces	O
a	O
death	O
sentence	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
after	O
he	O
admits	O
he	O
's	O
converted	O
to	O
Christianity	B-NORP
/.	O


And	O
lawyers	O
say	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
he	O
can	O
escape	O
execution	O
under	O
Islamic	B-NORP
law	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
declared	O
mentally	O
incompetent	O
/?	O


And	O
later	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
Vice	O
President	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
's	O
must	O
-	O
haves	O
for	O
when	O
he	O
's	O
staying	O
in	O
a	O
hotel	O
/.	O


I	O
'll	O
compare	O
them	O
to	O
mine	O
/.	O


Your	O
emails	O
Abrams	B-PERSON
report	O
at	O
msnbc	O
dot	O
com	O
/.	O


Please	O
include	O
your	O
name	O
and	O
where	O
you	O
're	O
writing	O
from	O
/.	O


I	O
respond	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
show	O
/.	O


This	O
next	O
story	O
may	O
make	O
you	O
wonder	O
which	O
century	O
you	O
're	O
living	O
in	O
/.	O


An	O
Afghan	B-NORP
court	O
could	O
order	O
this	O
man	O
executed	O
for	O
converting	O
to	O
Christianity	B-NORP
/.	O


Abdul	B-PERSON
Rahman	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
became	O
a	O
Christian	B-NORP
fifteen	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
and	O
was	O
living	O
in	O
Germany	B-LOC
before	O
going	O
back	O
to	O
Afghanistan	B-LOC
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
in	O
part	O
to	O
try	O
and	O
get	O
custody	O
of	O
his	O
two	B-CARDINAL
daughters	O
/.	O


Apparently	O
he	O
was	O
arrested	O
when	O
police	O
found	O
him	O
with	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
Bible	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
not	O
happy	O
about	O
this	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
deeply	O
troubling	O
that	O
a	O
country	O
we	O
helped	O
liberate	O
Would	O
hold	O
a	O
person	O
to	O
account	O
because	O
they	O
chose	O
a	O
particular	O
religion	O
over	O
another	O
/.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
capital	O
of	O
Kabul	B-LOC
it	O
's	O
Islamic	B-NORP
values	O
that	O
count	O
/.	O


And	O
under	O
some	O
interpretations	O
of	O
Islamic	B-NORP
law	O
apparently	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
sentenced	O
to	O
death	O
for	O
switching	O
religions	O
/.	O


Now	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
hinting	O
that	O
Rahman	B-PERSON
might	O
be	O
mentally	O
ill	O
and	O
unfit	O
to	O
stand	O
trial	O
/.	O


But	O
this	O
Islamic	B-NORP
cleric	O
Abdul	B-PERSON
Ruf	I-PERSON
is	O
n't	O
impressed	O
/.	O


He	O
told	O
the	O
government	O
quote	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
mad	O
/.	O


The	O
government	O
are	O
playing	O
games	O
/.	O


The	O
people	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
fooled	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
humiliating	O
for	O
Islam	B-GPE
/.	O


Cut	O
off	O
his	O
head	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
's	O
considered	O
a	O
moderate	O
/.	O


The	O
Taliban	B-ORG
jailed	O
him	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
for	O
criticizing	O
their	O
policies	O
/.	O


Alex	B-PERSON
Thier	I-PERSON
is	O
Senior	O
Rule	O
of	O
Law	O
Advisor	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
States	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Peace	I-ORG
from	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
to	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
/.	O


He	O
helped	O
uh	O
develop	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
's	O
constitution	O
and	O
judicial	O
system	O
/.	O


Thanks	O
a	O
lot	O
for	O
coming	O
on	O
the	O
program	O
/.	O


Appreciate	O
it	O
/.	O


My	O
pleasure	O
/.	O


uh	O
If	O
you	O
can	O
explain	O
this	O
to	O
us	O
/.	O


Well	O
Dan	B-PERSON
there	O
's	O
really	O
two	B-CARDINAL
things	O
at	O
play	O
/.	O


In	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
there	O
is	O
a	O
power	O
struggle	O
going	O
on	O
between	O
those	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
country	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
community	O
of	O
nations	O
and	O
make	O
it	O
modern	O
and	O
democratic	B-NORP
country	O
and	O
the	O
Islamic	B-NORP
conservatives	O
who	O
have	O
really	O
run	O
the	O
country	O
uh	O
for	O
the	O
last	O
decade	O
/.	O


Even	O
before	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
there	O
was	O
also	O
an	O
Islamic	O
government	O
/.	O


and	O
many	O
of	O
those	O
same	O
people	O
are	O
back	O
in	O
power	O
/.	O


And	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
really	O
represents	O
something	O
that	O
's	O
happening	O
in	O
the	O
broader	O
Islamic	B-NORP
world	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
tension	O
between	O
democratic	B-NORP
values	O
on	O
one	B-CARDINAL
hand	O
and	O
Islamic	B-NORP
values	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
because	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
constitution	O
article	B-LAW
two	I-LAW
point	I-LAW
two	I-LAW
says	O
followers	O
of	O
other	O
religions	O
are	O
free	O
to	O
exercise	O
their	O
faith	O
and	O
perform	O
their	O
religious	O
rights	O
within	O
the	O
limits	O
of	O
the	O
provisions	O
of	O
law	O
/.	O


Seems	O
pretty	O
straightforward	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
/.	O


uh	O
And	O
article	B-LAW
seven	I-LAW
of	O
the	O
constitution	O
also	O
cites	O
the	B-LAW
universal	I-LAW
declaration	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
human	I-LAW
rights	I-LAW
which	O
specifically	O
says	O
that	O
people	O
should	O
have	O
freedom	O
to	O
choose	O
their	O
own	O
religion	O
/.	O


let	O
me	O
read	O
that	O
/.	O


The	O
state	O
shall	O
abide	O
by	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
charter	O
international	O
treaties	O
international	O
conventions	O
that	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
has	O
signed	O
and	O
the	O
universal	O
declaration	O
of	O
human	O
rights	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
exactly	O
right	O
/.	O


But	O
there	O
are	O
contradictions	O
within	O
this	O
constitution	O
/.	O


Article	B-LAW
three	I-LAW
of	O
the	O
constitution	O
says	O
that	O
no	O
law	O
shall	O
eh	O
contradict	O
the	O
beliefs	O
or	O
provisions	O
of	O
Islam	B-NORP
/.	O


And	O
article	B-LAW
one	I-LAW
thirty	I-LAW
of	O
the	O
constitution	O
says	O
that	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
not	O
something	O
specific	O
in	O
Afghan	B-NORP
law	O
that	O
speaks	O
to	O
a	O
certain	O
situation	O
then	O
judges	O
should	O
use	O
their	O
interpretation	O
of	O
Islamic	B-NORP
law	O
/.	O


In	O
this	O
case	O
there	O
is	O
nothing	O
in	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
criminal	O
code	O
which	O
actually	O
talks	O
about	O
the	O
crime	O
of	O
apostasy	O
or	O
changing	O
one	O
's	O
religion	O
/.	O


Well	O
let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
about	O
/-	O


I	O
mean	O
since	O
you	O
were	O
involved	O
in	O
helping	O
them	O
create	O
their	O
constitution	O
and	O
their	O
law	O
when	O
you	O
were	O
helping	O
them	O
do	O
that	O
did	O
you	O
foresee	O
something	O
like	O
this	O
maybe	O
happening	O
/?	O


We	O
absolutely	O
did	O
/.	O


uh	O
and	O
there	O
were	O
several	O
of	O
us	O
who	O
really	O
advised	O
strongly	O
both	O
uh	O
to	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
government	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
drafting	O
the	O
constitution	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
our	O
own	O
government	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
some	O
very	O
potentially	O
dangerous	O
contradictions	O
within	O
the	O
constitution	O
/.	O


um	O
This	O
was	O
ultimately	O
a	O
document	O
that	O
was	O
agreed	O
upon	O
That	O
was	O
drafted	O
by	O
the	O
Afghans	B-NORP
and	O
agreed	O
upon	O
by	O
the	O
Afghans	B-NORP
/.	O


And	O
in	O
the	O
final	O
negotiations	O
they	O
actually	O
made	O
the	O
document	O
even	O
more	O
Islamic	B-NORP
and	O
made	O
the	O
judiciary	O
even	O
more	O
powerful	O
um	O
than	O
what	O
the	O
original	O
draft	O
has	O
done	O
/.	O


So	O
we	O
did	O
foresee	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
problems	O
/.	O


here	O
's	O
the	O
president	O
talking	O
about	O
how	O
he	O
hopes	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
this	O
/.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
this	O
and	O
then	O
ask	O
you	O
if	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
achieve	O
this	O
/.	O


We	O
can	O
solve	O
this	O
problem	O
by	O
working	O
closely	O
with	O
the	O
government	O
that	O
uh	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
contacts	O
with	O
and	O
will	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
issue	O
diplomatically	O
and	O
remind	O
people	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
something	O
as	O
universal	O
as	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
choose	O
religions	O
/.	O


It	O
is	O
hard	O
to	O
believe	O
right	O
uh	O
as	O
outsiders	O
uh	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
uh	O
has	O
been	O
liberated	O
by	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
uh	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
still	O
many	O
US	B-GPE
troops	O
there	O
fighting	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
et	O
cetera	O
and	O
somehow	O
uh	O
we	O
now	O
have	O
to	O
negotiate	O
the	O
right	O
of	O
citizens	O
there	O
to	O
practice	O
Christianity	B-NORP
/.	O


You	O
're	O
right	O
Dan	B-PERSON
/.	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
travesty	O
um	O
that	O
something	O
like	O
this	O
could	O
happen	O
anywhere	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
it	O
really	O
contains	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
lesson	O
for	O
us	O
in	O
that	O
we	O
really	O
need	O
to	O
pay	O
close	O
attention	O
not	O
to	O
just	O
broad	O
questions	O
like	O
elections	O
but	O
specifically	O
the	O
law	O
in	O
countries	O
like	O
this	O
/.	O


We	O
could	O
have	O
worked	O
over	O
the	O
last	O
four	B-CARDINAL
years	O
I	O
believe	O
much	O
harder	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
had	O
a	O
competent	O
non-ideological	O
and	O
non-political	O
judiciary	O
/.	O


um	O
And	O
we	O
're	O
really	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
work	O
very	O
closely	O
with	O
the	O
Afghans	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
future	O
to	O
help	O
them	O
improve	O
their	O
judicial	O
system	O
/.	O


Is	O
it	O
going	O
to	O
work	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
is	O
the	O
President	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
this	O
diplomatically	O
as	O
he	O
says	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
people	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
contacts	O
with	O
and	O
resolve	O
this	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
sounds	O
like	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
is	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
declare	O
this	O
guy	O
mentally	O
ill	O
/.	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
really	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
way	O
out	O
of	O
this	O
/.	O


They	O
have	O
come	O
under	O
a	O
tremendous	O
amount	O
of	O
pressure	O
/.	O


and	O
obviously	O
when	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	O
Rice	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
President	O
weigh	O
in	O
uh	O
this	O
is	O
of	O
uh	O
uh	O
extreme	O
importance	O
at	O
the	O
highest	O
levels	O
/.	O


And	O
so	O
I	O
have	O
little	O
doubt	O
that	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
government	O
will	O
find	O
some	O
way	O
to	O
wiggle	O
out	O
of	O
this	O
either	O
by	O
declaring	O
him	O
insane	O
or	O
perhaps	O
quietly	O
letting	O
him	O
slip	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
to	O
seek	O
asylum	O
elsewhere	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
/.	O


Alex	B-PERSON
Thier	I-PERSON
thanks	O
a	O
lot	O
for	O
coming	O
on	O
the	O
program	O
/.	O


Appreciate	O
it	O
/.	O


My	O
pleasure	O
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
,	O
I	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
only	O
rock	O
stars	O
who	O
have	O
particular	O
demands	O
when	O
they	O
travel	O
/.	O


But	O
Vice	O
President	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
/?	O


My	O
closing	O
arguments	O
/.	O


And	O
later	O
no	O
surprise	O
here	O
lots	O
of	O
emails	O
on	O
the	O
Debra	B-PERSON
Lafave	I-PERSON
case	O
and	O
whether	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
double	O
standard	O
when	O
prosecuting	O
female	O
teachers	O
who	O
have	O
sex	O
with	O
young	O
boys	O
/.	O


Our	O
continuing	O
series	O
Manhunt	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sex	I-WORK_OF_ART
Offenders	I-WORK_OF_ART
on	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Loose	I-WORK_OF_ART
our	O
effort	O
to	O
find	O
missing	O
offenders	O
before	O
they	O
strike	O
/.	O


Our	O
search	O
is	O
in	O
New	B-LOC
Mexico	I-LOC
/.	O


Authorities	O
looking	O
for	O
Jason	B-PERSON
Huser	I-PERSON
/.	O


He	O
's	O
twenty	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
six	B-QUANTITY
four	I-QUANTITY
one	B-QUANTITY
sixty	I-QUANTITY
five	I-QUANTITY
Was	O
convicted	O
of	O
sexually	O
exploiting	O
children	O
/.	O


He	O
has	O
not	O
registered	O
his	O
address	O
with	O
the	O
state	O
/.	O


If	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
any	O
information	O
on	O
his	O
whereabouts	O
please	O
contact	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Mexico	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Safety	I-ORG
five	O
oh	O
five	O
eight	O
two	O
seven	O
nine	O
two	O
nine	O
seven	O
/.	O


My	O
closing	O
argument	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
here	O
in	O
Chicago	B-LOC
/.	O


When	O
I	O
travel	O
,	O
if	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
get	O
up	O
early	O
I	O
want	O
a	O
hotel	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
airport	O
preferably	O
a	O
nice	O
one	O
/.	O


I	O
need	O
to	O
know	O
where	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
when	O
I	O
get	O
here	O
/.	O


and	O
hopefully	O
I	O
get	O
a	O
ride	O
/.	O


When	O
I	O
hear	O
about	O
people	O
making	O
specific	O
demands	O
what	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
a	O
hotel	O
room	O
I	O
think	O
pampered	O
rock	O
stars	O
who	O
only	O
eat	O
a	O
particular	O
color	O
M	O
and	O
M	O
or	O
certain	O
divas	O
who	O
require	O
a	O
particular	O
type	O
of	O
flower	O
in	O
their	O
suite	O
/.	O


But	O
Vice	O
President	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
/?	O


The	O
web	O
site	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Smoking	I-WORK_OF_ART
Gun	I-WORK_OF_ART
obtained	O
the	O
items	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
requires	O
and	O
required	O
is	O
underlined	O
for	O
his	O
quote	O
downtime	O
/.	O


It	O
lists	O
what	O
must	O
be	O
in	O
his	O
hotel	O
rooms	O
when	O
he	O
's	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
Everything	O
from	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
bread	O
to	O
the	O
brand	O
of	O
soda	O
/.	O


The	O
lights	O
must	O
be	O
turned	O
on	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
room	O
must	O
be	O
sixty	B-QUANTITY
eight	I-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
/.	O


Okay	O
fair	O
enough	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
wonder	O
/.	O


someone	O
comes	O
in	O
and	O
looks	O
at	O
the	O
thermostat	O
to	O
check	O
and	O
then	O
goes	O
down	O
and	O
says	O
to	O
the	O
manager	O
we	O
said	O
sixty	B-QUANTITY
eight	I-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
/.	O


Then	O
he	O
wants	O
brewed	O
decaf	O
coffee	O
/.	O


And	O
just	O
so	O
he	O
does	O
not	O
succomb	O
to	O
his	O
innate	O
desire	O
to	O
watch	O
the	O
program	O
about	O
justice	O
all	O
the	O
televisions	O
must	O
be	O
tuned	O
to	O
the	O
home	O
team	O
Fox	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
/.	O


Horrors	O
to	O
think	O
he	O
might	O
encounter	O
other	O
networks	O
while	O
flipping	O
the	O
channels	O
himself	O
on	O
his	O
way	O
over	O
/.	O


Ca	O
n't	O
have	O
that	O
/.	O


For	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
demands	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
bit	O
surprising	O
they	O
even	O
had	O
to	O
ask	O
/.	O


A	O
private	O
bathroom	O
/.	O


Can	O
you	O
imagine	O
/?	O


Welcome	O
Vice	O
President	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
/.	O


We	O
have	O
you	O
in	O
a	O
lovely	O
room	O
today	O
/.	O


You	O
'll	O
be	O
sharing	O
a	O
bathroom	O
with	O
Steve	B-PERSON
Robbins	I-PERSON
in	O
two	O
oh	O
two	O
and	O
a	O
lovely	O
couple	O
in	O
two	O
oh	O
three	O
/.	O


Please	O
have	O
the	B-ORG
Secret	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
wait	O
outside	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
add	O
if	O
the	O
hotel	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
put	O
a	O
gift	O
in	O
the	O
suite	O
let	O
the	O
advance	O
team	O
know	O
/.	O


Might	O
want	O
to	O
let	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
know	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
got	O
me	O
thinking	O
I	O
should	O
make	O
some	O
demands	O
of	O
my	O
own	O
/.	O


From	O
now	O
on	O
whenever	O
I	O
travel	O
I	O
want	O
a	O
bottle	O
of	O
wine	O
waiting	O
not	O
just	O
any	O
wine	O
but	O
fine	O
wine	O
/.	O


I	O
want	O
the	O
tv	O
tuned	O
to	O
msnbc	B-ORG
/.	O


I	O
want	O
extra	O
pillows	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
really	O
soft	O
beds	O
/.	O


And	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
there	O
well	O
then	O
well	O
well	O
I	O
guess	O
I	O
'll	O
just	O
take	O
the	O
private	O
bathroom	O
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
your	O
emails	O
on	O
Debra	B-PERSON
Lafave	I-PERSON
/.	O


Again	O
all	O
these	O
guys	O
writing	O
in	O
oh	O
I	O
wish	O
I	O
had	O
a	O
teacher	O
like	O
her	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
fourteen	B-DATE
/.	O


Stay	O
with	O
us	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
had	O
my	O
say	O
/.	O


Now	O
it	O
's	O
time	O
for	O
your	O
rebuttal	O
/.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
you	O
still	O
writing	O
in	O
about	O
former	O
school	O
teacher	O
Debra	B-PERSON
Lafave	I-PERSON
who	O
had	O
sex	O
with	O
her	O
fourteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
student	O
who	O
wo	O
n't	O
serve	O
any	O
time	O
in	O
jail	O
/.	O


We	O
asked	O
would	O
a	O
male	O
teacher	O
accused	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
crimes	O
be	O
spared	O
prison	O
time	O
/.	O


and	O
should	O
there	O
be	O
a	O
double	O
standard	O
/?	O


from	O
Vermont	B-LOC
Christine	B-PERSON
McGuinness	I-PERSON
/.	O


Shallow	O
men	O
like	O
my	O
own	O
husband	O
have	O
made	O
comments	O
regarding	O
her	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
the	O
ones	O
how	O
they	O
wish	O
she	O
had	O
been	O
their	O
teacher	O
et	O
cetera	O
how	O
hot	O
she	O
is	O
yada	O
yada	O
/.	O


shallow	O
/.	O


At	O
least	O
you	O
are	O
n't	O
like	O
them	O
/.	O


Thanks	O
for	O
that	O
Dan	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
/.	O


I	O
know	O
my	O
producers	O
are	O
probably	O
like	O
ah	O
uh	O
/.	O


San	B-LOC
Francisco	I-LOC
Jonathan	B-PERSON
Rasmussen	I-PERSON
/.	O


The	O
double	O
standard	O
is	O
not	O
between	O
male	O
and	O
female	O
but	O
between	O
real	O
rape	O
non-consensual	O
and	O
statutory	O
rape	O
consensual	O
/.	O


And	O
Christopher	B-PERSON
Frank	I-PERSON
writes	O
from	O
New	B-LOC
York	I-LOC
about	O
a	O
West	B-GPE
Virginia	I-GPE
teacher	O
Toni	O
Woods	O
who	O
was	O
sentenced	O
to	O
four	O
to	O
twenty	O
for	O
having	O
sex	O
with	O
four	O
boys	O
under	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
sixteen	O
/.	O


The	O
ugly	O
female	O
teachers	O
who	O
slept	O
with	O
her	O
students	O
get	O
four	B-CARDINAL
to	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
years	O
/.	O


The	O
pretty	O
ones	O
get	O
home	O
confinement	O
and	O
probation	O
/.	O


Your	O
guests	O
were	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
double	O
standard	O
between	O
male	O
and	O
female	O
sex	O
offenders	O
/.	O


They	O
should	O
be	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
double	O
standard	O
within	O
the	O
sexes	O
/.	O


Well	O
Christopher	B-PERSON
there	O
's	O
also	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
four	B-CARDINAL
victims	O
versus	O
one	B-CARDINAL
/.	O


Might	O
have	O
had	O
something	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
it	O
/.	O


Abrams	B-WORK_OF_ART
report	I-WORK_OF_ART
at	O
msnbc	O
dot	O
com	O
/.	O


Up	O
next	O
First	B-WORK_OF_ART
Look	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Faith	O
on	O
trial	O
/.	O


US	B-GPE
officials	O
step	O
up	O
pressure	O
to	O
free	O
an	O
Afghan	B-NORP
man	O
condemned	O
for	O
converting	O
to	O
Christianity	B-NORP
/.	O


That	O
is	O
just	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
stories	O
we	O
are	O
/-	O


The	O
move	O
comes	O
a	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
hold	O
confirmation	O
hearings	O
on	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
nominee	O
John	B-PERSON
Roberts	I-PERSON
/.	O


Senator	O
Chris	B-PERSON
Dodd	I-PERSON
of	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
was	O
among	O
those	O
Democrats	B-NORP
who	O
spoke	O
out	O
against	O
Bolton	B-PERSON
's	O
appointment	O
today	B-DATE
/.	O


I	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
he	O
can	O
do	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
job	O
there	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
hurt	O
the	O
president	O
more	O
importantly	O
going	O
to	O
hurt	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
nomination	O
is	O
a	O
bad	O
one	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
way	O
he	O
's	O
arriving	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
bad	O
idea	O
/.	O


NBC	B-ORG
's	O
David	B-PERSON
Gregory	I-PERSON
is	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
/.	O


David	B-PERSON
you	O
know	O
the	O
president	O
does	O
n't	O
he	O
run	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
looking	O
like	O
the	O
little	O
rich	O
kid	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
winning	O
the	O
game	O
so	O
he	O
says	O
it	O
's	O
my	O
ball	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
home	O
with	O
it	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
theory	O
about	O
this	O
Chris	B-PERSON
which	O
is	O
that	O
every	O
time	O
somebody	O
accuses	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
about	O
being	O
abrasive	O
or	O
abusive	O
to	O
subordinates	O
or	O
you	O
know	O
difficult	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
as	O
somebody	O
who	O
is	O
just	O
going	O
to	O
break	O
all	O
the	O
china	O
in	O
the	O
place	O
the	O
president	O
says	O
oh	O
yeah	O
this	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
like	O
the	O
guy	O
/.	O


this	O
is	O
exactly	O
what	O
I	O
want	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
/.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
only	O
half	O
kidding	O
/.	O


I	O
really	O
think	O
that	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
big	O
part	O
of	O
this	O
that	O
the	O
president	O
uh	O
yes	O
he	O
may	O
be	O
ruffling	O
feathers	O
here	O
but	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
the	O
president	O
wants	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
pretty	O
hardline	O
way	O
/.	O


uh	O
well	O
let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
this	O
about	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
appointment	O
because	O
he	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
appointed	O
through	O
uh	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
next	O
session	O
of	O
Congress	B-ORG
which	O
is	O
in	O
early	B-DATE
oh	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
it	O
's	O
really	O
only	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
/.	O


how	O
can	O
he	O
really	O
be	O
a	O
permanent	O
representative	O
and	O
have	O
the	O
stature	O
of	O
one	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
question	O
/.	O


Uh	O
It	O
is	O
a	O
question	O
that	O
was	O
posed	O
to	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
secretary	O
-	O
general	O
today	B-DATE
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
the	O
bottom	O
line	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
president	O
has	O
got	O
some	O
time	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
him	O
/.	O


He	O
has	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
up	O
there	O
/.	O


He	O
knows	O
he	O
has	O
got	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
authority	O
/.	O


Everybody	O
up	O
there	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
understands	O
that	O
as	O
well	O
that	O
he	O
can	O
push	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
agenda	O
/.	O


And	O
then	O
we	O
'll	O
see	O
what	O
happens	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
if	O
he	O
can	O
prove	O
to	O
some	O
Democrats	B-NORP
that	O
uh	O
he	O
can	O
work	O
well	O
with	O
others	O
up	O
there	O
perhaps	O
he	O
changes	O
some	O
minds	O
/.	O


Maybe	O
uh	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
/.	O


but	O
the	O
bottom	O
line	O
is	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
administration	O
that	O
thinks	O
very	O
highly	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
/.	O


and	O
the	O
only	O
real	O
engagement	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
have	O
at	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
is	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
clean	O
the	O
place	O
up	O
/.	O


And	O
so	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
stand	O
by	O
the	O
guy	O
they	O
think	O
who	O
can	O
really	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


and	O
this	O
is	O
very	O
much	O
a	O
statement	O
that	O
the	O
president	O
was	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
deterred	O
from	O
making	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
his	O
views	O
of	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
and	O
how	O
it	O
ought	O
to	O
operate	O
/.	O


how	O
big	O
a	O
role	O
has	O
the	O
vice	O
president	O
had	O
in	O
this	O
appointment	O
and	O
this	O
continuation	O
to	O
fight	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
naming	O
him	O
a	O
recess	O
appointment	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
huge	O
/.	O


And	O
in	O
fact	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
vice	O
president	O
who	O
's	O
very	O
close	O
to	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
real	O
stalwart	O
for	O
him	O
throughout	O
this	O
process	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
perfectly	O
clear	O
uh	O
that	O
he	O
made	O
the	O
argument	O
to	O
the	O
president	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
wobble	O
on	O
this	O
one	O
,	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
player	O
in	O
our	O
agenda	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
/.	O


Okay	O
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
David	B-PERSON
Gregory	I-PERSON
/.	O


Republican	B-NORP
Senator	O
Norm	B-PERSON
Coleman	I-PERSON
of	O
Minnesota	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Relations	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
which	O
held	O
the	O
nomination	O
hearings	O
on	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
/.	O


Senator	O
let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
about	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
/.	O


The	O
president	O
referred	O
to	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
Democrats	B-NORP
/.	O


Who	O
is	O
he	O
talking	O
about	O
/.	O


who	O
held	O
up	O
this	O
nomination	O
/?	O


Well	O
the	O
bottom	O
line	O
is	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
fifty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
six	I-CARDINAL
votes	O
for	O
cloture	O
/.	O


so	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
Senate	B-ORG
supported	O
ending	O
the	O
debate	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
Bolton	B-PERSON
would	O
have	O
gotten	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
fifty	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
six	I-CARDINAL
votes	O
to	O
be	O
confirmed	O
/.	O


so	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
supported	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
/.	O


and	O
in	O
most	O
democracies	O
majorities	O
actually	O
get	O
their	O
way	O
/.	O


Senate	B-ORG
procedure	O
allows	O
a	O
minority	O
to	O
block	O
this	O
nomination	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
did	O
/.	O


Chris	B-PERSON
two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
things	O
/.	O


the	O
bottom	O
line	O
is	O
you	O
're	O
forgetting	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
conference	O
on	O
UN	B-ORG
reform	O
major	O
conference	O
September	B-DATE
fourteenth	I-DATE
through	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
sixteenth	I-DATE
/.	O


The	O
president	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
make	O
a	O
major	O
statement	O
now	O
he	O
has	O
got	O
somebody	O
who	O
is	O
there	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
his	O
guy	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
him	O
over	O
these	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
/.	O


This	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
/.	O


We	O
've	O
been	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
without	O
a	O
permanent	O
representative	O
/.	O


The	O
time	O
was	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
now	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
president	O
I	O
believe	O
did	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
listen	O
to	O
Senator	O
and	O
former	O
Majority	O
leader	O
Trent	B-PERSON
Lott	I-PERSON
of	O
Mississippi	B-GPE
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
senator	O
from	O
that	O
state	O
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
opposed	O
the	O
recess	O
appointment	O
of	O
uh	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
have	O
advised	O
against	O
it	O
/.	O


Uh	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
not	O
confirmed	O
/.	O


And	O
if	O
he	O
went	O
in	O
there	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
limited	O
to	O
like	B-DATE
seventeen	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
/.	O


Uh	O
perhaps	O
uh	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
weakened	O
/.	O


but	O
uh	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
appears	O
to	O
me	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
/.	O


Uh	O
but	O
uh	O
I	O
would	O
recommend	O
against	O
a	O
recess	O
appointment	O
/.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
make	O
of	O
that	O
Senator	O
Coleman	B-PERSON
/?	O


I	O
disagree	O
with	O
my	O
friend	O
and	O
respected	O
colleague	O
Trent	B-PERSON
Lott	I-PERSON
/.	O


Bottom	O
line	O
is	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
moment	O
/.	O


This	O
UN	B-ORG
is	O
reeling	O
from	O
the	O
aftermath	O
of	O
the	O
investigation	O
that	O
we	O
've	O
done	O
on	O
oil	O
for	O
food	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
reeling	O
from	O
the	O
child	O
prostitution	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
from	O
the	O
sexual	O
harassment	O
of	O
top	O
UN	B-ORG
personnel	O
/.	O


They	O
finally	O
understand	O
they	O
have	O
got	O
to	O
make	O
change	O
/.	O


Uh	O
hopefully	O
get	O
a	B-PERSON
John	I-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
who	O
can	O
force	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
Zimbabwe	B-GPE
and	O
Sudan	B-GPE
to	O
understand	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
got	O
to	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
the	O
odious	O
Human	B-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
/.	O


And	O
so	O
the	O
time	O
is	O
now	O
/.	O


Eh	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
is	O
only	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
office	O
a	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
more	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


that	O
's	O
how	O
permanent	O
permanent	O
will	O
be	O
/.	O


Uh	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
will	O
be	O
there	O
during	O
probably	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
time	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
in	O
many	B-DATE
many	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
value	O
in	O
itself	O
in	O
having	O
someone	O
to	O
go	O
up	O
there	O
and	O
just	O
waste	O
the	O
place	O
I	O
mean	O
in	O
other	O
words	O
just	O
give	O
tough	O
speeches	O
try	O
to	O
humiliate	O
them	O
uh	O
try	O
to	O
get	O
them	O
out	O
and	O
get	O
them	O
straightened	O
out	O
by	O
just	O
making	O
fun	O
of	O
them	O
by	O
basically	O
trashing	O
some	O
of	O
those	O
Third	B-LOC
World	I-LOC
members	O
that	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
this	O
uh	O
horror	O
in	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
cases	O
you	O
mentioned	O
/?	O


uh	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
there	O
's	O
any	O
basis	O
for	O
saying	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
is	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
by	O
the	O
way	O
was	O
a	O
very	O
effective	O
assistant	O
of	O
state	O
/.	O


He	O
helped	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
get	O
rid	O
of	O
its	O
odious	O
Zionism	B-NORP
is	O
racism	O
resolution	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
ninety	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
when	O
people	O
said	O
that	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
done	O
/.	O


So	O
do	O
n't	O
underestimate	O
the	O
skill	O
of	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
/.	O


Is	O
there	O
a	O
time	O
to	O
be	O
tough	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
can	O
be	O
tough	O
/.	O


Is	O
there	O
a	O
time	O
to	O
be	O
persuasive	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


He	O
can	O
be	O
persuasive	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
got	O
a	O
record	O
of	O
doing	O
that	O
/.	O


UN	B-ORG
officials	O
themselves	O
have	O
said	O
that	O
/.	O


Malloch	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
has	O
said	O
that	O
/.	O


Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
has	O
said	O
that	O
/.	O


So	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
mistake	O
to	O
simply	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
as	O
a	O
tough	O
guy	O
who	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
push	O
folks	O
around	O
/.	O


But	O
he	O
knows	O
how	O
to	O
get	O
things	O
done	O
/.	O


The	O
moment	O
for	O
reform	O
is	O
now	O
/.	O


and	O
if	O
we	O
miss	O
that	O
moment	O
shame	O
on	O
us	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
worry	O
about	O
him	O
rattling	O
the	O
cage	O
of	O
uh	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
with	O
comments	O
like	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
tyrannical	O
dictator	O
/?	O


You	O
're	O
dealing	O
with	O
a	O
guy	O
who	O
is	O
living	O
on	O
booze	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
and	O
delusions	O
and	O
movies	O
and	O
girlfriends	O
provided	O
for	O
him	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
safe	O
to	O
call	O
him	O
names	O
/?	O


You	O
're	O
not	O
talking	O
about	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
now	O
when	O
you	O
say	O
that	O
,	O
right	O
/?	O


No	O
I	O
'm	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
safe	O
to	O
rattle	O
the	O
cage	O
of	O
a	O
crazy	O
man	O
/?	O


Uh	O
Chris	B-PERSON
Chris	B-PERSON
as	O
you	O
well	O
know	O
/-	O


I	O
should	O
n't	O
say	O
crazy	O
man	O
/.	O


He	O
might	O
hear	O
this	O
/.	O


How	O
about	O
an	O
unusual	O
leader	O
/?	O


Eh	O
everything	O
that	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
said	O
about	O
Kim	B-PERSON
Jong	I-PERSON
was	O
approved	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
/.	O


There	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
record	O
on	O
it	O
not	O
a	O
single	O
thing	O
in	O
the	O
record	O
/.	O


I	O
sat	O
through	O
all	O
the	O
hearings	O
and	O
read	O
all	O
the	O
stuff	O
/.	O


there	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
single	O
thing	O
that	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
was	O
n't	O
approved	O
by	O
higher	O
powers	O
/.	O


Tyrannical	O
dictator	O
hellish	O
nightmare	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
eve	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
six	B-CARDINAL
nation	O
talks	O
/?	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
he	O
is	O
/.	O


Oh	O
yeah	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
/.	O


The	O
truth	O
hurts	O
so	O
much	O
with	O
this	O
guy	O
/-	O


So	O
your	O
listeners	O
understand	O
there	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
single	O
thing	O
that	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
said	O
during	O
that	O
entire	O
process	O
that	O
was	O
not	O
vetted	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
not	O
cleared	O
and	O
that	O
was	O
not	O
approved	O
/.	O


So	O
he	O
is	O
a	O
tyrannical	O
dictator	O
for	O
whatever	O
reason	O
folks	O
said	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
the	O
approach	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
use	O
/.	O


and	O
so	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
was	O
n't	O
off	O
the	O
reservation	O
and	O
was	O
n't	O
speaking	O
out	O
of	O
school	O
/.	O


he	O
was	O
speaking	O
truth	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
approved	O
truth	O
/.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
about	O
his	O
comment	O
that	O
we	O
could	O
lose	O
the	O
top	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
floors	O
of	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
building	O
and	O
it	O
would	O
n't	O
hurt	O
/?	O


I	O
hope	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
an	O
office	O
on	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
top	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
floors	O
/.	O


Uh	O
yeah	O
you	O
sound	O
like	O
Barbara	B-PERSON
Boxer	I-PERSON
now	O
Chris	B-PERSON
/.	O


You	O
know	O
the	O
reality	O
he	O
was	O
saying	O
that	O
comment	O
to	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
folks	O
/.	O


it	O
was	O
a	O
meeting	O
in	O
which	O
they	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
one	B-CARDINAL
world	O
government	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
saying	O
hey	O
folks	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
/.	O


Oh	O
do	O
n't	O
/.	O


no	O
no	O
/.	O


now	O
we	O
're	O
at	O
war	O
/.	O


What	O
did	O
you	O
just	O
say	O
/?	O


Uh	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
so	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
bottom	O
line	O
is	O
that	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
folks	O
would	O
say	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
has	O
not	O
been	O
as	O
effective	O
as	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
/.	O


My	O
investigation	O
has	O
shown	O
mismanagement	O
at	O
least	O
perhaps	O
corruption	O
at	O
worst	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


and	O
so	O
there	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
folks	O
saying	O
you	O
got	O
to	O
make	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
/.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
that	O
was	O
all	O
about	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
recognized	O
it	O
now	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
they	O
're	O
holding	O
this	O
meeting	O
on	O
reform	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
the	O
president	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
speaking	O
there	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
has	O
got	O
a	O
guy	O
by	O
his	O
side	O
who	O
can	O
help	O
make	O
that	O
happen	O
/.	O


So	O
I	O
should	O
n't	O
have	O
quoted	O
him	O
/.	O


I	O
made	O
a	O
mistake	O
there	O
Senator	O
/.	O


you	O
just	O
jumped	O
on	O
me	O
because	O
I	O
quoted	O
him	O
saying	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
all	O
right	O
if	O
they	O
lost	O
the	O
top	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
floors	O
of	O
the	O
UN	B-FAC
/.	O


and	O
was	O
I	O
wrong	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
/?	O


No	O
/.	O


it	O
was	O
a	O
comment	O
/.	O


eh	O
eh	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
your	O
quote	O
/.	O


it	O
was	O
your	O
comment	O
eh	O
that	O
you	O
said	O
how	O
would	O
you	O
feel	O
if	O
you	O
were	O
on	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
floors	O
/.	O


Tell	O
me	O
what	O
you	O
should	O
do	O
here	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
Brabara	B-PERSON
Boxer	I-PERSON
said	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
our	O
hearings	O
/.	O


Oh	O
did	O
she	O
say	O
that	O
/?	O


Oh	O
oh	O
that	O
was	O
a	O
mistake	O
on	O
my	O
part	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
absolutely	O
/.	O


wait	O
and	O
the	O
reality	O
is	O
again	O
the	O
context	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
was	O
very	O
clear	O
I	O
think	O
few	O
would	O
argue	O
with	O
it	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
world	O
government	O
/.	O


The	O
UN	B-ORG
is	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
dictate	O
American	B-NORP
foreign	O
policy	O
and	O
how	O
America	B-GPE
defends	O
itself	O
/.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
has	O
showed	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
mistake	O
to	O
mischaracterize	O
him	O
simply	O
as	O
a	O
tough	O
or	O
a	O
tough	O
guy	O
or	O
a	O
bully	O
/.	O


Did	O
it	O
bother	O
you	O
that	O
when	O
he	O
filled	O
out	O
that	O
questionnaire	O
uh	O
uh	O
before	O
your	O
Senate	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Relations	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
your	O
committee	O
that	O
he	O
failed	O
to	O
note	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
he	O
denied	O
,	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
interviewed	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
uh	O
uh	O
inspector	O
general	O
's	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
causes	O
for	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/?	O


Yeah	O
it	O
bothers	O
me	O
any	O
time	O
uh	O
somebody	O
says	O
something	O
and	O
it	O
turns	O
out	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
accurate	O
/.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
if	O
he	O
was	O
simply	O
somebody	O
that	O
somebody	O
talked	O
to	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
n't	O
any	O
indication	O
he	O
was	O
involved	O
central	O
to	O
the	O
story	O
I	O
have	O
less	O
concern	O
/.	O


But	O
does	O
it	O
bother	O
me	O
/?	O


Yes	O
it	O
did	O
/.	O


I	O
wish	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
happen	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
can	O
still	O
play	O
the	O
role	O
that	O
FDR	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
other	O
Americans	B-NORP
at	O
that	O
time	O
thought	O
it	O
could	O
of	O
being	O
the	O
peacemaking	O
uh	O
organization	O
to	O
keep	O
us	O
from	O
fighting	O
war	O
after	O
war	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
/?	O


Can	O
they	O
ever	O
play	O
that	O
role	O
/?	O


Chris	B-PERSON
I	O
hope	O
so	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
this	O
whole	O
UN	B-ORG
reform	O
effort	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
this	O
is	O
about	O
uh	O
that	O
we	O
really	O
do	O
have	O
to	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
/.	O


We	O
have	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
so	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
spending	O
one	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
sixty	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
nine	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
on	O
their	O
communications	O
department	O
and	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
on	O
their	O
auditing	O
function	O
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
do	O
structural	O
reform	O
/.	O


we	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
do	O
internal	O
management	O
reform	O
/.	O


If	O
it	O
does	O
that	O
then	O
in	O
fact	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
can	O
live	O
out	O
what	O
it	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
doing	O
that	O
today	B-DATE
/.	O


I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
change	O
it	O
because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
can	O
be	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
sole	O
peacekeeper	O
and	O
world	O
's	O
sole	O
humanitarian	O
providers	O
/.	O


So	O
we	O
need	O
an	O
effective	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
/.	O


It	O
's	O
presently	O
scarred	O
presently	O
tainted	O
/.	O


Uh	O
let	O
's	O
get	O
about	O
reform	O
/.	O


and	O
hopefully	O
it	O
can	O
get	O
to	O
where	O
FDR	B-PERSON
thought	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
Senator	O
Norm	B-PERSON
Coleman	I-PERSON
of	O
Minnesota	B-GPE
a	O
perfect	O
guest	O
for	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


When	O
we	O
come	O
back	O
reaction	O
from	O
Democrats	B-NORP
to	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
recent	O
recess	O
appointment	O
of	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
plus	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
Bolton	B-PERSON
recess	O
appointment	O
/?	O


That	O
's	O
ahead	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
watching	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
only	O
on	O
MSNBC	B-ORG
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
,	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
says	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
is	O
the	O
right	O
person	O
for	O
the	O
job	O
/.	O


but	O
Democrats	B-NORP
call	O
him	O
damaged	O
goods	O
/.	O


The	O
fight	O
over	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
recess	O
appointment	O
to	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
when	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
returns	O
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
recess	O
appointment	O
of	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
as	O
UN	B-ORG
ambassador	O
may	O
be	O
controversial	O
among	O
Democrats	B-NORP
/.	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
without	O
precedent	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
move	O
has	O
energized	O
both	O
sides	O
as	O
they	O
prepare	O
for	O
the	O
next	O
battle	O
/.	O


Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
correspondent	O
David	B-PERSON
Shuster	I-PERSON
reports	O
/.	O


After	O
urging	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
not	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
with	O
this	O
recess	O
appointment	O
the	O
reaction	O
today	B-DATE
from	O
Democrats	B-NORP
was	O
harsh	O
/.	O


This	O
man	O
uh	O
sadly	O
if	O
we	O
had	O
a	O
secret	O
roll	O
call	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
approved	O
by	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
/.	O


both	O
in	O
the	O
Democratic	B-NORP
and	O
Republicans	B-NORP
sides	O
serious	O
misgivings	O
about	O
whether	O
he	O
has	O
the	O
qualifications	O
for	O
this	O
important	O
assignment	O
/.	O


And	O
some	O
Democrats	B-NORP
said	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
action	O
is	O
a	O
stick	O
in	O
the	O
eye	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
is	O
preparing	O
for	O
confirmation	O
hearings	O
of	O
John	B-PERSON
Roberts	I-PERSON
the	O
president	O
's	O
nominee	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
/.	O


This	O
president	O
has	O
more	O
disdain	O
for	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
Congress	B-ORG
than	O
any	O
president	O
I	O
've	O
seen	O
in	O
my	O
thirty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
there	O
/.	O


The	O
president	O
's	O
power	O
to	O
make	O
recess	O
appointments	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
Constitution	B-LAW
/.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
power	O
that	O
dates	O
back	O
to	O
George	B-PERSON
Washington	I-PERSON
/.	O


Our	O
nation	O
's	O
founding	O
father	O
recessed	O
John	B-PERSON
Rutledge	I-PERSON
on	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
only	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
formally	O
rejected	O
by	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
after	O
one	B-CARDINAL
term	O
/.	O


President	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
made	O
two	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
forty	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
recess	O
appointments	O
/.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
made	O
a	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
forty	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


And	O
to	O
date	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
has	O
made	O
a	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
recess	O
appointments	O
included	O
James	B-PERSON
Hormel	I-PERSON
an	O
openly	O
gay	O
man	O
Republicans	B-NORP
opposed	O
to	O
be	O
ambassador	O
to	O
Luxembourg	B-GPE
and	O
Judge	O
Roger	B-PERSON
Gregory	I-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
have	O
tried	O
for	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
put	O
an	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
on	O
the	B-ORG
fourth	I-ORG
Circuit	I-ORG
for	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


Now	O
uh	O
uh	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
reasons	O
that	O
I	O
made	O
in	O
my	O
remarks	O
uh	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
most	O
unfortunate	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
done	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
am	O
just	O
determined	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
time	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
/.	O


For	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
recess	O
appointments	O
have	O
gone	O
to	O
conservative	O
Judges	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Pickering	I-PERSON
and	O
William	B-PERSON
Pryor	I-PERSON
Labor	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
Solicitor	O
Eugene	B-PERSON
Scalia	I-PERSON
the	O
son	O
of	O
Justice	O
Antonin	B-PERSON
Scalia	I-PERSON
and	O
Undersecretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Otto	B-PERSON
Reich	I-PERSON
a	O
key	O
figure	O
in	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
administration	O
's	O
policies	O
toward	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
/.	O


But	O
political	O
analysts	O
say	O
Washington	B-ORG
is	O
more	O
bitterly	O
divided	O
now	O
than	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
in	O
years	B-DATE
/.	O


And	O
the	O
Bolton	B-PERSON
nomination	O
fight	O
was	O
particularly	O
intense	O
/.	O


He	O
has	O
a	O
record	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
remove	O
intelligence	O
analysts	O
who	O
disagreed	O
with	O
him	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
also	O
attempted	O
to	O
exaggerate	O
intelligence	O
to	O
fit	O
his	O
views	O
/.	O


This	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
Democrats	B-NORP
also	O
played	O
decade	O
old	O
tapes	O
of	O
Bolton	B-PERSON
disparaging	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
/.	O


The	B-FAC
Secretariat	I-FAC
Building	I-FAC
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
has	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
eight	I-CARDINAL
stories	O
/.	O


If	O
you	O
lost	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
stories	O
today	B-DATE
it	O
would	O
n't	O
make	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
difference	O
/.	O


Republicans	B-NORP
said	O
Bolton	B-PERSON
's	O
skepticism	O
of	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
combined	O
with	O
his	O
hard	O
working	O
style	O
would	O
make	O
him	O
a	O
perfect	O
choice	O
/.	O


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
is	O
in	O
trouble	O
/.	O


It	O
needs	O
a	O
strong	O
voice	O
from	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
to	O
help	O
reform	O
this	O
vital	O
institution	O
and	O
make	O
it	O
uh	O
relevant	O
and	O
meaningful	O
and	O
powerful	O
for	O
the	O
time	O
that	O
we	O
find	O
ourselves	O
in	O
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
is	O
now	O
the	O
first	O
US	B-GPE
ambassador	O
to	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
to	O
be	O
named	O
through	O
a	O
recess	O
appointment	O
/.	O


The	O
question	O
is	O
will	O
there	O
be	O
any	O
fallout	O
at	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
or	O
any	O
repercussions	O
here	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
when	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
have	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
again	O
later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
fall	I-DATE
/?	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Shuster	I-PERSON
for	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
/.	O


Up	O
next	O
more	O
on	O
President	O
Bush	O
's	O
recess	O
appointment	O
of	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
as	O
UN	B-ORG
ambassador	O
and	O
the	O
latest	O
on	O
the	O
heightening	O
CIA	B-ORG
leak	O
investigation	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
watching	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
on	O
MSNBC	B-ORG
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


More	O
now	O
on	O
the	O
recess	O
appointment	O
of	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
/.	O


NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
chief	O
foreign	O
affairs	O
correspondent	O
Andrea	B-PERSON
Mitchell	I-PERSON
joins	O
us	O
now	O
/.	O


Andrea	B-PERSON
there	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
paradigms	O
for	O
UN	B-ORG
ambassador	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
Adlai	B-PERSON
Stevenson	I-PERSON
the	O
old	O
liberal	O
who	O
really	O
came	O
through	O
during	O
the	B-EVENT
Cuban	I-EVENT
Missile	I-EVENT
Crisis	I-EVENT
because	O
everybody	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
believed	O
he	O
was	O
n't	O
a	O
hawk	O
/.	O


And	O
then	O
there	O
was	O
Daniel	B-PERSON
Patrick	I-PERSON
Moynihan	I-PERSON
who	O
went	O
over	O
there	O
and	O
took	O
on	O
the	B-LOC
Third	I-LOC
World	I-LOC
on	O
issues	O
like	O
uh	O
the	O
issues	O
of	O
anti-Israel	B-GPE
sort	O
of	O
rhetoric	O
over	O
there	O
and	O
he	O
won	O
those	O
battles	O
/.	O


What	O
are	O
we	O
looking	O
at	O
here	O
a	O
smart	O
diplomat	O
or	O
a	O
tough	O
talker	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
a	O
tough	O
talker	O
/.	O


But	O
what	O
he	O
needs	O
to	O
learn	O
and	O
what	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
been	O
warned	O
about	O
uh	O
from	O
diplomats	O
up	O
there	O
is	O
that	O
you	O
need	O
votes	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
ca	O
n't	O
go	O
in	O
with	O
a	O
mandate	O
that	O
the	O
president	O
has	O
given	O
him	O
to	O
shake	O
the	O
place	O
up	O
with	O
some	O
of	O
those	O
pungent	O
sound	O
bites	O
and	O
get	O
along	O
with	O
enough	O
people	O
especially	O
because	O
his	O
own	O
credibility	O
was	O
really	O
on	O
the	O
line	O
on	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
tough	O
issues	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
confront	O
Iran	B-GPE
Iraq	B-GPE
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
/.	O


So	O
since	O
he	O
's	O
been	O
accused	O
of	O
twisting	O
the	O
intelligence	O
on	O
exactly	O
those	O
issues	O
He	O
needs	O
some	O
allies	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
develop	O
those	O
allies	O
now	O
/.	O


He	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
Brits	B-NORP
and	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
traditional	O
American	B-NORP
allies	O
/.	O


but	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
goodwill	O
up	O
there	O
/.	O


That	O
said	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
has	O
experience	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
very	O
successful	O
in	O
a	O
previous	O
incarnation	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
when	O
he	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
defeat	O
the	O
Zionism	B-NORP
is	O
racism	O
uh	O
resolution	O
there	O
back	O
then	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
smart	O
guy	O
/.	O


So	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
bet	O
against	O
him	O
/.	O


What	O
about	O
the	O
European	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
world	O
press	O
/.	O


are	O
they	O
going	O
to	O
destroy	O
him	O
before	O
he	O
gets	O
started	O
for	O
being	O
a	O
recess	O
appointment	O
/?	O


Sure	O
but	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
look	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
whole	O
lot	O
of	O
strength	O
himself	O
especially	O
with	O
critics	O
here	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/.	O


So	O
while	O
he	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
warn	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
as	O
he	O
did	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
there	O
are	O
a	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
ninety	I-CARDINAL
other	O
representatives	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
certain	O
special	O
clout	O
/.	O


and	O
Annan	B-PERSON
is	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
him	O
/.	O


Uh	O
I	O
guess	O
that	O
if	O
Bolton	B-PERSON
had	O
not	O
said	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
said	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
secretariat	O
has	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
eight	I-CARDINAL
floors	O
and	O
you	O
could	O
lose	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
without	O
losing	O
anything	O
those	O
kinds	O
of	O
quotes	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
kind	O
of	O
haunt	O
him	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
there	O
's	O
any	O
danger	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
causing	O
a	O
real	O
war	O
in	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
again	O
another	B-EVENT
Korean	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
by	O
calling	O
the	O
North	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
dictator	O
what	O
he	O
is	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
he	O
calls	O
him	O
a	O
tyrannical	O
dictator	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
says	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
nightmare	O
all	O
over	O
there	O
/.	O


all	O
true	O
/.	O


But	O
here	O
's	O
a	O
guy	O
on	O
Jack	B-PRODUCT
Daniels	I-PRODUCT
most	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
in	O
a	O
world	O
of	O
delusion	O
/.	O


Is	O
there	O
any	O
chance	O
he	O
might	O
just	O
rattle	O
that	O
cage	O
too	O
hard	O
/?	O


Well	O
actually	O
Condi	B-PERSON
Rice	I-PERSON
herself	O
in	O
her	O
own	O
confirmation	O
hearing	O
had	O
rattled	O
that	O
cage	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
've	O
walked	O
way	O
back	O
from	O
that	O
/.	O


What	O
Rice	B-PERSON
is	O
proving	O
as	O
secretary	O
is	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
much	O
more	O
pragmatic	O
as	O
secretary	O
of	O
state	B-ORG
than	O
she	O
was	O
a	O
national	O
security	O
adviser	O
on	O
Iran	B-GPE
and	O
on	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
/.	O


So	O
she	O
's	O
taken	O
this	O
posture	O
she	O
's	O
reflecting	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
view	O
as	O
adjusted	O
for	O
second	B-ORDINAL
term	O
and	O
Bolton	B-PERSON
is	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
follow	O
that	O
line	O
/.	O


He	O
ca	O
n't	O
really	O
go	O
off	O
on	O
his	O
own	O
/.	O


And	O
if	O
he	O
does	O
I	O
think	O
she	O
'll	O
reel	O
him	O
right	O
back	O
in	O
/.	O


How	O
many	O
months	B-DATE
before	O
Condi	B-PERSON
Rice	I-PERSON
has	O
to	O
apologize	O
or	O
defend	O
uh	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
his	O
language	O
/?	O


Maybe	O
two	B-CARDINAL
/.	O


Okay	O
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
Andrea	B-PERSON
Mitchell	I-PERSON
/.	O


Two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
it	O
is	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
joined	O
right	O
now	O
by	O
Steve	B-PERSON
McMahon	I-PERSON
Democratic	B-NORP
political	O
strategist	O
and	O
longtime	O
adviser	O
to	O
Democratic	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Howard	B-PERSON
Dean	I-PERSON
I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
he	O
's	O
been	O
around	O
that	O
long	O
and	O
Ben	B-PERSON
Ginsberg	I-PERSON
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
attorney	O
and	O
adviser	O
to	O
the	O
conservative	O
group	O
Progress	B-ORG
For	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
and	O
also	O
a	O
man	O
whose	O
card	O
has	O
been	O
stamped	O
by	O
working	O
hard	O
to	O
win	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
recount	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
right	O
/?	O


Yes	O
sir	O
/.	O


Does	O
n't	O
it	O
seem	O
to	O
you	O
that	O
people	O
like	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
and	O
John	B-PERSON
Roberts	I-PERSON
uh	O
the	O
uh	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
nominee	O
have	O
all	O
earned	O
their	O
spurs	O
through	O
this	O
sort	O
of	O
red	O
badge	O
of	O
courage	O
down	O
in	O
the	O
Florida	B-GPE
recount	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
other	O
way	O
around	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
we	O
recruited	O
the	O
best	O
and	O
the	O
brightest	O
and	O
people	O
who	O
we	O
knew	O
would	O
be	O
excellent	O
in	O
really	O
a	O
tough	O
and	O
historical	O
setting	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
where	O
those	O
guys	O
came	O
in	O
/.	O


Is	O
that	O
where	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
learned	O
how	O
to	O
be	O
so	O
belligerent	O
down	O
there	O
in	O
uh	O
/-	O


Okay	O
let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
a	O
tough	O
shot	O
/.	O


the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
who	O
voted	O
against	O
Bolton	B-PERSON
and	O
denied	O
him	O
an	O
up	O
or	O
down	O
vote	O
in	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
were	O
n't	O
they	O
just	O
in	O
a	O
certain	O
way	O
trying	O
to	O
separate	O
themselves	O
from	O
having	O
voted	O
for	O
the	O
war	O
/?	O


This	O
is	O
their	O
chance	O
to	O
basically	O
say	O
to	O
the	O
president	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
country	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
this	O
war	O
policy	O
of	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
president	O
/.	O


I	O
actually	O
think	O
it	O
was	O
their	O
chance	O
to	O
stand	O
up	O
and	O
say	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
somebody	O
who	O
was	O
an	O
architect	O
of	O
a	O
war	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
an	O
architect	O
of	O
the	O
misleading	O
information	O
that	O
we	O
got	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
world	O
got	O
/.	O


many	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
uh	O
then	O
later	O
followed	O
us	O
into	O
war	O
/-	O


If	O
they	O
bought	O
it	O
back	O
before	O
why	O
are	O
they	O
not	O
buying	O
it	O
now	O
/?	O


Well	O
because	O
they	O
've	O
learned	O
from	O
their	O
mistake	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
obviously	O
you	O
know	O
when	O
you	O
lead	O
a	O
nation	O
and	O
a	O
world	O
into	O
war	O
um	O
eh	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
record	O
that	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
has	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
Florida	B-GPE
and	O
fought	O
in	O
the	O
recount	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
got	O
smart	O
/.	O


Is	O
your	O
party	O
ready	O
now	O
to	O
come	O
out	O
against	O
this	O
war	O
/.	O


or	O
are	O
they	O
still	O
going	O
to	O
play	O
it	O
both	O
ways	O
/?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
the	O
party	O
is	O
playing	O
it	O
both	O
ways	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
our	O
party	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
hold	O
our	O
president	O
accountable	O
/.	O


Oh	O
yes	O
they	O
are	O
/.	O


support	O
the	O
troops	O
/.	O


support	O
more	O
armors	O
/-	O


Eh	O
uh	O
are	O
you	O
for	O
the	O
war	O
your	O
party	O
/?	O


But	O
Chris	B-PERSON
you	O
can	O
be	O
against	O
the	O
war	O
and	O
be	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
the	O
troops	O
/.	O


Uh	O
uh	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
think	O
there	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
different	O
pe-	O
/-	O


You	O
ca	O
n't	O
answer	O
that	O
,	O
can	O
you	O
/?	O


Well	O
no	O
our	O
party	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
position	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
different	O
people	O
/-	O


Well	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
party	I-ORG
has	O
a	O
position	O
/.	O


Absolutely	O
right	O
/.	O


where	O
are	O
you	O
guys	O
/?	O


well	O
of	O
course	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
has	O
a	O
position	O
/.	O


The	O
president	O
tells	O
them	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
/-	O


Have	O
you	O
got	O
a	O
party	O
on	O
taxes	O
on	O
trade	O
on	O
anything	O
/?	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
find	O
the	O
Democratic	B-NORP
position	O
on	O
any	O
issue	O
today	B-DATE
/.	O


What	O
is	O
your	O
position	O
on	O
whether	O
we	O
should	O
roll	O
back	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
tax	O
cut	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
should	O
roll	O
back	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
tax	O
cut	O
/.	O


Does	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
believe	O
that	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
has	O
said	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
problem	O
is	O
/-	O


The	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
is	O
for	O
the	O
tax	O
cut	O
/.	O


there	O
's	O
a	O
beauty	O
here	O
to	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
symmetry	O
here	O
/.	O


Well	O
absolutely	O
/.	O


The	O
Republicans	B-NORP
know	O
where	O
they	O
stand	O
/.	O


the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
they	O
are	O
still	O
looking	O
for	O
an	O
opportunity	O
/.	O


No	O
no	O
no	O
/.	O


the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
believe	O
that	O
the	O
president	O
has	O
driven	O
this	O
country	O
into	O
a	O
recession	O
/.	O


The	O
economy	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
wrong	O
track	O
/.	O


So	O
therefore	O
what	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
about	O
it	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
most	O
Democrats	B-NORP
think	O
we	O
ought	O
to	O
repeal	O
the	O
tax	O
cuts	O
for	O
the	O
very	O
wealthy	O
/.	O


Really	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


The	O
economy	O
is	O
taking	O
off	O
/.	O


unemployment	O
is	O
down	O
at	O
five	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
/.	O


you	O
've	O
had	O
sustained	O
growth	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


What	O
are	O
you	O
talking	O
about	O
/?	O


Okay	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
and	O
talk	O
about	O
whether	O
we	O
have	O
a	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
that	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
change	O
/.	O


Big	O
news	O
this	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
/.	O


Somebody	O
says	O
that	O
they	O
think	O
that	O
this	O
guy	O
John	B-PERSON
Roberts	I-PERSON
is	O
going	O
to	O
end	O
up	O
being	O
chief	O
justice	O
within	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
/.	O


Ben	B-PERSON
Ginsberg	I-PERSON
and	O
Steve	B-PERSON
McMahon	I-PERSON
are	O
staying	O
with	O
us	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
watching	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
with	O
MSNBC	B-ORG
/.	O


Have	O
you	O
heard	O
that	O
one	O
/?	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


We	O
're	O
back	O
with	O
Republican	B-NORP
strategist	O
Ben	B-PERSON
Ginsberg	I-PERSON
and	O
Democratic	B-NORP
strategist	O
Steve	B-PERSON
McMahon	I-PERSON
/.	O


Ben	B-PERSON
I	O
have	O
a	O
sense	O
this	O
president	O
wants	O
this	O
guy	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
to	O
go	O
up	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
/.	O


He	O
's	O
already	O
up	O
there	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
been	O
booed	O
on	O
his	O
way	O
into	O
the	O
building	O
today	B-DATE
/-	O


And	O
just	O
give	O
them	O
hell	O
/.	O


look	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
principled	O
guy	O
with	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
skills	O
/.	O


He	O
has	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
the	O
secretary	O
of	O
state	B-ORG
a	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
Senate	B-ORG
/.	O


Kofi	O
Annan	O
says	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
him	O
/.	O


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
is	O
doing	O
important	O
reform	O
work	O
/.	O


And	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
is	O
the	O
right	O
guy	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
in	O
and	O
do	O
his	O
job	O
and	O
not	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
carping	O
from	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
/.	O


He	O
's	O
basically	O
going	O
to	O
waste	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
the	O
Third	B-LOC
World	I-LOC
people	O
and	O
just	O
blow	O
them	O
up	O
every	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
/.	O


No	O
absolutely	O
not	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
not	O
his	O
mandate	O
and	O
goal	O
/.	O


His	O
mandate	O
and	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
fulfill	O
the	O
foreign	O
policy	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/.	O


and	O
that	O
absolutely	O
includes	O
helping	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Third	I-LOC
World	I-LOC
/.	O


He	O
is	O
so	O
good	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
he	O
/?	O


He	O
's	O
so	O
good	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
sending	O
Frank	B-PERSON
Rizzo	I-PERSON
to	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
/.	O


But	O
that	O
's	O
just	O
a	O
thought	O
you	O
know	O
/.	O


a	O
tough	O
customer	O
a	O
tough	O
cop	O
or	O
else	O
how	O
about	O
hall	O
monitor	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
exactly	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
tough	O
guys	O
to	O
go	O
get	O
these	O
bozos	O
in	O
line	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
'm	O
talking	O
from	O
the	O
subjunctive	O
mood	O
of	O
this	O
administration	O
/.	O


Well	O
he	O
obviously	O
thinks	O
he	O
is	O
a	O
hall	O
monitor	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
president	O
may	O
refer	O
to	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
as	O
the	O
architect	O
/.	O


but	O
to	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
is	O
the	O
architect	O
of	O
misleading	O
the	O
country	O
misleading	O
the	O
world	O
into	O
a	O
war	O
/.	O


um	O
and	O
then	O
you	O
know	O
basically	O
during	O
his	O
confirmation	O
hearings	O
he	O
was	O
asked	O
whether	O
he	O
had	O
ever	O
been	O
interrogated	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
investigation	O
/.	O


He	O
did	O
n't	O
tell	O
the	O
truth	O
about	O
that	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
this	O
is	O
an	O
administration	O
that	O
basically	O
is	O
rewarding	O
somebody	O
for	O
not	O
telling	O
the	O
truth	O
consistently	O
over	O
a	O
long	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
and	O
for	O
belligerently	O
abusing	O
his	O
staff	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
in	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
debate	O
/.	O


Your	O
party	O
stuck	O
by	O
what	O
you	O
just	O
said	O
about	O
blaming	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
for	O
the	O
war	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
they	O
sort	O
of	O
nickeled	O
and	O
dimed	O
him	O
on	O
not	O
giving	O
him	O
a	O
fair	O
up	O
or	O
down	O
vote	O
on	O
much	O
less	O
relevant	O
points	O
/.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
all	O
the	O
papers	O
that	O
we	O
think	O
we	O
need	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
kept	O
playing	O
that	O
sort	O
of	O
rope	O
a	O
dope	O
game	O
/.	O


There	O
was	O
nothing	O
about	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
as	O
the	O
architect	O
for	O
the	O
war	O
/.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
much	O
shriller	O
sort	O
of	O
less	O
relevant	O
debate	O
that	O
you	O
guys	O
did	O
/.	O


could	O
n't	O
the	O
strategy	O
of	O
the	O
president	O
be	O
this	O
guy	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
lightning	O
rod	O
/?	O


They	O
'll	O
hate	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
/.	O


they	O
wo	O
n't	O
hate	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
/.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
all	O
right	O
/.	O


I	O
sort	O
of	O
like	O
him	O
/.	O


this	O
guy	O
Bolton	B-PERSON
is	O
no	O
good	O
/.	O


you	O
know	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Kennedy	I-PERSON
would	O
send	O
Bobby	B-PERSON
out	O
there	O
/.	O


Be	O
mad	O
at	O
Bobby	B-PERSON
/.	O


that	O
's	O
your	O
job	O
/.	O


Is	O
that	O
what	O
this	O
is	O
about	O
/?	O


Not	O
Bobb-	O
/-	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


Nobody	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
like	O
Bolton	B-PERSON
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
now	I-DATE
,	O
are	O
they	O
/?	O


Well	O
you	O
know	O
in	O
about	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
now	I-DATE
he	O
wo	O
n't	O
either	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
reupped	O
/.	O


Is	O
there	O
any	O
chance	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
will	O
confirm	O
him	O
/?	O


Will	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
you	O
think	O
/-	O


Let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
a	O
question	O
/.	O


Ben	B-PERSON
Ginsberg	I-PERSON
will	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
Senate	B-ORG
eventually	O
confirm	O
this	O
guy	O
to	O
a	O
full	O
appointment	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
I	O
think	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
is	O
going	O
to	O
surprise	O
people	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
/-	O


will	O
that	O
happen	O
/?	O


Yes	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
election	O
results	O
/.	O


Oh	O
depending	O
on	O
/-	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
mean	O
/?	O


Well	O
his	O
term	O
ends	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
oh	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
/.	O


There	O
are	O
Senate	B-ORG
elections	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
oh	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
/.	O


So	O
if	O
your	O
party	O
picks	O
up	O
seats	O
he	O
'll	O
get	O
confirmed	O
/?	O


Yeah	O
when	O
we	O
pick	O
up	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
seats	O
to	O
give	O
us	O
filibuster	O
proof	O
/.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
easy	O
/.	O


and	O
without	O
that	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
performance	O
will	O
do	O
it	O
/.	O


What	O
a	O
standard	O
you	O
're	O
setting	O
/.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
if	O
they	O
get	O
a	O
veto	O
uh	O
uh	O
uh	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
call	O
it	O
a	O
filibuster	O
proof	O
majority	O
/-	O


he	O
will	O
go	O
up	O
and	O
get	O
confirmed	O
anyways	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
job	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


somebody	O
said	O
on	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
weekend	B-DATE
shows	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
're	O
right	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
a	O
secret	O
vote	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
would	O
n't	O
carry	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
caucus	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
absolutely	O
right	O
/.	O


And	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
an	O
up	O
or	O
down	O
vote	O
he	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
confirmed	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
he	O
would	O
carry	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
caucus	O
vote	O
/?	O


Yes	O
he	O
had	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
support	O
on	O
the	O
cloture	O
petitions	O
/.	O


it	O
was	O
n't	O
enough	O
to	O
get	O
sixty	B-CARDINAL
/.	O


Are	O
we	O
going	O
anywhere	O
in	O
this	O
uh	O
CIA	B-ORG
investigation	O
/?	O


Here	O
's	O
the	O
question	O
I	O
ask	O
you	O
/.	O


Will	O
this	O
end	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
simple	O
report	O
uh	O
from	O
Patrick	B-PERSON
Fitzgerald	I-PERSON
the	O
investigator	O
the	O
prosecutor	O
from	O
Chicago	B-GPE
/.	O


or	O
will	O
he	O
end	O
up	O
with	O
some	O
really	O
serious	O
indictments	O
Ben	B-PERSON
Ginsberg	I-PERSON
/?	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
/.	O


but	O
no	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
appear	O
like	O
right	O
now	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
uh	O
indictments	O
certainly	O
on	O
the	O
leak	O
/.	O


but	O
there	O
is	O
it	O
seems	O
a	O
lot	O
going	O
on	O
beneath	O
the	O
surface	O
and	O
certainly	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
speculation	O
uh	O
going	O
on	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
/.	O


So	O
you	O
're	O
betting	O
against	O
perjury	O
indictments	O
/?	O


I	O
would	O
suspect	O
no	O
/.	O


Obstruction	O
of	O
justice	O
indictments	O
/.	O


But	O
as	O
I	O
say	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
going	O
on	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
perjury	O
or	O
obstruction	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
indictments	O
at	O
all	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
pretty	O
difficult	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
investigation	O
of	O
this	O
length	O
at	O
this	O
cost	O
to	O
put	O
a	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
uh	O
reporter	O
in	O
jail	O
for	O
this	O
length	O
of	O
time	O
/.	O


Steve	B-PERSON
did	O
n't	O
they	O
work	O
for	O
the	O
secretary	O
of	O
agriculture	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
and	O
go	O
for	O
like	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
hundred	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


and	O
they	O
never	O
got	O
anything	O
on	O
the	O
guy	O
/?	O


/.	O


Well	O
they	O
never	O
put	O
a	O
reporter	O
in	O
jail	O
for	O
something	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
it	O
's	O
never	O
happened	O
before	O
/.	O


/.	O


They	O
got	O
him	O
with	O
the	O
basketball	O
tickets	O
/.	O


But	O
she	O
's	O
not	O
talking	O
/.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
witness	O
/.	O


Well	O
they	O
've	O
got	O
plenty	O
of	O
witnesses	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
have	O
got	O
plenty	O
of	O
ammunition	O
/.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
charge-	O
/-	O


Steve	B-PERSON
what	O
's	O
the	O
charge	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
see	O
perjury	O
or	O
obstruction	O
of	O
justice	O
because	O
I	O
frankly	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
on	O
a	O
technical	O
specific	O
intent	O
crime	O
like	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
was	O
originally	O
alleged	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
probably	O
return	O
an	O
indictment	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
specific	O
intent	O
crime	O
/.	O


But	O
on	O
obstruction	O
and	O
on	O
perjury	O
it	O
looks	O
like	O
there	O
's	O
plenty	O
of	O
room	O
/.	O


Joe	B-PERSON
Wilson	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
will	O
be	O
frog	O
-	O
walked	O
out	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
/.	O


uh	O
uh	O
he	O
means	O
in	O
chains	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
unlikely	O
/.	O


Unlikely	O
/.	O


This	O
investigation	O
got	O
so	O
much	O
scrutiny	O
from	O
the	O
media	O
when	O
it	O
started	O
that	O
if	O
you	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
no	O
prosecution	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
you	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
ask	O
a	O
huge	O
number	O
of	O
questions	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
prosecutor	O
is	O
doing	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
that	O
no	O
prosecution	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
think	O
/?	O


By	O
the	O
way	O
/-	O


I	O
think	O
they	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
huge	O
paper	O
trail	O
/.	O


They	O
've	O
been	O
interviewing	O
people	O
interrogating	O
them	O
before	O
a	O
grand	O
jury	O
for	O
months	B-DATE
/.	O


They	O
have	O
so	O
many	O
potential	O
contradictions	O
/.	O


And	O
having	O
watched	O
what	O
this	O
fellow	O
uh	O
Patrick	B-PERSON
Fitzgerald	I-PERSON
did	O
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
with	O
the	O
Daley	B-PERSON
administration	O
where	O
he	O
took	O
down	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
top	O
guys	O
on	O
patronage	O
which	O
most	O
people	O
would	O
say	O
is	O
n't	O
that	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
out	O
there	O
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
serious	O
business	O
/.	O


I	O
would	O
look	O
out	O
for	O
this	O
guy	O
if	O
I	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
staff	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
I	O
was	O
commenting	O
on	O
the	O
frog	O
-	O
walk	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
may	O
have	O
a	O
real	O
problem	O
on	O
his	O
hands	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
he	O
'll	O
be	O
frog	O
-	O
walked	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
if	O
there	O
's	O
any	O
way	O
the	O
president	O
can	O
stand	O
by	O
his	O
man	O
he	O
will	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
maybe	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
more	O
difficult	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


Is	O
anybody	O
going	O
to	O
stay	O
on	O
the	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
staff	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
indicted	O
Ben	B-PERSON
/?	O


Once	O
indicted	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
once	O
you	O
're	O
indicted	O
it	O
's	O
difficult	O
to	O
keep	O
anyone	O
on	O
a	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
staff	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
this	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
big	O
second	B-ORDINAL
term	O
booboo	O
of	O
this	O
administration	O
/?	O


Like	O
they	O
always	O
seem	O
to	O
have	O
one	B-CARDINAL
/.	O


this	O
president	O
has	O
n't	O
suffered	O
one	B-CARDINAL
yet	O
/.	O


Iran	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Contra	I-EVENT
Watergate	B-EVENT
Monica	B-PERSON
they	O
all	O
seem	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
problem	O
/.	O


uh	O
uh	O
you	O
know	O
Sherman	B-PERSON
Adams	I-PERSON
with	O
Eisenhower	B-PERSON
the	O
court	O
packing	O
by	O
FDR	B-PERSON
/.	O


It	O
's	O
almost	O
automatic	O
this	O
second	B-ORDINAL
term	O
problem	O
/.	O


and	O
if	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
've	O
handled	O
this	O
publicly	O
basically	O
if	O
they	O
handled	O
it	O
within	O
the	O
grand	O
jury	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
they	O
handled	O
it	O
publicly	O
by	O
dissembling	O
and	O
misleading	O
and	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
maybe	O
outright	O
misrepresentation	O
of	O
the	O
truth	O
it	O
seems	O
pretty	O
likely	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
lead	O
to	O
some	O
criminal	O
activity	O
because	O
this	O
guy	O
is	O
there	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
job	O
and	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
partisan	O
but	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
tough	O
prosecutor	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
he	O
was	O
originally	O
uh	O
an	O
appointee	O
of	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
father	O
/.	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
Democratic	B-NORP
witch	O
hunt	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
serious	O
matter	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
know	O
these	O
guys	O
may	O
have	O
some	O
problems	O
on	O
their	O
hand	O
/.	O


Ben	B-PERSON
do	O
you	O
think	O
/.	O


a	O
lot	O
of	O
fights	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
going	O
on	O
last	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
whether	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
nomination	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
of	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
the	O
issue	O
of	O
the	O
leak	O
investigation	O
if	O
you	O
write	O
the	O
history	O
now	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
now	I-DATE
,	O
what	O
the	O
real	O
fight	O
is	O
about	O
is	O
the	O
recriminations	O
over	O
whether	O
we	O
should	O
have	O
gone	O
to	O
war	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
fight	O
is	O
about	O
/.	O


Well	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
I	O
agree	O
with	O
that	O
/.	O


It	O
seems	O
to	O
me	O
the	O
overlook	O
story	O
is	O
the	O
real	O
accomplishments	O
of	O
the	O
Congress	B-ORG
bipartisan	O
uh	O
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
and	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


You	O
had	O
energy	O
/.	O


you	O
had	O
transportation	O
/.	O


uh	O
you	O
've	O
had	O
tort	O
reform	O
/.	O


you	O
've	O
had	O
bankruptcy	O
bills	O
/.	O


you	O
got	O
an	O
economy	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
along	O
uh	O
pretty	O
well	O
/.	O


This	O
has	O
been	O
an	O
era	O
of	O
achievement	O
for	O
the	O
president	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
going	O
back	O
looking	O
at	O
this	B-DATE
period	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
time	I-DATE
uh	O
in	O
that	O
lens	O
yeah	O
/.	O


As	O
fail	O
period	O
/.	O


Uh	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
this	O
administration	O
especially	O
this	O
second	B-ORDINAL
term	O
is	O
arrogance	O
and	O
abuse	O
of	O
power	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
basically	O
anybody	O
who	O
gets	O
in	O
their	O
way	O
they	O
knock	O
down	O
/.	O


As	O
bad	O
as	O
FDR	B-PERSON
in	O
the	O
second	O
term	O
/?	O


Worse	O
worse	O
Chris	B-PERSON
way	O
/-	O


As	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
during	O
Lewinsky	B-PERSON
/?	O


Well	O
you	O
know	O
uh	O
we	O
've	O
learned	O
that	O
perjury	O
is	O
a	O
problem	O
for	O
public	O
officials	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
learned	O
it	O
from	O
a	O
matter	O
as	O
unusual	O
as	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
and	O
Monica	B-PERSON
/.	O


But	O
in	O
fact	O
Ben	B-PERSON
I	O
think	O
I	O
sat	O
on	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
shows	O
with	O
you	O
talking	O
about	O
that	O
very	O
subject	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
were	O
singing	O
a	O
different	O
tune	O
then	O
,	O
were	O
n't	O
you	O
/?	O


Okay	O
we	O
learned	O
a	O
lot	O
tonight	B-TIME
/.	O


You	O
say	O
John	B-PERSON
Bolton	I-PERSON
will	O
be	O
confirmed	O
by	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
Senate	B-ORG
within	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
/?	O


Yes	O
/.	O


Well	O
no	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
when	O
his	O
term	O
is	O
up	O
/.	O


You	O
believe	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
/?	O


In	O
early	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
because	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
will	O
be	O
packed	O
with	O
Republicans	B-NORP
by	O
then	O
/.	O


No	O
because	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
such	O
a	O
good	O
job	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
deserve	O
/-	O


Absolutely	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
believe	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
indictments	O
coming	O
out	O
of	O
this	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
leak	O
/?	O


Uh	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
more	O
likely	O
than	O
not	O
yeah	O
/.	O


You	O
think	O
there	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
there	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
of	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
staff	O
/.	O


Okay	O
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
differences	O
of	O
opinion	O
here	O
/-	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
Ben	B-PERSON
Ginsberg	I-PERSON
Republican	B-NORP
strategist	O
Steve	B-PERSON
McMahon	I-PERSON
Democratic	B-NORP
strategist	O
he	O
said	O
breathlessly	O
/.	O


Uh	O
next	O
a	O
delegation	O
of	O
conservative	O
this	O
is	O
so	O
hot	O
radio	O
talk	O
show	O
hosts	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
country	O
went	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
to	O
oppose	O
what	O
they	O
call	O
the	O
liberal	O
media	O
bias	O
against	O
that	O
war	O
/.	O


What	O
's	O
really	O
going	O
on	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/?	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
hear	O
from	O
a	O
radio	O
talk	O
show	O
host	O
who	O
was	O
there	O
and	O
an	O
Iraq	B-GPE
war	O
veteran	O
/.	O


they	O
go	O
to	O
war	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
watching	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
only	O
on	O
MSNBC	B-ORG
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
,	O
conservative	O
radio	O
talk	O
show	O
hosts	O
say	O
the	O
media	O
is	O
missing	O
the	O
story	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


That	O
debate	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
hot	O
one	O
when	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
returns	O
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


This	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
great	O
/.	O


Melanie	B-PERSON
Morgan	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
radio	O
talk	O
show	O
from	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
KSFL	B-ORG
AM	I-ORG
five	I-ORG
seventy	I-ORG
/.	O


She	O
's	O
also	O
chairwoman	O
or	O
chairman	O
of	O
Move	B-ORG
America	I-ORG
Forward	I-ORG
/.	O


She	O
recently	O
returned	O
from	O
Iraq	B-GPE
with	O
a	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
other	O
conservative	O
radio	O
talk	O
show	O
hosts	O
where	O
they	O
broadcast	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
order	O
to	O
combat	O
what	O
she	O
calls	O
the	O
mainstream	O
media	O
and	O
liberals	O
'	O
attempt	O
to	O
undermine	O
the	O
war	O
effort	O
with	O
negative	O
news	O
/.	O


Also	O
joining	O
us	O
right	O
now	O
is	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Rieckhoff	I-PERSON
/.	O


He	O
's	O
a	O
veteran	O
of	O
the	O
Iraq	B-GPE
war	O
and	O
founder	O
of	O
Operation	B-ORG
Truth	I-ORG
dot	O
org	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
and	O
largest	O
advocacy	O
group	O
for	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
war	O
veterans	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
start	O
with	O
Melanie	B-PERSON
just	O
back	O
ten	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
what	O
did	O
you	O
smell	O
over	O
there	O
/?	O


What	O
did	O
you	O
see	O
/?	O


Well	O
first	O
of	O
all	O
it	O
was	O
a	B-QUANTITY
hundred	I-QUANTITY
and	I-QUANTITY
twenty	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
five	I-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
in	O
the	O
shade	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


Um	O
and	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
wearing	O
like	O
I	O
was	O
twenty	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
five	I-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
of	O
body	O
armor	O
um	O
and	O
sweating	O
through	O
your	O
clothes	O
and	O
trying	O
to	O
stay	O
hydrated	O
um	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
a	O
sandstorm	O
um	O
where	O
we	O
were	O
trapped	O
on	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
different	O
occasions	O
it	O
was	O
pretty	O
grueling	O
tough	O
work	O
and	O
an	O
assignment	O
that	O
made	O
me	O
have	O
a	O
tremendous	O
appreciation	O
of	O
what	O
our	O
troops	O
are	O
going	O
through	O
on	O
a	O
day	O
to	O
day	O
basis	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


what	O
did	O
you	O
get	O
from	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
/?	O


Do	O
they	O
like	O
us	O
/.	O


Do	O
they	O
dislike	O
us	O
/.	O


Are	O
they	O
neutral	O
/?	O


Are	O
they	O
waiting	O
to	O
see	O
who	O
wins	O
or	O
what	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
at	O
least	O
the	O
ones	O
with	O
whom	O
I	O
spoke	O
felt	O
very	O
strongly	O
that	O
they	O
appreciated	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
presence	O
there	O
/.	O


They	O
are	O
obviously	O
extremely	O
concerned	O
about	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
violence	O
that	O
is	O
coming	O
from	O
the	O
insurgency	O
/.	O


but	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
reason	O
for	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
have	O
n't	O
heard	O
this	O
discussed	O
in	O
the	O
mainstream	O
media	O
because	O
nobody	O
has	O
brought	O
it	O
up	O
/.	O


The	O
reason	O
why	O
they	O
are	O
concerned	O
is	O
because	O
they	O
know	O
that	O
uh	O
the	O
constitutional	O
referendum	O
is	O
terribly	O
important	O
/.	O


the	O
insurgency	O
made	O
a	O
strategic	O
and	O
tactical	O
error	O
by	O
not	O
disrupting	O
the	O
last	O
election	O
back	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
/.	O


They	O
know	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
coming	O
time	O
around	O
/.	O


But	O
if	O
those	O
elections	O
go	O
successfully	O
as	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
military	O
is	O
hoping	O
and	O
planning	O
for	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
army	O
then	O
we	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
start	O
discussing	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
drawing	O
down	O
our	O
troops	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
something	O
that	O
I	O
learned	O
and	O
reported	O
on	O
while	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


And	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
until	O
ten	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
I	O
finally	O
started	O
seeing	O
something	O
in	O
the	O
front	O
pages	O
of	O
the	O
daily	O
newspapers	O
/.	O


Paul	B-PERSON
you	O
helped	O
fight	O
that	O
war	O
/.	O


your	O
reaction	O
to	O
what	O
Melanie	B-PERSON
just	O
said	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
great	O
that	O
some	O
reporters	O
are	O
headed	O
over	O
there	O
and	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
taste	O
and	O
a	O
feel	O
for	O
what	O
soldiers	O
like	O
me	O
lived	O
every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
/.	O


And	O
I	O
was	O
there	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
Central	B-LOC
Baghdad	I-LOC
/.	O


And	O
I	O
saw	O
the	O
good	O
the	O
bad	O
and	O
everything	O
in	O
between	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
reporters	O
need	O
to	O
really	O
continue	O
to	O
go	O
outside	O
their	O
area	O
of	O
comfortability	O
outside	O
the	B-LOC
Green	I-LOC
Zone	I-LOC
/.	O


But	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
reality	O
is	O
that	O
Ms.	O
Morgan	B-PERSON
like	O
most	O
reporters	O
are	O
really	O
spoon	O
-	O
fed	O
uh	O
their	O
experience	O
there	O
/.	O


they	O
're	O
provided	O
with	O
DOD	B-ORG
contractors	O
or	O
uh	O
military	O
security	O
personnel	O
/.	O


and	O
what	O
they	O
get	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
narrow	O
understanding	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
day	O
to	O
day	O
life	O
is	O
/.	O


Not	O
enough	O
reporters	O
are	O
really	O
going	O
outside	O
of	O
that	O
comfortability	O
factor	O
and	O
going	O
beyond	O
that	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
experience	O
what	O
we	O
as	O
soliders	O
experience	O
/.	O


what	O
makes	O
you	O
assume	O
that	O
I	O
stayed	O
inside	O
the	B-LOC
green	I-LOC
zone	I-LOC
/?	O


That	O
's	O
another	O
thing	O
that	O
you	O
've	O
written	O
about	O
me	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
lie	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
what	O
I	O
said	O
ma'am	O
/.	O


What	O
I	O
said	O
was	O
that	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
comfortbility	O
zone	O
/.	O


What	O
you	O
/-	O


If	O
I	O
could	O
finish	O
I	O
'll	O
respond	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
you	O
were	O
there	O
for	O
ten	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
got	O
your	O
feet	O
wet	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
nice	O
/.	O


But	O
then	O
you	O
back	O
to	O
your	O
comfortable	O
house	O
in	O
the	O
civilian	O
world	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
soliders	O
stayed	O
there	O
/.	O


Excuse	O
me	O
Paul	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
think	O
if	O
you	O
really	O
wanted	O
a	O
taste	O
of	O
that	O
experience	O
you	O
could	O
spend	O
more	O
time	O
there	O
/.	O


Excuse	O
me	O
Paul	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
have	O
spent	O
thirty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
as	O
a	O
correspondant	O
/.	O


I	O
was	O
in	O
Bejing	B-GPE
when	O
college	O
students	O
were	O
being	O
murdered	O
/.	O


I	O
covered	O
their	O
dead	O
bodies	O
/.	O


I	O
have	O
been	O
to	O
Beirut	B-GPE
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
eighty	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
/.	O


I	O
've	O
seen	O
the	O
dead	O
and	O
American	B-NORP
wounded	O
/.	O


I	O
have	O
had	O
a	O
long	O
and	O
extensive	O
career	O
/.	O


So	O
please	O
do	O
n't	O
lecture	O
me	O
about	O
my	O
comfortability	O
zone	O
/.	O


let	O
me	O
go	O
to	O
Melanie	B-PERSON
/.	O


Melanie	B-PERSON
I	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
some	O
reporting	O
here	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
report	O
/.	O


When	O
you	O
talked	O
to	O
regular	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
what	O
were	O
they	O
telling	O
you	O
/?	O


Did	O
you	O
get	O
a	O
sense	O
/-	O


I	O
know	O
you	O
could	O
n't	O
take	O
a	O
poll	O
in	O
ten	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
/.	O


but	O
what	O
were	O
they	O
saying	O
about	O
our	O
presence	O
/?	O


Many	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
were	O
fearful	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
extraordinary	O
level	O
of	O
IED	O
improvised	O
explosive	O
devices	O
that	O
were	O
going	O
off	O
and	O
killing	O
people	O
/.	O


But	O
here	O
's	O
the	O
fact	O
of	O
the	O
matter	O
/.	O


The	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
that	O
I	O
was	O
there	O
uh	O
there	O
were	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
young	O
school	O
children	O
who	O
were	O
killed	O
about	B-CARDINAL
six	I-CARDINAL
blocks	O
away	O
from	O
where	O
I	O
was	O
located	O
because	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
soldier	O
had	O
the	O
audacity	O
to	O
hand	O
them	O
candy	O
because	O
we	O
were	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
passing	O
out	O
soccer	O
balls	O
um	O
at	O
orphanages	O
/.	O


we	O
talked	O
to	O
these	O
people	O
/.	O


They	O
are	O
grateful	O
because	O
we	O
are	O
feeding	O
and	O
helping	O
to	O
train	O
these	O
people	O
to	O
take	O
over	O
the	O
responsibility	O
for	O
their	O
government	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
responsibility	O
Chris	B-PERSON
that	O
they	O
are	O
very	O
eager	O
to	O
assume	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
believe	O
this	O
is	O
to	O
me	O
/-	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
over	O
there	O
/.	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
over	O
there	O
/.	O


The	O
question	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
is	O
who	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
win	O
this	O
war	O
based	O
on	O
fighting	O
zeal	O
/?	O


We	O
saw	O
as	O
you	O
described	O
and	O
everybody	O
else	O
knows	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
the	O
minority	O
in	O
that	O
country	O
were	O
the	O
bullies	O
of	O
that	O
country	O
/.	O


They	O
ran	O
it	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
good	O
smart	O
vicious	O
bullies	O
/.	O


How	O
do	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
those	O
bullies	O
wo	O
n't	O
eventually	O
grab	O
control	O
again	O
the	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME
we	O
leave	O
Melanie	B-PERSON
/?	O


We	O
have	O
no	O
idea	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
uh	O
uh	O
uh	O
a	O
psychic	O
/.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
read	O
the	O
future	O
/.	O


But	O
what	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
is	O
that	O
when	O
I	O
talked	O
to	O
er	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
general	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
training	O
troops	O
over	O
there	O
he	O
was	O
telling	O
us	O
some	O
very	O
good	O
news	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
sixty	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
troop	O
strength	O
now	O
/.	O


um	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
where	O
they	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
attain	O
a	O
goal	O
of	O
a	B-PERCENT
hundred	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
readiness	O
they	O
're	O
at	O
sixty	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
/.	O


Um	O
they	O
're	O
making	O
progress	O
every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
/.	O


and	O
the	O
fact	O
of	O
the	O
matter	O
is	O
no	O
matter	O
how	O
many	O
times	O
they	O
are	O
killed	O
and	O
blown	O
up	O
um	O
by	O
the	O
insurgents	O
,	O
they	O
come	O
back	O
and	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
as	O
many	O
people	O
joined	O
that	O
line	O
at	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
police	O
recruiting	O
station	O
after	O
the	O
previous	O
bomb	O
explosion	O
because	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
invested	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
in	O
their	O
country	O
/.	O


you	O
can	O
not	O
breathe	O
democracy	O
at	O
these	O
people	O
without	O
them	O
breathing	O
it	O
in	O
inhaling	O
it	O
and	O
enjoying	O
and	O
wanting	O
it	O
even	O
more	O
badly	O
/.	O


The	O
same	O
question	O
to	O
you	O
Paul	B-PERSON
/.	O


You	O
know	O
in	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
Two	I-EVENT
the	O
worst	O
thing	O
that	O
happened	O
uh	O
in	O
the	O
century	O
uh	O
uh	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
army	O
was	O
bigger	O
and	O
more	O
impressive	O
than	O
the	O
German	B-NORP
army	O
/.	O


but	O
the	O
German	B-NORP
army	O
wanted	O
to	O
kill	O
/.	O


It	O
wanted	O
to	O
take	O
land	O
/.	O


it	O
had	O
revenge	O
in	O
its	O
heart	O
/.	O


It	O
had	O
that	O
ferocity	O
of	O
the	O
fighter	O
/.	O


the	O
French	B-NORP
did	O
not	O
/.	O


They	O
wanted	O
the	O
thing	O
over	O
with	O
/.	O


they	O
wanted	O
the	O
phony	O
war	O
to	O
continue	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
the	O
Shia	B-NORP
who	O
are	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
have	O
that	O
fighting	O
hatred	O
or	O
whatever	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
call	O
it	O
the	O
zeal	O
to	O
defeat	O
bullies	O
this	O
time	O
/.	O


or	O
are	O
we	O
going	O
to	O
lose	O
this	O
fight	O
/?	O


/.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
bigger	O
question	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
bigger	O
question	O
is	O
are	O
we	O
winning	O
or	O
are	O
we	O
losing	O
/?	O


Are	O
we	O
making	O
more	O
than	O
we	O
're	O
killing	O
/?	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
real	O
question	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
answer	O
/.	O


And	O
day	O
to	O
day	O
what	O
I	O
saw	O
was	O
that	O
we	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
macro-perspective	O
making	O
more	O
enemies	O
than	O
we	O
're	O
killing	O
/.	O


and	O
this	O
goes	O
beyond	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


How	O
are	O
we	O
doing	O
that	O
/?	O


What	O
did	O
you	O
see	O
/?	O


by	O
our	O
occupation	O
and	O
also	O
by	O
our	O
bullying	O
tactics	O
by	O
our	O
failure	O
to	O
offer	O
economic	O
solutions	O
and	O
diplomatic	O
solutions	O
our	O
failure	O
to	O
have	O
enough	O
interpreters	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
our	O
failure	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
secure	O
situation	O
/.	O


we	O
've	O
never	O
had	O
enough	O
troops	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
/.	O


And	O
when	O
I	O
got	O
to	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
at	O
the	O
outset	O
we	O
could	O
n't	O
provide	O
overwhelming	O
force	O
to	O
establish	O
security	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
playing	O
catchup	O
ever	O
since	O
/.	O


Should	O
we	O
have	O
gone	O
in	O
not	O
gone	O
in	O
or	O
gone	O
in	O
with	O
greater	O
strength	O
/?	O


Of	O
those	O
three	B-CARDINAL
options	O
what	O
are	O
you	O
more	O
comfortable	O
with	O
/?	O


Go	O
in	O
not	O
go	O
in	O
or	O
go	O
in	O
with	O
greater	O
strength	O
/.	O


Ah	O
as	O
a	O
solider	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
up	O
to	O
me	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
we	O
went	O
in	O
/.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
you	O
're	O
a	O
citizen	O
/.	O


What	O
should	O
we	O
have	O
done	O
/?	O


I	O
went	O
in	O
/.	O


I	O
w-	O
/-	O


Right	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
when	O
we	O
went	O
in	O
there	O
and	O
when	O
we	O
committed	O
to	O
doing	O
it	O
we	O
should	O
have	O
done	O
it	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
/.	O


and	O
Colin	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
called	O
for	O
overwhelming	O
force	O
/.	O


General	O
Shinseki	B-PERSON
said	O
we	O
needed	O
several	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
of	O
troops	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
/.	O


and	O
what	O
we	O
really	O
need	O
from	O
the	O
journalistic	O
community	O
and	O
the	O
administration	O
is	O
honest	O
candor	O
about	O
where	O
are	O
we	O
now	O
and	O
how	O
long	O
are	O
we	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
/?	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
when	O
Ms.	O
Morgan	B-PERSON
she	O
goes	O
over	O
there	O
and	O
cheerleads	O
and	O
really	O
does	O
n't	O
provide	O
an	O
accurate	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
long	O
term	O
obstacles	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
up	O
against	O
it	O
's	O
disingenuous	O
/.	O


Okay	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
president	O
last	O
question	O
Paul	B-PERSON
should	O
we	O
send	O
more	O
troops	O
over	O
there	O
or	O
bring	O
them	O
all	O
back	O
/?	O


What	O
should	O
we	O
do	O
/?	O


it	O
depends	O
on	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
achieve	O
/.	O


Well	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
achieve	O
/?	O


But	O
I	O
think	O
if	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
lock	O
down	O
a	O
security	O
situation	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
more	O
troops	O
/.	O


More	O
troops	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
political	O
/-	O


That	O
is	O
the	O
conservative	O
argument	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
hear	O
that	O
from	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Kristol	I-PERSON
John	B-PERSON
McCain	I-PERSON
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
/-	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
think	O
uh	O
Jon	B-PERSON
Kyl	I-PERSON
more	O
troops	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
with	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Rieckhoff	I-PERSON
and	O
Melanie	B-PERSON
Morgan	I-PERSON
/.	O


You	O
're	O
watching	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
only	O
on	O
MSNBC	B-ORG
/.	O


We	O
're	O
back	O
with	O
radio	O
talk	O
show	O
host	O
Melanie	B-PERSON
Morgan	I-PERSON
and	O
Iraq	B-GPE
war	O
veteren	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Rieckhoff	I-PERSON
/.	O


Melanie	B-PERSON
how	O
do	O
we	O
get	O
the	O
straight	O
scoop	O
on	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
because	O
people	O
tell	O
me	O
there	O
's	O
only	O
two	B-CARDINAL
ways	O
to	O
go	O
over	O
there	O
as	O
a	O
journalist	O
I	O
think	O
your	O
experience	O
confirms	O
this	O
you	O
either	O
go	O
over	O
there	O
and	O
stay	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
green	I-LOC
zone	I-LOC
or	O
that	O
part	O
uh	O
uh	O
which	O
is	O
very	O
secure	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
basically	O
a	O
compound	O
or	O
you	O
go	O
out	O
with	O
a	O
unit	O
as	O
uh	O
basically	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
unit	O
an	O
embedded	O
reporter	O
/.	O


You	O
never	O
really	O
get	O
to	O
mix	O
with	O
the	O
locals	O
/.	O


Uh	O
how	O
do	O
you	O
do	O
it	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
whether	O
we	O
're	O
actually	O
winning	O
the	O
uh	O
war	O
over	O
there	O
/.	O


Well	O
that	O
's	O
exactly	O
what	O
I	O
did	O
/.	O


I	O
went	O
out	O
um	O
and	O
visited	O
with	O
the	O
troops	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
went	O
outside	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
green	I-LOC
zone	I-LOC
unlike	O
uh	O
Mr.	O
Rieckhoff	B-PERSON
has	O
accused	O
me	O
of	O
doing	O
/.	O


But	O
outside	O
that	O
how	O
do	O
you	O
get	O
out	O
there	O
with	O
the	O
people	O
/?	O


Well	O
because	O
you	O
get	O
out	O
there	O
with	O
the	O
troops	O
/.	O


They	O
take	O
you	O
in	O
Humvees	B-PRODUCT
and	O
in	O
armored	O
/-	O


Then	O
you	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
Humvees	B-PRODUCT
/.	O


and	O
you	O
hand	O
out	O
soccer	O
balls	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
orphanages	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
talk	O
uh	O
and	O
hold	O
babies	O
and	O
talk	O
with	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
taking	O
care	O
of	O
them	O
/.	O


All	O
of	O
these	O
things	O
that	O
fourteen	B-CARDINAL
members	O
of	O
our	O
entourage	O
did	O
/-	O


But	O
do	O
people	O
speak	O
freely	O
when	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
Humvee	B-PRODUCT
standing	O
next	O
to	O
them	O
/?	O


from	O
Move	B-ORG
America	I-ORG
Forward	I-ORG
/.	O


Because	O
let	O
me	O
/-	O


Chris	B-PERSON
Chris	B-PERSON
/-	O


No	O
/.	O


Chris	B-PERSON
uh	O
let	O
me	O
just	O
say	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
/.	O


Before	O
Mr.	O
Rieckhoff	B-PERSON
has	O
written	O
um	O
that	O
our	O
group	O
are	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
bigots	O
idiots	O
and	O
propagandists	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
before	O
he	O
even	O
cracked	O
a	O
sweat	O
/.	O


Now	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
something	O
very	O
important	O
a	O
message	O
that	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
that	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
articulate	O
here	O
/.	O


Our	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
are	O
living	O
and	O
dying	O
in	O
ghastly	O
conditions	O
/.	O


Uh	O
it	O
's	O
hot	O
a	B-QUANTITY
hundred	I-QUANTITY
and	I-QUANTITY
twenty	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
five	I-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
/.	O


They	O
are	O
making	O
peace	O
in	O
sandstorms	O
/.	O


They	O
are	O
doing	O
their	O
dead	O
level	O
best	O
to	O
make	O
this	O
policy	O
that	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
has	O
put	O
forth	O
work	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
as	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
the	O
stories	O
that	O
I	O
tell	O
from	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
that	O
our	O
fellow	O
talk	O
show	O
hosts	O
told	O
um	O
eh	O
uh	O
hopefully	O
will	O
engender	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
more	O
patience	O
and	O
endurance	O
by	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
owe	O
our	O
troops	O
that	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
the	O
same	O
question	O
Paul	B-PERSON
/.	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
get	O
the	O
the	O
true	O
scoop	O
over	O
there	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
always	O
with	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
troops	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
do	O
you	O
ever	O
get	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
/?	O


Maybe	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
a	O
catch	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


they	O
're	O
too	O
dangerous	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
/.	O


But	O
how	O
do	O
you	O
get	O
the	O
story	O
/?	O


the	O
reality	O
is	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
Ms.	O
Morgan	B-PERSON
is	O
really	O
insulting	O
all	O
the	O
troops	O
who	O
've	O
been	O
there	O
to	O
assume	O
that	O
by	O
going	O
for	O
ten	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
and	O
taking	O
a	O
few	O
casual	O
leisurely	O
trips	O
outside	O
the	B-LOC
Green	I-LOC
Zone	I-LOC
that	O
she	O
got	O
a	O
full	O
taste	O
of	O
combat	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
reality	O
is	O
much	O
different	O
/.	O


And	O
if	O
reporters	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
some	O
investigative	O
reporting	O
they	O
can	O
fly	O
into	O
Jordan	B-GPE
and	O
go	O
unembedded	O
/.	O


Now	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
chance	O
they	O
might	O
get	O
their	O
head	O
cut	O
off	O
/.	O


But	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
reality	O
that	O
we	O
face	O
as	O
soldiers	O
every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
/.	O


I	O
think	O
really	O
the	O
best	O
way	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
is	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
the	O
troops	O
coming	O
home	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
ready	O
/.	O


we	O
're	O
willing	O
and	O
able	O
to	O
come	O
on	O
your	O
program	O
and	O
others	O
and	O
talk	O
about	O
our	O
experiences	O
and	O
really	O
try	O
to	O
educate	O
the	O
public	O
about	O
the	O
reality	O
of	O
all	O
sides	O
of	O
this	O
conflict	O
/.	O


Well	O
guess	O
what	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
exactly	O
what	O
we	O
did	O
/.	O


We	O
stuck	O
a	O
microphone	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
troops	O
/.	O


Ma'am	O
you	O
did	O
/-	O


We	O
stuck	O
a	O
microphone	O
and	O
let	O
them	O
talk	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/.	O


You	O
did	O
it	O
while	O
they	O
were	O
on	O
active	O
duty	O
/.	O


Ma'am	O
you	O
did	O
while	O
they	O
were	O
on	O
active	O
duty	O
/.	O


Unfiltered	O
by	O
the	O
main	O
stream	O
media	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
guts	O
/-	O


Are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
yell	O
over	O
me	O
the	O
entire	O
show	O
/?	O


I	O
'm	O
trying	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
/-	O


Okay	O
her	O
turn	O
first	B-ORDINAL
/.	O


Melanie	B-PERSON
your	O
turn	O
/.	O


Take	O
a	O
minute	O
Melanie	B-PERSON
/.	O


Melanie	B-PERSON
make	O
your	O
point	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
/.	O


No	O
interruptions	O
please	O
Paul	B-PERSON
/.	O


give	O
her	O
a	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME
/.	O


What	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
say	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
took	O
our	O
microphones	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
troops	O
/.	O


and	O
if	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
what	O
we	O
heard	O
from	O
them	O
are	O
lies	O
then	O
you	O
are	O
accusing	O
the	O
troops	O
of	O
being	O
liars	O
because	O
we	O
did	O
not	O
filter	O
or	O
editorialize	O
or	O
in	O
any	O
way	O
try	O
to	O
massage	O
their	O
message	O
/.	O


They	O
gave	O
us	O
the	O
story	O
as	O
they	O
see	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
it	O
then	O
you	O
are	O
doing	O
a	O
disservice	O
to	O
your	O
fellow	O
troops	O
/.	O


Ma'am	O
uh	O
uh	O
go	O
ahead	O
/.	O


Oh	O
let	O
me	O
go	O
Paul	B-PERSON
before	O
you	O
start	O
/.	O


What	O
I	O
keep	O
doing	O
here	O
is	O
asking	O
people	O
on	O
and	O
off	O
camera	O
who	O
come	O
on	O
this	O
program	O
high	O
-	O
ranking	O
officers	O
enlisted	O
uh	O
former	O
officers	O
/.	O


Uh	O
I	O
get	O
sometimes	O
not	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
two	B-CARDINAL
different	O
versions	O
the	O
version	O
they	O
give	O
me	O
on	O
the	O
air	O
and	O
the	O
version	O
they	O
give	O
me	O
the	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME
when	O
we	O
're	O
off	O
the	O
air	O
/.	O


The	O
version	O
they	O
give	O
me	O
when	O
we	O
're	O
on	O
the	O
air	O
is	O
gung	O
ho	O
we	O
're	O
doing	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
,	O
everything	O
is	O
moving	O
along	O
/.	O


The	O
version	O
they	O
give	O
me	O
off	O
the	O
air	O
is	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
is	O
crazy	O
there	O
are	O
n't	O
enough	O
troops	O
over	O
there	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
taking	O
this	O
seriously	O
enough	O
or	O
we	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
there	O
sometimes	O
/.	O


It	O
is	O
n't	O
always	O
a	O
straight	O
scoop	O
/-	O


/.	O


when	O
you	O
go	O
on	O
televsion	O
with	O
people	O
because	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
loyal	O
to	O
their	O
units	O
and	O
their	O
service	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
exactly	O
right	O
/.	O


And	O
Chris	B-PERSON
There	O
's	O
no	O
one	O
more	O
loyal	O
to	O
the	O
troops	O
than	O
I	O
am	O
/.	O


I	O
am	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
reserves	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
likelihood	O
that	O
I	O
'll	O
go	O
back	O
while	O
Ms.	O
Morgan	B-PERSON
is	O
back	O
at	O
her	O
radio	O
show	O
/.	O


So	O
what	O
I	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
educate	O
the	O
public	O
about	O
the	O
truth	O
of	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
there	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
reality	O
is	O
that	O
when	O
people	O
like	O
her	O
go	O
over	O
there	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
public	O
affairs	O
officer	O
standing	O
right	O
next	O
to	O
that	O
young	O
soldier	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
's	O
on	O
active	O
duty	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
cause	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
ca	O
n't	O
speak	O
freely	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
fact	O
/.	O


A	O
young	O
blogger	O
was	O
just	O
reprimanded	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
because	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
little	O
too	O
candid	O
/.	O


let	O
me	O
finish	O
ma'am	O
when	O
they	O
come	O
home	O
their	O
cuffs	O
/-	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
true	O
/.	O


Both	O
vehicles	O
which	O
are	O
armored	O
can	O
house	O
up	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
twenty	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
marines	O
/.	O


This	O
time	O
there	O
were	O
fifteen	B-CARDINAL
inside	O
the	O
AAV	B-PRODUCT
/.	O


Fourteen	B-CARDINAL
died	O
/.	O


and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
civilian	O
translator	O
was	O
also	O
killed	O
/.	O


Now	O
this	O
occured	O
in	O
basically	O
the	O
same	O
area	O
where	O
six	B-CARDINAL
marines	O
were	O
killed	O
yesterday	B-DATE
in	O
an	O
ambush	O
launched	O
by	O
insurgents	O
/.	O


The	O
six	B-CARDINAL
marines	O
were	O
snipers	O
located	O
on	O
a	O
roof	O
looking	O
for	O
insurgents	O
travelling	O
down	O
a	O
smuggling	O
route	O
when	O
they	O
themselves	O
were	O
surrounded	O
and	O
killed	O
by	O
insurgent	O
snipers	O
/.	O


Now	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
violence	O
has	O
been	O
located	O
in	O
an	O
area	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Euphrates	B-LOC
river	O
valley	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
smuggling	O
route	O
for	O
insurgents	O
from	O
the	O
Syrian	B-NORP
border	O
into	O
central	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


There	O
have	O
been	O
several	O
marine	O
operations	O
in	O
that	O
area	O
since	O
May	B-DATE
to	O
try	O
to	O
shut	O
down	O
those	O
smuggling	O
routes	O
/.	O


But	O
today	B-DATE
and	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
attacks	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
insurgents	O
are	O
still	O
very	O
resilient	O
/.	O


Chris	B-PERSON
/?	O


Thank	O
you	O
Mike	B-PERSON
/.	O


Now	O
to	O
politics	O
/.	O


An	O
Iraq	B-GPE
war	O
vet	O
who	O
called	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
a	O
chickenhawk	O
and	O
worse	O
lost	O
his	O
bid	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
congressman	O
from	O
Ohio	B-GPE
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
/.	O


But	O
it	O
was	O
close	O
/.	O


and	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
heavily	O
GOPed	B-ORG
district	O
it	O
flashes	O
a	O
code	O
red	O
for	O
Republicans	B-NORP
/.	O


Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
correspondent	O
David	B-PERSON
Shuster	I-PERSON
reports	O
/.	O


Tuesday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
in	O
an	O
Ohio	B-GPE
district	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
carried	O
by	O
thirty	B-QUANTITY
points	I-QUANTITY
it	O
was	O
a	O
victory	O
for	O
Rebuplican	B-NORP
anti-abortion	O
advocate	O
Jean	B-PERSON
Schmidt	I-PERSON
/.	O


Well	O
ladies	O
and	O
gentlemen	O
we	O
passed	O
the	O
test	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
GOP	B-ORG
did	O
not	O
pass	O
it	O
by	O
much	O
/.	O


Schmidt	B-PERSON
won	O
by	O
only	B-PERCENT
four	I-PERCENT
percentage	I-PERCENT
points	I-PERCENT
over	O
Democrat	B-NORP
Paul	B-PERSON
Hackett	I-PERSON
/.	O


Hackett	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
political	O
newcomer	O
and	O
a	O
veteran	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Iraq	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
/.	O


Knock	O
off	O
the	O
crying	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
nothing	O
to	O
cry	O
about	O
here	O
/.	O


This	O
was	O
a	O
success	O
/.	O


This	O
was	O
the	O
closest	O
any	O
Democratic	B-NORP
congressional	O
candidate	O
has	O
come	O
to	O
beating	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
here	O
in	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


And	O
today	B-DATE
the	B-ORG
Cincinnati	I-ORG
Inquirer	I-ORG
called	O
the	O
narrow	O
margin	O
quote	O
nothing	O
short	O
of	O
astounding	O
/.	O


The	O
central	O
issue	O
was	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


Hackett	B-PERSON
a	O
lawyer	O
and	O
a	O
marine	O
reservist	O
who	O
saw	O
combat	O
during	O
a	O
seven	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
tour	O
bluntly	O
bashed	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
calling	O
him	O
quote	O
a	O
chickenhawk	O
and	O
worse	O
quote	O
a	O
son	O
of	O
a	O
bitch	O
/.	O


Who	O
says	O
bring	O
it	O
on	O
is	O
a	O
cheerleader	O
for	O
the	O
insurgents	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
dangerous	O
/.	O


Schmidt	B-PERSON
a	O
state	O
lawmaker	O
who	O
believes	O
schools	O
should	O
display	O
the	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
commandments	O
urged	O
voters	O
to	O
punish	O
Hackett	B-PERSON
for	O
his	O
criticism	O
of	O
the	O
president	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
national	O
GOP	B-ORG
poured	O
in	O
half	B-MONEY
a	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
anti-Hackett	O
television	O
ads	O
/.	O


He	O
supports	O
raising	O
social	O
security	O
taxes	O
/.	O


The	O
effort	O
according	O
to	O
Republicans	B-NORP
was	O
to	O
help	O
Schmidt	B-PERSON
quote	O
bury	O
him	O
/.	O


But	O
it	O
was	O
an	O
extremely	O
shallow	O
grave	O
/.	O


And	O
political	O
analysts	O
say	O
the	O
closer	O
than	O
expected	O
outcome	O
offers	O
several	O
lessons	O
/.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
voters	O
now	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
receptive	O
to	O
criticism	O
of	O
the	O
administration	O
's	O
approach	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
skeptical	O
of	O
blanket	O
support	O
like	O
Schmidt	B-PERSON
's	O
/.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
track	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


and	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
stay	O
the	O
course	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
analyst	O
says	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
fourteen	B-CARDINAL
marines	O
from	O
Ohio	B-GPE
killed	O
today	B-DATE
had	O
been	O
ambushed	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
the	O
election	O
results	O
might	O
have	O
been	O
reversed	O
/.	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
Schmidt	B-PERSON
's	O
close	O
call	O
may	O
suggest	O
that	O
aligning	O
with	O
the	O
administration	O
on	O
immigration	O
and	O
social	O
security	O
is	O
precarious	O
/.	O


And	O
finally	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
advantage	O
to	O
campaigning	O
as	O
a	O
political	O
outsider	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
running	O
because	O
uh	O
I	O
actually	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
and	O
fight	O
for	O
regular	O
Americans	B-NORP
/.	O


While	O
campaigning	O
Hackett	B-PERSON
repeatedly	O
criticized	O
the	O
leadership	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
party	I-ORG
and	O
argued	O
that	O
power	O
brokers	O
including	O
Tom	B-PERSON
DeLay	I-PERSON
must	O
be	O
replaced	O
/.	O


When	O
lawmakers	O
come	O
back	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
though	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
who	O
will	O
be	O
joining	O
them	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
and	O
a	O
Democrat	B-NORP
who	O
will	O
be	O
staying	O
home	O
/.	O


The	O
question	O
is	O
was	O
the	O
anti-war	O
sentiment	O
in	O
Ohio	B-GPE
's	O
second	B-ORDINAL
congressional	O
district	O
a	O
national	O
bell	O
weather	O
signalling	O
things	O
to	O
come	O
/?	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Shuster	I-PERSON
for	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
/.	O


Joining	O
me	O
now	O
is	O
the	O
winner	O
of	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
Ohio	B-GPE
election	O
Republican	B-NORP
Congresswoman	O
-	O
elect	O
Jean	B-PERSON
Schmidt	I-PERSON
/.	O


Congresswoman	O
-	O
elect	O
thank	O
you	O
for	O
coming	O
on	O
here	O
on	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
right	O
away	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
so	O
much	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
up	O
forty	B-DATE
eight	I-DATE
hours	I-DATE
which	O
proves	O
that	O
uh	O
I	O
still	O
have	O
the	O
stamina	O
of	O
a	O
twenty	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
/.	O


Well	O
you	O
'll	O
love	O
being	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Representatives	I-ORG
/.	O


As	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
talking	O
I	O
worked	O
up	O
there	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
wonderful	O
place	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
/-	O


I	O
should	O
say	O
Democratic	B-NORP
with	O
a	O
lowercase	O
d	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
wonderful	O
place	O
to	O
work	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
this	O
/.	O


What	O
did	O
you	O
make	O
of	O
your	O
opponent	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Hackett	I-PERSON
/?	O


Well	O
/-	O


He	O
was	O
out	O
there	O
calling	O
the	O
president	O
phrases	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
never	O
heard	O
anybody	O
call	O
the	O
President	O
a	O
son	O
of	O
a	O
bitch	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
quite	O
a	O
phrase	O
/.	O


Uh	O
he	O
called	O
him	O
a	O
chickenhawk	O
/.	O


uh	O
and	O
he	O
still	O
got	O
forty	B-PERCENT
eight	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
/.	O


Well	O
well	O
he	O
did	O
that	O
with	O
the	O
national	O
media	O
eh	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
trying	O
to	O
paint	O
himself	O
in	O
the	O
Cincinnati	B-GPE
based	O
market	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
painting	O
himself	O
as	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
/.	O


If	O
you	O
looked	O
at	O
his	O
ad	O
he	O
aligned	O
himself	O
with	O
the	O
president	O
because	O
he	O
caught	O
on	O
rather	O
quick	O
uh	O
when	O
he	O
won	O
the	O
uh	O
primary	O
election	O
and	O
he	O
had	O
gone	O
on	O
a	O
radio	O
station	O
and	O
said	O
uh	O
that	O
the	O
worst	O
threat	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
was	O
not	O
Osama	B-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
but	O
the	O
President	O
that	O
uh	O
people	O
did	O
n't	O
like	O
that	O
/.	O


and	O
so	O
suddenly	O
he	O
decided	O
to	O
cloak	O
himself	O
as	O
a	O
supporter	O
of	O
the	O
President	O
in	O
his	O
tv	O
ads	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
about	O
the	O
horror	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
couple	O
of	O
days	O
in	O
Iraq	O
/.	O


A	O
batallion	O
based	O
in	O
Ohio	O
the	O
Buckeye	O
State	O
your	O
state	O
/-	O


Uh	O
twenty	O
people	O
dead	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
this	O
war	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
end	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
sense	O
here	O
at	O
home	O
much	O
less	O
popular	O
say	O
a	O
year	O
from	O
now	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
/?	O


Or	O
where	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
public	O
support	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
public	O
/-	O


First	O
off	O
my	O
heartfelt	O
condolences	O
to	O
the	O
families	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
left	O
behind	O
/.	O


I	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
pray	O
for	O
them	O
because	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
imagine	O
what	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
to	O
wake	O
up	O
and	O
realize	O
that	O
your	O
loved	O
one	O
is	O
never	O
coming	O
back	O
/.	O


But	O
uh	O
I	O
honor	O
their	O
sacrifice	O
that	O
these	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
have	O
made	O
because	O
uh	O
uh	O
our	O
freedom	O
is	O
not	O
free	O
/.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
cost	O
to	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
we	O
realized	O
that	O
when	O
we	O
woke	O
up	O
this	O
morning	O
/.	O


Having	O
said	O
that	O
uh	O
the	O
people	O
really	O
want	O
us	O
to	O
stay	O
the	O
course	O
and	O
finish	O
the	O
job	O
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
've	O
planted	O
the	O
seeds	O
of	O
democracy	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
irresponsible	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
leave	O
now	O
/.	O


The	O
insurgents	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
to	O
whip	O
the	O
public	O
sentiment	O
into	O
a	O
frenzy	O
uh	O
to	O
leave	O
when	O
it	O
's	O
too	O
soon	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
once	O
again	O
take	O
over	O
uh	O
that	O
country	O
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
're	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
track	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
course	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
finish	O
line	O
is	O
in	O
sight	O
/.	O


We	O
just	O
have	O
to	O
stay	O
the	O
course	O
/.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
won	O
your	O
congressional	O
district	O
by	O
a	O
wide	O
margin	O
something	O
like	O
two	B-CARDINAL
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
/.	O


Could	O
he	O
do	O
that	O
today	B-DATE
/?	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
still	O
could	O
/.	O


If	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
way	O
my	O
opponent	O
uh	O
painted	O
himself	O
in	O
this	O
election	O
with	O
his	O
literature	O
and	O
his	O
tv	O
and	O
radio	O
commercials	O
he	O
wrapped	O
himself	O
around	O
the	O
President	O
/.	O


The	O
public	O
in	O
this	O
very	O
short	O
election	O
cycle	O
was	O
rather	O
confused	O
as	O
to	O
who	O
the	O
real	O
Republican	B-NORP
was	O
/.	O


And	O
once	O
the	O
mask	O
was	O
taken	O
off	O
uh	O
and	O
they	O
realized	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
different	O
uh	O
then	O
they	O
uh	O
were	O
more	O
solid	O
in	O
my	O
camp	O
/.	O


But	O
uh	O
with	O
any	O
short	O
election	O
and	O
a	O
very	O
special	O
election	O
cycle	O
I	O
caution	O
anybody	O
to	O
use	O
this	O
as	O
a	O
bell	O
weather	O
uh	O
for	O
uh	O
where	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
party	I-ORG
is	O
going	O
in	O
Ohio	B-GPE
because	O
uh	O
very	O
unique	O
elections	O
make	O
outcomes	O
uh	O
very	O
very	O
different	O
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
take	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
something	O
you	O
said	O
here	O
on	O
this	O
program	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	O
see	O
if	O
you	O
still	O
think	O
this	O
way	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
not	O
solely	O
focused	O
on	O
this	O
war	O
/.	O


Maybe	O
the	O
national	O
media	O
is	O
/.	O


but	O
the	O
people	O
right	O
here	O
in	O
southern	O
Ohio	B-GPE
are	O
talking	O
about	O
issues	O
that	O
affect	O
them	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
having	O
tax	O
cuts	O
that	O
are	O
permanent	O
because	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
spend	O
their	O
own	O
money	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
government	O
to	O
/.	O


Issues	O
that	O
affect	O
them	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
loss	O
uh	O
of	O
the	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
uh	O
guys	O
over	O
there	O
servicemen	O
fighting	O
for	O
their	O
country	O
over	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
for	O
their	O
Ohio	B-GPE
based	O
unit	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
bring	O
this	O
war	O
home	O
to	O
people	O
/?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
war	O
home	O
anymore	O
differently	O
than	O
the	O
button	O
that	O
I	O
wear	O
on	O
my	O
uh	O
lapel	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
for	O
Matt	O
Moppin	O
the	O
only	O
missing	O
soldier	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


Uh	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
Ohio	B-GPE
are	O
very	O
smart	O
/.	O


They	O
understand	O
the	O
sacrifices	O
these	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
are	O
making	O
on	O
our	O
behalf	O
/.	O


But	O
they	O
also	O
want	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
other	O
issues	O
issues	O
like	O
taxes	O
and	O
tax	O
reform	O
like	O
a	O
strong	O
energy	O
policy	O
/.	O


Uh	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
national	O
issues	O
including	O
Iraq	B-GPE
but	O
also	O
border	O
patrol	O
and	O
border	O
security	O
/.	O


And	O
yesterday	B-DATE
as	O
I	O
stood	O
outside	O
the	O
polls	O
for	O
thirteen	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
uh	O
I	O
never	O
heard	O
people	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
war	O
/.	O


They	O
talked	O
about	O
issues	O
that	O
were	O
uh	O
more	O
important	O
and	O
more	O
local	O
to	O
them	O
/.	O


Okay	O
/.	O


What	O
's	O
your	O
number	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
thing	O
you	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
get	O
done	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
so	I-DATE
/?	O


My	O
number	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
thing	O
is	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
the	O
beautiful	O
second	B-ORDINAL
congressional	O
district	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
very	O
diverse	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
very	O
many	O
needs	O
/.	O


Uh	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
follow	O
Rob	B-PERSON
Portman	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
style	O
of	O
uh	O
continued	O
leadership	O
/.	O


uh	O
and	O
uh	O
I	O
'm	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
and	O
uh	O
answer	O
and	O
address	O
their	O
needs	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
manner	O
that	O
Rob	B-PERSON
Portman	I-PERSON
did	O
/.	O


But	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
specific	O
thing	O
you	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
bill	O
you	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
pass	O
the	O
only	O
policy	O
you	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
see	O
enacted	O
/?	O


There	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
/.	O


Uh	O
actually	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
address	O
sexual	O
predators	O
in	O
a	O
much	O
better	O
fashion	O
/.	O


I	O
'd	O
also	O
like	O
to	O
address	O
uh	O
eminent	O
domain	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
bills	O
already	O
in	O
place	O
for	O
that	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
'd	O
be	O
proud	O
to	O
sign	O
on	O
and	O
sponsor	O
those	O
bills	O
/.	O


Okay	O
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
Jean	B-PERSON
Schmidt	I-PERSON
/.	O


Congratulations	O
to	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
House	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Representatives	I-ORG
as	O
soon	O
as	O
she	O
's	O
sworn	O
in	O
/.	O


When	O
we	O
come	O
back	O
what	O
does	O
the	O
narrow	O
Republican	B-NORP
victory	O
in	O
Ohio	B-GPE
mean	O
for	O
the	O
President	O
/?	O


And	O
what	O
does	O
it	O
say	O
about	O
the	O
public	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
war	O
right	O
now	O
/?	O


And	O
later	O
the	O
congressional	O
committee	O
where	O
baseball	O
star	O
Raphael	B-PERSON
Romero	I-PERSON
testified	O
he	O
was	O
steroid	O
free	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
investigate	O
his	O
positive	O
steroid	O
test	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
watching	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
at	O
msnbc	B-ORG
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


More	O
on	O
that	O
congressional	O
race	O
in	O
Ohio	B-GPE
and	O
what	O
it	O
means	O
for	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
joined	O
right	O
now	O
by	O
Ohio	B-GPE
Democratic	B-NORP
congressman	O
Sherrod	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
and	O
Ohio	B-GPE
's	O
Republican	B-NORP
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Ken	B-PERSON
Blackwell	I-PERSON
who	O
's	O
also	O
a	O
candidate	O
for	O
governor	O
who	O
is	O
in	O
fact	O
a	O
candidate	O
for	O
governor	O
/.	O


Uh	O
Mr.	O
Secretary	O
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
Ken	B-PERSON
for	O
coming	O
on	O
the	O
show	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
running	O
for	O
governor	O
/.	O


Are	O
you	O
worried	O
that	O
this	O
uh	O
strongly	O
Republican	B-NORP
district	O
uh	O
barely	O
came	O
through	O
for	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
candidate	O
against	O
an	O
anti-war	O
Democrat	B-NORP
/?	O


you	O
know	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
wake	O
-	O
up	O
call	O
particularly	O
for	O
those	O
Republicans	B-NORP
that	O
campaign	O
like	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Reagan	I-PERSON
and	O
then	O
govern	O
like	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Dukakis	I-PERSON
/.	O


Uh	O
what	O
the	O
base	O
is	O
saying	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
expect	O
you	O
to	O
get	O
up	O
every	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
and	O
be	O
who	O
you	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
and	O
do	O
what	O
you	O
say	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
wake	O
-	O
up	O
call	O
/.	O


And	O
if	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
party	I-ORG
uh	O
grasps	O
that	O
then	O
we	O
will	O
go	O
about	O
the	O
business	O
of	O
reestablishing	O
the	O
line	O
of	O
distinction	O
between	O
Republicans	B-NORP
and	O
Democrats	B-NORP
particularly	O
on	O
fiscal	O
matters	O
because	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
do	O
n't	O
represent	O
change	O
/.	O


they	O
're	O
not	O
saying	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
cut	O
taxes	O
and	O
grow	O
out	O
our	O
economy	O
and	O
create	O
jobs	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
not	O
saying	O
they	O
want	O
a	O
right	O
-	O
sized	O
government	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
we	O
check	O
runaway	O
state	O
government	O
spending	O
and	O
put	O
more	O
emphasis	O
on	O
the	O
private	O
sector	O
/.	O


So	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
represent	O
any	O
change	O
but	O
the	O
change	O
of	O
being	O
from	O
the	O
outside	O
to	O
the	O
inside	O
/.	O


And	O
so	O
Republicans	B-NORP
that	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
successful	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
are	O
Republicans	B-NORP
that	O
show	O
a	O
real	O
distinction	O
between	O
the	O
status	O
quo	O
and	O
getting	O
our	O
economy	O
moving	O
again	O
by	O
cutting	O
taxes	O
and	O
right	O
-	O
sizing	O
government	O
/.	O


Okay	O
let	O
's	O
go	O
to	O
Sherrod	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
congressman	O
/.	O


uh	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
of	O
your	O
state	O
seems	O
like	O
he	O
's	O
trashing	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
who	O
's	O
running	O
a	O
half	B-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
deficit	O
for	O
not	O
being	O
a	O
real	O
conservative	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
I	O
look	O
at	O
who	O
conservatives	O
really	O
are	O
/.	O


what	O
I	O
always	O
learned	O
was	O
that	O
they	O
wanted	O
smaller	O
government	O
uh	O
not	O
no	O
national	O
debt	O
and	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
stay	O
out	O
of	O
foreign	O
entanglements	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
're	O
seeing	O
exactly	O
the	O
opposite	O
/.	O


But	O
what	O
happened	O
in	O
southwest	O
Ohio	B-GPE
Secretary	O
Blackwell	B-PERSON
's	O
right	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
wake	O
-	O
up	O
call	O
with	O
a	O
message	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Dukakis	I-PERSON
has	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
it	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
message	O
clearly	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
ethical	O
problems	O
in	O
Columbus	B-GPE
the	O
ties	O
of	O
this	O
candidate	O
that	O
barely	O
squeaked	O
through	O
this	O
election	O
when	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
carried	O
that	O
district	O
two	B-CARDINAL
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
and	O
the	O
former	O
congressman	O
carried	O
it	O
almost	O
three	B-CARDINAL
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
the	O
ties	O
she	O
had	O
to	O
Secretary	O
Blackwell	B-PERSON
to	O
Governor	O
Taft	B-PERSON
to	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
/-	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
made	O
rowboat	O
calls	O
in	O
to	O
every	O
Republican	B-NORP
voter	O
in	O
that	O
district	O
/.	O


and	O
she	O
barely	O
won	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
message	O
that	O
/-	O


What	O
does	O
that	O
mean	O
in	O
Ohio	B-GPE
/?	O


I	O
would	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
ballot	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
running	O
for	O
governor	O
if	O
I	O
were	O
Ken	B-PERSON
Blackwell	I-PERSON
or	O
anyone	O
else	O
/.	O


Did	O
you	O
associate	O
uh	O
/-	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
/-	O


not	O
much	O
internationally	O
/.	O


Congressman	O
do	O
you	O
associate	O
with	O
the	O
remarks	O
of	O
uh	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Hackett	I-PERSON
the	O
fellow	O
who	O
lost	O
the	O
race	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
who	O
used	O
terms	O
like	O
son	O
of	O
a	O
bitch	O
and	O
chicken	O
hawk	O
/?	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
those	O
are	O
appropriate	O
terms	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
the	O
President	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
with	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
uh	O
Mr.	O
Hackett	B-PERSON
/-	O


Considering	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
he	O
did	O
n't	O
think	O
the	O
war	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
idea	O
to	O
begin	O
with	O
/.	O


He	O
stood	O
with	O
his	O
commander	O
in	O
chief	O
/.	O


He	O
has	O
heard	O
the	O
President	O
and	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
accuse	O
uh	O
people	O
who	O
disagree	O
with	O
his	O
war	O
policy	O
like	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Hackett	I-PERSON
/.	O


has	O
accused	O
them	O
of	O
not	O
being	O
patriotic	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
whatever	O
Mr.	O
Hackett	B-PERSON
said	O
was	O
understandable	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
issue	O
is	O
that	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Hackett	I-PERSON
ran	O
incredibly	O
well	O
when	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
put	O
his	O
name	O
on	O
the	O
line	O
and	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Taft	I-PERSON
put	O
his	O
name	O
on	O
the	O
line	O
in	O
that	O
district	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
tells	O
you	O
then	O
the	O
problems	O
that	O
both	O
the	O
national	O
and	O
state	O
Republicans	B-NORP
have	O
/.	O


Okay	O
let	O
me	O
go	O
to	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Ken	B-PERSON
Blackwell	I-PERSON
/.	O


Mr.	O
Secretary	O
are	O
you	O
happy	O
as	O
a	O
candidate	O
for	O
governor	O
of	O
Ohio	B-GPE
with	O
the	O
way	O
this	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
fought	O
by	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/?	O


Are	O
you	O
happy	O
with	O
the	O
progress	O
and	O
prosecution	O
of	O
this	O
war	O
/?	O


First	O
Chris	B-PERSON
let	O
me	O
say	O
that	O
my	O
heart	O
aches	O
for	O
the	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
families	O
that	O
lost	O
loved	O
ones	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
forty	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
hours	I-DATE
/.	O


Uh	O
Marines	B-NORP
are	O
from	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Ohio	B-GPE
/.	O


Uh	O
what	O
I	O
am	O
for	O
is	O
firm	O
resolution	O
and	O
a	O
strategy	O
that	O
will	O
lead	O
us	O
to	O
victory	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
President	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
Secretary	O
of	O
Defense	B-ORG
and	O
all	O
others	O
who	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
offering	O
that	O
sort	O
of	O
leadership	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
have	O
those	O
same	O
objectives	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
undercut	O
that	O
resolve	O
and	O
to	O
second	B-ORDINAL
-	O
guess	O
the	O
Commander	O
in	O
Chief	O
is	O
a	O
mistake	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
just	O
say	O
to	O
you	O
Chris	B-PERSON
that	O
what	O
I	O
said	O
was	O
that	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Reagan	I-PERSON
and	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
cut	O
taxes	O
and	O
they	O
started	O
to	O
restrain	O
state	O
government	O
spending	O
/.	O


What	O
has	O
happened	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Ohio	B-GPE
is	O
that	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Taft	I-PERSON
has	O
increased	O
spending	O
and	O
he	O
has	O
in	O
fact	O
raised	O
taxes	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
anybody	O
that	O
runs	O
on	O
a	O
tax	O
raising	O
runaway	O
spending	O
platform	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
lose	O
because	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
undercut	O
our	O
base	O
/.	O


And	O
let	O
me	O
say	O
to	O
the	O
congressman	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Oversight	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Worker	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Comp	I-ORG
where	O
all	O
the	O
scandal	O
is	O
taking	O
place	O
has	O
five	B-CARDINAL
members	O
/.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
members	O
are	O
Democrats	B-NORP
/.	O


two	B-CARDINAL
are	O
Republicans	B-NORP
/.	O


and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
is	O
an	O
independent	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
who	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
is	O
/?	O


It	O
is	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Berger	I-PERSON
who	O
excuse	O
me	O
is	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
Ohio	B-GPE
uh	O
AFL	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
CIO	I-ORG
/.	O


He	O
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
DNC	B-ORG
/.	O


He	O
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ohio	I-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
/.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
bipartisan	O
scandal	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
responsible	O
and	O
bipartisan	O
leadership	O
to	O
get	O
involved	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
step	O
to	O
getting	O
towards	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
scandal	O
in	O
Columbus	B-GPE
is	O
to	O
have	O
guys	O
like	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Berger	I-PERSON
resign	O
/.	O


Okay	O
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
/.	O


Ken	B-PERSON
Blackwell	I-PERSON
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
of	O
Ohio	B-GPE
and	O
US	B-GPE
congressman	O
Sherrod	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
of	O
Ohio	B-GPE
/.	O


When	O
we	O
come	O
back	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
Mike	B-PERSON
Gowan	I-PERSON
will	O
be	O
here	O
to	O
tell	O
us	O
about	O
his	O
visit	O
to	O
Gitmo	B-FAC
/.	O


He	O
's	O
just	O
been	O
to	O
Guantanamo	B-LOC
/.	O


He	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
tell	O
us	O
what	O
it	O
smells	O
like	O
down	O
there	O
/.	O


And	O
later	O
in	O
the	O
program	O
former	O
slugger	O
Jose	B-PERSON
Conseco	I-PERSON
speaks	O
up	O
about	O
steroids	O
and	O
baseball	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
only	O
at	O
msnbc	B-ORG
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


With	O
several	O
Republican	B-NORP
senators	O
pushing	O
to	O
regulate	O
the	O
military	O
's	O
treatment	O
of	O
detainees	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
has	O
launched	O
a	O
major	O
PR	O
offensive	O
and	O
is	O
inviting	O
US	B-GPE
congressmen	O
to	O
spend	O
a	O
day	O
touring	O
the	O
detention	O
facility	O
at	O
Guantanamo	B-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
/.	O


Washington	B-ORG
Post	I-ORG
reporter	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Gowan	I-PERSON
visited	O
Gitmo	B-FAC
with	O
a	O
congressional	O
delegation	O
this	B-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
and	O
is	O
writing	O
about	O
the	O
experience	O
for	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
's	O
paper	O
/.	O


Mike	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
give	O
me	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
report	O
you	O
give	O
to	O
your	O
mother	O
your	O
friends	O
/.	O


I	O
want	O
the	O
richness	O
the	O
smell	O
the	O
color	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O
/.	O


What	O
is	O
it	O
like	O
down	O
in	O
Guantanamo	B-LOC
for	O
our	O
guys	O
watching	O
those	O
prisoners	O
and	O
interrogating	O
them	O
/?	O


What	O
's	O
it	O
like	O
for	O
the	O
prisoners	O
/?	O


Well	O
for	O
the	O
prisoners	O
uh	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
really	O
tell	O
you	O
/.	O


We	O
saw	O
a	O
very	O
sanitized	O
version	O
of	O
it	O
/.	O


Um	O
I	O
went	O
down	O
with	O
five	B-CARDINAL
lawmakers	O
/.	O


They	O
spent	O
six	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
on	O
the	O
ground	O
at	O
Gitmo	B-FAC
/.	O


And	O
then	O
we	O
saw	O
the	O
lawmakers	O
from	O
a	O
distance	O
/.	O


Uh	O
eh	O
we	O
/-	O


That	O
's	O
inappropriate	O
maybe	O
/.	O


They	O
saw	O
the	O
prisoners	O
from	O
a	O
distance	O
/.	O


Uh	O
uh	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
they	O
got	O
to	O
do	O
was	O
uh	O
they	O
visited	O
an	O
exercise	O
cage	O
with	O
a	O
concrete	O
floor	O
chain	O
link	O
uh	O
walls	O
and	O
ceilings	O
/.	O


Through	O
the	O
distance	O
you	O
could	O
see	O
like	O
one	B-CARDINAL
uh	O
detainee	O
as	O
they	O
call	O
it	O
/.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
soccer	O
ball	O
there	O
/.	O


Uh	O
they	O
sort	O
of	O
get	O
um	O
uh	O
a	O
feel	O
for	O
what	O
uh	O
recreation	O
's	O
like	O
/.	O


Now	O
we	O
're	O
told	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
that	O
for	O
an	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
everyday	B-DATE
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
come	O
back	O
/.	O


we	O
ask	O
the	O
defense	O
lawyers	O
/.	O


They	O
say	O
yes	O
but	O
that	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
comes	O
at	O
night	B-TIME
uh	O
when	O
it	O
's	O
dark	O
and	O
they	O
ca	O
n't	O
see	O
uh	O
anything	O
/.	O


But	O
as	O
you	O
suggested	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
these	O
tours	O
/.	O


There	O
have	O
been	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
fifty	I-CARDINAL
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
thirty	I-CARDINAL
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
/.	O


Uh	O
that	O
's	O
such	O
a	O
regular	O
thing	O
down	O
there	O
now	O
that	O
we	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
maximum	O
security	O
unit	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
doors	O
was	O
open	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
why	O
's	O
the	O
door	O
open	O
/?	O


And	O
you	O
walk	O
up	O
to	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
sign	O
on	O
it	O
that	O
says	O
tour	O
cell	O
/.	O
/.	O


So	O
they	O
're	O
used	O
to	O
uh	O
having	O
people	O
come	O
through	O
/.	O


You	O
go	O
into	O
a	O
sample	O
cell	O
where	O
they	O
have	O
the	O
prisoners	O
'	O
uh	O
basic	O
items	O
comfort	O
items	O
laid	O
out	O
/.	O


and	O
hanging	O
off	O
the	O
wall	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
book	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
says	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Holy	I-WORK_OF_ART
Koran	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


So	O
the	O
idea	O
is	O
to	O
show	O
uh	O
lawmakers	O
the	O
better	O
part	O
of	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
there	O
/.	O


Each	O
of	O
the	O
guides	O
pointed	O
out	O
to	O
us	O
the	O
black	O
uh	O
arrows	O
that	O
you	O
see	O
everywhere	O
are	O
showing	O
where	O
Mecca	B-GPE
is	O
/.	O


They	O
point	O
out	O
to	O
us	O
that	O
five	B-CARDINAL
times	O
a	O
day	O
uh	O
the	O
pipe	O
call	O
to	O
prayer	O
is	O
piped	O
in	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
free	O
to	O
join	O
no	O
matter	O
what	O
else	O
uh	O
they	O
're	O
doing	O
/.	O


what	O
did	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
that	O
you	O
could	O
n't	O
Mike	B-PERSON
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
liked	O
to	O
have	O
seen	O
a	O
detainee	O
as	O
they	O
're	O
called	O
/.	O


Um	O
uh	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
talk	O
to	O
any	O
detainees	O
/.	O


The	O
uh	O
congressmen	O
uh	O
who	O
had	O
security	O
clearances	O
did	O
see	O
a	O
brief	O
uh	O
interrogation	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
the	O
military	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
authentic	O
/.	O


Uh	O
basically	O
it	O
was	O
an	O
inmate	O
who	O
was	O
arguing	O
that	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
uh	O
get	O
back	O
/-	O


He	O
fought	O
or	O
something	O
/.	O


He	O
'd	O
been	O
moved	O
into	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
stiffer	O
uh	O
areas	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
was	O
arguing	O
to	O
get	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
lower	O
ones	O
/.	O


But	O
they	O
make	O
a	O
big	O
deal	O
about	O
how	O
much	O
negotiating	O
is	O
been	O
doing	O
/.	O


They	O
say	O
they	O
use	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
positive	O
reinforcements	O
/.	O


Offer	O
these	O
guys	O
pizza	O
,	O
offer	O
these	O
guys	O
ice	O
cream	O
um	O
in	O
return	O
for	O
information	O
/.	O


Now	O
what	O
the	O
congressmen	O
are	O
asking	O
after	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
how	O
much	O
really	O
useful	O
information	O
do	O
these	O
guys	O
have	O
/?	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
problems	O
/.	O


a	O
new	O
general	O
Jay	B-PERSON
Hood	I-PERSON
who	O
's	O
down	O
there	O
clearly	O
wants	O
to	O
shape	O
this	O
place	O
up	O
/.	O


Does	O
n't	O
want	O
an	B-FAC
Abu	I-FAC
Ghraib	I-FAC
on	O
his	O
hands	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
cameras	O
everywhere	O
/.	O


The	O
command	O
staff	O
works	O
inside	O
the	O
wire	O
/.	O


But	O
a	O
separate	O
question	O
beyond	O
the	O
guys	O
who	O
are	O
working	O
down	O
there	O
is	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
with	O
these	O
people	O
/?	O


And	O
uh	O
the	O
military	O
will	O
admit	O
to	O
you	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
it	O
looks	O
like	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
people	O
that	O
are	O
currently	O
there	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
indefinitely	O
and	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
charges	O
against	O
them	O
/.	O


Okay	O
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Gowan	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
/.	O


Up	O
next	O
is	O
it	O
time	O
for	O
Congress	B-ORG
to	O
step	O
in	O
and	O
straighten	O
out	O
steroid	O
use	O
in	O
professional	O
baseball	O
/?	O


How	O
about	O
getting	O
rid	O
of	O
it	O
/?	O


This	O
is	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
only	O
on	O
msnbc	B-ORG
/.	O


Good	O
evening	B-TIME
everyone	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
Collette	B-PERSON
Cassidy	I-PERSON
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
/.	O


Fourteen	B-CARDINAL
US	B-GPE
marines	O
were	O
killed	O
when	O
their	O
vehicle	O
hit	O
a	O
roadside	O
bomb	O
near	O
Haditha	B-GPE
in	O
western	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
deadliest	O
such	O
attack	O
yet	O
on	O
American	B-NORP
forces	O
/.	O


All	O
fourteen	O
marines	O
were	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
reserve	O
unit	O
based	O
near	O
Cleveland	B-GPE
Ohio	B-GPE
/.	O


Another	O
six	B-CARDINAL
marines	O
from	O
that	O
same	O
unit	O
were	O
killed	O
in	O
an	O
ambush	O
in	O
Haditha	B-GPE
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
/.	O


Discovery	B-PRODUCT
astronaut	O
Steven	B-PERSON
Robinson	I-PERSON
easily	O
removed	O
two	B-CARDINAL
worrisome	O
pieces	O
of	O
gap	O
filler	O
material	O
from	O
under	O
the	O
shuttle	O
/.	O


There	O
was	O
concern	O
it	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
repeat	O
of	O
the	O
Columbia	B-PRODUCT
disaster	O
during	O
re-entry	O
/.	O


Meantime	O
@NASA	B-ORG
says	O
it	O
may	O
decide	O
by	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
whether	O
another	O
space	O
walk	O
will	O
be	O
needed	O
to	O
fix	O
torn	O
thermal	O
blanket	O
that	O
blew	O
a	O
cockpit	O
window	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
concern	O
it	O
could	O
also	O
pose	O
a	O
danger	O
during	O
re-entry	O
/.	O


And	O
Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
release	O
from	O
home	O
confinement	O
and	O
her	O
electronic	O
ankle	O
bracelet	O
has	O
now	O
been	O
delayed	O
three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
until	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
/.	O


That	O
's	O
after	O
she	O
reportedly	O
showed	O
up	O
at	O
a	O
yoga	O
class	O
near	O
her	O
estate	O
north	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
/.	O


Those	O
are	O
your	O
headlines	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
Collette	B-PERSON
Cassidy	I-PERSON
/.	O


Now	O
back	O
to	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Back	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
some	O
of	O
baseball	O
's	O
most	O
well	O
known	O
superstars	O
were	O
called	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
to	O
testify	O
on	O
steroid	O
use	O
in	O
major	B-ORG
league	I-ORG
baseball	I-ORG
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
hot	O
seat	O
denying	O
he	O
ever	O
used	O
steroids	O
was	O
Rafael	B-PERSON
Palmeiro	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Baltimore	I-ORG
Orioles	I-ORG
/.	O


My	O
name	O
is	O
Rafael	B-PERSON
Palmeiro	I-PERSON
/.	O


and	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
professional	O
baseball	O
player	O
/.	O


I	O
will	O
be	O
brief	O
in	O
my	O
remarks	O
today	B-DATE
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
start	O
by	O
telling	O
you	O
this	O
I	O
have	O
never	O
used	O
steroids	O
period	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
say	O
it	O
any	O
more	O
clearly	O
than	O
that	O
/.	O


Never	O
/.	O


Major	B-ORG
league	I-ORG
baseball	I-ORG
does	O
n't	O
agree	O
/.	O


The	O
league	O
suspended	O
Palmeiro	B-PERSON
for	O
ten	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
for	O
flunking	O
a	O
drug	O
test	O
/.	O


The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
today	B-DATE
reported	O
he	O
had	O
a	O
potent	O
steroid	O
in	O
his	O
system	O
.	O
The	O
same	O
that	O
caused	O
Canadian	B-NORP
sprinter	O
Ben	B-PERSON
Johnson	I-PERSON
to	O
lose	O
his	O
Olympic	B-EVENT
gold	O
medal	O
back	O
in	O
eighty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
/.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
on	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
former	O
major	O
leaguer	O
Jose	B-PERSON
Conseco	I-PERSON
who	O
wrote	O
about	O
injecting	O
Palmeiro	B-PERSON
with	O
steroids	O
in	O
his	O
book	O
Juiced	B-WORK_OF_ART
responded	O
to	O
his	O
suspension	O
/.	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
careful	O
now	O
because	O
uh	O
the	O
extensions	O
may	O
be	O
too	O
extreme	O
/.	O


For	O
example	O
if	O
Palmeiro	B-PERSON
is	O
abiding	O
by	O
the	O
rules	O
,	O
if	O
Palmeiro	B-PERSON
is	O
not	O
using	O
steroids	O
right	O
now	O
and	O
a	O
metabolyte	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
in	O
his	O
system	O
he	O
's	O
found	O
guilty	O
which	O
makes	O
no	O
sense	O
/.	O


But	O
that	O
's	O
his	O
fault	O
/.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
the	O
players	O
/-	O


is	O
n't	O
that	O
his	O
fault	O
Jose	B-PERSON
if	O
he	O
said	O
he	O
never	O
ever	O
used	O
steroids	O
then	O
he	O
tests	O
positive	O
.	O
And	O
then	O
he	O
says	O
oh	O
that	O
's	O
from	O
a	O
previous	O
drug	O
use	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
his	O
contradiction	O
that	O
he	O
created	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
/?	O


Well	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
contradiction	O
on	O
one	B-CARDINAL
subject	O
matter	O
/.	O


On	O
one	B-CARDINAL
time	O
frame	O
and	O
not	O
on	O
another	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
many	O
athletes	O
who	O
uh	O
once	O
this	O
drug	O
testing	O
program	O
was	O
instituted	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
found	O
uh	O
guilty	O
/.	O


Uh	O
their	O
urine	O
sample	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
come	O
out	O
positive	O
because	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
strong	O
metabolytes	O
/.	O


But	O
why	O
do	O
n't	O
they	O
just	O
say	O
I	O
used	O
/-	O


But	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
mean	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
abiding	O
by	O
the	O
rules	O
/.	O


Okay	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
interrupt	O
you	O
Dan	B-PERSON
/.	O


but	O
why	O
do	O
n't	O
they	O
admit	O
they	O
broke	O
the	O
rules	O
before	O
so	O
the	O
new	O
drug	O
test	O
will	O
be	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
positive	O
because	O
of	O
previous	O
use	O
/.	O


then	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
nailed	O
again	O
/?	O


It	O
's	O
very	O
simple	O
/.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
enough	O
information	O
enough	O
knowledge	O
on	O
how	O
long	O
a	O
metabolyte	O
lasts	O
in	O
an	O
athlete	O
's	O
system	O
/.	O


Well	O
now	O
the	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
uh	I-ORG
Government	I-ORG
Reform	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
which	O
held	O
those	O
hearings	O
back	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
is	O
requesting	O
from	O
Major	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
Baseball	I-ORG
the	O
documents	O
relating	O
to	O
Palmeiro	B-PERSON
's	O
drug	O
test	O
/.	O


They	O
want	O
the	O
drug	O
test	O
results	O
on	O
paper	O
/.	O


And	O
Palmeiro	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
will	O
cooperate	O
with	O
the	O
committee	O
/.	O


Congressman	O
Steven	B-PERSON
Lynch	I-PERSON
of	O
Massachusetts	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
committee	O
and	O
is	O
now	O
with	O
us	O
from	O
Boston	B-GPE
/.	O


Congressman	O
Lynch	B-PERSON
are	O
you	O
uh	O
uh	O
/-	O


uh	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
hold	O
of	O
those	O
documents	O
those	O
drug	O
test	O
results	O
right	O
from	O
Palmeiro	B-PERSON
/?	O


Certainly	O
uh	O
it	O
would	O
answer	O
the	O
question	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Canseco	B-PERSON
has	O
raised	O
about	O
how	O
long	O
uh	O
it	O
was	O
in	O
his	O
system	O
and	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
it	O
was	O
from	O
a	O
residual	O
use	O
/.	O


What	O
difference	O
does	O
it	O
make	O
whether	O
he	O
lied	O
before	O
and	O
was	O
using	O
before	O
and	O
is	O
found	O
out	O
now	O
or	O
he	O
's	O
been	O
using	O
lately	O
/?	O


Well	O
if	O
he	O
was	O
using	O
steroids	O
during	O
his	O
testimony	O
or	O
prior	O
to	O
his	O
testimony	O
obviously	O
he	O
has	O
committed	O
perjury	O
and	O
has	O
tried	O
to	O
mislead	O
the	O
Congress	B-ORG
in	O
an	O
ongoing	O
investigation	O
/.	O


So	O
uh	O
it	O
has	O
uh	O
a	O
lot	O
to	O
do	O
about	O
what	O
happens	O
next	O
/.	O


Would	O
you	O
like	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
charged	O
with	O
perjury	O
uh	O
if	O
there	O
's	O
evidence	O
now	O
hard	O
evidence	O
to	O
a	O
drug	O
test	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
fact	O
using	O
steroids	O
back	O
then	O
before	O
the	O
testimony	O
/?	O


Because	O
there	O
's	O
only	O
two	B-CARDINAL
options	O
here	O
as	O
you	O
point	O
out	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
elucidate	O
this	O
/.	O


If	O
he	O
's	O
used	O
the	O
drugs	O
and	O
never	O
used	O
them	O
before	O
since	O
the	O
hearings	O
that	O
's	O
almost	O
insane	O
to	O
think	O
he	O
did	O
that	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


So	O
uh	O
his	O
defense	O
or	O
the	O
defense	O
that	O
Canseco	B-PERSON
offered	O
on	O
this	O
show	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
was	O
that	O
he	O
may	O
have	O
used	O
them	O
a	O
while	O
ago	O
in	O
other	O
words	O
before	O
he	O
testified	O
that	O
he	O
never	O
had	O
,	O
therefore	O
he	O
's	O
guilty	O
of	O
perjury	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
if	O
Canseco	B-PERSON
is	O
just	O
offering	O
his	O
opinion	O
uh	O
uh	O
/.	O


Certainly	O
Palmeiro	B-PERSON
never	O
contested	O
the	O
positive	O
result	O
on	O
the	O
test	O
/.	O


Uh	O
so	O
we	O
have	O
n't	O
actually	O
got	O
him	O
in	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
agreed	O
today	B-DATE
verbally	O
to	O
release	O
all	O
the	O
documents	O
/.	O


However	O
I	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
committee	O
needs	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
similar	O
release	O
from	O
the	O
union	O
because	O
the	O
confidentiality	O
agreement	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
collective	O
bargaining	O
agreement	O
/.	O


so	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
that	O
step	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
but	O
assuming	O
you	O
get	O
by	O
that	O
step	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
this	O
guy	O
should	O
be	O
hit	O
with	O
a	O
perjury	O
charge	O
/?	O


Well	O
if	O
he	O
meets	O
the	O
requirements	O
yes	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
process	O
/.	O


When	O
people	O
come	O
before	O
Congress	B-ORG
and	O
they	O
are	O
sworn	O
to	O
testify	O
truthfully	O
there	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
consequences	O
when	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
do	O
so	O
/.	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
about	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	O
congressional	O
process	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
about	O
going	O
after	O
Mr.	O
Palmeiro	B-PERSON
/.	O


We	O
had	O
Ray	B-PERSON
Garibaldi	I-PERSON
on	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
who	O
lost	O
his	O
son	O
to	O
uh	O
steroid	O
use	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
an	O
athlete	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
young	O
man	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
using	O
steroids	O
to	O
get	O
ahead	O
in	O
that	O
uh	O
baseball	O
career	O
/.	O


Uh	O
there	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
young	O
people	O
out	O
there	O
now	O
watching	O
this	O
program	O
right	O
now	O
probably	O
who	O
may	O
be	O
in	O
their	O
eighteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
era	O
from	B-DATE
eighteen	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
/.	O


They	O
're	O
thinking	O
about	O
how	O
they	O
can	O
break	O
into	O
the	O
big	O
leagues	O
/.	O


is	O
this	O
ten	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
suspension	O
enough	O
to	O
turn	O
them	O
off	O
to	O
drugs	O
/?	O


It	O
's	O
really	O
a	O
joke	O
if	O
you	O
think	O
about	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
if	O
a	O
non-athlete	O
a	O
non-celebrity	O
is	O
uh	O
convicted	O
of	O
simple	O
possession	O
of	O
a	O
schedule	B-LAW
three	I-LAW
substance	O
like	O
these	O
steroids	O
uh	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
potential	O
for	O
a	O
year	O
in	O
jail	O
/.	O


eh	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
Palmeiro	B-PERSON
's	O
looking	O
at	O
a	O
ten	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
suspension	O
/.	O


He	O
still	O
makes	O
over	B-MONEY
two	I-MONEY
point	I-MONEY
eight	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
/.	O


Uh	O
He	O
's	O
uh	O
rumored	O
to	O
be	O
considered	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Hall	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Fame	I-ORG
/.	O


So	O
uh	O
the	O
penalty	O
in	O
baseball	O
is	O
really	O
an	O
incentive	O
uh	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
chance	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
there	O
's	O
very	O
little	O
consequences	O
uh	O
other	O
than	O
his	O
reputation	O
of	O
course	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Palmeiro	B-PERSON
/.	O


You	O
're	O
not	O
at	O
all	O
prejudiced	O
being	O
a	O
Sox	B-ORG
fan	O
,	O
are	O
you	O
here	O
/?	O


/.	O


I	O
'm	O
serious	O
/.	O


Well	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
might	O
be	O
tougher	O
on	O
him	O
/-	O


I	O
'll	O
take	O
the	O
/-	O
/.	O


Would	O
you	O
be	O
just	O
as	O
tough	O
on	O
a	O
Sox	B-ORG
player	O
/?	O


Oh	O
of	O
course	O
of	O
course	O
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
take	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
something	O
that	O
Jose	B-PERSON
Canseco	I-PERSON
said	O
here	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
/.	O


I	O
want	O
people	O
to	O
understand	O
/.	O


I	O
said	O
this	O
many	O
times	O
/.	O


My	O
attack	O
was	O
never	O
on	O
these	O
athletes	O
/.	O


Uh	O
I	O
respect	O
these	O
athletes	O
greatly	O
/.	O


What	O
I	O
needed	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
these	O
athletes	O
who	O
I	O
name	O
in	O
the	O
actual	O
book	O
who	O
are	O
well	O
known	O
uh	O
individuals	O
to	O
come	O
forth	O
and	O
say	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
Jose	B-PERSON
's	O
saying	O
is	O
one	B-PERCENT
hundred	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
true	O
/.	O


Um	O
my	O
major	O
attack	O
and	O
my	O
only	O
attack	O
was	O
on	O
Major	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
Baseball	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Player	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
because	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
they	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
you	O
know	O
exploited	O
and	O
found	O
out	O
for	O
uh	O
the	O
corrupt	O
methods	O
they	O
use	O
for	O
letting	O
steroids	O
in	O
the	O
game	O
for	O
endorsing	O
steroids	O
in	O
the	O
game	O
of	O
baseball	O
/.	O


And	O
all	O
of	O
a	O
sudden	O
you	O
know	O
Bud	B-PERSON
Segal	I-PERSON
says	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
anything	O
about	O
it	O
/.	O


I	O
never	O
say	O
anything	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
ridiculous	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
biggest	O
ongoing	O
joke	O
on	O
the	O
planet	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


Congressman	O
Lynch	B-PERSON
you	O
're	O
concerned	O
about	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
labor	O
and	O
collective	O
bargaining	O
agreements	O
/.	O


And	O
certainly	O
many	O
of	O
us	O
are	O
here	O
as	O
well	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
generally	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
so	O
I	O
respect	O
you	O
/.	O


so	O
let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
this	O
though	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
the	O
unions	O
have	O
done	O
the	O
job	O
here	O
/?	O


Is	O
it	O
fair	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
Canseco	B-PERSON
's	O
got	O
it	O
right	O
by	O
saying	O
the	B-ORG
Player	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
has	O
not	O
been	O
aggressive	O
in	O
getting	O
rid	O
of	O
steroids	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
union	O
problem	O
/.	O


Why	O
not	O
a	O
union	O
/-	O


/.	O


Why	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
a	O
union	O
problem	O
/?	O


Well	O
well	O
/-	O


If	O
they	O
're	O
protecting	O
the	O
players	O
'	O
rights	O
and	O
saying	O
they	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
tested	O
/.	O


You	O
watch	O
those	O
lawyers	O
in	O
your	O
committee	O
/.	O


they	O
were	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
place	O
trying	O
to	O
defend	O
eh	O
the	O
players	O
/.	O


Hey	O
I	O
'm	O
a	O
former	O
union	O
president	O
myself	O
and	O
also	O
an	O
attorney	O
that	O
represented	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
unions	O
/.	O


I	O
always	O
thought	O
a	O
very	O
strong	O
anti-drug	O
policy	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
thing	O
for	O
my	O
union	O
members	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
case	O
where	O
they	O
have	O
turned	O
a	O
blind	O
eye	O
to	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
in	O
professional	O
sports	O
/.	O


But	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
the	O
typical	O
position	O
of	O
unions	O
/.	O


No	O
/.	O


They	O
usually	O
want	O
a	O
strong	O
anti-drug	O
policy	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
better	O
workforce	O
/.	O


Well	O
of	O
course	O
it	O
's	O
also	O
for	O
safety	O
reasons	O
at	O
the	O
workplace	O
/.	O


But	O
let	O
's	O
get	O
back	O
to	O
MLB	B-ORG
Major	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
Baseball	I-ORG
/.	O


do	O
you	O
believe	O
the	O
whole	O
major	O
league	O
uh	O
establishment	O
has	O
been	O
benefitting	O
from	O
all	O
these	O
homeruns	O
all	B-DATE
these	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
big	O
muscles	O
that	O
produce	O
these	O
homeruns	O
/?	O


Absolutely	O
/.	O


Following	O
the	O
strike	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
thing	O
that	O
brought	O
people	O
back	O
to	O
baseball	O
was	O
the	O
big	O
homerun	O
contest	O
between	O
Sosa	B-PERSON
and	O
Maguire	B-PERSON
eh	O
.	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
very	O
real	O
way	O
steroid	O
use	O
/.	O


if	O
those	O
two	B-CARDINAL
gentlemen	O
uh	O
you	O
know	O
were	O
guilty	O
of	O
it	O
and	O
there	O
's	O
some	O
evidence	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
uh	O
they	O
put	O
people	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
seats	O
/.	O


So	O
baseball	O
is	O
benefitting	O
by	O
the	O
performance	O
enhancement	O
of	O
the	O
individual	O
players	O
which	O
makes	O
it	O
even	O
more	O
troublesome	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
eradicating	O
steroid	O
use	O
/.	O


Congressman	O
when	O
you	O
and	O
I	O
were	O
growing	O
up	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
fifties	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
sixties	I-DATE
baseball	O
players	O
were	O
skinny	O
wiry	O
guys	O
/.	O


They	O
weighed	O
under	B-QUANTITY
two	I-QUANTITY
hundred	I-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
it	O
was	O
drug	O
use	O
or	O
weight	O
training	O
that	O
got	O
them	O
so	O
strong	O
and	O
big	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
both	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
some	O
steroid	O
use	O
out	O
there	O
now	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
probably	O
have	O
it	O
moving	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
direction	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
if	O
we	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
serious	O
penalties	O
like	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Olympic	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
has	O
that	O
uh	O
we	O
can	O
do	O
this	O
/.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Davis	I-PERSON
uh	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
from	O
Virginia	B-GPE
and	O
Henry	B-PERSON
Waxman	I-PERSON
from	O
California	B-GPE
have	O
the	B-LAW
Clean	I-LAW
Sports	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
that	O
we	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
put	O
through	O
Congress	B-ORG
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


so	O
I	O
think	O
this	O
may	O
help	O
us	O
this	O
recent	O
revelation	O
uh	O
about	O
a	O
player	O
who	O
had	O
everything	O
to	O
lose	O
but	O
who	O
still	O
apparently	O
put	O
steroids	O
in	O
his	O
body	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
he	O
had	O
the	B-ORG
Hall	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Fame	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
hits	O
and	O
the	O
endorsements	O
and	O
uh	O
really	O
the	O
respect	O
and	O
admiration	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
country	O
/.	O


Okay	O
/.	O


Is	O
Rafael	B-PERSON
Palmeiro	I-PERSON
in	O
trouble	O
with	O
your	O
committee	O
sir	O
/?	O


He	O
may	O
be	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
too	O
early	O
to	O
say	O
/.	O


Okay	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
Congressman	O
Steven	B-PERSON
Lynch	I-PERSON
Democrat	B-NORP
of	O
Massachusetts	B-GPE
/.	O


Coming	O
up	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
gallop	B-ORG
poll	O
shows	O
a	O
big	O
lead	O
for	O
both	O
John	B-PERSON
McCain	I-PERSON
and	O
Rudy	B-PERSON
Giuliani	I-PERSON
in	O
presidential	O
matchups	O
with	O
guess	O
who	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Rodham	I-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
/.	O


Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
only	O
on	O
msnbc	B-ORG
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


Fourteen	B-CARDINAL
American	B-NORP
troops	O
were	O
killed	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
when	O
a	O
roadside	O
bomb	O
ripped	O
through	O
their	O
lightly	O
armored	O
vehicle	O
/.	O


And	O
earlier	B-TIME
today	I-TIME
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
again	O
rejected	O
calls	O
for	O
a	O
timetable	O
for	O
withdrawal	O
of	O
US	B-GPE
troops	O
from	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


The	O
violence	O
in	O
recent	O
days	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
grim	O
reminder	O
of	O
the	O
enemies	O
we	O
face	O
/.	O


These	O
terrorists	O
and	O
insurgents	O
will	O
use	O
brutal	O
tactics	O
because	O
they	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
shake	O
the	O
will	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
America	I-GPE
/.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


They	O
want	O
us	O
to	O
retreat	O
/.	O


They	O
want	O
us	O
in	O
our	O
compassion	O
for	O
the	O
innocent	O
say	O
we	O
're	O
through	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
they	O
want	O
/.	O


They	O
will	O
fail	O
/.	O


Democratic	B-NORP
political	O
strategist	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Shrum	I-PERSON
is	O
now	O
a	O
senior	O
fellow	O
at	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Graduate	B-ORG
School	I-ORG
in	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
/.	O


Ed	B-PERSON
Rogers	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
political	O
consultant	O
who	O
served	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Bush	B-PERSON
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
/.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
make	O
of	O
that	O
Ed	B-PERSON
the	O
president	O
's	O
speech	O
today	B-DATE
/?	O


Because	O
everywhere	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
we	O
're	O
hearing	O
that	O
although	O
there	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
timetable	O
set	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
beginning	O
to	O
be	O
pull	O
out	O
our	O
troops	O
come	O
next	O
spring	O
after	O
the	O
elections	O
over	O
there	O
/.	O


Well	O
you	O
're	O
hearing	O
that	O
in	O
bits	O
and	O
pieces	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
can	O
believe	O
that	O
/.	O


or	O
you	O
can	O
believe	O
what	O
the	O
president	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
shaken	O
,	O
his	O
resolve	O
is	O
there	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
timetable	O
/.	O


From	O
a	O
top	O
general	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
got	O
to	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
right	O
/.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
timetable	O
/.	O


Uh	O
and	O
if	O
we	O
were	O
to	O
telegraph	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
only	O
be	O
encouragement	O
/.	O


it	O
would	O
only	O
be	O
aiding	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
want	O
us	O
to	O
get	O
out	O
and	O
the	O
terrorists	O
and	O
the	O
killers	O
uh	O
that	O
want	O
us	O
to	O
leave	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
exactly	O
inconsistent	O
/.	O


Bob	B-PERSON
Shrum	I-PERSON
the	O
President	O
did	O
not	O
shoot	O
down	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
begin	O
to	O
remove	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
troops	O
back	O
home	O
after	O
the	O
elections	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
read	O
what	O
he	O
's	O
saying	O
/?	O


Well	O
they	O
're	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
timing	O
this	O
timetable	O
issue	O
/.	O


The	O
fact	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
major	O
generals	O
who	O
are	O
sending	O
out	O
the	O
very	O
signals	O
that	O
Ed	B-PERSON
says	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
afford	O
to	O
send	O
out	O
because	O
there	O
's	O
so	O
much	O
dissatisfaction	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
for	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
/.	O


The	O
answer	O
to	O
failure	O
is	O
not	O
to	O
perpetuate	O
it	O
/.	O


And	O
either	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
as	O
Senator	O
Biden	B-PERSON
has	O
said	O
,	O
as	O
Senator	O
Kerry	B-PERSON
has	O
said	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
capacity	O
in	O
a	O
serious	O
way	O
to	O
defend	O
themselves	O
or	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
/.	O


And	O
if	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
have	O
an	O
indefinite	O
American	B-NORP
presence	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


It	O
wo	O
n't	O
work	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
country	O
wo	O
n't	O
accept	O
it	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
about	O
this	O
election	O
we	O
just	O
had	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


Eh	O
we	O
all	O
love	O
bi-elections	O
because	O
we	O
try	O
to	O
find	O
something	O
in	O
the	O
tea	O
leaves	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


Fifty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
forty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
eight	I-CARDINAL
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
won	O
in	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
district	O
narrower	O
victory	O
than	O
usual	O
/.	O


But	O
what	O
's	O
interesting	O
is	O
this	O
guy	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Hackett	I-PERSON
who	O
was	O
on	O
this	O
show	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
used	O
the	O
most	O
amazing	O
language	O
in	O
describing	O
the	O
President	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/.	O


He	O
called	O
him	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
use	O
this	O
phrase	O
often	O
son	O
of	O
a	O
bitch	O
/.	O


I	O
understand	O
/.	O


He	O
called	O
him	O
a	O
chickenhawk	O
/.	O


We	O
know	O
what	O
that	O
means	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
still	O
got	O
forty	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
eight	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
/.	O


Ed	O
Rogers	O
/.	O


Well	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
lot	O
about	O
this	O
race	O
that	O
was	O
an	O
aberration	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
articulate	O
candidate	O
/.	O


He	O
used	O
some	O
harsh	O
language	O
that	O
I	O
would	O
disagree	O
with	O
/.	O


but	O
nonetheless	O
he	O
had	O
a	O
legitimate	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
darling	O
of	O
the	O
media	O
and	O
of	O
the	O
left	O
/.	O


He	O
had	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
resources	O
in	O
a	O
special	O
election	O
where	O
there	O
was	O
turnout	O
that	O
was	O
less	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
what	O
would	O
normally	O
turn	O
out	O
in	O
a	O
normal	O
election	O
in	O
a	O
regularly	O
scheduled	O
election	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
should	O
n't	O
take	O
too	O
much	O
comfort	O
in	O
an	O
election	O
where	O
they	O
just	O
got	O
beat	O
versus	O
an	O
election	O
where	O
they	O
got	O
slaughtered	O
/.	O


So	O
/-	O


Bob	B-PERSON
Shrum	I-PERSON
what	O
do	O
you	O
make	O
of	O
this	O
/?	O


/.	O


That	O
was	O
a	O
nice	O
piece	O
of	O
spin	O
Ed	B-PERSON
/.	O


but	O
the	O
fact	O
is	O
that	O
/-	O


But	O
it	O
was	O
all	O
true	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
/-	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
nice	O
piece	O
of	O
spin	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
fact	O
is	O
that	O
district	O
is	O
normally	O
won	O
by	O
Republicans	B-NORP
by	O
forty	B-CARDINAL
points	O
/.	O


They	O
won	O
by	O
four	B-CARDINAL
points	O
/.	O


If	O
you	O
see	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
shift	O
or	O
anything	O
approaching	O
that	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
or	O
something	O
much	O
less	O
than	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
see	O
nineteen	B-DATE
ninety	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
in	O
reverse	O
/.	O


And	O
what	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
really	O
reflects	O
is	O
not	O
any	O
language	O
that	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Hackett	I-PERSON
used	O
/-	O


/.	O


He	O
might	O
have	O
actually	O
done	O
better	O
had	O
he	O
not	O
said	O
some	O
of	O
those	O
things	O
/.	O


What	O
it	O
really	O
reflects	O
is	O
dissatisfaction	O
with	O
the	O
war	O
a	O
failed	O
privatization	O
plan	O
on	O
social	O
security	O
and	O
a	O
sense	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
has	O
put	O
no	O
priority	O
on	O
healthcare	O
and	O
education	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
people	O
want	O
some	O
action	O
on	O
those	O
things	O
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
talk	O
Republicans	B-NORP
/.	O


I	O
love	O
the	O
new	O
gallop	B-ORG
poll	O
/.	O


It	O
just	O
came	O
out	O
today	B-DATE
/.	O


It	O
shows	O
that	O
Rudy	B-PERSON
Giuliani	I-PERSON
has	O
got	O
a	O
sixty	B-PERCENT
four	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
favor	O
in	O
this	O
environment	O
when	O
everybody	O
's	O
tough	O
on	O
politicians	O
/.	O


and	O
McCain	B-PERSON
's	O
down	O
at	O
fifty	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


But	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
ask	O
you	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
pushing	O
this	O
/.	O


Maybe	O
I	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
'm	O
campaign	O
-	O
managing	O
for	O
Giuliani	B-PERSON
/.	O


Maybe	O
you	O
should	O
be	O
/.	O


No	O
I	O
'm	O
just	O
telling	O
you	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
speaker	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
today	B-DATE
now	O
that	O
Jesse	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
's	O
not	O
active	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
the	O
best	O
orator	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
looks	O
great	O
/.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
Ed	B-PERSON
/?	O


Hey	O
and	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
/.	O


and	O
if	O
he	O
runs	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
contender	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
Republicans	B-NORP
are	O
very	O
+hierarchial	O
/.	O


We	O
tend	O
to	O
nominate	O
a	O
frontrunner	O
/.	O


And	O
right	O
now	O
I	O
think	O
by	O
any	O
standard	O
McCain	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
frontrunner	O
/.	O


And	O
behind	O
him	O
/-	O


Not	O
in	O
most	O
polls	O
/.	O


Most	O
polls	O
show	O
Giuliani	B-PERSON
at	O
number	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


/.	O


Okay	O
okay	O
well	O
give	O
or	O
take	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


Uh	O
but	O
nonetheless	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
contender	O
for	O
our	O
nomination	O
no	O
question	O
/.	O


He	O
would	O
ultimately	O
have	O
some	O
ideological	O
problems	O
/.	O


but	O
right	O
now	O
yeah	O
he	O
is	O
/.	O


he	O
's	O
a	O
frontrunner	O
/.	O


/.	O


Bob	B-PERSON
you	O
're	O
laughing	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
he	O
has	O
them	O
/.	O


But	O
parties	O
that	O
are	O
in	O
trouble	O
and	O
need	O
to	O
win	O
and	O
if	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
's	O
the	O
nominee	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
need	O
to	O
win	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
need	O
the	O
strongest	O
possible	O
opponent	O
wo	O
n't	O
they	O
resort	O
to	O
a	O
Giuliani	O
/?	O


No	O
look	O
he	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
contender	O
/.	O


He	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
the	O
nominee	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
'll	O
tell	O
you	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
/.	O


Ed	B-PERSON
Rogers	I-PERSON
is	O
n't	O
going	O
to	O
run	O
his	O
campaign	O
/.	O


so	O
you	O
might	O
as	O
well	O
Chris	B-PERSON
/.	O


/.	O


Uh	O
this	O
is	O
somebody	O
who	O
is	O
explicitly	O
pro-choice	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
for	O
gay	O
rights	O
who	O
while	O
you	O
might	O
diasgree	O
with	O
him	O
on	O
a	O
whole	O
set	O
of	O
other	O
issues	O
on	O
those	O
issues	O
is	O
more	O
like	O
a	O
Democrat	B-NORP
than	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
/.	O


And	O
the	O
fact	O
of	O
the	O
matter	O
is	O
that	O
when	O
the	O
right	O
wing	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
party	I-ORG
takes	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
him	O
and	O
takes	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
his	O
positions	O
on	O
values	O
issues	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
reject	O
him	O
/.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
him	O
appointing	O
/-	O


What	O
happened	O
in	O
fifty	B-CARDINAL
/-	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
him	O
appointing	O
/-	O


I	O
hate	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
old	O
man	O
here	O
/.	O


but	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
fifty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
the	O
Republicans	B-NORP
looked	O
at	O
probable	O
defeat	O
/.	O


They	O
thought	O
they	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
run	O
against	O
maybe	O
Truman	B-PERSON
again	O
/.	O


They	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
by	O
then	O
/.	O


They	O
ran	O
Dwight	B-PERSON
Eisenhower	I-PERSON
/.	O


They	O
ran	O
a	O
moderate	O
/.	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
Republicans	B-NORP
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
smart	O
enough	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
to	O
beat	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
/?	O


we	O
were	O
n't	O
a	O
country	O
fractured	O
along	O
these	O
social	O
issues	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
now	O
/.	O


Look	O
at	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
this	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
/.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Frist	I-PERSON
because	O
he	O
's	O
changed	O
his	O
position	O
on	O
stem	O
cell	O
research	O
has	O
been	O
disinvited	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Family	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
to	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
calling	O
their	O
Second	B-EVENT
Justice	I-EVENT
Sunday	I-EVENT
/.	O


Instead	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
Tom	B-PERSON
DeLay	I-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
have	O
a	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
party	I-ORG
where	O
certain	O
lines	O
just	O
are	O
n't	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
crossed	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
a	O
pro-choice	O
and	O
even	O
mildly	O
pro-gay	O
-	O
rights	O
candidate	O
can	O
be	O
nominated	O
by	O
the	O
Republicans	B-NORP
/.	O


I	O
know	O
better	O
than	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
forecast	O
a	O
race	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
out	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
primaries	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
primaries	O
/.	O


However	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
that	O
tends	O
to	O
underestimate	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
/.	O


We	O
know	O
what	O
a	O
winning	O
Democrat	B-NORP
nominee	O
looks	O
like	O
/.	O


It	O
looks	O
like	O
Jimmy	B-PERSON
Carter	I-PERSON
and	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
/.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
look	O
like	O
a	O
liberal	O
senator	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
/.	O


Okay	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
and	O
look	O
at	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
's	O
numbers	O
which	O
I	O
find	O
fascinating	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
probably	O
bad	O
news	O
for	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
supporters	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
with	O
Ed	B-PERSON
Rogers	I-PERSON
and	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Shrum	I-PERSON
/.	O


Stay	O
with	O
us	O
/.	O


When	O
we	O
return	O
,	O
could	O
there	O
be	O
a	O
unity	O
ticket	O
in	O
the	O
presidential	O
race	O
of	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
/?	O


We	O
've	O
a	O
little	O
buzz	O
about	O
that	O
today	B-DATE
/.	O


This	O
is	O
Hardball	B-WORK_OF_ART
only	O
on	O
msnbc	B-ORG
/.	O


We	O
're	O
back	O
with	O
Republican	B-NORP
strategist	O
Ed	B-PERSON
Rogers	I-PERSON
and	O
Harball	B-WORK_OF_ART
political	O
analyst	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Shrum	I-PERSON
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
look	O
at	O
these	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
numbers	O
/.	O


I	O
find	O
them	O
fascinating	O
/.	O


Favorability	O
fifty	B-PERCENT
three	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
in	O
our	O
latest	O
gallop	O
poll	O
/.	O


Unfavorable	O
forty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
she	O
starts	O
the	O
race	O
Bob	B-PERSON
with	O
a	O
pretty	O
high	O
negative	O
/.	O


Oh	O
yeah	O
but	O
I	O
think	O
for	O
her	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
point	O
advantage	O
favorable	O
unfavorable	O
and	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
running	O
a	O
race	O
with	O
McCain	B-PERSON
and	O
is	O
as	O
close	O
as	O
she	O
is	O
in	O
this	O
poll	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
fifty	B-CARDINAL
forty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
tells	O
you	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
actually	O
a	O
strong	O
candidate	O
/.	O


Now	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
she	O
probably	O
appreciates	O
Ed	B-PERSON
Rogers	I-PERSON
'	I-PERSON
quasi-endorsement	O
/.	O


/.	O


it	O
kind	O
of	O
reminds	O
of	O
when	O
/-	O


/.	O


It	O
kind	O
of	O
reminds	O
me	O
of	O
when	O
John	B-PERSON
McCain	I-PERSON
said	O
to	O
me	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
please	O
stop	O
saying	O
nice	O
things	O
about	O
me	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
hurting	O
me	O
in	O
the	O
Republican	O
primaries	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


Uh	O
but	O
I	O
uh	O
/-	O


/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
she	O
's	O
the	O
strongest	O
Democratic	B-NORP
candidate	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
Bob	B-PERSON
Shrum	I-PERSON
/?	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
the	O
answer	O
to	O
that	O
yet	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
know	O
this	O
that	O
and	O
you	O
'll	O
remember	O
this	O
Chris	B-PERSON
there	O
were	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
Carter	B-PERSON
campaign	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
eighty	I-DATE
who	O
when	O
they	O
thought	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Reagan	I-PERSON
was	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
nominee	O
were	O
popping	O
champagne	O
corks	O
because	O
they	O
thought	O
he	O
was	O
easy	O
to	O
beat	O
/.	O


I	O
know	O
/.	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
he	O
was	O
n't	O
easy	O
to	O
beat	O
/.	O


She	O
is	O
a	O
tough	O
smart	O
resourceful	O
politician	O
with	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
where	O
she	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
she	O
'd	O
be	O
a	O
very	O
strong	O
candidate	O
/.	O


Ed	B-PERSON
Rogers	I-PERSON
do	O
you	O
think	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
could	O
take	O
uh	O
the	O
beefier	O
uh	O
industrial	O
states	O
where	O
the	O
men	O
have	O
votes	O
and	O
guns	O
and	O
tend	O
to	O
like	O
traditional	O
women	O
like	O
Michigan	B-GPE
like	O
Illinois	B-GPE
like	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
/?	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
they	O
would	O
like	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
the	O
cut	O
of	O
her	O
jib	O
out	O
there	O
/?	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
think	O
of	O
a	O
red	O
state	O
that	O
is	O
threatened	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
blue	O
states	O
I	O
'm	O
talking	O
about	O
/.	O


Eh	O
uh	O
probably	O
not	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
she	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
headwind	O
in	O
this	O
campaign	O
/.	O


Again	O
uh	O
we	O
know	O
what	O
a	O
winning	O
Democrat	B-NORP
nominee	O
looks	O
like	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
look	O
like	O
a	O
liberal	O
senator	O
from	O
the	O
northeast	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
just	O
wonder	O
whether	O
the	O
same	O
people	O
that	O
/-	O


Bob	B-PERSON
the	O
same	O
people	O
that	O
vote	O
for	O
John	B-PERSON
Dingle	I-PERSON
in	O
Michigan	B-GPE
do	O
you	O
think	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
vote	O
for	O
Hillary	O
Clinton	O
/?	O


No	O
/.	O


Oh	O
if	O
we	O
have	O
the	O
situation	O
we	O
have	O
on	O
the	O
war	O
,	O
if	O
our	O
foreign	O
policy	O
disarray	O
if	O
no	O
progress	O
is	O
being	O
made	O
on	O
healthcare	O
and	O
education	O
I	O
think	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
those	O
red	O
states	O
could	O
become	O
blue	O
states	O
/.	O


Oh	O
okay	O
well	O
that	O
helps	O
everybody	O
right	O
yeah	O
/.	O


If	O
things	O
go	O
as	O
bad	O
/-	O


Well	O
if	O
this	O
war	O
continues	O
as	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
Peewee	B-PERSON
Herman	I-PERSON
could	O
win	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
make	O
your	O
point	O
Bob	B-PERSON
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
take	O
a	O
look	O
/.	O


No	O
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
Senator	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Biden	I-PERSON
last	O
night	O
on	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Daily	I-WORK_OF_ART
Show	I-WORK_OF_ART
with	I-WORK_OF_ART
Jon	I-WORK_OF_ART
Stewart	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


We	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
a	O
possible	O
unity	O
ticket	O
here	O
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
McCain	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
personal	O
friend	O
a	O
great	O
friend	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
would	O
be	O
honored	O
to	O
run	O
with	O
or	O
against	O
John	B-PERSON
McCain	I-PERSON
because	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
country	O
uh	O
would	O
be	O
well	O
off	O
no	O
matter	O
who	O
/-	O


And	O
I	O
mean	O
/-	O


did	O
I	O
hear	O
with	O
/?	O


You	O
know	O
um	O
uh	O
John	B-PERSON
McCain	I-PERSON
uh	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
uh	O
/-	O


Do	O
n't	O
become	O
cottage	O
cheese	O
my	O
friend	O
/.	O


say	O
it	O
/.	O


The	O
answer	O
's	O
yes	O
/.	O


Uh	O
I	O
wanted	O
John	B-PERSON
to	O
run	O
with	O
uh	O
John	B-PERSON
Kerry	I-PERSON
last	O
time	O
out	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
uh	O
asked	O
him	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


Boy	O
I	O
would	O
love	O
to	O
see	O
politics	O
be	O
shaken	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
just	O
completely	O
blew	O
out	O
the	O
ramparts	O
of	O
partisanship	O
/.	O


that	O
would	O
just	O
be	O
a	O
wonderful	O
situation	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Daily	I-WORK_OF_ART
Show	I-WORK_OF_ART
is	O
calling	O
the	O
shots	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Shrum	I-PERSON
/.	O


but	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
even	O
possible	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
a	O
fusion	O
ticket	O
between	O
uh	O
Biden	B-PERSON
and	O
McCain	B-PERSON
/?	O


what	O
would	O
Ed	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
do	O
if	O
they	O
blew	O
up	O
the	O
ramparts	O
of	O
partisanship	O
/?	O


/.	O


Well	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
/.	O


but	O
the	O
country	O
might	O
do	O
better	O
/.	O


we	O
know	O
it	O
/.	O


be	O
over	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
/.	O


there	O
are	O
real	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
parties	O
here	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
real	O
differences	O
on	O
some	O
big	O
issues	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
notice	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Biden	I-PERSON
would	O
like	O
John	B-PERSON
McCain	I-PERSON
to	O
run	O
with	O
him	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
John	B-PERSON
McCain	I-PERSON
's	O
running	O
for	O
president	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
/.	O


Yes	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
pick	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Biden	I-PERSON
as	O
his	O
vice-presidential	O
nominee	O
if	O
he	O
gets	O
nominated	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
the	O
convention	O
would	O
go	O
along	O
with	O
him	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
Ed	B-PERSON
since	O
you	O
're	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
of	O
this	O
duo	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
your	O
party	O
will	O
become	O
pragmatic	O
when	O
it	O
becomes	O
closer	O
and	O
closer	O
to	O
the	O
prospect	O
of	O
not	O
only	O
confronting	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
general	O
election	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
but	O
possibly	O
losing	O
to	O
her	O
/?	O


Will	O
your	O
party	O
straighten	O
up	O
and	O
say	O
damn	O
it	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
drop	O
some	O
of	O
our	O
ideological	O
baggage	O
/.	O


we	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
best	O
possible	O
candidate	O
/?	O


You	O
know	O
uh	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
March	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
pragmatism	O
and	O
a	O
collective	O
calculus	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
Republican	B-NORP
primary	O
voters	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
what	O
carries	O
the	O
day	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
our	O
voters	O
will	O
probably	O
go	O
with	O
a	O
stylistical	O
contrast	O
to	O
Bush	B-PERSON
somewhat	O
/.	O


Voters	O
usually	O
do	O
/.	O


Sure	O
a	O
little	O
change	O
/.	O


We	O
tend	O
to	O
nominate	O
a	O
front	O
runner	O
/.	O


So	O
a	O
front	O
runner	O
in	O
our	O
party	O
has	O
to	O
really	O
falter	O
before	O
we	O
'll	O
go	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
pack	O
/.	O


But	O
is	O
there	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
collective	O
calculus	O
/?	O


Whose	O
turn	O
is	O
it	O
/?	O


$Whose	O
turn	O
for	O
is	O
it	O
party	O
/?	O


No	O
/.	O


Is	O
it	O
McCain	B-PERSON
's	O
turn	O
having	O
lost	O
last	O
time	O
or	O
not	O
/?	O


Historically	O
speaking	O
yes	O
/.	O


If	O
he	O
were	O
to	O
tend	O
to	O
it	O
,	O
if	O
he	O
were	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
his	O
advisors	O
and	O
try	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
hard	O
to	O
beat	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


Is	O
he	O
the	O
hardest	O
uh	O
Republican	B-NORP
candidate	O
for	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
to	O
beat	O
Bob	B-PERSON
McCain	B-PERSON
/?	O


Uh	O
well	O
I	O
think	O
everything	O
/-	O


You	O
know	O
to	O
be	O
honest	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
/-	O


To	O
be	O
honest	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
probably	O
is	O
/.	O


but	O
of	O
course	O
my	O
saying	O
it	O
may	O
in	O
fact	O
convey	O
the	O
opposite	O
impression	O
to	O
people	O
/.	O


People	O
may	O
think	O
I	O
'm	O
trying	O
to	O
convey	O
the	O
opposite	O
impression	O
/.	O


Ah	O
he	O
's	O
/-	O


But	O
you	O
're	O
a	O
professor	O
now	O
Bob	B-PERSON
/.	O


Bob	B-PERSON
you	O
're	O
a	O
professor	O
/.	O


They	O
believe	O
you	O
as	O
a	O
professor	O
/.	O


/.	O


You	O
speak	O
from	O
the	O
academic	O
chair	O
now	O
/.	O


By	O
the	O
way	O
what	O
is	O
it	O
the	O
Shrum	B-PERSON
chair	O
/?	O


/.	O


/.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
call	O
your	O
/-	O


From	O
NBC	B-ORG
news	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
this	O
is	O
Meet	B-ORG
the	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
with	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Russert	I-PERSON
/.	O


Our	O
issues	O
this	B-DATE
Sunday	I-DATE
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
tensions	O
with	O
Iran	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
this	O
woman	O
our	O
guest	O
the	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Condoleezza	B-PERSON
Rice	I-PERSON
/.	O


Then	O
will	O
there	O
be	O
a	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
staff	O
shake	O
-	O
up	O
/?	O


And	O
what	O
is	O
at	O
stake	O
in	O
the	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
midterm	O
elections	O
/?	O


Insight	O
and	O
analysis	O
from	O
David	B-PERSON
Broder	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
Elisabeth	B-PERSON
Bumiller	I-PERSON
White	I-PERSON
House	B-ORG
correspondent	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
Charlie	B-PERSON
Cook	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
and	O
John	B-PERSON
Harwood	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-LAW
Wall	I-LAW
Street	I-LAW
Journal	I-LAW
and	O
CNBC	B-ORG
/.	O


But	O
first	B-ORDINAL
as	O
we	O
begin	O
the	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
we	O
are	O
joined	O
by	O
the	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
/.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
Madame	O
Secretary	O
/.	O


Good	O
morning	O
/.	O


nice	O
to	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
Tim	B-PERSON
/.	O


Very	O
disturbing	O
headlines	O
in	O
the	O
papers	O
yesterday	B-DATE
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
helping	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


and	O
this	O
is	O
how	O
it	O
was	O
captured	O
in	O
the	O
paper	O
/.	O


Russian	B-NORP
officials	O
collected	O
intelligence	O
on	O
US	B-GPE
troop	O
movements	O
and	O
attack	O
plans	O
from	O
inside	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
military	O
command	O
leading	O
the	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
invasion	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
passed	O
that	O
information	O
on	O
to	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
leader	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
according	O
to	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
study	O
/.	O


The	O
intelligence	O
report	O
which	O
the	O
study	O
said	O
were	O
provided	O
to	O
Hussein	B-PERSON
through	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
ambassador	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
during	O
the	O
height	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
assault	O
warned	O
accurately	O
that	O
American	B-NORP
formations	O
intended	O
to	O
bypass	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
cities	O
on	O
their	O
thrust	O
towards	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
/.	O


The	O
reports	O
provided	O
some	O
specific	O
numbers	O
on	O
US	B-GPE
troop	O
units	O
'	O
locations	O
according	O
to	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
documents	O
dated	O
March	B-DATE
and	O
April	B-DATE
oh	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
and	O
later	O
captured	O
by	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/.	O


Have	O
you	O
told	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
what	O
is	O
going	O
on	O
/?	O


Well	O
we	O
're	O
trying	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
make	O
sure	O
we	O
understand	O
fully	O
what	O
the	O
documents	O
say	O
/.	O


Uh	O
these	O
are	O
documents	O
that	O
were	O
found	O
uh	O
in	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
stores	O
/.	O


and	O
obviously	O
Tim	B-PERSON
we	O
would	O
take	O
very	O
seriously	O
uh	O
any	O
suggestion	O
that	O
uh	O
this	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
done	O
uh	O
maybe	O
to	O
the	O
detriment	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
forces	O
/.	O


And	O
so	O
uh	O
we	O
will	O
certainly	O
raise	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
/.	O


We	O
want	O
to	O
uh	O
take	O
a	O
real	O
hard	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
documents	O
and	O
then	O
raise	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
/.	O


But	O
these	O
are	O
US	B-GPE
documents	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
report	O
/.	O


yes	O
/.	O


You	O
believe	O
the	O
report	O
/.	O


Oh	O
I	O
certainly	O
think	O
there	O
is	O
uh	O
a	O
lot	O
to	O
this	O
report	O
/.	O


but	O
we	O
really	O
have	O
n't	O
had	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
documents	O
in	O
uh	O
detail	O
/.	O


Intend	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
and	O
then	O
to	O
raise	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
/.	O


I	O
would	O
hope	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
will	O
take	O
it	O
seriously	O
/.	O


Will	O
there	O
be	O
an	O
investigation	O
as	O
to	O
who	O
leaked	O
the	O
information	O
to	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
/?	O


Well	O
we	O
'll	O
just	O
have	O
to	O
see	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
ahead	O
of	O
us	O
/.	O


but	O
obviously	O
we	O
take	O
very	O
seriously	O
uh	O
any	O
suggestion	O
that	O
uh	O
this	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
done	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
/.	O


That	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
quite	O
serious	O
charge	O
/.	O


could	O
it	O
have	O
been	O
deliberate	O
misinformation	O
/?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
really	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
documents	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
finding	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
documents	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
find	O
some	O
important	O
and	O
uh	O
surprising	O
things	O
in	O
these	O
documents	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
step	O
back	O
take	O
a	O
hard	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
documents	O
/.	O


but	O
we	O
will	O
raise	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
/.	O


When	O
we	O
first	B-ORDINAL
went	O
into	O
Iraq	B-GPE
we	O
had	O
some	O
unexpected	O
encounters	O
with	O
Fedayeen	B-NORP
/.	O


and	O
we	O
lost	O
uh	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
American	B-NORP
men	O
that	O
Russians	B-NORP
may	O
have	O
been	O
responsible	O
for	O
American	B-NORP
deaths	O
/.	O


Well	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
try	O
hypothetically	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
impact	O
this	O
might	O
have	O
had	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
thing	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
take	O
a	O
good	O
hard	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
documents	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
we	O
definitely	O
want	O
to	O
raise	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
/.	O


And	O
again	O
I	O
would	O
hope	O
that	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
uh	O
would	O
take	O
it	O
seriously	O
and	O
give	O
us	O
a	O
serious	O
answer	O
on	O
what	O
they	O
find	O
/.	O


Back	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
the	O
president	O
said	O
he	O
looked	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
eye	O
/.	O


He	O
got	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
his	O
soul	O
found	O
him	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
straightforward	O
and	O
very	O
trustworthy	O
/.	O


Does	O
the	O
president	O
still	O
believe	O
that	O
President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
is	O
straightforward	O
and	O
trustworthy	O
/?	O


I	O
really	O
do	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
have	O
generally	O
done	O
what	O
they	O
said	O
they	O
would	O
do	O
/.	O


They	O
said	O
they	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
oppose	O
the	B-EVENT
Iraq	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
and	O
they	O
did	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
told	O
us	O
that	O
from	O
the	O
very	O
beginning	O
/.	O


Uh	O
so	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
an	O
argument	O
there	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
jump	O
to	O
the	O
conclusion	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
something	O
that	O
was	O
ordered	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
Kremlin	B-ORG
/.	O


We	O
have	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
documents	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
would	O
hope	O
that	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
would	O
take	O
seriously	O
uh	O
any	O
suggestion	O
uh	O
that	O
they	O
may	O
have	O
passed	O
uh	O
data	O
to	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
uh	O
at	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
ambassador	O
is	O
the	O
source	O
/.	O


How	O
could	O
Putin	B-PERSON
not	O
have	O
known	O
/.	O


and	O
how	O
could	O
it	O
be	O
straightforward	O
and	O
honest	O
for	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
to	O
help	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
/?	O


Tim	B-PERSON
we	O
have	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
facts	O
of	O
this	O
/.	O


We	O
will	O
most	O
certainly	O
raise	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
said	O
several	O
times	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
serious	O
matter	O
/.	O


but	O
uh	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
jump	O
out	O
ahead	O
and	O
start	O
making	O
accusations	O
about	O
what	O
uh	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
may	O
or	O
may	O
not	O
have	O
known	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
something	O
in	O
a	O
relationship	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
with	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
that	O
really	O
is	O
candid	O
and	O
where	O
we	O
do	O
talk	O
about	O
difficult	O
things	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
where	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
'll	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
this	O
and	O
talk	O
about	O
it	O
uh	O
honestly	O
/.	O


Why	O
wo	O
n't	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
help	O
us	O
get	O
sanctions	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
against	O
Iran	B-GPE
and	O
try	O
to	O
stop	O
them	O
from	O
developing	O
nuclear	O
weapons	O
/?	O


Well	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
yet	O
at	O
the	O
stage	O
where	O
we	O
're	O
seeking	O
sanctions	O
/.	O


Uh	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
doing	O
now	O
is	O
uh	O
we	O
're	O
seeking	O
a	O
presidential	O
statement	O
that	O
would	O
make	O
clear	O
to	O
Iran	B-GPE
the	O
international	O
community	O
's	O
determination	O
that	O
it	O
live	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
obligations	O
that	O
everyone	O
thinks	O
Iran	B-GPE
has	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
working	O
through	O
it	O
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
strategy	O
here	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
uh	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
/.	O


The	O
Russians	B-NORP
do	O
not	O
want	O
a	O
nuclear	O
weapon	O
in	O
Iran	B-GPE
either	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
very	O
clear	O
in	O
everything	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
tried	O
to	O
do	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
they	O
set	O
up	O
the	O
civil	O
nuclear	O
cooporation	O
with	O
Bushehr	B-GPE
in	O
what	O
they	O
offered	O
the	O
Iranians	B-NORP
that	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
also	O
do	O
not	O
believe	O
that	O
there	O
should	O
be	O
enrichment	O
and	O
reprocessing	O
capability	O
on	O
Iranian	B-NORP
soil	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
enrichment	O
and	O
reprocessing	O
capability	O
is	O
the	O
core	O
here	O
/.	O


If	O
you	O
're	O
able	O
to	O
enrich	O
and	O
reprocess	O
then	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
bomb	O
is	O
there	O
/.	O


And	O
so	O
we	O
and	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
uh	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
certainly	O
the	O
Europeans	B-NORP
have	O
the	O
same	O
view	O
of	O
what	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
prevented	O
/.	O


Uh	O
yes	O
we	O
've	O
had	O
some	O
tactical	O
differences	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
get	O
there	O
/.	O


but	O
uh	O
I	O
talked	O
with	O
my	O
Russian	B-NORP
counterpart	O
uh	O
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
/.	O


We	O
agreed	O
that	O
our	O
people	O
would	O
go	O
back	O
and	O
work	O
very	O
hard	O
this	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
and	O
we	O
'll	O
see	O
where	O
we	O
are	O
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
/.	O


Um	O
we	O
're	O
considering	O
whether	O
it	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
idea	O
to	O
um	O
after	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
presidential	O
statement	O
uh	O
get	O
ministers	O
together	O
again	O
uh	O
with	O
the	O
the	B-ORG
P	I-ORG
five	I-ORG
the	B-ORG
permanent	I-ORG
five	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
plus	O
Germany	B-GPE
uh	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
charting	O
a	O
course	O
forward	O
because	O
everybody	O
takes	O
very	O
seriously	O
Iran	B-GPE
's	O
intransigence	O
and	O
Iran	B-GPE
's	O
unwillingness	O
uh	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
is	O
uh	O
determined	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
do	O
/.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
policy	O
of	O
our	O
government	O
that	O
Iran	B-GPE
will	O
not	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
nuclear	O
weapon	O
/.	O


Tim	B-PERSON
Iran	B-GPE
can	O
not	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
nuclear	O
weapon	O
/.	O


That	O
is	O
the	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
not	O
just	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
/.	O


This	O
article	O
is	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
/.	O


The	O
reality	O
is	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
us	O
think	O
the	O
Iranians	B-NORP
are	O
probably	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
weapon	O
or	O
the	O
technology	O
to	O
make	O
one	O
sooner	O
or	O
later	O
an	O
administration	O
official	O
acknowledged	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
refusing	O
to	O
talk	O
on	O
the	O
record	O
because	O
such	O
an	O
admission	O
amounts	O
to	O
a	O
concession	O
that	O
dragging	O
Iran	B-GPE
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
may	O
prove	O
an	O
exercise	O
in	O
futility	O
/.	O


The	O
optomists	O
around	O
here	O
about	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
just	O
hope	O
we	O
can	O
delay	O
the	O
day	O
by	O
ten	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
that	O
by	O
that	O
time	O
we	O
'll	O
have	O
a	O
different	O
relationship	O
with	O
a	O
different	O
Iranian	B-NORP
government	O
/.	O


That	O
seems	O
like	O
a	O
much	O
different	O
policy	O
/.	O


Well	O
since	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
who	O
this	O
anonymous	O
person	O
is	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
tell	O
you	O
what	O
relationship	O
they	O
may	O
have	O
to	O
the	O
policy	O
/.	O


I	O
'll	O
tell	O
you	O
who	O
does	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
uh	O
that	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
believes	O
that	O
because	O
we	O
're	O
doing	O
everything	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
to	O
uh	O
send	O
a	O
strong	O
signal	O
to	O
the	O
Iranians	B-NORP
that	O
they	O
have	O
no	O
choice	O
/.	O


If	O
they	O
wish	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
they	O
have	O
no	O
choice	O
but	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
ambitions	O
that	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
technologies	O
that	O
would	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
nuclear	O
weapon	O
/.	O


Uh	O
if	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
stays	O
really	O
solid	O
here	O
Iran	B-GPE
can	O
not	O
stand	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
isolation	O
from	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
that	O
for	O
instance	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
endures	O
almost	O
by	O
choice	O
/.	O


We	O
really	O
do	O
have	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
solve	O
this	O
diplomatically	O
/.	O


but	O
Tim	B-PERSON
I	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
say	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
afford	O
to	O
waste	O
time	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
we	O
need	O
our	O
people	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
to	O
really	O
work	O
toward	O
this	O
first	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
/.	O


We	O
need	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
that	O
has	O
an	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
Iranians	B-NORP
/.	O


and	O
if	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
an	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
Iranians	B-NORP
we	O
need	O
to	O
move	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
phase	O
/.	O


Which	O
is	O
/?	O


The	O
next	O
phase	O
is	O
uh	O
to	O
look	O
to	O
uh	O
further	O
uh	O
options	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
/.	O


For	O
instance	O
perhaps	O
the	B-LAW
chapter	I-LAW
seven	I-LAW
resolution	I-LAW
/.	O


Which	O
is	O
/?	O


Chapter	B-LAW
seven	I-LAW
resolution	I-LAW
essentially	O
gives	O
uh	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
or	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
the	O
ability	O
to	O
compel	O
a	O
state	O
to	O
act	O
/.	O


Uh	O
it	O
can	O
um	O
say	O
that	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
consequences	O
if	O
actions	O
are	O
not	O
taken	O
/.	O


Including	O
military	O
/?	O


Well	O
uh	O
no	O
one	O
ever	O
takes	O
anything	O
off	O
the	O
table	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
believe	O
we	O
're	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
uh	O
from	O
that	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
the	O
possibilities	O
of	O
financial	O
measures	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
taken	O
uh	O
bans	O
against	O
travel	O
/.	O


there	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
uh	O
options	O
once	O
you	O
're	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
/.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
it	O
was	O
very	O
important	O
to	O
get	O
this	O
uh	O
Iranian	B-NORP
dossier	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
why	O
the	O
diplomacy	O
that	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
working	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
uh	I-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
get	O
the	O
Europeans	B-NORP
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
on	O
the	O
same	O
page	O
and	O
to	O
now	O
bring	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
along	O
uh	O
has	O
been	O
so	O
important	O
/.	O


do	O
you	O
believe	O
if	O
the	O
President	O
chose	O
to	O
embark	O
on	O
military	O
action	O
with	O
Iran	B-GPE
he	O
would	O
go	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
for	O
authorization	O
first	B-ORDINAL
/?	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
speculate	O
on	O
that	O
/.	O


The	O
president	O
uh	O
is	O
uh	O
clear	O
that	O
he	O
keeps	O
all	O
of	O
his	O
options	O
on	O
the	O
table	O
/.	O


But	O
Tim	B-PERSON
I	O
think	O
speculating	O
about	O
how	O
we	O
might	O
uh	O
set	O
up	O
military	O
action	O
is	O
n't	O
helpful	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
we	O
really	O
are	O
concentrating	O
on	O
the	O
diplomacy	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
clear	O
/.	O


But	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
go	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
/?	O


Well	O
eh	O
Tim	B-PERSON
of	O
course	O
the	O
uh	O
administration	O
went	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
uh	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
would	O
just	O
uh	O
ask	O
people	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
how	O
this	O
president	O
uh	O
has	O
acted	O
/.	O


He	O
has	O
uh	O
taken	O
Congress	B-ORG
as	O
a	O
full	O
partner	O
in	O
these	O
matters	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
into	O
a	O
discussion	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
President	O
may	O
or	O
may	O
not	O
do	O
uh	O
constitutionally	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
turn	O
back	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


The	O
war	O
now	O
in	O
its	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


and	O
these	O
are	O
the	O
grim	O
statistics	O
/.	O


US	B-GPE
troops	O
killed	O
two	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
sixteen	I-CARDINAL
.	O
Wounded	O
injured	O
seventeen	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
seventy	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


Iraqis	B-NORP
killed	O
an	O
estimated	O
number	O
is	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
/.	O


Hundred	B-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
thirty	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
American	B-NORP
troops	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
/.	O


When	O
you	O
were	O
planning	O
the	O
war	O
some	O
three	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
did	O
you	O
have	O
any	O
idea	O
that	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
into	O
the	O
war	O
those	O
are	O
the	O
numbers	O
that	O
you	O
would	O
be	O
confronting	O
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
certainly	O
thought	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
difficult	O
/.	O


Um	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
anyone	O
um	O
knew	O
precisely	O
what	O
we	O
would	O
be	O
facing	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
numbers	O
/.	O


And	O
look	O
/.	O


every	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
deaths	O
is	O
uh	O
mourned	O
by	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
administration	O
uh	O
because	O
these	O
are	O
families	O
that	O
have	O
lost	O
um	O
husbands	O
and	O
wives	O
and	O
daughters	O
and	O
sons	O
/.	O


Um	O
but	O
we	O
also	O
know	O
that	O
nothing	O
of	O
value	O
is	O
ever	O
won	O
without	O
sacrifice	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
because	O
the	O
um	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
America	I-GPE
faces	O
a	O
different	O
kind	O
of	O
enemy	O
and	O
a	O
different	O
kind	O
of	O
war	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
different	O
kind	O
of	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
if	O
we	O
're	O
ever	O
going	O
to	O
resolve	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
an	O
ideology	O
of	O
hatred	O
that	O
was	O
so	O
great	O
that	O
people	O
flew	O
airplanes	O
into	O
buildings	O
/.	O


Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Iraq	B-GPE
was	O
a	O
threat	O
/.	O


Now	O
that	O
the	O
/-	O


but	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
was	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
flying	O
airplanes	O
into	O
buildings	O
/.	O


No	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
have	O
never	O
said	O
that	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
/-	O


uh	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
was	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
events	O
of	O
September	B-EVENT
eleventh	I-EVENT
/.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
really	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
only	O
thing	O
that	O
happened	O
on	O
September	B-EVENT
eleventh	I-EVENT
was	O
people	O
flew	O
airplanes	O
into	O
buildings	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
very	O
narrow	O
view	O
of	O
what	O
we	O
faced	O
on	O
September	B-EVENT
eleventh	I-EVENT
/.	O


We	O
faced	O
um	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
an	O
ideology	O
of	O
hatred	O
throughout	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
that	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
dealt	O
with	O
/.	O


Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
was	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
that	O
old	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
/.	O


The	O
new	O
Iraq	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
/.	O


and	O
we	O
will	O
all	O
be	O
safer	O
/.	O


But	O
Madame	O
Secretary	O
weapons	O
of	O
mass	O
destruction	O
was	O
the	O
primary	O
rationale	O
given	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


Lisa	B-PERSON
Myers	I-PERSON
of	O
NBC	B-ORG
news	O
broke	O
a	O
story	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
that	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
foreign	O
minister	O
Mister	O
Sabri	B-PERSON
became	O
a	O
spy	O
for	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
/.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
how	O
it	O
was	O
reported	O
/.	O


Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
last	O
foreign	O
minister	O
Naji	B-PERSON
Sabri	I-PERSON
paid	O
spy	O
for	O
+French	B-NORP
intelligence	O
later	O
turned	O
him	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
to	O
supply	O
information	O
about	O
Iraq	B-GPE
its	O
chemical	O
biological	O
nuclear	O
weapon	O
program	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
war	O
began	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
oh	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
according	O
{to}	O
former	O
intelligence	O
officials	O
/.	O


The	O
sources	O
said	O
he	O
provided	O
information	O
{the?}	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
dictator	O
had	O
ambitions	O
for	O
a	O
nuclear	O
program	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
active	O
and	O
that	O
no	O
biological	O
weapons	O
were	O
being	O
produced	O
or	O
stockpiled	O
although	O
research	O
was	O
under	O
way	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
far	O
cry	O
from	O
what	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
were	O
told	O
/.	O


Of	O
course	O
Tim	B-PERSON
this	O
was	O
a	O
single	O
source	O
among	O
multiple	O
sources	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
problem	O
was	O
that	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
was	O
unwilling	O
after	O
multiple	O
resolutions	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
to	O
account	O
for	O
his	O
uh	O
weapons	O
programs	O
/.	O


Uh	O
we	O
all	O
remember	O
that	O
the	O
accounting	O
of	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
uh	O
weapons	O
inspection	O
mission	O
that	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
uh	O
look	O
into	O
its	O
weapons	O
program	O
could	O
not	O
account	O
for	O
large	O
stockpiles	O
/.	O


We	O
all	O
thought	O
that	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
had	O
weapons	O
of	O
mass	O
destruction	O
/.	O


He	O
certainly	O
had	O
a	O
a	O
very	O
healthy	O
appetite	O
for	O
them	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
had	O
used	O
them	O
before	O
both	O
against	O
his	O
own	O
people	O
and	O
against	O
his	O
neighbors	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
threat	O
/.	O


This	O
was	O
someone	O
shooting	O
at	O
our	O
aircraft	O
as	O
they	O
flew	O
the	O
no	O
-	O
fly	O
zone	O
/.	O


He	O
'd	O
invaded	O
his	O
neighbors	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
point	O
is	O
that	O
now	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
gone	O
Iraq	B-GPE
has	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
different	O
Iraq	B-GPE
in	O
a	O
different	O
kind	O
of	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
/.	O


I	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
hard	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
numbers	O
that	O
you	O
've	O
put	O
up	O
are	O
difficult	O
to	O
see	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
violence	O
on	O
TV	O
is	O
difficult	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
would	O
ask	O
people	O
uh	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
perspective	O
here	O
of	O
what	O
is	O
really	O
going	O
on	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


uh	O
under	O
the	O
specter	O
of	O
this	O
violence	O
you	O
have	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
now	O
Sunni	B-NORP
Shia	B-NORP
Kurds	B-NORP
and	O
others	O
determined	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
government	O
of	O
national	O
unity	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
extraordinary	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
history	O
where	O
they	O
've	O
always	O
settled	O
their	O
differences	O
by	O
violence	O
not	O
by	O
politics	O
/.	O


And	O
when	O
they	O
succeed	O
in	O
that	O
uh	O
they	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
a	O
very	O
uh	O
different	O
kind	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
succeed	O
/.	O


But	O
people	O
are	O
being	O
asked	O
to	O
take	O
your	O
judgement	O
on	O
this	O
as	O
we	O
sit	O
here	O
this	O
morning	O
and	O
refer	O
to	O
previous	O
judgements	O
the	O
administration	O
made	O
/.	O


Weapons	O
of	O
mass	O
destruction	O
there	O
were	O
none	O
/.	O


We	O
would	O
be	O
greeted	O
as	O
liberators	O
/.	O


this	O
is	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
/.	O


That	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
take	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
American	B-NORP
troops	O
to	O
occupy	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


Tommy	B-PERSON
Franks	I-PERSON
according	O
to	O
the	O
book	O
Cobra	B-WORK_OF_ART
Two	I-WORK_OF_ART
said	O
we	O
'd	O
be	O
down	O
to	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
troops	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
oh	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
/.	O


The	O
cost	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
the	O
budget	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
'd	O
be	O
fifty	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
/.	O


It	O
's	O
now	O
over	O
three	B-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
and	I-MONEY
fifty	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
/.	O


Each	O
judgement	O
has	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
wrong	O
/.	O


The	O
judgement	O
that	O
has	O
not	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
wrong	O
uh	O
Tim	B-PERSON
is	O
that	O
the	O
region	O
is	O
changing	O
in	O
fundemental	O
ways	O
and	O
the	O
region	O
is	O
better	O
without	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
/.	O


Yes	O
it	O
is	O
true	O
that	O
uh	O
everyone	O
thought	O
he	O
had	O
weapons	O
of	O
mass	O
destruction	O
/.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
/.	O


It	O
is	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
case	O
that	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
are	O
delighted	O
to	O
be	O
rid	O
of	O
him	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
most	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
in	O
fact	O
uh	O
are	O
willing	O
and	O
uh	O
want	O
to	O
keep	O
coalition	O
forces	O
there	O
until	O
they	O
can	O
uh	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
this	O
themselves	O
/.	O


But	O
we	O
do	O
have	O
to	O
keep	O
things	O
in	O
historical	O
perspective	O
/.	O


These	O
people	O
are	O
doing	O
something	O
that	O
is	O
quite	O
unknown	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
/.	O


and	O
one	O
has	O
to	O
ask	O
what	O
was	O
the	O
alternative	O
/?	O


Was	O
the	O
alternative	O
to	O
leave	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
in	O
power	O
uh	O
continuing	O
to	O
threaten	O
his	O
neighbors	O
continuing	O
with	O
his	O
uh	O
windfall	O
profits	O
from	O
the	O
oil	O
for	O
food	O
scandal	O
continuing	O
to	O
repress	O
uh	O
his	O
people	O
and	O
build	O
mass	O
graves	O
uh	O
continuing	O
to	O
uh	O
use	O
those	O
oil	O
for	O
food	O
profits	O
to	O
again	O
build	O
the	O
infrastructure	O
for	O
his	O
weapons	O
of	O
mass	O
destruction	O
/?	O


But	O
many	O
will	O
say	O
he	O
was	O
contained	O
by	O
the	O
no	O
-	O
fly	O
zone	O
/.	O


Ah	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
think	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
box	O
/.	O


He	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
box	O
/.	O


the	O
oil	O
for	O
food	O
program	O
alone	O
shows	O
that	O
the	B-MONEY
billions	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
that	O
he	O
was	O
collecting	O
/-	O


He	O
was	O
not	O
just	O
going	O
to	O
build	O
palaces	O
/.	O


This	O
was	O
someone	O
who	O
had	O
an	O
insatiable	O
appetite	O
uh	O
to	O
dominate	O
his	O
region	O
/.	O


Now	O
without	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
you	O
can	O
look	O
across	O
the	O
region	O
and	O
see	O
that	O
uh	O
a	O
lot	O
is	O
changing	O
thanks	O
to	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
democracy	O
uh	O
promotion	O
and	O
the	O
hard	O
work	O
of	O
people	O
in	O
those	O
countries	O
/.	O


You	O
have	O
Syrian	B-NORP
forces	O
out	O
of	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
/.	O


You	O
have	O
uh	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
out	O
of	O
uh	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


The	O
people	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
are	O
taking	O
on	O
authoritarian	O
governments	O
across	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
/.	O


Kuwait	B-GPE
has	O
given	O
women	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
vote	O
/.	O


I	O
'd	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
say	O
that	O
these	O
big	O
historical	O
changes	O
are	O
turbulent	O
and	O
they	O
're	O
difficult	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
somehow	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
placid	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
that	O
if	O
we	O
just	O
left	O
it	O
alone	O
,	O
if	O
we	O
'd	O
just	O
not	O
invaded	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
if	O
we	O
had	O
just	O
not	O
overthrown	O
dictators	O
,	O
if	O
we	O
{had?}	O
just	O
not	O
challenged	O
Syrian	B-NORP
power	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
everything	O
would	O
be	O
just	O
fine	O
uh	O
is	O
simply	O
not	O
true	O
/.	O


It	O
was	O
that	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
the	O
malignancy	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
that	O
we	O
quote	O
unquote	O
disturbed	O
that	O
led	O
directly	O
to	O
the	B-EVENT
September	I-EVENT
eleventh	I-EVENT
event	I-EVENT
/.	O


The	O
President	O
said	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
that	O
whether	O
there	O
'll	O
be	O
troops	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
for	O
the	O
unforeseeable	O
future	O
will	O
be	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
next	O
president	O
meaning	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
troops	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
at	O
least	O
through	O
January	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
oh	I-DATE
nine	I-DATE
/.	O


Oh	O
the	O
President	O
was	O
asked	O
this	O
question	O
in	O
a	O
particular	O
way	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
answered	O
that	O
uh	O
some	O
American	B-NORP
troops	O
may	O
well	O
be	O
there	O
for	O
the	O
next	O
president	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
would	O
just	O
point	O
to	O
what	O
uh	O
the	O
President	O
has	O
said	O
continually	O
which	O
is	O
that	O
American	B-NORP
forces	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
come	O
down	O
uh	O
commensurate	O
with	O
the	O
need	O
as	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
forces	O
stand	O
up	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
are	O
indeed	O
standing	O
up	O
/.	O


General	O
Casey	B-PERSON
has	O
talked	O
about	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
forces	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


and	O
that	O
significant	O
reduction	O
is	O
because	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
forces	O
are	O
taking	O
and	O
holding	O
territory	O
now	O
because	O
during	O
this	O
most	O
recent	O
uptick	O
of	O
sectarian	O
violence	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
army	O
uh	O
uh	O
behaved	O
very	O
very	O
well	O
/.	O


So	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
forces	O
are	O
getting	O
better	O
/.	O


American	B-NORP
forces	O
are	O
ceding	O
territory	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
entirely	O
uh	O
probable	O
that	O
we	O
will	O
see	O
a	O
significant	O
draw	O
-	O
down	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
forces	O
over	O
the	O
uh	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
General	O
Casey	B-PERSON
believes	O
/.	O


Was	O
/-	O


this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
/.	O


It	O
's	O
all	O
dependent	O
on	O
events	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
/.	O


but	O
as	O
General	O
Casey	B-PERSON
has	O
said	O
we	O
see	O
the	O
progress	O
with	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
forces	O
/.	O


We	O
see	O
the	O
progress	O
of	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
there	O
's	O
every	O
reason	O
to	O
believe	O
that	O
American	B-NORP
forces	O
can	O
start	O
to	O
draw	O
down	O
/.	O


Is	O
the	O
insurgency	O
in	O
its	O
last	O
throes	O
/?	O


Well	O
the	O
insurgency	O
uh	O
politicially	O
is	O
certainly	O
in	O
danger	O
because	O
{of?}	O
the	O
Sunnis	B-NORP
who	O
stood	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
/.	O


But	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
violence	O
is	O
it	O
in	O
its	O
last	O
throes	O
/?	O


Well	O
the	O
insurgency	O
is	O
still	O
able	O
uh	O
to	O
pull	O
off	O
violence	O
and	O
kill	O
innocent	O
children	O
or	O
kill	O
an	O
innocent	O
school	O
teacher	O
/.	O


Yes	O
they	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
might	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
for	O
some	O
time	O
/.	O


But	O
what	O
they	O
've	O
not	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
to	O
disrupt	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
/.	O


What	O
they	O
've	O
not	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
to	O
set	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
uh	O
one	O
against	O
another	O
in	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
/.	O


They	O
've	O
not	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
stop	O
three	O
elections	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
stop	O
formation	O
of	O
uh	O
the	O
government	O
/.	O


Uh	O
a	O
few	O
violent	O
people	O
can	O
always	O
uh	O
grab	O
headlines	O
and	O
can	O
always	O
kill	O
innocent	O
people	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
few	O
/.	O


Well	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
few	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
population	O
of	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
/.	O


But	O
it	O
could	O
not	O
exist	O
without	O
being	O
enabled	O
by	O
the	O
population	O
/.	O


Well	O
the	O
population	O
is	O
less	O
and	O
less	O
enabling	O
every	O
day	O
/.	O


There	O
are	O
reports	O
that	O
Zarqawi	B-PERSON
and	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
meet	O
stiff	O
resistance	O
indeed	O
violent	O
resistance	O
from	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
tribes	O
/.	O


Sunnis	B-NORP
are	O
now	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
people	O
wonder	O
when	O
will	O
the	O
government	O
formation	O
finish	O
/.	O


Uh	O
it	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
dragging	O
on	O
after	O
the	O
election	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
would	O
just	O
note	O
I	O
read	O
the	O
other	O
day	O
someone	O
said	O
well	O
they	O
're	O
dividing	O
up	O
the	O
spoils	O
of	O
the	O
offices	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
doing	O
in	O
this	O
process	O
/.	O


They	O
are	O
writing	O
a	O
government	O
program	O
on	O
which	O
the	O
national	O
unity	O
will	O
govern	O
/.	O


They	O
are	O
writing	O
the	O
rules	O
by	O
which	O
they	O
will	O
govern	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
're	O
determining	O
who	O
will	O
take	O
key	O
positions	O
/.	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
uh	O
an	O
extraordinary	O
matter	O
an	O
extraordinary	O
scene	O
with	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
Sunni	B-NORP
and	O
Shia	B-NORP
and	O
Kurds	B-NORP
all	O
working	O
together	O
toward	O
a	O
unity	O
government	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
turn	O
to	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
/.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
story	O
moving	O
on	O
the	O
wires	O
that	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
court	O
has	O
just	O
dismissed	O
the	O
charges	O
against	O
this	O
gentleman	O
who	O
had	O
converted	O
to	O
Christianity	B-NORP
/.	O


Are	O
you	O
aware	O
that	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
/?	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
confirm	O
uh	O
that	O
particular	O
report	O
uh	O
Tim	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
Afghans	B-NORP
are	O
working	O
on	O
it	O
/.	O


They	O
've	O
been	O
very	O
aware	O
um	O
of	O
the	O
issue	O
and	O
of	O
the	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
issue	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
young	O
democracy	O
that	O
is	O
uh	O
working	O
with	O
a	O
constitution	O
that	O
uh	O
like	O
many	O
constitutions	O
when	O
they	O
're	O
first	B-ORDINAL
born	O
uh	O
the	O
conflicts	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
worked	O
out	O
/.	O


we	O
have	O
our	O
own	O
history	O
of	O
conflicts	O
that	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
worked	O
out	O
after	O
a	O
new	O
constitution	O
/.	O


And	O
so	O
um	O
the	O
Afghans	B-NORP
are	O
working	O
on	O
it	O
/.	O


but	O
America	B-GPE
has	O
stood	O
solidly	O
for	O
religious	O
freedom	O
uh	O
as	O
the	O
bedrock	O
uh	O
of	O
uh	O
democracy	O
/.	O


and	O
um	O
we	O
'll	O
see	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
confirm	O
that	O
specifically	O
/.	O


Should	O
American	B-NORP
Christian	B-NORP
missionaries	O
be	O
encouraged	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
Afghans	B-NORP
are	O
uh	O
pleased	O
to	O
get	O
uh	O
the	O
help	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
get	O
/.	O


We	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
respectful	O
of	O
Afghan	B-NORP
sovereignty	O
/.	O


Including	O
Christian	B-NORP
missionaries	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
respectful	O
of	O
Afghan	B-NORP
sovereignty	O
and	O
Tim	B-PERSON
respectful	O
of	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
is	O
coming	O
out	O
of	O
twenty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
civil	O
war	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
find	O
its	O
own	O
way	O
and	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
is	O
going	O
through	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
difficult	O
uh	O
debates	O
that	O
any	O
society	O
goes	O
through	O
/.	O


and	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
proper	O
role	O
of	O
religion	O
in	O
uh	O
the	O
politics	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
debate	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
went	O
through	O
at	O
some	O
point	O
in	O
our	O
history	O
/.	O


But	O
Madame	O
Secretary	O
we	O
talk	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
about	O
spreading	O
democracy	O
/.	O


and	O
your	O
own	O
state	O
department	O
report	O
on	O
human	O
rights	O
abuses	O
eh	O
says	O
that	O
Christianity	B-GPE
is	O
punishable	O
by	O
death	O
that	O
Christian	B-NORP
missionaries	O
are	O
not	O
welcome	O
that	O
women	O
can	O
not	O
get	O
a	O
passport	O
or	O
leave	O
the	O
country	O
without	O
permission	O
of	O
a	O
man	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
far	O
cry	O
from	O
the	O
responsibilities	O
and	O
rights	O
given	O
to	O
most	O
people	O
who	O
live	O
in	O
a	O
democracy	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
also	O
a	O
far	O
cry	O
from	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
/.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
has	O
come	O
an	O
enormous	O
way	O
in	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
where	O
yes	O
the	O
uh	O
issues	O
of	O
the	O
constitution	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
debated	O
in	O
this	O
very	O
traditional	O
society	O
that	O
is	O
trying	O
now	O
to	O
move	O
to	O
a	O
modern	O
political	O
system	O
/.	O


I	O
would	O
just	O
ask	O
people	O
to	O
remember	O
how	O
hard	O
this	O
was	O
for	O
us	O
/.	O


Tim	B-PERSON
I	O
am	O
I	O
hate	O
to	O
say	O
fifty	B-DATE
one	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	O
/.	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
in	O
my	O
lifetime	O
that	O
uh	O
black	O
Americans	B-NORP
were	O
guaranteed	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
vote	O
/.	O


Who	O
are	O
we	O
to	O
be	O
uh	O
uh	O
eh	O
so	O
insistent	O
that	O
people	O
must	O
do	O
this	O
overnight	O
/?	O


We	O
're	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
government	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
moving	O
in	O
a	O
democratic	O
fashion	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
hard	O
/.	O


But	O
when	O
something	O
arises	O
uh	O
as	O
with	O
Mister	O
Rahman	B-PERSON
it	O
is	O
the	O
obligation	O
of	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
support	O
across	O
Europe	B-LOC
for	O
this	O
that	O
the	O
Afghans	B-NORP
be	O
reminded	O
that	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
constitution	O
they	O
have	O
enshrined	O
the	O
universal	O
declaration	O
on	O
human	O
rights	O
which	O
guarantees	O
certain	O
religious	O
freedoms	O
/.	O


We	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
that	O
constitution	O
with	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
to	O
work	O
with	O
/.	O


So	O
Christians	B-NORP
should	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
worship	O
/?	O


People	O
should	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
convert	O
to	O
Christianity	B-NORP
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
/.	O


of	O
course	O
Tim	B-PERSON
/.	O


eh	O
the	O
universal	O
declaration	O
of	O
human	O
rights	O
is	O
clear	O
on	O
this	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
Afghans	B-NORP
are	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
work	O
through	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
difficulties	O
and	O
contradictions	O
/.	O


But	O
it	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
done	O
on	O
a	O
case	O
by	O
case	O
business	O
/.	O


It	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
ensured	O
/.	O


They	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
work	O
through	O
court	O
cases	O
as	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
interpret	O
the	O
+constitution	O
/.	O


They	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
work	O
through	O
individual	O
cases	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
quite	O
certain	O
that	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
Afghan	B-NORP
democracy	O
is	O
going	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
direction	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
would	O
just	O
remind	O
people	O
that	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
was	O
executing	O
people	O
wantonly	O
in	O
uh	O
stadiums	O
for	O
playing	O
music	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
has	O
come	O
a	O
very	O
very	O
long	O
way	O
/.	O


and	O
women	O
were	O
not	O
being	O
educated	O
uh	O
at	O
all	O
/.	O


It	O
was	O
punishable	O
to	O
educate	O
women	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
place	O
that	O
has	O
come	O
a	O
long	O
long	O
way	O
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
support	O
them	O
in	O
uh	O
their	O
quest	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
modern	O
democracy	O
/.	O


You	O
mentioned	O
you	O
're	O
fifty	B-DATE
one	I-DATE
/.	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
curious	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
time	O
for	O
a	O
career	O
change	O
/.	O


We	O
've	O
discussed	O
uh	O
uh	O
future	O
options	O
for	O
you	O
on	O
this	O
program	O
/.	O


Here	O
was	O
the	O
headline	O
all	O
across	O
the	O
paper	O
/.	O


NFL	B-ORG
commisioner	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Tagliabue	I-PERSON
step	O
down	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
/.	O


and	O
here	O
's	O
our	O
conversations	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
two	B-CARDINAL
three	B-CARDINAL
and	O
four	B-CARDINAL
on	O
this	O
subject	O
/.	O


In	O
your	O
next	O
life	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
commisioner	O
of	O
the	O
NFL	B-ORG
/?	O


Right	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
NFL	B-ORG
is	O
really	O
a	O
terrific	O
institution	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
'd	O
love	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
it	O
one	B-CARDINAL
day	O
/.	O


Another	O
first	B-ORDINAL
/?	O


Uh	O
Tim	B-PERSON
I	O
'm	O
going	O
off	O
to	O
be	O
commisioner	O
of	O
NFL	B-ORG
/.	O


remember	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Tagliabue	I-PERSON
's	O
doing	O
a	O
fine	O
job	O
as	O
NFL	B-ORG
commisioner	O
/.	O


but	O
um	O
I	O
look	O
forward	O
to	O
uh	O
the	O
day	O
that	O
he	O
decides	O
to	O
retire	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
I	O
very	O
much	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
the	O
best	O
job	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
NFL	B-ORG
commisioner	O
/.	O


You	O
just	O
announced	O
your	O
candidacy	O
/.	O


I	O
still	O
think	O
the	O
best	O
job	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
may	O
be	O
NFL	B-ORG
commisioner	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
little	O
too	O
soon	O
for	O
me	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
got	O
lots	O
to	O
do	O
as	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
my	O
ship	O
came	O
in	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
port	O
without	O
me	O
/.	O


So	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
interested	O
/?	O


No	O
not	O
interested	O
/.	O


Now	O
Fred	B-PERSON
Barns	I-PERSON
a	O
reporter	O
uh	O
uh	O
has	O
close	O
ties	O
to	O
the	O
eh	O
sources	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
wrote	O
this	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
the	B-DATE
other	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
/.	O


A	O
third	B-ORDINAL
time	O
for	O
Bush	B-PERSON
the	O
president	O
's	O
most	O
spectacular	O
move	O
would	O
be	O
to	O
annoint	O
a	O
presidential	O
successor	O
/.	O


This	O
would	O
require	O
Vice	O
President	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
to	O
resign	O
/.	O


His	O
replacement	O
/?	O


Condoleezza	B-PERSON
Rice	I-PERSON
who	O
Mister	O
Bush	B-PERSON
regards	O
highly	O
/.	O


We	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
great	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
in	O
uh	O
Vice	O
President	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
/.	O


Uh	O
he	O
is	O
uh	O
doing	O
a	O
fantastic	O
job	O
for	O
the	O
president	O
and	O
uh	O
for	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


Um	O
he	O
is	O
really	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
strongest	O
uh	O
supporters	O
that	O
uh	O
I	O
've	O
drawn	O
on	O
from	O
time	O
to	O
time	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
he	O
's	O
doing	O
a	O
great	O
job	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
'd	O
better	O
try	O
to	O
be	O
Secretary	O
of	O
St-	O
/-	O


You	O
just	O
gave	O
a	O
whole	O
list	O
of	O
things	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
as	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
/.	O


But	O
if	O
the	O
President	O
came	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
said	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
's	O
going	O
to	O
resign	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
my	O
vice	O
president	O
because	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
run	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
you	O
would	O
n't	O
say	O
no	O
/.	O


Tim	B-PERSON
ah	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
through	O
this	O
conversation	O
about	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
what	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
my	O
life	O
/.	O


Laura	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
said	O
you	O
'd	O
make	O
an	O
excellent	O
president	O
and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
we	O
can	O
talk	O
her	O
into	O
running	O
/.	O


Uh	O
well	O
I	O
really	O
appreciate	O
that	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
lady	O
who	O
I	O
admire	O
very	O
much	O
uh	O
thinks	O
that	O
/.	O


but	O
the	O
last	O
part	O
of	O
that	O
's	O
right	O
/.	O


Will	O
not	O
happen	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
/.	O


Madame	O
Secretary	O
as	O
always	O
we	O
thank	O
you	O
for	O
sharing	O
your	O
views	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
/.	O


Coming	O
next	O
,	O
David	B-PERSON
Broder	I-PERSON
Elisabeth	B-PERSON
Bumiller	I-PERSON
Charlie	B-PERSON
Cook	I-PERSON
John	B-PERSON
Harwood	I-PERSON
interpret	O
the	O
Washington	B-GPE
political	O
landscape	O
tackle	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
immigration	O
and	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
midterm	O
elections	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
/.	O


Right	O
here	O
on	O
Meet	B-ORG
the	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
/.	O


The	O
politics	O
of	O
immigration	O
Iraq	O
and	O
the	O
midterm	O
congressional	O
elections	O
/.	O


David	B-PERSON
Broder	I-PERSON
Elisabeth	B-PERSON
Bumiller	I-PERSON
Charlie	B-PERSON
Cook	I-PERSON
John	B-PERSON
Harwood	I-PERSON
a	O
round	O
table	O
after	O
this	O
station	O
break	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
are	O
back	O
/.	O


Welcome	O
all	O
/.	O


Immigration	O
/.	O


Look	O
at	O
these	O
scenes	O
and	O
these	O
pictures	O
from	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
/.	O


Five	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
people	O
according	O
to	O
police	O
estimates	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
protest	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
immigration	O
reforms	O
that	O
are	O
being	O
discussed	O
debated	O
perhaps	O
legislated	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
/.	O


David	B-PERSON
Broder	I-PERSON
how	O
big	O
of	O
a	O
political	O
issue	O
is	O
immigration	O
/.	O


and	O
what	O
are	O
the	O
potential	O
pitfalls	O
for	O
politicians	O
as	O
they	O
try	O
to	O
navigate	O
the	O
issue	O
/?	O


It	O
started	O
as	O
a	O
border	O
issue	O
in	O
uh	O
states	O
that	O
have	O
common	O
boundaries	O
with	O
Mexico	B-GPE
particularly	O
/.	O


Uh	O
it	O
has	O
now	O
become	O
a	O
national	O
issue	O
/.	O


Talking	O
to	O
Republican	B-NORP
Governor	O
of	O
Minnesota	B-GPE
it	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
issue	O
in	O
his	O
state	O
/.	O


Suburban	O
Illinois	B-GPE
districts	O
now	O
find	O
large	O
Hispanic	B-NORP
populations	O
/.	O


It	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
much	O
tougher	O
issue	O
for	O
politicians	O
of	O
both	O
parties	O
but	O
particularly	O
I	O
think	O
for	O
Republicans	B-NORP
/.	O


The	O
polling	O
we	O
have	O
seen	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
NBC	B-ORG
eighty	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
eight	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
say	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
serious	O
problem	O
/.	O


sixty	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
two	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
say	O
that	O
illegal	O
immigrants	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
become	O
citizens	O
/.	O


and	O
sixty	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
say	O
that	O
we	O
should	O
n't	O
even	O
give	O
them	O
guest	O
worker	O
status	O
to	O
come	O
here	O
temporarily	O
/.	O


Elisabeth	B-PERSON
Bumiller	I-PERSON
you	O
wrote	O
a	O
piece	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
quote	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
facing	O
a	O
difficult	O
path	O
on	O
immigration	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
joint	O
pressures	O
on	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
from	O
the	O
business	O
community	O
we	O
need	O
these	O
people	O
to	O
work	O
because	O
Americans	B-NORP
wo	O
n't	O
do	O
the	O
jobs	O
and	O
the	O
conservative	O
community	O
saying	O
illegal	O
immigrants	O
get	O
them	O
out	O
/.	O


What	O
does	O
he	O
do	O
/?	O


He	O
's	O
trying	O
to	O
uh	O
thread	O
the	O
needle	O
and	O
walk	O
a	O
very	O
fine	O
line	O
between	O
both	O
of	O
these	O
groups	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
inches	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
former	O
governor	O
of	O
a	O
border	O
state	O
/.	O


so	O
this	O
is	O
very	O
close	O
to	O
his	O
political	O
experience	O
/.	O


in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
this	O
debate	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
he	O
was	O
giving	O
very	O
emotional	O
speeches	O
about	O
America	B-GPE
the	O
land	O
of	O
immigrants	O
/.	O


and	O
he	O
was	O
proposing	O
what	O
many	O
Republicans	B-NORP
said	O
was	O
a	O
very	O
generous	O
guest	O
worker	O
program	O
/.	O


Um	O
he	O
has	O
pulled	O
back	O
a	O
lot	O
now	O
ah	O
under	O
onslaught	O
from	O
conservatives	O
/.	O


and	O
now	O
he	O
's	O
emphasizing	O
the	O
border	O
security	O
part	O
of	O
his	O
plan	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
both	O
/.	O


as	O
we	O
know	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
different	O
proposals	O
on	O
the	O
hill	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
see	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
/.	O


Um	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
is	O
hanging	O
back	O
waiting	O
to	O
see	O
what	O
comes	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
smoke	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
we	O
'll	O
weigh	O
in	O
/.	O


Charlie	B-PERSON
Cook	I-PERSON
it	O
appears	O
that	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
have	O
very	O
firm	O
views	O
about	O
immigration	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
and	O
other	O
politicians	O
are	O
kind	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
nuance	O
the	O
issue	O
/.	O


Is	O
that	O
possible	O
/?	O


Well	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
funny	O
issue	O
/.	O


If	O
you	O
ask	O
me	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
problem	O
facing	O
the	O
country	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
small	O
single	O
digit	O
issue	O
/.	O


but	O
then	O
once	O
you	O
raise	O
it	O
boy	O
emotions	O
run	O
high	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
split	O
the	O
baby	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
can	O
see	O
where	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
trying	O
to	O
go	O
the	O
let	O
's	O
build	O
a	O
wall	O
or	O
build	O
a	O
barrier	O
stop	O
illegal	O
immigration	O
/.	O


But	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
we	O
have	O
we	O
got	O
to	O
mainstream	O
them	O
and	O
keep	O
this	O
workforce	O
going	O
because	O
that	O
's	O
important	O
for	O
agribusiness	O
and	O
business	O
/.	O


Is	O
that	O
politically	O
acceptable	O
to	O
conservatives	O
/?	O


Eh	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
acceptable	O
to	O
anybody	O
/.	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
I	O
think	O
/-	O


I	O
mean	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
split	O
the	O
baby	O
because	O
one	O
way	O
or	O
the	O
other	O
is	O
just	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
work	O
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
/?	O


Well	O
let	O
's	O
do	O
n't	O
forget	O
Tim	B-PERSON
Democrats	B-NORP
are	O
also	O
split	O
on	O
this	O
issue	O
/.	O


Lot	O
of	O
African	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Americans	I-NORP
are	O
not	O
very	O
sympathetic	O
with	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
guest	O
worker	O
program	O
/.	O


Uh	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
Elisabeth	B-PERSON
mentioned	O
trying	O
to	O
thread	O
the	O
needle	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
they	O
were	O
looking	O
at	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
push	O
the	O
final	O
resolution	O
of	O
this	O
until	O
after	O
the	O
midterm	O
election	O
/.	O


That	O
also	O
could	O
happen	O
on	O
some	O
budget	O
issues	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
common	O
cause	O
between	O
moderate	O
Democrats	B-NORP
and	O
moderate	O
Republicans	B-NORP
/.	O


You	O
know	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
Florida	B-GPE
Florida	B-GPE
Florida	B-GPE
/.	O


Two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
Ohio	B-GPE
Ohio	B-GPE
Ohio	B-GPE
/.	O


You	O
look	O
at	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
that	O
electoral	O
college	O
map	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
states	O
like	O
New	B-GPE
Mexico	I-GPE
and	O
Arizona	B-GPE
and	O
Colorado	B-GPE
some	O
real	O
potential	O
swing	O
states	O
/.	O


And	O
this	O
issue	O
could	O
be	O
very	O
decisive	O
as	O
we	O
play	O
it	O
through	O
/.	O


Well	O
let	O
's	O
do	O
n't	O
forget	O
one	B-CARDINAL
other	O
thing	O
Tim	B-PERSON
/.	O


This	O
was	O
raised	O
in	O
the	O
Virginia	B-GPE
governor	O
's	O
race	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
by	O
the	O
republican	B-NORP
candidate	O
who	O
went	O
after	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
job	O
centers	O
that	O
attract	O
illegal	O
immigrants	O
/.	O


Did	O
n't	O
work	O
for	O
him	O
/.	O


so	O
sometimes	O
the	O
emotion	O
of	O
the	O
issue	O
does	O
n't	O
always	O
prevail	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
turn	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
the	O
big	O
discussion	O
in	O
our	O
country	O
about	O
Iraq	B-GPE
the	O
way	O
the	O
issue	O
is	O
being	O
covered	O
by	O
the	O
media	O
/.	O


Uh	O
Vice	O
President	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
last	B-DATE
Sunday	I-DATE
made	O
these	O
comments	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
constant	O
sort	O
of	O
perception	O
if	O
you	O
will	O
that	O
is	O
created	O
because	O
what	O
's	O
newsworthy	O
is	O
the	O
car	O
bomb	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
it	O
's	O
not	O
all	O
the	O
work	O
that	O
went	O
on	O
that	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
in	O
fifteen	B-CARDINAL
other	O
provinces	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
making	O
progress	O
towards	O
rebuilding	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


Secretary	O
of	O
Defense	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
weighed	O
in	O
/.	O


The	O
terrorists	O
seem	O
to	O
recognize	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
losing	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


I	O
believe	O
that	O
history	O
will	O
show	O
that	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
case	O
/.	O


Fortunately	O
history	O
is	O
not	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
daily	O
headlines	O
blogs	O
on	O
the	O
websites	O
or	O
the	O
latest	O
sensational	O
attack	O
/.	O


And	O
then	O
this	B-DATE
Wednesday	I-DATE
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
went	O
to	O
a	O
town	O
meeting	O
in	O
West	B-GPE
Virginia	I-GPE
of	O
his	O
supporters	O
/.	O


and	O
here	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
questions	O
that	O
was	O
asked	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
ask	O
you	O
this	O
from	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
my	O
heart	O
for	O
a	O
solution	O
to	O
this	O
because	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
our	O
major	O
media	O
networks	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
portray	O
the	O
good	O
.	O
They	O
just	O
want	O
to	O
focus	O
/-	O


Okay	O
hold	O
on	O
a	B-TIME
second	I-TIME
/.	O


They	O
just	O
want	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
another	O
car	O
bomb	O
/.	O


or	O
they	O
just	O
want	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
some	O
more	O
bloodshed	O
/.	O


Does	O
that	O
issue	O
work	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
mainstream	O
media	O
that	O
's	O
distorting	O
the	O
good	O
news	O
that	O
's	O
coming	O
out	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/?	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
helps	O
with	O
the	O
republican	B-NORP
base	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
helps	O
with	O
swing	O
voters	O
at	O
all	O
/.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
news	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
on	O
the	O
evening	O
news	O
at	O
night	O
a	O
car	O
that	O
is	O
n't	O
in	O
a	O
wreck	O
is	O
n't	O
in	O
the	O
news	O
/.	O


A	O
house	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
burn	O
a	O
building	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
burn	O
a	O
killing	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
take	O
place	O
/.	O


News	O
is	O
the	O
aberration	O
is	O
the	O
change	O
from	O
normalcy	O
/.	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
uh	O
eighty	B-CARDINAL
journalists	O
so	O
far	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
over	O
there	O
/.	O


Um	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
mean	O
getting	O
out	O
there	O
and	O
looking	O
around	O
wandering	O
around	O
Iraq	B-GPE
looking	O
for	O
good	O
news	O
sounds	O
to	O
me	O
like	O
a	O
good	O
way	O
to	O
get	O
killed	O
/.	O


And	O
then	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
thing	O
is	O
that	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
they	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
sell	O
this	O
because	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
uh	O
that	O
everything	O
's	O
fine	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
this	O
is	O
just	O
an	O
extenuation	O
of	O
holding	O
the	O
banner	O
that	O
says	O
mission	O
accomplished	O
/.	O


The	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
well	O
/.	O


They	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
well	O
/.	O


And	O
what	O
happens	O
in	O
fifteen	B-CARDINAL
provinces	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
/.	O


if	O
they	O
think	O
that	O
this	O
thing	O
is	O
just	O
really	O
going	O
to	O
hell	O
in	O
a	O
handbasket	O
um	O
I	O
mean	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
's	O
that	O
/.	O


David	B-PERSON
Broder	I-PERSON
/?	I-PERSON


The	O
ombudsman	O
at	O
The	B-ORG
Post	I-ORG
Deborah	B-PERSON
Howell	I-PERSON
has	O
a	O
very	O
thoughtful	O
analysis	O
of	O
this	O
question	O
in	O
the	O
paper	O
today	B-DATE
which	O
I	O
would	O
refer	O
people	O
to	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
answer	O
is	O
that	O
when	O
there	O
is	O
this	O
level	O
of	O
violence	O
and	O
turmoil	O
in	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
the	O
story	O
that	O
the	O
press	O
is	O
telling	O
/.	O


The	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
it	O
do	O
get	O
told	O
/.	O


but	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
dominate	O
the	O
news	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
ca	O
n't	O
dominate	O
the	O
news	O
given	O
the	O
realities	O
of	O
that	O
country	O
/.	O


Nor	O
should	O
they	O
dominate	O
the	O
news	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
weak	O
argument	O
/.	O


when	O
you	O
have	O
as	O
Charlie	B-PERSON
said	O
journalists	O
over	O
there	O
who	O
can	O
not	O
move	O
around	O
the	O
country	O
to	O
report	O
because	O
they	O
know	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
in	O
danger	O
of	O
being	O
killed	O
at	O
any	O
moment	O
that	O
tells	O
you	O
about	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
security	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
good	O
/.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
/?	I-ORG


the	O
other	O
thing	O
that	O
's	O
interesting	O
what	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
show	O
was	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
response	O
to	O
her	O
/.	O


I	O
was	O
there	O
that	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
/.	O


and	O
he	O
was	O
very	O
very	O
careful	O
not	O
to	O
jump	O
on	O
her	O
bandwagon	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
uh	O
I	O
mean	O
obviously	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
/.	O


She	O
did	O
it	O
for	O
him	O
/.	O


but	O
the	O
point	O
is	O
he	O
said	O
look	O
,	O
wait	O
a	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME
/.	O


You	O
know	O
um	O
I	O
understand	O
your	O
frustration	O
/.	O


but	O
um	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
free	O
press	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
/.	O


We	O
ca	O
n't	O
tell	O
them	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


He	O
pulled	O
back	O
somewhat	O
from	O
her	O
comment	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
're	O
right	O
Charlie	B-PERSON
that	O
they	O
know	O
they	O
ca	O
n't	O
sell	O
this	O
and	O
when	O
they	O
've	O
tried	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
it	O
has	O
backfired	O
on	O
them	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
President	O
also	O
said	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
blogs	O
and	O
find	O
out	O
some	O
more	O
information	O
/.	O


Yes	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
mean	O
these	O
are	O
gradations	O
here	O
in	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
response	O
/.	O


But	O
is	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
convinced	O
that	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
secure	O
the	O
base	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
for	O
the	O
President	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
hurt	O
to	O
go	O
after	O
the	O
media	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
/?	O


of	O
course	O
not	O
/.	O


They	O
do	O
it	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
/.	O


uh	O
and	O
they	O
complain	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
about	O
what	O
we	O
do	O
/.	O


but	O
I	O
have	O
noticed	O
this	O
past	O
week	O
Scott	B-PERSON
McClellan	I-PERSON
saying	O
the	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
Press	O
Secretary	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
blaming	O
the	O
media	O
for	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
a	O
couple	B-CARDINAL
times	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
/.	O


And	O
so	O
again	O
they	O
're	O
being	O
a	O
little	O
more	O
careful	O
here	O
than	O
usual	O
/.	O


And	O
did	O
you	O
really	O
fall	O
asleep	O
in	O
that	O
press	O
pool	O
/.	O


or	O
was	O
that	O
a	O
cheap	O
shot	O
by	O
the	O
President	O
/?	O


That	O
's	O
completely	O
inaccurate	O
/.	O


I	O
wo	O
n't	O
say	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
nodded	O
off	O
in	O
previous	O
speeches	O
but	O
not	O
that	O
one	O
/.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
difference	O
+between	O
meditation	O
and	O
sleep	O
/.	O


uh	O
David	B-PERSON
Broder	I-PERSON
let	O
me	O
turn	O
to	O
the	O
rebellion	O
that	O
I	O
sense	O
with	O
some	O
House	B-ORG
members	O
uh	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
when	O
you	O
go	O
talk	O
to	O
them	O
privately	O
/.	O


You	O
captured	O
it	O
in	O
your	O
column	O
this	O
way	O
/.	O


The	O
conflict	O
over	O
the	B-ORG
Dubai	I-ORG
Ports	I-ORG
World	I-ORG
brought	O
to	O
the	O
surface	O
deep	O
-	O
seated	O
resentments	O
from	O
the	O
Capitol	B-ORG
end	O
of	O
Pennsylvania	B-FAC
Avenue	I-FAC
toward	O
the	O
people	O
around	O
the	O
President	O
and	O
surprisingly	O
toward	O
Bush	B-PERSON
himself	O
/.	O


The	O
harmony	O
that	O
had	O
prevailed	O
during	O
most	O
of	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
tenure	O
the	O
deference	O
that	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
controlled	O
Congress	B-ORG
has	O
generally	O
shown	O
to	O
his	O
wishes	O
disappeared	O
/.	O


Even	O
the	O
normal	O
circumspection	O
with	O
which	O
congressional	O
Republicans	B-NORP
treat	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
withered	O
in	O
the	O
heat	O
of	O
this	O
dispute	O
/.	O


And	O
then	O
this	O
/.	O


Congressman	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Davis	I-PERSON
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
a	O
committee	O
chairman	O
told	O
The	B-ORG
Post	I-ORG
this	O
is	O
probably	O
the	O
worst	O
administration	O
ever	O
in	O
getting	O
Congress	B-ORG
'	O
opinion	O
on	O
anything	O
/.	O


Ouch	O
/.	O


Well	O
you	O
had	O
heard	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
comment	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
had	O
privately	O
from	O
Republicans	B-NORP
on	O
the	O
hill	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
somebody	O
like	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Davis	I-PERSON
former	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Congressional	I-ORG
Campaign	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
is	O
saying	O
it	O
publicly	O
on	O
the	O
record	O
uh	O
gives	O
you	O
a	O
measure	O
of	O
the	O
sort	O
of	O
fall	O
-	O
off	O
of	O
any	O
sense	O
of	O
either	O
loyalty	O
or	O
intimidation	O
whatever	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
call	O
it	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
/.	O


Uh	O
they	O
uh	O
feel	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
his	O
business	O
but	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
things	O
being	O
talked	O
about	O
Elisabeth	B-PERSON
Bumiller	I-PERSON
is	O
the	O
staff	O
shake	O
-	O
up	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
/.	O


This	O
is	O
how	O
you	O
reported	O
it	O
/.	O


Republicans	B-NORP
outside	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
say	O
that	O
had	O
pushed	O
Mister	O
Bush	B-PERSON
uh	O
not	O
to	O
replace	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
the	O
chief	O
uh	O
political	O
operator	O
Deputy	O
uh	O
Chief	O
of	O
Staff	O
but	O
rather	O
to	O
bring	O
in	O
someone	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
level	O
or	O
above	O
perhaps	O
as	O
minister	O
without	O
portfolio	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
Republican	B-NORP
said	O
Mister	O
Bush	B-PERSON
should	O
view	O
it	O
as	O
replacing	O
a	O
top	O
-	O
notch	O
pitcher	O
struggling	O
in	O
the	O
later	O
innings	O
of	O
a	O
baseball	O
game	O
rather	O
than	O
as	O
a	O
vote	O
of	O
no	O
-	O
confidence	O
in	O
a	O
friend	O
/.	O


So	O
who	O
's	O
the	O
reliever	O
/?	O


Well	O
there	O
's	O
lots	O
of	O
names	O
that	O
they	O
/-	O


You	O
've	O
heard	O
them	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
I	O
have	O
/.	O


Ed	B-PERSON
Gillespie	I-PERSON
uh	O
you	O
know	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Paxon	I-PERSON
/.	O


there	O
's	O
lots	O
of	O
names	O
/.	O


Um	O
the	O
question	O
is	O
are	O
they	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
/.	O


and	O
right	O
now	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
talk	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
/.	O


There	O
's	O
no	O
indication	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
has	O
signed	O
on	O
to	O
this	O
idea	O
/.	O


Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
has	O
told	O
people	O
that	O
he	O
thinks	O
that	O
bringing	O
somebody	O
in	O
without	O
a	O
clear	O
line	O
of	O
authority	O
is	O
a	O
mistake	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
the	O
bottom	O
line	O
is	O
is	O
this	O
going	O
to	O
help	O
with	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/?	O


you	O
know	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
talking	O
about	O
changing	O
policies	O
here	O
/.	O


we	O
're	O
you	O
know	O
changing	O
you	O
know	O
some	O
personnel	O
/.	O


so	O
that	O
's	O
/-	O


it	O
's	O
unclear	O
if	O
anything	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
/?	O


Well	O
chances	O
are	O
pretty	O
good	O
something	O
will	O
happen	O
/.	O


The	O
President	O
of	O
course	O
did	O
n't	O
rule	O
out	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
bringing	O
someone	O
on	O
/.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Paxon	I-PERSON
's	O
a	O
possibility	O
/.	O


Vin	B-PERSON
Weber	I-PERSON
's	O
also	O
a	O
possibility	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
over	O
time	O
you	O
could	O
see	O
some	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
staff	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


When	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
sort	O
of	O
the	O
big	O
three	O
or	O
the	O
biggest	O
names	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
Andy	B-PERSON
Card	I-PERSON
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
Dan	B-PERSON
Bartlett	I-PERSON
you	O
could	O
see	O
some	O
change	O
over	O
time	O
/.	O


Andy	B-PERSON
Card	I-PERSON
probably	O
the	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
leave	O
at	O
some	O
point	O
/.	O


He	O
's	O
almost	O
uh	O
already	O
the	O
longest	O
serving	O
Chief	O
of	O
Staff	O
ever	O
/.	O


You	O
could	O
see	O
some	O
change	O
there	O
/.	O


on	O
the	O
verge	O
of	O
dethroning	O
Sherman	B-PERSON
Adams	I-PERSON
of	O
Dwight	B-PERSON
Eisenhower	I-PERSON
fame	O
/.	O


You	O
bet	O
/.	O


Uh	O
let	O
me	O
turn	O
to	O
the	O
midterm	O
elections	O
where	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
+invariably	O
lead	O
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
our	O
latest	O
numbers	O
in	O
the	O
Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
poll	O
right	O
track	O
wrong	O
track	O
/.	O


United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
headed	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
direction	O
twenty	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
six	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
/.	O


Sixty	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
two	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
say	O
wrong	O
track	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
so	O
called	O
generic	O
question	O
who	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
control	O
Congress	B-ORG
/.	O


Republicans	B-NORP
thirty	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
seven	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
/.	O


Fifty	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
now	O
a	O
majority	O
say	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
/.	O


but	O
as	O
always	O
Charlie	B-PERSON
Cook	I-PERSON
is	O
warning	O
of	O
us	O
to	O
go	O
slow	O
/.	O


And	O
here	O
's	O
his	O
latest	O
column	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
/.	O


Despite	O
national	O
political	O
trends	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
GOP	B-ORG
is	O
in	O
serious	O
trouble	O
a	O
race	O
by	O
race	O
micro-analysis	O
suggests	O
that	O
Democrats	B-NORP
can	O
not	O
easily	O
seize	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
or	O
Senate	B-ORG
this	B-DATE
fall	I-DATE
/.	O


In	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
Democrats	B-NORP
need	O
a	O
net	O
gain	O
of	O
six	B-CARDINAL
seats	O
/.	O


Democrats	B-NORP
need	O
to	O
win	O
in	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
where	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Frist	I-PERSON
is	O
retiring	O
have	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
table	O
by	O
defeating	O
all	O
the	O
most	O
vulnerable	O
Republicans	B-NORP
while	O
holding	O
all	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
seats	O
including	O
in	O
Minnesota	B-GPE
where	O
their	O
incumbent	O
is	O
retiring	O
and	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
state	O
where	O
Senator	O
Maria	B-PERSON
Cantwell	I-PERSON
faces	O
a	O
very	O
strong	O
challenger	O
/.	O


They	O
also	O
need	O
to	O
hang	O
on	O
to	O
somewhat	O
more	O
secure	O
open	O
seats	O
in	O
Maryland	B-GPE
and	O
Vermont	B-GPE
as	O
well	O
as	O
fourteen	B-CARDINAL
other	O
incumbents	O
/.	O


Although	O
not	O
impossible	O
in	O
a	O
favorable	O
political	O
climate	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
tall	O
order	O
/.	O


and	O
here	O
are	O
the	O
vulnerable	O
states	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
Cook	B-PERSON
report	O
/.	O


Uh	O
vulnerable	O
senators	O
Conrad	B-PERSON
Burns	I-PERSON
in	O
Montana	B-GPE
Lincoln	B-PERSON
Chafee	I-PERSON
Rhode	B-GPE
Island	I-GPE
Mike	B-PERSON
DeWine	I-PERSON
Ohio	B-GPE
Santorum	B-PERSON
in	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
Jim	B-PERSON
Talent	I-PERSON
Missouri	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
seat	O
/.	O


Charlie	B-PERSON
what	O
do	O
you	O
see	O
in	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
/?	O


you	O
know	O
when	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
this	O
election	O
from	O
the	O
big	O
picture	O
the	O
national	O
numbers	O
boy	O
just	O
looks	O
horrible	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
looks	O
like	O
gosh	O
Republicans	B-NORP
will	O
be	O
lucky	O
if	O
they	O
hold	O
onto	O
anything	O
/.	O


And	O
then	O
you	O
do	O
the	O
race	O
by	O
race	O
like	O
this	O
/.	O


Now	O
the	O
thing	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
three	B-CARDINAL
or	O
four	B-CARDINAL
for	O
Democrats	B-NORP
probably	O
are	O
n't	O
that	O
hard	O
/.	O


But	O
when	O
you	O
get	O
to	O
the	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
and	O
sixth	B-ORDINAL
seats	O
you	O
get	O
to	O
winning	O
in	O
Ohio	B-GPE
and	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
open	O
seat	O
/.	O


Gosh	O
that	O
's	O
hard	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
real	O
real	O
real	O
strong	O
wind	O
up	O
their	O
backs	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O
where	O
there	O
's	O
structural	O
barriers	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
eighty	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
five	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
all	O
incumbent	O
senators	O
get	O
reelected	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
knock	O
out	O
five	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
/?	O


Now	O
it	O
can	O
happen	O
/.	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
hard	O
/.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
like	O
having	O
uh	O
structural	O
barriers	O
that	O
are	O
out	O
there	O
that	O
are	O
protecting	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
majorities	O
/.	O


and	O
if	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
category	O
one	B-CARDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
or	O
three	B-CARDINAL
hurricane	O
those	O
barriers	O
are	O
strong	O
enough	O
/.	O


but	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
four	B-CARDINAL
or	O
five	B-CARDINAL
they	O
're	O
not	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
question	O
is	O
how	O
tall	O
will	O
it	O
be	O
/.	O


And	O
Tim	B-PERSON
some	O
of	O
those	O
races	O
can	O
change	O
overnight	O
in	O
a	O
hurry	O
/.	O


Conrad	B-PERSON
Burns	I-PERSON
has	O
now	O
got	O
a	O
primary	O
challenge	O
from	O
a	O
significant	O
Republican	B-NORP
/.	O


There	O
's	O
some	O
talk	O
among	O
Republicans	B-NORP
that	O
maybe	O
Conrad	B-PERSON
Burns	I-PERSON
would	O
find	O
something	O
else	O
to	O
do	O
maybe	O
in	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
/.	O


That	O
could	O
change	O
in	O
a	O
hurry	O
/.	O


Charlie	B-PERSON
you	O
also	O
say	O
this	O
about	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
/.	O


In	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
where	O
Democrats	B-NORP
need	O
a	O
net	O
gain	O
of	O
fifteen	B-CARDINAL
seats	O
only	O
about	B-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
are	O
truly	O
in	O
play	O
today	B-DATE
/.	O


So	O
it	O
's	O
tough	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
get	O
an	O
inside	O
straight	O
/.	O


Right	O
there	O
're	O
basically	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
republican	B-NORP
seats	O
that	O
today	O
are	O
vulnerable	O
/.	O


Democrats	B-NORP
have	O
to	O
win	O
fifteen	B-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
and	O
hold	O
on	O
to	O
their	O
eleven	B-CARDINAL
the	O
toughest	O
ones	O
/.	O


And	O
again	O
they	O
can	O
do	O
it	O
/.	O


if	O
there	O
were	O
more	O
Republican	B-NORP
retirements	O
in	O
tough	O
districts	O
,	O
if	O
uh	O
/-	O


But	O
redistricting	O
and	O
the	O
incumbency	O
advantages	O
that	O
have	O
built	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
just	O
make	O
pulling	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
win	O
hard	O
unless	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
category	O
four	B-CARDINAL
or	O
five	B-CARDINAL
/.	O


Well	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
ninety	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
you	O
talked	O
about	O
micro-changes	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
to	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
seats	O
in	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
/.	O


and	O
the	O
tsunami	O
came	O
/.	O


Republicans	B-NORP
won	O
fifty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
seats	O
uh	O
electing	O
Newt	B-PERSON
Gingrich	I-PERSON
Speaker	O
of	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
/.	O


Newt	B-PERSON
Gingrich	I-PERSON
has	O
now	O
weighed	O
in	O
David	B-PERSON
Broder	I-PERSON
and	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
'	O
slogan	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
should	O
be	O
had	O
enough	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
thinks	O
that	O
would	O
work	O
/.	O


What	O
a	O
helper	O
Gingrich	B-PERSON
is	O
/.	O


Uh	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
'	O
real	O
slogan	O
may	O
very	O
well	O
be	O
would	O
n't	O
you	O
like	O
to	O
have	O
somebody	O
watching	O
the	O
store	O
because	O
the	O
sense	O
that	O
I	O
get	O
from	O
talking	O
to	O
voters	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
ready	O
to	O
entrust	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
but	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
really	O
comfortable	O
with	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
Republicans	B-NORP
have	O
been	O
running	O
things	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
simple	O
idea	O
of	O
having	O
a	O
little	O
oversight	O
uh	O
little	O
checks	O
and	O
balances	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
system	O
is	O
potentially	O
a	O
really	O
powerful	O
argument	O
for	O
Democrats	B-NORP
/.	O


Elisabeth	B-PERSON
Bumiller	I-PERSON
when	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
hears	O
little	O
oversight	O
checks	O
and	O
balances	O
to	O
them	O
it	O
means	O
hearings	O
with	O
subpoena	O
power	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
that	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
/.	O


No	O
no	O
/.	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Rove	I-PERSON
has	O
told	O
people	O
he	O
's	O
optomistic	O
they	O
can	O
hang	O
on	O
to	O
both	O
Houses	O
um	O
uh	O
if	O
/-	O


But	O
he	O
also	O
has	O
said	O
yes	O
it	O
can	O
happen	O
the	O
way	O
Charlie	B-PERSON
Cook	I-PERSON
says	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
Pre-	O
/-	O


the	O
President	O
's	O
out	O
a	O
lot	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
campaigning	O
already	O
raising	O
money	O
for	O
candidates	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
he	O
's	O
out	O
in	O
all	O
these	O
big	O
states	O
/.	O


Because	O
the	O
last	O
thing	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
wants	O
is	O
investigation	O
into	O
weapons	O
of	O
mass	O
destruction	O
and	O
to	O
prison	O
abuse	O
and	O
to	O
religious	O
rights	O
in	O
Afghanistan	O
/.	O


drop	O
the	O
issue	O
/.	O


and	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
hearing	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
that	O
's	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
presidency	O
then	O
/.	O


and	O
they	O
know	O
that	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
true	O
Tim	B-PERSON
/.	O


but	O
let	O
's	O
keep	O
in	O
mind	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
keeping	O
Republican	B-NORP
majority	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
top	O
priority	O
for	O
this	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
/.	O


Winning	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
top	O
priority	O
/.	O


And	O
secondly	B-ORDINAL
it	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
the	O
worst	O
thing	O
to	O
happen	O
to	O
George	B-PERSON
W	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
if	O
Democrats	B-NORP
had	O
a	O
weak	O
majority	O
/.	O


You	O
could	O
see	O
some	O
deals	O
cut	O
especially	O
on	O
entitlement	O
programs	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
if	O
Democrats	B-NORP
try	O
to	O
resolve	O
a	O
problem	O
before	O
they	O
hope	O
they	O
get	O
a	O
president	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
nine	I-DATE
/.	O


David	O
is	O
it	O
enough	O
for	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
to	O
say	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
the	O
Republicans	B-NORP
period	O
/.	O


or	O
do	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
come	O
forward	O
with	O
a	O
specific	O
proposal	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
these	O
problems	O
including	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/?	O


Well	O
if	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
responsible	O
they	O
need	O
some	O
policy	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
great	O
void	O
on	O
the	O
Democratic	B-NORP
side	O
is	O
nobody	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
today	B-DATE
what	O
their	O
policy	O
is	O
about	O
Iraq	B-GPE
about	O
entitlements	O
or	O
about	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
challenges	O
facing	O
the	O
country	O
/.	O


Whether	O
they	O
need	O
that	O
politically	O
somebody	O
else	O
is	O
smart	O
enough	O
to	O
decide	O
/.	O


But	O
if	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
responsible	O
party	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
policy	O
/.	O


Do	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
/?	O


See	O
I	O
would	O
argue	O
that	O
minority	O
parties	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
responsible	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
good	O
thing	O
going	O
for	O
them	O
/.	O


and	O
when	O
they	O
try	O
to	O
be	O
responsible	O
they	O
're	O
just	O
going	O
to	O
dig	O
themselves	O
into	O
a	O
hole	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
your	O
job	O
is	O
to	O
throw	O
rocks	O
/.	O


Once	O
you	O
start	O
offering	O
alternatives	O
then	O
suddenly	O
you	O
're	O
playing	O
defense	O
as	O
well	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
Democrats	B-NORP
would	O
be	O
crazy	O
from	O
a	O
political	O
standpoint	O
to	O
offer	O
up	O
proposals	O
/.	O


That	O
movie	O
Cool	B-WORK_OF_ART
Hand	I-WORK_OF_ART
Luke	I-WORK_OF_ART
sometimes	O
nothing	O
's	O
a	O
real	O
cool	O
hand	O
/.	O


Exactly	O
/.	O


Elisabeth	B-PERSON
Afghanistan	B-GPE
a	O
very	O
thorny	O
issue	O
for	O
this	O
president	O
uh	O
who	O
is	O
uh	O
very	O
open	O
about	O
his	O
Christianity	B-NORP
/.	O


and	O
now	O
we	O
have	O
the	O
situation	O
where	O
it	O
appears	O
this	O
gentleman	O
who	O
converted	O
to	O
Christianity	B-NORP
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
spared	O
the	O
death	O
penalty	O
/.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
an	O
ongoing	O
issue	O
as	O
Secretary	O
Rice	B-PERSON
seemed	O
to	O
indicate	O
as	O
that	O
democracy	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
goes	O
through	O
some	O
serious	O
growing	O
pains	O
dealing	O
with	O
religious	O
rights	O
women	O
's	O
rights	O
civil	O
rights	O
human	O
rights	O
/.	O


Right	O
well	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
happens	O
when	O
you	O
call	O
for	O
democracy	O
in	O
problematic	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
/.	O


We	O
saw	O
this	O
in	O
the	O
elections	O
in	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
obviously	O
/.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
do	O
when	O
you	O
call	O
for	O
democracy	O
and	O
the	O
wrong	O
party	O
wins	O
in	O
your	O
view	O
/?	O


This	O
was	O
also	O
going	O
on	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
/.	O


Um	O
the	O
president	O
was	O
ver-	O
/-	O


You	O
know	O
you	O
saw	O
him	O
this	O
week	O
saying	O
this	O
was	O
deeply	O
troubling	O
/.	O


Um	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
interesting	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
was	O
going	O
on	O
behind	O
the	O
scenes	O
and	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
pressure	O
was	O
put	O
on	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
our	O
good	O
ally	O
/.	O


Um	O
obviously	O
uh	O
uh	O
it	O
looks	O
like	O
they	O
got	O
out	O
of	O
this	O
one	O
for	O
now	O
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
uh	I-PERSON
Harwood	I-PERSON
Secretary	O
Rice	B-PERSON
openly	O
talking	O
about	O
American	B-NORP
troop	O
withdrawals	O
/.	O


How	O
much	O
are	O
politicans	O
expecting	O
to	O
have	O
significant	O
troop	O
withdrawals	O
before	O
the	O
midterm	O
elections	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
Republicans	B-NORP
are	O
definitely	O
expecting	O
it	O
and	O
that	O
could	O
change	O
the	O
political	O
environment	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
biggest	O
drivers	O
of	O
this	O
wrong	O
track	O
sentiment	O
that	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
talking	O
about	O
this	O
morning	O
/.	O


Uh	O
but	O
eh	O
as	O
uh	O
uh	O
David	B-PERSON
discussed	O
Democrats	B-NORP
do	O
n't	O
exactly	O
have	O
a	O
clear	O
voice	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
finesse	O
it	O
this	O
week	O
and	O
have	O
an	O
event	O
drawing	O
together	O
all	O
factions	O
of	O
the	O
party	O
criticizing	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
calling	O
for	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
transition	O
without	O
specifying	O
exactly	O
how	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
place	O
trying	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
umbrella	O
under	O
which	O
those	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
withdraw	O
troops	O
quickly	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
more	O
slowly	O
can	O
all	O
rally	O
behind	O
/.	O


Is	O
n't	O
that	O
the	O
Republicans	B-NORP
'	O
hope	O
David	B-PERSON
that	O
by	O
October	B-DATE
enough	O
troops	O
have	O
come	O
home	O
the	O
President	O
can	O
then	O
give	O
a	O
speech	O
that	O
says	O
you	O
see	O
/.	O


we	O
're	O
making	O
progress	O
/.	O


Stay	O
the	O
course	O
/.	O


Do	O
n't	O
take	O
a	O
chance	O
by	O
going	O
on	O
with	O
these	O
other	O
guys	O
and	O
doing	O
something	O
dangerous	O
/.	O


If	O
that	O
happens	O
the	O
Republicans	B-NORP
would	O
benefit	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
country	O
would	O
benefit	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
let	O
's	O
just	O
hope	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
possible	O
/.	O


Charlie	B-PERSON
Cook	I-PERSON
politically	O
will	O
that	O
be	O
enough	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
people	O
's	O
anxieties	O
concerns	O
about	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/?	O


That	O
would	O
help	O
a	O
lot	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
your	O
NBC	B-ORG
Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
polls	O
show	O
that	O
Iraq	B-GPE
was	O
just	O
a	O
wet	O
blanket	O
over	O
the	O
administration	O
/.	O


It	O
was	O
weighing	O
everything	O
down	O
/.	O


And	O
these	O
Republican	B-NORP
members	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
told	O
us	O
he	O
comes	O
in	O
for	O
the	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
uh	O
House	B-ORG
Republican	B-NORP
conference	O
lunch	O
and	O
he	O
can	O
tell	O
who	O
's	O
just	O
gotten	O
a	O
poll	O
back	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
this	O
shell	O
-	O
shocked	O
look	O
on	O
their	O
face	O
/.	O


Somebody	O
else	O
said	O
ashen	O
/.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
other	O
member	O
said	O
suddenly	O
they	O
start	O
going	O
into	O
fundraising	O
frenzies	O
because	O
they	O
're	O
getting	O
polls	O
back	O
in	O
their	O
individual	O
districts	O
that	O
are	O
starting	O
to	O
reflect	O
those	O
national	O
numbers	O
that	O
look	O
so	O
horrible	O
for	O
them	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
March	B-DATE
madness	O
for	O
congressional	O
Republicans	B-NORP
too	O
Tim	B-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
'll	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
/.	O


Speaking	O
of	O
March	B-DATE
madness	O
you	O
're	O
a	O
Duke	B-ORG
man	O
/.	O


Who	O
do	O
you	O
like	O
now	O
/?	O


Boy	O
I	O
'm	O
rooting	O
for	O
George	O
Mason	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
the	O
uh	O
underdog	O
pick	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


The	O
Patriots	B-ORG
/.	O


Charlie	B-PERSON
/?	O


LSU	B-ORG
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
from	O
Shreveport	B-GPE
Louisianna	I-GPE
/.	O


Shreveport	B-GPE
/.	O


Georgetown	B-ORG
's	O
out	O
/.	O


so	O
I	O
'm	O
for	O
LSU	B-ORG
/.	O


David	B-PERSON
+Broder	I-PERSON
/?	I-PERSON


Villanova	B-ORG
/.	O


Villanova	B-ORG
/.	O


I	O
got	O
my	O
BC	B-ORG
hat	O
/.	O


I	O
was	O
ready	O
to	O
wear	O
this	O
for	O
the	O
final	O
four	B-CARDINAL
/.	O


but	O
uh	O
uh	O
I	O
/-	O


you	O
know	O
what	O
/.	O


you	O
got	O
to	O
go	O
for	O
big	O
baby	O
Davis	B-PERSON
/.	O


Elisabeth	B-PERSON
/?	O


You	O
're	O
the	O
basketball	O
fan	O
/.	O


whatever	O
you	O
say	O
Tim	B-PERSON
/.	O


Who	O
's	O
playing	O
/?	O


I	O
'm	O
better	O
than	O
that	O
/.	O


Alright	O
you	O
sure	O
are	O
/.	O


Elisabeth	B-PERSON
Bumiller	I-PERSON
John	B-PERSON
Harwood	I-PERSON
David	B-PERSON
Broder	I-PERSON
Charlie	B-PERSON
Cook	I-PERSON
we	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


Do	O
n't	O
forget	O
/.	O


you	O
can	O
now	O
watch	O
the	B-TIME
entire	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
of	O
Meet	B-ORG
the	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
whenever	O
wherever	O
you	O
want	O
/.	O


Our	O
Meet	B-ORG
the	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
webcast	O
posted	O
each	O
Sunday	B-DATE
at	O
one	B-TIME
PM	I-TIME
eastern	I-TIME
on	O
our	O
website	O
MTP	O
dot	O
MSNBC	B-ORG
dot	O
com	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
all	O
for	O
today	B-DATE
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
back	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
/.	O


If	O
it	O
's	O
Sunday	B-DATE
it	O
's	O
Meet	B-ORG
the	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
/.	O


Do	O
you	O
ever	O
watch	O
Dateline	B-ORG
NBC	I-ORG
/?	O


Yes	O
/.	O


Have	O
you	O
ever	O
seen	O
our	O
stories	O
on	O
computer	O
predators	O
/?	O


Yes	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
/.	O


do	O
n't	O
/.	O


Tim	B-PERSON
Russert	I-PERSON
will	O
be	O
back	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
at	O
a	O
special	O
earlier	O
time	O
eight	B-TIME
am	I-TIME
Eastern	I-TIME
right	O
before	O
the	O
Wimbledon	B-EVENT
finals	O
/.	O


The	O
evidence	O
is	O
the	O
evidence	O
/.	O


The	O
tapes	O
are	O
the	O
tapes	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
Pam	O
would	O
just	O
be	O
convicted	O
again	O
/.	O


For	O
William	B-PERSON
Smart	I-PERSON
to	O
this	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
the	O
murder	O
of	O
his	O
son	O
still	O
does	O
n't	O
make	O
sense	O
/.	O


In	O
his	O
office	O
hangs	O
Greg	B-PERSON
's	O
wedding	O
picture	O
minus	O
Pam	B-PERSON
/.	O


This	O
could	O
have	O
been	O
prevented	O
by	O
a	O
certain	O
little	O
divorce	O
decree	O
/.	O


If	O
she	O
wanted	O
a	O
divorce	O
and	O
she	O
wanted	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
marriage	O
all	O
she	O
had	O
to	O
do	O
was	O
go	O
to	O
an	O
attorney	O
and	O
get	O
a	O
divorce	O
/.	O


It	O
was	O
n't	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
murdering	O
your	O
spouse	O
/.	O


This	O
woman	O
is	O
very	O
wrong	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
hope	O
to	O
God	O
she	O
stays	O
in	O
there	O
And	O
lives	O
a	O
long	O
long	O
time	O
/.	O


I	O
have	O
peace	O
in	O
my	O
heart	O
knowing	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
n't	O
involved	O
in	O
this	O
except	O
for	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
relationship	O
that	O
I	O
had	O
with	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Flin	I-PERSON
which	O
I	O
've	O
already	O
I	O
believe	O
you	O
know	O
put	O
myself	O
through	O
enough	O
behind	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
feel	O
that	O
when	O
I	O
look	O
in	O
the	O
mirror	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
that	O
I	O
hate	O
who	O
I	O
see	O
/.	O


Because	O
now	O
I	O
'm	O
this	O
evil	O
person	O
who	O
you	O
know	O
did	O
all	O
this	O
/.	O


no	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
/.	O


I	O
have	O
peace	O
in	O
my	O
heart	O
/.	O


But	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
felt	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
anguish	O
in	O
my	O
life	O
being	O
incarcerated	O
/.	O


It	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
easy	O
/.	O


For	O
now	O
it	O
appears	O
that	O
Pamela	B-PERSON
Smart	I-PERSON
will	O
spend	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
her	O
life	O
behind	O
bars	O
/.	O


Just	O
recently	O
she	O
reflected	O
on	O
that	O
with	O
MSNBC	B-ORG
's	O
Rita	B-PERSON
Cosbey	I-PERSON
/.	O


Sometimes	O
I	O
think	O
about	O
that	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
like	O
what	O
if	O
I	O
really	O
never	O
got	O
out	O
of	O
here	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
uh	O
how	O
am	O
I	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
/?	O


some	O
days	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
I	O
can	O
/.	O


And	O
other	O
days	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
/.	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
young	O
men	O
Billy	B-PERSON
Flin	I-PERSON
and	O
Patric	B-PERSON
Randell	I-PERSON
will	O
not	O
be	O
eligible	O
for	O
parole	O
until	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
eighteen	I-DATE
/.	O


In	O
June	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
Raymond	B-PERSON
Fowler	I-PERSON
was	O
granted	O
parole	O
and	O
released	O
from	O
prison	O
/.	O


Two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
after	O
serving	O
fifteen	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
eighteen	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
sentence	O
Vance	B-PERSON
Ladamie	I-PERSON
was	O
also	O
paroled	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
our	O
report	O
/.	O


Thanks	O
for	O
watching	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
John	B-PERSON
/.	O


Tuning	O
in	O
today	O
Andrea	B-PERSON
Mitchell	I-PERSON
/.	O


Our	O
issues	O
this	B-DATE
Sunday	I-DATE
battles	O
on	O
capital	B-ORG
hill	I-ORG
/.	O


Iraq	B-GPE
immigration	O
flag	O
burn	O
the	O
supreme	O
court	O
ruling	O
against	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
claim	O
of	O
war	O
time	O
power	O
/.	O


All	O
setting	O
the	O
stage	O
for	O
November	B-DATE
's	O
midterm	O
election	O
/.	O


With	O
us	O
the	O
Assistant	O
Senate	B-ORG
Majority	O
Leader	O
Mitch	B-PERSON
McConnell	I-PERSON
republican	B-NORP
of	O
Kentucky	B-GPE
And	O
the	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Senatorial	I-ORG
Campaign	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
Chuck	B-PERSON
Schummer	I-PERSON
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
/.	O


McConnell	B-PERSON
and	O
Schumer	B-PERSON
square	O
off	O
/.	O


Then	O
the	O
President	O
leads	O
an	O
attack	O
on	O
the	O
media	O
/.	O


There	O
can	O
be	O
no	O
excuse	O
for	O
anyone	O
entrusted	O
with	O
vital	O
intelligence	O
to	O
leak	O
it	O
And	O
no	O
excuse	O
for	O
any	O
newspaper	O
to	O
print	O
it	O
/.	O


Leaks	O
freedom	O
of	O
the	O
press	O
and	O
national	O
security	O
/.	O


Insights	O
and	O
analysis	O
from	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Bennett	I-PERSON
radio	O
host	O
and	O
author	O
of	O
America	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Last	I-WORK_OF_ART
Best	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hope	I-WORK_OF_ART
John	B-PERSON
Harwood	I-PERSON
of	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
and	O
CNBC	B-ORG
Dana	B-PERSON
Priest	I-PERSON
of	O
The	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
And	O
William	B-PERSON
Safire	I-PERSON
of	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
/.	O


And	O
in	O
our	O
Meet	B-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Press	I-WORK_OF_ART
Minute	I-WORK_OF_ART
thirty	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
issued	O
an	O
injunction	O
allowing	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
to	O
continue	O
publication	O
of	O
the	O
classified	O
Pentagon	B-WORK_OF_ART
Papers	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


The	O
man	O
who	O
leaked	O
the	O
Papers	B-WORK_OF_ART
to	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
Daniel	B-PERSON
Ellsberg	I-PERSON
was	O
a	O
guest	O
on	O
Meet	B-ORG
The	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
May	B-DATE
twentieth	I-DATE
nineteen	I-DATE
seventy	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
/.	O


I	O
've	O
not	O
met	O
a	O
lawyer	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
who	O
could	O
say	O
clearly	O
that	O
the	O
acts	O
that	O
I	O
admitted	O
doing	O
copying	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Pentagon	I-WORK_OF_ART
Papers	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	O
which	O
I	O
had	O
authorized	O
possession	O
and	O
giving	O
those	O
copies	O
to	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
Foreign	B-ORG
Relations	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
ultimately	O
to	O
the	O
press	O
violated	O
any	O
law	O
/.	O


But	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Senator	O
McConnell	B-PERSON
and	O
Senator	O
Schumer	B-PERSON
welcome	O
both	O
/.	O


In	O
a	O
major	O
rebuke	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
to	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
house	I-ORG
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
ruled	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
has	O
to	O
abide	O
by	O
the	B-LOC
Geneva	I-LOC
convention	I-LOC
and	O
the	O
uniform	O
code	O
of	O
military	O
justice	O
when	O
handling	O
detainees	O
uh	O
And	O
ruled	O
that	O
the	O
military	O
tribunals	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
the	O
/.	O


Senator	O
McConnell	B-PERSON
in	O
addition	O
to	O
this	O
the	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
editors	O
wrote	O
in	O
reaction	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
decision	O
striking	O
down	O
the	O
military	O
tribunal	O
set	O
up	O
to	O
private	O
detainees	O
being	O
held	O
in	O
Guantanamo	B-FAC
bay	O
it	O
is	O
far	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
narrow	O
ruling	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
military	O
courts	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
and	O
welcome	O
reaffirmation	O
That	O
even	O
in	O
times	O
of	O
war	O
the	O
law	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
constitution	O
the	O
statuette	O
books	O
and	O
the	B-LOC
Geneva	I-LOC
convention	I-LOC
say	O
it	O
is	O
.	O
Not	O
what	O
the	O
President	O
wants	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
/.	O


Senator	O
in	O
a	O
broader	O
sense	O
is	O
n't	O
this	O
a	O
real	O
rebuke	O
out	O
of	O
repudiation	O
of	O
the	O
broad	O
authority	O
That	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
been	O
claiming	O
since	O
nine	B-EVENT
eleven	I-EVENT
/?	O


Well	O
first	B-ORDINAL
and	O
most	O
importantly	O
the	O
decision	O
did	O
not	O
require	O
the	O
President	O
to	O
release	O
the	O
prisoners	O
at	O
Guantanamo	B-EVENT
/.	O


Nor	O
did	O
it	O
require	O
the	O
president	O
to	O
close	O
Guantanamo	B-FAC
/.	O


Correct	O
/.	O


It	O
said	O
that	O
uh	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
try	O
these	O
individuals	O
an	O
appropriate	O
thing	O
to	O
do	O
would	O
be	O
for	O
the	O
President	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
Congress	B-ORG
uh	O
to	O
create	O
military	O
commission	O
/.	O


Or	O
there	O
were	O
two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
options	O
Both	O
of	O
which	O
I	O
think	O
were	O
clearly	O
unacceptable	O
/.	O


So	O
what	O
I	O
think	O
Congress	B-ORG
will	O
be	O
doing	O
is	O
creating	O
military	O
commission	O
/.	O


And	O
second	B-ORDINAL
a	O
very	O
disturbing	O
aspect	O
of	O
the	O
decision	O
was	O
that	O
the	O
court	O
held	O
uh	O
common	O
article	B-LAW
three	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
Geneva	I-LAW
convention	I-LAW
applicable	O
to	O
um	O
American	B-NORP
service	O
men	O
/.	O


And	O
this	O
means	O
that	O
American	B-NORP
service	O
men	O
potentially	O
can	O
be	O
accused	O
of	O
war	O
crimes	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
Congress	B-ORG
is	O
going	O
to	O
want	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
that	O
as	O
well	O
when	O
it	O
enacts	O
these	O
military	O
commissions	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
soon	O
/.	O


uh	O
and	O
so	O
we	O
'll	O
be	O
dealing	O
with	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
/.	O


you	O
have	O
time	O
/?	O


you	O
're	O
going	O
off	O
now	O
/?	O


Are	O
you	O
off	O
now	O
/?	O


There	O
's	O
nothing	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
the	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
uh	O
we	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
act	O
on	O
this	O
very	O
soon	O
either	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
or	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
Certainly	O
uh	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
/.	O


Senator	O
Schumer	B-PERSON
will	O
this	O
be	O
a	O
bipartisan	O
effort	O
/?	O


And	O
can	O
you	O
agree	O
on	O
the	O
fix	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
will	O
/.	O


uh	O
Look	O
let	O
's	O
face	O
it	O
Andrea	B-PERSON
/.	O


The	O
world	O
is	O
a	O
different	O
place	O
/.	O


And	O
in	O
this	O
war	O
on	O
terrorism	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
set	O
battlefields	O
/.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
enemy	O
wearing	O
uniforms	O
/.	O


So	O
to	O
change	O
things	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
idea	O
/.	O


The	O
problem	O
is	O
this	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
has	O
felt	O
it	O
could	O
just	O
change	O
things	O
unilateral	O
Against	O
the	O
Constitution	B-LAW
against	O
the	O
systems	O
of	O
checks	O
and	O
balances	O
/.	O


Had	O
they	O
come	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
on	O
this	O
issue	O
my	O
guess	O
is	O
they	O
would	O
have	O
gotten	O
most	O
of	O
what	O
they	O
wanted	O
/.	O


But	O
what	O
's	O
happened	O
here	O
,	O
because	O
there	O
is	O
such	O
a	O
view	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
power	O
is	O
infinite	O
and	O
unchecked	O
by	O
anybody	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
ever	O
a	O
President	O
has	O
had	O
those	O
kinds	O
of	O
views	O
they	O
keep	O
running	O
into	O
brick	O
walls	O
In	O
this	O
case	O
a	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
that	O
has	O
generally	O
been	O
sympathetic	O
to	O
executive	O
power	O
/.	O


And	O
so	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
not	O
only	O
look	O
at	O
this	O
issue	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
issues	O
as	O
well	O
Because	O
this	O
ruling	O
undercuts	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
things	O
the	O
President	O
has	O
done	O
/.	O


But	O
on	O
giving	O
the	O
President	O
what	O
he	O
needs	O
and	O
giving	O
our	O
country	O
what	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
fight	O
the	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
there	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
agreement	O
/.	O


Well	O
let	O
's	O
break	O
it	O
down	O
here	O
Because	O
this	O
ruling	O
does	O
indicate	O
to	O
some	O
human	O
rights	O
groups	O
that	O
this	O
applies	O
to	O
the	O
prisoners	O
in	O
secret	O
CIA	B-ORG
prisons	O
to	O
the	O
prisoners	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
Beyond	O
Guantanamo	B-FAC
/.	O


Are	O
we	O
going	O
to	O
see	O
a	O
flood	O
of	O
habeas	O
corpus	O
petitions	O
now	O
Senator	O
McConnell	B-PERSON
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
clearly	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
act	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
pleased	O
to	O
hear	O
that	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
thinks	O
that	O
we	O
may	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
on	O
a	O
bipartisan	O
basis	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
note	O
that	O
this	O
president	O
has	O
n't	O
done	O
anything	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
enemy	O
combatants	O
that	O
had	O
n't	O
been	O
done	O
by	O
previous	O
presidents	O
/.	O


The	O
Court	B-ORG
now	O
has	O
stepped	O
eh	O
eh	O
into	O
the	O
field	O
And	O
said	O
we	O
must	O
create	O
these	O
commissions	O
/.	O


Well	O
we	O
're	O
happy	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
hopeful	O
it	O
'll	O
be	O
done	O
on	O
a	O
bipartisan	O
basis	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
pass	O
something	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
our	O
military	O
servicemen	O
uh	O
subject	O
uh	O
to	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
international	O
rules	O
/.	O


Of	O
course	O
not	O
/.	O


But	O
we	O
are	O
signatories	O
to	O
the	B-LAW
Geneva	I-LAW
Conventions	I-LAW
/.	O


Why	O
should	O
n't	O
our	O
servicemen	O
be	O
/-	O


but	O
the	O
enemy	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
signatory	O
to	O
the	B-LAW
Geneva	I-LAW
Conventions	I-LAW
/.	O


So	O
why	O
should	O
these	O
uh	O
terrorists	O
uh	O
be	O
subjected	O
uh	O
to	O
something	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
signatories	O
to	O
/?	O


The	O
good	O
news	O
Andrea	B-PERSON
is	O
that	O
the	O
Court	B-ORG
particularly	O
Breyer	B-PERSON
's	O
decision	O
said	O
Congress	B-ORG
could	O
change	O
the	O
rules	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
rules	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
there	O
's	O
disagreement	O
on	O
that	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
will	O
/.	O


Security	O
and	O
liberty	O
have	O
a	O
tenuous	O
and	O
careful	O
balance	O
in	O
this	O
republic	O
/.	O


It	O
changes	O
from	O
time	O
to	O
time	O
And	O
should	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
problem	O
here	O
again	O
/-	O


you	O
're	O
right	O
/.	O


There	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
court	O
petitions	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
create	O
huge	O
discombobulation	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
far	O
worse	O
off	O
than	O
if	O
the	O
administration	O
had	O
come	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
originally	O
and	O
gotten	O
this	O
done	O
/.	O


But	O
and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
agree	O
with	O
Mitch	B-PERSON
here	O
This	O
view	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
has	O
the	O
sole	O
right	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
military	O
force	O
doctrine	O
when	O
none	O
of	O
this	O
was	O
even	O
discussed	O
or	O
mentioned	O
is	O
the	O
wrong	O
view	O
/.	O


and	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
/.	O


Andrea	B-PERSON
could	O
I	O
just	O
/-	O


Senator	O
McConnell	B-PERSON
should	O
Guantanamo	B-FAC
now	O
just	O
be	O
closed	O
/?	O


No	O
I	O
d-	O
I	O
I	O
/-	O


Because	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
been	O
such	O
a	O
black	O
eye	O
diplomatically	O
/.	O


what	O
are	O
we	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
these	O
people	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
we	O
want	O
them	O
to	O
free	O
them	O
so	O
they	O
can	O
come	O
kill	O
us	O
again	O
/?	O


Look	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
Congress	B-ORG
is	O
very	O
very	O
likely	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
President	O
exactly	O
what	O
he	O
thinks	O
he	O
needs	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
fight	O
the	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
/.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
important	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
to	O
remember	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
attacked	O
again	O
here	O
at	O
home	O
again	O
since	O
nine	B-EVENT
eleven	I-EVENT
/.	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
an	O
accident	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
an	O
accident	O
/.	O


The	O
policies	O
that	O
we	O
've	O
pursued	O
are	O
protecting	O
us	O
here	O
at	O
home	O
/.	O


But	O
is	O
this	O
Court	B-ORG
ruling	O
a	O
strong	O
signal	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
that	O
it	O
should	O
now	O
agree	O
with	O
Senator	O
McCain	B-PERSON
Senator	O
Lindsey	B-PERSON
Graham	I-PERSON
and	O
others	O
in	O
your	O
party	O
who	O
believe	O
that	O
it	O
should	O
go	O
along	O
with	O
the	B-LAW
Geneva	I-LAW
Convention	I-LAW
in	O
terms	O
of	O
rules	O
of	O
the	O
road	O
for	O
our	O
soldiers	O
/?	O


I	O
think	O
Congress	B-ORG
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
reluctant	O
to	O
subject	O
American	B-NORP
military	O
people	O
to	O
potential	O
war	O
crimes	O
uh	O
violations	O
/.	O


So	O
John	B-PERSON
McCain	I-PERSON
is	O
wrong	O
on	O
this	O
/?	O


Well	O
we	O
'll	O
see	O
/.	O


we	O
're	O
looking	O
for	O
the	O
administration	O
's	O
advice	O
about	O
what	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
fight	O
the	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
/.	O


My	O
guess	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
Congress	B-ORG
is	O
very	O
likely	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
President	O
what	O
he	O
thinks	O
he	O
needs	O
the	O
tools	O
he	O
thinks	O
he	O
needs	O
to	O
protect	O
us	O
here	O
at	O
home	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
quite	O
that	O
simple	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
careful	O
looking	O
again	O
at	O
what	O
certain	O
due	O
process	O
elements	O
are	O
that	O
the	O
Constitution	B-LAW
and	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
has	O
required	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
/.	O


But	O
giving	O
the	O
President	O
the	O
tool	O
he	O
needs	O
yes	O
/.	O


But	O
there	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
other	O
thing	O
that	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
Andrea	B-PERSON
given	O
the	O
sweeping	O
nature	O
of	O
this	O
decision	O
not	O
so	O
much	O
on	O
the	O
specifics	O
of	O
what	O
can	O
be	O
done	O
But	O
on	O
how	O
it	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
/.	O


I	O
've	O
sent	O
a	O
letter	O
today	O
to	O
Attorney	O
General	O
Gonzales	B-PERSON
asking	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
a	O
review	O
now	O
in	O
light	O
of	O
this	O
decision	O
of	O
all	O
their	O
other	O
abrogations	O
of	O
power	O
So	O
we	O
avoid	O
this	O
mess	O
again	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
on	O
these	O
other	O
issues	O
Whether	O
it	O
's	O
wire	O
taps	O
or	O
anything	O
else	O
Where	O
the	O
administration	O
just	O
said	O
unilaterally	O
we	O
can	O
do	O
whatever	O
we	O
want	O
/.	O


That	O
is	O
not	O
how	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
works	O
/.	O


Well	O
let	O
me	O
turn	O
to	O
another	O
controversy	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
battle	O
over	O
national	O
security	O
leaks	O
/.	O


The	O
House	B-ORG
voted	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
on	O
a	O
resolution	O
condemning	O
the	O
publication	O
by	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
and	O
several	O
other	O
newspapers	O
particularly	O
though	O
The	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
/.	O


Now	O
the	O
resolution	O
said	O
The	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Representatives	I-ORG
expects	O
the	O
cooperation	O
of	O
all	O
news	O
media	O
organizations	O
in	O
protecting	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
Americans	B-NORP
And	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
identify	O
disrupt	O
and	O
capture	O
terrorists	O
by	O
not	O
disclosing	O
classified	O
intelligence	O
programs	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Terrorist	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
Tracking	I-ORG
Program	I-ORG
/.	O


Representative	O
Peter	B-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
said	O
If	O
there	O
is	O
another	O
terror	O
attack	O
the	O
blood	O
will	O
be	O
on	O
their	O
hands	O
Meaning	O
on	O
the	O
editors	O
and	O
reporters	O
of	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
and	O
elsewhere	O
/.	O


The	O
President	O
expressed	O
anger	O
over	O
this	O
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
give	O
a	O
listen	O
to	O
that	O
/.	O


The	O
disclosure	O
of	O
this	O
program	O
is	O
disgraceful	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
at	O
war	O
with	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
hurt	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
America	I-GPE
/.	O


And	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
leak	O
that	O
program	O
and	O
for	O
a	O
newspaper	O
to	O
publish	O
it	O
does	O
great	O
harm	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
America	I-GPE
/.	O


Senator	O
Schumer	B-PERSON
on	O
January	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
you	O
said	O
about	O
an	O
earlier	O
leak	O
regarding	O
the	O
NSA	B-ORG
surveillance	O
that	O
quote	O
Whenever	O
classified	O
information	O
is	O
leaked	O
there	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
investigation	O
because	O
it	O
could	O
endanger	O
our	O
security	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


So	O
I	O
would	O
presume	O
you	O
now	O
would	O
agree	O
with	O
the	O
President	O
that	O
this	O
leak	O
should	O
also	O
be	O
investigated	O
/.	O


Well	O
it	O
certainly	O
should	O
be	O
investigated	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
President	O
and	O
others	O
have	O
gone	O
way	O
overboard	O
/.	O


How	O
so	O
/?	O


um	O
How	O
so	O
/?	O


Look	O
we	O
believe	O
in	O
a	O
free	O
press	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
/.	O


The	O
press	O
is	O
often	O
antagonistic	O
or	O
uh	O
probing	O
of	O
people	O
in	O
power	O
/.	O


We	O
all	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
that	O
/.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
part	O
of	O
America	B-GPE
/.	O


And	O
as	O
a	O
founding	O
father	O
said	O
when	O
they	O
first	B-ORDINAL
wrote	O
the	O
Constitution	B-LAW
true	O
to	O
this	O
day	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
good	O
thing	O
for	O
America	B-GPE
/.	O


There	O
are	O
exceptions	O
/.	O


One	O
is	O
if	O
it	O
harms	O
national	O
security	O
/.	O


Now	O
all	O
of	O
these	O
statements	O
by	O
the	O
President	O
and	O
others	O
are	O
jumping	O
the	O
gun	O
/.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
harmed	O
national	O
security	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Banking	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
for	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


It	O
is	O
broad	O
public	O
knowledge	O
stated	O
by	O
administration	O
officials	O
/-	O


Have	O
you	O
been	O
briefed	O
on	O
this	O
/?	O


I	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
briefed	O
privately	O
on	O
this	O
program	O
/.	O


but	O
we	O
've	O
had	O
people	O
come	O
before	O
the	B-ORG
Banking	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
uh	O
publicly	O
from	O
Treasury	B-ORG
and	O
other	O
departments	O
/.	O


the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
has	O
made	O
statements	O
,	O
others	O
have	O
made	O
statements	O
,	O
that	O
we	O
monitor	O
and	O
track	O
terrorist	O
financing	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
successful	O
/.	O


Well	O
/.	O


So	O
that	O
you	O
uh	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
reports	O
,	O
the	O
terrorists	O
do	O
n't	O
use	O
the	O
banks	O
as	O
much	O
/.	O


So	O
to	O
jump	O
out	O
front	O
and	O
just	O
blast	O
a	O
newspaper	O
that	O
they	O
may	O
not	O
like	O
that	O
to	O
me	O
is	O
totally	O
wrong	O
/.	O


it	O
's	O
the	O
guilty	O
verdict	O
first	B-ORDINAL
/.	O


And	O
the	O
trial	O
/.	O


uh	O
Pat	B-PERSON
Roberts	I-PERSON
has	O
called	O
for	O
an	O
investigation	O
/.	O


Fine	O
let	O
it	O
be	O
a	O
fair	O
/-	O


The	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


Let	O
it	O
be	O
a	O
fair	O
and	O
down	O
the	O
middle	O
investigation	O
/.	O


My	O
guess	O
It	O
will	O
find	O
that	O
national	O
security	O
was	O
not	O
compromised	O
a	O
jot	O
/.	O


Well	O
let	O
me	O
pick	O
up	O
on	O
/-	O


because	O
Treasury	O
Secretary	O
Snow	B-PERSON
took	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
reporters	O
on	O
a	O
trip	O
to	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
show	O
off	O
how	O
they	O
were	O
tracking	O
terror	O
financing	O
/.	O


So	O
Senator	O
McConnell	B-PERSON
do	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
have	O
it	O
both	O
ways	O
/?	O


Do	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
brag	O
about	O
their	O
success	O
record	O
in	O
tracking	O
this	O
financing	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
yell	O
and	O
scream	O
about	O
the	O
reporters	O
when	O
they	O
print	O
the	O
source	O
/?	O


Well	O
look	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
leaks	O
are	O
abominable	O
/.	O


And	O
printing	O
of	O
the	O
leaks	O
is	O
certainly	O
trouble	O
/.	O


You	O
can	O
talk	O
in	O
general	O
about	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
doing	O
without	O
revealing	O
the	O
specifics	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
all	O
regret	O
uh	O
that	O
the	O
times	O
and	O
other	O
publications	O
chose	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
President	O
essentially	O
had	O
it	O
correctly	O
/.	O


Well	O
let	O
me	O
show	O
you	O
a	O
joint	O
statement	O
that	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
oped	O
pages	O
of	O
both	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
and	O
The	B-ORG
Los	I-ORG
Angeles	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
yesterday	B-DATE
/.	O


The	O
editors	O
of	O
those	O
newspapers	O
wrote	O
the	O
banking	O
articles	O
did	O
not	O
dwell	O
on	O
the	O
operational	O
or	O
technical	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
but	O
on	O
its	O
sweep	O
The	O
questions	O
about	O
its	O
legal	O
basis	O
and	O
the	O
issues	O
of	O
oversight	O
/.	O


We	O
understand	O
that	O
honorable	O
people	O
may	O
disagree	O
with	O
any	O
of	O
these	O
choices	O
to	O
publish	O
or	O
not	O
to	O
publish	O
/.	O


But	O
making	O
those	O
decisions	O
is	O
the	O
responsibility	O
that	O
falls	O
to	O
editors	O
A	O
corollary	O
to	O
the	O
great	O
gift	O
of	O
our	O
independence	O
/.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
responsibility	O
we	O
take	O
lightly	O
/.	O


And	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
one	O
we	O
can	O
surrender	O
to	O
the	O
government	O
/.	O


After	O
that	O
in	O
fact	O
The	O
Wall	O
Street	O
Journal	O
attacked	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
on	O
its	O
editorial	O
pages	O
Friday	B-DATE
/.	O


So	O
this	O
was	O
clearly	O
a	O
response	O
to	O
that	O
/.	O


uh	O
Even	O
though	O
the	O
Journal	B-ORG
had	O
itself	O
published	O
uh	O
the	O
same	O
story	O
about	O
terror	O
financing	O
in	O
its	O
news	O
columns	O
which	O
is	O
separate	O
from	O
its	O
editorial	O
pages	O
/.	O


Senator	O
McConnell	B-PERSON
has	O
the	O
administration	O
and	O
its	O
conservative	O
supporters	O
now	O
embarked	O
on	O
a	O
calculated	O
campaign	O
to	O
demonize	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
and	O
other	O
newspapers	O
but	O
particularly	O
The	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
as	O
a	O
political	O
calculus	O
because	O
it	O
'll	O
help	O
in	O
the	O
midterm	O
elections	O
/?	O


Look	O
eh	O
eh	O
newspapers	O
are	O
very	O
very	O
important	O
in	O
our	O
country	O
/.	O


The	O
media	O
is	O
important	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
free	O
press	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
press	O
is	O
not	O
responsible	O
for	O
our	O
national	O
security	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
the	O
President	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
other	O
agencies	O
that	O
look	O
after	O
us	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
principle	O
outlets	O
in	O
the	O
press	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
to	O
be	O
responsible	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
uh	O
this	O
publishing	O
of	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
information	O
is	O
helpful	O
/.	O


And	O
nor	O
do	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
uh	O
in	O
um	O
doing	O
their	O
job	O
/.	O


Andrea	O
let	O
me	O
say	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
things	O
/.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
you	O
asked	O
about	O
a	O
double	O
standard	O
/.	O


There	O
clearly	O
is	O
a	O
double	O
standard	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
with	O
the	O
administration	O
/.	O


They	O
leak	O
things	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
leak	O
/.	O


And	O
when	O
the	O
Plame	B-PERSON
leak	O
came	O
out	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
outrage	O
/.	O


there	O
was	O
no	O
high	O
dudgeon	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
criminal	O
standard	O
which	O
uh	O
special	O
prosecutor	O
Fitzgerald	B-PERSON
is	O
handling	O
it	O
's	O
clear	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
leaks	O
/.	O


There	O
's	O
been	O
no	O
punishment	O
no	O
outcry	O
etcetera	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
have	O
it	O
both	O
ways	O
And	O
use	O
leaks	O
when	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
And	O
do	O
n't	O
use	O
leaks	O
when	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
/.	O


But	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
point	O
here	O
/.	O


When	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
difficult	O
situations	O
and	O
clearly	O
Iraq	B-GPE
now	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
And	O
uh	O
this	O
administration	O
has	O
a	O
penchant	O
for	O
diversion	O
and	O
scapegoating	O
/.	O


And	O
here	O
's	O
the	O
good	O
news	O
the	O
good	O
news	O
for	O
America	B-GPE
and	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
good	O
news	O
in	O
many	O
ways	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
solve	O
the	O
problem	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


They	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
solve	O
the	O
problem	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
on	O
terrorism	O
where	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
is	O
deteriorating	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
are	O
tired	O
and	O
see	O
through	O
these	O
diversions	O
/.	O


They	O
want	O
real	O
solutions	O
/.	O


They	O
want	O
real	O
progress	O
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
talk	O
about	O
real	O
solutions	O
Senator	O
Because	O
Democrats	B-NORP
are	O
sharply	O
divided	O
over	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


Two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
only	O
thirteen	B-CARDINAL
Senate	B-ORG
Democrats	B-NORP
supported	O
the	B-LAW
Kerry	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
Feingold	I-LAW
amendment	I-LAW
by	O
Senators	O
Kerry	B-PERSON
and	O
Feingold	B-PERSON
calling	O
for	O
an	O
immediate	O
withdrawal	O
/.	O


You	O
were	O
not	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
/.	O


But	O
as	O
the	O
party	O
's	O
Campaign	O
Chairman	O
for	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
campaign	O
does	O
n't	O
that	O
amendment	O
make	O
Democrats	B-NORP
look	O
weak	O
/?	O


Not	O
at	O
all	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
our	O
job	O
is	O
/?	O


Look	O
the	O
President	O
is	O
Commander	O
in	O
Chief	O
/.	O


By	O
the	O
Constitution	B-LAW
and	O
everything	O
else	O
is	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


He	O
got	O
us	O
in	O
there	O
/.	O


he	O
's	O
got	O
to	O
figure	O
a	O
way	O
out	O
/.	O


our	O
job	O
is	O
oversight	O
/.	O


Our	O
job	O
is	O
holding	O
people	O
accountable	O
/.	O


so	O
wait	O
a	B-TIME
second	I-TIME
/.	O


you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
election	O
to	O
the	O
voters	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


Do	O
n't	O
you	O
also	O
have	O
the	O
job	O
as	O
Campaign	O
Chairman	O
for	O
Democrats	B-NORP
of	O
presenting	O
an	O
alternative	O
/?	O


Let	O
me	O
say	O
this	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
what	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
want	O
is	O
for	O
the	O
Congress	B-ORG
to	O
hold	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
feet	O
to	O
the	O
fire	O
/.	O


Now	O
we	O
did	O
present	O
an	O
alternative	O
The	O
one	O
that	O
a	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
Democrats	B-NORP
voted	O
for	O
including	O
some	O
who	O
voted	O
for	O
the	O
other	O
one	O
which	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
drafted	O
by	O
Senator	O
Levin	B-PERSON
and	O
Senator	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Reed	I-PERSON
of	O
Rhode	B-GPE
Island	I-GPE
/.	O


And	O
it	O
basically	O
said	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
in	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
not	O
public	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
set	O
a	O
specific	O
deadline	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
the	O
resolution	O
did	O
n't	O
like	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
go	O
this	O
commitment	O
is	O
not	O
open	O
-	O
ended	O
and	O
they	O
better	O
get	O
their	O
act	O
together	O
or	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
keep	O
us	O
there	O
/.	O


But	O
make	O
no	O
mistake	O
about	O
it	O
Andrea	B-PERSON
/.	O


A	O
minority	O
party	O
in	O
the	O
Congress	B-ORG
has	O
a	O
job	O
/.	O


The	O
job	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
oversighting	O
accountability	O
/.	O


We	O
are	O
not	O
the	O
Commander	O
in	O
Chief	O
/.	O


We	O
are	O
not	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
all	O
of	O
those	O
things	O
/.	O


No	O
/.	O


So	O
to	O
set	O
guidelines	O
,	O
to	O
set	O
a	O
general	O
direction	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
did	O
in	O
the	B-LAW
Reed	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
Levin	I-LAW
amendment	I-LAW
is	O
correct	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
what	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
are	O
most	O
upset	O
about	O
is	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
Congress	B-ORG
is	O
not	O
holding	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
feet	O
to	O
the	O
fire	O
at	O
all	O
/.	O


But	O
with	O
all	O
due	O
respect	O
when	O
we	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
politics	O
of	O
this	O
Senator	O
Chris	B-PERSON
Dodd	I-PERSON
who	O
has	O
said	O
he	O
's	O
considering	O
running	O
for	O
president	O
said	O
that	O
in	O
fact	O
the	B-LAW
Kerry	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
Feingold	I-LAW
amendment	I-LAW
hurts	O
rather	O
than	O
helps	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
/.	O


Oh	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
buy	O
that	O
/.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
Senator	O
Feingold	B-PERSON
said	O
to	O
Tim	B-PERSON
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
about	O
those	O
like	O
yourself	O
who	O
voted	O
against	O
it	O
/.	O


I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
the	O
one	O
thing	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
of	O
Tim	O
is	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
have	O
had	O
it	O
with	O
this	O
intervention	O
/.	O


They	O
do	O
want	O
a	O
timetable	O
for	O
bringing	O
home	O
the	O
troops	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
fact	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
Senate	B-ORG
does	O
n't	O
get	O
it	O
should	O
n't	O
surprise	O
you	O
/.	O


So	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
Democratic	B-NORP
Senate	B-ORG
is	O
out	O
of	O
touch	O
with	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
/.	O


Yes	O
it	O
is	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
/.	O


Those	O
who	O
vote	O
against	O
bringing	O
the	O
troops	O
home	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
it	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
not	O
out	O
there	O
enough	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
not	O
listening	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
/.	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
when	O
Democrats	B-NORP
do	O
n't	O
have	O
an	O
agreed	O
upon	O
policy	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/?	O


Very	O
s-	O
/-	O


But	O
we	O
do	O
/.	O


the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
Democrats	B-NORP
supported	O
the	B-LAW
Levin	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
Reed	I-LAW
resolution	I-LAW
which	O
called	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
transition	O
And	O
said	O
tell	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
it	O
's	O
not	O
open	O
-	O
ended	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
would	O
say	O
this	O
/.	O


The	O
ball	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
election	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
is	O
in	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
court	O
/.	O


All	O
of	O
the	O
debates	O
in	O
the	O
Congress	B-ORG
this	O
resolution	O
that	O
resolution	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
pale	O
in	O
significance	O
before	O
how	O
things	O
are	O
going	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


And	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
every	O
poll	O
shows	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
common	O
sense	O
hold	O
the	O
President	O
responsible	O
/.	O


Senator	O
McConnell	B-PERSON
let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
about	O
something	O
that	O
you	O
said	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
war	O
back	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
/.	O


American	B-NORP
success	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
showed	O
that	O
armchair	O
generals	O
and	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
reporters	O
were	O
wrong	O
in	O
their	O
assessments	O
of	O
how	O
difficult	O
the	O
war	O
would	O
be	O
/.	O


rebuilding	O
Iraq	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
much	O
easier	O
than	O
rebuilding	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
he	O
said	O
Because	O
Iraq	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
well	O
educated	O
population	O
and	O
the	O
oil	O
to	O
finance	O
reconstruction	O
/.	O


Iraq	B-GPE
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
jewel	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
/.	O


Was	O
that	O
a	O
miscalculation	O
on	O
your	O
part	O
reflecting	O
what	O
the	O
administration	O
's	O
miscalculation	O
was	O
/?	O


Well	O
certainly	O
uh	O
the	O
taking	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
went	O
as	O
expected	O
/.	O


The	O
aftermath	O
has	O
been	O
much	O
more	O
difficult	O
/.	O


the	O
fact	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
gone	O
on	O
a	O
while	O
creates	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
debates	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
are	O
having	O
among	O
themselves	O
over	O
whether	O
we	O
get	O
out	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
or	O
get	O
out	O
by	O
next	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
or	O
begin	O
to	O
get	O
out	O
at	O
some	O
point	O
/.	O


And	O
people	O
do	O
become	O
impatient	O
/.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
important	O
to	O
remember	O
Andrea	B-PERSON
The	O
most	O
important	O
thing	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
attacked	O
again	O
here	O
since	O
nine	B-EVENT
eleven	I-EVENT
/.	O


We	O
've	O
been	O
on	O
offense	O
/.	O


We	O
've	O
invaded	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
Invaded	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/.	O


There	O
're	O
democratic	O
governments	O
now	O
in	O
both	O
places	O
/.	O


Is	O
it	O
easy	O
there	O
/?	O


No	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
/.	O


But	O
these	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
kinds	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
attacked	O
us	O
here	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/.	O


They	O
've	O
not	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
again	O
because	O
the	O
President	O
made	O
the	O
fundamentally	O
correct	O
decision	O
to	O
get	O
on	O
offense	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
've	O
gone	O
after	O
these	O
people	O
Somewhere	O
else	O
Fighting	O
them	O
in	O
places	O
like	O
Kabul	B-GPE
and	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
so	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
have	O
them	O
again	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
and	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
/.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
been	O
a	O
fundamentally	O
sound	O
decision	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
're	O
succeeding	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
briefly	O
turn	O
to	O
immigration	O
/.	O


uh	O
Gentlemen	O
there	O
is	O
now	O
talk	O
of	O
a	O
possible	O
compromise	O
which	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
two	B-CARDINAL
step	O
process	O
where	O
you	O
would	O
delay	O
guest	O
workers	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
perhaps	O
As	O
long	O
as	O
that	O
But	O
first	B-ORDINAL
do	O
the	O
border	O
security	O
/.	O


uh	O
Senator	O
McConnell	B-PERSON
you	O
've	O
been	O
trying	O
to	O
support	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
/.	O


But	O
is	O
this	O
something	O
where	O
you	O
and	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
Republicans	B-NORP
could	O
move	O
toward	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
position	O
and	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
something	O
before	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
/?	O


Well	O
I	O
'd	O
rather	O
have	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
bill	O
than	O
not	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
needs	O
to	O
tilt	O
toward	O
uh	O
border	O
security	O
/.	O


uh	O
We	O
're	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
beefing	O
up	O
border	O
security	O
anyway	O
through	O
our	O
appropriations	O
process	O
Whether	O
or	O
not	O
we	O
're	O
able	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
immigration	O
settlement	O
/.	O


But	O
we	O
're	O
better	O
to	O
have	O
this	O
bill	O
than	O
not	O
/.	O


And	O
my	O
preference	O
is	O
/-	O


And	O
Senator	O
Schumer	B-PERSON
I	O
see	O
you	O
're	O
nodding	O
in	O
agreement	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


I	O
mean	O
the	O
problem	O
here	O
Mitch	B-PERSON
McConnell	I-PERSON
Chuck	B-PERSON
Schumer	I-PERSON
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
supported	O
the	O
bill	O
that	O
came	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
/.	O


But	O
you	O
'd	O
rather	O
have	O
something	O
than	O
nothing	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
tough	O
bill	O
/.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
fair	O
bill	O
/.	O


But	O
here	O
's	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
/.	O


you	O
know	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
wing	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
that	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
that	O
bill	O
/.	O


They	O
tend	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
in	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
than	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
/.	O


And	O
they	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
hold	O
things	O
up	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
having	O
these	O
hearings	O
/.	O


Well	O
we	O
've	O
had	O
hearing	O
hearing	O
hearing	O
/.	O


But	O
now	O
it	O
looks	O
like	O
we	O
may	O
shortcircuit	O
that	O
/.	O


The	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
want	O
a	O
solution	O
/.	O


Senator	O
Schumer	B-PERSON
as	O
you	O
well	O
know	O
in	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
your	O
colleague	O
and	O
friend	O
and	O
former	O
vice-presidential	O
candidate	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
has	O
a	O
heated	O
primary	O
race	O
on	O
his	O
hands	O
against	O
anti-war	O
candidate	O
Ned	B-PERSON
Lamont	I-PERSON
/.	O


Now	O
let	O
me	O
show	O
you	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
ad	O
that	O
the	O
Lamont	B-PERSON
campaign	O
is	O
airing	O
which	O
morphs	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
with	O
uh	O
pictures	O
of	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
/.	O


Joe	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
on	O
the	O
Iraq	B-GPE
war	O
/.	O


We	O
are	O
now	O
at	O
a	O
point	O
where	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
war	O
of	O
necessity	O
/.	O


Joe	B-PERSON
Leiberman	I-PERSON
may	O
say	O
he	O
represents	O
us	O
/.	O


But	O
if	O
it	O
talks	O
like	O
George	B-PERSON
W	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
and	O
acts	O
like	O
George	B-PERSON
W	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
it	O
's	O
certainly	O
not	O
a	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
Democrat	B-NORP
/.	O


Okay	O
as	O
Campaign	O
Chairman	O
will	O
you	O
now	O
today	B-DATE
commit	O
to	O
supporting	O
whoever	O
wins	O
that	O
Democratic	B-NORP
primary	O
in	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
where	O
he	O
is	O
now	O
facing	O
that	O
uh	O
tough	O
challenge	O
/?	O


Well	O
let	O
me	O
say	O
this	O
Andrea	B-PERSON
/.	O


Harry	B-PERSON
Reid	I-PERSON
myself	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Campaign	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
in	O
this	O
primary	O
are	O
supporting	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
/.	O


And	O
we	O
're	O
doing	O
everything	O
we	O
can	O
to	O
help	O
him	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
speculate	O
on	O
what	O
happens	O
after	O
the	O
primary	O
Because	O
we	O
believe	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Leiberman	I-PERSON
is	O
going	O
to	O
win	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
undermine	O
my	O
candidate	O
by	O
speculating	O
about	O
what	O
might	O
happen	O
afterwards	O
/.	O


We	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
win	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
're	O
supporting	O
him	O
in	O
the	O
primaries	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
supporting	O
him	O
even	O
though	O
his	O
position	O
on	O
the	O
war	O
is	O
completely	O
contrary	O
to	O
most	O
Democrats	B-NORP
/?	O


Well	O
again	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
is	O
united	O
in	O
holding	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
feet	O
to	O
the	O
fire	O
on	O
oversight	O
/.	O


But	O
why	O
wo	O
n't	O
you	O
commit	O
today	O
to	O
supporting	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
the	O
former	O
vice-presidential	O
nominee	O
/?	O


But	O
/-	O


Because	O
/-	O


You	O
're	O
basically	O
saying	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
support	O
the	O
Democrat	B-NORP
whoever	O
wins	O
/?	O


I	O
am	O
saying	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
supporting	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
primary	O
/.	O


But	O
only	O
for	O
the	O
primary	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
speculate	O
about	O
things	O
afterwards	O
/.	O


Because	O
that	O
undermines	O
your	O
candidate	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
supporting	O
Joe	B-PERSON
/.	O


He	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
win	O
/.	O


Are	O
you	O
suggesting	O
that	O
you	O
might	O
not	O
support	O
the	O
Democratic	B-NORP
winner	O
/?	O


as	O
I	O
said	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
speculate	O
on	O
the	O
future	O
Because	O
we	O
're	O
for	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Leiberman	I-PERSON
in	O
this	O
primary	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
what	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
is	O
is	O
here	O
/.	O


But	O
/-	O


Well	O
there	O
you	O
go	O
/.	O


So	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
up	O
through	O
the	O
primary	O
/.	O


and	O
then	O
he	O
's	O
on	O
his	O
own	O
/?	O


We	O
're	O
not	O
speculating	O
after	O
the	O
primary	O
/.	O


What	O
if	O
he	O
runs	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
/?	O


We	O
're	O
not	O
speculating	O
after	O
the	O
primary	O
/.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
make	O
sense	O
/.	O


When	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
candidate	O
you	O
're	O
supporting	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
say	O
what	O
happens	O
if	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
win	O
/?	O


Andrea	B-PERSON
/?	O


Yes	O
/.	O


Could	O
I	O
just	O
say	O
this	O
illustrates	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
Democrat	B-NORP
's	O
problem	O
/.	O


weigh	O
in	O
on	O
this	O
one	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
sure	O
you	O
'll	O
want	O
to	O
/.	O


Weigh	O
in	O
/.	O


Joe	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
voted	O
against	O
all	O
of	O
their	O
cut	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
run	O
proposals	O
All	O
of	O
them	O
/.	O


He	O
supports	O
the	O
President	O
in	O
his	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
And	O
in	O
the	O
uh	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
uh	O
chapter	O
of	O
that	O
/.	O


And	O
it	O
creates	O
a	O
real	O
dilemma	O
/.	O


The	O
Democrats	B-NORP
are	O
obviously	O
totally	O
divided	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
how	O
to	O
handle	O
the	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
/.	O


Well	O
let	O
me	O
help	O
you	O
get	O
off	O
the	O
/-	O


Andrea	B-PERSON
wait	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
agree	O
with	O
that	O
/.	O


If	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
every	O
poll	O
who	O
do	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
have	O
more	O
faith	O
in	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/?	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
/.	O


Who	O
do	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
/-	O


Do	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
direction	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
/?	O


Absolutely	O
/.	O


But	O
Senator	O
/-	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
respect	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
Democrats	B-NORP
do	O
have	O
divisions	O
And	O
are	O
debating	O
this	O
And	O
not	O
just	O
marching	O
in	O
lockstep	O
to	O
whatever	O
the	O
President	O
does	O
Because	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
happy	O
with	O
what	O
the	O
President	O
is	O
doing	O
/.	O


This	O
debate	O
that	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
are	O
having	O
/-	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
help	O
us	O
/.	O


This	O
debate	O
that	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
are	O
having	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
big	O
issue	O
in	O
the	O
fall	O
campaign	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
this	O
debate	O
with	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
/.	O


Speaking	O
of	O
debates	O
and	O
rivalries	O
Roll	B-ORG
Call	I-ORG
Newspaper	I-ORG
reports	O
Senator	O
Schumer	B-PERSON
that	O
you	O
and	O
your	O
fellow	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
senator	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
have	O
such	O
an	O
intense	O
rivalry	O
that	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
you	O
and	O
Harry	B-PERSON
Reid	I-PERSON
your	O
Democratic	B-NORP
leader	O
rather	O
tried	O
to	O
exclude	O
her	O
from	O
a	O
news	O
conference	O
to	O
announce	O
one	O
of	O
her	O
pet	O
issues	O
/.	O


um	O
Is	O
it	O
that	O
intense	O
the	O
rivalry	O
between	O
you	O
and	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
/?	O


No	O
it	O
's	O
absolutely	O
journalistic	O
chatter	O
/.	O


Ted	B-PERSON
Kennedy	I-PERSON
's	O
been	O
our	O
leader	O
on	O
minimum	O
wage	O
/.	O


Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
came	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
great	O
idea	O
Tie	O
minimum	O
wage	O
to	O
the	O
pay	O
increase	O
/.	O


So	O
why	O
did	O
n't	O
you	O
schedule	O
the	O
news	O
conference	O
when	O
she	O
could	O
show	O
up	O
/?	O


and	O
Harry	B-PERSON
Reid	I-PERSON
/-	O


As	O
we	O
did	O
/.	O


And	O
she	O
showed	O
up	O
/.	O


And	O
then	O
we	O
had	O
another	O
one	O
where	O
she	O
showed	O
up	O
/.	O


Harry	B-PERSON
Reid	I-PERSON
as	O
our	O
leader	O
has	O
done	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
thing	O
here	O
/.	O


He	O
has	O
said	O
that	O
as	O
a	O
party	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
support	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
's	O
idea	O
that	O
there	O
be	O
no	O
pay	O
raise	O
until	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
minimum	O
wage	O
increase	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
've	O
had	O
two	B-CARDINAL
news	O
conferences	O
.	O
um	O
with	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Ted	B-PERSON
Kennedy	I-PERSON
Harry	B-PERSON
and	O
myself	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
worked	O
out	O
extremely	O
well	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
cut	O
to	O
the	O
chase	O
here	O
/.	O


If	O
she	O
announces	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
running	O
for	O
president	O
will	O
you	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
customary	O
and	O
support	O
your	O
fellow	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
senator	O
for	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/?	O


Is	O
that	O
what	O
/-	O


Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
is	O
running	O
for	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
of	O
New	B-PERSON
York	I-PERSON
/.	O


She	O
is	O
doing	O
a	O
great	O
job	O
running	O
/.	O


We	O
spent	O
all	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
together	O
going	O
through	O
the	O
flood	O
uh	O
torn	O
areas	O
/.	O


Will	O
you	O
support	O
her	O
for	O
president	O
if	O
she	O
chooses	O
to	O
run	O
for	O
president	O
/?	O


And	O
she	O
is	O
focused	O
on	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
/.	O


I	O
will	O
wait	O
till	O
after	O
she	O
wins	O
for	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
to	O
decide	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


But	O
if	O
she	O
announces	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
run	O
for	O
president	O
will	O
you	O
support	O
her	O
/?	O


Well	O
let	O
's	O
let	O
her	O
announce	O
first	B-ORDINAL
/.	O


All	O
right	O
/.	O


Well	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
leave	O
it	O
right	O
there	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
/.	O


Senator	O
Schumer	B-PERSON
Senator	O
McConnell	B-PERSON
/.	O


and	O
happy	O
Independence	B-EVENT
Day	I-EVENT
to	O
both	O
of	O
you	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
/.	O


Same	O
to	O
you	O
/.	O


And	O
coming	O
next	O
freedom	O
of	O
the	O
press	O
versus	O
national	O
security	O
/.	O


Our	O
round	O
table	O
with	O
radio	O
host	O
and	O
author	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Bennett	I-PERSON
William	B-PERSON
Safire	I-PERSON
of	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
Dana	B-PERSON
Priest	I-PERSON
of	O
The	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
and	O
John	B-PERSON
Harwood	I-PERSON
of	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
/.	O


All	O
coming	O
up	O
on	O
Meet	B-ORG
the	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
/.	O


Our	O
round	O
table	O
on	O
balancing	O
press	O
freedoms	O
and	O
national	O
security	O
after	O
this	O
brief	O
station	O
break	O
/.	O


Welcome	O
all	O
/.	O


Well	O
first	B-ORDINAL
the	O
firestorm	O
over	O
leaks	O
/.	O


uh	O
For	O
years	B-DATE
the	O
President	O
and	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
have	O
been	O
trumpeting	O
their	O
success	O
in	O
following	O
terror	O
money	O
/.	O


So	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Bennett	I-PERSON
what	O
is	O
the	O
harm	O
in	O
what	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
and	O
other	O
newspapers	O
did	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
publishing	O
their	O
stories	O
/?	O


Well	O
there	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
saying	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
harm	O
/.	O


Ask	O
the	O
Undersecretary	O
of	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
Stuart	B-PERSON
Levy	I-PERSON
who	O
is	O
very	O
upset	O
about	O
it	O
/.	O


Ask	O
the	O
Secretary	O
of	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
departing	O
secretary	O
Secretary	O
Snow	B-PERSON
/.	O


Ask	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Kean	I-PERSON
and	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Hamilton	I-PERSON
the	O
co-chairmen	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Nine	I-ORG
Eleven	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
/.	O


They	O
're	O
not	O
exactly	O
Bush	B-PERSON
uh	O
uh	O
camp	O
followers	O
/.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
Kean	I-PERSON
said	O
in	O
an	O
interview	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
a	O
very	O
successful	O
program	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
very	O
successful	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
against	O
terror	O
has	O
been	O
lost	O
compromised	O
because	O
of	O
this	O
/.	O


Well	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
true	O
that	O
in	O
fact	O
this	O
program	O
was	O
hinted	O
at	O
in	O
the	O
Nine	B-ORG
Eleven	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
report	O
/?	O


And	O
both	O
NBC	B-ORG
analyst	O
Roger	B-PERSON
Cressey	I-PERSON
who	O
is	O
a	O
former	O
national	O
security	O
official	O
and	O
his	O
fellow	O
former	O
NSC	B-ORG
officer	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Clarke	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
no	O
harm	O
was	O
done	O
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
look	O
at	O
what	O
they	O
wrote	O
in	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
about	O
this	O
/.	O


Wildly	O
overblown	O
are	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
's	O
protests	O
that	O
the	O
press	O
revelations	O
about	O
the	O
financial	O
monitoring	O
program	O
may	O
tip	O
off	O
the	O
terrorists	O
/.	O


They	O
want	O
the	O
public	O
to	O
believe	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
not	O
already	O
occurred	O
to	O
every	O
terrorist	O
on	O
the	O
planet	O
that	O
his	O
telephone	O
was	O
probably	O
monitored	O
and	O
his	O
international	O
bank	O
transfers	O
subject	O
to	O
scrutiny	O
/.	O


How	O
gullible	O
does	O
the	O
administration	O
take	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
citizenry	O
to	O
be	O
/?	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Safire	I-PERSON
does	O
the	O
press	O
have	O
an	O
obligation	O
/-	O


Well	O
/-	O


is	O
that	O
it	O
/?	O


Is	O
that	O
it	O
for	O
me	O
/?	O


No	O
/.	O


Stand	O
by	O
/.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
ask	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Safire	I-PERSON
to	O
weigh	O
in	O
on	O
this	O
/.	O


Well	O
here	O
we	O
are	O
/-	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Does	O
the	O
press	O
have	O
an	O
obligation	O
to	O
print	O
or	O
not	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
/?	O


And	O
were	O
they	O
giving	O
away	O
state	O
secrets	O
/?	O


Look	O
uh	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
speak	O
for	O
the	O
Times	B-ORG
/.	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
in	O
the	O
Times	B-ORG
for	O
thirty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
disagreeing	O
with	O
Times	B-ORG
editorial	O
policy	O
right	O
down	O
the	O
line	O
/.	O


On	O
this	O
one	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
did	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
/.	O


Here	O
we	O
are	O
on	O
Independence	B-EVENT
Day	I-EVENT
weekend	O
Two	B-DATE
hundred	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
thirty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
celebrating	O
what	O
was	O
the	O
resistance	O
to	O
a	O
king	O
who	O
said	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
hang	O
you	O
for	O
treason	O
/.	O


And	O
here	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
Long	B-GPE
Island	I-GPE
congressman	O
happens	O
to	O
be	O
named	O
King	B-PERSON
who	O
's	O
saying	O
treason	O
and	O
put	O
these	O
reporters	O
in	O
jail	O
/.	O


uh	O
I	O
think	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
fundamental	O
thing	O
going	O
on	O
here	O
now	O
uh	O
and	O
uh	O
across	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
get	O
the	O
press	O
get	O
the	O
media	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
look	O
I	O
used	O
to	O
write	O
speeches	O
for	O
Spiro	B-PERSON
Agnew	I-PERSON
/.	O


uh	O
uh	O
uh	O
I	O
'm	O
hip	O
to	O
this	O
stuff	O
/.	O


uh	O
uh	O
and	O
I	O
can	O
say	O
that	O
it	O
gives	O
you	O
a	O
blip	O
/.	O


uh	O
it	O
gives	O
you	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
get	O
on	O
the	O
offensive	O
against	O
the	O
darned	O
media	O
/.	O


But	O
uh	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
view	O
of	O
history	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
mistake	O
/.	O


But	O
is	O
it	O
the	O
/-	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
/.	O


The	O
people	O
who	O
killed	O
three	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
Americans	B-NORP
on	O
September	B-EVENT
eleven	I-EVENT
who	O
murdered	O
Danny	B-PERSON
Pearl	I-PERSON
my	O
colleague	O
at	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
commit	O
atrocities	O
every	O
day	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
are	O
evil	O
/.	O


But	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
stupid	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
the	O
logic	O
that	O
says	O
all	O
of	O
a	O
sudden	O
they	O
've	O
discovered	O
something	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
/.	O


September	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
walked	O
into	O
the	B-FAC
Rose	I-FAC
Garden	I-FAC
and	O
announced	O
we	O
've	O
developed	O
a	O
strategy	O
/.	O


We	O
're	O
putting	O
banks	O
and	O
financial	O
institutions	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
uh	O
on	O
notice	O
/.	O


We	O
'll	O
work	O
with	O
their	O
governments	O
freeze	O
or	O
block	O
terrorist	O
's	O
money	O
/.	O


uh	O
We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
the	O
EU	B-ORG
the	O
GB	B-GPE
to	O
follow	O
this	O
money	O
/.	O


But	O
John	B-PERSON
what	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Bennett	I-PERSON
would	O
say	O
to	O
you	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
about	O
the	O
so	O
called	O
@SWIFT	B-ORG
program	O
/.	O


How	O
/-	O


They	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
the	O
specifics	O
/.	O


Bill	O
/-	O


Well	O
where	O
did	O
we	O
think	O
that	O
they	O
think	O
we	O
're	O
looking	O
for	O
money	O
/?	O


Well	O
why	O
did	O
they	O
get	O
caught	O
on	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
rather	O
than	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
when	O
the	O
program	O
was	O
announced	O
/?	O


I	O
know	O
we	O
have	O
an	O
air	O
marshals	O
program	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
which	O
marshal	O
is	O
on	O
which	O
plane	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
we	O
established	O
a	O
democracy	O
/.	O


we	O
oppose	O
a	O
king	O
/.	O


We	O
have	O
a	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/.	O


let	O
me	O
go	O
back	O
two	B-DATE
hundred	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
/.	O


James	B-PERSON
Wilson	I-PERSON
said	O
the	O
press	O
will	O
be	O
free	O
/.	O


No	O
prior	O
restraint	O
on	O
the	O
press	O
/.	O


However	O
when	O
they	O
err	O
,	O
when	O
they	O
are	O
irresponsible	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
held	O
accountable	O
/.	O


Now	O
you	O
put	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Clarke	I-PERSON
up	O
against	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Hamilton	I-PERSON
and	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Kean	I-PERSON
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
/.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
Clarke	I-PERSON
has	O
a	O
thing	O
against	O
this	O
administration	O
/.	O


that	O
's	O
pretty	O
clearly	O
known	O
/.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
Kean	I-PERSON
said	O
the	O
details	O
of	O
a	O
valuable	O
program	O
were	O
lost	O
/.	O


Well	O
he	O
worked	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
in	O
this	O
administration	O
/.	O


Lee	B-PERSON
Hamilton	I-PERSON
said	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
/.	O


Jack	B-PERSON
Murtha	I-PERSON
/.	I-PERSON


these	O
again	O
are	O
not	O
cat	O
's	O
paws	O
of	O
this	O
administration	O
being	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
not	O
to	O
run	O
this	O
piece	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
Andrea	B-PERSON
the	O
administration	O
every	O
time	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
national	O
security	O
story	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
published	O
they	O
say	O
it	O
will	O
damage	O
national	O
security	O
/.	O


Yes	O
Dana	B-PERSON
/?	O


But	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
they	O
've	O
never	O
given	O
us	O
any	O
proof	O
/.	O


They	O
say	O
it	O
will	O
stop	O
cooperation	O
/.	O


but	O
the	O
fact	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
countries	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
understand	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
cooperate	O
on	O
counter-terrorism	O
/.	O


And	O
just	O
like	O
the	O
banks	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
pull	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
other	O
countries	O
continue	O
to	O
cooperate	O
/.	O


But	O
Dana	B-PERSON
/-	O


Have	O
we	O
heard	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
pulling	O
out	O
from	O
this	O
system	O
/?	O


Because	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
common	O
problem	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
so	O
/.	O


Dana	B-PERSON
let	O
me	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
The	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
your	O
newspaper	O
was	O
behind	O
the	O
others	O
but	O
also	O
did	O
publish	O
this	O
story	O
/.	O


And	O
a	O
story	O
you	O
wrote	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
disclosing	O
the	O
secret	O
CIA	B-ORG
prisons	O
won	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Pulitzer	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


But	O
it	O
also	O
led	O
to	O
William	B-PERSON
Bennett	I-PERSON
sitting	O
here	O
saying	O
that	O
three	B-CARDINAL
reporters	O
who	O
won	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Pulitzer	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
you	O
for	O
that	O
story	O
and	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Risen	I-PERSON
and	O
others	O
for	O
another	O
story	O
were	O
not	O
worthy	O
of	O
an	O
award	O
but	O
rather	O
worthy	O
of	O
jail	O
/.	O


Dana	B-PERSON
how	O
do	O
you	O
plead	O
/?	O


Well	O
um	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
crime	O
to	O
publish	O
classified	O
information	O
/.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
Mr.	O
Bennett	B-PERSON
keeps	O
telling	O
people	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
/.	O


But	O
in	O
fact	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
narrow	O
categories	O
of	O
information	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
publish	O
Certain	O
signals	O
communications	O
intelligence	O
the	O
names	O
of	O
covert	O
operatives	O
and	O
nuclear	O
secrets	O
/.	O


Now	O
why	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
a	O
crime	O
/?	O


I	O
mean	O
some	O
people	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
make	O
casino	O
gambling	O
a	O
crime	O
/.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
crime	O
/.	O


Why	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
not	O
a	O
crime	O
/?	O


Because	O
the	O
framers	O
of	O
the	O
Constitution	B-LAW
wanted	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
press	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
perform	O
a	O
basic	O
role	O
in	O
government	O
oversight	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
that	O
/.	O


Look	O
at	O
the	O
criticism	O
that	O
the	O
press	O
got	O
after	O
Iraq	B-GPE
that	O
we	O
did	O
not	O
do	O
our	O
job	O
on	O
WMD	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
was	O
all	O
in	O
a	O
classified	O
arena	O
/.	O


To	O
do	O
a	O
better	O
job	O
and	O
I	O
believe	O
that	O
we	O
would	O
've	O
done	O
a	O
better	O
job	O
we	O
would	O
've	O
again	O
found	O
ourselves	O
in	O
the	O
arena	O
of	O
/-	O


But	O
we	O
've	O
now	O
had	O
a	O
steady	O
drum	O
beat	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
all	O
week	O
about	O
this	O
as	O
you	O
've	O
pointed	O
out	O
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
what	O
the	O
President	O
and	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
have	O
been	O
saying	O
on	O
the	O
stump	O
at	O
campaign	O
events	O
/.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
the	O
details	O
of	O
this	O
program	O
appeared	O
in	O
the	O
press	O
/.	O


There	O
can	O
be	O
no	O
excuse	O
for	O
anyone	O
entrusted	O
with	O
vital	O
intelligence	O
to	O
leak	O
it	O
.	O
And	O
no	O
excuse	O
for	O
any	O
newspaper	O
to	O
print	O
it	O
/.	O


The	O
leaks	O
to	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
publishing	O
of	O
those	O
leaks	O
is	O
very	O
damaging	O
/.	O


What	O
is	O
doubly	O
disturbing	O
for	O
me	O
is	O
that	O
not	O
only	O
have	O
they	O
gone	O
forward	O
with	O
these	O
stories	O
but	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
rewarded	O
for	O
it	O
for	O
example	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
terrorist	O
surveillance	O
program	O
by	O
being	O
awarded	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Pulitzer	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	O
outstanding	O
journalist	O
/.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
uh	O
disgrace	O
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
is	O
this	O
policy	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
press	O
as	O
a	O
whipping	O
boy	O
uh	O
going	O
to	O
work	O
to	O
excite	O
the	O
conservative	O
base	O
and	O
to	O
turn	O
voters	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
midterm	O
elections	O
/?	O


Well	O
Republicans	B-NORP
certainly	O
think	O
so	O
/.	O


if	O
you	O
're	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
in	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
or	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
would	O
you	O
rather	O
talk	O
about	O
immigration	O
gas	O
prices	O
the	O
estate	O
tax	O
all	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
done	O
right	O
now	O
/.	O


or	O
would	O
you	O
rather	O
go	O
after	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
on	O
the	O
Guantanamo	B-FAC
ruling	O
we	O
'll	O
talk	O
about	O
that	O
later	O
and	O
make	O
hay	O
and	O
say	O
They	O
're	O
tying	O
our	O
hands	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
on	O
terrorism	O
/?	O


It	O
's	O
obvious	O
they	O
'd	O
rather	O
do	O
the	O
latter	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
love	O
this	O
discussion	O
/.	O


They	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
love	O
it	O
even	O
more	O
if	O
Congress	B-ORG
takes	O
up	O
uh	O
legislation	O
on	O
Guantanamo	B-FAC
/.	O


this	O
is	O
clearly	O
not	O
something	O
new	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
show	O
you	O
a	O
tape	O
from	O
nineteen	B-DATE
ninety	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
my	O
favorite	O
bumper	O
sticker	O
of	O
all	O
Annoy	O
the	O
medias	O
,	O
re-elect	O
Bush	B-PERSON
/.	O


And	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
of	O
course	O
also	O
do	O
this	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
how	O
the	B-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
Globe	I-ORG
covered	O
a	O
Howard	B-PERSON
Dean	I-PERSON
for	O
president	O
campaign	O
rally	O
back	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
/.	O


Dean	B-PERSON
told	O
a	O
crowd	O
of	O
supporters	O
that	O
his	O
campaign	O
was	O
a	O
struggle	O
between	O
us	O
and	O
the	O
Washington	B-ORG
politicians	O
and	O
the	O
established	O
press	O
/.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Safire	I-PERSON
what	O
does	O
this	O
remind	O
you	O
of	O
/?	O


It	O
reminds	O
me	O
of	O
a	O
piece	O
that	O
I	O
did	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
Carter	B-PERSON
administration	O
where	O
I	O
wrote	O
that	O
Billy	B-PERSON
Carter	I-PERSON
the	O
President	O
's	O
brother	O
was	O
overheard	O
talking	O
many	O
times	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Libyan	I-ORG
Embassy	I-ORG
/.	O


uh	O
And	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
got	O
very	O
excited	O
about	O
that	O
/.	O


Why	O
/?	O


Because	O
they	O
said	O
the	O
Libyans	B-NORP
did	O
n't	O
know	O
that	O
we	O
had	O
a	O
tap	O
eh	O
on	O
their	O
embassy	O
/.	O


Now	O
that	O
struck	O
everybody	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
as	O
totally	O
foolish	O
Because	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
fifty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
every	O
single	O
embassy	O
in	O
this	O
town	O
is	O
bugged	O
/.	O


uh	O
Now	O
here	O
's	O
the	O
President	O
say	O
that	O
who	O
knew	O
that	O
the	O
details	O
of	O
this	O
program	O
/?	O


Now	O
let	O
me	O
refresh	O
all	O
of	O
our	O
memories	O
about	O
something	O
else	O
that	O
had	O
happened	O
/.	O


take	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
this	O
piece	O
of	O
film	O
/.	O


In	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
today	O
we	O
have	O
more	O
than	O
our	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
nattering	O
nabobs	O
of	O
negativism	O
/.	O


Okay	O
/.	O


Now	O
whose	O
alliterative	O
phrase	O
was	O
nattering	O
nabobs	O
of	O
negativism	O
Mr.	O
Safire	B-PERSON
/?	O


Well	O
uh	O
Mr.	O
Agnew	B-PERSON
was	O
kind	O
enough	O
to	O
credit	O
me	O
with	O
that	O
afterwards	O
uh	O
because	O
I	O
'm	O
an	O
alliteration	O
nut	O
/.	O


This	O
was	O
when	O
you	O
were	O
the	O
speechwriter	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
/.	O


uh	O
Right	O
/.	O


and	O
uh	O
I	O
was	O
on	O
loan	O
to	O
uh	O
Agnew	B-PERSON
for	O
that	O
speech	O
/.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
write	O
the	O
Des	B-GPE
Moines	I-GPE
speech	O
uh	O
Pat	B-PERSON
Buchanan	I-PERSON
did	O
that	O
Where	O
he	O
really	O
zapped	O
the	O
press	O
/.	O


And	O
again	O
uh	O
the	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
administration	O
in	O
that	O
case	O
uh	O
got	O
a	O
leg	O
up	O
/.	O


And	O
people	O
said	O
Hey	O
yeah	O
we	O
're	O
angry	O
at	O
not	O
just	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
/.	O


We	O
're	O
angry	O
at	O
the	O
Congress	B-ORG
/.	O


And	O
we	O
're	O
angry	O
at	O
the	O
media	O
/.	O


can	O
I	O
/-	O


So	O
the	O
point	O
is	O
the	O
tension	O
between	O
the	O
media	O
and	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
long	O
-	O
standing	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
to	O
be	O
expected	O
/.	O


And	O
in	O
fact	O
all	O
these	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
getting	O
up	O
to	O
lambaste	O
the	O
media	O
now	O
are	O
also	O
people	O
that	O
we	O
talk	O
to	O
with	O
our	O
stories	O
to	O
vet	O
our	O
stories	O
to	O
say	O
What	O
is	O
it	O
in	O
this	O
story	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
most	O
concerned	O
about	O
/?	O


You	O
mean	O
to	O
hold	O
things	O
back	O
/?	O


To	O
hold	O
things	O
back	O
/.	O


In	O
the	O
prison	O
story	O
we	O
talked	O
with	O
the	O
administration	O
/.	O


No	O
one	O
in	O
the	O
administration	O
asked	O
us	O
not	O
to	O
publish	O
the	O
story	O
/.	O


In	O
fact	O
people	O
said	O
we	O
know	O
you	O
have	O
your	O
job	O
to	O
do	O
/.	O


but	O
please	O
do	O
n't	O
publish	O
the	O
names	O
of	O
the	O
countries	O
where	O
the	O
prisons	O
are	O
located	O
/.	O


So	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
reasoned	O
dialogue	O
that	O
often	O
goes	O
on	O
between	O
the	O
media	O
and	O
the	O
government	O
behind	O
all	O
this	O
/.	O


That	O
was	O
not	O
the	O
case	O
with	O
the	O
NSA	B-ORG
surveillance	O
stories	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
correct	O
/.	O


can	O
I	O
say	O
something	O
Because	O
I	O
'm	O
being	O
quoted	O
and	O
talked	O
about	O
But	O
I	O
'm	O
right	O
here	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
'm	O
right	O
here	O
/.	O


I	O
can	O
make	O
my	O
own	O
case	O
/.	O


Well	O
please	O
weigh	O
in	O
/.	O


Alright	O
now	O
you	O
g-	O
/-	O


uh	O
Bennett	B-PERSON
/.	O


you	O
got	O
three	B-CARDINAL
people	O
on	O
one	O
side	O
/.	O


You	O
got	O
me	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
/.	O


And	O
let	O
me	O
just	O
state	O
my	O
position	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
time	O
to	O
break	O
out	O
the	O
champagne	O
and	O
the	O
Pulitzers	B-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
about	O
politics	O
Not	O
from	O
my	O
perspective	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
about	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
America	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
security	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
America	I-GPE
/.	O


The	O
difference	O
is	O
the	O
government	O
was	O
elected	O
/.	O


People	O
may	O
not	O
like	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
/.	O


But	O
they	O
were	O
elected	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
are	O
entitled	O
to	O
due	O
consideration	O
on	O
these	O
matters	O
/.	O


The	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
in	O
fact	O
believe	O
in	O
a	O
free	O
press	O
as	O
I	O
do	O
/.	O


And	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
in	O
prior	O
restraint	O
of	O
the	O
press	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
are	O
saying	O
if	O
you	O
listen	O
to	O
them	O
in	O
very	O
very	O
large	O
and	O
consistent	O
numbers	O
--	O
/.	O


And	O
an	O
awful	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
across	O
the	O
board	O
are	O
saying	O
this	O
is	O
four	B-CARDINAL
times	O
now	O
four	B-CARDINAL
times	O
in	O
eight	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
/.	O


Dana	B-PERSON
Priest	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
story	O
the	O
uh	O
uh	O
uh	O
Security	B-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
monitoring	O
story	O
the	O
USA	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
story	O
about	O
data	O
mining	O
/.	O


Oh	O
sorry	O
they	O
tell	O
us	O
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
We	O
maybe	O
got	O
that	O
wrong	O
/.	O


Our	O
sources	O
were	O
wrong	O
/.	O


Well	O
wait	O
a	B-TIME
second	I-TIME
/.	O


The	O
story	O
was	O
n't	O
wrong	O
/.	O


What	O
they	O
apologized	O
for	O
is	O
that	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
companies	O
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
companies	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
contracts	O
/.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
companies	O
/.	O


Big	O
big	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
story	O
/.	O


But	O
that	O
the	O
information	O
was	O
still	O
being	O
/-	O


Yeah	O
/.	O


The	O
program	O
was	O
still	O
valid	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
fundamental	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
story	O
/-	O


big	O
big	O
big	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
story	O
they	O
got	O
wrong	O
/.	O


All	O
right	O
check	O
your	O
facts	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
running	O
a	O
front	O
page	O
/.	O


I	O
have	O
/.	O


when	O
they	O
're	O
running	O
front	O
page	O
USA	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
needs	O
to	O
check	O
its	O
facts	O
/.	O


and	O
now	O
this	O
story	O
uh	O
on	O
the	O
@SWIFT	B-ORG
/.	O


And	O
people	O
are	O
saying	O
is	O
there	O
a	O
competition	O
here	O
/?	O


Which	O
no	O
one	O
has	O
denied	O
/.	O


No	O
no	O
one	O
has	O
denied	O
it	O
/.	O


Except	O
the	O
people	O
at	O
Treasury	B-ORG
and	O
again	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Kean	I-PERSON
are	O
saying	O
this	O
thing	O
has	O
now	O
destroyed	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
our	O
program	O
/.	O


Again	O
the	O
difference	O
is	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
was	O
elected	O
to	O
protect	O
our	O
security	O
/.	O


It	O
is	O
n't	O
always	O
in	O
the	O
service	O
of	O
security	O
to	O
leak	O
/.	O


Katharine	B-PERSON
Graham	I-PERSON
in	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
today	O
Katharine	B-PERSON
Graham	I-PERSON
cites	O
a	O
very	O
interesting	O
example	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
eighty	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
where	O
she	O
said	O
the	O
press	O
went	O
too	O
far	O
/.	O


It	O
reported	O
about	O
secret	O
communications	O
between	O
Syrian	B-NORP
terrorists	O
and	O
uh	O
their	O
Iranian	B-NORP
bosses	O
which	O
led	O
later	O
she	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
deaths	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
forty	I-CARDINAL
Marines	O
/.	O


This	O
can	O
happen	O
/.	O


We	O
are	O
in	O
war	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
heartily	O
appreciate	O
your	O
talking	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
/.	O


This	O
is	O
classified	O
/-	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
/.	O


Because	O
when	O
my	O
stories	O
ran	O
I	O
received	O
many	O
many	O
people	O
thanking	O
me	O
/.	O


I	O
'm	O
talking	O
about	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
/-	O


Wait	O
/.	O


let	O
me	O
finish	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
finish	O
/.	O


you	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
put	O
this	O
to	O
an	O
opinion	O
poll	O
/.	O


Because	O
they	O
thought	O
that	O
they	O
went	O
/-	O


including	O
active	O
duty	O
four	B-CARDINAL
star	O
generals	O
/.	O


You	O
do	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
on	O
an	O
opinion	O
poll	O
/.	O


can	O
I	O
just	O
/-	O


Some	O
people	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
administration	O
has	O
gone	O
too	O
far	O
in	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
counterterrorism	O
measures	O
they	O
've	O
taken	O
And	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
revealing	O
are	O
creating	O
a	O
debate	O
that	O
could	O
not	O
have	O
happened	O
before	O
/.	O


Yeah	O
and	O
the	O
shutting	O
down	O
of	O
prisons	O
/.	O


And	O
countries	O
that	O
say	O
/-	O


The	O
prisons	O
have	O
been	O
moved	O
/.	O


They	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
shut	O
down	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
difference	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
different	O
/-	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Safire	I-PERSON
weigh	O
in	O
here	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
respond	O
to	O
um	O
the	O
point	O
he	O
's	O
making	O
that	O
who	O
elected	O
the	O
media	O
to	O
determine	O
what	O
should	O
be	O
secret	O
and	O
what	O
should	O
not	O
/?	O


Which	O
is	O
the	O
fundamental	O
point	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
answer	O
to	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
Founding	O
Fathers	O
did	O
/.	O


uh	O
They	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
this	B-LAW
Bill	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
beyond	O
which	O
uh	O
the	O
constitutional	O
convention	O
would	O
not	O
move	O
unless	O
there	O
were	O
a	B-LAW
First	I-LAW
Amendment	I-LAW
to	O
challenge	O
the	O
government	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
Founding	O
Fathers	O
challenged	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
government	O
/.	O


Right	O
/.	O


Now	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
treasonable	O
It	O
's	O
not	O
even	O
wrong	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
press	O
to	O
say	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
what	O
we	O
can	O
/.	O


and	O
we	O
'll	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
check	O
and	O
balance	O
on	O
the	O
government	O
/.	O


Sometimes	O
we	O
'll	O
make	O
mistakes	O
/.	O


Sometimes	O
the	O
government	O
will	O
mistake	O
/.	O


Is	O
it	O
wrong	O
for	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
go	O
after	O
the	O
press	O
when	O
the	O
press	O
has	O
gone	O
too	O
far	O
/?	O


sometimes	O
even	O
the	O
uh	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
admits	O
to	O
making	O
mistakes	O
/.	O


Should	O
the	O
press	O
be	O
held	O
responsible	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
gone	O
too	O
far	O
/?	O


Should	O
the	O
press	O
be	O
held	O
responsible	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
gone	O
too	O
far	O
/?	O


John	B-PERSON
Harwood	I-PERSON
/.	I-PERSON


Free	O
speech	O
helps	O
everybody	O
/.	O


Judy	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
went	O
to	O
jail	O
for	O
eighty	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
/.	O


There	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
big	O
hue	O
and	O
cry	O
about	O
that	O
/.	O


Now	O
let	O
me	O
agree	O
with	O
you	O
/.	O


Was	O
there	O
/?	O


No	O
/.	O


Let	O
me	O
agree	O
with	O
you	O
for	O
a	O
moment	O
/.	O


I	O
believe	O
that	O
public	O
opinion	O
is	O
much	O
closer	O
to	O
Bennett	B-PERSON
on	O
this	O
point	O
than	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
uh	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
press	O
in	O
the	O
discussion	O
/.	O


After	O
Dana	B-PERSON
wrote	O
her	O
story	O
about	O
secret	O
prisons	O
we	O
asked	O
in	O
our	O
Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
NBC	B-ORG
poll	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
the	O
administration	O
has	O
gone	O
too	O
far	O
in	O
handling	O
terror	O
suspects	O
overseas	O
,	O
or	O
is	O
it	O
taking	O
the	O
right	O
approach	O
/?	O


Fifty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
to	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
the	O
American	O
people	O
said	O
they	O
've	O
taken	O
the	O
right	O
approach	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
press	O
is	O
never	O
popular	O
and	O
most	O
notably	O
now	O
/.	O


Exactly	O
so	O
/.	O


And	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
are	O
not	O
overly	O
concerned	O
at	O
this	O
moment	O
about	O
the	O
finest	O
points	O
of	O
civil	O
liberties	O
on	O
this	O
/.	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
I	O
accept	O
that	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Bennett	I-PERSON
is	O
not	O
motivated	O
by	O
politics	O
in	O
his	O
views	O
on	O
this	O
/.	O


However	O
when	O
you	O
talk	O
privately	O
to	O
Republicans	B-NORP
on	O
the	O
Hill	B-ORG
,	O
why	O
did	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
debate	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
Hill	B-ORG
about	O
this	O
resolution	O
that	O
had	O
no	O
force	O
of	O
law	O
whatsoever	O
about	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
/?	O


They	O
'll	O
tell	O
you	O
it	O
was	O
politics	O
/.	O


They	O
love	O
having	O
this	O
discussion	O
/.	O


They	O
want	O
it	O
to	O
go	O
on	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
possible	O
/.	O


Well	O
we	O
're	O
still	O
talking	O
about	O
basic	O
right	O
and	O
wrong	O
here	O
/.	O


And	O
is	O
there	O
any	O
question	O
that	O
people	O
/-	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
'm	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
here	O
who	O
signed	O
a	O
nondisclosure	O
agreement	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
Director	O
of	O
National	B-LAW
Drug	I-LAW
Control	I-LAW
Policy	I-LAW
/.	O


Maybe	O
some	O
of	O
you	O
have	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
pretty	O
serious	O
matter	O
/.	O


People	O
who	O
signed	O
those	O
agreements	O
in	O
government	O
have	O
violated	O
the	O
law	O
/.	O


they	O
have	O
violated	O
their	O
oath	O
/.	O


They	O
have	O
done	O
so	O
by	O
talking	O
to	O
Dana	B-PERSON
Priest	I-PERSON
talking	O
to	O
Risen	B-PERSON
and	O
talking	O
to	O
Lichtblau	B-PERSON
/.	O


let	O
me	O
/-	O


We	O
need	O
to	O
get	O
after	O
those	O
people	O
/.	O


And	O
one	B-CARDINAL
way	O
to	O
get	O
after	O
those	O
people	O
is	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
the	O
reporters	O
/.	O


Oh	O
you	O
're	O
saying	O
get	O
after	O
them	O
/.	O


That	O
means	O
threatening	O
reporters	O
and	O
threaten	O
them	O
with	O
contempt	O
and	O
put	O
them	O
in	O
jail	O
/.	O


Bill	O
what	O
let	O
me	O
ask	O
Bill	B-PERSON
/-	O


Absolutely	O
absolutely	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
wrong	O
/.	O


Why	O
is	O
that	O
wrong	O
Bill	B-PERSON
/?	O


Why	O
are	O
they	O
above	O
the	O
law	O
/?	O


Because	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
step	O
toward	O
tyranny	O
which	O
is	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
withholding	O
/.	O


Because	O
they	O
're	O
affected	O
/.	O


It	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
step	O
toward	O
tyranny	O
/.	O


And	O
what	O
about	O
the	O
@AIPAC	B-ORG
guys	O
/?	O


Is	O
that	O
a	O
step	O
toward	O
tyranny	O
/?	O


They	O
're	O
being	O
prosecuted	O
under	O
the	B-LAW
Espionage	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
/.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Safire	I-PERSON
let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
a	O
question	O
about	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
/.	O


Is	O
n't	O
that	O
more	O
a	O
step	O
toward	O
tyranny	O
/?	O


There	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
believe	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
in	O
doing	O
this	O
latest	O
story	O
is	O
motivated	O
by	O
an	O
antibody	O
animus	O
/.	O


Is	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
making	O
a	O
decision	O
that	O
is	O
political	O
rather	O
than	O
editorial	O
/?	O


The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
like	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
has	O
a	O
wall	O
of	O
separation	O
between	O
its	O
editorial	O
voice	O
and	O
its	O
front	O
page	O
and	O
its	O
news	O
coverage	O
/.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
always	O
been	O
the	O
case	O
/.	O


Now	O
does	O
it	O
uh	O
always	O
stay	O
exactly	O
the	O
same	O
/?	O


when	O
you	O
drive	O
down	O
that	O
road	O
it	O
is	O
always	O
right	O
/?	O


No	O
it	O
changes	O
/.	O


But	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
uh	O
I	O
am	O
certain	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
really	O
certain	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
editorial	O
position	O
of	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
about	O
the	O
war	O
which	O
I	O
completely	O
disagree	O
with	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
its	O
coverage	O
of	O
the	O
news	O
/.	O


let	O
me	O
show	O
you	O
a	O
Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
editorial	O
very	O
unusual	O
editorial	O
that	O
was	O
uh	O
in	O
the	O
paper	O
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
/.	O


it	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
problem	O
with	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
is	O
that	O
millions	O
of	O
Americans	B-NORP
no	O
longer	O
believe	O
that	O
its	O
editors	O
would	O
make	O
those	O
calculations	O
in	O
anything	O
close	O
to	O
good	O
faith	O
/.	O


We	O
certainly	O
do	O
n't	O
/.	O


On	O
issue	O
after	O
issue	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
clear	O
that	O
The	O
Times	B-ORG
believes	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
is	O
not	O
really	O
at	O
war	O
/.	O


And	O
in	O
any	O
case	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
lacks	O
the	O
legitimacy	O
to	O
wage	O
it	O
/.	O


John	B-PERSON
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
really	O
put	O
you	O
on	O
the	O
spot	O
here	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
am	O
/.	O


Your	O
paper	O
's	O
news	O
columns	O
also	O
ran	O
this	O
story	O
/.	O


And	O
here	O
you	O
have	O
this	O
editorial	O
/.	O


uh	O
it	O
really	O
is	O
uh	O
a	O
really	O
sharp	O
conflict	O
/.	O


Couple	O
of	O
points	O
on	O
that	O
/.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
that	O
editorial	O
was	O
n't	O
kidding	O
when	O
they	O
said	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
separation	O
between	O
the	O
news	O
and	O
the	O
editorial	O
pages	O
at	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
/.	O


That	O
's	O
for	O
sure	O
/.	O


Same	O
with	O
us	O
/.	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
there	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
large	O
gap	O
between	O
the	O
ideological	O
outlook	O
and	O
philosophy	O
of	O
The	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
editorial	O
page	O
and	O
The	O
Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
editorial	O
page	O
/.	O


There	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
large	O
ideological	O
gap	O
between	O
the	O
news	O
staffs	O
of	O
those	O
two	B-CARDINAL
places	O
/.	O


And	O
why	O
would	O
there	O
be	O
/?	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
people	O
of	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
were	O
hired	O
from	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
/.	O


What	O
I	O
found	O
shocking	O
about	O
the	O
editorial	O
was	O
the	O
assertion	O
that	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
did	O
not	O
act	O
in	O
good	O
faith	O
in	O
making	O
that	O
judgment	O
/.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
anybody	O
on	O
the	O
news	O
staff	O
of	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
that	O
believes	O
that	O
/.	O


I	O
certainly	O
do	O
n't	O
/.	O


Let	O
's	O
turn	O
to	O
Guantanamo	B-FAC
and	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
/.	O


What	O
is	O
the	O
political	O
fallout	O
John	O
from	O
the	O
Guantanamo	B-FAC
decision	O
/?	O


is	O
this	O
something	O
that	O
can	O
actually	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
administration	O
's	O
favor	O
because	O
it	O
pits	O
the	O
Court	B-ORG
according	O
to	O
the	O
talk	O
show	O
hosts	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
/?	O


It	O
's	O
embarrassing	O
uh	O
internationally	O
/.	O


It	O
isolates	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
setback	O
for	O
the	O
administration	O
's	O
philosophy	O
/.	O


Politically	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
could	O
come	O
out	O
ahead	O
on	O
this	O
In	O
part	O
because	O
as	O
we	O
just	O
heard	O
Mitch	B-PERSON
McConnell	I-PERSON
and	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
Schumer	I-PERSON
say	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
uh	O
Congress	B-ORG
is	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
up	O
very	O
soon	O
legislation	O
giving	O
the	O
President	O
this	O
authority	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
good	O
subject	O
for	O
Republicans	B-NORP
to	O
be	O
on	O
/.	O


Dana	B-PERSON
what	O
is	O
it	O
costing	O
us	O
diplomatically	O
/?	O


Guantanamo	B-FAC
/.	O


Huge	O
/.	O


which	O
is	O
the	O
point	O
not	O
just	O
on	O
Guantanamo	B-FAC
But	O
all	O
of	O
these	O
programs	O
/.	O


You	O
know	O
we	O
are	O
covering	O
the	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
classified	O
war	O
/.	O


why	O
are	O
we	O
covering	O
it	O
/?	O


Because	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
whether	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
achieve	O
its	O
strategic	O
goals	O
which	O
is	O
to	O
defeat	O
terrorism	O
and	O
to	O
compete	O
in	O
the	O
realm	O
of	O
ideology	O
/.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
just	O
the	O
tactical	O
question	O
/.	O


And	O
on	O
Guantanamo	B-FAC
this	O
has	O
cost	O
us	O
a	O
lot	O
internationally	O
as	O
a	O
defender	O
a	O
primary	O
defender	O
of	O
human	O
rights	O
/.	O


And	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
those	O
things	O
into	O
consideration	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
win	O
a	O
war	O
/.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Safire	I-PERSON
should	O
the	O
administration	O
take	O
this	O
as	O
a	O
cue	O
to	O
just	O
shut	O
Guantanamo	B-FAC
or	O
accept	O
the	O
John	B-PERSON
McCain	I-PERSON
approach	O
now	O
towards	O
/?	O


No	O
I	O
think	O
uh	O
the	O
administration	O
should	O
follow	O
the	O
guideline	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
has	O
suggested	O
which	O
is	O
go	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
and	O
get	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
solid	O
guidelines	O
on	O
what	O
should	O
happen	O
/.	O


Wonderful	O
thing	O
here	O
/.	O


Really	O
a	O
wonderful	O
thing	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
/.	O


Here	O
's	O
a	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
which	O
put	O
George	B-PERSON
W	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
presidency	O
uh	O
only	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
Now	O
pulling	O
him	O
up	O
short	O
and	O
saying	O
hey	O
you	O
got	O
to	O
get	O
some	O
oversight	O
/.	O


you	O
got	O
to	O
get	O
some	O
congressional	O
backing	O
uh	O
before	O
you	O
can	O
do	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O
/.	O


And	O
as	O
you	O
just	O
saw	O
in	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
this	O
program	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
senators	O
who	O
disagree	O
about	O
so	O
much	O
uh	O
pretty	O
much	O
signaled	O
you	O
bet	O
/.	O


first	O
we	O
'll	O
hear	O
from	O
the	O
President	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
'll	O
backtrack	O
/.	O


And	O
he	O
'll	O
say	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
a	O
military	O
commission	O
we	O
need	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
'll	O
keep	O
Guantanamo	B-FAC
/.	O


They	O
'll	O
keep	O
uh	O
the	O
most	O
dangerous	O
terrorists	O
there	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
'll	O
have	O
these	O
military	O
commissions	O
/.	O


And	O
uh	O
they	O
'll	O
set	O
a	O
good	O
pattern	O
for	O
the	O
next	O
president	O
And	O
hopefully	O
not	O
the	O
next	O
war	O
/.	O


Andrea	O
the	O
other	O
thing	O
this	O
does	O
politically	O
is	O
underscore	O
the	O
arguments	O
of	O
conservatives	O
of	O
why	O
it	O
's	O
important	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
Court	B-ORG
/.	O


You	O
had	O
Scalia	B-PERSON
Thomas	B-PERSON
Alito	B-PERSON
siding	O
with	O
the	O
administration	O
/.	O


and	O
the	O
administration	O
was	O
saying	O
we	O
need	O
some	O
more	O
conservatives	O
/.	O


The	O
last	O
word	O
to	O
you	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Bennett	I-PERSON
/.	O


We	O
only	O
have	O
about	B-TIME
fifteen	I-TIME
thirty	I-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
/.	O


Yeah	O
I	O
agree	O
with	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Safire	I-PERSON
/.	O


It	O
's	O
uh	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
's	O
court	O
now	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
act	O
on	O
it	O
/.	O


But	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
agree	O
with	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Safire	I-PERSON
that	O
the	O
press	O
has	O
a	O
right	O
not	O
to	O
give	O
testimony	O
in	O
a	O
criminal	O
trial	O
/.	O


They	O
are	O
not	O
above	O
the	O
law	O
/.	O


And	O
when	O
you	O
show	O
your	O
Pentagon	B-WORK_OF_ART
Papers	I-WORK_OF_ART
case	O
please	O
read	O
Justice	O
Blackmail	O
's	O
decision	O
/.	O


He	O
said	O
no	O
prior	O
restraint	O
/.	O


But	O
if	O
people	O
get	O
hurt	O
,	O
if	O
people	O
get	O
killed	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
this	O
the	O
press	O
is	O
responsible	O
/.	O


So	O
the	O
issue	O
is	O
whether	O
people	O
are	O
hurt	O
by	O
something	O
that	O
had	O
arguably	O
been	O
previously	O
disclosed	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
correct	O
/.	O


I	O
disagree	O
completely	O
/.	O


You	O
're	O
not	O
above	O
the	O
law	O
/.	O


I	O
will	O
respect	O
his	O
right	O
to	O
disagree	O
/.	O


Okay	O
/.	O


Well	O
we	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
leave	O
it	O
there	O
/.	O


Happy	O
Independence	B-EVENT
Day	I-EVENT
on	O
these	O
themes	O
of	O
July	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
and	O
our	O
founders	O
/.	O


Thank	O
you	O
all	O
/.	O


And	O
coming	O
next	O
our	O
Meet	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Press	I-WORK_OF_ART
Minute	I-WORK_OF_ART
Reflecting	O
that	O
landmark	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
decision	O
thirty	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
balancing	O
national	O
security	O
and	O
freedom	O
of	O
the	O
press	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
are	O
back	O
/.	O


On	O
Sunday	B-DATE
morning	I-DATE
June	I-DATE
thirteenth	I-DATE
nineteen	I-DATE
seventy	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
the	O
front	O
page	O
of	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
featured	O
a	O
photo	O
of	O
a	O
smiling	O
President	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
escorting	O
his	O
daughter	O
Tricia	B-PERSON
on	O
her	O
wedding	O
day	O
/.	O


But	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
front	O
page	O
contained	O
a	O
story	O
that	O
through	O
a	O
strange	O
chain	O
of	O
events	O
would	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
landmark	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
case	O
on	O
press	O
freedoms	O
And	O
eventually	O
to	O
the	B-EVENT
Watergate	I-EVENT
scandal	I-EVENT
and	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
's	O
own	O
resignation	O
/.	O


The	O
headline	O
read	O
Vietnam	B-WORK_OF_ART
Archive	I-WORK_OF_ART
Pentagon	I-WORK_OF_ART
Study	I-WORK_OF_ART
Traces	I-WORK_OF_ART
three	I-WORK_OF_ART
Decades	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Growing	I-WORK_OF_ART
US	I-WORK_OF_ART
Involvement	I-WORK_OF_ART
/.	O


The	O
person	O
who	O
leaked	O
the	O
classified	O
Pentagon	B-WORK_OF_ART
Papers	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
was	O
defense	O
analyst	O
Daniel	B-PERSON
Ellsberg	I-PERSON
/.	O


He	O
appeared	O
on	O
Meet	B-ORG
The	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
/.	O


And	O
on	O
that	O
occasion	O
he	O
spoke	O
about	O
the	O
case	O
that	O
changed	O
history	O
/.	O


Mr.	O
Ellsberg	B-PERSON
whatever	O
else	O
you	O
may	O
have	O
accomplished	O
or	O
not	O
accomplished	O
by	O
disclosing	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Pentagon	I-WORK_OF_ART
Papers	I-WORK_OF_ART
many	O
people	O
I	O
believe	O
including	O
you	O
felt	O
that	O
your	O
trial	O
would	O
help	O
establish	O
some	O
ground	O
rules	O
or	O
answer	O
some	O
questions	O
about	O
the	O
security	O
classification	O
system	O
uh	O
government	O
secrecy	O
freedom	O
of	O
the	O
press	O
/.	O


uh	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
done	O
so	O
/.	O


or	O
did	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
ended	O
just	O
leave	O
all	O
those	O
questions	O
just	O
hanging	O
in	O
the	O
air	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
they	O
were	O
before	O
/?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
they	O
'll	O
ever	O
again	O
try	O
to	O
convince	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
jury	O
that	O
historical	O
documents	O
of	O
the	O
kind	O
in	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Pentagon	I-WORK_OF_ART
Papers	I-WORK_OF_ART
even	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
stamped	O
Top	O
secret	O
could	O
damage	O
the	O
national	O
interest	O
And	O
thus	O
come	O
under	O
the	O
espionage	O
laws	O
/.	O


Mr.	O
Ellsberg	B-PERSON
wise	O
men	O
made	O
the	O
point	O
centuries	O
ago	O
that	O
liberty	O
without	O
order	O
is	O
anarchy	O
/.	O


If	O
every	O
person	O
with	O
official	O
access	O
to	O
classified	O
information	O
took	O
it	O
upon	O
himself	O
to	O
decide	O
what	O
should	O
be	O
made	O
public	O
how	O
could	O
orderly	O
government	O
be	O
maintained	O
/?	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
constant	O
problem	O
/.	O


It	O
can	O
never	O
be	O
an	O
easy	O
one	O
/.	O


They	O
'll	O
never	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
reveal	O
such	O
things	O
without	O
risking	O
their	O
jobs	O
if	O
their	O
superiors	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
it	O
revealed	O
/.	O


Because	O
of	O
our	O
involvement	O
in	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
and	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
has	O
happened	O
at	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Pentagon	I-WORK_OF_ART
Papers	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
the	B-EVENT
Watergate	I-EVENT
case	I-EVENT
a	O
great	O
many	O
of	O
our	O
youth	O
have	O
lost	O
faith	O
in	O
our	O
institutions	O
/.	O


Have	O
you	O
/?	O


I	O
never	O
did	O
/.	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
glad	O
to	O
say	O
right	O
now	O
I	O
have	O
never	O
had	O
more	O
hope	O
Not	O
based	O
on	O
faith	O
but	O
on	O
evidence	O
of	O
what	O
I	O
see	O
these	O
days	O
that	O
our	O
government	O
is	O
functioning	O
/.	O


Our	O
government	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
President	O
/.	O


The	O
government	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
executive	O
branch	O
/.	O


Those	O
other	O
branches	O
of	O
government	O
are	O
functioning	O
to	O
protect	O
us	O
from	O
abuses	O
by	O
the	O
executive	O
branch	O
/.	O


And	O
they	O
have	O
never	O
functioned	O
better	O
in	O
our	O
history	O
/.	O


And	O
we	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
/.	O


That	O
's	O
all	O
for	O
today	B-DATE
/.	O


Tim	B-PERSON
Russert	I-PERSON
will	O
be	O
back	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
at	O
a	O
special	O
earlier	O
time	O
eight	B-TIME
am	I-TIME
Eastern	I-TIME
right	O
before	O
the	O
Wimbledon	B-EVENT
finals	O
/.	O


Check	O
out	O
our	O
Web	O
site	O
during	O
the	O
week	O
for	O
air	O
times	O
in	O
your	O
area	O
MTP	O
dot	O
MSNBC	B-ORG
dot	O
com	O
/.	O


Have	O
a	O
wonderful	O
July	B-EVENT
fourth	I-EVENT
a	O
safe	O
weekend	O
/.	O


and	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
Sunday	B-DATE
it	O
's	O
Meet	B-ORG
The	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
/.	O


In	O
June	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
2004	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Shanxi	I-ORG
Yongji	I-ORG
Peasants	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
was	O
formally	O
established	O
;	O
it	O
now	O
has	O
3,800	B-CARDINAL
members	O
.	O


Accordingly	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
peasant	O
organization	O
to	O
be	O
legally	O
registered	O
and	O
designated	O
a	O
peasant	O
association	O
since	O
the	O
founding	O
of	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
.	O


Its	O
president	O
is	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
.	O


She	O
says	O
that	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
before	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
already	O
calling	O
themselves	O
a	O
peasant	O
association	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
association	O
was	O
just	O
set	O
up	O
,	O
it	O
ran	O
into	O
an	O
issue	O
.	O


It	O
really	O
tested	O
the	O
association	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
problems	O
.	O


The	O
school	O
built	O
a	O
classroom	O
building	O
and	O
put	O
a	O
lock	O
on	O
the	O
gate	O
door	O
.	O


They	O
invested	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
400,000	I-CARDINAL
;	O
although	O
they	O
were	O
poor	O
,	O
several	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
family	O
heads	O
made	O
a	O
ruckus	O
.	O


The	O
secretary	O
telephoned	O
,	O
can	O
our	O
association	O
get	O
involved	O
and	O
resolve	O
this	O
matter	O
.	O


I	O
myself	O
put	O
up	O
1,000	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
with	O
19	B-CARDINAL
people	O
we	O
put	O
together	O
10,000	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
we	O
went	O
to	O
negotiate	O
with	O
the	O
contractor	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
the	O
contractor	O
came	O
around	O
and	O
let	O
the	O
kids	O
go	O
into	O
the	O
classrooms	O
to	O
attend	O
classes	O
.	O


The	O
entire	O
problem	O
was	O
resolved	O
smoothly	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
greatly	O
increased	O
the	O
prestige	O
of	O
the	O
peasant	O
association	O
in	O
the	O
eyes	O
of	O
the	O
local	O
villagers	O
.	O


But	O
why	O
did	O
a	O
peasant	O
organization	O
get	O
involved	O
in	O
a	O
matter	O
that	O
should	O
have	O
been	O
resolved	O
by	O
the	O
village	O
Party	B-ORG
committee	O
?	O


Will	O
peasant	O
associations	O
become	O
a	O
direction	O
of	O
organized	O
rural	O
development	O
?	O


With	O
these	O
questions	O
in	O
mind	O
,	O
this	O
reporter	O
came	O
to	O
Yongji	B-GPE
in	O
Shanxi	B-GPE
to	O
get	O
the	O
scoop	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
I	O
'd	O
heard	O
about	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
aggressive	O
approach	O
early	O
on	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
I	O
saw	O
her	O
,	O
I	O
felt	O
she	O
was	O
someone	O
who	O
really	O
wanted	O
to	O
be	O
low	O
key	O
.	O


The	O
minute	O
I	O
met	O
her	O
,	O
she	O
told	O
me	O
that	O
what	O
she	O
did	O
was	O
terribly	O
ordinary	O
,	O
and	O
basically	O
was	O
n't	O
worth	O
our	O
looking	O
into	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
spoke	O
about	O
her	O
family	O
,	O
her	O
husband	O
and	O
child	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
looked	O
concerned	O
and	O
haggard	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
would	O
often	O
sigh	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Peasants	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
comes	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
talked	O
about	O
how	O
she	O
was	O
organizing	O
peasants	O
and	O
helping	O
them	O
improve	O
the	O
quality	O
-LRB-	O
of	O
their	O
lives	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
face	O
lights	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
dazzling	O
smile	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
go	O
13	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
west	O
of	O
Yongji	B-GPE
in	O
Shanxi	B-GPE
,	O
you	O
come	O
to	O
Zhaizi	B-GPE
Village	I-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Yongji	I-ORG
Peasants	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
has	O
its	O
headquarters	O
at	O
the	O
entrance	O
to	O
Zhaizi	B-GPE
Village	I-GPE
.	O


Previously	O
,	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
and	O
her	O
husband	O
ran	O
a	O
chemical	O
fertilizer	O
store	O
here	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
donated	O
the	O
fertilizer	O
store	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Peasants	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
.	O


Back	O
in	O
'97	B-DATE
,	O
why	O
did	O
you	O
think	O
of	O
giving	O
technical	O
training	O
to	O
the	O
peasants	O
?	O


It	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
by	O
accident	O
.	O


Um	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
my	O
husband	O
ran	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Zhaizi	I-ORG
Technical	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
,	O
on	O
the	O
banks	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Yellow	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
,	O
which	O
provided	O
farmer	O
's	O
financial	O
services	O
to	O
the	O
peasants	O
.	O


While	O
I	O
was	O
helping	O
my	O
husband	O
,	O
I	O
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
peasants	O
were	O
investing	O
the	O
money	O
to	O
buy	O
fertilizer	O
in	O
a	O
very	O
haphazard	O
way	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
those	O
peasants	O
who	O
came	O
into	O
the	O
store	O
to	O
buy	O
fertilizer	O
,	O
they	O
'd	O
come	O
into	O
the	O
store	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
really	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
clue	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
'd	O
think	O
,	O
So	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
so	O
is	O
buying	O
that	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
'll	O
buy	O
that	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
basically	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
,	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
go	O
and	O
choose	O
something	O
based	O
on	O
what	O
their	O
own	O
land	O
needed	O
.	O


Was	O
it	O
easy	O
to	O
get	O
teachers	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
village	O
to	O
give	O
classes	O
?	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
was	O
unimaginable	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
attendance	O
on	O
that	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
something	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
organizing	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
that	B-ORG
Zhaizi	I-ORG
Technical	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
was	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
or	O
eight	B-QUANTITY
li	I-QUANTITY
from	O
our	O
village	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
banks	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Yellow	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
!	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
I	O
was	O
afraid	O
to	O
ask	O
the	O
teacher	O
to	O
come	O
because	O
the	O
peasants	O
might	O
not	O
come	O
to	O
hear	O
him	O
,	O
so	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
I	O
ran	O
from	O
village	O
to	O
village	O
,	O
I	O
went	O
around	O
organizing	O
.	O


I	O
spent	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
running	O
around	O
to	O
the	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
villages	O
that	O
surround	O
our	O
village	O
.	O


Um	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
each	O
village	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
go	O
around	O
trying	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
who	O
had	O
the	O
most	O
technology	O
awareness	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
'd	O
go	O
to	O
them	O
face	O
to	O
face	O
and	O
say	O
,	O
We	O
're	O
planning	O
to	O
hold	O
a	O
technical	O
training	O
;	O
would	O
you	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
come	O
?	O


Finally	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
villages	O
,	O
I	O
chose	O
80	B-CARDINAL
women	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
got	O
them	O
to	O
bring	O
peasants	O
from	O
surrounding	O
area	O
altogether	O
.	O


Were	O
there	O
people	O
who	O
could	O
not	O
get	O
in	O
to	O
the	O
class	O
?	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
400	I-CARDINAL
people	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
class	O
that	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


So	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
villages	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
just	O
the	O
80	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
they	O
all	O
brought	O
people	O
from	O
the	O
surrounding	O
area	O
.	O


The	O
class	O
went	O
on	O
from	O
just	O
after	O
10	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
until	O
five	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
.	O


Hey	O
,	O
when	O
that	O
class	O
was	O
over	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
peasants	O
had	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
feedback	O
.	O


Hey	O
,	O
,	O
the	O
class	O
went	O
great	O
.	O


This	O
class	O
earned	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
more	O
than	O
she	O
had	O
expected	O
.	O


Nearby	O
villagers	O
all	O
heard	O
about	O
this	O
terrific	O
person	O
who	O
dug	O
deep	O
into	O
her	O
own	O
pockets	O
to	O
provide	O
an	O
agricultural	O
seminar	O
for	O
everybody	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
all	O
loved	O
coming	O
to	O
the	O
technical	O
services	O
center	O
to	O
buy	O
things	O
.	O


The	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
this	O
shop	O
of	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
took	O
in	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
60,000	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


Furthermore	O
,	O
this	O
center	O
of	O
hers	O
became	O
an	O
agricultural	O
technology	O
exchange	O
center	O
for	O
the	O
surrounding	O
area	O
.	O


Whenever	O
villagers	O
would	O
run	O
into	O
some	O
agricultural	O
production	O
issue	O
,	O
they	O
all	O
liked	O
to	O
come	O
here	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
answers	O
.	O


How	O
many	O
times	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
'98	I-DATE
have	O
you	O
held	O
similar	O
training	O
sessions	O
?	O


Since	O
December	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
'98	I-DATE
,	O
each	O
year	O
we	O
've	O
held	O
four	B-CARDINAL
to	O
six	B-CARDINAL
training	O
sessions	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
still	O
need	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
money	O
for	O
them	O
?	O


Um	O
,	O
not	O
necessarily	O
.	O


Starting	O
in	O
'99	B-DATE
,	O
because	O
in	O
'98	B-DATE
,	O
for	O
that	O
one	B-CARDINAL
training	O
session	O
,	O
I	O
spent	O
1,300	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


And	O
that	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
income	O
I	O
counted	O
was	O
4,000	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


Therefore	O
if	O
we	O
did	O
a	O
training	O
session	O
four	B-CARDINAL
times	O
a	O
year	O
we	O
were	O
n't	O
earning	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
we	O
had	O
to	O
spend	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
in	O
'99	B-DATE
,	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
our	O
agricultural	O
bureau	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
our	O
municipal	O
women	O
's	O
association	O
,	O
because	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
attending	O
the	O
training	O
sessions	O
were	O
women	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
our	O
agricultural	O
bureau	O
,	O
I	O
thought	O
,	O
huh	O
,	O
the	O
agricultural	O
bureau	O
has	O
all	O
those	O
technical	O
personnel	O
,	O
they	O
ought	O
to	O
provide	O
services	O
to	O
the	O
peasants	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
starting	O
in	O
'99	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
municipal	O
women	O
's	O
association	O
was	O
very	O
supportive	O
of	O
us	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
liaised	O
for	O
us	O
in	O
getting	O
teachers	O
from	O
the	O
agricultural	O
bureau	O
and	O
the	O
water	O
conservancy	O
bureau	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
invited	O
technicians	O
from	O
our	O
Yongji	B-GPE
city	I-GPE
,	O
it	O
's	O
free	O
of	O
charge	O
.	O


Starting	O
with	O
the	O
technical	O
training	O
,	O
the	O
Yongji	B-GPE
peasant	O
cooperative	O
organization	O
began	O
to	O
take	O
shape	O
.	O


Aside	O
from	O
attening	O
the	O
classes	O
,	O
the	O
peasants	O
began	O
to	O
make	O
demands	O
of	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
,	O
asking	O
her	O
to	O
undertake	O
some	O
projects	O
.	O


Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
thereupon	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
poultry	O
-	O
raising	O
project	O
,	O
serving	O
as	O
guarantor	O
for	O
it	O
;	O
she	O
helped	O
the	O
peasants	O
take	O
out	O
a	O
loan	O
from	O
a	O
credit	O
union	O
for	O
150,000	B-MONEY
to	O
participate	O
in	O
this	O
project	O
.	O


Did	O
you	O
ever	O
think	O
what	O
you	O
'd	O
do	O
if	O
they	O
could't	O
pay	O
off	O
this	B-MONEY
150,000	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
when	O
it	O
came	O
due	O
?	O


Um	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
think	O
about	O
it	O
;	O
probably	O
because	O
I	O
was	O
so	O
positive	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
then	O
it	O
actually	O
failed	O
,	O
alas	O
!	O


A	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
later	O
,	O
it	O
,	O
failed	O
,	O
nobody	O
paid	O
back	O
the	O
money	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
credit	O
union	O
came	O
after	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
feel	O
any	O
regret	O
,	O
I	O
looked	O
for	O
the	O
reasons	O
.	O


How	O
could	O
it	O
have	O
failed	O
?	O


So	O
the	B-MONEY
150,000	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
credit	O
union	O
wanted	O
to	O
take	O
me	O
to	O
court	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
I	O
should	O
pay	O
it	O
back	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
said	O
what	O
I	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
I	O
would	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
.	O


If	O
nobody	O
wanted	O
to	O
pay	O
it	O
back	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
gradually	O
pay	O
it	O
off	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
pay	O
it	O
all	O
back	O
in	O
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Then	O
I	O
telephoned	O
him	O
:	O
given	O
my	O
actual	O
circumstances	O
,	O
if	O
I	O
pay	O
it	O
back	O
in	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
that	O
OK	O
?	O


The	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
credit	O
union	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
OK	O
,	O
,	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
take	O
me	O
to	O
court	O
,	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
shut	O
down	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O
my	O
store	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
confiscate	O
my	O
home	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
farming	O
village	O
,	O
150,000	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
is	O
no	O
small	O
sum	O
.	O


This	O
burdensome	O
debt	O
took	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
breath	O
away	O
.	O


Her	O
husband	O
's	O
not	O
understanding	O
and	O
blaming	O
her	O
added	O
to	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
psychological	O
burden	O
.	O


With	O
this	O
enormous	O
,	O
difficult	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
bear	O
pressure	O
on	O
her	O
,	O
she	O
did	O
not	O
understand	O
how	O
a	O
good	O
thing	O
could	O
turn	O
out	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
and	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
left	O
home	O
.	O


But	O
because	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
was	O
the	O
guarantor	O
,	O
the	O
credit	O
union	O
still	O
took	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
to	O
court	O
.	O


But	O
then	O
how	O
was	O
it	O
that	O
the	O
credit	O
union	O
let	O
you	O
go	O
?	O


They	O
did	O
n't	O
shut	O
down	O
your	O
shop	O
again	O
or	O
require	O
you	O
to	O
mortgage	O
the	O
shop	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
they	O
filed	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
against	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
lawyer	O
also	O
came	O
!	O


After	O
the	O
lawyer	O
came	O
,	O
he	O
explained	O
these	O
things	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
the	O
credit	O
union	O
has	O
already	O
filed	O
suit	O
against	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
,	O
well	O
then	O
I	O
still	O
can	O
not	O
help	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
lawyer	O
asked	O
me	O
,	O
from	O
A	O
to	O
Z	O
,	O
what	O
happened	O
?	O


So	O
I	O
explained	O
it	O
all	O
faithfully	O
.	O


After	O
I	O
explained	O
it	O
,	O
the	O
lawyer	O
looked	O
all	O
astonished	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
I	O
'll	O
go	O
see	O
the	O
credit	O
union	O
,	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
ask	O
them	O
-RRB-	O
not	O
to	O
file	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
lawyer	O
sorted	O
it	O
all	O
out	O
.	O


So	O
after	O
the	O
lawyer	O
arranged	O
it	O
all	O
,	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
credit	O
union	O
said	O
,	O
finally	O
we	O
've	O
reached	O
an	O
agreement	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
can	O
pay	O
it	O
back	O
over	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


So	O
as	O
of	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
I	O
still	O
have	O
65,000	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
to	O
pay	O
.	O


So	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
when	O
the	O
time	O
expires	O
,	O
will	O
you	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
pay	O
off	O
this	B-MONEY
65,000	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
?	O


65,000	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
from	O
the	O
start	O
,	O
,	O
if	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
provide	O
any	O
more	O
services	O
to	O
the	O
peasants	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
pay	O
it	O
off	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
peasants	O
need	O
lots	O
of	O
services	O
.	O


Ho	O
!	O


There	O
's	O
no	O
way	O
to	O
stop	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
I	O
discussed	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
credit	O
union	O
.	O


They	O
'll	O
defer	O
the	O
interest	O
for	O
each	O
year	O
.	O


Each	O
year	O
I	O
'll	O
give	O
them	O
the	O
interest	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
can	O
push	O
the	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
back	O
again	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
good	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
understand	O
and	O
agree	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
this	O
way	O
.	O


Yow	O
!	O
Do	O
n't	O
shoot	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
shoot	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
film	O
of	O
-RRB-	O
me	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
cry	O
.	O


Originally	O
I	O
was	O
thinking	O
I	O
'd	O
help	O
the	O
peasants	O
to	O
raise	O
their	O
incomes	O
,	O
but	O
because	O
of	O
that	O
I	O
took	O
on	O
a	O
debt	O
of	O
150,000	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
I	O
got	O
taken	O
to	O
court	O
.	O


In	O
1999	B-DATE
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
quit	O
her	O
job	O
as	O
a	O
teacher	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
in	O
running	O
the	O
fertilizer	O
store	O
,	O
she	O
often	O
gave	O
credit	O
to	O
poor	O
peasants	O
,	O
which	O
made	O
her	O
to	O
have	O
110,000	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
of	O
credit	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
collected	O
.	O


Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
thought	O
of	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
resolve	O
this	O
problem	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
absolutely	O
never	O
imagined	O
that	O
because	O
of	O
it	O
she	O
would	O
nearly	O
end	O
up	O
in	O
prison	O
.	O


Selling	O
to	O
them	O
on	O
credit	O
like	O
that	O
,	O
were	O
n't	O
you	O
concerned	O
that	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
money	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
?	O


Ho	O
!	O
If	O
I	O
could	O
not	O
collect	O
on	O
that	O
big	O
amount	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
thinking	O
how	O
will	O
I	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
peasants	O
credit	O
to	O
solve	O
the	O
peasants	O
'	O
real	O
problems	O
?	O


And	O
how	O
could	O
I	O
keep	O
this	O
from	O
having	O
a	O
negative	O
impact	O
?	O


I	O
discovered	O
that	O
peasants	O
are	O
not	O
entirely	O
having	O
no	O
money	O
.	O


So	O
then	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
thinking	O
,	O
could	O
n't	O
the	O
peasants	O
join	O
up	O
with	O
us	O
in	O
this	O
fertilizer	O
store	O
by	O
becoming	O
shareholders	O
?	O


Given	O
the	O
seasonal	O
nature	O
of	O
peasant	O
income	O
,	O
they	O
'd	O
have	O
to	O
invest	O
about	O
50	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
each	O
time	O
.	O


So	O
then	O
,	O
in	O
practice	O
,	O
I	O
let	O
the	O
peasants	O
invest	O
50	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
for	O
each	O
mu	O
of	O
land	O
,	O
invest	O
,	O
50	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


Then	O
,	O
after	O
you	O
've	O
become	O
a	O
shareholder	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
come	O
at	O
any	O
time	O
to	O
get	O
fertilizer	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
,	O
we	O
'll	O
settle	O
up	O
the	O
differences	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
amount	O
you	O
invested	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
've	O
invested	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
'll	O
take	O
your	O
money	O
and	O
buy	O
fertilizer	O
,	O
sell	O
fertilizer	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
peasants	O
bring	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
store	O
will	O
take	O
the	O
peasants	O
'	O
money	O
and	O
run	O
,	O
the	O
fertilizer	O
store	O
.	O


And	O
was	O
n't	O
there	O
anyone	O
who	O
said	O
to	O
you	O
that	O
this	O
approach	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
considered	O
an	O
illegal	O
way	O
of	O
raising	O
capital	O
?	O


Yes	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
thought	O
,	O
this	O
village	O
,	O
how	O
come	O
good	O
things	O
are	O
so	O
difficult	O
to	O
do	O
?	O


The	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
I	O
did	O
uh	O
,	O
eight	O
;	O
in	O
our	O
village	O
I	O
did	O
20	B-CARDINAL
households	O
.	O


It	O
had	O
no	O
impact	O
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
began	O
to	O
really	O
deal	O
with	O
everybody	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
all	O
knew	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
made	O
it	O
public	O
.	O


Good	O
grief	O
!	O
At	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
,	O
that	O
credit	O
union	O
,	O
Good	O
grief	O
!	O
That	O
service	O
,	O
everywhere	O
they	O
were	O
saying	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
is	O
raising	O
capital	O
illegally	O
.	O


Look	O
,	O
she	O
's	O
cheating	O
you	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
money	O
!	O


If	O
she	O
could	O
cheat	O
you	O
out	O
of	O
several	B-MONEY
tens	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
thousands	I-MONEY
and	O
then	O
she	O
could	O
leave	O
the	O
country	O
!	O


These	O
things	O
really	O
shook	O
up	O
our	O
government	O
.	O


Our	O
people	O
's	O
bank	O
,	O
our	O
association	O
,	O
they	O
all	O
came	O
.	O


After	O
they	O
all	O
came	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
,	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
investigate	O
your	O
business	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
,	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
investigate	O
?	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
we	O
hear	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
raising	O
capital	O
illegally	O
.	O


Because	O
there	O
,	O
leaders	O
of	O
different	O
sectors	O
from	O
our	O
city	O
,	O
they	O
all	O
came	O
here	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
said	O
illegally	O
raising	O
capital	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
startled	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
raising	O
capital	O
illegally	O
,	O
I	O
'll	O
shut	O
down	O
right	O
away	O
,	O
I	O
wo	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
anymore	O
.	O


An	O
accusation	O
of	O
raising	O
capital	O
illegally	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
small	O
matter	O
.	O


The	O
bank	O
investigated	O
the	O
matter	O
,	O


later	O
it	O
was	O
persuaded	O
and	O
prevented	O
by	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Yongji	B-GPE
.	O


Therefore	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
,	O
fed	O
up	O
with	O
scare	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
she	O
was	O
convinced	O
that	O
she	O
should	O
give	O
up	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
really	O
unwilling	O
.	O


After	O
thorough	O
consideration	O
,	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
made	O
a	O
surprising	O
decision	O
;	O
she	O
donated	O
the	O
fertilizer	O
store	O
,	O
with	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
profits	O
going	O
to	O
pay	O
the	O
activity	O
expenses	O
of	O
the	O
peasant	O
association	O
.	O


Essentially	O
this	O
fertilizer	O
store	O
enabled	O
your	O
family	O
to	O
earn	O
money	O
;	O
why	O
did	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
give	O
it	O
away	O
?	O


Because	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
everybody	O
had	O
become	O
a	O
shareholder	O
,	O
and	O
once	O
they	O
had	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
everybody	O
's	O
business	O
.	O


You	O
ca	O
n't	O
take	O
everybody	O
's	O
business	O
and	O
run	O
it	O
as	O
your	O
own	O
,	O
to	O
make	O
money	O
for	O
yourself	O
.	O


So	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
I	O
told	O
my	O
husband	O
about	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
my	O
husband	O
,	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
agree	O
.	O


Then	O
do	O
n't	O
let	O
everybody	O
become	O
a	O
shareholder	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
let	O
them	O
become	O
shareholders	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
'll	O
,	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
loan	O
the	O
money	O
and	O
get	O
the	O
business	O
going	O
.	O


Oh	O
!	O
But	O
I	O
felt	O
,	O
the	O
peasants	O
,	O
they	O
need	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
service	O
.	O


Who	O
would	O
have	O
guessed	O
that	O
my	O
husband	O
would	O
be	O
strongly	O
opposed	O
.	O


I	O
worked	O
with	O
him	O
again	O
and	O
again	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
he	O
agreed	O
.	O


Since	O
then	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
saying	O
anymore	O
that	O
she	O
is	O
raising	O
capital	O
illegally	O
.	O


Bing	B-PERSON
Zheng	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
sacrificed	O
her	O
own	O
profits	O
,	O
gradually	O
got	O
the	O
peasant	O
association	O
working	O
better	O
and	O
better	O
.	O


And	O
a	O
thing	O
that	O
came	O
next	O
made	O
the	O
villagers	O
not	O
only	O
see	O
that	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
had	O
a	O
spirit	O
of	O
sacrifice	O
,	O
but	O
her	O
organizing	O
skills	O
also	O
could	O
instill	O
confidence	O
in	O
people	O
.	O


In	O
organizing	O
the	O
village	O
women	O
,	O
how	O
did	O
the	O
dancing	O
part	O
come	O
about	O
?	O


I	O
said	O
why	O
could	O
n't	O
it	O
be	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
women	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
dancing	O
in	O
the	O
summer	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
what	O
?	O
How	O
can	O
we	O
be	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
?	O


I	O
said	O
,	O
why	O
ca	O
n't	O
we	O
be	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
?	O


That	O
day	O
I	O
went	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
women	O
's	O
association	O
,	O
The	O
women	O
's	O
association	O
gave	O
us	O
that	O
,	O
our	O
Yongji	B-GPE
,	O
invited	O
teachers	O
from	O
the	B-FAC
Chunlei	I-FAC
kindergarten	I-FAC
.	O


Wow	O
!	O


That	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
afternoon	O
,	O
We	O
first	O
got	O
together	O
20	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
some	I-DATE
women	O
in	O
our	O
village	O
to	O
dance	O
.	O


That	O
afternoon	O
we	O
basically	O
did	O
n't	O
dance	O
a	O
step	O
,	O


We	O
laughed	O
all	O
afternoon	O
.	O


Laughed	O
at	O
what	O
?	O


They	O
were	O
embarrassed	O
!	O


Hah	O
!	O


,	O
how	O
can	O
we	O
dance	O
!	O


Because	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
courtyard	O
of	O
our	O
home	O
,	O
The	O
teacher	O
was	O
,	O
extremely	O
conscientious	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
all	O
laughing	O
hard	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
afternoon	O
,	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
learn	O
a	O
single	O
step	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
saw	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
so	O
,	O
that	O
kind	O
,	O
excited	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
felt	O
,	O
maybe	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
life	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
persisted	O
.	O


I	O
persisted	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Just	O
imagine	O
,	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
our	O
village	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
120	B-CARDINAL
women	O
joined	O
in	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
women	O
's	O
activities	O
,	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
villagers	O
in	O
Zhaizi	B-GPE
Village	I-GPE
had	O
changed	O
.	O


On	O
Lunar	B-DATE
January	I-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2003	I-DATE
,	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
organized	O
a	O
large	O
get	O
-	O
together	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
men	O
participated	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
women	O
's	O
stage	O
performance	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
men	O
held	O
a	O
chess	O
tournament	O
.	O


After	O
that	O
,	O
it	O
became	O
popular	O
among	O
the	O
villagers	O
to	O
call	O
it	O
the	O
peasants	O
'	O
association	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
dancing	O
and	O
playing	O
chess	O
do	O
n't	O
achieve	O
any	O
real	O
benefits	O
for	O
the	O
villagers	O
.	O


Not	O
long	O
after	O
,	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
key	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
peasants	O
'	O
association	O
did	O
something	O
that	O
allowed	O
the	O
villagers	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
direct	O
advantages	O
of	O
the	O
peasants	O
'	O
association	O
.	O


When	O
was	O
the	O
village	O
construction	O
council	O
established	O
?	O


Why	O
did	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
this	O
body	O
?	O


Our	O
village	O
had	O
a	O
reputation	O
locally	O
as	O
having	O
messy	O
,	O
messy	O
lanes	O
.	O


Yikes	O
!	O


After	O
it	O
rained	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
really	O
tough	O
to	O
walk	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
village	O
committee	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
our	O
village	O
had	O
a	O
secretary	O
who	O
doubled	O
as	O
village	O
head	O
.	O


We	O
went	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
.	O


We	O
spoke	O
to	O
him	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
'd	O
always	O
say	O
no	O
.	O


The	O
reason	O
they	O
said	O
no	O
was	O
,	O
our	O
village	O
committee	O
had	O
no	O
money	O
.	O


We	O
considered	O
the	O
village	O
committee	O
's	O
hardship	O
,	O


and	O
the	O
villagers	O
discussed	O
it	O
collectively	O
.	O


They	O
decided	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
village	O
construction	O
council	O
,	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
fixing	O
up	O
the	O
lanes	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
why	O
were	O
you	O
confident	O
that	O
you	O
could	O
handle	O
the	O
matters	O
that	O
the	O
village	O
committee	O
was	O
n't	O
able	O
to	O
?	O


Because	O
we	O
all	O
discussed	O
things	O
together	O
,	O
very	O
intensely	O
.	O


Because	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
,	O
these	O
lanes	O
are	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
concern	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
we	O
do	O
it	O
ourselves	O
,	O
why	O
should	O
n't	O
we	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
it	O
done	O
?	O


But	O
the	O
fact	O
is	O
that	O
you	O
yourselves	O
selected	O
the	O
village	O
construction	O
council	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
an	O
autonomous	O
institution	O
,	O
might	O
it	O
not	O
clash	O
with	O
the	O
village	O
committee	O
?	O


There	O
were	O
no	O
clashes	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
selection	O
,	O
we	O
did	O
the	O
selection	O
;	O
if	O
our	O
village	O
committee	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
this	O
objective	O
difficulty	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
this	O
village	O
construction	O
council	O
of	O
ours	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
nobody	O
who	O
has	O
anything	O
against	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
there	O
's	O
none	O
of	O
this	O
feeling	O
of	O
dependency	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
's	O
possible	O
to	O
convince	O
every	O
family	O
,	O
every	O
household	O
to	O
mobilize	O
.	O


Because	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
everybody	O
agreed	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
actually	O
very	O
difficult	O
to	O
get	O
this	O
thing	O
done	O
,	O
to	O
complete	O
it	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
a	O
Yongji	B-GPE
official	O
,	O
the	O
reason	O
the	O
Zhaizi	B-GPE
Village	I-GPE
peasant	O
association	O
has	O
had	O
such	O
a	O
big	O
impact	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
major	O
reason	O
is	O
the	O
paralysis	O
of	O
the	O
village	O
committee	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
the	O
village	O
committee	O
was	O
originally	O
supposed	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
peasants	O
'	O
association	O
now	O
does	O
.	O


The	O
peasants	O
have	O
seen	O
that	O
the	O
association	O
has	O
safeguarded	O
for	O
the	O
peasants	O
'	O
interests	O
at	O
crucial	O
times	O
.	O


Zhaizi	B-GPE
Village	I-GPE
has	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
263	B-CARDINAL
households	O
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
households	O
that	O
became	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
association	O
went	O
from	O
over	O
a	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
before	O
the	O
lanes	O
were	O
fixed	O
to	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
.	O


On	O
June	B-DATE
7	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Yongji	I-ORG
Peasants	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
was	O
formally	O
registered	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Civil	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	O
Yongji	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


Its	O
legal	O
representative	O
is	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
.	O


In	O
November	B-DATE
2004	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
business	O
operated	O
by	O
the	O
peasants	O
'	O
association	O
after	O
it	O
was	O
registered	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Zhaizi	I-ORG
Village	I-ORG
Paint	I-ORG
Plant	I-ORG
,	O
was	O
set	O
up	O
and	O
went	O
into	O
production	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
shareholding	O
issue	O
,	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
association	O
members	O
ran	O
into	O
a	O
succession	O
of	O
problems	O
.	O


For	O
construction	O
capital	O
,	O
they	O
adopted	O
the	O
member	O
shareholding	O
approach	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
300	B-CARDINAL
shares	O
at	O
300	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
per	O
share	O
.	O


Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
idea	O
was	O
that	O
each	O
member	O
household	O
could	O
hold	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
could	O
n't	O
sell	O
that	O
number	O
of	O
shares	O
,	O
they	O
'd	O
let	O
the	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
directors	O
and	O
its	O
chairman	O
buy	O
shares	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
exceed	O
five	B-CARDINAL
shares	O
and	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
shares	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O


I	O
heard	O
many	O
people	O
say	O
you	O
made	O
an	O
arbitrary	O
decision	O
,	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
paint	O
plant	O
shareholding	O
decision	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
wanted	O
to	O
hold	O
controlling	O
shares	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
strongly	O
disagreed	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
absolutely	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
hear	O
other	O
people	O
's	O
opinions	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


,	O
as	O
we	O
were	O
organizing	O
,	O
,	O
the	O
paint	O
plant	O
,	O
right	O
away	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
meeting	O
,	O
they	O
proposed	O
,	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
hold	O
controlling	O
shares	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
running	O
is	O
,	O
a	O
cooperative	O
paint	O
plant	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
joint	O
-	O
stock	O
company	O
,	O
the	O
paint	O
plant	O
,	O
because	O
we	O
had	O
already	O
announced	O
that	O
information	O
in	O
advance	O
.	O


So	O
then	O
we	O
began	O
squabbling	O
at	O
the	O
meeting	O
.	O


You	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
this	O
way	O
,	O


That	O
way	O
is	O
too	O
arbitrary	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
you	O
go	O
home	O
and	O
study	O
up	O
on	O
what	O
the	O
coop	O
system	O
is	O
all	O
about	O
,	O
then	O
come	O
back	O
and	O
we	O
'll	O
talk	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
hold	O
a	O
controlling	O
share	O
,	O
I	O
suggest	O
you	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
plant	O
on	O
paper	O
.	O


Your	O
aim	O
in	O
holding	O
a	O
controlling	O
share	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
to	O
use	O
everybody	O
's	O
capital	O
to	O
serve	O
your	O
own	O
interests	O
?	O


But	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
later	O
,	O
everyone	O
again	O
clashed	O
with	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
.	O


There	O
are	O
twelve	B-CARDINAL
households	O
in	O
the	O
village	O
that	O
were	O
categorized	O
as	O
retarded	O
or	O
disabled	O
and	O
extremely	O
poor	O
households	O
.	O


Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
proposed	O
giving	O
one	O
share	O
to	O
these	O
households	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
capital	O
coming	O
from	O
the	O
association	O
's	O
expenditures	O
.	O


The	O
20	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
plus	I-CARDINAL
directors	O
and	O
the	O
chairman	O
split	O
up	O
into	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
groups	O
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
matter	O
of	O
giving	O
shares	O
to	O
these	O
twelve	B-CARDINAL
households	O
;	O
not	O
one	B-CARDINAL
person	O
supported	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
idea	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
Zheng	B-PERSON
Bing	I-PERSON
persisted	O
,	O
everyone	O
finally	O
agreed	O
.	O


Just	O
now	O
you	O
repeatedly	O
used	O
a	O
word	O
,	O
quality	O
.	O


What	O
quality	O
is	O
it	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
referring	O
to	O
?	O


Every	O
month	O
we	O
give	O
the	O
association	O
members	O
a	O
report	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
began	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
we	O
put	O
out	O
a	O
report	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
it	O
presented	O
a	O
goal	O
,	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
Number	O
One	B-CARDINAL
Village	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
within	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
association	O
is	O
now	O
experimenting	O
in	O
Zhaizi	B-GPE
Village	I-GPE
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
some	O
people	O
ask	O
you	O
,	O
this	O
Number	O
One	B-CARDINAL
,	O
what	O
does	O
that	O
imply	O
?	O


I	O
say	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
things	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
we	O
want	O
our	O
villagers	O
'	O
whole	O
concept	O
of	O
the	O
legal	O
system	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
in	O
all	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
,	O
we	O
want	O
the	O
overall	O
cultural	O
quality	O
of	O
our	O
villagers	O
to	O
be	O
number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
.	O


We	O
are	O
all	O
set	O
to	O
be	O
Number	O
One	B-CARDINAL
in	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
areas	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
10	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
goal	O
we	O
have	O
established	O
for	O
ourselves	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
achieve	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Number	O
One's_	B-CARDINAL
,	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
just	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
say	O
it	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
constantly	O
overcome	O
your	O
own	O
traditional	O
,	O
conservative	O
kinds	O
of	O
thinking	O
and	O
antiquated	O
concepts	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
constantly	O
challenge	O
yourself	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
quality	O
thing	O
,	O
it	O
really	O
has	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
meaning	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


Now	O
that	O
she	O
has	O
quit	O
her	O
teaching	O
job	O
,	O
donated	O
away	O
her	O
own	O
family	O
store	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
peasant	O
association	O
,	O
the	O
biggest	O
issue	O
for	O
her	O
now	O
is	O
still	O
that	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


The	O
peasants	O
'	O
association	O
does	O
n't	O
collect	O
any	O
membership	O
dues	O
;	O
the	O
six	B-CARDINAL
technical	O
service	O
centers	O
that	O
belong	O
to	O
it	O
give	O
the	O
members	O
a	O
two	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
discount	O
on	O
each	O
sack	O
of	O
fertilizer	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
let	O
members	O
buy	O
on	O
credit	O
and	O
pay	O
it	O
off	O
at	O
harvest	O
time	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
much	O
of	O
your	O
family	O
's	O
own	O
money	O
have	O
you	O
contributed	O
?	O


If	O
you	O
really	O
total	O
it	O
up	O
,	O
my	O
family	O
has	O
paid	O
out	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
200,000	I-MONEY
.	O


For	O
the	O
peasants	O
'	O
association	O
,	O
and	O
organizing	O
the	O
peasants	O
,	O
you	O
invested	O
200,000	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
plus	I-MONEY
,	O
such	O
a	O
huge	O
sum	O
,	O
does	O
n't	O
that	O
pain	O
you	O
?	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
pain	O
me	O
;	O
I	O
feel	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
worthwhile	O
.	O


At	O
3:42	B-TIME
on	I-TIME
July	I-TIME
28	I-TIME
,	I-TIME
1976	I-TIME
,	O
a	O
strong	O
earthquake	O
hit	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
.	O


On	O
the	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
28th	I-TIME
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Earthquake	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
called	O
an	O
emergency	O
consultative	O
meeting	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
meeting	O
,	O
Huang	B-PERSON
Xiangning	I-PERSON
read	O
the	O
earthquake	O
prediction	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
previously	O
issued	O
.	O


This	O
attracted	O
the	O
attention	O
of	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
relevant	O
fields	O
.	O


At	O
10:30	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
,	O
as	O
Huang	B-PERSON
Xiangning	I-PERSON
was	O
preparing	O
to	O
return	O
home	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
met	O
by	O
people	O
who	O
led	O
him	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
door	O
of	O
his	O
home	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
night	O
he	O
reported	O
to	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
leaders	O
on	O
earthquake	O
forecasting	O
.	O


What	O
sort	O
of	O
questions	O
did	O
Hua	B-PERSON
Guofeng	I-PERSON
ask	O
then	O
?	O


Who	O
else	O
was	O
there	O
?	O


Oh	O
,	O
,	O
when	O
I	O
went	O
in	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O
Mei	B-PERSON
Shirong	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
deputy	O
director	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
deputy	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
analysis	O
and	O
forecasting	O
office	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
,	O
and	O
Director	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Yingyong	I-PERSON
,	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
Seismology	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
Director	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
both	O
there	O
.	O


As	O
he	O
reached	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
report	O
,	O
Mei	B-PERSON
Shirong	I-PERSON
said	O
,	O
he	O
thought	O
he	O
wanted	O
--	O


The	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
earthquake	O
was	O
a	O
paroxysmal	O
earthquake	O
.	O


This	O
type	O
of	O
earthquake	O
has	O
no	O
precursors	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
it	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
predicted	O
and	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
take	O
precautions	O
.	O


Uh	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
the	O
gist	O
of	O
Mei	B-PERSON
Shirong	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
remarks	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
report	O
.	O


But	O
before	O
this	O
,	O
you	O
clearly	O
had	O
already	O
reported	O
this	O
opinion	O
to	O
the	O
analysis	O
and	O
forecasting	O
office	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
went	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Seismology	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
yes	O
.	O


How	O
could	O
he	O
say	O
this	O
?	O


This	O
is	O
absolutely	O
contrary	O
to	O
the	O
facts	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
,	O
,	O
could	O
it	O
be	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O
that	O
-LRB-	O
he	O
-RRB-	O
was	O
afraid	O
that	O
the	O
responsibility	O
was	O
too	O
much	O
,	O
so	O
-LRB-	O
he	O
-RRB-	O
blabbered	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
frightened	O
mentality	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
my	O
guess	O
,	O
maybe	O
it	O
was	O
what	O
he	O
was	O
thinking	O
under	O
frightening	O
circumstances	O
.	O


After	O
I	O
went	O
there	O
,	O
after	O
he	O
finished	O
the	O
report	O
,	O
Premier	O
Hua	B-PERSON
allowed	O
me	O
to	O
report	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
saw	O
what	O
was	O
going	O
on	O
,	O
I	O
took	O
the	O
annual	O
forecast	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
had	O
no	O
report	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
I	O
went	O
directly	O
to	O
discussing	O
our	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
annual	O
forecast	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
July	B-DATE
14	I-DATE
,	O
,	O
I	O
put	O
it	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
table	O
,	O
and	O
let	O
them	O
,	O
read	O
the	O
original	O
once	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
I	O
reported	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
interrupt	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


I	O
finished	O
,	O
and	O
Hua	B-PERSON
Guofeng	I-PERSON
then	O
said	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
State	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
does	O
not	O
hold	O
you	O
comrades	O
in	O
earthquake	O
industry	O
responsible	O
,	O
we	O
hope	O
you	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
do	O
your	O
monitoring	O
and	O
forecasting	O
work	O
to	O
protect	O
the	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
and	O
protect	O
Chairman	O
Mao	B-PERSON
.	O


That	O
was	O
what	O
they	O
said	O
.	O


But	O
obviously	O
what	O
you	O
said	O
,	O
the	O
facts	O
you	O
stated	O
,	O
conflicted	O
with	O
what	O
Mei	B-PERSON
Shirong	I-PERSON
had	O
stated	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
did	O
n't	O
anyone	O
express	O
any	O
dissatisfaction	O
over	O
this	O
?	O


No	O
.	O


Oh	O
,	O
,	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
raise	O
any	O
questions	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


And	O
no	O
one	O
suggested	O
looking	O
into	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Earthquake	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
?	O


No	O
,	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
.	O


Uh	O
,	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O
um	O
,	O
,	O
the	O
gist	O
of	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
was	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
's	O
responsibility	O
would	O
be	O
looked	O
into	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
you	O
need	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
concerns	O
.	O


,	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
go	O
back	O
,	O
continue	O
with	O
your	O
monitoring	O
work	O
,	O
monitoring	O
and	O
aftershocks	O
.	O


And	O
protect	O
the	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
and	O
protect	O
Chairman	O
Mao	B-PERSON
.	O


That	O
was	O
the	O
gist	O
of	O
what	O
Hua	B-PERSON
Guofeng	I-PERSON
said	O
.	O


Who	O
else	O
was	O
in	O
attendance	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
?	O


In	O
attendance	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Seismology	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
there	O
were	O
three	B-CARDINAL
of	O
us	O
,	O
Director	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Yingyong	I-PERSON
,	O
Deputy	O
Director	O
Mei	B-PERSON
Shirong	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
me	O
.	O


,	O
the	O
national	O
leaders	O
were	O
Hua	B-PERSON
Guofeng	I-PERSON
,	O


oh	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
Jiang	B-PERSON
Qing	I-PERSON
,	O


there	O
was	O
Ji	B-PERSON
Dengkui	I-PERSON
,	O
there	O
was	O
Wu	B-PERSON
De	I-PERSON
.	O


This	O
was	O
an	O
informational	O
briefing	O
that	O
hardly	O
anyone	O
knows	O
about	O
.	O


The	O
time	O
was	O
January	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1977	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
briefing	O
only	O
had	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
450	B-CARDINAL
copies	O
;	O
it	O
was	O
mainly	O
Committee	B-ORG
leaders	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
who	O
were	O
reported	O
to	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
briefing	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Seismology	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
analyzed	O
the	O
reasons	O
for	O
the	O
failure	O
to	O
report	O
the	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
earthquake	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Seismology	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
believes	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
that	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
clearly	O
recognize	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
anomalies	O
and	O
earthquakes	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
made	O
errors	O
in	O
assessing	O
the	O
earthquake	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
recognize	O
pre-earthquake	O
anomalous	O
signs	O
.	O


Third	B-ORDINAL
,	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
understand	O
the	O
seismological	O
and	O
geological	O
signs	O
in	O
the	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
,	O
Bohai	B-GPE
,	O
Zhangjiakou	B-GPE
area	O
.	O


These	O
three	B-CARDINAL
"	O
lack	O
of	O
understandings	O
"	O
made	O
people	O
feel	O
quite	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
guilty	O
conscience	O
.	O


Were	O
the	O
reasons	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
so	O
many	O
deaths	O
and	O
injuries	O
all	O
that	O
simple	O
?	O


The	O
reports	O
from	O
the	O
monitoring	O
stations	O
,	O
the	O
experts	O
'	O
opinions	O
all	O
failed	O
to	O
be	O
taken	O
seriously	O
by	O
the	O
relevant	O
departments	O
;	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
questions	O
did	O
this	O
raise	O
?	O


And	O
if	O
the	O
pre-quake	O
predictions	O
had	O
been	O
taken	O
seriously	O
,	O
what	O
result	O
would	O
that	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
?	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
relics	O
and	O
ruins	O
left	O
to	O
us	O
by	O
the	B-EVENT
Great	I-EVENT
Tangshan	I-EVENT
Earthquake	I-EVENT
.	O


In	O
that	O
calamity	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
was	O
laid	O
waste	O
.	O


And	O
yet	O
in	O
the	O
county	O
seat	O
of	O
Qinglong	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
in	O
Hebei	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
only	O
115	B-QUANTITY
km	I-QUANTITY
from	O
here	O
,	O
not	O
even	O
one	B-CARDINAL
person	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
county	O
died	O
in	O
the	O
great	O
earthquake	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
eve	O
of	O
the	O
twentieth	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Great	I-EVENT
Tangshan	I-EVENT
Earthquake	I-EVENT
,	O
that	O
is	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
1996	I-DATE
,	O
Qinglong	B-GPE
was	O
chosen	O
by	O
a	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
agency	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
successful	O
model	O
for	O
the	O
integration	O
of	O
scientific	O
research	O
and	O
administrative	O
management	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1976	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Hebei	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
had	O
issued	O
a	O
brief	O
report	O
which	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
revealed	O
the	O
facts	O
about	O
Qinglong	B-GPE
having	O
successfully	O
prepared	O
against	O
the	B-EVENT
Great	I-EVENT
Tangshan	I-EVENT
Earthquake	I-EVENT
.	O


But	O
the	O
report	O
was	O
withdrawn	O
very	O
quickly	O
.	O


Right	O
up	O
until	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Dr.	O
Kohl	B-PERSON
came	O
to	O
Beijing	B-GPE
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
Conference	B-EVENT
on	I-EVENT
Women	I-EVENT
and	O
learned	O
about	O
Qinglong	B-GPE
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
.	O


The	B-DATE
following	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
after	O
receiving	O
permission	O
from	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
this	O
female	O
UN	B-ORG
official	O
headed	O
up	O
a	O
team	O
in	O
person	O
and	O
conducted	O
an	O
on	O
-	O
site	O
investigation	O
in	O
Qinglong	B-GPE
.	O


Beginning	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
Qinglong	B-GPE
phenomenon	O
gradually	O
became	O
known	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
.	O


Speaking	O
of	O
the	O
Qinglong	B-GPE
miracle	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
people	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
forget	O
;	O
one	B-CARDINAL
is	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chunqing	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
other	O
is	O
Ran	B-PERSON
Guangqi	I-PERSON
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chunqing	I-PERSON
was	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
seismic	O
work	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Qinglong	I-ORG
County	I-ORG
Scientific	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
he	O
who	O
first	B-ORDINAL
brought	O
news	O
of	O
the	O
great	O
earthquake	O
back	O
to	O
Qinglong	B-GPE
.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
the	O
reasons	O
were	O
?	O


Why	O
was	O
Qinglong	B-GPE
able	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
and	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
was	O
n't	O
?	O


Oh	O
!	O


That	O
's	O
really	O
difficult	O
to	O
explain	O
in	O
a	O
few	O
words	O
.	O


Why	O
do	O
you	O
say	O
that	O
?	O


Qinglong	B-GPE
!	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
I	O
was	O
participating	O
,	O
on	O
July	B-DATE
14	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1976	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
was	O
participating	O
in	O
a	O
joint	O
survey	O
and	O
prevention	O
conference	O
.	O


The	O
local	O
manager	O
was	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chunqing	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
person	O
responsible	O
for	O
running	O
the	B-ORG
Qinglong	I-ORG
County	I-ORG
Scientific	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
was	O
named	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chunqing	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
was	O
also	O
on	O
the	O
dais	O
opening	O
the	O
conference	O
.	O


Opening	O
this	O
conference	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chengmin	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Seismology	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
came	O
.	O


When	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chengmin	I-PERSON
came	O
,	O
he	O
demanded	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
conference	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
spoke	O
to	O
the	O
bureau	O
's	O
director	O
,	O
Zha	B-PERSON
Zhiyuan	I-PERSON
:	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
conference	O
.	O


Zha	B-PERSON
Zhiyuan	I-PERSON
would	O
n't	O
let	O
him	O
.	O


What	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
that	O
was	O
never	O
became	O
known	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
pre-quake	O
speech	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
would	O
n't	O
allow	O
it	O
.	O


What	O
was	O
the	O
reason	O
?	O


What	O
reason	O
?	O


He	O
was	O
the	O
deputy	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
bureau	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
group	O
leader	O
.	O


Wang	B-PERSON
Chengmin	I-PERSON
thereupon	O
spent	O
two	B-DATE
evenings	I-DATE
holding	O
two	B-CARDINAL
colloquia	O
.	O


,	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chunqing	I-PERSON
participated	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
colloquium	O
.	O


,	O
uh	O
,	O
he	O
participated	O
in	O
this	O
meeting	O
from	O
start	O
to	O
finish	O
.	O


Ah	O
.	O


Wang	B-PERSON
Chengmin	I-PERSON
then	O
reported	O
the	O
pre-quake	O
opinions	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
units	O
.	O


Pre-quake	O
opinions	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
received	O
.	O


He	O
received	O
these	O
opinions	O
and	O
also	O
heard	O
that	O
Tangshan	B-ORG
Second	I-ORG
Middle	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
said	O
so	O
,	O


uh	O
,	O
teacher	O
Tian	B-PERSON
Jinwu	I-PERSON
of	O
Tangshan	B-ORG
Second	I-ORG
Middle	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
also	O
said	O
like	O
that	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
earthquake	O
prediction	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
essential	O
earthquake	O
requisites	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


In	O
late	B-DATE
July	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
early	I-DATE
August	I-DATE
a	O
7.0	B-CARDINAL
or	O
higher	O
,	O
possibly	O
even	O
an	O
8.0	B-CARDINAL
earthquake	O
will	O
occur	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
made	O
a	O
very	O
strong	O
impression	O
on	O
him	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
meeting	O
let	O
out	O
,	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chunqing	I-PERSON
dared	O
not	O
delay	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
hurriedly	O
made	O
the	O
long	O
journey	O
to	O
his	O
hometown	O
,	O
Qinglong	B-PERSON
,	O
because	O
his	O
home	O
was	O
in	O
Qinglong	B-PERSON
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
Ran	B-PERSON
Guangqi	I-PERSON
was	O
serving	O
as	O
Qinglong	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
secretary	O
and	O
county	O
head	O
.	O


After	O
receiving	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chunqing	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
report	O
,	O
Ran	B-PERSON
Guangqi	I-PERSON
immediately	O
convened	O
the	O
county	O
's	O
standing	O
committee	O
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
earthquake	O
situation	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
upper	O
levels	O
of	O
government	O
not	O
having	O
issued	O
any	O
earthquake	O
prediction	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
he	O
that	O
faced	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
losing	O
his	O
position	O
and	O
on	O
July	B-DATE
25	I-DATE
made	O
a	O
decision	O
,	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
notify	O
everyone	O
of	O
the	O
earthquake	O
situation	O
before	O
July	B-DATE
26	I-DATE
.	O


From	O
that	O
moment	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
Qinglong	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
went	O
into	O
pre-earthquake	O
mode	O
.	O


After	O
learning	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
what	O
was	O
Ran	B-PERSON
Guangqi	I-PERSON
,	O
as	O
county	O
secretary	O
and	O
county	O
head	O
,	O
thinking	O
and	O
doing	O
?	O


We	O
had	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
initiative	O
in	O
this	O
.	O


Uh	O
,	O
the	O
wolf	O
came	O
,	O
and	O
whose	O
child	O
did	O
he	O
carry	O
off	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
470,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
?	O


Is	O
n't	O
it	O
?	O


The	O
worst	O
case	O
scenario	O
would	O
be	O
losing	O
-LRB-	O
his	O
-RRB-	O
office	O
!	O


It	O
did	O
not	O
matter	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O
That	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
thing	O
was	O
,	O
criticizing	O
Deng	B-PERSON
.	O


Criticizing	O
Deng	B-PERSON
,	O
we	O
could	O
put	O
it	O
that	O
way	O
;	O
the	O
serious	O
matter	O
of	O
criticizing	O
Deng	B-PERSON
,	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
dare	O
not	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
because	O
that	O
was	O
a	O
call	O
from	O
above	O
!	O


Right	O
!	O


A	O
call	O
from	O
above	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
calling	O
on	O
us	O
to	O
criticize	O
Deng	B-PERSON
,	O
so	O
we	O
criticized	O
Deng	B-PERSON
.	O


But	O
we	O
were	O
talking	O
to	O
the	O
ordinary	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
difference	O
between	O
criticizing	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
criticizing	O
in	O
the	O
courtyard	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
the	O
difference	O
?	O


We	O
were	O
out	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
earthquake	O
prevention	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
just	O
went	O
on	O
criticizing	O
Deng	B-PERSON
outside	O
!	O


Our	O
supervisors	O
checked	O
up	O
on	O
us	O
and	O
learned	O
that	O
we	O
were	O
outside	O
criticizing	O
Deng	B-PERSON
.	O


That	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
problem	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
thinking	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


Ha	O
,	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
thing	O
was	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
really	O
dealing	O
with	O
a	O
major	O
quake	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
quake	O
,	O
the	O
ordinary	O
people	O
will	O
just	O
see	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
imperfect	O
.	O


The	O
mosquito	O
sees	O
a	O
few	O
welts	O
and	O
comes	O
back	O
again	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


The	O
ordinary	O
people	O
will	O
call	O
us	O
a	O
few	O
bad	O
names	O
,	O
when	O
it	O
becomes	O
worse	O
,	O
we	O
bow	O
and	O
leave	O
the	O
stage	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
issue	O
an	O
earthquake	O
prediction	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
real	O
earthquake	O
,	O
we	O
'd	O
be	O
embarrassed	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
locals	O
.	O


Maybe	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
acknowledge	O
the	O
debt	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
'd	O
feel	O
bad	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


Ran	B-PERSON
Guangqi	I-PERSON
examined	O
the	O
matter	O
thoroughly	O
,	O
and	O
under	O
these	O
circumstances	O
he	O
was	O
decisive	O
and	O
issued	O
an	O
earthquake	O
prediction	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
tell	O
anyone	O
he	O
was	O
doing	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
basically	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
recorded	O
at	O
the	O
province	O
level	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
issued	O
the	O
prediction	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
earthquake	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
fine	O
,	O
at	O
worst	O
I	O
'd	O
lose	O
my	O
position	O
.	O


Other	O
people	O
had	O
black	O
gauze	O
caps	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
looked	O
at	O
them	O
as	O
black	O
gauze	O
caps	O
;	O
I	O
had	O
a	O
black	O
gauze	O
cap	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
treated	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
stupid	O
turtle	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
original	O
saying	O
.	O


On	O
November	B-DATE
8	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1976	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Seismology	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
released	O
its	O
seventeenth	B-ORDINAL
seismic	O
report	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
earthquake	O
had	O
damaged	O
180,000	B-CARDINAL
homes	O
in	O
Qinglong	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
with	O
7,300	B-CARDINAL
of	O
these	O
collapsing	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
person	O
had	O
died	O
as	O
a	O
direct	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
earthquake	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Kailuan	I-ORG
Mine	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
was	O
another	O
miracle	O
.	O


The	O
miracle	O
was	O
that	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
miners	O
working	O
in	O
Kailuan	B-ORG
Mine	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
mines	O
successfully	O
escaped	O
danger	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Great	I-EVENT
Tangshan	I-EVENT
Earthquake	I-EVENT
,	O
and	O
this	O
established	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
disaster	O
prevention	O
and	O
preparation	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
there	O
are	O
more	O
lessons	O
to	O
be	O
learned	O
from	O
Kailuan	B-GPE
than	O
from	O
Qinglong	B-GPE
.	O


With	O
seismologists	O
being	O
unable	O
to	O
set	O
a	O
date	O
for	O
an	O
imminent	O
earthquake	O
,	O
how	O
can	O
people	O
carry	O
out	O
effective	O
disaster	O
prevention	O
and	O
preparation	O
work	O
?	O


When	O
the	B-EVENT
Great	I-EVENT
Tangshan	I-EVENT
earthquake	I-EVENT
hit	O
,	O
why	O
was	O
it	O
that	O
the	O
Kailuan	B-GPE
mine	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
at	O
only	O
0.07	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
?	O


I	O
went	O
down	O
in	O
the	O
mines	O
once	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
thought	O
about	O
this	O
,	O
under	O
those	O
circumstances	O
,	O
their	O
miners	O
,	O
if	O
a	O
real	O
earthquake	O
hits	O
,	O
if	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
them	O
out	O
of	O
there	O
very	O
quickly	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
horrendous	O
thing	O
.	O


Why	O
?	O


,	O
in	O
a	O
mine	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
power	O
goes	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
power	O
goes	O
out	O
and	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
ventilation	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
power	O
goes	O
out	O
and	O
the	O
ventilation	O
stops	O
,	O
in	O
40	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
or	O
so	O
,	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O
gas	O
,	O
underground	O
flooding	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O
that	O
can	O
quickly	O
threaten	O
human	O
life	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Power	O
-RRB-	O
outage	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
ventilation	O
-LRB-	O
stop	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
power	O
goes	O
out	O
and	O
the	O
ventilation	O
stops	O
for	O
more	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
forty	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
,	O
so	O
everything	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
in	O
that	O
time	O
frame	O
.	O


Otherwise	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
difficult	O
to	O
ensure	O
their	O
life	O
safety	O
.	O


Before	O
the	B-EVENT
Great	I-EVENT
Tangshan	I-EVENT
Earthquake	I-EVENT
,	O
the	B-ORG
Kailuan	I-ORG
Mine	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
did	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
work	O
to	O
establish	O
feasible	O
measures	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
underground	O
miners	O
safely	O
escape	O
dangers	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Kailuan	I-ORG
Mine	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
set	O
up	O
an	O
earthquake	O
preparedness	O
leadership	O
group	O
,	O
organized	O
at	O
various	O
levels	O
,	O
right	O
.	O


What	O
employees	O
in	O
critical	O
departments	O
were	O
supposed	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
right	O
,	O
what	O
the	O
leaders	O
in	O
critical	O
departments	O
were	O
supposed	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
all	O
clearly	O
spelled	O
out	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
document	O
.	O
It	O
's	O
all	O
clearly	O
spelled	O
out	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
the	O
big	O
earthquake	O
was	O
near	O
,	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
panic	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
miners	O
back	O
up	O
safely	O
.	O


So	O
only	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
men	O
died	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Kailuan	I-ORG
Mine	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
following	O
the	O
principle	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
better	O
to	O
have	O
a	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
without	O
an	O
earthquake	O
than	O
one	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
unpreparedness	O
,	O
and	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
idea	O
that	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
an	O
earthquake	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
earthquake	O
,	O
and	O
soon	O
,	O
constantly	O
focused	O
on	O
underground	O
earthquake	O
-	O
proofing	O
work	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
stop	O
with	O
written	O
earthquake	O
preparedness	O
measures	O
;	O
they	O
transferred	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
human	O
and	O
physical	O
resources	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
shoring	O
-	O
up	O
and	O
maintenance	O
work	O
aboveground	O
and	O
underground	O
.	O


So	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Kailuan	I-ORG
Mine	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
they	O
certainly	O
did	O
n't	O
pin	O
all	O
their	O
hopes	O
on	O
someone	O
issuing	O
an	O
earthquake	O
forecast	O
.	O


What	O
they	O
did	O
pin	O
their	O
hopes	O
on	O
was	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
what	O
day	O
the	O
earthquake	O
occurs	O
on	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
afraid	O
.	O


Every	O
day	O
,	O
maybe	O
they	O
said	O
,	O
taking	O
this	O
whatchamacallit	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
kind	O
of	O
thinking	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
maintain	O
this	O
army	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
thousand	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
even	O
if	O
we	O
only	O
use	O
it	O
for	O
one	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	O


,	O
,	O
every	O
day	O
you	O
have	O
an	O
earthquake	O
and	O
,	O
,	O
I	O
just	O
do	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
supposed	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


What	O
do	O
I	O
mean	O
when	O
I	O
say	O
I	O
just	O
do	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
supposed	O
to	O
do	O
?	O


From	O
%pw	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
they	O
established	O
the	O
earthquake	O
office	O
,	O
they	O
began	O
paying	O
attention	O
to	O
earthquake	O
forecasting	O
.	O


Their	O
focus	O
on	O
earthquake	O
forecasting	O
was	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
whenever	O
the	O
earthquake	O
hits	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Kailuan	I-ORG
Mine	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
says	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
assure	O
the	O
miners	O
underground	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
no	O
good	O
if	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
,	O
,	O
get	O
the	O
miners	O
back	O
up	O
.	O


When	O
the	B-EVENT
Great	I-EVENT
Tangshan	I-EVENT
Earthquake	I-EVENT
hit	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Kailuan	I-ORG
Mine	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
was	O
situated	O
in	O
the	O
extreme	O
quake	O
zone	O
.	O


Eight	B-CARDINAL
mines	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
under	O
construction	O
were	O
all	O
in	O
the	O
9	B-CARDINAL
to	O
11	B-CARDINAL
intensity	O
zone	O
.	O


More	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
70	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
buildings	O
collapsed	O
or	O
were	O
seriously	O
damaged	O
;	O
the	O
power	O
grid	O
,	O
the	O
transport	O
system	O
and	O
mineshaft	O
elevators	O
,	O
ventilation	O
and	O
drainage	O
facilities	O
were	O
severely	O
damaged	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
about	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
the	O
Kailuan	B-GPE
miners	O
were	O
stuck	O
underground	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
moment	O
that	O
the	O
earthquake	O
hit	O
,	O
how	O
could	O
they	O
be	O
gotten	O
out	O
?	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
how	O
to	O
get	O
them	O
out	O
,	O
,	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
this	O
involved	O
several	O
problems	O
,	O
very	O
typical	O
ones	O
.	O


Um	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
,	O
the	B-FAC
Lu	I-FAC
jiatuo	I-FAC
mine	I-FAC
had	O
a	O
vertical	O
-	O
shaft	O
ladder	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
there	O
were	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
the	O
mine	O
,	O
male	O
,	O
female	O
,	O
old	O
and	O
young	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
it	O
seemed	O
like	O
,	O
the	O
mine	O
's	O
deputy	O
manager	O
,	O
Jia	B-PERSON
Bangyou	I-PERSON
,	O
he	O
was	O
very	O
calmly	O
commanding	O
over	O
a	O
thousand	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
keeping	O
them	O
not	O
panicked	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
thing	O
was	O
avoiding	O
panic	O
,	O
at	O
every	O
level	O
,	O
whatever	O
responsibility	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
shouldered	O
,	O
you	O
had	O
to	O
shoulder	O
it	O
,	O
we	O
just	O
spoke	O
about	O
that	O
,	O
so	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
clear	O
division	O
of	O
labor	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
imagine	O
if	O
there	O
was	O
n't	O
excellent	O
organization	O
,	O
a	O
few	O
would	O
get	O
trampled	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
thinking	O
,	O
a	O
few	O
will	O
get	O
trampled	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
Jia	B-PERSON
Bangyou	I-PERSON
said	O
,	O
go	O
to	O
a	O
station	O
at	O
the	O
mine	O
's	O
mouth	O
,	O
women	O
comrades	O
come	O
up	O
first	B-ORDINAL
.	O


After	O
all	O
the	O
women	O
comrades	O
had	O
gone	O
up	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
workers	O
went	O
up	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
regulations	O
,	O
,	O
they	O
had	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
document	O
in	O
writing	O
,	O
new	O
workers	O
go	O
up	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
new	O
workers	O
had	O
all	O
gone	O
up	O
,	O
the	O
experienced	O
older	O
workers	O
went	O
up	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
the	O
CCP	B-ORG
members	O
came	O
up	O
last	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
Jia	B-PERSON
Bangyou	I-PERSON
said	O
,	O
CCP	B-ORG
members	O
come	O
up	O
last	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
mouth	O
of	O
the	O
mine	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
had	O
come	O
up	O
first	B-ORDINAL
did	O
n't	O
leave	O
,	O
they	O
stayed	O
right	O
there	O
,	O
enduring	O
the	O
aftershocks	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
waited	O
right	O
through	O
to	O
past	O
8:00	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
.	O


Jia	B-PERSON
Bangyou	I-PERSON
finally	O
came	O
back	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
surface	O
safely	O
.	O


Not	O
one	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Lu	I-FAC
jiatuo	I-FAC
Mine	I-FAC
's	I-FAC
underground	O
personnel	O
had	O
been	O
lost	O
;	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
people	O
escaped	O
death	O
deep	O
underground	O
in	O
this	O
dangerous	O
situation	O
.	O


They	O
created	O
an	O
inspiring	O
miracle	O
underground	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
by	O
accident	O
.	O


I	O
really	O
admire	O
this	O
group	O
of	O
CCP	B-ORG
members	O
who	O
were	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Lu	I-FAC
jiatuo	I-FAC
Mine	I-FAC
in	O
1976	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
CCP	B-ORG
members	O
who	O
were	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Lu	I-FAC
jiatuo	I-FAC
Mine	I-FAC
in	O
1976	B-DATE
were	O
the	O
last	O
to	O
come	O
up	O
.	O


Uh	O
,	O
after	O
they	O
had	O
come	O
up	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
at	O
the	O
mouth	O
of	O
the	O
mine	O
had	O
left	O
.	O


Why	O
?	O


Their	O
mine	O
boss	O
,	O
Jia	B-PERSON
Bangyou	I-PERSON
,	O
had	O
not	O
yet	O
come	O
up	O
.	O


Men	O
,	O
women	O
,	O
old	O
and	O
young	O
were	O
all	O
at	O
the	O
mouth	O
of	O
the	O
mine	O
,	O
not	O
going	O
anywhere	O
.	O


Jia	B-PERSON
Bangyou	I-PERSON
came	O
up	O
,	O
took	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
crowd	O
,	O
all	O
waiting	O
there	O
quietly	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
very	O
moved	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
Go	O
on	O
!	O
All	O
of	O
you	O
go	O
home	O
!	O
Go	O
see	O
whether	O
your	O
families	O
are	O
still	O
alive	O
.	O


!	O


Qinglong	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
successfully	O
issued	O
the	O
imminent	O
earthquake	O
warning	O
,	O
and	O
470,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
county	O
got	O
through	O
the	O
disaster	O
unscathed	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Kailuan	I-ORG
Mine	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
has	O
lost	O
only	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
mine	O
workers	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
miracle	O
of	O
disaster	O
preparedness	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
the	O
final	O
analysis	O
their	O
success	O
was	O
manifested	O
in	O
their	O
focusing	O
on	O
earthquakes	O
.	O


Possibly	O
we	O
should	O
say	O
,	O
if	O
,	O
before	O
the	O
quake	O
,	O
the	O
relevant	O
national	O
departments	O
had	O
taken	O
seriously	O
the	O
news	O
of	O
the	O
earthquake	O
forecast	O
,	O
would	O
the	O
casualties	O
have	O
been	O
so	O
high	O
?	O


If	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
n't	O
have	O
been	O
such	O
a	O
tragedy	O
.	O


There	O
simply	O
would	O
n't	O
have	O
been	O
such	O
a	O
tragedy	O
.	O
If	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
communication	O
at	O
all	O
levels	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
had	O
been	O
warned	O
.	O
Uh	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
definite	O
date	O
.	O


You	O
ca	O
n't	O
determine	O
July	B-TIME
28	I-TIME
at	I-TIME
3:42	I-TIME
,	O
that	O
's	O
impossible	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
's	O
an	O
approximate	O
time	O
frame	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
relatively	O
big	O
earthquake	O
will	O
probably	O
occur	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
a	O
notice	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
given	O
out	O
.	O


And	O
what	O
exactly	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
was	O
the	O
reason	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
n't	O
done	O
?	O


The	O
precise	O
reason	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
done	O
,	O
you	O
could	O
say	O
there	O
were	O
many	O
factors	O
involved	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
main	O
factor	O
,	O
I	O
believe	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
taken	O
seriously	O
enough	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
taken	O
seriously	O
enough	O
.	O


Even	O
though	O
the	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
seismic	O
monitoring	O
network	O
had	O
,	O
so	O
many	O
earthquake	O
warning	O
signs	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O


every	O
province	O
and	O
city	O
has	O
so	O
many	O
emergency	O
reporting	O
offices	O
,	O
look	O
at	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
Hebei	B-GPE
,	O
they	O
all	O
have	O
emergency	O
reporting	O
stations	O
.	O


,	O
they	O
all	O
had	O
earthquake	O
forecast	O
opinions	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
attract	O
enough	O
attention	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
did	O
your	O
investigation	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
discovered	O
that	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
level	O
was	O
such	O
as	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
predict	O
this	O
earthquake	O
,	O
what	O
did	O
you	O
think	O
?	O


How	O
can	O
I	O
explain	O
this	O
?	O


In	O
earthquake	O
forecasting	O
,	O
success	O
means	O
succeeding	O
in	O
your	O
probing	O
of	O
the	O
situation	O
,	O
and	O
failure	O
means	O
failing	O
in	O
your	O
probing	O
.	O


,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Seismology	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
should	O
have	O
predicted	O
this	O
earthquake	O
coming	O
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
in	O
,	O
the	O
attitudes	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
officials	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Seismology	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
,	O
you	O
take	O
seriously	O
,	O
you	O
come	O
,	O
your	O
underlings	O
forcefully	O
request	O
a	O
meeting	O
,	O
you	O
meet	O
with	O
them	O
and	O
you	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
make	O
a	O
decision	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
your	O
level	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
our	O
officials	O
are	O
n't	O
--	O


This	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
issue	O
that	O
perplexes	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
,	O
why	O
is	O
it	O
that	O
the	O
masses	O
'	O
community	O
monitoring	O
stations	O
can	O
pick	O
up	O
abnormal	O
data	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
specialists	O
,	O
the	O
experts	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
detect	O
anything	O
?	O


All	O
I	O
can	O
say	O
is	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
sadness	O
of	O
240,000	B-CARDINAL
wronged	O
souls	O
of	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
.	O


Really	O
.	O


The	O
local	O
people	O
all	O
saw	O
it	O
coming	O
.	O


This	O
book	O
of	O
mine	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
title	O
page	O
I	O
write	O
,	O
I	O
wrote	O
this	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Tangshan	I-ORG
Earthquake	I-ORG
Monitoring	I-ORG
Network	I-ORG
;	O
I	O
respectfully	O
represent	O
the	O
240,000	B-CARDINAL
dead	O
.	O


I	O
really	O
wrote	O
that	O
I	O
represented	O
the	O
dead	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
represent	O
the	O
living	O
.	O


I	O
respectfully	O
represent	O
the	O
240,000	B-CARDINAL
Tangshan	B-GPE
dead	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
Tansghan	B-GPE
,	O
earthquake	O
monitoring	O
network	O
,	O
you	O
predicted	O
the	B-EVENT
Great	I-EVENT
Tangshan	I-EVENT
Earthquake	I-EVENT
,	O
you	O
reported	O
the	O
emergency	O
,	O
you	O
made	O
every	O
effort	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
the	O
pride	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
your	O
home	O
town	O
!	O


We	O
love	O
you	O
!	O
And	O
we	O
pray	O
for	O
you	O
!	O


In	O
your	O
view	O
,	O
is	O
it	O
more	O
important	O
to	O
maintain	O
social	O
stability	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
around	O
the	O
capital	O
,	O
or	O
is	O
it	O
more	O
important	O
that	O
a	O
major	O
earthquake	O
may	O
cost	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
many	O
people	O
?	O


,	O
in	O
my	O
view	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
it	O
's	O
human	O
life	O
,	O
definitely	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
anything	O
else	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
my	O
final	O
appeal	O
in	O
my	O
book	O
.	O


My	O
appeal	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
this	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
this	O
one	B-CARDINAL
little	O
crux	O
.	O


Life	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
anything	O
else	O
!	O


Regardless	O
whether	O
you	O
're	O
,	O
any	O
country	O
,	O
any	O
region	O
,	O
any	O
race	O
,	O
any	O
political	O
party	O
,	O
people	O
's	O
dignity	O
,	O
people	O
's	O
lives	O
are	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
anything	O
else	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
the	O
pain	O
in	O
the	O
hearts	O
of	O
many	O
Chinese	B-NORP
seismologists	O
.	O


Before	O
the	B-EVENT
Great	I-EVENT
Tangshan	I-EVENT
Earthquake	I-EVENT
,	O
China	B-GPE
had	O
medium	O
-	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
forecasts	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
annual	O
forecasts	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
imminent	O
forecasts	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
the	O
tragic	O
result	O
was	O
that	O
240,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
lost	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
say	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
profound	O
lesson	O
in	O
this	O
.	O


Why	O
do	O
you	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
leaders	O
involved	O
need	O
to	O
take	O
responsibility	O
for	O
this	O
?	O


Maybe	O
for	O
them	O
it	O
was	O
just	O
an	O
inadvertent	O
mistake	O
,	O
or	O
an	O
oversight	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
they	O
ought	O
to	O
,	O
,	O
have	O
held	O
a	O
meeting	O
,	O
and	O
maybe	O
reduced	O
the	O
losses	O
.	O


Therefore	O
the	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
earthquake	O
,	O
I	O
still	O
say	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
at	O
the	O
levels	O
,	O
,	O
to	O
forecast	O
on	O
time	O
,	O
on	O
July	B-DATE
28	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1976	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
approximately	O
3:42	B-TIME
.	O


But	O
we	O
are	O
at	O
the	O
level	O
where	O
we	O
can	O
say	O
,	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
July	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
early	I-DATE
August	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
that	O
week	O
of	O
time	O
,	O


,	O
this	O
all	O
could	O
have	O
been	O
said	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
not	O
at	O
the	O
level	O
to	O
report	O
that	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
small	O
area	O
of	O
Fengnan	B-GPE
in	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
we	O
can	O
report	O
for	O
the	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
and	O
Zhangjiakou	B-GPE
area	O
.	O


,	O
we	O
have	O
already	O
,	O
very	O
clearly	O
said	O
that	O
.	O


We	O
ca	O
n't	O
correctly	O
predict	O
a	O
7.8	B-CARDINAL
earthquake	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
can	O
forecast	O
an	O
above	O
5.0	B-CARDINAL
,	O
even	O
above	O
6.0	B-CARDINAL
,	O
or	O
even	O
that	O
not	O
excluding	O
a	O
7.0	B-CARDINAL
earthquake	O
,	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
say	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
disaster	O
records	O
,	O
many	O
people	O
might	O
get	O
the	O
impression	O
that	O
the	B-EVENT
Great	I-EVENT
Tangshan	I-EVENT
earthquake	I-EVENT
was	O
not	O
just	O
a	O
natural	O
disaster	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
many	O
human	O
disasters	O
.	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
see	O
that	O
?	O


,	O
,	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
question	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
answer	O
clearly	O
here	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
precise	O
,	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
a	O
natural	O
disaster	O
it	O
's	O
also	O
a	O
human	O
disaster	O
.	O


That	O
included	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
,	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
politics	O
,	O
certainly	O
some	O
campaigns	O
like	O
the	B-ORG
Gang	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Four	I-ORG
,	O
had	O
an	O
effect	O
,	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
earthquake	O
-	O
related	O
decision	O
-	O
making	O
,	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
do	O
their	O
duty	O
and	O
their	O
responsibility	O
to	O
their	O
utmost	O
.	O


The	O
price	O
paid	O
for	O
the	B-EVENT
Great	I-EVENT
Tangshan	I-EVENT
Earthquake	I-EVENT
was	O
240,000	B-CARDINAL
lives	O
tragically	O
lost	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
will	O
forever	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
history	O
;	O


what	O
lessons	O
should	O
mankind	O
learn	O
from	O
this	O
great	O
disaster	O
?	O


Can	O
the	O
tragedy	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Great	I-EVENT
Tangshan	I-EVENT
Earthquake	I-EVENT
ever	O
be	O
repeated	O
?	O


What	O
is	O
even	O
more	O
unexpected	O
is	O
that	O
two	B-FAC
Chinese	B-NORP
seismologists	O
who	O
precisely	O
predicted	O
the	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
quake	O
and	O
who	O
have	O
spent	O
a	O
lifetime	O
doing	O
earthquake	O
research	O
coincidentally	O
believe	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
not	O
made	O
progress	O
in	O
earthquake	O
forecasting	O
levels	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
actually	O
gone	O
backwards	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
thing	O
were	O
to	B-DATE
,	O
happen	O
in	O
today	O
's	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
disaster	O
could	O
be	O
avoided	O
?	O


Now	O
it	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
avoided	O
,	O
now	O
China	B-GPE
does	O
n't	O
have	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O
this	O
capacity	O
.	O


So	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
this	O
capacity	O
.	O


In	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
China	B-GPE
the	O
level	O
of	O
earthquake	O
forecasting	O
,	O
I	O
believe	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
before	O
the	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
earthquake	O
,	O
has	O
fallen	O
,	O
has	O
slipped	O
by	O
a	O
wide	O
margin	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
were	O
once	O
again	O
to	O
continue	O
focusing	O
on	O
earthquake	O
preparedness	O
as	O
before	O
Premier	O
Zhou	B-PERSON
died	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
policy	O
of	O
the	O
experts	O
and	O
the	O
masses	O
working	O
together	O
,	O
and	O
combining	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
foreign	O
methods	O
,	O
then	O
,	O
earthquake	O
forecasting	O
would	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
track	O
again	O
.	O


Now	O
we	O
're	O
,	O
out	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
legs	O
,	O
missing	O
one	B-CARDINAL
leg	O
.	O


Experts	O
and	O
the	O
masses	O
working	O
together	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
masses	O
monitoring	O
and	O
working	O
on	O
preparedness	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
,	O
been	O
weakened	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
very	O
disturbing	O
.	O


Looking	O
at	O
it	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Great	I-EVENT
Tangshan	I-EVENT
Earthquake	I-EVENT
,	O
monitoring	O
and	O
preparedness	O
by	O
the	O
masses	O
and	O
monitoring	O
of	O
ground	O
stress	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
proven	O
;	O


they	O
should	O
be	O
effective	O
,	O
so	O
why	O
are	O
n't	O
they	O
being	O
taken	O
seriously	O
?	O


But	O
that	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
,	O
,	O
the	O
Seismology	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
system	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O
acknowledges	O
,	O
oh	O
!	O


In	O
the	O
,	O
'80s	B-DATE
,	O
exactly	O
which	O
year	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
,	O
a	O
conference	O
was	O
held	O
in	O
Quanzhou	B-GPE
,	O
we	O
who	O
believe	O
in	O
monitoring	O
and	O
preparedness	O
by	O
the	O
masses	O
call	O
it	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
earths	O
,	O
earth	O
electricity	O
,	O
earth	O
stress	O
,	O
and	O
earth	O
magnetism	O
,	O
they	O
denied	O
it	O
all	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
monitoring	O
and	O
preparedness	O
by	O
the	O
masses	O
used	O
before	O
the	O
Tangshan	B-GPE
quake	O
,	O
and	O
methods	O
that	O
produced	O
this	O
prediction	O
.	O


And	O
also	O
before	O
an	O
earthquake	O
in	O
coastal	O
cities	O
,	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
monitoring	O
and	O
preparedness	O
by	O
the	O
masses	O
,	O
in	O


Like	O
many	O
Heartland	B-LOC
states	O
,	O
Iowa	B-GPE
has	O
had	O
trouble	O
keeping	O
young	O
people	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
farm	O
or	O
anywhere	O
within	O
state	O
lines	O
.	O


With	O
population	O
waning	O
,	O
the	O
state	O
is	O
looking	O
beyond	O
its	O
borders	O
for	O
newcomers	O
.	O


As	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Sciutto	I-PERSON
reports	O
,	O
one	O
little	O
town	O
may	O
provide	O
a	O
big	O
lesson	O
.	O


On	O
homecoming	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
Postville	B-GPE
feels	O
like	O
Hometown	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
USA	I-GPE
,	O
but	O
a	O
look	O
around	O
this	O
town	O
of	O
2,000	B-CARDINAL
shows	O
it	O
's	O
become	O
a	O
miniature	O
Ellis	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
.	O


This	O
was	O
an	O
all	O
-	O
white	O
,	O
all	O
-	O
christian	B-NORP
community	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
sudden	O
was	O
taken	O
over	O
--	O
not	O
taken	O
over	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
bad	O
choice	O
of	O
words	O
,	O
but	O
invaded	O
by	O
,	O
perhaps	O
different	O
groups	O
.	O


It	O
began	O
when	O
a	O
Hasidic	B-NORP
Jewish	I-NORP
family	O
bought	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
town	O
's	O
two	B-CARDINAL
meat	O
-	O
packing	O
plants	O
13	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
they	O
brought	O
in	O
other	O
Hasidic	B-NORP
Jews	I-NORP
,	O
then	O
Mexicans	B-NORP
,	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
,	O
Ukrainians	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
plant	O
and	O
another	O
next	O
door	O
changed	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
Postville	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
think	O
Postville	B-GPE
might	O
be	O
catching	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
America	B-GPE
.	O


If	O
you	O
look	O
all	O
over	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
if	O
you	O
did	O
a	O
study	O
of	O
any	O
great	O
city	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
see	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
.	O


The	O
plants	O
helped	O
spur	O
economic	O
development	O
in	O
a	O
town	O
that	O
had	O
long	O
been	O
stagnant	O
.	O


Stores	O
are	O
expanding	O
.	O


New	O
apartments	O
and	O
houses	O
are	O
being	O
built	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
new	O
jobs	O
,	O
making	O
unemployment	O
almost	O
nonexistent	O
.	O


What	O
else	O
would	O
you	O
like	O
?	O


Postville	B-GPE
now	O
has	O
22	B-CARDINAL
different	O
nationalities	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
residents	O
have	O
n't	O
welcomed	O
the	O
newcomers	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
no	O
insurance	O
on	O
their	O
cars	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
stop	O
at	O
stop	O
signs	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
not	O
put	O
their	O
children	O
in	O
a	O
cash	O
--	O
they	O
've	O
never	O
heard	O
of	O
a	O
car	O
seat	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
here	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
most	O
people	O
would	O
meet	O
them	O
halfway	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
what	O
they	O
want	O
.	O


For	O
those	O
who	O
prefer	O
the	O
old	O
Postville	B-GPE
,	O
Mayor	B-PERSON
John	I-PERSON
Hyman	I-PERSON
has	O
a	O
simple	O
answer	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
tell	O
them	O
,	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
here	O
to	O
stay	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
not	O
gon	O
na	O
leave	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
adapt	O
to	O
these	O
people	O
.	O


Iowa	B-GPE
's	O
governor	O
is	O
now	O
looking	O
to	O
follow	O
Postville	B-GPE
's	O
example	O
,	O
relaxing	O
immigration	O
quotas	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
goal	O
that	O
seems	O
possible	O
when	O
on	O
homecoming	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
the	O
starting	O
kicker	O
is	O
14	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Nikita	I-DATE
Kargalskiy	I-DATE
,	O
who	O
may	O
be	O
5,000	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
from	O
his	O
hometown	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
Sciutto	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Postville	B-GPE
Iowa	I-GPE
.	O


Finally	O
this	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
--	O
the	O
auctioneers	O
.	O


Here	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
gigantic	O
international	O
auction	O
house	O
Sotheby	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
pleaded	O
guilty	O
to	O
price	O
-	O
fixing	O
with	O
Christie	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
--	O
its	O
only	O
real	O
competition	O
in	O
an	O
industry	O
that	O
does	O
$	B-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
business	O
every	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
rich	O
and	O
the	O
powerful	O
stifling	O
competition	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Aaron	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
.	O


Sold	O
for	O
$	O
200,000	B-MONEY
.	O


Diana	B-PERSON
Brooks	I-PERSON
was	O
at	O
home	O
on	O
center	O
stage	O
in	O
the	O
toney	O
world	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
priced	O
art	O
.	O


As	O
President	O
of	O
Sotheby	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
,	O
she	O
often	O
conducted	O
the	O
biggest	O
,	O
the	O
highest	O
profile	O
auctions	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
Kennedy	B-PERSON
family	O
treasures	O
,	O
herself	O
.	O


Sold	O
for	O
$	O
95,000	B-MONEY
.	O


Today	O
,	O
she	O
took	O
center	O
stage	O
in	O
a	O
far	O
grittier	O
place	O
,	O
pleading	O
guilty	O
to	O
bilking	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
wealthy	O
art	O
patrons	O
out	O
of	O
tens	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
millions	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Those	O
charged	O
engaged	O
in	O
classic	O
cartel	O
behavior	O
--	O
price	O
fixing	O
,	O
pure	O
and	O
simple	O
.	O


The	O
cartel	O
consisted	O
of	O
Sotheby	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
and	O
Christie	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
.	O


Arch	O
rivals	O
for	O
nearly	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
centuries	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
auction	O
houses	O
agreed	O
to	O
fix	O
prices	O
on	O
what	O
they	O
charged	O
the	O
buyers	O
and	O
sellers	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
priced	O
art	O
.	O


Even	O
arch	O
rivals	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
,	O
have	O
a	O
common	O
bond	O
.	O


Sotheby	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
and	O
Christie	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
are	O
all	O
about	O
money	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
dealing	O
with	O
art	O
,	O
history	O
and	O
beautiful	O
things	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
day	O
,	O
people	O
go	O
to	O
Sotheby	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
and	O
Christie	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
because	O
they	O
believe	O
they	O
can	O
get	O
best	O
price	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
already	O
agreed	O
to	O
pay	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	O
settle	O
the	O
civil	O
suits	O
spawned	O
by	O
their	O
crimes	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Brooks	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
could	O
go	O
to	O
prison	O
and	O
will	O
certainly	O
be	O
heavily	O
fined	O
has	O
agreed	O
to	O
turn	O
state	O
's	O
evidence	O
,	O
turning	O
against	O
her	O
boss	O
.	O


She	O
becomes	O
Sammy	B-PERSON
``	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
bull	I-PERSON
''	I-PERSON
Gravano	I-PERSON
with	O
better	O
taste	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
art	O
world	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
while	O
being	O
more	O
careful	O
,	O
perhaps	O
,	O
it	O
continues	O
to	O
do	O
business	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
two	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
who	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
swindled	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
impact	O
has	O
been	O
negligible	O
.	O


Much	O
to	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
's	O
surprise	O
,	O
business	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
booming	O
.	O


Consignments	O
still	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
they	O
were	O
before	O
the	O
scandal	O
broke	O
.	O


Which	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
clearest	O
proof	O
yet	O
that	O
the	O
rich	O
are	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
us	O
.	O


$	B-MONEY
1.3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Aaron	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Good	O
evening	B-TIME
.	O


It	O
took	O
the	O
angry	O
voices	O
of	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
protesting	O
for	O
days	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
tonight	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
finally	O
admitted	O
he	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
the	O
President	O
of	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
he	O
said	O
he	O
had	O
just	O
received	O
that	O
information	O
.	O


It	O
followed	O
a	O
day	B-DATE
of	O
intense	O
behind	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
scenes	O
negotiation	O
to	O
decide	O
his	O
future	O
and	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


For	O
now	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
the	O
new	O
regime	O
of	O
President	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
is	O
not	O
insisting	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
leave	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Woodruff	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


In	O
a	O
surprise	O
live	O
speech	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
conceded	O
his	O
loss	O
and	O
congratulated	O
his	O
opponent	O
.	O


I	O
,	O
myself	O
,	O
am	O
relieved	O
by	O
the	O
enormous	O
responsibility	O
I	O
have	O
borne	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
whole	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
plan	O
to	O
rest	O
a	O
bit	O
and	O
spend	O
time	O
with	O
my	O
family	O
,	O
after	O
that	O
,	O
to	O
help	O
my	O
party	O
gain	O
force	O
and	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
streets	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
revolution	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
are	O
savoring	O
their	O
victory	O
,	O
swept	O
up	O
by	O
the	O
sudden	O
death	O
of	O
their	O
dictatorship	O
.	O


Belgrade	B-GPE
has	O
become	O
one	O
big	O
party	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
people	O
celebrated	O
,	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
reappeared	O
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
in	O
a	O
videotaped	O
meeting	O
.	O


Russia	B-GPE
's	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
had	O
come	O
to	O
tell	O
him	O
that	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
no	O
longer	O
are	O
behind	O
him	O
and	O
he	O
should	O
accept	O
defeat	O
.	O


Sources	O
say	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
was	O
defiant	O
,	O
promising	O
to	O
stay	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
and	O
in	O
politics	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
here	O
say	O
,	O
their	O
new	O
President	O
,	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
,	O
is	O
quickly	O
becoming	O
a	O
populist	O
leader	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
he	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
met	O
with	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
,	O
who	O
carried	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
's	O
endorsement	O
,	O
and	O
tonight	B-TIME
he	O
went	O
on	O
national	O
television	O
to	O
take	O
direct	O
questions	O
from	O
the	O
viewers	O
--	O
something	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
never	O
dared	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Disdain	O
for	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
seems	O
to	O
be	O
growing	O
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
uprising	O
was	O
targeted	O
mostly	O
at	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
crowds	O
focused	O
much	O
of	O
their	O
anger	O
on	O
anything	O
associated	O
with	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
local	O
party	O
headquarters	O
of	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
's	O
wife	O
.	O


As	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
,	O
every	O
window	O
is	O
broken	O
and	O
the	O
building	O
is	O
trashed	O
.	O


The	O
mob	O
also	O
singled	O
out	O
and	O
destroyed	O
the	O
store	O
owned	O
by	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
's	O
son	O
.	O


They	O
burned	O
the	O
TV	O
station	O
that	O
carried	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
's	O
words	O
and	O
beat	O
the	O
station	O
's	O
director	O
,	O
but	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
the	O
people	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
turning	O
away	O
from	O
anger	O
,	O
praying	O
instead	O
for	O
a	O
better	O
future	O
.	O


A	O
future	O
and	O
a	O
country	O
without	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
.	O


Bob	B-PERSON
Woodruff	I-PERSON
,	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
chief	O
prosecutor	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
War	I-ORG
Crimes	I-ORG
Tribunal	I-ORG
has	O
demanded	O
the	O
new	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
President	O
hand	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
over	O
to	O
face	O
trial	O
for	O
war	O
crimes	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
has	O
spent	O
enormous	O
amounts	O
of	O
time	O
and	O
energy	O
fighting	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
,	O
seems	O
more	O
willing	O
to	O
wait	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Here	O
's	O
our	O
national	O
security	O
correspondent	O
,	O
John	B-PERSON
M	I-PERSON
Wethy	I-PERSON
.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
is	O
still	O
offering	O
to	O
pay	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
information	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
arrest	O
and	O
conviction	O
of	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
for	O
war	O
crimes	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
ignore	O
the	O
actions	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
crimes	O
tribunal	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
support	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
no	O
longer	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
any	O
urgency	O
about	O
grabbing	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
important	O
thing	O
first	O
is	O
to	O
get	O
him	O
out	O
of	O
any	O
position	O
of	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
power	O
.	O


Senior	O
administration	O
officials	O
are	O
now	O
saying	O
privately	O
that	O
if	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
never	O
comes	O
to	O
trial	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
might	O
not	O
like	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
could	O
live	O
with	O
it	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
man	O
is	O
gone	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
President	O
of	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
,	O
has	O
made	O
it	O
clear	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
likely	O
to	O
turn	O
over	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
or	O
anyone	O
else	O
to	O
the	O
war	O
crimes	O
tribunal	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
the	O
tribunal	O
is	O
not	O
fair	O
and	O
is	O
manipulated	O
by	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
--	O
the	O
same	O
criticism	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
had	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
most	O
ways	O
,	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
and	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
have	O
starkly	O
different	O
views	O
.	O


On	O
freedom	O
of	O
the	O
press	O
,	O
rule	O
of	O
law	O
and	O
a	O
free	O
market	O
economy	O
,	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
opposed	O
them	O
all	O
.	O


Kostunica	B-PERSON
supports	O
them	O
.	O


His	O
great	O
advantage	O
above	O
all	O
else	O
is	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
corrupt	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
clean	O
.	O


He	O
seems	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
honorable	O
man	O
in	O
Serbian	B-NORP
politics	O
.	O


Like	O
most	O
Serbs	B-NORP
,	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
is	O
bitterly	O
critical	O
of	O
Nato	B-ORG
's	O
bombing	O
campaign	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
also	O
thinks	O
the	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
administration	O
and	O
especially	O
Madeleine	B-PERSON
Albright	I-PERSON
pursued	O
anti-Serbian	B-NORP
policies	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
in	O
many	O
respects	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
very	O
pro-American	B-NORP
.	O


To	O
help	O
him	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
is	O
moving	O
quickly	O
to	O
lift	O
economic	O
sanctions	O
and	O
is	O
exploring	O
ways	O
to	O
send	O
aid	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
now	O
has	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
troops	O
in	O
the	O
Balkans	B-LOC
,	O
at	O
a	O
cost	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
step	O
will	O
be	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
ways	O
to	O
cut	O
those	O
numbers	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
M	I-PERSON
Wethy	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


--	O
has	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
one	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
is	O
all	O
too	O
obvious	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
of	O
is	O
in	O
broadcast	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
the	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
administration	O
is	O
not	O
making	O
much	O
progress	O
getting	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
Israelis	B-NORP
to	O
lay	O
off	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
talk	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
is	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
after	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
working	O
the	O
problem	O
,	O
the	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
administration	O
and	O
the	O
highest	O
ranking	O
official	O
from	O
there	O
that	O
's	O
ever	O
been	O
here	O
have	O
had	O
discussions	O
,	O
described	O
to	O
us	O
as	O
direct	O
,	O
and	O
positive	O
and	O
warm	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
get	O
to	O
Korea	B-GPE
in	O
a	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
substantial	O
change	O
for	O
the	O
better	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
still	O
having	O
the	O
series	O
of	O
running	O
battles	O
to	O
confirm	O
each	O
other	O
's	O
worst	O
,	O
even	O
stereotype	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Gillian	B-PERSON
Finley	I-PERSON
begins	O
in	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
Gaza	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
opened	O
fire	O
on	O
school	O
boys	O
,	O
throwing	O
stones	O
.	O


A	O
12	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
is	O
in	O
critical	O
condition	O
.	O


In	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
,	O
troops	O
battled	O
older	O
students	O
in	O
what	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
daily	O
event	O
here	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
military	O
said	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
violence	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
,	O
and	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Barak	B-PERSON
held	O
open	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
the	O
harsh	O
action	O
he	O
has	O
been	O
threatening	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
needed	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
beginning	O
of	O
change	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
take	O
that	O
into	O
consideration	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
helps	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
need	O
relative	O
calm	O
to	O
work	O
out	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


Relative	O
calm	O
may	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
itself	O
,	O
tension	O
is	O
growing	O
,	O
particularly	O
at	O
night	B-TIME
.	O


In	O
many	O
cities	O
,	O
angry	O
crowds	O
roam	O
the	O
streets	O
,	O
Jews	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
looking	O
for	O
confrontation	O
.	O


Last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
in	O
Tel	B-GPE
Aviv	I-GPE
,	O
Jews	B-NORP
attacked	O
a	O
restaurant	O
that	O
employs	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


``	O
we	O
want	O
war	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
crowd	O
chanted	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
one	O
newspaper	O
headline	O
warned	O
of	O
civil	O
war	O
.	O


Israelis	B-NORP
have	O
so	O
often	O
felt	O
insulated	O
from	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
violence	O
.	O


The	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
13	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
have	O
changed	O
all	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


Gillian	B-PERSON
Findlay	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Still	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
signed	O
a	O
bill	O
today	B-DATE
granting	O
China	B-GPE
permanent	O
normal	O
trade	O
relations	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
end	O
the	O
annual	O
review	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
trade	O
status	O
and	O
lower	O
tariffs	O
on	O
Chinese	B-NORP
imports	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
return	O
,	O
has	O
agreed	O
to	O
open	O
its	O
market	O
wider	O
to	O
goods	O
from	O
the	O
U.S	B-GPE
.	O


You	O
have	O
a	O
child	O
in	O
the	O
service	O
and	O
the	O
waiting	O
is	O
hell	O
.	O


It	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
bodies	O
,	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
are	O
confirmed	O
dead	O
10	B-CARDINAL
presumed	O
dead	O
.	O


Arrived	O
at	O
that	O
very	O
familiar	O
stopover	O
air	O
base	O
at	O
Ramstein	B-FAC
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
on	O
their	O
way	O
home	O
.	O


From	O
Ramstein	B-FAC
,	O
the	O
bodies	O
will	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
's	O
home	O
port	O
,	O
Norfolk	B-GPE
,	O
Virginia	B-GPE
,	O
just	O
as	O
Fleet	B-EVENT
Week	I-EVENT
is	O
beginning	O
to	O
celebrate	O
the	O
anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
Navy	B-ORG
.	O


Celebration	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
commemoration	O
.	O


In	O
Yemen	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
,	O
where	O
the	O
ship	O
was	O
attacked	O
,	O
the	O
deliberate	O
,	O
well	O
-	O
organized	O
familiar	O
effort	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
who	O
did	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
how	O
it	O
happened	O
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Morton	B-PERSON
Dean	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Aden	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
damaged	O
ship	O
,	O
the	O
huge	O
hole	O
in	O
its	O
side	O
now	O
covered	O
by	O
canvas	O
,	O
sat	O
in	O
calm	O
seas	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Unseen	O
from	O
land	O
was	O
a	O
frenzy	O
of	O
activity	O
,	O
including	O
divers	O
searching	O
for	O
bodies	O
and	O
searching	O
for	O
clues	O
--	O


Its	O
might	O
rivaled	O
the	O
explosion	O
that	O
blew	O
apart	O
the	O
federal	O
office	O
acknowledge	O
in	O
Oklahoma	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


Only	O
such	O
a	O
potent	O
force	O
,	O
they	O
theorize	O
,	O
could	O
have	O
ripped	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
's	O
''	O
steel	O
hull	O
,	O
collapsed	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
ship	O
's	O
interior	O
sections	O
,	O
and	O
destroyed	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
vital	O
communications	O
.	O


Investigators	O
are	O
heading	O
into	O
this	O
steamy	O
port	O
city	O
to	O
begin	O
analyzing	O
the	O
theories	O
while	O
assembling	O
the	O
facts	O
.	O


A	O
U.S.	B-GPE
official	O
here	O
praised	O
the	O
Yemen	B-GPE
government	O
,	O
saying	O
it	O
was	O
doing	O
its	O
part	O
.	O


The	O
Yemenis	B-NORP
have	O
been	O
very	O
cooperative	O
in	O
providing	O
additional	O
security	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
the	O
harbour	O
,	O
on	O
land	O
and	O
to	O
our	O
people	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
anti-U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
anti-Israel	B-GPE
demonstrations	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
despite	O
efforts	O
to	O
establish	O
more	O
friendly	O
ties	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
major	O
factor	O
in	O
the	O
improved	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
Yemen	B-GPE
involves	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Yemen	B-GPE
agreed	O
that	O
when	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
intercepted	O
ships	O
suspected	O
of	O
violating	O
the	O
trade	O
embargo	O
against	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
ships	O
could	O
be	O
brought	O
into	O
port	O
here	O
.	O


The	O
Navy	B-ORG
said	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
bodies	O
recovered	O
so	O
far	O
are	O
on	O
their	O
way	O
home	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
injured	O
have	O
now	O
been	O
transferred	O
elsewhere	O
for	O
further	O
medical	O
care	O
.	O


Morton	B-PERSON
Dean	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
explosion	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
did	O
not	O
help	O
an	O
already	O
tense	O
situation	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
the	O
very	O
slightest	O
hope	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
because	O
there	O
's	O
word	O
of	O
a	O
possible	O
Israeli	B-NORP
/	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
summit	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
several	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
on	O
his	O
way	O
to	O
Egypt	B-GPE
to	O
attend	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
's	O
emergency	O
summit	O
.	O


Tensions	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
remain	O
very	O
high	O
after	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
violence	O
and	O
the	O
immediate	O
goal	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
is	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
killing	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
investigation	O
into	O
the	O
bombing	O
that	O
killed	O
17	B-CARDINAL
U.S.	O
sailors	O
continues	O
as	O
33	B-CARDINAL
injured	O
sailors	O
returned	O
home	O
today	B-DATE
to	O
Norfolk	B-GPE
,	O
Virginia	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
'll	O
begin	O
with	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


There	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
break	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


Morton	B-PERSON
Dean	I-PERSON
reports	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
investigation	O
into	O
the	O
attack	O
which	O
crippled	O
the	O
ship	O
took	O
a	O
positive	O
turn	O
when	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
investigators	O
discovered	O
bomb	O
making	O
equipment	O
in	O
a	O
house	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
port	O
where	O
the	O
ship	O
is	O
anchored	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
who	O
briefly	O
lived	O
in	O
the	O
house	O
are	O
reportedly	O
missing	O
.	O


Yemeni	B-NORP
authorities	O
say	O
the	O
men	O
,	O
not	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
Yemenis	B-NORP
,	O
are	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
attack	O
.	O


Eyewitnesses	O
say	O
the	O
attack	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
on	O
a	O
suicide	O
mission	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
sources	O
confirm	O
key	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
report	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
but	O
Ambassador	O
Barbara	B-PERSON
Bodine	I-PERSON
would	O
only	O
say	O
the	O
investigation	O
is	O
progressing	O
.	O


Throughout	O
this	O
investigation	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
making	O
significant	O
progress	O
day	O
to	O
day	O
and	O
certainly	O
from	O
yesterday	B-DATE
to	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
quantum	O
leap	O
.	O


How	O
destructive	O
the	O
bomb	O
was	O
became	O
even	O
more	O
painfully	O
apparent	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Six	B-CARDINAL
more	O
bodies	O
have	O
been	O
recovered	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
been	O
trapped	O
in	O
a	O
tangled	O
mass	O
of	O
steel	O
above	O
and	O
below	O
the	O
water	O
line	O
.	O


Six	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
are	O
still	O
missing	O
.	O


The	O
horror	O
and	O
the	O
heroics	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
,	O
''	O
when	O
the	O
massive	O
bomb	O
ripped	O
through	O
the	O
ship	O
,	O
were	O
relived	O
this	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
by	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
crew	O
,	O
Lieutenant	O
Ann	B-PERSON
Chamberlain	I-PERSON
.	O


I	O
just	O
felt	O
a	O
large	O
--	O
not	O
so	O
much	O
a	O
bang	O
,	O
but	O
,	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
from	O
where	O
I	O
was	O
,	O
it	O
seemed	O
like	O
something	O
had	O
rammed	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O


Now	O
that	O
investigators	O
have	O
had	O
their	O
first	B-ORDINAL
major	O
break	O
,	O
the	O
confidence	O
level	O
here	O
has	O
risen	O
,	O
but	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
still	O
warn	O
a	O
long	O
investigation	O
lies	O
ahead	O
.	O


Morton	B-PERSON
Dean	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
will	O
have	O
live	O
coverage	O
of	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
's	O
memorial	O
service	O
for	O
the	O
sailors	O
who	O
died	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
,	O
''	O
Eastern	O
time	O
.	O


Once	O
again	O
there	O
'll	O
be	O
two	B-CARDINAL
presidential	O
candidates	O
missing	O
from	O
the	O
debate	O
.	O


Pat	B-PERSON
Buchanan	I-PERSON
hardly	O
registers	O
on	O
the	O
political	O
radar	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
Ralph	B-PERSON
Nader	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
may	O
make	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
a	O
Gore	B-PERSON
or	O
Bush	B-PERSON
win	O
in	O
several	O
places	O
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Linda	B-PERSON
Douglas	I-PERSON
was	O
with	O
his	O
campaign	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
.	O


Ralph	B-PERSON
Nader	I-PERSON
says	O
his	O
campaign	O
is	O
starting	O
to	O
take	O
off	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
feel	O
momentum	O
from	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
?	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
pretty	O
big	O
.	O


7777	O


At	O
a	O
Nader	B-PERSON
rally	O
in	O
Madison	B-FAC
Square	I-FAC
Garden	I-FAC
,	O
15,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
joined	O
actors	O
Tim	B-PERSON
Robbins	I-PERSON
,	O
Susan	B-PERSON
Sarandon	I-PERSON
and	O
other	O
stars	O
to	O
hear	O
his	O
message	O
--	O
that	O
average	O
Americans	B-NORP
are	O
powerless	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
lost	O
control	O
of	O
their	O
government	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
lost	O
control	O
of	O
their	O
workplace	O
.	O


Nader	B-PERSON
condemns	O
corporations	O
,	O
drug	O
companies	O
,	O
pesticide	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
banks	O
,	O
landlords	O
,	O
the	O
media	O
.	O


His	O
supporters	O
say	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
no	O
chance	O
to	O
become	O
President	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
my	O
vote	O
as	O
a	O
statement	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
compromise	O
.	O


Nader	B-PERSON
says	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
and	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
are	O
essentially	O
corrupt	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
Gore	B-PERSON
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
corporate	O
power	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
velocity	O
with	O
which	O
their	O
knees	O
hit	O
the	O
floor	O
when	O
corporations	O
knock	O
on	O
their	O
doors	O
.	O


Applause	O


In	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
when	O
most	O
candidates	O
are	O
afraid	O
of	O
appearing	O
negative	O
,	O
Ralph	B-PERSON
Nader	I-PERSON
attacks	O
his	O
rivals	O
with	O
gusto	O
.	O


George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
is	O
really	O
a	O
big	O
corporation	O
running	O
for	O
President	O
disguised	O
as	O
a	O
human	O
being	O
.	O


But	O
Nader	B-PERSON
is	O
most	O
critical	O
of	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
,	O
often	O
when	O
speaking	O
to	O
Democrats	B-NORP
.	O


He	O
has	O
betrayed	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
lied	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
deceived	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
dissembled	O
.	O


Democrats	B-NORP
fear	O
Nader	B-PERSON
may	O
make	O
a	O
difference	O
in	O
some	O
key	O
states	O
,	O
like	O
Washington	B-GPE
and	O
Wisconsin	B-GPE
,	O
luring	O
voters	O
away	O
from	O
Gore	B-PERSON
and	O
handing	O
the	O
election	O
to	O
Bush	B-PERSON
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
are	O
going	O
to	O
blame	O
you	O
if	O
Gore	B-PERSON
loses	O
.	O


They	O
ought	O
to	O
blame	O
themselves	O
.	O


Who	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
win	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
very	O
close	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
care	O
?	O


No	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
campaign	O
is	O
really	O
about	O
the	O
next	O
election	O
,	O
about	O
building	O
a	O
serious	O
third	B-ORDINAL
party	O
and	O
qualifying	O
for	O
federal	O
campaign	O
money	O
.	O


Thanks	O
for	O
running	O
.	O


Thanks	O
for	O
voting	O
.	O


Nader	B-PERSON
is	O
never	O
happier	O
than	O
when	O
he	O
is	O
taking	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
.	O


Linda	B-PERSON
Douglass	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Piscataway	B-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
.	O


And	O
now	O
making	O
hockey	O
history	O
--	O


the	O
record	O
for	O
most	O
victories	O
by	O
a	O
goaltender	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Hockey	I-ORG
League	I-ORG
has	O
been	O
held	O
by	O
Terry	B-PERSON
Sawchuck	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Detroit	I-ORG
Red	I-ORG
Wings	I-ORG
since	B-DATE
1961	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
now	O
comes	O
Patrick	B-PERSON
Roy	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Colorado	I-ORG
Avalanche	I-ORG
.	O


Here	O
's	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Brian	B-PERSON
Rooney	I-PERSON
.	O


In	O
16	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
with	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Hockey	I-ORG
League	I-ORG
,	O
Patrick	B-PERSON
Roy	I-PERSON
has	O
stopped	O
the	O
other	O
team	O
from	O
scoring	O
21,000	B-CARDINAL
times	O
,	O
frequently	O
doing	O
the	O
impossible	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
believe	O
that	O
?	O


Highway	O
robbery	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
amazing	O
thing	O
is	O
,	O
he	O
almost	O
never	O
sees	O
the	O
puck	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
the	O
puck	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
especially	O
when	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
fast	O
or	O
at	O
close	O
range	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
more	O
anticipating	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
follows	O
the	O
action	O
with	O
his	O
eyes	O
,	O
and	O
just	O
knows	O
where	O
the	O
puck	O
will	O
go	O
.	O


He	O
plays	O
what	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
butterfly	O
style	O
,	O
splitting	O
his	O
legs	O
,	O
often	O
playing	O
from	O
his	O
knees	O
,	O
filling	O
the	O
net	O
with	O
his	O
6	B-QUANTITY
'	I-QUANTITY
1	I-QUANTITY
''	I-QUANTITY
body	O
.	O


90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
coming	O
down	O
on	O
Patrick	B-PERSON
,	O
all	O
you	O
see	O
is	O
his	O
big	O
jersey	O
and	O
the	O
equipment	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
net	O
,	O
so	O
there	O
's	O
room	O
to	O
shoot	O
.	O


Roy	B-PERSON
has	O
his	O
quirks	O
.	O


He	O
talks	O
to	O
the	O
goalposts	O
and	O
refuses	O
to	O
step	O
on	O
the	O
red	O
and	O
blue	O
lines	O
.	O


He	O
writes	O
the	O
names	O
of	O
his	O
three	B-CARDINAL
children	O
on	O
his	O
stick	O
before	O
every	O
game	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
says	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
thing	O
is	O
not	O
superstition	O
,	O
not	O
even	O
talent	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
passion	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
love	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
doing	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
a	O
passionate	O
person	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
that	O
will	O
make	O
the	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
breaks	O
the	O
record	O
for	O
most	O
wins	O
,	O
Patrick	B-PERSON
Roy	I-PERSON
will	O
replace	O
Detroit	B-ORG
's	O
late	O
Terry	B-PERSON
Sawchuk	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
record	O
books	O
.	O


From	O
George	B-PERSON
Vezina	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
to	O
Gump	B-PERSON
Worsely	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
had	O
a	O
face	O
stitched	O
like	O
a	O
quilt	O
,	O
and	O
Roy	B-PERSON
's	O
hero	O
,	O
Rogie	B-PERSON
Vachon	I-PERSON
,	O
pioneer	O
of	O
an	O
aggressive	O
style	O
,	O
the	O
goalie	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
loner	O
of	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
rink	O
.	O


They	O
used	O
to	O
play	O
without	O
a	O
mask	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
the	O
game	O
is	O
faster	O
and	O
the	O
puck	O
flies	O
at	O
100	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
an	O
hour	O
.	O


Years	B-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
goaltenders	O
were	O
kind	O
of	O
the	O
guys	O
that	O
could	O
n't	O
play	O
defense	O
,	O
could	O
n't	O
play	O
forward	O
,	O
maybe	O
were	O
n't	O
good	O
skaters	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
put	O
them	O
in	O
net	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
're	O
as	O
good	O
an	O
athlete	O
as	O
any	O
other	O
player	O
on	O
the	O
team	O
.	O


And	O
Patrick	B-PERSON
Roy	I-PERSON
has	O
established	O
a	O
standard	O
that	O
the	O
goalie	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
athlete	O
on	O
a	O
par	O
with	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
any	O
sport	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
won	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Stanley	I-WORK_OF_ART
Cup	I-WORK_OF_ART
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
wanted	O
to	O
survive	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
wanted	O
to	O
break	O
that	O
league	O
and	O
survive	O
in	O
it	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
I	O
could	O
,	O
and	O
being	O
in	O
that	O
position	O
today	B-DATE
is	O
something	O
big	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


He	O
loves	O
to	O
play	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
just	O
another	O
thing	O
that	O
might	O
make	O
him	O
the	O
greatest	O
goalie	O
the	O
game	O
has	O
ever	O
had	O
.	O


Brian	B-PERSON
Rooney	I-PERSON
,	O
C	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Denver	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
Yemen	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
,	O
Navy	B-ORG
divers	O
cut	O
through	O
the	O
deck	O
of	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
``	I-WORK_OF_ART
USS	I-WORK_OF_ART
Cole	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	O
remove	O
the	O
last	O
four	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
who	O
died	O
in	O
the	O
attack	O
.	O


Their	O
bodies	O
will	O
head	O
home	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


On	O
Capitol	B-LOC
Hill	I-LOC
today	B-DATE
,	O
senators	O
were	O
asking	O
the	O
general	O
who	O
sent	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
``	I-WORK_OF_ART
USS	I-WORK_OF_ART
Cole	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
into	O
the	O
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
why	O
he	O
made	O
that	O
decision	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
John	B-PERSON
M	I-PERSON
Wethy	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
man	O
who	O
opened	O
the	O
door	O
for	O
American	B-NORP
warships	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
made	O
no	O
apologies	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
refueling	O
of	O
that	O
ship	O
in	O
Aden	B-GPE
was	O
my	O
decision	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
clear	O
.	O


I	O
pass	O
that	O
buck	O
on	O
to	O
nobody	O
.	O


The	O
one	B-CARDINAL
question	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
keep	O
hearing	O
,	O
Why	O
Yemen	B-GPE
?	O


The	O
threat	O
conditions	O
in	O
Aden	B-GPE
the	O
specific	O
threat	O
conditions	O
,	O
were	O
actually	O
better	O
than	O
we	O
had	O
elsewhere	O
.	O


General	O
Zinni	B-PERSON
said	O
all	O
her	O
ports	O
,	O
from	O
the	B-LOC
Suez	I-LOC
Canal	I-LOC
to	O
the	B-LOC
Persian	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
,	O
had	O
their	O
own	O
problems	O
,	O
either	O
credible	O
terrorists	O
threats	O
,	O
unstable	O
governments	O
,	O
or	O
harbors	O
jammed	O
with	O
small	O
boats	O
,	O
plus	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
Yemen	B-GPE
wanted	O
better	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
had	O
begun	O
taking	O
steps	O
to	O
control	O
local	O
terrorist	O
activity	O
,	O
but	O
improved	O
relations	O
,	O
Zinni	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
did	O
not	O
blind	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
to	O
the	O
risks	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
anyone	O
to	O
think	O
we	O
ever	O
in	O
any	O
instance	O
,	O
anywhere	O
,	O
ever	O
took	O
a	O
risk	O
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
a	O
better	O
relationship	O
with	O
a	O
country	O
and	O
put	O
a	O
soldier	O
,	O
sailor	O
,	O
airman	O
or	O
marine	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
that	O
reason	O
.	O


Absolutely	O
not	O
.	O


Some	O
Republican	B-NORP
senators	O
wondered	O
why	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
and	O
other	O
ships	O
were	O
not	O
routinely	O
taking	O
the	O
far	O
safer	O
approach	O
of	O
refueling	O
at	O
sea	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
'm	O
hearing	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
enough	O
tankers	O
to	O
be	O
sure	O
that	O
we	O
could	O
do	O
that	O
.	O
''	O


That	O
's	O
my	O
sense	O
,	O
Senator	O
.	O


The	O
general	O
had	O
one	B-CARDINAL
more	O
troubling	O
message	O
.	O


Terrorists	O
are	O
getting	O
smarter	O
,	O
using	O
nastier	O
weapons	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
willing	O
to	O
die	O
in	O
their	O
attacks	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
virtually	O
impossible	O
to	O
stop	O
them	O
all	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
M	I-PERSON
Wethy	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
animals	O
,	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
genetically	O
engineered	O
animals	O
,	O
the	O
law	O
's	O
having	O
an	O
even	O
tougher	O
time	O
keeping	O
pace	O
with	O
science	O
.	O


A	O
U.S.	B-GPE
company	O
is	O
seeking	O
government	O
permission	O
to	O
bring	O
genetically	O
altered	O
fish	O
to	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
kitchens	O
.	O


Kevin	B-PERSON
Newman	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
a	O
Canadian	B-NORP
province	O
.	O


For	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
they	O
've	O
told	O
stories	O
,	O
fishermen	O
on	O
this	O
Canadian	B-NORP
island	O
province	O
have	O
shared	O
tales	O
of	O
their	O
catch	O
.	O


Lobster	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
not	O
too	O
long	O
ago	O
,	O
another	O
delicacy	O
--	O
salmon	O
.	O


Oh	O
,	O
yeah	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
to	O
get	O
salmon	O
in	O
the	O
spring	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
it	O
anymore	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
they	O
are	O
pretty	O
well	O
wiped	O
out	O
.	O


But	O
only	O
two	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
away	O
,	O
Atlantic	B-LOC
salmon	O
are	O
thriving	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
an	O
understatement	O
.	O


These	O
experimental	O
salmon	O
are	O
on	O
the	O
cutting	O
edge	O
of	O
the	O
debate	O
over	O
genetically	O
engineered	O
food	O
because	O
a	O
company	O
has	O
found	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
bigger	O
one	O
use	O
growth	O
hormone	O
more	O
efficiently	O
.	O


It	O
reaches	O
full	O
size	O
faster	O
.	O


How	O
old	O
is	O
this	O
fish	O
?	O


You	O
're	O
looking	O
at	O
2	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
/	I-DATE
2	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


How	O
old	O
is	O
this	O
fish	O
?	O


Same	O
age	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
up	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Food	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Drug	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
to	O
decide	O
if	O
these	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
genetically	O
engineered	O
beings	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
to	O
your	O
dinner	O
table	O
.	O


But	O
is	O
that	O
agency	O
also	O
capable	O
of	O
judging	O
what	O
impact	O
it	O
may	O
have	O
on	O
other	O
species	O
?	O


Senior	O
government	O
wildlife	O
experts	O
have	O
their	O
doubts	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
asking	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
FDA	B-ORG
than	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
asked	O
to	O
turn	O
it	O
into	O
a	O
wildlife	O
agency	O
.	O


The	O
FDA	B-ORG
says	O
it	O
has	O
hired	O
experts	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
but	O
unlike	O
wildlife	O
agencies	O
,	O
the	O
FDA	B-ORG
keeps	O
its	O
research	O
and	O
evaluations	O
secret	O
from	O
the	O
public	O
.	O


Laws	O
do	O
stipulate	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
certain	O
types	O
of	O
material	O
that	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
hold	O
in	O
confidence	O
.	O


Which	O
worries	O
some	O
who	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
important	O
people	O
know	O
if	O
creating	O
supersalmon	O
to	O
feed	O
human	O
appetites	O
could	O
threaten	O
normal	O
salmon	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
shown	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
tremendous	O
potential	O
to	O
upset	O
the	O
balance	O
of	O
nature	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
producing	O
the	O
supersalmon	O
says	O
it	O
can	O
solve	O
that	O
problem	O
by	O
engineering	O
fish	O
that	O
never	O
mate	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
balance	O
of	O
nature	O
grows	O
more	O
complicated	O
and	O
controversial	O
,	O
the	O
deeper	O
man	O
explores	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
creation	O
.	O


Kevin	B-PERSON
Newman	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Souris	B-GPE
,	O
Prince	B-GPE
Edward	I-GPE
Island	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
is	O
being	O
reassessed	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Barry	B-GPE
Serafin	I-GPE
is	O
in	O
our	O
Washington	B-GPE
Bureau	O
.	O


I	O
gather	O
the	O
thing	O
that	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
is	O
looking	O
at	O
is	O
the	O
actual	O
timing	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
led	O
to	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
attack	O
occurred	O
just	O
as	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
was	O
tying	O
up	O
.	O


Not	O
true	O
,	O
apparently	O
?	O


Not	O
true	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
new	O
information	O
now	O
released	O
by	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
,	O
Peter	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
Navy	B-ORG
now	O
says	O
the	O
ship	O
was	O
actually	O
moored	O
nearly	B-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
before	I-TIME
the	O
explosion	O
took	O
place	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
being	O
refueled	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
blast	O
.	O


the	O
theory	O
was	O
that	O
RTJ	O
C	O
World	O
News	O
/	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Jennings	I-PERSON
ABC	B-ORG
%	O
RTJ	O
!	O
had	O
slipped	O
in	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
mooring	O
operation	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
not	O
true	O
.	O


The	O
ship	O
was	O
tied	O
up	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
very	O
vulnerable	O
position	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
being	O
refueled	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
now	O
says	O
that	O
hands	O
on	O
deck	O
who	O
were	O
manning	O
machine	O
guns	O
,	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
alert	O
,	O
still	O
believed	O
they	O
had	O
seen	O
this	O
small	O
boat	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
mooring	O
operation	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
apparently	O
why	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
suspicious	O
.	O


Let	O
me	O
understand	O
the	O
last	O
point	O
again	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
mooring	O
operation	O
,	O
does	O
it	O
mean	O
it	O
was	O
lost	O
in	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
boats	O
or	O
operating	O
clear	O
to	O
sea	O
?	O


This	O
was	O
a	O
small	O
boat	O
that	O
at	O
that	O
point	O
,	O
Peter	B-PERSON
,	O
should	O
not	O
have	O
been	O
approaching	O
this	O
ship	O
,	O
but	O
apparently	O
the	O
hands	O
on	O
deck	O
who	O
were	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
maintaining	O
security	O
,	O
believed	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
small	O
boat	O
they	O
had	O
seen	O
earlier	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
mooring	O
operation	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
did	O
not	O
view	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
suspicious	O
boat	O
.	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


It	O
often	O
happens	O
in	O
a	O
case	O
like	O
this	O
,	O
as	O
time	O
goes	O
on	O
,	O
the	O
assessment	O
changes	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
bodies	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
four	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
recovered	O
from	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
were	O
sent	O
home	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
were	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
blast	O
.	O


At	O
Arlington	B-FAC
National	I-FAC
Cemetery	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
the	O
funerals	O
.	O


Cheron	B-PERSON
Gunn	I-PERSON
from	O
Rex	B-GPE
,	O
Georgia	B-GPE
was	O
buried	O
next	O
to	O
his	O
ship	O
mate	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Costello	I-PERSON
of	O
Morrisville	B-GPE
,	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
.	O


Former	O
Iranian	B-NORP
hostage	O
Terry	B-PERSON
Anderson	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
families	O
of	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
other	O
former	O
hostages	O
will	O
soon	O
begin	O
receiving	O
compensation	O
for	O
their	O
suffering	O
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Sciutto	I-PERSON
has	O
the	O
story	O
.	O


His	O
death	O
at	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
Iranian	B-NORP
-	O
backed	O
militants	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
powerful	O
images	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Lebanese	I-EVENT
civil	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
.	O


Now	O
after	O
11	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
a	O
long	O
legal	O
battle	O
,	O
Colonel	O
William	B-PERSON
Higgins	I-PERSON
'	O
widow	O
will	O
soon	O
receive	O
$	B-MONEY
55	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
damages	O
from	O
Iran	B-GPE
.	O


If	O
this	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
way	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
send	O
the	O
signal	O
that	O
terrorists	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
held	O
accountable	O
for	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
this	O
is	O
about	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
about	O
justice	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
about	O
punishment	O
.	O


Terry	B-PERSON
Anderson	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
spent	O
nearly	B-DATE
seven	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
as	O
a	O
hostage	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
,	O
will	O
get	O
$	B-MONEY
41	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


And	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
Cicippio	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
spent	O
coder	O
,	O
the	O
service	O
is	O
free	O
.	O


Five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
there	O
,	O
$	B-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
victims	O
of	O
terrorism	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
sue	O
foreign	O
governments	O
since	B-DATE
1996	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
under	O
legislation	O
passed	O
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
many	O
victims	O
will	O
actually	O
get	O
their	O
money	O
.	O


The	O
money	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
at	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
treasury	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
expects	O
to	O
get	O
it	O
back	O
from	O
frozen	O
Iranian	B-NORP
assets	O
held	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
.	O


It	O
sends	O
a	O
message	O
to	O
terrorist	O
states	O
like	O
Iran	B-GPE
or	O
Cuba	B-GPE
.	O


You	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
away	O
with	O
this	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
pay	O
a	O
price	O
.	O


The	O
bill	O
is	O
now	O
on	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
desk	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
expected	O
to	O
sign	O
it	O
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
Sciutto	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
government	O
said	O
today	B-DATE
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
cut	O
back	O
on	O
the	O
enormous	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
descended	O
on	O
Yemen	B-GPE
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


So	O
many	O
people	O
from	O
several	O
agencies	O
wanting	O
to	O
participate	O
that	O
the	O
Yemenis	B-NORP
are	O
feeling	O
somewhat	O
overwhelmed	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
country	O
.	O


Investigators	O
have	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
another	O
theory	O
on	O
how	O
the	O
terrorists	O
operated	O
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
's	O
John	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
on	O
the	O
house	O
with	O
a	O
view	O
.	O


High	O
on	O
a	O
hillside	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
run	O
-	O
down	O
section	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
house	O
with	O
the	O
blue	O
door	O
has	O
a	O
perfect	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
harbor	O
.	O


American	B-NORP
and	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
investigators	O
believe	O
that	O
view	O
is	O
what	O
convinced	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
used	O
the	O
name	O
Abdullah	B-PERSON
to	O
rent	O
the	O
house	O
several	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
before	I-DATE
the	O
bombing	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


Early	O
on	O
investigators	O
theorized	O
it	O
was	O
an	O
inside	O
job	O
and	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
focus	O
was	O
on	O
employees	O
of	O
the	O
Mansoon	B-ORG
shipping	O
company	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
under	O
contract	O
by	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
to	O
refuel	O
U.S.	B-GPE
warships	O
and	O
would	O
have	O
had	O
advance	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
's	O
''	O
arrival	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
believes	O
all	O
the	O
terrorists	O
needed	O
to	O
do	O
was	O
look	O
out	O
the	O
window	O
,	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
precisely	O
the	O
same	O
drill	O
,	O
well	O
before	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
arrived	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
in	O
this	O
house	O
would	O
have	O
had	O
plenty	O
of	O
time	O
to	O
signal	O
two	B-CARDINAL
bombers	O
waiting	O
with	O
the	O
boat	O
across	O
the	O
bay	O
.	O


Investigators	O
say	O
clues	O
collected	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
have	O
already	O
pointed	O
them	O
to	O
locations	O
both	O
near	O
and	O
far	O
outside	O
the	O
port	O
city	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
say	O
there	O
's	O
any	O
indication	O
that	O
the	O
plot	O
here	O
goes	O
beyond	O
Yemen	B-GPE
's	O
boarders	O
.	O


Learning	O
the	O
true	O
identities	O
of	O
those	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
bombing	O
would	O
help	O
answer	O
that	O
question	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
suicide	O
bombers	O
died	O
in	O
the	O
attack	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
explosion	O
,	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
lived	O
behind	O
the	O
blue	O
door	O
simply	O
vanished	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Aden	B-GPE
.	O


Now	O
Mr.	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
was	O
campaigning	O
in	O
his	O
home	O
state	O
of	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
.	O


Tennessee	B-GPE
is	O
not	O
giving	O
its	O
favorite	O
son	O
a	O
free	O
ride	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Wooten	I-PERSON
.	O


Not	O
a	O
bad	O
place	O
to	O
be	O
from	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
a	O
bad	O
place	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
to	O
.	O


7777	O


And	O
although	O
he	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
here	O
in	O
2	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
/	I-DATE
2	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
's	O
here	O
today	B-DATE
--	O


It	O
's	O
great	O
to	O
be	O
home	O
in	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
.	O


Back	O
where	O
he	O
's	O
run	O
and	O
won	O
14	B-CARDINAL
times	O
in	O
24	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
where	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
he	O
's	O
dead	O
even	O
or	O
maybe	O
even	O
trailing	O
Governor	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
n't	O
in	O
trouble	O
at	O
home	O
,	O
and	O
who	O
just	O
happened	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
too	O
,	O
asking	O
his	O
favorite	O
sarcastic	O
question	O
--	O
``	O
where	O
exactly	O
is	O
home	O
for	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
?	O
''	O


He	O
may	O
win	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
D.C.	I-GPE
,	O
but	O
he	O
is	O
n't	O
going	O
to	O
carry	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
!	O


That	O
has	O
considerable	O
resonance	O
here	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
been	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
too	O
long	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
people	O
consider	O
him	O
a	O
Tennessean	B-NORP
anymore	O
.	O


Gerald	B-PERSON
Wiser	I-PERSON
voted	O
for	O
Bush	B-PERSON
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


This	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
a	O
few	O
states	O
with	O
early	O
voting	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
people	O
running	O
for	O
President	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
did	O
the	O
Wrights	B-PERSON
,	O
Michael	B-PERSON
and	O
Carolyn	B-PERSON
,	O
Independents	B-NORP
,	O
but	O
not	O
undecided	O
.	O


The	O
biggest	O
negative	O
for	O
Gore	B-PERSON
is	O
his	O
association	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
baggage	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
prophet	O
without	O
honor	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
land	O
or	O
even	O
here	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
hometown	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
that	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
genuine	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
party	O
state	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
,	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
although	O
Gore	B-PERSON
has	O
never	O
lost	O
an	O
election	O
here	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
never	O
had	O
a	O
landslide	O
either	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
little	O
by	O
little	O
,	O
his	O
once	O
-	O
comfortable	O
ad	O
has	O
been	O
whittled	O
down	O
.	O


His	O
state	O
campaign	O
director	O
insists	O
,	O
``	O
we	O
expected	O
that	O
.	O
''	O


You	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
governor	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Republican	B-NORP
senators	O
,	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
membership	O
of	O
Congress	B-ORG
are	O
Republicans	B-NORP
.	O


They	O
'd	O
like	O
nothing	O
better	O
than	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
embarrass	O
him	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
home	O
state	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
's	O
most	O
illustrious	O
modern	O
political	O
family	O
is	O
having	O
to	O
work	O
mighty	O
hard	O
at	O
home	O
now	O
and	O
spend	O
at	B-MONEY
least	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
on	O
local	O
TV	O
ads	O
something	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
plan	O
on	O
.	O


Can	O
you	O
come	O
out	O
and	O
work	O
hard	O
for	O
him	O
one	B-CARDINAL
more	O
time	O
?	O


The	O
importance	O
of	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
to	O
my	O
family	O
goes	O
way	O
beyond	O
its	O
11	B-CARDINAL
electoral	O
votes	O
.	O


Sure	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
pride	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
a	O
race	O
this	O
narrow	O
,	O
11	B-CARDINAL
electoral	O
votes	O
ai	O
n't	O
hay	O
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
Wooten	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Nashville	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
Africa	B-LOC
,	O
the	O
capital	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Ivory	I-GPE
Coast	I-GPE
is	O
being	O
torn	O
apart	O
.	O


Massive	O
demonstrations	O
drove	O
the	O
military	O
from	O
power	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
opposition	O
leaders	O
are	O
fighting	O
to	O
fill	O
the	O
void	O
.	O


Christian	B-NORP
and	O
Muslim	B-NORP
mobs	O
are	O
fighting	O
it	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
streets	O
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
60	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
in	O
only	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Well	O
,	O
big	O
news	O
in	O
the	O
money	O
scope	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Across	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
lining	O
up	O
jostling	O
,	O
even	O
scuffling	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
wanted	O
toy	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
went	O
on	O
sale	O
at	O
midnight	B-TIME
.	O


The	O
Sony	B-ORG
PlayStation	B-PRODUCT
plays	O
video	O
games	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
latest	O
in	O
a	O
line	O
of	O
ever	O
improving	O
game	O
machines	O
that	O
began	O
with	O
the	O
Atari	B-PRODUCT
,	O
some	O
of	O
us	O
remember	O
,	O
so	B-DATE
many	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
toy	O
with	O
greater	O
ambitions	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Brian	B-PERSON
Rooney	I-PERSON
.	O


The	B-ORG
Sony	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
hopes	O
those	O
people	O
who	O
waited	O
in	O
line	O
are	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
will	O
lead	O
Sony	B-ORG
into	O
domination	O
of	O
all	O
home	O
entertainment	O
.	O


The	O
game	O
is	O
worth	O
waiting	O
for	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
entertainment	O
system	O
of	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


PlayStation	B-PRODUCT
2	I-PRODUCT
offers	O
what	O
fans	O
believe	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
realistic	O
animation	O
in	O
home	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
car	O
racing	O
that	O
makes	O
you	O
feel	O
``	O
G	O
''	O
forces	O
,	O
fighting	O
games	O
with	O
punch	O
,	O
sports	O
games	O
,	O
the	O
runners	O
even	O
congratulate	O
each	O
other	O
after	O
the	O
race	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
Sony	B-ORG
is	O
offering	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
already	O
have	O
sold	O
,	O
half	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
sets	O
of	O
PlayStation	B-PRODUCT
2	I-PRODUCT
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


PlayStation	B-PRODUCT
2	I-PRODUCT
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
60	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
will	O
generate	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
retail	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
all	O
.	O


Sony	B-ORG
has	O
given	O
PlayStation	B-PRODUCT
2	I-PRODUCT
a	O
digital	O
video	O
disk	O
player	O
and	O
a	O
hookup	O
ready	O
for	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
the	O
cousin	O
installs	O
broadband	O
cable	O
internet	O
service	O
in	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
can	O
sell	O
by	O
wire	O
Sony	B-ORG
games	O
,	O
music	O
and	O
movies	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
really	O
kind	O
of	O
their	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
strategy	O
.	O


They	O
see	O
this	O
as	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
the	O
digital	O
delivery	O
content	O
to	O
consumers	O
'	O
homes	O
.	O


The	O
Babbage	B-ORG
's	O
chain	O
of	O
1,000	B-CARDINAL
game	O
stores	O
sold	O
out	O
60,000	B-CARDINAL
PlayStations	B-PRODUCT
overnight	O
,	O
and	O
everyone	O
sold	O
for	O
$	O
300	B-MONEY
is	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
get	O
as	B-MONEY
much	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
more	O
from	O
each	O
customer	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
lots	O
and	O
lots	O
of	O
opportunities	O
to	O
add	O
new	O
accessories	O
and	O
games	O
.	O


Selling	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
real	O
game	O
here	O
,	O
and	O
Sony	B-ORG
will	O
not	O
be	O
the	O
only	O
entry	O
.	O


Microsoft	B-ORG
is	O
developing	O
a	O
system	O
called	O
XIC	B-PRODUCT
Box	I-PRODUCT
for	O
release	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
Nintendo	B-ORG
,	O
once	O
a	O
dominant	O
player	O
,	O
is	O
plotting	O
a	O
comeback	O
.	O


The	O
winners	O
get	O
your	O
attention	O
,	O
and	O
your	O
money	O
.	O


Brian	B-PERSON
Rooney	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
.	O


Good	O
evening	B-TIME
,	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
is	O
bringing	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
investigators	O
home	O
from	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


Things	O
have	O
not	O
gone	O
quite	O
as	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
had	O
hoped	O
.	O


Nearly	B-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
American	B-NORP
agents	O
went	O
to	O
Yemen	B-GPE
right	O
after	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


A	O
very	O
high	O
profile	O
investigation	O
in	O
a	O
very	O
tense	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
Yemenis	B-NORP
are	O
worried	O
about	O
the	O
threat	O
to	O
their	O
national	O
sovereignty	O
.	O


We	O
got	O
our	O
closest	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
today	O
,	O
but	O
even	O
as	O
we	O
did	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
as	O
the	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
thanked	O
the	O
Yemenis	B-NORP
for	O
their	O
early	O
cooporation	O
,	O
investigators	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
think	O
they	O
have	O
hit	O
a	O
brick	O
wall	O
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
's	O
John	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
reports	O
tonight	B-TIME
from	O
the	O
port	O
city	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
FBI	B-ORG
agents	O
moved	O
out	O
in	O
a	O
caravan	O
of	O
trucks	O
and	O
buses	O
,	O
with	O
all	O
their	O
gear	O
in	O
tow	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
leaving	O
frustrated	O
.	O


The	O
majority	O
are	O
going	O
home	O
,	O
some	O
will	O
stay	O
on	O
the	O
Tarawa	B-PRODUCT
,	O
a	O
Navy	B-ORG
ship	O
offshore	O
.	O


Sources	O
tell	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
the	O
agents	O
are	O
moving	O
out	O
because	O
of	O
security	O
concerns	O
,	O
but	O
mostly	O
because	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
government	O
is	O
not	O
allowing	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
to	O
do	O
what	O
it	O
came	O
here	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


While	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
cooperation	O
between	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
investigators	O
and	O
their	O
American	B-NORP
counterparts	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
investigation	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
growing	O
level	O
of	O
frustration	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
,	O
because	O
even	O
now	O
,	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
into	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
no	O
U.S.	B-GPE
agent	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
independent	O
access	O
to	O
interview	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
witnesses	O
or	O
suspects	O
.	O


The	O
FBI	B-ORG
was	O
allowed	O
to	O
visit	O
suspected	O
safe	O
houses	O
and	O
collect	O
evidence	O
and	O
fingerprints	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
after	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
investigators	O
had	O
been	O
through	O
the	O
houses	O
first	B-ORDINAL
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
ambassador	O
and	O
a	O
senior	O
FBI	B-ORG
official	O
met	O
with	O
President	O
Ally	B-PERSON
Saleh	I-PERSON
to	O
complain	O
that	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
investigators	O
were	O
not	O
sharing	O
leads	O
or	O
information	O
.	O


Some	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
believe	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
are	O
concerned	O
about	O
sharing	O
information	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
embarrassing	O
to	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
called	O
a	O
haven	O
for	O
terrorists	O
,	O
but	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
say	O
without	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
witnesses	O
here	O
,	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
any	O
American	B-NORP
prosecution	O
for	O
the	O
murder	O
of	O
17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
is	O
in	O
doubt	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Aden	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
were	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
indications	O
earlier	O
about	O
how	O
important	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
has	O
become	O
as	O
an	O
issue	O
in	O
the	O
presidential	O
campaign	O
.	O


Everyone	O
agrees	O
it	O
needs	O
fixing	O
and	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
reformed	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
eventually	O
run	O
out	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
wants	O
to	O
modernize	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
,	O
as	O
he	O
puts	O
it	O
,	O
by	O
allowing	O
workers	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
small	O
share	O
of	O
their	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
,	O
payroll	O
tax	O
,	O
to	O
increase	O
themselves	O
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
wants	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
existing	O
system	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
he	O
would	O
save	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
by	O
reducing	O
the	O
national	O
debt	O
and	O
giving	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
extra	O
money	O
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
's	O
John	B-PERSON
Martin	I-PERSON
takes	O
a	O
closer	O
look	O
from	O
the	O
battleground	O
state	O
of	O
Missouri	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
a	O
small	O
robotics	O
company	O
in	O
a	O
St.	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE
suburb	O
,	O
the	O
Blumers	B-PERSON
,	O
father	O
and	O
son	O
,	O
work	O
side	O
by	O
side	O
.	O


George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
plan	O
to	O
allow	O
them	O
to	O
invest	O
a	O
small	O
portion	O
of	O
their	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
payroll	O
taxes	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
is	O
where	O
they	O
part	O
ways	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
do	O
with	O
it	O
what	O
I	O
want	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
made	O
a	O
bad	O
decision	O
,	O
then	O
falls	O
back	O
on	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
complain	O
about	O
anybody	O
else	O
messin'	O
my	O
money	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
retirement	O
money	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
money	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
lose	O
it	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
gone	O
.	O


The	O
issue	O
comes	O
down	O
to	O
this	O
--	O
will	O
voters	O
believe	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
promise	O
to	O
protect	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
the	O
way	O
it	O
is	O
?	O
or	O
will	O
they	O
take	O
a	O
gamble	O
and	O
trust	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
plan	O
to	O
privatize	O
part	O
of	O
it	O
?	O


Some	O
Missouri	B-GPE
voters	O
are	O
not	O
sure	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
will	O
be	O
there	O
for	O
them	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
are	O
ready	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
risk	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Dubis	I-PERSON
is	O
29	B-CARDINAL
,	O
father	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Giving	O
all	O
that	O
money	O
to	O
Uncle	B-PERSON
Sam	I-PERSON
to	O
earn	O
his	O
2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
on	O
it	O
or	O
me	O
turning	O
around	O
making	O
27	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
or	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
on	O
it	O
,	O
I	O
'd	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
that	O
way	O
.	O


That	O
way	O
was	O
a	O
simple	O
appeal	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
want	O
more	O
of	O
a	O
say	O
-	O
so	O
of	O
what	O
I	O
can	O
do	O
with	O
my	O
own	O
money	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
union	O
hall	O
,	O
retirees	O
worry	O
that	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
gambling	O
with	O
their	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
benefits	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
nobody	O
has	O
the	O
option	O
to	O
take	O
my	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
and	O
invest	O
it	O
in	O
nothing	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
mine	O
!	O


Gore	B-PERSON
targets	O
independents	O
like	O
Hank	B-PERSON
and	O
Loretta	B-PERSON
Goehring	I-PERSON
to	O
drive	O
home	O
the	O
point	O
that	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
plan	O
will	O
take	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
out	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
.	O


They	O
got	O
a	O
phone	O
message	O
by	O
actor	O
Ed	B-PERSON
Asner	I-PERSON
.	O


Hi	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
Ed	B-PERSON
Asner	I-PERSON
.	O


But	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
we	O
have	O
enough	O
money	O
to	O
cover	O
both	O
promises	O
.	O


Neither	O
candidate	O
says	O
how	O
he	O
will	O
guarantee	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
future	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
resist	O
saying	O
it	O
will	O
cost	O
more	O
money	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
never	O
see	O
the	O
need	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
to	O
raise	O
taxes	O
or	O
cut	O
benefits	O
?	O


I	O
certainly	O
hope	O
not	O
.	O


An	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
poll	O
shows	O
voters	O
divided	O
on	O
who	O
will	O
best	O
protect	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
,	O
but	O
58	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
support	O
a	O
plan	O
like	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
.	O


In	O
this	B-DATE
era	I-DATE
of	O
stock	O
market	O
wealth	O
,	O
they	O
see	O
his	O
idea	O
as	O
an	O
opportunity	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Martin	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
St.	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE
.	O


There	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
complexities	O
in	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
in	O
both	O
of	O
these	O
plans	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
our	O
website	O
,	O
abc.com	O
,	O
that	O
may	O
help	O
.	O


Final	O
think	O
evening	B-TIME
--	O
on	O
this	O
Halloween	B-DATE
,	O
witchcraft	O
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
500,000	I-CARDINAL
Americans	B-NORP
now	O
describe	O
themselves	O
as	O
witches	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
they	O
practice	O
witchcraft	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
part	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
or	O
another	O
.	O


Many	O
find	O
what	O
witches	O
do	O
inoffensive	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
so	O
in	O
part	O
of	O
Louisiana	B-GPE
.	O


Peggy	B-PERSON
Wehmeyer	I-PERSON
reports	O
on	O
what	O
is	O
acceptable	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
is	O
anything	O
but	O
not	O
far	O
away	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
spirituality	O
,	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
is	O
a	O
city	O
of	O
contrasts	O
.	O


Attend	O
Mass	O
on	O
Sunday	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
visit	O
fortune	O
tellers	O
and	O
voodoo	O
queens	O
by	O
noon	B-TIME
.	O


But	O
practices	O
that	O
go	O
mostly	O
unnoticed	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
are	O
causing	O
a	O
stir	O
because	O
70	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
down	O
the	O
road	O
in	O
a	O
conservative	O
bayou	O
town	O
,	O
a	O
home	O
to	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
churches	O
and	O
a	O
coven	O
of	O
witches	O
.	O


The	O
main	O
belief	O
in	O
witchcraft	O
is	O
harm	O
none	O
.	O


Not	O
everyone	O
in	O
town	O
thinks	O
these	O
witches	O
are	O
harmless	O
.	O


Many	O
fear	O
they	O
are	O
introducing	O
dangerous	O
spirits	O
into	O
the	O
community	O
.	O


The	O
church	O
is	O
gainst	O
everything	O
we	O
stand	O
for	O
as	O
a	O
Christian	B-NORP
nation	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
to	O
stand	O
up	O
and	O
say	O
not	O
in	O
our	O
community	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
to	O
say	O
absolutely	O
not	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
end	O
witchcraft	O
,	O
a	O
resident	O
filed	O
a	O
complaint	O
against	O
the	O
witches	O
using	O
an	O
old	O
law	O
that	O
forbids	O
fortune	O
-	O
telling	O
.	O


The	O
witches	O
believe	O
that	O
through	O
these	O
rituals	O
and	O
the	O
reeged	O
of	O
Tarot	O
cards	O
,	O
their	O
gods	O
and	O
goddesses	O
will	O
direct	O
their	O
futures	O
.	O


Local	O
officials	O
sent	O
a	O
detective	O
to	O
the	O
coven	O
to	O
photograph	O
the	O
evidence	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
a	O
sudden	O
,	O
we	O
get	O
a	O
knock	O
on	O
the	O
door	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
turn	O
these	O
pictures	O
in	O
to	O
my	O
superiors	O
and	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
fortune	O
-	O
telling	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
I	O
'll	O
arrest	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
ACLU	B-ORG
is	O
trying	O
to	O
abolish	O
that	O
threat	O
.	O


The	O
group	O
is	O
now	O
suing	O
Louisiana	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
the	O
witches	O
to	O
abolish	O
the	O
1928	B-DATE
law	O
it	O
considers	O
unconstitutional	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
protect	O
the	O
wicked	O
free	O
speech	O
right	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
Baptists	B-NORP
and	O
Catholics	B-NORP
'	O
free	O
speech	O
right	O
is	O
at	O
risk	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
case	O
against	O
the	O
witches	O
but	O
they	O
fear	O
the	O
witch	O
-	O
hunt	O
will	O
continue	O
until	O
the	O
fortune	O
-	O
telling	O
law	O
is	O
off	O
the	O
book	O
for	O
good	O
.	O


Peggy	B-PERSON
Wehmeyer	I-PERSON
,	O
Louisiana	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Jewish	B-NORP
settlers	O
were	O
killed	O
by	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
were	O
on	O
a	O
bus	O
when	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
fired	O
on	O
a	O
bus	O
and	O
a	O
woman	O
was	O
killed	O
when	O
her	O
car	O
was	O
fired	O
on	O
.	O


The	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
had	O
warned	O
they	O
would	O
retaliate	O
for	O
Thursday	B-DATE
's	O
assassination	O
of	O
a	O
commander	O
of	O
the	O
Fatah	B-ORG
organization	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
off	O
to	O
Asia	B-LOC
.	O


He	O
'll	O
go	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
Brunei	B-GPE
for	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
Asia	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
nations	O
,	O
then	O
to	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
Thursday	B-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
will	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
President	O
to	O
visit	O
the	O
country	O
since	O
the	B-EVENT
Vietnam	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
ended	O
in	O
1975	B-DATE
.	O


Overseas	O
this	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
,	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
has	O
made	O
a	O
public	O
appeal	O
to	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
to	O
stop	O
shooting	O
at	O
Israeli	B-NORP
targets	O
in	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
.	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
said	O
that	O
was	O
not	O
adequate	O
.	O


Four	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
in	O
the	O
territories	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
violence	O
on	O
violence	O
again	O
.	O


It	O
began	O
with	O
the	O
bombing	O
of	O
a	O
school	O
bus	O
carrying	O
children	O
of	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settlers	O
.	O


It	O
ended	O
with	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
punishing	O
Israeli	B-NORP
responses	O
in	O
weeks	B-DATE
.	O


Here	O
's	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Gillian	B-PERSON
Findlay	I-PERSON
.	O


For	O
two	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
helicopters	O
and	O
ships	O
fired	O
missile	O
after	O
missile	O
on	O
Gaza	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
50	B-CARDINAL
missiles	O
in	O
all	O
,	O
hitting	O
police	O
buildings	O
,	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
security	O
buildings	O
,	O
several	O
offices	O
of	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
political	O
organization	O
.	O


Unlike	O
previous	O
attacks	O
,	O
this	O
one	O
began	O
without	O
warning	O
and	O
early	O
enough	O
that	O
people	O
were	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
streets	O
.	O


Gaza	B-GPE
hospitals	O
reported	O
dozens	O
of	O
wounded	O
,	O
mostly	O
bruises	O
,	O
doctors	O
said	O
,	O
and	O
shock	O
.	O


Earlier	B-TIME
today	I-TIME
,	O
it	O
was	O
Israelis	B-NORP
in	O
shock	O
after	O
a	O
bomb	O
exploded	O
next	O
to	O
a	O
bus	O
filled	O
with	O
school	O
children	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settlements	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
bus	O
was	O
armored	O
,	O
a	O
usual	O
precaution	O
here	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
explosion	O
was	O
powerful	O
.	O


Shrapnel	O
killed	O
two	B-CARDINAL
parents	O
and	O
injured	O
several	O
children	O
seriously	O
.	O


This	O
road	O
,	O
a	O
lifeline	O
for	O
the	O
several	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
Jewish	B-NORP
settlers	O
who	O
live	O
here	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
targeted	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
times	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
was	O
quick	O
to	O
deny	O
any	O
responsibility	O
,	O
pointing	O
out	O
the	O
road	O
is	O
patrolled	O
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
.	O


The	O
incident	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
an	O
area	O
which	O
is	O
under	O
their	O
control	O
,	O
under	O
their	O
security	O
,	O
jurisdiction	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
blame	O
themselves	O
.	O


But	O
after	O
tonight	B-TIME
's	O
attack	O
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
said	O
none	O
of	O
this	O
would	O
have	O
happened	O
if	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
had	O
not	O
let	O
known	O
terrorists	O
out	O
of	O
jail	O
.	O


We	O
find	O
no	O
way	O
than	O
to	O
respond	O
like	O
any	O
other	O
free	O
world	O
democracy	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
vowed	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
as	O
much	O
force	O
as	O
necessary	O
to	O
end	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
violence	O
.	O


Late	B-TIME
tonight	I-TIME
,	O
in	O
several	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
towns	O
,	O
the	O
cry	O
once	O
more	O
was	O
for	O
revenge	O
.	O


Jillin	B-PERSON
Findley	I-PERSON
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
closer	O
look	O
at	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
ways	O
in	O
which	O
this	O
unresolved	O
election	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
consequence	O
.	O


The	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
administration	O
said	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
think	O
the	O
delay	O
would	O
affect	O
the	O
presidential	O
transition	O
.	O


Washington	B-GPE
remembers	O
how	O
ill	O
-	O
prepared	O
the	O
Clintons	B-PERSON
were	O
when	O
they	O
first	B-ORDINAL
came	O
to	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
whole	O
point	O
is	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
efficient	O
governing	O
apparatus	O
in	O
place	O
and	O
ready	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


3,000	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
jobs	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
filled	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
time	O
-	O
consuming	O
at	O
the	O
very	O
least	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
John	B-PERSON
Martin	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
government	O
is	O
ready	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
floors	O
of	O
offices	O
,	O
540	B-CARDINAL
work	O
stations	O
,	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
700,000	I-MONEY
worth	O
of	O
rented	O
space	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
give	O
to	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
transition	O
for	O
the	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
,	O
this	O
key	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
has	O
the	O
tools	O
,	O
just	O
not	O
the	O
names	O
.	O


You	O
see	O
a	O
small	O
gold	O
chip	O
on	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
tells	O
us	O
who	O
you	O
are	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
tells	O
us	O
you	O
're	O
authorized	O
to	O
go	O
in	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
opens	O
the	O
door	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
time	O
.	O


Some	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
administration	O
appointees	O
are	O
leaving	O
already	O
.	O


Stephen	B-PERSON
Preston	I-PERSON
,	O
general	O
counsel	O
to	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
is	O
going	O
back	O
to	O
his	O
old	O
law	O
firm	O
.	O


he	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
replaced	O
along	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
others	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
takes	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
to	O
check	O
newcomers	O
'	O
backgrounds	O
,	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
to	O
approve	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
600	B-CARDINAL
,	O
so	O
they	O
can	O
get	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
top	O
agency	O
positions	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
those	O
filled	O
,	O
you	O
basically	O
lose	O
the	O
connection	O
.	O


You	O
decapitate	O
the	O
federal	O
government	O
.	O


Every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
counts	O
.	O


Every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
right	O
now	O
is	O
equal	O
to	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Time	O
is	O
especially	O
tight	O
for	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
team	O
.	O


Republicans	B-NORP
have	O
not	O
held	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
for	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
so	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
starting	O
from	O
scratch	O
.	O


Governor	O
Bush	B-PERSON
will	O
have	O
empty	O
offices	O
everywhere	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
executive	O
can	O
not	O
operate	O
except	O
through	O
staff	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
he	O
has	O
n't	O
had	O
staff	O
cleared	O
on	O
Inauguration	B-DATE
Day	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
is	O
really	O
crippled	O
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
has	O
the	O
luxury	O
of	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
ask	O
some	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
appointees	O
to	O
stay	O
on	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
still	O
has	O
little	O
time	O
to	O
waste	O
.	O


The	O
senators	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
every	O
nominee	O
with	O
a	O
fine	O
-	O
tooth	O
comb	O
.	O


Robert	B-PERSON
Reich	I-PERSON
was	O
on	O
the	O
1992	B-DATE
Clinton	B-PERSON
transition	O
team	O
and	O
wound	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
cabinet	O
.	O


Even	O
without	O
a	O
close	O
election	O
,	O
it	O
took	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
six	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
to	O
make	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
appointments	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
problem	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
President	O
has	O
to	O
get	O
a	B-WORK_OF_ART
State	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Union	I-WORK_OF_ART
Message	I-WORK_OF_ART
ready	O
and	O
prepare	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
budget	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
that	O
has	O
to	O
happen	O
right	O
away	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
the	O
clock	O
is	O
ticking	O
,	O
except	O
here	O
in	O
the	O
transition	O
office	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
makes	O
no	O
sound	O
.	O


But	O
everybody	O
knows	O
--	O
time	O
is	O
of	O
the	O
essence	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Martin	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
said	O
today	O
it	O
is	O
taking	O
steps	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
the	O
transition	O
proceeds	O
as	O
efficiently	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


abcnews.com	O
has	O
details	O
of	O
what	O
it	O
takes	O
to	O
complete	O
a	O
very	O
complex	O
process	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
four	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
by	O
Israeli	O
soldiers	O
and	O
a	O
motorist	O
was	O
shot	O
by	O
a	O
sniper	O
.	O


The	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
administration	O
is	O
concerned	O
about	O
a	O
situation	O
spinning	O
out	O
of	O
control	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
said	O
that	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
attack	O
to	O
a	O
school	O
bus	O
was	O
an	O
atrocious	O
act	O
and	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
told	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
that	O
their	O
use	O
of	O
excessive	O
force	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


Egypt	B-GPE
has	O
recalled	O
its	O
ambassador	O
from	O
Israel	B-GPE
to	O
protest	O
the	O
rocket	O
attacks	O
on	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
elections	O
of	O
interest	O
to	O
many	O
Americans	B-NORP
--	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
facing	O
a	O
vote	O
of	O
no	O
confidence	O
has	O
called	O
national	O
elections	O
for	O
May	B-DATE
,	O
which	O
means	O
another	O
deadline	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
make	O
an	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
``	O
a	O
closer	O
look	O
''	O
at	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
inaugurated	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
won	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
a	O
clear	O
and	O
powerful	O
mandate	O
for	O
change	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
President	O
of	O
Mexico	B-GPE
.	O


Vincente	B-PERSON
Fox	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


This	O
is	O
an	O
enormous	O
event	O
for	O
Mexico	B-GPE
which	O
has	O
been	O
ruled	O
for	O
seven	B-DATE
decades	I-DATE
by	O
the	O
same	O
party	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
new	O
chapter	O
for	O
Mexican	B-NORP
-	O
American	O
relations	O
,	O
because	O
Mr.	O
Fox	B-PERSON
is	O
promising	O
revolutionary	O
change	O
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Donaldson	I-PERSON
has	O
recently	O
been	O
to	O
Mexico	B-GPE
to	O
see	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
58	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
man	O
who	O
becomes	O
President	O
of	O
Mexico	B-GPE
tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
strikingly	O
handsome	O
,	O
wily	O
in	O
the	O
ways	O
of	O
modern	O
politics	O
,	O
enormously	O
appealing	O
as	O
a	O
symbol	O
of	O
change	O
,	O
has	O
big	O
plans	O
.	O


I	O
dream	O
about	O
so	O
many	O
things	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
do	O
,	O
eradicating	O
poverty	O
,	O
eradicating	O
crime	O
,	O
violence	O
,	O
corruption	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
in	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
in	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
people	O
can	O
change	O
themselves	O
.	O


Mexicans	B-NORP
were	O
voting	O
for	O
change	O
on	O
election	B-DATE
Day	I-DATE
,	O
no	O
doubt	O
about	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
clear	O
Mexicans	B-NORP
were	O
voting	O
for	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
has	O
charmed	O
and	O
fascinated	O
them	O
,	O
who	O
has	O
become	O
their	O
political	O
Messiah	O
.	O


Fox	B-PERSON
comes	O
from	O
a	O
farming	O
and	O
ranching	O
family	O
.	O


His	O
grandfather	O
was	O
an	O
Irishman	B-NORP
,	O
but	O
as	O
a	O
young	O
man	O
,	O
Fox	B-PERSON
left	O
the	O
fields	O
to	O
work	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Coca	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Cola	I-ORG
company	I-ORG
in	O
Mexico	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


I	O
started	O
as	O
a	O
route	O
salesman	O
working	O
for	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


Ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
was	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
get	O
to	O
be	O
president	O
of	O
a	O
company	O
in	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
when	O
you	O
start	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
22	I-DATE
?	O


Working	O
hard	O
,	O
working	O
hard	O
,	O
man	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
will	O
clearly	O
take	O
much	O
more	O
than	O
hard	O
work	O
to	O
make	O
changes	O
that	O
will	O
affect	O
not	O
only	O
Mexico	B-GPE
but	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


He	O
says	O
he	O
will	O
drive	O
out	O
the	O
drug	O
traffickers	O
.	O


He	O
promised	O
to	O
reduce	O
poverty	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
mean	O
an	O
open	O
border	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
since	O
fewer	O
Mexicans	B-NORP
would	O
want	O
to	O
cross	O
over	O
for	O
jobs	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
even	O
promised	O
to	O
stamp	O
out	O
corruption	O
.	O


Corruption	O
is	O
the	O
evil	O
of	O
all	O
evils	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
were	O
campaigning	O
,	O
you	O
called	O
the	O
opposition	O
,	O
the	O
PRI	O
,	O
``	O
blood	O
suckers	O
,	O
''	O
``	O
black	O
adders	O
,	O
''	O
``	O
leaches	O
.	O
''	O


Do	O
you	O
mean	O
that	O
?	O


I	O
am	O
inviting	O
them	O
to	O
govern	O
with	O
them	O
together	O
.	O


But	O
why	O
should	O
they	O
help	O
you	O
?	O


You	O
beat	O
them	O
.	O


You	O
destroyed	O
their	O
power	O
base	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
in	O
their	O
heart	O
they	O
still	O
love	O
Mexico	B-GPE
.	O


Many	O
people	O
here	O
believe	O
Fox	B-PERSON
is	O
naive	O
.	O


The	O
danger	O
is	O
probably	O
he	O
can	O
not	O
deliver	O
the	O
promises	O
that	O
he	O
made	O
during	O
the	O
campaign	O
.	O


Javier	B-PERSON
Trevino	I-PERSON
was	O
the	O
campaign	O
manager	O
for	O
the	O
ruling	O
party	O
candidate	O
Fox	B-PERSON
beat	O
.	O


If	O
these	O
frustrations	O
occur	O
,	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
Vincente	B-PERSON
Fox	I-PERSON
will	O
do	O
?	O


Nobody	O
knows	O
,	O
exactly	O
,	O
because	O
nobody	O
knows	O
Vincente	B-PERSON
Fox	I-PERSON
as	O
President	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
them	O
say	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
``	O
Fox	B-PERSON
is	O
naive	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
may	O
go	O
off	O
half	O
-	O
cocked	O
.	O
''	O


Well	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
things	O
for	O
71	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
are	O
not	O
the	O
best	O
advice	O
I	O
can	O
get	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
we	O
Mexicans	B-NORP
can	O
.	O


Optimistic	O
and	O
ha	O
charging	O
,	O
Fox	B-PERSON
takes	O
office	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
acting	O
like	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
,	O
indeed	O
,	O
believes	O
he	O
can	O
defy	O
the	O
odds	O
and	O
make	O
his	O
dreams	O
for	O
Mexico	B-GPE
come	O
true	O
.	O


Sam	B-PERSON
Donaldson	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
on	O
horseback	O
in	O
Mexico	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
shock	O
waves	O
rushed	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


In	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
the	O
Gore	B-PERSON
campaign	O
had	O
steeled	O
themselves	O
to	O
lose	O
,	O
in	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
team	O
were	O
convinced	O
Democrats	B-NORP
on	O
the	B-ORG
Florida	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
were	O
determined	O
to	O
win	O
this	O
one	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Gore	B-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
lawyers	O
are	O
rushing	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
United	I-ORG
States	I-ORG
for	O
assistance	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
no	O
major	O
reaction	O
on	O
Wall	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
.	O


Markets	O
had	O
closed	O
.	O


Everywhere	O
else	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
Americans	B-NORP
were	O
stopped	O
momentarily	O
in	O
their	O
tracks	O
to	O
think	O
of	O
the	O
mess	O
that	O
may	O
lie	O
ahead	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
question	O
,	O
how	O
can	O
Florida	B-GPE
count	O
the	O
votes	O
in	O
64	B-CARDINAL
counties	O
when	O
it	O
took	O
this	O
much	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
partial	O
count	O
in	O
three	B-CARDINAL
?	O


Let	O
's	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Erin	B-PERSON
Hayes	I-PERSON
.	O


Peter	B-PERSON
,	O
here	O
in	O
the	O
capital	O
they	O
are	O
just	O
about	O
ready	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


In	O
Tallahassee	B-GPE
in	O
a	O
courthouse	O
,	O
,	O
000	O
votes	O
from	O
Miami	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Dade	I-GPE
County	I-GPE
.	O


Those	O
votes	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
preparations	O
just	O
in	O
case	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
use	O
25	B-CARDINAL
teams	O
,	O
then	O
that	O
roughly	O
adds	O
up	O
to	O
little	O
less	O
than	O
500	B-CARDINAL
ballots	O
per	O
team	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
figure	O
we	O
could	O
probably	O
conclude	O
that	O
within	O
an	B-TIME
eight	I-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
time	I-TIME
.	O


But	O
then	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
,	O
some	O
counties	O
have	O
n't	O
separated	O
the	O
undervotes	O
from	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
ballots	O
.	O


Where	O
to	O
start	O
?	O
and	O
what	O
to	O
count	O
?	O


There	O
was	O
almost	O
no	O
guidance	O
from	O
the	O
court	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


In	O
tabulating	O
what	O
constitutes	O
a	O
legal	O
vote	O
,	O
the	O
standard	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
legislature	O
.	O


A	O
vote	O
shall	O
be	O
counted	O
where	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
clear	O
indication	O
of	O
the	O
intent	O
of	O
the	O
voter	O
.	O


Exactly	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
ambiguity	O
that	O
has	O
kept	O
the	O
legal	O
battle	O
muddy	O
and	O
ongoing	O
for	O
31	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
the	O
standards	O
will	O
be	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
who	O
will	O
count	O
them	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
she	O
will	O
be	O
counted	O
in	O
time	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
count	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Electoral	I-ORG
College	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
court	O
was	O
deeply	O
divided	O
.	O


Judge	O
Wells	B-PERSON
said	O
--	O
the	O
concern	O
among	O
many	O
is	O
that	O
this	O
decision	O
now	O
leads	O
so	O
many	O
questions	O
.	O


T.	O
would	O
appear	O
very	O
little	O
time	O
to	O
find	O
the	O
answers	O
.	O


Thanks	O
.	O


In	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
ruling	O
from	O
Florida	B-GPE
's	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
chief	O
justice	O
warned	O
recounting	O
undervotes	O
in	O
the	O
counties	O
would	O
cause	O
``	O
confusion	O
and	O
disorder	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
some	O
places	O
today	B-DATE
those	O
words	O
appeared	O
prophetic	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Von	I-PERSON
Fremd	I-PERSON
from	O
Jacksonville	B-GPE
.	O


When	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
issued	O
its	O
decision	O
to	O
stop	O
,	O
observers	O
in	O
the	O
counting	O
room	O
were	O
told	O
to	O
leave	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
serious	O
?	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
I	O
see	O
it	O
in	O
writing	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
says	O
stop	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
stop	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
stopping	O
right	O
now	O
until	O
I	O
see	O
if	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
keep	O
on	O
stopping	O
.	O


The	O
process	O
stopped	O
before	O
a	O
single	O
ballot	O
was	O
counted	O
.	O


Tempers	O
flared	O
early	O
on	O
after	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Canvassing	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
announced	O
in	O
advance	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
impossible	O
to	O
meet	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
's	O
p.m.	O
deadline	O
.	O


No	O
possible	O
way	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
can	O
not	O
carry	O
out	O
his	O
constitutional	O
duty	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
then	O
he	O
should	O
do	O
as	O
the	O
judge	O
in	O
Tallahassee	B-GPE
did	O
,	O
recuse	O
himself	O
,	O
put	O
somebody	O
there	O
who	O
can	O
get	O
it	O
done	O
!	O


cheers	O
and	O
applause	O


The	O
problem	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
5,000	B-CARDINAL
undercount	O
ballots	O
are	O
mixed	O
in	O
with	O
the	O
pool	O
of	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
300,000	I-CARDINAL
ballots	O
.	O


They	O
flew	O
in	O
a	O
computer	O
consultant	O
to	O
install	O
a	O
program	O
to	O
separate	O
the	O
ballots	O
.	O


His	O
explanation	O
of	O
how	O
it	O
all	O
works	O
baffled	O
me	O
.	O


We	O
load	O
the	O
cards	O
into	O
the	O
reader	O
hopper	O
at	O
which	O
time	O
the	O
machine	O
looks	O
for	O
a	O
light	O
and	O
then	O
passes	O
into	O
the	O
stacker	O
.	O


From	O
beginning	O
to	O
end	O
,	O
both	O
sides	O
fought	O
every	O
step	O
of	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


This	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
they	O
could	O
not	O
decide	O
how	O
to	O
begin	O
.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
are	O
arguing	O
about	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
now	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
told	O
to	O
stop	O
.	O


Democrats	B-NORP
say	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
sort	O
the	O
ballots	O
.	O


Republicans	B-NORP
said	O
,	O
No	O
way	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Von	I-PERSON
Fremd	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jacksonville	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Barak	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
will	O
resign	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


Sometimes	O
things	O
are	O
not	O
as	O
they	O
seem	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
political	O
chess	O
move	O
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Gillian	B-PERSON
Findlay	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


It	O
was	O
an	O
emotional	O
speech	O
and	O
one	O
that	O
Israelis	B-NORP
had	O
not	O
expected	O
.	O


``	O
Tomorrow	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
I	O
will	O
inform	O
the	O
President	O
of	O
my	O
decision	O
to	O
resign	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
I	O
will	O
ask	O
again	O
for	O
the	O
trust	O
of	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
people	O
.	O
''	O


That	O
trust	O
has	O
plummeted	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
since	O
Barak	B-PERSON
came	O
to	O
power	O
.	O


Failed	O
peace	O
talks	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
violence	O
that	O
has	O
followed	O
weakened	O
him	O
,	O
strengthened	O
the	O
speculation	O
that	O
former	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Netanyahu	B-PERSON
might	O
return	O
to	O
politics	O
and	O
try	O
to	O
unseat	O
him	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Netanyahu	B-PERSON
would	O
win	O
easily	O
according	O
to	O
polls	O
.	O


That	O
may	O
be	O
why	O
Barak	B-PERSON
has	O
chosen	O
to	O
resign	O
now	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
was	O
headed	O
towards	O
an	O
early	O
general	O
election	O
.	O


By	O
announcing	O
his	O
resignation	O
,	O
Barak	B-PERSON
has	O
ensured	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
different	O
election	O
,	O
a	O
special	O
election	O
for	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
only	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Netanyahu	B-PERSON
will	O
not	O
be	O
eligible	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
because	O
under	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
election	O
rules	O
,	O
only	O
a	O
sitting	O
member	O
of	O
parliament	O
can	O
run	O
in	O
a	O
special	O
election	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Netanyahu	B-PERSON
gave	O
up	O
his	O
seat	O
when	O
he	O
lost	O
the	O
last	O
election	O
.	O


Thanks	O
,	O
Gillian	B-PERSON
Findlay	I-PERSON
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
news	O
overseas	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
environmental	O
summit	O
in	O
Johannesburg	B-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
,	O
representatives	O
from	O
122	B-CARDINAL
nations	O
signed	O
an	O
agreement	O
banning	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
12	B-CARDINAL
highly	O
toxic	O
chemicals	O
.	O


Among	O
them	O
,	O
dioxins	O
and	O
other	O
chemicals	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
known	O
as	O
``	O
the	O
Dirty	O
Dozen	B-CARDINAL
.	O
''	O


They	O
have	O
been	O
linked	O
to	O
cancer	O
,	O
birth	O
defects	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
genetic	O
abnormalities	O
.	O


American	B-NORP
Mideast	B-LOC
peace	O
envoy	O
Dennis	B-PERSON
Ross	I-PERSON
goes	O
to	O
Morocco	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
for	O
meetings	O
with	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
President	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
.	O


News	O
of	O
the	O
meeting	O
came	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
resigned	O
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
dramatic	O
move	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
tactical	O
one	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
special	O
election	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
hopes	O
to	O
be	O
back	O
in	O
office	O
.	O


Also	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
Norway	B-GPE
,	O
South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
President	O
Kim	B-PERSON
Dae	I-PERSON
jung	I-PERSON
was	O
awarded	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Nobel	I-WORK_OF_ART
Peace	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Kim	B-PERSON
received	O
the	O
award	O
for	O
improving	O
ties	O
between	O
North	B-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
75	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
leader	O
pledged	O
to	O
devote	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
his	O
life	O
to	O
the	O
reunification	O
of	O
his	O
homeland	O
.	O


And	O
finally	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
to	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
interest	O
and	O
curiosity	O
.	O


While	O
we	O
may	O
have	O
our	O
own	O
problems	O
here	O
with	O
a	O
roller	O
coaster	O
of	O
an	O
election	O
,	O
they	O
've	O
got	O
some	O
flip	O
-	O
flopping	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
going	O
on	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
their	O
national	O
anthem	O
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Gizbert	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
shed	O
most	O
symbols	O
of	O
its	O
authoritarian	O
past	O
almost	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
is	O
coming	O
out	O
of	O
retirement	O
--	O
the	O
old	O
Soviet	B-NORP
anthem	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
always	O
a	O
bold	O
,	O
stirring	O
melody	O
,	O
a	O
feature	O
of	O
the	O
military	O
parades	O
in	O
Red	B-FAC
Square	I-FAC
that	O
Westerners	B-NORP
came	O
to	O
recognize	O
through	O
medal	O
ceremonies	O
at	O
the	B-EVENT
Olympic	I-EVENT
Games	I-EVENT
,	O
but	O
,	O
like	O
most	O
Soviet	B-NORP
symbols	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


``	O
we	O
should	O
bury	O
it	O
forever	O
,	O
''	O
this	O
man	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
Our	O
citizens	O
were	O
massacred	O
to	O
the	O
sound	O
of	O
that	O
anthem	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
were	O
deprived	O
of	O
our	O
freedom	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Boris	B-PERSON
Yeltsin	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
throughout	O
his	O
presidency	O
displayed	O
an	O
interest	O
in	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
a	O
sophistication	O
for	O
,	O
music	O
,	O
got	O
rid	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
replaced	O
it	O
with	O
a	O
century	B-DATE
Russian	B-NORP
composition	O
--	O
7777	O
--	O
an	O
instrumental	O
with	O
no	O
lyrics	O
to	O
offend	O
anyone	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


Russian	B-NORP
athletes	O
were	O
uncomfortably	O
mute	O
when	O
their	O
new	O
lyric-less	O
anthem	O
was	O
played	O
.	O


Some	O
even	O
complained	O
that	O
it	O
hurt	O
team	O
morale	O
.	O


Ordinary	O
Russians	B-NORP
have	O
difficulty	O
humming	O
the	O
tune	O
--	O
humming	O
dissonantly	O
--	O
not	O
like	O
the	O
old	O
anthem	O
,	O
7777	O
humming	O
melodically	O
and	O
Boris	B-PERSON
Yeltsin	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
successor	O
,	O
President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
was	O
clearly	O
not	O
a	O
fan	O
.	O


Putin	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Soviet	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
era	I-DATE
KGB	B-ORG
agent	O
,	O
wanted	O
to	O
revive	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
anthem	O
.	O


He	O
wants	O
to	O
present	O
this	O
idea	O
of	O
a	O
strong	O
state	O
in	O
symbols	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
flag	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
national	O
anthem	O
,	O
but	O
Putin	B-PERSON
realized	O
that	O
the	O
anthem	O
's	O
old	O
pro-Communist	B-NORP
lyrics	O
would	O
n't	O
resonate	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


So	O
this	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
parliament	O
approved	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
compromise	O
proposal	O
,	O
bring	O
the	O
melody	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
anthem	O
back	O
and	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
some	O
new	O
words	O
.	O


Agreeing	O
on	O
those	O
new	O
words	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
easy	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
often	O
can	O
not	O
escape	O
or	O
does	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
escape	O
its	O
Soviet	B-NORP
past	O
.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
Gizbert	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
forgotten	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
won	O
this	O
the	O
way	O
he	O
did	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
it	O
took	O
a	O
while	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
to	O
sort	O
out	O
precisely	O
what	O
the	O
court	O
had	O
decided	O
by	O
such	O
a	O
narrow	O
margin	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
case	O
number	O
00949	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
dissected	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
to	O
come	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Jackie	B-PERSON
Judd	I-PERSON
.	O


The	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
cleared	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
to	O
become	O
President	O
by	O
interpreting	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
``	O
equal	O
protection	O
under	O
the	O
law	O
''	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
it	O
had	O
never	O
done	O
before	O
.	O


Equal	O
protection	O
cases	O
often	O
deal	O
with	O
discrimination	O
based	O
on	O
race	O
.	O


Here	O
,	O
the	O
court	O
applied	O
it	O
to	O
counting	O
voters	O
'	O
ballots	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
now	O
become	O
clear	O
,	O
that	O
as	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
federal	O
law	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
reasonably	O
uniform	O
standards	O
for	O
collecting	O
people	O
's	O
votes	O
and	O
for	O
interpreting	O
those	O
votes	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
equal	O
protection	O
became	O
the	O
single	B-CARDINAL
issue	O
this	O
divided	O
court	O
could	O
find	O
a	O
majority	O
to	O
support	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
a	O
stabilizing	O
decision	O
that	O
restored	O
order	O
to	O
a	O
very	O
chaotic	O
situation	O
.	O


And	O
with	O
that	O
in	O
mind	O
,	O
the	O
justices	O
--	O
in	O
a	O
highly	O
unusual	O
move	O
--	O
said	O
their	O
ruling	O
``	O
is	O
limited	O
to	O
the	O
present	O
circumstances	O
''	O
only	O
,	O
meaning	O
it	O
applies	O
just	O
to	O
Bush	B-PERSON
v.	O
Gore	B-PERSON
.	O


Not	O
likely	O
,	O
say	O
many	O
legal	O
experts	O
.	O


What	O
they	O
've	O
done	O
now	O
amounts	O
to	O
,	O
what	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
general	O
principle	O
,	O
and	O
take	O
it	O
right	O
back	O
again	O
immediately	O
by	O
saying	O
,	O
``	O
well	O
,	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
intend	O
to	O
enforce	O
this	O
in	O
any	O
other	O
case	O
.	O
''	O


Even	O
those	O
who	O
support	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
ruling	O
still	O
expect	O
it	O
to	O
affect	O
many	O
states	O
with	O
election	O
laws	O
similar	O
to	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


That	O
raises	O
a	O
host	O
of	O
new	O
questions	O
,	O
not	O
just	O
about	O
recounts	O
,	O
but	O
about	O
different	O
voting	O
machines	O
and	O
differences	O
between	O
one	B-CARDINAL
city	O
and	O
another	O
city	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
state	O
.	O


Even	O
it	O
raises	O
questions	O
about	O
differences	O
between	O
citizens	O
of	O
different	O
states	O
.	O


This	O
historic	O
decision	O
will	O
certainly	O
be	O
remembered	O
as	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
put	O
a	O
President	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
,	O
but	O
it	O
may	O
also	O
become	O
a	O
decision	O
that	O
expands	O
the	O
judiciary	O
's	O
role	O
in	O
future	O
elections	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Jackie	B-PERSON
Judd	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-FAC
Supreme	I-FAC
Court	I-FAC
.	O


This	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
began	O
opening	O
its	O
borders	O
,	O
just	O
slightly	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
some	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
could	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
work	O
.	O


Officials	O
say	O
the	O
block	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
has	O
been	O
necessary	O
for	O
security	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
an	O
economic	O
nightmare	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Gillian	B-PERSON
Findlay	I-PERSON
.	O


This	O
is	O
how	O
bad	O
it	O
has	O
gotten	O
for	O
Ahmad	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
dour	I-PERSON
.	O


Out	O
of	O
work	O
,	O
out	O
of	O
savings	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
now	O
trying	O
to	O
sell	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
few	O
valuables	O
he	O
has	O
left	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
important	O
thing	O
is	O
to	O
buy	O
milk	O
for	O
the	O
children	O
,	O
says	O
this	O
father	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
about	O
the	O
price	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
need	O
to	O
sell	O
it	O
.	O


These	O
days	O
,	O
Gaza	B-GPE
's	O
central	O
market	O
is	O
filled	O
with	O
people	O
who	O
need	O
to	O
sell	O
.	O


TV's	O
,	O
stereos	O
,	O
even	O
bicycles	O
.	O


Mohammed	B-PERSON
's	O
parents	O
told	O
him	O
they	O
needed	O
the	O
money	O
for	O
food	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
says	O
it	O
closed	O
its	O
borders	O
for	O
security	O
reasons	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
economic	O
impact	O
here	O
has	O
been	O
devastating	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
just	O
that	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
who	O
used	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
are	O
unemployed	O
,	O
construction	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
has	O
all	O
but	O
stopped	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
has	O
blocked	O
cement	O
supplies	O
.	O


Gas	O
is	O
also	O
in	O
short	O
supply	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
time	O
to	O
time	O
,	O
so	O
is	O
food	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
just	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
living	O
below	O
the	O
poverty	O
line	O
has	O
risen	O
by	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
in	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
now	O
live	O
on	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
a	O
day	O
.	O


Their	O
economy	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
growing	O
,	O
now	O
loses	O
close	B-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
9	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	O
day	O
.	O


I	O
really	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
we	O
have	O
much	O
longer	O
than	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
January	I-DATE
before	O
real	O
disaster	O
starts	O
hitting	O
from	O
the	O
economic	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
.	O


Five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
Bashar	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
masri	I-PERSON
gave	O
up	O
a	O
successful	O
Washington	B-GPE
investment	O
career	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
and	O
help	O
build	O
the	O
new	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
state	O
.	O


Business	O
was	O
good	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
until	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
started	O
their	O
uprising	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
began	O
shooting	O
back	O
.	O


The	O
bullet	O
came	O
in	O
here	O
and	O
hit	O
the	O
wall	O
right	O
here	O
.	O


And	O
all	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
masri	I-PERSON
's	O
investors	O
fled	O
.	O


Soon	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
have	O
no	O
choice	O
but	O
to	O
lay	O
off	O
his	O
staff	O
,	O
making	O
more	O
people	O
unemployed	O
,	O
more	O
people	O
desperate	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
think	O
that	O
things	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
better	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
much	O
,	O
much	O
worse	O
because	O
you	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
many	O
more	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
hopeless	O
.	O


Hopeless	O
,	O
and	O
angry	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
says	O
it	O
wants	O
security	O
.	O


Palestinians	B-NORP
say	O
,	O
strangling	O
them	O
economically	O
is	O
only	O
going	O
to	O
make	O
things	O
worse	O
.	O


Gillian	B-PERSON
Findlay	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Bridgestone	I-ORG
/	I-ORG
Firestone	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
today	O
blamed	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
factors	O
for	O
the	O
flawed	O
tires	O
linked	O
to	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
150	I-CARDINAL
deaths	O
.	O


Firestone	B-ORG
says	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
design	O
flaw	O
.	O


The	O
pockets	O
between	O
the	O
tread	O
on	O
the	O
tire	O
shoulder	O
are	O
too	O
steep	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
also	O
blamed	O
consumers	O
who	O
underinflate	O
their	O
tires	O
,	O
Ford	B-ORG
--	O
for	O
recommending	O
a	O
low	O
tire	O
pressure	O
and	O
the	O
manufacturing	O
process	O
at	O
one	B-CARDINAL
plant	O
in	O
Decatur	B-GPE
,	O
Illinois	B-GPE
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Jamieson	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Decatur	B-GPE
tonight	O
.	O


Few	O
workers	O
were	O
inside	O
the	O
Decatur	B-GPE
plant	O
today	O
,	O
virtually	O
closed	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
because	O
Firestone	B-ORG
sales	O
have	O
plummeted	O
.	O


Firestone	B-ORG
's	O
finding	O
that	O
the	O
process	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
workmanship	O
that	O
brought	O
about	O
the	O
failures	O
has	O
brought	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
relief	O
.	O


Many	O
feared	O
that	O
Firestone	B-ORG
would	O
close	O
the	O
plants	O
for	O
work	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
always	O
been	O
a	O
concern	O
,	O
being	O
pointed	O
to	O
and	O
singled	O
out	O
as	O
a	O
problem	O
plant	O
.	O


Firestone	B-ORG
is	O
Decatur	B-GPE
's	O
third	B-ORDINAL
-	O
largest	O
employer	O
.	O


Though	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
fourth	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
workers	O
were	O
laid	O
off	O
,	O
the	O
tiremaker	O
still	O
employs	O
1,400	B-CARDINAL
.	O


It	O
's	O
very	O
good	O
news	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
very	O
good	O
news	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Economic	O
Development	O
Director	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Eggars	I-PERSON
lobbied	O
Firestone	B-ORG
to	O
keep	O
the	O
plant	O
open	O
.	O


In	O
terms	O
of	O
payroll	O
and	O
selective	O
services	O
,	O
Firestone	B-ORG
infuses	O
approximately	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	O
month	O
into	O
the	O
local	O
economy	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
tidy	O
,	O
modest	O
neighborhoods	O
where	O
Firestone	B-ORG
workers	O
live	O
,	O
the	O
damage	O
has	O
already	O
been	O
done	O
.	O


Until	O
the	O
problems	O
,	O
Firestone	B-ORG
was	O
a	O
family	O
business	O
for	O
the	O
Coppenbargers	B-PERSON
.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
and	O
Shirley	B-PERSON
,	O
together	O
,	O
have	O
nearly	B-DATE
60	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
job	O
.	O


Richard	O
Jr.	O
had	O
14	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
before	O
he	O
was	O
laid	O
off	O
in	O
October	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
job	O
--	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
history	O
here	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
,	O
so	O
to	O
speak	O
,	O
following	O
my	O
parents	O
here	O
.	O


My	O
job	O
meant	O
more	O
to	O
me	O
than	O
just	O
a	O
paycheck	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
worried	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
finish	O
out	O
until	O
my	O
actual	O
retirement	O
,	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
really	O
ready	O
to	O
quit	O
,	O
but	O
,	O
yeah	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
some	O
doubts	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
an	B-DATE
uncertain	I-DATE
Christmas	I-DATE
here	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
absolves	O
the	O
workers	O
,	O
they	O
know	O
their	O
jobs	O
will	O
only	O
be	O
safe	O
if	O
Firestone	B-ORG
restores	O
faith	O
in	O
its	O
products	O
and	O
sells	O
more	O
tires	O
.	O


Bob	B-PERSON
Jamieson	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Decatur	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
has	O
yet	O
to	O
take	O
office	O
.	O


How	O
will	O
it	O
be	O
once	O
he	O
takes	O
over	O
?	O


One	B-CARDINAL
writer	O
asked	O
today	O
,	O
Will	O
black	O
Americans	B-NORP
be	O
eternal	O
victims	O
?	O
Will	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
blacks	O
be	O
permanently	O
estranged	O
?	O


Here	O
is	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
John	B-PERSON
Martin	I-PERSON
.	O


As	O
usual	O
,	O
it	O
took	O
a	O
comedian	O
to	O
say	O
what	O
many	O
Americans	B-NORP
are	O
thinking	O
.	O


Give	O
Bush	B-PERSON
credit	O
.	O


You	O
realize	O
Bush	B-PERSON
has	O
named	O
more	O
black	O
people	O
to	O
his	O
administration	O
than	O
voted	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


Today	O
,	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
signaled	O
his	O
intention	O
to	O
mend	O
fences	O
with	O
black	O
Americans	B-NORP
.	O


I	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
work	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
welcome	O
the	O
opportunity	O
.	O


I	O
look	O
forward	O
to	O
the	O
chance	O
.	O


Georgetown	B-ORG
law	O
professor	O
Sheryll	B-PERSON
Cashin	I-PERSON
worked	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
.	O


Will	O
it	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
reach	O
out	O
?	O


Will	O
it	O
be	O
necessary	O
?	O


Yes	O
.	O


Maybe	O
not	O
necessary	O
,	O
but	O
definitely	O
important	O
.	O


Important	O
for	O
several	O
reasons	O
.	O


Republicans	B-NORP
hold	O
only	O
a	O
five	B-CARDINAL
-	O
vote	O
majority	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
,	O
so	O
the	O
38	B-CARDINAL
black	O
votes	O
lined	O
up	O
by	O
this	O
member	O
,	O
Eddie	B-PERSON
Bernice	I-PERSON
Johnson	I-PERSON
,	O
will	O
be	O
crucial	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
the	O
new	O
chair	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Black	I-ORG
Caucus	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
consequences	O
of	O
his	O
ignoring	O
us	O
means	O
his	O
programs	O
will	O
not	O
probably	O
be	O
successful	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
wants	O
to	O
build	O
bridges	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
and	O
gain	O
support	O
among	O
blacks	O
.	O


The	O
question	O
is	O
whether	O
that	O
's	O
feasible	O
without	O
antagonizing	O
his	O
political	O
base	O
.	O


Black	O
leaders	O
say	O
without	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
support	O
on	O
the	O
issues	O
which	O
matter	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
mobilize	O
and	O
work	O
extra	O
hard	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
vote	O
out	O
next	O
time	O
in	O
even	O
greater	O
numbers	O
for	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Martin	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
news	O
today	B-DATE
--	O


In	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
met	O
again	O
with	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
and	O
were	O
slightly	O
optimistic	O
.	O


The	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiator	O
said	O
there	O
was	O
some	O
progress	O
on	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
sovereignty	O
over	O
part	O
of	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Good	O
evening	O
.	O


George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
has	O
chosen	O
the	O
person	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
be	O
Attorney	O
General	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
58	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
soon	O
to	O
be	O
former	O
Senator	O
John	B-PERSON
Ashcroft	I-PERSON
of	O
Missouri	B-GPE
.	O


Senator	O
Ashcroft	B-PERSON
lost	O
his	O
bid	O
for	O
re-election	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
senator	O
is	O
a	O
former	O
law	O
professor	O
and	O
former	O
Attorney	O
General	O
of	O
Missouri	B-GPE
and	O
Governor	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
conservative	O
wing	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
positions	O
he	O
's	O
taken	O
as	O
a	O
politician	O
have	O
galvanized	O
liberal	O
opposition	O
to	O
his	O
nomination	O
today	O
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Von	I-PERSON
Fremd	I-PERSON
is	O
with	O
us	O
this	O
evening	O
from	O
Austin	B-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
?	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Peter	B-PERSON
,	O
Senator	O
John	B-PERSON
Ashcroft	I-PERSON
is	O
clearly	O
the	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
's	O
most	O
controversial	O
nominee	O
to	O
date	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
his	O
positions	O
are	O
bound	O
to	O
upset	O
Democrats	B-NORP
.	O


He	O
said	O
Ashcroft	B-PERSON
would	O
serve	O
everyone	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
be	O
faithful	O
to	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
pursuing	O
justice	O
without	O
favor	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Conservative	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
gives	O
him	O
a	O
top	O
approval	O
rating	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
voted	O
against	O
some	O
tobacco	O
regulations	O
,	O
against	O
expanding	O
hate	O
crime	O
legislation	O
and	O
against	O
allowing	O
abortions	O
at	O
military	O
hospitals	O
.	O


A	O
record	O
that	O
troubles	O
most	O
Democratic	B-NORP
constituencies	O
.	O


For	O
a	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
who	O
is	O
committed	O
to	O
uniting	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
not	O
dividing	O
it	O
,	O
this	O
nomination	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
divisive	O
he	O
could	O
have	O
chosen	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
tremendously	O
concerned	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
harbinger	O
of	O
things	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Mr.	O
Ashcroft	B-PERSON
has	O
also	O
angered	O
civil	O
rights	O
groups	O
.	O


He	O
blocked	O
the	O
nomination	O
of	O
Missouri	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
Judge	O
Ronnie	B-PERSON
White	I-PERSON
to	O
the	O
federal	O
bench	O
.	O


Judge	O
White	B-PERSON
was	O
the	O
first	O
black	O
member	O
of	O
Missouri	B-GPE
's	O
Supreme	B-ORG
.	O


Ashcroft	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
judge	O
was	O
soft	O
on	O
criminals	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
his	O
reasons	O
for	O
blocking	O
a	O
single	O
nomination	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
thought	O
about	O
that	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
looked	O
at	O
the	O
facts	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
listened	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
question	O
in	O
my	O
mind	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
person	O
who	O
believes	O
in	O
civil	O
rights	O
for	O
all	O
citizens	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


If	O
he	O
is	O
confirmed	O
,	O
the	O
outgoing	O
senator	O
said	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
Attorney	O
General	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
enforce	O
the	O
laws	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
America	I-GPE
with	O
integrity	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Ashcroft	B-PERSON
said	O
his	O
recent	O
loss	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
race	O
has	O
given	O
him	O
time	O
to	O
reflect	O
.	O


Political	O
defeat	O
brings	O
more	O
than	O
emotion	O
and	O
pain	O
.	O


It	O
brings	O
perspective	O
,	O
and	O
today	O
,	O
for	O
Janet	B-PERSON
and	O
me	O
,	O
it	O
brings	O
a	O
renewed	O
and	O
noble	O
call	O
to	O
public	O
service	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Now	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
nomination	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
even	O
mildly	O
controversial	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
does	O
go	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
to	O
satisfy	O
the	O
conservative	O
wing	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
party	O
.	O


And	O
Peter	B-PERSON
,	O
he	O
'll	O
need	O
them	O
when	O
he	O
begins	O
to	O
govern	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
,	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Von	I-PERSON
Fremd	I-PERSON
in	O
Texas	B-GPE
tonight	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
news	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
annual	B-DATE
Christmas	B-DATE
migration	O
is	O
under	O
way	O
from	O
every	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


People	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
reach	O
their	O
people	O
somewhere	O
else	O
.	O


New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
La	B-FAC
Guardia	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
has	O
been	O
a	O
nightmare	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
some	O
good	O
news	O
.	O


Even	O
with	O
the	O
bad	O
weather	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
flying	O
,	O
the	O
industry	O
says	O
2	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
alone	O
,	O
things	O
are	O
not	O
as	O
bad	O
as	O
they	O
might	O
be	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Jamieson	I-PERSON
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


At	O
Chicago	B-GPE
's	O
O'Hare	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
,	O
ground	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
for	O
air	O
travel	O
troubles	O
all	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
--	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
holiday	O
surprise	O
.	O


220,000	B-CARDINAL
passengers	O
jammed	O
the	O
airport	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
good	O
weather	O
and	O
labor	O
peace	O
at	O
United	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
,	O
there	O
were	O
few	O
delays	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
actually	O
on	O
time	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


A	O
rare	O
thing	O
that	O
happens	O
here	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


There	O
were	O
scattered	O
delays	O
in	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
and	O
Boston	B-GPE
.	O


Snow	O
fell	O
all	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
long	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
Northeast	B-LOC
,	O
causing	O
poor	O
visibility	O
,	O
but	O
little	O
stayed	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


Across	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
skies	O
were	O
clear	O
at	O
almost	O
every	O
major	O
airline	O
hub	O
and	O
little	O
change	O
is	O
expected	O
tomorrow	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
particularly	O
welcome	O
at	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
's	O
Hartsfield	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
.	O


Earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
bad	O
weather	O
added	O
to	O
a	O
labor	O
dispute	O
between	O
Delta	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
and	O
its	O
pilots	O
caused	O
scores	O
of	O
cancellations	O
and	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
delays	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
Delta	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
was	O
forced	O
to	O
cancel	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
flights	O
today	O
,	O
because	O
some	O
pilots	O
refused	O
overtime	O
.	O


This	O
journey	O
started	O
at	O
6:45	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
,	O
and	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
look	O
like	O
there	O
's	O
any	O
promise	O
of	O
getting	O
out	O
of	O
here	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Analysts	O
say	O
travelers	O
should	O
still	O
consider	O
today	B-DATE
an	O
early	O
Christmas	B-DATE
present	O
.	O


Anybody	O
that	O
thinks	O
this	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
air	O
travel	O
is	O
through	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
holidays	O
and	O
into	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2001	I-DATE
are	O
in	O
for	O
a	O
real	O
surprise	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
at	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
things	O
usually	O
are	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Which	O
may	O
explain	O
why	O
so	O
many	O
,	O
almost	B-CARDINAL
45	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
are	O
traveling	O
by	O
car	O
this	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
,	O
up	O
sharply	O
from	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
few	O
problems	O
are	O
reported	O
.	O


All	O
aboard	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Amtrak	B-ORG
is	O
expected	O
to	O
have	O
more	O
passengers	O
too	O
.	O


I	O
take	O
the	O
train	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
more	O
sane	O
than	O
flying	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
rail	O
carrier	O
is	O
adding	O
16,000	B-CARDINAL
seats	O
in	O
the	O
Northeast	B-LOC
alone	O
,	O
many	O
for	O
passengers	O
who	O
decided	O
not	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
chance	O
on	O
the	O
weather	O
or	O
the	O
airlines	O
.	O


Bob	B-PERSON
Jamieson	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


We	O
all	O
know	O
it	O
pays	O
to	O
keep	O
checking	O
.	O


abcnews.com	O
has	O
up	O
to	O
the	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME
reporting	O
on	O
travel	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
another	O
setback	O
in	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


Senior	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
security	O
officials	O
said	O
today	B-DATE
they	O
can	O
do	O
nothing	O
to	O
quell	O
the	O
unrest	O
until	O
Israel	B-GPE
lifts	O
its	O
blockade	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
negotiators	O
are	O
scheduled	O
to	O
meet	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
with	O
CIA	B-ORG
chief	O
George	B-PERSON
Tenet	I-PERSON
but	O
top	O
-	O
level	O
officials	O
,	O
who	O
were	O
originally	O
expected	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
meeting	O
,	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
there	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
played	O
a	O
supporting	O
role	O
today	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
where	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
lady	O
,	O
Senator	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
,	O
was	O
honored	O
at	O
Madison	B-FAC
Square	I-FAC
Garden	I-FAC
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
since	O
the	O
election	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
and	O
Vice	O
President	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
appeared	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
stage	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
reportedly	O
approved	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
12	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
plan	O
to	O
give	O
aid	O
to	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
opposition	O
groups	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
``	B-ORG
the	I-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
,	O
''	O
the	O
money	O
would	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
help	O
distribute	O
food	O
--	O
medicine	O
and	O
other	O
humanitarian	O
relief	O
.	O


But	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
the	O
serious	O
business	O
--	O


George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
nominees	O
for	O
his	O
cabinet	O
are	O
still	O
getting	O
a	O
going	O
-	O
over	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
and	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
causing	O
a	O
mild	O
stir	O
here	O
by	O
his	O
reluctance	O
to	O
slide	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
spotlight	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
asked	O
for	O
seven	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
on	O
television	O
tonight	B-TIME
to	O
say	O
good-bye	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
get	O
it	O
,	O
from	O
us	O
.	O


Here	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
down	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
is	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Jock	B-PERSON
Cochran	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
will	O
point	O
out	O
challenges	O
facing	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
implied	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
some	O
disapproval	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
tax	O
cut	O
proposals	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
also	O
say	O
America	B-GPE
must	O
stay	O
engaged	O
with	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
President	O
will	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
building	O
one	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
including	O
racial	O
reconciliation	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
hopes	O
history	O
will	O
look	O
kindly	O
on	O
tonight	B-TIME
's	O
speech	O
,	O
but	O
history	O
ignores	O
most	O
presidential	O
farewells	O
.	O


Exceptions	O
include	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
one	O
,	O
from	O
George	B-PERSON
Washington	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
war	O
hero	O
Dwight	B-PERSON
Eisenhower	I-PERSON
's	O
surprising	O
warning	O
about	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
Nixon	I-PERSON
made	O
the	O
history	O
books	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
because	O
he	O
said	O
--	O
I	O
shall	O
resign	O
the	O
presidency	O
effective	O
at	O
noon	B-TIME
tomorrow	I-TIME
.	O


Even	O
the	O
Great	O
Communicator	O
,	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Reagan	I-PERSON
,	O
got	O
only	O
middling	O
marks	O
for	O
his	O
farewell	O
.	O


America	B-GPE
is	O
respected	O
again	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
looked	O
to	O
for	O
leadership	O
.	O


George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Elder	I-PERSON
left	O
by	O
saying	O
nothing	O
--	O
no	O
farewell	O
address	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
would	O
just	O
be	O
an	O
ego	O
trip	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
told	O
friends	O
.	O


Would	O
n't	O
be	O
prudent	O
,	O
but	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
could	O
not	O
pass	O
up	O
his	O
last	O
chance	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
bully	O
pulpit	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
someone	O
who	O
wants	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
place	O
for	O
himself	O
in	O
the	O
politics	O
of	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
simply	O
campaigning	O
at	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
his	O
wife	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
what	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
says	O
tonight	B-TIME
is	O
said	O
in	O
large	O
part	O
with	O
an	O
eye	O
to	O
his	O
own	O
political	O
future	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
,	O
tonight	B-TIME
's	O
speech	O
is	O
a	O
real	O
change	O
,	O
for	O
,	O
as	O
you	O
noted	O
,	O
Peter	B-PERSON
,	O
this	O
one	O
will	O
be	O
short	O
--	O
very	O
short	O
,	O
only	B-TIME
about	I-TIME
seven	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
.	O


Short	O
for	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
,	O
certainly	O
.	O


Thanks	O
,	O
John	B-PERSON
Cochran	I-PERSON
.	O


When	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
was	O
attacked	O
last	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
and	O
17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
were	O
killed	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
sailors	O
on	O
board	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
used	O
his	O
own	O
camera	O
to	O
record	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
aftermath	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
pictures	O
you	O
have	O
not	O
seen	O
before	O
,	O
what	O
the	O
terrorists	O
did	O
to	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
ship	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
mention	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
morale	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
John	B-PERSON
M	I-PERSON
Wethy	I-PERSON
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
sailors	O
who	O
died	O
were	O
about	O
to	O
have	O
lunch	O
.	O


A	O
half	B-CARDINAL
-	O
eaten	O
meal	O
still	O
sits	O
on	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


A	B-QUANTITY
few	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
away	O
,	O
destruction	O
is	O
total	O
--	O
the	O
floor	O
driven	O
up	O
through	O
the	O
ceiling	O
,	O
a	O
deadly	O
twisting	O
of	O
steel	O
,	O
daylight	O
showing	O
through	O
a	O
gaping	O
hole	O
in	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O


We	O
was	O
lucky	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
through	O
all	O
this	O
.	O


Seaman	O
Carl	B-PERSON
Wingate	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
shot	O
this	O
home	O
video	O
,	O
remembers	O
the	B-TIME
moment	I-TIME
,	O
along	O
with	O
his	O
shipmates	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
really	O
loud	O
boom	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
almost	O
undescribable	O
how	O
loud	O
it	O
was	O
.	O


I	O
actually	O
started	O
running	O
up	O
the	O
passageway	O
,	O
up	O
the	O
ladder	O
.	O


I	O
opened	O
up	O
the	O
door	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
deck	O
there	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
gone	O
.	O


I	O
felt	O
my	O
whole	O
body	O
shaking	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
I	O
was	O
getting	O
electrocuted	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
was	O
going	O
on	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
hours	I-DATE
just	I-DATE
after	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
blast	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
crew	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
shock	O
.	O


Some	O
still	O
covered	O
with	O
soot	O
from	O
the	O
explosion	O
wander	O
through	O
darkened	O
passageways	O
,	O
still	O
not	O
sure	O
what	O
hit	O
them	O
.	O


God	B-PERSON
was	O
with	O
me	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


A	O
senior	O
enlisted	O
man	O
says	O
he	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
if	O
he	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
called	O
to	O
a	O
meeting	O
moments	B-TIME
before	O
the	O
blast	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
debris	O
laying	O
all	O
over	O
.	O


Outside	O
,	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
exterior	O
walls	O
are	O
pitted	O
by	O
shrapnel	O
from	O
the	O
explosion	O
.	O


An	O
orange	O
life	O
raft	O
,	O
blown	O
from	O
the	O
deck	O
,	O
is	O
plastered	O
to	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
bridge	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
moth	O
on	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
a	O
speeding	O
car	O
.	O


Crewmen	O
,	O
now	O
at	O
battle	O
stations	O
,	O
stand	O
at	O
a	O
50	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
caliber	I-QUANTITY
machine	O
gun	O
that	O
was	O
unmanned	O
when	O
the	O
attack	O
occurred	O
.	O


The	O
Navy	B-ORG
's	O
final	O
report	O
on	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
attack	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
explain	O
why	O
no	O
one	O
will	O
be	O
punished	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
captain	O
and	O
crew	O
failed	O
to	O
take	O
basic	O
steps	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O


Sources	O
say	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
itself	O
will	O
accept	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
blame	O
,	O
by	O
admitting	O
all	O
its	O
ships	O
were	O
vulnerable	O
and	O
its	O
sailors	O
were	O
not	O
trained	O
to	O
expect	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
attack	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
M	I-PERSON
Wethy	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


In	O
Washington	B-GPE
this	O
was	O
a	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
about	O
beginnings	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
also	O
one	O
of	O
farewells	O
.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
said	O
good-bye	O
.	O


Few	O
people	O
can	O
really	O
know	O
what	O
it	O
must	O
be	O
like	O
to	O
leave	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
as	O
President	O
that	O
final	O
time	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
know	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
worked	O
right	O
up	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
granting	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
pardons	O
as	O
he	O
walked	O
out	O
the	O
door	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
John	B-PERSON
Cochran	I-PERSON
.	O


7777	O


An	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
after	O
seeing	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
sworn	O
in	O
,	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
8	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
was	O
no	O
longer	O
introduced	O
as	O
the	O
President	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


It	O
is	O
,	O
indeed	O
,	O
my	O
great	O
honor	O
and	O
privilege	O
to	O
introduce	O
to	O
you	O
now	O
our	O
President	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Cheers	O


This	O
was	O
the	O
farewell	O
from	O
his	O
Washington	B-GPE
friends	O
.	O


Many	O
had	O
served	O
in	O
his	O
government	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
not	O
sure	O
what	O
the	O
future	O
holds	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
how	O
it	O
is	O
when	O
you	O
leave	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
,	O
you	O
wonder	O
if	O
you	O
'll	O
draw	O
a	O
crowd	O
again	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
told	O
supporters	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
proud	O
of	O
what	O
his	O
administration	O
had	O
accomplished	O
.	O


You	O
gave	O
me	O
the	O
ride	O
of	O
my	O
life	O
.	O


I	O
tried	O
to	O
give	O
as	O
good	O
as	O
I	O
got	O
.	O


Even	O
though	O
he	O
tried	O
to	O
keep	O
up	O
the	O
spirits	O
,	O
he	O
had	O
gone	O
through	O
an	O
emotional	O
24	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
himself	O
,	O
refusing	O
to	O
sleep	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
savoring	O
every	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
in	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
,	O
working	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
--	O


Less	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
before	O
he	O
lost	O
his	O
presidential	O
powers	O
,	O
he	O
granted	O
pardons	O
to	O
140	B-CARDINAL
Americans	B-NORP
,	O
including	O
Henry	B-PERSON
Cisneros	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
Housing	B-ORG
Secretary	O
convicted	O
of	O
lying	O
to	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
,	O
Roger	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
former	O
President	O
's	O
half	B-CARDINAL
-	O
brother	O
,	O
John	B-PERSON
Deutch	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
former	O
CIA	B-ORG
director	O
who	O
pleaded	O
guilty	O
yesterday	B-DATE
to	O
mishandling	O
classified	O
materials	O
,	O
Patty	B-PERSON
Hearst	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Susan	B-PERSON
M	I-PERSON
Dougal	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
friend	O
of	O
the	O
Clintons	B-PERSON
who	O
served	O
part	O
of	O
her	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
jail	O
for	O
refusing	O
to	O
testify	O
about	O
them	O
.	O


It	O
hurt	O
my	O
mom	O
and	O
dad	O
so	O
much	O
to	O
hear	O
convicted	O
felon	O
.	O


Now	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
say	O
that	O
again	O
.	O


By	O
late	B-TIME
this	I-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
,	O
as	O
movers	O
transported	O
the	O
belongings	O
to	O
the	O
home	O
in	O
Chappaqua	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
had	O
no	O
longer	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
grant	O
pardons	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
a	O
rally	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
new	O
senator	O
who	O
got	O
the	O
spotlight	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
all	O
so	O
much	O
.	O


To	O
those	O
who	O
think	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
has	O
seen	O
his	O
last	O
hurrah	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
this	O
to	O
say	O
--	O
``	O
I	O
may	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
President	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
around	O
.	O
''	O


Off	O
the	O
coast	O
of	O
Ecuador	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Coast	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
team	O
has	O
arrived	O
to	O
help	O
clean	O
up	O
the	O
damage	O
from	O
a	O
serious	O
oil	O
spill	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Galapagos	I-LOC
Islands	I-LOC
.	O


Officials	O
fear	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
environmental	O
disaster	O
in	O
the	O
making	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
environmental	O
marvels	O
--	O


Isolated	O
600	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
off	O
the	O
northwest	O
coast	O
of	O
South	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
,	O
the	B-LOC
Galapagos	I-LOC
Islands	I-LOC
are	O
famed	O
for	O
their	O
wildlife	O
.	O


Its	O
giant	O
tortoises	O
and	O
rare	O
species	O
of	O
birds	O
inspired	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Darwin	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
theory	O
of	O
evolution	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
they	O
are	O
threatened	O
by	O
a	O
tanker	O
that	O
was	O
carrying	O
fuel	O
to	O
the	O
islands	O
.	O


It	O
ran	O
aground	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	O
began	O
spilling	O
oil	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


Already	O
120,000	B-QUANTITY
gallons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
fuel	O
are	O
believed	O
to	O
have	O
leaked	O
,	O
damaging	O
wildlife	O
on	O
the	O
Galapagos	B-LOC
'	O
eastern-most	O
islands	O
,	O
San	B-LOC
Cristobal	I-LOC
.	O


Ecuador	B-GPE
's	O
Environmental	O
Minister	O
Rodolfo	B-PERSON
Rendon	I-PERSON
,	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
islands	O
.	O


We	O
spoke	O
to	O
him	O
by	O
phone	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
serious	O
environmental	O
problem	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
are	O
working	O
so	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
a	O
disaster	O
.	O


Officials	O
say	O
currents	O
are	O
pushing	O
the	O
spill	O
toward	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
colonies	O
of	O
sea	O
lions	O
.	O


Ecuadorian	B-NORP
crews	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
leak	O
by	O
setting	O
up	O
a	O
fence	O
to	O
trap	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
using	O
chemicals	O
to	O
neutralize	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
also	O
taking	O
oil	O
off	O
the	O
grounded	O
tanker	O
,	O
but	O
so	O
far	O
they	O
've	O
only	O
managed	O
to	O
retrieve	O
20,000	B-QUANTITY
gallons	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
more	O
are	O
still	O
on	O
board	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-LOC
Galapagos	I-LOC
Islands	I-LOC
of	O
Ecuador	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
oil	O
spill	O
that	O
threatens	O
so	O
many	O
species	O
of	O
rare	O
birds	O
and	O
animals	O
is	O
now	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
.	O


Cleanup	O
teams	O
are	O
desperately	O
trying	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
endangered	O
species	O
.	O


A	O
tanker	O
ran	O
aground	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
off	O
San	B-LOC
Cristobal	I-LOC
Island	I-LOC
,	O
and	O
our	O
Ned	B-PERSON
Potter	I-PERSON
is	O
there	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


This	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
the	O
tanker	O
was	O
practically	O
on	O
its	O
side	O
,	O
the	O
waves	O
breaking	O
it	O
off	O
just	B-QUANTITY
500	I-QUANTITY
yards	I-QUANTITY
from	O
San	B-LOC
Cristobal	I-LOC
Island	I-LOC
,	O
and	O
despite	O
their	O
best	O
efforts	O
,	O
officials	O
said	O
200,000	B-QUANTITY
gallons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
engine	O
fuel	O
had	O
already	O
leaked	O
from	O
the	O
hull	O
,	O
endangering	O
sea	O
lions	O
,	O
pelicans	O
,	O
crabs	O
and	O
other	O
species	O
.	O


The	O
best	O
thing	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
do	O
is	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
the	O
oil	O
here	O
at	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
pollution	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
's	O
concentrated	O
.	O


Ed	B-PERSON
Stanton	I-PERSON
heads	O
a	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Coast	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
team	O
,	O
sent	O
here	O
at	O
Ecuador	B-GPE
's	O
request	O
.	O


From	O
Mobile	B-GPE
,	O
Alabama	B-GPE
,	O
they	O
're	O
trying	O
,	O
against	O
the	O
odds	O
,	O
to	O
pump	O
any	O
remaining	O
fuel	O
from	O
the	O
ship	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
spill	O
into	O
the	O
ocean	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


You	O
become	O
sympathetic	O
and	O
empathetic	O
with	O
the	O
people	O
that	O
are	O
here	O
.	O


They	O
've	O
never	O
experienced	O
anything	O
like	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
them	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
an	O
emotional	O
turmoil	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
Galapagos	B-LOC
gathered	O
in	O
the	O
harbor	O
here	O
to	O
help	O
in	O
any	O
way	O
they	O
could	O
.	O


Fishermen	O
in	O
their	O
boats	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
clean	O
up	O
the	O
waters	O
.	O


Others	O
trying	O
to	O
clean	O
up	O
shorelines	O
,	O
saving	O
birds	O
,	O
all	O
by	O
hand	O
.	O


How	O
many	O
animals	O
have	O
you	O
cleaned	O
off	O
?	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
one	O
.	O


The	O
``	O
Jessica	B-PRODUCT
''	O
was	O
here	O
to	O
deliver	O
fuel	O
for	O
tour	O
boats	O
,	O
which	O
bring	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
island	O
's	O
45,000	B-CARDINAL
visitors	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
the	O
environment	O
here	O
was	O
damaged	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
because	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
come	O
to	O
marvel	O
at	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
Galapagos	B-LOC
are	O
hallowed	O
ground	O
to	O
many	O
scientists	O
,	O
for	O
it	O
was	O
here	O
that	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Darwin	I-PERSON
derived	O
his	O
theory	O
of	O
natural	O
selection	O
.	O


Now	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
fish	O
he	O
saw	O
are	O
in	O
danger	O
because	O
pollutants	O
could	O
sink	O
and	O
kill	O
the	O
algae	O
on	O
which	O
underwater	O
life	O
depends	O
,	O
but	O
late	B-TIME
today	I-TIME
,	O
the	O
news	O
was	O
encouraging	O
--	O
that	O
wind	O
and	O
currents	O
were	O
carrying	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
spill	O
away	O
from	O
land	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
a	O
mixture	O
of	O
anxiety	O
about	O
the	O
situation	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
relief	O
,	O
though	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
been	O
lucky	O
.	O


Lucky	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
point	O
.	O


This	O
place	O
has	O
suffered	O
its	O
worst	O
crisis	O
in	O
decades	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
found	O
itself	O
almost	O
helpless	O
to	O
protect	O
itself	O
.	O


Ned	B-PERSON
Potter	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
on	O
San	B-LOC
Cristobal	I-LOC
in	O
the	B-LOC
Galapagos	I-LOC
Islands	I-LOC
.	O


In	O
space	O
another	O
chapter	O
unfolding	O
,	O
the	O
final	O
chapter	O
of	O
what	O
was	O
once	O
a	O
shining	O
symbol	O
of	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
failing	O
space	O
station	O
Mir	B-FAC
.	O


Today	O
the	O
oft	O
-	O
troubled	O
craft	O
was	O
gassed	O
up	O
,	O
so	O
to	O
speak	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
looked	O
like	O
a	O
slow	O
-	O
motion	O
video	O
game	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
nose	O
camera	O
on	O
the	O
unmanned	O
Progress	B-PRODUCT
shipped	O
inched	O
closer	O
to	O
the	O
abandoned	O
Mir	B-PRODUCT
Station	O
,	O
space	O
history	O
was	O
being	O
made	O
.	O


This	O
long	O
suffering	O
,	O
long	O
deteriorating	O
orbiting	O
lab	O
today	B-DATE
received	O
the	O
extra	O
fuel	O
it	O
needs	O
to	O
destroy	O
itself	O
.	O


The	O
plan	O
is	O
for	O
Mir	B-FAC
's	O
thrusters	O
to	O
be	O
fired	O
up	O
by	O
remote	O
control	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
February	I-DATE
for	O
re-entry	O
orbit	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
station	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
vaporize	O
as	O
it	O
comes	O
down	O
,	O
some	O
fragments	O
splashing	O
into	O
the	B-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
Mir	B-FAC
was	O
first	O
launched	O
15	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
cutting	O
edge	O
of	O
research	O
into	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
space	O
stations	O
.	O


Much	O
was	O
learned	O
about	O
construction	O
,	O
rendezvous	O
and	O
docking	O
,	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
weightlessness	O
upon	O
plants	O
,	O
microorganisms	O
and	O
humans	O
.	O


American	B-NORP
astronauts	O
even	O
worked	O
there	O
.	O


As	O
Mir	B-FAC
grew	O
old	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
little	O
Russian	B-NORP
money	O
to	O
fix	O
or	O
replace	O
it	O
,	O
the	O
station	O
became	O
accident	O
-	O
prone	O
--	O
damage	O
from	O
the	O
fire	O
,	O
gaping	O
holes	O
from	O
a	O
collision	O
with	O
a	O
supply	O
ship	O
,	O
computers	O
broken	O
due	O
to	O
faulty	O
cables	O
.	O


Now	O
Mir	B-FAC
is	O
being	O
made	O
irrelevant	O
by	O
a	O
new	O
,	O
multi-nation	O
space	O
station	O
under	O
construction	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
's	O
final	O
fuel	O
delivery	O
marks	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
one	O
of	O
modern	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
biggest	O
triumphs	O
and	O
biggest	O
embarrassments	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
said	O
today	B-DATE
he	O
will	O
stop	O
diplomatic	O
contacts	O
with	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
until	O
after	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
election	O
on	O
February	B-DATE
.	O


Just	B-DATE
yesterday	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
had	O
agreed	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
this	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
Sweden	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
announcement	O
triggered	O
harsh	O
words	O
from	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
at	O
the	B-EVENT
Davos	I-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Economic	I-EVENT
Forum	I-EVENT
,	O
where	O
he	O
spoke	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
elder	O
statesman	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
.	O


Protesting	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
are	O
being	O
met	O
with	O
heavier	O
firepower	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
as	O
violence	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
escalates	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
the	O
tension	O
grows	O
,	O
so	O
does	O
the	O
death	O
toll	O
.	O


Kevin	B-PERSON
Dunn	I-PERSON
has	O
the	O
latest	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
dramatic	O
demonstration	O
of	O
military	O
force	O
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
sent	O
tanks	O
and	O
armored	O
personnel	O
carriers	O
in	O
a	O
town	O
,	O
a	O
clear	O
sign	O
of	O
its	O
readiness	O
to	O
use	O
all	O
the	O
firepower	O
it	O
commands	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
put	O
down	O
rioting	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
fifth	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
clashes	O
erupted	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
on	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
where	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
attacked	O
an	O
Israeli	B-ORG
Army	I-ORG
outpost	O
.	O


The	O
violence	O
sparked	O
off	O
by	O
a	O
provocative	O
visit	O
by	O
right	O
wing	O
Israeli	B-NORP
politician	O
Fos	O
.	O


A	O
Muslim	B-NORP
holy	O
site	O
is	O
now	O
thes	O
who	O
for	O
at	B-DATE
least	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
was	O
summed	O
up	O
by	O
the	O
fatal	O
shooting	O
of	O
the	O
12	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
as	O
he	O
cowered	O
with	O
his	O
father	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
says	O
the	O
boy	O
was	O
caught	O
unintentionally	O
in	O
cross	O
fire	O
.	O


His	O
funeral	O
only	O
one	O
of	O
many	O
as	O
the	O
death	O
toll	O
rises	O
.	O


World	O
leaders	O
fear	O
the	O
violence	O
will	O
set	O
back	O
the	O
fragile	O
progress	O
toward	O
a	O
peace	O
settlement	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
these	O
events	O
are	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
derail	O
the	O
crucial	O
peace	O
talks	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
despite	O
this	O
major	O
hiccup	O
and	O
serious	O
incident	O
,	O
the	O
process	O
will	O
continue	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
succeed	O
and	O
the	O
talks	O
should	O
go	O
forward	O
.	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
cabinet	O
was	O
convened	O
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
crisis	O
with	O
ministers	O
blaming	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
police	O
for	O
failing	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
rioting	O
.	O


For	O
their	O
part	O
,	O
the	O
leaders	O
said	O
the	O
violence	O
would	O
stop	O
only	O
when	O
Israel	B-GPE
withdraws	O
its	O
forces	O
from	O
occupied	O
areas	O
.	O


Kevin	B-PERSON
Dunn	I-PERSON
,	O
ITN	B-ORG
.	O


Yugoslavian	B-NORP
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
is	O
warning	O
of	O
the	O
consequences	O
of	O
an	O
opposition	O
victory	O
in	O
an	O
upcoming	O
runoff	O
election	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
televised	O
address	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
predicted	O
an	O
opposition	O
takeover	O
would	O
bring	O
about	O
the	O
breakup	O
of	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
.	O


Milosevic	B-PERSON
's	O
comments	O
come	O
as	O
opposition	O
forces	O
are	O
organizing	O
nationwide	O
strikes	O
aimed	O
at	O
forcing	O
him	O
to	O
step	O
down	O
.	O


Hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
cars	O
,	O
trucks	O
and	O
buses	O
are	O
lining	O
up	O
at	O
major	O
intersections	O
,	O
and	O
most	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
are	O
refusing	O
to	O
work	O
.	O


Opposition	O
leaders	O
claim	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
rigged	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
presidential	O
vote	O
.	O


Overnight	B-TIME
,	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
workers	O
abandoned	O
their	O
jobs	O
at	O
two	B-CARDINAL
important	O
coal	O
mines	O
and	O
an	O
oil	O
refinery	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
power	O
and	O
fuel	O
shortages	O
.	O


Yugoslav	B-NORP
election	O
officials	O
have	O
scheduled	O
a	O
runoff	O
for	O
Sunday	B-DATE
,	O
saying	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
's	O
challenger	O
,	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
,	O
did	O
n't	O
achieve	O
the	O
required	O
majority	O
of	O
votes	O
.	O


In	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
at	O
least	O
six	O
cities	O
lost	O
power	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
by	O
striking	O
coal	O
miners	O
to	O
get	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
to	O
admit	O
defeat	O
in	O
recent	O
elections	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
capital	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
,	O
students	O
and	O
opposition	O
party	O
supporters	O
rallied	O
as	O
the	O
government	O
warned	O
of	O
a	O
crackdown	O
on	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
``	O
subversives	O
.	O
''	O


Businesses	O
and	O
factories	O
also	O
closed	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
opposition	O
candidate	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
.	O


The	B-ORG
Yugoslav	I-ORG
Election	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
claims	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
win	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
vote	O
.	O


A	O
runoff	O
election	O
is	O
set	O
for	O
October	B-DATE
.	O


Canada	B-GPE
is	O
saying	O
good-bye	O
to	O
a	O
former	O
leader	O
.	O


Cuban	B-NORP
President	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
and	O
former	O
U.S.	B-GPE
President	O
Jimmy	B-PERSON
Carter	I-PERSON
joined	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
mourners	O
for	O
the	O
state	O
funeral	O
of	O
former	O
Canadian	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Pierre	B-PERSON
Trudeau	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
service	O
inside	O
the	O
Notre	B-FAC
Dame	I-FAC
basilica	O
in	O
Trudeau	B-PERSON
's	O
hometown	O
of	O
Montreal	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
caps	O
five	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
national	O
mourning	O
.	O


Some	B-CARDINAL
15,000	I-CARDINAL
people	O
came	O
to	O
visit	O
his	O
flag	O
-	O
draped	O
casket	O
yesterday	B-DATE
at	O
City	B-FAC
Hall	I-FAC
.	O


He	O
died	O
Thursday	B-DATE
of	O
prostate	O
cancer	O
.	O


Pierre	B-PERSON
Trudeau	I-PERSON
was	O
80	B-DATE
.	O


Five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
today	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
O.J.	B-PERSON
Simpson	I-PERSON
trial	O
ended	O
with	O
an	O
acquittal	O
.	O


In	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
edition	O
of	O
``	O
Headliners	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Glascoff	I-PERSON
looks	O
at	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
the	O
lead	O
prosecutor	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
she	O
's	O
doing	O
now	O
.	O


Not	O
guilty	O
of	O
the	O
crime	O
of	O
murder	O
.	O


On	O
this	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
1995	I-DATE
,	O
O.J.	B-PERSON
Simpson	I-PERSON
was	O
acquitted	O
of	O
the	O
1994	B-DATE
murders	O
of	O
his	O
ex-wife	O
Nicole	B-PERSON
and	O
her	O
friend	O
Ron	B-PERSON
Goldman	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
trial	O
thrust	O
chief	O
prosecutor	O
Marcia	B-PERSON
Clark	I-PERSON
into	O
the	O
spotlight	O
.	O


Clark	B-PERSON
graduated	O
from	O
UCLA	B-ORG
in	O
1974	B-DATE
,	O
earning	O
her	O
law	O
degree	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
.	O


She	O
joined	O
the	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
district	O
attorney	O
's	O
office	O
in	O
1981	B-DATE
after	O
spending	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
as	O
a	O
criminal	O
defense	O
attorney	O
.	O


Clark	B-PERSON
gained	O
reputation	O
for	O
her	O
expertise	O
in	O
forensic	O
evidence	O
,	O
handling	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
60	I-CARDINAL
jury	O
trials	O
,	O
20	B-CARDINAL
involving	O
murder	O
,	O
before	O
taking	O
on	O
the	O
Simpson	B-PERSON
case	O
.	O


Her	O
efforts	O
helped	O
convict	O
the	B-PERSON
Robert	I-PERSON
John	I-PERSON
Bardo	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
stalking	O
murder	O
of	O
actress	O
Rebecca	B-PERSON
Schaeffer	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
the	O
Simpson	B-PERSON
trial	O
and	O
the	O
jury	O
's	O
findings	O
marked	O
a	O
turning	O
point	O
in	O
the	O
career	O
of	O
the	O
twice	O
-	O
divorced	O
mother	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Since	O
the	O
trial	O
,	O
she	O
's	O
published	O
the	O
best	O
-	O
selling	O
book	O
``	O
Without	B-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
Doubt	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
about	O
her	O
experience	O
on	O
the	O
Simpson	B-PERSON
case	O
.	O


These	O
days	O
,	O
Clark	B-PERSON
practices	O
family	O
law	O
in	O
L.A.	B-GPE
and	O
has	O
made	O
frequent	O
appearances	O
on	O
network	O
television	O
.	O


With	O
``	O
Headliners	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
I	O
'm	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Glascoff	I-PERSON
.	O


Madeleine	B-PERSON
Albright	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
hoping	O
to	O
end	O
the	O
crisis	O
.	O


She	O
meets	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
with	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
President	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
.	O


They	O
're	O
expected	O
to	O
meet	O
separately	O
with	O
Albright	B-PERSON
.	O


She	O
hopes	O
to	O
bring	O
them	O
together	O
for	O
a	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
way	O
meeting	O
eventually	O
.	O


Researchers	O
studied	O
children	O
under	O
a	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
.	O


Half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
get	O
the	O
flu	O
.	O


While	O
unvaccinated	O
kids	O
bring	O
it	O
home	O
and	O
infect	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
a	O
vaccinated	O
child	O
helps	O
reduce	O
the	O
risk	O
by	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Flu	O
shots	O
reduce	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
antibiotics	O
and	O
health	O
care	O
costs	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
published	O
in	O
``	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Journal	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
American	I-WORK_OF_ART
Medical	I-WORK_OF_ART
Association	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
government	O
is	O
warning	O
American	B-NORP
citizens	O
living	O
and	O
traveling	O
abroad	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
alert	O
as	O
violence	O
continues	O
in	O
the	O
Mideast	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
confrontations	O
are	O
casting	O
a	O
shadow	O
over	O
Mideast	B-LOC
peace	O
talks	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
have	O
been	O
attending	O
talks	O
separately	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
scheduled	O
to	O
hold	O
another	O
summit	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
sources	O
say	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
wo	O
n't	O
return	O
to	O
the	O
table	O
until	O
three	B-CARDINAL
conditions	O
are	O
met	O
.	O


He	O
wants	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
to	O
end	O
the	O
fighting	O
,	O
remove	O
Israeli	B-NORP
tanks	O
and	O
helicopter	O
gunships	O
from	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
residential	O
areas	O
and	O
agree	O
to	O
an	O
international	O
investigation	O
into	O
the	O
violence	O
.	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
rejected	O
the	O
notion	O
of	O
an	O
international	O
commission	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
in	O
clashes	O
overnight	B-TIME
.	O


Shooting	O
also	O
erupted	O
near	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settlement	O
in	O
the	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
,	O
a	O
passenger	O
was	O
wounded	O
when	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
bus	O
came	O
under	O
fire	O
.	O


58	B-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
in	O
six	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
fighting	O
.	O


Bloodshed	O
continues	O
in	O
the	O
Mideast	B-LOC
in	O
spite	O
of	O
Israeli	B-NORP
efforts	O
to	O
prevent	O
violence	O
by	O
sealing	O
off	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
.	O


Stone	O
-	O
throwing	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
confronted	O
Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
protecting	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settlement	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


Reports	O
say	O
six	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
have	O
been	O
killed	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
clashes	O
on	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


Earlier	O
,	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
intervened	O
in	O
a	O
confrontation	O
at	O
a	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
site	O
revered	O
by	O
both	O
sides	O
.	O


Control	O
of	O
the	O
shrine	O
has	O
been	O
bitterly	O
disputed	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
police	O
fired	O
tear	O
gas	O
at	O
stone	O
-	O
throwing	O
protesters	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
police	O
kept	O
the	O
clash	O
from	O
escalating	O
.	O


The	O
Mariners	B-ORG
can	O
move	O
on	O
to	O
the	B-EVENT
American	I-EVENT
League	I-EVENT
Champion	I-EVENT
SHN	I-EVENT
Series	I-EVENT
with	O
a	O
win	O
over	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
Sox	I-ORG
this	O
afternoon	O
.	O


Seattle	B-ORG
is	O
obviously	O
upbeat	O
and	O
relaxed	O
after	O
taking	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
games	O
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
think	O
this	O
team	O
is	O
energized	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
feel	O
real	O
good	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
after	O
that	O
Anaheim	B-ORG
series	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
this	O
whole	O
team	O
took	O
a	O
deep	O
breath	O
of	O
relief	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
Okay	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
finally	O
in	O
,	O
Let	O
's	O
go	O
out	O
and	O
do	O
our	O
thing	O
.	O


As	O
long	O
as	O
we	O
go	O
out	O
and	O
have	O
fun	O
and	O
laugh	O
and	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
takes	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
pressure	O
off	O
of	O
everyone	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
key	O
is	O
going	O
out	O
and	O
having	O
fun	O
,	O
laughing	O
and	O
joking	O
around	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
doing	O
the	O
little	O
things	O
that	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
doing	O
all	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Thanks	O
for	O
joining	O
us	O
.	O


Our	O
top	O
story	O
--	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
Saturday	B-DATE
,	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
could	O
officially	O
be	O
under	O
new	O
leadership	O
.	O


Friday	O
,	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
conceded	O
defeat	O
in	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
presidential	O
election	O
and	O
congratulated	O
his	O
successor	O
,	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
.	O


Kostunica	B-PERSON
appeared	O
again	O
Friday	O
on	O
Serbian	B-NORP
television	O
,	O
saying	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
military	O
is	O
agreeing	O
to	O
obey	O
the	O
new	O
democracy	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
said	O
he	O
met	O
face	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	O
with	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
,	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
give	O
details	O
about	O
their	O
discussion	O
.	O


Kostunica	B-PERSON
's	O
inauguration	O
could	O
take	O
place	O
Saturday	B-DATE
if	O
enough	O
parliament	O
members	O
attend	O
a	O
special	O
quorum	O
to	O
swear	O
him	O
in	O
.	O


After	O
congratulating	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
on	O
his	O
win	O
,	O
Russian	B-NORP
Foreign	B-ORG
Minister	O
Igor	B-PERSON
Ivanov	I-PERSON
also	O
met	O
with	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
.	O


Ivanov	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
told	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
needs	O
a	O
peaceful	O
transition	O
of	O
power	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
taped	O
address	O
on	O
Serbian	B-NORP
television	O
,	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
expressed	O
gratitude	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
voted	O
in	O
the	O
election	O
and	O
wished	O
his	O
country	O
success	O
with	O
its	O
new	O
leader	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
he	O
plans	O
to	O
remain	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
and	O
in	O
politics	O
,	O
a	O
move	O
that	O
's	O
being	O
criticized	O
by	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
withdrew	O
its	O
soldiers	O
from	O
a	O
holy	O
site	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
the	O
scene	O
of	O
fierce	O
clashes	O
between	O
Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Responsibility	O
for	O
guarding	O
the	O
site	O
has	O
been	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
authorities	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
border	O
policeman	O
was	O
shot	O
and	O
wounded	O
during	O
the	O
night	O
time	O
evacuation	O
.	O


On	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
stone	O
-	O
throwing	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
confronted	O
Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
protecting	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settlement	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


Reports	O
say	O
six	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
Friday	B-DATE
in	O
clashes	O
on	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


Here	O
's	O
the	O
latest	O
on	O
our	O
top	O
story	O
today	B-DATE
--	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
day	O
of	O
celebration	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
as	O
the	O
country	O
prepares	O
to	O
welcome	O
a	O
new	O
President	O
.	O


An	O
official	O
swearing	O
-	O
in	O
ceremony	O
for	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
should	O
be	O
held	O
later	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
the	O
capital	O
city	O
of	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


Alessio	B-PERSON
Vinci	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
event	O
was	O
scheduled	O
to	O
take	O
place	O
hours	B-TIME
ago	I-TIME
but	O
has	O
been	O
delayed	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
prolonged	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
newly	O
elected	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
parliament	O
.	O


This	O
point	O
we	O
understand	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
chambers	O
are	O
meeting	O
separately	O
because	O
the	O
mandates	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
deputies	O
must	O
be	O
checked	O
out	O
and	O
confronted	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
point	O
we	O
understand	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
problems	O
with	O
some	O
deputies	O
in	O
the	O
upper	O
house	O
of	O
the	O
federal	O
parliament	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
some	O
votes	O
that	O
apparently	O
were	O
counted	O
wrong	O
.	O


Anyway	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
unclear	O
exactly	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
contesting	O
some	O
seats	O
.	O


In	O
that	O
case	O
if	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
chamber	O
can	O
not	O
agree	O
and	O
meet	O
here	O
,	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
until	O
then	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
take	O
his	O
hold	O
.	O


Outgoing	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
had	O
refused	O
to	O
concede	O
defeat	O
in	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
presidential	O
election	O
until	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


Independent	O
observers	O
had	O
declared	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
the	O
winner	O
,	O
but	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
had	O
disputed	O
the	O
result	O
,	O
calling	O
for	O
a	O
run	O
-	O
off	O
.	O


That	O
spurred	O
widespread	O
protests	O
and	O
prompted	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Yugoslavians	B-NORP
to	O
descend	O
on	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
demonstrators	O
were	O
met	O
with	O
tear	O
gas	O
Thursday	B-DATE
as	O
they	O
stormed	O
the	O
parliament	O
building	O
.	O


The	O
protesters	O
also	O
took	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
building	O
containing	O
the	O
state	O
-	O
run	O
television	O
network	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
televised	O
address	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
Milosevic	O
congratulated	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
on	O
his	O
victory	O
and	O
said	O
he	O
will	O
take	O
a	O
break	O
before	O
returning	O
to	O
political	O
life	O
.	O


CNN	B-ORG
has	O
learned	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
's	O
son	O
,	O
daughter	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
and	O
grandson	O
left	O
the	O
country	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
President	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Yugoslav	I-ORG
Pilots	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
says	O
they	O
flew	O
to	O
Moscow	B-GPE
carrying	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
pieces	O
of	O
luggage	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
cancelled	O
all	O
of	O
his	O
plans	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
so	O
he	O
can	O
stay	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
and	O
monitor	O
developments	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


He	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
attend	O
fund	O
-	O
raisers	O
in	O
Ohio	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
morning	O
he	O
spoke	O
to	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
also	O
talked	O
with	O
the	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
President	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
trying	O
to	O
break	O
an	O
impasse	O
between	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
U.N.	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
is	O
considering	O
a	O
resolution	O
condemning	O
what	O
it	O
calls	O
``	O
excessive	O
violence	O
against	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O
''	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
is	O
concerned	O
it	O
could	O
make	O
it	O
more	O
difficult	O
to	O
end	O
the	O
violence	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
wording	O
blames	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


Students	O
at	O
a	O
middle	O
school	O
in	O
Calaveras	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
are	O
getting	O
an	O
unwanted	O
lesson	O
in	O
entomology	O
.	O


Thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
bees	O
have	O
invaded	O
their	O
campus	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
difficult	O
to	O
eat	O
lunch	O
outside	O
and	O
get	O
to	O
class	O
.	O


The	O
bees	O
were	O
traced	O
to	O
60	B-CARDINAL
nearby	O
hives	O
.	O


The	O
county	O
agriculture	O
commissioner	O
has	O
given	O
the	O
beekeeper	O
until	O
Monday	B-DATE
to	O
remove	O
the	O
insects	O
or	O
face	O
fines	O
.	O


Yugoslavians	B-NORP
are	O
waking	O
up	O
today	B-DATE
to	O
a	O
new	O
political	O
landscape	O
.	O


Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
Saturday	B-DATE
was	O
sworn	O
in	O
as	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
new	O
President	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
took	O
the	O
oath	O
of	O
office	O
before	O
parliament	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
acceptance	O
speech	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
democracy	O
is	O
now	O
realized	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
he	O
encouraged	O
members	O
of	O
parliament	O
to	O
put	O
their	O
differences	O
aside	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
work	O
together	O
,	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
our	O
political	O
differences	O
,	O
here	O
in	O
this	O
federal	O
parliament	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
consequences	O
of	O
what	O
has	O
happened	O
will	O
be	O
obvious	O
after	O
a	O
while	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
are	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
surprised	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
now	O
I	O
sometimes	O
think	O
it	O
looks	O
like	O
a	O
dream	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
reality	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
good	O
.	O


Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
stormed	O
parliament	O
,	O
demanding	O
former	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
admit	O
defeat	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
's	O
presidential	O
election	O
and	O
leave	O
office	O
.	O


He	O
agreed	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
a	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
but	O
is	O
vowing	O
to	O
remain	O
active	O
in	O
politics	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
President	O
of	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
is	O
preparing	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
new	O
government	O
.	O


Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
is	O
meeting	O
with	O
his	O
team	O
today	B-DATE
with	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
getting	O
rid	O
of	O
as	O
many	O
old	O
faces	O
as	O
possible	O
while	O
placating	O
those	O
still	O
loyal	O
to	O
ousted	O
leader	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
.	O


Kostunica	O
says	O
he	O
wo	O
n't	O
turn	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
over	O
to	O
a	O
tribunal	O
in	O
The	B-GPE
Netherlands	I-GPE
where	O
he	O
was	O
indicted	O
as	O
a	O
war	O
criminal	O
.	O


Checking	O
our	O
top	O
stories	O
--	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
has	O
reiterated	O
his	O
threat	O
to	O
take	O
action	O
against	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
if	O
violence	O
does	O
not	O
stop	O
by	O
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
says	O
Palestinian	B-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
President	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
has	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
halt	O
the	O
clashes	O
.	O


Palestinians	B-NORP
blame	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
for	O
igniting	O
the	O
tensions	O
.	O


First	O
Lady	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
and	O
Representative	O
Rick	B-PERSON
Lazio	I-PERSON
debate	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
their	O
race	O
for	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
Senate	B-ORG
seat	O
.	O


Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
new	O
President	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
government	O
without	O
support	O
from	O
his	O
supporters	O
.	O


Milosevic	B-PERSON
himself	O
has	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
remain	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
political	O
force	O
.	O


Former	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Boris	B-PERSON
Yeltsin	I-PERSON
takes	O
readers	O
behind	O
closed	O
doors	O
at	O
the	O
Kremlin	B-FAC
in	O
his	O
new	O
book	O
.	O


Yeltsin	B-PERSON
writes	O
in	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
Midnight	I-WORK_OF_ART
Diaries	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
that	O
he	O
received	O
intelligence	O
reports	O
about	O
the	O
Monica	B-PERSON
Lewinsky	I-PERSON
scandal	O
before	O
it	O
went	O
public	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
chose	O
not	O
to	O
warn	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
says	O
he	O
``	O
thought	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
could	O
handle	O
it	O
himself	O
.	O
''	O


Yeltsin	B-PERSON
also	O
admits	O
he	O
was	O
drunk	O
when	O
he	O
grabbed	O
a	O
baton	O
and	O
struck	O
up	O
a	O
military	O
orchestra	O
in	O
Berlin	B-GPE
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Former	O
NFL	B-ORG
star	O
Dan	B-PERSON
Marino	I-PERSON
is	O
presiding	O
as	O
the	O
grand	O
marshal	O
of	O
the	O
annual	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
Columbus	B-DATE
Day	I-DATE
parade	O
.	O


Marino	B-PERSON
is	O
leading	O
a	O
star	O
-	O
studded	O
political	O
cast	O
,	O
including	O
Mayor	O
Rudy	B-PERSON
Giuliani	I-PERSON
and	O
former	O
presidential	O
candidate	O
John	B-PERSON
M	I-PERSON
Cain	I-PERSON
.	O


U.S.	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
hopefuls	O
Rick	B-PERSON
Lazio	I-PERSON
and	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
are	O
marching	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


The	O
parade	O
route	O
was	O
altered	O
this	O
year	O
to	O
avoid	O
disturbing	O
worshipers	O
at	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
temple	O
during	O
the	O
observance	O
of	O
Yom	B-DATE
Kippur	I-DATE
.	O


Hello	O
from	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
.	O


Our	O
top	O
story	O
this	B-TIME
half	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
--	O
the	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Secretary	O
-	O
General	O
says	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
``	O
delicate	O
and	O
acute	O
diplomacy	O
''	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
for	O
a	O
marathon	O
of	O
talks	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
officials	O
in	O
a	O
bid	O
to	O
end	O
violence	O
that	O
has	O
left	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
dead	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
13	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
met	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
today	B-DATE
.	O


Overnight	B-TIME
,	O
Barak	B-PERSON
gave	O
Palestinian	B-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
more	O
time	O
to	O
curb	O
the	O
violence	O
by	O
extending	O
the	O
deadline	O
for	O
the	O
fighting	O
to	O
stop	O
.	O


Annan	B-PERSON
also	O
met	O
with	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
and	O
offered	O
proposals	O
for	O
ending	O
the	O
crisis	O
.	O


Russian	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Igor	B-PERSON
Ivanov	I-PERSON
joined	O
those	O
discussions	O
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
's	O
ready	O
to	O
accept	O
a	O
commission	O
to	O
look	O
into	O
the	O
causes	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
clashes	O
,	O
an	O
outside	O
commission	O
.	O


The	O
U.N.	B-ORG
Secretary	O
-	O
General	O
urged	O
both	O
sides	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
violence	O
and	O
continue	O
on	O
the	O
path	O
to	O
permanent	O
peace	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
need	O
a	O
relative	O
calm	O
to	O
work	O
out	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
should	O
avoid	O
any	O
statements	O
or	O
anything	O
,	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
,	O
that	O
will	O
lead	O
to	O
tension	O
on	O
either	O
side	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
are	O
in	O
a	O
merd	O
of	O
delicate	O
and	O
acute	O
diplomacy	O
.	O


Diplomacy	O
by	O
coercion	O
does	O
n't	O
work	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
sides	O
should	O
not	O
make	O
statements	O
that	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
inflame	O
.	O


Clashes	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
have	O
left	O
scores	O
injured	O
and	O
almost	B-CARDINAL
90	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Hanna	I-PERSON
joins	O
us	O
with	O
the	O
latest	O
from	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
.	O


Once	O
again	O
,	O
here	O
in	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
,	O
confrontation	O
,	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
demonstrators	O
coming	O
up	O
against	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
.	O


Throughout	O
the	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
,	O
the	O
security	O
forces	O
have	O
been	O
firing	O
rubber	O
-	O
coated	O
steel	O
bullets	O
,	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
using	O
concussion	O
grenades	O
and	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
firing	O
tear	O
gas	O
into	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
crowd	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
responding	O
with	O
stones	O
and	O
on	O
occasion	O
,	O
fire	O
bombs	O
.	O


What	O
happened	O
on	O
this	B-DATE
particular	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
funeral	O
was	O
held	O
for	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
was	O
allegedly	O
beaten	O
to	O
death	O
by	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settlers	O
.	O


The	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
attended	O
this	O
funeral	O
here	O
in	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
and	O
came	O
down	O
to	O
this	O
particular	O
point	O
where	O
there	O
was	O
another	O
confrontation	O
with	O
security	O
forces	O
,	O
one	O
that	O
has	O
occurred	O
numerous	O
times	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
13	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Out	O
of	O
this	O
particular	O
conflict	O
here	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
hospital	O
in	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
tells	O
us	O
they	O
have	O
,	O
admitted	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
who	O
were	O
taking	O
part	O
in	O
that	O
demonstration	O
.	O


Of	O
those	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
,	O
four	B-CARDINAL
people	O
had	O
been	O
wounded	O
with	O
sharp	O
-	O
point	O
high	O
velocity	O
ammunition	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
regular	O
bullets	O
,	O
not	O
rubber	O
-	O
coated	O
steel	O
bullets	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
those	O
admitted	O
have	O
been	O
injured	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
hospital	O
authorities	O
with	O
regular	O
bullets	O
.	O


Earlier	O
on	O
,	O
I	O
spoke	O
to	O
the	O
authorities	O
,	O
was	O
provided	O
with	O
statistics	O
that	O
indicate	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
13	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
those	O
admitted	O
had	O
been	O
treated	O
for	O
injuries	O
skin	O
with	O
the	O
high	O
velocity	O
regular	O
bullets	O
,	O
a	O
disturbing	O
fact	O
indeed	O
.	O


One	O
must	O
point	O
out	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
relative	O
quiet	O
,	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
high	O
intensity	O
of	O
violence	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
seen	O
,	O
but	O
here	O
at	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
far	O
northern	O
border	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
,	O
once	O
again	O
there	O
's	O
confrontation	O
tags	O
and	O
conflict	O
.	O


Here	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
,	O
no	O
sign	O
of	O
any	O
cessation	O
of	O
hostilities	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Hanna	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
major	O
turning	O
point	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
China	B-GPE
relations	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
expected	O
to	O
sign	O
a	O
bill	O
today	B-DATE
granting	O
China	B-GPE
permanent	O
normal	O
trade	O
relations	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


He	O
has	O
invited	O
key	O
members	O
of	O
Congress	B-ORG
to	O
a	O
signing	O
ceremony	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
measure	O
will	O
end	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
review	O
,	O
and	O
guarantees	O
China	B-GPE
the	O
low	O
tariffs	O
almost	O
all	O
other	O
nations	O
receive	O
.	O


In	O
exchange	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
open	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
markets	O
.	O


That	O
clears	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
Beijing	B-GPE
to	O
join	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
House	B-ORG
passed	O
the	O
bill	O
in	O
May	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Analysts	O
'	O
downgrades	O
in	O
the	O
semiconductor	O
sector	O
have	O
sent	O
chipmaker	O
stocks	O
plunging	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


That	O
is	O
n't	O
keeping	O
IBM	B-ORG
from	O
expanding	O
its	O
chip	O
operations	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
investing	O
$	B-MONEY
2.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	O
build	O
an	O
advanced	O
semiconductor	O
plan	O
,	O
about	B-QUANTITY
60	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
north	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


An	O
additional	O
$	B-MONEY
2.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
will	O
go	O
toward	O
improvements	O
at	O
IBM	B-ORG
chip	O
plants	O
in	O
Vermont	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Scattered	O
clashes	O
were	O
reported	O
between	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
protesters	O
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
,	O
despite	O
intense	O
diplomatic	O
efforts	O
to	O
stop	O
that	O
.	O


Palestinians	B-NORP
say	O
a	O
17	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
protester	O
was	O
killed	O
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
gunfire	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
a	O
16	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
boy	O
died	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
,	O
protesters	O
set	O
fire	O
to	O
tires	O
before	O
being	O
driven	O
back	O
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
.	O


U.N.	B-GPE
Secretary	O
-	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
met	O
today	B-DATE
with	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
.	O


Annan	B-PERSON
returned	O
to	O
Gaza	B-GPE
after	O
meeting	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
consulting	O
by	O
phone	O
with	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
.	O


Arafat	B-PERSON
is	O
pushing	O
Annan	B-PERSON
to	O
appoint	O
an	O
international	O
commission	O
to	O
look	O
into	O
the	O
violence	O
.	O


A	O
leading	O
Chinese	B-NORP
pharmaceutical	O
company	O
will	O
manufacture	O
the	O
Ru	B-PRODUCT
abortion	O
pill	O
for	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
market	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Food	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Drug	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
approved	O
the	O
pill	O
two	O
weeks	O
ago	O
,	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
disclose	O
the	O
drugmakers	O
'	O
identity	O
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
company	O
has	O
been	O
manufacturing	O
Ru	B-PRODUCT
for	O
at	O
least	O
seven	O
years	O
.	O


For	O
more	O
business	O
and	O
consumer	O
news	O
,	O
click	O
on	O
to	O
cnnfn.com	O
.	O


Yemen	B-GPE
is	O
again	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
a	O
possible	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
.	O


Early	B-TIME
this	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
an	O
explosion	O
shattered	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
embassy	O
and	O
neighboring	O
buildings	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
's	O
capital	O
.	O


Embassy	O
officials	O
say	O
no	O
one	O
was	O
hurt	O
.	O


The	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
blast	O
is	O
not	O
immediately	O
known	O
,	O
but	O
British	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Secretary	O
Robin	B-PERSON
Cook	I-PERSON
says	O
it	O
appears	O
a	O
bomb	O
was	O
thrown	O
over	O
a	O
wall	O
into	O
the	O
embassy	O
area	O
.	O


Cook	B-PERSON
tells	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
Sky	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
the	O
bomb	O
seems	O
to	O
have	O
landed	O
close	O
to	O
a	O
diesel	O
generator	O
,	O
causing	O
a	O
large	O
explosion	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
the	O
blast	O
seems	O
more	O
opportunistic	O
than	O
professional	O
.	O


Violence	O
is	O
flaring	O
again	O
today	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


At	O
a	O
checkpoint	O
near	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
opened	O
fire	O
with	O
machine	O
guns	O
when	O
someone	O
apparently	O
shot	O
at	O
them	O
from	O
a	O
nearby	O
building	O
.	O


A	O
police	O
station	O
in	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
targets	O
of	O
Israeli	B-NORP
helicopter	O
strikes	O
yesterday	B-DATE
after	O
a	O
mob	O
beat	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
to	O
death	O
.	O


The	O
soldiers	O
had	O
been	O
taken	O
to	O
the	O
station	O
after	O
apparently	O
inadvertently	O
taking	O
a	O
wrong	O
turn	O
.	O


In	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
scuffled	O
with	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
near	O
the	B-FAC
Al	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
aksa	I-FAC
Mosque	I-FAC
.	O


Only	O
worshipers	O
older	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
45	I-DATE
are	O
being	O
allowed	O
into	O
the	O
mosque	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
police	O
are	O
keeping	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
young	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
away	O
from	O
the	O
shrine	O
.	O


100	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Arabs	I-NORP
,	O
have	O
died	O
in	O
violent	O
clashes	O
that	O
began	O
September	B-DATE
when	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Likud	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
leader	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
visited	O
the	O
area	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
sacred	O
to	O
both	O
Muslims	B-NORP
and	O
Jews	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
violence	O
did	O
continue	O
Friday	B-DATE
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
during	O
a	O
gun	O
battle	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
.	O


In	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
,	O
witnesses	O
said	O
Israeli	B-NORP
police	O
seized	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Arab	B-NORP
teens	O
throwing	O
stones	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
U.S.	I-FAC
Consulate	I-FAC
and	O
hit	O
them	O
while	O
holding	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
chokehold	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
tank	O
crews	O
also	O
fired	O
machine	O
guns	O
into	O
a	O
crowd	O
during	O
a	O
clash	O
with	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
in	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
.	O


No	O
casualties	O
were	O
reported	O
.	O


In	O
Gaza	B-GPE
,	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
police	O
say	O
demonstrators	O
set	O
fire	O
to	O
several	O
buildings	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
liquor	O
store	O
,	O
several	O
bars	O
and	O
a	O
hotel	O
.	O


Nearly	B-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
in	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
clashes	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
victims	O
are	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
new	O
President	O
,	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
,	O
is	O
still	O
having	O
trouble	O
consolidating	O
his	O
power	O
.	O


Kostunica	B-PERSON
's	O
supporters	O
and	O
allies	O
of	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
failed	O
to	O
agree	O
today	B-DATE
on	O
a	O
transitional	O
government	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
election	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
main	O
republic	O
,	O
Serbia	B-GPE
.	O


Kostunica	B-PERSON
is	O
enjoying	O
more	O
success	O
abroad	O
.	O


He	O
got	O
some	O
support	O
today	B-DATE
as	O
he	O
attended	O
a	O
summit	O
of	O
European	B-ORG
Union	I-ORG
leaders	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
EU	B-ORG
promised	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
$	B-MONEY
175	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
aid	O
without	O
attaching	O
conditions	O
.	O


Crew	O
members	O
injured	O
in	O
the	O
explosion	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
are	O
coming	O
home	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
sailors	O
left	O
Ramstein	B-FAC
Air	I-FAC
Base	I-FAC
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
34	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
hurt	O
,	O
are	O
being	O
reunited	O
with	O
family	O
in	O
Norfolk	B-GPE
,	O
Virginia	B-GPE
,	O
before	O
moving	O
on	O
to	O
a	O
naval	O
hospital	O
for	O
further	O
treatment	O
.	O


Sailors	O
still	O
aboard	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
paused	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
for	O
a	O
memorial	O
service	O
honoring	O
the	O
17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
who	O
died	O
in	O
the	O
blast	O
.	O


The	O
dead	O
will	O
be	O
honored	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
at	O
a	O
memorial	O
service	O
in	O
Norfolk	B-GPE
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
plans	O
to	O
attend	O
.	O


The	O
bodies	O
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
victims	O
arrived	O
back	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
yesterday	B-DATE
at	O
Dover	B-FAC
Air	I-FAC
Force	I-FAC
Base	I-FAC
in	O
Delaware	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
a	O
political	O
stop	O
in	O
Denver	B-GPE
,	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
said	O
all	O
Americans	B-NORP
owe	O
the	O
sailors	O
a	O
debt	O
of	O
thanks	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
just	O
good	O
American	B-NORP
citizens	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
saw	O
in	O
your	O
local	O
press	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
very	O
young	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
them	O
trying	O
to	O
find	O
their	O
way	O
in	O
life	O
by	O
serving	O
their	O
country	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
should	O
all	O
be	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
grateful	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Experts	O
say	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
accurate	O
or	O
useful	O
way	O
to	O
profile	O
the	O
personality	O
of	O
a	O
child	O
that	O
might	O
commit	O
violent	O
acts	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
study	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Secret	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
on	O
school	O
violence	O
.	O


It	O
shows	O
that	O
attackers	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
who	O
killed	O
13	B-CARDINAL
people	O
at	O
Columbine	B-ORG
High	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
Colorado	B-GPE
,	O
come	O
from	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
family	O
and	O
ethnic	O
backgrounds	O
.	O


Academic	O
performance	O
ranged	O
from	O
excellent	O
to	O
failure	O
.	O


Some	O
--	O
so	O
far	O
only	O
boys	O
,	O
were	O
considered	O
loners	O
,	O
others	O
popular	O
.	O


Behavioral	O
problems	O
were	O
common	O
among	O
some	O
children	O
,	O
but	O
others	O
had	O
no	O
such	O
history	O
.	O


Experts	O
say	O
the	O
study	O
's	O
information	O
is	O
still	O
useful	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
really	O
a	O
fact	O
-	O
based	O
report	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
these	O
facts	O
,	O
a	O
school	O
can	O
move	O
out	O
and	O
actually	O
do	O
prevention	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
that	O
prevention	O
is	O
to	O
realize	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
boys	O
out	O
there	O
who	O
are	O
in	O
pain	O
who	O
will	O
just	O
mention	O
it	O
slightly	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
afraid	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
school	O
can	O
do	O
something	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
respond	O
in	O
a	O
supportive	O
shame	O
-	O
free	O
way	O
and	O
help	O
that	O
boy	O
out	O
before	O
he	O
moves	O
on	O
to	O
targeted	O
violence	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
saying	O
,	O
Boys	O
will	O
be	O
boys	O
or	O
all	O
boys	O
say	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
so	O
let	O
's	O
just	O
forget	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
study	O
also	O
found	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
the	O
students	O
who	O
perpetrated	O
attacks	O
were	O
motivated	O
by	O
revenge	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
gun	O
use	O
.	O


Our	O
top	O
story	O
is	O
a	O
summit	O
with	O
a	O
daunting	O
task	O
--	O
how	O
to	O
end	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
violence	O
that	O
has	O
killed	O
100	B-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
expected	O
to	O
leave	O
for	O
Egypt	B-GPE
,	O
site	O
of	O
the	O
summit	O
,	O
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
.	O


He	O
'll	O
join	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
President	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
tomorrow	B-TIME
at	O
what	O
's	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
meeting	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
says	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
summit	O
is	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
violence	O
,	O
agree	O
on	O
a	O
``	O
fact	O
finding	O
mechanism	O
''	O
to	O
look	O
into	O
what	O
caused	O
the	O
unrest	O
and	O
get	O
back	O
on	O
the	O
peace	O
track	O
.	O


United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
today	B-DATE
discussed	O
plans	O
for	O
the	O
summit	O
with	O
the	O
host	O
,	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
President	O
Hosni	B-PERSON
Mubarak	I-PERSON
.	O


Afterwards	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
the	O
crisis	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
was	O
a	O
threat	O
with	O
implications	O
beyond	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
with	O
possible	O
negative	O
effects	O
on	O
oil	O
prices	O
and	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
.	O


Both	O
sides	O
are	O
pessimistic	O
about	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
the	O
summit	O
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
told	O
his	O
cabinet	O
he	O
believes	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leadership	O
is	O
not	O
ready	O
to	O
make	O
compromises	O
that	O
would	O
bring	O
lasting	O
peace	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
U.S.	B-GPE
help	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
crucial	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
that	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
violence	O
could	O
be	O
accomplished	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
should	O
be	O
accomplished	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
mechanism	O
for	O
making	O
kind	O
of	O
tighter	O
control	O
,	O
maybe	O
American	B-NORP
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
,	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
mechanism	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
the	O
security	O
understandings	O
are	O
working	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
leaders	O
are	O
also	O
issuing	O
a	O
bleak	O
forecast	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
senior	O
negotiator	O
urged	O
everyone	O
not	O
to	O
have	O
high	O
expectations	O
.	O


A	O
Palestinian	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
member	O
says	O
anger	O
is	O
growing	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
language	O
betrays	O
a	O
sort	O
of	O
racist	O
mentality	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
view	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
people	O
as	O
either	O
a	O
regimented	O
army	O
or	O
a	O
herd	O
of	O
sheep	O
to	O
be	O
given	O
orders	O
and	O
to	O
be	O
led	O
blindly	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
people	O
have	O
a	O
will	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
been	O
long	O
victimized	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
suffered	O
under	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
and	O
under	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
occupation	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
which	O
is	O
most	O
brutal	O
and	O
violent	O
.	O


The	O
Israelis	B-NORP
have	O
been	O
using	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
as	O
a	O
cover	O
to	O
perpetuate	O
the	O
occupation	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
the	O
feelings	O
of	O
grievance	O
,	O
anger	O
,	O
justice	O
,	O
and	O
victimization	O
have	O
been	O
breaking	O
up	O
.	O


A	O
memorial	O
service	O
is	O
under	O
way	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Norfolk	I-FAC
Naval	I-FAC
Air	I-FAC
Station	I-FAC
for	O
the	O
17	B-CARDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
sailors	O
killed	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
terrorist	O
bombing	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


The	O
service	O
is	O
being	O
held	O
at	O
pier	O
12	B-CARDINAL
in	O
the	O
shadow	O
of	O
docked	O
warships	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
took	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
memorial	O
,	O
accompanied	O
by	O
Defense	B-ORG
Secretary	O
William	B-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
and	O
Joint	B-ORG
Chiefs	I-ORG
chairman	O
General	O
Hugh	B-PERSON
Shelton	I-PERSON
.	O


Also	O
present	O
are	O
several	O
of	O
the	O
39	B-CARDINAL
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
crew	O
members	O
who	O
were	O
wounded	O
in	O
the	O
blast	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
met	O
privately	O
with	O
those	O
sailors	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
to	O
thank	O
them	O
for	O
their	O
service	O
to	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
vowing	O
that	O
those	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
bombing	O
will	O
be	O
brought	O
to	O
justice	O
.	O


To	O
those	O
who	O
attacked	O
them	O
,	O
we	O
say	O
,	O
You	O
will	O
not	O
find	O
a	O
safe	O
harbor	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
find	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
justice	O
will	O
prevail	O
.	O


America	B-GPE
will	O
not	O
stop	O
standing	O
guard	O
for	O
peace	O
or	O
freedom	O
or	O
stability	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
and	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
attack	O
took	O
place	O
as	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
was	O
refueling	O
at	O
Aden	B-GPE
,	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
explosion	O
blew	O
a	O
foot	B-QUANTITY
hole	O
in	O
the	O
midsection	O
of	O
the	O
destroyer	O
.	O


FBI	B-ORG
director	O
Louis	B-PERSON
Freeh	I-PERSON
is	O
flying	O
to	O
Yemen	B-GPE
to	O
meet	O
with	O
the	O
investigators	O
who	O
are	O
working	O
to	O
determine	O
who	O
was	O
responsible	O
.	O


Yemeni	B-NORP
authorities	O
questioned	O
members	O
of	O
Islamic	B-NORP
militant	O
groups	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
investigators	O
said	O
significant	O
leads	O
had	O
been	O
developed	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
tell	O
CNN	B-ORG
bomb	O
-	O
making	O
materials	O
were	O
found	O
at	O
an	O
apartment	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
but	O
gave	O
no	O
details	O
.	O


Evidence	O
gathered	O
by	O
the	O
investigators	O
is	O
being	O
sent	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
for	O
analysis	O
at	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
crime	O
lab	O
.	O


New	O
violence	O
was	O
reported	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
,	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
brokered	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
between	O
Israel	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
clashes	O
took	O
place	O
as	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Palestinian	B-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
reaffirmed	O
its	O
commitment	O
to	O
the	O
truce	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
is	O
to	O
withdraw	O
its	O
forces	O
from	O
several	O
areas	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
official	O
says	O
his	O
country	O
would	O
honor	O
the	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
even	O
if	O
sporadic	O
rock	O
-	O
throwing	O
continues	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
intelligence	O
agents	O
have	O
captured	O
16	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
believed	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
mob	O
killings	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
.	O


Sources	O
tell	O
CNN	B-ORG
the	O
suspects	O
were	O
arrested	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
town	O
of	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
and	O
taken	O
back	O
to	O
Israel	B-GPE
for	O
trial	O
.	O


The	O
murdered	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
became	O
lost	O
after	O
making	O
a	O
wrong	O
turn	O
.	O


When	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
police	O
took	O
them	O
to	O
a	O
police	O
station	O
in	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
mob	O
overran	O
the	O
station	O
and	O
killed	O
them	O
,	O
throwing	O
one	B-CARDINAL
soldier	O
's	O
body	O
from	O
a	O
window	O
.	O


The	O
Senate	B-ORG
has	O
overwhelmingly	O
approved	O
an	O
agriculture	O
spending	O
bill	O
that	O
includes	O
a	O
provision	O
to	O
ease	O
trade	O
sanctions	O
against	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
measure	O
allows	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
food	O
and	O
medicine	O
to	O
Cuba	B-GPE
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
40	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
prohibits	O
public	O
or	O
private	O
U.S.	B-GPE
financial	O
institutions	O
from	O
financing	O
the	O
sales	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
Cuba	B-GPE
will	O
have	O
to	O
pay	O
cash	O
or	O
get	O
credit	O
from	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
country	O
to	O
buy	O
U.S.	B-GPE
products	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
said	O
he	O
will	O
sign	O
it	O
.	O


In	O
Havana	B-GPE
,	O
800,000	B-CARDINAL
Cubans	B-NORP
,	O
led	O
by	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
,	O
marched	O
in	O
protest	O
.	O


They	O
insist	O
the	O
bill	O
would	O
actually	O
toughen	O
the	O
embargo	O
,	O
primarily	O
by	O
making	O
U.S.	B-GPE
travel	O
to	O
the	O
island	O
more	O
difficult	O
.	O


Rules	O
that	O
generally	O
ban	O
tourism	O
to	O
Cuba	B-GPE
would	O
become	O
law	O
.	O


Violence	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
has	O
claimed	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
today	B-DATE
.	O


All	O
were	O
shot	O
dead	O
in	O
skirmishes	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
violence	O
erupted	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
a	O
48	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
which	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
pave	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
a	O
resumption	O
of	O
peace	O
talks	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
's	O
acting	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
says	O
his	O
nation	O
is	O
hoping	O
to	O
renew	O
those	O
talks	O
,	O
but	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
is	O
taking	O
no	O
chances	O
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
will	O
proceed	O
with	O
plans	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
national	O
government	O
of	O
emergency	O
.	O


A	O
one	O
-	O
time	O
federal	O
judge	O
who	O
has	O
seen	O
the	O
law	O
from	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
bench	O
is	O
now	O
hoping	O
to	O
keep	O
his	O
job	O
making	O
laws	O
.	O


Bob	B-PERSON
Glascoff	I-PERSON
has	O
the	O
story	O
in	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
edition	O
of	O
``	O
Headliners	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


On	O
October	B-DATE
1989	I-DATE
,	O
Judge	O
Alcee	B-PERSON
Hastings	I-PERSON
is	O
convicted	O
of	O
perjury	O
and	O
conspiracy	O
and	O
impeached	O
by	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
.	O


Appointed	O
to	O
the	O
federal	O
bench	O
in	O
1979	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
was	O
charged	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
with	O
conspiracy	O
to	O
accept	O
a	O
bribe	O
in	O
a	O
case	O
he	O
presided	O
over	O
in	O
Miami	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
was	O
acquitted	O
by	O
a	O
jury	O
in	O
1983	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
judges	O
reopened	O
the	O
case	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
accusing	O
him	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
original	O
crime	O
and	O
lying	O
about	O
it	O
under	O
oath	O
.	O


The	O
House	B-ORG
impeached	O
him	O
and	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
convicted	O
and	O
removed	O
Hastings	B-PERSON
from	O
office	O
in	O
1989	B-DATE
.	O


Three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
his	O
conviction	O
was	O
reversed	O
.	O


Two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
after	I-DATE
that	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
was	O
elected	O
to	O
a	O
newly	O
drawn	O
district	O
in	O
Ft.	B-GPE
Lauderdale	I-GPE
.	O


He	O
is	O
currently	O
serving	O
his	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
term	O
in	O
office	O
and	O
is	O
up	O
for	O
re-election	O
this	O
fall	O
.	O


With	O
``	O
Headliners	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
I	O
'm	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Glascoff	I-PERSON
.	O


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
passed	O
a	O
resolution	O
criticizing	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
actions	O
in	O
the	O
dispute	O
.	O


The	O
resolution	O
also	O
calls	O
for	O
an	O
immediate	O
end	O
to	O
the	O
violence	O
and	O
a	O
resumption	O
of	O
peace	O
talks	O
.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
six	B-CARDINAL
nations	O
that	O
voted	O
against	O
the	O
measure	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
died	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
fighting	O
,	O
almost	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
or	O
Arab	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Israelis	I-NORP
.	O


The	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
is	O
revising	O
the	O
timeline	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


It	O
says	O
the	O
explosion	O
happened	O
more	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
after	O
the	O
ship	O
was	O
tied	O
to	O
a	O
fuel	O
dock	O
,	O
not	O
during	O
the	O
mooring	O
operation	O
,	O
as	O
previously	O
thought	O
.	O


Some	O
wonder	O
then	O
,	O
how	O
the	O
terrorists	O
'	O
boat	O
could	O
have	O
escaped	O
notice	O
,	O
since	O
there	O
should	O
have	O
been	O
no	O
other	O
boats	O
near	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


The	O
Navy	B-ORG
says	O
the	O
sailors	O
may	O
have	O
thought	O
the	O
small	O
boat	O
was	O
there	O
to	O
help	O
free	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
from	O
lines	O
tying	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
fuel	O
dock	O
.	O


Officials	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
say	O
they	O
found	O
bomb	O
-	O
making	O
materials	O
at	O
a	O
nearby	O
apartment	O
.	O


FBI	B-ORG
agents	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
have	O
taken	O
swabs	O
of	O
explosive	O
residue	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
apartment	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
sent	O
them	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
for	O
analysis	O
.	O


The	O
weekly	B-DATE
Republican	B-NORP
radio	O
address	O
focused	O
on	O
energy	O
and	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O


Michigan	B-GPE
Governor	O
John	B-PERSON
Engler	I-PERSON
said	O
disruptions	O
in	O
energy	O
supplies	O
have	O
shaken	O
the	O
economy	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
generation	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
says	O
the	O
decision	O
to	O
tap	O
into	O
the	O
national	O
strategic	O
petroleum	O
reserve	O
to	O
meet	O
anticipated	O
shortages	O
is	O
a	O
mistake	O
.	O


The	O
petroleum	O
reserve	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
political	O
reserve	O
.	O


A	O
aradiant	O
wo	O
n't	O
lower	O
fuel	O
prices	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
run	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
will	O
make	O
our	O
nation	O
more	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
foreign	O
producers	O
.	O


Engler	B-PERSON
says	O
the	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
administration	O
has	O
failed	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
coherent	O
energy	O
policy	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
increased	O
dependence	O
on	O
imported	O
oil	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
is	O
calling	O
for	O
an	O
official	O
``	O
timeout	O
''	O
in	O
peace	O
talks	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
decision	O
was	O
announced	O
following	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
cabinet	O
meeting	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
did	O
n't	O
say	O
when	O
the	O
time	O
-	O
out	O
would	O
begin	O
.	O


The	O
statement	O
from	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
office	O
said	O
Israel	B-GPE
needed	O
a	O
timeout	O
to	O
``	O
reassess	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
continuing	O
violence	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
bodies	O
of	O
the	O
final	O
four	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
recovered	O
from	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
are	O
returning	O
home	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


A	O
plane	O
carrying	O
the	O
remains	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
arrive	O
at	O
Dover	B-FAC
Air	I-FAC
Force	I-FAC
Base	I-FAC
in	O
Delaware	B-GPE
later	B-TIME
this	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


A	O
brief	O
ceremony	O
will	O
be	O
held	O
afterward	O
.	O


17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
were	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
apparent	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
at	O
a	O
port	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
ten	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Madeleine	B-PERSON
Albright	I-PERSON
is	O
heading	O
to	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
today	B-DATE
to	O
meet	O
with	O
leader	O
Kim	B-PERSON
Jong	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
il	I-PERSON
.	O


She	O
'll	O
be	O
first	B-ORDINAL
U.S.	B-ORG
Cabinet	I-ORG
Member	O
ever	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
is	O
trying	O
to	O
reduce	O
tension	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
seek	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
missile	O
programs	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
visit	O
goes	O
well	O
,	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
could	O
visit	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
before	O
his	O
term	O
ends	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
told	O
his	O
Cabinet	B-ORG
he	O
would	O
declare	O
a	O
``	O
time	O
-	O
out	O
''	O
to	O
re-evaluate	O
the	O
Mideast	B-LOC
peace	O
process	O
,	O
in	O
light	O
of	O
recent	O
events	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
Israel	B-GPE
will	O
continue	O
to	O
pursue	O
peace	O
and	O
every	O
path	O
that	O
leads	O
to	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
say	O
when	O
the	O
time	O
-	O
out	O
would	O
begin	O
or	O
how	O
long	O
it	O
would	O
last	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
continuing	O
his	O
long	O
-	O
distance	O
diplomatic	O
efforts	O
.	O


He	O
spoke	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
today	B-DATE
,	O
urging	O
a	O
full	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
agreement	O
reached	O
at	O
the	O
emergency	O
summit	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
spoke	O
with	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
's	O
urging	O
both	O
sides	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
the	O
negotiating	O
table	O
``	O
sooner	O
rather	O
than	O
later	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
bodies	O
of	O
the	O
final	O
four	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
recovered	O
from	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
returned	O
home	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


A	O
plane	O
carrying	O
the	O
remains	O
arrived	O
at	O
Dover	B-FAC
Air	I-FAC
Force	I-FAC
Base	I-FAC
in	O
Delaware	B-GPE
.	O


17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
were	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
apparent	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
at	O
a	O
port	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
ten	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
investigation	O
into	O
the	O
bombing	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
is	O
turning	O
up	O
new	O
leads	O
every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
identities	O
of	O
the	O
culprits	O
remain	O
unknown	O
.	O


Walter	B-PERSON
Rodgers	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


A	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
fishing	O
boat	O
passes	O
the	O
crippled	O
destroyer	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
.	O


With	O
no	B-ORG
Coast	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
and	O
2,000	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
of	O
coastline	O
,	O
Yemen	B-GPE
appears	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
an	O
ideal	O
location	O
to	O
strike	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
warship	O
in	O
port	O
to	O
refuel	O
.	O


Historically	O
boats	O
get	O
in	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
these	O
waters	O
easily	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
long	O
tradition	O
of	O
smuggling	O
here	O
and	O
privately	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
do	O
not	O
believe	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
was	O
hatched	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
elsewhere	O
in	O
the	O
Islamic	B-NORP
world	O
.	O


Navy	B-ORG
divers	O
are	O
still	O
working	O
the	O
waters	O
trying	O
to	O
recover	O
clues	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
sources	O
,	O
looking	O
for	O
the	O
body	O
parts	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
pilotted	O
a	O
small	O
boat	O
into	O
the	O
port	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
nearly	O
sinking	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
we	O
are	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
from	O
any	O
conclusions	O
,	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
from	O
preliminary	O
conclusions	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
rumors	O
going	O
around	O
,	O
speculation	O
going	O
around	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
no	O
conclusions	O
yet	O
.	O


About	B-QUANTITY
six	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
from	O
the	O
crippled	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
U.S.	B-GPE
investigators	O
have	O
pitched	O
tents	O
instant	O
crime	O
labs	O
along	O
the	O
boat	O
ramp	O
from	O
which	O
the	O
suicide	O
attack	O
was	O
launched	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
house	O
where	O
the	O
explosive	O
device	O
was	O
believed	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
FBI	B-ORG
agents	O
have	O
removed	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
evidence	O
.	O


Yemeni	B-NORP
police	O
also	O
believe	O
they	O
have	O
found	O
three	B-CARDINAL
other	O
locations	O
in	O
this	O
neighborhood	O
also	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
bombers	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
the	O
investigation	O
is	O
still	O
limited	O
to	O
this	O
port	O
city	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
official	O
said	O
the	O
numbers	O
of	O
those	O
detained	O
or	O
being	O
questioned	O
is	O
now	O
in	O
three	B-CARDINAL
figures	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
still	O
way	O
too	O
early	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
American	B-NORP
retaliation	O
for	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
still	O
not	O
known	O
who	O
to	O
retaliate	O
against	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
senior	O
official	O
here	O
``	O
no	O
one	O
has	O
ever	O
seen	O
an	O
operation	O
quite	O
like	O
this	O
before	O
.	O
''	O


Walter	B-PERSON
Rodgers	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
Aden	B-GPE
,	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
has	O
met	O
with	O
the	O
opposition	O
Likud	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
leader	O
to	O
discuss	O
forming	O
a	O
unity	O
government	O
.	O


Palestinians	B-NORP
are	O
warning	O
against	O
such	O
a	O
coalition	O
because	O
Likud	B-ORG
opposes	O
peace	O
talks	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
chief	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiator	O
puts	O
it	O
,	O
bringing	O
Likud	B-ORG
into	O
the	O
government	O
would	O
be	O
``	O
a	O
bullet	O
of	O
mercy	O
for	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O
''	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
hospital	O
officials	O
say	O
four	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
yesterday	B-DATE
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
others	O
died	O
of	O
their	O
wounds	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
helicopter	O
gunships	O
fired	O
on	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Palestinian	B-NORP
town	O
and	O
later	O
cut	O
off	O
the	O
area	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
has	O
also	O
shut	O
down	O
the	O
Gaza	B-GPE
airport	O
.	O


135	B-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
recent	O
violence	O
,	O
all	O
but	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
or	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Arabs	I-NORP
.	O


The	O
Chicago	B-GPE
suburb	O
of	O
Arlington	B-GPE
Heights	I-GPE
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
stop	O
for	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
today	B-DATE
.	O


As	O
part	O
of	O
his	O
Barnstorm	B-WORK_OF_ART
for	I-WORK_OF_ART
Reform	I-WORK_OF_ART
tour	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
joined	O
by	O
Republican	B-NORP
governors	O
from	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Dakota	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
Montana	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
message	O
for	O
the	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
was	O
education	O
reform	O
.	O


The	O
Texas	B-GPE
governor	O
stops	O
in	O
Gore	B-PERSON
's	O
home	O
state	O
of	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
for	O
remarks	O
at	O
a	O
middle	O
school	O
.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
,	O
Bush	B-PERSON
holds	O
what	O
's	O
called	O
a	O
victory	O
rally	O
in	O
Jacksonville	B-GPE
,	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
were	O
more	O
clashes	O
between	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
today	B-DATE
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
wounded	O
overnight	B-TIME
during	O
a	O
round	O
of	O
gunfire	O
at	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
enclave	O
near	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Violence	O
has	O
claimed	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
140	I-CARDINAL
lives	O
,	O
mostly	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
,	O
in	O
less	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Fionnuala	B-PERSON
Sweeney	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


Another	O
exchange	O
of	O
gunfire	O
in	O
Gilo	B-GPE
,	O
on	O
the	O
outskirts	O
of	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


44	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
military	O
retaliates	O
,	O
using	O
machine	O
gun	O
and	O
tracer	O
fire	O
.	O


Unlike	O
Sunday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
's	I-TIME
clashes	O
,	O
no	O
warning	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
residents	O
in	O
Beit	B-GPE
Jala	I-GPE
to	O
evacuate	O
.	O


My	O
children	O
and	O
I	O
were	O
in	O
a	O
room	O
in	O
our	O
apartment	O
on	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
the	O
gunfire	O
started	O
,	O
we	O
went	O
downstairs	O
to	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
.	O


As	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
,	O
the	O
gunfire	O
was	O
attacking	O
our	O
home	O
.	O


The	O
residents	O
of	O
Gilo	B-GPE
,	O
too	O
,	O
were	O
surveying	O
the	O
damage	O
.	O


What	O
can	O
I	O
do	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
?	O


I	O
bought	O
this	O
apartment	O
seven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
thought	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
quiet	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
not	O
go	O
onto	O
terrace	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
not	O
put	O
my	O
lights	O
on	O
.	O


Gilo	B-GPE
is	O
situated	O
on	O
a	O
hill	O
overlooking	O
Beit	B-GPE
Jala	I-GPE
in	O
the	O
valley	O
below	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
built	O
on	O
territory	O
seized	O
from	O
the	O
Arabs	B-NORP
in	O
the	B-EVENT
1967	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
.	O


Israelis	B-NORP
consider	O
it	O
part	O
of	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
claim	O
it	O
was	O
built	O
on	O
land	O
belonging	O
to	O
Beit	B-GPE
Jala	I-GPE
.	O


Elsewhere	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
town	O
of	O
Hebron	B-GPE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Palestinian	B-NORP
man	O
was	O
killed	O
during	O
clashes	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
.	O


Israeli	B-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
officials	O
say	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Tanzim	B-ORG
militia	O
,	O
an	O
arm	O
of	O
the	O
Fatah	B-ORG
party	O
,	O
a	O
charge	O
denied	O
by	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Meanwhile	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
,	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
continues	O
his	O
efforts	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
government	O
of	O
national	O
emergency	O
.	O


Talks	O
with	O
the	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
Likud	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
,	O
ended	O
without	O
agreement	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
Israeli	B-NORP
government	O
sources	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
confident	O
a	O
deal	O
can	O
be	O
struck	O
before	O
the	O
Knesset	B-ORG
reconvenes	O
after	O
the	O
summer	B-DATE
recess	O
next	B-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
.	O


Palestinians	B-NORP
say	O
that	O
if	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
is	O
included	O
in	O
any	O
new	O
government	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
spell	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
military	O
says	O
it	O
is	O
hunkering	O
down	O
for	O
military	O
clashes	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
brigadier	O
general	O
,	O
``	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
talking	O
about	O
a	O
short	O
-	O
lived	O
adventure	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
,	O
too	O
,	O
say	O
they	O
expect	O
a	O
drawn	O
-	O
out	O
conflict	O
,	O
playing	O
Barak	B-PERSON
for	O
calling	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
the	O
fighting	O
.	O


Fionnuala	B-PERSON
Sweeney	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Reformers	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
got	O
a	O
significant	O
boost	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
Serbian	B-NORP
parliament	O
approved	O
a	O
power	O
-	O
sharing	O
administration	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
republic	O
until	O
early	O
elections	O
in	O
December	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
legislative	O
body	O
is	O
the	O
last	O
major	O
bastion	O
of	O
support	O
for	O
former	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
.	O


His	O
successor	O
,	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
leader	O
to	O
admit	O
Army	B-ORG
and	O
police	O
forces	O
committed	O
widespread	O
killings	O
in	O
Kosovo	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
a	O
television	O
interview	O
,	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
is	O
ready	O
to	O
accept	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
crimes	O
committed	O
under	O
the	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
regime	O
.	O


Lots	O
of	O
people	O
go	O
out	O
for	O
a	O
jog	O
to	O
keep	O
fit	O
.	O


Lots	O
more	O
of	O
us	O
should	O
,	O
but	O
one	B-CARDINAL
man	O
is	O
taking	O
that	O
activity	O
to	O
new	O
extremes	O
.	O


Ben	B-PERSON
Bradley	I-PERSON
of	O
Chicago	B-GPE
affiliate	O
CLTV	B-ORG
has	O
the	O
story	O
.	O


Rick	B-PERSON
Henry	I-PERSON
is	O
not	O
your	O
average	O
Monday	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
commuter	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
sure	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
sore	O
.	O


Rick	B-PERSON
ran	O
the	B-EVENT
Chicago	I-EVENT
Marathon	I-EVENT
Sunday	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
that	O
was	O
just	O
a	O
warm	O
-	O
up	O
.	O


A	O
warm	O
-	O
up	O
for	O
a	O
run	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


To	O
kind	O
of	O
go	O
after	O
any	O
goal	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
envision	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
break	O
it	O
apart	O
and	O
put	O
it	O
back	O
together	O
.	O


Horn	O
honks	O
.	O


With	O
applause	O
and	O
well	O
wishes	O
from	O
family	O
and	O
friends	O
,	O
Rick	B-PERSON
is	O
now	O
well	O
on	O
his	O
way	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
been	O
running	O
since	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
kid	O
.	O


Now	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Illinois	I-ORG
in	I-ORG
Chicago	I-ORG
is	O
making	O
him	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
a	O
human	O
endurance	O
test	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
see	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
physically	O
possible	O
to	O
run	O
around	O
the	O
globe	O
,	O
then	O
to	O
see	O
how	O
the	O
body	O
holds	O
up	O
.	O


It	O
comes	O
with	O
a	O
price	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
obviously	O
the	O
training	O
's	O
been	O
difficult	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
kind	O
of	O
trade	O
in	O
the	O
usual	O
and	O
customary	O
life	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
strange	O
and	O
unusual	O
.	O


Rick	B-PERSON
plans	O
on	O
running	O
about	B-QUANTITY
30	I-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
50	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
,	O
1,000	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
a	O
month	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
rate	O
,	O
it	O
'll	O
take	O
him	O
about	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
to	O
get	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
scared	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
nervous	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
a	O
lot	O
.	O


Cheers	O
and	O
applause	O
.	O


Rick	B-PERSON
also	O
has	O
the	O
prayers	O
of	O
the	O
students	O
and	O
staff	O
at	O
Nazareth	B-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
's	O
where	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
high	O
school	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
rest	O
stop	O
.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
say	O
enough	O
about	O
healthy	O
lifestyles	O
,	O
healthy	O
choices	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
back	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
,	O
running	O
towards	O
his	O
goal	O
of	O
doing	O
something	O
no	O
person	O
has	O
done	O
before	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
kind	O
of	O
like	O
feeling	O
like	O
an	O
explorer	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


You	O
get	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
experience	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
a	O
different	O
kind	O
of	O
way	O
.	O


That	O
report	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Ben	B-PERSON
Bradley	I-PERSON
of	O
Chicago	B-GPE
affiliate	O
CLTV	B-ORG
.	O


Thanks	O
for	O
joining	O
us	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


Topping	O
the	O
news	O
this	B-TIME
half	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
--	O
U.S.	B-GPE
forces	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Persian	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
are	O
taking	O
extra	O
precautions	O
against	O
possible	O
terrorist	O
attacks	O
.	O


A	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
spokesman	O
says	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
's	O
Fifth	B-ORG
Fleet	I-ORG
ships	O
will	O
remain	O
at	O
sea	O
for	O
the	O
foreseeable	O
future	O
to	O
reduce	O
their	O
vulnerability	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
embassy	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
closed	O
.	O


Military	O
personnel	O
there	O
and	O
in	O
Bahrain	B-GPE
have	O
been	O
placed	O
on	O
the	O
highest	O
state	O
of	O
alert	O
.	O


The	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
says	O
it	O
received	O
specific	O
threats	O
against	O
U.S.	B-GPE
possessions	O
in	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


A	O
similar	O
threat	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
closing	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
embassy	O
in	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
.	O


Officials	O
say	O
terrorist	O
threats	O
against	O
U.S.	B-GPE
interests	O
worldwide	O
have	O
increased	O
to	O
their	O
highest	O
level	O
since	O
the	O
millennium	B-DATE
celebrations	O
.	O


The	O
increase	O
reportedly	O
coincides	O
with	O
the	O
October	B-DATE
bombing	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
recent	O
flare	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
Mideast	B-LOC
violence	O
.	O


The	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
attack	O
killed	O
17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
and	O
wounded	O
39	B-CARDINAL
others	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Armed	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
continues	O
a	O
hearing	O
into	O
the	O
bombing	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
is	O
campaigning	O
in	O
the	O
hotly	O
contested	O
Sunshine	B-GPE
State	I-GPE
today	B-DATE
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
stumping	O
with	O
his	O
brother	O
Jeb	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
governor	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


Also	O
on	O
hand	O
,	O
Arizona	B-GPE
Senator	O
John	B-PERSON
M	I-PERSON
Cain	I-PERSON
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
is	O
expected	O
to	O
deliver	O
what	O
aides	O
are	O
calling	O
a	O
major	O
speech	O
on	O
education	O
in	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
Vice	O
President	O
is	O
campaigning	O
with	O
running	O
mate	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
.	O


Polls	O
in	O
Gore	B-PERSON
's	O
home	O
state	O
show	O
him	O
nearly	O
even	O
with	O
Bush	B-PERSON
.	O


Nationwide	O
,	O
the	O
race	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
seesawing	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
not	O
seen	O
the	O
lead	O
change	O
hands	O
,	O
after	O
Labor	B-DATE
Day	I-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Gallup	I-WORK_OF_ART
Poll	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
in	O
a	O
presidential	O
election	O
since	B-DATE
1980	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
.	O


In	O
1984	B-DATE
,	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
1992	B-DATE
and	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
candidate	O
who	O
was	O
ahead	O
on	O
Labor	B-DATE
Day	I-DATE
never	O
went	O
behind	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
unless	O
I	O
've	O
lost	O
track	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
a	O
little	O
hard	O
to	O
keep	O
track	O
,	O
today	B-DATE
is	O
the	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
lead	O
change	O
in	O
Gallup	B-ORG
polling	O
after	B-DATE
Labor	I-DATE
Day	I-DATE
between	O
Gore	B-PERSON
and	O
Bush	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
lead	O
did	O
change	O
hands	O
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
CNN	B-ORG
/	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
USA	I-WORK_OF_ART
Today	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
/	O
Gallup	B-ORG
tracking	O
poll	O
shows	O
Gore	B-PERSON
with	O
a	O
slight	O
edge	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
new	O
numbers	O
show	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
election	O
were	O
held	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
46	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
likely	O
voters	O
questioned	O
would	O
choose	O
Gore	B-PERSON
.	O


45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
would	O
choose	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
the	O
pollsters	O
say	O
the	O
change	O
is	O
statistically	O
insignificant	O
when	O
the	O
margin	O
of	O
error	O
is	O
considered	O
.	O


Secret	O
new	O
evidence	O
has	O
prompted	O
another	O
delay	O
in	O
the	O
trial	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Libyans	B-NORP
accused	O
of	O
bombing	O
Pan	B-PRODUCT
Am	I-PRODUCT
Flight	I-PRODUCT
103	I-PRODUCT
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
Mintier	I-PERSON
has	O
details	O
.	O


Already	O
in	O
its	B-DATE
sixth	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Lockerbie	B-GPE
trial	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Libyans	B-NORP
accused	O
of	O
blowing	O
up	O
Pan	B-PRODUCT
Am	I-PRODUCT
Flight	I-PRODUCT
103	I-PRODUCT
over	O
Scotland	B-GPE
12	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
is	O
moving	O
at	O
a	O
snail	O
's	O
pace	O
.	O


The	O
latest	O
series	O
of	O
delays	O
come	O
as	O
new	O
information	O
has	O
been	O
revealed	O
to	O
the	O
defense	O
by	O
the	O
prosecution	O
.	O


Such	O
a	O
move	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
a	O
trial	O
is	O
considered	O
highly	O
unusual	O
unless	O
the	O
information	O
is	O
so	O
sensitive	O
it	O
could	O
harm	O
the	O
case	O
if	O
not	O
revealed	O
during	O
the	O
trial	O
.	O


The	O
information	O
includes	O
details	O
of	O
six	B-CARDINAL
new	O
potential	O
witnesses	O
and	O
other	O
information	O
from	O
six	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
on	O
three	B-CARDINAL
different	O
continents	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
yet	O
clear	O
whether	O
the	O
new	O
information	O
will	O
help	O
or	O
hurt	O
the	O
case	O
against	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Libyans	B-NORP
accused	O
of	O
blowing	O
up	O
the	O
airplane	O
.	O


Prosecutors	O
have	O
handed	O
over	O
a	O
file	O
described	O
in	O
court	O
as	O
being	O
an	B-QUANTITY
inch	I-QUANTITY
thick	O
.	O


Defense	O
lawyers	O
say	O
the	O
new	O
information	O
,	O
if	O
true	O
,	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
greatest	O
conceivable	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
trial	O
.	O


Two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
prosecutors	O
revealed	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
information	O
and	O
just	O
this	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
handed	O
it	O
over	O
to	O
defense	O
lawyers	O
.	O


Teams	O
of	O
investigators	O
have	O
now	O
fanned	O
out	O
to	O
conduct	O
interviews	O
related	O
to	O
this	O
new	O
information	O
for	O
the	O
defense	O
team	O
.	O


That	O
information	O
could	O
cause	O
the	O
trial	O
to	O
be	O
delayed	O
even	O
further	O
.	O


The	O
defense	O
team	O
has	O
already	O
told	O
the	O
court	O
that	O
more	O
time	O
may	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
react	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
information	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Scottish	B-NORP
judges	O
sitting	O
to	O
hear	O
this	O
case	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
told	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
information	O
.	O


That	O
may	O
change	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
if	O
and	O
when	O
another	O
delay	O
in	O
the	O
trial	O
is	O
requested	O
by	O
the	O
defense	O
.	O


Just	O
how	O
important	O
is	O
the	O
new	O
information	O
?	O


That	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
because	O
so	O
far	O
,	O
only	O
investigators	O
and	O
lawyers	O
for	O
the	O
defense	O
and	O
prosection	O
know	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
.	O


In	O
court	O
on	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
lawyers	O
for	O
the	O
defense	O
defended	O
all	O
the	O
secrecy	O
saying	O
,	O
``	O
lives	O
are	O
in	O
danger	O
.	O
''	O


At	O
one	O
time	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
predictions	O
that	O
this	O
trial	O
would	O
be	O
completed	O
before	O
November	B-DATE
and	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
elections	O
for	O
President	O
.	O


Now	O
it	O
is	O
looking	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
spill	O
into	O
the	B-DATE
new	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
exactly	O
willing	O
to	O
say	O
which	O
new	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
Mintier	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
Camp	B-GPE
Zeist	I-GPE
,	O
The	B-GPE
Netherlands	I-GPE
.	O


Tanks	O
are	O
blocking	O
a	O
main	O
thoroughfare	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
following	O
a	O
suicide	O
bombing	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


A	O
young	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
man	O
loaded	O
a	O
bicycle	O
with	O
explosives	O
and	O
headed	O
toward	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
military	O
outpost	O
.	O


He	O
hit	O
defensive	O
barriers	O
nearby	O
and	O
blew	O
himself	O
up	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
soldier	O
was	O
slightly	O
hurt	O
.	O


Reuters	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
says	O
it	O
has	O
received	O
a	O
letter	O
from	O
the	O
militant	O
group	O
Islamic	O
Jihad	B-ORG
claiming	O
responsibility	O
.	O


Veekz	O
have	O
been	O
placed	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
as	O
U.S.	B-GPE
investigators	O
are	O
staying	O
as	O
they	O
search	O
for	O
clues	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


Security	O
was	O
ordered	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
a	O
telephone	O
bomb	O
threat	O
.	O


17	B-CARDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
sailors	O
were	O
killed	O
and	O
39	B-CARDINAL
wounded	O
2	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
bombing	O
that	O
left	O
a	O
huge	O
hole	O
in	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
destroyer	O
.	O


FBI	B-ORG
technicians	O
sent	O
to	O
Yemen	B-GPE
to	O
collect	O
evidence	O
have	O
scheduled	O
to	O
leave	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


WorldCom	B-ORG
posted	O
a	O
26	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
increase	O
in	O
its	O
quarterly	B-DATE
earnings	O
,	O
helped	O
by	O
strong	O
international	O
sales	O
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
biggest	O
long	O
-	O
distance	O
phone	O
company	O
said	O
it	O
would	O
unveil	O
a	O
restructuring	O
plan	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
that	O
will	O
concentrate	O
on	O
its	O
internet	O
operations	O
and	O
hopefully	O
boost	O
its	O
sagging	O
stock	O
price	O
.	O


Shares	O
of	O
WorldCom	B-ORG
have	O
fallen	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
since	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
is	O
urging	O
U.S.	B-GPE
military	O
commanders	O
to	O
strengthen	O
anti-terrorist	O
measures	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
the	O
``	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
attack	O
.	O


Defense	B-ORG
Secretary	O
William	B-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
and	O
Joint	B-ORG
Chiefs	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Staff	I-ORG
chairman	O
General	O
Henry	B-PERSON
Shelton	I-PERSON
made	O
the	O
plea	O
in	O
a	O
video	O
teleconference	O
with	O
American	B-NORP
commanders	O
.	O


17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
were	O
killed	O
and	O
39	B-CARDINAL
wounded	O
when	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
was	O
attacked	O
as	O
it	O
refueled	O
in	O
the	O
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
,	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
are	O
denying	O
a	O
newspaper	O
report	O
that	O
claims	O
intelligence	O
agencies	O
have	O
obtained	O
hard	O
evidence	O
linking	O
Saudi	B-NORP
terrorist	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
to	O
the	O
bombing	O
.	O


``	B-WORK_OF_ART
USA	I-WORK_OF_ART
Today	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
reports	O
some	O
evidence	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
uncovered	O
shows	O
Bin	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
financed	O
the	O
attack	O
and	O
assigned	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
top	O
assistants	O
to	O
supervise	O
it	O
.	O


Microsoft	B-ORG
confirms	O
hackers	O
broke	O
into	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
computer	O
network	O
and	O
gained	O
access	O
to	O
software	O
code	O
information	O
.	O


The	O
FBI	B-ORG
is	O
investigating	O
.	O


A	O
Microsoft	B-ORG
executive	O
calls	O
the	O
break	O
-	O
in	O
an	O
``	O
issue	O
of	O
great	O
importance	O
,	O
''	O
but	O
says	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
codes	O
were	O
tampered	O
with	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
says	O
computers	O
running	O
Microsoft	B-ORG
software	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
affected	O
.	O


``	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Wall	I-WORK_OF_ART
Street	I-WORK_OF_ART
Journal	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
reports	O
the	O
break	O
-	O
in	O
was	O
discovered	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
the	O
Journal	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
says	O
security	O
employees	O
found	O
passwords	O
used	O
to	O
transfer	O
codes	O
were	O
being	O
sent	O
to	O
an	O
e-mail	O
address	O
in	O
St.	B-GPE
Petersburg	I-GPE
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
investigators	O
have	O
been	O
blocked	O
from	O
interviewing	O
potential	O
witnesses	O
about	O
the	O
bombing	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


FBI	B-ORG
director	O
Louis	B-PERSON
Freeh	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Madeleine	B-PERSON
Albright	I-PERSON
,	O
are	O
calling	O
on	O
Yemen	B-GPE
's	O
President	O
for	O
more	O
cooperation	O
.	O


They	O
thanked	O
the	O
country	O
for	O
help	O
in	O
gathering	O
forensic	O
evidence	O
,	O
but	O
say	O
the	O
investigation	O
must	O
now	O
move	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
phase	O
.	O


Yemeni	B-NORP
authorities	O
have	O
been	O
questioning	O
potential	O
witnesses	O
.	O


The	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
will	O
begin	O
its	O
trip	O
home	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
destroyer	O
is	O
still	O
at	O
port	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
it	O
was	O
bombed	O
October	B-DATE
.	O


We	O
are	O
now	O
getting	O
the	O
first	O
closeup	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
damage	O
.	O


These	O
pictures	O
were	O
obtained	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
independent	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
watchdog	O
group	O
.	O


The	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
has	O
refused	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
media	O
to	O
get	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
inside	O
of	O
the	O
damaged	O
area	O
.	O


A	O
U.S.	B-GPE
official	O
says	O
,	O
recent	O
reports	O
about	O
Saudi	B-NORP
dissident	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
possible	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
attack	O
are	O
unfounded	O
.	O


The	O
official	O
says	O
investigators	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
``	O
specific	O
''	O
or	O
``	O
reliable	O
''	O
evidence	O
Bin	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
financed	O
the	O
attack	O
or	O
sent	O
an	O
agent	O
to	O
oversee	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
radical	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
group	O
that	O
hijacked	O
the	O
Achille	B-PRODUCT
Lauro	I-PRODUCT
cruise	O
ship	O
in	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
is	O
declaring	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
it	O
will	O
resume	O
attacks	O
against	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
group	O
says	O
it	O
's	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
rising	O
death	O
toll	O
from	O
violent	O
clashes	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


Palestinians	B-NORP
are	O
burying	O
their	O
dead	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
latest	O
victims	O
in	O
a	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
of	O
fighting	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
.	O


More	O
clashes	O
erupted	O
there	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


A	O
14	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Palestinian	B-NORP
boy	O
was	O
in	O
serious	O
condition	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
officials	O
say	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
six	I-CARDINAL
others	O
were	O
in	O
separate	O
protests	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
130	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
died	O
,	O
all	O
but	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
or	O
Arab	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Israelis	I-NORP
.	O


Venezuela	B-GPE
's	O
leftist	O
President	O
has	O
awarded	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
the	O
keys	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Caracas	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Cuban	B-NORP
President	O
is	O
on	O
a	O
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
visit	O
to	O
Venezuela	O
to	O
sign	O
an	O
oil	O
-	O
supply	O
deal	O
.	O


Hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Venezuelans	B-NORP
lined	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
the	O
capital	O
to	O
welcome	O
Castro	B-PERSON
.	O


Opposition	O
legislators	O
boycotted	O
Castro	B-PERSON
's	O
speech	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Venezuelan	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
to	O
protest	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
``	O
human	O
rights	O
abuses	O
''	O
in	O
Cuba	B-GPE
.	O


Some	O
said	O
President	O
Hugo	B-PERSON
Chavez	I-PERSON
's	O
move	O
to	O
strengthen	O
ties	O
with	O
the	O
communist	O
island	O
could	O
hurt	O
relations	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


A	O
new	O
project	O
encouraging	O
rooftop	O
gardens	O
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
is	O
bringing	O
new	O
meaning	O
to	O
the	O
term	O
``	O
urban	O
jungle	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
roof	O
of	O
City	B-FAC
Hall	I-FAC
is	O
being	O
transformed	O
into	O
an	O
urban	O
oasis	O
.	O


Rooftops	O
normally	O
absorb	O
the	O
hot	O
sun	O
and	O
heat	O
up	O
the	O
air	O
in	O
cities	O
which	O
can	O
make	O
pollution	O
worse	O
.	O


The	O
project	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
federal	O
government	O
study	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
rooftop	O
gardens	O
can	O
have	O
the	O
opposite	O
effect	O
.	O


In	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
espionage	O
trial	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
businessman	O
Edmond	B-PERSON
Pope	I-PERSON
will	O
be	O
postponed	O
for	O
at	B-DATE
least	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
because	O
of	O
his	O
health	O
.	O


Pope	B-PERSON
doubled	O
over	O
with	O
back	O
and	O
joint	O
pain	O
during	O
a	O
lunch	O
break	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
was	O
rushed	O
to	O
a	O
prison	O
clinic	O
.	O


The	O
54	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
has	O
been	O
in	O
remission	O
from	O
bone	O
cancer	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
relatives	O
worry	O
it	O
has	O
resurfaced	O
.	O


The	O
retired	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
officer	O
is	O
accused	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
buy	O
classified	O
plans	O
for	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
speed	O
Russian	B-NORP
torpedo	O
.	O


WorldCom	B-ORG
hits	O
Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
with	O
two	B-CARDINAL
big	O
announcements	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Myron	B-PERSON
Kandel	I-PERSON
at	O
the	O
CNNFN	B-ORG
newsdesk	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
nation	O
's	O
second	B-ORDINAL
biggest	O
long	O
distance	O
phone	O
company	O
cut	O
its	O
revenue	O
and	O
profit	O
growth	O
outlooks	O
through	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
blames	O
competitive	O
pressures	O
and	O
increased	O
expenses	O
.	O


WorldCom	B-ORG
also	O
confirms	O
its	O
restructuring	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
creating	O
two	B-CARDINAL
tracking	O
stocks	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
called	O
WorldCom	B-ORG
will	O
follow	O
the	O
faster	O
growing	O
data	O
and	O
internet	O
business	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
,	O
called	O
MCI	B-ORG
,	O
will	O
track	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
long	O
distance	O
units	O
.	O


WorldCom	B-ORG
's	O
rival	O
,	O
AT&T	B-ORG
,	O
announced	O
a	O
similar	O
restructuring	O
plan	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
the	O
damaged	O
``	O
USS	B-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	O
is	O
being	O
returned	O
home	O
on	O
a	O
salvage	O
ship	O
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
has	O
learned	O
C	O
explosive	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
bomb	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
destroyer	O
.	O


C	O
is	O
manufactured	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
other	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
Austria	B-GPE
and	O
Iran	B-GPE
.	O


Sources	O
say	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
explosive	O
will	O
allow	O
authorities	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
terrorist	O
groups	O
that	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


CNN	B-ORG
has	O
obtained	O
photographs	O
which	O
show	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
the	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


The	O
Navy	B-ORG
now	O
estimates	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
hole	O
in	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
hull	O
is	O
40	B-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
high	O
and	O
60	B-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
wide	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
20	B-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
bigger	O
than	O
initially	O
reported	O
.	O


Repairs	O
could	O
run	O
as	B-MONEY
high	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
170	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
died	O
in	O
the	O
bombing	O
.	O


Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
company	O
officially	O
known	O
as	O
Martha	B-ORG
Stewart	I-ORG
Living	I-ORG
Omnimedia	I-ORG
earned	O
$	B-MONEY
3.8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
double	I-CARDINAL
its	O
profits	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
company	O
says	O
it	O
's	O
comfortable	O
at	O
the	O
high	O
end	O
of	O
profit	O
estimates	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
current	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
as	O
well	O
.	O


Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
has	O
a	O
TV	O
show	O
,	O
several	O
books	O
and	O
a	O
house	O
wares	O
line	O
at	O
Kmart	B-ORG
.	O


Tommy	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
Jones	I-PERSON
may	O
start	O
chasing	O
after	O
an	O
accused	O
criminal	O
once	O
more	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
in	O
talks	O
to	O
star	O
in	O
``	O
The	O
Hunted	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
and	O
that	O
would	O
pair	O
him	O
again	O
with	O
director	O
William	B-PERSON
Friedkin	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
duo	O
just	O
teamed	O
on	O
``	O
Rules	O
of	O
Engagement	O
.	O
''	O


Jones	B-PERSON
would	O
play	O
a	O
famous	O
FBI	B-ORG
tracker	O
leading	O
a	O
manhunt	O
for	O
a	O
killer	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
in	O
the	O
toss	O
-	O
up	O
state	O
of	O
Michigan	B-GPE
,	O
trying	O
to	O
turn	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
campaign	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
issues	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
a	O
rally	O
in	O
Grand	B-GPE
Rapids	I-GPE
a	O
key	O
concern	O
is	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
federal	O
tax	O
surplus	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
in	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
people	O
pay	O
more	O
in	O
federal	O
,	O
state	O
and	O
local	O
taxes	O
than	O
they	O
do	O
in	O
food	O
and	O
clothing	O
and	O
housing	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
think	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


The	O
average	O
family	O
is	O
working	O
harder	O
and	O
longer	O
hours	O
,	O
and	O
paying	O
more	O
in	O
taxes	O
than	O
on	O
the	O
basic	O
necessities	O
to	O
live	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
n't	O
right	O
,	O
folks	O
.	O


We	O
need	O
to	O
send	O
some	O
of	O
your	O
money	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
pay	O
the	O
bills	O
.	O


We	O
ought	O
to	O
provide	O
tax	O
relief	O
for	O
everybody	O
who	O
pays	O
taxes	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
!	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
his	O
stop	O
in	O
Grand	B-GPE
Rapids	I-GPE
,	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
schedule	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
includes	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
University	B-GPE
Center	I-GPE
,	O
Michigan	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
will	O
be	O
joined	O
there	O
by	O
retired	O
General	O
Colin	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
will	O
outline	O
his	O
proposals	O
for	O
repairing	O
what	O
he	O
calls	O
a	O
weakening	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
military	O
under	O
the	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
administration	O
.	O


From	O
Michigan	B-GPE
,	O
Bush	B-PERSON
flies	O
to	O
Morgantown	B-GPE
,	O
West	B-GPE
Virginia	I-GPE
,	O
where	O
he	O
also	O
will	O
focus	O
on	O
military	O
issues	O
.	O


West	B-GPE
Virginia	I-GPE
has	O
the	O
highest	O
per	O
capita	O
number	O
of	O
veterans	O
of	O
foreign	O
wars	O
in	O
the	O
U.S	B-GPE
.	O


216	B-CARDINAL
crew	O
members	O
from	O
the	O
bombed	O
destroyer	O
``	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
got	O
a	O
hero	O
's	O
welcome	O
as	O
they	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
sailors	O
will	O
be	O
given	O
leaves	O
of	O
absence	O
to	O
recuperate	O
and	O
spend	O
time	O
with	O
their	O
friends	O
and	O
families	O
.	O


17	B-CARDINAL
crew	O
members	O
were	O
killed	O
and	O
39	B-CARDINAL
injured	O
in	O
the	O
bomb	O
attack	O
on	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
.	O


October	B-DATE
the	O
damaged	O
vessel	O
remains	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
of	I-LOC
Aden	I-LOC
loaded	O
atop	O
the	O
heavy	O
-	O
lift	O
ship	O
,	O
``	B-PRODUCT
the	I-PRODUCT
Blue	I-PRODUCT
Marlin	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


Pentagon	B-ORG
sources	O
say	O
the	O
piggybacked	O
ships	O
will	O
depart	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


They	O
will	O
sail	O
around	O
the	O
southern	O
tip	O
of	O
Africa	B-LOC
and	O
arrive	O
in	O
Norfolk	B-GPE
around	B-DATE
December	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
nation	O
's	O
jobless	O
rate	O
is	O
holding	O
steady	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Labor	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
said	O
yesterday	B-DATE
the	O
unemployment	O
rate	O
remained	O
at	O
the	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
low	O
of	O
3.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
October	B-DATE
.	O


Bob	B-PERSON
Beard	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


Lower	O
mortgage	O
rates	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
helped	O
construction	O
firms	O
add	O
34,000	B-CARDINAL
jobs	O
.	O


The	O
huge	O
services	O
sector	O
added	O
99,000	B-CARDINAL
,	O
but	O
growth	O
in	O
manufacturing	O
was	O
unchanged	O
,	O
suggesting	O
sluggish	O
demand	O
for	O
factory	O
labor	O
.	O


That	O
as	O
October	B-DATE
payrolls	O
picked	O
up	O
far	O
fewer	O
jobs	O
than	O
expected	O
and	O
September	B-DATE
's	O
payroll	O
gains	O
were	O
revised	O
sharply	O
lower	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
job	O
growth	O
is	O
slowing	O
--	O
averaging	O
182,000	B-CARDINAL
jobs	O
a	O
month	O
,	O
versus	O
229,000	B-CARDINAL
for	O
all	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
shows	O
the	O
top	O
line	O
.	O


The	O
headline	O
number	O
is	O
weakening	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
weakening	O
,	O
but	O
again	O
,	O
the	O
persistence	O
of	O
that	O
labor	O
market	O
tightness	O
is	O
still	O
there	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
key	O
measure	O
of	O
inflation	O
picked	O
up	O
slightly	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
above	O
market	O
expectations	O
.	O


Average	O
hourly	O
earnings	O
now	O
up	O
3.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
year	O
over	O
year	O
.	O


Some	O
economists	O
note	O
that	O
's	O
been	O
the	O
trend	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
main	O
reasons	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
remains	O
on	O
inflation	O
alert	O
despite	O
other	O
signs	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
cooling	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
this	O
number	O
will	O
certainly	O
continue	O
to	O
calm	O
the	O
fears	O
of	O
policymakers	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
will	O
put	O
off	O
that	O
belief	O
that	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
is	O
going	O
to	O
lower	O
interest	O
rates	O
anytime	O
soon	O
.	O


Meantime	O
,	O
the	O
administration	O
could	O
n't	O
wait	O
to	O
put	O
a	O
positive	O
spin	O
on	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
unemployment	O
rate	O
,	O
which	O
stayed	O
at	O
a	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
low	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
an	O
economy	O
that	O
's	O
in	O
balance	O
.	O


Obviously	O
,	O
we	O
continue	O
to	O
see	O
signs	O
of	O
moderation	O
,	O
but	O
let	O
's	O
remember	O
this	O
is	O
still	O
the	O
longest	O
and	O
strongest	O
boom	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
history	O
.	O


For	O
now	O
,	O
most	O
economists	O
see	O
a	O
portrait	O
of	O
a	O
moderating	O
economy	O
,	O
with	O
few	O
signs	O
of	O
a	O
dramatic	O
slowdown	O
.	O


Bob	B-PERSON
Beard	I-PERSON
,	O
``	O
CNN	B-WORK_OF_ART
Financial	I-WORK_OF_ART
News	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
invited	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
to	O
a	O
meeting	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


November	B-DATE
Arafat	B-PERSON
tells	O
CNN	B-ORG
he	O
hopes	O
to	O
go	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
date	O
may	O
conflict	O
with	O
a	O
planned	O
event	O
at	O
the	O
upcoming	O
Islamic	B-NORP
countries	O
summit	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
not	O
yet	O
invited	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
a	O
spokesman	O
for	O
Barak	B-PERSON
says	O
if	O
he	O
's	O
invited	O
,	O
the	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
would	O
go	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
a	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
.	O


Monday	B-DATE
,	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
will	O
approve	O
$	B-MONEY
435	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	O
ease	O
the	O
debt	O
burdens	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
poorest	O
countries	O
.	O


It	O
allows	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
to	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
global	O
effort	O
to	O
free	O
developing	O
countries	O
from	O
interest	O
payments	O
.	O


The	O
measure	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
15	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
international	O
assistance	O
package	O
.	O


Yugoslavia	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
step	O
closer	O
to	O
ending	O
its	O
years	B-DATE
of	O
isolation	O
and	O
socialist	O
power	O
.	O


Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
parliament	O
today	B-DATE
appointed	O
a	O
new	O
government	O
backing	O
reformist	O
President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
communist	O
-	O
free	O
government	O
in	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
new	O
cabinet	O
won	O
approval	O
in	O
both	O
chambers	O
of	O
parliament	O
and	O
from	O
deputies	O
of	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
two	B-CARDINAL
republics	O
--	O
Serbia	B-GPE
and	O
Montenegro	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
new	O
government	O
is	O
key	O
for	O
reformists	O
to	O
cement	O
their	O
position	O
in	O
power	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
mass	O
uprising	O
forced	O
former	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
to	O
admit	O
defeat	O
in	O
presidential	O
elections	O
.	O


Duane	B-PERSON
Walker	I-PERSON
,	O
``	O
CNN	B-WORK_OF_ART
Headline	I-WORK_OF_ART
Sports	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Week	B-DATE
ten	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
NFL	B-ORG
season	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
a	O
Washington	B-ORG
Redskins	I-ORG
uniform	O
,	O
Jeff	B-PERSON
George	I-PERSON
will	O
get	O
the	O
starting	O
nod	O
at	O
quarterback	O
against	O
the	B-ORG
Arizona	I-ORG
Cardinals	I-ORG
.	O


Brad	B-PERSON
Johnson	I-PERSON
is	O
out	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
sprained	O
knee	O
ligament	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
think	O
where	O
we	O
're	O
at	O
that	O
Brad	B-PERSON
will	O
be	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
him	O
to	O
at	O
least	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
dress	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
he	O
'll	O
even	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
where	O
he	O
s	O
and	O
be	O
an	O
emergency	O
third	B-ORDINAL
,	O
that	O
would	O
probably	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
we	O
could	O
hope	O
for	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
volatility	O
of	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
has	O
you	O
concerned	O
about	O
your	O
investments	O
,	O
you	O
may	O
want	O
to	O
consider	O
something	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
bit	O
more	O
stable	O
.	O


Valarie	B-PERSON
Morris	I-PERSON
has	O
more	O
.	O


The	O
stock	O
market	O
's	O
recent	O
volatility	O
likely	O
has	O
some	O
investors	O
seeking	O
a	O
safe	O
haven	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
way	O
to	O
go	O
is	O
a	B-ORG
Real	I-ORG
Estate	I-ORG
Investment	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
or	O
REAT	B-ORG
.	O


They	O
own	O
and	O
operate	O
apartment	O
complexes	O
and	O
office	O
buildings	O
and	O
other	O
properties	O
.	O


Demand	O
is	O
high	O
for	O
space	O
.	O


By	O
law	O
,	O
the	O
trust	O
must	O
pay	O
out	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
taxable	O
income	O
each	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
turn	O
,	O
creates	O
big	O
dividends	O
.	O


The	O
group	O
so	O
far	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
for	O
those	O
companies	O
that	O
have	O
reported	O
have	O
generated	O
about	O
0	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
earnings	O
growth	O
.	O


We	O
think	O
over	O
the	O
long	O
term	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
that	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
companies	O
can	O
have	O
high	O
single	O
digit	O
revenue	O
growth	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
this	O
return	O
,	O
returns	O
are	O
up	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
15	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
compared	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
S&P	I-ORG
500	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
loss	O
of	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
3	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
the	O
Nasdaq	B-ORG
's	O
loss	O
of	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
15	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
but	O
while	O
REATs	B-ORG
offer	O
some	O
stability	O
in	O
a	O
volatile	O
market	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
some	O
risk	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


You	O
think	O
about	O
real	O
estate	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
cyclical	O
industry	O
.	O


The	O
things	O
that	O
have	O
gotten	O
you	O
in	O
trouble	O
are	O
too	O
much	O
supply	O
.	O


Demand	O
is	O
relatively	O
stable	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
ups	O
and	O
downs	O
relative	O
to	O
supply	O
were	O
what	O
hurts	O
you	O
in	O
the	O
real	O
estate	O
markets	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
``	O
your	B-WORK_OF_ART
money	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Valarie	B-PERSON
Morris	I-PERSON
,	O
``	O
CNN	B-WORK_OF_ART
Financial	I-WORK_OF_ART
News	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


For	O
more	O
business	O
and	O
consumer	O
news	O
,	O
click	O
on	O
to	O
cnnfn.com	O
.	O


Russian	B-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
officials	O
have	O
halted	O
attempts	O
to	O
recover	O
bodies	O
from	O
the	O
sunken	O
nuclear	O
submarine	O
,	O
the	O
``	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


They	O
say	O
jagged	O
metal	O
at	O
the	O
site	O
makes	O
it	O
too	O
dangerous	O
for	O
divers	O
to	O
continue	O
.	O


A	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
commission	O
is	O
planning	O
to	O
meet	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
to	O
decide	O
on	O
any	O
further	O
salvage	O
efforts	O
.	O


12	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
es	O
the	O
vessel	O
have	O
been	O
recovered	O
.	O


The	O
FBI	B-ORG
is	O
reportedly	O
performing	O
DNA	O
test	O
on	O
human	O
remains	O
from	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
bombing	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


They	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
confirm	O
the	O
identities	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
attack	O
.	O


17	B-CARDINAL
Americans	O
were	O
killed	O
when	O
a	O
small	O
boat	O
carrying	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
exploded	O
next	O
to	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
refueling	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


Comments	O
come	O
from	O
General	O
Shelten	B-PERSON
who	O
says	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
might	O
retaliate	O
with	O
cruise	O
missiles	O
or	O
other	O
weapons	O
if	O
it	O
finds	O
out	O
who	O
is	O
responsible	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
President	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
is	O
turning	O
to	O
Russia	B-GPE
for	O
help	O
in	O
ending	O
the	O
Mideast	B-LOC
violence	O
.	O


Arafat	B-PERSON
plans	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
tomorrow	B-DATE
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


Russia	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
co-sponsor	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
peace	O
process	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
traditionally	O
played	O
a	O
secondary	B-ORDINAL
role	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


A	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
special	O
envoy	O
is	O
warning	O
of	O
a	O
``	O
increasingly	O
desperate	O
''	O
situation	O
for	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
security	O
restrictions	O
on	O
cross-border	O
movement	O
have	O
cut	O
humanitarian	O
aid	O
and	O
fuel	O
supplies	O
to	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
Cairo	B-GPE
meeting	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Arab	I-ORG
League	I-ORG
,	O
Finance	O
Ministers	O
agreed	O
on	O
a	O
method	O
to	O
funnel	O
up	B-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
support	O
to	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
in	O
their	O
uprising	O
against	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
President	O
of	O
Yemen	B-GPE
says	O
the	O
boat	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
was	O
bought	O
in	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
explosion	O
in	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
killed	O
17	B-CARDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
sailors	O
and	O
injured	O
39	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
told	O
CNN	B-ORG
both	O
the	O
bombing	O
suspects	O
were	O
from	O
a	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
province	O
that	O
borders	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
and	O
is	O
the	O
home	O
of	O
family	O
members	O
of	O
accused	O
terrorist	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
say	O
they	O
suspect	O
Bin	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
may	O
have	O
ordered	O
the	O
bombing	O
of	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
,	O
''	O
but	O
they	O
have	O
no	O
proof	O
.	O


United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
health	O
officials	O
say	O
the	O
infection	O
rate	O
for	O
new	O
AIDS	O
cases	O
has	O
remained	O
constant	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
death	O
rate	O
is	O
up	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
,	O
36	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
worldwide	O
are	O
now	O
infected	O
with	O
HIV	O
,	O
the	O
virus	O
that	O
causes	O
AIDS	O
.	O


The	O
organization	O
estimates	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
5.3	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
new	O
cases	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


An	B-CARDINAL
estimated	I-CARDINAL
3	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
will	O
die	O
from	O
AIDS	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


That	O
's	O
expected	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
total	O
deaths	O
worldwide	O
to	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
22	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


Former	O
Senate	B-ORG
Majority	O
Leader	O
George	B-PERSON
Mitchell	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Tallahassee	B-GPE
in	O
support	O
of	O
the	O
Gore	B-PERSON
campaign	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
defending	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
hand	O
counts	O
to	O
resolve	O
disputes	O
over	O
ballots	O
.	O


The	O
laws	O
of	O
Texas	B-GPE
and	O
Florida	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
states	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
reality	O
that	O
the	O
most	O
fair	O
and	O
effective	O
way	O
to	O
count	O
every	O
valid	O
vote	O
and	O
to	O
discern	O
the	O
intent	O
of	O
the	O
voter	O
is	O
a	O
careful	O
fair	O
hand	O
count	O
.	O


Up	O
to	O
now	O
in	O
this	O
process	O
,	O
no	O
court	O
,	O
state	O
or	O
federal	O
,	O
has	O
accepted	O
the	O
assertion	O
that	O
hand	O
recounts	O
are	O
unfair	O
or	O
unconstitutional	O
.	O


An	O
agreement	O
that	O
was	O
meant	O
to	O
lead	O
to	O
cooperation	O
between	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
in	O
the	O
Mideast	B-LOC
does	O
not	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
working	O
.	O


Hospital	O
spokesmen	O
say	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
and	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
more	O
injured	O
in	O
clashes	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
agreed	O
to	O
renew	O
low	O
-	O
level	O
security	O
ties	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


An	B-CARDINAL
estimated	I-CARDINAL
8,000	I-CARDINAL
mourners	O
turned	O
out	O
for	O
the	O
funeral	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Palestinian	B-NORP
brothers	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
men	O
were	O
killed	O
in	O
an	O
intense	O
firefight	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


They	O
were	O
leaders	O
of	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
's	O
Fatah	B-ORG
movement	O
in	O
a	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
village	O
.	O


Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
is	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
eye	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
former	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
President	O
made	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
public	O
appearance	O
since	O
losing	O
power	O
.	O


Milosevic	B-PERSON
addressed	O
a	O
special	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Socialist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Serbia	I-ORG
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
denounced	O
the	O
democratic	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
government	O
that	O
unseated	O
him	O
,	O
calling	O
the	O
election	O
a	O
coup	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
accused	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
of	O
trying	O
to	O
break	O
up	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


A	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
conference	O
on	O
global	O
warming	O
has	O
ended	O
without	O
a	O
deal	O
.	O


Delegates	O
worked	O
through	O
the	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
and	O
past	O
a	O
deadline	O
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
to	O
find	O
ways	O
to	O
implement	O
the	B-LAW
Kyoto	I-LAW
Protocol	I-LAW
.	O


The	O
Protocol	B-LAW
's	O
objective	O
is	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
earth	O
's	O
heat	O
-	O
trapping	O
gases	O
by	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
12	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Delegates	O
have	O
been	O
unable	O
to	O
agree	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


The	O
sticking	O
point	O
is	O
how	O
countries	O
can	O
reduce	O
gas	O
emissions	O
without	O
actually	O
burning	O
less	O
fossil	O
fuel	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
a	B-DATE
forty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
something	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
she	O
just	O
does	O
n't	O
age	O
.	O


That	O
does	O
n't	O
mean	O
Barbie	B-PERSON
looks	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
she	O
used	O
to	O
.	O


Bob	B-PERSON
Glascoff	I-PERSON
reports	O
in	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
edition	O
of	O
``	O
Headliners	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


In	O
November	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	O
Barbie	B-PERSON
gets	O
a	O
makeover	O
to	O
give	O
her	O
a	O
more	O
youthful	O
and	O
contemporary	O
look	O
.	O


Toymaker	O
Mattel	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
refined	O
Barbie	B-PERSON
's	O
gravity	O
-	O
defying	O
proportions	O
by	O
slimming	O
her	O
bust	O
and	O
hips	O
and	O
widening	O
her	O
waist	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
giving	O
her	O
a	O
new	O
nose	O
.	O


Barbie	B-PERSON
Millicent	I-PERSON
Roberts	I-PERSON
,	O
named	O
after	O
the	O
daughter	O
of	O
a	O
Mattel	B-ORG
co-founder	O
,	O
hit	O
store	O
shelves	O
in	O
1959	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
buxom	O
bombshell	O
of	O
a	O
doll	O
underwent	O
two	B-CARDINAL
face	O
-	O
lifts	O
in	O
1967	B-DATE
and	O
1977	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
critics	O
continued	O
to	O
charge	O
that	O
her	O
abundant	O
curves	O
presented	O
an	O
unrealistic	O
body	O
ideal	O
for	O
young	O
girls	O
.	O


The	O
1997	B-DATE
makeover	O
made	O
Barbie	B-PERSON
less	O
busty	O
and	O
a	O
little	O
thicker	O
around	O
the	O
middle	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
also	O
doing	O
her	O
part	O
for	O
medical	O
science	O
.	O


Plastic	O
knee	O
joints	O
from	O
retired	O
dolls	O
are	O
now	O
used	O
to	O
make	O
knuckles	O
in	O
prosthetic	O
fingers	O
for	O
amputees	O
at	O
Duke	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
plastic	O
princess	O
has	O
had	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
75	I-CARDINAL
careers	O
,	O
including	O
rock	O
star	O
,	O
astronaut	O
and	O
presidential	O
candidate	O
.	O


With	O
``	O
Headliners	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
I	O
'm	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Glascoff	I-PERSON
.	O


A	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
report	O
on	O
AIDS	O
finds	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
infected	O
with	O
HIV	O
worldwide	O
is	O
growing	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
decrease	O
of	O
new	O
cases	O
in	O
Sub-saharan	O
Africa	B-LOC
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
report	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
36.1	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
25	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
cases	O
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
.	O


About	B-CARDINAL
5.3	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
were	O
infected	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Women	O
account	O
for	O
47	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
HIV	O
-	O
positive	O
adults	O
.	O


The	O
disease	O
is	O
spread	O
mainly	O
through	O
sex	O
and	O
needle	O
sharing	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
says	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
richest	O
countries	O
are	O
becoming	O
complacent	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
treatments	O
available	O
.	O


Hello	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
Kathleen	B-PERSON
Kennedy	I-PERSON
,	O
sitting	O
in	O
for	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
Roberts	I-PERSON
.	O


We	O
begin	O
this	B-TIME
half	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
with	O
the	O
latest	O
developments	O
in	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
.	O


Thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
disputed	O
ballots	O
in	O
South	O
Florida	B-GPE
are	O
being	O
prepared	O
for	O
shipment	O
to	O
the	O
state	O
capital	O
amid	O
tight	O
security	O
.	O


A	O
Tallahassee	B-GPE
judge	O
wants	O
them	O
in	O
case	O
they	O
are	O
needed	O
as	O
evidence	O
in	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
challenging	O
Florida	B-GPE
's	O
certified	O
vote	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
are	O
growing	O
signs	O
state	O
lawmakers	O
could	O
step	O
in	O
and	O
decide	O
the	O
winner	O
.	O


Jonathan	B-PERSON
Aiken	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


State	O
legislators	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
's	O
capitol	O
are	O
discussing	O
if	O
a	O
special	O
session	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
decide	O
which	O
25	B-CARDINAL
electors	O
will	O
represent	O
Florida	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-ORG
Electoral	I-ORG
College	I-ORG
--	O
a	O
Democratic	B-NORP
slate	O
?	O
or	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
slate	O
?	O


U.S.	B-GPE
law	O
allows	O
state	O
legislatures	O
to	O
choose	O
representatives	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Electoral	I-ORG
College	I-ORG
as	O
a	O
last	O
resort	O
.	O


Florida	B-GPE
lawmakers	O
may	O
go	O
that	O
route	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
disputed	O
recount	O
is	O
n't	O
settled	O
by	O
December	B-DATE
six	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
before	O
the	B-ORG
Electoral	I-ORG
College	I-ORG
meets	O
to	O
verify	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
.	O


Experts	O
are	O
telling	O
Florida	B-GPE
's	O
lawmakers	O
to	O
act	O
cautiously	O
.	O


The	O
right	O
to	O
vote	O
is	O
clearly	O
protected	O
by	O
the	B-LAW
First	I-LAW
Amendment	I-LAW
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
your	O
action	O
needs	O
to	O
take	O
that	O
into	O
consideration	O
.	O


As	O
lawmakers	O
consider	O
their	O
options	O
,	O
the	O
legal	O
fight	O
over	O
the	O
recount	O
continues	O
at	O
several	O
levels	O
.	O


In	O
Leon	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
includes	O
Tallahassee	B-GPE
,	O
Circuit	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
Judge	O
N.	B-PERSON
Sanders	I-PERSON
Sauls	I-PERSON
ordered	O
13,000	B-CARDINAL
contested	O
ballots	O
from	O
Miami	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Dade	I-GPE
and	O
Palm	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
counties	O
to	O
be	O
brought	O
to	O
Tallahassee	B-GPE
by	O
Saturday	B-DATE
.	O


That	O
's	O
when	O
he	O
'll	O
decide	O
if	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
counted	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
contested	O
ballots	O
from	O
Nassau	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
.	O


Miami	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Dade	I-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
is	O
heavily	O
Democratic	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
from	O
these	O
areas	O
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
officials	O
believe	O
,	O
that	O
a	O
hand	O
count	O
of	O
ballots	O
will	O
turn	O
up	O
enough	O
votes	O
to	O
overcome	O
Governor	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
lead	O
.	O


In	O
West	B-GPE
Palm	I-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
an	O
independent	O
,	O
conservative	O
group	O
called	O
Judicial	B-ORG
Watch	I-ORG
asked	O
a	O
court	O
to	O
let	O
it	O
see	O
those	O
ballots	O
for	O
itself	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
here	O
for	O
the	O
public	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
public	O
should	O
know	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
without	O
two	B-CARDINAL
adversaries	O
that	O
are	O
fighting	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


The	O
Gore	B-PERSON
camp	O
would	O
prefer	O
the	O
ballot	O
counting	O
from	O
all	O
disputed	O
counties	O
start	O
immediately	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
concerned	O
the	O
public	O
is	O
losing	O
patience	O
with	O
the	O
legal	O
challenges	O
to	O
the	O
Florida	B-GPE
vote	O
.	O


As	O
this	O
host	O
of	O
legal	O
actions	O
makes	O
its	O
way	O
through	O
the	O
Florida	B-GPE
court	O
system	O
,	O
attention	O
is	O
turning	O
to	O
the	O
legal	O
body	O
of	O
last	O
resort	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
--	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Oral	O
arguments	O
will	O
be	O
heard	O
Friday	B-DATE
on	O
a	O
request	O
by	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
campaign	O
to	O
overturn	O
a	O
decision	O
by	O
Florida	B-GPE
's	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
ruled	O
that	O
recounts	O
submitted	O
to	O
state	O
officials	O
after	O
a	O
filing	O
deadline	O
had	O
passed	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
counted	O
.	O


Jonathan	B-PERSON
Aiken	I-PERSON
,	O
for	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
left	O
his	O
residence	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Naval	I-FAC
Observatory	I-FAC
today	B-DATE
to	O
attend	O
to	O
his	O
duties	O
as	O
Vice	O
President	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
.	O


In	O
an	O
interview	O
taped	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
for	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
``	O
Today	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
show	O
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
thought	O
his	O
chance	O
of	O
winning	O
the	O
legal	O
battle	O
for	O
the	O
presidency	O
was	O
50	O
/	O
50	B-CARDINAL
.	O


He	O
was	O
asked	O
if	O
he	O
thought	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
was	O
trying	O
to	O
``	O
steal	O
''	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
never	O
used	O
that	O
word	O
,	O
that	O
phrase	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
well	O
,	O
in	O
one	O
public	O
statement	O
,	O
urged	O
my	O
supporters	O
never	O
to	O
use	O
that	O
phrase	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
both	O
Governor	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
should	O
recognize	O
an	O
obligation	O
during	O
this	O
time	O
when	O
the	O
votes	O
are	O
still	O
to	O
be	O
counted	O
,	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
restrain	O
the	O
passions	O
of	O
our	O
partisan	O
supporters	O
.	O


Judges	O
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
are	O
refusing	O
to	O
dismiss	O
charges	O
against	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
defendants	O
in	O
the	O
Lockerbie	B-GPE
bombing	O
trial	O
.	O


The	O
judges	O
have	O
rejected	O
defense	O
arguments	O
that	O
prosecutors	O
failed	O
to	O
link	O
the	O
man	O
to	O
the	O
explosion	O
that	O
brought	O
down	O
Pan	B-PRODUCT
Am	I-PRODUCT
Flight	I-PRODUCT
103	I-PRODUCT
.	O


The	O
suspect	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Libyan	B-NORP
nationals	O
charged	O
with	O
planting	O
a	O
bomb	O
on	O
board	O
.	O


270	B-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
killed	O
when	O
the	O
plane	O
exploded	O
over	O
Lockerbie	B-GPE
,	O
Scotland	B-GPE
,	O
12	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
prosecution	O
rested	O
its	O
case	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
after	O
five	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	O
hearings	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
is	O
proposing	O
an	O
interim	O
peace	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
proposal	O
would	O
give	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
a	O
state	O
and	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
more	O
land	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
would	O
put	O
off	O
decisions	O
on	O
the	O
fate	O
of	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
announced	O
the	O
proposition	O
in	O
a	O
speech	O
to	O
newspaper	O
editors	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
officials	O
say	O
they	O
have	O
not	O
formally	O
received	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
add	O
they	O
oppose	O
any	O
interim	O
agreement	O
.	O


AIDS	O
activists	O
are	O
observing	O
World	B-DATE
AIDS	I-DATE
Day	I-DATE
today	B-DATE
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
battle	O
complacency	O
and	O
ignorance	O
about	O
what	O
they	O
call	O
a	O
global	O
epidemic	O
.	O


Health	O
officials	O
say	O
36	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
are	O
living	O
with	O
the	O
incurable	O
disease	O
worldwide	O
.	O


Five	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
were	O
infected	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
says	O
men	O
must	O
take	O
responsibility	O
for	O
their	O
behavior	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
deadly	O
virus	O
.	O


U.N.	B-ORG
Secretary	O
-	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
says	O
men	O
can	O
make	O
a	O
particular	O
difference	O
by	O
being	O
more	O
caring	O
,	O
taking	O
fewer	O
risks	O
,	O
and	O
facing	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
AIDS	O
head	O
-	O
on	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
likely	O
cost	O
more	O
money	O
to	O
fix	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
than	O
was	O
first	B-ORDINAL
thought	O
.	O


The	O
Navy	B-ORG
has	O
sent	O
Congress	B-ORG
a	O
revised	O
repair	O
estimate	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
240	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Earlier	O
,	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
put	O
the	O
figure	O
at	O
$	B-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	O
$	B-MONEY
170	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
destroyer	O
was	O
damaged	O
October	B-DATE
in	O
a	O
suicide	O
bombing	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
were	O
killed	O
and	O
39	B-CARDINAL
others	O
injured	O
.	O


The	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
arrive	O
in	O
Mississippi	B-GPE
in	O
a	B-DATE
little	I-DATE
more	I-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
for	O
repairs	O
.	O


Americans	B-NORP
are	O
slowly	O
finding	O
out	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
health	O
benefits	O
associated	O
with	O
soy	O
.	O


Holly	B-PERSON
Firfer	I-PERSON
has	O
details	O
in	O
this	O
edition	O
of	O
``	O
Feeling	B-WORK_OF_ART
Fit	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


This	O
little	O
bean	O
native	O
to	O
northern	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
complete	O
protein	O
.	O


A	O
main	O
source	O
of	O
protein	O
for	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Asians	B-NORP
,	O
soy	O
is	O
also	O
rich	O
in	O
vitamin	O
B	O
and	O
dietary	O
fiber	O
.	O


Studies	O
have	O
shown	O
it	O
can	O
lower	O
cholesterol	O
and	O
reduce	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
heart	O
attacks	O
and	O
strokes	O
,	O
and	O
just	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
FDA	B-ORG
approved	O
labeling	O
on	O
soy	O
products	O
touting	O
the	O
benefits	O
in	O
reducing	O
heart	O
disease	O
.	O


Many	O
soy	O
products	O
can	O
now	O
be	O
found	O
on	O
your	O
local	O
grocer	O
's	O
shelf	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
green	O
,	O
immature	O
soybeans	O
in	O
the	O
pod	O
that	O
are	O
known	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
as	O
Edemame	O
.	O


A	O
bowl	O
of	O
cereal	O
with	O
some	O
soy	O
milk	O
to	O
put	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


If	O
someone	O
is	O
allergic	O
to	O
regular	O
milk	O
,	O
soy	O
milk	O
is	O
a	O
wonderful	O
alternative	O
.	O


Some	O
experts	O
also	O
claim	O
soy	O
may	O
slow	O
cancer	O
growth	O
,	O
prevent	O
osteoporosis	O
and	O
reduce	O
hot	O
flashes	O
during	O
menopause	O
.	O


Experts	O
do	O
caution	O
that	O
soy	O
should	O
be	O
eaten	O
in	O
moderation	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
although	O
soy	O
is	O
a	O
protein	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
some	O
food	O
allergies	O
,	O
so	O
check	O
with	O
your	O
doctor	O
.	O


For	O
``	O
Feeling	B-WORK_OF_ART
Fit	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
I	O
'm	O
Holly	B-PERSON
Firfer	I-PERSON
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
is	O
rejecting	O
calls	O
for	O
a	O
quick	O
settlement	O
with	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
to	O
end	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
violence	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


During	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
his	O
cabinet	O
,	O
Barak	B-PERSON
criticized	O
members	O
of	O
his	O
own	O
political	O
party	O
who	O
have	O
urged	O
him	O
to	O
finalize	O
an	O
agreement	O
before	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
leaves	O
office	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
declared	O
that	O
any	O
attempt	O
to	O
``	O
dictate	O
dates	O
''	O
is	O
``	O
bad	O
for	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O
''	O


Israeli	B-NORP
helicopter	O
gunships	O
opened	O
fire	O
on	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
position	O
in	O
Bethlehem	B-GPE
overnight	B-TIME
.	O


The	O
Army	B-ORG
says	O
the	O
choppers	O
were	O
firing	O
on	O
gunmen	O
who	O
were	O
shooting	O
at	O
Rachel	B-FAC
's	I-FAC
Tomb	I-FAC
for	O
several	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


That	O
holy	O
shrine	O
is	O
the	O
traditional	O
burial	O
place	O
of	O
the	O
biblical	O
matriarch	O
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
25	I-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
wounded	O
in	O
gun	O
battles	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


Earlier	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
were	O
stabbed	O
at	O
a	O
roadblock	O
north	O
of	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Meantime	O
,	O
aides	O
to	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
say	O
Israel	B-GPE
is	O
willing	O
to	O
cooperate	O
with	O
a	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
led	O
inquiry	O
into	O
the	O
violence	O
that	O
has	O
killed	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
319	I-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


Investigators	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
arrive	O
in	O
mid-December	B-DATE
.	O


Pepsi	B-ORG
hopes	O
to	O
take	O
Quaker	B-ORG
Oats	I-ORG
to	O
a	O
whole	O
new	O
level	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Myron	B-PERSON
Kandel	I-PERSON
at	O
the	O
cnnfn	B-ORG
newsdesk	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Pepsi	B-ORG
says	O
it	O
expects	O
to	O
double	O
Quaker	B-ORG
's	O
snack	O
food	O
growth	O
rate	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
month	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
long	I-DATE
courtship	O
,	O
they	O
agreed	O
to	O
buy	O
Quaker	B-ORG
Oats	I-ORG
for	O
$	B-MONEY
13.4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
their	O
stock	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
assumption	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
761	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
debt	O
.	O


That	O
comes	O
to	O
2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
less	O
a	O
share	O
than	O
Pepsi	B-ORG
's	O
original	O
offer	O
.	O


The	O
deal	O
gives	O
Pepsi	B-ORG
access	O
to	O
Quaker	B-ORG
Oats	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Gatorade	B-PRODUCT
sport	O
drink	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Quaker	B-ORG
's	O
profitable	O
snacks	O
business	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
up	O
about	B-PERCENT
60	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
revenue	O
.	O


Besides	O
Gatorade	B-PRODUCT
,	O
they	O
make	O
such	O
products	O
as	O
granola	O
bars	O
,	O
Captain	B-PRODUCT
Crunch	I-PRODUCT
cereal	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
soft	O
drink	O
,	O
Pepsi	B-ORG
also	O
owns	O
Tropicana	B-ORG
juices	O
and	O
Frito	B-ORG
Lay	I-ORG
products	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
is	O
denying	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
claims	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
are	O
in	O
urgent	O
talks	O
to	O
settle	O
a	O
dispute	O
.	O


Iraq	B-GPE
halted	O
oil	O
exports	O
five	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Baghdad	B-GPE
is	O
insisting	O
that	O
its	O
customers	O
pay	O
a	O
50	B-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
surcharge	O
on	O
every	O
barrel	O
of	O
oil	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
also	O
threatening	O
to	O
boycott	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
oil	O
to	O
countries	O
it	O
views	O
as	O
hostile	O
.	O


It	O
did	O
n't	O
give	O
any	O
specific	O
examples	O
,	O
but	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
is	O
an	O
obvious	O
target	O
.	O


Iraq	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
sixth	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
supplier	O
of	O
crude	O
oil	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
favorability	O
rating	O
is	O
slipping	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
since	O
he	O
emerged	O
as	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
running	O
mate	O
in	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
adults	O
now	O
view	O
him	O
unfavorably	O
.	O


The	O
latest	O
Gallup	B-WORK_OF_ART
Poll	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
completed	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
found	O
52	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
those	O
questioned	O
have	O
an	O
unfavorable	O
view	O
of	O
Gore	B-PERSON
,	O
compared	O
to	O
39	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
before	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


46	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
have	O
a	O
favorable	O
view	O
of	O
Gore	B-PERSON
,	O
compared	O
to	O
56	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
before	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


Up	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
six	I-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
could	O
be	O
tried	O
for	O
the	O
deadly	O
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


Yemeni	B-NORP
police	O
have	O
turned	O
over	O
their	O
names	O
and	O
evidence	O
to	O
a	O
prosecutor	O
.	O


Yemen	B-GPE
's	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
says	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
could	O
go	O
on	O
trial	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
FBI	B-ORG
is	O
not	O
commenting	O
.	O


In	O
October	B-DATE
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
suicide	O
bombers	O
blasted	O
a	O
huge	O
hole	O
in	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
as	O
it	O
sat	O
in	O
the	O
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
explosion	O
killed	O
17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
and	O
wounded	O
39	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Those	O
developments	O
come	O
amid	O
word	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
is	O
beefing	O
up	O
U.S.	B-GPE
military	O
personnel	O
and	O
patrol	O
boats	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Persian	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
.	O


Officials	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
being	O
sent	O
to	O
strengthen	O
security	O
at	O
ports	O
used	O
by	O
Navy	B-ORG
ships	O
.	O


The	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
arrive	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
's	O
probably	O
the	O
most	O
-	O
watched	O
vehicle	O
since	O
the	O
O.J.	B-PERSON
Simpson	I-PERSON
chase	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
yours	O
,	O
for	O
enough	O
money	O
.	O


The	O
Ryder	B-ORG
rental	O
truck	O
which	O
carried	O
Palm	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
County	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
ballots	O
to	O
Tallahassee	B-GPE
is	O
up	O
for	O
auction	O
on	O
the	O
internet	O
.	O


Budget	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
owns	O
Ryder	B-ORG
,	O
says	O
it	O
received	O
numerous	O
offers	O
,	O
but	O
decided	O
to	O
auction	O
the	O
truck	O
online	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
net	O
proceeds	O
going	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Red	I-ORG
Cross	I-ORG
.	O


So	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
good	O
cause	O
.	O


The	O
bidding	O
was	O
at	O
$	O
21,900	B-MONEY
this	O
morning	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
open	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
ordered	O
a	O
delay	O
in	O
what	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
federal	O
execution	O
in	O
37	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
granted	O
a	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
reprieve	O
to	O
convicted	O
killer	O
Juan	B-PERSON
Raul	I-PERSON
Garza	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
scheduled	O
to	O
die	O
at	O
a	O
federal	O
prison	O
in	O
Terre	B-GPE
Haute	I-GPE
,	O
Indiana	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
says	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
review	O
racial	O
and	O
geographic	O
disparities	O
in	O
the	O
federal	O
death	O
penalty	O
system	O
.	O


Garza	B-PERSON
was	O
convicted	O
in	O
1993	B-DATE
of	O
operating	O
a	O
drug	O
-	O
smuggling	O
organization	O
,	O
killing	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
associates	O
and	O
ordering	O
the	O
murders	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
others	O
.	O


Senator	O
Barbara	B-PERSON
Boxer	I-PERSON
of	O
California	B-GPE
is	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
to	O
support	O
the	O
undervote	O
recount	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
on	O
Election	B-DATE
Day	I-DATE
,	O
exit	O
polls	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
indicated	O
voters	O
chose	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
now	O
it	O
's	O
time	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
that	O
's	O
true	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
everyone	O
appreciated	O
what	O
she	O
had	O
to	O
say	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
something	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
say	O
to	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
people	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
up	O
here	O
speaking	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
not	O
boo	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
also	O
wanted	O
to	O
mention	O
to	O
them	O
that	O
I	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
state	O
that	O
elected	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Reagan	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
they	O
revere	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
those	O
same	O
people	O
elected	O
me	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
hope	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
have	O
the	O
decency	O
to	O
allow	O
me	O
to	O
speak	O
.	O


Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
will	O
pardon	O
and	O
release	O
American	B-NORP
businessman	O
Edmond	B-PERSON
Pope	I-PERSON
.	O


A	O
Russian	B-NORP
court	O
convicted	O
Pope	B-PERSON
Wednesday	B-DATE
on	O
espionage	O
charges	O
and	O
sentenced	O
him	O
to	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
prison	O
.	O


Pope	B-PERSON
denied	O
the	O
charges	O
and	O
appealed	O
to	O
Putin	B-PERSON
for	O
clemency	O
saying	O
he	O
needs	O
urgent	O
medical	O
aid	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
suffered	O
from	O
a	O
rare	O
type	O
of	O
bone	O
cancer	O
.	O


The	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
man	O
has	O
been	O
jailed	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
since	O
April	B-DATE
on	O
charges	O
he	O
tried	O
to	O
obtain	O
secret	O
plans	O
for	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
speed	O
torpedo	O
.	O


Pope	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
runs	O
a	O
technology	O
information	O
company	O
,	O
insisted	O
the	O
plans	O
were	O
freely	O
available	O
.	O


The	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
administration	O
is	O
praising	O
the	O
decision	O
to	O
release	O
Pope	B-PERSON
.	O


In	O
a	O
move	O
to	O
force	O
a	O
special	O
election	O
,	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
has	O
formally	O
resigned	O
as	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
of	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
plans	O
to	O
run	O
in	O
a	O
parliamentary	O
election	O
within	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
will	O
remain	O
in	O
office	O
until	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


Opposition	O
leaders	O
criticized	O
the	O
move	O
,	O
saying	O
the	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
avoid	O
a	O
showdown	O
.	O


We	O
try	O
to	O
prevent	O
any	O
way	O
of	O
competing	O
against	O
Mr.	O
Netanyahu	B-PERSON
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
maybe	O
he	O
now	O
has	O
more	O
chance	O
than	O
he	O
had	O
before	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
assure	O
him	O
that	O
no	O
matter	O
who	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
our	O
candidate	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
back	O
in	O
power	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
Likud	B-ORG
will	O
be	O
back	O
in	O
power	O
.	O


Opposition	O
leaders	O
criticized	O
the	O
move	O
,	O
saying	O
the	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
avoid	O
a	O
showdown	O
with	O
his	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
predecessor	O
,	O
Benjamin	B-PERSON
Netanyahu	I-PERSON
.	O


Netanyahu	B-PERSON
has	O
recently	O
moved	O
ahead	O
of	O
Barak	B-PERSON
in	O
popularity	O
polls	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
former	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
ca	O
n't	O
run	O
in	O
the	O
special	O
vote	O
because	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
currently	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
parliament	O
.	O


Yemen	B-GPE
's	O
President	O
says	O
his	O
country	O
's	O
constitution	O
wo	O
n't	O
allow	O
any	O
suspects	O
in	O
the	O
bombing	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
to	O
be	O
extradited	O
.	O


He	O
tells	O
``	B-ORG
the	I-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
authorities	O
are	O
still	O
searching	O
for	O
the	O
suspected	O
mastermind	O
behind	O
the	O
attack	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
would	O
n't	O
speculate	O
if	O
suspected	O
terrorist	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
was	O
involved	O
.	O


Next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
Yemen	B-GPE
plans	O
to	O
try	O
six	B-CARDINAL
suspects	O
in	O
the	O
October	B-DATE
suicide	O
bombing	O
that	O
killed	O
17	B-CARDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
sailors	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Labor	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
has	O
named	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
its	O
candidate	O
for	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
.	O


Hours	B-TIME
before	O
the	O
announcement	O
,	O
Barak	B-PERSON
tendered	O
his	O
resignation	O
from	O
the	O
post	O
,	O
a	O
move	O
that	O
forces	O
a	O
special	O
election	O
within	O
60	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
'll	O
remain	O
in	O
office	O
until	O
that	O
election	O
is	O
held	O
.	O


The	O
opposition	O
Likud	B-ORG
party	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
named	O
a	O
candidate	O
for	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
.	O


South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
President	O
Kim	B-PERSON
Dae	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jung	I-PERSON
has	O
accepted	O
his	O
Nobel	B-WORK_OF_ART
Peace	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


The	O
award	O
recognizes	O
his	O
efforts	O
to	O
end	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
bad	O
blood	O
between	O
North	B-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
.	O


Though	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
are	O
still	O
technically	O
at	O
war	O
,	O
President	O
Kim	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
dissident	O
,	O
met	O
with	O
his	O
North	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
counterpart	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
to	O
move	O
toward	O
reconciliation	O
.	O


In	O
accepting	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Peace	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
the	O
75	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
President	O
pledged	O
to	O
continue	O
fighting	O
for	O
human	O
rights	O
and	O
peace	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
holding	O
separate	O
meetings	O
with	O
rival	O
political	O
leaders	O
in	O
the	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
peace	O
process	O
.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
helped	O
broker	O
the	O
1998	B-DATE
Good	I-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
peace	O
accord	O
,	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
trying	O
to	O
keep	O
it	O
from	O
unraveling	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
in	O
Belfast	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
meets	O
with	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
First	B-CARDINAL
Minister	O
David	B-PERSON
Trimble	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
loyalist	O
Ulster	B-ORG
Unionist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Sinn	B-ORG
Fein	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Gerry	B-PERSON
Adams	I-PERSON
.	O


British	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Blair	I-PERSON
is	O
accompanying	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
for	O
the	O
talks	O
.	O


Joining	O
us	O
today	B-DATE
to	O
put	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
in	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
perspective	O
is	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
CNN	I-WORK_OF_ART
Headline	I-WORK_OF_ART
News	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
'	I-WORK_OF_ART
political	O
analyst	O
Michele	B-PERSON
Mitchell	I-PERSON
.	O


Hi	O
,	O
Michele	B-PERSON
.	O


Hi	O
,	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
.	O


,	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
cabinet	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
diverse	O
and	O
will	O
he	O
reach	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
aisle	O
?	O


He	O
's	O
saying	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
impossible	O
task	O
,	O
not	O
because	O
he	O
is	O
n't	O
interested	O
in	O
appointing	O
Democrats	B-NORP
,	O
but	O
because	O
the	O
word	O
has	O
gone	O
out	O
not	O
to	O
accept	O
a	O
position	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
this	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
tactic	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
regain	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
and	O
Senate	B-ORG
in	O
2002	B-DATE
and	O
2004	B-DATE
.	O


It	O
may	O
be	O
not	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
fault	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
Democratic	B-NORP
faces	O
around	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
for	O
want	O
on	O
his	O
part	O
.	O


So	O
there	O
is	O
word	O
among	O
Democrats	B-NORP
not	O
to	O
accept	O
a	O
cabinet	O
post	O
?	O


Yes	O
.	O


How	O
can	O
they	O
make	O
everybody	O
fall	O
into	O
line	O
on	O
that	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
easy	O
.	O


You	O
want	O
the	O
campaign	O
funds	O
when	O
you	O
run	O
in	O
2002	B-DATE
?	O


It	O
's	O
fairly	O
easy	O
to	O
put	O
pressure	O
like	O
that	O
on	O
Democrats	B-NORP
.	O


There	O
might	O
be	O
rogue	O
Democrats	B-NORP
who	O
is	O
more	O
conservative	O
that	O
really	O
does	O
n't	O
care	O
and	O
is	O
interested	O
in	O
serving	O
in	O
a	O
Cabinet	O
post	O
.	O


That	O
may	O
be	O
where	O
he	O
finds	O
the	O
best	O
luck	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
probably	O
going	O
to	O
appoint	O
two	B-CARDINAL
prominant	O
African	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Americans	I-NORP
,	O
Rice	B-PERSON
and	O
Powell	B-PERSON
.	O


Any	O
other	O
outreach	O
to	O
the	O
black	O
community	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
those	O
are	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
main	O
appointees	O
and	O
the	O
glittering	O
stars	O
in	O
the	O
crown	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
way	O
in	O
reaching	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
black	O
community	O
which	O
feels	O
more	O
than	O
alienated	O
after	O
this	O
election	O
if	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
leaders	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
believed	O
.	O


Is	O
there	O
a	O
risk	O
if	O
he	O
becomes	O
a	O
centrist	O
,	O
does	O
he	O
risk	O
alienating	O
the	O
hard	O
right	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
,	O
the	B-PERSON
Tom	I-PERSON
D	I-PERSON
Lays	I-PERSON
and	O
others	O
?	O


This	O
is	O
his	O
big	O
problem	O
right	O
away	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
a	O
centrist	O
and	O
Tom	B-PERSON
D	I-PERSON
Lay	I-PERSON
has	O
already	O
said	O
,	O
Hey	O
,	O
look	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
what	O
we	O
did	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
really	O
great	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
really	O
big	O
problem	O
because	O
the	O
conservatives	O
have	O
sat	O
on	O
their	O
hands	O
,	O
saying	O
,	O
If	O
we	O
shut	O
up	O
,	O
is	O
Bush	B-PERSON
going	O
to	O
win	O
?	O


The	O
conservatives	O
want	O
to	O
push	O
through	O
the	O
agenda	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
thorn	O
in	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
side	O
already	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
do	O
not	O
like	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Let	O
the	O
games	O
begin	O
.	O


All	O
right	O
,	O
Michele	B-PERSON
Mitchell	I-PERSON
,	O
thanks	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
is	O
visiting	O
Havana	B-GPE
for	O
talks	O
with	O
Cuban	B-NORP
President	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
.	O


Putin	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
to	O
visit	O
Cuba	B-GPE
since	O
the	O
collapse	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
.	O


Castro	B-PERSON
greeted	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
leader	O
when	O
he	O
arrived	O
late	B-TIME
last	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
.	O


Both	O
Russia	B-GPE
and	O
Cuba	B-GPE
want	O
to	O
renew	O
their	O
decades	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
relationship	O
that	O
cooled	O
after	O
the	O
collapse	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
leaders	O
will	O
discuss	O
trade	O
and	O
other	O
issues	O
,	O
including	O
Cuba	B-GPE
's	O
$	B-MONEY
11	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
Soviet	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
era	I-DATE
debt	O
.	O


A	O
survey	O
on	O
hunger	O
finds	O
requests	O
from	O
major	O
cities	O
for	O
food	O
and	O
shelter	O
rose	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
a	O
healthy	O
economy	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Conference	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Mayors	I-ORG
found	O
requests	O
for	O
food	O
were	O
up	O
17	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Demand	O
for	O
emergency	O
food	O
assistance	O
for	O
families	O
with	O
children	O
rose	O
16	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
shelter	O
requests	O
went	O
up	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Officials	O
expect	O
those	O
trends	O
to	O
continue	O
into	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Midlevel	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
are	O
expected	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
for	O
separate	O
consultations	O
on	O
the	O
crisis	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
talks	O
will	O
follow	O
three	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
negotiations	O
that	O
went	O
on	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
against	O
the	O
backdrop	O
of	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
funeral	O
for	O
a	O
22	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
victim	O
of	O
the	O
ongoing	O
violence	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
six	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
killed	O
in	O
Friday	B-DATE
clashes	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
senior	O
adviser	O
says	O
Palestinian	B-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
President	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
is	O
working	O
with	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
in	O
a	O
push	O
for	O
a	O
peace	O
agreement	O
before	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
leaves	O
office	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
considers	O
interest	O
rates	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
key	O
economic	O
reports	O
come	O
out	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Kitty	B-PERSON
Pilgrim	I-PERSON
has	O
more	O
in	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
edition	O
of	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
Ahead	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Curve	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
will	O
be	O
on	O
Fed	B-ORG
watch	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


On	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
Open	I-ORG
Market	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
meets	O
for	O
the	O
final	O
time	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
discuss	O
interest	O
rates	O
.	O


Recent	O
economic	O
reports	O
indicate	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
slowing	O
,	O
leading	O
analysts	O
to	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
will	O
most	O
likely	O
ease	O
the	O
inflation	O
-	O
fighting	O
policy	O
and	O
take	O
a	O
more	O
neutral	O
stance	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
has	O
held	O
rates	O
steady	O
in	O
its	O
last	O
four	B-CARDINAL
meetings	O
.	O


Also	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
October	B-DATE
international	O
trade	O
figures	O
are	O
out	O
.	O


The	O
deficit	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
drop	O
from	O
September	B-DATE
's	O
record	O
high	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
34.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
to	O
just	B-MONEY
over	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
33	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Also	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
November	B-DATE
housing	O
starts	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
forecast	O
to	O
hold	O
steady	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
revised	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
gross	O
domestic	O
product	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
remain	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
previous	O
figures	O
,	O
up	B-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
.4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Rounding	O
out	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
November	B-DATE
personal	O
income	O
and	O
outlays	O
figures	O
and	O
November	B-DATE
durable	O
goods	O
.	O


Personal	O
income	O
and	O
spending	O
are	O
both	O
expected	O
to	O
rise	O
,	O
and	O
sales	O
of	O
durable	O
goods	O
should	O
climb	O
slightly	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


To	O
stay	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
Ahead	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Curve	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
all	O
week	O
long	O
,	O
watch	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Moneyline	I-WORK_OF_ART
News	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hour	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
with	O
Willow	B-PERSON
Bay	I-PERSON
and	O
Stewart	B-PERSON
Varney	I-PERSON
,	O
week	B-DATE
nights	I-DATE
at	O
on	O
CNN	B-ORG
.	O


Kitty	B-PERSON
Pilgrim	I-PERSON
,	O
``	O
CNN	B-WORK_OF_ART
Financial	I-WORK_OF_ART
News	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Investors	O
on	O
Wall	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
word	O
from	O
Federal	B-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Alan	B-PERSON
Greenspan	I-PERSON
on	O
interest	O
rates	O
.	O


Greenspan	B-PERSON
will	O
meet	O
with	O
the	O
Federal	B-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
policymakers	O
today	B-DATE
for	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


There	O
's	O
widespread	O
hope	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
will	O
do	O
something	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
economic	O
slowdown	O
.	O


That	O
could	O
mean	O
a	O
rate	O
slash	O
.	O


Earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
suggests	O
cuts	O
could	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


While	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
deep	O
freeze	O
,	O
an	O
annual	B-DATE
report	O
on	O
the	O
climate	O
shows	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
has	O
had	O
its	O
share	O
of	O
warm	O
weather	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Natalie	B-PERSON
Pawelski	I-PERSON
has	O
details	O
.	O


Look	O
outside	O
right	O
now	O
and	O
you	O
might	O
not	O
believe	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
snow	O
or	O
no	O
,	O
around	O
the	O
globe	O
the	O
year	O
2000	B-DATE
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
warmest	O
on	O
record	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
globe	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
looking	O
at	O
around	O
the	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
warmest	O
year	B-DATE
on	O
record	O
.	O


With	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
to	O
go	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
returns	O
are	O
n't	O
all	O
in	O
yet	O
,	O
but	O
weather	O
pundits	O
are	O
projecting	O
a	O
swing	O
to	O
the	O
warm	O
on	O
the	O
domestic	O
front	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


From	O
January	B-DATE
through	O
October	B-DATE
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
was	O
the	O
hottest	O
on	O
record	O
,	O
featuring	O
widespread	O
wildfires	O
and	O
drought	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
La	I-EVENT
Ni	I-EVENT
a	O
weather	O
system	O
disappeared	O
,	O
things	O
cooled	O
down	O
at	O
year	B-DATE
's	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
even	O
so	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Oceanic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Atmospheric	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
figures	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
will	O
go	O
into	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
record	O
books	O
somewhere	O
between	O
the	O
and	O
the	O
hottest	O
on	O
U.S.	B-GPE
record	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
seeing	O
global	O
warming	O
.	O


The	O
scientists	O
tell	O
us	O
they	O
simply	O
can	O
not	O
explain	O
the	O
patterns	O
of	O
temperature	O
that	O
we	O
see	O
and	O
the	O
trends	O
without	O
including	O
the	O
impacts	O
of	O
human	O
intervention	O
in	O
the	O
climate	O
.	O


Global	O
warming	O
wo	O
n't	O
keep	O
you	O
cozy	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
though	O
.	O


Forecasters	O
are	O
calling	O
for	O
colder	O
-	O
than	O
-	O
average	O
temperatures	O
in	O
the	O
Midwest	B-LOC
and	O
Mountain	B-LOC
West	I-LOC
,	O
warmer	O
in	O
the	O
southern	O
tier	O
of	O
states	O
.	O


Over	O
all	O
,	O
a	O
more	O
-	O
or	O
-	O
less	O
normal	O
winter	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
normal	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
what	O
you	O
think	O
.	O


Most	O
people	O
,	O
when	O
they	O
think	O
of	O
normals	O
,	O
think	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
pretty	O
mild	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Translation	O
,	O
for	O
most	O
Americans	B-NORP
--	O
bundle	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
shovels	O
and	O
sleds	O
at	O
the	O
ready	O
.	O


Natalie	B-PERSON
Pawelski	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
.	O


Major	O
announcement	O
from	O
Israel	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
.	O


Former	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Benjamin	B-PERSON
Netanyahu	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
run	O
for	O
his	O
old	O
job	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
the	O
current	O
excess	O
of	O
parties	O
in	O
parliament	O
makes	O
it	O
hard	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
stable	O
,	O
long	O
-	O
lasting	O
coalition	O
.	O


The	O
statement	O
came	O
after	O
members	O
of	O
parliament	O
refused	O
to	O
call	O
elections	O
for	O
themselves	O
.	O


Netanyahu	B-PERSON
's	O
withdrawal	O
leaves	O
Likud	B-ORG
leader	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
as	O
the	O
only	O
candidate	O
running	O
against	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
former	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
tells	O
Israeli	B-NORP
radio	O
he	O
's	O
considering	O
running	O
.	O


The	O
special	O
election	O
was	O
called	O
when	O
Barak	B-PERSON
unexpectedly	O
resigned	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
will	O
most	O
likely	O
take	O
place	O
February	B-DATE
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
officials	O
have	O
released	O
a	O
photo	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
suicide	O
bombers	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
in	O
the	O
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
October	B-DATE
.	O


17	B-CARDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
sailors	O
were	O
killed	O
and	O
39	B-CARDINAL
others	O
hurt	O
.	O


The	O
officials	O
say	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
national	O
Hussan	B-PERSON
Saeed	I-PERSON
Awad	I-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
khamri	I-PERSON
was	O
described	O
by	O
a	O
boy	O
as	O
having	O
launched	O
the	O
boat	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
attack	O
.	O


Six	B-CARDINAL
possible	O
suspects	O
are	O
still	O
being	O
held	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
pending	O
a	O
trial	O
that	O
could	O
start	O
as	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
as	I-DATE
next	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Investigators	O
say	O
they	O
're	O
still	O
looking	O
for	O
other	O
key	O
suspects	O
.	O


An	O
electrical	O
engineer	O
in	O
Australia	B-GPE
is	O
making	O
the	O
holidays	O
brighter	O
for	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
.	O


Denise	B-PERSON
Dillon	I-PERSON
reports	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
your	O
ordinary	O
Christmas	O
light	O
display	O
.	O


7777	O


Welcome	O
to	O
Len	B-PERSON
Doof	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
house	O
in	O
Adelaide	B-GPE
,	O
Australia	B-GPE
.	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


All	O
this	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
man	O
's	O
personal	O
Christmas	O
decoration	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
his	O
annual	B-DATE
Christmas	O
display	O
,	O
and	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
come	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
blinking	O
,	O
spinning	O
,	O
twirling	O
lights	O
and	O
hear	O
the	O
holiday	O
music	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
52,000	I-CARDINAL
lights	O
,	O
all	O
synchronized	O
to	O
Christmas	O
carols	O
.	O


It	O
takes	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
10	I-QUANTITY
1	I-QUANTITY
/	I-QUANTITY
2	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
of	O
cable	O
and	O
wire	O
to	O
hook	O
it	O
all	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
23	B-CARDINAL
computers	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
definitely	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
Christmas	O
display	O
.	O


Doof	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
an	O
electrical	O
engineer	O
,	O
says	O
his	O
vision	O
for	O
the	O
display	O
was	O
ahead	O
of	O
its	O
time	O
.	O


I	O
actually	O
had	O
a	O
dream	O
about	O
it	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
ago	O
,	O
and	O
dreamt	O
up	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
the	O
chips	O
to	O
put	O
in	O
the	O
computers	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
work	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
was	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
before	O
chips	O
were	O
anything	O
other	O
than	O
fish	O
and	O
chips	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
display	O
has	O
gotten	O
bigger	O
and	O
brighter	O
,	O
and	O
Doof	B-PERSON
says	O
this	O
one	O
is	O
the	O
biggest	O
yet	O
.	O


He	O
spends	O
long	O
hours	O
on	O
his	O
elaborate	O
display	O
.	O


He	O
started	O
working	O
on	O
it	O
last	B-DATE
March	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
pays	O
careful	O
attention	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
fine	O
details	O
.	O


Every	O
year	O
,	O
he	O
hand	O
-	O
paints	O
about	B-CARDINAL
30,000	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
tiny	O
globes	O
that	O
decorate	O
his	O
home	O
.	O


Doof	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
goes	O
to	O
such	O
extremes	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
reason	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
Christmas	B-DATE
.	O


It	O
's	O
my	O
Christmas	O
present	O
to	O
everybody	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
my	O
Christmas	O
present	O
to	O
myself	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
people	O
coming	O
to	O
see	O
it	O
,	O
that	O
makes	O
me	O
very	O
happy	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
hope	O
I	O
make	O
them	O
very	O
happy	O
.	O


7777	O


Denise	B-PERSON
Dillon	I-PERSON
,	O
``	O
Headline	B-WORK_OF_ART
News	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Madeleine	B-PERSON
Albright	I-PERSON
is	O
joining	O
peace	O
talks	O
between	O
Israel	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
negotiations	O
are	O
entering	O
a	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
today	B-DATE
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
met	O
with	O
Mideast	B-LOC
negotiators	O
yesterday	B-DATE
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
.	O


He	O
urged	O
them	O
to	O
keep	O
working	O
toward	O
peace	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
.	O


An	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Minister	O
describes	O
the	O
talks	O
as	O
``	O
very	O
fruitful	O
,	O
''	O
but	O
a	O
chief	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiator	O
says	O
serious	O
differences	O
remain	O
.	O


The	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
are	O
pressing	O
their	O
demands	O
for	O
Israel	B-GPE
to	O
withdraw	O
from	O
disputed	O
East	B-GPE
Jerusalem	I-GPE
and	O
accept	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
refugees	O
.	O


The	O
EPA	B-ORG
has	O
announced	O
new	O
rules	O
to	O
cut	O
truck	O
and	O
bus	O
pollution	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
apply	O
to	O
new	O
trucks	O
and	O
replacement	O
engines	O
sold	O
beginning	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
2006	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
rules	O
will	O
toughen	O
emission	O
standards	O
and	O
will	O
require	O
diesel	O
fuel	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
with	O
almost	O
no	O
sulfur	O
.	O


Anybody	O
who	O
has	O
ever	O
driven	O
behind	O
a	O
large	O
truck	O
or	O
bus	O
knows	O
all	O
too	O
well	O
the	O
foul	O
smell	O
,	O
the	O
grimey	O
residue	O
of	O
diesel	O
exhaust	O
.	O


The	O
cloud	O
that	O
follows	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
dirty	O
,	O
smoky	O
,	O
cough	O
inducing	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
real	O
threat	O
to	O
our	O
health	O
and	O
environment	O
.	O


Premature	O
deaths	O
including	O
cancers	O
,	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
,	O
acid	O
rain	O
,	O
asthma	O
attacks	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
our	O
children	O
.	O


The	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
cut	O
dirty	O
air	O
from	O
trucks	O
and	O
buses	O
by	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
.	O


Experts	O
say	O
a	O
reduction	O
like	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
equal	O
to	O
taking	O
13	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
trucks	O
off	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


Some	O
Canadian	B-NORP
farmers	O
are	O
steamed	O
at	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


It	O
's	O
because	O
of	O
potatoes	O
.	O


Some	O
spuds	O
from	O
Prince	B-GPE
Edward	I-GPE
Island	I-GPE
are	O
being	O
turned	O
back	O
at	O
the	O
border	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
fungus	O
.	O


Officials	O
say	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
is	O
overreacting	O
.	O


The	O
farmers	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
losing	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
and	O
the	O
island	O
's	O
government	O
says	O
it	O
might	O
comment	O
say	O
the	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
situation	O
is	O
much	O
more	O
pessimistic	O
and	O
tense	O
half	B-CARDINAL
a	O
world	O
away	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


Matthew	B-PERSON
Chance	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
with	O
the	O
latest	O
.	O


Those	O
peace	O
moves	O
may	O
be	O
gathering	O
pace	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
talk	O
here	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
-	O
controlled	O
territories	O
is	O
of	O
further	O
conflict	O
.	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
funerals	O
have	O
been	O
taking	O
place	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
today	B-DATE
following	O
a	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
clashes	O
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
those	O
after	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
teenager	O
was	O
shot	O
and	O
killed	O
in	O
a	O
confrontation	O
near	O
Hebron	B-GPE
with	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
.	O


Another	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
man	O
was	O
also	O
killed	O
near	O
Hebron	B-GPE
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


We	O
are	O
told	O
he	O
was	O
shot	O
dead	O
by	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settler	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
say	O
he	O
tried	O
to	O
stab	O
the	O
settler	O
before	O
he	O
was	O
killed	O
.	O


All	O
this	O
following	O
a	O
suicide	O
bomb	O
attack	O
on	O
a	O
roadside	O
cafe	O
near	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
settlement	O
of	O
Mehola	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
left	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
injured	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
340	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
mostly	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
,	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
latest	O
round	O
of	O
confrontation	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
12	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
between	O
Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


As	O
I	O
say	O
that	O
violence	O
is	O
continuing	O
on	O
a	O
day	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
day	O
basis	O
creating	O
a	O
very	O
uncertain	O
,	O
very	O
gloomy	O
backdrop	O
for	O
these	O
Washington	B-GPE
talks	O
to	O
go	O
ahead	O
.	O


Again	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
Matthew	B-PERSON
Chance	I-PERSON
reporting	O
from	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
's	O
Election	B-DATE
Day	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
republic	O
of	O
Serbia	B-GPE
.	O


Voters	O
are	O
choosing	O
a	O
new	O
parliament	O
.	O


Polls	O
show	O
President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
's	O
government	O
could	O
win	O
the	O
majority	O
it	O
needs	O
to	O
begin	O
introducing	O
its	O
reforms	O
.	O


Earlier	B-TIME
today	I-TIME
,	O
former	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
cast	O
his	O
ballot	O
.	O


If	O
his	O
party	O
loses	O
as	O
predicted	O
,	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
could	O
be	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
U.N.	B-ORG
war	O
crimes	O
prosecution	O
.	O


Preliminary	O
results	O
are	O
expected	O
later	B-TIME
today	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
travel	O
rush	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
only	O
thing	O
some	O
airline	O
passengers	O
are	O
complaining	O
about	O
.	O


Some	O
say	O
they	O
feel	O
worse	O
after	O
flying	O
than	O
they	O
did	O
before	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
``	O
bad	O
air	O
''	O
to	O
blame	O
?	O


Jim	B-PERSON
Morelli	I-PERSON
takes	O
a	O
look	O
.	O


Ask	O
passengers	O
what	O
they	O
think	O
of	O
the	O
air	O
they	O
're	O
breathing	O
aboard	O
a	O
plane	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
may	O
get	O
answers	O
similar	O
to	O
these	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
safe	O
or	O
healthy	O
quality	O
of	O
air	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
of	O
low	O
quality	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
recirculated	O
and	O
recirculated	O
.	O


Very	O
frequent	O
complaint	O
.	O


They	O
call	O
us	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
little	O
fever	O
,	O
perhaps	O
,	O
sinus	O
congestion	O
cold	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
pervasive	O
belief	O
that	O
the	O
air	O
on	O
planes	O
is	O
teaming	O
with	O
dangerous	O
microorganisms	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
scientifically	O
proven	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
that	O
the	O
air	O
in	O
your	O
own	O
home	O
could	O
be	O
dirtier	O
than	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
breathing	O
on	O
the	O
plane	O
.	O


Possible	O
because	O
the	O
fresh	O
air	O
pulled	O
in	O
during	O
flight	O
may	O
be	O
less	O
polluted	O
than	O
the	O
air	O
closer	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
,	O
and	O
though	O
a	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
air	O
on	O
planes	O
is	O
recirculated	O
,	O
it	O
must	O
pass	O
through	O
very	O
restrictive	O
filters	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
called	O
high	O
-	O
efficiency	O
particulate	O
air	O
filters	O
.	O


These	O
filters	O
screen	O
out	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
fine	O
particles	O
.	O


Particles	O
such	O
as	O
viruses	O
,	O
bacteria	O
and	O
pollen	O
.	O


But	O
powerful	O
as	O
those	O
filters	O
are	O
,	O
they	O
ca	O
n't	O
remedy	O
everything	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
air	O
system	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
protect	O
you	O
from	O
the	O
person	O
sitting	O
next	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
law	O
of	O
physics	O
...	O


Which	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
only	O
man	O
on	O
the	O
pl	O
if	O
your	O
seat	O
or	O
flu	O
,	O
as	O
this	O
tissue	O
will	O
sit	O
next	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Thank	O
goodness	O
for	O
Kleenex	B-PRODUCT
tissues	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
fair	O
chance	O
you	O
might	O
come	O
down	O
with	O
it	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
air	O
on	O
planes	O
may	O
be	O
getting	O
dirtier	O
.	O


With	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
flying	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
a	O
recent	O
review	O
of	O
cabin	O
air	O
studies	O
called	O
for	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Centers	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Disease	I-ORG
Control	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Prevention	I-ORG
,	O
found	O
the	O
research	O
scientifically	O
limited	O
and	O
recommended	O
it	O
be	O
considered	O
tentative	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
's	O
a	O
passenger	O
to	O
do	O
?	O


You	O
get	O
rest	O
.	O


You	O
keep	O
hydrated	O
.	O


You	O
eat	O
well	O
,	O
get	O
a	O
flu	O
shot	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
wash	O
your	O
hands	O
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
Morelli	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
official	O
parliamentary	O
vote	O
results	O
in	O
the	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
republic	O
of	O
Serbia	B-GPE
show	O
President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
's	O
reform	O
government	O
winning	O
in	O
a	O
landslide	O
victory	O
.	O


The	O
official	O
electoral	O
commission	O
says	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Opposition	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Serbia	I-ORG
won	O
about	B-PERCENT
65	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
vote	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
13	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Socialist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
.	O


That	O
's	O
based	O
on	O
returns	O
from	O
just	B-CARDINAL
under	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
of	O
polling	O
stations	O
.	O


Kostunica	B-PERSON
defeated	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
in	O
September	B-DATE
's	O
presidential	O
elections	O
.	O


Milosevic	B-PERSON
will	O
be	O
swept	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
powerful	O
Serbian	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
leaving	O
him	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
U.N.	B-ORG
war	O
crimes	O
prosecution	O
.	O


Final	O
official	O
voting	O
results	O
could	O
take	O
until	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
.	O


Jury	O
selection	O
is	O
under	O
way	O
in	O
the	O
trial	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
men	O
accused	O
in	O
the	O
1998	B-DATE
U.S.	B-GPE
embassy	O
bombings	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
.	O


Twin	O
terrorist	O
attacks	O
in	O
Kenya	B-GPE
and	O
Tanzania	B-GPE
killed	O
224	B-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


Security	O
is	O
exceptionally	O
tight	O
around	O
the	O
courtroom	O
and	O
the	O
judge	O
has	O
closed	O
the	O
jury	O
selection	O
proceedings	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O


Picking	O
a	O
jury	O
could	O
take	O
a	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Prosecutors	O
say	O
the	O
bombings	O
were	O
orchestrated	O
by	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
standing	O
trial	O
is	O
accused	O
of	O
serving	O
as	O
Bin	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
personal	O
secretary	O
.	O


The	O
four	B-CARDINAL
defendants	O
are	O
among	O
22	B-CARDINAL
suspects	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
bombings	O
.	O


Russia	B-GPE
is	O
denying	O
reports	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
moved	O
short	O
-	O
range	O
nuclear	O
weapons	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
military	O
bases	O
in	O
the	O
Baltics	B-LOC
.	O


The	B-ORG
Associated	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
quotes	O
senior	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
administration	O
officials	O
as	O
saying	O
,	O
the	O
missiles	O
were	O
removed	O
in	O
recent	O
months	O
.	O


``	B-ORG
The	I-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
reports	O
the	O
missiles	O
have	O
been	O
positioned	O
at	O
the	O
Baltic	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
port	O
base	O
of	O
Kaliningrad	B-FAC
,	O
a	O
thin	O
sliver	O
of	O
Russian	B-NORP
territory	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
headquarters	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Russian	I-ORG
Baltic	I-ORG
Fleet	I-ORG
.	O


Officials	O
in	O
the	O
Baltic	B-NORP
states	O
of	O
Estonia	B-GPE
,	O
Latvia	B-GPE
and	O
Lithuania	B-GPE
said	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
confirm	O
the	O
reports	O
.	O


Pentagon	B-ORG
sources	O
tell	O
CNN	B-ORG
the	O
commander	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
failed	O
to	O
implement	O
basic	O
measures	O
to	O
protect	O
his	O
crew	O
.	O


17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
were	O
killed	O
when	O
the	O
warship	O
was	O
bombed	O
in	O
a	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
.	O


Jamie	B-PERSON
McIntyre	I-PERSON
has	O
details	O
.	O


CNN	B-ORG
has	O
learned	O
that	O
the	O
crew	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
was	O
not	O
briefed	O
on	O
the	O
seriousness	O
of	O
the	O
threat	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
nor	O
warned	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
guard	O
for	O
possible	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
the	O
warship	O
was	O
bombed	O
.	O


When	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
entered	O
the	O
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
October	B-DATE
it	O
was	O
operating	O
under	O
``	O
threat	O
condition	O
Bravo	O
,	O
''	O
an	O
alert	O
level	O
that	O
warns	O
of	O
``	O
an	O
increased	O
and	O
more	O
predictable	O
threat	O
of	O
terrorist	O
activity	O
.	O
''	O


Pentagon	B-ORG
sources	O
say	O
almost	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
62	B-CARDINAL
security	O
measures	O
that	O
were	O
intended	O
to	O
protect	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
from	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
were	O
not	O
carried	O
out	O
.	O


While	O
many	O
were	O
not	O
required	O
because	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
was	O
refueling	O
in	O
the	O
harbor	O
,	O
not	O
at	O
a	O
pier	O
,	O
others	O
were	O
judged	O
to	O
be	O
significant	O
lapses	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
sources	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
ship	O
protection	O
plan	O
filed	O
by	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
's	O
''	O
commanding	O
officer	O
of	O
terrorism	O
and	O
warned	O
to	O
be	O
suspicious	O
and	O
inquisitive	O
of	O
strangers	O
.	O


Another	O
provision	O
specifically	O
warned	O
that	O
small	O
boats	O
require	O
special	O
concern	O
because	O
they	O
can	O
serve	O
as	O
an	O
ideal	O
platform	O
for	O
terrorists	O
,	O
but	O
Lippold	B-PERSON
failed	O
to	O
ensure	O
those	O
briefings	O
were	O
given	O
according	O
to	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
sources	O
.	O


The	O
crew	O
was	O
also	O
supposed	O
to	O
identify	O
and	O
inspect	O
all	O
work	O
boats	O
,	O
keep	O
unauthorized	O
craft	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
ship	O
,	O
and	O
prepare	O
fire	O
hoses	O
to	O
repel	O
borders	O
.	O


Those	O
precautions	O
were	O
not	O
taken	O
either	O
,	O
sources	O
say	O
.	O


The	O
40	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
hole	O
in	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
has	O
now	O
been	O
patched	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
warship	O
is	O
in	O
Mississippi	B-GPE
for	O
repairs	O
that	O
will	O
cost	O
$	B-MONEY
240	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
and	O
take	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
complete	O
.	O


Senior	O
Navy	B-ORG
officials	O
are	O
still	O
debating	O
the	O
fate	O
of	O
Commander	O
Lippold	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
along	O
with	O
several	O
subordinate	O
officers	O
,	O
could	O
be	O
subject	O
to	O
career	O
-	O
ending	O
discipline	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
judged	O
the	O
security	O
lapses	O
left	O
the	O
billion	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
destroyer	O
more	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
attack	O
.	O


Jamie	B-PERSON
McIntyre	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
gathered	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
town	O
of	O
Hebron	B-GPE
for	O
the	O
funeral	O
of	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
woman	O
killed	O
in	O
her	O
home	O
by	O
crossfire	O
between	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
gunmen	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
funeral	O
took	O
place	O
for	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
man	O
killed	O
Friday	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
security	O
officials	O
insist	O
they	O
can	O
not	O
quell	O
the	O
unrest	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
until	O
Israel	B-GPE
lifts	O
its	O
blockade	O
there	O
.	O


A	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
official	O
says	O
Defense	B-ORG
Secretary	O
William	B-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
may	O
ask	O
for	O
a	O
broader	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
``	O
USS	B-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	O
suicide	O
bombing	O
.	O


Specifically	O
,	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
know	O
if	O
other	O
officers	O
in	O
the	O
chain	O
of	O
command	O
above	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
captain	O
should	O
be	O
held	O
accountable	O
for	O
security	O
lapses	O
.	O


A	O
Navy	B-ORG
inquiry	O
under	O
way	O
is	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
self	O
-	O
protection	O
plan	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
``	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
,	O
''	O
the	O
officer	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
the	O
inquiry	O
says	O
no	O
one	O
should	O
be	O
punished	O
for	O
security	O
lapses	O
.	O


17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
lost	O
their	O
lives	O
in	O
the	O
attack	O
.	O


Polls	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
suggest	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
faces	O
an	O
uphill	O
battle	O
in	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
election	O
.	O


Some	O
members	O
of	O
his	O
own	O
party	O
say	O
they	O
want	O
Barak	B-PERSON
to	O
step	O
aside	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Hanna	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
present	O
a	O
united	O
front	O
.	O


The	O
hostility	O
between	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
who	O
'd	O
been	O
rivals	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
has	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
,	O
dissipated	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
made	O
clear	O
the	O
former	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
will	O
campaign	O
alongside	O
the	O
present	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
in	O
the	O
elections	O
for	O
the	O
next	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
due	O
to	O
take	O
place	O
on	O
February	O
.	O


``	O
we	O
are	O
sitting	O
together	O
as	O
a	O
team	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Barak	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
we	O
will	O
lead	O
the	O
election	O
campaign	O
and	O
afterwards	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
our	O
objective	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
's	O
race	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Peres	B-PERSON
,	O
``	O
our	O
objective	O
is	O
to	O
work	O
together	O
for	O
the	O
good	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O
''	O


But	O
recent	O
polls	O
indicate	O
Peres	B-PERSON
would	O
fare	O
better	O
than	O
Barak	B-PERSON
against	O
the	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
Likud	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
candidate	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
separate	O
sets	O
of	O
polls	O
have	O
Barak	B-PERSON
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
percentage	O
points	O
behind	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
same	O
polls	O
show	O
if	O
Peres	B-PERSON
stood	O
instead	O
of	O
Barak	B-PERSON
,	O
he	O
and	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
would	O
be	O
neck	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
neck	O
.	O


Some	O
within	O
the	B-ORG
Labor	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
raise	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
forcing	O
Barak	B-PERSON
to	O
step	O
aside	O
and	O
allow	O
Peres	B-PERSON
to	O
stand	O
in	O
the	O
elections	O
.	O


Legally	O
,	O
there	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
change	O
of	O
candidate	O
up	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
polls	O
open	O
.	O


Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
has	O
made	O
clear	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
step	O
aside	O
voluntarily	O
.	O


Speaking	O
to	O
a	O
gathering	O
of	O
Jewish	B-NORP
students	O
,	O
Barak	B-PERSON
made	O
clear	O
as	O
well	O
the	O
issues	O
on	O
which	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
no	O
compromise	O
,	O
knee	O
gorx	O
negotiation	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Let	O
me	O
say	O
it	O
loud	O
and	O
clear	O
--	O
we	O
will	O
not	O
agree	O
to	O
the	O
right	O
of	O
return	O
into	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
applause	O
and	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
intend	O
to	O
sign	O
any	O
document	O
which	O
passes	O
sovereignty	O
on	O
the	B-LOC
Temple	I-LOC
Mount	I-LOC
to	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Similar	O
sentiments	O
expressed	O
by	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
opponent	O
in	O
the	O
next	O
elections	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
guard	O
the	O
unity	O
of	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-LOC
Temple	I-LOC
Mount	I-LOC
,	O
''	O
says	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
guard	O
the	B-LOC
Jordan	I-LOC
Valley	I-LOC
and	O
other	O
security	O
zones	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
guard	O
that	O
there	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
an	O
influx	O
of	O
refugees	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
while	O
Barak	B-PERSON
and	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
may	O
be	O
expressing	O
similar	O
points	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
some	O
Israelis	B-NORP
place	O
far	O
greater	O
trust	O
in	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
wants	O
to	O
be	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
.	O


The	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
has	O
said	O
so	O
many	O
things	O
lately	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
them	O
stood	O
the	O
test	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
not	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
that	O
we	O
should	O
be	O
very	O
careful	O
about	O
our	O
assessment	O
of	O
his	O
commitments	O
.	O


While	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
continues	O
to	O
chair	O
the	O
weekly	B-DATE
cabinet	O
meetings	O
,	O
many	O
observers	O
say	O
he	O
has	O
achieved	O
little	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
time	O
is	O
running	O
out	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
polls	O
show	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
Israelis	B-NORP
believe	O
that	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
would	O
be	O
better	O
at	O
making	O
peace	O
,	O
and	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
would	O
be	O
better	O
at	O
waging	O
war	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Hanna	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
admiral	O
reviewing	O
the	O
actions	O
of	O
the	O
captain	O
and	O
crew	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
is	O
recommending	O
no	O
punishment	O
for	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
commander	O
.	O


Pentagon	B-ORG
sources	O
tell	O
CNN	B-ORG
Admiral	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Natter	I-PERSON
's	O
decision	O
must	O
still	O
be	O
approved	O
by	O
two	O
top	O
Navy	B-ORG
officials	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
recommendation	O
makes	O
it	O
unlikely	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
commanding	O
officer	O
will	O
face	O
any	O
disciplinary	O
action	O
.	O


The	O
admiral	O
concluded	O
Commander	O
Kirk	B-PERSON
Lippold	I-PERSON
's	O
actions	O
,	O
while	O
not	O
perfect	O
,	O
fell	O
within	O
the	O
``	O
acceptable	O
''	O
range	O
of	O
conduct	O
.	O


The	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
was	O
attacked	O
October	B-DATE
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
by	O
suicide	O
bombers	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
boat	O
.	O


17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
were	O
killed	O
.	O


A	O
double	O
murder	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
leads	O
to	O
an	O
international	O
search	O
for	O
the	O
suspect	O
.	O


Bob	B-PERSON
Glascoff	I-PERSON
has	O
details	O
in	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
edition	O
of	O
``	O
Headliners	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


In	O
January	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
1998	I-DATE
,	O
Mir	B-PERSON
Aimal	I-PERSON
Kasi	I-PERSON
is	O
sentenced	O
to	O
death	O
for	O
an	O
attack	O
outside	O
CIA	B-ORG
headquarters	O
that	O
left	O
two	B-CARDINAL
dead	O
and	O
three	B-CARDINAL
wounded	O
.	O


Frank	B-PERSON
Darling	I-PERSON
and	O
Lansing	B-PERSON
Bennett	I-PERSON
were	O
stuck	O
in	O
morning	O
traffic	O
when	O
they	O
were	O
shot	O
to	O
death	O
in	O
1993	B-DATE
.	O


Mir	B-PERSON
Aimal	I-PERSON
Kasi	I-PERSON
was	O
suspected	O
in	O
the	O
attack	O
,	O
but	O
fled	O
to	O
his	O
native	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
before	O
he	O
could	O
be	O
arrested	O
.	O


FBI	B-ORG
agents	O
finally	O
caught	O
up	O
with	O
him	O
after	O
a	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
global	O
manhunt	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
brought	O
back	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
to	O
stand	O
trial	O
.	O


Prosecutors	O
claimed	O
Kasi	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
worked	O
as	O
a	O
driver	O
for	O
a	O
courier	O
company	O
,	O
was	O
angry	O
over	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
policy	O
against	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
Libya	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
Muslim	B-NORP
countries	O
.	O


Kasi	B-PERSON
was	O
convicted	O
in	O
a	O
Virginia	B-GPE
state	O
court	O
and	O
sentenced	O
to	O
death	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
rejected	O
his	O
most	O
recent	O
appeal	O
.	O


With	O
``	O
Headliners	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
I	O
'm	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Glascoff	I-PERSON
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
concedes	O
a	O
Mideast	B-LOC
peace	O
agreement	O
before	O
he	O
leaves	O
office	O
is	O
unlikely	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
says	O
he	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
narrow	O
the	O
differences	O
between	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leaders	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
his	O
administration	O
.	O


Both	O
sides	O
have	O
agreed	O
in	O
principle	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
framework	O
for	O
peace	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
reservations	O
.	O


In	O
their	O
closing	O
arguments	O
,	O
defense	O
lawyers	O
in	O
the	O
Pan	B-ORG
Am	I-ORG
Flight	O
103	B-CARDINAL
bombing	O
trial	O
are	O
attacking	O
prosecution	O
theories	O
about	O
where	O
the	O
bomb	O
came	O
from	O
.	O


Prosecutors	O
say	O
the	O
two	O
Libyan	B-NORP
defendants	O
loaded	O
a	O
rigged	O
suitcase	O
aboard	O
a	O
plane	O
in	O
the	O
Mediterranean	B-LOC
,	O
and	O
the	O
bag	O
eventually	O
made	O
its	O
way	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
Pan	B-ORG
Am	I-ORG
flight	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
defense	O
says	O
a	O
``	O
rogue	O
bag	O
''	O
could	O
have	O
come	O
from	O
somewhere	O
else	O
.	O


270	B-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
killed	O
when	O
the	O
jet	O
went	O
down	O
over	O
Lockerbie	B-GPE
,	O
Scotland	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
trial	O
will	O
continue	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
representatives	O
held	O
the	O
highest	O
-	O
level	O
talks	O
in	O
months	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


Participants	O
included	O
former	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
President	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
.	O


Both	O
helped	O
craft	O
the	O
Mideast	B-LOC
peace	O
accords	O
of	O
the	O
now	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
reach	O
an	O
agreement	O
on	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
peace	O
proposal	O
before	O
his	O
term	O
ends	O
,	O
but	O
even	O
if	O
a	O
deal	O
is	O
reached	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
honored	O
.	O


Polls	O
show	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
trailing	O
opposition	O
leader	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
going	O
into	O
the	O
February	B-DATE
election	O
.	O


Sharon	B-PERSON
opposes	O
the	O
territorial	O
concessions	O
Barak	B-PERSON
seems	O
poised	O
to	O
make	O
.	O


In	O
Cuba	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
,	O
some	O
people	O
are	O
viewing	O
their	O
past	O
through	O
the	O
eyes	O
of	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
.	O


Thomas	B-PERSON
Nybo	I-PERSON
has	O
that	O
story	O
.	O


When	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
rebels	O
stormed	O
Havana	B-GPE
,	O
they	O
were	O
joined	O
by	O
an	O
intrepid	O
American	B-NORP
photographer	O
who	O
spoke	O
little	O
Spanish	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


His	O
name	O
is	O
Burt	B-PERSON
Glinn	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
now	O
most	O
Cubans	B-NORP
are	O
getting	O
their	O
first	O
look	O
at	O
his	O
photos	O
on	O
display	O
in	O
Havana	B-GPE
until	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
month	O
.	O


The	O
collection	O
is	O
called	O
``	O
on	B-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
road	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
Havana	I-WORK_OF_ART
with	I-WORK_OF_ART
Fidel	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
and	O
is	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
41	B-CARDINAL
black	O
and	O
white	O
images	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
photographers	O
that	O
were	O
there	O
had	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
their	O
newspapers	O
and	O
had	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
their	O
offices	O
to	O
send	O
their	O
film	O
in	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
stayed	O
because	O
,	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
news	O
event	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
about	O
history	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
wanted	O
the	O
whole	O
story	O
.	O


Capturing	O
the	O
whole	O
story	O
was	O
not	O
easy	O
.	O


Glinn	B-PERSON
borrowed	O
money	O
from	O
friends	O
just	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
Cuba	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
had	O
to	O
shoot	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
photos	O
barefoot	O
after	O
he	O
lost	O
his	O
shoes	O
while	O
being	O
pushed	O
in	O
a	O
crowd	O
.	O


The	O
resulting	O
photos	O
show	O
the	O
passion	O
of	O
the	O
Cuban	B-NORP
people	O
and	O
the	O
charisma	O
of	O
their	O
new	O
leader	O
,	O
standing	O
at	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
it	O
all	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
he	O
is	O
42	O
years	O
later	O
.	O


Glinn	B-PERSON
is	O
75	B-DATE
now	O
--	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
age	O
as	O
Castro	B-PERSON
--	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
his	O
second	B-ORDINAL
trip	O
back	O
to	O
Cuba	B-PERSON
since	O
the	O
revolution	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
looks	O
back	O
at	O
his	O
long	O
career	O
,	O
including	O
stints	O
in	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
former	O
Soviet	B-GPE
Union	I-GPE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
assignment	O
stands	O
out	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
exciting	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
not	O
a	O
story	O
about	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
story	O
about	O
the	O
Cuban	B-NORP
people	O
,	O
and	O
how	O
they	O
received	O
the	O
revolution	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
so	O
important	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
visions	O
that	O
foreigners	O
have	O
--	O
particularly	O
Americans	B-NORP
--	O
about	O
the	O
revolution	O
are	O
completely	O
different	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
popular	O
joy	O
that	O
was	O
here	O
.	O


While	O
some	O
might	O
disagree	O
about	O
Cuba	B-GPE
's	O
present	O
,	O
and	O
plot	O
different	O
courses	O
for	O
its	O
future	O
,	O
these	O
photos	O
may	O
help	O
Cuba	B-GPE
better	O
understand	O
its	O
past	O
.	O


Thomas	B-PERSON
Nybo	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
.	O


The	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
has	O
been	O
closed	O
off	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
sealed	O
the	O
area	O
and	O
shut	O
down	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
airport	O
after	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settler	O
was	O
found	O
shot	O
dead	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
is	O
blaming	O
the	O
Islamic	O
militant	O
group	O
Hamas	B-ORG
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
killing	O
is	O
a	O
blow	O
to	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


A	O
senior	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiator	O
says	O
Israel	B-GPE
canceled	O
peace	O
talks	O
scheduled	O
for	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
give	O
a	O
reason	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
have	O
postponed	O
a	O
meeting	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
new	O
violence	O
.	O


A	O
clash	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
left	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
dead	O
and	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
injured	O
.	O


A	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settler	O
,	O
who	O
Israeli	B-NORP
authorities	O
believe	O
was	O
kidnapped	O
,	O
was	O
found	O
dead	O
outside	O
his	O
settlement	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
closed	O
the	O
roads	O
into	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
Gaza	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
the	O
killing	O
.	O


Negotiators	O
are	O
scheduled	O
to	O
resume	O
talks	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


WorldCom	B-ORG
says	O
it	O
agreed	O
to	O
pay	O
$	B-MONEY
88	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	O
settle	O
a	O
class	O
-	O
action	O
lawsuit	O
claim	O
that	O
it	O
overcharged	O
customers	O
on	O
long	O
distance	O
telephone	O
calls	O
.	O


The	O
settlement	O
follows	O
a	O
1998	B-DATE
suit	O
arguing	O
that	O
WorldCom	B-ORG
then	O
known	O
as	O
MCI	B-ORG
WorldCom	I-ORG
automatically	O
shifted	O
customers	O
who	O
were	O
late	O
in	O
paying	O
their	O
bills	O
into	O
a	O
higher	O
rate	O
plan	O
.	O


MCI	B-ORG
and	O
Worldcom	B-ORG
merged	O
in	O
1998	O
,	O
before	O
splitting	O
again	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


WorldCom	B-ORG
did	O
not	O
admit	O
any	O
wrongdoing	O
in	O
settling	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
top	O
-	O
level	O
cabinet	O
officials	O
have	O
accepted	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
proposal	O
for	O
marathon	O
peace	O
negotiations	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
.	O


Talks	O
may	O
begin	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
and	O
last	O
for	O
up	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
and	O
former	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
are	O
slated	O
to	O
``	O
guide	O
''	O
the	O
talks	O
,	O
but	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
joining	O
them	O
at	O
the	O
initial	O
stage	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
made	O
the	O
proposal	O
earlier	O
this	O
week	B-DATE
.	O


A	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
spokesman	O
says	O
former	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
welcomed	O
the	O
idea	O
and	O
told	O
Barak	B-PERSON
he	O
supported	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
telephone	O
call	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
are	O
beginning	O
a	O
new	O
round	O
of	O
peace	O
talks	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
session	O
that	O
could	O
last	O
ten	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


For	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
reach	O
a	O
peace	O
agreement	O
and	O
boost	O
his	O
popularity	O
with	O
voters	O
just	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
before	O
Israeli	B-NORP
elections	O
.	O


The	O
talks	O
were	O
proposed	O
by	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
,	O
who	O
say	O
they	O
're	O
ready	O
to	O
explore	O
all	O
possibilities	O
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
's	O
holding	O
firm	O
on	O
the	O
key	O
issues	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
breakdown	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
round	O
of	O
talks	O
.	O


Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
incoming	O
Interior	B-ORG
Minister	O
says	O
he	O
plans	O
to	O
put	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
former	O
President	O
under	O
24	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
surveillance	O
.	O


The	O
official	O
notes	O
that	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
is	O
named	O
on	O
a	O
warrant	O
from	O
a	O
U.N.	B-ORG
war	O
crimes	O
tribunal	O
and	O
is	O
under	O
local	O
investigation	O
on	O
abuse	O
of	O
power	O
charges	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
he	O
sees	O
no	O
problem	O
with	O
Serbian	B-NORP
police	O
arresting	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
if	O
needed	O
.	O


The	O
former	O
President	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
living	O
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
with	O
police	O
protection	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
negotiators	O
are	O
back	O
at	O
the	O
bargaining	O
table	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
there	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
little	O
confidence	O
a	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
peace	O
deal	O
can	O
be	O
brokered	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
is	O
calling	O
the	O
chances	O
of	O
achieving	O
an	O
agreement	O
``	O
scant	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
says	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
refugees	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
given	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
return	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
also	O
vowing	O
to	O
keep	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
's	O
most	O
contested	O
holy	O
site	O
in	O
Israeli	B-NORP
hands	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
say	O
those	O
parameters	O
are	O
dooming	O
the	O
talks	O
``	O
before	O
they	O
have	O
even	O
started	O
.	O
''	O


Additional	O
violence	O
is	O
adding	O
to	O
the	O
pessimism	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
officials	O
closed	O
a	O
main	O
road	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
after	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldier	O
was	O
wounded	O
in	O
an	O
explosion	O
.	O


An	O
oil	O
spill	O
off	O
the	O
coast	O
of	O
South	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
,	O
along	O
the	O
Galapagos	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
chain	O
has	O
clean	O
-	O
up	O
crews	O
scrambling	O
to	O
contain	O
the	O
spill	O
and	O
save	O
rare	O
wildlife	O
.	O


Annabel	B-PERSON
Roberts	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


The	O
oil	O
has	O
leaked	O
from	O
the	O
ship	O
that	O
ran	O
aground	O
half	B-QUANTITY
a	I-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
off	O
the	O
shore	O
of	O
the	O
protected	O
Galapagos	B-LOC
Islands	I-LOC
.	O


In	O
just	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
150,000	I-QUANTITY
gallons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
diesel	O
have	O
spilled	O
into	O
the	O
sea	O
.	O


Locals	O
have	O
tried	O
to	O
contain	O
the	O
slick	O
with	O
floating	O
barriers	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
already	O
spread	O
to	O
nearby	O
beaches	O
affecting	O
the	O
wildlife	O
.	O


Environmentalists	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
clean	O
the	O
oil	O
from	O
scene	O
birds	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
contaminated	O
.	O


Officials	O
estimate	O
the	O
slick	O
now	O
covers	O
almost	B-QUANTITY
390	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
of	O
sea	O
.	O


The	O
island	O
's	O
a	O
home	O
to	O
many	O
rare	O
species	O
of	O
wildlife	O
.	O


Charles	B-PERSON
Darwin	I-PERSON
researched	O
here	O
160	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
when	O
developing	O
his	O
theory	O
of	O
evolution	O
.	O


Even	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
animals	O
are	O
isolated	O
from	O
human	O
interference	O
as	O
tourism	O
here	O
is	O
restricted	O
.	O


American	O
pollution	O
experts	O
have	O
been	O
drafted	O
in	O
to	O
help	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
concern	O
is	O
the	O
oil	O
will	O
sink	O
to	O
the	O
ocean	O
floor	O
and	O
destroy	O
algae	O
.	O


The	O
bottom	O
line	O
is	O
that	O
once	O
oil	O
gets	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
ship	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
virtually	O
impossible	O
to	O
remove	O
it	O
or	O
contain	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
open	O
ocean	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
still	O
6,000	B-QUANTITY
gallons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
diesel	O
aboard	O
the	O
``	O
Jessica	B-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


Crews	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
remove	O
the	O
remaining	O
tanks	O
.	O


A	O
government	O
spokesman	O
has	O
blamed	O
this	O
disaster	O
on	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
captain	O
saying	O
she	O
ran	O
aground	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
navigating	O
in	O
shallow	O
waters	O
without	O
a	O
map	O
.	O


Anna	B-PERSON
Bell	I-PERSON
Roberts	I-PERSON
,	O
ITN	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
killing	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Israelis	B-NORP
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
could	O
spell	O
trouble	O
for	O
the	O
Mideast	B-LOC
peace	O
talks	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
has	O
recalled	O
his	O
top	O
two	B-CARDINAL
negotiators	O
from	O
talks	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
and	O
a	O
cabinet	O
secretary	O
are	O
returning	O
to	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
for	O
consultations	O
.	O


Other	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
negotiating	O
team	O
are	O
remaining	O
,	O
but	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
says	O
talks	O
are	O
``	O
suspended	O
until	O
further	O
notice	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
were	O
seized	O
by	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
gunmen	O
while	O
having	O
lunch	O
at	O
a	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
restaurant	O
.	O


A	O
shift	O
of	O
winds	O
is	O
pushing	O
an	O
oil	O
spill	O
away	O
from	O
the	B-LOC
Galapagos	I-LOC
Islands	I-LOC
and	O
into	O
the	O
open	O
sea	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
cleanup	O
is	O
far	O
from	O
over	O
,	O
as	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Moore	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


Ecuador	B-GPE
's	O
declaration	O
of	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
emergencies	O
around	O
the	B-LOC
Galapagos	I-LOC
Islands	I-LOC
is	O
a	O
sign	O
of	O
how	O
serious	O
the	O
oil	O
spil	O
is	O
now	O
judged	O
.	O


It	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
a	O
large	O
tanker	O
by	O
international	O
standards	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
uniquely	O
fragile	O
and	O
precious	O
marine	O
environment	O
.	O


Experts	O
examining	O
the	O
wreck	O
are	O
still	O
concentrating	O
on	O
transferring	O
to	O
safe	O
storage	O
the	O
oil	O
and	O
fuel	O
that	O
remains	O
on	O
board	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Coast	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
are	O
helping	O
in	O
this	O
operation	O
,	O
but	O
Ecuador	B-GPE
's	O
Environment	O
Minister	O
describes	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
condition	O
as	O
critical	O
with	O
gallons	B-QUANTITY
of	O
oil	O
still	O
on	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
that	O
fuel	O
will	O
evaporate	O
but	O
the	O
currents	O
are	O
moving	O
the	O
spill	O
toward	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
islands	O
in	O
the	O
chain	O
.	O


Worsening	O
weather	O
could	O
also	O
be	O
a	O
factor	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
smells	O
are	O
getting	O
worse	O
out	O
there	O
.	O


We	O
hear	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
gale	O
up	O
north	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
big	O
swell	O
by	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
.	O


The	B-LOC
Galapagos	I-LOC
Isles	I-LOC
lie	O
600	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
off	O
Ecuador	B-GPE
's	O
pacific	O
coast	O
,	O
populated	O
by	O
animal	O
and	O
plant	O
species	O
found	O
nowhere	O
else	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
amid	O
this	O
teaming	O
world	O
of	O
land	O
and	O
marine	O
animals	O
that	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Darwin	I-PERSON
developed	O
his	O
theories	O
of	O
evolution	O
.	O


The	O
reality	O
of	O
an	O
oil	O
spill	O
here	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
environmental	O
organizations	O
calling	O
for	O
greater	O
control	O
of	O
shipping	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
.	O


Authorities	O
on	O
the	O
island	O
say	O
the	O
ship	O
running	O
aground	O
was	O
a	O
simple	O
navigational	O
error	O
.	O


Robert	B-PERSON
Moore	I-PERSON
,	O
ITN	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
Ambassador	O
to	O
Yemen	B-GPE
is	O
safe	O
after	O
a	O
plane	O
hijacking	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
man	O
claiming	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
supporter	O
of	O
President	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
hijacked	O
the	O
flight	O
with	O
91	B-CARDINAL
passengers	O
on	O
board	O
,	O
demanding	O
to	O
be	O
flown	O
to	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
pilot	O
managed	O
to	O
land	O
the	O
plane	O
in	O
Djibouti	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
passengers	O
got	O
off	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
ambassador	O
.	O


Witnesses	O
say	O
the	O
hijacker	O
was	O
then	O
overpowered	O
by	O
the	O
crew	O
and	O
taken	O
into	O
custody	O
.	O


A	O
Russian	B-NORP
cargo	O
ship	O
is	O
heading	O
for	O
the	O
doomed	O
Mir	B-FAC
space	O
station	O
to	O
guide	O
it	O
back	O
to	O
Earth	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
unmanned	O
rocket	O
blasted	O
off	O
this	O
morning	O
from	O
Kazakhstan	B-GPE
and	O
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
dock	O
with	O
Mir	B-FAC
early	B-TIME
Saturday	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
rocket	O
is	O
carrying	O
extra	O
fuel	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
fire	O
Mir	B-FAC
's	O
thrusters	O
and	O
push	O
the	O
station	O
into	O
Earth	B-LOC
's	O
atmosphere	O
.	O


If	O
all	O
goes	O
as	O
planned	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
Mir	B-FAC
will	O
burn	O
up	O
on	O
re-entry	O
.	O


The	O
remaining	O
parts	O
should	O
fall	O
into	O
the	B-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
.	O


A	O
series	O
of	O
accidents	O
have	O
raised	O
safety	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
15	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
space	O
station	O
,	O
leading	O
Russia	B-GPE
to	O
end	O
Mir	B-FAC
's	O
run	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
men	O
on	O
trial	O
in	O
the	O
bombings	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
embassies	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
is	O
asking	O
the	O
judge	O
to	O
throw	O
out	O
his	O
confession	O
.	O


The	O
Saudi	B-NORP
man	O
says	O
U.S.	B-GPE
authorities	O
threatened	O
to	O
hang	O
him	O
if	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
cooperate	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
admitted	O
to	O
throwing	O
a	O
stun	O
grenade	O
at	O
a	O
guard	O
outside	O
the	B-FAC
U.S.	I-FAC
Embassy	I-FAC
in	O
Kenya	B-GPE
just	O
before	O
the	O
explosion	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
government	O
officials	O
say	O
the	O
man	O
's	O
confession	O
was	O
voluntary	O
.	O


224	B-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
killed	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
5,000	I-CARDINAL
wounded	O
in	O
the	O
1998	B-DATE
bombings	O
in	O
Kenya	B-GPE
and	O
Tanzania	B-GPE
.	O


77	O


I	O
'm	O
the	B-PERSON
Naked	I-PERSON
Cowboy	I-PERSON
77	O
77	O
coming	O
to	O
a	O
town	O
near	O
you	O
.	O


77	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
men	O
on	O
trial	O
in	O
the	O
bombings	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
embassies	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
is	O
asking	O
the	O
judge	O
to	O
throw	O
out	O
his	O
confession	O
.	O


The	O
Saudi	B-NORP
man	O
says	O
U.S.	B-GPE
authorities	O
threatened	O
to	O
hang	O
him	O
if	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
cooperate	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
admitted	O
to	O
throwing	O
a	O
stun	O
grenade	O
at	O
a	O
guard	O
outside	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
embassy	O
in	O
Kenya	B-GPE
just	O
before	O
the	O
explosion	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
government	O
officials	O
say	O
the	O
man	O
's	O
confession	O
was	O
voluntary	O
.	O


224	B-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
killed	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
5,000	I-CARDINAL
wounded	O
in	O
the	O
1998	B-DATE
blasts	O
in	O
Kenya	B-GPE
and	O
Tanzania	B-GPE
.	O


Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
is	O
talking	O
to	O
his	O
team	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
called	O
a	O
time	O
-	O
out	O
after	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
talks	O
in	O
the	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
resort	O
of	O
Tabah	B-GPE
.	O


Even	O
if	O
Barak	B-PERSON
decides	O
to	O
go	O
ahead	O
with	O
the	O
talks	O
,	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
restart	O
before	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
's	O
funerals	O
for	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
slain	O
Israelis	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
countdown	O
to	O
the	O
destruction	O
of	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
Mir	B-FAC
Space	I-FAC
Station	I-FAC
is	O
under	O
way	O
.	O


A	O
Russian	B-NORP
space	O
transport	O
craft	O
has	O
docked	O
with	O
the	O
15	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
orbiter	O
.	O


The	O
unmanned	O
vessel	O
,	O
dubbed	O
``	O
the	B-PRODUCT
hearse	I-PRODUCT
,	O
''	O
will	O
use	O
its	O
load	O
of	O
two	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
fuel	O
to	O
guide	O
Mir	B-FAC
out	O
of	O
orbit	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
next	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
craft	O
will	O
disintegrate	O
in	O
the	O
Earth	B-LOC
's	O
atmosphere	O
.	O


Any	O
remaining	O
fragments	O
should	O
fall	O
into	O
the	B-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
says	O
it	O
can	O
not	O
afford	O
to	O
maintain	O
Mir	B-FAC
and	O
meet	O
obligations	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
International	B-FAC
Space	I-FAC
Station	I-FAC
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
opposition	O
leader	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
is	O
denouncing	O
the	O
just	O
-	O
concluded	O
Mideast	B-LOC
peace	O
talks	O
as	O
a	O
campaign	O
ploy	O
by	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
.	O


Sharon	B-PERSON
is	O
leading	O
Barak	B-PERSON
by	O
as	B-CARDINAL
much	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
points	O
in	O
polls	O
leading	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
February	B-DATE
election	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
and	O
former	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
addressed	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Forum	I-ORG
in	O
Davos	B-GPE
,	O
Switzerland	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
.	O


Arafat	B-PERSON
condemned	O
what	O
he	O
called	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
``	O
economic	O
strangulation	O
''	O
of	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
people	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
pledged	O
his	O
commitment	O
to	O
a	O
lasting	O
and	O
comprehensive	O
peace	O
.	O


Peres	B-PERSON
told	O
the	O
forum	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
are	O
in	O
a	O
position	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
Israel	B-GPE
faced	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
and	O
expressed	O
optimism	O
peace	O
may	O
come	O
sooner	O
than	O
many	O
people	O
think	O
.	O


Judges	O
hearing	O
the	O
case	O
against	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
accused	O
in	O
the	O
bombing	O
of	O
Pan	B-PRODUCT
Am	I-PRODUCT
Flight	I-PRODUCT
103	I-PRODUCT
are	O
expected	O
to	O
announce	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
when	O
they	O
'll	O
reach	O
a	O
verdict	O
.	O


84	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
testimony	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
ended	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
Libyans	B-NORP
are	O
accused	O
of	O
planting	O
a	O
bomb	O
aboard	O
the	O
plane	O
which	O
exploded	O
over	O
Lockerbie	B-GPE
,	O
Scotland	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
December	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


270	B-CARDINAL
people	O
died	O
in	O
the	O
crash	O
.	O


A	O
special	O
Scottish	B-NORP
court	O
is	O
hearing	O
the	O
case	O
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
search	O
for	O
a	O
small	O
plane	O
that	O
disappeared	O
Sunday	B-DATE
in	O
Massachusetts	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
bittersweet	O
ending	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
young	O
boys	O
,	O
ages	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
,	O
5	B-DATE
and	O
10	B-DATE
survived	O
and	O
are	O
in	O
critical	O
condition	O
after	O
spending	O
18	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
in	O
the	O
cold	O
.	O


The	O
father	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
piloting	O
the	O
plane	O
,	O
also	O
was	O
rescued	O
,	O
but	O
died	O
late	B-TIME
yesterday	I-TIME
at	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O


The	O
boys	O
'	O
mother	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
brothers	O
were	O
killed	O
.	O


Officials	O
say	O
the	O
pilot	O
reported	O
ice	O
on	O
the	O
plane	O
and	O
planned	O
to	O
land	O
in	O
Massachusetts	B-GPE
when	O
the	O
plane	O
left	O
radar	O
.	O


Aviators	O
described	O
the	O
scene	O
as	O
they	O
approached	O
it	O
from	O
above	O
.	O


the	O
cabin	O
was	O
intact	O
completely	O
.	O


The	O
wings	O
were	O
off	O
of	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
looked	O
like	O
a	O
survivable	O
crash	O
.	O


Initially	O
the	O
wreckage	O
was	O
spotted	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
person	O
spotted	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
we	O
moved	O
in	O
closer	O
and	O
started	O
to	O
scan	O
the	O
area	O
,	O
then	O
I	O
saw	O
the	O
2	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
waving	O
from	O
next	O
to	O
the	O
airplane	O
.	O


The	O
family	O
had	O
been	O
heading	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
Hampshire	I-GPE
from	O
Lakeland	B-GPE
,	O
Florida	B-GPE
when	O
their	O
plane	O
went	O
down	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
many	O
unemployed	O
,	O
expect	O
company	O
.	O


Valerie	B-PERSON
Morris	I-PERSON
joins	O
us	O
live	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
with	O
that	O
story	O
.	O


Valerie	B-PERSON
?	O


Hi	O
,	O
Renay	B-PERSON
,	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
pace	O
of	O
job	O
cuts	O
is	O
quickening	O
.	O


The	O
survey	O
by	O
Challenger	B-ORG
Gray	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Christmas	I-ORG
says	O
layoffs	O
rose	O
about	B-PERCENT
5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
February	B-DATE
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
straight	O
monthly	B-DATE
increase	O
.	O


The	O
ax	O
fell	O
heavily	O
on	O
government	O
and	O
non-profit	O
workers	O
as	O
many	O
state	O
and	O
local	O
governments	O
face	O
severe	O
budget	O
crunches	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
economy	O
has	O
lost	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
2	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
jobs	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Airlines	O
are	O
getting	O
flyers	O
to	O
destinations	O
on	O
time	O
more	O
often	O
.	O


The	O
top	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
air	O
carriers	O
arrived	O
on	O
time	O
more	O
and	O
cancelled	O
fewer	O
flights	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
than	O
the	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
before	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
government	O
report	O
says	O
the	O
improvements	O
are	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
changes	O
in	O
air	O
traffic	O
controls	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
dropoff	O
in	O
passengers	O
.	O


Despite	O
operating	O
under	O
bankruptcy	O
laws	O
,	O
United	B-ORG
posted	O
the	O
best	O
on	O
-	O
time	O
performance	O
.	O


United	B-ORG
also	O
cancelled	O
the	O
fewest	O
flights	O
.	O


Still	O
United	B-ORG
lost	O
$	B-MONEY
382	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
January	B-DATE
.	O


And	O
one	B-CARDINAL
other	O
note	O
of	O
improvement	O
.	O


Airlines	O
reported	O
fewer	O
complaints	O
about	O
lost	O
,	O
damaged	O
or	O
delayed	O
luggage	O
.	O


Turning	O
to	O
Wall	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
,	O
disappointing	O
auto	O
sales	O
are	O
denting	O
the	O
shares	O
of	O
the	O
Big	O
Three	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
there	O
are	O
ongoing	O
fears	O
about	O
terrorism	O
and	O
a	O
war	O
with	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Dow	O
has	O
slipped	O
116	B-QUANTITY
points	I-QUANTITY
.	O


The	O
NASDAQ	O
is	O
down	O
three	B-CARDINAL
--	O


We	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
resupply	O
,	O
rearm	O
and	O
refuel	O
very	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
we	O
were	O
working	O
in	O
.	O


No	O
other	O
Fife	O
Navy	B-ORG
ship	O
could	O
have	O
gotten	O
in	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


No	O
other	O
ship	O
could	O
have	O
done	O
the	O
command	O
and	O
control	O
.	O


From	O
these	O
special	O
warfare	O
boats	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
concern	O
these	O
men	O
have	O
in	O
the	O
waterways	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
an	O
ambush	O
,	O
so	O
there	O
are	O
five	B-CARDINAL
weapon	O
stations	O
on	O
the	O
special	O
operations	O
craft	O
.	O


They	O
include	O
grenade	O
launchers	O
and	O
machine	O
guns	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
vessels	O
searched	O
and	O
secured	O
in	O
four	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
legitimate	O
merchants	O
turned	O
smugglers	O
,	O
all	O
aboard	O
ships	O
that	O
are	O
potential	O
hidaways	O
for	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
weapons	O
and	O
soldiers	O
.	O


Commanding	O
this	O
mission	O
,	O
Lieutenant	O
Jay	B-PERSON
Keller	I-PERSON
.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
doing	O
as	O
we	O
come	O
through	O
here	O
and	O
completely	O
search	O
theses	O
have	O
else	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
one	O
lurking	O
on	O
there	O
with	O
weapons	O
or	O
RPGs	O
or	O
some	O
other	O
pad	O
to	O
take	O
down	O
helos	O
that	O
are	O
flying	O
by	O
or	O
any	O
other	O
ships	O
that	O
are	O
coming	O
in	O
through	O
here	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Keller	B-PERSON
takes	O
us	O
onboard	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
vessel	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
threats	O
lurking	O
around	O
the	O
sea	O
bed	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
railway	O
system	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
see	O
here	O
,	O
you	O
see	O
the	O
rollers	O
and	O
you	O
can	O
stack	O
four	B-CARDINAL
mines	O
out	O
here	O
and	O
roll	O
them	O
off	O
the	O
back	O
as	O
they	O
're	O
transitting	O
through	O
.	O


These	O
crewmen	O
search	O
the	O
boat	O
and	O
collect	O
these	O
logs	O
,	O
peppered	O
with	O
pictures	O
of	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
President	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
.	O


All	O
along	O
the	O
waterways	O
,	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
sailors	O
wave	O
to	O
Heller	B-PERSON
's	O
crew	O
.	O


They	O
hand	O
out	O
food	O
and	O
medical	O
supplies	O
when	O
they	O
k	O
.	O


No	O
cigarettes	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
working	O
middle	O
class	O
that	O
wants	O
to	O
work	O
and	O
make	O
money	O
for	O
themselves	O
and	O
they	O
understand	O
that	O
when	O
we	O
come	O
in	O
here	O
,	O
we	O
'll	O
make	O
that	O
available	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Hopefully	O
,	O
paying	O
huge	O
dividends	O
to	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
people	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
run	O
as	O
forces	O
like	O
Jay	B-PERSON
Keller	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
detachment	O
continues	O
to	O
pay	O
off	O
big	O
in	O
``	B-EVENT
Operation	I-EVENT
Iraqi	I-EVENT
Freedom	I-EVENT
.	O
''	O


Along	O
the	O
waterway	O
in	O
southern	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
Kyra	B-PERSON
Phillips	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
led	O
forces	O
are	O
approaching	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
capital	O
after	O
destroying	O
the	O
Medina	B-GPE
and	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
divisions	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
.	O


We	O
'll	O
have	O
that	O
story	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
latest	O
developments	O
in	O
``	B-EVENT
Operation	I-EVENT
Iraqi	I-EVENT
Freedom	I-EVENT
''	I-EVENT
just	B-TIME
two	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
away	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Kathleen	B-PERSON
Kennedy	I-PERSON
.	O


You	O
've	O
been	O
watching	O
CNN	B-WORK_OF_ART
Headline	I-WORK_OF_ART
News	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Central	B-ORG
Command	I-ORG
says	O
it	O
is	O
investigating	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
allegations	O
that	O
U.S.	B-GPE
attacks	O
are	O
to	O
blame	O
for	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
civilians	O
casualties	O
in	O
Hillah	B-GPE
.	O


That	O
's	O
about	B-QUANTITY
60	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
south	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Red	I-ORG
Cross	I-ORG
visited	O
the	O
local	O
hospital	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
says	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
horrible	O
scene	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Associated	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
is	O
reporting	O
that	O
U.S.	B-GPE
troops	O
have	O
launched	O
an	O
attack	O
on	O
Saddam	B-FAC
International	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
,	O
about	B-QUANTITY
nine	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
from	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
capital	O
.	O


Pentagon	B-ORG
officials	O
briefed	O
reporters	O
who	O
refused	O
to	O
comment	O
about	O
any	O
activity	O
at	O
the	O
airport	O
.	O


Officials	O
say	O
they	O
'll	O
make	O
comments	O
after	O
certain	O
operations	O
are	O
conducted	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
before	O
.	O


Saddam	B-FAC
International	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
has	O
become	O
a	O
battlefield	O
.	O


Witnesses	O
say	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
troops	O
are	O
dug	O
in	O
trying	O
to	O
fend	O
off	O
coalition	O
troops	O
making	O
their	O
way	O
into	O
the	O
capital	O
's	O
main	O
airport	O
.	O


A	O
Reuters	B-ORG
correspondent	O
said	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
civilians	O
and	O
soldiers	O
were	O
killed	O
in	O
what	O
witnesses	O
called	O
a	O
barrage	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
artillery	O
.	O


We	O
begin	O
south	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
U.S.	B-GPE
troops	O
have	O
found	O
what	O
may	O
be	O
chemical	O
weapons	O
materials	O
.	O


Elements	O
of	O
the	O
Army	B-ORG
's	O
101st	B-ORG
Airborne	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
discovered	O
the	O
chemicals	O
buried	O
in	O
barrels	O
beneath	O
an	O
agricultural	O
complex	O
near	O
Karbala	B-GPE
.	O


Troops	O
also	O
found	O
a	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
conventional	O
weapons	O
at	O
the	O
site	O
.	O


Initial	O
tests	O
on	O
the	O
chemicals	O
were	O
inconclusive	O
.	O


A	O
higher	O
level	O
test	O
indicated	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
nerve	O
and	O
blister	O
agents	O
,	O
but	O
those	O
tests	O
are	O
not	O
always	O
accurate	O
.	O


The	O
commander	O
of	O
the	O
101st	B-ORG
says	O
the	O
chemicals	O
may	O
be	O
pesticides	O
or	O
chemical	O
agents	O
that	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
weaponized	O
.	O


The	O
struggle	O
for	O
power	O
in	O
a	O
post-Saddam	O
Iraq	B-GPE
has	O
begun	O
.	O


A	O
key	O
faction	O
bidding	O
for	O
control	O
announced	O
it	O
will	O
protest	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
prominent	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
exile	O
leader	O
.	O


The	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Iraqi	I-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Movement	I-ORG
says	O
his	O
group	O
will	O
hold	O
a	O
demonstration	O
in	O
Nasiriyah	B-GPE
to	O
denounce	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
Ahmad	B-PERSON
Chalabi	I-PERSON
.	O


Chalabi	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
founder	O
and	O
leader	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Iraqi	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
was	O
escorted	O
into	O
Iraq	B-GPE
Tuesday	B-DATE
by	O
U.S.	B-NORP
Marines	I-NORP
.	O


Chalabi	B-PERSON
staged	O
his	O
own	O
rally	O
yesterday	B-DATE
to	O
support	O
his	O
bid	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
next	O
leader	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Sharon	B-PERSON
Osbourne	I-PERSON
did	O
not	O
enjoy	O
her	O
meal	O
at	O
a	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
restaurant	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
.	O


Ozzy	B-PERSON
's	O
wife	O
reportedly	O
got	O
into	O
a	O
fight	O
with	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
agent	O
Renee	B-PERSON
Tab	I-PERSON
.	O


Sharon	B-PERSON
spit	O
on	O
Tab	B-PERSON
and	O
called	O
her	O
names	O
.	O


Osbourne	B-PERSON
's	O
spokeswoman	O
says	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
was	O
quote	O
,	O
``	O
viciously	O
assaulted	O
and	O
treated	O
at	O
a	O
hospital	O
.	O
''	O


Disagreement	O
between	O
the	O
women	O
began	O
months	B-DATE
ago	I-DATE
when	O
Osbourne	B-PERSON
said	O
Tab	B-PERSON
attended	O
her	O
family	O
's	O
New	B-DATE
Year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
Eve	I-DATE
party	O
uninvited	O
and	O
then	O
won	O
the	O
door	O
prize	O
,	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
15,000	I-MONEY
necklace	O
.	O


A	O
spokesman	O
says	O
that	O
if	O
any	O
charges	O
are	O
filed	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
low	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
misdemeanor	O
scale	O
.	O


His	O
plight	O
has	O
been	O
publicized	O
worldwide	O
,	O
and	O
tonight	O
a	O
12	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Iraqi	B-NORP
boy	O
who	O
lost	O
his	O
arms	O
during	O
a	O
missile	O
attack	O
is	O
being	O
treated	O
at	O
a	O
hospital	O
in	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
.	O


Here	O
's	O
Andrea	B-PERSON
with	O
more	O
on	O
his	O
story	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
12	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Ali	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
asking	O
for	O
,	O
what	O
his	O
doctors	O
have	O
been	O
praying	O
for	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
has	O
been	O
demanding	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
U.S.	B-NORP
Marines	I-NORP
arrived	O
at	O
the	O
hospital	O
where	O
Ali	B-PERSON
has	O
survived	O
since	O
his	O
horrific	O
injuries	O
18	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


They	O
're	O
here	O
to	O
take	O
him	O
to	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
and	O
to	O
a	O
specialist	O
burns	O
unit	O
.	O


When	O
Ali	B-PERSON
awoke	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
he	O
could	O
scarcely	O
believe	O
that	O
today	B-DATE
would	O
really	O
be	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
when	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
taken	O
abroad	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
he	O
so	O
desperately	O
needs	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
hopeful	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
eyes	O
were	O
bright	O
.	O


He	O
talked	O
to	O
me	O
about	O
football	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
favorite	O
players	O
.	O


Friends	O
and	O
relatives	O
arrived	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


For	O
some	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
they	O
had	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
since	O
the	O
explosion	O
that	O
killed	O
his	O
mother	O
,	O
father	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
cousins	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
horrified	O
by	O
his	O
injuries	O
and	O
pleaded	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
get	O
specialist	O
treatment	O
outside	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


His	O
doctor	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
is	O
grateful	O
that	O
Ali	B-PERSON
is	O
getting	O
this	O
chance	O
.	O


I	O
welcomed	O
any	O
real	O
help	O
to	O
take	O
him	O
to	O
a	O
special	O
unit	O
abroad	O
,	O
and	O
where	O
he	O
can	O
take	O
good	O
care	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
only	O
hospital	O
working	O
now	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


And	O
the	O
hospital	O
is	O
becoming	O
increasingly	O
tense	O
.	O


Armed	O
men	O
now	O
roam	O
the	O
wards	O
.	O


Fighters	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
are	O
being	O
treated	O
here	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
woefully	O
overcrowded	O
and	O
chaotic	O
.	O


In	O
these	O
conditions	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
miracle	O
Ali	B-PERSON
has	O
survived	O
here	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


The	O
part	O
of	O
each	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
Ali	B-PERSON
dreads	O
is	O
when	O
his	O
amputation	O
wounds	O
and	O
burns	O
must	O
be	O
washed	O
and	O
dressed	O
.	O


In	O
these	O
primitive	O
conditions	O
,	O
without	O
drugs	O
,	O
the	O
pain	O
is	O
excruciating	O
for	O
Ali	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
far	O
too	O
traumatic	O
to	O
film	O
.	O


Putting	O
a	O
little	O
boy	O
through	O
such	O
agony	O
reduces	O
his	O
doctor	O
to	O
tears	O
.	O


Mercifully	O
today	B-DATE
this	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
it	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
Ali	B-PERSON
.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
this	O
little	O
boy	O
who	O
has	O
lost	O
so	O
much	O
and	O
been	O
so	O
brave	O
is	O
finally	O
going	O
to	O
--	O


Seven	B-CARDINAL
former	O
POWs	O
are	O
getting	O
one	B-CARDINAL
step	O
closer	O
to	O
home	O
.	O


They	O
'll	O
be	O
arriving	O
at	O
Ramstein	B-FAC
Air	I-FAC
Base	I-FAC
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
a	B-TIME
few	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
from	I-TIME
now	I-TIME
.	O


Once	O
doctors	O
there	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
good	O
to	O
go	O
,	O
the	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
will	O
head	O
stateside	O
.	O


Doctors	O
in	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
have	O
already	O
said	O
the	O
six	B-CARDINAL
men	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
woman	O
are	O
in	O
good	O
shape	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
may	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
stay	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
very	O
long	O
.	O


The	O
former	O
POWs	O
were	O
rescued	O
Sunday	B-DATE
about	B-QUANTITY
75	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
north	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
've	O
been	O
sticking	O
close	O
together	O
ever	O
since	O
.	O


Medical	O
officers	O
say	O
they	O
became	O
a	O
team	O
while	O
in	O
captivity	O
and	O
want	O
to	O
stay	O
together	O
as	O
a	O
team	O
until	O
it	O
's	O
time	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
their	O
separate	O
homes	O
.	O


Major	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
Baseball	I-ORG
sent	O
its	O
head	O
of	O
security	O
to	O
Chicago	B-GPE
to	O
review	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
incident	O
of	O
an	O
on	O
-	O
field	O
fan	O
attack	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
league	O
is	O
reviewing	O
security	O
at	O
all	O
ballparks	O
to	O
crack	O
down	O
on	O
spectator	O
violence	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Kansas	I-ORG
City	I-ORG
Royals	I-ORG
considered	O
not	O
playing	O
tonight	B-TIME
before	O
the	O
team	O
was	O
assured	O
that	O
security	O
measures	O
have	O
been	O
tightened	O
.	O


In	O
northern	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
U.S.	B-NORP
Marines	I-NORP
and	O
residents	O
exchanged	O
gunfire	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Mosul	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
civil	O
disturbances	O
there	O
.	O


A	O
senior	O
Kurdish	B-NORP
intelligence	O
official	O
says	O
citizens	O
were	O
protesting	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
occupation	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
main	O
government	O
building	O
.	O


Seven	B-CARDINAL
Iraqis	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
by	O
U.S.	B-NORP
Marines	I-NORP
,	O
who	O
say	O
they	O
were	O
responding	O
to	O
sniper	O
fire	O
.	O


Hospital	O
officials	O
say	O
17	B-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
and	O
18	B-CARDINAL
wounded	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
2	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Central	B-ORG
Command	I-ORG
says	O
troops	O
were	O
involved	O
in	O
a	O
gun	O
battle	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


Call	O
him	O
the	B-PERSON
Man	I-PERSON
With	I-PERSON
The	I-PERSON
Golden	I-PERSON
Guns	I-PERSON
.	O


Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
son	O
Uday	B-PERSON
was	O
apparently	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
74	B-CARDINAL
golden	O
guns	O
.	O


The	O
AKs	B-PRODUCT
in	O
the	O
stash	O
were	O
gold	O
-	O
plated	O
.	O


There	O
also	O
were	O
silver	O
and	O
nickel	O
-	O
plated	O
weapons	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
that	O
was	O
a	O
gift	O
from	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
had	O
an	O
engraving	O
from	O
the	O
former	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
leader	O
.	O


Police	O
in	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
say	O
a	O
student	O
fatally	O
shot	O
a	O
principal	O
before	O
killing	O
himself	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


It	O
happened	O
in	O
the	O
cafeteria	O
of	O
Red	B-ORG
Lion	I-ORG
Area	I-ORG
Junior	I-ORG
High	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
about	B-QUANTITY
30	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
southeast	O
of	O
Harrisburg	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
happened	O
at	O
7:30	B-TIME
this	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


Students	O
then	O
were	O
moved	O
across	O
the	O
street	O
to	O
a	O
senior	O
high	O
school	O
.	O


German	B-NORP
police	O
say	O
a	O
teenage	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
gunman	O
,	O
who	O
hijacked	O
a	O
bus	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
was	O
hoping	O
to	O
free	O
a	O
key	O
September	B-EVENT
11th	I-EVENT
suspect	O
.	O


The	O
gunman	O
is	O
accused	O
of	O
commandeering	O
the	O
bus	O
in	O
the	O
north	O
German	B-GPE
city	O
of	O
Bremen	B-GPE
and	O
holding	O
16	B-CARDINAL
people	O
hostage	O
during	O
a	O
75	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
police	O
chase	O
down	O
the	O
autobahn	O
.	O


Negotiators	O
say	O
he	O
demanded	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
prisoners	O
,	O
including	O
Ramzi	B-PERSON
Binalshibh	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
September	B-EVENT
11th	I-EVENT
suspect	O
apprehended	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
.	O


Police	O
captured	O
the	O
17	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
hijacking	O
suspect	O
without	O
firing	O
a	O
shot	O
.	O


All	O
hostages	O
were	O
released	O
unharmed	O
.	O


An	O
American	B-NORP
astronaut	O
and	O
Russian	B-NORP
cosmonaut	O
are	O
settling	O
in	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
International	I-FAC
Space	I-FAC
Station	I-FAC
.	O


A	O
Russian	B-NORP
Soyuz	B-PRODUCT
capsule	O
dropped	O
them	O
off	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
after	O
docking	O
perfectly	O
at	O
the	O
orbiting	O
outpost	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
manned	O
flight	O
to	O
the	O
space	O
station	O
since	O
the	O
February	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
shuttle	O
``	O
Columbia	B-PRODUCT
''	O
disaster	O
.	O


About	B-TIME
90	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
after	O
the	O
docking	O
,	O
the	O
crews	O
opened	O
the	O
hatch	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
spacecraft	O
.	O


Edward	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
and	O
Yuri	B-PERSON
Malenchenko	I-PERSON
of	O
Russia	B-GPE
will	O
spend	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
space	O
station	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
replacing	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
astronauts	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
cosmonaut	O
currently	O
there	O
.	O


The	O
Soyuz	B-PRODUCT
will	O
carry	O
that	O
crew	O
back	O
to	O
earth	O
May	B-DATE
4th	I-DATE
.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
pushing	O
Congress	B-ORG
to	O
pass	O
his	O
$	B-MONEY
15	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
worldwide	O
program	O
for	O
fighting	O
AIDS	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
White	B-FAC
House	I-FAC
gathering	O
of	O
AIDS	O
activists	O
and	O
lawmakers	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
the	O
President	O
said	O
HIR	O
plan	O
could	O
prevent	O
7	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
new	O
HIV	O
infections	O
--	O
and	O
treat	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
2	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
.	O


24	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
after	O
a	O
coordinated	O
series	O
of	O
suicide	O
bombings	O
in	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
death	O
toll	O
is	O
still	O
rising	O
.	O


An	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
American	B-NORP
has	O
died	O
.	O


In	O
all	O
,	O
21	B-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
killed	O
,	O
not	O
including	O
the	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
suspected	O
bombers	O
.	O


Nearly	B-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
injured	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Saudi	B-NORP
officials	O
say	O
the	O
bombings	O
bear	O
the	O
trademark	O
of	O
al	B-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
.	O


They	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
timed	O
to	O
coincide	O
with	O
the	O
arrival	O
of	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Colin	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
in	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
is	O
ordering	O
all	O
non-essential	O
diplomats	O
and	O
dependents	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


An	O
FBI	B-ORG
team	O
is	O
heading	O
to	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
to	O
help	O
investigate	O
the	O
attacks	O
.	O


They	O
targeted	O
three	B-CARDINAL
residential	O
compounds	O
for	O
Americans	B-NORP
and	O
other	O
Westerners	B-NORP
.	O


Convicted	O
Oklahoma	B-EVENT
City	I-EVENT
bombing	I-EVENT
conspirator	O
Terry	B-PERSON
Nichols	I-PERSON
will	O
stand	O
trial	O
again	O
on	O
state	O
murder	O
charges	O
.	O


Nichols	B-PERSON
is	O
serving	O
a	O
life	O
term	O
for	O
his	O
federal	O
manslaughter	O
and	O
conspiracy	O
convictions	O
stemming	O
from	O
the	O
deaths	O
of	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
federal	O
employees	O
in	O
the	O
1995	B-DATE
blast	O
.	O


An	O
Oklahoma	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
judge	O
has	O
ruled	O
prosecutors	O
presented	O
enough	O
evidence	O
at	O
a	O
preliminary	O
hearing	O
to	O
try	O
Nichols	B-PERSON
on	O
murder	O
charges	O
for	O
the	O
other	O
160	B-CARDINAL
victims	O
of	O
the	O
attack	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
seek	O
the	O
death	O
penalty	O
.	O


Timothy	B-PERSON
McVeigh	I-PERSON
,	O
convicted	O
of	O
setting	O
off	O
the	O
bomb	O
that	O
destroyed	O
the	B-FAC
Alfred	I-FAC
P.	I-FAC
Murrah	I-FAC
Federal	I-FAC
Building	I-FAC
,	O
was	O
executed	O
nearly	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Alisha	B-PERSON
Davis	I-PERSON
.	O


Used	O
to	O
be	O
the	B-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
Pop	I-PERSON
.	O


Now	O
you	O
could	O
call	O
him	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
lawsuits	O
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
filed	O
suit	O
against	O
Universal	B-ORG
Music	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
parent	O
company	O
of	O
Motown	B-ORG
Records	I-ORG
saying	O
they	O
owe	O
him	O
for	O
music	O
he	O
recorded	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Jackson	I-ORG
Five	I-ORG
back	O
in	O
the	O
1970s	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
gloved	O
one	O
claims	O
the	O
label	O
has	O
been	O
releasing	O
new	O
albums	O
and	O
Jackson	B-ORG
Five	I-ORG
merchandise	O
without	O
giving	O
him	O
``	O
a	B-MONEY
single	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
.	O
''	O


Jackson	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
in	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
courtrooms	O
lately	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
's	O
been	O
sued	O
by	O
an	O
auction	O
house	O
for	O
non-payment	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
a	O
concert	O
promoter	O
for	O
allegedly	O
backing	O
out	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
millennium	O
performances	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
has	O
experienced	O
its	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
suicide	O
bombing	O
in	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Police	O
say	O
a	O
bomber	O
blew	O
herself	O
up	O
outside	O
a	O
northern	O
Israel	B-GPE
shopping	O
center	O
when	O
she	O
was	O
stopped	O
by	O
a	O
security	O
guard	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
people	O
plus	O
the	O
bomber	O
were	O
killed	O
,	O
and	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
others	O
were	O
hurt	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
French	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
says	O
the	O
militant	O
group	O
``	B-ORG
Islamic	I-ORG
Jihad	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
is	O
claiming	O
responsibility	O
.	O


5,400	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
and	O
Marines	B-NORP
are	O
back	O
at	O
home	O
after	O
serving	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
're	O
the	O
crew	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Harry	I-PRODUCT
S.	I-PRODUCT
Truman	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


They	O
have	O
reunited	O
with	O
their	O
families	O
and	O
friends	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
aircraft	O
carrier	O
's	O
home	O
port	O
in	O
Norfolk	B-GPE
,	O
Virginia	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
``	O
Truman	B-PRODUCT
''	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
East	B-LOC
Coast	I-LOC
-	O
based	O
carrier	O
to	O
return	O
from	O
the	O
war	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
sure	O
what	O
's	O
happened	O
to	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sons	O
,	O
but	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
is	O
becoming	O
more	O
clear	O
--	O
Uday	B-PERSON
and	O
Qusay	B-PERSON
were	O
just	O
as	O
bad	O
as	O
their	O
father	O
if	O
not	O
worse	O
.	O


``	B-ORG
Time	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
Magazine	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Michael	B-PERSON
Weisskopf	I-PERSON
has	O
uncovered	O
some	O
stunning	O
details	O
about	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
.	O


He	O
joins	O
us	O
now	O
from	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Thanks	O
for	O
taking	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
join	O
us	O
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
,	O
as	O
I	O
read	O
the	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
knew	O
that	O
these	O
were	O
not	O
good	O
guys	O
,	O
putting	O
it	O
mildly	O
,	O
but	O
as	O
you	O
saw	O
and	O
heard	O
the	O
revelations	O
,	O
what	O
were	O
your	O
reactions	O
?	O


They	O
're	O
stomach	O
turning	O
,	O
to	O
put	O
it	O
bluntly	O
.	O


The	O
extent	O
of	O
the	O
depravity	O
was	O
truly	O
stunning	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
right	O
and	O
they	O
took	O
different	O
paths	O
,	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
guys	O
.	O


The	O
younger	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
brothers	O
,	O
Qusay	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
very	O
professional	O
killer	O
who	O
pulled	O
the	O
trigger	O
with	O
political	O
aim	O
in	O
mind	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
eyewitnesses	O
to	O
his	O
orders	O
of	O
execution	O
of	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
in	O
1991	B-DATE
during	O
the	O
Shiite	B-NORP
Muslim	I-NORP
uprising	O
.	O


His	O
brother	O
,	O
Uday	B-PERSON
,	O
was	O
very	O
highly	O
personal	O
,	O
arbitrary	O
,	O
spontaneous	O
in	O
his	O
attacks	O
,	O
extended	O
to	O
young	O
girls	O
,	O
to	O
friends	O
,	O
to	O
employees	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
just	O
extraordinary	O
.	O


With	O
Uday	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
the	O
stories	O
,	O
you	O
open	O
the	O
article	O
,	O
what	O
you	O
cowrote	O
this	O
article	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sum	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Two	I-WORK_OF_ART
Evils	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
The	O
Reign	O
of	O
Terror	O
with	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
's	O
sons	O
abducting	O
a	O
14	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
raping	O
her	O
,	O
crashing	O
wedding	O
parties	O
to	O
rape	O
the	O
brides	O
.	O


Was	O
that	O
about	O
as	O
bad	O
as	O
it	O
got	O
with	O
these	O
guys	O
?	O


I	O
guess	O
it	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
much	O
worse	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
that	O
the	O
depth	O
may	O
be	O
how	O
he	O
treated	O
his	O
friends	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
stories	O
we	O
heard	O
about	O
how	O
he	O
forced	O
friends	O
to	O
drink	O
large	O
quantities	O
of	O
grain	O
alcohol	O
until	O
they	O
vomited	O
.	O


Also	O
one	B-CARDINAL
friend	O
he	O
was	O
afraid	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
spill	O
the	O
beans	O
on	O
him	O
,	O
he	O
had	O
him	O
arrested	O
by	O
his	O
Fedayeen	B-ORG
Saddam	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
had	O
him	O
held	O
down	O
,	O
tongue	O
pulled	O
out	O
by	O
pliers	O
and	O
sliced	O
off	O
with	O
a	O
scapel	O
.	O


Awful	O
.	O


People	O
still	O
fear	O
them	O
and	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
himself	O
.	O


How	O
did	O
you	O
get	O
people	O
to	O
talk	O
?	O


Were	O
they	O
forthcoming	O
or	O
pretty	O
reticent	O
about	O
talking	O
about	O
these	O
guys	O
?	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
hard	O
report	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
hard	O
to	O
find	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
hard	O
to	O
get	O
them	O
to	O
talk	O
.	O


Over	O
time	O
,	O
we	O
gained	O
trust	O
.	O


We	O
promised	O
to	O
hold	O
on	O
to	O
people	O
's	O
anonimity	O
if	O
we	O
could	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
little	O
while	O
,	O
after	O
we	O
primed	O
the	O
pump	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
wanted	O
to	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Mahmoud	B-PERSON
Abbas	I-PERSON
have	O
postponed	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
's	O
planned	O
meeting	O
on	O
the	O
Mideast	B-LOC
peace	O
plan	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
's	O
being	O
described	O
as	O
``	O
scheduling	O
conflicts	O
.	O
''	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
officials	O
say	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
leaders	O
may	O
try	O
to	O
meet	O
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
instead	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
advisers	O
say	O
Abbas	B-PERSON
will	O
call	O
for	O
immediate	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
backed	O
road	O
map	O
to	O
peace	O
.	O


That	O
would	O
include	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
Israeli	B-NORP
military	O
occupation	O
of	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
areas	O
and	O
a	O
freeze	O
on	O
settlement	O
expansion	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
sources	O
say	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
will	O
repeat	O
his	O
position	O
that	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
must	O
first	O
crack	O
down	O
on	O
Islamic	B-NORP
militant	O
groups	O
,	O
like	O
Hamas	B-ORG
.	O


Monday	B-DATE
,	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
startled	O
many	O
people	O
when	O
he	O
called	O
for	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
occupation	O
of	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
areas	O
.	O


He	O
later	O
released	O
a	O
clarifying	O
statement	O
saying	O
he	O
was	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
3	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
now	O
under	O
Israeli	B-NORP
military	O
control	O
and	O
not	O
to	O
the	O
land	O
itself	O
.	O


Sharon	B-PERSON
says	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
remain	O
disputed	O
land	O
.	O


Good	O
evening	B-TIME
.	O


Welcome	O
,	O
everyone	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Galanos	I-PERSON
is	O
off	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Our	O
top	O
story	O
--	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Robert	I-PERSON
Rudolph	I-PERSON
has	O
officially	O
said	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
pleaded	O
not	O
guilty	O
to	O
bombing	O
a	O
Birmingham	B-GPE
women	O
's	O
clinic	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
suspected	O
serial	O
bomber	O
appeared	O
in	O
a	O
federal	O
courthouse	O
Tuesday	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
.	O


He	O
is	O
also	O
suspected	O
in	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Atlanta	B-GPE
-	O
area	O
bombings	O
.	O


North	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
authorities	O
say	O
Rudolph	B-PERSON
opened	O
up	O
to	O
them	O
about	O
his	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
run	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
he	O
hunted	O
wild	O
animals	O
,	O
searched	O
the	O
trash	O
for	O
food	O
,	O
and	O
covered	O
himself	O
with	O
leaves	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
through	O
the	O
winters	B-DATE
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
offspring	O
of	O
London	B-GPE
's	O
rich	O
and	O
famous	O
were	O
rolled	O
through	O
Hyde	B-LOC
Park	I-LOC
by	O
black	O
-	O
clad	O
nannies	O
pushing	O
Silver	B-ORG
Cross	I-ORG
prams	O
.	O


The	O
high	O
-	O
end	O
baby	O
carriage	O
company	O
went	O
bust	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
a	O
toymaker	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
man	O
's	O
dream	O
have	O
put	O
the	O
Silver	B-ORG
Cross	I-ORG
pram	O
back	O
on	O
the	O
stroller	O
circuit	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Boulden	I-PERSON
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


A	O
well	O
-	O
heeled	O
baby	O
like	O
Princess	O
,	O
seen	O
.	O


The	O
distinctive	O
carriages	O
strolled	O
through	O
London	B-GPE
's	O
fashionable	O
Parks	B-LOC
Way	I-LOC
nanny	O
at	O
the	O
ready	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
until	O
Silver	B-ORG
Cross	I-ORG
went	O
out	O
of	O
business	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


All	O
is	O
not	O
lost	O
for	O
the	O
rich	O
and	O
famous	O
baby	O
.	O


A	O
toy	O
company	O
bought	O
the	O
Silver	B-ORG
Cross	I-ORG
name	O
so	O
they	O
could	O
make	O
toy	O
versions	O
.	O


Then	O
one	B-CARDINAL
former	O
worker	O
persuaded	O
the	O
company	O
to	O
let	O
him	O
make	O
the	O
real	O
ones	O
again	O
.	O


I	O
went	O
away	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
reflected	O
on	O
my	O
future	O
and	O
feel	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
convince	O
myself	O
until	O
it	O
was	O
over	O
.	O


I	O
felt	O
there	O
was	O
something	O
else	O
too	O
much	O
history	O
behind	O
Silver	B-ORG
Cross	I-ORG
to	O
end	O
it	O
now	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


He	O
bought	O
the	O
machinery	O
,	O
moved	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
factory	O
,	O
rehired	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
workers	O
and	O
started	O
Heritage	B-ORG
Prams	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
nearly	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
since	O
the	O
last	O
pram	O
was	O
manufactured	O
at	O
the	O
old	O
factory	O
.	O


This	O
one	O
is	O
Bellmore	B-PRODUCT
O	O
1	O
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
come	O
off	O
the	O
new	O
line	O
and	O
destined	O
for	O
Harrod	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
was	O
hand	O
-	O
delivered	O
to	O
Harrod	B-ORG
's	O
by	O
the	O
new	O
chief	O
executive	O
Nick	B-PERSON
Paxton	I-PERSON
who	O
would	O
n't	O
trust	O
its	O
future	O
to	O
anyone	O
else	O
.	O


The	O
store	O
is	O
now	O
--	O


The	O
founder	O
and	O
former	O
CEO	O
of	O
ImClone	B-ORG
just	O
learned	O
the	O
penalty	O
for	O
his	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pharmaceutical	O
company	O
's	O
insider	O
trading	O
scandal	O
.	O


Sam	B-PERSON
Waksal	I-PERSON
was	O
sentenced	O
to	O
seven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
in	O
federal	O
prison	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
also	O
being	O
fined	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
and	O
was	O
ordered	O
to	O
pay	O
$	B-MONEY
1.2	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
restitution	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
State	I-ORG
Tax	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
.	O


Waksal	B-PERSON
pleaded	O
guilty	O
last	O
fall	O
to	O
six	B-CARDINAL
counts	O
of	O
security	O
fraud	O
,	O
bank	O
fraud	O
,	O
conspiracy	O
to	O
obstruct	O
justice	O
and	O
perjury	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
being	O
released	O
on	O
his	O
own	O
cognizance	O
before	O
he	O
's	O
to	O
report	O
to	O
jail	O
.	O


Waksal	B-PERSON
admitted	O
to	O
tipping	O
his	O
daughter	O
to	O
dump	O
ImClone	B-ORG
stock	O
market	O
just	O
ahead	O
of	O
a	O
drug	O
rejection	O
the	O
company	O
was	O
developing	O
and	O
he	O
pleaded	O
guilty	O
to	O
bank	O
fraud	O
by	O
forging	O
a	O
signature	O
on	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
44	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
loan	O
.	O


The	O
ImClone	B-ORG
scandal	O
led	O
to	O
charges	O
against	O
Waksal	B-PERSON
's	O
friend	O
,	O
Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
,	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
over	O
her	O
sale	O
of	O
the	O
stock	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
before	I-DATE
the	O
price	O
collapsed	O
.	O


Strange	O
story	O
coming	O
out	O
of	O
Syracuse	B-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
where	O
a	O
retired	O
handyman	O
admitted	O
he	O
held	O
five	B-CARDINAL
women	O
as	O
sex	O
slaves	O
in	O
an	O
underground	O
bunker	O
over	O
15	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
pleaded	O
guilty	O
this	O
morning	O
to	O
five	B-CARDINAL
counts	O
of	O
kidnapping	O
.	O


Under	O
a	O
plea	O
deal	O
he	O
could	O
get	O
15	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
life	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
arrested	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
for	O
holding	O
a	O
girl	O
hostage	O
nearly	B-DATE
seven	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
girl	O
was	O
kept	O
in	O
a	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
room	O
concrete	O
dungeon	O
he	O
built	O
under	O
the	O
background	O
of	O
his	O
home	O
near	O
Syracuse	B-GPE
.	O


After	O
his	O
arrest	O
,	O
police	O
found	O
four	B-CARDINAL
other	O
women	O
who	O
said	O
they	O
were	O
abducted	O
and	O
raped	O
by	O
him	O
.	O


A	O
pizza	O
delivery	O
helped	O
police	O
nab	O
the	O
suspect	O
in	O
the	O
kidnapping	O
of	O
a	O
9	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
California	B-GPE
girl	O
.	O


24	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Enrique	B-PERSON
Alvarez	I-PERSON
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
David	B-PERSON
Cruz	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
arrested	O
Monday	B-DATE
in	O
San	B-GPE
Jose	I-GPE
.	O


He	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
arraigned	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
's	O
charged	O
with	O
kidnapping	O
,	O
felony	O
assault	O
and	O
sexual	O
assault	O
.	O


The	O
girl	O
was	O
found	O
late	B-TIME
Sunday	I-TIME
at	O
a	O
convenience	O
store	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Palo	I-GPE
Alto	I-GPE
.	O


Police	O
say	O
she	O
told	O
them	O
a	O
pepperoni	O
pizza	O
had	O
been	O
delivered	O
to	O
the	O
house	O
where	O
she	O
was	O
held	O
.	O


Detectives	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
track	O
the	O
order	O
to	O
the	O
House	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
found	O
Alvarez	B-PERSON
hiding	O
in	O
the	O
attic	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
day	O
in	O
court	O
for	O
16	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
suburban	O
Chicago	B-GPE
high	O
school	O
girls	O
involved	O
in	O
a	O
violent	O
hazing	O
incident	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


They	O
're	O
facing	O
misdemeanor	O
charges	O
.	O


Mothers	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
students	O
at	O
Glenbrook	B-ORG
North	I-ORG
High	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
have	O
also	O
been	O
named	O
on	O
misdemeanor	O
charges	O
of	O
supplying	O
beer	O
to	O
the	O
teenagers	O
.	O


Federal	O
safety	O
officials	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
what	O
caused	O
a	O
deadly	O
boat	O
accident	O
off	O
the	O
Oregon	B-GPE
coast	O
.	O


A	O
charter	O
fishing	O
boat	O
capsized	O
in	O
rough	O
surf	O
Saturday	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
killing	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
are	O
missing	O
and	O
presumed	O
dead	O
.	O


Eight	B-CARDINAL
people	O
survived	O
.	O


They	O
believe	O
a	O
massive	O
wave	O
may	O
have	O
flipped	O
the	O
boat	O
over	O
.	O


How	O
could	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
end	O
up	O
in	O
prison	O
for	O
crimes	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
commit	O
?	O


The	O
story	O
behind	O
the	O
defendants	O
of	O
Tulia	B-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
our	O
``	O
Headlines	B-WORK_OF_ART
Timeline	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


July	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1999	I-DATE
--	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
massive	O
drug	O
bust	O
in	O
a	O
predominately	O
African	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
neighborhood	O
in	O
Tulia	B-GPE
.	O


Of	O
the	O
46	B-CARDINAL
people	O
arrested	O
,	O
39	O
are	O
African	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
.	O


The	O
case	O
against	O
them	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
testimony	O
of	O
undercover	O
officer	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
Coleman	I-PERSON
.	O


Coleman	B-PERSON
claimed	O
he	O
bought	O
drugs	O
from	O
the	O
defendants	O
,	O
but	O
offered	O
little	O
or	O
no	O
supporting	O
evidence	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
several	O
trials	O
ended	O
with	O
convictions	O
and	O
harsh	O
sentences	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
defendants	O
pleaded	O
guilty	O
to	O
avoid	O
hard	O
time	O
.	O


March	B-DATE
17	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2003	I-DATE
--	O
with	O
Coleman	B-PERSON
's	O
credibility	O
under	O
serious	O
attack	O
,	O
new	O
hearings	O
for	O
the	O
Tulia	B-GPE
defendants	O
get	O
under	O
way	O
.	O


The	O
hearings	O
are	O
stopped	O
when	O
the	O
judge	O
,	O
defense	O
attorneys	O
and	O
prosecutors	O
agree	O
that	O
Coleman	B-PERSON
lied	O
under	O
oath	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
racist	O
.	O


Coleman	B-PERSON
denies	O
doing	O
anything	O
wrong	O
.	O


It	O
took	O
a	O
special	O
act	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Texas	I-ORG
Legislature	I-ORG
to	O
clear	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
Monday	B-DATE
's	O
release	O
,	O
but	O
these	O
men	O
and	O
the	O
others	O
caught	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
Tulia	B-GPE
tragedy	O
are	O
still	O
convicted	O
criminals	O
.	O


Now	O
it	O
's	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
appeals	O
court	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Board	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Pardon	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Paroles	I-ORG
to	O
officially	O
clear	O
their	O
names	O
.	O


The	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
is	O
officially	O
endorsing	O
the	O
pro-democracy	O
demonstrations	O
in	O
Iran	B-GPE
.	O


For	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
now	O
,	O
protesters	O
have	O
been	O
clashing	O
with	O
police	O
and	O
backers	O
of	O
the	O
clerical	O
regime	O
in	O
Tehran	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
turn	O
,	O
the	O
Iranian	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
accused	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
of	O
providing	O
material	O
support	O
to	O
the	O
protesters	O
.	O


The	O
State	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
spokesman	O
says	O
the	O
demonstrations	O
are	O
about	O
Iran	B-GPE
and	O
Iranians	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
have	O
nothing	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
he	O
did	O
make	O
it	O
clear	O
where	O
U.S.	B-GPE
sympathies	O
lie	O
.	O


A	O
father	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
is	O
accused	O
of	O
dropping	O
his	O
baby	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
-	O
story	O
apartment	O
window	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
Jordena	B-PERSON
Ginsberg	I-PERSON
with	O
more	O
from	O
Affiliate	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Westchester	I-ORG
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Please	O
measure	O
the	O
spot	O
where	O
she	O
landed	O
after	O
she	O
was	O
thrown	O
from	O
a	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
window	O
.	O


The	O
baby	O
fell	O
80	B-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
.	O


These	O
tree	O
branches	O
cushioned	O
her	O
fall	O
and	O
saved	O
her	O
life	O
.	O


The	O
baby	O
's	O
aunt	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
her	O
face	O
shown	O
on	O
TV	O
,	O
but	O
told	O
us	O
she	O
was	O
stunned	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
glad	O
she	O
's	O
alive	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
miracle	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Now	O
,	O
Willie	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
little	O
girl	O
's	O
father	O
is	O
charged	O
with	O
attempted	O
murder	O
.	O


Police	O
say	O
it	O
all	O
started	O
at	O
around	B-TIME
11:30	I-TIME
Saturday	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
when	O
Williams	B-PERSON
got	O
into	O
a	O
fight	O
with	O
the	O
baby	O
's	O
mother	O
Jasmine	B-PERSON
Gil	I-PERSON
Yo	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
to	O
date	O
her	O
again	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
n't	O
interested	O
.	O


Cops	O
say	O
he	O
allegedly	O
kidnapped	O
her	O
and	O
threatened	O
her	O
but	O
eventually	O
brought	O
her	O
back	O
to	O
her	O
home	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
when	O
police	O
say	O
he	O
grabbed	O
their	O
daughter	O
.	O


The	O
father	O
of	O
the	O
child	O
allegedly	O
picked	O
the	O
baby	O
up	O
,	O
dangedled	O
it	O
out	O
the	O
window	O
,	O
pulled	O
the	O
child	O
back	O
in	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
baby	O
's	O
mother	O
made	O
a	O
frantic	O
call	O
to	O
the	O
police	O
.	O


While	O
she	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
,	O
he	O
picked	O
up	O
the	O
child	O
again	O
and	O
this	O
time	O
threw	O
her	O
out	O
the	O
window	O
.	O


Then	O
police	O
say	O
the	O
baby	O
's	O
mother	O
pulled	O
out	O
a	O
kitchen	O
knife	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
hear	O
Williams	B-PERSON
say	O
,	O
Go	O
ahead	O
,	O
kill	O
me	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
point	O
the	O
baby	O
's	O
mother	O
stabbed	O
him	O
right	O
in	O
the	O
hand	O
.	O


Still	O
bleeding	O
,	O
he	O
ran	O
downstairs	O
and	O
scooped	O
up	O
the	O
baby	O
,	O
and	O
took	O
the	O
baby	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O


Police	O
were	O
on	O
his	O
trail	O
and	O
found	O
Williams	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
baby	O
at	O
the	O
--	O


A	O
man	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
is	O
facing	O
attempted	O
murder	O
charges	O
after	O
allegedly	O
throwing	O
his	O
baby	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
stories	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
below	O
.	O


Jordeena	B-PERSON
Ginsburg	I-PERSON
from	O
News	B-ORG
12	I-ORG
Westchester	I-ORG
has	O
the	O
story	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Police	O
measure	O
the	O
spot	O
where	O
ten	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Miana	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
landed	O
after	O
she	O
was	O
thrown	O
from	O
a	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
window	O
at	O
this	O
apartment	O
building	O
.	O


The	O
baby	O
fell	O
80	B-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
.	O


These	O
tree	O
branches	O
cushioned	O
her	O
fall	O
and	O
saved	O
her	O
life	O
.	O


The	O
baby	O
's	O
aunt	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
her	O
face	O
shown	O
on	O
TV	O
but	O
told	O
us	O
she	O
was	O
stunned	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
glad	O
she	O
's	O
alive	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
miracle	O
she	O
survived	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Now	O
Willie	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
the	O
girl	O
's	O
father	O
is	O
charged	O
with	O
attempted	O
murder	O
.	O


It	O
all	O
started	O
around	B-TIME
11:30	I-TIME
Saturday	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
when	O
Williams	B-PERSON
got	O
into	O
a	O
fight	O
with	O
the	O
baby	O
's	O
mother	O
,	O
Jasmine	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
to	O
date	O
her	O
again	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
n't	O
interested	O
.	O


Cops	O
say	O
he	O
allegedly	O
kidnapped	O
her	O
in	O
his	O
car	O
and	O
threatened	O
her	O
but	O
eventually	O
brought	O
her	O
back	O
to	O
her	O
home	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
when	O
police	O
say	O
he	O
grabbed	O
her	O
daughter	O
.	O


The	O
father	O
allegedly	O
picked	O
the	O
baby	O
up	O
,	O
dangled	O
it	O
out	O
the	O
window	O
of	O
the	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
,	O
pulled	O
the	O
child	O
back	O
in	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Then	O
the	O
baby	O
's	O
mother	O
made	O
a	O
frantic	O
call	O
to	O
police	O
.	O


While	O
she	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
,	O
police	O
say	O
Williams	B-PERSON
picked	O
up	O
the	O
child	O
again	O
and	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
threw	O
her	O
out	O
the	O
window	O
.	O


Then	O
police	O
say	O
the	O
baby	O
's	O
mother	O
pulled	O
out	O
a	O
kitchen	O
knife	O
.	O


opinion	O


On	O
the	O
911	B-CARDINAL
tape	O
you	O
can	O
hear	O
William	B-PERSON
's	O
tape	O
say	O
``	O
go	O
ahead	O
kill	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Still	O
bleeding	O
,	O
he	O
ran	O
downstairs	O
and	O
scooped	O
up	O
the	O
baby	O
and	O
took	O
the	O
baby	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O


Police	O
were	O
on	O
his	O
trail	O
and	O
found	O
Williams	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
baby	O
at	O
Memorial	B-FAC
Hospital	I-FAC
where	O
--	O


CNN	B-ORG
has	O
learned	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
sent	O
a	O
private	O
letter	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
,	O
ordering	O
them	O
to	O
attack	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
allies	O
.	O


A	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Pakistani	B-NORP
troops	O
zeroed	O
in	O
on	O
Bin	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
location	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
escaped	O
.	O


Intelligence	O
sources	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
say	O
the	O
message	O
was	O
taken	O
by	O
couriers	O
from	O
an	O
area	O
along	O
the	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
/	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
border	O
,	O
where	O
Bin	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
is	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
hiding	O
.	O


The	O
message	O
was	O
spread	O
to	O
al	B-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
members	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
,	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
and	O
Asia	B-LOC
.	O


We	O
begin	O
tonight	B-TIME
with	O
a	O
big	O
story	O
out	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


CNN	B-ORG
has	O
learned	O
that	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
has	O
obtained	O
critical	O
pieces	O
of	O
nuclear	O
technology	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
parts	O
are	O
essential	O
to	O
developing	O
a	O
nuclear	O
bomb	O
program	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
hidden	O
under	O
a	O
rosebush	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
yard	O
of	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
scientist	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


That	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
scientist	O
hid	O
the	O
components	O
12	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
said	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
son	O
,	O
Qusay	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
his	O
then	O
son	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
ordered	O
him	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
tells	O
CNN	B-ORG
he	O
was	O
told	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
parts	O
hidden	O
so	O
they	O
would	O
be	O
ready	O
when	O
the	O
time	O
came	O
to	O
rebuild	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
program	O
.	O


The	O
parts	O
are	O
from	O
a	O
gas	O
centrifuge	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
enriching	O
uranium	O
in	O
bomb	O
quality	O
material	O
.	O


Looks	O
like	O
there	O
may	O
be	O
some	O
evidence	O
that	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
is	O
alive	O
and	O
still	O
plotting	O
.	O


CNN	B-ORG
learned	O
the	O
al	B-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
leader	O
sent	O
personal	O
letters	O
to	O
key	O
operatives	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
,	O
ordering	O
them	O
to	O
attack	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
its	O
allies	O
.	O


Intelligence	O
sources	O
say	O
the	O
correspondence	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
border	O
between	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
and	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
Osama	B-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
is	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
hiding	O
.	O


Couriers	O
delivered	O
the	O
letters	O
to	O
locations	O
including	O
Africa	B-LOC
,	O
Asia	B-LOC
and	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


A	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Pakistani	B-NORP
force	O
has	O
a	O
lead	O
on	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
they	O
moved	O
in	O
,	O
he	O
had	O
vanished	O
again	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
want	O
to	O
update	O
you	O
on	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
remarks	O
.	O


The	O
U.N.	B-ORG
Secretary	O
-	O
General	O
did	O
not	O
answer	O
questions	O
on	O
Iraq	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
result	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
nothing	O
to	O
report	O
on	O
that	O
front	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
just	O
gotten	O
word	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Ninth	I-ORG
Circuit	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Appeals	I-ORG
that	O
that	O
court	O
has	O
now	O
put	O
on	O
hold	O
its	O
ruling	O
banning	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Pledge	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Allegiance	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
public	O
classrooms	O
.	O


Schools	O
in	O
nine	O
Western	B-NORP
states	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
prohibited	O
from	O
having	O
students	O
say	O
the	O
pledge	O
starting	O
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
stay	O
was	O
granted	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
school	O
districts	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
initial	O
cases	O
90	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
to	O
appeal	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
here	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
appeals	O
court	O
ruled	O
last	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
phrase	O
under	O
God	B-PERSON
which	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
pledge	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1950s	I-DATE
is	O
an	O
unconstitutional	O
endorsement	O
of	O
religion	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
continue	O
to	O
follow	O
this	O
court	O
ruling	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
how	O
you	O
're	O
weighing	O
in	O
on	O
our	O
web	O
question	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


Remember	O
when	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
asking	O
you	O
this	O
question	O
,	O
Who	O
is	O
the	O
number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
threat	O
facing	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
?	O
Is	O
it	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
,	O
Kim	B-PERSON
Jong	I-PERSON
Il	I-PERSON
or	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
?	O


Look	O
at	O
the	O
results	O
.	O


13	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
you	O
say	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
.	O


14	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
you	O
who	O
voted	O
say	O
Kim	B-PERSON
Jong	I-PERSON
Il	I-PERSON
.	O


41	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
say	O
Osama	B-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
.	O


Remember	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
,	O
not	O
a	O
13	B-CARDINAL
,	O
46	B-CARDINAL
,	O
4	B-CARDINAL
1	I-CARDINAL
,	O
those	O
are	O
the	O
numbers	O
.	O


You	O
see	O
them	O
,	O
13	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
,	O
46	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
Kim	B-PERSON
Jong	I-PERSON
Il	I-PERSON
,	O
41	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
Osama	B-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
.	O


Remember	O
this	O
,	O
ask	O
not	O
a	O
scientific	O
poll	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
with	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
March	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
2003	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
Blitzer	I-PERSON
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Is	O
the	O
U.S.	O
going	O
to	O
war	O
?	O


If	O
you	O
listen	O
to	O
the	O
from	O
's	O
men	O
it	O
sounds	O
like	O
the	O
battle	O
is	O
about	O
to	O
begin	O
,	O
maybe	O
only	O
days	O
from	O
now	O
.	O


America	B-GPE
's	O
top	O
diplomat	O
laid	O
out	O
the	O
case	O
for	O
war	O
.	O


Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Colin	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
acted	O
like	O
a	O
prosecutor	O
,	O
pointing	O
out	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
failures	O
.	O


Over	O
at	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
,	O
the	O
military	O
leaders	O
say	O
that	O
troops	O
are	O
ready	O
to	O
fight	O
right	O
now	O
even	O
as	O
they	O
await	O
word	O
of	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
order	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
major	O
opposition	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
plan	O
a	O
showdown	O
at	O
Theupups	O
in	O
a	O
bid	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
's	O
war	O
machine	O
and	O
their	O
voices	O
of	O
dissent	O
echoed	O
by	O
protestors	O
from	O
Australia	B-GPE
to	O
Egypt	B-GPE
to	O
university	O
students	O
right	O
here	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Even	O
the	O
Vatican	B-GPE
voiced	O
concerns	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Later	B-TIME
this	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
I	O
'll	O
speak	O
exclusively	O
to	O
Cardinal	O
Pio	B-PERSON
Laghi	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
man	O
dispatched	O
by	O
Pope	O
John	B-PERSON
Paul	I-PERSON
II	I-PERSON
to	O
persuade	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
to	O
avoid	O
war	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
begin	O
with	O
reports	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
.	O


First	O
to	O
Chris	B-PERSON
Burns	I-PERSON
with	O
news	O
on	O
the	O
President	O
and	O
the	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
who	O
switched	O
from	O
diplomacy	O
to	O
talk	O
of	O
war	O
.	O


Chris	B-PERSON
?	O


Welcome	O
back	O
.	O


25	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
after	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	O


Time	O
for	O
the	O
Cafferty	B-PERSON
file	O
.	O


Good	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	I-TIME


A	O
crazy	O
world	O
we	O
live	O
in	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
upheld	O
the	O
toughest	O
three	B-CARDINAL
strikes	O
law	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


That	O
's	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
.	O


They	O
rejected	O
challenges	O
to	O
the	O
law	O
of	O
sentences	O
of	O
25	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
life	O
without	O
parole	O
for	O
a	O
man	O
convicted	O
of	O
stealing	O
some	O
golf	O
clubs	O
and	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
for	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
stole	O
some	O
videotapes	O
.	O


The	O
idea	O
is	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
three	B-CARDINAL
felony	O
convictions	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
out	O
of	O
here	O
.	O


The	O
voters	O
overwhelmingly	O
passed	O
the	O
law	O
in	O
1994	B-DATE
to	O
offset	O
the	O
liberal	O
and	O
lenient	O
judges	O
who	O
let	O
bad	O
people	O
off	O
with	O
nothing	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
slap	O
of	O
the	O
wrist	O
.	O


They	O
appealed	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


Currently	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
7000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
serving	O
25	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
life	O
sentences	O
under	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
strikes	O
law	O
.	O


,	O
300	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
are	O
in	O
there	O
for	O
things	O
like	O
petty	O
theft	O
.	O


25	B-CARDINAL
other	O
states	O
that	O
have	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
strikes	O
law	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
brings	O
us	O
to	O
the	O
question	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
close	O
vote	O
.	O


5	B-CARDINAL
in	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
.	O


Here	O
is	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


You	O
can	O
e-mail	O
us	O
at	O
am@cnn.com	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
designed	O
to	O
counter	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O
that	O
I	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
newspaper	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
where	O
a	O
Brooklyn	B-GPE
woman	O
who	O
scalded	O
her	O
4	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
to	O
death	O
in	O
a	O
bathtub	O
,	O
walked	O
out	O
of	O
court	O
a	O
free	O
woman	O
yesterday	B-DATE
sentenced	O
to	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
probation	O
.	O


It	O
took	O
the	O
child	O
three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
to	O
die	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
from	O
the	O
injuries	O
it	O
suffered	O
at	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
its	O
mother	O
and	O
she	O
's	O
free	O
.	O


Five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
probation	O
for	O
killing	O
her	O
4	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
by	O
scalding	O
it	O
to	O
death	O
in	O
the	O
bathtub	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
the	O
--	O


Tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
college	O
and	O
high	O
school	O
students	O
stage	O
antiwar	O
protests	O
on	O
campuses	O
yesterday	B-DATE
from	O
coast	O
to	O
coast	O
.	O


California	B-GPE
now	O
,	O
high	O
school	O
and	O
college	O
students	O
there	O
skipped	O
class	O
to	O
show	O
their	O
opposition	O
to	O
a	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
led	O
war	O
with	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Books	O
not	O
Bombs	O
demonstration	O
coordinated	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Youth	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Student	I-ORG
Peace	I-ORG
Coalition	I-ORG
.	O


Record	O
temperatures	O
in	O
the	O
north	O
.	O


Threatening	O
right	O
now	O
to	O
freeze	O
over	O
Lake	B-LOC
Superior	I-LOC
surface	O
.	O


If	O
so	O
,	O
forecasters	O
say	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
there	O
in	O
about	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
decades	I-DATE
.	O


Lake	B-LOC
Superior	I-LOC
,	O
the	O
largest	O
of	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
Great	B-LOC
Lakes	I-LOC
.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
look	O
too	O
frozen	O
there	O
.	O


That	O
her	O
younger	O
sister	O
,	O
Mary	B-PERSON
Katherine	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
went	O
to	O
her	O
father	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
dad	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
I	O
know	O
who	O
did	O
this	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
it	O
took	O
some	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
before	O
they	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
picture	O
and	O
identify	O
the	O
picture	O
as	O
this	B-PERSON
Brian	I-PERSON
David	I-PERSON
Mitchell	I-PERSON
and	O
then	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
Wanda	B-PERSON
Barzee	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
other	O
questions	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
are	O
Why	O
did	O
n't	O
Elizabeth	B-PERSON
Smart	I-PERSON
try	O
to	O
escape	O
?	O
Were	O
there	O
opportunities	O
perhaps	O
that	O
she	O
might	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
away	O
from	O
her	O
abductors	O
?	O


The	O
police	O
are	O
saying	O
she	O
was	O
abducted	O
by	O
knife	O
point	O
and	O
was	O
an	O
opportunity	O
and	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
fear	O
factor	O
going	O
on	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
seeing	O
a	O
lot	O
locally	O
here	O
some	O
photographs	O
that	O
are	O
coming	O
out	O
,	O
that	O
show	O
Mitchell	B-PERSON
,	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
and	O
who	O
they	O
believe	O
to	O
be	O
Elizabeth	B-PERSON
Smart	I-PERSON
at	O
a	O
party	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
.	O


There	O
were	O
times	O
perhaps	O
they	O
were	O
in	O
a	O
park	O
somewhere	O
in	O
Salt	B-GPE
Lake	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
completely	O
robed	O
in	O
these	O
veils	O
and	O
robes	O
so	O
you	O
could	O
not	O
see	O
her	O
face	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
questions	O
coming	O
out	O
about	O
why	O
she	O
could	O
not	O
get	O
away	O
from	O
them	O
,	O
that	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
answered	O
.	O


The	O
police	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
holding	O
a	O
press	O
conference	O
later	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


We	O
're	O
hoping	O
to	O
get	O
more	O
details	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


You	O
've	O
heard	O
the	O
old	O
saying	O
,	O
the	O
best	O
offense	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
defense	O
?	O


Perhaps	O
with	O
that	O
in	O
mind	O
,	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
threat	O
level	O
back	O
at	O
orange	O
,	O
or	O
high	O
,	O
to	O
discourage	O
and	O
thwart	O
potential	O
terrorist	O
attacks	O
.	O


What	O
does	O
this	O
mean	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
traveling	O
you	O
might	O
ask	O
.	O


To	O
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Patty	B-PERSON
Davis	I-PERSON
at	O
Reagan	B-FAC
National	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
.	O


What	O
are	O
travelers	O
to	O
do	O
and	O
,	O
for	O
that	O
matter	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
do	O
?	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Miles	B-PERSON
,	O
what	O
that	O
means	O
is	O
tighter	O
security	O
at	O
airports	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
could	O
potentially	O
slow	O
you	O
down	O
.	O


Some	O
things	O
you	O
may	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
,	O
first	O
of	O
all	O
,	O
just	O
get	O
here	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
early	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
Homeland	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
chief	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Ridge	I-PERSON
described	O
some	O
of	O
those	O
new	O
security	O
measures	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
ones	O
that	O
are	O
already	O
in	O
place	O
.	O


Begin	O
the	O
training	O
for	O
the	O
pilots	O
in	O
the	O
cockpits	O
with	O
firearms	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
the	O
hardened	O
cockpit	O
doors	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
training	O
for	O
the	O
flight	O
attendants	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
more	O
federal	O
air	O
marshals	O
.	O


You	O
come	O
outside	O
the	O
airplane	O
itself	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
technology	O
,	O
100	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
inspection	O
of	O
baggage	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
new	O
trained	O
inspectors	O
for	O
passengers	O
.	O


You	O
enhance	O
airport	O
security	O
outside	O
the	O
perimeter	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
additional	O
random	O
inspections	O
of	O
vehicles	O
and	O
potentially	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
airport	O
,	O
some	O
limitations	O
of	O
ingress	O
and	O
egress	O
into	O
the	O
airport	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Airports	O
are	O
currently	O
--	O


Back	O
to	O
something	O
Kelly	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
said	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
somewhat	O
blase	O
attitude	O
of	O
Israelis	B-NORP
.	O


We	O
were	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
front	O
page	O
of	O
The	B-ORG
Jerusalem	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
the	B-DATE
other	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
big	O
banner	O
headline	O
that	O
day	O
big	O
and	O
bold	O
,	O
was	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
issues	O
ultimatum	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
side	O
column	O
,	O
as	O
an	O
afterthought	O
,	O
citizens	O
told	O
to	O
carry	O
gas	O
masks	O
wherever	O
they	O
go	O
.	O


It	O
gives	O
you	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
,	O
perhaps	O
what	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
tension	O
and	O
war	O
will	O
do	O
to	O
your	O
mentality	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
does	O
also	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
are	O
a	O
bit	O
more	O
blase	O
,	O
if	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
fair	O
word	O
for	O
it	O
,	O
than	O
perhaps	O
we	O
are	O
.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
when	O
he	O
talked	O
earlier	O
to	O
reporters	O
,	O
mentioned	O
that	O
,	O
this	O
war	O
is	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
homeland	O
,	O
our	O
homeland	O
,	O
more	O
secure	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
,	O
that	O
whole	O
issue	O
of	O
Homeland	O
Security	O
must	O
be	O
so	O
much	O
on	O
the	O
minds	O
of	O
so	O
many	O
government	O
officials	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
terror	O
alert	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
so	O
good	O
is	O
the	O
assessment	O
we	O
're	O
getting	O
from	O
senior	O
administration	O
officials	O
as	O
they	O
try	O
to	O
track	O
what	O
they	O
worry	O
about	O
most	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
have	O
the	O
strikes	O
overseas	O
throughout	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
retaliatory	O
terror	O
strikes	O
,	O
either	O
by	O
organized	O
terrorist	O
networks	O
or	O
sympathetic	O
terrorists	O
or	O
people	O
against	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
in	O
this	O
country	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
so	O
good	O
.	O


No	O
plans	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
told	O
,	O
to	O
raise	O
the	O
threat	O
level	O
,	O
though	O
it	O
's	O
already	O
at	O
orange	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
high	O
.	O


So	O
Microsoft	B-ORG
of	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
business	O
has	O
been	O
behind	O
the	O
scenes	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
's	O
the	O
most	O
senior	O
of	O
about	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
senior	O
administration	O
officials	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
and	O
the	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
National	O
Security	O
Advisor	O
fanning	O
out	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
told	O
in	O
phone	O
calls	O
to	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
world	O
leaders	O
offering	O
them	O
an	O
update	O
on	O
what	O
is	O
going	O
on	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
did	O
hear	O
from	O
the	O
President	O
a	O
bit	O
earlier	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


We	O
see	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
capitol	O
under	O
siege	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
in	O
the	B-FAC
Cabinet	I-FAC
Room	I-FAC
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
to	O
portray	O
a	O
different	O
image	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
show	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
's	O
business	O
as	O
usual	O
,	O
urgent	O
business	O
as	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
business	O
as	O
usual	O
with	O
Secretary	O
of	O
Defense	B-ORG
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
on	O
one	O
side	O
,	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Powell	B-PERSON
on	O
the	O
other	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
offered	O
a	O
brief	O
statement	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
Cabinet	I-FAC
Room	I-FAC
.	O


Call	O
my	O
cabinet	O
together	O
to	O
review	O
our	O
strategies	O
,	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
world	O
more	O
peaceful	O
,	O
to	O
make	O
our	O
country	O
more	O
secure	O
,	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
our	O
citizens	O
as	O
healthy	O
and	O
as	O
prosperous	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


We	O
heard	O
from	O
Secretary	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
who	O
briefed	O
us	O
on	O
the	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
question	O
we	O
've	O
set	O
the	O
finest	O
of	O
our	O
citizens	O
into	O
harm	O
's	O
way	O
.	O


They	O
performed	O
with	O
great	O
skill	O
and	O
great	O
bravery	O
.	O


We	O
thank	O
them	O
.	O


We	O
thank	O
their	O
loved	O
ones	O
.	O


We	O
appreciate	O
their	O
sacrifice	O
.	O


We	O
heard	O
from	O
Secretary	O
Powell	B-PERSON
who	O
briefed	O
us	O
on	O
the	O
ever	O
-	O
growing	O
coalition	O
of	O
the	O
willing	O
,	O
nations	O
who	O
support	O
our	O
deep	O
desire	O
for	O
peace	O
and	O
freedom	O
.	O


Over	B-CARDINAL
40	I-CARDINAL
nations	O
now	O
support	O
our	O
efforts	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
grateful	O
for	O
their	O
determination	O
.	O


We	O
appreciate	O
their	O
vision	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
welcome	O
their	O
support	O
.	O


As	O
well	O
,	O
we	O
discussed	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
we	O
have	O
plans	O
in	O
place	O
to	O
encourage	O
economic	O
vitality	O
and	O
growth	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
push	O
for	O
a	O
Medicare	B-ORG
system	O
compassionate	O
for	O
your	O
seniors	O
.	O


We	O
care	O
deeply	O
about	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
some	O
children	O
in	O
our	O
society	O
ca	O
n't	O
read	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
education	O
for	O
every	O
citizen	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
cabinet	O
is	O
confident	O
about	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
our	O
country	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
confident	O
we	O
can	O
achieve	O
our	O
objectives	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
grateful	O
for	O
their	O
service	O
to	O
their	O
country	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
all	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


So	O
even	O
at	O
the	O
very	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
a	O
defining	O
moment	O
of	O
Bush	B-PERSON
presidency	O
,	O
the	O
President	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
case	O
his	O
eyes	O
and	O
especially	O
the	O
eyes	O
of	O
his	O
cabinet	O
still	O
on	O
the	O
domestic	O
affairs	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
as	O
the	O
early	O
prosecution	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
continues	O
.	O


One	O
thing	O
the	O
President	O
said	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
contention	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
the	O
President	O
called	O
it	O
an	O
ever	O
-	O
growing	O
coalition	O
of	O
40	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
handful	O
more	O
nations	O
that	O
were	O
actively	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
coalition	O
his	O
father	O
assembled	O
12	O
years	O
ago	O
for	O
the	B-EVENT
Persian	I-EVENT
Gulf	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
significant	O
difference	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
coalition	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
doing	O
the	O
overwhelming	O
load	O
of	O
the	O
fighting	O
.	O


British	B-NORP
forces	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
,	O
Australian	B-NORP
troops	O
scheduled	O
to	O
take	O
part	O
,	O
perhaps	O
in	O
some	O
way	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
last	O
Gulf	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
,	O
you	O
had	O
Arab	B-NORP
forces	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
,	O
the	O
Egyptians	B-NORP
,	O
Syrians	B-NORP
,	O
Saudis	B-NORP
,	O
Qataris	B-NORP
taking	O
up	O
arms	O
to	O
expel	O
the	B-ORG
Iraqi	I-ORG
Armiy	I-ORG
from	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
.	O


No	O
such	O
participation	O
this	O
time	O
around	O
.	O


ABC	O


the	O
President	O
says	O
,	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
growing	O
coalition	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
big	O
geopolitical	O
debates	O
going	O
on	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
as	O
the	O
President	O
--	O


We	O
are	O
watching	O
activity	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


While	O
we	O
do	O
,	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
Marines	B-NORP
battling	O
for	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
bridges	O
in	O
the	O
southern	O
city	O
of	O
Nasiriyah	B-GPE
face	O
stiff	O
resistance	O
from	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
paramilitary	O
groups	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


For	O
some	O
perspective	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
turn	O
to	O
Miles	B-PERSON
O'Brien	I-PERSON
with	O
retired	O
Air	B-ORG
Force	I-ORG
General	O
Don	B-PERSON
Shepperd	I-PERSON
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
fight	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
encounter	O
bridges	O
somewhere	O
along	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
bridges	O
between	O
where	O
the	B-ORG
3	I-ORG
7	I-ORG
Cavalry	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
forces	O
are	O
now	O
and	O
their	O
ultimate	O
destination	O
,	O
downtown	O
Baghdad	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
the	O
city	O
laid	O
out	O
for	O
you	O
here	O
.	O


How	O
many	O
bridges	O
in	O
this	O
city	O
alone	O
?	O


In	O
this	O
map	O
we	O
have	O
right	O
here	O
,	O
13	B-CARDINAL
major	O
bridges	O
in	O
downtown	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
including	O
the	O
expressway	O
bridge	O
over	O
here	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
bridges	O
here	O
attaching	O
East	B-GPE
Baghdad	I-GPE
to	O
West	B-GPE
Baghdad	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
palace	O
area	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
one	O
technique	O
,	O
one	O
possible	O
way	O
U.S.	B-GPE
forces	O
might	O
seize	O
a	O
bridge	O
,	O
a	O
bridge	O
that	O
might	O
be	O
defended	O
by	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
.	O


Let	O
's	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
animation	O
.	O


Typical	O
scenario	O
there	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
really	O
matter	O
for	O
this	O
scenario	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
laying	O
out	O
here	O
.	O


This	O
would	O
be	O
representing	O
M1	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
A1	I-PRODUCT
tanks	O
coming	O
towards	O
the	O
bridge	O
firing	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
bundle	O
up	O
and	O
line	O
up	O
to	O
go	O
across	O
that	O
bridge	O
.	O


Makes	O
it	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
fire	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
.	O


Potentially	O
chemical	O
weapons	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
turn	O
the	O
other	O
direction	O
,	O
what	O
you	O
'll	O
see	O
are	O
these	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
tanks	O
that	O
are	O
kind	O
of	O
fortified	O
there	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
burns	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
artillery	O
behind	O
them	O
firing	O
back	O
.	O


there	O
goes	O
the	O
smoke	O
screen	O
.	O


The	O
idea	O
of	O
the	O
smoke	O
screen	O
is	O
to	O
obscure	O
the	O
oncoming	O
forces	O
firing	O
at	O
you	O
from	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
work	O
,	O
though	O
.	O


It	O
works	O
both	O
ways	O
.	O


It	O
obscures	O
you	O
but	O
also	O
obscures	O
them	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
an	O
f	O
.	O


He	O
comes	O
in	O
and	O
wants	O
to	O
identify	O
his	O
target	O
and	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
a	O
big	O
--	O


Ca	O
n't	O
see	O
through	O
the	O
smoke	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
got	O
some	O
techniques	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
show	O
you	O
.	O


Somewhere	O
near	O
we	O
can	O
put	O
down	O
special	O
--	O


On	O
we	O
go	O
in	O
the	O
meantime	O
.	O


Again	O
,	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
there	O
were	O
disturbing	O
hints	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
underscore	O
hints	O
here	O
,	O
that	O
coalition	O
forces	O
may	O
soon	O
face	O
an	O
attack	O
using	O
chemical	O
weapons	O
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
the	O
story	O
centered	O
on	O
intelligence	O
regarding	O
enemy	O
intentions	O
.	O


Today	O
the	O
evidence	O
is	O
somewhat	O
more	O
tangible	O
.	O


Reporting	O
for	O
us	O
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
David	B-PERSON
Ensor	I-PERSON
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
evidence	O
is	O
accumulating	O
that	O
Iraq	B-GPE
may	O
be	O
planning	O
to	O
use	O
chemical	O
weapons	O
.	O


Gas	O
masks	O
turning	O
up	O
in	O
abandoned	O
trenches	O
.	O


In	O
Nasiriyah	B-GPE
in	O
a	O
building	O
marked	O
as	O
a	O
hospital	O
U.S.	B-GPE
Marines	B-NORP
found	O
weapons	O
,	O
atropine	O
antidote	O
kits	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
was	O
not	O
all	O
.	O


They	O
found	O
over	B-CARDINAL
3,000	I-CARDINAL
chemical	O
suits	O
and	O
gas	O
masks	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
military	O
uniforms	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
findings	O
are	O
heightening	O
concerns	O
among	O
coalition	O
forces	O
approaching	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
since	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
should	O
know	O
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
British	B-NORP
forces	O
do	O
not	O
use	O
chemical	O
weapons	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
say	O
some	O
intelligence	O
indicates	O
a	O
red	O
line	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
drawn	O
around	O
the	O
capital	O
with	O
Republican	B-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
units	O
ordered	O
to	O
use	O
chemical	O
weapons	O
once	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
allied	O
troops	O
cross	O
it	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
also	O
intelligence	O
,	O
officials	O
say	O
,	O
suggesting	O
Republican	B-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
units	O
have	O
been	O
issued	O
artillery	O
shells	O
containing	O
chemical	O
agents	O
.	O


There	O
has	O
been	O
intelligence	O
scraps	O
,	O
who	O
knows	O
how	O
accurate	O
they	O
are	O
,	O
chatter	O
in	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
that	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
closer	O
that	O
coalition	O
forces	O
get	O
to	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
and	O
Tikrit	B-GPE
the	O
greater	O
the	O
likelihood	O
and	O
that	O
some	O
command	O
and	O
control	O
arrangements	O
have	O
been	O
put	O
in	O
place	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


In	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
Deputy	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Tariq	B-PERSON
Aziz	I-PERSON
repeated	O
his	O
government	O
's	O
stand	O
--	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
weapons	O
of	O
mass	O
destruction	O
.	O


Translator	O
:	O


When	O
they	O
started	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
weapons	O
of	O
mass	O
destruction	O
,	O
we	O
know	O
and	O
we	O
always	O
knew	O
that	O
that	O
was	O
fabrication	O
and	O
lies	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Experts	O
say	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
forces	O
will	O
likely	O
try	O
to	O
hold	O
out	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
for	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
possible	O
without	O
using	O
the	O
weapons	O
his	O
government	O
insists	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
,	O
hoping	O
to	O
build	O
international	O
pressure	O
on	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Britain	B-GPE
to	O
back	O
down	O
.	O


In	O
that	O
sense	O
any	O
use	O
of	O
chemical	O
weapons	O
would	O
be	O
counterproductive	O
to	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
,	O
because	O
it	O
would	O
only	O
galvanize	O
international	O
--	O


For	O
some	O
Americans	B-NORP
who	O
find	O
themselves	O
spending	O
hours	B-TIME
on	O
end	O
watching	O
television	O
coverage	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
hard	O
to	O
break	O
away	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
especially	O
true	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
loved	O
one	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
zone	O
,	O
but	O
as	O
our	O
Candy	B-PERSON
Crowley	I-PERSON
reminds	O
us	O
,	O
life	O
does	O
and	O
must	O
go	O
on	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Spring	O
-	O
time	O
and	O
a	O
game	O
of	O
catch	O
on	O
the	B-FAC
Washington	I-FAC
Mall	I-FAC
.	O


A	O
gentle	O
breeze	O
and	O
a	O
good	O
meal	O
beside	O
the	B-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
.	O


That	O
other	O
place	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
on	O
TV	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
might	O
as	O
well	O
be	O
on	O
another	O
planet	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
point	O
.	O


We	O
happen	O
to	O
be	O
at	O
a	O
very	O
nice	O
spot	O
by	O
the	O
beach	O
where	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
chance	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
get	O
away	O
from	O
CNN	B-ORG
coverage	O
,	O
everything	O
,	O
and	O
kind	O
of	O
relax	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Time	O
to	O
redefine	O
normal	O
again	O
,	O
which	O
on	O
the	O
homefront	O
now	O
seems	O
to	O
mean	O
life	O
as	O
you	O
live	O
it	O
only	O
weirder	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
amazed	O
at	O
how	O
unaffected	O
I	O
am	O
by	O
things	O
,	O
how	O
I	O
'm	O
still	O
coming	O
to	O
work	O
and	O
doing	O
the	O
same	O
things	O
and	O
going	O
for	O
a	O
walk	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
just	O
seems	O
so	O
strange	O
to	O
me	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
almost	O
a	O
parallel	O
universe	O
.	O


More	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
70	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
Americans	B-NORP
say	O
they	O
are	O
sad	O
about	O
the	O
war	O
.	O


The	O
barber	O
at	O
Hinsville	B-GPE
Georgia	B-GPE
larries	O
that	O
.	O


They	O
seem	O
more	O
depressed	O
.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
them	O
afraid	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
lose	O
their	O
jobs	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
down	O
and	O
all	O
kind	O
of	O
stuff	O
.	O


Life	O
on	O
the	O
homefront	O
seems	O
the	O
same	O
at	O
Farmer	B-FAC
's	I-FAC
Market	I-FAC
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
more	O
angst	O
ridden	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
affecting	O
our	O
business	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
I	O
was	O
worried	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
never	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
's	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
terrorism	O
that	O
happens	O
here	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
would	O
definitely	O
put	O
a	O
damper	O
on	O
everything	O
.	O


Nationwide	O
,	O
people	O
shopped	O
less	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
war	O
.	O


Sales	O
fell	O
2	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
from	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Air	O
travel	O
has	O
fallen	O
10	O
mers	O
since	O
the	O
war	O
began	O
and	O
some	O
hotel	O
chains	O
say	O
cancellations	O
are	O
up	O
.	O


60	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
people	O
say	O
they	O
're	O
watching	O
the	O
war	O
.	O


My	O
boyfriend	O
has	O
been	O
watching	O
the	O
TV	O
like	O
every	B-DATE
single	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
every	O
time	O
it	O
comes	O
on	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
watching	O
it	O
.	O


Maybe	O
fewer	O
people	O
are	O
shopping	O
because	O
they	O
're	O
watching	O
TV	O
.	O


Maybe	O
fewer	O
are	O
flying	O
because	O
they	O
worry	O
about	O
terrorism	O
or	O
they	O
worry	O
about	O
what	O
the	O
war	O
will	O
do	O
to	O
the	O
economy	O
or	O
maybe	O
it	O
's	O
everything	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
no	O
one	O
economic	O
statistics	O
to	O
point	O
to	O
a	O
downturn	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
an	O
overall	O
feeling	O
,	O
a	O
psychological	O
feeling	O
that	O
everything	O
is	O
frozen	O
,	O
everything	O
is	O
on	O
hold	O
.	O


Consumers	O
are	O
n't	O
spending	O
,	O
people	O
are	O
n't	O
buying	O
stock	O
,	O
everything	O
is	O
--	O


Tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
additional	O
U.S.	B-GPE
troops	O
are	O
getting	O
ready	O
to	O
join	O
coalition	O
forces	O
fighting	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
departures	O
are	O
already	O
underway	O
at	O
Fort	B-FAC
Hood	I-FAC
Texas	B-GPE
.	O


CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Jamie	B-PERSON
Kolbe	I-PERSON
is	O
there	O
reporting	O
,	O
Jamie	B-PERSON
on	O
these	O
families	O
who	O
are	O
saying	O
good-bye	O
to	O
their	O
loved	O
ones	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
military	O
town	O
,	O
Judy	B-PERSON
and	O
little	O
by	O
little	O
we	O
are	O
seeing	O
these	O
soldiers	O
head	O
out	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
strange	O
way	O
and	O
this	O
may	O
sound	O
unusual	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
little	O
sense	O
of	O
relief	O
because	O
these	O
soldiers	O
were	O
set	O
to	O
leave	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
and	O
now	O
they	O
got	O
second	O
deployment	O
orders	O
,	O
the	O
delay	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
the	O
inability	O
to	O
get	O
access	O
to	O
Turkey	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
along	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
4th	I-ORG
Infantry	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
is	O
one	O
steeped	O
in	O
tradition	O
and	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
real	O
sense	O
of	O
pride	O
among	O
the	O
soldiers	O
,	O
250	B-CARDINAL
of	O
which	O
left	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


Over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
12,000	B-CARDINAL
will	O
be	O
leaving	O
from	O
here	O
,	O
another	O
4,000	B-CARDINAL
from	O
Fort	B-FAC
Carson	I-FAC
in	O
Colorado	B-GPE
and	O
it	O
dates	O
back	O
to	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
I	I-EVENT
.	O


Their	O
equipment	O
that	O
left	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
is	O
now	O
on	O
a	O
ship	O
on	O
its	O
way	O
south	O
through	O
the	B-FAC
Suez	I-FAC
Canal	I-FAC
and	O
it	O
's	O
interesting	O
to	O
note	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
equipment	O
that	O
's	O
been	O
held	O
up	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
5	B-CARDINAL
helicopters	O
,	O
200	B-CARDINAL
tanks	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
150	B-CARDINAL
Bradley	B-ORG
infantry	O
fighting	O
vehicles	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
highly	O
trained	O
soldiers	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
ready	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
happy	O
to	O
be	O
finally	O
able	O
to	O
come	O
and	O
back	O
up	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
wave	O
of	O
troops	O
that	O
left	O
from	O
here	O
.	O


Their	O
mission	O
is	O
very	O
broad	O
,	O
Judy	B-PERSON
to	O
deploy	O
anywhere	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
national	O
strategy	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
'nt	O
know	O
what	O
they	O
'll	O
be	O
doing	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
learn	O
that	O
once	O
they	O
get	O
there	O
.	O


Their	O
first	B-ORDINAL
stop	O
will	O
be	O
to	O
Central	B-ORG
Command	I-ORG
.	O


They	O
'll	O
receive	O
more	O
specific	O
orders	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
joined	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
Cavalry	I-ORG
.	O


They	O
have	O
received	O
deployment	O
orders	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
told	O
to	O
make	O
final	O
arrangements	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
tell	O
me	O
,	O
the	O
soldiers	O
you	O
talk	O
to	O
and	O
also	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
information	O
people	O
here	O
at	O
Fort	B-FAC
Hood	I-FAC
,	O
they	O
train	O
like	O
they	O
fight	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
ready	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
determined	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
very	O
patriotic	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
our	O
country	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
going	O
over	O
there	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
mission	O
they	O
believe	O
in	O
and	O
as	O
we	O
said	O
,	O
250	B-CARDINAL
left	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


They	O
were	O
armed	O
with	O
their	O
Ms	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
concerned	O
.	O


Their	O
families	O
were	O
here	O
to	O
see	O
them	O
off	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
determined	O
to	O
return	O
though	O
it	O
is	O
interesting	O
to	O
note	O
that	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
so	O
many	O
with	O
young	O
children	O
have	O
told	O
their	O
kids	O
that	O
Mom	B-PERSON
or	O
Dad	B-PERSON
could	O
be	O
away	O
for	O
as	B-DATE
long	I-DATE
as	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Judy	B-PERSON
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
we	O
can	O
say	O
it	O
often	O
enough	O
,	O
Jamie	B-PERSON
.	O


It	O
's	O
got	O
--	O


Today	B-DATE
's	O
battles	O
include	O
pictures	O
of	O
the	O
oil	O
field	O
fires	O
in	O
southern	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Firefighters	O
continue	O
their	O
work	O
at	O
the	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
oil	O
field	O
.	O


Officials	O
say	O
they	O
capped	O
one	B-CARDINAL
blaze	O
,	O
leaving	O
only	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
wells	O
still	O
burning	O
out	O
of	O
500	B-CARDINAL
oil	O
fields	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
some	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
who	O
worked	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
before	O
the	O
war	O
already	O
are	O
asking	O
for	O
their	O
jobs	O
back	O
.	O


And	O
these	O
pictures	O
show	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
running	O
for	O
cover	O
just	O
before	O
U.S.	B-GPE
planes	O
dropped	O
a	O
bomb	O
near	O
northern	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Just	O
as	O
they	O
disappear	O
over	O
the	O
ridge	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
hear	O
the	O
planes	O
and	O
the	O
explosions	O
and	O
then	O
you	O
see	O
the	O
cloud	O
.	O


Ask	O
any	O
American	B-NORP
Marine	B-NORP
and	O
they	O
'll	O
tell	O
you	O
they	O
'll	O
do	O
anything	O
possible	O
to	O
recover	O
the	O
bodies	O
of	O
fallen	O
comrades	O
.	O


That	O
grim	O
task	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
by	O
Marines	B-NORP
engaged	O
in	O
the	O
fierce	O
battle	O
for	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Nasiriyah	B-GPE
Nasiriyah	I-GPE
.	O


Aless	B-PERSON
So	I-PERSON
Vinci	I-PERSON
is	O
there	O
with	O
the	O
Marines	B-NORP
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
as	O
war	O
is	O
fought	O
a	O
world	O
away	O
,	O
federal	O
,	O
state	O
and	O
local	O
authorities	O
face	O
their	O
own	O
battle	O
keeping	O
Americans	B-NORP
safe	O
at	O
home	O
.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
said	O
yesterday	B-DATE
the	O
threat	O
of	O
domestic	O
terrorism	O
remains	O
high	O
.	O


The	O
dying	O
regime	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
may	O
try	O
to	O
bring	O
terror	O
to	O
our	O
shores	O
.	O


Other	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
terror	O
network	O
may	O
view	O
this	O
as	O
a	O
moment	O
to	O
strike	O
,	O
thinking	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
distracted	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
wrong	O
.	O


What	O
still	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
to	O
keep	O
Americans	B-NORP
safe	O
at	O
home	O
.	O


Steven	B-PERSON
Berle	I-PERSON
tackles	O
that	O
issue	O
in	O
``	O
After	B-WORK_OF_ART
How	I-WORK_OF_ART
America	I-WORK_OF_ART
Confronted	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
September	I-WORK_OF_ART
12th	I-WORK_OF_ART
Era	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Congratulations	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
.	O


What	O
comes	O
out	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
on	O
two	B-CARDINAL
best	O
-	O
sellers	O
list	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
so	O
good	O
.	O


You	O
've	O
spent	O
over	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
investigating	O
the	O
subject	O
.	O


You	O
had	O
unprecedented	O
access	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
Secretary	O
Ridge	B-PERSON
but	O
the	O
Attorney	O
General	O
and	O
other	O
players	O
in	O
this	O
post-September	B-EVENT
11th	I-EVENT
environment	O
.	O


How	O
vulnerable	O
do	O
we	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
quite	O
vulnerable	O
in	O
some	O
places	O
and	O
yet	O
we	O
've	O
made	O
great	O
strides	O
.	O


The	O
access	O
I	O
had	O
was	O
not	O
only	O
at	O
top	O
but	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
on	O
the	O
front	O
lines	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
really	O
the	O
behind	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
scenes	O
story	O
of	O
everything	O
they	O
had	O
been	O
doing	O
to	O
make	O
this	O
country	O
safer	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
decided	O
on	O
the	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
of	O
September	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE
we	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
victim	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
just	O
going	O
to	O
sit	O
there	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
just	O
going	O
to	O
say	O
we	O
're	O
lucky	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
attacked	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	O
ports	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
airports	O
,	O
even	O
with	O
our	O
food	O
supply	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
taken	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
steps	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
are	O
vulnerable	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
vulnerable	O
right	O
out	O
on	O
the	O
streets	O
here	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
vulnerable	O
in	O
mass	O
transit	O
systems	O
because	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
involve	O
this	O
problem	O
infinitely	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
made	O
good	O
strides	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
story	O
I	O
try	O
to	O
tell	O
about	O
the	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
who	O
have	O
brought	O
us	O
to	O
this	O
point	O
.	O


Can	O
the	O
--	O


An	O
airport	O
in	O
Key	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
,	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
today	B-DATE
became	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
what	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
desperate	O
attempt	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
by	O
a	O
Cuban	B-NORP
national	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
was	O
arrested	O
there	O
after	O
authorities	O
say	O
he	O
hijacked	O
a	O
Cuban	B-NORP
plane	O
using	O
what	O
was	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
grenades	O
,	O
ordering	O
the	O
pilots	O
to	O
fly	O
to	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
hijacker	O
got	O
off	O
the	O
plane	O
wearing	O
a	O
jacket	O
that	O
said	O
America	B-GPE
across	O
the	O
back	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
small	O
child	O
clinging	O
to	O
his	O
leg	O
.	O


Also	O
ahead	O
,	O
the	O
anatomy	O
of	O
a	O
rescue	O
.	O


Just	B-TIME
a	I-TIME
couple	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
ago	I-TIME
,	O
rescued	O
POW	O
Jessica	B-PERSON
Lynch	I-PERSON
arrived	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Ramstein	I-FAC
Air	I-FAC
Base	I-FAC
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
for	O
medical	O
treatment	O
.	O


A	O
little	O
later	O
we	O
'll	O
speak	O
with	O
her	O
family	O
and	O
take	O
a	O
closer	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
daring	O
operation	O
that	O
produced	O
her	O
safe	O
recovery	O
,	O
but	O
first	O
the	O
push	O
into	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


Coalition	O
field	O
commanders	O
say	O
U.S.	B-GPE
troops	O
are	O
now	O
within	O
15	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
capital	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
their	O
forces	O
today	B-DATE
with	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
units	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pronged	O
advance	O
on	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
troops	O
could	O
be	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
's	O
southern	O
outskirts	O
by	O
early	B-DATE
Thursday	I-DATE
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
is	O
downplaying	O
the	O
idea	O
that	O
an	O
invasion	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
is	O
imminent	O
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
straight	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
television	O
meanwhile	O
has	O
broadcast	O
a	O
statement	O
from	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
President	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
.	O


However	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
in	O
and	O
what	O
was	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
new	O
footage	O
,	O
the	O
statement	O
itself	O
was	O
read	O
by	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
news	O
anchor	O
wearing	O
a	O
military	O
uniform	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
n't	O
sure	O
whether	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
President	O
is	O
still	O
alive	O
.	O


Regardless	O
,	O
the	O
statement	O
praised	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
who	O
have	O
fought	O
coalition	O
forces	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
response	O
to	O
a	O
letter	O
from	O
his	O
niece	O
.	O


Iraqi	B-NORP
forces	O
are	O
overwhelmed	O
and	O
could	O
soon	O
collapse	O
.	O


Jessica	B-PERSON
Lynch	I-PERSON
says	O
she	O
can	O
not	O
wait	O
to	O
get	O
home	O
to	O
West	B-GPE
Virginia	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
19	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Army	B-ORG
private	O
spoke	O
to	O
her	O
parents	O
yesterday	B-DATE
by	O
phone	O
from	O
a	O
hospital	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
.	O


Greg	B-PERSON
Lynch	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
when	O
he	O
talked	O
to	O
his	O
daughter	O
she	O
had	O
n't	O
eaten	O
in	O
eight	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
and	O
was	O
quite	O
hungry	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
is	O
reporting	O
she	O
shot	O
several	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
soldiers	O
before	O
she	O
was	O
captured	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
shot	O
herself	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


Coming	O
up	O
on	O
our	B-TIME
next	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
forces	O
edged	O
toward	O
the	O
outskirts	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
and	O
we	O
'll	O
tell	O
you	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
resistance	O
they	O
're	O
facing	O
from	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
elite	O
Republican	B-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
.	O


That	O
is	O
the	O
very	O
joyous	O
town	O
of	O
Palestine	B-GPE
,	O
West	B-GPE
Virginia	I-GPE
,	O
on	O
the	O
news	O
that	O
Jessica	B-GPE
Lynch	I-GPE
is	O
eventually	O
going	O
to	O
come	O
home	O
.	O


What	O
a	O
brave	O
young	O
woman	O
.	O


Did	O
you	O
hear	O
about	O
the	O
injuries	O
she	O
sustained	O
.	O


Did	O
you	O
hear	O
about	O
the	O
firing	O
she	O
did	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
fight	O
to	O
the	O
death	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
captured	O
but	O
she	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
tough	O
cookie	O
,	O
apparently	O
.	O


God	B-PERSON
bless	O
her	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
all	O
right	O
,	O
it	O
looks	O
like	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
some	O
other	O
items	O
,	O
Voices	O
of	O
America	O
they	O
're	O
called	O
here	O
on	O
American	B-WORK_OF_ART
Morning	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Home	O
front	O
responses	O
to	O
the	O
ongoing	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
begin	O
in	O
Oklahoma	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
story	O
of	O
sacrifice	O
in	O
wartime	O
.	O


Cass	B-PERSON
Apd	I-PERSON
Ra	I-PERSON
gave	O
birth	O
to	O
her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
daughter	O
,	O
Alexis	B-PERSON
Jane	I-PERSON
Denise	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
without	O
her	O
husband	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Scottsdale	I-PERSON
is	O
on	O
the	O
front	O
lines	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Since	O
her	O
husband	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
there	O
for	O
Alexis	B-PERSON
'	O
birth	O
,	O
his	O
parents	O
have	O
stepped	O
in	O
to	O
help	O
with	O
their	O
new	O
granddaughter	O
and	O
it	O
looks	O
as	O
though	O
mother	O
and	O
daughter	O
are	O
doing	O
well	O
.	O


Voices	O
of	O
America	O
on	O
a	O
morning	O
where	O
it	O
looks	O
like	O
things	O
are	O
going	O
well	O
for	O
the	O
coalition	O
members	O
.	O


Did	O
you	O
hear	O
the	O
family	O
members	O
of	O
Jessica	B-PERSON
Lynch	I-PERSON
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


They	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
miraculous	O
thing	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
American	B-NORP
prisoner	O
of	O
war	O
ever	O
rescued	O
since	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
.	O


They	O
've	O
tried	O
these	O
things	O
before	O
,	O
but	O
never	O
with	O
the	O
success	O
.	O


I	O
guess	O
miracle	O
is	O
n't	O
too	O
strong	O
a	O
word	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
great	O
word	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
heard	O
her	O
father	O
talk	O
.	O


Welcome	O
Jeffrey	B-PERSON
to	O
be	O
in	O
.	O


He	O
thought	O
it	O
--	O


All	O
right	O
.	O


Just	B-TIME
about	I-TIME
25	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
long	O
in	O
that	O
press	O
conference	O
there	O
at	O
NATO	B-ORG
headquarters	O
in	O
Brussels	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
mentioned	O
a	O
headline	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
ago	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
forces	O
moving	O
in	O
on	O
the	O
airports	O
at	O
Saddam	B-FAC
Hussein	I-FAC
International	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
,	O
12	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
west	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
center	O
.	O


Colin	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
saying	O
an	O
end	O
will	O
come	O
soon	O
and	O
toward	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
this	O
regime	O
will	O
be	O
finished	O
.	O


Also	O
a	O
question	O
there	O
about	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


A	O
question	O
about	O
NATO	B-ORG
about	O
what	O
role	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
organizations	O
may	O
play	O
in	O
rebuilding	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Colin	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
U.N.	B-ORG
does	O
have	O
a	O
role	O
to	O
play	O
,	O
what	O
role	O
that	O
is	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
seen	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
also	O
one	B-CARDINAL
other	O
moment	O
there	O
when	O
you	O
heard	O
a	O
woman	O
asking	O
about	O
the	O
safety	O
of	O
her	O
husband	O
right	O
now	O
.	O


That	O
woman	O
,	O
we	O
believe	O
is	O
married	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
journalists	O
who	O
disappeared	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
almost	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
both	O
work	O
for	O
the	O
network	O
,	O
ITN	B-ORG
.	O


We	O
have	O
heard	O
that	O
perhaps	O
both	O
are	O
being	O
held	O
in	O
Basra	B-GPE
,	O
possibly	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
way	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
confirm	O
their	O
whereabouts	O
.	O


But	O
obviously	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
concern	O
from	O
this	O
woman	O
as	O
to	O
whereabouts	O
of	O
her	O
husband	O
and	O
his	O
health	O
.	O


Walt	B-PERSON
Rogers	I-PERSON
is	O
back	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
been	O
in	O
and	O
out	O
now	O
for	O
almost	B-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


What	O
's	O
happening	O
with	O
you	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
7th	I-ORG
Cav	I-ORG
as	O
we	O
continue	O
to	O
watch	O
your	O
image	O
by	O
way	O
of	O
video	O
phone	O
and	O
the	O
giant	O
M1	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
A1	I-PRODUCT
tank	O
.	O


Walt	B-PERSON
,	O
good	O
evening	O
again	O
.	O


Bombardment	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
continues	O
tonight	O
and	O
over	O
the	B-TIME
past	I-TIME
20	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
,	O
explosions	O
rocking	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
central	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
southern	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
outskirts	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
importantly	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
coalition	O
forces	O
,	O
principally	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Army	I-ORG
forces	O
,	O
move	O
against	O
Saddam	B-FAC
Hussein	I-FAC
International	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
--	O
which	O
is	O
about	B-QUANTITY
ten	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
outside	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
--	O
those	O
explosions	O
are	O
intensified	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
may	O
again	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
wide	O
screen	O
of	O
what	O
appears	O
to	O
me	O
to	O
be	O
Abu	B-ORG
Dhabi	I-ORG
television	O
that	O
is	O
providing	O
this	O
picture	O
,	O
3:20	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
live	O
pictures	O
again	O
.	O


it	O
is	O
very	O
difficult	O
to	O
discern	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
in	O
point	O
of	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
missiles	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
become	O
accustomed	O
to	O
striking	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
environs	O
,	O
or	O
whether	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
large	O
2,000	B-QUANTITY
pound	I-QUANTITY
JDAM	B-PRODUCT
bombs	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
striking	O
targets	O
selected	O
by	O
the	O
coalition	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
or	O
whether	O
these	O
flashes	O
now	O
represent	O
artillery	O
barrages	O
as	O
fighting	O
continues	O
to	O
take	O
control	O
of	O
Saddam	B-FAC
International	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
.	O


Again	O
,	O
correspondents	O
,	O
our	O
correspondents	O
embedded	O
with	O
these	O
forces	O
,	O
with	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
saying	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
they	O
can	O
see	O
the	O
lights	O
of	O
the	O
skyline	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


Over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
since	O
this	O
war	O
began	O
,	O
something	O
like	O
23,000	B-CARDINAL
coalition	O
sorties	O
have	O
been	O
flown	O
,	O
and	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	B-TIME
past	I-TIME
24	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
1,900	B-CARDINAL
sorties	O
flown	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
are	O
told	O
that	O
,	O
of	O
those	O
,	O
850	B-CARDINAL
were	O
strike	O
sorties	O
,	O
motor	O
vehicle	O
most	O
of	O
those	O
directed	O
against	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
.	O


As	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
just	O
outside	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
to	O
defend	O
the	O
city	O
and	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
regime	O
,	O
in	O
principal	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
divisions	O
absolutely	O
devastated	O
,	O
destroyed	O
,	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
Medina	B-GPE
division	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
division	O
.	O


The	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
division	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
getting	O
its	O
name	O
from	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
Republican	B-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
division	O
designated	O
to	O
defend	O
principally	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


Four	B-CARDINAL
other	O
divisions	O
we	O
are	O
told	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
hit	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
very	O
hard	O
and	O
are	O
principally	O
trying	O
to	O
reinforce	O
units	O
.	O


VA	O
also	O
been	O
hit	O
very	O
hard	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
are	O
seeing	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
what	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
military	O
officials	O
are	O
calling	O
a	O
method	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
directed	O
by	O
one	O
person	O
from	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
that	O
raises	O
questions	O
,	O
questions	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
us	O
since	O
that	O
first	B-ORDINAL
strike	O
on	O
March	B-DATE
19th	I-DATE
against	O
the	O
location	O
that	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
military	O
intelligence	O
thought	O
was	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
,	O
perhaps	O
his	O
sons	O
,	O
were	O
.	O


That	O
preemptive	O
strike	O
they	O
put	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
somewhat	O
elegantly	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
strike	O
at	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
snake	O
.	O


New	O
explosions	O
rocking	O
parts	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
tonight	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
monitor	O
that	O
.	O


We	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
will	O
bring	O
the	O
word	O
to	O
you	O
just	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
the	O
Army	B-ORG
and	O
coalition	O
forces	O
do	O
take	O
control	O
of	O
Saddam	B-FAC
Hussein	I-FAC
International	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
,	O
just	O
on	O
the	O
outskirts	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
southern	O
Iraq	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
,	O
British	B-NORP
forces	O
also	O
moving	O
closer	O
to	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
city	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
Basra	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
captured	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
base	O
in	O
an	O
unused	O
factory	O
in	O
the	O
southern	O
suburbs	O
of	O
that	O
city	O
.	O


Tim	B-PERSON
Hewart	I-PERSON
of	O
ITN	B-ORG
reports	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
latest	O
developments	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
on	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
tonight	B-TIME
said	O
coalition	O
troops	O
have	O
reached	O
Baghdad	B-FAC
International	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
.	O


Troops	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
heavy	O
fighting	O
with	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
forces	O
.	O


The	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
says	O
the	O
strategy	O
is	O
to	O
seize	O
key	O
objectives	O
in	O
and	O
around	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


Reports	O
suggesting	O
airport	O
buildings	O
have	O
been	O
attacked	O
,	O
but	O
runways	O
remain	O
operational	O
.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
large	O
explosions	O
rocking	O
central	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
as	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
reporting	O
to	O
you	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
this	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	O


Coalition	O
aircraft	O
were	O
heard	O
flying	O
overhead	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
clear	O
what	O
the	O
targets	O
are	O
.	O


Certainly	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
near	O
and	O
around	O
Saddam	B-FAC
Hussein	I-FAC
International	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
although	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
strikes	O
in	O
central	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
as	O
well	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	B-TIME
past	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
,	O
the	O
Army	B-ORG
's	O
3rd	B-ORG
Infantry	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
1st	B-ORG
Marine	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
,	O
leading	O
the	O
assault	O
against	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
3rd	I-ORG
Infantry	I-ORG
is	O
approaching	O
from	O
the	O
southwest	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
1st	I-ORG
Marines	I-ORG
from	O
the	O
southeast	O
.	O


Armored	O
forces	O
destroyed	O
dozens	O
of	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
tanks	O
and	O
personnel	O
carriers	O
in	O
their	O
advance	O
on	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


Iraqi	B-NORP
forces	O
using	O
Soviet	B-NORP
-	O
era	O
tanks	O
.	O


They	O
stand	O
no	O
chance	O
against	O
the	O
M1	B-PRODUCT
Abrams	I-PRODUCT
tanks	O
used	O
by	O
army	O
and	O
Marines	B-NORP
.	O


Walt	B-PERSON
Rodgers	I-PERSON
,	O
3rd	B-ORG
Cavalry	I-ORG
says	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
missile	O
hit	O
operation	O
center	O
for	O
2nd	B-ORG
Brigade	I-ORG
3rd	B-ORG
Infantry	I-ORG
Zrigs	O
South	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
dead	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
soldiers	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
journalists	O
.	O


Others	O
report	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
15	I-CARDINAL
are	O
wounded	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
critically	O
.	O


Hope	O
to	O
get	O
Walt	B-PERSON
up	O
in	O
a	B-TIME
couple	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
to	O
get	O
more	O
information	O
on	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
there	O
.	O


Looking	O
at	O
like	O
pictures	O
of	O
Air	B-PRODUCT
Force	I-PRODUCT
One	I-PRODUCT
now	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
at	O
a	O
Royal	B-FAC
Air	I-FAC
Force	I-FAC
base	O
outside	O
of	O
Belfast	B-GPE
,	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
,	O
it	O
's	O
called	O
Aldergrove	B-GPE
,	O
just	O
outside	O
Belfast	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
President	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
coming	O
for	O
a	O
brief	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
summit	O
with	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Blair	I-PERSON
.	O


They	O
'll	O
be	O
talking	O
about	O
a	O
postwar	O
Iraq	B-GPE
among	O
other	O
important	O
subjects	O
.	O


They	O
'll	O
also	O
have	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
review	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
road	O
map	O
for	O
Israeli	B-NORP
/	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
peace	O
negotiations	O
to	O
get	O
off	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
want	O
to	O
review	O
what	O
the	O
status	O
is	O
of	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
right	O
now	O
as	O
that	O
peace	O
process	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
taking	O
hold	O
.	O


Been	O
relatively	O
quiet	O
in	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
as	B-DATE
many	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
that	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Blair	B-PERSON
will	O
be	O
sitting	O
down	O
to	O
review	O
station	O
,	O
war	O
strategy	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
go	O
forward	O
together	O
,	O
go	O
forward	O
as	O
close	O
allies	O
in	O
trying	O
to	O
help	O
put	O
together	O
a	O
new	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
are	O
some	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
their	O
strategy	O
,	O
including	O
what	O
role	O
precisely	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
should	O
have	O
in	O
determining	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
'll	O
try	O
to	O
thrash	O
all	O
of	O
that	O
out	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
picture	O
of	O
Air	B-PRODUCT
Force	I-PRODUCT
One	I-PRODUCT
taxiing	O
in	O
on	O
the	O
tarmac	O
,	O
getting	O
ready	O
for	O
the	O
President	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
watched	O
this	O
picture	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
Air	I-PRODUCT
Force	I-PRODUCT
One	I-PRODUCT
getting	O
into	O
this	O
airport	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
bring	O
in	O
our	O
military	O
analyst	O
General	O
Dan	B-PERSON
Crisman	I-PERSON
to	O
go	O
over	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


Seems	O
pretty	O
far	O
away	O
from	O
Belfast	B-GPE
right	O
now	O
,	O
General	O
,	O
but	O
decisions	O
that	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
leaders	O
make	O
could	O
have	O
a	O
significant	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
,	O
General	O
,	O
we	O
'll	O
keep	O
this	O
picture	O
up	O
of	O
Air	B-PRODUCT
Force	I-PRODUCT
One	I-PRODUCT
,	O
talk	O
about	O
what	O
you	O
sense	O
is	O
happening	O
on	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
right	O
now	O
.	O


Wolf	B-PERSON
,	O
it	O
's	O
clearly	O
the	O
final	O
phase	O
,	O
the	O
endgame	O
which	O
is	O
unfolding	O
right	O
now	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
significant	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
but	O
Basra	B-GPE
itself	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
coalition	O
forces	O
there	O
in	O
some	O
strength	O
.	O


Apparently	O
three	B-CARDINAL
battalians	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
3rd	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
three	B-CARDINAL
coalition	O
assets	O
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
huge	O
battle	O
groups	O
in	O
Basra	B-GPE
itself	O
which	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
has	O
there	O
.	O


What	O
they	O
've	O
developed	O
here	O
,	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
,	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
several	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
is	O
very	O
clear	O
and	O
increasingly	O
clear	O
intelligence	O
as	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
final	O
remnants	O
of	O
the	O
regime	O
leadership	O
are	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
where	O
they	O
are	O
embedded	O
in	O
the	O
cities	O
.	O


What	O
they	O
're	O
doing	O
is	O
going	O
in	O
now	O
,	O
very	O
carefully	O
,	O
obviously	O
some	O
symbolic	O
raids	O
against	O
palaces	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
more	O
important	O
presence	O
is	O
to	O
go	O
after	O
what	O
intelligence	O
delivers	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
where	O
these	O
key	O
leaders	O
are	O
located	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
defended	O
fanatically	O
but	O
intelligence	O
is	O
so	O
crucial	O
from	O
aerial	O
platforms	O
and	O
special	O
ops	O
personnel	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
assets	O
the	O
intel	O
which	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
close	O
with	O
and	O
eliminate	O
final	O
remnants	O
of	O
the	O
regime	O
in	O
those	O
citys	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
final	O
phase	O
here	O
,	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
it	O
looks	O
like	O
the	O
closure	O
is	O
coming	O
here	O
now	O
more	O
rapidly	O
than	O
we	O
anticipated	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
continue	O
to	O
watch	O
Air	B-PRODUCT
Force	I-PRODUCT
One	I-PRODUCT
,	O
now	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
outside	O
Belfast	B-GPE
,	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
,	O
we	O
'll	O
be	O
watching	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
emerge	O
from	O
the	O
plane	O
momentarily	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
continue	O
to	O
have	O
live	O
coverage	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


When	O
Walter	B-PERSON
Rodgers	I-PERSON
,	O
our	O
embedded	O
reporter	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
3rd	I-ORG
Cavalry	I-ORG
says	O
three	B-CARDINAL
battalions	O
of	O
troops	O
are	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
,	O
inside	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
itself	O
,	O
have	O
taken	O
up	O
positions	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
spend	O
the	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
there	O
presumably	O
,	O
how	O
many	O
soldiers	O
are	O
we	O
talking	O
about	O
right	O
now	O
?	O


Between	B-CARDINAL
700	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
1,000	I-CARDINAL
.	I-CARDINAL


The	O
task	O
forces	O
really	O
,	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
are	O
probably	O
built	O
around	O
the	B-PRODUCT
M	I-PRODUCT
Bradley	I-PRODUCT
the	O
basic	O
infantry	O
fighting	O
vehicle	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
equipment	O
of	O
choice	O
for	O
a	O
task	O
force	O
like	O
this	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


Its	O
cannon	O
,	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
implace	O
troops	O
and	O
fire	O
through	O
the	O
firing	O
ports	O
in	O
that	O
Bradley	B-PRODUCT
vehicle	O
to	O
take	O
them	O
in	O
under	O
protection	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
important	O
piece	O
of	O
equipment	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
probably	O
mechanized	O
heavy	O
task	O
forces	O
that	O
have	O
overhead	O
aerial	O
platforms	O
to	O
provide	O
direct	O
support	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
significant	O
the	O
degradation	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
air	O
defenses	O
has	O
allowed	O
A	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
s	I-PRODUCT
,	O
Predators	B-PRODUCT
,	O
U	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
s	I-PRODUCT
,	O
other	O
assets	O
to	O
hover	O
and	O
loiter	O
and	O
provide	O
the	O
overhead	O
protection	O
to	O
these	O
tasks	O
.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
in	O
case	O
you	O
're	O
just	O
tuning	O
in	O
.	O


Our	O
top	O
story	O
this	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
,	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
suspect	O
chemical	O
weapons	O
materials	O
at	O
an	O
agricultural	O
complex	O
in	O
central	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Troops	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
101st	B-ORG
Airborne	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
went	O
to	O
the	O
site	O
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
finding	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
large	O
drums	O
buried	O
in	O
bunkers	O
.	O


Initial	O
tests	O
were	O
inconclusive	O
.	O


The	O
General	O
Benjamin	B-PERSON
Frankly	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
101st	B-ORG
says	O
today	B-DATE
a	O
more	O
sophisticated	O
test	O
indicated	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
nerve	O
and	O
blister	O
agents	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
that	O
type	O
of	O
test	O
that	O
is	O
required	O
sometimes	O
shows	O
false	O
-	O
positives	O
and	O
further	O
testing	O
will	O
be	O
done	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
the	O
materials	O
are	O
indeed	O
nonweaponized	O
chemical	O
agents	O
or	O
perhaps	O
simply	O
pesticides	O
.	O


General	O
Frankly	B-PERSON
says	O
it	O
is	O
hard	O
to	O
believe	O
U.N.	B-ORG
inspectors	O
would	O
have	O
found	O
the	O
facility	O
hidden	O
as	O
deeply	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
near	O
the	B-LOC
Euphrates	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
.	O


We	O
'll	O
hear	O
much	O
more	O
on	O
this	O
developing	O
story	O
coming	O
up	O
in	O
a	B-TIME
few	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
.	O


For	O
the	O
latest	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
air	O
war	O
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Gary	B-PERSON
Tuchman	I-PERSON
is	O
joining	O
us	O
now	O
live	O
from	O
an	O
air	O
base	O
not	O
far	O
from	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


What	O
's	O
happening	O
there	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
Gary	B-PERSON
?	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Well	O
,	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
,	O
the	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
is	O
continuing	O
its	O
24	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
air	O
coverage	O
over	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
will	O
always	O
be	O
multiple	O
warplanes	O
,	O
fighter	O
--	O


A	O
live	O
picture	O
of	O
the	O
President	O
of	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
landing	O
at	O
an	O
air	O
field	O
in	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
.	O


Once	O
he	O
gets	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
helicopter	O
he	O
'll	O
transfer	O
to	O
Air	B-PRODUCT
Force	I-PRODUCT
One	I-PRODUCT
to	O
come	O
home	O
after	O
a	O
20	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
visit	O
with	O
the	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
of	O
Great	B-GPE
Britain	I-GPE
.	O


They	O
talked	O
about	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
things	O
,	O
about	O
what	O
peace	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
could	O
look	O
like	O
,	O
what	O
post-war	O
Iraq	B-GPE
could	O
look	O
like	O
.	O


They	O
talked	O
about	O
problems	O
in	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
.	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
pause	O
for	O
a	B-TIME
second	I-TIME
to	O
see	O
if	O
we	O
see	O
the	O
President	O
hopping	O
off	O
this	O
chopper	O
.	O


As	O
you	O
probably	O
know	O
,	O
the	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Great	I-GPE
Britain	I-GPE
has	O
been	O
under	O
great	O
pressure	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
much	O
of	O
Europe	B-LOC
to	O
support	O
giving	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
a	O
very	O
strong	O
role	O
in	O
stabilizing	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
had	O
signaled	O
consistently	O
it	O
wants	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
Great	B-GPE
Britain	I-GPE
to	O
create	O
a	O
lead	O
role	O
.	O


We	O
learned	O
from	O
John	B-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
,	O
traveling	O
with	O
the	O
President	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
Iraq	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
run	O
neither	O
by	O
U.S.	B-GPE
/	O
British	B-NORP
coalition	O
or	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
,	O
but	O
by	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


That	O
some	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
and	O
President	O
shared	O
with	O
reporters	O
at	O
news	O
conference	O
following	O
their	O
meetings	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
an	O
interim	O
authority	O
composed	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
GRS	O
inside	O
and	O
outside	O
the	O
country	O
will	O
run	O
Iraq	B-GPE
until	O
a	O
permanent	O
government	O
can	O
be	O
established	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
hang	O
with	O
the	O
shot	O
?	O


Okay	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
stay	O
with	O
this	O
shot	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
talk	O
more	O
about	O
what	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
leaders	O
discussed	O
at	O
the	O
joint	O
news	O
conference	O
following	O
their	O
series	O
of	O
meetings	O
.	O


They	O
really	O
wanted	O
to	O
let	O
folks	O
who	O
had	O
any	O
concerns	O
about	O
what	O
the	O
U.N.	B-ORG
involvement	O
might	O
be	O
to	O
not	O
worry	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
there	O
will	O
definitely	O
be	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
role	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


They	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
European	B-NORP
nations	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
board	O
with	O
the	O
plan	O
,	O
but	O
once	O
again	O
,	O
they	O
very	O
much	O
view	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
as	O
being	O
that	O
in	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
hands	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
greeting	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
dignitaries	O
as	O
he	O
gets	O
ready	O
here	O
to	O
board	O
Air	B-PRODUCT
Force	I-PRODUCT
One	I-PRODUCT
on	O
his	O
way	O
home	O
.	O


A	B-TIME
little	I-TIME
earlier	I-TIME
this	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
I	O
spoke	O
with	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
dissident	O
who	O
teaches	O
and	O
writes	O
extensively	O
on	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


He	O
wrote	O
a	O
book	O
called	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Republic	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Fear	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Politics	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Modern	I-WORK_OF_ART
Iraq	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
and	O
I	O
asked	O
him	O
about	O
the	O
news	O
that	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
was	O
targeted	O
in	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
strike	O
and	O
how	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
would	O
react	O
if	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
was	O
killed	O
.	O


Hamburg	B-GPE
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
.	O


Central	B-ORG
Command	I-ORG
says	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
shot	O
down	O
a	O
tank	O
killer	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Officials	O
report	O
that	O
the	O
plane	O
was	O
apparently	O
downed	O
with	O
a	O
surface	O
to	O
air	O
missile	O
.	O


It	O
happened	O
near	O
the	B-FAC
Baghdad	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
which	O
is	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
hands	O
.	O


Pilot	O
said	O
they	O
're	O
doing	O
well	O
.	O


All	O
right	O
.	O


U.S.	B-NORP
Marines	I-NORP
entered	O
southeastern	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
and	O
found	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
chemical	O
suits	O
masks	O
and	O
atropine	O
injecters	O
.	O


They	O
found	O
it	O
at	O
an	O
industrial	O
complex	O
.	O


Material	O
has	O
been	O
hastily	O
abandoned	O
.	O


The	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
government	O
reports	O
1252	B-CARDINAL
civilians	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
.	O


These	O
figures	O
come	O
to	O
us	O
from	O
Abu	B-ORG
Dhabi	I-ORG
television	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
verified	O
by	O
CNN	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
not	O
released	O
the	O
information	O
on	O
military	O
casualties	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


Now	O
back	O
to	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
Blitzer	I-PERSON
and	O
our	O
continuing	O
coverage	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Journalists	O
held	O
a	O
candle	O
light	O
vigil	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
mourning	O
the	O
deaths	O
of	O
their	O
colleagues	O
.	O


Military	O
fire	O
killed	O
three	B-CARDINAL
journalists	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
an	O
Al	B-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
cameraman	O
and	O
Spanish	B-NORP
television	O
.	O


Al	B-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
says	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
deliberately	O
targeted	O
its	O
facilities	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Command	I-ORG
denies	O
that	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
they	O
were	O
being	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
military	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
how	O
the	O
network	O
covered	O
the	O
incidents	O
in	O
this	O
translated	O
report	O
.	O


Translator	O
:	O


Many	O
inquiries	O
about	O
the	O
developments	O
of	O
shelling	O
the	O
media	O
positions	O
,	O
why	O
in	O
whose	O
interest	O
is	O
in	O
targeting	O
.	O


The	O
interest	O
is	O
targeting	O
the	O
Al	B-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
office	O
and	O
the	O
tanks	O
went	O
on	O
shelling	O
the	O
office	O
,	O
which	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
martyrdom	O
of	O
colleague	O
from	O
Al	B-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
and	O
others	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
hit	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
targeted	O
the	O
Abu	B-ORG
Dhabi	I-ORG
office	O
which	O
is	O
also	O
very	O
close	O
to	O
Al	B-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
surned	O
by	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
forces	O
.	O


The	O
third	B-ORDINAL
hit	O
was	O
targeted	O
to	O
the	B-FAC
Palestine	I-FAC
Hotel	I-FAC
where	O
many	O
journalists	O
are	O
working	O
and	O
a	O
hit	O
of	O
a	O
photographer	O
.	O


A	O
specialist	O
.	O


People	O
think	O
the	O
events	O
are	O
not	O
put	O
the	O
media	O
man	O
in	O
face	O
of	O
the	O
weapons	O
.	O


Looking	O
for	O
a	O
shelter	O
is	O
not	O
easy	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
cooperation	O
do	O
not	O
appreciate	O
the	O
city	O
and	O
others	O
.	O


Everyone	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
is	O
facing	O
this	O
threat	O
.	O


That	O
report	O
from	O
Al	B-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
through	O
a	O
translator	O
,	O
how	O
they	O
're	O
reporting	O
this	O
story	O
and	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
journalists	O
who	O
were	O
killed	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
that	O
tank	O
shell	O
were	O
killed	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Palestine	I-FAC
Hotel	I-FAC
.	O


That	O
's	O
been	O
a	O
base	O
for	O
international	O
journalists	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


Both	O
of	O
the	O
dead	O
were	O
camera	O
men	O
one	O
with	O
reporters	O
and	O
one	O
with	O
Spain	B-GPE
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
journalists	O
were	O
wounded	O
in	O
that	O
same	O
incident	O
.	O


A	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Command	I-ORG
says	O
American	B-NORP
forces	O
were	O
responding	O
to	O
what	O
they	O
described	O
as	O
,	O
quote	O
,	O
significant	O
fire	O
coming	O
at	O
them	O
from	O
inside	O
the	O
hotel	O
.	O


Joining	O
me	O
here	O
in	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
a	O
journalist	O
who	O
knows	O
first	O
hand	O
the	O
dangers	O
of	O
covering	O
war	O
,	O
our	O
chief	O
international	O
correspondent	O
,	O
Christian	B-PERSON
A	I-PERSON
Manpower	I-PERSON
.	O


That	O
's	O
your	O
take	O
on	O
what	O
may	O
have	O
happened	O
in	O
these	O
I	O
understand	O
did	O
n't	O
.	O


The	O
death	O
of	O
this	O
Al	B-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
reporter	O
and	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
camera	O
men	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
separate	O
locations	O
.	O


Separate	O
but	O
close	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
bearing	O
an	O
investigation	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
what	O
happened	O
and	O
why	O
they	O
were	O
hit	O
.	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
essentially	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
place	O
.	O


The	O
military	O
spokesmen	O
have	O
been	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
map	O
in	O
--	O


2:58	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
,	O
explosions	O
reported	O
around	O
the	B-FAC
Palestine	I-FAC
Hotel	I-FAC
where	O
international	O
journalists	O
are	O
staying	O
.	O


A	O
U.S.	B-GPE
tank	O
shelled	O
the	O
hotel	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
sniper	O
fire	O
.	O


The	O
blast	O
kills	O
two	B-CARDINAL
cameramen	O
,	O
one	O
from	O
Spanish	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
,	O
another	O
from	O
Reuters	B-ORG
.	O


Three	O
Reuters	B-ORG
journalists	O
were	O
killed	O
.	O


5:33	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
,	O
Martin	B-PERSON
Savidge	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
Marines	B-ORG
have	O
found	O
chemical	O
protection	O
suits	O
and	O
antidotes	O
for	O
chemical	O
weapons	O
in	O
a	O
field	O
beside	O
an	O
industrial	O
complex	O
in	O
southeast	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


Nearby	O
they	O
found	O
abandoned	O
weapons	O
and	O
artillery	O
case	O
,	O
which	O
they	O
demolished	O
.	O


7:00	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
,	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Command	I-ORG
says	O
the	O
coalition	O
may	O
never	O
know	O
if	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
President	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
survived	O
a	O
U.S.	B-GPE
air	O
strike	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


A	O
B	O
bomber	O
dropped	O
four	B-CARDINAL
2,000	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
pound	I-QUANTITY
bombs	O
on	O
a	O
building	O
in	O
a	O
residential	O
area	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
after	O
getting	O
intelligence	O
reports	O
senior	O
officials	O
were	O
meeting	O
there	O
,	O
possibly	O
including	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
sons	O
.	O


Brigadier	O
General	O
Vince	B-PERSON
Brooks	I-PERSON
confirmed	O
a	O
USA	B-PRODUCT
Warthog	I-PRODUCT
aircraft	O
was	O
shot	O
down	O
by	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
missile	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
pilot	O
ejected	O
and	O
was	O
rescued	O
.	O


An	O
air	O
force	O
pilot	O
is	O
back	O
at	O
his	O
base	O
after	O
a	O
close	O
call	O
.	O


Military	O
officials	O
say	O
a	O
missile	O
hit	O
his	O
Warthog	B-PRODUCT
and	O
he	O
was	O
forced	O
to	O
eject	O
.	O


CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Gary	B-PERSON
Tuchman	I-PERSON
is	O
live	O
near	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
border	O
with	O
details	O
on	O
the	O
mission	O
and	O
the	O
pilot	O
's	O
rescue	O
.	O


Gary	B-PERSON
?	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Wolf	B-PERSON
,	O
hello	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	B-DATE
very	I-DATE
tense	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
nerve	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
racking	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
for	O
the	O
pilot	O
who	O
is	O
stationed	O
at	O
this	O
base	O
near	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
border	O
.	O


He	O
flies	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
As	O
behind	O
me	O
,	O
the	O
Warthog	B-PRODUCT
attack	O
planes	O
.	O


Took	O
it	O
out	O
early	B-TIME
this	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


Here	O
's	O
what	O
happened	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
going	O
on	O
a	O
mission	O
south	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


When	O
he	O
was	O
close	O
to	O
his	O
target	O
area	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
a	O
sudden	O
he	O
heard	O
a	O
noise	O
.	O


Turns	O
out	O
it	O
was	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
missile	O
,	O
very	O
likely	O
a	O
shoulder	O
fired	O
missile	O
that	O
hit	O
his	O
aircraft	O
.	O


He	O
realized	O
the	O
plane	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
crash	O
so	O
he	O
ejected	O
.	O


All	O
these	O
planes	O
have	O
ejection	O
seats	O
.	O


The	O
pilots	O
carry	O
parachutes	O
.	O


Ejected	O
landed	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
south	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
and	O
then	O
he	O
was	O
rescued	O
by	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Army	I-ORG
ground	O
troops	O
who	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
.	O


The	O
pilot	O
,	O
whose	O
name	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
released	O
,	O
was	O
brought	O
back	O
to	O
this	O
base	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
in	O
good	O
condition	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
172nd	I-ORG
Fire	I-ORG
Squadron	I-ORG
which	O
is	O
based	O
in	O
Battle	B-GPE
Creek	I-GPE
,	O
Michigan	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
lucky	O
man	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
with	O
two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
As	O
flying	O
along	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
,	O
were	O
hit	O
.	O


One	O
came	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
base	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
picture	O
of	O
.	O


It	O
landed	O
at	O
a	O
base	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
coalition	O
.	O


That	O
particular	O
A	O
was	O
hit	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
engine	O
.	O


The	O
pilot	O
also	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
safe	O
landing	O
and	O
neither	O
of	O
those	O
pilots	O
were	O
hurt	O
.	O


Those	O
are	O
three	B-CARDINAL
planes	O
hit	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Another	B-PRODUCT
A	I-PRODUCT
Warthog	I-PRODUCT
was	O
hit	O
here	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


That	O
pilot	O
was	O
hit	O
by	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
missile	O
and	O
some	O
artillery	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
video	O
of	O
that	O
plane	O
.	O


That	O
plane	O
has	O
a	O
roll	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
engines	O
.	O


Stabilizer	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
the	O
plane	O
.	O


The	O
pilot	O
lost	O
all	O
flight	O
control	O
as	O
she	O
was	O
flying	O
back	O
.	O


Thinking	O
about	O
ejecting	O
.	O


Decided	O
she	O
could	O
make	O
it	O
back	O
safely	O
.	O


She	O
came	O
back	O
to	O
this	O
base	O
near	O
the	O
border	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
it	O
's	O
being	O
described	O
as	O
an	O
heroic	O
landing	O
after	O
she	O
was	O
struck	O
by	O
artillery	O
missiles	O
.	O


Course	O
,	O
we	O
just	O
heard	O
from	O
Jamie	B-PERSON
McIntyre	I-PERSON
about	O
the	B-PRODUCT
F	I-PRODUCT
E	I-PRODUCT
Strike	I-PRODUCT
Eagle	I-PRODUCT
.	O


Authorities	O
--	O


Now	O
that	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
regime	O
has	O
fallen	O
is	O
democracy	O
the	O
answer	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
people	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
book	O
,	O
Fareed	B-PERSON
Zakar	I-PERSON
Ericks	I-PERSON
A	O
joins	O
us	O
now	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
democracy	O
and	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
future	O
.	O


Good	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
,	O
Paula	B-PERSON
.	O


Good	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
on	O
a	O
different	O
network	O
for	O
a	O
change	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
happens	O
when	O
you	O
sell	O
books	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
talk	O
about	O
what	O
Barbara	B-PERSON
Starr	I-PERSON
was	O
reporting	O
from	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


She	O
says	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
acknowledgment	O
from	O
those	O
officials	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
not	O
enough	O
ground	O
troops	O
in	O
place	O
and	O
particularly	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
to	O
control	O
what	O
our	O
Nic	B-PERSON
Robertson	I-PERSON
is	O
saying	O
is	O
a	O
stage	O
of	O
anarchy	O
in	O
some	O
parts	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
the	O
administration	O
underestimated	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
after	I-DATE
?	O


because	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
after	I-DATE
came	O
so	O
fast	O
and	O
so	O
suddenly	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
been	O
a	O
pattern	O
here	O
not	O
just	O
with	O
this	O
administration	O
,	O
but	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
,	O
Kosovo	B-GPE
,	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
quite	O
recognize	O
when	O
the	O
old	O
order	O
collapses	O
,	O
you	O
very	O
quickly	O
have	O
to	O
rush	O
in	O
and	O
fill	O
it	O
with	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
new	O
order	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
short	O
term	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
mean	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
military	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
key	O
question	O
,	O
which	O
I	O
try	O
to	O
address	O
in	O
the	O
book	O
,	O
is	O
What	O
do	O
you	O
do	O
after	O
that	O
?	O
What	O
kind	O
of	O
authority	O
do	O
you	O
create	O
in	O
a	O
society	O
going	O
through	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
transition	O
.	O


And	O
how	O
do	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
local	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
citizens	O
will	O
make	O
up	O
this	O
government	O
or	O
are	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
interested	O
in	O
democracy	O
?	O


There	O
's	O
no	O
proof	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
the	O
key	O
here	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
get	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
legitimate	O
government	O
to	O
have	O
it	O
look	O
good	O
is	O
to	O
hold	O
elections	O
,	O
but	O
if	O
you	O
hold	O
elections	O
,	O
you	O
stop	O
the	O
whole	O
process	O
of	O
building	O
a	O
rule	O
of	O
law	O
,	O
creating	O
courts	O
,	O
creating	O
administration	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
in	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
for	O
example	O
,	O
you	O
held	O
elections	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
ethnic	O
thugs	O
get	O
into	O
power	O
because	O
they	O
have	O
organization	O
and	O
they	O
have	O
money	O
and	O
they	O
stop	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
genuine	O
building	O
of	O
democracy	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
this	O
tension	O
here	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
make	O
this	O
look	O
good	O
is	O
in	O
some	O
way	O
get	O
legitimate	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
authority	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
faster	O
you	O
get	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
likely	O
you	O
stop	O
this	O
process	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
of	O
this	O
interim	O
government	O
?	O


You	O
got	O
Deputy	O
Defense	B-ORG
Secretary	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Wolfowitz	I-PERSON
saying	O
that	O
American	B-NORP
and	O
British	B-NORP
military	O
forces	O
would	O
play	O
a	O
leading	O
role	O
in	O
setting	O
up	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
government	O
and	O
then	O
later	O
draw	O
civilians	O
into	O
the	O
process	O
.	O


Is	O
that	O
going	O
to	O
work	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
will	O
work	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
truly	O
broad	O
-	O
based	O
and	O
truly	O
consensual	O
,	O
try	O
and	O
include	O
all	O
different	O
people	O
and	O
including	O
them	O
in	O
creating	O
a	O
constitution	O
which	O
would	O
take	O
a	O
few	O
years	O
.	O


What	O
I	O
point	O
out	O
is	O
the	O
places	O
where	O
you	O
've	O
had	O
quick	O
transitions	O
--	O


A	O
Michigan	B-GPE
teen	O
who	O
disappeared	O
with	O
a	O
convicted	O
killer	O
and	O
went	O
on	O
a	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
oddysey	O
is	O
in	O
trouble	O
with	O
the	O
law	O
tonight	O
.	O


Prosecutors	O
charged	O
Lindsey	B-PERSON
Ryan	I-PERSON
with	O
stealing	O
firearms	O
from	O
her	O
parents	O
'	O
home	O
.	O


Police	O
caught	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
in	O
California	B-GPE
.	O


56	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Forry	B-PERSON
Drake	I-PERSON
has	O
been	O
charged	O
with	O
interstate	O
transport	O
of	O
a	O
minor	O
.	O


We	O
try	O
to	O
bring	O
you	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
still	O
photographers	O
who	O
are	O
applying	O
their	O
trade	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
Patrick	B-PERSON
Baas	I-PERSON
from	O
AFP	B-ORG
looking	O
at	O
what	O
he	O
's	O
done	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
is	O
clear	O
he	O
has	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
photojournalist	O
.	O


A	O
great	O
eye	O
and	O
nose	O
for	O
where	O
the	O
news	O
is	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
-	O
born	O
.	O


I	O
grew	O
up	O
in	O
war	O
zones	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
my	O
life	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
during	O
this	O
conflict	O
who	O
had	O
pictures	O
of	O
Republican	B-NORP
Guards	I-NORP
and	O
it	O
's	O
true	O
luck	O
because	O
I	O
was	O
driving	O
northwest	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
and	O
I	O
bumped	O
into	O
these	O
guys	O
going	O
around	O
the	O
capital	O
.	O


We	O
recognized	O
them	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
uniform	O
.	O


Very	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Marines	I-ORG
uniform	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
see	O
fear	O
in	O
their	O
eyes	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
feel	O
any	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
realize	O
what	O
the	O
fire	O
power	O
was	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
tank	O
that	O
had	O
technical	O
problems	O
.	O


Had	O
to	O
stop	O
an	O
attack	O
south	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
really	O
believed	O
on	O
the	O
tank	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
taking	O
pictures	O
.	O


The	O
reporter	O
was	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


Wanted	O
to	O
go	O
in	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
,	O
No	O
.	O


While	O
--	O


In	O
were	O
also	O
big	O
celebrations	O
at	O
Ft.	B-FAC
Hood	I-FAC
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
home	O
base	O
to	O
two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
POWs	O
,	O
David	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
and	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Young	I-PERSON
.	O


Those	O
pilots	O
were	O
captured	O
on	O
March	B-DATE
24th	I-DATE
,	O
after	O
their	O
Apache	B-PRODUCT
helicopter	O
went	O
down	O
in	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
territory	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
their	O
families	O
are	O
learning	O
new	O
and	O
actually	O
harrowing	O
details	O
about	O
the	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
their	O
capture	O
.	O


CNN	B-ORG
national	O
correspondent	O
Susan	B-PERSON
Candiotti	I-PERSON
is	O
with	O
the	O
Young	B-PERSON
family	O
in	O
Georgia	B-GPE
.	O


Jamie	B-PERSON
Cole	I-PERSON
by	O
at	O
Ft.	B-FAC
Hood	I-FAC
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
she	O
spoke	O
to	O
Williams	B-PERSON
'	O
wife	O
Michelle	B-PERSON
.	O


Susan	B-PERSON
,	O
why	O
do	O
n't	O
we	O
start	O
with	O
you	O
?	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Hello	O
,	O
Judy	B-PERSON
.	O


During	O
a	O
brief	O
phone	O
call	O
with	O
their	O
son	O
from	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
on	O
surngd	O
the	O
Army	B-ORG
asked	O
the	O
Young	B-PERSON
family	O
not	O
to	O
get	O
into	O
any	O
specific	O
details	O
about	O
what	O
happened	O
during	O
their	O
son	O
's	O
capture	O
and	O
release	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
family	O
did	O
get	O
in	O
a	O
company	O
of	O
questions	O
about	O
how	O
he	O
was	O
treated	O
.	O


They	O
learned	O
he	O
lost	O
20	B-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
and	O
also	O
their	O
son	O
told	O
them	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
his	O
capture	O
,	O
things	O
were	O
n't	O
so	O
bad	O
but	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
very	O
rough	O
in	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


Now	O
they	O
are	O
learning	O
more	O
details	O
that	O
their	O
son	O
in	O
fact	O
was	O
kicked	O
and	O
beaten	O
after	O
his	O
capture	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
his	O
fellow	O
pilot	O
David	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
had	O
a	O
knife	O
held	O
to	O
his	O
throat	O
immediately	O
after	O
an	O
tur	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
an	O
interview	O
their	O
son	O
was	O
allowed	O
to	O
conduct	O
with	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Washington	I-WORK_OF_ART
Post	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
who	O
flew	O
with	O
him	O
into	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
.	O


Their	O
son	O
is	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
very	O
good	O
spirits	O
now	O
and	O
back	O
here	O
in	O
Georgia	B-GPE
,	O
after	O
three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
not	O
knowing	O
exactly	O
what	O
had	O
happened	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
finally	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
very	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Young	B-PERSON
family	O
members	O
got	O
some	O
sleep	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
some	O
family	O
members	O
did	O
.	O


She	O
slept	O
pretty	O
good	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
kidding	O
.	O


All	O
right	O
.	O


I	O
came	O
home	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
in	O
bed	O
.	O


I	O
laid	O
on	O
the	O
couch	O
for	O
a	B-TIME
couple	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
walked	O
around	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
sleep	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
I	O
really	O
am	O
.	O


I	O
got	O
in	O
there	O
,	O
laid	O
down	O
.	O


She	O
must	O
have	O
took	O
a	O
pill	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


Sounded	O
like	O
a	O
saw	O
mill	O
going	O
on	O
next	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


Back	O
on	O
the	O
couch	O
again	O
.	O


Hey	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
tired	O
,	O
and	O
besides	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
relief	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


I	O
could	O
finally	O
sleep	O
and	O
know	O
everything	O
was	O
okay	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
pictures	O
and	O
videotape	O
and	O
a	O
phone	O
call	O
is	O
one	O
thing	O
,	O
but	O
seeing	O
their	O
son	O
in	O
person	O
is	O
quite	O
another	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
hoping	O
that	O
will	O
happen	O
very	O
soon	O
.	O


Young	B-PERSON
's	O
mother	O
says	O
,	O
when	O
she	O
sees	O
her	O
son	O
,	O
she	O
plans	O
on	O
hugging	O
him	O
for	O
a	O
good	O
solid	O
half	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	O


Back	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
Judy	B-PERSON
.	O


At	O
least	O
,	O
we	O
would	O
think	O
,	O
if	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
turn	O
to	O
Jamie	B-PERSON
at	O
Ft.	B-FAC
Hood	I-FAC
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
she	O
's	O
been	O
talking	O
with	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Chief	O
Warrant	O
Officer	O
David	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
.	O


For	O
them	O
,	O
Jamie	B-PERSON
,	O
given	O
what	O
we	O
just	O
heard	O
about	O
the	O
knife	O
at	O
his	O
throat	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
be	O
incredibly	O
relieved	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
Judy	B-PERSON
,	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
learning	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
as	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
goes	O
on	O
.	O


The	O
focus	O
is	O
clearly	O
not	O
on	O
their	O
treatment	O
or	O
their	O
capture	O
but	O
their	O
freedom	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
with	O
Michelle	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
she	O
saw	O
those	O
first	B-ORDINAL
pictures	O
on	O
CNN	B-ORG
of	O
her	O
husband	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
shrieked	O
with	O
delight	O
.	O


For	O
three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
she	O
's	O
watched	O
and	O
waited	O
for	O
some	O
news	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
other	O
pictures	O
was	O
his	O
abandoned	O
helicopter	O
.	O


She	O
knew	O
instantly	O
when	O
she	O
saw	O
it	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
1st	B-ORG
Cavalry	I-ORG
emblem	O
and	O
special	O
markings	O
it	O
was	O
his	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
a	O
long	O
three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


Today	B-DATE
is	O
date	O
she	O
was	O
waiting	O
for	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
spend	O
some	O
time	O
with	O
her	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


This	O
morning	O
on	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
American	I-WORK_OF_ART
Morning	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
she	O
told	O
us	O
about	O
what	O
her	O
reaction	O
was	O
when	O
she	O
saw	O
those	O
first	B-ORDINAL
pictures	O
of	O
her	O
husband	O
free	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
so	O
happy	O
.	O


I	O
knew	O
I	O
never	O
lost	O
hope	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
alive	O
and	O
just	O
seeing	O
him	O
and	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
his	O
eyes	O
and	O
his	O
reaction	O
to	O
his	O
rescue	O
just	O
took	O
a	O
huge	O
load	O
off	O
my	O
shoulders	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Incredible	O
support	O
from	O
military	O
spouses	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
true	O
love	O
story	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
met	O
,	O
Michelle	B-PERSON
and	O
David	B-PERSON
in	O
flight	O
school	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
been	O
at	O
Ft.	B-FAC
Hood	I-FAC
for	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
.	O


Both	O
are	O
pilots	O
.	O


Michelle	B-PERSON
is	O
--	O


We	O
begin	O
we	O
will	O
finish	O
.	O


Applause	O


d	O
the	O
extra	O
$	O
400	B-MONEY
per	O
child	O
to	O
American	B-NORP
families	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
2003	B-DATE
.	O


All	O
together	O
these	O
tax	O
reductions	O
will	O
help	O
92	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Americans	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
a	O
significant	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
benefit	O
to	O
our	O
economy	O
will	O
come	O
within	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
plan	O
.	O


A	O
family	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
with	O
an	O
income	O
of	O
$	O
40,000	B-MONEY
would	O
receive	O
a	O
96	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
reduction	O
in	O
federal	O
income	O
taxes	O
.	O


Instead	O
of	O
paying	O
$	O
1,178	B-MONEY
per	O
year	O
,	O
the	O
family	O
would	O
pay	O
$	O
45	B-MONEY
a	O
year	O
.	O


Applause	O


That	O
means	O
extra	O
money	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
budget	O
year	O
after	O
year	O
.	O


That	O
money	O
can	O
cover	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
bills	O
.	O


That	O
money	O
can	O
help	O
families	O
with	O
purchases	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
delaying	O
.	O


That	O
money	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
circulation	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
good	O
for	O
our	O
economy	O
.	O


Applause	O


And	O
this	O
plan	O
will	O
help	O
our	O
small	O
business	O
sector	O
.	O


The	O
benefits	O
of	O
the	O
growth	O
plan	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
increased	O
consumer	O
spending	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
importantly	O
,	O
from	O
a	O
lower	O
income	O
tax	O
rates	O
on	O
the	O
small	O
businesses	O
themselves	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
our	O
fellow	O
citizens	O
to	O
understand	O
that	O
most	O
small	O
businesses	O
pay	O
their	O
business	O
taxes	O
at	O
the	O
individual	O
rates	O
.	O


Most	O
small	O
businesses	O
are	O
sole	O
proprietorships	O
,	O
limited	O
partnerships	O
,	O
are	O
subchapter	O
SS	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
reduce	O
individual	O
tax	O
rates	O
,	O
you	O
benefit	O
small	O
business	O
formation	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
fact	O
,	O
under	O
this	O
plan	O
,	O
some	B-CARDINAL
23	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
small	O
business	O
owners	O
will	O
see	O
their	O
taxes	O
cut	O
,	O
which	O
leaves	O
more	O
money	O
for	O
investment	O
,	O
more	O
money	O
for	O
growth	O
,	O
more	O
money	O
for	O
job	O
creation	O
.	O


A	O
growing	O
economy	O
also	O
needs	O
small	O
business	O
investment	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
tax	O
code	O
should	O
encourage	O
investment	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
a	O
small	O
business	O
can	O
deduct	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
$	O
25,000	B-MONEY
in	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
which	O
they	O
buy	O
equipment	O
.	O


We	O
need	O
to	O
triple	O
the	O
amount	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
deducted	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
which	O
they	O
buy	O
equipment	O
.	O


Applause	O


So	O
I	O
propose	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
that	O
limit	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
increased	O
to	O
$	O
75,000	B-MONEY
and	O
that	O
limit	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
indexed	O
to	O
inflation	O
.	O


By	O
doing	O
so	O
,	O
we	O
promote	O
greater	O
investment	O
in	O
machinery	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
a	O
small	O
business	O
buys	O
machine	O
that	O
enhances	O
their	O
company	O
's	O
productivity	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
it	O
means	O
machinery	O
manufacturer	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
more	O
work	O
available	O
.	O


More	O
investment	O
equals	O
jobs	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
we	O
are	O
interested	O
in	O
in	O
this	O
administration	O
is	O
helping	O
people	O
who	O
look	O
for	O
work	O
find	O
a	O
job	O
.	O


Applause	O


We	O
can	O
also	O
promote	O
economic	O
growth	O
and	O
job	O
creation	O
by	O
removing	O
the	O
double	O
tax	O
on	O
dividends	O
.	O


Applause	O


Taxing	O
corporate	O
income	O
once	O
is	O
fair	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
fair	O
for	O
the	O
federal	O
government	O
to	O
tax	O
the	O
same	O
money	O
twice	O
.	O


The	O
burden	O
of	O
double	O
taxation	O
falls	O
on	O
the	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
individuals	O
who	O
receive	O
dividends	O
,	O
falls	O
especially	O
hard	O
on	O
seniors	O
who	O
receive	O
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
all	O
dividend	O
income	O
.	O


Removal	O
of	O
double	O
taxation	O
would	O
put	O
more	O
money	O
in	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
investors	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
encourage	O
more	O
investment	O
in	O
American	B-NORP
businesses	O
.	O


Economists	O
say	O
that	O
this	O
plan	O
will	O
help	O
our	O
stock	O
markets	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
American	B-NORP
families	O
own	O
stock	O
,	O
the	O
reform	O
will	O
help	O
them	O
save	O
and	O
help	O
our	O
economy	O
grow	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
these	O
measures	O
were	O
presented	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
pro-growth	O
package	O
was	O
urgent	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
.	O


It	O
's	O
even	O
more	O
urgent	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Applause	O


It	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
you	O
all	O
to	O
understand	O
and	O
for	O
our	O
fellow	O
Americans	B-NORP
to	O
understand	O
the	O
tax	O
relief	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
proposed	O
and	O
will	O
push	O
for	O
until	O
enacted	O
applause	O
will	O
create	O
1.4	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
new	O
jobs	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
2004	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
time	O
,	O
this	O
nation	O
has	O
experienced	O
war	O
,	O
a	O
recession	O
and	O
a	O
national	O
emergency	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
caused	O
our	O
government	O
to	O
run	O
a	O
deficit	O
.	O


The	O
best	O
way	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
deficit	O
is	O
with	O
more	O
growth	O
in	O
our	O
economy	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
more	O
revenues	O
to	O
our	O
treasury	O
,	O
and	O
less	O
spending	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
D.C	I-GPE
.	O


applause	O


I	O
am	O
pleased	O
that	O
both	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
and	O
Senate	B-ORG
have	O
passed	O
budget	O
resolutions	O
that	O
show	O
real	O
spending	O
restraint	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
the	O
Congress	B-ORG
must	O
focus	O
on	O
a	O
robust	O
and	O
effective	O
growth	O
package	O
.	O


We	O
need	O
at	B-MONEY
least	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
550	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
that	O
package	O
because	O
the	O
more	O
tax	O
relief	O
that	O
goes	O
to	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
jobs	O
we	O
will	O
create	O
in	O
this	O
economy	O
.	O


Applause	O


The	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
have	O
been	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
challenge	O
for	O
America	B-GPE
.	O


Our	O
resolve	O
has	O
been	O
tested	O
,	O
yet	O
we	O
have	O
the	O
great	O
resources	O
of	O
national	O
strength	O
,	O
and	O
national	O
character	O
,	O
to	O
overcome	O
every	O
challenge	O
we	O
face	O
.	O


Our	O
confidence	O
and	O
our	O
optimism	O
have	O
never	O
waivered	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
defending	O
the	O
peace	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
bringing	O
freedom	O
to	O
corners	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
who	O
have	O
n't	O
seen	O
freedom	O
in	O
years	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
all	O
building	O
the	O
prosperity	O
of	O
our	O
country	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
unique	O
moment	O
in	O
our	O
history	O
and	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
are	O
rising	O
to	O
meet	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
thank	O
each	O
of	O
you	O
for	O
your	O
hard	O
work	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
thank	O
each	O
of	O
you	O
for	O
the	O
faith	O
you	O
have	O
shown	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
's	O
future	O
.	O


May	O
God	B-PERSON
bless	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
God	B-PERSON
continue	O
to	O
bless	O
America	B-GPE
.	O


Applause	O


Spy	O
to	O
help	O
free	O
private	O
Jessica	B-PERSON
Lynch	I-PERSON
.	O


Lara	B-PRODUCT
hijacking	O
in	O
1995	B-DATE
has	O
been	O
captured	O
by	O
U.S.	B-GPE
forces	O
in	O
or	O
near	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
was	O
the	O
Italian	B-NORP
ship	O
that	O
was	O
captured	O
by	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
terrorists	O
back	O
in	O
1985	B-DATE
and	O
some	O
may	O
remember	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
Leon	B-PERSON
Clinghover	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
wheelchair	O
and	O
the	O
terrorists	O
shot	O
him	O
and	O
pushed	O
him	O
over	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
ship	O
into	O
the	O
Mediterranean	B-LOC
where	O
he	O
obviously	O
,	O
died	O
.	O


This	O
man	O
,	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Abbas	I-PERSON
has	O
lived	O
an	O
itinerant	O
life	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
been	O
in	O
Tunas	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
's	O
been	O
in	O
Libya	B-GPE
and	O
he	O
's	O
been	O
living	O
under	O
the	O
protection	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
he	O
is	O
wanted	O
for	O
murder	O
in	O
Italy	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
are	O
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
charges	O
which	O
have	O
expired	O
but	O
could	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
told	O
,	O
possibly	O
be	O
restarted	O
for	O
piracy	O
,	O
hostage	O
taking	O
and	O
conspiracy	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
oldest	O
cases	O
of	O
terrorism	O
that	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
oldest	O
cases	O
that	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
closed	O
to	O
date	O
.	O


Now	O
looks	O
as	O
if	O
this	O
man	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Absaas	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
hands	O
.	O


Miles	B-PERSON
?	O


Good	O
evening	B-TIME
.	O


Coalition	O
forces	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
have	O
arrested	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
terrorist	O
who	O
led	O
the	O
hijacking	O
of	O
the	O
Italian	B-NORP
cruise	O
ship	O
the	B-PRODUCT
Achille	I-PRODUCT
Lauro	I-PRODUCT
in	O
1985	B-DATE
.	O


During	O
that	O
hijacking	O
the	O
terrorists	O
shot	O
and	O
killed	O
a	O
disabled	O
American	B-NORP
,	O
Leon	B-PERSON
Klinghoffer	I-PERSON
,	O
as	O
he	O
sat	O
in	O
his	O
wheelchair	O
.	O


They	O
threw	O
his	O
body	O
overboard	O
.	O


National	O
security	O
correspondent	O
David	B-PERSON
Ensor	I-PERSON
joins	O
us	O
live	O
from	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


David	B-PERSON
?	O


The	O
coroner	O
examining	O
the	O
remains	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
bodies	O
recovered	O
near	O
San	B-LOC
Francisco	I-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
yesterday	B-DATE
was	O
unable	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
death	O
.	O


Police	O
are	O
now	O
considering	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
the	O
remains	O
are	O
those	O
of	O
Laci	B-PERSON
Peterson	I-PERSON
and	O
her	O
unborn	O
child	O
.	O


Peterson	B-PERSON
disappeared	O
on	O
Christmas	B-DATE
eve	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Paul	B-PERSON
Vercammen	I-PERSON
joins	O
me	O
now	O
from	O
Martinez	B-GPE
,	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
the	O
latest	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Paul	B-PERSON
?	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Well	O
,	O
Lou	B-PERSON
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
that	O
the	O
coroner	O
has	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
determine	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
skeletal	O
remains	O
are	O
those	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
an	O
adult	O
female	O
,	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
,	O
the	O
remains	O
of	O
the	O
almost	O
full	O
-	O
term	O
baby	O
boy	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
significant	O
because	O
Laci	B-PERSON
Peterson	I-PERSON
,	O
when	O
she	O
disappeared	O
from	O
her	O
Modesto	B-GPE
home	O
,	O
was	O
7	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
/	I-DATE
2	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
pregnant	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
on	O
Christmas	B-DATE
Eve	I-DATE
.	O


Her	O
husband	O
,	O
Scott	B-PERSON
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
fishing	O
in	O
the	O
Berkeley	B-GPE
marina	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
strange	O
twist	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
just	B-DATE
yesterday	I-DATE
separate	O
from	O
the	O
skeletal	O
remains	O
I	O
alluded	O
to	O
earlier	O
a	O
man	O
hiking	O
near	O
the	O
Berkeley	B-GPE
marina	O
found	O
a	O
bone	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
now	O
looking	O
at	O
that	O
as	O
another	O
possible	O
lead	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
.	O


This	O
person	O
came	O
across	O
the	O
bone	O
at	O
the	O
shore	O
.	O


He	O
brought	O
it	O
home	O
and	O
contacted	O
the	O
authorities	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
took	O
possession	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
connect	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
--	O


Well	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
human	O
bone	O
and	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
it	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
others	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


And	O
yet	O
another	O
reason	O
why	O
that	O
bone	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
key	O
link	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
reports	O
that	O
have	O
surfaced	O
that	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
female	O
remains	O
that	O
were	O
found	O
the	O
skeleton	O
was	O
not	O
completely	O
intact	O
.	O


Now	O
this	O
case	O
is	O
also	O
taking	O
on	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
say	O
,	O
almost	O
a	O
TV	O
episodic	O
forensic	O
pathology	O
angle	O
because	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
bring	O
in	O
an	O
expert	O
on	O
what	O
's	O
called	O
alufating	O
decay	O
,	O
and	O
basically	O
this	O
person	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
come	O
in	O
here	O
and	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
body	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
damage	O
aspect	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
say	O
these	O
experts	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
tell	O
how	O
long	O
the	O
body	O
had	O
been	O
in	O
there	O
and	O
if	O
the	O
remains	O
of	O
the	O
almost	O
full	O
-	O
term	O
baby	O
boy	O
were	O
inside	O
the	O
female	O
's	O
remains	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
death	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
the	O
coroner	O
could	O
know	O
right	O
now	O
but	O
is	O
not	O
saying	O
if	O
there	O
was	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
trauma	O
to	O
either	O
of	O
these	O
skeletons	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
they	O
could	O
see	O
the	O
bone	O
compromised	O
in	O
some	O
way	O
they	O
could	O
tell	O
if	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
a	O
stab	O
or	O
a	O
shooting	O
.	O


We	O
may	O
learn	O
a	O
lot	O
more	O
on	O
this	O
in	O
just	B-TIME
15	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
.	O


That	O
's	O
because	O
Modesto	B-GPE
police	O
have	O
scheduled	O
a	O
news	O
conference	O
and	O
while	O
they	O
may	O
not	O
say	O
much	O
at	O
all	O
they	O
could	O
also	O
drop	O
some	O
major	O
bomb	O
shells	O
,	O
Lou	B-PERSON
.	O


Reporting	O
live	O
from	O
Martinez	B-GPE
,	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
'm	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Vercammen	I-PERSON
.	O


Now	O
back	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Paul	B-PERSON
,	O
let	O
me	O
ask	O
you	O
,	O
if	O
I	O
may	O
,	O
quickly	O
,	O
is	O
there	O
any	O
reason	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
expect	O
that	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
identify	O
those	O
remains	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
these	O
autopsies	O
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
?	O


Reporter	O
:	O


It	O
sounds	O
like	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
will	O
be	O
too	O
quick	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
seems	O
underlying	O
all	O
this	O
is	O
there	O
could	O
be	O
an	O
absence	O
of	O
dental	O
records	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
particularly	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
adult	O
female	O
remains	O
.	O


So	O
now	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
turn	O
to	O
DNA	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
they	O
're	O
calling	O
in	O
these	O
experts	O
.	O


Some	O
DNA	O
testing	O
can	O
be	O
very	O
quick	O
,	O
but	O
sometimes	O
it	O
can	O
take	O
up	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
even	O
more	O
,	O
Lou	B-PERSON
.	O


Okay	O
.	O


Paul	B-PERSON
Vercammen	I-PERSON
,	O
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


As	O
Paul	B-PERSON
just	O
reported	O
,	O
the	O
Modesto	B-GPE
,	O
California	B-GPE
police	O
department	O
will	O
be	O
holding	O
a	O
news	O
conference	O
just	B-TIME
a	I-TIME
few	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
from	I-TIME
now	I-TIME
,	O
and	O
CNN	B-ORG
of	O
course	O
will	O
be	O
carrying	O
that	O
news	O
conference	O
live	O
.	O


Stay	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
forces	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
are	O
staging	O
spot	O
raids	O
around	O
that	O
city	O
,	O
searching	O
for	O
holdout	O
members	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
's	O
regime	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
reported	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
key	O
initiative	O
is	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
weapons	O
of	O
mass	O
destruction	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
that	O
effort	O
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
special	O
forces	O
today	B-DATE
raided	O
the	O
home	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
microbiologist	O
known	O
as	O
Dr.	B-PERSON
Germ	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
woman	O
who	O
ran	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
secret	O
biological	O
warfare	O
laboratory	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Boettcher	I-PERSON
has	O
our	O
exclusive	O
report	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Rehab	B-PERSON
Taha	I-PERSON
,	O
aka	O
Dr.	B-PERSON
Germ	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
directed	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
biological	O
weapons	O
program	O
.	O


CNN	B-ORG
has	O
exclusively	O
obtained	O
the	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
English	B-LANGUAGE
translations	O
of	O
her	O
Arabic	B-LANGUAGE
work	O
papers	O
.	O


Her	O
research	O
was	O
conducted	O
here	O
at	O
a	O
location	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
to	O
U.N.	B-ORG
arms	O
inspectors	O
,	O
300	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
west	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


Her	O
notes	O
begin	O
with	O
the	O
test	O
objective	O
.	O


Her	O
written	O
words	O
are	O
read	O
by	O
a	O
narrator	O
.	O


A	O
field	O
experiment	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
disperse	O
biological	O
agents	O
,	O
botulinum	O
toxin	O
and	O
spors	O
of	O
bacillus	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
tests	O
were	O
a	O
success	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Taha	B-PERSON
then	O
described	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
their	O
tests	O
using	O
an	O
anthrax	O
simulant	O
and	O
artillery	O
rockets	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


And	O
she	O
reveals	O
success	O
in	O
a	O
1989	B-DATE
test	O
,	O
using	O
aerial	O
bombs	O
to	O
disperse	O
biological	O
agents	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Dr.	O
Taha	B-PERSON
's	O
notes	O
do	O
not	O
tell	O
us	O
how	O
far	O
she	O
eventually	O
progressed	O
in	O
her	O
biological	O
weapons	O
testing	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
the	O
Marines	B-NORP
came	O
knocking	O
.	O


Looking	O
for	O
her	O
papers	O
and	O
looking	O
for	O
her	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Boettcher	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


And	O
she	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
--	O


For	O
killing	O
his	O
wife	O
and	O
three	B-CARDINAL
children	O
the	O
oldest	O
of	O
whom	O
was	O
three	B-DATE
,	O
Christian	B-PERSON
Longo	I-PERSON
had	O
been	O
sentenced	O
to	O
die	O
.	O


Prosecutors	O
say	O
Longo	B-PERSON
killed	O
his	O
family	O
because	O
they	O
stood	O
before	O
him	O
and	O
the	O
life	O
he	O
craved	O
.	O


The	O
jury	O
deliberated	O
for	O
three	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
before	O
returning	O
a	O
death	O
sentence	O
.	O


Now	O
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
coverage	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
Iraq	B-GPE
continues	O
.	O


By	O
U.S.	B-GPE
forces	O
and	O
which	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
run	O
by	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
began	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
several	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
operation	O
as	O
it	O
continues	O
in	O
the	O
north	O
continues	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
situation	O
of	O
unrest	O
.	O


The	O
area	O
around	O
Mosul	B-GPE
described	O
as	O
uncertain	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
its	O
stability	O
with	O
deliberate	O
agitation	O
.	O


Those	O
are	O
the	O
words	O
there	O
that	O
General	O
Brooks	B-PERSON
used	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
ago	O
.	O


The	O
unrest	O
continues	O
there	O
and	O
this	O
follows	O
up	O
the	O
shooting	O
we	O
talked	O
about	O
yesterday	B-DATE
in	O
which	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
seven	I-CARDINAL
Iraqis	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
by	O
U.S.	B-GPE
fire	O
after	O
they	O
apparently	O
came	O
under	O
fire	O
trying	O
to	O
secure	O
a	O
certain	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
central	O
part	O
of	O
Mosul	B-GPE
.	O


Also	O
,	O
news	O
about	O
another	O
half	O
-	O
brother	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
apparently	O
now	O
apprehended	O
overnight	B-TIME
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
with	O
the	O
assistance	O
of	O
local	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
.	O


Not	O
sure	O
where	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
personal	O
the	O
person	O
western	O
neighborhood	O
of	O
Mansour	B-GPE
.	O


You	O
might	O
remember	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
when	O
another	O
half	O
-	O
brother	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
was	O
picked	O
up	O
trying	O
to	O
cross	O
into	O
Syria	B-GPE
and	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
been	O
told	O
Syria	B-GPE
has	O
closed	O
its	O
border	O
with	O
Iraq	B-GPE
to	O
prevent	O
any	O
of	O
that	O
ongoing	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
go	O
through	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
throughout	O
the	O
morning	B-TIME
here	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
to	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
and	O
Barbara	B-PERSON
Starr	I-PERSON
to	O
pick	O
up	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
.	O


Power	O
being	O
restored	O
on	O
a	O
rolling	O
basis	O
throughout	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
city	O
went	O
dark	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
leaving	O
people	O
without	O
electricity	O
or	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
cook	O
or	O
keep	O
food	O
from	O
spoiling	O
.	O


Engineers	O
have	O
managed	O
to	O
restart	O
two	B-CARDINAL
substations	O
and	O
six	B-CARDINAL
diesel	O
plants	O
and	O
also	O
need	O
that	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
hospitals	O
get	O
on	O
line	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


General	O
Brooks	B-PERSON
talking	O
about	O
three	B-CARDINAL
major	O
points	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
is	O
the	O
capture	O
of	O
number	O
24	B-CARDINAL
as	O
it	O
's	O
described	O
,	O
Samir	B-PERSON
who	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
district	O
.	O


Indications	O
are	O
the	O
Kurds	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
north	O
handed	O
this	O
man	O
over	O
so	O
this	O
is	O
number	O
4	B-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
that	O
playing	O
card	O
deck	O
of	O
55	B-CARDINAL
that	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
is	O
after	O
,	O
top	O
leaders	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Also	O
that	O
bomb	O
site	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
hit	O
about	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Mansour	B-GPE
district	O
.	O


No	O
remains	O
identified	O
just	O
yet	O
,	O
General	O
Brooks	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
the	O
initial	O
surveys	O
have	O
been	O
completed	O
so	O
far	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
strong	O
speculation	O
that	O
his	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sons	O
were	O
inside	O
of	O
that	O
building	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
hit	O
by	O
coalition	O
bombs	O
,	O
or	O
may	O
have	O
left	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
bombing	O
taking	O
place	O
.	O


Again	O
,	O
all	O
this	O
is	O
an	O
outstanding	O
issue	O
right	O
now	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
north	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
hear	O
a	O
lot	O
about	O
the	O
shallow	O
graves	O
today	O
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
1500	I-CARDINAL
,	O
maybe	O
1600	B-CARDINAL
graves	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
north	O
.	O


Jane	B-PERSON
Arraf	I-PERSON
has	O
made	O
her	O
way	O
to	O
that	O
location	O
and	O
we	O
heard	O
her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
live	O
report	O
about	B-TIME
an	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
ago	I-TIME
and	O
we	O
will	O
talk	O
with	O
Jane	B-PERSON
again	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
,	O
quote	O
,	O
work	O
will	O
be	O
done	O
with	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
and	O
that	O
work	O
will	O
come	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
told	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
wrap	O
from	O
CentCom	B-ORG
and	O
here	O
is	O
Fredricka	B-PERSON
Whitfield	I-PERSON
at	O
the	B-FAC
CNN	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
.	O


In	O
a	B-TIME
moment	I-TIME
,	O
check	O
in	O
on	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
and	O
get	O
the	O
latest	O
on	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
prisoners	O
of	O
war	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
detention	O
center	O
,	O
well	B-CARDINAL
over	I-CARDINAL
7,000	I-CARDINAL
Iraqis	B-NORP
held	O
there	O
and	O
almost	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
have	O
been	O
released	O
.	O


Check	O
in	O
on	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
for	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
on	O
this	O
tape	O
and	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
saying	O
down	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


6:03	B-TIME
a.m.	O
Eastern	O
time	O
,	B-CARDINAL
seven	B-NORP
Americans	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
prisoners	O
of	O
war	O
in	B-GPE
Iraq	O
make	O
a	O
public	O
appearance	O
at	O
the	O
medical	O
center	O
in	B-GPE
Germany	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
they	O
're	O
looking	O
forward	O
to	O
going	O
home	O
,	O
which	O
relatives	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
former	O
POW	O
say	O
could	O
happen	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


Officials	O
at	O
the	O
hospital	O
say	O
the	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
are	O
in	O
good	O
shape	O
and	O
their	O
prognosis	O
is	O
excellent	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
three	B-CARDINAL
have	O
gunshot	O
wounds	O
.	O


6:21	B-TIME
Eastern	I-TIME
time	I-TIME
,	O
2:21	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
protesters	O
demonstrate	O
outside	O
a	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
mosque	O
,	O
opposing	O
what	O
they	O
call	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
occupation	O
,	O
and	O
saying	O
any	O
new	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
government	O
must	O
represent	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


6:33	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Jane	B-PERSON
Arraf	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Kirkuk	B-GPE
that	O
local	O
authorities	O
and	O
U.S.	B-GPE
investigators	O
are	O
still	O
mystified	O
by	O
a	O
graveyard	O
on	O
a	O
military	O
base	O
abandoned	O
by	O
the	O
old	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
regime	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
unmarked	O
graves	O
,	O
apparently	O
dating	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
1991	B-DATE
Gulf	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
,	O
or	O
before	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
clear	O
whether	O
the	O
people	O
buried	O
there	O
are	O
victims	O
of	O
regime	O
atrocities	O
,	O
or	O
whether	O
it	O
's	O
simply	O
a	O
military	O
graveyard	O
.	O


7:05	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
,	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Command	I-ORG
says	O
another	O
top	O
Baath	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
official	O
has	O
been	O
captured	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
coalition	O
special	O
forces	O
by	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
Kurds	B-NORP
last	O
night	O
.	O


8:10	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
,	O
Abu	B-ORG
Dhabi	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
broadcasts	O
videotape	O
which	O
it	O
says	O
shows	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
in	O
a	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
neighborhood	O
last	B-DATE
Wednesday	I-DATE
,	O
April	B-DATE
9th	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
the	O
city	O
fell	O
to	O
coalition	O
troops	O
.	O


The	O
network	O
has	O
not	O
said	O
where	O
it	O
got	O
the	O
tape	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
no	O
way	O
to	O
confirm	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
shot	O
or	O
whether	O
the	O
man	O
in	O
the	O
video	O
is	O
really	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
.	O


Iraqi	B-NORP
museum	O
workers	O
are	O
starting	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
damage	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
history	O
.	O


Up	O
to	O
20	B-CARDINAL
loot	O
.	O


The	O
artifacts	O
have	O
been	O
returned	O
after	O
religious	O
clerics	O
called	O
for	O
the	O
action	O
.	O


Now	O
officials	O
in	O
the	O
worldwide	O
museum	O
community	O
have	O
pledged	O
their	O
help	O
in	O
restoring	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
past	O
.	O


Liz	B-PERSON
George	I-PERSON
explains	O
.	O


Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
history	O
,	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
culture	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
demolished	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


A	O
cry	O
from	O
the	O
heart	O
from	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
archaeologists	O
.	O


A	O
cry	O
echoing	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
catastrophe	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
catastrophe	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
catastrophe	O
for	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
civilization	O
of	O
ancient	O
Iraq	B-GPE
was	O
the	O
first	O
urban	O
civilization	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


As	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
the	O
looting	O
and	O
destruction	O
came	O
to	O
light	O
,	O
experts	O
in	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
were	O
making	O
plans	O
to	O
help	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
British	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
is	O
home	O
to	O
the	O
largest	O
Mesopotamia	B-LOC
collection	O
outside	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
including	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
forms	O
of	O
writing	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
duty	O
of	O
international	O
community	O
to	O
restore	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
possible	O
to	O
the	O
museum	O
and	O
then	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
must	O
organize	O
itself	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
colleagues	O
restore	O
what	O
is	O
left	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
British	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
is	O
putting	O
six	B-CARDINAL
conservators	O
and	O
three	B-CARDINAL
curators	O
into	O
this	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
it	O
's	O
possible	O
.	O


They	O
'll	O
go	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
colleagues	O
as	O
--	O


American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
not	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
woods	O
yet	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
latest	O
on	O
the	O
company	O
to	O
avoid	O
bankruptcy	O
,	O
check	O
with	O
Rhonda	B-PERSON
Schaffler	I-PERSON
.	O


Hi	O
there	O
.	O


Interesting	O
story	O
because	O
we	O
thought	O
things	O
were	O
wrapped	O
up	O
a	O
couple	O
district	O
attorneys	O
ago	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
the	O
flight	O
attendants	O
are	O
calling	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
vote	O
on	O
the	O
concessions	O
contract	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
rejected	O
the	O
largest	O
airline	O
may	O
have	O
to	O
file	O
for	O
bankruptcy	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
is	O
that	O
union	O
members	O
became	O
outraged	O
after	O
learning	O
about	O
the	O
airline	O
's	O
executive	O
compensation	O
plan	O
where	O
Woi	O
would	O
have	O
paid	O
huge	O
bonuses	O
even	O
in	O
bankruptcy	O
.	O


On	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
American	B-ORG
withdrew	O
the	O
plan	O
and	O
its	O
chief	O
executive	O
even	O
apologized	O
to	O
union	O
leaders	O
.	O


Union	O
members	O
are	O
still	O
angry	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
demanding	O
another	O
vote	O
.	O


American	B-ORG
and	O
its	O
rivals	O
have	O
suffered	O
from	O
declines	O
in	O
business	O
travel	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
businesses	O
have	O
been	O
cutting	O
back	O
their	O
travel	O
expenses	O
to	O
save	O
money	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
experts	O
say	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
keep	O
doing	O
that	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
the	O
economy	O
picks	O
up	O
,	O
e-mail	O
,	O
video	O
,	O
web	O
conferencing	O
becoming	O
popular	O
alternatives	O
to	O
face	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	O
meetings	O
,	O
also	O
finding	O
cheap	O
fares	O
on	O
Internet	O
or	O
using	O
low	O
fare	O
airlines	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Business	B-ORG
Travel	I-ORG
Coalition	I-ORG
,	O
younger	O
techs	O
-	O
heavy	O
managers	O
are	O
n't	O
so	O
keen	O
on	O
jumping	O
on	O
a	O
plane	O
.	O


They	O
'd	O
rather	O
use	O
--	O


American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
may	O
soon	O
have	O
a	O
new	O
destination	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
bankruptcy	O
court	O
.	O


The	O
airline	O
's	O
flight	O
attendants	O
union	O
is	O
calling	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
vote	O
on	O
$	B-MONEY
340	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
wage	O
concessions	O
after	O
the	O
disclosure	O
last	O
year	O
of	O
an	O
executive	O
compensation	O
plan	O
.	O


The	O
world	O
's	O
largest	O
airline	O
needs	O
the	O
concessions	O
to	O
avoid	O
a	O
bankruptcy	O
filing	O
.	O


AMR	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
parent	O
of	O
American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
,	O
cancelled	O
the	O
bonus	O
program	O
and	O
CEO	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Carty	I-PERSON
apologized	O
to	O
employees	O
.	O


The	O
share	O
plunging	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
here	O
at	O
the	O
NYSE	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
overall	O
market	O
a	O
fairly	O
quiet	O
session	O
.	O


Volume	O
is	O
thin	O
as	O
some	O
traders	O
take	O
an	B-DATE
extended	I-DATE
holiday	I-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
we	O
'll	O
continue	O
to	O
get	O
earnings	O
reports	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
only	O
a	O
few	O
corporate	O
reports	O
and	O
little	O
economic	O
news	O
to	O
move	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
why	O
the	O
Dow	O
has	O
been	O
fairly	O
range	O
bound	O
.	O


The	O
Nasdaq	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
little	O
changed	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
the	O
latest	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
.	O


There	O
is	O
lots	O
more	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
Live	I-WORK_OF_ART
From	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
coming	O
up	O
after	O
the	O
break	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Allan	B-PERSON
Chernoff	I-PERSON
at	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
.	O


American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
major	O
union	O
at	O
American	B-ORG
is	O
planning	O
a	O
new	O
vote	O
on	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
cost	O
cutting	O
agreement	O
.	O


The	O
unions	O
are	O
outraged	O
that	O
a	O
bonus	O
plan	O
for	O
top	O
executives	O
that	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
fully	O
disclosed	O
before	O
the	O
union	O
voted	O
to	O
take	O
pay	O
cuts	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Transport	I-ORG
Brokers	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
made	O
the	O
revote	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
moments	O
before	O
the	O
CEO	O
publicly	O
apologized	O
to	O
his	O
employees	O
.	O


Carty	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
thought	O
the	O
employees	O
would	O
like	O
the	O
plan	O
that	O
meant	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
executives	O
that	O
company	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
concealed	O
the	O
details	O
fearing	O
the	O
story	O
would	O
cause	O
problems	O
when	O
they	O
were	O
asking	O
employees	O
for	O
big	O
concessions	O
.	O


Shares	O
of	O
American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
are	O
falling	O
sharply	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
straight	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
fears	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
might	O
be	O
forced	O
to	O
file	O
for	O
bankruptcy	O
.	O


The	O
stock	O
market	O
has	O
bounced	O
back	O
from	O
a	O
weak	O
start	O
.	O


A	O
lot	O
more	O
earnings	O
reports	O
out	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
many	O
positive	O
,	O
a	O
few	O
disappointments	O
sprinkled	O
in	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


The	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
is	O
up	O
by	O
16	B-QUANTITY
points	I-QUANTITY
right	O
now	O
and	O
the	O
Nasdaq	O
composite	O
higher	O
by	O
6	B-QUANTITY
points	I-QUANTITY
.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
says	O
Alan	B-PERSON
Greenspan	I-PERSON
should	O
serve	O
another	O
term	O
as	O
Federal	B-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
chairman	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
speculation	O
about	O
that	O
issue	O
after	O
a	O
rift	O
erupted	O
over	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
's	O
questioning	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
$	B-MONEY
726	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
tax	O
cut	O
plan	O
.	O


The	O
endorsement	O
came	O
as	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
was	O
scheduled	O
for	O
surgery	O
to	O
treat	O
an	O
enlarged	O
prostate	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
work	O
later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
Cooper	I-PERSON
.	O


Those	O
are	O
the	O
headlines	O
making	O
news	O
this	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	O


Now	O
back	O
to	O
``	O
Wolf	B-WORK_OF_ART
Blitzer	I-WORK_OF_ART
Reports	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


For	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
decade	O
,	O
Shia	B-NORP
Muslims	I-NORP
are	O
freely	O
making	O
a	O
pilgrimage	O
to	O
the	O
holy	O
city	O
of	O
Karbala	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
are	O
using	O
the	O
new	O
freedom	O
to	O
express	O
disdain	O
for	O
the	O
country	O
that	O
wanted	O
it	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


Our	O
senior	O
international	O
correspondent	O
Nic	B-PERSON
Robertson	I-PERSON
is	O
joining	O
us	O
live	O
from	O
Karbala	B-GPE
.	O


Nic	B-PERSON
,	O
how	O
much	O
anger	O
is	O
there	O
towards	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
in	O
these	O
pilgrimage	O
demonstrations	O
?	O


The	O
majority	O
most	O
people	O
here	O
are	O
very	O
happy	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
very	O
peaceful	O
here	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
they	O
're	O
very	O
grateful	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
but	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
do	O
express	O
with	O
quite	O
extreme	O
anger	O
because	O
they	O
believe	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
wants	O
to	O
stay	O
here	O
,	O
wants	O
to	O
exploit	O
Iraq	B-GPE
in	O
their	O
view	O
.	O


They	O
express	O
quite	O
extreme	O
anger	O
that	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
coalition	O
forces	O
should	O
leave	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
people	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
do	O
not	O
talk	O
a	O
lot	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
ask	O
them	O
questions	O
about	O
it	O
,	O
yes	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
has	O
done	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
job	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
time	O
to	O
leave	O
and	O
what	O
we	O
are	O
hearing	O
now	O
that	O
a	O
returning	O
exiled	O
group	O
called	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Islamic	I-ORG
Revolution	I-ORG
in	I-ORG
Iraq	I-ORG
is	O
sending	O
a	O
delegation	O
here	O
from	O
Iran	B-GPE
where	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
in	O
exile	O
for	O
several	B-DATE
decades	I-DATE
,	O
sending	O
a	O
delegation	O
here	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


That	O
delegation	O
will	O
bring	O
a	O
message	O
of	O
sheer	O
unity	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
bring	O
a	O
message	O
of	O
rebuilding	O
Iraq	B-GPE
along	O
Islamic	B-NORP
lines	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
bring	O
a	O
message	O
of	O
inter29ing	O
and	O
a	O
rejection	O
of	O
international	O
involvement	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Wolf	B-PERSON
?	O


If	O
you	O
watch	O
``	O
Newsnight	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
regularly	O
and	O
you	O
do	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
?	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
fans	O
of	O
still	O
photographers	O
and	O
trying	O
to	O
bring	O
their	O
work	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
tonight	B-TIME
again	O
,	O
we	O
do	O
.	O


Eric	B-PERSON
Seals	I-PERSON
of	O
Knight	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Ridder	I-ORG
Trainchl	I-ORG
shooting	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Detroit	I-ORG
Free	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
was	O
to	O
his	O
chagrin	O
,	O
could	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
toughest	O
and	O
important	O
battle	O
of	O
them	O
all	O
,	O
winning	O
the	O
peace	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Before	O
the	O
war	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
Jordan	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
were	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
refugees	O
to	O
show	O
off	O
.	O


Everyone	O
thought	O
would	O
stream	O
from	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
from	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
into	O
the	O
Jordan	B-GPE
,	O
like	O
did	O
in	O
1991	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
did	O
n't	O
show	O
up	O
.	O


On	O
April	B-DATE
9th	I-DATE
,	O
about	B-CARDINAL
130	I-CARDINAL
journalists	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
including	O
myself	O
and	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
reporters	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
cross	O
the	O
border	O
because	O
we	O
were	O
all	O
desperate	O
to	O
get	O
into	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
statue	O
fell	O
and	O
we	O
all	O
knew	O
it	O
was	O
over	O
.	O


My	O
name	O
is	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Salees	I-PERSON
.	O


I	O
am	O
a	O
photographer	O
at	O
Detroit	B-ORG
Free	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
and	O
currently	O
working	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
and	O
been	O
here	O
about	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
.	O


156	B-CARDINAL
Iraqi	B-NORP
police	O
officers	O
were	O
supposed	O
to	O
show	O
up	O
to	O
this	O
college	O
to	O
report	O
for	O
work	O
,	O
but	O
instead	O
,	O
2,000	B-CARDINAL
showed	O
up	O
because	O
they	O
heard	O
about	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
radio	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
whole	O
college	O
was	O
swarmed	O
with	O
police	O
officers	O
wanting	O
their	O
jobs	O
back	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
gentleman	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
operation	O
and	O
one	O
man	O
has	O
his	O
arms	O
up	O
yelling	O
at	O
him	O
.	O


Was	O
basically	O
an	O
angry	O
officer	O
demanding	O
his	O
job	O
.	O


We	O
came	O
across	O
a	O
checkpoint	O
and	O
there	O
were	O
about	O
maybe	O
five	B-CARDINAL
,	O
six	B-CARDINAL
Iraqi	B-NORP
locals	O
with	O
AK	O
machine	O
guns	O
and	O
checking	O
cars	O
.	O


Those	O
kind	O
of	O
neat	O
that	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
are	O
taking	O
pride	O
in	O
the	O
fall	O
of	O
the	O
regime	O
and	O
wanting	O
to	O
restore	O
order	O
themselves	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
heard	O
rumors	O
of	O
an	O
underground	O
prison	O
,	O
and	O
rumor	O
had	O
it	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
Kuwaitis	B-NORP
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
American	B-NORP
held	O
in	O
this	O
underground	O
prison	O
that	O
people	O
forgot	O
about	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
went	O
into	O
this	O
bunker	O
hoping	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
prison	O
and	O
run	O
into	O
these	O
prisoners	O
and	O
instead	O
we	O
ran	O
into	O
a	O
room	O
full	O
of	O
weapons	O
from	O
bullets	O
to	O
hand	O
grenade	O
,	O
land	O
mines	O
,	O
rocket	O
-	O
propelled	O
grenades	O
.	O


Besides	O
weapons	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
paperwork	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
--	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
man	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
putting	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
government	O
back	O
together	O
spent	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
a	O
stronghold	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
most	O
important	O
ethnic	O
minorities	O
the	O
Kurds	B-NORP
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
row	I-DATE
,	O
Lieutenant	O
General	O
Jay	B-PERSON
Garner	I-PERSON
was	O
mobbed	O
by	O
friendly	O
crowds	O
after	O
touring	O
a	O
Kurdish	B-NORP
school	O
in	O
the	O
northern	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
city	O
of	O
Irbil	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Kurds	B-NORP
should	O
show	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
keep	O
finding	O
cash	O
hidden	O
by	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
's	O
regime	O
.	O


$	B-MONEY
112	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
turned	O
up	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
some	O
dog	O
kennels	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
U.S.	B-GPE
soldiers	O
have	O
discovered	O
nearly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
600	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
hidden	O
around	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


Four	B-CARDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
soldiers	O
are	O
under	O
investigation	O
for	O
allegedly	O
keeping	O
some	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


The	O
four	B-CARDINAL
were	O
turned	O
in	O
after	O
other	O
soldiers	O
discovered	O
several	B-CARDINAL
hundreds	I-CARDINAL
missing	O
from	O
neatly	O
-	O
packed	O
cases	O
.	O


SARS	O
is	O
spreading	O
.	O


Major	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
Baseball	I-ORG
plans	O
to	O
warn	O
its	O
players	O
heading	O
to	O
Canada	B-GPE
,	O
particularly	O
to	O
Toronto	B-GPE
for	O
the	O
All	O
-	O
star	O
break	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
to	O
take	O
some	O
precautions	O
.	O


That	O
means	O
instead	O
of	O
meeting	O
the	O
fans	O
and	O
signing	O
autographs	O
,	O
they	O
'll	O
be	O
keeping	O
their	O
distance	O
and	O
waving	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
more	O
outrage	O
about	O
perks	O
for	O
executives	O
,	O
both	O
from	O
angry	O
employees	O
and	O
from	O
shareholders	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Andy	B-PERSON
Serwer	I-PERSON
``	O
Minding	B-WORK_OF_ART
Your	I-WORK_OF_ART
Business	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Shame	O
on	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
big	O
focus	O
is	O
American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
meeting	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
possibly	O
discussing	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
CEO	O
Don	B-PERSON
Carty	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
got	O
in	O
trouble	O
when	O
he	O
jacked	O
up	O
pensions	O
of	O
the	O
guys	O
in	O
top	O
while	O
asking	O
employees	O
to	O
take	O
big	O
pay	O
cuts	O
,	O
$	B-MONEY
1.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Last	O
night	O
,	O
former	O
General	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
CEO	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Welch	I-PERSON
talked	O
to	O
Paula	B-PERSON
Zahn	I-PERSON
about	O
this	O
issue	O
of	O
corporate	O
greed	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
listen	O
to	O
what	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
say	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
parts	O
of	O
America	B-GPE
that	O
is	O
great	O
.	O


People	O
want	O
more	O
and	O
they	O
want	O
other	O
people	O
to	O
have	O
less	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
.	O


And	O
annual	B-DATE
meeting	O
,	O
every	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
went	O
they	O
complained	O
about	O
executive	O
salaries	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
team	O
that	O
I	O
managed	O
increased	O
shareholder	O
value	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
600	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
that	O
shareholders	O
received	O
,	O
the	O
larger	O
shareholders	O
being	O
employees	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
a	O
question	O
of	O
degree	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
CEOs	O
should	O
make	O
millions	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
running	O
companies	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
employees	O
,	O
billions	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
revenue	O
.	O


A	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
is	O
okay	O
,	O
maybe	O
5	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
.	O


$	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	O
me	O
that	O
is	O
too	O
much	O
money	O
.	O


Who	O
decides	O
that	O
?	O


Seems	O
subjective	O
.	O


The	O
board	O
is	O
who	O
decides	O
that	O
and	O
board	O
is	O
so	O
often	O
chock	O
full	O
of	O
the	O
CEO	O
's	O
golfing	O
buddies	O
.	O


They	O
serve	O
on	O
each	O
other	O
's	O
boards	O
and	O
problem	O
here	O
is	O
gap	O
between	O
what	O
the	O
average	O
worker	O
makes	O
and	O
CEO	O
is	O
making	O
is	O
increasing	O
and	O
everyone	O
agrees	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
good	O
thing	O
for	O
this	O
country	O
,	O
plus	O
the	O
fact	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
guys	O
get	O
the	O
big	O
packages	O
,	O
so	O
often	O
you	O
see	O
the	O
companies	O
going	O
down	O
the	O
zblubs	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
updating	O
us	O
.	O


Back	O
over	O
to	O
Bill	B-PERSON
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
.	O


Jack	B-PERSON
looking	O
at	O
SARS	O
.	O


Talking	O
about	O
the	O
SARS	O
threat	O
worldwide	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
says	O
there	O
are	O
4200	B-CARDINAL
SARS	O
cases	O
so	O
far	O
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
250	I-CARDINAL
deaths	O
in	O
27	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
cure	O
,	O
and	O
nobody	O
knows	O
what	O
is	O
causing	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
question	O
is	O
,	O
Would	O
you	O
change	O
your	O
plans	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
SARS	O
?	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
responses	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
hundreds	I-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
,	O
beginning	O
--	O


A	O
cruise	O
ship	O
is	O
being	O
searched	O
off	O
the	B-LOC
Hawaii	I-LOC
Coast	I-LOC
after	O
two	B-CARDINAL
notes	O
threatening	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
were	O
found	O
on	O
board	O
.	O


Royal	B-ORG
Caribbean	I-ORG
cruise	O
ship	O
Legend	B-PRODUCT
of	I-PRODUCT
the	I-PRODUCT
Sea	I-PRODUCT
diverted	O
to	O
Honolulu	B-GPE
when	O
the	O
notes	O
were	O
found	O
on	O
board	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


Passengers	O
were	O
taken	O
to	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
dining	O
rooms	O
while	O
bomb	O
sniffing	O
dogs	O
went	O
over	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O


Some	O
breaking	O
news	O
out	O
of	O
Fort	B-GPE
Worth	I-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


A	O
big	O
shake	O
-	O
up	O
at	O
American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
.	O


Let	O
's	O
turn	O
to	O
Gregg	B-PERSON
Clarkin	I-PERSON
who	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
in	O
Texas	B-GPE
with	O
the	O
very	O
latest	O
.	O


Good	O
evening	O
,	O
Gregg	B-PERSON
.	O


What	O
happened	O
?	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Good	O
evening	O
,	O
Paula	B-PERSON
.	O


A	O
management	O
blunder	O
we	O
heard	O
an	O
awful	O
lot	O
about	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Carty	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
CEO	O
of	O
American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
parent	O
company	O
AMR	B-ORG
has	O
cost	O
Carty	B-PERSON
his	O
job	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
announcing	O
that	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Carty	I-PERSON
is	O
out	O
as	O
CEO	O
.	O


He	O
'll	O
be	O
replaced	O
by	O
Gerald	B-PERSON
Aftery	I-PERSON
.	O


Carty	B-PERSON
,	O
if	O
you	O
recall	O
has	O
been	O
pressuring	O
unions	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
to	O
accept	O
steep	O
pay	O
cuts	O
,	O
cutting	O
back	O
their	O
vacation	O
time	O
and	O
holiday	O
pay	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
saying	O
the	O
company	O
needed	O
these	O
concessions	O
at	O
bankruptcy	O
court	O
.	O


No	O
sooner	O
did	O
the	O
unions	O
agree	O
to	O
these	O
concessions	O
than	O
it	O
became	O
known	O
that	O
Carty	B-PERSON
and	O
some	O
of	O
his	O
top	O
executives	O
had	O
been	O
given	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
a	O
package	O
of	O
perks	O
,	O
perks	O
that	O
included	O
a	O
trust	O
fund	O
to	O
protect	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
pensions	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
a	O
bankruptcy	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
retention	O
bonuses	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
unions	O
learned	O
of	O
that	O
they	O
became	O
outraged	O
and	O
said	O
confidence	O
and	O
trust	O
in	O
Carty	B-PERSON
was	O
damaged	O
without	O
repair	O
.	O


Carty	B-PERSON
is	O
out	O
as	O
CEO	O
of	O
AMR	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
parent	O
of	O
American	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
largest	O
airline	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
other	O
topic	O
still	O
to	O
be	O
decided	O
,	O
bankruptcy	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
saying	O
if	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
the	O
flight	O
attendants	O
to	O
concede	O
to	O
a	O
special	O
offer	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
indeed	O
file	O
for	O
bankruptcy	O
.	O


Back	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


The	O
chief	O
executive	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
largest	O
airline	O
has	O
resigned	O
,	O
not	O
a	O
completely	O
unexpected	O
move	O
because	O
several	O
board	O
members	O
talked	O
about	O
wanting	O
him	O
to	O
leave	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
move	O
on	O
to	O
other	O
material	O
now	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
reporting	O
,	O
nobody	O
seems	O
to	O
know	O
for	O
sure	O
if	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
is	O
dead	O
or	O
alive	O
.	O


Whatever	O
his	O
fate	O
,	O
he	O
left	O
behind	O
some	O
videos	O
,	O
home	O
videos	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
.	O


Bruce	B-PERSON
Burkhart	I-PERSON
has	O
taken	O
a	O
look	O
and	O
he	O
says	O
they	O
show	O
a	O
very	O
different	O
side	O
of	O
a	O
former	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
ruler	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Who	O
was	O
that	O
nice	O
man	O
strolling	O
with	O
his	O
wife	O
?	O


Yes	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
him	O
,	O
the	O
cruel	O
and	O
ruthless	O
Iraqi	O
dictator	O
,	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
.	O


All	O
warm	O
,	O
fuzzy	O
.	O


Romanticly	O
strolling	O
with	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
wife	O
on	O
a	O
snowy	O
path	O
.	O


Trendy	O
leather	O
coat	O
,	O
furry	O
hat	O
.	O


Gently	O
kissing	O
her	O
good-bye	O
like	O
a	O
good	O
husband	O
at	O
the	O
now	O
famous	O
Saddam	B-FAC
Hussein	I-FAC
International	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
.	O


Tailored	O
suit	O
.	O


Shyly	O
a	O
modest	O
cake	O
for	O
his	O
50th	B-ORDINAL
birthday	O
.	O


Happily	O
chatting	O
with	O
peasants	O
behind	O
the	O
wheel	O
of	O
his	O
white	O
Mercedes	B-ORG
.	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
episode	O
of	O
Joe	B-WORK_OF_ART
Dictator	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
or	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
version	O
of	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Lifestyles	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Rich	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Famous	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


These	O
are	O
videotapes	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
'80s	I-DATE
found	O
in	O
a	O
palace	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
first	B-ORDINAL
wife	O
.	O


Bizarre	O
imagery	O
almost	O
surreal	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
reminder	O
that	O
even	O
brutal	O
dictators	O
have	O
a	O
private	O
--	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
Southwest	B-ORG
Airline	I-ORG
pilots	O
were	O
reportedly	O
fired	O
for	O
stripping	O
down	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
n't	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
security	O
check	O
.	O


``	B-ORG
USA	I-ORG
Today	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
says	O
the	O
pilots	O
were	O
dismissed	O
for	O
allegedly	O
taking	O
off	O
all	O
or	O
most	O
of	O
their	O
clothes	O
in	O
the	O
cockpit	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
make	O
that	O
distinction	O
there	O
.	O


The	O
pilots	O
are	O
calling	O
the	O
incident	O
a	O
misunderstanding	O
and	O
appealing	O
their	O
termination	O
.	O


Tariq	B-PERSON
Aziz	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
son	O
Ziad	B-PERSON
looks	O
worried	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
willing	O
to	O
talk	O
with	O
us	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
be	O
interviewed	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
explains	O
how	O
his	O
father	O
negotiated	O
his	O
surrender	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
night	O
-	O
time	O
handover	O
was	O
dignified	O
,	O
that	O
U.S.	B-GPE
forces	O
offered	O
medical	O
support	O
for	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
heart	O
condition	O
,	O
that	O
has	O
caused	O
two	B-CARDINAL
heart	O
attacks	O
recently	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
when	O
to	O
expect	O
him	O
back	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
been	O
told	O
he	O
faces	O
lots	O
of	O
questions	O
.	O


Outside	O
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
troops	O
provide	O
occasional	O
protection	O
.	O


Nearby	O
,	O
a	O
neighbor	O
hopes	O
all	O
will	O
be	O
well	O
.	O


Another	O
neighbor	O
comes	O
to	O
our	O
car	O
to	O
give	O
his	O
opinion	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
normal	O
person	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
a	O
good	O
neighbor	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
bad	O
politician	O
.	O


At	O
their	O
nearby	O
store	O
,	O
they	O
prepare	O
to	O
open	O
for	O
their	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
business	O
since	O
the	O
war	O
.	O


Aziz	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
politician	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
others	O
Americans	B-NORP
have	O
problems	O
with	O
.	O


Maybe	O
he	O
gives	O
us	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
missing	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
perhaps	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
.	O


Further	O
down	O
the	O
road	O
,	O
these	O
men	O
wait	O
for	O
a	O
ride	O
.	O


Neither	O
have	O
anything	O
bad	O
to	O
say	O
about	O
Aziz	B-PERSON
.	O


We	O
call	O
him	O
Mr.	O
Aziz	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
I	O
'm	O
proud	O
of	O
him	O
,	O
says	O
this	O
former	O
traffic	O
cop	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
cultured	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
wish	O
someone	O
like	O
him	O
rules	O
us	O
.	O


His	O
friend	O
adds	O
,	O
if	O
all	O
the	O
leaders	O
stayed	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
then	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
will	O
catch	O
them	O
.	O


Across	O
town	O
in	O
a	O
less	O
affluent	O
neighborhood	O
,	O
reactions	O
to	O
Aziz	B-PERSON
's	O
arrest	O
are	O
profoundly	O
different	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
hear	O
about	O
it	O
,	O
explains	O
this	O
man	O
,	O
because	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
electricity	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
explained	O
the	O
news	O
to	O
the	O
crowd	O
,	O
a	O
bystander	O
steps	O
forward	O
.	O


America	B-GPE
is	O
playing	O
a	O
trick	O
on	O
us	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Where	O
is	O
our	O
government	O
and	O
our	O
security	O
?	O


At	O
the	O
pickle	O
store	O
,	O
passions	O
are	O
enflamed	O
by	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
services	O
.	O


Aziz	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
war	O
criminal	O
says	O
Ahmed	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
should	O
get	O
the	O
death	O
penalty	O
,	O
just	O
like	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
,	O
60	B-CARDINAL
times	O
over	O
.	O


We	O
give	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
to	O
get	O
things	O
right	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
going	O
on	O
to	O
explain	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
fight	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
biggest	O
problem	O
Tariq	B-PERSON
Aziz	I-PERSON
'	I-PERSON
family	O
says	O
they	O
now	O
face	O
is	O
that	O
Aziz	B-PERSON
is	O
now	O
safely	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
custody	O
,	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
safe	O
they	O
are	O
out	O
on	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
's	O
streets	O
.	O


Nic	B-PERSON
Robertson	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Abraham	I-PRODUCT
Lincoln	I-PRODUCT
,	O
''	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
guided	O
missile	O
destroyer	O
.	O


They	O
fired	O
off	O
50	B-CARDINAL
Tomahawk	B-PRODUCT
missiles	O
during	O
``	B-EVENT
Operation	I-EVENT
Iraqi	I-EVENT
Freedom	I-EVENT
.	O
''	O


You	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
this	O
ship	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
mission	O
that	O
it	O
took	O
part	O
in	O
was	O
the	O
operations	O
before	O
the	O
fall	O
of	O
the	B-PERSON
Saddam	I-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
regime	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
out	O
there	O
taking	O
down	O
illegal	O
smugglers	O
and	O
going	O
out	O
and	O
boarding	O
the	O
ships	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
also	O
,	O
this	O
ship	O
played	O
an	O
important	O
part	O
within	O
the	O
war	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
radar	O
system	O
.	O


It	O
could	O
detect	O
objects	O
smaller	O
than	O
a	O
honey	O
bee	O
.	O


What	O
does	O
that	O
mean	O
?	O


It	O
can	O
detect	O
enemy	O
radar	O
or	O
missiles	O
and	O
destroy	O
them	O
instantly	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
a	O
big	O
part	O
in	O
``	O
Operation	B-EVENT
Iraqi	I-EVENT
Freedom	I-EVENT
.	O
''	O


You	O
are	O
seeing	O
the	O
pictures	O
.	O


Everybody	O
is	O
home	O
.	O


Friends	O
and	O
family	O
connecting	O
.	O


Have	O
n't	O
seen	O
each	O
other	O
in	O
almost	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
now	O
.	O


14	B-CARDINAL
fathers	O
have	O
not	O
seen	O
their	O
babies	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
reunited	O
with	O
their	O
families	O
.	O


We	O
got	O
to	O
meet	O
up	O
with	O
one	B-CARDINAL
such	O
family	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
show	O
you	O
pictures	O
of	O
the	O
Galetta	B-PERSON
family	O
.	O


Katie	B-PERSON
was	O
born	O
on	O
Christmas	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
her	O
father	O
got	O
to	O
hold	O
her	O
and	O
look	O
in	O
her	O
eyes	O
since	O
he	O
came	O
back	O
from	O
``	O
Operation	B-EVENT
Iraqi	I-EVENT
Freedom	I-EVENT
.	O
''	O


130	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
really	O
excited	O
to	O
be	O
home	O
back	O
on	O
land	O
after	O
being	O
at	O
sea	O
for	O
nearly	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
carrying	O
out	O
``	O
Operation	B-EVENT
Iraqi	I-EVENT
Freedom	I-EVENT
.	O
''	O


Some	O
remarkable	O
stories	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
looking	O
at	O
now	O
,	O
a	O
sailor	O
seeing	O
his	O
baby	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
just	O
remarkable	O
.	O


Kyra	B-PERSON
Phillips	I-PERSON
,	O
we	O
appreciate	O
you	O
bringing	O
it	O
to	O
us	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


An	O
international	O
tourist	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
did	O
most	O
of	O
his	O
sight	O
seeing	O
inside	O
a	O
hospital	O
.	O


Health	O
officials	O
say	O
they	O
had	O
to	O
forcibly	O
detain	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
exhibited	O
possible	O
SARS	O
symptoms	O
.	O


Officials	O
say	O
the	O
unnamed	O
tourist	O
had	O
Knicks	B-ORG
tickets	O
and	O
was	O
determined	O
to	O
use	O
them	O
.	O


Here	O
are	O
some	O
numbers	O
to	O
put	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	O
in	O
perspective	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Across	O
the	O
globe	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
almost	O
5,000	O
documented	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	O
in	O
27	B-CARDINAL
different	O
countries	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
country	O
where	O
SARS	O
originated	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
hardest	O
hit	O
,	O
with	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
cases	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
deaths	O
.	O


Here	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
however	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
no	O
deaths	O
among	O
the	O
41	O
probable	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	O
.	O


17	B-CARDINAL
states	O
have	O
probable	O
cases	O
while	O
another	O
21	B-CARDINAL
states	O
have	O
suspected	O
cases	O
,	O
but	O
just	O
to	O
put	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
SARS	O
in	O
perspective	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
284	B-CARDINAL
people	O
died	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
from	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
Nile	I-LOC
virus	O
while	O
36,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
die	O
every	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
from	O
the	O
flu	O
.	O


Another	O
six	B-CARDINAL
executives	O
from	O
Enron	B-ORG
could	O
be	O
charged	O
with	O
securities	O
fraud	O
and	O
other	O
crimes	O
.	O


Federal	O
prosecutors	O
notified	O
the	O
former	O
employees	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
face	O
charges	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


They	O
would	O
join	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
other	O
executives	O
already	O
charged	O
.	O


Abe	O
our	O
Enron	B-ORG
corporate	O
America	B-GPE
score	O
board	O
sets	O
50	B-CARDINAL
executives	O
now	O
charged	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
,	O
as	O
I	O
said	O
,	O
at	O
Enron	B-ORG
.	O


No	O
one	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
sent	O
to	O
prison	O
.	O


Been	O
511	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
since	O
Enron	B-ORG
filed	O
for	O
bankruptcies	O
.	O


As	O
Bob	B-PERSON
pointed	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
next	O
battleground	O
is	O
a	O
bill	O
to	O
block	O
lawsuits	O
by	O
victims	O
of	O
gun	O
violence	O
or	O
families	O
against	O
gunmakers	O
and	O
dealers	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
person	O
whose	O
suit	O
would	O
be	O
blocked	O
is	O
Denise	B-PERSON
Johnson	I-PERSON
if	O
the	O
legislation	O
goes	O
through	O
,	O
the	O
widow	O
of	O
bus	O
driver	O
Conrad	B-PERSON
Johnson	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
last	O
person	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
D.C.	B-GPE
sniper	O
attacks	O
.	O


Jonathan	B-PERSON
Lowe	I-PERSON
is	O
an	O
attorney	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Brady	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
to	I-ORG
Prevent	I-ORG
Gun	I-ORG
Violence	I-ORG
who	O
filed	O
the	O
suit	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
Johnson	B-PERSON
and	O
other	O
victims	O
'	O
families	O
.	O


Good	O
of	O
you	O
to	O
join	O
us	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
talk	O
about	O
what	O
Ms.	O
Johnson	B-PERSON
wrote	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
``	I-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
today	B-DATE
.	O


We	O
'll	O
put	O
a	O
small	O
part	O
of	O
that	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
screen	O
right	O
now	O
where	O
she	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
confident	O
that	O
the	O
criminal	O
justice	O
system	O
will	O
work	O
to	O
punish	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
killed	O
my	O
husband	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
civil	O
justice	O
system	O
must	O
also	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
work	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
share	O
responsibility	O
for	O
my	O
husband	O
's	O
death	O
must	O
also	O
be	O
held	O
accountable	O
.	O
''	O


What	O
does	O
she	O
mean	O
?	O


The	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
crossroads	O
that	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
relation	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
direction	O
.	O


Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
backed	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Mazen	I-PERSON
as	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
.	O


A	O
first	O
step	O
he	O
says	O
toward	O
peace	O
with	O
Israel	O
.	O


Now	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leaders	O
must	O
vote	O
on	O
whether	O
to	O
September	B-DATE
24	B-CARDINAL
-	O
member	O
cabinet	O
that	O
Mazen	B-PERSON
is	O
presenting	O
.	O


Kelly	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
is	O
standing	O
by	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
the	O
latest	O
?	O


Coalition	O
forces	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
have	O
captured	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
a	O
terrorist	O
group	O
with	O
links	O
to	O
al	B-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
.	O


Sources	O
tell	O
our	O
national	O
security	O
correspondent	O
,	O
David	B-PERSON
Ensor	I-PERSON
,	O
that	O
the	O
terrorist	O
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
a	O
group	O
operating	O
in	O
the	O
west	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


That	O
group	O
is	O
led	O
by	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Musab	I-PERSON
Zarqawi	I-PERSON
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
believe	O
Zarqawi	B-PERSON
planned	O
the	O
assassination	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
diplomat	O
Lawrence	B-PERSON
Foley	I-PERSON
in	O
Jordan	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
.	O


Coalition	O
forces	O
also	O
said	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
former	O
Oil	O
Minister	O
has	O
surrendered	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
an	O
expert	O
on	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
missile	O
systems	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


The	O
former	O
minister	O
,	O
the	O
6	B-CARDINAL
of	O
spades	O
in	O
the	O
deck	O
of	O
cards	O
,	O
showing	O
the	O
most	O
wanted	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
regime	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
married	O
to	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
microbiologist	O
known	O
as	O
Dr.	B-PERSON
Germ	I-PERSON
.	O


She	O
was	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
facility	O
that	O
weaponized	O
anthrax	O
.	O


The	O
former	O
governor	O
of	O
Basra	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
also	O
surrendered	O
to	O
coalition	O
forces	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
was	O
the	O
8	B-CARDINAL
of	O
clubs	O
.	O


Another	O
story	O
in	O
the	B-TIME
1:00	I-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
in	O
Canada	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
top	O
story	O
there	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
announced	O
it	O
is	O
lifting	O
its	O
advisory	O
against	O
travel	O
to	O
Toronto	B-GPE
because	O
of	O
fear	O
of	O
SARS	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
20	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
since	O
the	O
last	O
cases	O
of	O
locally	O
transmitted	O
SARS	O
in	O
Toronto	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
no	O
new	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	O
exported	O
out	O
of	O
Toronto	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
WHO	B-ORG
says	O
SARS	O
advisories	O
against	O
travel	O
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
provences	O
will	O
remain	O
in	O
effect	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
has	O
more	O
SARS	O
cases	O
than	O
any	O
country	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


3303	B-CARDINAL
by	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
count	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
more	O
than	O
twice	O
as	O
many	O
as	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
which	O
ranks	O
second	B-ORDINAL
.	O


Colorado	B-GPE
woman	O
wants	O
to	O
thank	O
and	O
reward	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
found	O
her	O
$	O
7,000	B-MONEY
ring	O
she	O
lost	O
at	O
the	O
beach	O
.	O


Tony	B-PERSON
Kurran	I-PERSON
had	O
lost	O
the	O
ring	O
her	O
husband	O
had	O
given	O
her	O
and	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
ring	O
was	O
wrapped	O
in	O
a	O
letter	O
written	O
in	O
green	O
pencil	O
at	O
the	O
police	O
department	O
.	O


he	O
said	O
he	O
found	O
the	O
ring	O
,	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
his	O
mother	O
as	O
a	O
present	O
.	O


Touching	O
.	O


What	O
he	O
did	O
right	O
was	O
give	O
it	O
back	O
?	O


I	O
got	O
lost	O
.	O


He	O
felt	O
bad	O
because	O
?	O


I	O
'll	O
give	O
you	O
a	O
written	O
copy	O
.	O


A	O
quiz	O
?	O


The	O
copy	O
does	O
exist	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
getting	O
developing	O
news	O
on	O
this	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
situation	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
getting	O
word	O
that	O
U.S.	B-GPE
ambassador	O
to	O
Israel	O
has	O
delivered	O
the	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
road	O
map	O
for	O
peace	O
to	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
.	O


In	O
part	O
,	O
it	O
declares	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
state	O
working	O
towards	O
that	O
end	O
and	O
within	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2005	I-DATE
.	O


You	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
hear	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
talk	O
about	O
this	O
later	O
today	O
and	O
throughout	O
the	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
on	O
CNN	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
other	O
thing	O
we	O
're	O
watching	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
take	O
you	O
live	O
to	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
inside	O
what	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
the	B-FAC
Saddam	I-FAC
Hussein	I-FAC
International	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
,	O
now	O
named	O
the	B-FAC
Baghdad	I-FAC
International	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
.	O


We	O
anticipate	O
in	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
moments	O
,	O
the	O
Secretary	O
of	O
Defense	B-ORG
,	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Rumsfeld	I-PERSON
,	O
to	O
arrive	O
inside	O
of	O
this	O
hangar	O
and	O
we	O
'll	O
carry	O
his	O
speech	O
live	O
when	O
that	O
gets	O
underway	O
.	O


Captions	O
by	O
VITAC	B-ORG
--	O
www.vitac.com	O
.	O


Just	O
because	O
a	O
toothbrush	O
is	O
electric	O
,	O
does	O
n't	O
mean	O
it	O
works	O
like	O
a	O
Sonicare	B-PRODUCT
.	O


It	O
has	O
patented	O
R	O
Sonic	O
--	O


Senators	O
and	O
a	O
good	O
teacher	O
believes	O
in	O
the	O
possibilities	O
of	O
every	O
boy	O
and	O
girl	O
.	O


The	O
good	O
teacher	O
sees	O
what	O
is	O
possible	O
.	O


A	O
good	O
teacher	O
believes	O
in	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
every	O
school	O
to	O
bring	O
out	O
the	O
best	O
in	O
every	O
student	O
,	O
and	O
2001	O
,	O
we	O
passed	O
what	O
's	O
called	O
the	O
No	B-LAW
Child	I-LAW
Left	I-LAW
Behind	I-LAW
legislation	O
.	O


I	O
love	O
that	O
phrase	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
commitment	O
of	O
our	O
nation	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
not	O
only	O
does	O
every	O
child	O
excel	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
child	O
gets	O
left	O
behind	O
.	O


Members	O
of	O
both	O
parties	O
,	O
both	O
Republicans	B-NORP
and	O
Democrats	B-NORP
came	O
together	O
to	O
pass	O
this	O
law	O
.	O


Inherent	O
in	O
the	O
law	O
is	O
the	O
vision	O
of	O
high	O
standards	O
,	O
and	O
money	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
standards	O
.	O


An	O
historic	O
reforms	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
which	O
put	O
the	O
education	O
decisions	O
of	O
America	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
teachers	O
and	O
principals	O
and	O
local	O
officials	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
also	O
said	O
that	O
as	O
we	O
seek	O
excellence	O
for	O
every	O
child	O
,	O
we	O
must	O
design	O
accountability	O
systems	O
at	O
the	O
state	O
level	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
each	O
child	O
is	O
learning	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
no	O
child	O
gets	O
left	O
behind	O
,	O
we	O
must	O
understand	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
each	O
child	O
is	O
learning	O
to	O
read	O
and	O
write	O
and	O
add	O
and	O
subtract	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
are	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
plenty	O
of	O
praise	O
.	O


If	O
not	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
work	O
to	O
design	O
programs	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
no	O
child	O
gets	O
left	O
behind	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
crux	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


Every	O
state	O
met	O
the	O
law	O
's	O
January	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
deadline	O
for	O
submitting	O
their	O
accountability	O
plans	O
for	O
approval	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
pleased	O
to	O
announce	O
that	O
Secretary	O
Page	B-PERSON
has	O
approved	O
plans	O
from	O
Arkansas	B-GPE
,	O
Missouri	B-GPE
and	O
Washington	B-GPE
State	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
bring	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
approved	O
plans	O
to	O
16	O
covering	O
16	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
children	O
in	O
public	O
schools	O
across	O
America	B-GPE
.	O


Secretary	O
Page	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
department	O
will	O
continue	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
states	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
plans	O
approved	O
as	O
quickly	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


People	O
are	O
responding	O
to	O
the	O
challenge	O
at	O
the	O
local	O
level	O
.	O


People	O
are	O
beginning	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
accountability	O
systems	O
to	O
show	O
your	O
states	O
and	O
your	O
communities	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
doing	O
your	O
job	O
,	O
leaving	O
no	O
doubt	O
in	O
the	O
minds	O
of	O
the	O
parents	O
and	O
taxpayers	O
and	O
citizens	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
whom	O
praise	O
public	O
schools	O
,	O
some	O
are	O
critical	O
of	O
public	O
schools	O
,	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
performing	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
understand	O
why	O
you	O
're	O
here	O
being	O
honored	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
D.C.	B-GPE
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
54	B-CARDINAL
teachers	O
around	O
our	O
country	O
.	O


Education	O
reform	O
depends	O
on	O
good	O
laws	O
and	O
good	O
plans	O
but	O
you	O
and	O
I	O
know	O
it	O
ultimately	O
depends	O
on	O
good	O
teachers	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
June	I-DATE
states	O
submitted	O
to	O
the	O
department	O
of	O
education	O
strategies	O
for	O
ensuring	O
that	O
all	O
teachers	O
are	O
highly	O
qualified	O
.	O


By	O
this	B-DATE
September	I-DATE
,	O
states	O
will	O
assess	O
the	O
programs	O
they	O
expect	O
to	O
make	O
by	O
2005	B-DATE
and	O
2006	B-DATE
school	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
department	O
is	O
working	O
with	O
states	O
to	O
help	O
teachers	O
meet	O
new	O
definitions	O
of	O
teacher	O
quality	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
every	O
classroom	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
trained	O
highly	O
effective	O
teacher	O
like	O
you	O
all	O
.	O


Our	O
2003	B-DATE
National	O
Teacher	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
Year	I-DATE
is	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
highest	O
professional	O
standards	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
finest	O
personal	O
qualities	O
.	O


Betsy	B-PERSON
Rogers	I-PERSON
teaches	O
first	B-ORDINAL
and	O
second	B-ORDINAL
grade	O
students	O
and	O
leads	O
Alabama	B-GPE
.	O


She	O
is	O
an	O
accomplished	O
teacher	O
with	O
22	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
profession	O
.	O


She	O
could	O
have	O
her	O
pick	O
of	O
any	O
school	O
,	O
yet	O
she	O
chooses	O
to	O
teach	O
in	O
the	O
school	O
in	O
an	O
underprivileged	O
rural	O
area	O
because	O
she	O
believes	O
that	O
devoted	O
teachers	O
and	O
principals	O
can	O
make	O
a	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
students	O
from	O
every	O
background	O
.	O


Teaching	O
is	O
a	O
tradition	O
in	O
Betsy	B-PERSON
's	O
family	O
.	O


Her	O
grandmother	O
was	O
a	O
teacher	O
.	O


Her	O
mother	O
taught	O
Sunday	B-DATE
School	O
for	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
her	O
own	O
career	O
Betsy	B-PERSON
Rogers	I-PERSON
is	O
known	O
for	O
a	O
commitment	O
to	O
students	O
that	O
goes	O
beyond	O
school	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


She	O
gives	O
before	O
-	O
school	O
tutoring	O
to	O
students	O
who	O
need	O
extra	O
help	O
learning	O
to	O
read	O
,	O
and	O
volunteers	O
on	O
school	O
committees	O
after	O
hours	O
.	O


She	O
attends	O
sporting	O
events	O
and	O
birthday	O
parties	O
for	O
her	O
students	O
.	O


She	O
helps	O
the	O
familiar	O
list	O
of	O
disadvantaged	O
students	O
through	O
local	O
church	O
and	O
community	O
groups	O
.	O


Betsy	B-PERSON
also	O
encourages	O
her	O
students	O
to	O
help	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


No	O
matter	O
what	O
your	O
circumstances	O
in	O
life	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
always	O
give	O
.	O


Teachers	O
like	O
Betsy	B-PERSON
Rogers	I-PERSON
put	O
children	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
to	O
becoming	O
good	O
citizens	O
,	O
as	O
importantly	O
,	O
successful	O
adults	O
.	O


They	O
show	O
students	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
caring	O
people	O
ready	O
to	O
help	O
along	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


I	O
thank	O
every	O
one	O
of	O
our	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
for	O
your	O
determination	O
and	O
your	O
love	O
.	O


Each	O
of	O
you	O
is	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
excellence	O
in	O
the	O
classroom	O
.	O


Each	O
of	O
you	O
is	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
a	O
young	O
teacher	O
to	O
follow	O
,	O
and	O
your	O
students	O
are	O
fortunate	O
to	O
have	O
talented	O
and	O
good	O
-	O
hearted	O
people	O
in	O
their	O
lives	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
nation	O
is	O
fortunate	O
to	O
have	O
you	O
in	O
the	O
classroom	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
your	O
work	O
.	O


May	O
God	B-PERSON
bless	O
what	O
you	O
do	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
I	O
'm	O
pleased	O
to	O
introduce	O
the	O
National	O
Teacher	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
Year	I-DATE
Betsy	B-PERSON
Rogers	I-PERSON
.	O


Applause	O


It	O
's	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
April	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2003	I-DATE
.	O


Hello	O
from	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
Blitzer	I-PERSON
reporting	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
following	O
several	O
major	O
developments	O
right	O
now	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
then	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
now	O
.	O


20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
meeting	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
Defense	B-ORG
Secretary	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Rumsfeld	I-PERSON
is	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
capital	O
with	O
victorious	O
U.S.	B-GPE
troops	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
're	O
looking	O
at	O
a	O
live	O
picture	O
from	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Abraham	I-PRODUCT
Lincoln	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
on	O
its	O
way	O
back	O
from	O
war	O
.	O


From	O
its	O
flight	O
deck	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
will	O
make	O
a	O
major	O
announcement	O
to	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
tomorrow	O
night	O
on	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
major	O
combat	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Right	O
now	O
we	O
're	O
also	O
waiting	O
to	O
hear	O
from	O
the	O
President	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
.	O


We	O
'll	O
bring	O
you	O
his	O
comments	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
we	O
get	O
them	O
and	O
we	O
'll	O
get	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
that	O
shortly	O
,	O
but	O
first	O
,	O
a	O
move	O
by	O
the	O
President	O
today	B-DATE
designed	O
to	O
save	O
children	O
's	O
lives	O
and	O
among	O
his	O
guests	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
Rose	I-FAC
Garden	I-FAC
,	O
Elizabeth	B-PERSON
Smart	I-PERSON
.	O


Here	O
's	O
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
justice	O
correspondent	O
Kelli	B-PERSON
Arena	I-PERSON
.	O


She	O
is	O
joining	O
us	O
live	O
.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
.	O


Check	O
in	O
with	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Cafferty	I-PERSON
as	O
we	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
fountains	O
outside	O
of	O
time	O
answer	O
life	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
road	O
map	O
to	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
peace	O
and	O
ran	O
a	O
footage	O
about	O
the	O
chicken	O
and	O
these	O
dogs	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
the	O
picture	O
.	O


The	O
golden	O
retrieverr	O
on	O
the	O
left	O
had	O
a	O
litter	O
of	O
pups	O
and	O
the	O
chicken	O
got	O
in	O
the	O
pen	O
.	O


A	O
real	O
story	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
all	O
hanging	O
out	O
.	O


It	O
looks	O
as	O
though	O
the	O
puppies	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
shots	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
lunch	O
from	O
the	O
chicken	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
doing	O
,	O
jack	B-PERSON
!	O


We	O
got	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
e-mails	O
to	O
us	O
on	O
the	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
Coast	I-LOC
who	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
about	O
the	O
farm	O
.	O


The	O
answer	O
is	O
apparently	O
,	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
nurse	O
a	O
chicken	O
.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
.	O


There	O
you	O
go	O
.	O


The	O
question	O
should	O
be	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
chicken	O
getting	O
out	O
of	O
this	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
there	O
.	O


I.K.	B-PERSON
in	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
a	O
biology	O
teacher	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
without	O
hesitation	O
,	O
a	O
chicken	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
nursed	O
.	O


Only	O
mammals	O
that	O
have	O
distinct	O
biological	O
feature	O
.	O


Chickens	O
are	O
also	O
devoid	O
of	O
hen	O
's	O
teeth	O
,	O
much	O
to	O
the	O
satisfaction	O
of	O
those	O
little	O
puppies	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
--	O
city	O
people	O
?	O


No	O
.	O


Our	O
viewers	O
are	O
nice	O
,	O
not	O
nasty	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
the	O
explanation	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
real	O
deal	O
.	O


Any	O
farm	O
kid	O
knows	O
that	O
certain	O
animals	O
can	O
not	O
see	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
they	O
're	O
born	O
,	O
including	O
puppies	O
.	O


The	O
puppies	O
try	O
to	O
nurse	O
the	O
chicken	O
hen	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
that	O
by	O
feel	O
,	O
not	O
sight	O
.	O


A	O
chicken	O
hen	O
is	O
warm	O
and	O
comfortable	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
try	O
their	O
luck	O
and	O
eventually	O
feel	O
their	O
way	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
mother	O
dog	O
where	O
things	O
work	O
out	O
better	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
so	O
glad	O
that	O
's	O
cleared	O
up	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
get	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
--	O


Letdownch	O
at	O
the	O
helm	O
came	O
in	O
on	O
final	O
to	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Abraham	I-PRODUCT
Lincoln	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
and	O
landed	O
hitting	O
the	O
fore	O
wire	O
,	O
a	O
safe	O
trap	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
12,675	B-CARDINAL
takeoffs	O
and	O
traps	O
that	O
have	O
taken	O
place	O
aboard	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Abraham	I-PRODUCT
Lincoln	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
during	O
this	O
10	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
long	O
deployment	O
,	O
the	O
longest	O
deployment	O
of	O
an	O
aircraft	O
carrier	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
since	O
the	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
era	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
President	O
came	O
aboard	O
,	O
he	O
then	O
spent	O
a	O
considerable	O
amount	O
of	O
time	O
talking	O
to	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
young	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
on	O
the	O
flight	O
deck	O
,	O
taking	O
photographs	O
with	O
them	O
,	O
still	O
wearing	O
his	O
flight	O
suit	O
throughout	O
much	O
of	O
that	O
period	O
,	O
talking	O
to	O
them	O
and	O
again	O
this	O
evening	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
be	O
issuing	O
a	O
major	O
address	O
to	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
regarding	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
major	O
combat	O
operation	O
.	O


White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
aides	O
calling	O
it	O
an	O
important	O
moment	O
.	O


after	O
landing	O
and	O
taking	O
a	O
brief	O
tour	O
of	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
ship	O
,	O
he	O
also	O
went	O
out	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
flight	O
deck	O
and	O
observed	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
flight	O
operations	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
F	O
aircraft	O
that	O
are	O
now	O
leaving	O
these	O
aircraft	O
,	O
headed	O
to	O
Lamore	O
after	O
this	O
10	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
long	O
deployment	O
.	O


Wolf	B-PERSON
?	O


When	O
we	O
come	O
back	O
,	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
has	O
not	O
claimed	O
victory	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
but	O
what	O
about	O
the	O
tournament	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
?	O


Jack	B-PERSON
has	O
that	O
when	O
we	O
come	O
back	O
here	O
on	O
``	O
American	B-WORK_OF_ART
Morning	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Real	O
people	O
,	O
real	O
results	O
,	O
in	O
six	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
a	O
whole	O
new	O
person	O
.	O


In	O
just	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
lost	O
20	B-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
,	O
which	O
is	O
just	O
fantastic	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
lost	O
5	B-QUANTITY
inches	I-QUANTITY
around	O
my	O
tummy	O
.	O


In	O
six	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
lost	O
19	B-QUANTITY
1	I-QUANTITY
/	I-QUANTITY
2	I-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Call	O
now	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
free	O
video	O
that	O
tells	O
you	O
all	O
about	O
the	O
home	O
gym	O
that	O
guarantees	O
real	O
results	O
for	O
real	O
people	O
just	O
like	O
you	O
.	O


Bowflex	B-PRODUCT
.	O


Working	O
out	O
with	O
Bowflex	B-PRODUCT
was	O
fun	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
transition	O
from	O
one	O
exercise	O
to	O
another	O
very	O
seamlessly	O
.	O


All	O
it	O
takes	O
is	O
one	O
simple	O
workout	O
.	O


I	O
like	O
the	O
leg	O
curls	O
.	O


You	O
could	O
just	O
really	O
feel	O
you	O
're	O
working	O
the	O
backs	O
of	O
your	O
legs	O
.	O


Everything	O
has	O
surprised	O
me	O
,	O
the	O
way	O
I	O
look	O
,	O
the	O
way	O
I	O
feel	O
.	O


I	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
could	O
take	O
on	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
gr-r-r	O
.	O


Call	O
to	O
get	O
your	O
free	O
video	O
and	O
brochure	O
and	O
check	O
out	O
the	O
entire	O
Bowflex	B-PRODUCT
lineup	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
--	O


If	O
there	O
was	O
any	O
question	O
about	O
how	O
the	B-ORG
Dixie	I-ORG
Chicks	I-ORG
would	O
be	O
received	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
answered	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
in	O
part	O
.	O


The	O
band	O
played	O
to	O
about	B-CARDINAL
15,000	I-CARDINAL
in	O
Greenville	B-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
,	O
their	O
first	B-ORDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
concert	O
since	O
their	O
singer	O
Natalie	B-PERSON
Maines	I-PERSON
sparked	O
a	O
controversy	O
when	O
she	O
said	O
she	O
was	O
ashamed	O
the	O
President	O
was	O
from	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Texas	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
are	O
back	O
on	O
stage	O
looking	O
online	O
good	O
.	O


Did	O
you	O
talk	O
about	O
the	B-ORG
Dixie	I-ORG
Chicks	I-ORG
?	O


Nope	O
.	O


he	O
landed	O
on	O
the	O
aircraft	O
carrier	O
at	O
a	O
speed	O
of	O
about	B-QUANTITY
150	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
an	I-QUANTITY
hour	I-QUANTITY
and	O
touched	O
down	O
and	O
came	O
to	O
a	O
stop	O
about	O
the	O
space	O
of	O
a	O
football	O
field	O
.	O


He	O
made	O
a	O
nationally	O
televised	O
address	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
carried	O
on	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
networks	O
and	O
in	O
an	O
event	O
that	O
undoubtedly	O
has	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
a	O
little	O
nauseous	O
this	O
morning	O
,	O
the	O
President	O
took	O
what	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
giant	O
first	B-ORDINAL
step	O
in	O
his	O
reelection	O
campaign	O
.	O


He	O
talked	O
in	O
the	O
speech	O
about	O
the	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
,	O
saying	O
,	O
quote	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
over	O
,	O
yet	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
endless	O
,	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
final	O
victory	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
have	O
seen	O
the	O
turning	O
of	O
the	O
tide	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
the	O
question	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


It	O
's	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
so	O
if	O
that	O
question	O
does	O
n't	O
tickle	O
your	O
fancy	O
,	O
knock	O
yourselves	O
out	O
.	O


Write	O
about	O
anything	O
and	O
we	O
'll	O
pick	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
and	O
read	O
them	O
later	O
.	O


From	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
Tom	B-PERSON
writes	O
,	O
Hey	O
,	O
you	O
guys	O
,	O
Bill	B-PERSON
and	O
Jack	B-PERSON
,	O
lighten	O
up	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
growing	O
number	O
of	O
SARS	O
cases	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
country	O
reported	O
now	O
160	B-CARDINAL
new	O
cases	O
and	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
more	O
deaths	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
no	O
signs	O
that	O
this	O
infection	O
rate	O
has	O
grown	O
.	O


Beijing	B-GPE
remains	O
the	O
most	O
affected	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
but	O
figures	O
show	O
this	O
disease	O
is	O
also	O
spreading	O
in	O
northern	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


11:00	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
on	O
the	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
Coast	I-LOC
,	O
8:00	O
a.m.	O
on	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
.	O


Leon	B-PERSON
Harris	I-PERSON
checking	O
in	O
here	O
.	O


Up	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
searching	O
for	O
survivors	O
,	O
from	O
deadly	O
tornadoes	O
in	O
the	O
Midwest	B-LOC
and	O
the	O
South	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
path	O
of	O
destruction	O
scratches	O
through	O
Kansas	B-GPE
,	O
Missouri	B-GPE
,	O
Arkansas	B-GPE
and	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
.	O


Cameras	O
captured	O
a	O
tornado	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
in	O
Missouri	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
governor	O
has	O
declared	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
emergency	O
after	O
twisters	O
struck	O
several	O
Western	B-NORP
counties	O
.	O


20	B-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
killed	O
in	O
that	O
state	O
.	O


In	O
Kansas	B-GPE
,	O
authorities	O
say	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
killed	O
when	O
tornadoes	O
cut	O
across	O
the	O
southeastern	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


Several	O
counties	O
have	O
been	O
declared	O
disaster	O
areas	O
there	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
across	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
the	O
storms	O
demolished	O
homes	O
,	O
ripped	O
down	O
power	O
lines	O
,	O
uprooted	O
trees	O
.	O


Search	O
teams	O
looking	O
for	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
still	O
missing	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
sites	O
proving	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
deadly	O
was	O
the	O
law	O
enforcement	O
center	O
in	O
the	O
western	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
city	O
of	O
Jackson	B-GPE
.	O


An	O
emergency	O
official	O
tells	O
CNN	B-ORG
that	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
people	O
died	O
there	O
.	O


Dozens	B-CARDINAL
were	O
hurt	O
.	O


Joining	O
us	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
is	O
the	O
mayor	O
of	O
Jackson	B-GPE
,	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
,	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Farmer	I-PERSON
.	O


Mayor	O
Farmer	B-PERSON
,	O
can	O
you	O
give	O
us	O
the	O
latest	O
on	O
your	O
town	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
an	O
update	O
now	O
on	O
a	O
dramatic	O
story	O
that	O
people	O
everywhere	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
are	O
talking	O
about	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
we	O
told	O
you	O
about	O
Aaron	B-PERSON
Ralston	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
27	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
outdoorsman	O
who	O
amputated	O
his	O
own	O
arm	O
with	O
a	O
pocket	O
knife	O
after	O
spending	O
five	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
pinned	O
by	O
a	O
boulder	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
we	O
're	O
hearing	O
from	O
his	O
parents	O
and	O
they	O
're	O
sharing	O
some	O
thoughts	O
about	O
what	O
he	O
told	O
them	O
about	O
this	O
amazing	O
ordeal	O
.	O


Arthel	B-PERSON
Neville	I-PERSON
is	O
joining	O
us	O
from	O
the	O
CNN	B-ORG
newsroom	O
in	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
with	O
details	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
,	O
if	O
I	O
could	O
update	O
you	O
on	O
Aaron	B-PERSON
's	O
progress	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
he	O
was	O
upgraded	O
to	O
fair	O
condition	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
scheduled	O
to	O
have	O
surgery	O
today	B-DATE
to	O
prepare	O
what	O
remains	O
of	O
his	O
arm	O
for	O
a	O
prosthetic	O
.	O


His	O
ordeal	O
started	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
Saturday	I-DATE
when	O
he	O
was	O
climbing	O
in	O
remote	O
canyons	O
in	O
Utah	B-GPE
alone	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
put	O
his	O
arm	O
into	O
a	O
crack	O
in	O
the	O
canyon	O
wall	O
,	O
an	O
800	B-QUANTITY
pound	I-QUANTITY
boulder	O
shifted	O
,	O
pinning	O
him	O
right	O
there	O
.	O


Now	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
his	O
water	O
ran	O
out	O
and	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
fifth	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
he	O
made	O
the	O
unimaginable	O
decision	O
to	O
amputate	O
his	O
arm	O
below	O
the	O
elbow	O
with	O
a	O
pocket	O
knife	O
.	O


He	O
applied	O
a	O
turn	O
to	O
keep	O
from	O
bleeding	O
to	O
death	O
.	O


He	O
climbed	O
back	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
canyon	O
floor	O
and	O
hiked	O
five	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
before	O
he	O
was	O
found	O
.	O


Then	O
Aaron	B-PERSON
was	O
airlifted	O
to	O
a	O
hospital	O
where	O
he	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
walk	O
in	O
on	O
his	O
own	O
.	O


Now	O
less	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
an	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
ago	I-TIME
,	O
his	O
parents	O
spoke	O
with	O
reporters	O
in	O
Grand	B-GPE
Junction	I-GPE
,	O
Colorado	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
he	O
is	O
being	O
treated	O
.	O


Aaron	B-PERSON
mentioned	O
that	O
as	O
he	O
got	O
near	O
the	O
destination	O
the	O
night	O
before	O
his	O
trek	O
,	O
that	O
he	O
realized	O
he	O
had	O
n't	O
left	O
word	O
and	O
he	O
actually	O
thought	O
about	O
making	O
that	O
call	O
and	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
too	O
late	O
.	O


Immediately	O
when	O
his	O
boss	O
called	O
to	O
say	O
he	O
had	O
not	O
reported	O
for	O
work	O
,	O
immediately	O
I	O
knew	O
something	O
really	O
,	O
really	O
bad	O
was	O
wrong	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
n't	O
until	O
just	B-TIME
a	I-TIME
few	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
after	I-TIME
3:00	I-TIME
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
afternoon	B-TIME
when	O
the	O
call	O
came	O
back	O
again	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
found	O
him	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
alive	O
and	O
all	O
I	O
could	O
say	O
was	O
Thank	O
God	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
from	O
there	O
you	O
all	O
know	O
pretty	O
much	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


By	O
the	O
way	O
this	O
was	O
n't	O
Aron	B-PERSON
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
brush	O
with	O
death	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
he	O
and	O
two	O
friends	O
survived	O
an	O
avalanche	O
in	O
Colorado	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
if	O
you	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
done	O
,	O
well	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
trying	O
to	O
become	O
first	B-ORDINAL
person	O
to	O
climb	O
all	O
the	O
Colorado	B-GPE
mountains	O
higher	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
14,000	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
,	O
and	O
,	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
,	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
alone	O
.	O


Arthel	B-PERSON
Neville	I-PERSON
this	O
is	O
an	O
amazing	O
story	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
sharing	O
with	O
us	O
and	O
our	O
viewers	O
all	O
the	O
latest	O
developments	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
continue	O
to	O
watch	O
his	O
progress	O
.	O


Arthel	B-PERSON
Neville	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
CNN	B-ORG
news	O
room	O
.	O


Our	O
web	O
question	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
is	O
this	O
--	O


We	O
'll	O
have	O
the	O
results	O
immediately	O
when	O
he	O
can	O
woman	O
back	O
.	O


Deal	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
a	O
bachelorette	O
party	O
that	O
wants	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
great	O
hotel	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
money	O
's	O
tight	O
.	O


O	O
shouting	O
deination	O
Orbitz	B-ORG
Wellir	O
.	O


Our	O
new	O
hotel	O
matrix	O
is	O
loaded	O
with	O
options	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
negotiated	O
another	O
Orbitz	B-ORG
saver	O
for	O
a	O
hotel	O
in	O
Miami	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
Hunt	B-PERSON
and	O
Starr	B-PERSON
are	O
there	O
right	O
now	O
.	O


This	O
Orbitz	B-ORG
savehote	O
is	O
amazing	O
.	O


Close	O
to	O
the	O
beach	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
view	O
's	O
magnificent	O
.	O


It	O
certainly	O
is	O
.	O


Our	O
founder	O
here	O
at	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
Ted	B-PERSON
Turner	I-PERSON
,	O
has	O
sold	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
his	O
stake	O
in	O
AOL	B-ORG
Time	I-ORG
Warner	I-ORG
.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
shares	O
and	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


Andy	B-PERSON
Serwer	I-PERSON
's	O
looking	O
into	O
that	O
and	O
the	O
markets	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
're	O
investing	O
,	O
why	O
now	O
?	O


Chitchat	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
Time	I-FAC
Life	I-FAC
Building	I-FAC
here	O
at	O
AOL	B-ORG
and	O
all	O
over	O
Wall	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
,	O
Ted	B-PERSON
Turner	I-PERSON
selling	O
60	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
800	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
stake	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


He	O
opens	O
40	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
plus	I-CARDINAL
now	O
.	O


Question	O
is	O
,	O
Why	O
?	O
Why	O
is	O
he	O
selling	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
at	O
least	O
--	O
hedging	O
his	O
bets	O
by	O
keeping	O
40	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
but	O
basically	O
he	O
's	O
decided	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
is	O
not	O
going	O
where	O
he	O
wants	O
it	O
to	O
go	O
and	O
he	O
's	O
bailing	O
out	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
concern	O
obviously	O
by	O
people	O
who	O
still	O
own	O
the	O
stock	O
.	O


My	O
point	O
about	O
this	O
,	O
if	O
Ted	B-PERSON
Turner	I-PERSON
were	O
so	O
smart	O
and	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
smart	O
guy	O
but	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
sell	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
,	O
okay	O
?	O


He	O
did	O
n't	O
sell	O
at	O
$	O
60	B-MONEY
.	O


Hind	O
sight	O
would	O
have	O
liked	O
to	O
have	O
gotten	O
that	O
.	O


He	O
believed	O
in	O
the	O
merger	O
like	O
most	O
other	O
people	O
did	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
look	O
back	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
from	O
now	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
lost	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
He	O
still	O
had	O
$	B-MONEY
1.7	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
shedding	O
tears	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
have	O
$	B-MONEY
8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


He	O
's	O
left	O
a	O
lot	O
on	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
look	O
back	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
from	O
now	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
stock	O
is	O
either	O
at	O
$	B-MONEY
13	I-MONEY
still	O
or	O
$	B-MONEY
8	I-MONEY
or	O
$	B-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
and	O
say	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
either	O
very	O
smart	O
or	O
not	O
smart	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
still	O
hedging	O
his	O
bet	O
by	O
keeping	O
40	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
stake	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
he	O
's	O
wrong	O
.	O


Me	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


The	O
question	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
an	O
AOL	B-ORG
shareholder	O
sitting	O
at	O
home	O
,	O
hearing	O
this	O
news	O
,	O
Does	O
this	O
set	O
off	O
a	O
few	O
alarms	O
?	O
Will	O
people	O
panic	O
and	O
everybody	O
sell	O
it	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
stock	O
will	O
be	O
weaker	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Again	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
the	O
stock	O
has	O
drifted	O
below	O
$	O
10	B-MONEY
.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
in	O
the	O
neighborhood	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
the	O
thing	O
going	O
down	O
a	O
lot	O
.	O


Interesting	O
point	O
here	O
also	O
,	O
people	O
are	O
suggesting	O
he	O
may	O
be	O
raising	O
this	O
money	O
to	O
buy	O
those	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
sports	O
teams	O
that	O
apparently	O
are	O
on	O
the	O
block	O
.	O


The	O
Braves	B-ORG
and	O
Thrashers	B-ORG
.	O


You	O
really	O
think	O
?	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
.	O


apparently	O
they	O
're	O
for	O
sale	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
see	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
check	O
with	O
Jack	B-PERSON
now	O
.	O


The	O
question	O
of	O
the	O
day	O
,	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Bennet	I-PERSON
?	O


I	O
figure	O
if	O
Turner	B-PERSON
's	O
smarter	O
than	O
I	O
am	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
selling	O
my	O
80	B-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


80	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
.	O


$	O
13	B-MONEY
and	O
change	O
,	O
out	O
.	O


Talking	O
about	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Bennet	I-PERSON
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
leading	O
crusaders	O
for	O
morality	O
author	O
of	O
``	O
Virtues	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
and	O
admits	O
he	O
has	O
a	O
gambling	O
problem	O
.	O


Me	O
.	O


he	O
made	O
the	O
admission	O
after	O
Bennett	B-PERSON
lost	O
up	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
casinos	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
decade	O
.	O


The	O
articles	O
say	O
he	O
won	O
at	O
times	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
$	O
200,000	B-MONEY
lines	O
of	O
credit	O
at	O
several	O
laying	O
casinos	O
.	O


Gambling	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
not	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
vices	O
Bennett	B-PERSON
thinks	O
is	O
undermining	O
American	B-NORP
culture	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
to	O
hear	O
from	O
viewers	O
this	O
morning	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
say	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
stop	O
.	O


News	O
of	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Bennet	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
gambling	O
changed	O
your	O
opinion	O
of	O
him	O
?	O


Many	O
,	O
many	O
responses	O
.	O


Hypocrite	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
word	O
present	O
in	O
many	O
e-mails	O
.	O


Hypocrite	O
.	O


Barbara	B-PERSON
,	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Bennet	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
glam	O
gambling	O
loss	O
changed	O
my	O
opinion	O
.	O


Linda	B-PERSON
writes	O
he	O
can	O
do	O
what	O
he	O
wants	O
with	O
his	O
money	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
he	O
was	O
smarter	O
than	O
that	O
.	O


Lawrence	B-PERSON
in	O
Missouri	B-ORG
,	O
after	O
sitting	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
my	O
TV	O
night	B-TIME
after	O
night	B-TIME
,	O
listening	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
watching	O
every	O
perversion	O
,	O
sin	O
and	O
evil	O
known	O
to	O
man	O
or	O
beast	O
,	O
being	O
glamourized	O
by	O
sitcoms	O
and	O
TV	O
talking	O
heads	O
,	O
imagine	O
my	O
shock	O
in	O
hearing	O
that	B-PERSON
Bill	I-PERSON
Bennet	I-PERSON
being	O
soundly	O
condemned	O
for	O
gambling	O
.	O


Is	O
this	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
morality	O
?	O


Chad	B-PERSON
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
big	O
deal	O
.	O


What	O
have	O
you	O
done	O
wrong	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
?	O


I	O
ai	O
n't	O
telling	O
,	O
Chad	B-PERSON
.	O


David	B-PERSON
says	O
my	O
opinion	O
did	O
not	O
change	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
news	O
.	O
I	O
always	O
thought	O
Bennett	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
louse	O
.	O


Am@cnn.com	O
is	O
the	O
address	O
.	O


Unburden	O
yourself	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
talk	O
more	O
about	O
it	O
with	O
Jeff	B-PERSON
Greenfield	I-PERSON
coming	O
up	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
continue	O
to	O
watch	O
this	O
drama	O
unfold	O
off	O
Key	B-LOC
Largo	I-LOC
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


Let	O
's	O
move	O
on	O
to	O
another	O
important	O
story	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
happened	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
several	O
times	O
during	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
journalists	O
caught	O
in	O
the	O
line	O
of	O
fire	O
and	O
killed	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
are	O
facing	O
a	O
similar	O
situation	O
with	O
two	B-CARDINAL
journalists	O
killed	O
in	O
just	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


Here	O
's	O
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Cly	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Friday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
in	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
and	O
a	O
journalist	O
is	O
about	O
to	O
lose	O
his	O
life	O
.	O


Shortly	O
after	O
several	O
shots	O
are	O
heard	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
bulldozer	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
uncovering	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
say	O
,	O
a	O
tunnel	O
used	O
to	O
smuggle	O
weapons	O
.	O


Moments	O
later	O
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
journalists	O
who	O
were	O
covering	O
that	O
Israeli	B-NORP
action	O
appear	O
,	O
one	O
with	O
TV	O
labeled	O
on	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
a	O
bullet	O
-	O
proof	O
vest	O
,	O
another	O
carrying	O
a	O
white	O
flag	O
.	O


Judging	O
from	O
the	O
videotape	O
,	O
they	O
appear	O
difficult	O
to	O
see	O
in	O
the	O
darkness	O
,	O
and	O
difficult	O
to	O
hear	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
journalists	O
shout	O
,	O
another	O
gunshot	O
.	O


Moments	O
later	O
,	O
another	O
shot	O
and	O
the	O
sound	O
of	O
someone	O
in	O
pain	O
.	O


34	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
British	B-NORP
journalist	O
James	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
died	O
on	O
the	O
scene	O
after	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
came	O
to	O
his	O
aid	O
,	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
defense	O
sources	O
says	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
best	O
known	O
for	O
his	O
work	O
on	O
two	B-CARDINAL
award	O
-	O
winning	O
documentaries	O
which	O
appeared	O
on	O
CNN	B-ORG
exposing	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
rule	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
.	O


Now	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
is	O
calling	O
for	O
an	O
independent	O
investigation	O
.	O


James	B-PERSON
was	O
not	O
shooting	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
not	O
with	O
somebody	O
shooting	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
again	O
,	O
to	O
know	O
exactly	O
what	O
happened	O
we	O
need	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
fledged	O
inquiry	O
.	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
government	O
said	O
its	O
forces	O
were	O
returning	O
fire	O
and	O
that	O
Miller	B-PERSON
was	O
shot	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
,	O
suggesting	O
he	O
could	O
have	O
been	O
hit	O
by	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
gunmen	O
.	O


Those	O
close	O
to	O
Miller	B-PERSON
believe	O
he	O
was	O
shot	O
by	O
an	O
armored	O
Israeli	B-NORP
personnel	O
carrier	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
fired	O
.	O


Whether	O
or	O
not	O
he	O
was	O
shot	O
by	O
Israelis	B-NORP
'	O
gunfire	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
certain	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
.	O


Miller	B-PERSON
becomes	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
journalist	O
in	O
just	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
to	O
be	O
killed	O
covering	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
conflict	O
,	O
with	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
cameramen	O
,	O
shot	O
and	O
killed	O
by	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldier	O
on	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
in	O
mid-April	B-DATE
.	O


With	O
back	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
back	O
deaths	O
making	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
seven	I-CARDINAL
journalists	O
killed	O
covering	O
the	O
conflict	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
is	O
very	O
worrying	O
and	O
I	O
believe	O
the	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
should	O
take	O
special	O
measures	O
to	O
prevent	O
this	O
.	O


The	O
message	O
from	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
government	O
is	O
that	O
its	O
soldiers	O
are	O
not	O
targeting	O
journalists	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
journalists	O
who	O
travel	O
to	O
places	O
where	O
there	O
could	O
be	O
live	O
fire	O
exchange	O
between	O
Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
gunmen	O
have	O
a	O
responsibility	O
to	O
take	O
greater	O
precautions	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
to	O
realize	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
game	O
going	O
on	O
there	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
life	O
and	O
death	O
situation	O
.	O


Soldiers	O
are	O
basically	O
thinking	O
about	O
their	O
own	O
lives	O
at	O
that	O
moment	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
time	O
to	O
hesitate	O
.	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
spokesman	O
says	O
the	O
soldier	O
has	O
no	O
choice	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
.	O


Journalists	O
say	O
--	O


He	O
was	O
called	O
comic	O
Albuquerque	B-PERSON
I	O
or	O
Baghdad	B-PERSON
Bob	I-PERSON
during	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
when	O
he	O
kept	O
insisting	O
things	O
were	O
going	O
badly	O
for	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
great	O
for	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
Minister	O
of	O
Information	O
or	O
Disinformation	O
vanished	O
when	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
fell	O
and	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
seen	O
since	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
legacy	O
remains	O
in	O
a	O
dance	O
tune	O
producers	O
hope	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
huge	O
hit	O
.	O


More	O
on	O
this	O
now	O
from	O
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Bolden	I-PERSON
in	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


They	O
have	O
no	O
control	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
believe	O
them	O
.	O


What	O
did	O
he	O
say	O
?	O


Do	O
n't	O
believe	O
them	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


He	O
was	O
unbelievable	O
.	O


My	O
feelings	O
are	O
as	O
usual	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


And	O
he	O
usually	O
did	O
n't	O
tell	O
the	O
truth	O
and	O
now	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
star	O
.	O


We	O
thought	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
funniest	O
guy	O
we	O
'd	O
seen	O
on	O
television	O
since	O
Benny	B-PERSON
Hill	I-PERSON
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


A	O
group	O
of	O
London	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
dance	O
musicians	O
have	O
produced	O
a	O
Mohammed	B-PERSON
Saif	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
Sahaf	I-PERSON
song	O
,	O
``	O
I	B-WORK_OF_ART
Ca	I-WORK_OF_ART
n't	I-WORK_OF_ART
Believe	I-WORK_OF_ART
What	I-WORK_OF_ART
I	I-WORK_OF_ART
'm	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hearing	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
he	O
came	O
out	O
with	O
when	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
tanks	O
were	O
converging	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Pounding	O
them	O
,	O
pounding	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
not	O
here	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
're	O
behind	O
him	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
song	O
features	O
Sahaf	B-PERSON
's	O
own	O
voice	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
voice	O
.	O


His	O
voice	O
is	O
brilliant	O
.	O


He	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
rapper	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
rapper	O
he	O
could	O
get	O
a	O
job	O
doing	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
former	O
Information	O
Minister	O
might	O
need	O
a	O
job	O
right	O
now	O
.	O


Sal	B-PERSON
Sahaf	I-PERSON
is	O
nowhere	O
to	O
be	O
found	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
face	O
is	O
virtually	O
everywhere	O
on	O
web	O
sites	O
,	O
coffee	O
cups	O
,	O
t	O
-	O
shirts	O
and	O
dolls	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
ever	O
does	O
show	O
his	O
face	O
again	O
in	O
the	O
flesh	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
loyal	O
following	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


If	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
claim	O
his	O
royalty	O
,	O
they	O
'll	O
donate	O
them	O
to	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
children	O
's	O
charity	O
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
Bolden	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


If	O
you	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
hear	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
news	O
cal	O
debut	O
of	O
Mohammed	B-PERSON
Saeed	I-PERSON
Sal	I-PERSON
Sahaf	I-PERSON
,	O
we	O
've	O
added	O
a	O
link	O
on	O
cnn.com/wolf	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
update	O
you	O
on	O
a	O
drama	O
unfolding	O
off	O
the	O
coast	O
of	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


Look	O
at	O
this	O
.	O


Live	O
pictures	O
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Cubans	B-NORP
.	O


Will	O
they	O
be	O
rescued	O
?	O


Are	O
they	O
trying	O
to	O
swim	O
to	O
shore	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
--	O


Welcome	O
to	O
the	B-TIME
second	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	O


Good	O
morning	B-TIME
to	O
you	O
.	O


A	O
new	O
Al	B-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
videotape	O
,	O
no	O
doubt	O
chilling	O
to	O
the	O
families	O
of	O
the	O
victims	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
pilots	O
who	O
took	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
planes	O
on	O
9	B-DATE
/	I-DATE
11	I-DATE
attended	O
a	O
wedding	O
party	O
in	O
Hamburg	B-GPE
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
,	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
1999	B-DATE
this	O
is	O
.	O


Another	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
pilots	O
,	O
Mohammed	B-PERSON
Atta	I-PERSON
,	O
also	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
present	O
at	O
this	O
meeting	O
.	O


Throughout	O
the	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
we	O
're	O
looking	O
at	O
a	O
remarkable	O
tape	O
.	O


Right	O
now	O
,	O
what	O
's	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
terror	O
cell	O
responsible	O
for	O
9	B-EVENT
/	I-EVENT
11	I-EVENT
.	O


Many	O
members	O
on	O
that	O
tape	O
working	O
together	O
through	O
a	O
cell	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
known	O
as	O
the	O
Hamburg	B-GPE
cell	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
room	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O


Plus	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Matrix	I-WORK_OF_ART
Unloaded	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Hollywood	B-ORG
unleashes	O
the	O
special	O
effects	O
extravaganza	O
.	O


we	O
'll	O
show	O
you	O
.	O


Stay	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


Major	O
fighting	O
may	O
be	O
over	O
,	O
but	O
many	O
American	B-NORP
service	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
injured	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
are	O
just	O
beginning	O
the	O
very	O
long	O
process	O
of	O
recovery	O
.	O


Besides	O
the	B-FAC
Naval	I-FAC
Hospital	I-FAC
outside	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
D.c.	I-GPE
,	O
has	O
already	O
treated	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
Marines	B-NORP
and	O
sailors	O
from	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


19	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
are	O
still	O
there	O
.	O


I	O
visited	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
only	B-DATE
yesterday	I-DATE
including	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Marine	B-NORP
whose	O
life	O
was	O
saved	O
by	O
a	O
twist	O
of	O
fate	O
.	O


What	O
strikes	O
you	O
about	O
Patrick	B-PERSON
Teeterman	I-PERSON
and	O
so	O
many	O
of	O
his	O
buddies	O
is	O
how	O
young	O
they	O
are	O
.	O


Corporal	O
Teeterman	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
fresh	O
-	O
faced	O
kid	O
from	O
Chicago	B-GPE
had	O
a	O
job	O
more	O
important	O
and	O
dangerous	O
than	O
you	O
'll	O
find	O
in	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
most	O
21	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
olds	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
a	O
sniper	O
platoon	O
leader	O
for	O
Dirst	B-ORG
Battalion	I-ORG
Naval	I-ORG
Marines	I-ORG
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
story	O
of	O
how	O
he	O
got	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
D.c.	I-GPE
,	O
is	O
compelling	O
for	O
several	O
reasons	O
,	O
starting	O
with	O
how	O
close	O
he	O
came	O
to	O
not	O
being	O
here	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
definitely	O
blessed	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
paralyzed	O
or	O
dead	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


and	O
how	O
close	O
he	O
came	O
to	O
witnessing	O
history	O
.	O


24	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
before	O
the	O
fall	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
24	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
before	O
his	O
fellow	O
Marines	B-NORP
engaged	O
in	O
a	O
fierce	O
firefight	O
at	O
Baghdad	B-FAC
University	I-FAC
,	O
Teeterman	B-PERSON
's	O
orders	O
had	O
him	O
just	O
south	O
of	O
the	O
capital	O
taking	O
out	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
resistance	O
atop	O
a	O
warehouse	O
roof	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
small	O
pockets	O
of	O
resistance	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
man	O
groups	O
who	O
had	O
AKs	B-PRODUCT
and	O
possibly	O
RPGs	B-PRODUCT
and	O
what	O
not	O
and	O
our	O
job	O
was	O
to	O
just	O
observe	O
forward	O
and	O
make	O
sure	O
no	O
one	O
was	O
waiting	O
to	O
ambush	O
the	O
AVs	B-PRODUCT
or	O
the	O
tanks	O
and	O
I	O
was	O
on	O
a	O
metal	O
roof	O
and	O
I	O
stepped	O
--	O


Arthritis	O
.	O


We	O
liberated	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
from	O
a	O
brutal	O
dictatorship	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


We	O
brought	O
greater	O
security	O
to	O
people	O
of	O
all	O
nations	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
thank	O
the	O
President	O
for	O
Spain	B-GPE
's	O
diplomatic	O
support	O
before	O
the	O
conflict	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Spanish	B-NORP
air	O
space	O
and	O
bases	O
as	O
the	O
war	O
grew	O
closer	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


I	O
also	O
offer	O
my	O
condolences	O
to	O
the	O
family	O
and	O
friends	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
members	O
of	O
the	O
Spanish	B-NORP
media	O
who	O
lost	O
their	O
lives	O
while	O
covering	O
the	O
hostilities	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


Both	O
Spain	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
are	O
committed	O
to	O
a	O
stable	O
,	O
democratic	O
and	O
peaceful	O
future	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


Spain	B-GPE
has	O
shown	O
that	O
commitment	O
by	O
sending	O
engineering	O
and	O
medical	O
units	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


And	O
I	O
thank	O
you	O
for	O
that	O
help	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
I	O
have	O
moved	O
to	O
ease	O
sanctions	O
imposed	O
by	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
against	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
old	O
government	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


First	B-ORDINAL
based	O
on	O
the	O
authority	O
recently	O
given	O
to	O
me	O
by	O
Congress	B-ORG
I	O
'm	O
suspending	O
the	B-LAW
Iraq	I-LAW
's	I-LAW
Sanctions	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
,	O
which	O
restricts	O
the	O
export	O
of	O
certain	O
commitment	O
necessary	O
for	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
reconstruction	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
'm	O
directing	O
the	O
Secretary	O
to	O
relax	O
sanctions	O
on	O
American	B-NORP
countries	O
and	O
citizens	O
conducting	O
business	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
that	O
contributed	O
to	O
humanitarian	O
reconstruction	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


Soon	O
,	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
U.N.	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
Great	B-GPE
Britain	I-GPE
and	O
Spain	B-GPE
will	O
introduce	O
a	O
new	O
resolution	O
to	O
lift	O
the	O
sanctions	O
imposed	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
regime	O
that	O
the	O
sanctions	O
were	O
directed	O
against	O
no	O
longer	O
rules	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


And	O
no	O
country	O
in	O
good	O
conscience	O
can	O
support	O
using	O
sanctions	O
to	O
hold	O
back	O
the	O
hopes	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


Across	O
the	O
globe	O
,	O
Spain	B-GPE
and	O
America	B-GPE
will	O
continue	O
as	O
strong	O
allys	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
against	O
terror	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
took	O
steps	O
to	O
cut	O
off	O
financing	O
for	O
the	O
organization	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
ties	O
to	O
the	O
ETA	B-ORG
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


We	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Spain	B-GPE
like	O
everywhere	O
have	O
a	O
right	O
to	O
live	O
free	O
from	O
terror	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


We	O
'll	O
also	O
work	O
for	O
a	O
better	O
world	O
beyond	O
the	O
war	O
on	O
terror	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


We	O
're	O
committed	O
to	O
expanding	O
trade	O
which	O
builds	O
prosperity	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
Atlantic	B-LOC
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


We	O
'll	O
work	O
together	O
to	O
address	O
global	O
poverty	O
in	O
the	O
terrible	O
diseases	O
such	O
as	O
HIV	O
AIDS	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


Spain	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
will	O
stand	O
on	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
people	O
everywhere	O
striving	O
for	O
greater	O
freedom	O
,	O
tolerance	O
and	O
opportunity	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


We	O
're	O
determined	O
to	O
help	O
build	O
peace	O
between	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
confirmation	O
of	O
Mazen	B-PERSON
permitted	O
the	O
road	O
map	O
for	O
peace	O
,	O
developed	O
with	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


Spain	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
are	O
determined	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
this	O
moment	O
of	O
opportunity	O
for	O
peace	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O


I	O
'm	O
grateful	O
for	O
the	O
wise	O
council	O
and	O
friendship	O
of	O
Jose	B-PERSON
Maria	I-PERSON
Aznar	I-PERSON
.	O


-LRB-	O
translator	O
speaking	O
-RRB-	O
-LRB-	O
speaking	O
Spanish	O
-RRB-	O


A	O
former	O
FBI	B-ORG
informant	O
accused	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
double	O
agent	O
has	O
been	O
indicted	O
.	O


The	O
charges	O
against	O
Katrina	B-PERSON
Leung	I-PERSON
are	O
the	O
latest	O
in	O
an	O
alleged	O
case	O
of	O
sex	O
,	O
spies	O
,	O
and	O
international	O
intrigue	O
.	O


Charles	B-PERSON
Feldman	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
with	O
details	O
on	O
this	O
one	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
story	O
that	O
has	O
made	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
look	O
--	O
well	O
,	O
kind	O
of	O
dopey	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
put	O
a	O
spotlight	O
on	O
U.S.	B-GPE
/	O
China	B-GPE
relations	O
.	O


Like	O
any	O
good	O
spy	O
movie	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
already	O
had	O
a	O
sequel	O
with	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
indictment	O
earlier	B-DATE
in	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	O
another	O
one	O
just	B-DATE
yesterday	I-DATE
.	O


On	O
Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
other	O
shoe	O
dropped	O
.	O


Just	B-DATE
one	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
after	O
a	O
former	O
FBI	B-ORG
counterintelligence	O
agent	O
was	O
indicted	O
on	O
charges	O
of	O
gross	O
negligence	O
,	O
his	O
mistress	O
of	O
two	B-DATE
decades	I-DATE
,	O
Katrina	B-PERSON
Leung	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
herself	O
indicted	O
on	O
more	O
serious	O
charges	O
of	O
copying	O
and	O
possessing	O
documents	O
relating	O
to	O
the	O
national	O
security	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
documents	O
she	O
allegedly	O
lifted	O
on	O
many	O
occasions	O
from	O
the	O
briefcase	O
of	O
her	O
ex-FBI	B-ORG
handler	O
,	O
James	B-PERSON
Smith	I-PERSON
.	O


Leung	B-PERSON
's	O
lawyers	O
wasted	O
little	O
time	O
responding	O
to	O
the	O
grand	O
jury	O
indictment	O
.	O


Katrina	B-PERSON
Leung	I-PERSON
is	O
no	B-PERSON
Mata	I-PERSON
Hari	I-PERSON
,	O
as	O
people	O
have	O
suggested	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
recruited	O
actively	O
by	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
because	O
of	O
what	O
she	O
could	O
do	O
and	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
she	O
knew	O
.	O


She	O
did	O
not	O
go	O
out	O
to	O
get	O
this	O
job	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Leung	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
prominent	O
Chinese	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
,	O
was	O
practically	O
the	O
toast	O
of	O
L.A	B-GPE
.	O


She	O
was	O
seemingly	O
present	O
for	O
just	O
about	O
every	O
event	O
involving	O
local	O
politicians	O
,	O
sometimes	O
national	O
ones	O
,	O
and	O
various	O
high	O
-	O
ranking	O
officials	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
.	O


That	O
part	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
,	O
was	O
by	O
design	O
.	O


Leung	B-PERSON
was	O
hired	O
by	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
and	O
paid	O
almost	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
over	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
spy	O
on	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
.	O


Federal	O
prosecutors	O
now	O
say	O
she	O
pulled	O
a	O
fast	O
one	O
and	O
actually	O
spied	O
on	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
for	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
.	O


This	O
case	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
embarrassment	O
.	O


The	O
Wizards	B-ORG
may	O
not	O
want	O
Jordan	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
expansion	O
team	O
says	O
Jordan	B-PERSON
could	O
run	O
operations	O
there	O
,	O
if	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
his	O
home	O
state	O
after	O
all	O
.	O


On	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
Washington	B-ORG
Wizards	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
owner	O
ended	O
the	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
association	O
with	O
Jordan	B-PERSON
.	O


According	O
to	O
``	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
,	O
''	O
the	O
meeting	O
degenerated	O
into	O
name	O
-	O
calling	O
after	O
Jordan	B-PERSON
was	O
offered	O
$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
gratitude	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Jordan	B-PERSON
reportedly	O
responded	O
he	O
was	O
n't	O
in	O
it	O
for	O
the	O
money	O
.	O


CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Josie	B-PERSON
Karp	I-PERSON
has	O
the	O
story	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


For	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
since	O
being	O
cut	O
from	O
the	O
team	O
in	O
high	O
school	O
,	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Jordan	I-PERSON
was	O
left	O
in	O
the	O
awkward	O
position	O
of	O
being	O
unwanted	O
by	O
the	O
game	O
he	O
has	O
come	O
to	O
define	O
.	O


After	O
playing	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
seasons	I-DATE
with	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Wizards	I-ORG
,	O
Jordan	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
expected	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
the	O
front	O
office	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
during	O
a	O
meeting	O
that	O
lasted	O
only	B-DATE
minutes	I-DATE
,	O
team	O
owner	O
told	O
Jordan	B-PERSON
his	O
services	O
were	O
no	O
longer	O
necessary	O
.	O


Jordan	B-PERSON
issued	O
a	O
statement	O
expressing	O
his	O
shock	O
over	O
--	O


A	O
national	O
weeklong	B-DATE
terror	O
drill	O
began	O
in	O
Seattle	B-GPE
and	O
an	O
industrial	O
lot	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
.	O
strewn	O
with	O
smashed	O
cars	O
,	O
buses	O
and	O
other	O
debris	O
representing	O
the	O
hypothetical	O
damage	O
from	O
a	O
fan	O
that	O
sized	O
radioactive	O
dirty	O
bomb	O
.	O


The	O
test	O
designed	O
to	O
measure	O
the	O
responsiveness	O
of	O
emergency	O
workers	O
to	O
a	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
since	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
anthrax	O
attacks	O
killed	O
five	B-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
has	O
ever	O
been	O
arrested	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
that	O
case	O
and	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
is	O
considering	O
draining	O
a	O
Maryland	B-GPE
pond	O
relating	O
to	O
evidence	O
for	O
those	O
unsolved	O
attacks	O
.	O


Kelli	B-PERSON
Arena	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
FBI	B-ORG
's	O
interest	O
in	O
this	O
state	O
park	O
in	O
Maryland	B-GPE
dates	O
back	O
to	O
last	B-DATE
December	I-DATE
.	O


Officials	O
got	O
a	O
tip	O
back	O
then	O
that	O
someone	O
may	O
have	O
dumped	O
equipment	O
into	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
park	O
's	O
ponds	O
.	O


Officials	O
say	O
they	O
found	O
the	O
tip	O
significant	O
because	O
the	O
pond	O
is	O
about	O
ten	O
miles	O
from	O
Fort	B-FAC
Dietrick	I-FAC
where	O
the	O
Army	B-ORG
experimented	O
with	O
anthrax	O
.	O


Agents	O
searched	O
the	O
area	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
times	O
since	O
then	O
.	O


The	O
mayor	O
says	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
is	O
now	O
considering	O
draining	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
ponds	O
.	O


The	O
police	O
chief	O
Dine	B-PERSON
is	O
in	O
regular	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
.	O


There	O
are	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
facets	O
to	O
this	O
investigation	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
significant	O
.	O


After	O
all	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
murder	O
investigation	O
,	O
multiple	O
murder	O
investigation	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
there	O
are	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
avenues	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
looking	O
into	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


According	O
to	O
government	O
sources	O
,	O
agents	O
in	O
December	B-DATE
found	O
a	O
large	O
plastic	O
enclosed	O
container	O
with	O
large	O
openings	O
on	O
the	O
side	O
.	O


Officials	O
say	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
evidence	O
connecting	O
anything	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
park	O
to	O
anthrax	O
or	O
the	O
anthrax	O
attacks	O
,	O
nor	O
is	O
there	O
any	O
evidence	O
linking	O
any	O
individual	O
to	O
the	O
deadly	O
anthrax	O
letters	O
.	O


The	O
FBI	B-ORG
has	O
said	O
nothing	O
publicly	O
about	O
anyone	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
investigating	O
,	O
but	O
Attorney	O
General	O
John	B-PERSON
Ashcroft	I-PERSON
did	O
refer	O
publicly	O
to	O
Steven	B-PERSON
Hatfield	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
researcher	O
as	O
a	O
person	O
of	O
interest	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
repeatedly	O
proclaimed	O
his	O
innocence	O
and	O
the	O
spokesman	O
told	O
CNN	B-ORG
--	O


Well	O
,	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
can	O
drain	O
the	B-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
but	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
find	O
any	O
evidence	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
involved	O
with	O
the	O
attacks	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
nothing	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
anthrax	O
attacks	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Investigators	O
involved	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
clearly	O
frustrated	O
.	O


18	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
still	O
not	O
one	B-CARDINAL
single	O
arrest	O
for	O
those	O
attacks	O
that	O
killed	O
five	B-CARDINAL
people	O
and	O
sickened	O
13	B-CARDINAL
others	O
.	O


LOU	O
?	O


Kelly	O
,	O
where	O
does	O
this	O
investigation	O
on	O
Hatfield	B-PERSON
stand	O
?	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
think	O
of	O
another	O
case	O
like	O
it	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
got	O
rather	O
public	O
statements	O
by	O
law	O
enforcement	O
officials	O
saying	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
suspect	O
that	O
they	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
the	O
guy	O
and	O
then	O
we	O
have	O
denial	O
and	O
then	O
we	O
have	O
this	O
stuff	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
really	O
--	O
really	O
extraordinary	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Well	O
,	O
the	O
Attorney	O
General	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
only	O
person	O
that	O
has	O
even	O
mentioned	O
Steven	B-PERSON
Hatfield	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
name	O
publicly	O
and	O
he	O
called	O
him	O
a	O
person	O
of	O
interest	O
,	O
not	O
a	O
suspect	O
.	O


But	O
--	O


Another	O
blast	O
,	O
a	O
massive	O
blast	O
in	O
northern	O
Chechnya	B-GPE
which	O
killed	O
37	B-CARDINAL
people	O
and	O
injured	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
others	O
.	O


News	O
of	O
that	O
begins	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
time	O
line	O
.	O


That	O
occurred	O
at	O
2	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
Eastern	I-TIME
time	I-TIME
.	O


Russian	B-NORP
officials	O
say	O
a	O
suicide	O
bomber	O
drove	O
a	O
truck	O
packed	O
with	O
explosives	O
into	O
government	O
buildings	O
in	O
Chechnya	B-GPE
.	O


President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
blames	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
Chechnyan	B-NORP
rebels	O
.	O


The	O
truck	O
drew	O
fire	O
after	O
driving	O
past	O
a	O
security	O
checkpoint	O
and	O
through	O
a	O
wall	O
barricading	O
the	O
buildings	O
.	O


The	O
story	O
of	O
a	O
woman	O
in	O
an	O
East	O
Texas	B-GPE
jail	O
cell	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


We	O
're	O
told	O
sometimes	O
she	O
sits	O
in	O
the	O
fetal	O
position	O
,	O
other	O
times	O
singing	O
gospel	O
music	O
.	O


Occasionally	O
she	O
'll	O
pray	O
,	O
sometimes	O
cries	O
hysterically	O
.	O


Her	O
name	O
is	O
Deanna	B-PERSON
Lejeune	I-PERSON
Laney	I-PERSON
.	O


She	O
's	O
accused	O
of	O
beating	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
her	O
three	B-CARDINAL
children	O
to	O
death	O
because	O
,	O
she	O
says	O
,	O
God	B-PERSON
told	O
her	O
to	O
.	O


Now	O
that	O
happened	O
this	B-DATE
Saturday	I-DATE
.	O


Today	B-DATE
the	O
wheels	O
of	O
justice	O
began	O
turning	O
.	O


Katherine	B-PERSON
Garcia	I-PERSON
of	O
WFAA	B-ORG
joins	O
us	O
from	O
the	O
Smith	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
courthouse	O
in	O
Tyler	B-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
.	O


Right	O
now	O
,	O
cast	O
our	O
eyes	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
getting	O
word	O
that	O
a	O
massive	O
assembly	O
of	O
Shiite	B-NORP
Muslims	I-NORP
is	O
now	O
come	O
together	O
in	O
Beirut	B-GPE
,	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
rather	O
remarkable	O
arrangement	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
cheering	O
there	O
the	O
arrival	O
of	O
Khatami	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
President	O
of	O
Iran	B-GPE
.	O


Now	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
making	O
a	O
trip	O
and	O
you	O
see	O
him	O
there	O
with	O
his	O
hands	O
raised	O
,	O
there	O
with	O
the	O
cloak	O
on	O
,	O
shaking	O
his	O
fists	O
,	O
hands	O
clasped	O
there	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
salute	O
to	O
the	O
crowd	O
.	O


President	O
Khatami	B-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Beirut	B-GPE
and	O
what	O
is	O
observed	O
here	O
is	O
very	O
closely	O
watched	O
,	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
words	O
he	O
'll	O
utter	O
when	O
he	O
speaks	O
to	O
this	O
crowd	O
.	O


Iran	B-GPE
now	O
being	O
pressured	O
by	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
to	O
back	O
off	O
on	O
supporting	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
.	O


Hezbollah	B-ORG
is	O
an	O
organization	O
based	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
that	O
has	O
been	O
tied	O
to	O
terrorist	O
activity	O
and	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Bergen	I-PERSON
mentioned	O
Saudi	B-NORP
Hezbollah	B-ORG
an	O
organization	O
working	O
in	O
that	O
country	O
.	O


The	O
key	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
fwo	O
see	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
Khatami	B-PERSON
actually	O
does	O
signal	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
heeding	O
the	O
word	O
of	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
backing	O
off	O
in	O
some	O
way	O
in	O
supporting	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
.	O


That	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
development	O
as	O
we	O
continue	O
to	O
watch	O
the	O
Mideast	B-LOC
peace	O
process	O
between	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
Israelis	B-NORP
develop	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
seeing	O
that	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Colin	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
also	O
traveling	O
through	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
regional	O
leaders	O
there	O
to	O
put	O
more	O
pressure	O
on	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
to	O
stop	O
any	O
terrorist	O
activities	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
happening	O
on	O
their	O
behalf	O
as	O
well	O
in	O
that	O
region	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
watch	O
and	O
listen	O
very	O
closely	O
to	O
President	O
Khatami	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
there	O
in	O
Beirut	B-GPE
,	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
.	O


Moving	O
on	O
,	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
on	O
road	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
where	O
is	O
campaigning	O
again	O
for	O
a	O
tax	O
cut	O
package	O
.	O


Likely	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
developing	O
story	O
in	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
.	O


Chris	B-PERSON
Burns	I-PERSON
traveling	O
with	O
the	O
President	O
,	O
he	O
joins	O
us	O
from	O
Indianapolis	B-GPE
.	O


Hi	O
,	O
Chris	B-PERSON
.	O


There	O
's	O
some	O
shocking	O
new	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
John	B-PERSON
F.	I-PERSON
Kennedy	I-PERSON
,	O
both	O
before	O
and	O
during	O
his	O
days	B-DATE
in	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
revelations	O
are	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
just	O
published	O
biography	O
about	O
the	O
35th	B-ORDINAL
President	O
.	O


Our	O
Jonathan	B-PERSON
Karl	I-PERSON
takes	O
a	O
look	O
inside	O
the	O
pages	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
revelations	O
about	O
Kennedy	B-PERSON
's	O
alleged	O
affair	O
with	O
an	O
intern	O
make	O
up	O
just	O
a	O
couple	O
lines	O
in	O
historian	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Dowd	I-PERSON
's	O
700	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
plus	I-CARDINAL
page	O
biography	O
.	O


The	O
information	O
comes	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
source	O
,	O
an	O
interview	O
with	O
a	O
former	O
Kennedy	B-PERSON
staffer	O
who	O
says	O
she	O
does	O
not	O
remember	O
the	O
intern	O
's	O
last	O
name	O
.	O


Although	O
he	O
finds	O
the	O
reports	O
of	O
Kennedy	B-PERSON
's	O
womanizing	O
credible	O
,	O
he	O
believes	O
new	O
information	O
about	O
Kennedy	B-PERSON
's	O
health	O
problems	O
is	O
more	O
significant	O
.	O


JFK	B-PERSON
's	O
public	O
image	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
youthful	O
vigor	O
but	O
in	O
truth	O
he	O
battled	O
serious	O
medical	O
problems	O
his	O
entire	O
life	O
.	O


Twice	O
before	O
becoming	O
President	O
he	O
was	O
so	O
sick	O
,	O
a	O
priest	O
was	O
brought	O
in	O
to	O
give	O
him	O
last	O
rites	O
.	O


While	O
researching	O
his	O
new	O
book	O
on	O
JFK	B-PERSON
,	O
Dallic	B-PERSON
uncovered	O
previously	O
sealed	O
medical	O
records	O
that	O
detailed	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
his	O
medical	O
troubles	O
and	O
the	O
lengths	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
conceal	O
them	O
from	O
the	O
public	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
many	O
stories	O
about	O
politicians	O
who	O
used	O
political	O
influence	O
to	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
military	O
conflict	O
,	O
but	O
Dallic	B-PERSON
shows	O
he	O
used	O
his	O
family	O
's	O
influence	O
to	O
get	O
into	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
just	O
as	O
America	B-GPE
was	O
on	O
the	O
verge	O
of	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
.	O


In	O
1941	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
flunked	O
two	B-CARDINAL
military	O
medical	O
exams	O
.	O


His	O
powerful	O
father	O
intervened	O
,	O
getting	O
yet	O
another	O
exam	O
.	O


Reading	O
the	O
report	O
of	O
his	O
exam	O
,	O
one	O
would	O
think	O
he	O
never	O
had	O
a	O
serious	O
physical	O
problem	O
in	O
his	O
life	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
complete	O
whitewash	O
that	O
would	O
never	O
have	O
been	O
possible	O
without	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
help	O
.	O


Kennedy	B-PERSON
entered	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
earning	O
hero	O
status	O
for	O
saving	O
his	O
ship	O
mates	O
when	O
his	O
boat	O
Pt	O
was	O
sunk	O
by	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
.	O


Dallek	B-PERSON
says	O
Kennedy	B-PERSON
's	O
brushes	O
with	O
death	O
,	O
combined	O
with	O
the	O
deaths	O
of	O
his	O
sister	O
and	O
brother	O
,	O
fueled	O
the	O
ambition	O
that	O
led	O
him	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
youngest	O
person	O
elected	O
President	O
in	O
American	B-NORP
history	O
.	O


Kennedy	B-PERSON
told	O
a	O
friend	O
before	O
he	O
entered	O
politics	O
,	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
live	O
every	O
day	O
like	O
it	O
's	O
your	O
last	O
day	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
doing	O
.	O


Jonathan	B-PERSON
Karl	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


And	O
we	O
'll	O
have	O
much	O
more	O
on	O
this	O
story	O
coming	O
up	O
later	B-TIME
today	I-TIME
on	O
``	O
Wolf	B-WORK_OF_ART
Blitzer	I-WORK_OF_ART
Reports	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


The	O
biographer	O
will	O
be	O
among	O
my	O
guests	O
later	O
today	O
5:00	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
Eastern	I-TIME
,	O
2:00	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
Pacific	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
Vice	O
President	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
is	O
now	O
speaking	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
at	O
a	O
luncheon	O
honoring	O
the	O
Secretary	O
of	O
Defense	B-ORG
,	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Rumsfeld	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
Vice	O
President	O
will	O
be	O
presenting	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Jimmy	I-WORK_OF_ART
Doolittle	I-WORK_OF_ART
Award	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	O
the	O
Secretary	O
of	O
Defense	B-ORG
.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
monitoring	O
to	O
hear	O
what	O
both	O
of	O
them	O
have	O
to	O
say	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
have	O
some	O
coverage	O
of	O
that	O
coming	O
up	O
,	O
but	O
up	O
next	O
,	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
is	O
getting	O
a	O
makeover	O
of	O
sorts	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
fighting	O
crime	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
--	O


As	O
we	O
told	O
you	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
this	O
newscast	O
,	O
an	O
Oklahoma	B-GPE
judge	O
has	O
ruled	O
that	O
Terry	B-PERSON
Nichols	I-PERSON
will	O
indeed	O
stand	O
trial	O
in	O
that	O
state	O
court	O
on	O
160	B-CARDINAL
counts	O
of	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
degree	O
murder	O
.	O


The	O
Oklahoma	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
bombing	O
conspirator	O
is	O
already	O
serving	O
a	O
life	O
term	O
in	O
federal	O
prison	O
.	O


State	O
proceedings	O
could	O
bring	O
the	O
death	O
penalty	O
if	O
Nichols	B-PERSON
is	O
convicted	O
.	O


A	O
trial	O
date	O
was	O
not	O
immediately	O
set	O
by	O
the	O
judge	O
whose	O
decision	O
came	O
as	O
prosecutors	O
were	O
still	O
presenting	O
evidence	O
.	O


A	O
Texas	B-GPE
woman	O
is	O
in	O
jail	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
accused	O
of	O
killing	O
her	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sons	O
and	O
severely	O
beating	O
another	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
before	I-DATE
Mother	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
Day	I-DATE
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
a	O
silent	O
Dee	B-PERSON
Ana	I-PERSON
Laney	I-PERSON
waited	O
as	O
the	O
judge	O
read	O
the	O
charges	O
against	O
her	O
,	O
capital	O
murder	O
and	O
aggravated	O
assault	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
people	O
to	O
arrive	O
at	O
the	O
crime	O
scene	O
,	O
Judge	O
James	B-PERSON
Marin	I-PERSON
.	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


Why	O
were	O
you	O
there	O
so	O
quickly	O
?	O


I	O
was	O
n't	O
really	O
there	O
that	O
quickly	O
.	O


I	O
actually	O
responded	O
a	B-TIME
few	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
after	O
the	B-ORG
Sheriff	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
did	O
.	O


The	O
reason	O
you	O
went	O
was	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
being	O
the	O
justice	O
of	O
the	O
peace	O
we	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
that	O
hold	O
the	O
inquest	O
on	O
the	O
death	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
required	O
to	O
call	O
us	O
to	O
the	O
scene	O
.	O


What	O
did	O
you	O
see	O
when	O
you	O
got	O
there	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
honest	O
with	O
you	O
,	O
I	O
saw	O
a	O
pretty	O
gruesome	O
sight	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
talked	O
about	O
quite	O
a	O
bit	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
and	O
if	O
anybody	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
to	O
see	O
it	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
lucky	O
not	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
horrific	O
sight	O
,	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
details	O
,	O
obviously	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
only	O
imagine	O
how	O
bad	O
it	O
might	O
have	O
been	O
.	O


It	O
probably	O
was	O
,	O
indeed	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
your	O
eyewitness	O
accounts	O
.	O


What	O
happened	O
?	O


They	O
were	O
collecting	O
evidence	O
as	O
you	O
were	O
there	O
,	O
the	O
law	O
enforcement	O
authorities	O
?	O


They	O
had	O
been	O
collecting	O
their	O
evidence	O
and	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
when	O
I	O
got	O
there	O
they	O
showed	O
me	O
the	O
location	O
and	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
then	O
having	O
to	O
do	O
--	O


A	O
bomb	O
exploded	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
a	O
courtroom	O
in	O
southern	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
injuring	O
four	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
a	O
judge	O
.	O


A	O
man	O
with	O
a	O
pistol	O
was	O
arrested	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
courthouse	O
and	O
police	O
say	O
he	O
admits	O
planting	O
the	O
bombs	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
same	O
courtroom	O
where	O
a	O
suspected	O
al	B-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
militant	O
got	O
a	O
death	O
sentence	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
for	O
killing	O
three	B-CARDINAL
American	B-NORP
missionaries	O
.	O


Several	O
news	O
organizations	O
have	O
filed	O
for	O
--	O
their	O
reporters	O
had	O
with	O
Scott	B-PERSON
Peterson	I-PERSON
.	O


Peterson	B-PERSON
was	O
arrested	O
for	O
the	O
murder	O
of	O
his	O
wife	O
and	O
unborn	O
son	O
after	O
their	O
bodies	O
washed	O
ashore	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
is	O
awaiting	O
trial	O
.	O


Prosecutors	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
notify	O
anyone	O
if	O
their	O
phone	O
conversations	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
evidence	O
.	O


Peterson	B-PERSON
's	O
phones	O
were	O
tapped	O
under	O
a	O
court	O
order	O
.	O


Earlier	O
we	O
talked	O
about	O
a	O
new	O
book	O
claiming	O
that	O
President	O
John	B-PERSON
Kennedy	I-PERSON
had	O
an	O
affair	O
with	O
a	O
White	B-FAC
House	I-FAC
intern	O
early	B-DATE
1960s	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
Kennedy	B-PERSON
biographer	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Dallek	I-PERSON
came	O
across	O
the	O
story	O
while	O
doing	O
research	O
.	O


The	O
woman	O
's	O
name	O
has	O
remained	O
a	O
mystery	O
.	O


The	O
60	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
tells	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
and	O
others	O
that	O
she	O
is	O
glad	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
weight	O
she	O
's	O
been	O
carrying	O
for	O
41	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
now	O
off	O
her	O
shoulders	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
she	O
was	O
19	B-DATE
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
working	O
in	O
D.C.	B-GPE
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
,	O
1962	B-DATE
,	O
1963	B-DATE
.	O


She	O
says	O
today	B-DATE
the	O
allegations	O
about	O
her	O
affair	O
are	O
the	O
truth	O
,	O
right	O
now	O
she	O
lives	O
on	O
the	B-LOC
Upper	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
Side	I-LOC
,	O
works	O
at	O
a	O
Presbyterian	B-NORP
church	O
,	O
has	O
two	B-CARDINAL
married	O
daughters	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
news	O
is	O
out	O
,	O
after	O
carrying	O
it	O
for	O
41	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
she	O
feels	O
better	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


This	O
news	O
breaking	O
just	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Robert	B-PERSON
Dallek	I-PERSON
tried	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
research	O
to	O
track	O
this	O
woman	O
down	O
in	O
the	O
book	O
,	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
happen	O
but	O
now	O
she	O
has	O
indeed	O
come	O
forward	O
.	O


In	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
Daily	B-WORK_OF_ART
News	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
a	O
60	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
woman	O
acknowledges	O
she	O
was	O
the	O
19	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
White	B-FAC
House	I-FAC
intern	O
who	O
slept	O
with	O
JFK	B-PERSON
.	O


She	O
told	O
the	O
papers	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
Mimi	B-PERSON
.	O
''	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
take	O
this	O
opportunity	O
to	O
stand	O
behind	O
the	O
Mimi	B-PERSON
and	O
proclaim	O
my	O
solidarity	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
where	O
you	O
've	O
been	O
because	O
I	O
too	O
have	O
been	O
there	O
myself	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
,	O
I	O
too	O
slept	O
with	O
JFK	B-PERSON
.	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
.	O


I	O
was	O
born	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
too	O
late	O
to	O
have	O
slept	O
with	O
JFK	B-PERSON
?	O


Technically	O
correct	O
but	O
why	O
quibble	O
over	O
details	O
?	O


Is	O
n't	O
it	O
possible	O
deep	O
down	O
,	O
that	O
you	O
also	O
slept	O
with	O
JFK	B-PERSON
?	O


Who	O
,	O
me	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
have	O
,	O
you	O
protest	O
.	O


Believe	O
whatever	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
willing	O
to	O
live	O
that	O
lie	O
any	O
longer	O
.	O


The	O
truth	O
about	O
our	O
Camelot	B-LOC
obsessed	O
society	O
is	O
each	O
of	O
us	O
in	O
our	O
own	O
way	O
has	O
slept	O
with	O
the	O
JFK	B-PERSON
.	O


Only	O
once	O
we	O
admit	O
this	O
to	O
ourselves	O
individually	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
nation	O
can	O
the	O
true	O
healing	O
begin	O
.	O


A	O
thought	O
to	O
end	O
on	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Thanks	O
for	O
being	O
with	O
us	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Stay	O
with	O
CNN	B-ORG
.	O


``	O
Larry	B-WORK_OF_ART
King	I-WORK_OF_ART
Live	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
is	O
next	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
back	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
since	O
we	O
had	O
any	O
new	O
developments	O
in	O
the	O
Laci	B-PERSON
Peterson	I-PERSON
case	O
.	O


It	O
appears	O
we	O
do	O
have	O
something	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
this	O
morning	O
,	O
perhaps	O
a	O
search	O
for	O
some	O
new	O
evidence	O
under	O
way	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
check	O
in	O
with	O
our	O
Rusty	B-PERSON
Dornin	I-PERSON
,	O
out	O
in	O
Modesto	B-GPE
,	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
the	O
latest	O
on	O
that	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


We	O
knew	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
time	O
before	O
police	O
got	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
in	O
San	B-LOC
Francisco	I-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
looking	O
for	O
more	O
evidence	O
in	O
the	O
Laci	B-PERSON
Peterson	I-PERSON
case	O
.	O


That	O
happened	O
this	O
morning	O
.	O


Numerous	O
R	O
agencies	O
'	O
boats	O
with	O
sonar	O
technology	O
and	O
divers	O
into	O
San	B-LOC
Francisco	I-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
.	O


They	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
Richmond	B-GPE
marina	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	B-LOC
Urbuinano	I-LOC
Island	I-LOC
,	O
the	O
Coast	B-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
station	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
being	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
staging	O
area	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
launching	O
a	O
search	O
for	O
what	O
may	O
be	O
left	O
in	O
the	O
bay	O
here	O
now	O
.	O


As	O
you	O
know	O
about	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
Laci	B-PERSON
Peterson	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
body	O
washed	O
up	O
right	O
here	O
,	O
an	O
area	O
called	O
Point	B-LOC
Isabelle	I-LOC
.	O


Right	O
across	O
the	O
channel	O
here	O
is	O
an	O
area	O
known	O
as	O
Brooks	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
.	O


police	O
say	O
that	O
is	O
where	O
Scott	B-PERSON
Peterson	I-PERSON
told	O
them	O
that	O
he	O
did	O
go	O
fishing	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
that	O
Laci	B-PERSON
Peterson	I-PERSON
did	O
disappear	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
a	O
source	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
investigation	O
has	O
told	O
me	O
that	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
really	O
looking	O
for	O
are	O
concrete	O
anchors	O
or	O
weights	O
which	O
may	O
have	O
parts	O
of	O
Laci	B-PERSON
Peterson	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
body	O
or	O
clothing	O
or	O
something	O
attached	O
to	O
it	O
,	O
that	O
they	O
did	O
discover	O
a	O
concrete	O
weight	O
in	O
Scott	B-PERSON
Peterson	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
warehouse	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
matched	O
,	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
something	O
that	O
could	O
link	O
Scott	B-PERSON
Peterson	I-PERSON
--	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
like	O
a	O
smoking	O
gun	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
.	O


Inevitably	O
they	O
are	O
looking	O
for	O
something	O
linked	O
to	O
Laci	B-PERSON
Peterson	I-PERSON
,	O
whether	O
--	O


He	O
went	O
to	O
scapegoat	O
at	O
breath	O
-	O
taking	O
speed	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
Steve	B-PERSON
Case	I-PERSON
officially	O
out	O
at	O
AOL	B-ORG
Time	I-ORG
Warner	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
media	O
giant	O
remains	O
in	O
a	O
rut	O
.	O


Investigators	O
looking	O
for	O
answers	O
today	B-DATE
at	O
a	O
shareholders	O
meeting	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
we	O
turn	O
to	O
Greg	B-PERSON
Clarkin	I-PERSON
,	O
we	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
home	O
team	O
here	O
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
parent	O
company	O
,	O
not	O
easy	O
for	O
any	O
of	O
us	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Hi	O
,	O
Kyra	B-PERSON
.	O


That	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


Here	O
in	O
Northern	O
Virginia	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
few	O
miles	O
from	O
AOL	B-ORG
headquarters	O
,	O
these	O
are	O
a	O
chance	O
for	O
the	O
individual	O
investor	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
vent	O
to	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
have	O
their	O
case	O
about	O
where	O
the	O
company	O
is	O
going	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
we	O
heard	O
from	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
small	O
investors	O
who	O
are	O
still	O
upset	O
over	O
the	O
sinking	O
stock	O
price	O
of	O
AOL	B-ORG
Time	I-ORG
Warner	I-ORG
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
stock	O
down	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
70	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Now	O
,	O
we	O
spoke	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
individual	O
investors	O
who	O
voiced	O
their	O
con	O
--	O


Judith	B-PERSON
Nathan	I-PERSON
will	O
wake	O
up	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
the	O
wife	O
of	O
Rudy	B-PERSON
Giuliani	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
couple	O
is	O
preparing	O
to	O
tie	O
the	O
knot	O
at	O
Gracie	B-FAC
Mansion	I-FAC
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Mayor	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Bloomberg	I-PERSON
will	O
perform	O
the	O
ceremony	O
.	O


Hundreds	B-CARDINAL
have	O
been	O
invited	O
and	O
Placido	B-PERSON
Domgo	I-PERSON
will	O
provide	O
the	O
music	O
.	O


More	O
top	O
stories	O
at	O
the	B-TIME
top	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	O


Now	O
back	O
to	O
``	O
next@cnn	O
.	O
''	O


A	O
series	O
of	O
commercials	O
people	O
are	O
not	O
as	O
fond	O
of	O
featuring	O
Carrot	B-PERSON
Top	I-PERSON
as	O
he	O
pitches	O
for	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
oldest	O
and	O
most	O
revered	O
corporations	O
in	O
the	O
land	O
,	O
AT&T	B-ORG
.	O


We	O
're	O
training	O
here	O
?	O


Train	O
your	O
finger	O
to	O
dial	O
up	O
the	O
center	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
free	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
cheap	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


Carrot	B-PERSON
Top	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
major	O
exposure	O
on	O
the	O
tube	O
is	O
n't	O
just	O
something	O
that	O
makes	O
us	O
curious	O
.	O


``	O
Fortune	B-ORG
''	O
magazine	O
looked	O
into	O
his	O
commercial	O
appeal	O
.	O


There	O
must	O
be	O
some	O
.	O


Andy	B-PERSON
can	O
explain	O
why	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
hot	O
commodity	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
explain	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
sound	O
off	O
.	O


This	O
blows	O
my	O
mind	O
.	O


Probably	O
the	O
most	O
annoying	O
person	O
on	O
the	O
planet	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
say	O
that	O
lightly	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
annoying	O
person	O
on	O
the	O
planet	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
this	O
old	O
blue	O
chip	O
company	O
that	O
uses	O
him	O
as	O
a	O
pitch	O
man	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
never	O
heard	O
of	O
this	O
guy	O
before	O
they	O
started	O
doing	O
these	O
commercials	O
.	O


Now	O
he	O
's	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
famous	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
hitting	O
on	O
girls	O
,	O
advertising	O
long	O
distance	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
this	B-PERSON
Carrot	I-PERSON
Top	I-PERSON
?	O


Does	O
anyone	O
like	O
Carrot	B-PERSON
Top	I-PERSON
?	O


It	O
's	O
disgusting	O
.	O


he	O
flew	O
under	O
my	O
radar	O
.	O


I	O
called	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
to	O
get	O
background	O
on	O
this	O
guy	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
San	I-ORG
Francisco	I-ORG
Chronicle	I-ORG
did	O
a	O
survey	O
with	O
its	O
readers	O
of	O
most	O
annoying	O
celebrities	O
famous	O
for	O
just	O
being	O
famous	O
.	O


Carrot	B-PERSON
Top	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


Kathy	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
Gifford	I-PERSON
number	O
two	B-CARDINAL
.	O


He	O
was	O
n't	O
a	O
celebrity	O
until	O
AT&T	B-ORG
ever	O
made	O
him	O
one	O
.	O


Anybody	O
call	O
you	O
carrot	O
top	O
?	O


Auburn	O
top	O
?	O


Nobody	O
's	O
a	O
celebrity	O
until	O
the	O
media	O
makes	O
him	O
one	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
picking	O
on	O
my	O
friend	O
Susan	B-PERSON
.	O


You	O
're	O
really	O
exercised	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
living	O
.	O


Has	O
somebody	O
from	O
your	O
magazine	O
spent	O
time	O
with	O
him	O
?	O


Yes	O
,	O
and	O
hates	O
him	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
everyone	O
else	O
does	O
.	O


He	O
spent	O
time	O
with	O
this	O
guy	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
Stockholm	O
syndrome	O
.	O


He	O
ended	O
up	O
liking	O
the	O
guy	O
.	O


Maybe	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
nice	O
guy	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
Stockholm	O
syndrome	O
.	O


In	O
defense	O
of	O
Carrot	B-PERSON
Top	I-PERSON
,	O
he	O
knows	O
he	O
's	O
insane	O
and	O
annoying	O
and	O
acknowledges	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
wrote	O
Carrot	B-PERSON
Top	I-PERSON
is	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
C	O
list	O
celebrities	O
who	O
wormed	O
their	O
way	O
into	O
your	O
consciousness	O
without	O
you	O
knowing	O
how	O
it	O
happened	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
a	O
story	O
about	O
a	O
kid	O
who	O
's	O
stormed	O
into	O
our	O
consciousness	O
,	O
LeBron	B-PERSON
James	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
high	O
school	O
basketball	O
phenom	O
out	O
of	O
Ohio	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
just	O
signed	O
,	O
only	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
senior	O
,	O
has	O
not	O
played	O
one	O
nanosecond	O
in	O
the	O
NBA	B-ORG
yet	O
,	O
yet	O
already	O
signed	O
a	O
sneaker	O
deal	O
that	O
AP	B-ORG
reports	O
is	O
worth	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
90	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


LeBron	B-PERSON
James	I-PERSON
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
Cleveland	B-ORG
's	O
top	O
pick	O
after	O
they	O
won	O
the	O
number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
pick	O
in	O
the	O
NBA	B-ORG
lottery	O
.	O


Nike	B-ORG
is	O
hoping	O
the	O
phenom	O
will	O
help	O
boost	O
their	O
sales	O
of	O
basketball	O
shoes	O
to	O
that	O
crucial	O
team	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
course	O
everybody	O
's	O
got	O
an	O
opinion	O
whether	O
the	O
kid	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
skip	O
college	O
and	O
go	O
right	O
into	O
the	O
pros	O
,	O
worth	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
mega	O
bucks	O
.	O


They	O
only	O
paid	O
Tiger	B-PERSON
Woods	I-PERSON
$	B-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
his	O
deal	O
coming	O
out	O
of	O
Stanford	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
but	O
he	O
had	O
an	O
amateur	O
golf	O
career	O
where	O
he	O
posted	O
scores	O
and	O
did	O
things	O
comparable	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
done	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
PGA	I-ORG
Tour	I-ORG
.	O


Nobody	O
knows	O
if	O
this	O
kid	O
can	O
play	O
against	O
Shaquille	B-PERSON
O'Neal	I-PERSON
or	O
not	O
.	O


Nike	B-ORG
and	O
NBA	B-ORG
are	O
looking	O
for	O
the	O
next	O
big	O
thing	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
only	O
of	O
course	O
his	O
basketball	O
skills	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
unquestionable	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
personality	O
.	O


Then	O
if	O
in	O
fact	O
the	O
team	O
he	O
ultimately	O
plays	O
on	O
,	O
whether	O
the	B-ORG
Cleveland	I-ORG
Cavaliers	I-ORG
,	O
or	O
somebody	O
else	O
,	O
whether	O
they	O
actually	O
are	O
any	O
good	O
.	O


Name	O
the	O
starting	O
five	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
Cavaliers	B-ORG
.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
my	O
point	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
the	O
lowest	O
attendance	O
in	O
the	O
NBA	B-ORG
,	O
I	O
checked	O
it	O
out	O
.	O


This	O
guy	O
.	O


Night	O
opens	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
John	I-PRODUCT
C.	I-PRODUCT
Stennis	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


On	O
this	O
deployment	O
they	O
primarily	O
fly	O
after	O
dark	O
so	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
schedule	O
is	O
upside	O
down	O
,	O
the	O
crew	O
sleeps	O
by	O
day	O
and	O
works	O
all	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
.	O


This	O
is	O
day	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
of	O
war	O
time	O
operations	O
for	O
the	O
``	O
Stennis	B-PRODUCT
''	O
and	O
``	O
Operation	B-EVENT
Iraqi	I-EVENT
Freedom	I-EVENT
.	O
''	O


For	O
the	B-TIME
next	I-TIME
12	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
into	O
the	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
planes	O
from	O
the	O
carrier	O
will	O
fly	O
missions	O
over	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
is	O
only	O
a	O
faint	O
orange	O
light	O
on	O
deck	O
,	O
punctuated	O
by	O
this	O
.	O


To	O
adjust	O
their	O
eyes	O
for	O
night	O
vision	O
,	O
crew	O
members	O
make	O
their	O
way	O
through	O
passageways	O
glowing	O
in	O
dim	O
red	O
light	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
flight	O
deck	O
,	O
a	O
walkover	O
check	O
for	O
debris	O
is	O
lit	O
only	O
by	O
flashlight	O
.	O


The	O
dangers	O
of	O
the	O
flight	O
deck	O
being	O
blown	O
overboard	O
by	O
jets	O
,	O
sliced	O
by	O
propellers	O
or	O
other	O
hazards	O
that	O
are	O
hard	O
enough	O
to	O
avoid	O
in	O
daylight	O
are	O
all	O
the	O
more	O
intense	O
at	O
night	O
.	O


The	O
intricate	O
coordination	O
of	O
launch	O
and	O
recovery	O
plays	O
out	O
as	O
a	O
dance	O
in	O
the	O
darkness	O
.	O


The	O
complexity	O
of	O
it	O
all	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
ballet	O
and	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
ballet	O
,	O
the	O
choreographer	O
of	O
the	O
flight	O
deck	O
is	O
this	O
man	O
here	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
handler	O
.	O


Adrenaline	O
is	O
high	O
on	O
the	O
flight	O
deck	O
of	O
this	O
carrier	O
at	O
war	O
.	O


Soon	B-TIME
after	I-TIME
dawn	I-TIME
on	O
this	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
confirmation	O
of	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
first	O
strike	O
.	O


Fourth	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
combat	O
operations	O
today	B-DATE
bore	O
fruit	O
for	O
the	O
air	O
wing	O
and	O
the	O
ship	O
team	O
here	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
F	B-PRODUCT
aircraft	I-PRODUCT
drop	O
laser	O
-	O
guided	O
bombs	O
,	O
Fs	B-PRODUCT
drop	O
Joint	B-PRODUCT
Direct	I-PRODUCT
Attack	I-PRODUCT
Munitions	I-PRODUCT
or	O
J	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
DAM	I-PRODUCT
weapons	O
into	O
eastern	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
an	O
unknown	O
number	O
of	O
strikes	O
we	O
'll	O
conduct	O
during	O
our	O
watch	O
in	O
``	O
Operation	B-EVENT
Enduring	I-EVENT
Freedom	I-EVENT
.	O
''	O


They	O
'll	O
come	O
back	O
high	O
-	O
fiving	O
and	O
feeling	O
pretty	O
good	O
about	O
it	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
a	O
somber	O
event	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
through	O
out	O
here	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
biggest	O
thing	O
you	O
're	O
seeing	O
is	O
the	O
intensity	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
fighter	O
jets	O
dropped	O
their	O
ordnance	O
in	O
a	O
coordinated	O
atack	O
on	O
a	O
convoy	O
near	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
city	O
of	O
Choft	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
says	O
the	O
convoy	O
was	O
Taliban	B-ORG
and	O
al	B-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
troops	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
an	O
attack	O
on	O
a	O
convoy	O
of	O
leadership	O
that	O
was	O
identified	O
through	O
various	O
intelligence	O
means	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
done	O
within	O
the	B-TIME
last	I-TIME
24	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


But	O
the	O
strikes	O
prove	O
controversial	O
.	O


Local	O
Afghans	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
convoy	O
say	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
elders	O
on	O
their	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
inaugural	O
ceremony	O
for	O
interim	O
Afghan	B-NORP
leader	O
Hamid	B-PERSON
Karzai	I-PERSON
.	O


Analysts	O
believe	O
some	O
tribal	O
warlords	O
may	O
have	O
taken	O
advantage	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
firepower	O
by	O
accusing	O
rival	O
leaders	O
of	O
being	O
Taliban	B-ORG
and	O
misguiding	O
U.S.	B-GPE
intelligence	O
.	O


The	O
consequence	O
of	O
injuring	O
or	O
hurting	O
someone	O
who	O
is	O
friendly	O
or	O
nonparticipant	O
in	O
combat	O
is	O
very	O
difficult	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
go	O
to	O
extreme	O
details	O
in	O
--	O
and	O
do	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
training	O
as	O
well	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
happen	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
dropped	O
ordnance	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
we	O
'll	O
continue	O
to	O
drop	O
ordnance	O
,	O
and	O
do	O
it	O
with	O
precision	O
,	O
do	O
it	O
with	O
accuracy	O
,	O
and	O
do	O
it	O
on	O
call	O
when	O
needed	O
first	O
time	O
every	O
time	O
.	O


Holy	O
,	O
holy	O
,	O
holy	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


As	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
John	I-PRODUCT
C.	I-PRODUCT
Stennis	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
ends	O
its	O
first	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
of	O
operations	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Arabian	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
,	O
Christmas	B-DATE
is	O
only	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
away	O
.	O


Though	O
a	O
choir	O
rehearses	O
in	O
the	O
chapel	O
for	O
a	O
Christmas	O
event	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
crew	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
another	O
workday	O
,	O
their	O
first	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
off	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
for	O
another	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
is	O
another	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
for	O
me	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
'm	O
out	O
here	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
look	O
at	O
a	O
calendar	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
stay	O
busy	O
at	O
work	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


But	O
there	O
are	O
other	O
chances	O
for	O
the	O
SMIP	O
to	O
gather	O
like	O
this	O
moment	O
of	O
pride	O
to	O
honor	O
sailors	O
who	O
earned	O
a	O
promotion	O
in	O
rank	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
called	O
a	O
frocking	O
ceremony	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
respect	O
that	O
you	O
'll	O
agree	O
as	O
you	O
walk	O
around	O
this	O
crew	O
is	O
there	O
.	O


As	O
they	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
one	O
another	O
the	O
whole	O
community	O
comes	O
together	O
.	O


they	O
follow	O
together	O
as	O
a	O
team	O
or	O
they	O
win	O
together	O
as	O
a	O
team	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
always	O
encourage	O
them	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
themselves	O
,	O
because	O
if	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
themselves	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
kind	O
of	O
all	O
falls	O
apart	O
at	O
the	O
seams	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Last	O
time	O
we	O
saw	O
this	O
sailor	O
he	O
was	O
washing	O
dishes	O
in	O
the	O
galley	O
.	O


Now	O
he	O
's	O
been	O
promoted	O
,	O
and	O
pilots	O
Sarah	B-PERSON
``	I-PERSON
Clutch	I-PERSON
''	I-PERSON
Joiner	I-PERSON
and	O
Russ	B-PERSON
``	I-PERSON
Gladys	I-PERSON
''	I-PERSON
Knight	I-PERSON
say	O
their	O
final	O
good	O
-	O
byes	O
.	O


Goggles	O
down	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
go	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Before	O
boarding	O
a	O
cargo	O
flight	O
off	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Stennis	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


They	O
'll	O
be	O
home	O
in	O
time	O
for	O
Christmas	B-DATE
.	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
here	O
for	O
four	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
is	O
probably	O
time	O
to	O
go	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
miss	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
pretty	O
much	O
my	O
family	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
or	O
my	O
family	O
away	O
from	O
my	O
family	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Savoring	O
every	B-TIME
last	I-TIME
minute	I-TIME
on	O
the	O
ship	O
,	O
Commander	O
Knight	B-PERSON
rushes	O
to	O
the	O
flight	O
only	B-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
before	O
the	O
door	O
closes	O
.	O


Had	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
tour	O
of	O
my	O
life	O
.	O


19	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
best	O
tour	O
of	O
my	O
life	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


For	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
crew	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
five	B-DATE
more	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
to	O
go	O
in	O
this	O
deployment	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
one	O
knows	O
how	O
long	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
new	O
war	O
on	O
terrorism	O
will	O
keep	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
John	I-PRODUCT
C.	I-PRODUCT
Stennis	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
engaged	O
in	O
battle	O
,	O
on	O
highest	O
alert	O
as	O
a	O
carrier	O
at	O
war	O
.	O


We	O
continue	O
with	O
the	O
pride	O
and	O
professionalism	O
we	O
have	O
shown	O
to	O
date	O
,	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
anything	O
but	O
be	O
successful	O
.	O


Please	O
make	O
sure	O
you	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
your	O
ship	O
.	O


Take	O
care	O
of	O
yourselves	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
an	O
update	O
on	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
running	O
air	O
safety	O
investigation	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
near	O
an	O
airline	O
crashed	O
near	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Kennedy	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
there	O
is	O
controversy	O
whether	O
the	O
disaster	O
could	O
have	O
been	O
averted	O
.	O


265	B-CARDINAL
people	O
died	O
in	O
the	O
November	B-DATE
2001	I-DATE
crash	O
of	O
Flight	B-PRODUCT
587	I-PRODUCT
,	O
hard	O
to	O
forget	O
those	O
images	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
pilots	O
lost	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
plane	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
jet	O
's	O
tail	O
fin	O
broke	O
off	O
.	O


Airbus	B-ORG
strongly	O
denies	O
claims	O
it	O
failed	O
to	O
provide	O
sufficient	O
warning	O
,	O
but	O
critics	O
say	O
Airbus	B-ORG
should	O
have	O
sounded	O
a	O
stronger	O
alarm	O
after	O
a	O
similar	O
incident	O
occurred	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
.	O


That	O
is	O
when	O
American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
Flight	B-PRODUCT
903	I-PRODUCT
ran	O
into	O
trouble	O
on	O
a	O
trip	O
from	O
Boston	B-GPE
to	O
Miami	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
pilots	O
of	O
that	O
plane	O
forcibly	O
applied	O
their	O
rudder	O
to	O
recover	O
from	O
a	O
stall	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
the	O
plane	O
's	O
tail	O
section	O
exceeded	O
its	O
design	O
limits	O
.	O


Pilots	O
managed	O
to	O
land	O
safely	O
,	O
only	O
after	O
a	O
terrifying	O
ordeal	O
for	O
passengers	O
.	O


Melanie	B-PERSON
Joyceon	I-PERSON
joins	O
us	O
from	O
Dallas	B-GPE
.	O


Thanks	O
for	O
being	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


Can	O
you	O
tell	O
me	O
about	O
the	O
flight	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


What	O
happened	O
to	O
you	O
?	O


More	O
now	O
on	O
the	O
Louisiana	B-GPE
serial	O
killings	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
arrest	O
of	O
the	O
prime	O
suspect	O
,	O
Derrick	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
Tee	I-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
W	I-PERSON
.	O


're	O
joined	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
by	O
the	O
police	O
chief	O
of	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
.	O


Can	O
you	O
tell	O
us	O
exactly	O
,	O
the	O
precise	O
details	O
of	O
how	O
you	O
arrested	O
the	O
suspect	O
?	O


Yes	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
,	O
members	O
of	O
my	O
fugitive	O
unit	O
had	O
been	O
looking	O
for	O
the	O
suspect	O
,	O
Derrick	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
all	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
based	O
on	O
information	O
we	O
received	O
from	O
the	O
Baton	B-GPE
Rouge	I-GPE
police	O
chief	O
and	O
the	O
serial	O
murder	O
task	O
force	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Louisiana	B-GPE
.	O


This	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
,	O
about	B-TIME
8:45	I-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
,	O
members	O
of	O
my	O
fugitive	O
unit	O
received	O
a	O
telephone	O
call	O
from	O
an	O
informant	O
saying	O
they	O
thought	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
observed	O
the	O
suspect	O
Derrick	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
Woods	B-FAC
Drive	I-FAC
and	O
Donald	B-FAC
Lee	I-FAC
Holland	I-FAC
Parkway	I-FAC
in	O
southwest	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
officers	O
responded	O
to	O
that	O
location	O
,	O
noticed	O
a	O
suspect	O
fitting	O
the	O
description	O
,	O
approached	O
Derrick	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
,	O
asked	O
for	O
identification	O
.	O


Derrick	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
produced	O
Louisiana	B-GPE
identification	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
arrested	O
without	O
incident	O
,	O
taken	O
into	O
custody	O
and	O
he	O
's	O
currently	O
at	O
Atlanta	B-ORG
Police	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
headquarters	O
pending	O
extradition	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Louisiana	B-GPE
.	O


And	O
just	O
to	O
be	O
clear	O
,	O
--	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
facility	O
was	O
it	O
that	O
you	O
arrested	O
him	O
at	O
?	O


He	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
rear	O
of	O
a	O
tire	O
shop	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
sort	O
of	O
like	O
a	O
mall	O
area	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
was	O
hanging	O
around	O
a	O
tire	O
shop	O
,	O
an	O
automotive	O
tire	O
shop	O
,	O
and	O
someone	O
noticed	O
him	O
,	O
recognized	O
him	O
,	O
made	O
a	O
call	O
to	O
the	O
fugitive	O
unit	O
.	O


We	O
went	O
out	O
this	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
about	B-TIME
8:45	I-TIME
,	O
and	O
sure	O
enough	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
person	O
we	O
were	O
looking	O
for	O
all	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
what	O
--	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
since	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
women	O
's	O
soccer	O
team	O
made	O
history	O
winning	O
the	B-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Cup	I-EVENT
before	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
90,000	I-CARDINAL
fans	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Rose	I-FAC
Bowl	I-FAC
.	O


Everybody	O
remembers	O
that	O
scene	O
.	O


Brandy	B-PERSON
Chastain	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
kick	O
and	O
Mia	B-PERSON
Hamm	I-PERSON
ripping	O
the	O
shirt	O
off	O
.	O


The	B-EVENT
Super	I-EVENT
Bowl	I-EVENT
of	O
women	O
's	O
soccer	O
is	O
returning	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
after	O
concerns	O
about	O
Sars	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
prompted	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
venue	O
for	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
tournament	O
.	O


Lynn	B-PERSON
Morgan	I-PERSON
President	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Soccer	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
is	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
has	O
the	O
job	O
of	O
organizing	O
this	O
global	O
event	O
that	O
has	O
only	O
got	O
four	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
to	O
get	O
put	O
together	O
instead	O
of	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
as	O
usual	O
and	O
she	O
joins	O
us	O
from	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


You	O
see	O
her	O
there	O
.	O


In	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
us	O
now	O
is	O
Mia	B-PERSON
Hamm	I-PERSON
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
stars	O
of	O
the	O
`99	B-DATE
U.S.	B-GPE
team	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
now	O
playing	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Freedom	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
WUSA	B-ORG
.	O


Ladies	O
,	O
thanks	O
for	O
coming	O
out	O
and	O
talking	O
with	O
us	O
this	O
morning	O
.	O


Mia	B-PERSON
,	O
when	O
you	O
heard	O
the	O
news	O
about	O
China	B-GPE
now	O
saying	O
they	O
want	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
to	O
run	O
the	O
tournament	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
heard	O
that	O
,	O
did	O
you	O
think	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
pleasant	O
surprise	O
or	O
you	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
kidding	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
security	O
is	O
tight	O
as	O
Exxon	B-ORG
Mobil	I-ORG
shareholders	O
meet	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
Dallas	B-GPE
.	O


Allan	B-PERSON
Chernoff	I-PERSON
live	O
from	O
the	B-FAC
New	I-FAC
York	I-FAC
Stock	I-FAC
Exchange	I-FAC
to	O
tell	O
us	O
what	O
's	O
behind	O
the	O
precautions	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
got	O
controversy	O
at	O
this	O
meeting	O
.	O


Exxon	B-ORG
Mobil	I-ORG
shareholders	O
set	O
to	O
vote	O
on	O
resolutions	O
dealing	O
with	O
steps	O
to	O
promote	O
global	O
energy	O
and	O
the	O
risks	O
of	O
global	O
warming	O
.	O


Management	O
,	O
not	O
surprisingly	O
,	O
opposes	O
the	O
resolutions	O
.	O


Environmentalists	O
are	O
pressuring	O
the	O
oil	O
giant	O
not	O
to	O
drop	O
its	O
greenhouse	O
emissions	O
limits	O
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
protesters	O
blocked	O
the	O
entrance	O
to	O
protest	O
what	O
they	O
claim	O
is	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
inaction	O
against	O
global	O
warming	O
.	O


Exxon	B-ORG
Mobil	I-ORG
maintains	O
it	O
does	O
take	O
the	O
issue	O
seriously	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
being	O
targeted	O
unfairly	O
zblen	O
ron	O
also	O
engaging	O
in	O
a	O
blame	O
game	O
.	O


Who	O
is	O
the	O
latest	O
target	O
?	O


Very	O
also	O
story	O
with	O
Enron	B-ORG
.	O


A	O
source	O
tells	O
us	O
Enron	B-ORG
is	O
considering	O
suing	O
its	O
own	O
investment	O
bankers	O
for	O
giving	O
it	O
bad	O
financial	O
advice	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
the	O
notorious	O
energy	O
trader	O
is	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
a	O
slew	O
of	O
investigations	O
for	O
alleged	O
financial	O
trickery	O
.	O


Enron	B-ORG
may	O
actually	O
try	O
to	O
blame	O
its	O
bankers	O
,	O
including	O
JPMorgan	B-ORG
Chase	I-ORG
and	O
Citigroup	B-ORG
,	O
for	O
dishing	O
out	O
advice	O
that	O
actually	O
helped	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
downfall	O
.	O


The	O
latest	O
move	O
here	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
push	O
by	O
Enron	B-ORG
's	O
new	O
chief	O
executive	O
to	O
settle	O
pending	O
litigation	O
.	O


JPMorgan	B-ORG
,	O
Citigroup	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
other	O
advisers	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
sued	O
by	O
shareholders	O
and	O
they	O
also	O
face	O
regulatory	O
investigations	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
turn	O
our	O
attention	O
to	O
Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
.	O


We	O
've	O
got	O
some	O
green	O
arrows	O
here	O
.	O


Stocks	O
are	O
struggling	O
to	O
hold	O
on	O
to	O
modest	O
gains	O
right	O
now	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
got	O
solid	O
corporate	O
profit	O
reports	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
of	O
course	O
a	O
little	O
momentum	O
after	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
rally	O
.	O


And	O
let	O
's	O
have	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
up	O
by	O
a	B-QUANTITY
little	I-QUANTITY
more	I-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
five	I-QUANTITY
points	I-QUANTITY
.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
zigging	O
and	O
zagging	O
between	O
green	O
and	O
red	O
.	O


Right	O
now	O
,	O
holding	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
green	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Nasdaq	O
composite	O
also	O
in	O
positive	O
territory	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
still	O
.	O


The	O
Nasdaq	O
at	O
its	O
highest	O
level	O
in	O
nearly	O
--	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
heads	O
to	O
the	O
G	O
summit	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
with	O
victory	O
over	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
and	O
in	O
his	O
pocket	O
and	O
a	O
soaring	O
approval	O
rating	O
by	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
public	O
,	O
but	O
do	O
Europeans	B-NORP
share	O
the	O
same	O
enthusiasm	O
for	O
the	O
President	O
?	O


Our	O
senior	O
political	O
analyst	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Schneider	I-PERSON
reports	O
on	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
brand	O
new	O
poll	O
.	O


A	O
defense	O
attorney	O
calls	O
it	O
his	O
worst	O
nightmare	O
.	O


A	O
convicted	O
murderer	O
is	O
released	O
from	O
prison	O
before	O
serving	O
his	O
full	O
sentence	O
and	O
then	O
a	O
nightmare	O
becomes	O
reality	O
.	O


It	O
happened	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
Sears	I-PERSON
was	O
determined	O
to	O
prove	O
he	O
was	O
no	O
longer	O
a	O
threat	O
.	O


His	O
psychiatrist	O
backed	O
him	O
up	O
.	O


Sears	B-PERSON
was	O
serving	O
a	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
sentence	O
for	O
the	O
self	O
-	O
confessed	O
1992	B-DATE
killing	O
of	O
his	O
wife	O
in	O
Clinton	B-GPE
,	O
Maryland	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
after	O
a	O
relentless	O
campaign	O
that	O
included	O
a	O
letter	O
from	O
his	O
psychiatrist	O
saying	O
Sears	B-PERSON
was	O
unlikely	O
to	O
commit	O
such	O
violence	O
again	O
,	O
the	O
judge	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
got	O
him	O
released	O
.	O


He	O
served	O
less	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
nine	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Maryland	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
only	O
state	O
that	O
allows	O
unchecked	O
judicial	O
reconsideration	O
,	O
allowing	O
judges	O
to	O
reduce	O
prison	O
terms	O
at	O
any	O
time	O
after	O
sentencing	O
.	O


Those	O
favoring	O
the	O
rule	O
say	O
it	O
gives	O
convicts	O
incentive	O
to	O
behave	O
in	O
prison	O
and	O
enables	O
judges	O
to	O
release	O
prisoners	O
if	O
new	O
evidence	O
comes	O
to	O
light	O
.	O


At	O
some	O
point	O
after	O
his	O
release	O
,	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Sears	I-PERSON
befriended	O
a	O
woman	O
named	O
Darlene	B-PERSON
Williamson	I-PERSON
.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
Williamson	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
mother	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
,	O
was	O
found	O
stabbed	O
to	O
death	O
at	O
a	O
condominium	O
in	O
Greenbelt	B-GPE
,	O
Maryland	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
official	O
resident	O
of	O
that	O
condo	O
,	O
the	O
man	O
now	O
charged	O
with	O
her	O
murder	O
,	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Sears	I-PERSON
.	O


Today	B-DATE
the	O
judge	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
retired	O
Prince	B-GPE
Georges	I-GPE
County	I-GPE
Circuit	O
Court	O
Judge	O
issued	O
a	O
statement	O
to	O
the	O
news	O
media	O
.	O


He	O
called	O
the	O
case	O
and	O
I	O
'm	O
quoting	O
now	O
,	O
a	O
judge	O
's	O
worst	O
nightmare	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
noted	O
that	O
Maryland	B-GPE
parole	O
boards	O
and	O
the	O
facility	O
where	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Sears	I-PERSON
was	O
held	O
,	O
the	O
institution	O
made	O
what	O
the	O
judge	O
called	O
the	O
final	O
decision	O
on	O
whether	O
to	O
release	O
Sears	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
psychiatrist	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
who	O
wrote	O
a	O
letter	O
on	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Sears	I-PERSON
'	I-PERSON
behalf	O
,	O
Neil	B-PERSON
Blumberg	I-PERSON
had	O
a	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
word	O
response	O
in	O
an	O
article	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
,	O
My	O
goodness	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
pretty	O
surprised	O
.	O


Sears	B-PERSON
'	O
defense	O
attorney	O
who	O
persuaded	O
the	O
judge	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
sentence	O
,	O
told	O
the	O
Post	B-ORG
and	O
I	O
'm	O
quoting	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
very	O
saddened	O
.	O


It	O
makes	O
me	O
sick	O
as	O
a	O
defense	O
attorney	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
defense	O
attorney	O
it	O
's	O
your	O
worst	O
nightmare	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
get	O
perspective	O
on	O
this	O
shocking	O
case	O
.	O


Glen	B-PERSON
I'vey	I-PERSON
is	O
the	B-GPE
Prince	I-GPE
Georges	I-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
Maryland	B-GPE
,	O
state	O
attorney	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
get	O
more	O
shocking	O
than	O
this	O
.	O


How	O
could	O
this	O
happen	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
their	O
15	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
brought	O
them	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
fame	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
Sir	O
Edmund	B-PERSON
Hillary	I-PERSON
being	O
named	O
an	O
honorary	O
citizen	O
of	O
Nepal	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
mark	O
his	O
historic	O
climb	O
to	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
Mt.	B-LOC
Everest	I-LOC
with	O
Sherpa	B-PERSON
Norgay	I-PERSON
.	O


There	O
is	O
concern	O
climbing	O
Everest	B-LOC
has	O
become	O
too	O
common	O
,	O
and	O
perhaps	O
a	O
bit	O
too	O
commercial	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
we	O
have	O
that	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
anything	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
commercialality	O
.	O


All	O
right	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
show	O
you	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
of	O
Mt.	B-LOC
Everest	I-LOC
,	O
the	O
highest	O
summit	O
on	O
the	O
planet	O
.	O


Some	O
3D	O
imagery	O
.	O


There	O
,	O
you	O
see	O
,	O
the	O
big	O
picture	O
of	O
the	O
southern	O
part	O
of	O
Asia	B-LOC
.	O


We	O
'll	O
bring	O
you	O
down	O
into	O
the	O
Himilayas	B-LOC
.	O


20	B-DATE
million	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
they	O
were	O
formed	O
when	O
India	B-GPE
broke	O
off	O
what	O
was	O
then	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
Africa	B-LOC
and	O
slammed	O
into	O
that	O
portion	O
of	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
creating	O
this	O
tremendous	O
mountain	O
range	O
,	O
with	O
of	O
course	O
Mt.	B-LOC
Everest	I-LOC
at	O
29,000	B-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
above	O
sea	O
level	O
.	O


The	O
highest	O
peak	O
of	O
them	O
all	O
.	O


This	O
3D	O
animation	O
kind	O
of	O
exaggerates	O
it	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
.	O


What	O
I	O
should	O
tell	O
you	O
is	O
there	O
are	O
about	B-CARDINAL
15	I-CARDINAL
possible	O
routes	O
to	O
get	O
you	O
to	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
Mt.	B-LOC
Everest	I-LOC
.	O


What	O
Sir	O
Edmund	B-PERSON
Hillary	I-PERSON
did	O
and	O
Norgay	B-PERSON
did	O
was	O
go	O
along	O
this	O
route	O
that	O
takes	O
them	O
across	O
this	O
valley	O
--	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
turn	O
the	O
picture	O
this	O
way	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
,	O
shoot	O
back	O
over	O
this	O
range	O
,	O
and	O
bring	O
you	O
up	O
in	O
here	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
'll	O
try	O
to	O
give	O
you	O
my	O
best	O
guesstimation	O
.	O


Basically	O
,	O
right	O
along	O
this	O
ridge	O
line	O
up	B-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
29,000	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
,	O
into	O
thin	O
air	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
popularly	O
coined	O
by	O
the	O
book	O
by	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
John	B-PERSON
Crack	I-PERSON
Cower	I-PERSON
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Since	O
that	O
,	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
have	O
tried	O
,	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
have	O
succeeded	O
.	O


175	B-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
died	O
trying	O
to	O
reach	O
the	O
summit	O
of	O
Mt.	B-ORDINAL
Everest	I-ORDINAL
.	O


We	O
're	O
joined	O
by	O
our	O
guest	O
--	O
where	O
is	O
our	O
guest	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
?	O
who	O
is	O
in	O
Kathmandu	B-GPE
.	O


And	O
how	O
's	O
the	O
party	O
going	O
there	O
?	O


Are	O
you	O
there	O
?	O


AOL	B-ORG
Time	I-ORG
Warner	I-ORG
and	O
Microsoft	B-ORG
are	O
burying	O
the	O
hatchet	O
.	O


Allan	B-PERSON
Chernoff	I-PERSON
live	O
from	O
the	B-FAC
New	I-FAC
York	I-FAC
Stock	I-FAC
Exchange	I-FAC
with	O
more	O
.	O


Bring	O
us	O
up	O
to	O
speed	O
.	O


AOL	B-ORG
Time	I-ORG
Warner	I-ORG
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
our	O
parent	O
company	O
.	O


Exactly	O
in	O
question	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Gates	I-PERSON
and	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Parson	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
CEOs	O
of	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
,	O
smoking	O
a	O
peace	O
pipe	O
right	O
now	O
.	O


The	O
companies	O
settling	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
.	O


AOL	B-ORG
Time	I-ORG
Warner	I-ORG
our	O
corporate	O
parent	O
,	O
will	O
get	O
$	B-MONEY
750	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
from	O
Microsoft	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
software	O
giant	O
paying	O
to	O
settle	O
charges	O
it	O
used	O
its	O
monopoly	O
power	O
in	O
after	O
to	O
block	O
the	O
AOL	B-ORG
Netscape	B-PRODUCT
browser	O
.	O


As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
deal	O
,	O
Microsoft	B-ORG
will	O
license	O
its	O
browser	O
to	O
AOL	B-ORG
for	O
seven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
without	O
charging	O
royalties	O
.	O


AOL	B-ORG
is	O
allowed	O
to	O
collaborate	O
with	O
Microsoft	B-ORG
on	O
making	O
their	O
internet	O
messagers	O
work	O
smoothly	O
together	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
$	B-MONEY
750	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
whale	O
of	O
a	O
company	O
Christmas	O
party	O
.	O


What	O
are	O
they	O
really	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
doing	O
with	O
the	O
money	O
?	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
spend	O
it	O
all	O
on	O
a	O
--	O


If	O
you	O
're	O
just	O
starting	O
your	O
week	B-DATE
,	O
Good	O
morning	B-TIME
,	O
once	O
again	O
.	O


7:30	B-TIME
up	O
and	O
down	O
the	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
Coast	I-LOC
.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
``	O
American	B-WORK_OF_ART
Morning	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


overseas	O
,	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
will	O
leave	O
France	B-GPE
in	O
a	B-TIME
few	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
's	I-TIME
time	I-TIME
after	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
meeting	O
face	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	O
in	O
private	O
with	O
French	B-NORP
President	O
Jacque	B-PERSON
Chirac	I-PERSON
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
President	O
called	O
that	O
meeting	O
helpful	O
and	O
said	O
the	O
disagreement	O
between	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
France	B-GPE
over	O
Iraq	B-GPE
does	O
not	O
mean	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
disagreeable	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
travels	O
next	O
to	O
Egypt	B-GPE
and	O
he	O
will	O
enter	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
peace	O
talks	O
at	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


He	O
says	O
he	O
will	O
spend	O
as	O
much	O
time	O
as	O
necessary	O
to	O
achieve	O
peace	O
between	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


A	O
key	O
trip	O
continues	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Want	O
to	O
say	O
hello	O
again	O
to	O
Daryn	B-PERSON
Right	I-PERSON
?	O


Five	B-CARDINAL
motions	O
are	O
being	O
heard	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Boyd	I-PERSON
Malvo	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
teenage	O
sniper	O
suspect	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
for	O
a	O
change	O
of	O
venue	O
.	O


Defense	O
attorneys	O
argue	O
that	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
so	O
much	O
pretrial	O
publicity	O
,	O
including	O
an	O
alleged	O
confession	O
from	O
Malvo	B-PERSON
,	O
that	O
this	O
has	O
tainted	O
the	O
jury	O
pool	O
.	O


Their	O
more	O
intriguing	O
argument	O
is	O
that	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
charges	O
against	O
Malvo	B-PERSON
is	O
under	O
Virginia	B-GPE
's	O
anti-terrorism	O
statute	O
and	O
they	O
argue	O
that	O
every	O
resident	O
of	O
Fairfax	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
is	O
potentially	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
victim	O
's	O
class	O
.	O
And	O
therefore	O
,	O
disqualified	O
from	O
serving	O
as	O
a	O
juror	O
.	O


The	O
prosecutor	O
will	O
argue	O
against	O
this	O
motion	O
.	O


He	O
calls	O
it	O
factually	O
proposterous	O
.	O


If	O
history	O
is	O
any	O
guide	O
,	O
this	O
motion	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
tough	O
time	O
.	O


No	O
case	O
has	O
been	O
moved	O
out	O
of	O
Fairfax	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
since	O
1974	B-DATE
.	O


There	O
also	O
is	O
a	O
motion	O
to	O
dismiss	O
this	O
case	O
.	O


Defense	O
attorneys	O
argue	O
that	O
an	O
individual	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
charged	O
under	O
federal	O
law	O
and	O
then	O
state	O
law	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
act	O
.	O


Prosecutors	O
again	O
will	O
argue	O
against	O
the	O
motion	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
other	O
motions	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
for	O
a	O
handwriting	O
expert	O
,	O
the	O
other	O
motions	O
relate	O
to	O
getting	O
background	O
information	O
relating	O
to	O
ballistics	O
testing	O
and	O
DNA	O
testing	O
.	O


Malvo	B-PERSON
on	O
trial	O
here	O
in	O
Fairfax	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
for	O
the	O
murder	O
of	O
Linda	B-PERSON
Franklin	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
analyst	O
who	O
was	O
gunned	O
down	O
in	O
a	O
Home	B-ORG
Depot	I-ORG
parking	O
lot	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
just	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
sniper	O
shootings	O
here	O
in	O
the	O
greater	O
Washington	B-GPE
area	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
's	O
motions	O
hearing	O
just	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
preliminary	O
skirmishing	O
.	O


The	O
actual	O
trial	O
will	O
be	O
getting	O
under	O
way	O
this	B-DATE
fall	I-DATE
.	O


Jeanne	B-PERSON
Meserve	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
Fairfax	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
Virginia	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
're	O
coming	O
up	O
on	O
23	B-TIME
after	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
on	O
what	O
is	O
shaping	O
up	O
to	O
be	O
a	B-DATE
busy	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
here	O
,	O
but	O
a	B-DATE
joyous	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
for	O
5,000	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
and	O
Marines	B-NORP
and	O
friends	O
and	O
family	O
in	O
the	O
San	B-GPE
Diego	I-GPE
,	O
California	B-GPE
area	O
because	O
the	O
giant	O
U.S.	B-GPE
carrier	O
Constellation	B-PRODUCT
is	O
now	O
returning	O
home	O
from	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Frank	B-PERSON
Buckley	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Diego	I-GPE
and	O
joins	O
us	O
now	O
with	O
the	O
latest	O
scenes	O
from	O
there	O
and	O
the	O
live	O
pictures	O
.	O


Hi	O
,	O
Frank	B-PERSON
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Leon	B-PERSON
,	O
yet	O
another	O
day	O
of	O
incredible	O
home	O
coming	O
.	O


This	O
time	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Constellation	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
coming	O
up	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
coming	O
home	O
for	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
to	O
San	B-GPE
Diego	I-GPE
.	O


It	O
's	O
scheduled	O
for	O
decommissioning	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
.	O


Let	O
me	O
give	O
you	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
the	O
excitement	O
among	O
families	O
.	O


Look	O
at	O
these	O
folks	O
who	O
have	O
not	O
seen	O
their	O
family	O
members	O
for	O
seven	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
as	O
the	O
Constellation	B-PRODUCT
was	O
over	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Persian	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
.	O


Let	O
me	O
take	O
you	O
up	O
top	O
to	O
give	O
you	O
a	O
larger	O
view	O
of	O
how	O
many	O
folks	O
are	O
here	O
at	O
Lima	B-FAC
Pier	I-FAC
.	O


We	O
are	O
expecting	O
some	O
15,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
to	O
greet	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Constellation	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
as	O
it	O
comes	O
home	O
.	O


Among	O
the	O
people	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
here	O
to	O
greet	O
those	O
folks	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
always	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
kissers	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
win	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
kiss	O
lottery	O
and	O
the	O
new	O
dads	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
talk	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
winners	O
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
kiss	O
contest	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
Tammy	B-PERSON
,	O
your	O
husband	O
is	O
David	B-PERSON
.	O


We	O
have	O
little	O
Alisa	B-PERSON
here	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
4	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
today	B-DATE
.	O


Congratulations	O
.	O


Say	O
hi	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


You	O
were	O
telling	O
me	O
you	O
spent	O
30	B-CARDINAL
or	O
$	O
40	B-MONEY
--	O


$	O
30	B-MONEY
or	O
$	O
40	B-MONEY
to	O
get	O
here	O
.	O


The	O
question	O
I	O
asked	O
you	O
earlier	O
,	O
who	O
gets	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
kiss	O
do	O
you	O
?	O


She	O
has	O
agreed	O
,	O
I	O
get	O
to	O
have	O
it	O
and	O
she	O
gets	O
her	O
daddy	O
.	O


Tell	O
me	O
what	O
it	O
feels	O
like	O
to	O
have	O
him	O
almost	O
home	O
.	O


I	O
feel	O
complete	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
whole	O
again	O
.	O


My	O
better	O
half	O
is	O
here	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
wonderful	O
thing	O
to	O
say	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
heard	O
they	O
were	O
finally	O
about	O
to	O
leave	O
harm	O
's	O
way	O
,	O
can	O
you	O
give	O
viewers	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
what	O
that	O
was	O
like	O
for	O
you	O
personally	O
to	O
get	O
that	O
news	O
?	O


Complete	O
relief	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
headed	O
home	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


And	O
what	O
has	O
it	O
been	O
like	O
knowing	O
you	O
get	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
kiss	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
nervous	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
remember	O
how	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
?	O


To	O
a	O
point	O
I	O
'm	O
nervous	O
but	O
I	O
just	O
want	O
him	O
in	O
my	O
arms	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Happy	O
Birthday	O
.	O


Say	O
thank	O
you	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


There	O
are	O
also	O
106	B-CARDINAL
new	O
dads	O
,	O
and	O
among	O
them	O
is	O
the	O
dad	O
of	O
--	O


Look	O
at	O
this	O
beautiful	O
boy	O
who	O
just	O
woke	O
up	O
.	O


this	O
is	O
Trebian	B-PERSON
.	O


Mom	O
is	O
Felicia	B-PERSON
,	O
Typhus	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
new	O
dad	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
telling	O
me	O
this	O
little	O
beautiful	O
boy	O
was	O
born	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
deployment	O
.	O


After	O
deployment	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
born	O
on	O
November	B-DATE
4th	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
they	O
deployed	O
on	O
November	B-DATE
2nd	I-DATE
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
guys	O
had	O
tried	O
or	O
had	O
hoped	O
,	O
prayed	O
he	O
would	O
--	O


We	O
were	O
praying	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
get	O
here	O
on	O
time	O
.	O


Unfortunately	O
he	O
missed	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
through	O
e-mails	O
,	O
pictures	O
,	O
he	O
actually	O
seen	O
him	O
grow	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
okay	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
just	O
like	O
he	O
was	O
there	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
your	O
second	B-ORDINAL
one	O
he	O
has	O
missed	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
one	O
he	O
has	O
missed	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
last	O
.	O


Well	O
we	O
'll	O
have	O
a	O
chat	O
with	O
Typhus	B-PERSON
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


We	O
appreciate	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
get	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
the	O
excitement	O
here	O
,	O
the	O
folks	O
as	O
the	O
home	O
comings	O
are	O
set	O
to	O
get	O
under	O
way	O
here	O
at	O
Lima	B-FAC
Pier	I-FAC
in	O
San	B-GPE
Diego	I-GPE
.	O


Leon	B-PERSON
?	O


I	O
'm	O
amazed	O
.	O


ceases	O
to	O
amaze	O
me	O
how	O
kids	O
can	O
sleep	O
anywhere	O
.	O


That	O
little	O
kid	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
sleep	O
with	O
all	O
that	O
racket	O
going	O
off	O
around	O
you	O
.	O


Amazing	O
.	O


Any	O
idea	O
how	O
many	O
babies	O
are	O
out	O
there	O
,	O
Frank	B-PERSON
?	O


How	O
many	O
babies	O
?	O


Yes	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
--	O


Let	O
's	O
go	O
live	O
now	O
to	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
a	O
rocket	O
.	O


Atop	O
it	O
a	O
European	B-NORP
Mars	B-LOC
observetory	O
.	O


Mars	B-PRODUCT
Express	I-PRODUCT
,	O
it	O
's	O
called	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
watch	O
the	O
launch	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	B-TIME
little	I-TIME
before	I-TIME
midnight	I-TIME
there	O
right	O
now	O
.	O


There	O
it	O
goes	O
.	O


The	B-PRODUCT
Mars	I-PRODUCT
Express	I-PRODUCT
on	O
its	O
way	O
on	O
a	O
seven	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
journey	O
to	O
the	O
red	O
planet	O
,	O
contains	O
really	O
two	B-CARDINAL
spacecraft	O
.	O


An	O
orbiter	O
called	O
Mars	B-PRODUCT
Express	I-PRODUCT
.	O


It	O
will	O
operate	O
orbiting	O
the	O
red	O
planet	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
also	O
has	O
a	O
lander	O
known	O
as	O
Beagle	B-PRODUCT
Two	I-PRODUCT
,	O
named	O
after	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Darwin	I-PERSON
which	O
he	O
sailed	O
to	O
the	O
island	O
and	O
went	O
into	O
its	O
bit	O
of	O
fame	O
.	O


The	B-PRODUCT
Beagle	I-PRODUCT
Two	I-PRODUCT
will	O
sit	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
Mars	B-LOC
for	O
about	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


If	O
all	O
goes	O
well	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
dig	O
around	O
,	O
probe	O
around	O
,	O
analize	O
rocks	O
and	O
search	O
for	O
signs	O
of	O
water	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
find	O
water	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
very	O
likely	O
to	O
find	O
signs	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


There	O
you	O
see	O
some	O
animation	O
of	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
about	B-DATE
seven	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
now	I-DATE
as	O
this	O
tiny	O
little	O
lander	O
dropping	O
off	O
--	O


The	O
entire	O
spacecraft	O
is	O
about	B-QUANTITY
five	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
in	O
any	O
direction	O
,	O
not	O
much	O
bigger	O
than	O
a	O
fairly	O
large	O
shipping	O
crate	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
auguster	O
into	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Red	I-LOC
Planet	I-LOC
and	O
put	O
those	O
samples	O
into	O
various	O
scientific	O
instruments	O
.	O


That	O
data	O
will	O
be	O
sent	O
back	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Space	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
European	B-NORP
mission	O
to	O
Mars	B-LOC
.	O


There	O
have	O
been	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
several	O
American	B-NORP
missions	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Japanese	B-NORP
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
by	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
with	O
some	O
very	O
limited	O
success	O
.	O


Mars	B-LOC
is	O
a	O
tough	O
place	O
to	O
explore	O
.	O


You	O
'll	O
recall	O
December	O
of	O
1998	B-DATE
,	O
I	O
should	O
say	O
,	O
the	B-PRODUCT
Mars	I-PRODUCT
Polar	I-PRODUCT
Lander	I-PRODUCT
had	O
a	O
very	O
unsuccessful	O
conclusion	O
to	O
its	O
flight	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
Red	I-LOC
Planet	I-LOC
,	O
which	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
disasterous	O
Mars	B-LOC
season	B-DATE
.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
meeting	O
with	O
several	O
Arab	B-NORP
leaders	O
.	O


That	O
happens	O
next	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
in	O
a	O
summit	O
focusing	O
on	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
peace	O
initiative	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
expected	O
to	O
win	O
support	O
for	O
his	O
peace	O
making	O
campaign	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
crisis	O
.	O


Earlier	B-TIME
today	I-TIME
,	O
he	O
said	O
a	O
solution	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
derailed	O
by	O
``	O
a	O
few	O
people	O
a	O
few	O
killers	O
,	O
a	O
few	O
terrorists	O
.	O
''	O


Joining	O
us	O
now	O
to	O
discuss	O
that	O
is	O
Rob	B-PERSON
Sabati	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
adjunct	O
professor	O
at	O
Georgetown	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


Good	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
Professor	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
optimistic	O
that	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
actually	O
going	O
to	O
,	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
take	O
the	O
steps	O
and	O
say	O
what	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
said	O
to	O
remove	O
the	O
skepticism	O
that	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
leaders	O
are	O
bringing	O
to	O
the	O
summit	O
?	O


And	O
investigators	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
raise	O
more	O
questions	O
about	O
the	O
disintegration	O
and	O
crash	O
of	O
a	O
China	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
jet	O
last	B-DATE
May	I-DATE
.	O


All	O
225	B-CARDINAL
people	O
aboard	O
were	O
killed	O
.	O


A	O
probe	O
has	O
determined	O
the	O
plane	O
had	O
metal	O
fatigue	O
cracks	O
and	O
metal	O
corrosion	O
.	O


Investigators	O
say	O
the	O
cracks	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
runway	O
accident	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
is	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
stories	O
that	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
news	O
big	O
time	O
again	O
.	O


She	O
resigned	O
as	O
Chairman	O
and	O
CEO	O
of	O
Martha	B-ORG
Stewart	I-ORG
Living	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Omnimedia	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
company	O
that	O
bears	O
her	O
name	O
,	O
after	O
pleading	O
not	O
guilty	O
to	O
a	O
laundry	O
list	O
of	O
charges	O
brought	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
,	O
insider	O
trading	O
,	O
obstruction	O
of	O
justice	O
,	O
conspiracy	O
to	O
hide	O
what	O
they	O
say	O
is	O
an	O
illegal	O
stock	O
sale	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
4,000	B-CARDINAL
shares	O
of	O
stock	O
that	O
netted	O
her	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
225,000	I-MONEY
.	O


How	O
does	O
this	O
compare	O
with	O
other	O
corporate	O
scandals	O
?	O


Enron	B-ORG
's	O
bankruptcy	O
cost	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
their	O
jobs	O
and	O
their	O
life	O
savings	O
and	O
Kenny	B-PERSON
Lay	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
chairman	O
and	O
president	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
that	O
company	O
remain	O
unindicted	O
.	O


The	O
chief	O
financial	O
officer	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
there	O
taking	O
the	O
fall	O
.	O


WorldCom	B-ORG
once	O
employed	O
80,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
and	O
went	O
broke	O
on	O
the	O
largest	O
corporate	O
bankruptcy	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Bernie	B-PERSON
Evers	I-PERSON
is	O
living	O
his	O
life	O
and	O
unindicted	O
.	O


The	O
CEO	O
took	O
the	O
fall	O
there	O
.	O


Tyco	B-ORG
's	O
CEO	O
and	O
President	O
Dennis	B-PERSON
Kozlowski	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
I	O
looked	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
sailing	O
around	O
Martha	B-LOC
Vinyard	I-LOC
on	O
his	O
yacht	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
was	O
worth	O
in	O
the	O
neighborhood	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
so	O
you	O
could	O
make	O
the	O
argument	O
she	O
might	O
have	O
been	O
guilty	O
of	O
stupidity	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
question	O
Is	O
she	O
being	O
unfairly	O
singled	O
out	O
for	O
prosecution	O
?	O


The	O
e-mail	O
address	O
is	O
am@cnn.com.	O
and	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
we	O
'll	O
hear	O
from	O
many	O
of	O
you	O
and	O
we	O
will	O
select	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
responses	O
and	O
share	O
them	O
with	O
you	O
a	O
bit	O
later	O
.	O


What	O
makes	O
something	O
worth	O
a	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
have	O
to	O
grab	O
the	O
phone	O
after	O
losing	O
two	B-CARDINAL
grand	I-CARDINAL
with	O
a	O
falling	O
stock	O
price	O
?	O


It	O
could	O
be	O
arrogance	O
or	O
factors	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
powerful	O
woman	O
and	O
the	O
celebrity	O
--	O


That	O
standing	O
ovation	O
that	O
Sammy	B-PERSON
Sosa	I-PERSON
got	O
at	O
Wrigley	B-FAC
Field	I-FAC
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
.	O


A	O
Major	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
Baseball	I-ORG
official	O
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
conduct	O
interviews	O
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
.	O


Those	O
interviews	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
factor	O
as	O
the	O
league	O
decides	O
how	O
Sammy	B-PERSON
Sosa	I-PERSON
will	O
be	O
punished	O
for	O
using	O
a	O
cork	O
-	O
filled	O
bat	O
.	O


Our	O
Gary	B-PERSON
Tuchman	I-PERSON
is	O
live	O
.	O


Good	O
morning	B-TIME
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
Cub	B-ORG
's	O
player	O
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
,	O
once	O
again	O
,	O
Sammy	B-PERSON
Sosa	I-PERSON
will	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
lineup	O
but	O
he	O
could	O
find	O
out	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
today	B-DATE
what	O
his	O
punishment	O
will	O
be	O
and	O
how	O
many	O
games	O
he	O
'll	O
be	O
suspended	O
for	O
.	O


Last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
when	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
play	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
fans	O
on	O
Wrigley	B-FAC
Field	I-FAC
gave	O
him	O
a	O
standing	O
ovation	O
.	O


In	O
all	O
fairness	O
,	O
not	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
totally	O
believed	O
Sammy	B-PERSON
Sosa	I-PERSON
but	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
hero	O
here	O
and	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
believe	O
Sammy	B-PERSON
Sosa	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
hit	O
the	O
ground	O
ball	O
on	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
inning	O
,	O
that	O
scored	O
a	O
run	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
run	O
was	O
taken	O
away	O
.	O


Sosa	B-PERSON
was	O
kicked	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
after	O
he	O
was	O
found	O
out	O
he	O
had	O
a	O
cork	O
during	O
the	O
bat	O
.	O


He	O
meant	O
not	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
during	O
the	O
game	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
did	O
use	O
it	O
during	O
the	O
game	O
.	O


Major	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
Baseball	I-ORG
took	O
76	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
bats	O
and	O
x-rayed	O
them	O
for	O
cork	O
.	O


Those	O
x-rays	O
were	O
negative	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
conducted	O
by	O
a	O
trained	O
radiological	O
technician	O
.	O


We	O
believe	O
the	O
x-ray	O
process	O
was	O
sufficient	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
those	O
bats	O
and	O
we	O
're	O
very	O
confident	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
those	O
bats	O
were	O
clean	O
and	O
had	O
no	O
foreign	O
substances	O
within	O
them	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
mistake	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
all	O
human	O
and	O
we	O
all	O
made	O
a	O
mistake	O
.	O


Nobody	O
's	O
perfect	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
upon	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
with	O
the	O
bat	O
,	O
we	O
assumed	O
was	O
not	O
cork	O
,	O
Sammy	B-PERSON
Sosa	I-PERSON
struck	O
out	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
up	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
hit	O
a	O
single	O
in	O
the	O
ninth	B-ORDINAL
inning	O
in	O
a	O
losing	O
effort	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Chicago	I-ORG
Cubs	I-ORG
.	O


Back	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
concern	O
with	O
the	O
huge	O
series	O
there	O
this	O
weekend	O
with	O
the	O
Yankees	B-ORG
coming	O
to	O
town	O
that	O
Sammy	B-PERSON
would	O
be	O
suspended	O
during	O
that	O
.	O


The	O
Yankees	B-ORG
vpts	O
been	O
to	O
Wrigley	B-FAC
Field	I-FAC
since	O
the	O
1930s	B-DATE
since	O
they	O
played	O
the	O
Cubs	B-ORG
in	O
the	O
1930s	B-DATE
.	O


Sosa	B-PERSON
could	O
get	O
a	O
suspension	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
could	O
appeal	O
suspension	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
play	O
against	O
the	O
Yankees	B-ORG
,	O
he	O
probably	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
.	O


Gary	B-PERSON
Tuchman	I-PERSON
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
.	O


Thanks	O
so	O
much	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
bring	O
Jack	B-PERSON
back	O
in	O
with	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
the	O
day	O
and	O
Bill	B-PERSON
's	O
also	O
joining	O
us	O
from	O
D.C.	B-GPE
.	O


Hello	O
,	O
William	B-PERSON
.	O


Over	O
your	O
shoulder	O
,	O
Jack	B-PERSON
.	O


Keeping	O
an	O
eye	O
on	O
us	O
.	O


Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
unfairly	O
singled	O
out	O
for	O
prosecution	O
or	O
is	O
she	O
getting	O
what	O
she	O
deserved	O
?	O


Jim	B-PERSON
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


I	O
've	O
despised	O
Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
for	O
years	O
before	O
the	O
ImClone	B-ORG
scandal	O
,	O
but	O
all	O
this	O
prosecution	O
does	O
is	O
how	O
biased	O
prosecutors	O
are	O
when	O
they	O
deal	O
with	O
moguls	O
who	O
strip	O
the	O
hopes	O
of	O
investors	O
.	O


CEOs	O
,	O
sleaze	O
walk	O
free	O
,	O
market	O
should	O
be	O
free	O
to	O
stroll	O
right	O
along	O
with	O
them	O
into	O
the	O
CEO	O
hall	O
of	O
shame	O
.	O


Joe	B-PERSON
in	O
Michigan	B-GPE
,	O
prosecute	O
.	O


When	O
your	O
skit	O
in	O
life	O
is	O
professing	O
trust	O
and	O
integrity	O
and	O
you	O
violate	O
that	O
responsilibity	O
to	O
your	O
believing	O
public	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
should	O
be	O
done	O
.	O


Jude	B-PERSON
Nith	I-PERSON
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
says	O
I	O
never	O
liked	O
Martha	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
now	O
she	O
's	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
good	O
--	O


All	O
lumber	O
,	O
no	O
filler	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
verdict	O
after	O
baseball	O
officials	O
x-rayed	O
Sammy	B-PERSON
Sosa	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
entire	O
inventory	O
of	O
bats	O
and	O
found	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
cork	O
or	O
any	O
other	O
substance	O
.	O


That	O
seems	O
to	O
support	O
his	O
contention	O
that	O
the	O
bat	O
got	O
him	O
ejected	O
Tuesday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
was	O
a	O
fluke	O
.	O


Still	O
a	O
decision	O
on	O
what	O
,	O
if	O
any	O
punishment	O
he	O
will	O
face	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
that	O
incident	O
Tuesday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
.	O


Gary	B-PERSON
Tuchman	I-PERSON
standing	O
by	O
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
the	O
latest	O
on	O
the	O
Sosa	B-PERSON
saga	O
outside	O
of	O
Wrigley	B-FAC
Field	I-FAC
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Leon	O
,	O
hello	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Three	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
from	O
now	O
the	B-ORG
Chicago	I-ORG
Cubs	I-ORG
take	O
the	O
field	O
against	O
the	B-ORG
Tampa	I-ORG
Bay	I-ORG
Devil	I-ORG
Rays	I-ORG
here	O
at	O
Wrigley	B-FAC
Field	I-FAC
and	O
Sammy	B-PERSON
Sosa	I-PERSON
will	O
be	O
out	O
there	O
with	O
them	O
but	O
how	O
long	O
will	O
he	O
?	O


We	O
could	O
find	O
out	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


His	O
punishment	O
,	O
suspension	O
for	O
using	O
a	O
corked	O
bat	O
which	O
is	O
illegal	O
during	O
a	O
game	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
incident	O
33,000	B-CARDINAL
fans	O
in	O
the	O
stands	O
for	O
a	O
night	O
game	O
he	O
received	O
a	O
standing	O
ovation	O
from	O
almost	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
heard	O
a	O
few	O
boos	O
but	O
almost	O
everyone	O
standing	O
.	O


Not	O
everyone	O
believing	O
this	O
man	O
's	O
story	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
mistake	O
but	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
hero	O
here	O
.	O


These	O
people	O
want	O
to	O
believe	O
his	O
story	O
.	O


It	O
happened	O
Tuesday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
.	O


In	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
inning	O
he	O
hit	O
a	O
ground	O
ball	O
,	O
scored	O
a	O
run	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
hit	O
the	O
ball	O
,	O
the	O
bat	O
broke	O
.	O


The	O
umpires	O
found	O
cork	O
in	O
the	O
bat	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
illegal	O
because	O
when	O
you	O
put	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
bat	O
it	O
makes	O
the	O
bat	O
lighter	O
.	O


They	O
hollow	O
out	O
the	O
bat	O
and	O
stick	O
the	O
cork	O
in	O
there	O
to	O
mask	O
the	O
hollow	O
sound	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
can	O
swing	O
it	O
lighter	O
and	O
you	O
can	O
swing	O
it	O
faster	O
.	O


They	O
took	O
76	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
bats	O
for	O
analysis	O
.	O


They	O
x-rayed	O
the	O
bats	O
.	O


The	O
x-rays	O
all	O
came	O
back	O
negative	O
.	O


But	O
did	O
Major	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
Baseball	I-ORG
have	O
all	O
of	O
Sammy	B-PERSON
Sosa	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
bats	O
?	O


We	O
are	O
,	O
as	O
I	O
said	O
,	O
confident	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
security	O
in	O
the	O
club	O
house	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
cooperation	O
,	O
the	O
record	O
keeping	O
that	O
we	O
reviewed	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
,	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
bats	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
anyone	O
to	O
misconstrue	O
what	O
I	O
said	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
conceivable	O
because	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
physical	O
presence	O
in	O
the	O
club	O
house	O
that	O
we	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
them	O
all	O
but	O
we	O
are	O
very	O
confident	O
that	O
we	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
man	O
enough	O
to	O
take	O
everything	O
that	O
I	O
've	O
done	O
for	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
still	O
walk	O
yesterday	B-DATE
like	O
a	O
man	O
and	O
take	O
the	O
blame	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
media	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
they	O
got	O
it	O
like	O
I	O
'm	O
a	O
criminal	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
something	O
that	O
really	O
bothered	O
me	O
and	O
hurt	O
me	O
as	O
a	O
man	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Now	O
,	O
why	O
did	O
Sammy	B-PERSON
Sosa	I-PERSON
have	O
this	O
corked	O
bat	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
he	O
has	O
it	O
because	O
he	O
uses	O
it	O
for	O
batting	O
practice	O
to	O
put	O
on	O
a	O
show	O
for	O
the	O
fans	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
him	O
how	O
many	O
times	O
he	O
's	O
used	O
it	O
during	O
batting	O
practice	O
and	O
he	O
says	O
three	B-CARDINAL
or	O
four	B-CARDINAL
times	O
.	O


That	O
raises	O
the	O
question	O
Does	O
Major	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
Baseball	I-ORG
have	O
a	O
rule	O
about	O
using	O
corked	O
bats	O
during	O
batting	O
practice	O
.	O


We	O
asked	O
--	O


Let	O
's	O
look	O
now	O
at	O
a	O
potential	O
rising	O
star	O
from	O
the	O
next	O
generation	O
in	O
the	O
sports	O
realm	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Basketball	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
holds	O
its	O
draft	O
on	O
the	O
26th	B-ORDINAL
of	O
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Ohio	B-GPE
high	O
school	O
player	O
,	O
high	O
school	O
,	O
we	O
said	O
,	O
LeBron	B-PERSON
James	I-PERSON
,	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
top	O
dog	O
.	O


Most	O
likely	O
drafted	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Cleveland	I-ORG
Cavaliers	I-ORG
get	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
pick	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
status	O
.	O


James	B-PERSON
already	O
scored	O
back	O
in	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
90	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Nike	B-ORG
deal	O
.	O


$	B-MONEY
90	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


But	O
when	O
basketball	O
fans	O
were	O
asked	O
in	O
a	O
Cnn	B-ORG
/	O
``	B-ORG
USA	I-ORG
Today	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
poll	O
just	O
how	O
good	O
James	B-PERSON
will	O
be	O
,	O
18	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
say	O
he	O
'll	O
be	O
among	O
the	O
best	O
.	O


Slim	O
margin	O
.	O


Most	O
think	O
he	O
'll	O
be	O
very	O
good	O
.	O


Another	B-PERCENT
18	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
are	O
convinced	O
he	O
'll	O
be	O
just	O
average	O
or	O
below	O
.	O


Skeptical	O
fans	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
that	O
$	B-MONEY
90	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
shoe	O
contract	O
with	O
Nike	B-ORG
,	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
deal	O
for	O
James	B-PERSON
.	O


No	O
doubt	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


33	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
basketball	O
fans	O
see	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
bad	O
deal	O
for	O
Nike	B-ORG
.	O


They	O
must	O
know	O
something	O
about	O
shoes	O
.	O


The	O
fire	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
massive	O
lawsuit	O
filed	O
today	B-DATE
by	O
four	B-CARDINAL
survivors	O
and	O
the	O
families	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
victims	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
suing	O
27	B-CARDINAL
defendants	O
including	O
the	O
club	O
,	O
the	O
band	O
,	O
companies	O
with	O
ties	O
to	O
the	O
club	O
,	O
the	O
town	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


All	O
told	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
seeking	O
$	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


That	O
's	O
only	O
that	O
one	O
group	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
federal	O
suit	O
because	O
the	O
plaintiffs	O
are	O
from	O
out	O
of	O
state	O
but	O
Rhode	B-GPE
Island	I-GPE
residents	O
are	O
pursuing	O
suits	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
by	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Castle	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
lost	O
25	B-CARDINAL
friends	O
in	O
that	O
blaze	O
.	O


He	O
joins	O
us	O
tonight	B-TIME
from	O
Providence	B-GPE
,	O
Rhode	B-GPE
Island	I-GPE
,	O
along	O
with	O
his	O
lawyer	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Resmini	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
they	O
're	O
getting	O
set	O
up	O
.	O


Walter	B-PERSON
Castle	I-PERSON
,	O
as	O
we	O
said	O
,	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
building	O
,	O
was	O
not	O
injured	O
physically	O
on	O
the	O
outside	O
,	O
but	O
had	O
internal	O
damages	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
things	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
talk	O
with	O
him	O
about	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
looking	O
at	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
images	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
quick	O
break	O
while	O
we	O
get	O
them	O
miked	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
'll	O
do	O
the	O
interview	O
right	O
after	O
.	O


Yeah	O
,	O
sprinkles	O
would	O
be	O
great	O
!	O


Announcer	O
:	O


Lost	O
your	O
wallet	O
?	O


We	O
'll	O
help	O
you	O
replace	O
any	O
major	O
credit	O
card	O
,	O
24	B-CARDINAL
/	O
7	O
...	O
when	O
you	O
carry	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
traveller	O
's	O
cheques	O
.	O


Available	O
at	O
a	O
bank	O
near	O
you	O
.	O


No	O
longer	O
available	O
at	O
most	O
AAA	B-ORG
offices	O
.	O


Sprinkles	O
.	O


The	O
Brits	B-NORP
and	O
Poles	B-NORP
are	O
there	O
.	O


NGOs	O
and	O
international	O
relief	O
organizations	O
are	O
now	O
helping	O
us	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
good	O
thing	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
U.N.	B-ORG
has	O
sent	O
a	O
special	O
representative	O
,	O
an	O
experienced	O
ambassador	O
pursuant	O
to	O
the	O
14	O
--	O


Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
is	O
n't	O
the	O
only	O
corporate	O
figurehead	O
in	O
the	O
news	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
jury	O
has	O
handed	O
down	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
a	O
Grand	B-GPE
Rapids	I-GPE
jury	O
saying	O
Taco	B-ORG
Bell	I-ORG
has	O
to	O
pay	O
the	O
true	O
creators	O
of	O
the	O
Chihuahua	O
mascot	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
claimed	O
their	O
idea	O
originated	O
,	O
and	O
proved	O
I	O
am	O
in	O
the	O
wrong	O
business	O
.	O


Taco	B-ORG
Bell	I-ORG
is	O
appealing	O
.	O


Joining	O
me	O
is	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Rinks	I-PERSON
with	O
his	O
attorney	O
John	B-PERSON
Doza	I-PERSON
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
,	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
happy	O
with	O
the	O
settlement	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
appeal	O
,	O
but	O
first	B-ORDINAL
tell	O
me	O
how	O
you	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
Chihuahua	O
character	O
?	O


Joe	B-PERSON
and	O
myself	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
the	O
partner	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
looking	O
to	O
design	O
some	O
licenses	O
to	O
put	O
on	O
some	O
t	O
-	O
shirts	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
big	O
dogs	O
were	O
big	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
mean	O
dogs	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
fear	O
was	O
a	O
big	O
hit	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
time	O
for	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
a	O
change	O
for	O
the	O
18	B-CARDINAL
crowd	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
actually	O
took	O
the	O
opposite	O
of	O
all	O
that	O
,	O
and	O
looked	O
for	O
the	O
smallest	O
,	O
weakest	O
,	O
most	O
timid	O
animal	O
,	O
and	O
tried	O
to	O
make	O
him	O
cool	O
,	O
tried	O
to	O
make	O
him	O
big	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
knew	O
if	O
he	O
gave	O
him	O
some	O
spunk	O
,	O
everybody	O
would	O
root	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


How	O
did	O
the	O
Taco	B-ORG
Bell	I-ORG
folks	O
run	O
into	O
you	O
?	O


They	O
actually	O
came	O
to	O
us	O
at	O
a	O
licensing	O
show	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
been	O
licensing	O
to	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
different	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
we	O
were	O
at	O
a	O
show	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
where	O
Nick	B-PERSON
Loada	I-PERSON
and	O
Universal	B-ORG
Studios	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Taco	B-ORG
Bell	I-ORG
walked	O
up	O
to	O
us	O
and	O
said	O
they	O
were	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
masscot	O
for	O
their	O
brand	O
and	O
this	O
would	O
be	O
perfect	O
.	O


That	O
started	O
a	O
year	O
relationship	O
we	O
had	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
went	O
on	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
you	O
thought	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
pan	O
out	O
and	O
then	O
you	O
pick	O
up	O
a	O
trade	O
paper	O
and	O
read	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
ahead	O
with	O
it	O
?	O


After	O
we	O
'd	O
finalized	O
all	O
the	O
commercials	O
,	O
and	O
actually	O
done	O
the	O
campaign	O
for	O
them	O
,	O
they	O
hired	O
a	O
new	O
ad	O
agency	O
,	O
and	O
telephone	O
calls	O
just	O
started	O
staggering	O
off	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
stopped	O
coming	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
heard	O
about	O
the	O
ads	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
exactly	O
what	O
we	O
had	O
presented	O
for	O
over	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


When	O
you	O
first	B-ORDINAL
heard	O
that	O
,	O
or	O
read	O
that	O
,	O
did	O
you	O
just	O
go	O
ballistic	O
?	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
no	O
offense	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
you	O
and	O
one	O
other	O
guy	O
who	O
created	O
this	O
thing	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
a	O
huge	O
,	O
huge	O
corporation	O
.	O


Yeah	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
devastating	O
,	O
to	O
say	O
the	O
least	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
really	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
--	O


We	O
begin	O
tonight	B-TIME
talking	O
about	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
justice	O
system	O
deals	O
with	O
those	O
accused	O
or	O
suspected	O
of	O
terrorism	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
'll	O
talk	O
more	O
about	O
that	O
in	O
just	O
a	O
moment	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
though	O
with	O
what	O
some	O
believe	O
is	O
a	O
case	O
in	O
point	O
from	O
Tampa	B-GPE
,	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
Samuel	B-PERSON
Arianna	I-PERSON
a	O
former	O
college	O
professor	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
who	O
was	O
arrested	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
and	O
charged	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
North	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
head	O
of	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
group	O
Islamic	B-ORG
Jihad	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
was	O
told	O
today	B-DATE
he	O
will	O
have	O
his	O
day	O
in	O
court	O
.	O


Only	O
his	O
day	O
in	O
court	O
wo	O
n't	O
come	O
until	O
January	B-DATE
2005	I-DATE
.	O


Lawyers	O
for	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
men	O
arrested	O
with	O
him	O
say	O
they	O
need	O
that	O
much	O
time	O
to	O
go	O
over	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
evidence	O
and	O
prepare	O
their	O
case	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
indicted	O
men	O
are	O
out	O
on	O
bond	O
,	O
but	O
Samiel	B-PERSON
Aryan	I-PERSON
and	O
other	O
defendant	O
are	O
held	O
without	O
bond	O
which	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
they	O
will	O
stay	O
in	O
jail	O
until	O
the	O
trial	O
starts	O
in	O
roughly	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
conflict	O
over	O
individual	O
liberty	O
and	O
national	O
security	O
is	O
hardly	O
new	O
.	O


President	O
Lincoln	B-PERSON
dealt	O
with	O
it	O
during	O
the	B-EVENT
civil	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
,	O
F.D.R.	O
did	O
in	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
often	O
true	O
that	O
decisions	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
heat	O
of	O
a	O
moment	O
,	O
a	O
war	O
or	O
after	O
an	O
attack	O
look	O
pretty	O
good	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
not	O
so	O
good	O
as	O
time	O
passes	O
.	O


Whether	O
that	O
is	O
true	O
now	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
say	O
.	O


Others	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
have	O
thoughts	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Barr	B-PERSON
is	O
among	O
them	O
,	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
from	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Georgia	B-GPE
,	O
former	O
prosecutor	O
and	O
about	O
the	O
last	O
person	O
on	O
the	O
planet	O
that	O
you	O
would	O
ever	O
call	O
a	O
blying	O
liberal	O
.	O


He	O
joins	O
us	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


We	O
are	O
always	O
glad	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
.	O


Congressman	O
,	O
good	O
evening	B-TIME
.	O


We	O
now	O
return	O
to	O
``	O
People	B-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
News	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Reporter	O
:	O


For	O
Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
seems	O
business	O
is	O
everything	O
,	O
and	O
everywhere	O
.	O


Stewart	B-PERSON
has	O
found	O
the	O
road	O
to	O
fortune	O
wherever	O
she	O
has	O
traveled	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
temptation	O
for	O
any	O
successful	O
entrepreneur	O
to	O
go	O
global	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Her	O
marketing	O
vision	O
also	O
included	O
KMart	B-ORG
a	O
company	O
that	O
recently	O
emerged	O
from	O
bankruptcy	O
.	O


Okay	O
,	O
girls	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Stewart	B-PERSON
is	O
associated	O
with	O
Kmart	B-ORG
since	O
1987	B-DATE
and	O
been	O
very	O
successful	O
.	O


The	O
goal	O
had	O
been	O
to	O
bring	O
affordable	O
style	O
to	O
the	O
masse	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
reason	O
she	O
was	O
successful	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
stuff	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
created	O
people	O
like	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
good	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
useful	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
appealing	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
attractive	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
cheap	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Even	O
as	O
Kmart	B-ORG
struggled	O
through	O
financial	O
difficulties	O
,	O
Stewart	B-PERSON
stuck	O
by	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
run	O
out	O
on	O
a	O
partner	O
that	O
's	O
down	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
our	O
style	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Now	O
Stewart	B-PERSON
is	O
hoping	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
run	O
out	O
on	O
her	O
.	O


The	O
celebrity	O
indicted	O
on	O
charges	O
stemming	O
from	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
ImClone	B-ORG
stock	O
.	O


Stewart	B-PERSON
and	O
former	O
ImClone	B-ORG
CEO	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Waksal	I-PERSON
shared	O
a	O
broker	O
who	O
now	O
also	O
faces	O
charges	O
of	O
obstruction	O
of	O
justice	O
and	O
perjury	O
.	O


Her	O
defense	O
has	O
been	O
that	O
she	O
had	O
a	O
standing	O
sell	O
order	O
at	O
$	O
60	B-MONEY
and	O
when	O
the	O
stock	O
fell	O
below	O
60	B-CARDINAL
the	O
broker	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
make	O
the	O
trade	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
been	O
standing	O
with	O
that	O
story	O
.	O


The	O
broker	O
standing	O
by	O
that	O
story	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
reason	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
holding	O
is	O
because	O
there	O
are	O
other	O
people	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Merrill	I-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
that	O
investigated	O
and	O
did	O
n't	O
find	O
proof	O
that	O
was	O
actually	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


After	O
Stewart	B-PERSON
was	O
charged	O
by	O
federal	O
authorities	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
her	O
lawyers	O
issued	O
a	O
statement	O
in	O
which	O
they	O
said	O
,	O
quote	O
,	O
Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
has	O
done	O
nothing	O
wrong	O
.	O


The	O
accusation	O
that	O
Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
sold	O
the	O
ImClone	B-ORG
shares	O
based	O
on	O
inside	O
information	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
false	O
.	O


If	O
she	O
lied	O
,	O
then	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
obstruction	O
of	O
justice	O
charge	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
criminal	O
side	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
where	O
the	O
prison	O
time	O
comes	O
in	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


For	O
Stewart	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
fallout	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
taken	O
a	O
tremendous	O
toll	O
.	O


Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
told	O
me	O
that	O
the	O
investigation	O
itself	O
had	O
cost	O
her	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
in	O
decline	O
in	O
her	O
stock	O
,	O
legal	O
fees	O
,	O
and	O
lost	O
business	O
opportunities	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Ironic	O
,	O
considering	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
the	O
ImClone	B-ORG
stock	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
gain	O
of	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
50,000	I-MONEY
.	O


She	O
'll	O
never	O
fully	O
recover	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
almost	O
like	O
e.g.	O
you	O
get	O
off	O
the	O
hook	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
you	O
really	O
off	O
the	O
hook	O
because	O
people	O
always	O
believe	O
you	O
were	O
guilty	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
win	O
back	O
that	O
sort	O
of	O
brand	O
equity	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
lost	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Stewart	B-PERSON
is	O
vowing	O
to	O
clear	O
her	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
charges	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
so	O
focused	O
and	O
so	O
determined	O
that	O
this	O
investigation	O
,	O
while	O
terribly	O
upsetting	O
,	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
something	O
that	O
's	O
stood	O
in	O
her	O
way	O
.	O


As	O
only	O
she	O
would	O
,	O
she	O
said	O
,	O
Look	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
lose	O
any	O
sleep	O
.	O


I	O
still	O
sleep	O
my	O
three	B-TIME
or	I-TIME
four	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
a	O
night	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


He	O
says	O
Stewart	B-PERSON
is	O
still	O
taken	O
aback	O
by	O
the	O
reaction	O
to	O
her	O
legal	O
troubles	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
she	O
's	O
been	O
stunned	O
at	O
how	O
much	O
joy	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
have	O
taken	O
at	O
her	O
misfortune	O
.	O


She	O
does	O
n't	O
quite	O
understand	O
that	O
the	O
perfectionism	O
that	O
made	O
her	O
so	O
famous	O
also	O
makes	O
people	O
say	O
,	O
Oh	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
fun	O
to	O
see	O
someone	O
like	O
that	O
have	O
a	O
big	O
,	O
big	O
problem	O
?	O


Reporter	O
:	O


A	O
perfectionism	O
reflected	O
in	O
even	O
the	O
smallest	O
details	O
of	O
Stewart	B-PERSON
's	O
life	O
.	O


Martha	B-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
like	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
how	O
unpleasant	O
things	O
have	O
been	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
signals	O
of	O
it	O
in	O
surprising	O
ways	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
sat	O
down	O
to	O
lunch	O
,	O
she	O
had	O
put	O
out	O
these	O
beautiful	O
chop	O
sticks	O
which	O
I	O
commented	O
on	O
.	O


She	O
said	O
,	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
person	O
with	O
the	O
thinnest	O
chop	O
sticks	O
has	O
the	O
highest	O
social	O
status	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
thinnest	O
chop	O
sticks	O
.	O


Then	O
she	O
paused	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
That	O
's	O
why	O
people	O
hate	O
me	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Love	O
her	O
or	O
hate	O
her	O
,	O
Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
has	O
tied	O
every	O
aspect	O
of	O
her	O
image	O
to	O
her	O
business	O
.	O


Even	O
her	O
daily	O
calendar	O
turned	O
into	O
a	O
marketing	O
tool	O
.	O


She	O
said	O
to	O
me	O
once	O
that	O
my	O
life	O
is	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Truman	I-WORK_OF_ART
Show	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
meant	O
I	O
'm	O
always	O
on	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
time	O
I	O
get	O
up	O
until	O
I	O
go	O
to	O
bed	O
,	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
is	O
watching	O
.	O


Hello	O
,	O
everyone	O
.	O


Did	O
you	O
--	O


Up	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
on	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
CNN	I-WORK_OF_ART
Live	I-WORK_OF_ART
Today	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
sentencing	O
this	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Waksal	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
man	O
at	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
scandal	O
.	O


He	O
could	O
become	O
the	O
highest	O
ranking	O
executive	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
prison	O
in	O
the	O
recent	O
series	O
of	O
corporate	O
scandals	O
.	O


CNN	B-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
correspondent	O
Chris	B-PERSON
Huntington	I-PERSON
is	O
outside	O
the	O
federal	O
courthouse	O
where	O
sentencing	O
is	O
under	O
way	O
.	O


Chris	B-PERSON
?	O


It	O
is	O
11:00	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
on	O
the	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
Coast	I-LOC
.	O


From	O
the	B-FAC
CNN	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
in	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
'm	O
Fred	B-PERSON
Fred	I-PERSON
.	O


A	O
first	B-ORDINAL
here	O
on	O
``	O
CNN	B-WORK_OF_ART
Live	I-WORK_OF_ART
Today	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
a	O
spiraling	O
cycle	O
of	O
violence	O
threatening	O
the	O
latest	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
peace	O
efforts	O
.	O


This	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
Hamas	B-ORG
vows	O
revenge	O
for	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
missile	O
attack	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
hospital	O
gun	O
ships	O
fired	O
on	O
a	O
jeep	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
strike	O
targeted	O
a	O
Hamas	B-ORG
leader	O
,	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
people	O
were	O
killed	O
including	O
a	O
mother	O
and	O
bodyguard	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Hanna	I-PERSON
is	O
tracking	O
the	O
latest	O
developments	O
from	O
there	O
.	O


He	O
joins	O
us	O
live	O
with	O
the	O
details	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
?	O


We	O
're	O
following	O
an	O
important	O
story	O
that	O
's	O
developed	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
helicopter	O
air	O
strikes	O
against	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
targets	O
,	O
Hamas	B-ORG
targets	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
airstrike	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
,	O
a	O
mother	O
and	O
a	O
child	O
apparently	O
.	O


A	O
Hamas	B-ORG
leader	O
was	O
injured	O
in	O
that	O
strike	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
now	O
in	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
hospital	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
Apache	B-PRODUCT
helicopter	O
airstrike	O
that	O
occurred	O
within	O
the	B-TIME
past	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
or	O
so	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
now	O
told	O
by	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
people	O
died	O
,	O
33	B-CARDINAL
others	O
were	O
wounded	O
,	O
six	B-CARDINAL
are	O
in	O
critical	O
condition	O
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
dead	O
were	O
civilians	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
sources	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
monitor	O
that	O
story	O
for	O
our	O
viewers	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
also	O
checking	O
out	O
other	O
developments	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
including	O
this	O
story	O
that	O
's	O
just	O
coming	O
in	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Associated	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
right	O
now	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
it	O
from	O
our	O
computers	O
.	O


Sam	B-PERSON
Waksal	I-PERSON
has	O
been	O
sentenced	O
to	O
more	B-DATE
that	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
prison	O
,	O
ordered	O
to	O
pay	O
$	B-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
fines	O
and	O
back	O
taxes	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
the	O
insider	O
trading	O
scandal	O
.	O


As	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
he	O
pleaded	O
guilty	O
to	O
those	O
charges	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
now	O
getting	O
word	O
of	O
his	O
sentence	O
from	O
the	O
federal	O
judge	O
,	O
seven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
prison	O
,	O
actually	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
prison	O
,	O
$	B-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
fines	O
and	O
back	O
taxes	O
,	O
a	O
story	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
following	O
here	O
on	O
CNN	B-ORG
throughout	O
the	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


We	O
'll	O
have	O
much	O
more	O
coming	O
up	O
in	O
the	B-TIME
next	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	O


Bringing	O
you	O
up	O
to	O
date	O
on	O
a	O
breaking	O
story	O
out	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


In	O
Gaza	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
Israeli	B-NORP
gun	O
ship	O
attack	O
,	O
aerial	O
attacks	O
that	O
have	O
threatened	O
to	O
derail	O
the	O
road	O
map	O
to	O
peace	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
called	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
attack	O
,	O
a	O
car	O
carrying	O
Rantissi	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
senior	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Hamas	B-ORG
group	O
,	O
a	O
militant	O
organization	O
,	O
was	O
targeted	O
.	O


He	O
survived	O
,	O
with	O
wound	O
,	O
but	O
two	B-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
killed	O
.	O


27	B-CARDINAL
others	O
were	O
injured	O
in	O
that	O
attack	O
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
attack	O
occurred	O
after	O
some	O
rocket	O
firings	O
aimed	O
,	O
apparently	O
,	O
toward	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
,	O
apparently	O
in	O
retaliation	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
checking	O
our	O
facts	O
on	O
that	O
one	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
just	O
unfolding	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
saying	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
President	O
directly	O
quoted	O
as	O
saying	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
deeply	O
troubled	O
by	O
that	O
initial	O
attack	O
.	O


Still	O
no	O
reaction	O
to	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
attack	O
.	O


The	O
details	O
on	O
that	O
still	O
inconclusive	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
,	O
quoted	O
by	O
Ari	B-PERSON
Fleischer	I-PERSON
,	O
his	O
spokesman	O
,	O
is	O
saying	O
he	O
's	O
concerned	O
the	O
strike	O
will	O
undermine	O
efforts	O
by	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
authorities	O
to	O
bring	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
terrorist	O
attacks	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
security	O
of	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


Clearly	O
some	O
frustration	O
with	O
the	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
government	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
these	O
attacks	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


You	O
're	O
looking	O
at	O
Mars	B-LOC
.	O


This	O
shows	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
layers	O
effects	O
scientists	O
find	O
so	O
interesting	O
,	O
captured	O
by	O
the	B-PRODUCT
Mars	I-PRODUCT
Global	I-PRODUCT
Surveyer	I-PRODUCT
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
in	O
orbit	O
since	O
March	B-DATE
of	O
1999	B-DATE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
more	O
successful	O
missions	O
NASA	B-ORG
has	O
ever	O
staged	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
Red	I-LOC
Planet	I-LOC
.	O


Only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
missions	O
succeed	O
.	O


NASA	B-ORG
hopes	O
they	O
'll	O
do	O
well	O
today	B-DATE
with	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
identical	O
rovers	O
headed	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
Red	I-LOC
Planet	I-LOC
.	O


They	O
'll	O
arrive	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
.	O


About	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
a	O
golf	O
cart	O
.	O


They	O
'll	O
do	O
some	O
poking	O
around	O
for	O
signs	O
of	O
water	O
,	O
past	O
or	O
present	O
.	O


Every	B-DATE
26	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
Mars	B-LOC
and	O
Earth	B-LOC
fly	O
in	O
close	O
orbital	O
formation	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
only	O
then	O
a	O
mission	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
Red	I-LOC
Planet	I-LOC
is	O
possible	O
.	O


This	O
time	O
,	O
Mars	B-LOC
is	O
closer	O
than	O
ever	O
.	O


This	O
happens	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
particularly	O
good	O
opportunity	O
,	O
where	O
we	O
're	O
close	O
enough	O
and	O
the	O
geometry	O
works	O
out	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
an	O
excellent	O
data	O
return	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
means	O
we	O
can	O
bring	O
more	O
pictures	O
,	O
more	O
information	O
about	O
Mars	B-LOC
back	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
Earth	B-LOC
,	O
in	O
this	O
particular	O
landing	O
opportunity	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
twin	O
missions	O
to	O
hunt	O
for	O
signs	O
of	O
life	O
are	O
set	O
for	O
a	O
journey	O
of	O
a	B-QUANTITY
quarter	I-QUANTITY
billion	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
,	O
carrying	O
identical	O
Red	B-PRODUCT
Planet	I-PRODUCT
Rovers	I-PRODUCT
.	O


They	O
're	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
golf	O
carts	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
enter	O
the	O
atmosphere	O
on	O
opposite	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
planet	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
and	O
then	O
deploy	O
parachutes	O
and	O
air	O
bags	O
to	O
cushion	O
their	O
arrival	O
on	O
the	O
rust	O
-	O
colored	O
surface	O
.	O


In	O
1999	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-PRODUCT
Mars	I-PRODUCT
Polar	I-PRODUCT
Lander	I-PRODUCT
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
arrive	O
alive	O
by	O
using	O
--	O


We	O
are	O
now	O
hitting	O
33	B-TIME
after	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


Embattled	O
ImClone	B-ORG
founder	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Waksal	I-PERSON
sentenced	O
to	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
prison	O
for	O
insider	O
trading	O
.	O


The	O
scandal	O
drew	O
national	O
headlines	O
when	O
it	O
ensnared	O
domestic	O
diva	O
Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
.	O


Waksal	B-PERSON
admitted	O
advising	O
his	O
daughter	O
to	O
dump	O
her	O
stock	O
.	O


Stewart	B-PERSON
is	O
being	O
accused	O
of	O
unloading	O
her	O
stock	O
after	O
also	O
learning	O
some	O
inside	O
information	O
.	O


Waksal	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
chief	O
executive	O
to	O
be	O
sentenced	O
in	O
a	O
wave	O
of	O
corporate	O
scandals	O
and	O
that	O
started	O
with	O
the	O
big	O
Enron	B-ORG
bankruptcy	O
into	O
2001	B-DATE
.	O


Top	O
executives	O
at	O
the	O
company	O
accused	O
of	O
cooking	O
the	O
books	O
to	O
hide	O
billions	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
debt	O
.	O


Former	O
Enron	B-ORG
Vice	O
President	O
Sherron	B-PERSON
Watkins	I-PERSON
who	O
wrote	O
that	O
now	O
-	O
famous	O
memo	O
questioning	O
the	O
accounting	O
practice	O
and	O
joining	O
us	O
now	O
from	O
Houston	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
want	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
her	O
about	O
the	O
fate	O
of	O
her	O
former	O
company	O
as	O
Justice	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
continues	O
to	O
build	O
its	O
case	O
against	O
key	O
Enron	B-ORG
executives	O
and	O
insight	O
on	O
maybe	O
some	O
other	O
headlines	O
we	O
are	O
seeing	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


We	O
're	O
getting	O
breaking	O
news	O
to	O
us	O
,	O
from	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
understand	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
an	O
explosion	O
there	O
.	O


This	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
again	O
,	O
following	O
up	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
violent	O
activity	O
we	O
've	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
what	O
was	O
widely	O
perceived	O
to	O
be	O
as	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


We	O
understand	O
that	O
a	O
bus	O
exploded	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
hearing	O
it	O
happened	O
in	O
downtown	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Do	O
we	O
have	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Hanna	I-PERSON
available	O
?	O


Trying	O
to	O
get	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Hanna	I-PERSON
our	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
Bureau	O
chief	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
just	O
on	O
the	O
air	O
with	O
us	O
a	B-TIME
matter	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
ago	I-TIME
,	O
with	O
the	O
latest	O
update	O
on	O
what	O
was	O
happening	O
there	O
and	O
it	O
appears	O
in	O
the	O
time	O
since	O
we	O
've	O
talked	O
to	O
Mike	B-PERSON
and	O
also	O
talked	O
to	O
Professor	O
about	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
,	O
evidence	O
again	O
that	O
the	O
resistance	O
to	O
any	O
progress	O
does	O
continue	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
now	O
hearing	O
once	O
again	O
,	O
this	O
coming	O
to	O
us	O
off	O
Associated	B-ORG
Press	I-ORG
wires	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
explosion	O
there	O
and	O
we	O
understand	O
that	O
several	O
people	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
.	O


Again	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
getting	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Associated	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
.	O


We	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
ahold	O
of	O
our	O
reporters	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
to	O
give	O
us	O
the	O
latest	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
being	O
the	O
latest	O
in	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
what	O
has	O
become	O
an	O
almost	O
customary	O
tit	O
for	O
tat	O
exchange	O
of	O
violent	O
activity	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
if	O
you	O
may	O
recall	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
strike	O
on	O
Afraid	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
were	O
killed	O
,	O
that	O
executed	O
by	O
coordinated	O
group	O
of	O
Islamic	B-ORG
Jihad	I-ORG
as	O
well	O
as	O
Al	B-ORG
AK	I-ORG
Satisfy	I-ORG
Martyr	I-ORG
Brigades	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Hamas	B-ORG
all	O
claiming	O
responsibility	O
for	O
that	O
and	O
the	O
strike	O
ordered	O
by	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
against	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leadership	O
,	O
targeting	O
a	O
top	O
leader	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Rantissi	B-PERSON
who	O
escaped	O
the	O
helicopter	O
rocket	O
attack	O
on	O
his	O
motorcade	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
others	O
who	O
were	O
there	O
did	O
die	O
.	O


This	O
now	O
.	O


This	O
happened	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
and	O
then	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
we	O
're	O
hearing	O
it	O
appear	O
as	O
though	O
perhaps	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
another	O
retalitory	O
strike	O
of	O
some	O
kind	O
.	O


We	O
ca	O
n't	O
confirm	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


All	O
we	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
explosion	O
on	O
a	O
bus	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
in	O
central	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
killed	O
,	O
perhaps	O
several	O
people	O
being	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
explosion	O
,	O
which	O
happened	O
just	B-TIME
moments	I-TIME
ago	I-TIME
.	O


Once	O
again	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
ahold	O
of	O
our	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Hanna	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
just	O
with	O
us	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
Mike	B-PERSON
is	O
over	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
bureau	O
working	O
the	O
telephones	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
as	O
much	O
information	O
as	O
he	O
can	O
and	O
once	O
he	O
gets	O
something	O
we	O
'll	O
deliver	O
it	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
take	O
a	O
break	O
and	O
when	O
we	O
come	O
back	O
,	O
we	O
'll	O
pick	O
up	O
coverage	O
of	O
this	O
development	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
with	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Hanna	I-PERSON
.	O


How	O
's	O
that	O
new	O
analyst	O
doing	O
?	O


He	O
's	O
really	O
hit	O
the	O
ground	O
running	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
traders	O
are	O
complimenting	O
him	O
.	O


crash	O


Interesting	O
stock	O
presentation	O
this	O
morning	O
.	O


whoosh	O


When	O
you	O
manage	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
money	O
we	O
do	O
,	O
you	O
tend	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
little	O
more	O
demanding	O
.	O


Evergreen	B-ORG
,	O
investments	O
that	O
stand	O
the	O
test	O
of	O
time	O
.	O


Good	O
evening	B-TIME
,	O
everyone	O
.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
,	O
the	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
peace	O
process	O
is	O
in	O
danger	O
of	O
being	O
swept	O
away	O
by	O
violence	O
.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
called	O
upon	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
stop	O
terrorism	O
after	O
a	O
suicide	O
bomb	O
attack	O
on	O
a	O
bus	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
.	O


16	B-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
killed	O
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
70	I-CARDINAL
were	O
injured	O
.	O


Shortly	O
afterward	O
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
killed	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
members	O
of	O
Hamas	B-ORG
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Hanna	I-PERSON
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
going	O
to	O
Kelly	B-PERSON
Wallace	I-PERSON
in	O
Kbasda	B-GPE
where	O
there	O
's	O
more	O
helicopter	O
attacks	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Kelly	B-PERSON
?	O


Bob	B-PERSON
Novak	I-PERSON
's	O
here	O
with	O
the	O
``	O
Inside	B-WORK_OF_ART
Buzz	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


I	O
understand	O
there	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
rift	O
among	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
leadership	O
in	O
the	O
Houses	B-ORG
?	O


Yeah	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
little	O
tension	O
between	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
Majority	O
Leader	O
,	O
Tom	B-PERSON
DeLay	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
his	O
successor	O
as	O
House	B-ORG
Majority	O
Whip	O
and	O
his	O
former	O
deputy	O
,	O
Lloyd	B-PERSON
Blunt	I-PERSON
.	O


Kind	O
of	O
came	O
to	O
light	O
when	O
``	B-ORG
The	I-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
had	O
a	O
front	O
-	O
page	O
story	O
showing	O
disagreement	O
on	O
the	O
provision	O
.	O


DeLay	B-PERSON
had	O
it	O
taken	O
out	O
.	O


They	O
've	O
been	O
disagreeing	O
on	O
union	O
opposed	O
bill	O
on	O
flex	O
time	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
just	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
feeling	O
that	O
DeLay	B-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
feel	O
Blunt	B-PERSON
is	O
doing	O
the	O
job	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
he	O
did	O
it	O
.	O


Maybe	O
they	O
're	O
jossling	O
for	O
who	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
next	O
Speaker	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
Dennis	B-PERSON
Hastert	I-PERSON
plans	O
to	O
step	O
down	O
soon	O
anyway	O
.	O


Moving	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
.	O


What	O
's	O
the	O
speculation	O
about	O
John	B-PERSON
Edwards	I-PERSON
?	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
Democratic	B-NORP
operatives	O
think	O
John	B-PERSON
Edwards	I-PERSON
is	O
going	O
to	O
run	O
for	O
President	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
ought	O
to	O
get	O
out	O
and	O
concentrate	O
on	O
being	O
reelected	O
Senator	O
of	O
North	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
which	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
easy	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
think	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
Chief	O
of	O
Staff	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
stronger	O
candidate	O
anyway	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
if	O
that	O
's	O
true	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
feeling	O
this	O
presidental	O
race	O
--	O


Slaughter	O
in	O
Congo	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
turning	O
a	O
blind	O
eye	O
.	O


A	O
month	O
of	O
blood	O
-	O
letting	O
between	O
rival	O
tribes	O
has	O
already	O
killed	O
500	B-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
just	O
a	O
fraction	O
of	O
the	O
killings	O
and	O
rapes	O
and	O
torture	O
that	O
have	O
gripped	O
the	O
country	O
since	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


Here	O
's	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
what	O
happened	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
pictures	O
in	O
this	O
report	O
are	O
very	O
disturbing	O
.	O


For	O
a	O
while	O
,	O
the	O
world	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Now	O
the	O
spotlight	O
turns	O
to	O
the	O
conflict	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


A	O
massacre	O
of	O
massive	O
proportions	O
is	O
unraveling	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
,	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
is	O
turning	O
a	O
blind	O
eye	O
.	O


International	O
relief	O
agencies	O
estimate	O
that	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
3	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
died	O
in	O
what	O
's	O
often	O
dubbed	O
Africa	B-LOC
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
world	O
war	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
deadliest	O
conflict	O
since	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
and	O
has	O
been	O
going	O
on	O
for	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
oil	O
here	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
land	O
is	O
home	O
to	O
other	O
natural	O
gems	O
being	O
fought	O
over	O
,	O
diamonds	O
,	O
gold	O
,	O
timber	O
and	O
a	O
mineral	O
you	O
probably	O
use	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
in	O
cell	O
phones	O
and	O
laptop	O
computers	O
.	O


Congo	B-GPE
,	O
almost	O
a	O
quarter	B-CARDINAL
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
war	O
there	O
,	O
a	O
direct	O
spillover	O
from	O
the	O
1994	B-DATE
civil	O
war	O
in	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
government	O
-	O
led	O
militia	O
slaughtered	O
an	O
estimated	O
800,000	B-CARDINAL
opposition	O
,	O
and	O
opposition	O
sympathizers	O
in	O
about	B-DATE
100	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


After	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
world	O
issued	O
mea	O
culpas	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
apologized	O
for	O
not	O
getting	O
involved	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
draining	O
of	O
a	O
pond	O
for	O
anthrax	O
evidence	O
in	O
Maryland	B-GPE
is	O
finished	O
.	O


Up	O
next	O
for	O
investigators	O
,	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
search	O
sediment	O
on	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
pond	O
located	O
just	O
outside	O
Fredrick	B-GPE
,	O
not	O
far	O
from	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
D.C	I-GPE
.	O


It	O
's	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
investigation	O
into	O
the	O
deadly	O
anthrax	O
attacks	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
fall	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
2001	I-DATE
in	O
which	O
five	B-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
killed	O
.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
``	O
People	B-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
News	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


The	O
intifada	O
,	O
the	O
spontaneous	O
1987	B-DATE
Palestinian	B-NORP
uprising	O
against	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
occupation	O
,	O
heralded	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
the	O
Muslim	B-NORP
fundamentalism	O
,	O
in	O
what	O
had	O
been	O
a	O
mostly	O
secular	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
movement	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
popular	O
of	O
these	O
groups	O
Hamas	B-ORG
,	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
Islamic	B-ORG
Resistance	I-ORG
Movement	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
it	O
means	O
zeal	O
.	O


Its	O
aim	O
--	O
the	O
destruction	O
of	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


Hamas	B-ORG
is	O
an	O
Islamic	B-NORP
movement	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
very	O
beginning	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
encouraged	O
by	O
Israel	B-GPE
because	O
they	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
counter	O
weight	O
to	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
nationalism	O
which	O
is	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
a	O
secular	O
movement	O
.	O


Hamas	B-ORG
was	O
founded	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
by	O
a	O
blind	O
paraplegic	O
cleric	O
who	O
was	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Islamic	I-ORG
Muslim	I-ORG
Brotherhood	I-ORG
.	O


With	O
backing	O
from	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
set	O
up	O
charities	O
in	O
the	O
improverished	O
Strip	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
1970s	B-DATE
.	O


Slowly	O
it	O
became	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
politicized	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
extreme	O
in	O
its	O
demands	O
for	O
an	O
Islamic	B-NORP
state	O
.	O


The	O
extremism	O
took	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
suicide	O
bombings	O
and	O
terrorist	O
attacks	O
,	O
but	O
Hamas	B-ORG
had	O
already	O
become	O
an	O
important	O
part	O
of	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
society	O
through	O
its	O
charity	O
work	O
and	O
its	O
influence	O
increased	O
over	O
time	O
by	O
providing	O
community	O
services	O
when	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
did	O
not	O
.	O


Hamas	B-ORG
plays	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
failure	O
to	O
produce	O
.	O


Its	O
basic	O
message	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
is	O
corrupt	O
,	O
it	O
fails	O
to	O
deliver	O
,	O
Hamas	B-ORG
is	O
not	O
corrupt	O
,	O
Hamas	B-ORG
cares	O
about	O
the	O
person	O
on	O
the	O
street	O
and	O
it	O
does	O
deliver	O
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
those	O
same	O
charitable	O
organizations	O
,	O
those	O
same	O
charity	O
committees	O
that	O
funnel	O
the	O
funds	O
to	O
needier	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
,	O
also	O
serve	O
to	O
support	O
terrorist	O
attacks	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
say	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
has	O
not	O
been	O
tough	O
enough	O
on	O
terrorism	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
attempted	O
to	O
force	O
him	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


The	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
known	O
as	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Mazen	I-PERSON
must	O
now	O
contend	O
with	O
the	O
rejection	O
of	O
side	O
by	O
side	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
states	O
,	O
a	O
cornerstone	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
peace	O
plan	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
Hamas	B-ORG
to	O
co-exist	O
with	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


Conservative	O
Israelis	B-NORP
are	O
skeptical	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
not	O
working	O
against	O
Hamas	B-ORG
,	O
he	O
is	O
working	O
in	O
tandem	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
negotiating	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
not	O
telling	O
them	O
to	O
disband	O
and	O
regulate	O
their	O
weapons	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
have	O
no	O
faith	O
in	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Mazen	I-PERSON
to	O
put	O
terror	O
aside	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Settlers	O
call	O
the	O
just	O
concluded	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
American	O
-	O
Palestinian	O
summit	O
a	O
surrender	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
not	O
impressed	O
.	O


Translator	O
:	O


The	O
armed	O
intifada	O
must	O
end	O
and	O
we	O
must	O
use	O
and	O
resort	O
to	O
peaceful	O
means	O
in	O
our	O
quest	O
to	O
end	O
the	O
occupation	O
and	O
the	O
suffering	O
of	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
to	O
establish	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
state	O
.	O


Hamas	B-ORG
and	O
other	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
militant	O
groups	O
rejected	O
Abbas	B-PERSON
'	O
call	O
to	O
end	O
their	O
attacks	O
with	O
a	O
deadly	O
raid	O
on	O
an	O
Israeli	B-ORG
Army	I-ORG
outpost	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
are	O
all	O
saying	O
that	O
the	O
resistance	O
will	O
continue	O
despite	O
the	O
summit	O
in	O
Aqaba	B-GPE
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
retaliated	O
on	O
Hamas	B-ORG
,	O
namely	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
rantissi	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
missed	O
him	O
and	O
killed	O
civilians	O
.	O


Translator	O
:	O


Hamas	B-ORG
will	O
not	O
drop	O
our	O
weapons	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
all	O
leaders	O
are	O
assassinated	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Since	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
intifada	O
began	O
in	O
2000	B-CARDINAL
,	O
over	B-CARDINAL
700	I-CARDINAL
Israelis	B-NORP
have	O
been	O
killed	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
2,000	I-CARDINAL
Palestinian	B-NORP
deaths	O
according	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Red	I-ORG
Crescent	I-ORG
,	O
including	O
Hamas	B-ORG
leaders	O
targeted	O
for	O
assassination	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
want	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
terrorism	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
violence	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
give	O
people	O
hope	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
give	O
them	O
a	O
stake	O
in	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
Hamas	B-ORG
is	O
ready	O
to	O
join	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
only	O
price	O
for	O
the	O
political	O
price	O
is	O
you	O
must	O
fight	O
Hamas	B-ORG
,	O
if	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
requiring	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Mazen	I-PERSON
to	O
do	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
almost	O
mandating	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
fail	O
.	O


The	O
main	O
test	O
of	O
Mahmoud	B-PERSON
Abbas	I-PERSON
,	O
will	O
be	O
to	O
establish	O
an	O
overall	O
command	O
of	O
all	O
armed	O
groups	O
.	O


If	O
not	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
chance	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
leaders	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
things	O
--	O


Reports	O
showing	O
a	O
rebound	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
manufacturing	O
sector	O
is	O
helping	O
to	O
fuel	O
that	O
optimism	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Right	O
now	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
industrial	O
average	O
with	O
a	O
triple	O
-	O
digit	O
gain	O
,	O
up	O
137	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
blue	O
chip	O
advance	O
is	O
being	O
led	O
by	O
manufacturers	O
3M	B-ORG
and	O
Caterpillar	B-ORG
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Merck	B-ORG
and	O
Johnson	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Johnson	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
Nasdaq	O
composite	O
is	O
adding	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
1.5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Meantime	O
,	O
shares	O
of	O
Kmart	B-ORG
are	O
surging	O
nearly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
.	O


It	O
lost	O
$	B-MONEY
862	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
that	O
's	O
much	O
better	O
than	O
the	O
retailer	O
did	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
when	O
it	O
was	O
under	O
bankruptcy	O
protection	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
very	O
latest	O
from	O
Wall	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
same	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
high	O
winds	O
,	O
high	O
seas	O
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
fishermen	O
rescued	O
near	O
Vancouver	B-GPE
by	O
a	O
Royal	B-ORG
Caribbean	I-ORG
cruise	O
ship	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
held	O
on	O
the	O
sinking	O
vessel	O
until	O
the	O
passenger	O
ship	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
reach	O
them	O
.	O


A	O
cruise	O
line	O
spokesman	O
said	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
not	O
for	O
the	O
fisherman	O
's	O
protective	O
suits	O
,	O
they	O
probably	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
stayed	O
warm	O
enough	O
to	O
survive	O
.	O


The	O
same	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
which	O
we	O
had	O
that	O
other	O
incident	O
the	O
other	O
day	O
,	O
about	B-QUANTITY
52	I-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
that	O
water	O
temp	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
chilly	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
job	O
,	O
huh	O
?	O


Here	O
is	O
Jack	B-PERSON
.	O


Question	O
of	O
the	O
day	O
.	O


Worst	O
job	O
you	O
ever	O
had	O
.	O


High	O
-	O
profile	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
taking	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
Arthur	B-PERSON
and	O
heading	O
for	O
other	O
places	O
.	O


The	O
lady	O
at	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
saying	O
she	O
was	O
leaving	O
,	O
saying	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
an	O
honor	O
serving	O
her	O
post	O
but	O
she	O
's	O
leaving	O
for	O
personal	O
reasons	O
.	O


Frank	B-PERSON
Keating	I-PERSON
leaving	O
a	O
commission	O
set	O
up	O
to	O
look	O
into	O
allegations	O
of	O
sex	O
abuse	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Catholic	I-ORG
Church	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
decided	O
to	O
quit	O
after	O
he	O
made	O
comments	O
comparing	O
uncooperative	O
church	O
bishops	O
to	O
La	B-ORG
Casa	I-ORG
Nostra	I-ORG
.	O


Other	O
folks	O
,	O
Ari	B-PERSON
Fleischer	I-PERSON
.	O


We	O
thought	O
it	O
might	O
be	O
interesting	O
to	O
share	O
tales	O
of	O
the	O
worst	O
job	O
you	O
ever	O
had	O
.	O


Why	O
did	O
you	O
leave	O
it	O
?	O


You	O
can	O
e-mail	O
us	O
--	O


This	O
done	O
count	O
,	O
sorry	O
,	O
crews	O
all	O
going	O
.	O


This	O
one	O
right	O
here	O
?	O


Working	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


I	O
spent	O
one	O
summer	B-DATE
at	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Nevada	I-ORG
waxing	O
dormitory	O
floors	O
and	O
moving	O
furniture	O
in	O
buildings	O
--	O


And	O
now	O
joining	O
us	O
by	O
phone	O
from	O
Liverpool	B-GPE
with	O
more	O
on	O
the	O
Harry	B-WORK_OF_ART
Potter	I-WORK_OF_ART
heist	O
is	O
Caroline	B-PERSON
Forham	I-PERSON
,	O
press	O
officer	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Mersyside	I-ORG
Police	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
's	O
come	O
to	O
stealing	O
childrens	O
books	O
,	O
has	O
it	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
these	O
are	O
profitable	O
childrens	O
'	O
book	O
,	O
so	O
very	O
popular	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
people	O
think	O
they	O
probably	O
are	O
lucrative	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


As	O
you	O
mentioned	O
,	O
if	O
anyone	O
is	O
seen	O
to	O
be	O
selling	O
these	O
on	O
the	O
black	O
market	O
They	O
will	O
be	O
prosecuted	O
.	O


Is	O
that	O
why	O
you	O
think	O
they	O
were	O
stolen	O
,	O
sale	O
before	O
the	O
deadline	O
or	O
after	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
probably	O
they	O
know	O
they	O
can	O
make	O
more	O
money	O
before	O
the	O
deadline	O
on	O
these	O
books	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
know	O
no	O
reputable	O
book	O
shop	O
will	O
take	O
these	O
stolen	O
goods	O
and	O
sell	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
are	O
looking	O
at	O
in	O
market	O
stores	O
and	O
sales	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
coming	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


We	O
have	O
police	O
officers	O
looking	O
for	O
them	O
and	O
will	O
prosecute	O
anyone	O
seen	O
selling	O
them	O
or	O
buying	O
them	O
.	O


Considering	O
how	O
much	O
publicity	O
was	O
circulating	O
about	O
this	O
book	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
injunctions	O
about	O
publishing	O
anything	O
or	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
plot	O
.	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
security	O
was	O
there	O
in	O
place	O
for	O
any	O
truck	O
carrying	O
books	O
?	O


The	O
books	O
were	O
stolen	O
from	O
a	O
warehouse	O
.	O


they	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
security	O
measures	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
have	O
their	O
CCTV	O
operational	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
looking	O
at	O
that	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
--	O


Seven	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
before	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
top	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	I-TIME


At	O
the	O
beginning	O
we	O
told	O
about	O
this	O
incredible	O
story	O
about	O
the	O
rescue	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
fishermen	O
in	O
the	O
waters	O
off	O
the	O
coast	O
of	O
Vancouver	B-GPE
,	O
stuck	O
in	O
the	O
waters	O
,	O
gale	O
force	O
winds	O
,	O
small	O
boat	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
rescued	O
by	O
a	O
cruise	O
ship	O
that	O
happened	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
neighborhood	O
.	O


Those	O
three	B-CARDINAL
men	O
did	O
n't	O
realize	O
how	O
lucky	O
they	O
were	O
until	O
they	O
were	O
plucked	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
with	O
us	O
Captain	O
Kent	B-PERSON
Ringboard	I-PERSON
,	O
on	O
board	O
the	O
Royal	B-ORG
Caribbean	I-ORG
``	O
Radiance	B-PRODUCT
of	I-PRODUCT
the	I-PRODUCT
Seas	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


I	O
understand	O
you	O
were	O
on	O
board	O
when	O
this	O
rescue	O
happened	O
.	O


Were	O
you	O
in	O
charge	O
?	O


Yes	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
correct	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
charge	O
.	O


Tell	O
us	O
about	O
what	O
happened	O
here	O
.	O


What	O
was	O
it	O
you	O
were	O
looking	O
at	O
when	O
you	O
looked	O
out	O
over	O
the	O
waters	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
quite	O
windy	O
,	O
gusty	O
winds	O
up	B-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
40	I-QUANTITY
,	I-QUANTITY
50	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
an	O
hour	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
came	O
from	O
southeast	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
got	O
the	O
alarm	O
this	O
distress	O
situation	O
just	B-TIME
before	I-TIME
5:00	I-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
and	O
we	O
were	O
on	O
relatively	O
slow	O
speed	O
for	O
the	O
time	O
being	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
speeded	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
position	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
given	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
an	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
,	O
we	O
spotted	O
the	O
fishing	O
boat	O
in	O
the	O
waters	O
.	O


These	O
men	O
were	O
in	O
some	O
water	O
that	O
was	O
quite	O
frigid	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
stayed	O
out	O
there	O
for	O
long	O
they	O
could	O
have	O
suffered	O
severe	O
tragedy	O
,	O
perhaps	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
ask	O
you	O
,	O
Have	O
you	O
ever	O
done	O
anything	O
like	O
this	O
?	O
Have	O
you	O
ever	O
seen	O
anything	O
like	O
this	O
done	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
never	O
seen	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
operation	O
where	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
fishing	O
vessel	O
disappear	O
,	O
more	O
or	O
less	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
survivors	O
,	O
they	O
had	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
pick	O
them	O
up	O
from	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


Was	O
there	O
any	O
point	O
at	O
which	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
think	O
you	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
pull	O
it	O
off	O
?	O


Sorry	O
,	O
please	O
say	O
again	O
?	O


Was	O
there	O
any	O
point	O
at	O
which	O
you	O
thought	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
pull	O
it	O
off	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
absolutely	O
not	O
.	O


we	O
were	O
100	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
sure	O
we	O
could	O
make	O
it	O
,	O
absolutely	O
,	O
because	O
we	O
came	O
very	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
vessel	O
,	O
we	O
had	O
our	O
rescue	O
boat	O
out	O
soon	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
felt	O
confident	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
saw	O
the	O
fishermen	O
also	O
had	O
the	O
surviving	O
suits	O
on	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
gave	O
me	O
more	O
time	O
to	O
help	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
thing	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


What	O
about	O
your	O
crew	O
that	O
was	O
actually	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
rescue	O
here	O
?	O
are	O
they	O
trained	O
for	O
this	O
sort	O
of	O
thing	O
?	O


Yes	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
very	O
much	O
well	O
-	O
trained	O
.	O


We	O
train	O
for	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
operation	O
at	O
least	O
every	O
14	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
hopeful	O
those	O
three	B-CARDINAL
fishermen	O
bought	O
you	O
a	O
glass	O
of	O
wine	O
once	O
you	O
got	O
them	O
on	O
board	O
.	O


We	O
gave	O
them	O
some	O
.	O


These	O
incredible	O
pictures	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
pictures	O
playing	O
on	O
the	O
television	O
sets	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
but	O
we	O
look	O
at	O
these	O
pictures	O
and	O
think	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
way	O
a	O
cruise	O
ship	O
,	O
as	O
big	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
maneuver	O
into	O
position	O
in	O
these	O
kinds	O
of	O
heavy	O
seas	O
to	O
save	O
three	B-CARDINAL
corks	O
out	O
there	O
on	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


Amazing	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
interesting	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
had	O
a	O
good	O
maneuvering	O
capability	O
on	O
.	O


See	O
that	O
graphic	O
?	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
babies	O
awaiting	O
adoption	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
.	O


A	O
California	B-GPE
family	O
is	O
now	O
bigger	O
by	O
one	O
.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
they	O
're	O
welcoming	O
little	O
Abby	B-PERSON
Kramer	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Was	O
anything	O
but	O
simple	O
.	O


Her	O
new	O
mom	O
and	O
dad	O
had	O
to	O
contend	O
with	O
international	O
red	O
tape	O
,	O
traveling	O
thousands	B-QUANTITY
of	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
to	O
meet	O
the	O
new	O
addition	O
and	O
cope	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	O
crisis	O
going	O
on	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Their	O
story	O
is	O
remarkable	O
.	O


Thelma	B-PERSON
Gutierrez	I-PERSON
telling	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
the	O
Kramers	B-PERSON
meeting	O
Kramer	B-PERSON
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
Kramers	B-PERSON
are	O
taking	O
a	O
trip	O
,	O
the	O
trip	O
of	O
a	O
lifetime	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
passports	O
and	O
everything	O
ready	O
to	O
pack	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Mark	B-PERSON
and	O
Denise	B-PERSON
are	O
going	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
pick	O
up	O
a	O
baby	O
girl	O
.	O


Her	O
new	O
parents	O
will	O
call	O
her	O
Abby	B-PERSON
.	O


To	O
me	O
looks	O
like	O
my	O
child	O
is	O
my	O
child	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
wait	O
to	O
have	O
her	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


After	O
waiting	O
nearly	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
things	O
get	O
a	O
little	O
complicated	O
for	O
the	O
Kramers	B-PERSON
.	O


SARS	O
wreaks	O
havoc	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
foreign	O
adoptions	O
are	O
put	O
on	O
hold	O
.	O


The	O
Kramers	B-PERSON
are	O
among	O
the	O
lucky	O
ones	O
.	O


Their	O
vias	O
are	O
approved	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
have	O
masks	O
?	O


Yes	O
,	O
actually	O
,	O
we	O
did	O
bring	O
some	O
masks	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Still	O
they	O
have	O
concerns	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
heading	O
to	O
Quinn	B-GPE
Joe	I-GPE
.	O


We	O
understand	O
that	O
's	O
where	O
the	O
SARS	O
epidemic	O
started	O
from	O
and	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
right	O
to	O
the	O
heart	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Nothing	O
will	O
stop	O
them	O
.	O


What	O
would	O
you	O
tell	O
her	O
about	O
somehow	O
she	O
came	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
why	O
she	O
was	O
given	O
up	O
?	O


The	O
people	O
that	O
gave	O
birth	O
to	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
necessarily	O
your	O
mom	O
and	O
dad	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
the	O
ones	O
that	O
love	O
you	O
and	O
care	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Finally	O
,	O
It	O
's	O
time	O
to	O
go	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
16	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
flight	O
to	O
look	O
forward	O
to	O
--	O


it	O
's	O
been	O
a	O
total	O
rollercoaster	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
Kramers	B-PERSON
are	O
finally	O
on	O
their	O
way	O
.	O


With	O
our	O
video	O
camera	O
,	O
they	O
record	O
their	O
journey	O
.	O


We	O
just	O
boarded	O
the	O
plane	O
.	O


The	O
flight	O
attendants	O
are	O
wearing	O
masks	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
Kramers	B-PERSON
decide	O
not	O
to	O
,	O
neither	O
do	O
the	O
other	O
23	B-CARDINAL
adoptive	O
families	O
on	O
the	O
long	O
overseas	O
trip	O
.	O


We	O
just	O
got	O
off	O
,	O
so	O
our	O
16	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
flight	O
is	O
over	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
families	O
begin	O
with	O
a	O
tour	O
.	O


An	O
alligator	O
,	O
my	O
goodness	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
Kramers	B-PERSON
must	O
wait	O
and	O
travel	O
to	O
another	O
town	O
for	O
Abby	B-PERSON
.	O


On	O
the	O
next	O
flight	O
,	O
passengers	O
wear	O
masks	O
and	O
their	O
temperatures	O
are	O
taken	O
for	O
signs	O
of	O
SARS	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
is	O
the	O
big	O
day	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
an	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
and	I-TIME
a	I-TIME
half	I-TIME
from	O
getting	O
our	O
Abigail	B-PERSON
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Finally	O
the	O
Kramers	B-PERSON
meet	O
Abby	B-PERSON
.	O


Hi	O
,	O
there	O
.	O


I	O
kind	O
of	O
leaned	O
over	O
and	O
gave	O
her	O
a	O
kiss	O
on	O
the	O
forehead	O
and	O
she	O
looked	O
up	O
and	O
--	O


Reporter	O
:	O


They	O
know	O
little	O
about	O
their	O
little	O
girl	O
,	O
found	O
by	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
road	O
days	B-DATE
after	O
she	O
was	O
born	O
.	O


She	O
spent	O
most	O
of	O
her	O
life	O
in	O
an	O
orphannage	O
.	O


Now	O
Abby	B-PERSON
has	O
a	O
new	O
life	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
with	O
the	O
Kramers	B-PERSON
and	O
their	O
two	B-CARDINAL
kids	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
love	O
her	O
more	O
every	O
day	O
,	O
every	O
time	O
I	O
look	O
at	O
her	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Thelma	B-PERSON
Gutierrez	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
.	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
our	O
turn	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
Kramers	B-PERSON
back	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
after	O
their	O
journey	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
bring	O
home	O
the	O
newest	O
and	O
cutest	O
perhaps	O
,	O
member	O
of	O
their	O
family	O
,	O
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
proud	O
parents	O
of	O
11	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
Abigail	B-PERSON
Kramer	I-PERSON
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
being	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
having	O
us	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
unbelievably	O
adorable	O
.	O


Thanks	O
.	O


Tell	O
us	O
a	O
little	O
about	O
this	O
journey	O
,	O
that	O
moment	O
when	O
you	O
first	O
saw	O
her	O
.	O


You	O
traveled	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
going	O
on	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


You	O
battled	O
bureaucracy	O
,	O
traveling	O
thousands	B-QUANTITY
of	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
,	O
facing	O
disease	O
.	O


What	O
was	O
that	O
like	O
?	O


Incredible	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
just	O
to	O
hold	O
her	O
in	O
our	O
arms	O
,	O
have	O
her	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
you	O
count	O
the	O
moments	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
just	O
anticipation	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
there	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
was	O
relief	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
a	O
dream	O
come	O
true	O
.	O


she	O
's	O
really	O
a	O
delight	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
though	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
little	O
pandemonium	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
,	O
she	O
's	O
wonderful	O
.	O


We	O
love	O
her	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
Mark	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
you	O
were	O
holding	O
her	O
,	O
it	O
looked	O
like	O
she	O
was	O
crying	O
a	O
lot	O
.	O


She	O
seemed	O
startled	O
to	O
see	O
someone	O
that	O
looked	O
so	O
different	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
probably	O
her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
experience	O
ever	O
seeing	O
a	O
fair	O
-	O
skinned	O
,	O
bearded	O
goatee	O
,	O
monster	O
-	O
looking	O
guy	O
and	O
she	O
just	O
freaked	O
out	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
she	O
saw	O
me	O
.	O


It	O
took	O
about	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
for	O
her	O
to	O
warm	O
up	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
to	O
hide	O
in	O
the	O
hotel	O
room	O
.	O


She	O
would	O
find	O
me	O
in	O
the	O
room	O
and	O
start	O
crying	O
every	O
time	O
she	O
saw	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
had	O
to	O
hide	O
in	O
the	O
hotel	O
room	O
?	O


Yeah	O
,	O
she	O
'd	O
find	O
me	O
across	O
the	O
room	O
and	O
break	O
into	O
tears	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
that	O
way	O
with	O
anyone	O
that	O
was	O
blond	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
fair	O
-	O
skinned	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
first	B-ORDINAL
heard	O
about	O
Sars	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
did	O
you	O
suddenly	O
think	O
,	O
this	O
may	O
not	O
happen	O
?	O
this	O
could	O
stop	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O
.	O


Sure	O
.	O


We	O
got	O
calls	O
that	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
saying	O
``	O
Did	O
you	O
hear	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
halting	O
all	O
travel	O
?	O
''	O
and	O
we	O
put	O
in	O
a	O
call	O
to	O
the	O
agency	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
going	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
put	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
trust	O
in	O
our	O
agency	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
great	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
unless	O
we	O
were	O
absolutely	O
stopped	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
going	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


After	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
working	O
towards	O
it	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
almost	O
more	O
afraid	O
not	O
to	O
go	O
than	O
to	O
go	O
at	O
the	O
very	O
end	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
Mark	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
hope	O
this	O
is	O
n't	O
too	O
personal	O
a	O
question	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
just	O
simply	O
tell	O
me	O
to	O
shut	O
up	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
story	O
I	O
saw	O
Abby	B-PERSON
was	O
abandoned	O
on	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
road	O
,	O
which	O
it	O
's	O
unthinkable	O
.	O


You	O
ca	O
n't	O
even	O
imagine	O
a	O
parent	O
doing	O
that	O
.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
tell	O
her	O
when	O
she	O
grows	O
up	O
about	O
how	O
she	O
came	O
to	O
live	O
with	O
you	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
get	O
emotional	O
every	O
time	O
someone	O
asks	O
that	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
give	O
her	O
the	O
best	O
love	O
and	O
affection	O
we	O
can	O
and	O
give	O
her	O
a	O
strong	O
self	O
esteem	O
and	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
teach	O
her	O
--	O


In	O
Michigan	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
straight	O
night	B-TIME
and	O
into	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
have	O
been	O
rioting	O
in	O
Benton	B-GPE
Harbor	I-GPE
.	O


A	O
man	O
on	O
a	O
motorcycle	O
was	O
killed	O
while	O
being	O
chased	O
about	O
I	O
police	O
,	O
the	O
violence	O
broke	O
out	O
.	O


The	O
governor	O
has	O
declared	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
emergency	O
.	O


Mark	B-PERSON
Alberts	I-PERSON
from	O
our	O
affiliate	O
has	O
more	O
from	O
Benton	B-GPE
Harbor	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Catholic	I-ORG
Church	I-ORG
in	O
Phoenix	B-GPE
,	O
Arizona	B-GPE
,	O
Bishop	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
O'Brien	I-PERSON
has	O
resigned	O
,	O
just	O
one	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
after	O
being	O
charged	O
with	O
a	O
felony	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
accused	O
of	O
leaving	O
the	O
scene	O
of	O
a	O
fatal	O
accident	O
.	O


Earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
O'Brien	B-PERSON
narrowly	O
escaped	O
prosecution	O
over	O
his	O
handling	O
of	O
sexual	O
abuse	O
allegations	O
against	O
priests	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
sex	O
abuse	O
by	O
priests	O
remains	O
an	O
issue	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Catholic	I-ORG
Church	I-ORG
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
it	O
is	O
certain	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
issue	O
as	O
bishops	O
gather	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
in	O
St.	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE
for	O
their	O
semiannual	B-DATE
meeting	O
.	O


Under	O
a	O
charter	O
approved	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
by	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Conference	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Catholic	I-ORG
Bishops	I-ORG
,	O
diocese	O
officials	O
will	O
report	O
allegations	O
of	O
sexual	O
abuse	O
of	O
a	O
minor	O
to	O
public	O
authorities	O
.	O


Past	O
,	O
present	O
or	O
future	O
sexual	O
abuse	O
of	O
a	O
minor	O
will	O
lead	O
to	O
removal	O
from	O
the	O
ministry	O
.	O


No	O
priest	O
or	O
deacons	O
who	O
sexually	O
abuse	O
a	O
minor	O
may	O
be	O
transferred	O
to	O
another	O
diocese	O
.	O


With	O
me	O
now	O
to	O
talk	O
more	O
about	O
the	O
O'Brien	B-PERSON
case	O
and	O
the	O
divisions	O
still	O
dividing	O
the	O
church	O
are	O
Barbara	B-PERSON
Blain	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
founder	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Survivors	I-ORG
Network	I-ORG
in	O
St.	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE
and	O
also	O
joining	O
us	O
from	O
Detroit	B-GPE
Joe	B-PERSON
Mayor	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
founder	O
of	O
a	O
priest	O
support	O
group	O
.	O


Barbara	B-PERSON
,	O
to	O
you	O
first	B-ORDINAL
.	O


As	O
the	O
bishops	O
get	O
ready	O
for	O
this	O
important	O
meeting	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
are	O
you	O
satisfied	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
taken	O
all	O
the	O
appropriate	O
steps	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
abuse	O
issue	O
?	O


A	O
net	O
worth	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
knows	O
me	O
knows	O
my	O
obsession	O
with	O
tween	O
stars	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
kids	O
eight	B-DATE
to	O
14	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
for	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
,	O
their	O
heroes	O
barely	O
occupy	O
puberty	O
.	O


The	O
reason	O
for	O
my	O
obsession	O
is	O
simple	O
,	O
deep	O
seething	O
jealousy	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
n't	O
enough	O
for	O
these	O
tween	O
stars	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
TV	O
or	O
movie	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
to	O
own	O
every	O
form	O
of	O
media	O
and	O
want	O
to	O
own	O
it	O
now	O
.	O


Unlike	O
the	B-PERSON
Corey	I-PERSON
Feldman	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
'	O
80s	B-DATE
,	O
today	O
's	O
tweens	O
are	O
n't	O
content	O
with	O
succeeding	O
in	O
just	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
medium	O
.	O


Mary	B-PERSON
Kate	I-PERSON
and	O
Ashley	B-PERSON
Olsen	I-PERSON
started	O
it	O
all	O
.	O


Now	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
billion	B-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
empire	O
built	O
on	O
videos	O
,	O
clothing	O
perfume	O
and	O
more	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
there	O
's	O
the	O
tween	O
Hilary	B-PERSON
Duff	I-PERSON
.	O


Fans	O
know	O
her	O
as	O
Lizzie	B-PERSON
Maguire	I-PERSON
.	O


Movies	O
,	O
books	O
,	O
albums	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
corporate	O
giants	O
head	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


Typical	O
,	O
Nickelodeon	B-ORG
or	O
Disney	B-ORG
starts	O
them	O
off	O
.	O


Then	O
when	O
they	O
're	O
ready	O
to	O
breed	O
they	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
WB	B-ORG
.	O


Why	O
such	O
a	O
focus	O
on	O
these	O
tween	O
stars	O
?	O


It	O
has	O
little	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
their	O
artistic	O
vision	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
star	O
told	O
Vanity	B-ORG
Fair	I-ORG
their	O
favorite	O
author	O
is	O
whoever	O
wrote	O
the	O
Bible	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


These	O
kids	O
are	O
at	O
that	O
magical	O
age	O
when	O
new	O
multibillion	B-CARDINAL
declare	O
spending	O
power	O
is	O
put	O
in	O
service	O
of	O
intense	O
peer	O
pressure	O
leading	O
to	O
brand	O
loyalties	O
that	O
can	O
last	O
a	O
lifetime	O
.	O


The	O
flip	O
side	O
between	O
stars	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
is	O
once	O
the	O
fans	O
grow	O
up	O
their	O
star	O
power	O
may	O
dim	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
believe	O
it	O
just	O
ask	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
Coreys	B-PERSON
.	O


These	O
tweens	O
are	O
everywhere	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
right	O
on	O
the	O
cover	O
of	O
Vanity	B-ORG
Fair	I-ORG
.	O


Tweens	O
are	O
all	O
over	O
it	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
issue	O
right	O
there	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
have	O
with	O
us	O
Vanity	B-ORG
Fair	I-ORG
Fashion	O
Director	O
Elizabeth	B-PERSON
Olsen	I-PERSON
.	O


I	O
was	O
shocked	O
when	O
I	O
saw	O
them	O
cover	O
the	O
tweens	O
.	O


Why	O
are	O
they	O
so	O
important	O
?	O


They	O
're	O
important	O
because	O
we	O
report	O
on	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
.	O


We	O
report	O
on	O
the	O
culture	O
of	O
what	O
's	O
now	O
,	O
what	O
makes	O
money	O
,	O
what	O
the	O
buzz	O
is	O
,	O
what	O
's	O
next	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
're	O
making	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


A	O
much	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


Unlike	O
stars	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
they	O
really	O
are	O
not	O
content	O
to	O
be	O
singers	O
or	O
dancers	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
like	O
Omnimedia	B-ORG
,	O
mini	O
Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
.	O


They	O
're	O
more	O
than	O
that	O
,	O
actually	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
television	O
show	O
to	O
back	O
themselves	O
up	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
movie	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
clothing	O
line	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
much	O
more	O
and	O
reach	O
a	O
much	O
broader	O
audience	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


I	O
saw	O
one	O
interviewed	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
said	O
,	O
Yeah	O
,	O
when	O
I	O
left	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Cosby	I-WORK_OF_ART
Show	I-WORK_OF_ART
at	O
age	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
cut	O
an	O
album	O
at	O
age	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
.	O


What	O
happened	O
to	O
being	O
kids	O
?	O


That	O
was	O
the	O
great	O
thing	O
about	O
the	O
photo	O
shoot	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
still	O
young	O
,	O
ambitious	O
,	O
excited	O
,	O
they	O
play	O
dressup	O
and	O
have	O
pillow	O
fights	O
.	O


Who	O
's	O
the	O
ultimate	O
tween	O
?	O


you	O
have	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
Hilary	B-PERSON
Duff	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
Olsen	B-PERSON
twins	O
.	O


Because	O
the	O
Olsen	B-PERSON
twins	O
started	O
it	O
all	O
.	O


They	O
created	O
it	O
,	O
maybe	O
.	O


They	O
more	O
than	O
started	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
started	O
prenatal	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
turned	O
it	O
into	O
an	O
empire	O
,	O
what	O
Shirley	B-PERSON
Temple	I-PERSON
could	O
have	O
done	O
.	O


Had	O
she	O
only	O
known	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
their	O
company	O
is	O
called	O
Dual	B-ORG
Star	I-ORG
.	O


Like	O
a	O
gross	O
of	O
a	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


They	O
work	O
hard	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
not	O
just	O
sitting	O
there	O
hiring	O
people	O
to	O
do	O
their	O
business	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
their	O
own	O
business	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
're	O
well	O
-	O
rounded	O
and	O
polite	O
people	O
.	O


Are	O
they	O
nice	O
?	O


They	O
're	O
so	O
nice	O
and	O
cool	O
.	O


How	O
about	O
that	O
?	O


They	O
're	O
actually	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
cool	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


And	O
Hilary	B-PERSON
Duff	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
star	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
guarantee	O
you	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
grace	O
their	O
own	O
cover	O
.	O


Do	O
they	O
all	O
have	O
staying	O
power	O
?	O


One	O
ca	O
n't	O
predict	O
that	O
all	O
have	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
have	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
depends	O
on	O
who	O
's	O
managing	O
it	O
,	O
what	O
career	O
choices	O
they	O
make	O
,	O
what	O
their	O
parents	O
help	O
them	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
interesting	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
audience	O
that	O
sort	O
of	O
adores	O
them	O
now	O
,	O
whether	O
--	O


Welcome	O
back	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
following	O
another	O
important	O
story	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
D.C.	I-GPE
,	O
involving	O
the	O
federal	O
government	O
's	O
investigation	O
of	O
al	B-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
operations	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Our	O
justice	O
correspondent	O
Kelli	B-PERSON
Arena	I-PERSON
has	O
details	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
joining	O
us	O
live	O
.	O


Kelli	B-PERSON
?	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Wolf	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
government	O
will	O
announce	O
a	O
plea	O
agreement	O
that	O
was	O
reached	O
with	O
an	O
Ohio	B-GPE
truck	O
driver	O
who	O
allegedly	O
has	O
ties	O
to	O
al	B-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
driver	O
's	O
name	O
is	O
Iman	B-PERSON
Ferris	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
according	O
to	O
government	O
sources	O
al	B-ORG
Qaeda	I-ORG
leader	O
,	O
Khaled	B-PERSON
Sheikh	I-PERSON
Mohammed	I-PERSON
told	O
investigators	O
that	O
Ferris	B-PERSON
's	O
order	O
to	O
surveil	O
the	B-FAC
Brooklyn	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
was	O
the	O
ultimate	O
goal	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
cut	O
the	O
suspension	O
bridge	O
's	O
cables	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
involved	O
in	O
a	O
plot	O
to	O
drive	O
a	O
truck	O
loaded	O
with	O
explosives	O
onto	O
an	O
airport	O
tarmac	O
to	O
blow	O
up	O
a	O
plane	O
.	O


Obviously	O
,	O
neither	O
plan	O
came	O
off	O
.	O


Ferris	B-PERSON
disappeared	O
from	O
sight	O
,	O
and	O
CNN	B-ORG
has	O
confirmed	O
he	O
was	O
taken	O
into	O
custody	O
.	O


The	O
documents	O
regarding	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
,	O
were	O
just	O
unsealed	O
he	O
pled	O
guilty	O
to	O
two	B-CARDINAL
counts	O
back	O
on	O
May	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
.	O


Because	O
of	O
the	O
extreme	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
details	O
about	O
the	O
plea	O
arrangement	O
were	O
kept	O
under	O
seal	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
told	O
he	O
pled	O
guilty	O
to	O
conspiracy	O
to	O
provide	O
material	O
support	O
to	O
terrorists	O
and	O
actually	O
providing	O
material	O
support	O
--	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
Islamic	B-ORG
Jihad	I-ORG
is	O
claiming	O
responsibility	O
for	O
a	O
bombing	O
today	B-DATE
at	O
a	O
small	O
Israeli	B-NORP
grocery	O
store	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
near	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
board	O
.	O


The	O
store	O
's	O
owner	O
and	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
bomber	O
were	O
killed	O
.	O


The	O
store	O
is	O
a	O
total	O
loss	O
.	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
,	O
63	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
was	O
in	O
the	O
store	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
some	O
indication	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
suicide	O
bomber	O
had	O
expected	O
more	O
Israelis	B-NORP
to	O
be	O
inside	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
were	O
n't	O
any	O
other	O
Israelis	B-NORP
there	O
.	O


He	O
blew	O
himself	O
up	O
apparently	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
.	O


The	O
investigation	O
is	O
continuing	O
.	O


Islamic	B-ORG
Jihad	I-ORG
has	O
so	O
far	O
claimed	O
responsibility	O
for	O
that	O
.	O


Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Colin	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
says	O
some	O
progress	O
is	O
being	O
made	O
despite	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
towards	O
a	O
truce	O
involving	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
militants	O
.	O


Powell	B-PERSON
is	O
wrapping	O
up	O
a	O
trip	O
to	O
Southeast	O
Asia	B-LOC
.	O


He	O
's	O
due	O
here	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
tomorrow	B-DATE
morning	O
for	O
talks	O
with	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
and	O
the	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
supposed	O
to	O
helicopter	O
to	O
Jericho	B-GPE
on	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
to	O
meet	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Mahmoud	B-PERSON
Abbas	I-PERSON
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Rhonda	B-PERSON
Schaffler	I-PERSON
,	O
live	O
from	O
the	B-FAC
New	I-FAC
York	I-FAC
Stock	I-FAC
Exchange	I-FAC
,	O
where	O
stocks	O
are	O
stuck	O
in	O
reverse	O
.	O


Stocks	O
have	O
rallied	O
for	O
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
on	O
a	O
hope	O
of	O
a	O
turnaround	O
in	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O


Investors	O
ignoring	O
upbeat	O
signs	O
about	O
the	O
economy	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


A	O
key	O
gauge	O
of	O
future	O
economic	O
activity	O
posted	O
its	O
biggest	O
rise	O
in	O
17	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


Despite	O
that	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
industrial	O
average	O
sliding	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
by	O
76	B-CARDINAL
points	O
.	O


General	B-ORG
Electronic	I-ORG
using	O
a	B-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
after	O
three	B-CARDINAL
brokerage	O
companies	O
cut	O
their	O
profit	O
expectation	O
on	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


Nasdaq	O
off	O
0.75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


CNN	B-ORG
's	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
Live	I-WORK_OF_ART
From	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
continues	O
after	O
this	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
air	O
,	O
it	O
looks	O
like	O
a	O
big	O
box	O
of	O
spilled	O
matching	O
and	O
toothpicks	O
.	O


A	O
runaway	O
freight	O
train	O
derailed	O
in	O
Commerce	B-GPE
,	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
spilled	O
its	O
load	O
of	O
lumber	O
.	O


Our	O
national	O
correspondent	O
Frank	B-PERSON
Buckley	I-PERSON
is	O
on	O
the	O
scene	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
there	O
and	O
joining	O
us	O
live	O
with	O
details	O
.	O


How	O
bad	O
is	O
it	O
?	O


It	O
'll	O
be	O
a	O
busy	O
weekend	O
for	O
Secretary	O
Powell	B-PERSON
on	O
the	O
sidelines	O
of	O
the	O
forum	O
,	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
quartet	O
meeting	O
on	O
Sunday	B-DATE
.	O


It	O
's	O
composed	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


An	O
U.N.	B-ORG
envoy	O
says	O
the	O
group	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
priority	O
is	O
to	O
negotiate	O
a	O
transfer	O
of	O
military	O
power	O
over	O
Gaza	B-GPE
and	O
Bethlehem	B-GPE
to	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
.	O


Sheila	B-PERSON
Macvicar	I-PERSON
has	O
the	O
latest	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


There	O
are	O
some	O
suggestions	O
after	O
the	O
visit	O
yesterday	B-DATE
of	O
Colin	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
meeting	O
with	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Abbas	B-PERSON
said	O
more	O
progress	O
may	O
be	O
made	O
on	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
administration	O
's	O
road	O
map	O
to	O
peace	O
.	O


``	B-ORG
The	I-ORG
Los	I-ORG
Angeles	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
reporting	O
that	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
officials	O
may	O
be	O
very	O
close	O
to	O
reaching	O
a	O
deal	O
for	O
security	O
control	O
,	O
not	O
just	O
of	O
a	O
small	O
part	O
of	O
Gaza	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
returning	O
all	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
to	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
control	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
significant	O
step	O
,	O
indeed	O
,	O
plus	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
city	O
of	O
Bethlehem	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
``	I-ORG
L.A.	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
reporting	O
that	O
negotiations	O
are	O
continuing	O
and	O
will	O
resume	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


Senior	O
Israeli	B-NORP
officials	O
telling	O
CNN	B-ORG
that	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
area	O
to	O
be	O
returned	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
is	O
not	O
so	O
much	O
the	O
question	O
confirming	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
returning	O
all	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
to	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
security	O
control	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
options	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
have	O
indeed	O
put	O
on	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


The	O
issue	O
is	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
readiness	O
and	O
willingness	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
implement	O
full	O
security	O
control	O
throughout	O
all	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


Now	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
perspective	O
,	O
that	O
also	O
means	O
they	O
would	O
expect	O
Palestinian	B-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
to	O
fairly	O
quickly	O
begin	O
to	O
disarm	O
and	O
dismantle	O
organizations	O
like	O
Hamas	B-ORG
in	O
particular	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
also	O
in	O
England	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
's	O
rich	O
,	O
handsome	O
,	O
got	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
adoring	O
fans	O
,	O
and	O
today	B-DATE
he	O
celebrates	O
a	O
birthday	O
,	O
big	O
21	B-DATE
.	O


Prince	B-PERSON
William	I-PERSON
,	O
second	B-ORDINAL
in	O
line	O
to	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
throne	O
.	O


CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Walter	B-PERSON
Rodgers	I-PERSON
has	O
the	O
story	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


In	O
days	O
of	O
yore	O
,	O
an	O
English	B-NORP
prince	O
,	O
a	O
king	O
in	O
waiting	O
would	O
be	O
charging	O
off	O
to	O
battle	O
on	O
a	O
horse	O
,	O
just	O
before	O
his	O
21st	B-ORDINAL
birthday	O
.	O


Prince	B-PERSON
William	I-PERSON
is	O
chasing	O
a	O
polo	O
ball	O
,	O
such	O
of	O
what	O
has	O
become	O
of	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
monarchy	O
over	O
time	O
.	O


Buckingham	B-FAC
Palace	I-FAC
released	O
his	O
pictures	O
of	O
William	B-PERSON
,	O
brother	O
Harry	B-PERSON
and	O
their	O
father	O
,	O
Prince	B-PERSON
Charles	I-PERSON
in	O
what	O
some	O
see	O
as	O
a	O
skilled	O
marketing	O
campaign	O
to	O
sell	O
the	O
monarchy	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
generation	O
of	O
Britains	B-NORP
.	O


After	O
15	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
scandals	O
and	O
embarrassment	O
,	O
many	O
see	O
Prince	B-PERSON
William	I-PERSON
as	O
the	O
House	O
of	O
Windsor	O
's	O
only	O
hope	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
young	O
people	O
he	O
needs	O
to	O
appeal	O
to	O
.	O


By	O
the	O
time	O
he	O
gets	O
to	O
the	O
throne	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
40	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
young	O
people	O
of	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
fans	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


William	B-PERSON
does	O
not	O
lack	O
for	O
fans	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
wept	O
when	O
his	O
mother	O
,	O
Princess	B-PERSON
Diana	I-PERSON
,	O
died	O
,	O
apparently	O
transfered	O
their	O
affection	O
to	O
her	O
eldest	O
son	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
part	O
teen	O
idol	O
,	O
part	O
king	O
in	O
the	O
making	O
,	O
but	O
unlike	O
his	O
father	O
,	O
Prince	B-PERSON
Charles	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
precede	O
him	O
to	O
the	O
throne	O
,	O
this	O
prince	O
disdains	O
being	O
called	O
your	O
Royal	O
Highness	O
,	O
signing	O
his	O
name	O
,	O
William	B-PERSON
Wales	I-PERSON
.	O


I	O
would	O
think	O
that	O
if	O
you	O
asked	O
anyone	O
if	O
William	B-PERSON
is	O
normal	O
,	O
every	O
single	O
person	O
would	O
say	O
,	O
absolutely	O
normal	O
,	O
but	O
slightly	O
more	O
serious	O
than	O
most	O
young	O
men	O
his	O
age	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Prince	B-PERSON
William	I-PERSON
is	O
most	O
at	O
ease	O
with	O
those	O
closest	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
those	O
he	O
can	O
trust	O
not	O
to	O
run	O
to	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
gossipy	O
media	O
.	O


Despite	O
Prince	B-PERSON
Charles	I-PERSON
'	I-PERSON
ugly	O
divorce	O
with	O
Princess	B-PERSON
Diana	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
affection	O
between	O
father	O
and	O
son	O
is	O
now	O
palpable	O
and	O
enviable	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
all	O
very	O
good	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
younger	O
king	O
in	O
the	O
making	O
calls	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
next	O
king	O
Pa	O
.	O


William	B-PERSON
,	O
once	O
his	O
mother	O
's	O
confidante	O
and	O
protector	O
now	O
seems	O
the	O
apple	O
of	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
eye	O
.	O


Was	O
chasing	O
him	O
with	O
a	O
stick	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
horse	O
was	O
ducking	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
huge	O
birthday	O
bash	O
for	O
William	B-PERSON
at	O
Windsor	B-FAC
Castle	I-FAC
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
300	I-CARDINAL
guests	O
invited	O
,	O
all	O
ffk	O
,	O
friends	O
of	O
the	O
future	O
king	O
.	O


That	O
birthday	O
party	O
has	O
now	O
been	O
under	O
way	O
about	O
--	O


The	O
NASA	B-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Space	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
both	O
launch	O
missions	O
to	O
Mars	B-LOC
this	O
month	O
sending	O
rovers	O
and	O
ashters	O
to	O
probe	O
the	B-LOC
Red	I-LOC
Planet	I-LOC
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
big	O
questions	O
about	O
Mars	B-LOC
is	O
when	O
or	O
whether	O
humans	O
will	O
ever	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
visit	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
an	O
idea	O
plagued	O
with	O
unsolved	O
problems	O
.	O


The	O
latest	O
issue	O
of	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
Popular	I-WORK_OF_ART
Science	I-WORK_OF_ART
magazine	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
takes	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
challenges	O
NASA	B-ORG
is	O
facing	O
.	O


Joining	O
us	O
is	O
the	O
contributing	O
editor	O
.	O


Good	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
,	O
Jeff	B-PERSON
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
only	O
about	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
when	O
we	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
moon	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
difficulty	O
in	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Mars	B-LOC
?	O


It	O
's	O
unimaginably	O
difficult	O
and	O
different	O
.	O


Mars	B-LOC
is	O
at	O
most	O
times	O
100	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
away	O
from	O
us	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
nine	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
trip	O
.	O


Then	O
if	O
we	O
stay	O
there	O
for	O
about	O
a	O
year	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
whole	O
trip	O
could	O
last	O
about	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


We	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
conditions	O
where	O
there	O
's	O
radiation	O
in	O
space	O
cosmic	O
radiation	O
that	O
could	O
cause	O
cancer	O
.	O


The	O
communications	O
conditions	O
once	O
you	O
're	O
on	O
Mars	B-LOC
,	O
just	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
people	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
20	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME
delay	O
in	O
the	O
conversation	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
the	O
issues	O
are	O
so	O
much	O
larger	O
than	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
moon	O
.	O


And	O
for	O
now	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
250	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
which	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
maximum	O
for	O
astronauts	O
in	O
space	O
anyway	O
,	O
but	O
as	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
much	O
further	O
travel	O
.	O


But	O
let	O
's	O
talk	O
about	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
hurdles	O
that	O
hamper	O
humans	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
survive	O
there	O
.	O


The	O
dust	O
,	O
for	O
one	O
thing	O
.	O


Cataracts	O
another	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
right	O
kind	O
of	O
spacecraft	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
allow	O
humans	O
to	O
actually	O
get	O
that	O
far	O
and	O
to	O
survive	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
first	O
of	O
all	O
,	O
the	O
spacecraft	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
launched	O
from	O
Earth	B-LOC
.	O


You	O
'd	O
have	O
to	O
launch	O
it	O
from	O
in	O
space	O
already	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
we	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
build	O
it	O
in	O
space	O
.	O


So	O
that	O
means	O
we	O
need	O
a	O
good	O
shuttle	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
us	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
spacecraft	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
fuel	O
that	O
will	O
take	O
it	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
Earth	B-LOC
's	O
orbit	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
Mars	B-LOC
.	O


That	O
's	O
probably	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
nuclear	O
propulsion	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
again	O
something	O
we	O
have	O
n't	O
really	O
developed	O
yet	O
,	O
because	O
we	O
could	O
n't	O
carry	O
that	O
much	O
fuel	O
,	O
obviously	O
.	O


Liquid	O
oxygen	O
would	O
be	O
way	O
too	O
heavy	O
to	O
carry	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
Mars	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
bigger	O
issue	O
is	O
once	O
we	O
get	O
there	O
,	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
carry	O
oxygen	O
or	O
water	O
or	O
food	O
to	O
stay	O
there	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
so	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
all	O
of	O
that	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
planet	O
.	O


And	O
think	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


Mars	B-LOC
is	O
carbon	O
dioxide	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
breathe	O
there	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
some	O
conversion	O
technique	O
to	O
create	O
water	O
,	O
to	O
create	O
oxygen	O
and	O
then	O
some	O
way	O
of	O
growing	O
food	O
on	O
the	O
planet	O
itself	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
works	O
now	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
quite	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
develop	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
cosmic	O
radiation	O
.	O


Then	O
of	O
course	O
there	O
is	O
the	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
G	O
bone	O
loss	O
,	O
almost	O
like	O
the	O
eroding	O
of	O
bone	O
to	O
humans	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
at	O
risk	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Absolutely	O
.	O


There	O
could	O
be	O
as	B-PERCENT
much	I-PERCENT
as	I-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bone	O
loss	O
in	O
astronauts	O
in	O
Mars	B-LOC
.	O


Why	O
?	O


During	O
the	O
time	O
in	O
Mars	B-LOC
.	O


Because	O
when	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
gravity	O
as	O
there	O
is	O
on	O
Mars	B-LOC
,	O
the	O
body	O
does	O
n't	O
pick	O
up	O
the	O
calcium	O
in	O
the	O
bones	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
keep	O
getting	O
the	O
bones	O
stronger	O
and	O
stronger	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
will	O
just	O
lose	O
it	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
almost	O
like	O
old	O
people	O
even	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
40	I-DATE
.	O


Jeff	O
Rothfeder	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
joining	O
us	O
.	O


Looks	O
like	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
some	O
time	O
before	O
we	O
make	O
our	O
way	O
to	O
Mars	B-LOC
.	O


That	O
's	O
it	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
before	O
we	O
go	O
,	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
what	O
's	O
coming	O
up	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
controversial	O
incinerator	O
just	O
about	O
ready	O
to	O
destroy	O
weapons	O
at	O
an	O
Anniston	B-GPE
,	O
Alabama	B-GPE
,	O
military	O
facility	O
.	O


What	O
might	O
be	O
the	O
risk	O
to	O
people	O
downwind	O
.	O


That	O
story	O
and	O
much	O
more	O
coming	O
up	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Coming	O
up	O
next	O
on	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
CNN	I-WORK_OF_ART
Live	I-WORK_OF_ART
Sunday	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	O
look	O
at	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
storage	O
of	O
gas	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
followed	O
by	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
People	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
News	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
profiling	O
Harrison	B-PERSON
Ford	I-PERSON
and	O
Harry	B-PERSON
Potter	I-PERSON
.	O


At	O
8:00	B-TIME
Eastern	I-TIME
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
presents	O
Road	B-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
Baghdad	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


How	O
about	O
the	O
former	O
mayor	O
?	O


He	O
got	O
married	O
.	O


What	O
else	O
has	O
Rudy	B-PERSON
Giuliani	I-PERSON
been	O
up	O
to	O
?	O


He	O
spoke	O
with	O
Paula	B-PERSON
Zahn	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
night	O
back	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
what	O
,	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
say	O
to	O
her	O
.	O


My	O
focus	O
is	O
on	O
re-electing	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
convention	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
here	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
the	O
question	O
I	O
asked	O
you	O
.	O


What	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
?	O


That	O
's	O
so	O
far	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


Would	O
you	O
consider	O
a	O
run	O
for	O
governor	O
.	O


Sure	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
consider	O
running	O
for	O
public	O
office	O
again	O
in	O
a	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
because	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
,	O
I	O
enjoy	O
public	O
service	O
and	O
I	O
enjoy	O
campaigning	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
in	O
30	B-CARDINAL
states	O
I	O
think	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
Republican	B-NORP
candidates	O
and	O
I	O
tend	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
campaigning	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
for	O
the	O
President	O
.	O


At	O
some	O
point	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
myself	O
.	O


Speaking	O
of	O
the	O
presidency	O
,	O
you	O
said	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
arrogant	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
that	O
office	O
when	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
under	O
serious	O
consideration	O
.	O


Is	O
that	O
something	O
that	O
you	O
've	O
ever	O
given	O
a	O
glancing	O
thought	O
to	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
you	O
do	O
unless	O
it	O
's	O
realistic	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
point	O
,	O
my	O
candidate	O
--	O


Okay	O
.	O


Question	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


Here	O
's	O
Jack	B-PERSON
back	O
with	O
that	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
,	O
Bill	B-PERSON
.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
new	O
poll	O
out	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Washington	B-ORG
Post	I-ORG
poll	O
that	O
suggests	O
that	O
most	O
Americans	B-NORP
would	O
support	O
U.S.	B-GPE
military	O
action	O
against	O
Iran	B-GPE
in	O
order	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
country	O
from	O
acquiring	O
nuclear	O
weapons	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
survey	O
,	O
56	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
said	O
they	O
would	O
back	O
military	O
force	O
to	O
block	O
Iran	B-GPE
from	O
developing	O
nuclear	O
weapons	O
.	O


38	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
said	O
they	O
'd	O
oppose	O
it	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
the	O
question	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


Would	O
you	O
support	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
military	O
force	O
to	O
block	O
Iran	B-GPE
from	O
developing	O
nuclear	O
weapons	O
?	O


We	O
have	O
gotten	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
responses	O
beginning	O
with	O
this	O
one	O
from	O
Edward	B-PERSON
in	O
Oklahoma	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
support	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
military	O
force	O
100	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
problem	O
is	O
with	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
forces	O
busy	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
,	O
Korea	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Balkans	B-LOC
,	O
the	O
Philippines	B-GPE
and	O
Korea	B-GPE
,	O
can	O
we	O
be	O
sure	O
that	O
France	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
are	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
job	O
?	O


Not	O
bad	O
.	O


Sally	B-PERSON
in	O
Daytona	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
.	O


I	O
think	O
if	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
this	O
terror	O
thing	O
over	O
with	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
clear	O
the	O
countries	O
that	O
house	O
them	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
deadly	O
to	O
let	O
Iran	B-GPE
get	O
their	O
hands	O
on	O
nuclear	O
weapons	O
employ	O
I	O
would	O
support	O
any	O
action	O
.	O


Karen	O
Brights	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
support	O
Iran	B-GPE
.	O


Why	O
do	O
we	O
,	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
get	O
to	O
choose	O
who	O
has	O
nukes	O
and	O
who	O
does	O
n't	O
?	O


Is	O
n't	O
that	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
?	O


Kay	B-PERSON
Jones	I-PERSON
in	O
Waterford	B-GPE
,	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
.	O


Sure	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
invade	O
Iran	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
're	O
already	O
over	O
there	O
.	O


Besides	O
the	O
biggest	O
cost	O
to	O
us	O
next	O
to	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
life	O
is	O
transporting	O
our	O
troops	O
overseas	O
.	O


Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
Iran	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
's	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
letter	O
off	O
,	O
we	O
could	O
call	O
it	O
a	O
typo	O
.	O


A	O
little	O
cruel	O
.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
in	O
Montana	B-GPE
.	O


Nuclear	O
weapons	O
in	O
Iran	B-GPE
,	O
hope	O
--	O


And	O
Buzz	B-PERSON
writes	O
no	O
one	O
wants	O
to	O
see	O
a	O
war	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
one	O
wants	O
to	O
see	O
another	B-EVENT
September	I-EVENT
11th	I-EVENT
even	O
more	O
,	O
especially	O
a	O
nuclear	O
September	B-EVENT
11th	I-EVENT
.	O


I	O
would	O
support	O
military	O
action	O
in	O
Iran	B-GPE
if	O
it	O
helps	O
to	O
stabilize	O
that	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


You	O
see	O
it	O
going	O
this	O
way	O
?	O


You	O
see	O
it	O
going	O
this	O
way	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
fascinating	O
if	O
you	O
put	O
up	O
a	O
map	O
and	O
a	O
dot	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
places	O
that	O
you	O
get	O
an	O
--	O


Let	O
's	O
talk	O
about	O
Fidelity	B-ORG
actually	O
shifting	O
some	O
name	O
brand	O
funds	O
into	O
no	O
loads	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


It	O
means	O
it	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
less	O
expensive	O
to	O
get	O
into	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
mutual	O
funds	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
biggest	O
,	O
by	O
Fidelity	B-ORG
.	O


Fidelity	B-ORG
is	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
the	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
upfront	O
sales	O
charge	O
on	O
five	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
largest	O
funds	O
.	O


That	O
does	O
include	O
the	B-ORG
Magellan	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
which	O
is	O
its	O
biggest	O
.	O


Contra	B-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
and	O
low	O
-	O
priced	O
stock	O
funds	O
charges	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
canceled	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Magellan	B-ORG
and	O
New	B-ORG
Millennium	I-ORG
are	O
closed	O
to	O
new	O
investors	O
.	O


Current	O
investors	O
are	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
charged	O
.	O


Peoria	B-ORG
Police	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
.	I-ORG


They	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
investor	O
's	O
renewed	O
interests	O
to	O
buy	O
stock	O
.	O


Many	O
investors	O
shy	O
away	O
from	O
funds	O
that	O
include	O
a	O
load	O
or	O
fee	O
.	O


That	O
load	O
or	O
fee	O
was	O
already	O
waived	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
what	O
is	O
going	O
on	O
here	O
on	O
Wall	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
,	O
some	O
renewed	O
interest	O
in	O
buying	O
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
.	O


Stocks	O
modestly	O
higher	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
everyone	O
is	O
more	O
or	O
less	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
decision	O
on	O
interest	O
rates	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
that	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
expects	O
the	O
central	O
bank	O
to	O
cut	O
rates	O
.	O


Technology	O
stocks	O
holding	O
near	O
the	O
break	O
-	O
even	O
line	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
warning	O
from	O
chip	O
maker	O
Advanced	B-ORG
Micro	I-ORG
Devices	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
company	O
says	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
miss	O
sales	O
expectations	O
so	O
that	O
is	O
reining	O
in	O
some	O
tech	O
buying	O
.	O


Nasdaq	O
's	O
up	O
just	O
slightly	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
very	O
latest	O
news	O
from	O
Wall	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
.	O


CNN	B-ORG
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
Live	I-WORK_OF_ART
From	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
continues	O
right	O
after	O
this	O
break	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
told	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
was	O
greeted	O
by	O
Prince	B-PERSON
Charles	I-PERSON
as	O
he	O
arrived	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
music	O
beginning	O
as	O
they	O
enter	O
,	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
formalities	O
of	O
a	O
royal	O
reception	O
such	O
as	O
this	O
.	O


His	O
private	O
plane	O
arrived	O
at	O
Heathrow	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
.	O


Putin	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
wife	O
left	O
for	O
the	O
official	O
reception	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
seeing	O
now	O
here	O
in	O
central	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
'll	O
bring	O
Walter	B-PERSON
Rodgers	I-PERSON
back	O
in	O
who	O
's	O
live	O
outside	O
Buckingham	B-FAC
Palace	I-FAC
.	O


Let	O
's	O
listen	O
in	O
for	O
a	O
few	O
moments	O
,	O
Roger	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
then	O
we	O
'll	O
talk	O
about	O
this	O
reception	O
and	O
what	O
it	O
means	O
.	O


Listening	O
to	O
``	O
God	B-WORK_OF_ART
Save	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Queen	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Her	O
Majesty	O
with	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
,	O
his	O
wife	O
and	O
also	O
Prince	B-PERSON
Charles	I-PERSON
sitting	O
down	O
with	O
their	O
guests	O
.	O


Also	O
with	O
them	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Blair	I-PERSON
.	O


Walter	B-PERSON
Rodgers	I-PERSON
outside	O
of	O
Buckingham	B-FAC
Palace	I-FAC
as	O
the	O
royal	O
reception	O
here	O
begins	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
time	O
for	O
Russian	B-NORP
head	O
of	O
state	O
to	O
visit	O
Britain	B-GPE
.	O


More	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
130	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	I-DATE


Actually	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
was	O
Alexander	B-PERSON
II	I-PERSON
in	O
1874	B-DATE
.	O


Same	O
type	O
of	O
fanfare	O
and	O
pomp	O
to	O
take	O
place	O
.	O


Walter	B-PERSON
Rodgers	I-PERSON
,	O
let	O
's	O
talk	O
about	O
if	O
we	O
could	O
,	O
the	O
guest	O
list	O
.	O


Just	O
looking	O
at	O
this	O
group	O
at	O
this	O
royal	O
reception	O
and	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
even	O
noticing	O
some	O
gentleman	O
,	O
probably	O
a	O
political	O
and	O
religious	O
mix	O
of	O
sorts	O
.	O


How	O
did	O
the	O
queen	O
design	O
the	O
guest	O
list	O
for	O
this	O
incredible	O
and	O
historic	O
event	O
?	O


Comes	O
with	O
someone	O
involved	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
22	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
disabled	O
woman	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
talk	O
about	O
her	O
current	O
predicament	O
.	O


A	O
mind	O
of	O
toddler	O
,	O
raped	O
while	O
in	O
state	O
care	O
,	O
pregnant	O
,	O
and	O
forced	O
in	O
the	O
spotlight	O
when	O
Jeb	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
tried	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
guardian	O
appointed	O
for	O
her	O
fetus	O
.	O


Predicament	O
goes	O
hard	O
enough	O
to	O
describe	O
that	O
.	O


To	O
continue	O
a	O
pregnancy	O
that	O
her	O
lawyer	O
says	O
she	O
is	O
not	O
aware	O
of	O
but	O
the	O
decision	O
was	O
n't	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
advice	O
of	O
the	O
governor	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
CNN	B-ORG
's	O
Susan	B-PERSON
Candyioti	I-PERSON
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


We	O
know	O
her	O
only	O
by	O
her	O
initial	O
,	O
this	O
mother	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
be	O
,	O
JDS	B-PERSON
.	O


Only	O
22	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
with	O
no	O
known	O
family	O
.	O


Police	O
say	O
she	O
has	O
the	O
mental	O
capacity	O
of	O
a	O
1	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
court	O
filing	O
,	O
JDS	B-PERSON
has	O
cerebral	O
palsy	O
and	O
she	O
's	O
autistic	O
.	O


She	O
did	O
n't	O
become	O
pregnant	O
by	O
choice	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
raped	O
,	O
police	O
say	O
in	O
a	O
group	O
home	O
overseen	O
by	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


JDS	B-PERSON
is	O
now	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
pregnant	O
.	O


Since	O
she	O
's	O
incapable	O
of	O
making	O
her	O
own	O
decision	O
,	O
a	O
Florida	B-GPE
judge	O
based	O
his	O
decision	O
on	O
below	O
to	O
give	O
birth	O
on	O
the	O
recommendation	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
doctors	O
agreed	O
JDS	B-PERSON
is	O
,	O
``	O
in	O
good	O
health	O
.	O
''	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
sonograms	O
reveal	O
,	O
no	O
obvious	O
or	O
significant	O
fetal	O
abnormalities	O
.	O


Although	O
,	O
JDS	B-PERSON
is	O
autistic	O
,	O
a	O
guardian	O
says	O
JDS	B-PERSON
appears	O
to	O
be	O
responsive	O
not	O
just	O
sitting	O
in	O
a	O
semiconscious	O
state	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


Still	O
undecided	O
,	O
an	O
appeal	O
by	O
Governor	O
Jeb	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
wants	O
the	O
guardian	O
apointed	O
for	O
the	O
fetus	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
the	O
unborn	O
child	O
must	O
be	O
protected	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
a	O
spokesman	O
for	O
the	O
governor	O
says	O
he	O
calls	O
the	O
court	O
ruling	O
for	O
JDS	B-PERSON
,	O
not	O
to	O
abort	O
the	O
baby	O
,	O
compassionate	O
and	O
humane	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
in	O
Miami	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
judge	O
ordered	O
an	O
abortion	O
for	O
another	O
severely	O
disabled	O
raped	O
woman	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
living	O
in	O
a	O
state	O
-	O
regulated	O
home	O
.	O


In	O
that	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
young	O
woman	O
's	O
mother	O
approved	O
the	O
abortion	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
unanswered	O
questions	O
still	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
the	O
baby	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
JDS	B-PERSON
?	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
guardian	O
,	O
she	O
's	O
very	O
worried	O
about	O
that	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
has	O
warned	O
the	O
court	O
that	O
she	O
hopes	O
the	O
mother	O
will	O
be	O
placed	O
in	O
a	O
better	O
home	O
when	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
over	O
,	O
one	O
where	O
she	O
is	O
far	O
better	O
protected	O
than	O
she	O
was	O
by	O
the	O
state	O
in	O
a	O
home	O
where	O
police	O
say	O
she	O
was	O
raped	O
.	O


Aaron	B-PERSON
?	O


Well	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
questions	O
.	O


Do	O
they	O
know	O
who	O
the	O
rapist	O
is	O
?	O


That	O
's	O
sort	O
a	O
yes	O
or	O
no	O
,	O
I	O
suppose	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
other	O
is	O
,	O
Has	O
the	O
state	O
done	O
anything	O
?	O


Is	O
it	O
doing	O
anything	O
to	O
tighten	O
up	O
security	O
in	O
these	O
places	O
with	O
respect	O
defenseless	O
people	O
are	O
being	O
attacked	O
?	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Well	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
,	O
regarding	O
the	O
rape	O
,	O
they	O
hope	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
who	O
the	O
father	O
is	O
once	O
she	O
gives	O
birth	O
because	O
they	O
will	O
analyze	O
DNA	O
from	O
the	O
baby	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
determine	O
paternity	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
governor	O
has	O
ordered	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
experts	O
now	O
to	O
study	O
this	O
issue	O
of	O
security	O
.	O


Far	O
better	O
security	O
than	O
is	O
clearly	O
needed	O
for	O
people	O
such	O
as	O
this	O
woman	O
,	O
JDS	B-PERSON
,	O
living	O
in	O
group	O
homes	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
wait	O
for	O
the	O
report	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
,	O
Susan	B-PERSON
.	O


Susan	B-PERSON
Candiotti	I-PERSON
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


Coming	O
up	O
on	O
``	O
Newsnight	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
a	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
is	O
there	O
one	O
or	O
is	O
it	O
lots	O
of	O
talk	O
.	O


Actions	O
say	O
different	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
talk	O
to	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
legal	O
representative	O
,	O
their	O
legal	O
adviser	O
when	O
we	O
continue	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


So	O
what	O
do	O
the	O
Clintons	B-PERSON
,	O
Ford	B-PERSON
and	O
Arnold	B-PERSON
Schwarzenegger	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
cast	O
of	O
``	O
Friends	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
have	O
in	O
common	O
?	O


They	O
all	O
love	O
California	B-GPE
.	O


That	O
is	O
certainly	O
true	O
.	O


and	O
now	O
Aaron	B-PERSON
Tonkin	I-PERSON
and	O
according	O
to	O
``	O
Vanity	B-ORG
Fair	I-ORG
,	O
''	O
he	O
's	O
at	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
half	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
investigations	O
with	O
fraud	O
and	O
angry	O
investor	O
lawsuits	O
a-plenty	O
.	O


Joining	O
us	O
is	O
Brian	B-PERSON
Burrow	I-PERSON
to	O
explain	O
it	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Who	O
is	O
this	O
guy	O
?	O


Garn	B-PERSON
Tonkin	I-PERSON
?	I-PERSON


Brian	B-PERSON
,	O
can	O
you	O
hear	O
me	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
heard	O
someone	O
say	O
something	O
.	O


Can	O
you	O
hear	O
me	O
?	O


You	O
're	O
on	O
the	O
air	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
great	O
moments	O
of	O
live	O
television	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
?	O


Brian	B-PERSON
,	O
can	O
you	O
hear	O
me	O
?	O


All	O
right	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
take	O
a	O
--	O


I	O
can	O
hear	O
you	O
now	O
,	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
.	O


Well	O
,	O
maybe	O
not	O
.	O


Can	O
you	O
hear	O
me	O
?	O


Just	O
barely	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
take	O
a	O
short	O
break	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
.	O


Become	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
at	O
westin.com.	O
jooirx	O
.	O


Joining	O
us	O
,	O
Brian	B-PERSON
Burrow	I-PERSON
.	O


Who	O
is	O
Aaron	B-PERSON
Tonkin	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
biggest	O
if	O
not	O
the	O
biggest	O
names	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
fund	O
-	O
raisers	O
.	O


A	O
person	O
who	O
would	O
put	O
together	O
celebrities	O
with	O
charities	O
to	O
raise	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
perhaps	O
best	O
known	O
as	O
kind	O
of	O
the	O
focal	O
point	O
between	O
Bill	B-PERSON
and	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
community	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
interesting	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
reading	O
the	O
article	O
,	O
basically	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
the	O
celebrities	O
paid	O
by	O
him	O
to	O
attend	O
charity	O
functions	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
was	O
most	O
surprising	O
to	O
me	O
was	O
in	O
learning	O
that	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
major	O
fund	O
-	O
raiser	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
honoring	O
former	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
,	O
former	O
President	O
Ford	B-PERSON
paid	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Tonkin	B-PERSON
and	O
Sylvester	B-PERSON
Stalone	I-PERSON
was	O
paid	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
for	O
charity	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


I	O
guess	O
apparently	O
not	O
and	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
the	O
celebrities	O
making	O
money	O
from	O
this	O
.	O


Are	O
they	O
reporting	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
.	O


I	O
guess	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
IRS	B-ORG
investigation	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


Right	O
now	O
,	O
Aaron	B-PERSON
Tonkin	I-PERSON
factors	O
in	O
no	B-CARDINAL
fewer	I-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
seven	I-CARDINAL
different	O
federal	O
and	O
state	O
investigations	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
being	O
an	O
IRS	B-ORG
investigation	O
into	O
several	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
worth	O
of	O
cash	O
and	O
gift	O
that	O
is	O
he	O
gave	O
to	O
many	O
many	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
celebrities	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
his	O
attorney	O
gave	O
us	O
a	O
statement	O
I	O
'll	O
put	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
screen	O
.	O


It	O
says	O
--	O


Is	O
that	O
possible	O
?	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
alledged	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
principle	O
reasons	O
he	O
took	O
so	O
much	O
fun	O
from	O
--	O


They	O
're	O
calling	O
it	O
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
a	O
kind	O
exhibit	O
the	O
rarest	O
and	O
most	O
precious	O
diamonds	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
on	O
display	O
starting	O
tomorrow	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
at	O
a	O
Smithsonian	B-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
are	O
huge	O
rocks	O
.	O


Kathleen	B-PERSON
Coke	I-PERSON
got	O
a	O
private	O
advanced	O
tour	O
of	O
the	O
vault	O
and	O
the	O
diamonds	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


They	O
are	O
the	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
wonders	O
of	O
the	O
gem	O
world	O
gathered	O
together	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
place	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
history	O
.	O


For	O
these	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
this	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
once	O
in	O
a	O
lifetime	O
opportunity	O
to	O
see	O
these	O
together	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


In	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
History	I-ORG
past	O
cabinets	O
of	O
artifacts	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
stored	O
temporarily	O
in	O
a	O
vault	O
few	O
people	O
enter	O
.	O


We	O
did	O
interviews	O
locked	O
inside	O
next	O
to	O
the	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
perfect	O
diamonds	O
.	O


Flawless	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Just	O
simply	O
touching	O
it	O
.	O


203	B-QUANTITY
carats	I-QUANTITY
,	O
40	B-QUANTITY
grams	I-QUANTITY
.	O


It	O
's	O
got	O
a	O
good	O
heft	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


A	O
hefty	O
diamond	O
that	O
thieves	O
took	O
a	O
stab	O
at	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
in	O
2000	B-DATE
using	O
a	O
bulldozier	O
,	O
sledgehammer	O
and	O
nail	O
guns	O
.	O


Police	O
tipped	O
off	O
the	O
raiding	O
.	O


They	O
would	O
have	O
committed	O
the	O
largest	O
robbery	O
ever	O
to	O
take	O
place	O
ever	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
jewels	O
include	O
the	O
finest	O
colored	O
diamonds	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Colors	O
created	O
when	O
impurities	O
replaced	O
the	O
carbon	O
.	O


This	O
beautiful	O
yellow	O
gets	O
its	O
color	O
from	O
nitrogen	O
impurities	O
.	O


The	O
blue	O
color	O
comes	O
from	O
boron	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


The	O
59.6	B-QUANTITY
carat	I-QUANTITY
pink	O
diamond	O
just	O
unveiled	O
in	O
Monaco	B-GPE
is	O
on	O
display	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
its	O
owners	O
confident	O
it	O
is	O
secure	O
.	O


This	O
exhibit	O
is	O
every	O
jewel	O
thief	O
's	O
dream	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
Mt.	B-FAC
Everest	I-FAC
to	O
conquer	O
.	O


Is	O
n't	O
that	O
a	O
frightening	O
prospect	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
frightening	O
prospect	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
nightmare	O
.	O


That	O
will	O
never	O
take	O
place	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Assured	O
because	O
the	O
collection	O
will	O
take	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
room	O
of	O
the	O
Hope	O
Diamond	O
.	O


This	O
room	O
an	O
actual	O
vault	O
with	O
state	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
art	O
security	O
.	O


Iron	O
doors	O
hidden	O
in	O
panels	O
close	O
every	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
sealing	O
it	O
off	O
from	O
the	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
museum	O
.	O


Reporter	O
:	O


Stars	O
hyperventilating	O
and	O
dig	O
tears	O
getting	O
a	O
tour	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


Kathleen	B-PERSON
Koch	I-PERSON
,	O
CNN	B-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


We	O
begin	O
with	O
Strom	B-PERSON
Thurmond	I-PERSON
the	O
man	O
who	O
set	O
an	O
endureance	O
record	O
for	O
politics	O
died	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
in	O
his	O
hometown	O
of	O
Edgefield	B-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
.	O


He	O
won	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
election	O
in	O
1928	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
office	O
of	O
the	O
county	O
superintendent	O
.	O


From	O
there	O
,	O
he	O
had	O
a	O
36	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
career	O
affiliated	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
before	O
he	O
switched	O
parties	O
in	O
1964	B-DATE
to	O
support	O
Barry	B-PERSON
Goldwater	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
campaign	O
for	O
President	O
.	O


It	O
started	O
a	O
36	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
career	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
gained	O
national	O
recognition	O
as	O
a	O
segregationist	O
.	O


Much	O
more	O
ahead	O
on	O
his	O
legendary	O
and	O
controversial	O
career	O
in	O
just	B-TIME
a	I-TIME
few	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
.	O


A	O
man	O
who	O
had	O
controversy	O
,	O
but	O
knew	O
how	O
to	O
change	O
with	O
the	O
times	O
.	O


Services	O
and	O
tributes	O
for	O
two	B-CARDINAL
political	O
figures	O
who	O
died	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
funeral	O
today	B-DATE
for	O
Lester	B-PERSON
Maddox	I-PERSON
who	O
died	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
segrationist	O
who	O
once	O
closed	O
a	O
restaurant	O
he	O
owned	O
rather	O
than	O
serve	O
African	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Americans	I-NORP
.	O


And	O
Maynard	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
lies	O
in	O
state	O
today	B-DATE
at	O
his	O
alma	O
mater	O
.	O


He	O
died	O
Monday	B-DATE
at	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
65	I-DATE
.	O


Jimmy	B-PERSON
Carter	I-PERSON
spoke	O
yesterday	B-DATE
at	O
a	O
tribute	O
for	O
Jackson	B-PERSON
.	O


Former	O
President	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
expects	O
to	O
attend	O
the	O
funeral	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


And	O
the	O
pope	O
will	O
reportedly	O
name	O
a	O
new	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
troubled	O
Boston	B-ORG
Archdiocese	I-ORG
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Sean	B-PERSON
Patrick	I-PERSON
O'Malley	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
bishop	O
of	O
Palm	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
,	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
replace	O
Cardinal	O
Bernard	B-PERSON
Law	I-PERSON
.	O


That	O
's	O
according	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Catholic	I-ORG
Reporter	I-ORG
.	O


Law	B-PERSON
stepped	O
down	O
in	O
December	B-DATE
amid	O
charges	O
of	O
widespread	O
child	O
sexual	O
abuse	O
in	O
the	O
church	O
.	O


A	O
wildfire	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
forced	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
from	O
their	O
homes	O
.	O


The	O
fire	O
,	O
near	O
the	O
historic	O
State	B-FAC
Park	I-FAC
started	O
yesterday	B-DATE
when	O
a	O
trailer	O
,	O
hauled	O
by	O
a	O
pickup	O
,	O
ignited	O
on	O
the	B-FAC
Golden	I-FAC
State	I-FAC
Freeway	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
fire	O
consumed	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
500	I-QUANTITY
acres	I-QUANTITY
is	O
only	B-PERCENT
about	I-PERCENT
35	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
contained	O
.	O


No	O
injuries	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
thankfully	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
the	O
most	O
serious	O
challenge	O
to	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
13	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
rule	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
still	O
refusing	O
to	O
concede	O
defeat	O
in	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
election	O
,	O
so	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
striking	O
workers	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
drive	O
him	O
from	O
power	O
play	O
.	O


Protesters	O
blocked	O
roads	O
across	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
and	O
so	O
many	O
coal	O
miners	O
walked	O
off	O
the	O
job	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
-	O
run	O
electric	O
company	O
may	O
start	O
to	O
to	O
turn	O
off	O
power	O
.	O


Milosevic	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
received	O
enough	O
votes	O
on	O
Sunday	B-DATE
with	O
the	O
opposition	O
candidate	O
.	O


Milosevic	B-PERSON
's	O
candidate	O
says	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
runoff	O
election	O
.	O


That	O
same	O
storm	O
system	O
derailed	O
a	O
fundraisings	O
trip	O
from	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
for	O
a	O
brief	O
time	O
it	O
made	O
it	O
impossible	O
for	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
free	O
world	O
to	O
watch	O
his	O
Vice	O
President	O
debate	O
on	O
public	O
television	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
in	O
all	O
not	O
a	O
good	O
day	O
for	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


Air	B-PRODUCT
Force	I-PRODUCT
One	I-PRODUCT
was	O
stranded	O
grounded	O
by	O
the	O
heavy	O
rains	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
hotel	O
,	O
the	O
storm	O
knocked	O
out	O
the	O
cable	O
TV	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
tried	O
the	O
TV	O
in	O
the	O
bar	O
.	O


No	O
luck	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
's	O
aides	O
arranged	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
watch	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
big	O
screen	O
TV	O
in	O
the	O
denial	O
of	O
a	O
big	O
campaign	O
donor	O
.	O


He	O
missed	O
45	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
his	O
bullet	O
and	O
bomb	O
proof	O
limousine	O
broke	O
down	O
.	O


Repair	O
attempts	O
were	O
unsuccessful	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
switched	O
to	O
a	O
backup	O
car	O
.	O


The	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
got	O
worse	O
when	O
he	O
urged	O
all	O
Americans	B-NORP
to	O
vote	O
on	O
November	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
election	O
is	O
on	O
November	B-DATE
7	I-DATE
.	O


Good	O
evening	O
.	O


The	O
front	O
page	O
of	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
morning	B-TIME
's	O
Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
.	O


We	O
'll	O
report	O
that	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
since	O
before	O
the	O
Democratic	B-NORP
convention	O
,	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
has	O
grabbed	O
the	O
lead	O
in	O
the	O
race	O
for	O
President	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
basing	O
it	O
on	O
,	O
the	O
newest	O
``	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
/	O
ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
poll	O
showing	O
a	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
46	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
race	O
.	O


Much	O
closer	O
,	O
however	O
nrk	O
our	O
own	O
tracking	O
poll	O
,	O
a	O
statistical	O
dead	O
heat	O
at	O
43	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
42	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


But	O
the	O
trend	O
line	O
is	O
clear	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
several	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
's	O
loss	O
is	O
quite	O
literally	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
gain	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
stakes	O
could	O
tpwhot	O
higher	O
.	O


Tomorrow	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
,	O
Winston	B-GPE
Salem	I-GPE
,	O
North	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
,	O
seated	O
at	O
a	O
table	O
with	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Lehrer	I-PERSON
,	O
both	O
candidates	O
will	O
face	O
off	O
for	O
90	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
with	O
Americans	B-NORP
listening	O
for	O
closely	O
at	O
home	O
so	O
.	O


We	O
begin	O
tonight	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
leader	O
in	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
polls	O
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
governor	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
.	O


NBC	O
News	O
correspondent	O
David	B-PERSON
Gregory	I-PERSON
is	O
traveling	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Bush	O
in	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
where	O
the	O
race	O
on	O
the	O
home	O
turf	O
is	O
surprisingly	O
tight	O
,	O
announcing	O
the	O
endorsement	O
of	O
prominent	O
Democrats	B-NORP
including	O
Griffen	B-PERSON
Bell	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
taunting	O
Gore	B-PERSON
who	O
earlier	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
was	O
accused	O
by	O
a	O
tenant	O
of	O
failing	O
to	O
properly	O
maintain	O
rental	O
property	O
he	O
owns	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


Tennessee	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
fine	O
place	O
to	O
live	O
,	O
I	O
guess	O
it	O
depends	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
on	O
who	O
your	O
landlord	O
is	O
.	O


Both	O
sides	O
have	O
gone	O
negative	O
,	O
but	O
advisors	O
say	O
Bush	B-PERSON
will	O
avoid	O
getting	O
personally	O
involved	O
for	O
fear	O
of	O
a	O
backlash	O
,	O
leaving	O
his	O
top	O
aides	O
to	O
attack	O
Gore	B-PERSON
by	O
calling	O
him	O
a	O
serial	O
exaggerator	O
.	O


A	O
bigger	O
worry	O
to	O
some	O
advisors	O
is	O
it	O
's	O
Bush	B-PERSON
himself	O
giving	O
Gore	B-PERSON
room	O
to	O
attack	O
his	O
readiness	O
to	O
be	O
President	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
Bush	B-PERSON
offers	O
a	O
tangled	O
description	O
of	O
his	O
tax	O
plan	O
and	O
has	O
to	O
turn	O
to	O
his	O
brother	O
to	O
ask	O
if	O
the	O
numbers	O
add	O
up	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
some	O
fuzzy	O
math	O
.	O


Late	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
labored	O
attempt	O
to	O
give	O
an	O
undecided	O
voter	O
a	O
reason	O
to	O
support	O
him	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
groping	O
for	O
the	O
right	O
answer	O
,	O
as	O
you	O
can	O
tell	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
weaving	O
around	O
.	O


You	O
tell	O
your	O
friend	O
that	O
I	O
think	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
reach	O
across	O
the	O
partisan	O
line	O
.	O


Advisors	O
maintain	O
such	O
gaffes	O
are	O
hardly	O
decisive	O
that	O
the	O
election	O
will	O
turn	O
on	O
a	O
general	O
comfort	O
level	O
that	O
undecided	O
voters	O
have	O
with	O
both	O
candidates	O
,	O
terrain	O
where	O
they	O
believe	O
Bush	B-PERSON
still	O
has	O
an	O
advantage	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Gregory	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
with	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
campaign	O
in	O
Greensboro	B-GPE
,	O
North	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
.	O


For	O
a	O
late	O
update	O
,	O
live	O
from	O
the	O
campaign	O
trail	O
we	O
're	O
joined	O
by	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
correspondent	O
Campbell	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
Ho	I-PERSON
who	O
's	O
traveling	O
with	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
effort	O
,	O
and	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
correspondent	O
Chip	B-PERSON
Reid	I-PERSON
traveling	O
with	O
the	O
Gore	B-PERSON
campaign	O
in	O
Kansas	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
Missouri	B-GPE
.	O


Good	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
to	O
you	O
.	O


Good	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
,	O
Brian	B-PERSON
.	O


Well	O
,	O
Bush	B-PERSON
ended	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
with	O
a	O
big	O
rally	O
here	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
just	O
outside	O
of	O
Tampa	B-GPE
.	O


And	O
I	O
'll	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
these	O
evening	O
rallies	O
really	O
have	O
the	O
feel	O
of	O
a	O
rock	O
concert	O
,	O
or	O
maybe	O
a	O
pro	O
wrestling	O
match	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
strobe	O
lights	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
screaming	O
crowds	O
,	O
all	O
designed	O
to	O
make	O
Bush	B-PERSON
look	O
like	O
a	O
winner	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
winner	O
yet	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
is	O
one	O
new	O
poll	O
out	O
that	O
actually	O
puts	O
Gore	B-PERSON
ahead	O
here	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
still	O
several	O
polls	O
that	O
say	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
still	O
ahead	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


Bottom	O
line	O
,	O
as	O
we	O
heard	O
David	B-PERSON
Gregory	I-PERSON
report	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
position	O
the	O
campaign	O
wanted	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
at	O
this	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
central	O
message	O
on	O
this	O
bus	O
trip	O
across	O
central	O
Florida	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
was	O
to	O
his	O
diehard	O
supporters	O
telling	O
them	O
go	O
out	O
,	O
tell	O
your	O
friends	O
still	O
on	O
the	O
fence	O
why	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
vote	O
for	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
message	O
the	O
campaign	O
hopes	O
it	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
convey	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
because	O
while	O
Florida	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
must	O
-	O
win	O
,	O
they	O
also	O
can	O
not	O
ignore	O
the	O
other	O
battleground	O
states	O
.	O


Brian	B-PERSON
tomorrow	B-DATE
morning	B-TIME
,	O
Bush	B-PERSON
flies	O
to	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
,	O
another	O
swing	O
state	O
with	O
2023	B-CARDINAL
electoral	O
votes	O
,	O
just	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
less	O
than	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


Pennsylvania	B-GPE
traditionally	O
,	O
a	O
Democratic	B-NORP
state	O
,	O
but	O
one	O
where	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
popular	O
Republican	B-NORP
governor	O
,	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Ridge	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
pressure	O
on	O
Ridge	B-PERSON
right	O
now	O
to	O
deliver	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
'll	O
end	O
up	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
in	O
Ohio	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
then	O
end	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
another	O
two	B-CARDINAL
crucial	O
states	O
,	O
Wisconsin	B-GPE
and	O
Michigan	B-GPE
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
that	O
.	O


New	O
information	O
to	O
report	O
tonight	B-TIME
involving	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
.	O


Were	O
warned	O
not	O
once	O
,	O
but	O
several	O
times	O
about	O
a	O
possible	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


With	O
the	O
latest	O
tonight	B-TIME
on	O
the	O
investigation	O
,	O
here	O
's	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Pentagon	B-ORG
correspondent	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
.	O


With	O
the	O
damaged	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
as	O
a	O
grim	O
backdrop	O
to	O
the	O
ongoing	O
investigation	O
,	O
Yemen	B-GPE
authorities	O
detained	O
a	O
carpenter	O
who	O
they	O
say	O
actually	O
helped	O
the	O
terrorist	O
load	O
the	O
bomb	O
on	O
the	O
suicide	O
boat	O
at	O
this	O
safe	O
house	O
.	O


The	O
Yemen	B-GPE
President	O
also	O
claims	O
the	O
attackers	O
were	O
members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Egyptian	I-ORG
Islamic	I-ORG
Jihad	I-ORG
with	O
close	O
ties	O
to	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
.	O


While	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
potential	O
bombshell	O
.	O


During	O
a	O
congressional	O
hearing	O
's	O
revealed	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
super	O
secret	O
intelligence	O
service	O
issued	O
a	O
warning	O
about	O
a	O
potential	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
.	O


They	O
talked	O
about	O
one	B-CARDINAL
individual	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
group	O
which	O
we	O
know	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
that	O
was	O
deliberately	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
action	O
against	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
or	O
Israel	B-GPE
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
a	O
top	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
official	O
testifies	O
the	O
warning	O
was	O
actually	O
,	O
,	O
issued	O
only	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
before	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
was	O
bombed	O
.	O


That	O
report	O
,	O
as	O
I	O
understand	O
it	O
,	O
was	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
disseminated	O
some	B-TIME
12	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
before	O
the	O
explosion	O
.	O


A	O
second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
even	O
more	O
specific	O
warning	O
was	O
also	O
issued	O
a	B-TIME
few	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
after	O
the	O
attack	O
.	O


Pentagon	B-ORG
officials	O
still	O
insist	O
the	O
flfings	O
was	O
too	O
vague	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
bombing	O
but	O
there	O
were	O
apparently	O
earlier	O
warnings	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
separate	O
hearing	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
was	O
revealed	O
a	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
analyst	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
also	O
warned	O
of	O
impending	O
attacks	O
then	O
resigned	O
in	O
frustration	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
bombing	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
warns	O
that	O
two	B-CARDINAL
or	O
three	B-CARDINAL
more	O
attacks	O
could	O
come	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
tonight	B-TIME
says	O
the	O
analyst	O
reports	O
could	O
not	O
have	O
pinpointed	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
attack	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
growing	O
consensus	O
on	O
Capitol	B-LOC
Hill	I-LOC
that	O
officials	O
here	O
should	O
have	O
seen	O
this	O
disaster	O
coming	O
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


There	O
are	O
new	O
terrorisms	O
concerns	O
to	O
report	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Persian	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Those	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
highest	O
state	O
of	O
alert	O
after	O
U.S.	B-GPE
intelligence	O
has	O
picked	O
up	O
,	O
serious	O
,	O
incredible	O
threats	O
there	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
this	O
comes	O
as	O
the	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
is	O
being	O
carried	O
home	O
,	O
a	O
destroyer	O
carried	O
home	O
on	O
the	O
deck	O
of	O
a	O
larger	O
ship	O
after	O
a	O
hole	O
was	O
blown	O
in	O
its	O
side	O
.	O


Our	O
report	O
on	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
tonight	O
from	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Pentagon	B-ORG
correspondent	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
.	O


20	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
out	O
to	O
sea	O
,	O
the	O
crippled	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
is	O
loaded	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
heavy	O
lift	O
ship	O
,	O
Blue	B-PRODUCT
Marlin	I-PRODUCT
.	O


In	O
this	O
video	O
,	O
the	O
Marlin	B-PRODUCT
submerges	O
.	O


Tugs	O
push	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
into	O
position	O
over	O
the	O
deck	O
and	O
the	O
Marlin	B-PRODUCT
rises	O
to	O
lift	O
the	O
8,000	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
warship	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


The	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
will	O
take	O
the	O
long	O
way	O
home	O
,	O
around	O
the	O
southern	O
tip	O
of	O
Africa	B-LOC
,	O
avoiding	O
the	B-FAC
Suez	I-FAC
Canal	I-FAC
because	O
of	O
ongoing	O
terrorist	O
threats	O
.	O


The	O
entire	O
trip	O
will	O
take	O
35	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Yemen	B-GPE
authorities	O
are	O
still	O
not	O
fully	O
cooperating	O
with	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
and	O
U.S.	B-GPE
investigators	O
still	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
firm	O
evidence	O
to	O
directly	O
link	O
any	O
suspects	O
to	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


Now	O
to	O
the	O
terrorist	O
bombing	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
.	O


The	O
damage	O
,	O
much	O
worse	O
than	O
previously	O
believed	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
new	O
pictures	O
obtained	O
by	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


For	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
with	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
out	O
of	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
the	O
full	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
catastrophic	O
blast	O
,	O
clearly	O
visible	O
.	O


In	O
these	O
photos	O
obtained	O
by	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
damage	O
much	O
larger	O
than	O
first	B-ORDINAL
imagined	O
,	O
extending	O
well	O
below	O
the	O
water	O
line	O
.	O


Workers	O
on	O
deck	O
,	O
large	O
sections	O
of	O
the	O
hull	O
buckled	O
inward	O
.	O


A	O
crewman	O
Sean	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
back	O
home	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
said	O
inside	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
it	O
was	O
chaos	O
,	O
it	O
got	O
dark	O
,	O
we	O
lost	O
power	O
,	O
the	O
ship	O
started	O
to	O
list	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
scared	O
everybody	O
.	O


Navy	O
officials	O
predict	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
can	O
be	O
repaired	O
for	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
and	O
put	O
back	O
into	O
service	O
,	O
but	O
Justice	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
officials	O
say	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
's	O
investigation	O
is	O
dead	O
in	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


Senior	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
tell	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
the	O
Yemen	B-GPE
government	O
has	O
all	O
but	O
shut	O
down	O
all	O
cooperation	O
in	O
finding	O
those	O
behind	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
attack	O
.	O


Evidence	O
is	O
either	O
withheld	O
or	O
tampered	O
with	O
.	O


A	O
surveillance	O
video	O
at	O
the	O
harbor	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
attack	O
was	O
so	O
heavily	O
edited	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
even	O
show	O
the	O
blast	O
itself	O
.	O


Why	O
?	O


Yemen	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
terrorist	O
hot	O
bed	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
say	O
some	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
own	O
cabinet	O
have	O
direct	O
ties	O
to	O
radical	O
Islamic	O
extremists	O
and	O
terrorists	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
see	O
exactly	O
why	O
it	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
there	O
would	O
ever	O
want	O
to	O
cooperate	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
possibly	O
put	O
himself	O
in	O
jeopardy	O
.	O


Even	O
though	O
cooperation	O
from	O
Yemen	B-GPE
is	O
at	O
a	O
stand	O
still	O
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
tell	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
they	O
're	O
making	O
substantial	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
investigation	O
and	O
are	O
fully	O
confident	O
they	O
'll	O
eventually	O
gather	O
enough	O
evidence	O
to	O
retaliate	O
against	O
those	O
responble	O
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


Miklaszewski	B-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


It	O
either	O
says	O
a	O
lot	O
about	O
the	O
''	O
getting	O
elected	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
or	O
both	O
,	O
but	O
Jay	B-PERSON
Leno	I-PERSON
has	O
become	O
a	O
campaign	O
stop	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
.	O


Our	O
report	O
on	O
the	O
new	O
trend	O
from	O
David	B-PERSON
Gregory	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
's	O
eight	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
election	O
,	O
and	O
guess	O
where	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
is	O
?	O


Hi	O
.	O


How	O
many	O
in	O
your	O
party	O
?	O


We	O
like	O
our	O
champagne	O
on	O
ice	O
,	O
please	O
.	O


Sorry	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
name	O
you	O
Vice	O
President	O
.	O


Something	O
about	O
the	O
background	O
check	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
of	O
trouble	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
dead	O
heat	O
with	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
,	O
tonight	B-TIME
Bush	B-PERSON
puts	O
issues	O
aside	O
instead	O
playing	O
for	O
laughs	O
with	O
the	O
late	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
comedy	O
.	O


3	O
,	O
2	O
--	O


Hey	O
,	O
hi	O
,	O
Governor	O
Bush	B-PERSON
.	O


Jay	B-PERSON
,	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
light	O
that	O
in	O
here	O
.	O


The	O
stuff	O
in	O
the	O
closet	O
is	O
highly	O
flamabable	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
word	O
you	O
're	O
looking	O
for	O
is	O
flammable	O
.	O


Flamabable	O
.	O


Flammable	O
.	O


Jay	O
,	O
look	O
at	O
that	O
sign	O
.	O


The	O
campaign	O
has	O
hit	O
the	O
late	O
show	O
.	O


Both	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
realize	O
there	O
's	O
votes	O
to	O
be	O
had	O
joking	O
after	O
dark	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
're	O
elected	O
President	O
,	O
how	O
do	O
you	O
prepare	O
yourself	O
for	O
the	O
next	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
Jay	B-PERSON
's	O
monologue	O
.	O


Sorry	O
staff	O
working	O
on	O
the	O
Jay	B-PERSON
chip	O
.	O


Really	O
?	O


In	O
this	O
case	O
Jay	B-PERSON
stands	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Any	O
political	O
offensive	O
humor	O
is	O
automatically	O
--	O


Oh	O
,	O
just	O
wiped	O
out	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
kidding	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
grin	O
.	O


Why	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
so	O
important	O
to	O
do	O
these	O
shows	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
shows	O
a	O
different	O
side	O
--	O
at	O
least	O
it	O
does	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


It	O
gives	O
people	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
show	O
I	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
laugh	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
laugh	O
with	O
people	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
laugh	O
at	O
myself	O
,	O
which	O
sometimes	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
campaign	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
an	O
important	O
way	O
to	O
communicate	O
in	O
a	O
slightly	O
different	O
manner	O
to	O
people	O
that	O
are	O
really	O
tuned	O
in	O
every	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
odd	O
thing	O
about	O
him	O
is	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
dressing	O
room	O
,	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
looser	O
or	O
funnier	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
under	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
pressure	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
tying	O
race	O
.	O


Here	O
you	O
're	O
doing	O
schtick	O
on	O
Jay	B-PERSON
Leno	I-PERSON
.	O


I	O
know	O
it	O
.	O


Actually	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
enjoying	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
like	O
the	O
man	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
unique	O
person	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
important	O
to	O
have	O
people	O
who	O
help	O
Americans	B-NORP
laugh	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
a	O
Leno	B-PERSON
show	O
is	O
suitable	O
to	O
my	O
personality	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
take	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
humor	O
.	O


People	O
say	O
Oh	O
,	O
not	O
a	O
bad	O
sport	O
.	O


Because	O
ultimately	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
values	O
intellectuals	O
.	O


We	O
like	O
personalities	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
have	O
a	O
good	O
personality	O
,	O
that	O
seems	O
good	O
enough	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
scary	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
more	O
scary	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
be	O
right	O
back	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
a	O
hard	O
-	O
hitting	O
question	O
from	O
Karen	B-PERSON
.	O


Do	O
you	O
keep	O
your	O
figure	O
during	O
the	O
campaign	O
?	O


Thank	O
you	O
,	O
Karen	B-PERSON
.	O


I	O
run	O
actually	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
run	O
.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
do	O
a	O
mile	O
in	O
?	O


About	O
7	B-TIME
1	I-TIME
/	I-TIME
2	I-TIME
minute	I-TIME
miles	O
.	O


Have	O
you	O
challenged	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
to	O
a	O
foot	O
race	O
?	O


I	O
would	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
put	O
it	O
all	O
on	O
a	O
foot	O
race	O
.	O


Really	O
?	O


Oh	O
.	O


Can	O
you	O
come	O
back	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
?	O


Wow	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
late	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
TV	O
,	O
the	O
candidates	O
may	O
be	O
eager	O
to	O
show	O
humor	O
over	O
substance	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
win	O
,	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
meal	O
you	O
will	O
order	O
as	O
President	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
meal	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
as	O
close	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
saying	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
breakfast	O
,	O
but	O
if	O
the	O
returns	O
come	O
in	O
early	B-TIME
election	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
probably	O
a	O
Happy	B-PRODUCT
Meal	I-PRODUCT
from	O
McDonald	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
.	O


Yeah	O
?	O


But	O
critics	O
question	O
whether	O
voters	O
get	O
cheated	O
because	O
the	O
politicians	O
would	O
rather	O
face	O
comics	O
than	O
tough	O
questions	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
candidates	O
,	O
the	O
voters	O
are	O
getting	O
screwed	O
!	O


They	O
're	O
getting	O
cheated	O
?	O


They	O
got	O
screwed	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


What	O
are	O
you	O
talking	O
about	O
?	O


Folks	O
getting	O
cheated	O
.	O


They	O
've	O
already	O
been	O
cheated	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
know	O
it	O
yet	O
.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
worry	O
more	O
,	O
losing	O
the	O
election	O
or	O
having	O
a	O
joke	O
fall	O
flat	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
I	O
'll	O
let	O
you	O
know	O
after	O
the	O
show	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
asking	O
you	O
to	O
vote	O
as	O
a	O
citizen	O
but	O
as	O
Jay	B-PERSON
Leno	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
are	O
you	O
dying	O
to	O
have	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
?	O


I	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
get	O
an	O
amendment	O
and	O
get	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
back	O
.	O


Fat	O
girls	O
under	O
the	O
desk	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
that	O
again	O
in	O
our	O
lifetime	O
.	O


In	O
our	O
lifetime	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
all	O
downhill	O
from	O
here	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
Happy	I-WORK_OF_ART
Days	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
after	O
the	O
Fonz	B-PERSON
left	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
Potsy	B-PERSON
and	O
rat	O
of	O
mouth	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
losing	O
the	O
Fonz	B-PERSON
.	O


S	O
did	O
indeed	O
buy	O
herself	O
a	O
Yankees	B-ORG
cap	O
and	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
house	O
and	O
the	O
next	O
senator	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
will	O
be	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
.	O


Kelly	B-PERSON
standing	O
by	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
where	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
joyous	O
affair	O
.	O


As	O
you	O
announced	O
that	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
is	O
calling	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Rodham	I-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
as	O
the	O
next	O
senator	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
crowd	O
behind	O
me	O
burst	O
into	O
cheers	O
,	O
the	O
band	O
started	O
playing	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
party	O
here	O
has	O
begun	O
.	O


To	O
tell	O
you	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
story	O
behind	O
the	O
numbers	O
that	O
will	O
send	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Rodham	I-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
to	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
,	O
let	O
me	O
tell	O
you	O
what	O
some	O
of	O
our	O
exit	O
polling	O
data	O
seems	O
to	O
suggest	O
.	O


As	O
far	O
as	O
a	O
gender	O
gap	O
,	O
voters	O
who	O
said	O
they	O
voted	O
for	O
Mrs.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
,	O
58	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
them	O
women	O
,	O
47	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
men	O
.	O


Now	O
on	O
the	O
big	O
issue	O
the	O
people	O
thought	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
this	O
race	O
,	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
Mrs.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
was	O
accused	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
carpet	O
bagger	O
,	O
a	O
woman	O
born	O
in	O
Illinois	B-GPE
,	O
made	O
much	O
of	O
her	O
professional	O
life	O
in	O
Arkansas	B-GPE
and	O
of	O
course	O
has	O
been	O
living	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
until	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
voters	O
said	O
52	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
them	O
,	O
that	O
that	O
issue	O
did	O
not	O
matter	O
to	O
them	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


Also	O
an	O
important	O
constituency	O
for	O
Mrs.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Jewish	B-NORP
vote	O
.	O


It	O
appears	O
she	O
has	O
earned	O
58	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
Jewish	B-NORP
vote	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
tough	O
race	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
where	O
Rick	B-PERSON
Lazio	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
congressman	O
of	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
from	O
Long	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
was	O
accused	O
of	O
being	O
much	O
more	O
tough	O
as	O
a	O
campaigner	O
--	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
mud	O
was	O
slung	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
this	O
race	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
voters	O
were	O
questioned	O
about	O
that	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
--	O
68	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
that	O
Mr.	O
Lazio	B-PERSON
attacked	O
unfairly	O
,	O
and	O
57	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
said	O
Mrs.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
did	O
.	O


So	O
that	O
's	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
picture	O
that	O
makes	O
up	O
the	O
results	O
tonight	O
that	O
sent	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Rodham	I-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Brian	B-PERSON
?	O


All	O
right	O
,	O
Kelly	B-PERSON
O'Donnell	I-PERSON
,	O
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


And	O
about	O
just	O
how	O
this	O
vote	O
went	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
did	O
tonight	B-TIME
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
Forrest	B-PERSON
Sawyer	I-PERSON
standing	O
by	O
with	O
a	O
look	O
behind	O
the	O
numbers	O
,	O
really	O
.	O


Forrest	B-PERSON
?	O


A	O
few	O
more	O
of	O
those	O
numbers	O
Kelly	B-PERSON
was	O
talking	O
about	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
,	O
Brian	B-PERSON
.	O


As	O
she	O
mentioned	O
,	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
did	O
split	O
their	O
vote	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
look	O
at	O
Jewish	B-NORP
voters	O
.	O


New	B-NORP
Yorkers	I-NORP
know	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
huge	O
battle	O
over	O
support	O
for	O
Israel	B-GPE
and	O
whether	O
the	O
support	O
for	O
Palestine	B-GPE
was	O
strong	O
enough	O
.	O


As	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
this	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
Jewish	B-NORP
voters	O
went	O
by	O
a	O
big	O
margin	O
for	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
.	O


58	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
Rick	B-PERSON
Lazio	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
41	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


New	B-NORP
Yorkers	I-NORP
remember	O
the	O
campaign	O
debate	O
where	O
Rick	B-PERSON
Lazio	I-PERSON
walked	O
over	O
to	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
and	O
said	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
sign	O
this	O
pledge	O
about	O
campaign	O
moneys	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
sign	O
it	O
.	O


That	O
.	O


Was	O
she	O
attacked	O
unfairly	O
,	O
68	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
did	O
say	O
yes	O
.	O


57	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
went	O
for	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
as	O
for	O
Lazio	B-PERSON
's	O
voters	O
,	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
said	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
campaign	O
about	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
.	O


Rick	B-PERSON
Lazio	I-PERSON
is	O
this	O
other	O
guy	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
they	O
asked	O
of	O
his	O
voters	O
,	O
how	O
many	O
voted	O
against	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
--	O


50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
said	O
we	O
're	O
voting	O
against	O
her	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
voting	O
for	O
Rick	B-PERSON
Lazio	I-PERSON
,	O
we	O
're	O
voting	O
against	O
Senate	B-ORG
Hillary	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
that	O
shows	O
you	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
as	O
Chris	B-PERSON
pointed	O
out	O
,	O
she	O
really	O
is	O
a	O
tremendous	O
lightning	O
rod	O
.	O


This	O
campaign	O
was	O
about	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
,	O
do	O
you	O
like	O
her	O
or	O
do	O
you	O
not	O
.	O


Scombrort	O
of	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
voters	O
were	O
voting	O
for	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
,	O
not	O
against	O
Rick	B-PERSON
Lazio	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
which	O
one	O
attacked	O
the	O
other	O
more	O
unfairly	O
,	O
the	O
voters	O
said	O
that	O
Lazio	B-PERSON
attacked	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
more	O
unfairly	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
possibly	O
played	O
into	O
the	O
gap	O
in	O
the	O
Jewish	B-NORP
vote	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
heavily	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
scene	O
that	O
you	O
mentioned	O
,	O
the	O
debate	O
,	O
where	O
Lazio	B-PERSON
invaded	O
her	O
space	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
say	O
,	O
he	O
hit	O
very	O
hard	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
on	O
issues	O
involved	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
Republican	B-NORP
campaign	O
,	O
not	O
directly	O
through	O
Lazio	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
others	O
was	O
actually	O
associating	O
in	O
certain	O
ways	O
Mrs.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
sympathies	O
with	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
sides	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
with	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	O
battle	O
ship	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
.	O


It	O
got	O
out	O
of	O
hand	O
and	O
so	O
this	O
vote	O
could	O
well	O
be	O
as	O
much	O
a	O
rejection	O
of	O
the	O
Lazio	B-PERSON
campaign	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
very	O
positive	O
setting	O
about	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
's	O
numbers	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
remember	O
after	O
Rick	B-PERSON
Lazio	I-PERSON
had	O
pressed	O
her	O
right	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
debate	O
crowd	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
What	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
of	O
this	O
and	O
women	O
said	O
It	O
reminds	O
me	O
of	O
my	O
husband	O
or	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
my	O
ex-husband	O
and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
it	O
and	O
we	O
see	O
that	O
women	O
and	O
particularly	O
working	O
women	O
went	O
by	O
a	O
large	O
measure	O
for	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Lawrence	B-PERSON
,	O
there	O
is	O
this	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Opinions	O
about	O
her	O
husband	O
appear	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
important	O
in	O
voters	O
'	O
decisions	O
.	O


2	B-CARDINAL
/	I-CARDINAL
3	I-CARDINAL
approve	O
of	O
the	O
job	O
that	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
is	O
doing	O
as	O
President	O
.	O


Hillary	B-PERSON
won	O
that	O
group	O
76	B-CARDINAL
to	O
23	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Among	O
those	O
who	O
disapprove	O
of	O
her	O
husband	O
,	O
Lazio	B-PERSON
won	O
91	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
certainly	O
a	O
different	O
kind	O
of	O
race	O
from	O
the	O
Moynihan	B-PERSON
races	O
we	O
've	O
grown	O
accustomed	O
to	O
where	O
the	O
question	O
was	O
would	O
he	O
get	O
68	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
vote	O
or	O
69	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
vote	O
.	O


Like	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
has	O
come	O
out	O
on	O
top	O
by	O
a	O
very	O
wide	O
margin	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
joined	O
by	O
the	O
Reverend	O
Jesse	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
.	O


Reverend	O
Jackson	B-PERSON
,	O
we	O
heard	O
a	O
report	O
earlier	O
this	O
evening	O
that	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
had	O
dispatched	O
you	O
,	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
invited	O
you	O
to	O
help	O
in	O
the	O
Get	B-EVENT
Out	I-EVENT
the	I-EVENT
Vote	I-EVENT
effort	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Is	O
that	O
true	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
not	O
just	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
gone	O
about	O
50	B-CARDINAL
stops	O
around	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


We	O
did	O
massive	O
voter	O
registration	O
,	O
then	O
Get	B-EVENT
Out	I-EVENT
the	I-EVENT
Vote	I-EVENT
efforts	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
were	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
NAACP	B-ORG
and	O
others	O
,	O
worked	O
on	O
the	O
Get	B-EVENT
your	I-EVENT
Souls	I-EVENT
to	I-EVENT
the	I-EVENT
Polls	I-EVENT
on	O
the	O
one	O
hand	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
Stay	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
Bushes	O
and	O
it	O
worked	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
know	O
anything	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
,	O
because	O
so	O
far	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
tight	O
race	O
here	O
?	O


A	O
tight	O
race	O
but	O
fact	O
of	O
the	O
matter	O
is	O
that	O
Jeb	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
anti-affirmative	O
action	O
action	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
solidified	O
women	O
and	O
people	O
of	O
color	O
and	O
basically	O
we	O
won	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
Jeb	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
.	O


Our	O
vote	O
in	O
Michigan	B-GPE
,	O
we	O
have	O
done	O
about	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
solid	O
work	O
across	O
Michigan	B-GPE
.	O


Workers	O
fighting	O
for	O
right	O
to	O
organize	O
and	O
women	O
fighting	O
for	O
--	O
and	O
blacks	O
together	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
when	O
Bush	B-PERSON
made	O
it	O
clear	O
that	O
he	O
wants	O
a	O
strict	O
constructionist	O
court	O
led	O
by	O
Scalia	B-PERSON
,	O
attacked	O
affirmative	O
action	O
,	O
attack	O
of	O
women	O
's	O
rights	O
,	O
point	O
this	O
strong	O
ideological	O
line	O
is	O
shown	O
in	O
these	O
vote	O
totals	O
tonight	B-TIME
so	O
far	O
.	O


Reverend	O
Jackson	B-PERSON
,	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
said	O
,	O
however	O
late	O
we	O
're	O
at	O
this	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
and	O
whoever	O
wins	O
it	O
,	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
so	O
thin	O
,	O
so	O
narrow	O
,	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
victory	O
without	O
mandate	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
what	O
it	O
means	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
must	O
then	O
deal	O
with	O
some	O
consensus	O
issues	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
should	O
there	O
not	O
be	O
a	O
consensus	O
that	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
should	O
be	O
kept	O
secure	O
and	O
not	O
risked	O
in	O
the	O
marketplace	O
?	O


Should	O
we	O
not	O
make	O
a	O
commitment	O
to	O
educate	O
all	O
of	O
our	O
children	O
,	O
not	O
just	O
vouchers	O
for	O
a	O
few	O
of	O
them	O
?	O


Maybe	O
something	O
as	O
basic	O
as	O
comprehensive	O
health	O
insurance	O
.	O


42	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Americans	B-NORP
have	O
no	O
health	O
insurance	O
.	O


many	O
Americans	B-NORP
die	O
every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
from	O
cancer	O
.	O


Amounts	O
to	O
a	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


Reverend	O
Jackson	B-PERSON
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
tonight	B-TIME
the	O
thanks	O
very	O
much	O
as	O
always	O
for	O
coming	O
on	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


And	O
good	O
evening	B-TIME
to	O
you	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
still	O
no	O
clear	O
winner	O
in	O
the	O
election	O
that	O
was	O
now	O
two	B-DATE
nights	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
recount	O
under	O
way	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
it	O
may	O
not	O
end	O
there	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
the	O
recount	O
as	O
of	O
this	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
candidates	O
separated	O
by	O
only	B-CARDINAL
225	I-CARDINAL
votes	O
,	O
with	O
65	B-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
67	B-CARDINAL
counties	O
reporting	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
narrowed	O
dramatically	O
all	B-TIME
day	I-TIME
long	I-TIME
.	O


Today	B-DATE
the	O
Gore	B-PERSON
campaign	O
seemed	O
to	O
say	O
the	O
case	O
belongs	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
state	O
courts	O
.	O


The	O
Bush	B-PERSON
campaign	O
chided	O
right	O
back	O
that	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
wants	O
to	O
keep	O
voting	O
until	O
they	O
like	O
the	O
and	O
increasingly	O
across	O
the	O
nation	O
you	O
can	O
hear	O
it	O
and	O
feel	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
split	O
now	O
palpable	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
and	O
among	O
partisan	O
,	O
anger	O
.	O


Americans	B-NORP
remain	O
glued	O
to	O
their	O
television	O
sets	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
answer	O
is	O
coming	O
out	O
and	O
even	O
Cuba	B-GPE
remarked	O
tonight	B-TIME
in	O
an	O
official	O
statement	O
that	O
it	O
sure	O
is	O
taking	O
America	B-GPE
a	O
long	O
time	O
to	O
pick	O
a	O
.	O


Odd	O
pairings	O
tonight	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
when	O
all	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
living	O
presidents	O
except	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
were	O
together	O
at	O
the	O
White	O
House	O
celebrating	O
the	O
200th	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
grand	O
house	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
dad	O
alongside	O
the	O
President	O
tonight	B-TIME
for	O
a	O
photo	O
op	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
correspondents	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
to	O
the	O
Florida	B-GPE
capital	O
and	O
legal	O
correspondent	O
Dan	B-PERSON
Abrams	I-PERSON
in	O
Tallahassee	B-GPE
.	O


Brian	B-PERSON
,	O
this	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
when	O
we	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
final	O
decision	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
recount	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


Not	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


The	O
official	O
results	O
showing	O
only	O
53	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
67	B-CARDINAL
counties	O
have	O
issued	O
their	O
recount	O
results	O
and	O
provided	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
state	O
government	O
here	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
as	O
you	O
reported	O
just	B-TIME
a	I-TIME
moment	I-TIME
ago	I-TIME
,	O
the	B-ORG
Associated	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
reporting	O
that	O
65	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
67	B-CARDINAL
counties	O
have	O
reported	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
is	O
the	O
numbers	O
are	O
so	O
very	O
different	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
one	O
hand	O
you	O
have	O
the	B-ORG
Associated	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
saying	O
225	B-CARDINAL
-	O
vote	O
difference	O
after	O
65	B-CARDINAL
counties	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
the	O
officials	O
here	O
saying	O
after	O
53	B-CARDINAL
counties	O
,	O
exactly	O
the	O
same	O
number	O
difference	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
when	O
the	O
recount	O
began	O
,	O
1,784	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
you	O
watch	O
the	O
way	O
these	O
numbers	O
have	O
been	O
coming	O
in	O
,	O
the	O
Associated	B-ORG
Press	I-ORG
numbers	O
have	O
constantly	O
made	O
it	O
closer	O
and	O
closer	O
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
gaining	O
ground	O
on	O
Bush	B-PERSON
with	O
almost	O
every	O
county	O
's	O
result	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
the	O
official	O
numbers	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
coming	O
in	O
keep	O
seesawing	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
gets	O
a	O
few	O
more	O
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
gets	O
a	O
few	O
more	O
and	O
we	O
're	O
back	O
to	O
even	O
again	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
state	O
officials	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
we	O
get	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
remaining	O
counties	O
will	O
that	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
number	O
going	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
number	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
ca	O
n't	O
believe	O
these	O
numbers	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
end	O
up	O
matching	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
.	O


MSNBC	B-ORG


Because	O
as	O
A.P.	B-ORG
has	O
continued	O
with	O
its	O
numbers	O
the	O
progression	O
has	O
been	O
consistent	O
.	O


Every	O
time	O
they	O
gave	O
you	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
counties	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
evaluated	O
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
was	O
getting	O
closer	O
and	O
closer	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
with	O
every	O
group	O
of	O
counties	O
reporting	O
officially	O
it	O
remained	O
about	O
even	O
.	O


So	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
Brian	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
official	O
numbers	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
numbers	O
that	O
apply	O
but	O
we	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
wait	O
and	O
see	O
when	O
all	O
67	B-CARDINAL
are	O
counted	O
by	O
both	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
that	O
.	O


And	O
there	O
are	O
still	O
several	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
absentee	O
votes	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
ask	O
the	O
Gore	B-PERSON
campaign	O
,	O
the	O
fight	O
is	O
far	O
from	O
over	O
.	O


Their	O
position	O
was	O
to	O
stand	O
and	O
fight	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Our	O
report	O
tonight	B-TIME
from	O
Claire	B-PERSON
Shipman	I-PERSON
.	O


A	O
confident	O
and	O
seemingly	O
relaxed	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
out	O
for	O
a	O
run	O
in	O
Nashville	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Vice	O
President	O
,	O
did	O
you	O
win	O
the	O
election	O
,	O
sir	O
?	O


We	O
're	O
having	O
here	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
effectively	O
starting	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
campaign	O
for	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
,	O
this	O
one	O
in	O
the	O
court	O
of	O
public	O
opinion	O
.	O


His	O
campaign	O
chairman	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
with	O
a	O
tough	O
message	O
.	O


What	O
we	O
have	O
learned	O
has	O
left	O
us	O
deeply	O
troubled	O
.	O


Calling	O
for	O
a	O
hand	O
recount	O
in	O
some	O
Florida	B-GPE
counties	O
and	O
announcing	O
,	O
campaign	O
will	O
support	O
lawsuits	O
over	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
ballot	O
irregularities	O
in	O
Palm	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
.	O


If	O
the	O
will	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
is	O
to	O
prevail	O
,	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
should	O
be	O
our	O
next	O
President	O
the	O
.	O


Former	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Warren	B-PERSON
Christopher	I-PERSON
also	O
pushes	O
the	O
issue	O
hard	O
.	O


Arising	O
out	O
of	O
this	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
redress	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
the	O
will	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
can	O
be	O
properly	O
honored	O
in	O
this	O
situation	O
.	O


And	O
Daley	B-PERSON
,	O
turning	O
up	O
the	O
rhetoric	O
substantially	O
,	O
criticizes	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
campaign	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
actions	O
,	O
to	O
try	O
and	O
put	O
in	O
place	O
a	O
transition	O
,	O
run	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
dividing	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
and	O
creating	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
confusion	O
.	O


Gore	B-PERSON
officials	O
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
under	O
siege	O
by	O
reporters	O
in	O
Nashville	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
need	O
our	O
seat	O
belts	O
on	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
Gore	B-PERSON
is	O
not	O
simply	O
trying	O
to	O
drag	O
out	O
the	O
inevitable	O
,	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
have	O
a	O
shot	O
at	O
winning	O
with	O
a	O
careful	O
shot	O
of	O
legal	O
and	O
public	O
relations	O
tactics	O
.	O


We	O
realize	O
that	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
joining	O
us	O
here	O
tonight	B-TIME
for	O
this	O
broadcast	O
are	O
doing	O
so	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
get	O
more	O
information	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
uncertain	O
times	O
.	O


The	O
nation	O
has	O
yet	O
to	O
elect	O
a	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
something	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Barnicle	I-PERSON
said	O
earlier	O
on	O
our	O
air	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
caught	O
our	O
eyes	O
and	O
ears	O
and	O
we	O
'd	O
like	O
Mike	B-PERSON
to	O
come	O
back	O
here	O
live	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
talking	O
about	O
this	O
country	O
,	O
how	O
it	O
felt	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
today	B-DATE
.	O


Yeah	O
,	O
Brian	B-PERSON
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
I	O
think	O
increasing	O
despondency	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
as	O
we	O
continue	O
on	O
this	O
.	O


Tuesday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
was	O
the	B-TIME
longest	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
and	O
it	O
's	O
turning	O
into	O
perhaps	O
the	B-DATE
longest	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


People	O
are	O
depressed	O
enough	O
about	O
politics	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
probably	O
reason	O
why	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
candidates	O
split	O
this	O
vote	O
so	O
evenly	O
down	O
the	O
middle	O
.	O


Neither	O
one	O
managed	O
to	O
ignite	O
the	O
hopes	O
and	O
dreams	O
of	O
Americans	B-NORP
.	O


In	O
``	B-ORG
U.S.A.	I-ORG
Today	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
there	O
is	O
a	O
map	O
'am	O
of	O
the	O
vote	O
on	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
red	O
for	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
blue	O
for	O
Gore	B-PERSON
.	O


County	O
by	O
county	O
assessment	O
of	O
how	O
the	O
vote	O
went	O
on	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
and	O
it	O
's	O
sort	O
of	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
nation	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
mart	I-ORG
versus	O
Martha	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
.	O


People	O
who	O
believe	O
in	O
school	O
player	O
,	O
gay	O
marriage	O
,	O
people	O
who	O
drive	O
Ford	B-ORG
Explorers	B-PRODUCT
and	O
who	O
drive	O
Volvo	B-ORG
station	O
wagons	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
these	O
splits	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
ands	O
with	O
as	O
we	O
increasingly	O
head	O
toward	O
litigation	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
who	O
the	O
next	O
President	O
of	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
,	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
people	O
are	O
becoming	O
more	O
depressed	O
about	O
the	O
process	O
.	O


It	O
gives	O
them	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
felt	O
for	O
too	O
long	O
now	O
,	O
that	O
politics	O
is	O
just	O
name	O
-	O
callers	O
,	O
increased	O
partisanship	O
,	O
special	O
prosecutors	O
,	O
reliance	O
on	O
lawyers	O
and	O
things	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
affect	O
the	O
ordinary	O
person	O
,	O
that	O
all	O
that	O
has	O
now	O
mushroomed	O
into	O
something	O
called	O
the	O
Presidency	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
how	O
we	O
elect	O
a	O
President	O
.	O


The	O
fact	O
that	O
as	O
we	O
continue	O
on	O
this	O
road	O
and	O
continue	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
judges	O
have	O
really	O
already	O
spoken	O
on	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
ultimate	O
judges	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


Their	O
decision	O
is	O
now	O
being	O
reviewed	O
.	O


Accurately	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
more	O
people	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
saying	O
to	O
me	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
want	O
an	O
accurate	O
recount	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
a	O
legitimate	O
recount	O
,	O
an	O
announcement	O
of	O
it	O
,	O
they	O
want	O
a	O
winner	O
declared	O
and	O
they	O
want	O
a	O
transition	O
to	O
begin	O
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
they	O
on	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
.	O


They	O
want	O
a	O
winner	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Barnicle	I-PERSON
,	O
``	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O
''	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
coming	O
on	O
tonight	B-TIME
and	O
repeating	O
that	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
continue	O
tonight	B-TIME
to	O
try	O
to	O
measure	O
just	O
how	O
this	O
story	O
is	O
playing	O
overseas	O
as	O
we	O
'll	O
be	O
doing	O
each	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
all	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
,	O
the	O
anchor	O
of	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
network	O
evening	O
newscast	O
on	O
Channel	B-ORG
2	I-ORG
Jerusalem	I-ORG
Jacob	B-PERSON
Elon	I-PERSON
on	O
what	O
Israelis	B-NORP
are	O
thinking	O
and	O
saying	O
about	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
long	O
wait	O
for	O
a	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
.	O


Frankly	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
shocked	O
here	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
political	O
system	O
,	O
always	O
tied	O
and	O
always	O
tied	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
election	B-TIME
nights	I-TIME
here	O
too	O
close	O
to	O
call	O
more	O
often	O
than	O
not	O
,	O
but	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
experiencing	O
over	O
there	O
is	O
really	O
inconceivable	O
to	O
Israelis	B-NORP
.	O


They	O
spend	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
air	O
time	O
here	O
trying	O
to	O
convey	O
the	O
electoral	O
system	O
to	O
my	O
viewers	O
here	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
election	O
action	O
I	O
got	O
was	O
basically	O
Hey	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
undemocratic	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
greatest	O
democracy	O
we	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
system	O
is	O
undemocratic	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
turnout	O
as	O
well	O
I	O
felt	O
's	O
over	B-PERCENT
90	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
here	O
usually	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
hard	O
for	O
Israeli	B-NORP
citizens	O
to	O
grasp	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Since	O
we	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
Israeli	B-NORP
reel	O
and	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
the	O
major	O
headline	O
every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
it	O
certainly	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
story	O
.	O


On	O
the	B-DATE
election	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
we	O
had	O
hours	B-TIME
and	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
broadcast	O
here	O
live	O
,	O
same	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
States	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
following	O
this	O
story	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
here	O
as	O
usual	O
,	O
I	O
might	O
say	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
news	O
of	O
our	O
own	O
.	O


Actually	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
we	O
just	O
had	O
four	B-CARDINAL
Israelis	B-NORP
killed	O
in	O
three	B-CARDINAL
separate	O
terrorist	O
acts	O
.	O


The	O
peace	O
forces	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
uncertainty	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
say	O
even	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
things	O
here	O
are	O
getting	O
worse	O
day	O
by	O
day	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
is	O
usually	O
looking	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
President	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
for	O
some	O
help	O
.	O


Some	O
Israelis	B-NORP
at	O
least	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
are	O
still	O
hoping	O
that	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
might	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
intervene	O
and	O
help	O
in	O
the	O
short	O
time	O
he	O
has	O
left	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
more	O
things	O
are	O
complicated	O
and	O
uncertain	O
back	O
there	O
in	O
the	O
States	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
think	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
Israelis	B-NORP
are	O
worried	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
nobody	O
to	O
turn	O
to	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
what	O
happened	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
among	O
Israelis	B-NORP
here	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
perception	O
that	O
maybe	O
things	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
are	O
not	O
as	O
perfect	O
as	O
they	O
might	O
have	O
thought	O
.	O


Actually	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
far	O
from	O
being	O
perfect	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
sounding	O
and	O
looking	O
to	O
us	O
here	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
like	O
what	O
we	O
know	O
from	O
our	O
own	O
political	O
system	O
.	O


That	O
insight	O
tonight	B-TIME
from	O
Jacob	B-PERSON
Eilon	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
anchorman	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Channel	B-ORG
2	I-ORG
network	O
news	O
.	O


He	O
took	O
time	O
out	O
from	O
covering	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
Lea	B-PERSON
Rabin	I-PERSON
,	O
widow	O
of	O
Yitzhak	B-PERSON
Rabin	I-PERSON
.	O


She	O
died	O
yesterday	B-DATE
of	O
cancer	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
72	I-DATE
.	O


Finally	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
humor	O
as	O
perspective	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
that	O
,	O
we	O
depend	O
on	O
the	O
staff	O
and	O
crew	O
of	O
``	O
Saturday	B-WORK_OF_ART
Night	I-WORK_OF_ART
Live	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
who	O
this	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
took	O
on	O
the	O
deadlocked	O
election	O
.	O


Here	O
now	O
a	O
sampling	O
.	O


Good	O
evening	B-TIME
,	O
America	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Vice	O
President	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
the	O
Governor	O
of	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
.	O


As	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
this	O
election	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
closest	O
in	O
history	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
is	O
still	O
in	O
dispute	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
in	O
dispute	O
because	O
some	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
when	O
they	O
got	O
beat	O
.	O


Like	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
got	O
2,910,198	B-CARDINAL
votes	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
got	O
a	O
measley	O
2,909,827	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Eat	O
it	O
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
.	O


It	O
's	O
also	O
in	O
dispute	O
because	O
some	O
people	O
in	O
this	O
race	O
can	O
not	O
accept	O
losing	O
a	O
popularity	O
contest	O
.	O


Ay	O
if	O
you	O
'll	O
check	O
the	O
national	O
popular	O
vote	O
,	O
you	O
'll	O
see	O
that	O
I	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
have	O
been	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
ipso	O
facto	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
man	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
.	O


Heck	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
this	O
close	O
to	O
having	O
teenage	O
girls	O
throw	O
their	O
panties	O
at	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
listen	O
.	O


We	O
may	O
have	O
our	O
differences	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
dividers	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
unificators	O
.	O


Unificators	O
.	O


So	O
a	O
solution	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
that	O
's	O
both	O
fair	O
and	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
will	O
of	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
both	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
President	O
.	O


Heck	O
,	O
you	O
all	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
who	O
you	O
wanted	O
anyway	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
true	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
great	O
.	O


Hey	O
,	O
C.J.	O
,	O
roll	O
that	O
tape	O
.	O


On	O
November	B-DATE
7	I-DATE
,	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
and	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
ran	O
for	O
President	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
clear	O
winner	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
decided	O
to	O
govern	O
together	O
.	O


Could	O
they	O
share	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
without	O
driving	O
each	O
other	O
crazy	O
?	O


Man	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
cool	O
.	O


``	B-WORK_OF_ART
Saturday	I-WORK_OF_ART
Night	I-WORK_OF_ART
Live	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
continuing	O
to	O
set	O
the	O
agenda	O
for	O
campaign	O
coverage	O
.	O


Hold	O
that	O
thought	B-TIME
,	O
Dafpblet	O
here	O
's	O
the	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


Good	O
evening	O
.	O


On	O
Tuesday	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
,	O
I	O
requested	O
those	O
counties	O
contemplating	O
manual	O
vote	O
recounts	O
to	O
submit	O
a	O
written	O
statement	O
to	O
me	O
of	O
the	O
and	O
circumstances	O
justifying	O
any	O
belief	O
on	O
their	O
part	O
that	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
amend	O
their	O
certified	O
returns	O
previously	O
filed	O
by	O
them	O
in	O
accordance	O
of	O
law	O
.	O


All	O
three	B-CARDINAL
counties	O
--	O
Palm	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
,	O
Miami	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Dade	I-GPE
and	O
Broward	B-GPE
,	O
responded	O
by	O
the	B-TIME
2:00	I-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
deadline	O
today	B-DATE
and	O
I	O
thank	O
them	O
.	O


Copies	O
of	O
the	O
responses	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
distributed	O
.	O


Additionally	O
,	O
Colier	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
asked	O
about	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
an	O
amendment	O
to	O
their	O
return	O
,	O
unrelated	O
to	O
the	O
manual	O
recount	O
issue	O
.	O


A	O
copy	O
of	O
that	O
letter	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
distributed	O
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
've	O
devoted	O
a	O
substantial	O
amount	O
of	O
my	O
time	O
to	O
issues	O
surrounding	O
the	O
manual	O
vote	O
recount	O
.	O


After	O
Judge	O
Lewis	B-PERSON
'	O
decision	O
yesterday	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
my	O
staff	O
and	O
I	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
counsel	O
,	O
developed	O
criteria	O
appropriate	O
to	O
the	O
exercise	O
of	O
my	O
discretion	O
under	O
Florida	B-GPE
law	O
.	O


This	O
criteria	O
is	O
clearly	O
set	O
forth	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
case	O
law	O
.	O


For	O
the	B-TIME
past	I-TIME
six	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
I	O
've	O
applied	O
these	O
criteria	O
in	O
deliberating	O
upon	O
the	O
specific	O
requests	O
of	O
the	O
counties	O
,	O
contemplating	O
manual	O
vote	O
recounts	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
these	O
deliberations	O
,	O
I	O
've	O
decided	O
it	O
is	O
my	O
duty	O
under	O
Florida	B-GPE
law	O
to	O
exercise	O
my	O
discretion	O
in	O
denying	O
these	O
requested	O
amendments	O
.	O


The	O
reasons	O
given	O
in	O
their	O
requests	O
are	O
insufficient	O
to	O
warrant	O
waiver	O
of	O
the	O
unambiguous	O
filing	O
deadline	O
imposed	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Florida	I-ORG
Legislature	I-ORG
.	O


I	O
have	O
communicated	O
this	O
decision	O
with	O
these	O
counties	O
in	O
letters	O
detailing	O
the	O
criteria	O
I	O
used	O
in	O
making	O
my	O
judgments	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
these	O
criteria	O
to	O
the	O
stated	O
circumstances	O
,	O
and	O
copies	O
of	O
these	O
letters	O
are	O
also	O
available	O
.	O


Because	O
it	O
is	O
my	O
determination	O
that	O
no	O
amendments	O
to	O
the	O
official	O
returns	O
,	O
now	O
on	O
file	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
State	I-ORG
,	O
are	O
warranted	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Elections	I-ORG
Canvasing	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
acting	O
in	O
its	O
normal	O
and	O
usual	O
manner	O
has	O
certified	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
's	O
election	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
including	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
.	O


Copies	O
of	O
that	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
certification	O
relating	O
to	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
and	O
the	O
signature	O
pages	O
of	O
the	O
certification	O
are	O
also	O
available	O
.	O


As	O
I	O
previously	O
indicated	O
,	O
I	O
expect	O
that	O
after	O
the	O
receipt	O
,	O
tabulation	O
,	O
and	O
certification	O
of	O
the	O
overseas	O
ballots	O
by	O
the	O
counties	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Elections	I-ORG
Canvasing	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
will	O
finally	O
certify	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
on	O
Saturday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
schedule	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
is	O
subject	O
to	O
judicial	O
intervention	O
.	O


In	O
that	O
context	O
,	O
I	O
once	O
again	O
will	O
be	O
unable	O
personally	O
to	O
answer	O
questions	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
with	O
me	O
our	O
general	O
counsel	O
,	O
Debbie	B-PERSON
Kerny	I-PERSON
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
our	O
outside	O
counsel	O
,	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Clock	I-PERSON
and	O
Deborah	B-PERSON
Blanton	I-PERSON
and	O
asked	O
them	O
to	O
remain	O
behind	O
and	O
answer	O
appropriate	O
questions	O
from	O
you	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
final	O
comment	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
reassure	O
the	O
public	O
that	O
my	O
decision	O
in	O
this	O
process	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
carefully	O
,	O
consistently	O
,	O
independently	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
believe	O
correctly	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
very	O
grateful	O
for	O
your	O
patience	O
and	O
your	O
understanding	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
God	B-PERSON
bless	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Clock	B-PERSON
?	O


Thank	O
you	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
check	O
in	O
with	O
the	O
court	O
where	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
law	O
enforcement	O
watch	O
.	O


Dan	B-PERSON
Abrams	I-PERSON
outside	O
the	O
building	O
.	O


Dan	B-PERSON
,	O
if	O
you	O
had	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
case	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
what	O
are	O
the	O
signs	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
most	O
important	O
sign	O
is	O
looking	O
at	O
what	O
happened	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
at	I-TIME
about	I-TIME
7:00	I-TIME
,	O
the	O
public	O
information	O
officer	O
of	O
the	O
court	O
came	O
to	O
us	O
and	O
said	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
home	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
told	O
,	O
in	O
effect	O
,	O
there	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
a	O
ruling	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


That	O
has	O
n't	O
happened	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Now	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
time	O
is	O
ticking	O
away	O
and	O
yet	O
they	O
are	O
still	O
here	O
.	O


Everyone	O
still	O
here	O
.	O


All	O
we	O
know	O
is	O
that	O
justices	O
Breyer	B-PERSON
and	O
Souter	B-PERSON
have	O
been	O
seen	O
driving	O
away	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
necessarily	O
tell	O
us	O
anything	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
all	O
sorts	O
of	O
possible	O
explanations	O
for	O
that	O
.	O


It	O
could	O
be	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
actually	O
involved	O
in	O
finishing	O
up	O
writing	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
opinions	O
.	O


Remember	O
,	O
very	O
often	O
,	O
the	O
justices	O
are	O
joint	O
in	O
another	O
justice	O
's	O
opinion	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
could	O
be	O
that	O
the	O
opinion	O
is	O
already	O
finished	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
always	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
finished	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
public	O
information	O
office	O
and	O
many	O
security	O
officers	O
here	O
at	O
the	O
court	O
are	O
still	O
here	O
tells	O
us	O
that	O
the	O
court	O
is	O
in	O
all	O
likelihood	O
still	O
working	O
on	O
this	O
case	O
.	O


Dan	O
Abrams	O
,	O
outside	O
the	O
,	O
still	O
active	O
court	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
that	O
.	O


Good	O
evening	B-TIME
.	O


After	O
an	O
exhausting	O
presidential	O
campaign	O
and	O
36	B-DATE
long	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
spent	O
fights	O
over	O
the	O
outcome	O
for	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
real	O
work	O
is	O
just	O
beginning	O
.	O


The	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
transition	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
administration	O
is	O
dramatically	O
reduced	O
.	O


The	O
stock	O
market	O
again	O
signaled	O
worries	O
that	O
recession	O
may	O
be	O
looming	O
and	O
a	O
sharply	O
divided	O
Congress	B-ORG
is	O
poised	O
for	O
grid	O
lock	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
plans	O
a	O
conciliatory	O
meeting	O
with	O
Vice	O
President	O
Gore	B-PERSON
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	O
he	O
enters	O
the	O
fray	O
with	O
good	O
wishes	O
from	O
Republicans	B-NORP
and	O
Democrats	B-NORP
alike	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
wounds	O
of	O
a	O
bitterly	O
fought	O
presidential	O
contest	O
in	O
history	O
,	O
the	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
has	O
his	O
work	O
cut	O
out	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
look	O
at	O
challenges	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
facing	O
.	O


We	O
begin	O
where	O
he	O
began	O
this	O
journey	O
,	O
in	O
Austin	B-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
and	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
correspondent	O
Campbell	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
spent	O
most	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
telephone	O
and	O
in	O
meetings	O
,	O
moving	O
ahead	O
at	O
lightning	O
speed	O
putting	O
together	O
his	O
administration	O
.	O


Surrounded	O
by	O
friends	O
,	O
family	O
,	O
and	O
top	O
advisors	O
,	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
wife	O
Laura	B-PERSON
attend	O
a	O
private	O
prayer	O
service	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
to	O
begin	O
with	O
a	O
message	O
of	O
healing	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
governor	O
's	O
mansion	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
new	O
presidential	O
limosine	O
arrives	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
writes	O
thank	O
-	O
you	O
notes	O
and	O
fields	O
phone	O
calls	O
from	O
leaders	O
among	O
them	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Blair	I-PERSON
.	O


President	O
wants	O
America	B-GPE
and	O
Europe	B-LOC
to	O
stand	O
side	O
by	O
side	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
he	O
Britain	B-GPE
and	O
a	O
friend	O
of	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
also	O
reaches	O
out	O
to	O
Senate	B-ORG
and	O
House	B-ORG
leaders	O
on	O
Capitol	B-LOC
Hill	I-LOC
and	O
receives	O
a	O
call	O
from	O
the	O
Reverend	O
Jesse	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
who	O
talks	O
about	O
healing	O
the	O
nation	O
and	O
election	O
reform	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
spoke	O
to	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
and	O
accepted	O
an	O
invitation	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
and	O
told	O
the	O
President	O
he	O
looks	O
forward	O
to	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
senator	O
,	O
Mrs.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
.	O


All	O
of	O
us	O
have	O
a	O
responsibility	O
to	O
support	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
unite	O
the	O
country	O
in	O
a	O
search	O
for	O
common	O
ground	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
trip	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
as	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
early	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
plans	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
lawmakers	O
from	O
both	O
parties	O
,	O
potential	O
cabinet	O
members	O
and	O
on	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
face	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	O
with	O
Vice	O
President	O
Gore	B-PERSON
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
invited	O
to	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
's	O
residence	O
for	O
that	O
meeting	O
.	O


Forrest	B-PERSON
,	O
he	O
has	O
another	O
interesting	O
meeting	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
will	O
sit	O
down	O
with	O
John	B-PERSON
Breaux	I-PERSON
.	O


A	O
Democrat	B-NORP
,	O
he	O
has	O
praised	O
him	O
on	O
his	O
work	O
on	O
Medicare	B-ORG
reform	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
to	O
reach	O
out	O
to	O
Democrats	B-NORP
.	O


Tomorrow	B-DATE
's	O
meeting	O
could	O
signal	O
a	O
possible	O
job	O
offer	O
for	O
Breaux	B-PERSON
.	O


Most	O
Americans	B-NORP
do	O
n't	O
yet	O
have	O
a	O
really	O
good	O
picture	O
of	O
Laura	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
.	O


To	O
discuss	O
the	O
new	O
first	B-ORDINAL
lady	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
rejoined	O
by	O
our	O
panel	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
,	O
why	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
take	O
a	O
whack	O
at	O
this	O
.	O


Have	O
you	O
ever	O
met	O
her	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
clear	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
from	O
watching	O
her	O
throughout	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
she	O
is	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
traditional	O
mold	O
of	O
predecessors	O
of	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
than	O
like	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
.	O


She	O
is	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
break	O
the	O
mold	O
like	O
Mrs.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
did	O
by	O
taking	O
an	O
active	O
role	O
in	O
policy	O
making	O
.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
Americans	B-NORP
were	O
uncomfortable	O
with	O
that	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
ended	O
up	O
being	O
a	O
mistake	O
.	O


Joyce	B-PERSON
,	O
it	O
looks	O
like	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
say	O
something	O
.	O


I	O
quibble	O
with	O
the	O
idea	O
she	O
is	O
of	O
another	O
generation	O
.	O


Not	O
every	O
wife	O
necessarily	O
wants	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
politics	O
just	O
because	O
her	O
husband	O
is	O
in	O
politics	O
.	O


That	O
does	O
n't	O
make	O
her	O
a	O
throwback	O
.	O


,	O
I	O
believe	O
it	O
is	O
probably	O
true	O
,	O
and	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
also	O
learned	O
in	O
time	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
good	O
idea	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
lady	O
to	O
become	O
too	O
identified	O
with	O
specific	O
policy	O
initiates	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
publicly	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
she	O
herself	O
pulled	O
back	O
on	O
that	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
Deborah	B-PERSON
,	O
let's	O
us	O
pay	O
proper	O
respect	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
a	O
teacher	O
and	O
cares	O
about	O
something	O
tremendously	O
important	O
to	O
this	O
country	O
,	O
literacy	O
.	O


Exactly	O
.	O


She	O
has	O
worked	O
hard	O
on	O
this	O
issue	O
.	O


She	O
will	O
tackle	O
the	O
issue	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
Barbara	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
did	O
,	O
encouraging	O
reading	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
sure	O
she	O
will	O
have	O
programs	O
and	O
initiatives	O
.	O


Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
did	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
things	O
too	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
out	O
with	O
another	O
book	O
,	O
Entertaining	B-WORK_OF_ART
at	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
White	I-WORK_OF_ART
House	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Redecorating	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
White	I-WORK_OF_ART
House	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Doing	O
what	O
we	O
think	O
of	O
as	O
more	O
traditional	O
first	B-ORDINAL
lady	O
things	O
can	O
be	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
effective	O
.	O


Deborah	B-PERSON
,	O
you	O
remember	O
that	O
Mrs.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
chafed	O
at	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
being	O
in	O
the	O
traditional	O
role	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
not	O
at	O
all	O
happy	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
campaign	O
she	O
talked	O
about	O
having	O
to	O
bake	O
cookies	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
n't	O
pleased	O
with	O
that	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


Joyce	B-PERSON
makes	O
a	O
good	O
point	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


After	O
health	O
care	O
reform	O
failed	O
,	O
he	O
changed	O
her	O
steages	O
a	O
bit	O
.	O


She	O
pulled	O
back	O
.	O


She	O
began	O
doing	O
more	O
traditional	O
things	O
in	O
public	O
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
private	O
she	O
did	O
still	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
causes	O
she	O
cared	O
about	O
,	O
she	O
advocated	O
and	O
lobbied	O
in	O
a	O
quiet	O
,	O
behind	O
the	O
scenes	O
way	O
.	O


She	O
did	O
n't	O
make	O
a	O
big	O
deal	O
out	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
co-president	O
anymore	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
exactly	O
my	O
point	O
,	O
Joe	B-PERSON
.	O


Mrs.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
wants	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
policy	O
.	O


She	O
loves	O
that	O
and	O
is	O
steeped	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


Clearly	O
Mrs.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
down	O
that	O
road	O
.	O


It	O
depends	O
.	O


Literacy	O
is	O
a	O
big	O
problem	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
.	O


Nothing	O
that	O
Barbara	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
did	O
or	O
said	O
,	O
with	O
due	O
respect	O
,	O
addressed	O
it	O
in	O
an	O
important	O
way	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
more	O
of	O
a	O
show	O
.	O


What	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
about	O
literacy	O
is	O
to	O
spend	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
,	O
which	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
Bush	B-PERSON
proposed	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
a	O
large	O
spending	O
program	O
,	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
literacy	O
program	O
.	O


Laura	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
could	O
be	O
a	O
big	O
help	O
with	O
that	O
,	O
not	O
like	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
with	O
health	O
care	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
symbol	O
with	O
teachers	O
,	O
librarians	O
,	O
people	O
who	O
care	O
about	O
reading	O
and	O
believe	O
every	O
American	B-NORP
should	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
read	O
and	O
put	O
clout	O
behind	O
it	O
.	O


In	O
that	O
way	O
she	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
great	O
asset	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
policy	O
that	O
is	O
very	O
hard	O
to	O
disagree	O
with	O
.	O


She	O
could	O
be	O
the	O
symbol	O
of	O
really	O
doing	O
something	O
.	O


Let	O
us	O
hope	O
so	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
talking	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


Late	O
pictures	O
into	O
us	O
during	O
the	O
commercial	O
break	O
.	O


A	O
volcano	O
in	O
Mexico	B-GPE
that	O
's	O
just	O
started	O
spewing	O
molten	O
rock	O
,	O
known	O
to	O
the	O
locals	O
as	O
Po	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
po	I-LOC
.	O


If	O
you	O
've	O
landed	O
in	O
Mexico	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
you	O
've	O
seen	O
it	O
.	O


About	B-QUANTITY
40	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
outside	O
town	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
started	O
showering	O
ash	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
authorities	O
there	O
started	O
urging	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
nearby	O
to	O
leave	O
.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
however	O
still	O
refusing	O
.	O


The	O
volcano	O
is	O
almost	B-QUANTITY
18,000	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
high	O
.	O


Molten	O
rock	O
is	O
spewing	O
,	O
is	O
reportedly	O
setting	O
trees	O
afire	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
an	O
update	O
tonight	B-TIME
on	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
volcano	O
in	O
Mexico	B-GPE
,	O
they	O
call	O
El	B-LOC
Popo	I-LOC
.	O


Just	B-TIME
24	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
after	O
its	O
first	B-ORDINAL
erruption	O
in	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
1,000	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
worst	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
over	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
great	O
danger	O
to	O
the	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
who	O
live	O
nearby	O
.	O


Our	O
report	O
on	O
this	O
tonight	B-TIME
from	O
Kevin	B-PERSON
Tibbles	I-PERSON
.	O


As	O
the	O
sun	O
rises	O
over	O
Mt.	B-LOC
Popo	I-LOC
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
the	O
only	O
hint	O
of	O
the	O
fire	O
storm	O
inside	O
,	O
whiffs	O
of	O
smoke	O
,	O
but	O
just	B-TIME
a	I-TIME
few	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
earlier	I-TIME
,	O
the	O
volcano	O
exploding	O
spewing	O
rock	O
and	O
red	O
-	O
hot	O
lava	O
.	O


The	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
mountain	O
in	O
North	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
,	O
nearly	B-QUANTITY
18,000	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
high	O
,	O
erupting	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
with	O
its	O
most	O
violent	O
outburst	O
in	O
1200	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


They	O
say	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
especially	O
dangerous	O
volcano	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
steep	O
slopes	O
.	O


It	O
could	O
potentially	O
wipe	O
out	O
everything	O
in	O
its	O
path	O
.	O


40,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
path	O
.	O


Here	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Natural	I-ORG
Disaster	I-ORG
Prevention	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
,	O
they	O
are	O
working	O
around	O
the	O
clock	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
here	O
they	O
take	O
the	O
volcano	O
's	O
pulse	O
,	O
calling	O
it	O
unstable	O
,	O
saying	O
Popo	B-LOC
is	O
simply	O
recharging	O
,	O
getting	O
ready	O
to	O
erupt	O
again	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
acquiring	O
more	O
pressure	O
,	O
and	O
eventually	O
this	O
pressure	O
will	O
be	O
released	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
future	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
danger	O
?	O


The	O
heat	O
from	O
Popo	B-LOC
's	O
lava	O
flow	O
is	O
melting	O
the	O
glaciers	O
on	O
the	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
mountain	O
and	O
could	O
trigger	O
mud	O
slides	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
concrete	O
coming	O
down	O
instead	O
of	O
water	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
destroy	O
anything	O
that	O
tries	O
to	O
stop	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
Mexican	B-NORP
government	O
is	O
taking	O
no	O
chances	O
.	O


It	O
sent	O
out	O
1,000	B-CARDINAL
troops	O
to	O
force	O
an	O
evacuation	O
inside	O
an	O
eight	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
radius	O
.	O


Tonight	O
,	O
20,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
shelters	O
,	O
but	O
another	O
20,000	B-CARDINAL
refuse	O
to	O
leave	O
,	O
worried	O
about	O
their	O
corn	O
harvests	O
or	O
who	O
would	O
feed	O
their	O
animals	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
major	O
danger	O
was	O
to	O
come	O
,	O
says	O
this	O
man	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
run	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
no	O
other	O
choice	O
.	O


Scientists	O
say	O
Popo	B-LOC
has	O
a	O
huge	O
crater	O
about	B-QUANTITY
half	I-QUANTITY
a	I-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
across	O
,	O
about	B-QUANTITY
300	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
deep	O
and	O
a	O
lava	O
dome	O
is	O
building	O
up	O
like	O
an	O
upside	O
-	O
down	O
grapefruit	O
.	O


In	O
contrast	O
,	O
Mt.	B-LOC
Saint	I-LOC
Helen	I-LOC
had	O
a	O
dome	O
,	O
almost	O
as	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
pregnant	O
.	O


Randy	B-PERSON
White	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
done	O
on	O
-	O
site	O
studies	O
of	O
this	O
mountain	O
,	O
monitors	O
the	O
rhythms	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
blowing	O
in	O
its	O
own	O
way	O
.	O


It	O
could	O
get	O
bigger	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
predict	O
it	O
exactly	O
.	O


For	O
centuries	O
here	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
have	O
had	O
almost	O
a	O
mystical	O
relationship	O
with	O
Popo	B-LOC
,	O
believing	O
the	O
volcano	O
is	O
a	O
god	O
,	O
showering	O
their	O
crops	O
with	O
rain	O
.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
,	O
they	O
fear	O
it	O
will	O
turn	O
vengeful	O
,	O
bringing	O
destruction	O
after	O
1200	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
peace	O
.	O


Which	O
leads	O
us	O
to	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
``	O
in	O
depth	O
''	O
--	O
the	B-ORG
Truth	I-ORG
Squad	I-ORG
,	O
checking	O
the	O
facts	O
.	O


Between	O
now	O
and	O
election	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
team	O
of	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
correspondents	O
will	O
review	O
what	O
the	O
presidential	O
candidates	O
say	O
to	O
s	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
telling	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


We	O
begin	O
tonight	O
with	O
the	O
huge	O
federal	O
surplus	O
.	O


Both	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
and	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
have	O
different	O
ideas	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
spend	O
that	O
extra	O
money	O
.	O


The	O
last	O
time	O
presidential	O
candidates	O
had	O
that	O
luxury	O
was	O
in	O
1960	B-DATE
--	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Nixon	I-PERSON
and	O
John	B-PERSON
F.	I-PERSON
Kennedy	I-PERSON
facing	O
off	O
over	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
surplus	O
,	O
not	O
adjusted	O
for	O
inflation	O
.	O


Now	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
chief	O
financial	O
correspondent	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Jensen	I-PERSON
on	O
the	O
new	O
surplus	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
talk	O
behind	O
it	O
,	O
``	O
in	O
depth	O
.	O
''	O


Tod	B-PERSON
and	O
Tammy	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
of	O
Texas	B-GPE
counting	O
on	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
proposed	O
$	B-MONEY
1.6	I-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
tax	O
cut	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
faith	O
in	O
him	O
and	O
believe	O
that	O
he	O
'll	O
do	O
what	O
he	O
says	O
he	O
'll	O
do	O
.	O


Patti	B-PERSON
and	O
Gary	B-PERSON
Thompson	I-PERSON
of	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
prefer	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
plan	O
to	O
pay	O
off	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
$	B-MONEY
3.5	I-MONEY
half	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
national	O
debt	O
.	O


Keep	O
the	O
good	O
times	O
rolling	O
.	O


Employment	O
is	O
very	O
high	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
have	O
good	O
jobs	O
.	O


But	O
both	O
candidates	O
'	O
economic	O
plans	O
cost	O
a	O
fortune	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
question	O
is	O
,	O
Will	O
there	O
be	O
enough	O
money	O
?	O


What	O
's	O
the	O
truth	O
?	O


Are	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
Gore	B-PERSON
making	O
campaign	O
promises	O
they	O
ca	O
n't	O
possibly	O
keep	O
?	O


The	O
nonpartisan	O
Center	B-ORG
on	I-ORG
Budget	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Policy	I-ORG
Priorities	I-ORG
did	O
an	O
exhaustive	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
surplus	O
.	O


The	O
authors	O
'	O
conclusion	O
?	O


Beware	O
of	O
smoke	O
and	O
mirrors	O
from	O
both	O
candidates	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
have	O
some	O
skepticism	O
toward	O
both	O
plans	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
being	O
overly	O
optimistic	O
in	O
what	O
they	O
can	O
actually	O
deliver	O
.	O


Both	O
Gore	B-PERSON
and	O
Bush	B-PERSON
rely	O
on	O
predictions	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Congressional	I-ORG
Budget	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
that	O
the	O
government	O
will	O
take	O
in	O
$	B-MONEY
4.5	I-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
more	O
than	O
it	O
spends	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


About	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
that	O
surplus	O
is	O
for	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
,	O
leaving	O
$	B-MONEY
2.2	I-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
for	O
tax	O
cuts	O
and	O
new	O
government	O
programs	O
.	O


Sounds	O
good	O
,	O
but	O
many	O
economists	O
say	O
that	O
's	O
hugely	O
optimistic	O
because	O
of	O
economic	O
assumptions	O
by	O
both	O
candidates	O
that	O
wo	O
n't	O
necessarily	O
pan	O
out	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
government	O
spending	O
is	O
assumed	O
by	O
the	O
candidates	O
to	O
rise	O
only	O
at	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
inflation	O
,	O
while	O
,	O
in	O
truth	O
,	O
analysts	O
say	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
rising	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
faster	O
than	O
that	O
.	O


Both	O
candidates	O
also	O
assume	O
strong	O
economic	O
growth	O
resulting	O
in	O
that	O
huge	O
surplus	O
.	O


The	O
truth	O
?	O


If	O
the	O
economy	O
takes	O
a	O
major	O
hit	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
just	O
a	O
mild	O
recession	O
,	O
experts	O
say	O
you	O
can	O
subtract	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
from	O
the	O
surplus	O
.	O


``	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Week	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
magazine	O
puts	O
it	O
bluntly	O
--	O
``	O
Newsday	B-ORG
''	O
calls	O
their	O
promises	O
``	O
pie	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
.	O
''	O


``	B-ORG
The	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
says	O
they	O
're	O
``	O
unrealistically	O
optimistic	O
.	O
''	O


Analysts	O
warning	O
the	O
Thompsons	B-PERSON
of	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
Williamses	B-GPE
of	O
Texas	B-GPE
and	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
80	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
other	O
voters	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
numbers	O
are	O
in	O
trillions	B-CARDINAL
,	O
with	O
promises	O
to	O
match	O
,	O
keep	O
your	O
hand	O
on	O
your	O
wallet	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Jensen	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


In	O
Canada	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
,	O
they	O
were	O
mourning	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
that	O
country	O
's	O
most	O
important	O
and	O
charismatic	O
leaders	O
,	O
Pierre	B-PERSON
Elliot	I-PERSON
Trudeau	I-PERSON
.	O


A	O
state	O
funeral	O
at	O
Montreal	B-GPE
's	O
Notre	B-FAC
Dame	I-FAC
Basilica	I-FAC
attended	O
by	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
foreign	O
dignitaries	O
,	O
including	O
former	O
President	O
Jimmy	B-PERSON
Carter	I-PERSON
and	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
Trudeau	B-PERSON
supported	O
during	O
the	B-EVENT
Cold	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
.	O


The	O
former	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
's	O
son	O
Justin	B-PERSON
told	O
the	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
3,000	I-CARDINAL
mourners	O
and	O
the	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
watching	O
on	O
TV	O
to	O
carry	O
on	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
dream	O
of	O
a	O
united	O
Canada	B-GPE
.	O


Pierre	B-PERSON
Trudeau	I-PERSON
died	O
last	B-DATE
Thursday	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
80	I-DATE
.	O


At	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
tonight	B-TIME
--	O
important	O
questions	O
about	O
medical	O
testing	O
and	O
privacy	O
rights	O
of	O
individuals	O
.	O


When	O
can	O
doctors	O
tell	O
police	O
they	O
've	O
discovered	O
evidence	O
their	O
patients	O
are	O
committing	O
crimes	O
?	O


Here	O
's	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Pete	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
case	O
that	O
pits	O
a	O
woman	O
's	O
medical	O
privacy	O
against	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
desire	O
to	O
protect	O
children	O
.	O


Faced	O
with	O
an	O
epidemic	O
of	O
cocaine	O
use	O
by	O
pregnant	O
mothers	O
who	O
were	O
potentially	O
putting	O
their	O
babies	O
at	O
risk	O
,	O
the	O
medical	O
staff	O
at	O
this	O
Charleston	B-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
,	O
hospital	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
novel	O
idea	O
--	O
decide	O
which	O
of	O
the	O
pregnant	O
where	O
things	O
went	O
wrong	O
.	O


We	O
need	O
doctors	O
to	O
act	O
like	O
doctors	O
,	O
not	O
doctors	O
to	O
act	O
like	O
police	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
state	O
defends	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
get	O
mothers	O
off	O
drugs	O
,	O
reducing	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
having	O
unhealthy	O
babies	O
.	O


I	O
went	O
over	O
and	O
looked	O
at	O
these	O
babies	O
when	O
this	O
case	O
started	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
a	O
3	B-QUANTITY
1	I-QUANTITY
/	I-QUANTITY
2	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
pound	I-QUANTITY
human	O
being	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
make	O
you	O
cry	O
.	O


The	O
question	O
for	O
the	O
court	O
--	O
When	O
can	O
doctors	O
tip	O
off	O
police	O
?	O


Justice	O
Scalia	B-PERSON
said	O
--	O
Doctors	O
routinely	O
report	O
when	O
they	O
find	O
gunshot	O
wounds	O
,	O
Why	O
not	O
when	O
they	O
find	O
proof	O
of	O
drug	O
use	O
?	O
but	O
Justice	O
Ginsburg	B-PERSON
asked	O
--	O
How	O
can	O
the	O
hospital	O
say	O
it	O
's	O
protecting	O
unborn	O
children	O
by	O
arresting	O
women	O
after	O
they	O
give	O
birth	O
?	O


Many	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
big	O
medical	O
groups	O
oppose	O
the	O
South	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
policy	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
arrest	O
will	O
frighten	O
more	O
women	O
away	O
from	O
pregnancy	O
care	O
,	O
further	O
endangering	O
their	O
babies	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
justices	O
uphold	O
the	O
South	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
policy	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
doctors	O
fear	O
they	O
'll	O
be	O
called	O
on	O
to	O
report	O
more	O
crimes	O
,	O
eroding	O
the	O
trust	O
between	O
them	O
and	O
their	O
patients	O
.	O


Pete	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
.	O


Time	O
for	O
``	O
Lifeline	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
--	O
and	O
fresh	O
evidence	O
tonight	B-TIME
the	O
kind	O
of	O
medical	O
care	O
you	O
receive	O
depends	O
to	O
a	O
large	O
degree	O
on	O
where	O
you	O
live	O
,	O
but	O
maybe	O
not	O
for	O
the	O
reasons	O
you	O
'recg	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
just	O
poor	O
versus	O
rich	O
areas	O
or	O
rural	O
versus	O
urban	O
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Hager	I-PERSON
tonight	B-TIME
on	O
``	O
geographic	O
destiny	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Florence	B-PERSON
Kramer	I-PERSON
discovered	O
she	O
had	O
breast	O
cancer	O
,	O
a	O
doctor	O
in	O
Farmington	B-GPE
,	O
Missouri	B-GPE
,	O
told	O
her	O
she	O
needed	O
a	O
mastectomy	O
--	O
breast	O
removal	O
.	O


I	O
panicked	O
and	O
was	O
frightened	O
,	O
and	O
real	O
depressed	O
and	O
upset	O
.	O


But	O
70	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
away	O
in	O
St.	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE
,	O
doctors	O
told	O
her	O
a	O
less	O
invasive	O
lumpectomy	O
,	O
should	O
be	O
enough	O
.	O


Man	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
overjoyed	O
.	O


Her	O
lumpectomy	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
success	O
,	O
and	O
her	O
case	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
startling	O
differences	O
in	O
doctors	O
'	O
choices	O
of	O
treatment	O
,	O
from	O
one	B-CARDINAL
geographic	O
area	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
all	O
documented	O
in	O
an	O
ongoing	O
statistical	O
analysis	O
called	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dartmouth	I-WORK_OF_ART
College	I-WORK_OF_ART
Atlas	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Health	I-WORK_OF_ART
Care	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
directed	O
by	O
Dr	O
John	B-PERSON
Wennberg	I-PERSON
.	O


What	O
we	O
're	O
seeing	O
is	O
that	O
in	O
health	O
care	O
geography	O
is	O
basically	O
destiny	O
,	O
meaning	O
you	O
may	O
be	O
destined	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
live	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
community	O
,	O
to	O
have	O
major	O
surgery	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
problem	O
normally	O
treated	O
,	O
somewhere	O
else	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
less	O
invasive	O
procedure	O
or	O
without	O
surgery	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
Atlas	B-WORK_OF_ART
finds	O
,	O
a	O
breast	O
cancer	O
patient	O
in	O
Rapid	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Dakota	I-GPE
is	O
twice	O
as	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
mastectomy	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
problem	O
in	O
the	O
western	O
suburbs	O
of	O
Cleveland	B-GPE
.	O


Prostate	O
cancer	O
,	O
in	O
Baton	B-GPE
Rouge	I-GPE
,	O
Louisiana	B-GPE
,	O
surgery	O
,	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
times	O
more	O
likely	O
than	O
in	O
Binghamton	B-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Heart	O
disease	O
,	O
in	O
Bloomington	B-GPE
,	O
Indiana	B-GPE
,	O
bypass	O
operation	O
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
more	O
likely	O
,	O
than	O
in	O
Albuquerque	B-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
Mexico	I-GPE
.	O


A	O
back	O
problem	O
,	O
in	O
Santa	B-GPE
Barbara	I-GPE
,	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
surgery	O
six	B-CARDINAL
times	O
more	O
likely	O
,	O
than	O
in	O
Bronx	B-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Why	O
these	O
great	O
variations	O
?	O


Not	O
what	O
you	O
may	O
think	O
.	O


Not	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
community	O
,	O
the	O
wealth	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
,	O
or	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O


It	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
what	O
doctors	O
in	O
each	O
area	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
recommending	O
,	O
but	O
patients	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
that	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
of	O
this	O
incredible	O
variation	O
is	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
patients	O
involved	O
in	O
making	O
decisions	O
that	O
express	O
their	O
own	O
preferences	O
.	O


So	O
Dartmouth	B-ORG
's	O
Hitchcock	B-ORG
Hospital	I-ORG
has	O
what	O
's	O
called	O
a	O
``	O
shared	O
decision	O
making	O
center	O
,	O
''	O
where	O
patients	O
are	O
carefully	O
presented	O
all	O
the	O
options	O
even	O
shown	O
videos	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
patient	O
advocate	O
has	O
this	O
advice	O
--	O
when	O
the	O
physician	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
believe	O
you	O
ought	O
to	O
have	O
this	O
procedure	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
very	O
next	O
question	O
you	O
ask	O
is	O
``	O
well	O
,	O
why	O
are	O
you	O
recommending	O
that	O
?	O
''	O
and	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
question	O
is	O
``	O
what	O
alternatives	O
would	O
you	O
recommend	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
are	O
my	O
choices	O
?	O
''	O


Just	O
why	O
Florence	B-PERSON
Kramer	I-PERSON
traveled	O
70	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
for	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
opinion	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
something	O
done	O
to	O
my	O
body	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
everything	O
there	O
is	O
to	O
know	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


How	O
she	O
overcame	O
geographic	O
destiny	O
avoided	O
a	O
mastectomy	O
and	O
remains	O
cancer	O
free	O
,	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Robert	B-PERSON
Hager	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Now	O
to	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
a	O
people	O
's	O
revolt	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
has	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
dramatic	O
change	O
.	O


A	O
new	O
President	O
was	O
officially	O
sworn	O
in	O
today	O
,	O
bringing	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
the	O
reign	O
of	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Maceda	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
a	O
simple	O
ceremony	O
before	O
the	O
newly	O
elected	O
parliament	O
,	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
took	O
his	O
oath	O
of	O
office	O
late	B-TIME
tonight	I-TIME
as	O
President	O
of	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
marking	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
13	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
autocratic	O
rule	O
under	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
scene	O
few	O
Serbs	B-NORP
would	O
have	O
deemed	O
possible	O
only	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
it	O
almost	O
did	O
n't	O
happen	O
,	O
delayed	O
by	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
's	O
party	O
,	O
which	O
still	O
controls	O
the	O
parliament	O
.	O


After	O
meetings	O
earlier	B-TIME
today	I-TIME
with	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
foreign	O
dignitaries	O
,	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
admitted	O
that	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
may	O
be	O
down	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
out	O
.	O


``	O
difficult	O
times	O
are	O
behind	O
us	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
but	O
the	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
ahead	I-DATE
also	O
hold	O
many	O
trials	O
.	O
''	O


His	O
main	O
priority	O
--	O
bringing	O
Serbia	B-GPE
back	O
into	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
after	O
a	O
decade	O
of	O
economic	O
sanctions	O
.	O


Many	O
believe	O
he	O
has	O
the	O
credentials	O
.	O


A	O
man	O
who	O
believes	O
in	O
democracy	O
but	O
who	O
holds	O
strong	O
Serb	B-NORP
views	O
.	O


Seen	O
here	O
armed	O
with	O
a	O
machine	O
gun	O
,	O
supporting	O
the	O
Serb	B-NORP
cause	O
in	O
Kosovo	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
a	O
recent	O
interview	O
with	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
highly	O
critical	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
policy	O
in	O
the	O
Balkans	B-LOC
,	O
especially	O
the	O
indictment	O
of	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
for	O
war	O
crimes	O
.	O


In	O
some	O
sense	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
sort	O
of	O
interfering	O
in	O
the	O
affairs	O
of	O
another	O
state	O
.	O


Kostunica	B-PERSON
had	O
already	O
publicly	O
said	O
he	O
would	O
never	O
turn	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
over	O
to	O
the	O
Hague	B-GPE
tribunal	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
just	O
before	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
publicly	O
conceded	O
defeat	O
,	O
a	O
one	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
meeting	O
with	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
--	O
their	O
first	B-ORDINAL
ever	O
--	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
cordial	O
.	O


Details	O
have	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
revealed	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
the	O
very	O
least	O
,	O
sources	O
say	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
exchange	O
of	O
guarantees	O
for	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
peaceful	O
hand	O
-	O
over	O
of	O
power	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
return	O
,	O
safety	O
and	O
comfort	O
inside	O
Serbia	B-GPE
for	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
.	O


Milosevic	B-PERSON
even	O
intends	O
to	O
continue	O
his	O
political	O
career	O
,	O
as	O
leader	O
of	O
his	O
party	O
,	O
worrying	O
many	O
who	O
opposed	O
him	O
.	O


As	O
long	O
as	O
he	O
's	O
on	O
the	O
soil	O
of	O
this	O
state	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
sleep	O
quietly	O
.	O


Tonight	B-TIME
,	O
despite	O
poor	O
weather	O
,	O
thousands	O
of	O
Serbs	B-NORP
celebrated	O
a	O
new	O
era	O
of	O
freedom	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
fate	O
of	O
their	O
former	O
dictator	O
still	O
in	O
doubt	O
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
Maceda	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
was	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
that	O
the	O
bottom	O
halves	O
of	O
the	O
Democrat	B-NORP
and	O
Republican	B-NORP
tickets	O
moved	O
into	O
the	O
spotlight	O
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Anne	B-PERSON
Thompson	I-PERSON
has	O
been	O
tracking	O
them	O
both	O
.	O


The	O
running	O
mates	O
--	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
and	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
,	O
running	O
hard	O
as	O
the	O
race	O
for	O
President	O
enters	O
its	O
final	O
month	O
.	O


Some	O
are	O
declaring	O
a	O
winner	O
in	O
the	O
choice	O
for	O
Vice	O
President	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
because	O
he	O
game	O
umph	O
to	O
the	O
Democratic	B-NORP
ticket	O
.	O


He	O
helped	O
change	O
the	O
public	O
's	O
perception	O
of	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
man	O
once	O
thought	O
a	O
risky	O
pick	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Jewish	B-NORP
candidate	O
on	O
a	O
national	O
ticket	O
,	O
now	O
a	O
political	O
star	O
.	O


GORE	B-PERSON
/	O
LIEBERMAN	B-PERSON
,	O
no	O
bull	O
,	O
no	O
pork	O
.	O


Laughter	O
.	O


Humanizing	O
the	O
sometimes	O
robotic	O
Gore	B-PERSON
.	O


When	O
Al	B-PERSON
and	O
Hadassah	B-PERSON
and	O
Tipper	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
are	O
together	O
,	O
we	O
call	O
this	O
double	O
dating	O
.	O


Using	O
an	O
informal	O
style	O
to	O
draw	O
voters	O
in	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
on	O
the	O
attack	O
.	O


Does	O
Governor	O
Bush	B-PERSON
now	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
for	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
environment	O
what	O
he	O
has	O
done	O
here	O
in	O
Texas	B-GPE
?	O


I	O
hope	O
not	O
.	O


Cheney	B-PERSON
could	O
not	O
be	O
more	O
different	O
.	O


The	O
former	O
cabinet	O
member	O
and	O
oil	O
industry	O
executive	O
so	O
formal	O
and	O
business	O
-	O
like	O
on	O
the	O
campaign	O
trail	O
,	O
critics	O
complain	O
some	O
appearances	O
have	O
all	O
the	O
excitement	O
of	O
a	O
Defense	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
briefing	O
.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
and	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
have	O
had	O
every	O
chance	O
and	O
every	O
reason	O
to	O
improve	O
our	O
schools	O
,	O
to	O
raise	O
taxes	O
,	O
to	O
save	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
,	O
but	O
they	O
have	O
n't	O
even	O
tried	O
.	O


The	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
safe	O
pick	O
quickly	O
became	O
the	O
controversial	O
one	O
.	O


News	O
reports	O
about	O
failing	O
to	O
vote	O
in	O
some	O
elections	O
and	O
moving	O
slowly	O
to	O
answer	O
questions	O
about	O
his	O
multi-million	B-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
CEO	O
retirement	O
package	O
,	O
reasons	O
why	O
some	O
analysts	O
consider	O
him	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
flop	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
until	O
Thursday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
's	I-TIME
debate	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
by	O
any	O
standard	O
,	O
his	O
debate	O
performance	O
was	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
good	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
put	O
him	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
asset	O
column	O
now	O
.	O


Conventional	O
wisdom	O
is	O
running	O
mates	O
do	O
n't	O
make	O
a	O
difference	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
race	O
this	O
close	O
,	O
could	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
or	O
Lieberman	B-PERSON
sway	O
the	O
all	O
-	O
important	O
undecided	O
voters	O
?	O


Saddened	O
to	O
learn	O
--	O


One	B-CARDINAL
gives	O
substance	O
in	O
style	O
.	O


Each	O
side	O
hoping	O
this	O
time	O
it	O
will	O
make	O
a	O
difference	O
in	O
a	O
race	O
still	O
too	O
close	O
to	O
call	O
.	O


Anne	B-PERSON
Thompson	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
are	O
working	O
overtime	O
to	O
find	O
some	O
way	O
to	O
defuse	O
the	O
volatile	O
situation	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
as	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
attack	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Johns	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Albright	B-PERSON
today	B-DATE
turned	O
up	O
the	O
pressure	O
on	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
to	O
stop	O
the	O
violence	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
been	O
able	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
to	O
control	O
large	O
portions	O
of	O
this	O
.	O


We	O
expect	O
him	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
control	O
this	O
.	O


Israelis	B-NORP
have	O
long	O
argued	O
that	O
Arat	B-PERSON
can	O
and	O
should	O
do	O
just	O
that	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
Mr.	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
can	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
single	O
word	O
stop	O
the	O
violence	O
and	O
get	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
negotiations	O
table	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
will	O
find	O
readiness	O
and	O
willingness	O
on	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
side	O
to	O
reach	O
a	O
reasonable	O
agreement	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
protests	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
sprang	O
up	O
from	O
Egypt	B-GPE
to	O
Morocco	B-GPE
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
's	O
advisers	O
suggested	O
that	O
his	O
power	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
violence	O
may	O
be	O
limited	O
.	O


President	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
can	O
not	O
give	O
orders	O
to	O
a	O
people	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
whole	O
nation	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
being	O
killed	O
every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
and	O
being	O
asked	O
to	O
lie	O
back	O
and	O
to	O
die	O
quietly	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
defend	O
themselves	O
.	O


The	O
disagreement	O
over	O
which	O
side	O
should	O
bear	O
the	O
greatest	O
blame	O
spilled	O
over	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


A	O
Security	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
resolution	O
criticized	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
tried	O
to	O
water	O
down	O
the	O
measure	O
,	O
then	O
abstained	O
from	O
voting	O
.	O


The	O
administration	O
,	O
hoping	O
to	O
de-escalate	O
the	O
violence	O
,	O
is	O
appealing	O
to	O
both	O
sides	O
.	O


That	O
requires	O
even	O
greater	O
efforts	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
to	O
try	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
crowds	O
,	O
to	O
keep	O
them	O
away	O
from	O
Israeli	B-NORP
fixed	O
positions	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
side	O
that	O
would	O
enable	O
them	O
to	O
restrain	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
live	O
fire	O
.	O


Aids	O
to	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
say	O
he	O
has	O
proposed	O
a	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
summit	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
as	O
early	O
as	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Aids	O
do	O
not	O
rule	O
out	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
the	O
President	O
attending	O
if	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leaders	O
agree	O
to	O
the	O
meeting	O
.	O


Joe	B-PERSON
Johns	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
.	O


We	O
begin	O
with	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
with	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
at	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
,	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
latest	O
there	O
?	O


Tonight	B-TIME
,	O
the	O
latest	O
casualty	O
figures	O
are	O
6	B-CARDINAL
dead	O
,	O
11	B-CARDINAL
missing	O
and	O
36	B-CARDINAL
wounded	O
,	O
but	O
Navy	B-ORG
officials	O
predict	O
that	O
death	O
toll	O
will	O
surely	O
rise	O
in	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
worst	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
against	O
a	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
ship	O
in	O
modern	O
history	O
.	O


The	O
gaping	O
,	O
blackened	O
hole	O
in	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
is	O
all	O
the	O
evidence	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
's	O
top	O
officer	O
needs	O
to	O
declare	O
this	O
a	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
no	O
reason	O
to	O
think	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
anything	O
but	O
a	O
senseless	O
act	O
of	O
terrorism	O
.	O


The	O
destroyer	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
powerful	O
ships	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
on	O
its	O
way	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
Persian	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
when	O
it	O
stops	O
at	O
Yemen	B-GPE
to	O
take	O
on	O
fuel	O
.	O


Yemen	B-GPE
is	O
considered	O
a	O
high	O
threat	O
area	O
.	O


The	O
crew	O
is	O
already	O
on	O
a	O
heightened	O
state	O
of	O
alert	O
.	O


So	O
then	O
,	O
how	O
did	O
the	O
attackers	O
get	O
so	O
close	O
?	O


Navy	B-ORG
officials	O
report	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
pulls	O
up	O
to	O
an	O
offshore	O
pier	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
Aden	B-FAC
Harbor	I-FAC
,	O
preparing	O
to	O
refuel	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
small	O
harbor	O
boats	O
,	O
hired	O
by	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
to	O
help	O
moor	O
the	O
destroyer	O
,	O
takes	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
lines	O
,	O
ties	O
it	O
to	O
a	O
buoy	O
,	O
then	O
returns	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
normally	O
a	O
routine	O
operation	O
,	O
so	O
no	O
one	O
aboard	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
has	O
the	O
slightest	O
suspicion	O
the	O
ship	O
is	O
about	O
to	O
be	O
attacked	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
aboard	O
the	O
small	O
boat	O
suddenly	O
snap	O
to	O
attention	O
as	O
if	O
following	O
orders	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
the	O
blast	O
--	O
an	O
enormous	O
explosion	O
that	O
tears	O
a	O
huge	O
gash	O
in	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O


Seawater	O
rushes	O
through	O
the	O
20	B-QUANTITY
x	I-QUANTITY
40	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
hole	O
.	O


The	O
crew	O
fights	O
desperately	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
performed	O
superbly	O
.	O


They	O
dispatch	O
medical	O
teams	O
.	O


The	O
11	B-CARDINAL
missing	O
presumed	O
trapped	O
.	O


In	O
Congress	B-ORG
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
outrage	O
and	O
a	O
warning	O
to	O
those	O
responsible	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
find	O
you	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
punish	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
price	O
that	O
we	O
will	O
exact	O
will	O
by	O
far	O
exceed	O
anything	O
you	O
may	O
have	O
gained	O
by	O
inflicting	O
this	O
outrageous	O
act	O
of	O
terrorism	O
.	O


How	O
may	O
I	O
help	O
you	O
?	O


A	O
vigil	O
for	O
the	O
dead	O
and	O
survivors	O
.	O


I	O
talked	O
to	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
ombudsmen	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
to	O
pass	O
along	O
to	O
have	O
everybody	O
say	O
a	O
prayer	O
.	O


A	O
new	O
concern	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
Navy	B-ORG
ships	O
are	O
steaming	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
to	O
provide	O
security	O
.	O


Because	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
threat	O
area	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
loaded	O
with	O
cruise	O
missiles	O
and	O
sitting	O
dead	O
in	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


Thanks	O
,	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszeski	I-PERSON
.	O


And	O
the	O
ripple	O
effect	O
from	O
Bridgestone	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
Firestone	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
tire	O
troubles	O
being	O
felt	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
's	O
chief	O
financial	O
correspondent	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Jensen	I-PERSON
has	O
the	O
latest	O
.	O


A	O
stunning	O
announcement	O
--	O
450	B-CARDINAL
workers	O
laid	O
off	O
indefinitely	O
at	O
this	O
troubled	O
Firestone	B-ORG
plant	O
in	O
Decatur	B-GPE
,	O
Illinois	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
will	O
totally	O
shut	O
down	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
Bridgestone	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
Firestone	I-ORG
plants	O
in	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
and	O
Oklahoma	B-GPE
will	O
shut	O
down	O
,	O
fully	O
or	O
partially	O
,	O
for	O
four	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
cutting	O
tire	O
production	O
by	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Why	O
now	O
?	O


Analysts	O
say	O
because	O
car	O
owners	O
simply	O
are	O
n't	O
buying	O
enough	O
Firestone	B-ORG
tires	O
.	O


Tire	O
dealer	O
Bryan	B-PERSON
Tashjian	I-PERSON
today	B-DATE
,	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
says	O
his	O
Firestone	B-ORG
tire	O
sales	O
are	O
down	O
70	O
%	O
.	O


I	O
see	O
the	O
concern	O
in	O
people	O
's	O
faces	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
're	O
very	O
apprehensive	O
about	O
purchasing	O
Firestone	B-ORG
tires	O
.	O


Bridgestone	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
Firestone	I-ORG
Chairman	O
John	B-PERSON
Lampe	I-PERSON
,	O
on	O
a	O
telephone	O
conference	O
call	O
with	O
reporters	O
this	O
afternoon	O
.	O


All	O
this	O
as	O
the	O
government	O
announces	O
18	B-CARDINAL
more	O
deaths	O
involving	O
cars	O
with	O
Firestone	B-ORG
tires	O
,	O
bringing	O
the	O
total	O
U.S.	B-GPE
death	O
toll	O
to	O
119	B-CARDINAL
,	O
plus	O
dozens	O
more	O
in	O
Venezuela	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
government	O
now	O
says	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
3,500	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
complained	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Highway	I-ORG
Traffic	I-ORG
Safety	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
about	O
Firestone	B-ORG
tread	O
separations	O
,	O
blowouts	O
and	O
other	O
problems	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
risk	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
become	O
sort	O
of	O
a	O
secondary	O
brand	O
.	O


Analysts	O
say	O
the	O
paud	O
name	O
of	O
Firestone	B-ORG
,	O
once	O
a	O
premium	O
tire	O
,	O
could	O
end	O
up	O
as	O
a	O
bargain	O
basement	O
brand	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
survives	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Jensen	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Now	O
``	O
The	B-ORG
Truth	I-ORG
Squad	I-ORG
,	O
''	O
a	O
reality	O
check	O
on	O
the	O
candidates	O
.	O


In	O
all	O
our	O
polling	O
,	O
Americans	B-NORP
have	O
rated	O
education	O
as	O
the	O
number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
issue	O
in	O
this	O
election	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
federal	O
government	O
is	O
spending	O
nearly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
123	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
on	O
education	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
$	B-MONEY
60	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


That	O
's	O
still	O
a	O
small	O
fraction	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
spent	O
.	O


Nonetheless	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
schools	O
are	O
in	O
trouble	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
would	O
Gore	B-PERSON
and	O
Bush	B-PERSON
do	O
to	O
fix	O
them	O
?	O


Are	O
their	O
plans	O
realistic	O
?	O


NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
Myers	I-PERSON
and	O
``	B-ORG
The	I-ORG
Truth	I-ORG
Squad	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
with	O
some	O
answers	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
``	O
in	O
depth	O
.	O
''	O


George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
on	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
education	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
--	O


America	B-GPE
today	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
an	O
education	O
recession	O
that	O
can	O
threaten	O
our	O
very	O
future	O
.	O


A	O
recession	O
?	O


Experts	O
say	O
that	O
term	O
's	O
an	O
exaggeration	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
true	O
that	O
the	O
gap	O
in	O
test	O
scores	O
between	O
white	O
and	O
minority	O
students	O
has	O
grown	O
,	O
but	O
experts	O
say	O
overall	O
student	O
performance	O
has	O
not	O
declined	O
.	O


To	O
say	O
there	O
's	O
been	O
a	O
recession	O
implies	O
that	O
scores	O
are	O
going	O
down	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
n't	O
any	O
test	O
scores	O
going	O
down	O
.	O


At	O
worst	O
,	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
flat	O
.	O


At	O
worst	O
,	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
flat	O
.	O


Both	O
candidates	O
have	O
a	O
laundry	O
list	O
of	O
proposals	O
to	O
improve	O
education	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
Gore	B-PERSON
's	O
--	O
a	O
tax	O
break	O
to	O
help	O
families	O
pay	O
for	O
college	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
give	O
new	O
choices	O
to	O
parents	O
to	O
send	O
their	O
kids	O
to	O
college	O
with	O
a	O
$	O
10,000	B-MONEY
tax	O
deduction	O
for	O
college	O
tuition	O
,	O
per	O
child	O
,	O
per	O
year	O
.	O


Experts	O
say	O
this	O
is	O
less	O
generous	O
than	O
it	O
sounds	O
.	O


First	O
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
's	O
deduction	O
is	O
limited	O
to	O
$	O
10,000	B-MONEY
per	O
family	O
,	O
not	O
per	O
child	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
his	O
plan	O
merely	O
would	O
modestly	O
expand	O
an	O
existing	O
tuition	O
credit	O
.	O


The	O
bottom	O
line	O
for	O
your	O
family	O
?	O


The	O
most	O
that	O
this	O
credit	O
could	O
give	O
any	O
family	O
is	O
$	O
800	B-MONEY
more	O
than	O
what	O
they	O
get	O
under	O
present	O
law	O
.	O


Another	O
key	O
issue	O
this	O
year	O
--	O
how	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
failing	O
public	O
schools	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
solutions	O
--	O
double	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
independent	O
,	O
publicly	O
funded	O
schools	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
charter	O
schools	O
.	O


We	O
encourage	O
parents	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
comparative	O
results	O
of	O
schools	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
strong	O
charter	O
school	O
movement	O
that	O
I	O
signed	O
the	O
legislation	O
to	O
get	O
started	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Texas	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
experts	O
say	O
the	O
early	O
record	O
of	O
charter	O
schools	O
in	O
Texas	B-GPE
is	O
not	O
as	O
strong	O
as	O
Bush	B-PERSON
claims	O
.	O


Some	O
schools	O
,	O
like	O
Houston	B-GPE
's	O
KIPP	B-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
,	O
are	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
doing	O
a	O
great	O
job	O
with	O
economically	O
disadvantaged	O
students	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
report	O
finds	O
that	O
charter	O
schools	O
overall	O
in	O
Texas	B-GPE
have	O
more	O
students	O
per	O
teacher	O
,	O
less	O
experienced	O
teachers	O
and	O
lower	O
test	O
scores	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
mixed	O
picture	O
.	O


Charter	O
schools	O
are	O
having	O
some	O
successes	O
and	O
some	O
struggles	O
.	O


But	O
overall	O
,	O
students	O
in	O
charter	O
schools	O
have	O
lower	O
performance	O
scores	O
than	O
students	O
in	O
traditional	O
public	O
schools	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
would	O
Gore	O
deal	O
with	O
failing	O
public	O
schools	O
?	O


If	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
failing	O
school	O
,	O
shut	O
it	O
down	O
,	O
and	O
reopen	O
it	O
under	O
a	O
new	O
principal	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
turnaround	O
team	O
of	O
specialists	O
the	O
way	O
Governor	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Hunt	I-PERSON
does	O
in	O
North	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
.	O


But	O
Governor	O
Hunt	B-PERSON
's	O
office	O
says	O
no	O
school	O
has	O
been	O
shut	O
down	O
yet	O
in	O
his	O
state	O
.	O


So	O
experts	O
say	O
it	O
's	O
too	O
soon	O
to	O
tell	O
if	O
it	O
works	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
call	O
Gore	B-PERSON
's	O
plan	O
an	O
empty	O
promise	O
.	O


Why	O
?	O


Because	O
they	O
say	O
Gore	B-PERSON
does	O
not	O
require	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
annual	B-DATE
student	O
testing	O
needed	O
to	O
tell	O
whether	O
a	O
school	O
is	O
failing	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
simply	O
not	O
as	O
much	O
there	O
as	O
Vice	O
President	O
Gore	B-PERSON
is	O
pretending	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
really	O
more	O
rhetoric	O
than	O
substance	O
.	O


Most	O
misleading	O
of	O
all	O
,	O
experts	O
say	O
,	O
is	O
each	O
candidate	O
's	O
claim	O
that	O
his	O
plan	O
can	O
dramatically	O
improve	O
public	O
education	O
.	O


Because	O
federal	O
money	O
accounts	O
for	O
only	B-PERCENT
7	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
school	O
funding	O
,	O
experts	O
say	O
any	O
President	O
can	O
help	O
only	O
at	O
the	O
margins	O
.	O


Lisa	B-PERSON
Myers	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
,	O
Louis	B-PERSON
Freeh	I-PERSON
,	O
is	O
headed	O
for	O
Yemen	B-GPE
to	O
personally	O
supervise	O
the	O
investigation	O
into	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
,	O
''	O
and	O
some	O
progress	O
is	O
being	O
made	O
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
is	O
at	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
with	O
the	O
latest	O
for	O
us	O
now	O
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
,	O
investigators	O
tonight	O
are	O
still	O
trying	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
exactly	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
explosive	O
could	O
cause	O
such	O
devastating	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


They	O
're	O
focusing	O
on	O
an	O
abandoned	O
apartment	O
where	O
bomb	O
-	O
making	O
materials	O
were	O
found	O
,	O
but	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Yemen	B-GPE
President	O
claims	O
that	O
the	O
explosive	O
found	O
could	O
only	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
or	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
implying	O
that	O
the	O
materials	O
or	O
the	O
weapon	O
itself	O
were	O
Western	B-NORP
-	O
made	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
military	O
and	O
intelligence	O
officials	O
can	O
not	O
confirm	O
his	O
claim	O
.	O


Authorities	O
also	O
discovered	O
two	O
Yemen	B-GPE
passports	O
,	O
but	O
quickly	O
determined	O
they	O
were	O
fakes	O
,	O
not	O
surprising	O
to	O
one	O
U.S.	B-GPE
official	O
,	O
who	O
said	O
everything	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
's	O
terrorist	O
underground	O
is	O
a	O
forgery	O
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
?	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
at	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
tonight	O
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
tonight	B-TIME
are	O
assessing	O
new	O
threats	O
made	O
against	O
American	B-NORP
warships	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


This	O
latest	O
threat	O
calls	O
for	O
more	O
terrorist	O
bombings	O
like	O
that	O
against	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
,	O
''	O
,	O
''	O
but	O
specifically	O
targets	O
American	B-NORP
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
ships	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
Suez	I-FAC
Canal	I-FAC
.	O


It	O
comes	O
from	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
militant	O
Rifai	B-PERSON
Ahmed	I-PERSON
Taha	I-PERSON
,	O
seen	O
here	O
with	O
terrorist	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
in	O
a	O
video	O
tape	O
that	O
threatens	O
attacks	O
on	O
Americans	B-NORP
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
released	O
only	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
is	O
hit	O
.	O


Why	O
Yemen	O
?	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
on	O
Capitol	B-LOC
Hill	I-LOC
,	O
lawmakers	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
why	O
U.S.	B-GPE
warships	O
refuel	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
at	O
all	O
,	O
since	O
it	O
's	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
hotbed	O
of	O
terrorism	O
.	O


Retired	O
Marine	B-ORG
Corps	I-ORG
General	O
Anthony	B-PERSON
Zinni	I-PERSON
said	O
he	O
made	O
the	O
decision	O
to	O
improve	O
military	O
ties	O
with	O
Yemen	B-GPE
and	O
because	O
--	O
the	O
threat	O
conditions	O
in	O
Aden	B-GPE
the	O
specific	O
threat	O
conditions	O
were	O
actually	O
better	O
than	O
anywhere	O
else	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
State	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
report	O
says	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
35	B-CARDINAL
significant	O
terrorist	O
incidents	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Yemen	B-GPE
is	O
one	O
of	O
only	B-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
countries	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
where	O
terrorist	O
attacks	O
against	O
Americans	B-NORP
have	O
increased	O
--	O
52	O
%	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
sort	O
of	O
like	O
the	O
Wild	O
,	O
Wild	O
West	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
central	O
authority	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
launches	O
its	O
own	O
investigation	O
to	O
determine	O
what	O
,	O
if	O
anything	O
,	O
went	O
wrong	O
with	O
security	O
for	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


We	O
will	O
never	O
have	O
a	O
perfect	O
defense	O
against	O
terrorism	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
make	O
our	O
defenses	O
as	O
good	O
as	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
.	O


But	O
too	O
late	O
for	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


Tonight	B-TIME
,	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
has	O
finished	O
recovering	O
all	O
remains	O
of	O
the	O
17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
sneak	O
attack	O
.	O


Officials	O
here	O
knew	O
about	O
the	O
Bin	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
warning	O
before	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
was	O
attacked	O
.	O


The	O
threat	O
was	O
considered	O
so	O
nonspecific	O
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
warships	O
were	O
not	O
put	O
on	O
a	O
higher	O
state	O
of	O
alert	O
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
?	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
tonight	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
American	B-NORP
troops	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Persian	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
remain	O
on	O
a	O
very	O
high	O
state	O
of	O
alert	O
as	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
continue	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
what	O
they	O
call	O
a	O
very	O
specific	O
terrorist	O
threat	O
.	O


The	O
troops	O
are	O
stationed	O
in	O
Bahrain	B-GPE
and	O
Qatar	B-GPE
across	O
the	O
Arabian	B-NORP
peninsula	O
from	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
was	O
attacked	O
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
has	O
the	O
latest	O
from	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


Mik	B-PERSON
?	O


Tom	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
terrorist	O
plot	O
against	O
Americans	B-NORP
throughout	O
the	O
Persian	B-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
and	O
Mideast	B-LOC
may	O
be	O
much	O
bigger	O
than	O
first	O
feared	O
.	O


Heavily	O
armed	O
gunboats	O
circle	O
the	O
crippled	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
''	O
in	O
Aden	B-GPE
harbor	O
today	O
as	O
U.S.	B-GPE
forces	O
dig	O
in	O
against	O
more	O
possible	O
terrorist	O
attacks	O
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
has	O
learned	O
that	O
U.S.	B-GPE
intelligence	O
reports	O
uncover	O
plans	O
for	O
three	B-CARDINAL
seperate	O
attacks	O
against	O
American	B-NORP
targets	O
in	O
the	O
Persian	B-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
and	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
specifically	O
a	O
U.S.	B-GPE
warship	O
,	O
a	O
military	O
base	O
and	O
an	O
embassy	O
.	O


In	O
response	O
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
troops	O
in	O
Bahrain	B-GPE
and	O
Qatar	B-GPE
are	O
put	O
on	O
the	O
highest	O
state	O
of	O
alert	O
--	O
threatcon	O
delta	O
.	O


Adm.	O
Craig	B-PERSON
Quigley	I-PERSON
,	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
spokesman	O
:	O
We	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
simply	O
the	O
prudent	O
thing	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
that	O
higher	O
threat	O
condition	O
in	O
those	O
two	B-CARDINAL
specific	O
areas	O
.	O


American	B-NORP
forces	O
at	O
Incirlik	B-GPE
in	O
Turkey	B-GPE
and	O
in	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
are	O
also	O
targeted	O
and	O
on	O
alert	O
tonight	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
embassies	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
and	O
Jakarta	B-GPE
,	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
,	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
miles	I-CARDINAL
away	O
,	O
are	O
closed	O
as	O
a	O
precaution	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
how	O
did	O
the	O
suicide	O
bombers	O
penetrate	O
security	O
on	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


Raymond	B-PERSON
Moonie	I-PERSON
was	O
on	O
the	O
deck	O
and	O
injured	O
in	O
the	O
blast	O
.	O


I	O
waved	O
on	O
to	O
them	O
because	O
I	O
thought	O
,	O
Hey	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
friendly	O
.	O


The	O
entire	O
operation	O
fits	O
the	O
pattern	O
of	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
who	O
had	O
already	O
carried	O
out	O
attacks	O
against	O
American	B-NORP
targets	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
senior	O
official	O
is	O
so	O
certain	O
they	O
'll	O
find	O
the	O
smoking	O
gun	O
that	O
points	O
to	O
Bin	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
,	O
he	O
says	O
they	O
're	O
already	O
looking	O
at	O
all	O
the	O
options	O
,	O
possible	O
missile	O
strikes	O
or	O
even	O
some	O
military	O
operation	O
to	O
take	O
Bin	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
into	O
custody	O
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
?	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
,	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Good	O
evening	B-TIME
.	O


There	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
national	O
poll	O
in	O
the	O
race	O
between	O
Vice	O
President	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
and	O
Governor	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
that	O
shows	O
a	O
clear	O
advantage	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
or	O
the	O
other	O
with	O
two	B-CARDINAL
weekends	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
MSNBC	B-ORG
/	O
Reuters	B-ORG
tracking	O
poll	O
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
is	O
hanging	O
onto	O
a	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
point	O
lead	O
over	O
Bush	B-PERSON
for	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
row	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
all	O
these	O
polls	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
important	O
to	O
point	O
out	O
,	O
are	O
within	O
a	O
margin	O
of	O
error	O
that	O
could	O
flip	O
the	O
results	O
.	O


What	O
they	O
're	O
really	O
telling	O
us	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
race	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
dead	O
heat	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
time	O
running	O
short	O
,	O
the	O
final	O
strategies	O
are	O
taking	O
a	O
sharper	O
form	O
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
's	O
David	B-PERSON
Gregory	I-PERSON
is	O
with	O
the	O
governor	O
again	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
Claire	B-PERSON
Shipman	I-PERSON
with	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
.	O


Claire	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Gore	B-PERSON
campaign	O
worried	O
about	O
Ralph	B-PERSON
Nader	I-PERSON
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
greening	O
of	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
today	B-DATE
--	O


His	O
environmental	O
message	O
has	O
n't	O
always	O
been	O
a	O
priority	O
on	O
the	O
campaign	O
trail	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
,	O
with	O
fears	O
of	O
Ralph	B-PERSON
Nader	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
growing	O
support	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
critical	O
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
,	O
today	B-DATE
hopscotching	O
across	O
the	O
Midwest	B-LOC
,	O
reminding	O
voters	O
of	O
his	O
environmentalist	O
credentials	O
.	O


Together	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
clean	O
up	O
the	O
environment	O
.	O


Seizing	O
on	O
a	O
new	O
U.N.	B-ORG
report	O
about	O
global	O
warming	O
,	O
he	O
pitches	O
his	O
message	O
in	O
diners	O
.	O


One	O
that	O
I	O
've	O
worked	O
on	O
a	O
lot	O
,	O
one	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
talk	O
about	O
,	O
is	O
global	O
warming	O
.	O


And	O
even	O
to	O
TV	O
personality	O
Queen	B-PERSON
Latifah	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
environment	O
is	O
at	O
stake	O
in	O
this	O
election	O
.	O


Why	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
message	O
that	O
appeals	O
to	O
those	O
critical	O
undecided	O
voters	O
and	O
especially	O
the	O
supporters	O
of	O
this	O
man	O
,	O
Ralph	B-PERSON
Nader	I-PERSON
.	O


Once	O
a	O
minor	O
distraction	O
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
aides	O
now	O
fear	O
Nader	B-PERSON
could	O
cost	O
them	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


How	O
much	O
can	O
Nader	B-PERSON
hurt	O
?	O


Take	O
Oregon	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
state	O
Gore	B-PERSON
was	O
counting	O
on	O
.	O


A	O
recent	O
poll	O
has	O
Bush	B-PERSON
at	O
45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
at	O
41	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
Nader	B-PERSON
at	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


In	O
traditionally	O
Democratic	B-NORP
Minnesota	B-GPE
,	O
Bush	B-PERSON
has	O
44	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
41	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
Nader	B-PERSON
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Here	O
in	O
Wisconsin	B-GPE
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
has	O
an	O
edge	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
poll	O
,	O
Bush	B-PERSON
in	O
another	O
.	O


Nader	B-PERSON
remains	O
steady	O
at	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Those	O
statistics	O
have	O
Democrats	B-NORP
cranking	O
up	O
the	O
heat	O
on	O
Nader	B-PERSON
supporters	O
.	O


Former	O
Gore	B-PERSON
rival	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Bradley	I-PERSON
,	O
on	O
the	O
stump	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
State	I-GPE
.	O


Pro-choice	O
organizations	O
are	O
spending	O
big	O
money	O
for	O
ads	O
like	O
this	O
one	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
case	O
that	O
a	O
vote	O
for	O
Nader	B-PERSON
could	O
mean	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
a	O
woman	O
's	O
right	O
to	O
choose	O
.	O


Before	O
voting	O
Nader	B-PERSON
,	O
consider	O
the	O
risk	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
your	O
choice	O
.	O


Environmental	O
groups	O
are	O
also	O
getting	O
involved	O
.	O


Some	O
prominent	O
Democrats	B-NORP
are	O
thinking	O
about	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
page	O
ad	O
in	O
``	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
,	O
''	O
and	O
look	O
for	O
states	O
like	O
Oregon	B-GPE
and	O
Minnesota	B-GPE
to	O
figure	O
prominently	O
on	O
Gore	B-PERSON
's	O
travel	O
schedule	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
final	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
?	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Claire	B-PERSON
Shipman	I-PERSON
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


As	O
for	O
Governor	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
he	O
had	O
some	O
high	O
-	O
powered	O
help	O
today	B-DATE
on	O
the	O
campaign	O
trail	O
and	O
a	O
more	O
pointed	O
commentary	O
on	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
's	O
David	B-PERSON
Gregory	I-PERSON
with	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
in	O
Pittsburgh	B-GPE
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
,	O
making	O
it	O
abundantly	O
clear	O
that	O
the	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
/	O
Gore	B-PERSON
scandals	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
will	O
be	O
a	O
major	O
theme	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
closing	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
this	O
campaign	O
,	O
Bush	B-PERSON
attacks	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
for	O
being	O
a	O
failed	O
leader	O
and	O
promises	O
if	O
he	O
's	O
elected	O
Americans	B-NORP
will	O
once	O
again	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
respect	O
their	O
government	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
campaigns	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
this	O
tough	O
battleground	O
state	O
alongside	O
the	O
popular	O
retired	O
general	O
Colin	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
and	O
again	O
hints	O
strongly	O
Powell	B-PERSON
will	O
be	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
his	O
cabinet	O
if	O
elected	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
's	O
address	O
focuses	O
on	O
``	O
responsible	O
leadership	O
''	O
and	O
how	O
on	O
issues	O
like	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
and	O
Medicare	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
/	O
Gore	B-PERSON
administration	O
has	O
failed	O
to	O
pr	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
going	O
out	O
as	O
they	O
came	O
in	O
--	O
their	O
guide	O
,	O
the	O
nightly	B-TIME
polls	O
,	O
their	O
goal	O
,	O
the	O
morning	B-TIME
headlines	O
,	O
their	O
legacy	O
,	O
the	O
fruitless	O
search	O
for	O
a	O
legacy	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
race	O
so	O
tight	O
,	O
advisers	O
are	O
hunkered	O
down	O
trying	O
to	O
for	O
the	O
final	O
push	O
,	O
plotting	O
out	O
the	O
final	O
push	O
that	O
,	O
aides	O
say	O
,	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
include	O
visits	O
to	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
different	O
states	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
carried	O
the	O
last	O
two	B-CARDINAL
elections	O
.	O


Tom	O
?	O


David	B-PERSON
Gregory	I-PERSON
tonight	B-TIME
with	O
Governor	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
not	O
with	O
Vice	O
President	O
Gore	B-PERSON
,	O
obviously	O
.	O


From	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
tonight	B-TIME
there	O
's	O
word	O
from	O
Yemen	B-GPE
that	O
security	O
has	O
been	O
beefed	O
up	O
around	O
the	O
hotel	O
where	O
Americans	B-NORP
investigating	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
are	O
staying	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
truck	O
bomb	O
threat	O
.	O


This	O
as	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
said	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
the	O
military	O
is	O
reviewing	O
force	O
protection	O
measures	O
worldwide	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
that	O
incident	O
involving	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


A	O
spokesman	O
said	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
security	O
for	O
U.S.	B-GPE
troops	O
is	O
a	O
concern	O
not	O
just	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
but	O
everywhere	O
,	O
including	O
here	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


From	O
Russia	B-GPE
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
word	O
of	O
a	O
shocking	O
discovery	O
from	O
the	O
wreckage	O
of	O
that	O
Russian	B-NORP
submarine	O
.	O


More	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
after	O
a	O
deadly	O
explosion	O
buried	O
the	O
``	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
''	O
in	O
the	O
cold	O
waters	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Barents	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
,	O
a	O
letter	O
has	O
surfaced	O
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
has	O
the	O
latest	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
ten	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
after	O
a	O
mysterious	O
accident	O
sent	O
the	O
``	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
''	O
to	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Barents	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
,	O
a	O
grisly	O
discovery	O
--	O


Norwegian	B-NORP
and	O
Russian	B-NORP
divers	O
cut	O
through	O
the	O
hull	O
to	O
find	O
four	B-CARDINAL
bodies	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
pocket	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
crew	O
,	O
a	O
handwritten	O
note	O
,	O
the	O
dying	O
words	O
of	O
a	O
sailor	O
who	O
was	O
trapped	O
alive	O
in	O
the	O
sunken	O
sub	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
Lieutenant	O
-	O
captain	O
Dmitry	B-PERSON
Koleskinov	I-PERSON
,	O
seen	O
here	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
aboard	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
,	O
but	O
his	O
last	O
words	O
tell	O
a	O
chilling	O
tale	O
of	O
a	O
desperate	O
,	O
but	O
futile	O
attempt	O
to	O
escape	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
it	O
now	O
appears	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
23	I-CARDINAL
crew	O
members	O
survived	O
the	O
initial	O
explosions	O
that	O
quickly	O
filled	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
five	B-CARDINAL
compartments	O
with	O
water	O
,	O
killing	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
118	B-CARDINAL
-	O
man	O
crew	O
instantly	O
.	O


The	O
23	B-CARDINAL
frantically	O
scramble	O
to	O
the	O
rear	O
of	O
the	O
sub	O
.	O


They	O
find	O
the	O
escape	O
hatch	O
flooded	O
and	O
seal	O
themselves	O
into	O
compartment	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Then	O
,	O
in	O
total	O
darkness	O
and	O
frigid	O
cold	O
,	O
Koleskinov	B-PERSON
realizing	O
he	O
will	O
die	O
begins	O
to	O
write	O
--	O


Koleskinov	B-PERSON
addressed	O
the	O
letter	O
to	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
Olga	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
's	O
my	O
dear	O
,	O
dear	O
beloved	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
again	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
read	O
his	O
letter	O
.	O


The	O
chilling	O
account	O
raises	O
new	O
questions	O
and	O
criticism	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Russian	I-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
waited	O
several	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
before	O
attempting	O
to	O
launch	O
a	O
rescue	O
mission	O
,	O
but	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
officials	O
here	O
at	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
believe	O
any	O
rescue	O
mission	O
would	O
have	O
failed	O
,	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
really	O
no	O
hope	O
for	O
those	O
23	B-CARDINAL
survivors	O
.	O


With	O
no	O
power	O
,	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
300	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
down	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
believed	O
any	O
survivors	O
would	O
have	O
frozen	O
to	O
death	O
within	O
hours	B-TIME
,	O
well	O
before	O
they	O
ran	O
out	O
of	O
air	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
of	O
little	O
consolation	O
to	O
the	O
families	O
who	O
today	B-DATE
hear	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
and	O
what	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
final	O
words	O
of	O
the	O
doomed	O
crew	O
of	O
the	O
``	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


The	O
new	O
democratic	O
government	O
of	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
was	O
readmitted	O
to	O
the	O
U.N.	B-ORG
after	O
being	O
ostracized	O
for	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
while	O
under	O
the	O
rule	O
of	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
's	O
now	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
U.N	B-ORG
.	O


An	O
emotional	O
homecoming	O
tonight	B-TIME
for	O
the	O
surviving	O
crew	O
members	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


Hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
friends	O
and	O
family	O
members	O
greeted	O
them	O
today	B-DATE
as	O
they	O
arrived	O
in	O
Norfolk	B-GPE
,	O
Virginia	B-GPE
.	O


17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
were	O
killed	O
,	O
39	B-CARDINAL
others	O
injured	O
,	O
when	O
that	O
terror	O
bomb	O
hit	O
their	O
ship	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
Yemen	B-GPE
tonightttt	B-TIME
,	O
four	B-CARDINAL
men	O
are	O
being	O
questioned	O
about	O
their	O
possible	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


The	O
four	B-CARDINAL
,	O
all	O
Yemenis	B-NORP
,	O
were	O
picked	O
up	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
by	O
that	O
country	O
's	O
police	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
describe	O
them	O
as	O
``	O
serious	O
suspects	O
,	O
''	O
who	O
were	O
in	O
touch	O
with	O
the	O
suicide	O
bombers	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
October	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE
bombing	O
.	O


The	O
FBI	B-ORG
has	O
not	O
yet	O
questioned	O
them	O
,	O
however	O
.	O


Now	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
face	O
and	O
shape	O
of	O
Congress	B-ORG
.	O


Republicans	B-NORP
are	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
majority	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
election	O
has	O
eaten	O
away	O
at	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
that	O
majority	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Representatives	I-ORG
,	O
Democrats	B-NORP
are	O
likely	O
to	O
pick	O
up	O
two	B-CARDINAL
seats	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
,	O
there	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
historic	O
shift	O
in	O
the	O
balance	O
of	O
power	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
Myers	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
first	B-ORDINAL
lady	O
ever	O
elected	O
to	O
public	O
office	O
--	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
becomes	O
an	O
instant	O
celebrity	O
in	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
,	O
serving	O
alongside	O
Republicans	B-NORP
who	O
tried	O
to	O
convict	O
her	O
husband	O
during	O
impeachment	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
will	O
get	O
a	O
very	O
positive	O
reception	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
worked	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
members	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


Today	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
's	O
top	O
Republican	B-NORP
offers	O
an	O
olive	O
branch	O
and	O
some	O
advice	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
wise	O
for	O
her	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
little	O
time	O
maybe	O
to	O
just	O
observe	O
things	O
and	O
get	O
used	O
to	O
the	O
process	O
and	O
not	O
try	O
to	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
assert	O
too	O
aggressively	O
her	O
obvious	O
celebrity	O
status	O
.	O


Otherwise	O
,	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
shell	O
-	O
shocked	O
Republican	B-NORP
senators	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
stunned	O
after	O
losing	O
a	O
net	O
three	B-CARDINAL
and	O
probably	O
four	B-CARDINAL
seats	O
.	O


The	O
casualties	O
--	O
Roth	B-PERSON
of	O
Delaware	B-GPE
,	O
Abraham	B-PERSON
of	O
Michigan	B-GPE
,	O
Grams	B-PERSON
of	O
Minnesota	B-GPE
,	O
perhaps	O
Gorton	B-PERSON
of	O
Washington	B-GPE
--	O
though	O
that	O
's	O
still	O
too	O
close	O
to	O
call	O
--	O
and	O
Ashcroft	B-PERSON
of	O
Missouri	B-GPE
.	O


Ashcroft	B-PERSON
lost	O
to	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
dead	O
man	O
ever	O
elected	O
to	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
,	O
former	O
Governor	O
Mel	B-PERSON
Carnahan	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
perished	O
in	O
a	O
plane	O
crash	O
and	O
whose	O
wife	O
will	O
be	O
appointed	O
to	O
his	O
seat	O
.	O


Missouri	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
compassionate	O
state	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
in	O
a	O
very	O
special	O
way	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
compassion	O
which	O
they	O
have	O
.	O


The	O
strong	O
likelihood	O
of	O
a	O
50	O
/	O
50	B-CARDINAL
tie	O
in	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
would	O
be	O
unprecedented	O
,	O
sent	O
historians	O
and	O
parliamentarians	O
scrambling	O
for	O
answers	O
.	O


If	O
Bush	B-PERSON
wins	O
,	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Vice	O
President	O
,	O
would	O
break	O
ties	O
in	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
.	O


If	O
Gore	B-PERSON
wins	O
,	O
Lieberman	B-PERSON
would	O
resign	O
his	O
Senate	B-ORG
seat	O
and	O
almost	O
certainly	O
be	O
replaced	O
by	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
,	O
appointed	O
by	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
's	O
Republican	B-NORP
governor	O
.	O


That	O
would	O
give	O
Republicans	B-NORP
a	O
51	B-CARDINAL
majority	O
.	O


Either	O
way	O
,	O
every	O
vote	O
is	O
critical	O
every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
jokingly	O
said	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
person	O
in	O
the	O
Capitol	B-FAC
is	O
the	O
Capitol	B-FAC
physician	O
,	O
making	O
sure	O
he	O
takes	O
the	O
pulse	O
of	O
every	O
senator	O
every	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


Today	O
,	O
Democrats	B-NORP
demand	O
more	O
power	O
,	O
reflecting	O
their	O
new	O
equal	O
numbers	O
.	O


We	O
recognize	O
and	O
I	O
hope	O
they	O
recognize	O
that	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
that	O
Congress	B-ORG
will	O
accomplish	O
anything	O
is	O
through	O
bipartisanship	O
.	O


The	O
sharply	O
divided	O
Congress	B-ORG
only	O
complicates	O
the	O
task	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
Prez	O
.	O


Whether	O
it	O
's	O
Bush	B-PERSON
or	O
Gore	B-PERSON
,	O
many	O
here	O
say	O
he	O
may	O
quickly	O
find	O
that	O
getting	O
elected	O
was	O
the	O
easy	O
part	O
.	O


Lisa	B-PERSON
Myers	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Capitol	B-FAC
.	O


There	O
is	O
other	O
news	O
tonight	O
.	O


A	O
breakthrough	O
in	O
the	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


More	O
on	O
that	O
from	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
at	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
with	O
an	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
exclusive	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
?	O


Tom	B-PERSON
,	O
in	O
a	O
major	O
development	O
senior	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
tell	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Yemen	B-GPE
authorities	O
are	O
holding	O
two	B-CARDINAL
suspects	O
believed	O
directly	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
``	I-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
and	O
that	O
at	O
least	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
suspects	O
is	O
``	O
key	O
to	O
the	O
operation	O
,	O
and	O
talking	O
his	O
head	O
off	O
.	O
''	O


U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
report	O
the	O
suspect	O
is	O
providing	O
explicit	O
details	O
how	O
the	O
attack	O
was	O
planned	O
for	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
then	O
executed	O
with	O
deadly	O
precision	O
,	O
how	O
one	B-CARDINAL
safe	O
house	O
and	O
the	O
suicide	O
boat	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
attack	O
were	O
acquired	O
months	B-DATE
before	O
the	O
attack	O
,	O
that	O
two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
suspects	O
,	O
an	O
explosives	O
expert	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
another	O
perhaps	O
a	O
Saudi	B-NORP
,	O
supervised	O
the	O
operation	O
then	O
left	O
Aden	B-GPE
before	O
the	O
bombing	O
.	O


The	O
suspect	O
also	O
claims	O
they	O
got	O
help	O
from	O
low	O
-	O
level	O
Yemen	B-GPE
officials	O
in	O
forging	O
documents	O
,	O
obtaining	O
vehicles	O
,	O
and	O
concealing	O
their	O
operation	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
's	O
apparently	O
no	O
evidence	O
the	O
Yemen	B-GPE
government	O
itself	O
was	O
involved	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
despite	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
sources	O
say	O
the	O
suspect	O
still	O
has	O
n't	O
named	O
those	O
behind	O
the	O
terrorist	O
operation	O
but	O
with	O
this	O
breakthrough	O
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
are	O
increasingly	O
confident	O
they	O
'll	O
soon	O
know	O
who	O
specifically	O
gave	O
the	O
orders	O
to	O
attack	O
the	O
``	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
.	O
''	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
staying	O
on	O
this	O
story	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Claire	B-PERSON
Shipman	I-PERSON
now	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
Vice	I-DATE
President	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
back	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Claire	B-PERSON
?	O


Sources	O
tell	O
us	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
has	O
not	O
made	O
up	O
his	O
mind	O
how	O
far	O
he	O
will	O
push	O
the	O
effort	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


they	O
say	O
they	O
still	O
think	O
they	O
could	O
win	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
courts	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
told	O
that	O
decision	O
is	O
not	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
until	O
November	B-DATE
17th	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
final	O
tally	O
is	O
in	O
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
,	O
in	O
a	O
deliberate	O
attempt	O
to	O
publicly	O
relax	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
tension	O
of	O
the	O
highest	O
order	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
win	O
this	O
game	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
ahead	O
6	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
'm	O
very	O
optimistic	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
touch	O
football	O
game	O
.	O


Sources	O
say	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
team	O
are	O
also	O
still	O
optimistic	O
about	O
a	O
win	O
in	O
the	O
recount	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
believe	O
a	O
manual	O
count	O
will	O
turn	O
up	O
mistakes	O
in	O
Gore	B-PERSON
's	O
favor	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
Gore	B-PERSON
Florida	B-GPE
team	O
today	B-DATE
asserting	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
work	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
before	O
naming	O
the	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
all	O
Americans	B-NORP
agree	O
the	O
will	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
not	O
a	O
computer	O
glitch	O
should	O
select	O
our	O
next	O
President	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
pledged	O
ourselves	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
rhetoric	O
as	O
low	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
situation	O
,	O
and	O
try	O
to	O
carry	O
it	O
out	O
in	O
a	O
professional	O
way	O
.	O


Why	O
?	O


As	O
Gore	B-PERSON
considers	O
his	O
options	O
with	O
his	O
family	O
,	O
advisers	O
say	O
he	O
and	O
the	O
campaign	O
realize	O
they	O
are	O
operating	O
on	O
two	B-CARDINAL
distinct	O
and	O
delicate	O
tracts	O
--	O
legal	O
,	O
which	O
they	O
will	O
pursue	O
to	O
keep	O
options	O
open	O
,	O
and	O
political	O
,	O
which	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
watch	O
carefully	O
as	O
they	O
feel	O
mounting	O
pressure	O
.	O


Friends	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
was	O
so	O
quick	O
to	O
concede	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
to	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
when	O
he	O
thought	O
he	O
lost	O
and	O
who	O
told	O
aides	O
,	O
``	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
right	O
,	O
''	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
politician	O
who	O
would	O
insist	O
on	O
a	O
long	O
,	O
damaging	O
legal	O
process	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
determined	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
going	O
to	O
court	O
would	O
mean	O
.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
called	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
today	B-DATE
to	O
talk	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
less	O
to	O
offer	O
advice	O
than	O
support	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
friends	O
tell	O
us	O
tonight	B-TIME
that	O
Gore	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
family	O
are	O
also	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
--	O


They	O
believe	O
depending	O
on	O
what	O
happens	O
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
has	O
a	O
strong	O
platform	O
right	O
now	O
from	O
which	O
to	O
launch	O
a	O
presidential	O
bid	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
had	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
calculation	O
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
?	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
,	O
Claire	B-PERSON
Shipman	I-PERSON
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


While	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
campaigns	O
struggle	O
over	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
,	O
tomorrow	O
,	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
high	O
profile	O
ceremony	O
will	O
be	O
held	O
on	O
the	O
Mall	B-FAC
to	O
mark	O
the	O
overdue	O
beginning	O
of	O
a	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
memorial	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
even	O
that	O
moment	O
is	O
without	O
controversy	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
.	O


In	O
Washington	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
preparations	O
for	O
a	O
Veterans	B-DATE
Day	I-DATE
tribute	O
,	O
many	O
believe	O
is	O
long	O
overdue	O
.	O


Tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
55	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
America	B-GPE
defeated	O
Germany	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
groundbreaking	O
on	O
the	B-FAC
National	I-FAC
Mall	I-FAC
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
ever	O
national	O
memorial	O
to	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
.	O


Navy	B-ORG
vet	O
and	O
chairman	O
Hayden	B-PERSON
Wiiams	I-PERSON
calling	O
it	O
a	O
fitting	O
legacy	O
to	O
the	O
16	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Americans	B-NORP
who	O
served	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
fighting	O
for	O
freedom	O
,	O
not	O
only	O
for	O
us	O
but	O
for	O
others	O
.	O


At	O
$	B-MONEY
141	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
mostly	O
private	O
donations	O
,	O
the	O
monument	O
will	O
feature	O
pillars	O
that	O
form	O
an	O
open	O
circle	O
.	O


Gold	O
stars	O
will	O
commemorate	O
the	O
400,000	B-CARDINAL
Americans	B-NORP
killed	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
,	O
but	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
nothing	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
comes	O
easy	O
.	O


The	O
planning	O
alone	O
for	O
this	O
memorial	O
has	O
lasted	O
longer	O
than	O
it	O
took	O
to	O
win	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
,	O
and	O
now	O
,	O
the	O
monument	O
itself	O
is	O
caught	O
up	O
in	O
controversy	O
.	O


Not	O
whether	O
to	O
build	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
where	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
wrong	O
site	O
.	O


A	O
small	O
group	O
of	O
protesters	O
has	O
filed	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
to	O
move	O
the	O
memorial	O
off	O
the	O
present	O
sight	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
an	O
absolute	O
intrusion	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Graves	I-PERSON
fought	O
the	O
Nazis	B-NORP
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Battle	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
the	I-EVENT
Bulge	I-EVENT
and	O
believes	O
the	O
new	O
memorial	O
would	O
detract	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
monuments	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
not	O
want	O
our	O
legacy	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
controversy	O
.	O


Other	O
vets	O
however	O
,	O
like	O
former	O
senator	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Dole	I-PERSON
,	O
say	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
right	O
place	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
about	O
time	O
.	O


there	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
any	O
sight	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
controversy	O
sounds	O
all	O
too	O
familiar	O
.	O


Partisan	O
bickering	O
,	O
public	O
protests	O
,	O
even	O
lawsuits	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
America	B-GPE
is	O
all	O
about	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
why	O
America	B-GPE
now	O
remembers	O
those	O
who	O
fought	O
and	O
won	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
Miklaszewski	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Vice	O
President	O
Gore	B-PERSON
and	O
Governor	O
Bush	B-PERSON
spent	O
this	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
with	O
their	O
families	O
,	O
dispatching	O
their	O
deputies	O
to	O
score	O
points	O
on	O
the	O
Sunday	B-DATE
morning	B-TIME
interview	O
shows	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Chip	B-PERSON
Reid	I-PERSON
.	O


Arriving	O
at	O
church	O
with	O
his	O
family	O
Sunday	B-DATE
--	O


Good	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	I-TIME


Hope	O
you	O
all	O
have	O
a	B-DATE
nice	I-DATE
Sunday	I-DATE
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
continued	O
to	O
refuse	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
erecognize	O
torl	O
battle	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
leaving	O
it	O
to	O
his	O
point	O
men	O
,	O
William	B-PERSON
Daley	I-PERSON
and	O
Warren	B-PERSON
Christopher	I-PERSON
to	O
defend	O
the	O
controversial	O
hand	O
recounts	O
now	O
under	O
way	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
procedure	O
called	O
for	O
by	O
Florida	B-GPE
law	O
.	O


Florida	B-GPE
law	O
provides	O
for	O
an	O
opportunity	O
for	O
hand	O
counts	O
to	O
check	O
machine	O
counts	O
.	O


Christopher	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
recounts	O
should	O
be	O
completed	O
within	O
a	B-DATE
matter	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
and	O
at	O
that	O
point	O
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
campaign	O
sources	O
contend	O
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
will	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
lead	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
and	O
on	O
track	O
to	O
win	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
Governor	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
spent	O
the	O
day	O
out	O
of	O
public	O
view	O
,	O
behind	O
the	O
gate	O
of	O
his	O
ranch	O
in	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
while	O
his	O
point	O
man	O
,	O
James	B-PERSON
Baker	I-PERSON
appeared	O
on	O
five	O
network	O
talk	O
shows	O
arguing	O
vigorously	O
that	O
the	O
hand	O
recounts	O
are	O
improper	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
stopped	O
.	O


This	O
opens	O
up	O
tremendous	O
possibilities	O
for	O
human	O
error	O
and	O
indeed	O
it	O
opens	O
up	O
tremendous	O
possibilities	O
for	O
something	O
worse	O
than	O
human	O
error	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
mischief	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
advisers	O
say	O
if	O
they	O
lose	O
that	O
argument	O
in	O
court	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
they	O
may	O
appeal	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
they	O
lose	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
they	O
may	O
ask	O
for	O
recounts	O
in	O
other	O
states	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
filing	O
deadline	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
passed	O
and	O
where	O
the	O
vote	O
is	O
close	O
,	O
including	O
Iowa	B-GPE
and	O
Wisconsin	B-GPE
,	O
states	O
that	O
could	O
help	O
them	O
win	O
,	O
even	O
without	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
could	O
also	O
be	O
a	O
recount	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Mexico	I-GPE
,	O
where	O
the	O
race	O
is	O
a	O
virtual	O
tie	O
.	O


New	B-ORG
Mexico	I-ORG
State	I-ORG
Police	I-ORG
there	O
have	O
impounded	O
ballots	O
in	O
some	O
counties	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
no	O
one	O
tampers	O
with	O
them	O
before	O
any	O
possible	O
recount	O
.	O


The	O
Gore	B-PERSON
team	O
is	O
also	O
still	O
considering	O
other	O
options	O
,	O
including	O
going	O
to	O
court	O
if	O
the	O
hand	O
recount	O
does	O
not	O
give	O
them	O
the	O
lead	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
so	O
while	O
both	O
sides	O
say	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
move	O
as	O
expeditiously	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
both	O
are	O
considering	O
strategies	O
that	O
could	O
cause	O
this	O
fight	O
to	O
drag	O
on	O
for	O
weeks	B-DATE
.	O


Chip	B-PERSON
Reid	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
news	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
depth	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
tonight	B-TIME
--	O
air	O
delays	O
in	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
that	O
's	O
seen	O
more	O
than	O
ever	O
before	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
head	O
into	O
another	O
heavy	O
holiday	O
travel	O
period	O
,	O
delays	O
are	O
making	O
life	O
miserable	O
for	O
thousands	O
of	O
travelers	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
airport	O
more	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
is	O
Delay	O
Central	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
LaGuardia	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
.	O


A	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
were	O
3,100	B-CARDINAL
delayed	O
flights	O
at	O
La	B-FAC
Guardia	I-FAC
for	O
the	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
September	I-DATE
.	O


This	B-DATE
September	I-DATE
--	O
there	O
were	O
9,000	B-CARDINAL
,	O
almost	O
triple	O
the	O
delay	O
rate	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
at	O
this	O
busy	O
airport	O
,	O
and	O
why	O
is	O
it	O
affecting	O
travelers	O
all	O
around	O
the	O
country	O
?	O


That	O
was	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
a	O
congressional	O
hearing	O
today	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Hager	I-PERSON
,	O
``	O
in	B-WORK_OF_ART
depth	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


9:00	B-TIME
this	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
at	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
La	B-FAC
Guardia	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
weather	O
is	O
perfect	O
,	O
but	O
already	O
there	O
are	O
delays	O
,	O
a	O
long	O
line	O
waiting	O
to	O
take	O
off	O
.	O


La	B-FAC
Guardia	I-FAC
's	I-FAC
runways	O
can	O
handle	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
75	B-CARDINAL
takeoffs	O
and	O
landings	O
an	O
hour	O
,	O
but	O
between	O
8:00	B-TIME
and	O
9:00	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
each	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
airlines	O
schedule	O
93	B-CARDINAL
,	O
a	O
mathematical	O
impossibility	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
stays	O
that	O
way	O
nearly	O
all	O
day	O
long	O
.	O


In	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
La	B-FAC
Guardia	I-FAC
,	O
it	O
's	O
always	O
delayed	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
always	O
expect	O
to	O
be	O
delayed	O
and	O
to	O
have	O
extra	O
time	O
to	O
blow	O
at	O
the	O
airport	O
.	O


I	O
fly	O
almost	B-DATE
every	I-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
this	O
airport	O
is	O
one	O
I	O
least	O
like	O
to	O
come	O
in	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
.	O


Elsewhere	O
at	O
Delta	B-ORG
cancellations	O
because	O
of	O
labor	O
problems	O
with	O
pilots	O
are	O
so	O
bad	O
that	O
today	O
the	O
airline	O
announces	O
a	O
cutback	O
of	O
up	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
125	I-CARDINAL
flights	O
a	O
day	O
for	O
the	O
foreseeable	O
future	O
.	O


If	O
an	O
airline	O
is	O
having	O
problems	O
with	O
its	O
crew	O
or	O
labor	O
problems	O
,	O
you	O
probably	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
book	O
a	O
flight	O
on	O
that	O
airline	O
.	O


This	O
year	O
's	O
been	O
an	O
all	O
-	O
time	O
record	O
for	O
flight	O
delays	O
nationwide	O
.	O


1,500	B-CARDINAL
flights	O
every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
flying	O
late	O
now	O
,	O
55	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
more	O
than	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
100	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Instead	O
of	O
cutting	O
flights	O
,	O
Congress	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
government	O
recently	O
raised	O
the	O
limit	O
at	O
La	B-FAC
Guardia	I-FAC
,	O
and	O
airlines	O
rushed	O
in	O
,	O
adding	O
300	B-CARDINAL
more	O
flights	O
a	O
day	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
hearing	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
tempers	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
lawmakers	O
boiled	O
over	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
you	O
are	O
number	O
35	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Then	O
you	O
are	O
number	O
26	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Then	O
there	O
is	O
another	O
reason	O
.	O


We	O
get	O
a	O
different	O
excuse	O
every	B-TIME
15	I-TIME
or	I-TIME
20	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
.	O


When	O
the	O
plane	O
lands	O
,	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
find	O
a	O
gate	O
.	O


Just	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
in	O
an	O
admission	O
that	O
adding	O
flights	O
at	O
La	B-FAC
Guardia	I-FAC
may	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
mistake	O
,	O
the	O
FAA	B-ORG
makes	O
a	O
unique	O
attempt	O
to	O
offer	O
some	O
relief	O
--	O
an	O
unusual	O
lottery	O
mixing	O
up	O
the	O
names	O
of	O
airlines	O
in	O
a	O
bowl	O
and	O
drawing	O
to	O
see	O
which	O
of	O
the	O
newest	O
airlines	O
adding	O
flights	O
at	O
La	B-FAC
Guardia	I-FAC
get	O
to	O
stay	O
and	O
which	O
have	O
to	O
cut	O
back	O
.	O


American	B-ORG
Transair	I-ORG
,	O
Vanguard	B-ORG
,	O
Spirit	B-ORG
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
14	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
that	O
the	O
government	O
resorts	O
to	O
a	O
lottery	O
like	O
this	O
to	O
regulate	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
flights	O
at	O
an	O
airport	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
airlines	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
131	B-CARDINAL
flights	O
a	O
day	O
at	O
La	B-FAC
Guardia	I-FAC
by	O
February	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
sort	O
of	O
regulation	O
airlines	O
hate	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
delays	O
continue	O
to	O
grow	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
force	O
similar	O
moves	O
for	O
other	O
airports	O
in	O
a	O
desperate	O
effort	O
to	O
ease	O
the	O
gridlock	O
with	O
no	O
other	O
ready	O
solution	O
in	O
sight	O
.	O


Washington	B-GPE
.	O


And	O
on	O
Capitol	B-LOC
Hill	I-LOC
tonight	O
,	O
no	O
signs	O
that	O
the	O
close	O
margins	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
have	O
mellowed	O
Republican	B-NORP
Majority	O
Whip	O
Tom	B-PERSON
DeLay	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
warned	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
to	O
give	O
up	O
on	O
finishing	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
federal	O
budget	O
and	O
freeze	O
spending	O
at	O
current	O
levels	O
or	O
face	O
another	O
potential	O
government	O
shutdown	O
.	O


DeLay	B-PERSON
also	O
said	O
he	O
's	O
been	O
waiting	O
for	O
22	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
for	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
House	B-ORG
and	O
a	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
and	O
he	O
promised	O
the	O
GOP	B-ORG
agenda	O
would	O
get	O
through	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
ban	O
on	O
late	O
-	O
term	O
abortions	O
.	O


Even	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
growth	O
in	O
online	O
shopping	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
this	B-DATE
Christmas	I-DATE
could	O
be	O
the	O
last	O
one	B-CARDINAL
for	O
many	O
dotcom	O
retailers	O
.	O


With	O
our	O
ongoing	O
inside	O
look	O
at	O
eToys	B-ORG
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
symbols	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
economy	O
,	O
we	O
continue	O
``	O
in	O
depth	O
''	O
tonight	B-TIME
with	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Anne	B-PERSON
Thompson	I-PERSON
.	O


`T	O
is	O
the	B-DATE
season	I-DATE
to	O
send	O
Americans	B-NORP
shipping	O
--	O
190	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
packages	O
between	O
Thanksgiving	B-DATE
and	O
Christmas	B-DATE
,	O
many	O
purchased	O
online	O
,	O
but	O
internet	O
retailers	O
,	O
once	O
a	O
force	O
behind	O
the	O
boom	O
,	O
now	O
fighting	O
for	O
their	O
very	O
survival	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
say	O
the	O
one	O
to	O
watch	O
is	O
eToys	B-ORG
.	O


EToys	B-ORG
is	O
in	O
a	O
very	O
precarious	O
position	O
,	O
this	B-DATE
holiday	I-DATE
season	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
time	O
dotCom	O
wunderkind	O
,	O
4	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
and	O
still	O
losing	O
money	O
this	O
season	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
steady	O
itself	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
delivery	O
system	O
.	O


How	O
does	O
a	O
toy	O
go	O
from	O
your	O
computer	O
screen	O
to	O
your	O
Christmas	O
tree	O
?	O


To	O
find	O
out	O
,	O
we	O
ordered	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
season	O
's	O
hottest	O
items	O
--	O
a	O
Razor	B-PRODUCT
scooter	O
.	O


The	O
order	O
went	O
from	O
Chicago	B-GPE
to	O
Ontario	B-GPE
,	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
it	O
is	O
processed	O
,	O
and	O
Suzanne	B-PERSON
Horsey	I-PERSON
picks	O
it	O
off	O
a	O
shelf	O
.	O


I	O
walk	O
up	O
and	O
down	O
these	O
aisles	O
probably	O
about	O
a	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
times	O
.	O


She	O
puts	O
it	O
on	O
a	O
cart	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
boxed	O
and	O
begins	O
a	O
half	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
trip	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
orders	O
each	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
this	O
one	B-CARDINAL
is	O
wrapped	O
packaged	O
,	O
labeled	O
and	O
,	O
four	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
later	I-TIME
,	O
shipped	O
.	O


Everybody	O
in	O
the	O
building	O
knows	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
playing	O
one	B-CARDINAL
game	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
speed	O
and	O
accuracy	O
.	O


In	O
financial	O
districts	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
different	O
game	O
.	O


EToys	B-ORG
needs	O
cash	O
.	O


With	O
only	O
enough	O
money	O
to	O
survive	O
,	O
analysts	O
say	O
,	O
until	O
Mid	O
,	O
it	O
needs	O
a	O
strong	O
holiday	O
to	O
revive	O
investors	O
'	O
confidence	O
.	O


Ken	B-PERSON
Cassar	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
tracks	O
these	O
businesses	O
,	O
says	O
eToys	B-ORG
'	O
hopes	O
of	O
doubling	O
its	O
holiday	O
sales	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
$	B-MONEY
240	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
is	O
a	O
difficult	O
task	O
in	O
this	O
economy	O
,	O
especially	O
when	O
online	O
sales	O
,	O
while	O
still	O
growing	O
quickly	O
,	O
will	O
only	O
increase	O
at	O
one-half	B-CARDINAL
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
rate	O
.	O


The	O
macroeconomic	O
picture	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
pretty	O
one	O
because	O
oil	O
prices	O
are	O
so	O
high	O
and	O
consumers	O
have	O
less	O
money	O
in	O
their	O
pocketbooks	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
are	O
spending	O
money	O
on	O
scooters	O
.	O


Our	O
scooter	O
is	O
driven	O
to	O
Denver	B-GPE
,	O
sorted	O
by	O
ZIP	O
code	O
and	O
then	O
loaded	O
to	O
another	O
truck	O
and	O
brought	O
to	O
Rainbow	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
children	O
's	O
charity	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
computer	O
to	O
the	O
Christmas	O
tree	O
,	O
and	O
happiness	O
for	O
a	O
child	O
.	O


EToys	B-ORG
,	O
an	O
economic	O
symbol	O
of	O
the	O
season	O
.	O


The	O
question	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
will	O
it	O
survive	O
to	O
help	O
play	O
Santa	B-PERSON
Claus	I-PERSON
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
?	O


Anne	B-PERSON
Thompson	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Chicago	B-GPE
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
In	I-WORK_OF_ART
Depth	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


Hillary	B-PERSON
Rodham	I-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
made	O
history	O
today	B-DATE
--	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
ever	O
First	O
Lady	O
to	O
be	O
elected	O
to	O
public	O
office	O
and	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
most	O
exclusive	O
club	O
--	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
.	O


After	O
spending	O
most	O
of	O
her	O
life	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
her	O
husband	O
's	O
political	O
career	O
,	O
watching	O
him	O
get	O
sworn	O
in	O
over	O
and	O
over	O
again	O
it	O
was	O
his	O
turn	O
today	B-DATE
to	O
watch	O
from	O
the	O
sidelines	O
as	O
she	O
took	O
the	O
oath	O
of	O
office	O
.	O


Our	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
In	I-WORK_OF_ART
Depth	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
report	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
from	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Andrea	B-PERSON
Mitchell	I-PERSON
.	O


She	O
is	O
first	B-ORDINAL
among	O
equals	O
,	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
First	O
Lady	O
politician	O
.	O


Will	O
you	O
raise	O
your	O
right	O
hand	O
--	O


97th	B-ORDINAL
in	O
seniority	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
the	O
oath	O
is	O
later	O
re-enacted	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
senators	O
,	O
she	O
jumps	O
to	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
line	O
,	O
even	O
ahead	O
of	O
Republican	B-NORP
leader	O
Trent	B-PERSON
Lott	I-PERSON
--	O


``	O
security	O
concerns	O
''	O
for	O
her	O
husband	O
,	O
officials	O
claim	O
.	O


For	O
this	O
political	O
wife	O
,	O
friends	O
say	O
,	O
a	O
dream	O
come	O
true	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
he	O
holds	O
the	O
Bible	B-WORK_OF_ART
for	O
her	O
,	O
trading	O
places	O
from	O
when	O
they	O
first	B-ORDINAL
came	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


From	O
the	O
health	O
care	O
fiasco	O
to	O
the	O
Monica	B-PERSON
humiliation	O
--	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
sexual	O
relations	O
with	O
that	O
woman	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
campaign	O
many	O
said	O
she	O
could	O
never	O
win	O
,	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
is	O
now	O
the	O
most	O
admired	O
woman	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
beating	O
Oprah	B-PERSON
by	O
a	O
landslide	O
in	O
the	O
latest	O
Gallup	B-ORG
poll	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
thrilled	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
more	O
proud	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
more	O
happy	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
very	O
grateful	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
she	O
will	O
do	O
them	O
proud	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
really	O
a	O
very	O
moving	O
moment	O
for	O
both	O
of	O
us	O
.	O


I	O
kept	O
looking	O
at	O
him	O
in	O
the	O
gallery	O
with	O
my	O
daughter	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
very	O
emotional	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
how	O
will	O
she	O
fit	O
in	O
among	O
99	B-CARDINAL
other	O
ambitious	O
politicians	O
?	O


The	O
Senate	B-ORG
has	O
100	B-CARDINAL
people	O
who	O
think	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
President	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
is	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
is	O
different	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
senior	O
senator	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
is	O
hardly	O
camera	O
-	O
shy	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
make	O
you	O
this	O
promise	O
--	O
I	O
will	O
do	O
my	O
best	O
not	O
to	O
steal	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
's	O
limelight	O
.	O


And	O
while	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
Schumer	I-PERSON
bunks	O
on	O
work	O
nights	B-TIME
with	O
three	B-CARDINAL
fellow	O
congressmen	O
in	O
this	O
rowhouse	O
and	O
other	O
freshmen	O
senators	O
rent	O
small	O
apartments	O
--	O
I	O
got	O
two	B-CARDINAL
bedrooms	O
and	O
a	O
sofa	O
bed	O
so	O
my	O
children	O
can	O
come	O
when	O
they	O
feel	O
like	O
it	O
,	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
and	O
her	O
husband	O
buy	O
a	O
new	O
$	B-MONEY
2.8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
mansion	O
.	O


She	O
needs	O
an	O
address	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
have	O
someplace	O
to	O
come	O
see	O
her	O
.	O


Friends	O
even	O
register	O
her	O
china	O
,	O
a	O
soup	O
tureen	O
goes	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
$	O
2,000	B-MONEY
,	O
but	O
now	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
sworn	O
in	O
,	O
Senate	B-ORG
ethics	O
rules	O
forbid	O
gifts	O
worth	O
more	O
than	O
$	O
100	B-MONEY
.	O


She	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
rely	O
on	O
her	O
husband	O
's	O
earnings	O
and	O
her	O
$	B-MONEY
8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
book	O
deal	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
's	O
still	O
being	O
entertained	O
by	O
friends	O
.	O


How	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


Tonight	B-TIME
,	O
at	O
a	O
party	O
hosted	O
by	O
Democratic	B-NORP
fund	O
-	O
raiser	O
Walter	B-PERSON
Kay	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
supporter	O
who	O
first	B-ORDINAL
sent	O
a	O
young	O
intern	O
named	O
Monica	B-PERSON
to	O
the	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
White	B-FAC
House	I-FAC
.	O


Andrea	B-PERSON
Mitchell	I-PERSON
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


And	O
yet	O
another	O
familiar	O
face	O
will	O
grace	O
``	B-FAC
the	I-FAC
West	I-FAC
Wing	I-FAC
''	I-FAC
in	O
the	O
incoming	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
--	O
Mary	B-PERSON
Matalin	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
senior	O
campaign	O
aide	O
to	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
father	O
.	O


She	O
'll	O
serve	O
as	O
assistant	O
to	O
the	O
President	O
and	O
counselor	O
to	O
Vice	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
.	O


No	O
comment	O
tonight	B-TIME
on	O
his	O
wife	O
's	O
new	O
job	O
,	O
from	O
Democratic	B-NORP
strategist	O
James	B-PERSON
Carville	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
,	O
after	O
all	O
,	O
masterminded	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
successful	O
race	O
against	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
in	O
1992	B-DATE
.	O


As	O
one	B-CARDINAL
city	O
digs	O
out	O
from	O
record	O
snow	O
,	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
In	I-WORK_OF_ART
Depth	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
dramatic	O
new	O
details	O
of	O
how	O
the	O
Texas	B-GPE
Seven	B-CARDINAL
pulled	O
off	O
their	O
great	O
escape	O
,	O
the	O
deepening	O
mystery	O
over	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
American	B-NORP
shot	O
down	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Gulf	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
,	O
could	O
he	O
be	O
alive	O
?	O
and	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Fleecing	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
America	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Cops	O
ca	O
n't	O
find	O
them	O
,	O
but	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
knows	O
just	O
where	O
to	O
send	O
their	O
checks	O
.	O


Former	O
President	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
spent	O
a	O
quiet	O
Monday	B-DATE
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
suburbs	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
if	O
he	O
's	O
at	O
all	O
unnerved	O
about	O
going	O
from	O
being	O
the	O
most	O
powerful	O
person	O
on	O
earth	O
to	O
puttering	O
around	O
in	O
Chappaqua	B-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
showing	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
seemed	O
happy	O
and	O
relaxed	O
walking	O
his	O
dog	O
Buddy	O
and	O
helping	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
senator	O
,	O
get	O
ready	O
to	O
head	O
off	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
without	O
him	O
.	O


From	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
word	O
that	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
meeting	O
between	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
and	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
before	O
Israeli	B-NORP
elections	O
nine	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
now	I-DATE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
/	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
talks	O
ended	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
with	O
no	O
deal	O
struck	O
.	O


Yugoslav	B-NORP
opposition	O
leaders	O
sharply	O
criticized	O
both	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
as	O
a	O
general	O
strike	O
against	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
gained	O
momentum	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


NPR	B-ORG
's	O
Sylvia	B-PERSON
Pajoli	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Podgorica	B-GPE
.	O


With	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
anxiously	O
following	O
the	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
political	O
crisis	O
from	O
the	O
sidelines	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
accused	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
of	O
indecision	O
and	O
said	O
Washington	B-GPE
was	O
indirectly	O
helping	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
's	O
cause	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
scheming	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
he	O
said	O
never	O
missed	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
mention	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
an	O
indictment	O
against	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
at	O
the	O
war	O
crimes	O
tribunal	O
in	O
The	B-GPE
Hague	I-GPE
as	O
if	O
this	O
were	O
more	O
important	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
added	O
than	O
the	O
fate	O
of	O
a	O
nation	O
.	O


And	O
still	O
Russia	B-GPE
which	O
has	O
offered	O
to	O
mediate	O
but	O
thus	O
far	O
has	O
not	O
joined	O
Western	B-LOC
governments	O
in	O
embracing	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
as	O
the	O
victor	O
against	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
opposition	O
leader	O
was	O
very	O
critical	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
Russian	B-NORP
policy	O
has	O
been	O
indecisive	O
and	O
reluctant	O
and	O
he	O
described	O
it	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
step	O
forward	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
back	O
.	O


Sylvia	B-PERSON
Pajoli	I-PERSON
,	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Podgorica	B-GPE
.	O


Opposition	O
protests	O
continue	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
and	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
shows	O
no	O
signs	O
of	O
bowing	O
to	O
international	O
pressure	O
by	O
stepping	O
down	O
.	O


Now	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Vlademier	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
has	O
offered	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
mediator	O
in	O
the	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
election	O
crisis	O
.	O


Steve	B-PERSON
Rosenberg	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
a	O
written	O
statement	O
Vlademier	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
expressed	O
concern	O
of	O
the	O
mounting	O
tension	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
which	O
he	O
described	O
as	O
being	O
fraught	O
with	O
unpredictable	O
consequences	O
.	O


Since	O
Russia	B-GPE
was	O
a	O
true	O
friend	O
of	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
prepared	O
to	O
step	O
in	O
as	O
peace	O
-	O
maker	O
and	O
help	O
mediate	O
in	O
the	O
crisis	O
.	O


He	O
invited	O
both	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
and	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
to	O
Moscow	B-GPE
for	O
talks	O
.	O


For	O
days	B-DATE
now	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
authorities	O
have	O
been	O
banging	O
on	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
's	O
door	O
offering	O
to	O
help	O
negotiate	O
a	O
peaceful	O
resolution	O
to	O
the	O
conflict	O
.	O


Steve	B-PERSON
Rosenburg	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
Moscow	B-GPE
summit	O
on	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
may	O
be	O
some	O
way	O
off	O
as	O
President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
has	O
arrived	O
in	O
India	B-GPE
for	O
a	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
visit	O
.	O


Russia	B-GPE
's	O
relationship	O
with	O
India	B-GPE
has	O
wilted	O
to	O
some	O
extent	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
after	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
India	B-GPE
in	O
March	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
emphasis	O
has	O
been	O
more	O
on	O
developing	O
ties	O
between	O
Delhi	B-GPE
and	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
Ridge	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


There	O
has	O
been	O
no	O
visit	O
by	O
a	O
Russian	B-NORP
leader	O
to	O
India	B-GPE
for	O
nearly	B-DATE
eight	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
emphasizing	O
before	O
this	O
visit	O
that	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
mean	O
Moscow	B-GPE
had	O
abandoned	O
india	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
has	O
said	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
see	O
Russia	B-GPE
and	O
India	B-GPE
pool	O
their	O
efforts	O
on	O
combating	O
international	O
terrorism	O
and	O
pullegisic	O
extremism	O
.	O


India	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
keen	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
same	O
and	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
mutual	O
interests	O
as	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
discussed	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
is	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
Taliban	B-ORG
's	O
influence	O
in	O
central	O
Asia	B-LOC
and	O
in	O
Kashmir	B-GPE
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
Ridge	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Delhi	B-GPE
.	O


More	O
torrential	O
rain	O
in	O
Southern	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
is	O
hampering	O
relief	O
efforts	O
for	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
flood	O
victims	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
stranded	O
amid	O
scenes	O
of	O
desolation	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
died	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
children	O
.	O


Owen	B-PERSON
Benajones	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


A	O
significant	O
proportion	O
of	O
the	O
Mekong	B-GPE
delta	O
is	O
now	O
under	O
water	O
.	O


In	O
upstream	O
areas	O
near	O
the	O
border	O
with	O
Cambodia	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
water	O
level	O
is	O
declining	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
doing	O
so	O
very	O
slowly	O
,	O
partly	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
torrential	O
rains	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
the	O
water	O
moves	O
downstream	O
towards	O
the	O
sea	O
,	O
the	O
flood	O
is	O
spreading	O
ever	O
wider	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
some	O
places	O
getting	O
still	O
deeper	O
.	O


The	O
authorities	O
have	O
started	O
building	O
sandbag	O
walls	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
main	O
road	O
into	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
's	O
commercial	O
capital	O
,	O
Ho	B-GPE
Chi	I-GPE
Min	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Red	I-ORG
Cross	I-ORG
estimates	O
that	O
as	O
things	O
stand	O
,	O
around	B-CARDINAL
50,000	I-CARDINAL
families	O
are	O
in	O
need	O
of	O
assistance	O
.	O


Owen	B-PERSON
Benajones	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Hanoi	B-GPE
.	O


Two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
,	O
a	O
Russian	B-NORP
nuclear	O
submarine	O
went	O
down	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Barents	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
during	O
military	O
exercises	O
.	O


All	O
118	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
died	O
.	O


American	B-NORP
officials	O
say	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
may	O
have	O
sunk	O
after	O
a	O
torpedo	O
misfire	O
but	O
Moscow	B-GPE
authorities	O
are	O
still	O
investigating	O
.	O


Many	O
Russian	B-NORP
people	O
are	O
skeptical	O
about	O
the	O
inquiry	O
and	O
about	O
the	O
wisdom	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
recover	O
the	O
remains	O
of	O
the	O
seamen	O
,	O
an	O
operation	O
said	O
to	O
begin	O
in	O
about	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Nenad	B-PERSON
Chebeck	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
tragedy	O
of	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
submarine	O
has	O
disappeared	O
from	O
the	O
front	O
pages	O
but	O
is	O
anything	O
but	O
forgotten	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
Russian	B-NORP
Orthodox	I-NORP
tradition	O
,	O
a	O
remembrance	O
class	O
was	O
held	O
40	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
118	B-CARDINAL
seamen	O
aboard	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
.	O


All	O
over	O
the	O
country	O
bearded	O
priests	O
spread	O
out	O
a	O
roll	O
call	O
of	O
the	O
crewmembers	O
,	O
but	O
even	O
the	O
clouds	O
of	O
incense	O
could	O
not	O
hide	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
main	O
controversies	O
following	O
the	O
accident	O
-	O
what	O
caused	O
it	O
and	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
submarine	O
and	O
the	O
bodies	O
of	O
the	O
crew	O
.	O


President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
promised	O
the	O
families	O
that	O
the	O
bodies	O
will	O
be	O
recovered	O
and	O
Sir	O
Gay	B-PERSON
Evanell	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
powerful	O
Security	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
says	O
the	O
promise	O
still	O
stands	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
see	O
through	O
this	O
unique	O
operation	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
has	O
ever	O
done	O
anything	O
like	O
it	O
before	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
do	O
realize	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
risky	O
,	O
both	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
physical	O
dangers	O
for	O
the	O
divers	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
psychological	O
stress	O
depending	O
on	O
what	O
we	O
find	O
there	O
.	O


But	O
not	O
everyone	O
thinks	O
recovering	O
the	O
bodies	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
idea	O
.	O


Naval	O
Captain	O
Biltera	B-PERSON
Pedro	I-PERSON
says	O
it	O
's	O
against	O
tradition	O
that	O
sailors	O
have	O
respected	O
for	O
centuries	B-DATE
and	O
could	O
also	O
cause	O
great	O
grief	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
just	O
imagine	O
the	O
tragedy	O
of	O
those	O
families	O
when	O
some	O
bodies	O
are	O
retrieved	O
and	O
others	O
are	O
n't	O
.	O
''	O


Russia	B-GPE
had	O
a	O
similar	O
case	O
way	O
back	O
in	O
1970s	O
says	O
Pedro	B-PERSON
,	O
when	O
just	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
body	O
was	O
recovered	O
.	O


The	O
Fleet	O
Commander	O
then	O
decided	O
to	O
have	O
even	O
that	O
one	B-CARDINAL
body	O
handed	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
sea	O
where	O
the	O
submarine	O
went	O
down	O
says	O
Pedro	B-PERSON
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
just	O
about	O
the	O
tradition	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
future	O
as	O
well	O
argues	O
Alexe	B-PERSON
Budnev	I-PERSON
from	O
the	B-ORG
Veterans	I-ORG
Club	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Russian	I-ORG
Fleet	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
cost	O
of	O
this	O
operation	O
will	O
be	O
huge	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
much	O
better	O
to	O
invest	O
the	O
sum	O
in	O
improving	O
the	O
rescue	O
capabilities	O
of	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
fleet	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
can	O
save	O
lives	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


And	O
while	O
this	O
controversy	O
is	O
going	O
on	O
,	O
so	O
does	O
the	O
government	O
investigation	O
into	O
the	O
causes	O
of	O
the	O
disaster	O
.	O


Former	O
submarine	O
captain	O
Ureg	B-PERSON
Gladkovich	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
confident	O
the	O
government	O
commission	O
will	O
do	O
a	O
good	O
job	O
.	O


The	O
authorities	O
need	O
to	O
know	O
the	O
truth	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
make	O
whatever	O
changes	O
are	O
necessary	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
safety	O
of	O
the	O
submarine	O
fleet	O
says	O
Gladkovich	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
whether	O
those	O
findings	O
will	O
ever	O
reach	O
the	O
public	O
is	O
another	O
matter	O
.	O


Just	O
look	O
back	O
at	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
fudged	O
and	O
lied	O
their	O
way	O
through	O
the	O
rescue	O
operation	O
.	O


They	O
never	O
gave	O
us	O
the	O
full	O
truth	O
.	O


That	O
gives	O
us	O
reason	O
to	O
doubt	O
their	O
good	O
intentions	O
to	O
tell	O
us	O
the	O
truth	O
this	O
time	O
.	O


It	O
all	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
good	O
will	O
of	O
the	O
military	O
and	O
the	O
government	O
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
does	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
political	O
mechanism	O
that	O
would	O
make	O
such	O
an	O
investigation	O
open	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O


Military	O
affairs	O
analyst	O
with	O
the	O
well	O
-	O
respected	O
Russian	B-NORP
news	O
magazine	O
Itogi	B-ORG
,	O
Alexander	B-PERSON
Gulls	I-PERSON
,	O
says	O
the	O
Commission	B-ORG
's	O
work	O
is	O
just	O
a	O
smoke	O
screen	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
tragedy	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
those	O
in	O
charge	O
.	O


Our	O
Navy	B-ORG
commanders	O
they	O
know	O
pretty	O
well	O
and	O
all	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
now	O
points	O
that	O
these	O
people	O
want	O
to	O
hide	O
the	O
real	O
thing	O
that	O
had	O
happened	O
onboard	O
of	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
.	O


But	O
what	O
did	O
cause	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
tragedy	O
?	O


There	O
are	O
three	B-CARDINAL
main	O
theories	O
.	O


Firstly	O
,	O
that	O
a	O
torpedo	O
missile	O
misfired	O
while	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
tube	O
causing	O
a	O
massive	O
explosion	O
in	O
the	O
armory	O
,	O
secondly	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
sub	O
hit	O
a	O
mine	O
leftover	O
from	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
,	O
and	O
thirdly	O
,	O
a	O
collision	O
with	O
another	O
vessel	O
.	O


Former	O
Captain	O
Ureg	B-PERSON
Gladkovich	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
his	O
experience	O
leads	O
into	O
believing	O
another	O
theory	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
captain	O
over	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
took	O
a	O
sudden	O
and	O
drastic	O
maneuver	O
to	O
avoid	O
colliding	O
with	O
another	O
vessel	O
.	O


The	O
waters	O
were	O
shallow	O
for	O
such	O
a	O
huge	O
submarine	O
and	O
the	O
sub	O
maneuver	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
front	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
sub	O
hitting	O
the	O
seabed	O
with	O
great	O
speed	O
.	O


The	O
sheer	O
force	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
explosion	O
of	O
the	O
armaments	O
that	O
are	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
front	O
compartment	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
front	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
submarine	O
was	O
probably	O
flooded	O
within	O
seconds	B-TIME
killing	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
crew	O
says	O
Gladkovich	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
ones	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
compartments	O
could	O
have	O
survived	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
more	O
than	O
a	B-TIME
few	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
as	O
the	O
sea	O
continued	O
to	O
flood	O
the	O
whole	O
boat	O
after	O
it	O
cracked	O
up	O
.	O


But	O
while	O
the	O
theory	O
sounds	O
very	O
plausible	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
evidence	O
as	O
yet	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
anything	O
more	O
than	O
educated	O
guess	O
work	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
military	O
analyst	O
,	O
Alexander	B-PERSON
Gulls	I-PERSON
,	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
way	O
things	O
will	O
remain	O
.	O


The	O
huge	O
money	O
that	O
were	O
promised	O
to	O
families	O
avail	O
,	O
receive	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
times	O
more	O
than	O
families	O
of	O
soldiers	O
who	O
were	O
killed	O
in	O
Chechnya	B-GPE
.	O


For	O
me	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
rather	O
cynical	O
attempt	O
to	O
shut	O
them	O
up	O
.	O


With	O
so	O
many	O
secrets	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
most	O
advanced	O
nuclear	O
submarine	O
,	O
the	O
full	O
truth	O
may	O
never	O
emerge	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
bodies	O
and	O
the	O
boat	O
eventually	O
do	O
.	O


For	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
this	O
is	O
Nenad	B-PERSON
Sebek	I-PERSON
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
Mullins	I-PERSON
.	O


Not	O
since	O
he	O
took	O
power	O
13	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
has	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
appeared	O
so	O
close	O
to	O
losing	O
it	O
.	O


His	O
grip	O
began	O
to	O
slip	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
24th	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
as	O
even	O
he	O
admitted	O
opposition	O
candidate	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
won	O
more	O
votes	O
in	O
a	O
nation	O
-	O
wide	O
election	O
.	O


Milosevic	B-PERSON
claimed	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
had	O
failed	O
to	O
win	O
at	B-PERCENT
least	I-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
that	O
another	O
ballot	O
would	O
be	O
necessary	O
.	O


The	O
opposition	O
insisted	O
that	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
had	O
won	O
outright	O
and	O
staged	O
mass	O
anti-Milosevic	O
demonstrations	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
protest	O
reached	O
a	O
climax	O
as	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
took	O
to	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
crowds	O
took	O
over	O
the	O
parliament	O
building	O
and	O
a	O
state	O
television	O
center	O
and	O
the	O
events	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
resembled	O
nothing	O
so	O
much	O
as	O
a	O
popular	O
revolution	O
.	O


The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Nenad	B-PERSON
Chebeck	I-PERSON
takes	O
us	O
to	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
the	O
Serbian	B-NORP
capital	O
in	O
his	O
eyewitness	O
report	O
.	O


Rock	O
drummer	O
Dragon	B-PERSON
Zuricic	I-PERSON
pounded	O
out	O
a	O
beat	O
for	O
marching	O
and	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
demonstrators	O
took	O
up	O
the	O
call	O
.	O


Within	O
minutes	B-TIME
,	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
town	O
was	O
blocked	O
solid	O
.	O


Opponents	O
of	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
called	O
on	O
the	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
President	O
to	O
relinquish	O
power	O
immediately	O
.	O


An	O
opposition	O
spokesman	O
demanded	O
that	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
accept	O
the	O
electoral	O
will	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Electoral	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
reveal	O
what	O
she	O
called	O
the	O
true	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
speeches	O
and	O
even	O
songs	O
,	O
denouncing	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
and	O
praising	O
opposition	O
leader	O
,	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
the	O
singing	O
stopped	O
and	O
at	O
least	O
some	O
shooting	O
began	O
.	O


The	O
crowd	O
converged	O
at	O
the	O
federal	O
parliament	O
building	O
and	O
tried	O
to	O
storm	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
police	O
retaliated	O
with	O
tear	O
gas	O
and	O
most	O
streets	O
around	O
the	O
buildings	O
were	O
full	O
of	O
people	O
and	O
tear	O
gas	O
.	O


The	O
mood	O
became	O
angry	O
and	O
several	O
police	O
cars	O
were	O
smashed	O
or	O
set	O
ablaze	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
demonstrators	O
turned	O
their	O
fury	O
towards	O
a	O
nearby	O
police	O
station	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
when	O
the	O
mass	O
protest	O
took	O
what	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
``	O
turning	O
point	O
''	O
.	O


The	O
police	O
gave	O
themselves	O
up	O
without	O
a	O
fight	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
even	O
joined	O
the	O
demonstrators	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
crowd	O
marched	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
state	O
run	O
televison	O
station	O
.	O


Much	O
to	O
the	O
demonstrators	O
'	O
surprise	O
dozens	O
of	O
heavily	O
armed	O
riot	O
policemen	O
simply	O
walked	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
building	O
and	O
offered	O
no	O
resistance	O
.	O


Elsewhere	O
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
,	O
journalists	O
at	O
three	B-CARDINAL
other	O
television	O
stations	O
and	O
the	O
radio	O
station	O
B92	B-ORG
took	O
over	O
their	O
newsrooms	O
vowing	O
to	O
report	O
independently	O
of	O
state	O
control	O
.	O


This	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
,	O
police	O
withdrew	O
from	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


Outside	O
the	O
Federal	B-ORG
Parliament	I-ORG
building	O
,	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
gathered	O
for	O
a	O
rally	O
.	O


Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
appealed	O
to	O
them	O
to	O
stay	O
on	O
the	O
streets	O
and	O
defend	O
democracy	O
.	O


Kostunica	B-PERSON
said	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
took	O
the	O
country	O
into	O
several	O
wars	O
and	O
now	O
wanted	O
to	O
wage	O
a	O
battle	O
against	O
his	O
own	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
crowd	O
chanted	O
``	O
arrest	O
Slobo	B-PERSON
and	O
let	O
's	O
march	O
onto	O
Beveneary	B-FAC
3rd	I-FAC
,	O
to	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
's	O
residence	O
.	O


Kostunica	B-PERSON
advised	O
calm	O
.	O


What	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
say	O
was	O
what	O
he	O
could	O
n't	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
where	O
exactly	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
is	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
seen	O
or	O
heard	O
from	O
in	O
the	B-TIME
past	I-TIME
24	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


For	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
,	O
this	O
is	O
Nenad	B-PERSON
Chebeck	I-PERSON
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


From	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
in	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
am	O
James	B-PERSON
Cawling	I-PERSON
for	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
whole	O
of	O
Serbia	B-GPE
has	O
risen	O
up	O
against	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
.	O


Those	O
were	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
opposition	O
leader	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
to	O
crowds	O
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
a	O
television	O
interview	O
,	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
declared	O
he	O
had	O
replaced	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
as	O
President	O
.	O


Earlier	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
filled	O
the	O
city	O
center	O
demanding	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
step	O
down	O
.	O


Protestors	O
braved	O
clouds	O
of	O
tear	O
gas	O
to	O
take	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
Federal	B-ORG
Parliament	I-ORG
building	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
set	O
on	O
fire	O
and	O
several	O
television	O
stations	O
.	O


An	O
announcer	O
appeared	O
on	O
the	O
main	O
channel	O
to	O
announce	O
the	O
arrival	O
of	O
free	O
broadcasting	O
.	O


Journalist	O
Misha	B-PERSON
Glenny	I-PERSON
was	O
on	O
the	O
streets	O
.	O


The	B-FAC
Federal	I-FAC
Parliament	I-FAC
here	O
is	O
on	O
fire	O
.	O


Demonstrators	O
have	O
moved	O
into	O
it	O
.	O


Police	O
are	O
using	O
tear	O
gas	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
place	O
,	O
dispersing	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
demonstrators	O
,	O
but	O
frankly	O
all	O
hell	O
has	O
broken	O
lose	O
here	O
.	O


The	O
whereabouts	O
of	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
remain	O
unclear	O
at	O
this	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
,	O
but	O
opposition	O
leader	O
Alexander	B-PERSON
Popovic	I-PERSON
says	O
it	O
's	O
now	O
clear	O
his	O
time	O
and	O
power	O
is	O
over	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
betting	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
that	O
today	B-DATE
is	O
the	O
end	O
or	O
maybe	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
over	O
,	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
free	O
.	O


The	O
announcement	O
by	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
that	O
he	O
concedes	O
defeat	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
presidential	O
election	O
has	O
sent	O
people	O
rejoicing	O
into	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
speech	O
by	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
on	O
state	O
TV	O
signaled	O
he	O
has	O
abandoned	O
efforts	O
to	O
block	O
the	O
opposition	O
from	O
assuming	O
power	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
speech	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
congratulated	O
opposition	O
leader	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
who	O
has	O
been	O
ruled	O
the	O
victor	O
in	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
says	O
he	O
plans	O
to	O
help	O
his	O
Socialist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
gain	O
new	O
strength	O
.	O


Family	O
members	O
and	O
close	O
allies	O
of	O
former	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
are	O
leaving	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
ahead	O
of	O
possible	O
investigations	O
into	O
their	O
financial	O
dealings	O
.	O


Some	O
are	O
believed	O
to	O
have	O
millions	O
of	O
dollars	O
in	O
foreign	O
bank	O
accounts	O
.	O


Stefan	B-PERSON
Boss	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
Serbia	B-PERSON
is	O
preparing	O
to	O
inaugurate	O
a	O
new	O
government	O
,	O
some	O
members	O
of	O
former	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
's	O
family	O
are	O
leaving	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


The	O
son	O
of	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
,	O
Marco	B-PERSON
,	O
tried	O
unsuccessfully	O
to	O
flee	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
he	O
was	O
refused	O
entry	O
and	O
was	O
on	O
his	O
way	O
back	O
to	O
Moscow	B-GPE
from	O
where	O
he	O
came	O
.	O


Earlier	O
Marco	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
did	O
not	O
receive	O
a	O
visa	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
situation	O
which	O
could	O
only	O
be	O
cleared	O
after	O
his	O
uncle	O
and	O
diplomats	O
intervened	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
seen	O
as	O
another	O
sign	O
that	O
both	O
Russia	B-GPE
and	O
China	B-GPE
have	O
abandoned	O
their	O
friendship	O
with	O
the	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
family	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
seeking	O
closer	O
ties	O
with	O
new	O
President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
.	O


For	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
I	O
am	O
Stefan	B-PERSON
Boss	I-PERSON
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
leading	O
allies	O
of	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
have	O
resigned	O
their	O
government	O
positions	O
.	O


The	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
and	O
the	O
Serbian	B-NORP
Interior	B-ORG
Minister	O
were	O
both	O
seen	O
as	O
key	O
figures	O
in	O
the	O
deposed	O
President	O
's	O
regime	O
.	O


From	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
,	O
Jacky	B-PERSON
Rowland	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
a	O
day	O
of	O
further	O
blows	O
for	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
who	O
only	O
last	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
spoke	O
of	O
plans	O
to	O
rebuild	O
his	O
party	O
and	O
stage	O
a	O
political	O
comeback	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
allies	O
have	O
been	O
forced	O
out	O
of	O
positions	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
apparatus	O
.	O


Amid	O
applause	O
and	O
laughter	O
in	O
the	O
Serbian	B-NORP
parliament	O
,	O
the	O
powerful	O
Interior	B-ORG
Minister	O
Vlico	B-PERSON
Stwilkivich	I-PERSON
resigned	O
.	O


His	O
departure	O
will	O
open	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
President	O
,	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
to	O
rein	O
in	O
the	O
police	O
force	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
traditionally	O
been	O
a	O
staunch	O
defender	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
.	O


In	O
another	O
development	O
,	O
the	O
Yugoslav	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Momer	B-PERSON
Bolatavich	I-PERSON
has	O
also	O
stepped	O
down	O
.	O


Jacky	B-PERSON
Rowland	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


Up	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
in	O
a	O
massacre	O
by	O
Colombian	B-NORP
Marxist	B-NORP
guerillas	O
.	O


The	O
tactics	O
are	O
more	O
commonly	O
associated	O
with	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
paramilitaries	O
,	O
but	O
as	O
Jeremy	B-PERSON
Mcdermott	I-PERSON
reports	O
,	O
the	O
guerillas	O
now	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
adopting	O
them	O
too	O
.	O


Everybody	O
was	O
watching	O
the	O
Columbia	B-ORG
-	O
Paraguay	B-ORG
football	O
match	O
when	O
guerillas	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Revolutionary	I-ORG
Armed	I-ORG
Forces	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Columbia	I-ORG
or	O
Falk	B-ORG
swept	O
into	O
several	O
hamlets	O
in	O
the	O
south	O
-	O
western	O
province	O
of	O
Kalca	B-GPE
.	O


Mirroring	O
the	O
tactics	O
of	O
the	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
death	O
squads	O
,	O
the	O
Falk	B-ORG
arrived	O
in	O
the	O
communities	O
with	O
lists	O
in	O
hand	O
and	O
dragged	O
those	O
they	O
found	O
on	O
the	O
list	O
into	O
the	O
street	O
and	O
executed	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
paramilitaries	O
have	O
long	O
used	O
the	O
policy	O
of	O
massacres	O
to	O
cut	O
away	O
support	O
for	O
their	O
guerilla	O
enemies	O
.	O


The	O
guerillas	O
are	O
now	O
adopting	O
the	O
same	O
tactics	O
as	O
the	O
Colombian	B-NORP
civil	O
conflict	O
enters	O
its	B-DATE
37th	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Jeremy	B-PERSON
Mcdermott	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Columbia	B-GPE
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
largest	O
cases	O
of	O
alleged	O
sexual	O
abuse	O
by	O
a	O
Catholic	B-NORP
priest	O
is	O
being	O
settled	O
.	O


The	O
archdiocese	O
of	O
Portland	B-GPE
has	O
apologized	O
to	O
22	B-CARDINAL
men	O
who	O
say	O
they	O
were	O
molested	O
by	O
an	O
Oregon	B-GPE
priest	O
when	O
they	O
were	O
altar	O
boys	O
.	O


Jeff	B-PERSON
Brady	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Oregon	B-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
men	O
say	O
they	O
were	O
abused	O
by	O
Maurice	B-PERSON
Grammond	I-PERSON
as	O
far	O
back	O
as	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
settlement	O
,	O
the	O
men	O
will	O
receive	O
money	O
though	O
the	O
exact	O
amount	O
is	O
being	O
kept	O
confidential	O
.	O


The	O
agreement	O
also	O
calls	O
for	O
an	O
apology	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Portland	I-ORG
Archdiocese	I-ORG
that	O
will	O
be	O
read	O
from	O
the	O
pulpit	O
of	O
every	O
parish	O
in	O
Western	O
Oregon	B-GPE
at	O
Sunday	B-DATE
Mass	O
.	O


Attorney	O
David	B-PERSON
Slater	I-PERSON
represented	O
the	O
alleged	O
victims	O
.	O


These	O
men	O
were	O
burdened	O
through	O
their	O
childhood	O
,	O
and	O
into	O
adulthood	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
age	O
with	O
an	O
overwhelming	O
sense	O
of	O
shame	O
and	O
isolation	O
.	O


With	O
few	O
exceptions	O
they	O
kept	O
this	O
experience	O
and	O
the	O
shame	O
around	O
it	O
a	O
secret	O
even	O
from	O
their	O
own	O
wives	O
.	O


Maurice	B-PERSON
Grammond	I-PERSON
is	O
now	O
80	B-DATE
and	O
lives	O
in	O
the	O
Alzheimer	O
's	O
unit	O
of	O
a	O
nursing	O
home	O
.	O


He	O
never	O
faced	O
criminal	O
charges	O
for	O
the	O
alleged	O
abuse	O
because	O
the	O
statute	O
of	O
limitations	O
expired	O
long	O
ago	O
.	O


For	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
I	O
'm	O
Jeff	B-PERSON
Brady	I-PERSON
in	O
Portland	B-GPE
,	O
Oregon	B-GPE
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
American	B-NORP
professors	O
will	O
share	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
Noble	B-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Economics	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


They	O
are	O
James	B-PERSON
Heckman	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Chicago	I-ORG
and	O
Daniel	B-PERSON
Mcfedden	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
California	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Berkeley	I-ORG
.	O


NPR	B-ORG
's	O
John	B-PERSON
Edsty	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Nobel	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
said	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
were	O
awarded	O
the	O
prize	O
for	O
their	O
work	O
in	O
micro-econometrics	O
,	O
which	O
combined	O
economics	O
and	O
statistics	O
.	O


As	O
friends	O
and	O
colleagues	O
,	O
Heckman	B-PERSON
and	O
Mcfedden	B-PERSON
developed	O
and	O
exchanged	O
ideas	O
over	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
30	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
Mcfedden	B-PERSON
,	O
their	O
work	O
is	O
closely	O
related	O
and	O
the	O
common	O
theme	O
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
economic	O
theory	O
to	O
study	O
individual	O
behaviour	O
.	O


Heckmann	B-PERSON
is	O
best	O
known	O
for	O
labour	O
force	O
studies	O
,	O
including	O
how	O
married	O
women	O
decide	O
whether	O
to	O
work	O
.	O


Mcfedden	B-PERSON
has	O
created	O
models	O
aimed	O
at	O
figuring	O
out	O
how	O
people	O
make	O
life	O
's	O
big	O
choices	O
,	O
like	O
when	O
to	O
get	O
married	O
and	O
how	O
many	O
children	O
to	O
have	O
.	O


Mcfedden	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
use	O
his	O
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
915,000	B-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
prize	O
to	O
support	O
his	O
farm	O
in	O
Northern	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
wine	O
country	O
.	O


Heckman	B-PERSON
is	O
currently	O
travelling	O
in	O
Brazil	B-GPE
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Edsty	I-PERSON
,	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
co-production	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
BBC	I-ORG
World	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
,	O
PRI	B-ORG
and	O
WGBH	B-ORG
in	O
Boston	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
am	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Kahn	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
drama	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
seemed	O
to	O
climax	O
last	B-DATE
thursday	I-DATE
when	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
protesters	O
forced	O
the	O
ouster	O
of	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
now	O
the	O
events	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
are	O
beginning	O
to	O
look	O
like	O
act	O
I	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Talks	O
today	B-DATE
between	O
supporters	O
of	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
new	O
President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
and	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
's	O
Socialist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
yielded	O
more	O
heat	O
than	O
light	O
.	O


Kostunica	B-PERSON
's	O
people	O
accused	O
the	O
Socialists	B-NORP
of	O
trying	O
to	O
hold	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
institutions	O
of	O
power	O
and	O
as	O
if	O
on	O
cue	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
a	O
key	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
loyalist	O
is	O
taking	O
over	O
the	B-ORG
Interior	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
runs	O
the	O
police	O
.	O


The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Nenad	B-PERSON
Chebeck	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


Nenad	B-PERSON
,	O
what	O
do	O
we	O
know	O
of	O
this	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
ally	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
Mirco	B-PERSON
Merianovic	I-PERSON
who	O
officially	O
still	O
is	O
the	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
of	O
Serbia	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
have	O
to	O
keep	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
in	O
mind	O
that	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
pro-democracy	O
elements	O
in	O
Serbia	B-GPE
and	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
have	O
taken	O
over	O
authority	O
on	O
the	O
federal	O
level	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
key	O
leaders	O
of	O
power	O
are	O
on	O
the	O
republican	O
level	O
.	O


Yugoslavia	B-GPE
consists	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
republics	O
,	O
Serbia	B-GPE
and	O
Montenegro	B-GPE
and	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
elections	O
for	O
neither	O
the	O
Serbian	B-NORP
parliament	O
,	O
nor	O
the	O
presidency	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
Serbian	B-NORP
government	O
officially	O
is	O
still	O
in	O
place	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
's	O
all	O
theory	O
.	O


In	O
practice	O
things	O
are	O
slightly	O
different	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
structure	O
of	O
power	O
in	O
Serbia	B-GPE
and	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
was	O
based	O
on	O
one	B-CARDINAL
man	O
,	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
.	O


Once	O
he	O
collapsed	O
,	O
politically	O
and	O
he	O
has	O
collapsed	O
when	O
he	O
resigned	O
officially	O
on	O
national	O
television	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
old	O
structures	O
of	O
power	O
collapsed	O
together	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
since	O
,	O
although	O
,	O
officially	O
you	O
got	O
two	B-CARDINAL
different	O
parallel	O
governments	O
going	O
on	O
,	O
the	O
reality	O
is	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
is	O
trying	O
to	O
consolidate	O
his	O
power	O
over	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
what	O
other	O
indications	O
are	O
there	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
having	O
trouble	O
doing	O
that	O
?	O


The	O
taking	O
over	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
leaders	O
of	O
power	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
allies	O
is	O
a	O
process	O
which	O
definitely	O
takes	O
time	O
.	O


Everybody	O
is	O
impatient	O
,	O
especially	O
here	O
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
and	O
Serbia	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
people	O
that	O
I	O
see	O
on	O
the	O
street	O
and	O
that	O
I	O
hear	O
from	O
are	O
sick	O
and	O
tired	O
of	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
cronies	O
appearing	O
on	O
television	O
protesting	O
against	O
this	O
and	O
trying	O
to	O
hang	O
on	O
to	O
whatever	O
little	O
power	O
they	O
have	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
and	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Alliance	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Serbia	I-ORG
has	O
said	O
very	O
openly	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
they	O
will	O
not	O
put	O
up	O
with	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
behavior	O
for	O
much	O
longer	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
indeed	O
threatened	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
allies	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
bring	O
out	O
the	O
people	O
onto	O
the	O
streets	O
again	O
so	O
that	O
a	O
completely	O
new	O
authority	O
can	O
be	O
established	O
,	O
not	O
just	O
on	O
the	O
federal	O
level	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
on	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Serbia	I-GPE
.	O


Let	O
's	O
talk	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
also	O
about	O
other	O
important	O
policies	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
of	O
importance	O
to	O
people	O
outside	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
Kosovo	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
has	O
been	O
some	O
news	O
coming	O
out	O
that	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
troops	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
Kosovo	B-GPE
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


What	O
can	O
you	O
tell	O
us	O
about	O
what	O
this	O
new	O
government	O
will	O
do	O
in	O
that	O
area	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
report	O
that	O
was	O
brought	O
by	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
edition	O
of	O
Vetrivinia	B-ORG
Novostate	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
newspaper	O
.	O


They	O
quoted	O
Zoran	B-PERSON
Zingic	I-PERSON
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
main	O
leaders	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Alliance	I-ORG
saying	O
that	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
troops	O
and	O
police	O
will	O
be	O
policing	O
the	O
borders	O
between	O
Kosovo	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
countries	O
,	O
meaning	O
Macedonia	B-GPE
and	O
Albania	B-GPE
.	O


Basically	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
such	O
a	O
threatening	O
sort	O
of	O
bit	O
of	O
a	O
news	O
as	O
it	O
might	O
seem	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
because	O
the	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
resolution	O
,	O
1244	B-CARDINAL
,	O
does	O
actually	O
provide	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
troops	O
and	O
police	O
on	O
the	O
borders	O
.	O


That	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
resolution	O
here	O
and	O
the	O
resolution	O
was	O
never	O
actually	O
applied	O
because	O
right	O
until	O
now	O
,	O
the	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
police	O
and	O
military	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
,	O
so	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
have	O
anything	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
forces	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
how	O
is	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
dealing	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
with	O
the	O
change	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
?	O


Who	O
is	O
there	O
and	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
assistance	O
are	O
they	O
offering	O
or	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
symbolic	O
value	O
of	O
their	O
being	O
there	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
race	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
first	B-ORDINAL
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
we	O
had	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
,	O
today	O
we	O
have	O
Budor	B-PERSON
Homback	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
's	O
Stability	B-ORG
Pact	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Southeast	I-ORG
Europe	I-ORG
.	O


We	O
also	O
saw	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
diplomat	O
Willie	B-PERSON
Montgomery	I-PERSON
who	O
arrived	O
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
to	O
set	O
up	O
most	O
probably	O
a	O
meeting	O
between	O
a	O
senior	O
U.S.	B-GPE
official	O
James	B-PERSON
O'brien	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
coming	O
to	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
will	O
be	O
here	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
as	O
a	O
special	O
representative	O
for	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
will	O
hold	O
talks	O
,	O
probably	O
behind	O
closed	O
doors	O
,	O
with	O
President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
is	O
keeping	O
a	O
low	O
profile	O
because	O
there	O
is	O
quite	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
anti-American	B-NORP
sentiment	O
on	O
the	O
streets	O
here	O
in	O
Serbia	B-GPE
.	O


So	O
I	O
believe	O
that	O
Washington	B-GPE
realizes	O
that	O
very	O
open	O
support	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
could	O
do	O
the	O
man	O
more	O
harm	O
than	O
good	O
at	O
this	O
moment	O
.	O


The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Nenad	B-PERSON
Chebeck	I-PERSON
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
speaking	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
welcome	O
Tony	B-PERSON
.	O


From	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
am	O
Corey	B-PERSON
Flintoff	I-PERSON
.	O


Israeli	B-ORG
Army	I-ORG
helicopters	O
rocketed	O
targets	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
striking	O
close	O
to	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
headquarters	O
and	O
injuring	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
said	O
the	O
attacks	O
were	O
in	O
retaliation	O
for	O
the	O
killings	O
of	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
reservers	O
who	O
apparently	O
became	O
lost	O
in	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
town	O
of	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
sought	O
refuge	O
with	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
police	O
but	O
were	O
later	O
stabbed	O
to	O
death	O
by	O
a	O
mob	O
that	O
stormed	O
the	O
police	O
station	O
.	O


The	O
violence	O
dealt	O
another	O
blow	O
to	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


Egypt	B-GPE
condemned	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
attacks	O
today	B-DATE
and	O
said	O
it	O
has	O
the	O
approval	O
of	O
other	O
Arab	B-NORP
states	O
to	O
host	O
a	O
summit	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
Israelis	B-NORP
only	O
if	O
the	O
violence	O
stops	O
.	O


Dale	B-PERSON
Gavlak	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Cairo	B-GPE
.	O


Foreign	O
Minister	O
Amre	B-PERSON
Moussa	I-PERSON
said	O
Egypt	B-GPE
is	O
angry	O
but	O
this	O
can	O
not	O
stop	O
it	O
from	O
taking	O
action	O
from	O
saving	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
and	O
ending	O
attacks	O
on	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


We	O
can	O
not	O
accept	O
what	O
happened	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


We	O
can	O
not	O
accept	O
it	O
under	O
any	O
circumstances	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
indeed	O
a	O
big	O
blow	O
to	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
,	O
a	O
big	O
blow	O
to	O
the	O
relations	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
a	O
big	O
blow	O
to	O
the	O
stability	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


This	O
has	O
to	O
cease	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
to	O
stop	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
stop	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
would	O
bring	O
together	O
the	O
parties	O
concerned	O
and	O
get	O
the	O
necessary	O
commitments	O
from	O
both	O
,	O
from	O
them	O
.	O


Moussa	B-PERSON
said	O
Egypt	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
in	O
contact	O
with	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
about	O
a	O
meeting	O
to	O
call	O
the	O
parties	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
situation	O
and	O
turn	O
it	O
around	O
.	O


He	O
added	O
that	O
Egypt	B-GPE
can	O
not	O
sit	O
tight	O
and	O
let	O
the	O
crisis	O
continue	O
.	O


For	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
I	O
am	O
Dale	B-PERSON
Gavlak	I-PERSON
in	O
Cairo	B-GPE
.	O


An	O
apparent	O
attack	O
on	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
warship	O
has	O
left	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
six	I-CARDINAL
American	B-NORP
sailors	O
dead	O
and	O
about	B-CARDINAL
35	I-CARDINAL
injured	O
.	O


The	O
explosion	O
came	O
as	O
the	O
guided	O
-	O
missile	O
destroyer	O
USS	B-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
was	O
refueling	O
at	O
a	O
port	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


NPR	B-ORG
's	O
Chad	B-PERSON
Pergram	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


Both	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
said	O
the	O
attack	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
act	O
of	O
terrorism	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
immediately	O
whisked	O
to	O
the	O
region	O
investigative	O
teams	O
from	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
attack	O
comes	O
as	O
US	B-GPE
forces	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
have	O
been	O
placed	O
on	O
a	O
heightened	O
state	O
of	O
alert	O
after	O
days	B-DATE
of	O
clashes	O
between	O
Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Defense	B-ORG
Secretary	O
William	B-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
said	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
would	O
continue	O
to	O
protect	O
its	O
interests	O
around	O
the	O
globe	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
should	O
doubt	O
our	O
resolve	O
to	O
remain	O
a	O
force	O
for	O
peace	O
and	O
for	O
stability	O
and	O
no	O
one	O
should	O
assume	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
force	O
us	O
to	O
retreat	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
should	O
assume	O
they	O
can	O
attack	O
us	O
with	O
impunity	O
.	O


The	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
had	O
just	O
arrived	O
in	O
the	O
harbor	O
for	O
a	O
refueling	O
stop	O
.	O


Officials	O
say	O
men	O
aboard	O
this	O
small	O
boat	O
had	O
been	O
assisting	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
with	O
mooring	O
lines	O
just	O
before	O
the	O
blast	O
.	O


Chad	B-PERSON
Pergram	I-PERSON
,	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Elsewhere	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
officials	O
from	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
and	O
marine	O
anti-terrorist	O
specialists	O
have	O
arrived	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
to	O
investigate	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
explosion	O
that	O
crippled	O
the	O
US	B-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
destroyer	O
,	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
.	O


Seven	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
are	O
confirmed	O
dead	O
and	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
missing	O
are	O
now	O
presumed	O
dead	O
.	O


The	O
wounded	O
have	O
been	O
evacuated	O
to	O
Germany	B-GPE
and	O
to	O
neighboring	O
Djibouti	B-GPE
.	O


Djibouti	B-GPE
is	O
where	O
until	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
conducted	O
its	O
Red	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
refueling	O
operations	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Moore	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
government	O
intelligence	O
analyst	O
says	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
mistake	O
for	O
those	O
operations	O
to	O
move	O
to	O
Aden	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
tend	O
to	O
fault	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
policy	O
that	O
brought	O
the	O
refueling	O
activity	O
from	O
Djibouti	B-GPE
to	O
Aden	B-GPE
,	O
given	O
the	O
abundance	O
of	O
threat	O
indicators	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
that	O
being	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
has	O
been	O
known	O
for	O
some	O
time	O
that	O
various	O
groups	O
,	O
either	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
,	O
North	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
groups	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
Bin	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
men	O
actively	O
reside	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
so	O
again	O
,	O
I	O
really	O
question	O
the	O
wisdom	O
of	O
that	O
policy	O
.	O


You	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
was	O
using	O
Djibouti	B-GPE
for	O
more	O
or	O
less	O
the	O
same	O
purposes	O
that	O
,	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
so	I-DATE
,	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
using	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
that	O
they	O
knew	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
much	O
more	O
anti-American	B-NORP
atmosphere	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


Why	O
then	O
did	O
they	O
go	O
there	O
?	O


Did	O
they	O
have	O
some	O
other	O
overriding	O
concerns	O
?	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
attempting	O
to	O
support	O
movements	O
for	O
democratization	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
and	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
some	O
attempts	O
to	O
buttress	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
Ali	B-PERSON
Abdullah	I-PERSON
Saleh	I-PERSON
and	O
I	O
believe	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
directly	O
tied	O
into	O
that	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
elections	O
held	O
,	O
I	O
believe	O
,	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
so	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Americans	B-NORP
were	O
involved	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
assessing	O
and	O
evaluating	O
the	O
validity	O
of	O
the	O
elections	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
this	O
grew	O
out	O
of	O
that	O
policy	O
of	O
supporting	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
but	O
again	O
the	O
problem	O
that	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
government	O
faces	O
is	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
actively	O
control	O
the	O
countryside	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
split	O
between	O
various	O
tribal	O
groups	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
,	O
as	O
I	O
mentioned	O
,	O
extremists	O
that	O
look	O
at	O
Yemen	B-GPE
as	O
,	O
say	O
,	O
heaven	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
been	O
there	O
for	O
well	O
on	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
various	O
groups	O
at	O
different	O
times	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
.	O


In	O
terms	O
of	O
talking	O
about	O
Yemen	B-GPE
and	O
giving	O
us	O
a	O
feeling	O
for	O
what	O
is	O
interesting	O
about	O
this	O
country	O
,	O
another	O
thing	O
that	O
is	O
interesting	O
about	O
it	O
would	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
had	O
pretty	O
much	O
sided	O
,	O
as	O
I	O
understand	O
it	O
,	O
with	O
Iraq	B-GPE
during	O
the	B-EVENT
Gulf	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
.	O


Is	O
that	O
true	O
and	O
if	O
so	O
why	O
is	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
involved	O
with	O
it	O
now	O
?	O


That	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
of	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
led	O
by	O
the	O
current	O
President	O
Ali	B-PERSON
Abdullah	I-PERSON
Saleh	I-PERSON
,	O
did	O
exhibit	O
pro-Iraqi	B-NORP
sentiment	O
during	O
the	B-EVENT
Gulf	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
.	O


As	O
far	O
as	O
the	O
reasoning	O
behind	O
why	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
is	O
trying	O
to	O
rebuild	O
its	O
ties	O
with	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
again	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
policy	O
is	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
bridge	O
with	O
as	O
many	O
countries	O
as	O
possible	O
within	O
a	O
region	O
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
Islamic	B-NORP
world	O
.	O


We	O
hope	O
the	O
countries	O
can	O
become	O
potential	O
friends	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
allies	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
.	O


So	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
,	O
ok	O
,	O
yes	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
agree	O
with	O
what	O
you	O
did	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
but	O
let	O
's	O
try	O
to	O
put	O
that	O
behind	O
us	O
and	O
look	O
forward	O
.	O


And	O
what	O
have	O
the	O
developments	O
there	O
led	O
you	O
to	O
believe	O
about	O
the	O
wisdom	O
of	O
that	O
policy	O
?	O


The	O
wisdom	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
establish	O
ties	O
with	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
certainly	O
see	O
the	O
logic	O
behind	O
that	O
.	O


Again	O
my	O
specific	O
question	O
comes	O
in	O
to	O
why	O
they	O
moved	O
the	O
refueling	O
activity	O
from	O
Djibouti	B-GPE
to	O
Aden	B-GPE
,	O
given	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
threat	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
to	O
build	O
relationships	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
another	O
thing	O
to	O
put	O
actually	O
your	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
on	O
the	O
front	O
line	O
,	O
when	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Moore	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
research	O
analyst	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Policy	I-ORG
Analysis	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
joined	O
us	O
in	O
our	O
studios	O
here	O
in	O
Boston	B-GPE
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
.	O


Several	O
Islamic	B-NORP
groups	O
are	O
claiming	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
attacks	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
on	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
destroyer	O
and	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
embassy	O
.	O


Seventeen	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
died	O
when	O
an	O
explosion	O
ripped	O
a	O
hole	O
into	O
the	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
in	O
the	O
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
Barbara	B-PERSON
Platt	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


A	O
previously	O
unknown	O
group	O
calling	O
itself	O
`	B-ORG
Martyrs	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Oaxa	I-ORG
Mosque	I-ORG
Uprising	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
had	O
bombed	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
destroyer	O
to	O
defend	O
Islamic	B-NORP
honor	O
and	O
to	O
avenge	O
the	O
blood	O
of	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
killed	O
by	O
Israelis	B-NORP
with	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
blessing	O
.	O


Arab	B-NORP
anger	O
at	O
the	O
high	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
death	O
toll	O
and	O
overwhelming	O
Israeli	B-NORP
force	O
is	O
also	O
directed	O
at	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
is	O
seen	O
as	O
biased	O
towards	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Britain	B-GPE
is	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
American	B-NORP
policies	O
here	O
.	O


A	O
second	B-ORDINAL
group	O
called	O
`	B-ORG
Mohammed	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
carried	O
out	O
both	O
the	O
ship	O
and	O
the	O
embassy	O
attacks	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
planned	O
to	O
bomb	O
all	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
British	B-NORP
embassies	O
.	O


Barbara	B-PERSON
Platt	I-PERSON
in	O
Aden	B-GPE
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
is	O
also	O
confronting	O
hostilities	O
on	O
its	O
northern	O
border	O
,	O
hostilities	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
government	O
was	O
hoping	O
would	O
end	O
when	O
it	O
withdrew	O
its	O
troops	O
from	O
Southern	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
five	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Hezbollah	B-ORG
geurillas	O
announced	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
that	O
they	O
have	O
captured	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
man	O
and	O
are	O
holding	O
him	O
along	O
with	O
3	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
they	O
nabbed	O
9	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
group	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
man	O
was	O
spying	O
for	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
intelligence	O
service	O
.	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
government	O
insists	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
a	O
private	O
businessman	O
.	O


The	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
Harding	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
the	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
capital	O
of	O
Beirut	B-GPE
.	O


Andrew	B-PERSON
Harding	I-PERSON
how	O
does	O
this	O
capture	O
affect	O
the	O
talks	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
?	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
certainly	O
is	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
help	O
matters	O
,	O
but	O
ultimately	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
the	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
is	O
deeply	O
critical	O
of	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
not	O
like	O
the	O
sort	O
of	O
deals	O
that	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
appears	O
to	O
be	O
,	O
at	O
times	O
,	O
ready	O
to	O
make	O
.	O


Though	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
if	O
they	O
could	O
stifle	O
the	O
entire	O
peace	O
process	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
,	O
then	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
they	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
lot	O
of	O
claims	O
and	O
counter	O
claims	O
about	O
this	O
captured	O
man	O
and	O
what	O
he	O
does	O
.	O


What	O
do	O
we	O
know	O
for	O
sure	O
about	O
him	O
?	O


It	O
is	O
very	O
difficult	O
to	O
be	O
sure	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
.	O


Hezbollah	B-ORG
is	O
saying	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
,	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
are	O
saying	O
another	O
and	O
when	O
we	O
are	O
talking	O
about	O
a	O
possible	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
secret	O
services	O
of	O
Mossad	B-ORG
,	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
hard	O
for	O
any	O
one	O
but	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
to	O
know	O
for	O
sure	O
.	O


Clearly	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
was	O
travelling	O
on	O
some	O
other	O
passport	O
somewhere	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
citizen	O
,	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
it	O
for	O
sure	O
.	O


Certainly	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
say	O
he	O
is	O
.	O


He	O
would	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
back	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
,	O
under	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
guard	O
.	O


Beyond	O
that	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
conflicting	O
reports	O
from	O
Israel	B-GPE
and	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
.	O


I	O
guess	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
question	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
choose	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
more	O
credible	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
difficult	O
call	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
whatever	O
his	O
identity	O
and	O
his	O
aim	O
,	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
is	O
using	O
the	O
information	O
about	O
him	O
as	O
a	O
bargaining	O
chip	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
seem	O
.	O


Husain	B-PERSON
Nebrusi	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Hezbollah	I-ORG
Information	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
in	O
Beirut	B-GPE
had	O
this	O
to	O
say	O
this	O
morning	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
not	O
tell	O
anything	O
about	O
the	O
conditions	O
of	O
these	O
Israeli	B-NORP
captured	O
soldiers	O
of	O
the	O
colonel	O
unless	O
we	O
get	O
something	O
in	O
return	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
determined	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
breach	O
of	O
the	B-LAW
Geneva	I-LAW
Convention	I-LAW
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
be	O
saying	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
prisoners	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
allowed	O
to	O
even	O
see	O
the	B-ORG
Red	I-ORG
Cross	I-ORG
as	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
for	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


We	O
did	O
n't	O
even	O
know	O
the	O
least	O
information	O
about	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
,	O
when	O
he	O
says	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
looking	O
to	O
get	O
something	O
in	O
return	O
for	O
information	O
about	O
these	O
captured	O
Israelis	B-NORP
,	O
what	O
in	O
particular	O
do	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
say	O
?	O


What	O
are	O
they	O
hoping	O
to	O
achieve	O
?	O


Specifically	O
,	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
want	O
19	B-CARDINAL
prisoners	O
that	O
are	O
currently	O
being	O
held	O
in	O
Israeli	B-NORP
jails	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
as	O
Israel	B-GPE
admits	O
,	O
as	O
bargaining	O
chit	O
in	O
this	O
'	O
Hit	O
the	O
Tag	O
Hostage	O
war	O
'	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
also	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
men	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
from	O
Iran	B-GPE
and	O
also	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
detainees	O
who	O
may	O
or	O
may	O
not	O
come	O
into	O
the	O
equation	O
even	O
when	O
this	O
negotiating	O
process	O
over	O
the	O
fate	O
of	O
these	O
hostages	O
gets	O
off	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
really	O
struggles	O
to	O
get	O
off	O
the	O
ground	O
so	O
far	O
because	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
is	O
taking	O
such	O
a	O
tough	O
line	O
.	O


Andrew	O
,	O
can	O
you	O
tell	O
us	O
about	O
the	O
ties	O
between	O
the	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
recent	O
uprising	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
criticized	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
withdrawal	O
for	O
its	O
troops	O
from	O
Southern	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
have	O
said	O
that	O
it	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
armed	O
uprisings	O
have	O
won	O
the	O
day	O
and	O
forced	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
pullout	O
.	O


Now	O
there	O
have	O
subsequently	O
been	O
accusations	O
that	O
the	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
Hezbollah	B-ORG
has	O
tried	O
to	O
influence	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
toward	O
armed	O
revolt	O
.	O


Is	O
there	O
any	O
evidence	O
of	O
this	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
the	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
certainly	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
,	O
extremely	O
popular	O
in	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
because	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
see	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
taking	O
a	O
tough	O
line	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
critical	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
compromising	O
route	O
that	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
appears	O
to	O
be	O
taking	O
.	O


There	O
have	O
been	O
traditional	O
differences	O
between	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
and	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
extreme	O
groups	O
inside	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
areas	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
and	O
other	O
groups	O
is	O
to	O
get	O
over	O
those	O
differences	O
,	O
unite	O
and	O
form	O
a	O
very	O
strong	O
overall	O
group	O
of	O
extremist	O
forces	O
dedicated	O
to	O
destroying	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
as	O
it	O
now	O
stands	O
.	O


The	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
Harding	I-PERSON
speaking	O
to	O
us	O
from	O
Beirut	B-GPE
,	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
of	O
Yemen	B-GPE
Ali	B-PERSON
Abdullah	I-PERSON
Saleh	I-PERSON
has	O
acknowledged	O
the	O
explosion	O
that	O
killed	O
the	O
17	B-CARDINAL
American	B-NORP
sailors	O
in	O
Aden	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
was	O
deliberate	O
.	O


US	B-GPE
authorities	O
insist	O
the	O
blast	O
was	O
a	O
deliberate	O
act	O
but	O
the	O
Yemenis	B-NORP
initially	O
called	O
it	O
an	O
accident	O
.	O


President	O
Salah	B-PERSON
now	O
says	O
the	O
security	O
forces	O
have	O
preliminary	O
evidence	O
that	O
shows	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
premeditated	O
criminal	O
act	O
.	O


The	O
bodies	O
of	O
2	B-CARDINAL
more	O
American	B-NORP
sailors	O
were	O
recovered	O
today	O
from	O
the	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
in	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
.	O


US	B-GPE
officials	O
are	O
on	O
the	O
scene	O
and	O
continuing	O
their	O
investigations	O
into	O
the	O
explosion	O
that	O
killed	O
17	B-CARDINAL
crewmembers	O
on	O
board	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
last	B-DATE
thursday	I-DATE
.	O


Today	B-DATE
there	O
are	O
reports	O
that	O
police	O
in	O
Aden	B-GPE
questioned	O
the	O
landlord	O
of	O
an	O
apartment	O
where	O
bomb	O
-	O
making	O
equipment	O
was	O
found	O
and	O
whose	O
occupants	O
may	O
have	O
carried	O
out	O
the	O
suicide	O
attack	O
against	O
the	O
warship	O
.	O


Also	O
today	B-DATE
at	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
's	O
homeport	O
in	O
Norfolk	B-GPE
,	O
Virginia	B-GPE
,	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
led	O
a	O
memorial	O
service	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
died	O
aboard	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
.	O


The	O
service	O
began	O
with	O
the	O
playing	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
anthem	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
asked	O
all	O
Americans	B-NORP
to	O
take	O
a	B-TIME
moment	I-TIME
to	O
thank	O
the	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
of	O
the	O
military	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
we	O
honor	O
our	O
finest	O
young	O
people	O
,	O
fallen	O
soldiers	O
who	O
rose	O
to	O
freedom	O
's	O
challenge	O
.	O


We	O
mourn	O
their	O
loss	O
,	O
celebrate	O
their	O
lives	O
,	O
and	O
offer	O
the	O
love	O
and	O
prayers	O
of	O
a	O
grateful	O
nation	O
to	O
their	O
families	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
mentioned	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
17	B-CARDINAL
victims	O
and	O
praised	O
the	O
courage	O
and	O
character	O
of	O
the	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
who	O
serve	O
in	O
the	O
armed	O
forces	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
delivered	O
this	O
clear	O
message	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
carry	O
out	O
attacks	O
on	O
members	O
of	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
.	O


For	O
those	O
who	O
attacked	O
them	O
we	O
say	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
found	O
the	O
safe	O
harbour	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
find	O
you	O
and	O
justice	O
will	O
prevail	O
.	O


America	B-GPE
will	O
not	O
stop	O
standing	O
guard	O
for	O
peace	O
,	O
or	O
freedom	O
,	O
or	O
stability	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
and	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
somber	O
ceremony	O
,	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
asked	O
everyone	O
to	O
join	O
him	O
in	O
a	O
moment	O
of	O
silence	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
hymn	O
Pantaps	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
been	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
since	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
became	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
President	O
and	O
today	B-DATE
he	O
moved	O
closer	O
to	O
consolidating	O
his	O
rule	O
outside	O
the	O
orbit	O
of	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
.	O


The	B-ORG
Montenagrian	I-ORG
Socialist	I-ORG
Peoples	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
had	O
supported	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
,	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
consider	O
joining	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
's	O
new	O
government	O
.	O


That	O
tentative	O
embrace	O
brings	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
closer	O
to	O
forming	O
a	O
new	O
cabinet	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
ride	O
the	O
wave	O
of	O
anger	O
against	O
the	O
former	O
leadership	O
as	O
he	O
builds	O
his	O
power	O
base	O
,	O
but	O
as	O
The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Nenad	B-PERSON
Sebek	I-PERSON
reports	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
easy	O
.	O


The	O
rallying	O
cry	O
for	O
anti-Milosevic	O
protestors	O
during	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
election	O
campaign	O
was	O
this	O
song	O
.	O


The	O
lyrics	O
,	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
are	O
''	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
,	O
save	O
Serbia	B-PERSON
from	O
the	O
mad	O
house	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
years	O
of	O
bickering	O
Serbia	B-GPE
's	O
17	B-CARDINAL
opposition	O
parties	O
finally	O
agreed	O
to	O
select	O
one	B-CARDINAL
candidate	O
to	O
run	O
against	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
someone	O
who	O
is	O
untainted	O
by	O
deals	O
with	O
the	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
regime	O
,	O
someone	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
solid	O
moderate	O
nationalist	O
credentials	O
.	O


Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
56	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
constitutional	O
lawyer	O
fit	O
the	O
bill	O
.	O


Back	O
then	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
told	O
this	O
reporter	O
,	O
he	O
identified	O
with	O
the	O
common	O
people	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
himself	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
been	O
living	O
this	O
sort	O
of	O
life	O
to	O
understand	O
them	O
and	O
their	O
suffering	O
.	O


That	O
respect	O
,	O
I	O
really	O
think	O
that	O
I	O
may	O
speak	O
in	O
their	O
name	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
modest	O
apartment	O
,	O
on	O
this	O
sleepy	O
street	O
in	O
downtown	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
,	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
lives	O
with	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
cats	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
dog	O
.	O


Across	O
the	O
roads	O
of	O
the	O
building	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
's	O
neighbor	O
Zabin	B-PERSON
Vradonit	I-PERSON
sits	O
in	O
a	O
cafe	O
,	O
where	O
he	O
favorably	O
judges	O
his	O
new	O
President	O
.	O


Vradonit	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
passes	O
here	O
everyday	B-DATE
,	O
says	O
`	O
hello	O
'	O
to	O
everyone	O
in	O
the	O
cafe	O
,	O
sometimes	O
stops	O
and	O
chats	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
a	O
real	O
gentleman	O
.	O


It	O
seems	O
as	O
if	O
most	O
folks	O
here	O
in	O
the	O
neighborhood	O
like	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
.	O


Nened	B-PERSON
Shrovita	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
runs	O
a	O
sportswear	O
shop	O
just	O
down	O
the	O
road	O
,	O
says	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
normal	O
ordinary	O
man	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
understands	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
he	O
has	O
no	O
intention	O
of	O
moving	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
's	O
presidential	O
residences	O
and	O
intends	O
to	O
lead	O
as	O
normal	O
a	O
life	O
as	O
is	O
possible	O
for	O
a	O
head	O
of	O
state	O
.	O


Zagurka	B-PERSON
Gulobowich	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
worked	O
with	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
for	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
at	O
the	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Philosophy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Social	I-ORG
Theory	I-ORG
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
,	O
takes	O
him	O
at	O
his	O
word	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
very	O
modest	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
quite	O
sure	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
fight	O
very	O
strongly	O
against	O
the	O
corruption	O
,	O
and	O
everything	O
,	O
which	O
characterize	O
the	O
ruling	O
party	O
and	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
that	O
includes	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
's	O
extreme	O
Serb	B-NORP
nationalism	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
used	O
to	O
justify	O
wars	O
with	O
Slovenia	B-GPE
,	O
Croatia	B-GPE
,	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
and	O
Kosovo	B-GPE
.	O


Kostunica	B-PERSON
,	O
says	O
Gulobowich	B-PERSON
,	O
is	O
different	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
that	O
aggressive	O
-	O
exclusive	O
nationalism	O
,	O
which	O
provokes	O
hatred	O
and	O
xenophobia	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
not	O
nationalist	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
ideology	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
feeling	O
.	O


He	O
likes	O
his	O
nation	O
and	O
he	O
tries	O
to	O
fight	O
for	O
the	O
interest	O
of	O
his	O
nation	O
,	O
but	O
early	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Bosnian	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
,	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
did	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
Bosnian	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Serb	I-NORP
stronghold	O
of	O
Parle	B-GPE
and	O
met	O
several	O
times	O
with	O
Vladaven	B-PERSON
Karadzic	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
later	O
indicted	O
for	O
war	O
crimes	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
never	O
supported	O
Karadzic	B-PERSON
's	O
bombing	O
of	O
Sarajevo	B-GPE
,	O
for	O
instance	O
.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Monroe	I-PERSON
,	O
deputy	O
leader	O
of	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
's	O
political	O
party	O
,	O
says	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
tried	O
to	O
dissuade	O
Karadzic	B-PERSON
from	O
ethnic	O
cleansing	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
always	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
negotiating	O
,	O
of	O
stopping	O
the	O
violence	O
.	O


He	O
never	O
sided	O
with	O
those	O
extreme	O
and	O
deplorable	O
things	O
that	O
were	O
done	O
by	O
some	O
of	O
the	B-NORP
Bosnian	I-NORP
Serbs	I-NORP
.	O


To	O
rebuild	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
will	O
need	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
in	O
securing	O
international	O
loans	O
.	O


That	O
could	O
require	O
some	O
skill	O
,	O
political	O
tap	O
dancing	O
.	O


Kostunica	B-PERSON
has	O
criticized	O
the	O
present	O
American	B-NORP
leadership	O
,	O
for	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
leading	O
the	O
Nato	B-ORG
air	O
strikes	O
against	O
his	O
country	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
when	O
he	O
received	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
Special	O
Envoy	O
to	O
the	O
Balkans	B-LOC
,	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
made	O
a	O
favorable	O
impression	O
while	O
lots	O
of	O
peddling	O
his	O
grievances	O
with	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Bulatovic	B-PERSON
says	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
was	O
able	O
to	O
pull	O
off	O
the	O
balancing	O
act	O
because	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
really	O
anti-American	B-NORP
.	O


One	O
should	O
distinguish	O
between	O
his	O
attitude	O
towards	O
present	O
or	O
rather	O
outgoing	O
American	B-NORP
administration	O
meaning	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
,	O
Madeleine	B-PERSON
Albright	I-PERSON
,	O
Holbrooke	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
is	O
highly	O
critical	O
of	O
them	O
and	O
their	O
attitude	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
always	O
put	O
forward	O
reasons	O
for	O
his	O
attitude	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
says	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
journalist	O
Dragoli	B-PERSON
Bazarcowich	I-PERSON
,	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
is	O
off	O
to	O
a	O
good	O
start	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
n't	O
made	O
a	O
single	O
mistake	O
so	O
far	O
.	O


Okay	O
,	O
when	O
he	O
met	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
special	O
emissary	O
O'Brian	B-PERSON
the	O
buttons	O
on	O
his	O
shirt	O
were	O
not	O
done	O
properly	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
only	O
thing	O
I	O
have	O
noticed	O
so	O
far	O
.	O


The	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
he	O
badly	O
needs	O
to	O
watch	O
out	O
for	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
ambitious	O
in	O
the	O
ranks	O
of	O
his	O
own	O
Democratic	B-ORG
Alliance	I-ORG
.	O


If	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
keep	O
them	O
in	O
check	O
,	O
his	O
clean	O
reputation	O
could	O
be	O
quickly	O
tarnished	O
,	O
but	O
as	O
for	O
now	O
the	O
honeymoon	O
is	O
still	O
on	O
.	O


This	O
week	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
's	O
main	O
task	O
is	O
try	O
and	O
consolidate	O
power	O
by	O
forming	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
's	O
negotiations	O
with	O
parliamentary	O
parties	O
have	O
brought	O
him	O
a	O
step	O
closer	O
but	O
not	O
yet	O
there	O
.	O


Cleaning	O
up	O
the	O
mess	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
's	O
dictatorship	O
is	O
a	O
gargantuan	O
task	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
just	O
beginning	O
,	O
not	O
only	O
for	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
but	O
the	O
whole	O
country	O
.	O


For	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
,	O
this	O
is	O
Nenad	B-PERSON
Shebek	I-PERSON
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
.	O


I	O
am	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
Mullins	I-PERSON
.	O


British	B-NORP
police	O
are	O
puzzling	O
over	O
an	O
item	O
of	O
stolen	O
property	O
which	O
has	O
just	O
been	O
recovered	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
famous	O
German	B-NORP
wartime	O
coding	O
machine	O
named	O
'	O
Enigma	B-PRODUCT
'	O
.	O


The	O
machine	O
was	O
stolen	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
from	O
a	O
museum	O
that	O
is	O
north	O
of	O
London	B-GPE
where	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
wartime	O
code	O
breakers	O
had	O
their	O
headquarters	O
.	O


The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Stephen	B-PERSON
Beard	I-PERSON
reports	O
on	O
how	O
a	B-DATE
half	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
after	O
it	O
last	O
saw	O
active	O
service	O
,	O
the	O
'	O
Enigma	B-PRODUCT
'	O
is	O
still	O
creating	O
mystery	O
.	O


Born	O
in	O
secrecy	O
before	O
the	B-EVENT
Second	I-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
,	O
the	O
Enigma	B-PRODUCT
coding	O
machine	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
intrigue	O
.	O


The	O
latest	O
chapter	O
in	O
a	O
long	O
and	O
convoluted	O
story	O
opened	O
yesterday	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
when	O
a	O
prominent	O
BBC	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
newsman	O
,	O
Jeremy	B-PERSON
Paxman	I-PERSON
,	O
received	O
a	O
suspicious	O
package	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
big	O
-	O
big	O
cardboard	O
box	O
wrapped	O
in	O
parcel	O
tape	O
,	O
inside	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
double	O
-	O
wrapped	O
.	O


Inside	O
that	O
was	O
another	O
box	O
which	O
was	O
also	O
wrapped	O
in	O
parcel	O
tape	O
.	O


Inside	O
that	O
was	O
more	O
bubble	O
wrap	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
inside	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
package	O
was	O
this	O
wooden	O
box	O
.	O


The	O
moment	O
I	O
had	O
opened	O
it	O
about	O
an	O
inch	O
,	O
I	O
thought	O
,	O
God	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
missing	O
Enigma	B-PRODUCT
machine	O
.	O


The	O
Enigma	B-PRODUCT
coding	O
machine	O
in	O
question	O
,	O
which	O
looks	O
like	O
an	O
old	O
-	O
fashioned	O
typewriter	O
went	O
missing	O
last	B-DATE
April	I-DATE
from	O
a	O
glass	O
case	O
here	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Bletchley	I-ORG
Park	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
particularly	O
rare	O
version	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
the	O
curator	O
,	O
Christine	B-PERSON
Lodge	I-PERSON
,	O
began	O
receiving	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
bizarre	O
coded	O
letters	O
demanding	O
an	O
equivalent	O
of	O
35,000	B-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
return	O
of	O
the	O
machine	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
just	O
taken	O
the	O
letters	O
absolutely	O
on	O
face	O
value	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
someone	O
called	O
'	O
the	O
master	O
'	O
involved	O
.	O


There	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
other	O
person	O
who	O
is	O
an	O
intermediary	O
.	O


Beyond	O
that	O
we	O
know	O
nothing	O
.	O


The	O
letters	O
from	O
"	O
the	O
master	O
"	O
purportedly	O
came	O
from	O
someone	O
who	O
innocently	O
bought	O
the	O
Enigma	B-PRODUCT
and	O
then	O
discovered	O
subsequently	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
stolen	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
35,000	B-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
to	O
cover	O
his	O
loss	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
the	O
money	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
he	O
would	O
destroy	O
the	O
machine	O
.	O


This	O
cloak	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
dagger	O
episode	O
matches	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
Enigma	B-PRODUCT
.	O


Despite	O
its	O
clunking	O
sound	O
it	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Hitler	B-PERSON
's	O
secret	O
weapons	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
his	O
military	O
communications	O
were	O
encoded	O
with	O
machines	O
like	O
this	O
.	O


His	O
confidence	O
was	O
not	O
surprising	O
,	O
says	O
John	B-PERSON
Gallohock	I-PERSON
,	O
archivist	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Bletchley	I-ORG
Park	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
message	O
writing	O
process	O
of	O
each	O
Enigma	B-PRODUCT
is	O
mind	O
-	O
bogglingly	O
complex	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
got	O
these	O
three	B-CARDINAL
rotors	O
each	O
with	O
26	B-CARDINAL
positions	O
,	O
26	B-CARDINAL
x	O
26	B-CARDINAL
x	O
26	B-CARDINAL
.	O


There	O
are	O
different	O
rotors	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
all	O
differently	O
wired	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
got	O
three	B-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
in	O
different	O
orders	O
,	O
60	B-CARDINAL
different	O
combinations	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
got	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
stuck	O
-	O
up	O
plugins	O
here	O
,	O
out	O
of	O
26	B-CARDINAL
,	O
that	O
will	O
add	O
two	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
different	O
combinations	O
.	O


The	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
settings	O
was	O
a	B-CARDINAL
150	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
,	O
but	O
armed	O
with	O
some	O
stolen	O
code	O
books	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
machines	O
a	O
small	O
army	O
of	O
brilliant	O
mathematicians	O
based	O
here	O
at	O
Bletchley	B-FAC
Park	I-FAC
cracked	O
the	O
code	O
and	O
eavesdropped	O
on	O
German	B-NORP
communications	O
.	O


This	O
breakthrough	O
says	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Westco	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
museum	O
trustee	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
decisive	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
gave	O
us	O
the	O
edge	O
,	O
the	O
intelligence	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
enemy	O
were	O
up	O
to	O
,	O
what	O
they	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
what	O
helped	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
war	O
period	O
by	O
two	B-CARDINAL
to	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
saving	O
lives	O
of	O
all	O
nations	O
throughout	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


This	O
story	O
does	O
not	O
yet	O
have	O
a	O
happy	O
ending	O
however	O
.	O


The	O
stolen	O
Enigma	B-PRODUCT
machine	O
returned	O
by	O
mail	O
to	O
the	O
BBC	B-ORG
is	O
missing	O
three	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
coding	O
wheel	O
.	O


Without	O
them	O
says	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Hamer	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
Enigma	B-PRODUCT
expert	O
,	O
the	O
machine	O
has	O
lost	O
much	O
of	O
its	O
value	O
.	O


The	O
machine	O
just	O
does	O
n't	O
work	O
without	O
them	O
and	O
since	O
this	O
machine	O
is	O
almost	O
unique	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
of	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
other	O
machine	O
of	O
this	O
type	O
in	O
existence	O
,	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
simply	O
substitute	O
any	O
Enigma	B-PRODUCT
wheel	O
of	O
the	B-CARDINAL
many	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
that	O
exist	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
machines	O
.	O


Museum	O
staff	O
will	O
not	O
comment	O
on	O
claims	O
that	O
'	O
the	O
master	O
'	O
has	O
now	O
demanded	O
35,000	B-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
to	O
return	O
the	O
wheels	O
.	O


The	O
package	O
containing	O
the	O
stolen	O
machine	O
does	O
n't	O
apparently	O
hold	O
any	O
clues	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
signed	O
by	O
a	B-PERSON
P.	I-PERSON
Smith	I-PERSON
from	O
a	O
fictitious	O
address	O
in	O
Birmingham	B-GPE
,	O
312	B-CARDINAL
,	O
Santos	B-FAC
Road	I-FAC
.	O


312	B-CARDINAL
is	O
the	O
machine	O
's	O
serial	O
number	O
.	O


To	O
quote	O
Churchill	B-PERSON
,	O
this	O
for	O
the	O
time	O
being	O
must	O
remain	O
a	O
riddle	O
wrapped	O
in	O
a	O
mystery	O
inside	O
an	O
Enigma	B-PRODUCT
.	O


For	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
,	O
this	O
is	O
Stephen	B-PERSON
Beard	I-PERSON
in	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
,	O
I	O
am	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
Mullins	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
coastline	O
is	O
a	O
sear	O
for	O
terrorists	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
best	O
option	O
available	O
for	O
refueling	O
ships	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
General	O
Anthony	B-PERSON
Zinni	I-PERSON
told	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
Arms	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
hearing	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Zinny	B-PERSON
was	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Command	I-ORG
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
contracted	O
for	O
refueling	O
services	O
in	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
in	O
December	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
1998	I-DATE
.	O


Today	B-DATE
he	O
took	O
full	O
responsibility	O
for	O
that	O
decision	O
saying	O
I	O
pass	O
that	O
buck	O
on	O
to	O
nobody	O
.	O


In	O
Yemen	B-GPE
officials	O
say	O
they	O
now	O
have	O
a	O
description	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
suicide	O
bombers	O
and	O
that	O
mounting	O
evidence	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
plot	O
to	O
bomb	O
the	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
may	O
have	O
originated	O
in	O
a	O
remote	O
corner	O
of	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Katy	B-PERSON
Clark	I-PERSON
has	O
the	O
latest	O
on	O
the	O
investigation	O
.	O


Yemeni	B-NORP
security	O
officials	O
today	B-DATE
said	O
that	O
during	O
a	O
search	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
of	O
an	O
Aden	B-GPE
apartment	O
that	O
turned	O
out	O
bomb	O
making	O
equipment	O
,	O
investigators	O
also	O
found	O
documents	O
they	O
believe	O
originated	O
in	O
the	O
eastern	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
province	O
of	O
Hydra	B-GPE
Mount	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
region	O
is	O
home	O
to	O
several	O
tribal	O
groups	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
known	O
to	O
kidnap	O
foreigners	O
for	O
ransom	O
.	O


Security	O
officials	O
also	O
linked	O
documents	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
vehicle	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
attackers	O
to	O
the	O
region	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
Yemeni	B-NORP
investigators	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
province	O
of	O
Hydra	B-GPE
Mount	I-GPE
hoping	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
who	O
used	O
the	O
apartment	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
seen	O
since	O
the	O
bombing	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


FBI	B-ORG
director	O
,	O
Louis	B-PERSON
Freeh	I-PERSON
visited	O
Yemen	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
to	O
view	O
the	O
investigation	O
first	O
hand	O
.	O


After	O
meeting	O
with	O
Yemen	B-GPE
's	O
President	O
Free	B-PERSON
told	O
a	O
news	O
conference	O
that	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
's	O
role	O
there	O
is	O
strictly	O
supports	O
.	O


The	O
investigation	O
is	O
being	O
run	O
by	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
police	O
and	O
security	O
authorities	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
the	O
junior	O
partner	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
very	O
pleased	O
with	O
the	O
progress	O
of	O
the	O
investigation	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
I	O
complimented	O
the	O
President	O
for	O
the	O
very	O
good	O
investigative	O
work	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
finding	O
several	O
locations	O
which	O
we	O
feel	O
may	O
be	O
relevant	O
to	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


The	O
FBI	B-ORG
director	O
also	O
toured	O
the	O
wreckage	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
and	O
described	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
tangled	O
mass	O
of	O
metal	O
and	O
wire	O
.	O


Free	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
situation	O
on	O
board	O
is	O
a	O
recovery	O
mission	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
crime	O
scene	O
.	O


When	O
asked	O
who	O
he	O
suspected	O
was	O
behind	O
the	O
attack	O
,	O
Free	B-PERSON
cautioned	O
it	O
's	O
still	O
too	O
soon	O
to	O
draw	O
conclusions	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
speculating	O
.	O


What	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
doing	O
now	O
is	O
investigating	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
we	O
do	O
,	O
though	O
we	O
do	O
it	O
best	O
if	O
we	O
do	O
it	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
facts	O
.	O


Facts	O
,	O
which	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
growing	O
clearer	O
with	O
each	O
day	O
.	O


Speaking	O
on	O
Arabic	B-NORP
satellite	O
television	O
yesterday	B-DATE
President	O
Ali	B-PERSON
Abdullah	I-PERSON
Saleh	I-PERSON
said	O
investigators	O
have	O
found	O
a	O
workshop	O
they	O
believe	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
engine	O
for	O
the	O
boat	O
that	O
transported	O
the	O
explosives	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
.	O


They	O
have	O
also	O
interviewed	O
eye	O
witnesses	O
and	O
put	O
together	O
a	O
composite	O
sketch	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
suicide	O
bombers	O
.	O


The	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
President	O
said	O
he	O
has	O
a	O
beard	O
and	O
wears	O
glasses	O
but	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
the	O
description	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
person	O
.	O


The	O
question	O
here	O
is	O
,	O
are	O
they	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
nationals	O
?	O


The	O
documents	O
show	O
they	O
are	O
from	O
Hydra	B-GPE
Mount	I-GPE
.	O


President	O
Sallah	B-PERSON
described	O
the	O
attack	O
as	O
an	O
octopus	O
of	O
an	O
operation	O
and	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
clear	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
carefully	O
planned	O
.	O


Closer	O
to	O
home	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Arms	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
today	B-DATE
began	O
an	O
examination	O
of	O
the	O
policy	O
that	O
allowed	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
to	O
dock	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
will	O
be	O
staging	O
its	O
own	O
independent	O
investigation	O
into	O
circumstances	O
surrounding	O
the	O
bombing	O
and	O
today	B-DATE
named	O
retired	O
Navy	B-ORG
Admiral	O
Harold	B-PERSON
Geeman	I-PERSON
and	O
retired	O
Army	B-ORG
General	O
William	B-PERSON
Crouch	I-PERSON
to	O
lead	O
that	O
probe	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
World	B-ORG
I	O
am	O
Katy	B-PERSON
Clark	I-PERSON
.	O


From	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
in	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
am	O
James	B-PERSON
Kowling	I-PERSON
for	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
main	O
UN	B-ORG
forum	O
on	O
human	O
rights	O
is	O
accusing	O
Israel	B-GPE
of	O
war	O
crimes	O
and	O
human	O
rights	O
abuses	O
in	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
.	O


It	O
says	O
it	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
commission	O
of	O
enquiry	O
into	O
violence	O
on	O
the	O
west	O
banks	O
of	O
Gaza	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
wants	O
its	O
High	O
Commissioner	O
,	O
Mary	B-PERSON
Robinson	I-PERSON
,	O
to	O
visit	O
the	O
region	O
.	O


From	O
Geneva	B-GPE
Claire	B-PERSON
Duvall	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


The	O
special	O
session	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
has	O
condemned	O
Israel	B-GPE
for	O
widespread	O
systematic	O
and	O
gross	O
violations	O
of	O
human	O
rights	O
in	O
the	O
occupied	O
territories	O
.	O


The	O
resolution	O
also	O
accused	O
the	O
Jewish	B-NORP
state	O
of	O
committing	O
war	O
crimes	O
against	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
mostly	O
Arab	B-NORP
,	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
recent	O
violent	O
clashes	O
.	O


The	O
UN	B-ORG
resolution	O
also	O
calls	O
for	O
the	O
setting	O
up	O
of	O
what	O
it	O
calls	O
the	B-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
Enquiry	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
.	O


This	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
established	O
by	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
High	O
Commissioner	O
for	O
Human	O
Rights	O
,	O
Mary	B-PERSON
Robinson	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
also	O
called	O
on	O
to	O
visit	O
the	O
occupied	O
territories	O
.	O


Claire	B-PERSON
Duvall	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
news	I-ORG
,	O
Geneva	B-GPE
.	O


From	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
'm	O
Anne	B-PERSON
Brazel	I-PERSON
.	O


Arab	B-NORP
leaders	O
hold	O
a	O
summit	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
in	O
Cairo	B-GPE
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
continuing	O
violence	O
between	O
Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Today	B-DATE
was	O
the	O
deadline	O
Israel	B-GPE
had	O
set	O
for	O
a	O
truce	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
deadliest	O
days	O
of	O
fighting	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
9	I-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
in	O
skirmishes	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
.	O


At	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
,	O
UN	B-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
violence	O
is	O
still	O
too	O
high	O
.	O


Linda	B-PERSON
Bascilla	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
.	O


Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
played	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
bringing	O
about	O
the	O
emergency	O
summit	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
now	O
after	O
briefing	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
on	O
his	O
efforts	O
,	O
he	O
made	O
it	O
clear	O
that	O
while	O
violence	O
has	O
decreased	O
some	O
it	O
is	O
nowhere	O
near	O
the	O
level	O
which	O
he	O
thinks	O
is	O
satisfactory	O
.	O


The	O
UN	B-ORG
chief	O
also	O
said	O
that	O
tensions	O
were	O
still	O
high	O
and	O
that	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
48	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
72	I-DATE
hours	I-DATE
would	O
be	O
crucial	O
.	O


He	O
expressed	O
hope	O
that	O
both	O
Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
would	O
stick	O
to	O
the	O
Sharm	B-GPE
el	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Sheikh	I-GPE
agreement	O
and	O
continue	O
to	O
implement	O
it	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
Annan	B-PERSON
also	O
told	O
reporters	O
that	O
he	O
hoped	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
would	O
send	O
a	O
conciliatory	O
message	O
to	O
both	O
sides	O
encouraging	O
them	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
agreement	O
.	O


For	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
I	O
'm	O
Linda	B-PERSON
d'Silva	I-PERSON
at	O
the	B-FAC
United	I-FAC
Nations	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
Navy	B-ORG
has	O
changed	O
its	O
account	O
of	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


Officials	O
now	O
say	O
the	O
ship	O
was	O
hit	O
nearly	B-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
after	O
it	O
had	O
docked	O
.	O


Initially	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
said	O
the	O
explosion	O
occurred	O
while	O
several	O
boats	O
were	O
helping	O
the	O
ship	O
to	O
tie	O
up	O
.	O


The	O
change	O
raises	O
new	O
questions	O
about	O
how	O
the	O
attackers	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
past	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
security	O
.	O


From	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
in	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
'm	O
James	B-PERSON
Kowling	I-PERSON
for	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
accusation	O
and	O
counter-accusation	O
amid	O
widespread	O
violence	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
worst	O
clashes	O
took	O
place	O
between	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
Israelis	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
towns	O
of	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
and	O
Nabulas	B-GPE
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
leaders	O
are	O
accusing	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
of	O
embarking	O
on	O
a	O
killing	O
rampage	O
.	O


The	O
Israelis	B-NORP
in	O
turn	O
are	O
accusing	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leadership	O
of	O
failing	O
to	O
meet	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
deadline	O
for	O
ending	O
the	O
violence	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Line	I-PERSON
has	O
more	O
.	O


Just	O
as	O
the	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
taking	O
hold	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
brutal	O
clashes	O
erupted	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
town	O
of	O
Nabulas	B-GPE
,	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
demonstrators	O
were	O
involved	O
in	O
what	O
was	O
a	O
relatively	O
routine	O
demonstration	O
.	O


Suddenly	O
gunfire	O
broke	O
out	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
clear	O
who	O
started	O
it	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
demonstrators	O
scattered	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
prolonged	O
gunfight	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
evening	O
Israeli	B-NORP
helicopter	O
gun	O
ships	O
have	O
used	O
their	O
machine	O
guns	O
in	O
a	O
confrontation	O
near	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Bethlehem	B-GPE
.	O


Amidst	O
this	O
tension	O
,	O
a	O
busload	O
of	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
apparently	O
took	O
a	O
wrong	O
turning	O
into	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
area	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
town	O
of	O
Tukaram	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Israelis	B-NORP
say	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
police	O
opened	O
fire	O
causing	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
injuries	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Line	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
news	O
survey	O
show	O
the	O
support	O
for	O
South	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
President	O
Thabo	B-GPE
Mbeki	I-GPE
is	O
dropping	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Democracy	I-ORG
in	I-ORG
South	I-ORG
Africa	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
conducted	O
the	O
survey	O
,	O
found	O
that	O
only	O
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
all	B-NORP
South	I-NORP
Africans	I-NORP
approve	O
of	O
the	O
way	O
their	O
President	O
has	O
handled	O
his	O
job	O
.	O


Embeke	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
widely	O
criticized	O
for	O
questioning	O
the	O
causal	O
link	O
between	O
HIV	O
and	O
AIDS	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
a	O
pandemic	O
,	O
which	O
threatens	O
to	O
decimate	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
the	O
government	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
South	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
President	O
will	O
be	O
withdrawing	O
from	O
the	O
public	O
debate	O
about	O
AIDS	O
.	O


The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Carolyn	B-PERSON
Demster	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Johannesburg	B-GPE
on	O
the	O
saga	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
tainted	O
Embeke	B-PERSON
's	O
image	O
.	O


President	O
Embeke	B-PERSON
's	O
personal	O
interest	O
in	O
HIV	O
and	O
AIDS	O
began	O
during	O
a	O
late	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
session	O
surfing	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O


He	O
located	O
the	O
views	O
of	O
dissident	O
scientists	O
who	O
dispute	O
the	O
causal	O
link	O
between	O
HIV	O
and	O
AIDS	O
,	O
solicited	O
their	O
opinions	O
and	O
then	O
invited	O
them	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
a	B-ORG
Presidential	I-ORG
Advisory	I-ORG
Panel	I-ORG
of	O
AIDS	O
experts	O
.	O


South	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
scientists	O
were	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
question	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
meddling	O
in	O
a	O
scientific	O
debate	O
,	O
which	O
they	O
contended	O
,	O
was	O
already	O
over	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
pressured	O
into	O
silence	O
.	O


A	O
declaration	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
foremost	O
5000	B-CARDINAL
AIDS	O
researchers	O
and	O
scientists	O
,	O
stating	O
unequivocally	O
that	O
HIV	O
leads	O
to	O
AIDS	O
was	O
contemptuously	O
dismissed	O
as	O
fit	O
only	O
for	O
the	O
dustbin	O
by	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
spokesman	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
in	O
a	O
bid	O
to	O
clarify	O
his	O
stance	O
,	O
President	O
Embeke	B-PERSON
addressed	O
Parliament	B-ORG
on	O
the	O
matter	O
.	O


The	O
program	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
thesis	O
that	O
HIV	O
causes	O
AIDS	O
.	O


But	O
Embeke	B-PERSON
did	O
n't	O
stop	O
there	O
.	O


AIDS	O
is	O
Acquired	O
Immune	O
Deficiency	O
Syndrome	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
sensible	O
thing	O
to	O
ask	O
-	O
Does	O
one	B-CARDINAL
virus	O
cause	O
a	O
syndrome	O
?	O


A	O
virus	O
can	O
not	O
cause	O
a	O
syndrome	O
,	O
and	O
AIDS	O
is	O
a	O
syndrome	O
.	O


It	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
pure	O
semantics	O
but	O
the	O
President	O
has	O
resolutely	O
refused	O
to	O
say	O
clearly	O
that	O
HIV	O
causes	O
AIDS	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
accused	O
his	O
critics	O
of	O
racism	O
when	O
they	O
point	O
to	O
unsafe	O
sexual	O
practices	O
and	O
the	O
high	O
incidents	O
of	O
rape	O
in	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
to	O
explain	O
why	O
an	O
estimated	O
1700	B-CARDINAL
more	O
people	O
are	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
HI	O
virus	O
everyday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
ensuing	O
public	O
debate	O
has	O
left	O
South	B-NORP
Africans	I-NORP
,	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
uneducated	O
and	O
illiterate	O
,	O
confused	O
and	O
helpless	O
.	O


Here	O
at	O
Berthwana	B-ORG
Hospital	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
anti-natal	O
clinic	O
on	O
the	O
outskirts	O
of	O
Suheto	B-GPE
the	O
extent	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
is	O
frightening	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
Africa	B-LOC
's	O
largest	O
hospital	O
and	O
daily	B-DATE
the	O
wards	O
fill	O
with	O
patients	O
with	O
AIDS	O
related	O
illnesses	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
anti-natal	O
clinic	O
slightly	B-CARDINAL
less	I-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
of	O
pregnant	O
women	O
test	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
HI	O
virus	O
.	O


Their	O
only	O
hope	O
for	O
their	O
unborn	O
children	O
is	O
to	O
sign	O
up	O
for	O
a	O
trial	O
research	O
program	O
.	O


This	O
means	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
treated	O
free	O
of	O
charge	O
with	O
antiretroviral	O
drugs	O
,	O
which	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
proven	O
in	O
clinical	O
trials	O
elsewhere	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
to	O
dramatically	O
reduce	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
mother	O
to	O
child	O
transmission	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
date	O
the	O
South	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
government	O
has	O
refused	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
drugs	O
at	O
state	O
hospitals	O
arguing	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
too	O
expensive	O
.	O


Florencen	B-PERSON
Gubeni	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
counselor	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
HIV	I-ORG
AIDS	I-ORG
Peri-natal	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Unit	I-ORG
.	O


She	O
is	O
HIV	O
positive	O
and	O
also	O
lost	O
her	O
child	O
to	O
AIDS	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
is	O
angry	O
with	O
President	O
Embeke	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
one	B-CARDINAL
man	O
that	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
he	O
can	O
make	O
a	O
difference	O
by	O
saying	O
something	O
positive	O
and	O
being	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
person	O
who	O
does	O
n't	O
understand	O
whether	O
HIV	O
does	O
cause	O
AIDS	O
.	O


So	O
of	O
course	O
though	O
we	O
follow	O
him	O
.	O


he	O
's	O
the	O
President	O
.	O


he	O
's	O
the	O
man	O
.	O


he	O
's	O
black	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
and	O
HIV	O
in	O
reality	O
is	O
affecting	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
black	O
men	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
take	O
his	O
statement	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
we	O
see	O
that	O
men	O
are	O
starting	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
We	O
are	O
men	O
,	O
We	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
HIV	O
,	O
Even	O
our	O
President	O
says	O
so	O
,	O
Why	O
should	O
we	O
use	O
condoms	O
?	O
You	O
women	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
have	O
HIV	O
,	O
Do	O
it	O
,	O
It	O
's	O
your	O
own	O
will	O
.	O
'	O


Florencen	B-PERSON
Gubeni	I-PERSON
also	O
says	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
attitude	O
has	O
made	O
her	O
job	O
as	O
an	O
AIDS	O
educator	O
doubly	O
difficult	O
,	O
especially	O
persuading	O
men	O
to	O
wear	O
condoms	O
.	O


I	O
really	O
appreciate	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
admit	O
personally	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
made	O
a	O
mistake	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
said	O
something	O
that	O
has	O
caused	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
confusion	O
.	O


But	O
President	O
Embeke	B-PERSON
is	O
n't	O
backing	O
down	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
reported	O
to	O
have	O
said	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
was	O
conspiring	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
thesis	O
that	O
HIV	O
causes	O
AIDS	O
,	O
this	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
boost	O
the	O
profits	O
of	O
major	O
pharmaceutical	O
companies	O
which	O
manufacture	O
antiretroviral	O
drugs	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
alleged	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
wider	O
plot	O
to	O
undermine	O
both	O
him	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
attempts	O
to	O
obtain	O
a	O
more	O
equitable	O
world	O
economic	O
order	O
.	O


Conspiracy	O
theories	O
aside	O
,	O
the	O
reality	O
is	O
that	O
hundreds	O
of	O
thousands	O
of	O
South	B-NORP
Africans	I-NORP
are	O
suffering	O
and	O
dying	O
needlessly	O
in	O
vivid	O
contrast	O
to	O
developing	O
nations	O
like	O
Uganda	B-GPE
,	O
Thailand	B-GPE
and	O
Brazil	B-GPE
where	O
the	O
governments	O
have	O
adopted	O
a	O
pro-active	O
role	O
in	O
manufacturing	O
low	O
-	O
cost	O
antiretroviral	O
drugs	O
and	O
are	O
running	O
highly	O
successful	O
AIDS	O
education	O
and	O
condom	O
campaigns	O
.	O


For	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
I	O
'm	O
Carolyn	B-PERSON
Demster	I-PERSON
in	O
Johannesburg	B-GPE
.	O


From	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
am	O
Corey	B-PERSON
Flintoff	I-PERSON
.	O


Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
fought	O
in	O
the	O
streets	O
one	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
after	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
said	O
his	O
nation	O
is	O
taking	O
a	O
break	O
from	O
peace	O
talks	O
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
began	O
negotiations	O
today	B-DATE
with	O
his	O
hard	O
line	O
opponents	O
in	O
parliament	O
,	O
considering	O
ways	O
to	O
bring	O
them	O
into	O
a	O
coalition	O
government	O
,	O
a	O
development	O
that	O
could	O
keep	O
Israel	B-GPE
out	O
of	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
for	O
months	B-DATE
.	O


Today	B-DATE
Israeli	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
closed	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
airport	O
and	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
and	O
blockaded	O
a	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
town	O
,	O
where	O
gunmen	O
had	O
allegedly	O
fired	O
on	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
neighborhood	O
that	O
Israel	B-GPE
claims	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


For	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
musical	O
closure	O
,	O
we	O
meet	O
a	O
band	O
that	O
's	O
just	O
recorded	O
its	O
own	O
rendition	O
of	O
a	O
pop	O
hit	O
made	O
famous	O
by	O
Sarah	B-PERSON
McClauclin	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
's	O
only	O
fair	O
,	O
the	O
band	O
called	O
Solace	B-ORG
helped	O
McClauclin	B-PERSON
write	O
the	O
Grammy	B-WORK_OF_ART
winner	O
'	B-WORK_OF_ART
I	I-WORK_OF_ART
will	I-WORK_OF_ART
Remember	I-WORK_OF_ART
You	I-WORK_OF_ART
'	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Solace	B-ORG
,	O
though	O
,	O
is	O
not	O
just	O
another	O
folk	O
pop	O
band	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
known	O
for	O
its	O
traditional	O
Irish	B-NORP
music	O
.	O


The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Stephen	B-PERSON
Snyder	I-PERSON
has	O
our	O
story	O
.	O


Like	O
the	O
famous	O
Irish	B-NORP
group	O
the	O
Chieftains	B-ORG
and	O
Alton	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
group	O
Solace	B-ORG
frequently	O
headlines	O
in	O
Celtic	B-NORP
festivals	O
.	O


They	O
bring	O
audiences	O
to	O
their	O
feet	O
with	O
virtual	O
self	O
playing	O
of	O
traditional	O
fiddle	O
tunes	O
,	O
jigs	O
and	O
reels	O
,	O
but	O
unlike	O
the	O
other	O
stars	O
of	O
the	O
Irish	B-NORP
circuit	O
,	O
Solace	B-ORG
got	O
their	O
start	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
members	O
of	O
Solace	B-ORG
,	O
including	O
superstar	O
fiddler	O
Winfred	B-PERSON
Horan	I-PERSON
are	O
Irish	B-NORP
Americans	I-NORP
,	O
the	O
remaining	O
two	B-CARDINAL
are	O
Irish	B-NORP
transplants	O
living	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


Winfred	B-PERSON
Horan	I-PERSON
stepped	O
into	O
Irish	B-NORP
music	O
literally	O
.	O


From	O
childhood	O
she	O
competed	O
in	O
Irish	B-NORP
step	O
dancing	O
competitions	O
winning	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
North	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
titles	O
.	O


She	O
also	O
took	O
up	O
traditional	O
fiddle	O
at	O
a	O
young	O
age	O
,	O
but	O
soon	O
turned	O
to	O
classical	O
violin	O
.	O


She	O
devoted	O
fifteen	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
classical	O
training	O
and	O
performance	O
including	O
string	O
quartets	O
,	O
orchestras	O
and	O
a	O
stint	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
Pops	I-ORG
before	O
returning	O
to	O
Irish	B-NORP
music	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
90's	I-DATE
.	O


Flute	O
player	O
Shamus	B-PERSON
Eagan	I-PERSON
comes	O
from	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
Solace	B-ORG
he	O
serves	O
as	O
the	O
utility	O
player	O
,	O
handling	O
not	O
only	O
flute	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
Irish	B-NORP
hand	O
drum	O
,	O
the	O
boran	O
and	O
the	O
Indian	B-NORP
pipes	O
.	O


And	O
Eagan	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
only	O
American	B-NORP
ever	O
to	O
have	O
won	O
four	O
all	O
Ireland	B-GPE
championships	O
,	O
for	O
banjo	O
,	O
tin	O
whistle	O
,	O
flute	O
and	O
mandolin	O
playing	O
.	O


Eagan	B-PERSON
's	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
film	O
score	O
for	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Brothers	I-WORK_OF_ART
McMullin	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
led	O
him	O
to	O
co-author	O
a	O
song	O
with	O
folk	O
pop	O
diva	O
Sarah	B-PERSON
McClauklin	I-PERSON
.	O


On	O
this	O
new	O
CD	O
from	O
Solace	B-ORG
,	O
'	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hour	I-WORK_OF_ART
before	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dawn	I-WORK_OF_ART
'	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
Eagan	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
group	O
offer	O
a	O
traditional	O
re-rendering	O
of	O
the	O
song	O
McClauklin	B-PERSON
made	O
famous	O
,	O
'	B-WORK_OF_ART
I	I-WORK_OF_ART
will	I-WORK_OF_ART
Remember	I-WORK_OF_ART
You	I-WORK_OF_ART
'	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


That	O
's	O
Dierdre	B-PERSON
Scandlin	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
newest	O
member	O
of	O
Solace	B-ORG
,	O
who	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
group	O
just	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


She	O
says	O
singing	O
a	O
song	O
that	O
Sarah	B-PERSON
McClauklin	I-PERSON
had	O
already	O
recorded	O
twice	O
was	O
a	O
little	O
intimidating	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
group	O
made	O
a	O
conscious	O
attempt	O
to	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
version	O
that	O
would	O
stand	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
does	O
.	O


For	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
,	O
I	O
am	O
Stephen	B-PERSON
Snyder	I-PERSON
.	O


In	O
the	O
cold	O
and	O
wind	O
whipped	O
waters	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Barents	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
,	O
divers	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
raise	O
the	O
bodies	O
of	O
118	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
from	O
the	O
wrecked	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
.	O


The	O
nuclear	O
submarine	O
went	O
down	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
after	O
two	B-CARDINAL
explosions	O
ripped	O
through	O
it	O
.	O


Now	O
Russian	B-NORP
and	O
Norwegian	B-NORP
divers	O
are	O
making	O
a	O
man	O
-	O
sized	O
hole	O
in	O
the	O
hull	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
step	O
in	O
bringing	O
the	O
remains	O
of	O
the	O
crewmembers	O
back	O
to	O
shore	O
.	O


The	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
Steve	B-PERSON
Rosenberg	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Murmosk	B-GPE
.	O


Steve	B-PERSON
Rosenberg	I-PERSON
,	O
where	O
are	O
they	O
now	O
in	O
this	O
salvage	O
operation	O
?	O


How	O
is	O
it	O
coming	O
along	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
the	O
international	O
team	O
of	O
deep	O
-	O
sea	O
divers	O
has	O
made	O
good	O
progress	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
if	O
you	O
remember	O
,	O
the	O
weather	O
was	O
extremely	O
bad	O
.	O


Storms	O
,	O
very	O
high	O
waves	O
,	O
very	O
difficult	O
conditions	O
for	O
the	O
divers	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
storm	O
has	O
cleared	O
today	B-DATE
and	O
from	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
the	O
divers	O
have	O
been	O
down	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Barents	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
,	O
working	O
on	O
cutting	O
out	O
this	O
hole	O
in	O
the	O
inner	O
hull	O
of	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
.	O


What	O
happens	O
once	O
they	O
do	O
finish	O
?	O


Do	O
they	O
actually	O
enter	O
the	O
submarine	O
?	O


How	O
do	O
they	O
go	O
about	O
extracting	O
the	O
bodies	O
of	O
the	O
submariners	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
enter	O
straight	O
away	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
jagged	O
edges	O
around	O
this	O
hole	O
,	O
because	O
one	B-CARDINAL
tear	O
of	O
the	O
protective	O
suits	O
of	O
the	O
divers	O
could	O
prove	O
fatal	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
dangerous	O
operation	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
may	O
send	O
in	O
a	O
television	O
camera	O
,	O
a	O
remote	O
-	O
controled	O
television	O
camera	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
look	O
around	O
and	O
see	O
what	O
the	O
conditions	O
are	O
like	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
,	O
based	O
upon	O
the	O
weather	O
conditions	O
,	O
a	O
decision	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
whether	O
to	O
go	O
inside	O
and	O
begin	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
bodies	O
.	O


The	O
weather	O
is	O
so	O
vital	O
because	O
if	O
the	O
weather	O
is	O
stormy	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
winds	O
are	O
strong	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
makes	O
it	O
extremely	O
dangerous	O
for	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
divers	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
going	O
inside	O
.	O


The	O
fear	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
umbilical	O
cord	O
linking	O
the	O
divers	O
'	O
suits	O
could	O
get	O
tangled	O
,	O
could	O
get	O
damaged	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
order	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
prove	O
fatal	O
.	O


Are	O
there	O
also	O
concerns	O
regarding	O
disrupting	O
the	O
nuclear	O
fuel	O
aboard	O
the	O
submarine	O
?	O


Are	O
there	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
environmental	O
concerns	O
?	O


The	O
Russian	B-NORP
officials	O
say	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
environmental	O
concerns	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
.	O


A	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
small	O
hole	O
was	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
inner	O
hull	O
of	O
the	O
kursk	B-PRODUCT
and	O
water	O
samples	O
were	O
taken	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
tested	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
came	O
back	O
very	O
encouraging	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
no	O
hint	O
of	O
radiation	O
or	O
leaking	O
fuel	O
,	O
anything	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
think	O
officials	O
are	O
confident	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
safe	O
to	O
go	O
inside	O
,	O
but	O
having	O
said	O
that	O
,	O
once	O
inside	O
there	O
are	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
dangers	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
face	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
divers	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
,	O
visibility	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
very	O
low	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
bitterly	O
cold	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
enormous	O
danger	O
from	O
jagged	O
pieces	O
of	O
metal	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
swimming	O
around	O
in	O
the	O
submarine	O
.	O


Given	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
so	O
many	O
dangers	O
and	O
that	O
these	O
divers	O
are	O
risking	O
their	O
own	O
lives	O
,	O
I	O
wonder	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
consideration	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
this	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
really	O
worth	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
have	O
some	O
suggested	O
just	O
leaving	O
the	O
sailors	O
'	O
bodies	O
there	O
and	O
respecting	O
the	O
site	O
as	O
a	O
grave	O
?	O


Yes	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
people	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
are	O
suggesting	O
that	O
this	O
operation	O
is	O
not	O
worth	O
risking	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
more	O
people	O
,	O
risking	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
the	O
deep	O
-	O
sea	O
divers	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
relatives	O
of	O
the	O
crewmembers	O
who	O
died	O
in	O
this	O
tragedy	O
,	O
they	O
too	O
are	O
saying	O
that	O
the	O
operation	O
should	O
be	O
cancelled	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
many	O
of	O
the	O
relatives	O
met	O
the	O
chief	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Russian	I-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
and	O
suggested	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
,	O
but	O
President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
gave	O
his	O
word	O
that	O
the	O
operation	O
would	O
go	O
ahead	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
does	O
seem	O
as	O
if	O
the	O
operation	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
continue	O
.	O


Are	O
there	O
any	O
new	O
explanations	O
coming	O
down	O
as	O
to	O
what	O
caused	O
this	O
disaster	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
today	B-DATE
the	O
chief	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Russian	I-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
,	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Kuroyedov	I-PERSON
,	O
he	O
actually	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
eighty	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
sure	O
that	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
had	O
collided	O
with	O
a	O
submarine	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
.	O


So	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
no	O
other	O
official	O
word	O
,	O
final	O
word	O
about	O
what	O
actually	O
caused	O
this	O
tragedy	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
government	O
commission	O
which	O
was	O
set	O
up	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
causes	O
of	O
the	O
tragedy	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
whittled	O
out	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
possible	O
causes	O
to	O
three	B-CARDINAL
.	O


They	O
have	O
said	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
either	O
a	O
collision	O
with	O
a	O
foreign	O
submarine	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
collision	O
with	O
a	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
mine	O
,	O
or	O
it	O
could	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
torpedo	O
on	O
board	O
misfiring	O
.	O


They	O
simply	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
,	O
but	O
as	O
I	O
say	O
,	O
Admiral	O
Koryerov	B-PERSON
has	O
said	O
he	O
does	O
believe	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
collision	O
with	O
a	O
submarine	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
sure	O
now	O
whether	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
foreign	O
submarine	O
or	O
a	O
Russian	B-NORP
one	O
?	O


The	O
chief	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Russian	I-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
did	O
n't	O
actually	O
specify	O
a	O
foreign	O
submarine	O
,	O
but	O
certainly	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
been	O
suggesting	O
all	O
along	O
that	O
a	O
foreign	O
submarine	O
was	O
involved	O
.	O


The	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
Steve	B-PERSON
Rosenberg	I-PERSON
speaking	O
to	O
us	O
from	O
Mermosk	B-GPE
.	O


Steve	B-PERSON
Rosenberg	I-PERSON
,	O
thank	O
you	O
for	O
the	O
update	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
welcome	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
World	I-ORG
Food	I-ORG
Program	I-ORG
,	O
WFP	B-ORG
,	O
says	O
up	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
could	O
die	O
of	O
starvation	O
unless	O
it	O
receives	O
more	O
aid	O
from	O
donors	O
.	O


The	O
country	O
has	O
been	O
hit	O
by	O
its	O
worst	O
drought	O
in	O
30	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
report	O
from	O
Katy	B-PERSON
Clark	I-PERSON
.	O


The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Food	I-ORG
Program	I-ORG
says	O
its	O
stocks	O
of	O
food	O
aid	O
are	O
due	O
to	O
run	O
out	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
,	O
months	B-DATE
before	O
the	O
next	O
harvest	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
.	O


Donations	O
of	O
wheat	O
for	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
have	O
traditionally	O
come	O
from	O
western	O
governments	O
.	O


WFP	B-ORG
blames	O
general	O
donor	O
fatigue	O
for	O
their	O
inadequate	O
response	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
pleading	O
for	O
donors	O
to	O
give	O
more	O
food	O
aid	O
for	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
or	O
face	O
a	O
catastrophe	O
.	O


Conditions	O
in	O
many	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
are	O
at	O
crisis	O
point	O
.	O


Many	O
families	O
have	O
already	O
sold	O
their	O
livestock	O
and	O
household	O
goods	O
to	O
buy	O
food	O
,	O
and	O
still	O
have	O
only	O
1	B-CARDINAL
or	O
2	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	O
starvation	O
rations	O
left	O
.	O


Katy	B-PERSON
Clark	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Islamabad	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
opened	O
parliament	O
today	B-DATE
with	O
only	O
a	O
minority	O
government	O
behind	O
him	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
a	O
promise	O
of	O
support	O
that	O
could	O
keep	O
his	O
government	O
operating	O
for	O
at	B-DATE
least	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


An	O
ultra-orthodox	O
party	O
said	O
it	O
will	O
support	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
dwindling	O
coalition	O
for	O
30	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
when	O
he	O
negotiates	O
with	O
the	O
right	O
wing	O
Likud	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
government	O
of	O
national	O
unity	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
violence	O
between	O
Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
demonstrators	O
stretched	O
into	O
its	O
33rd	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


Gunmen	O
killed	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
guard	O
and	O
a	O
missing	O
Israeli	B-NORP
was	O
found	O
murdered	O
on	O
the	O
outskirts	O
of	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
wounded	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
40	I-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Five	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
yesterday	B-DATE
bringing	O
the	O
overall	O
death	O
toll	O
to	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
140	I-CARDINAL
.	O


This	O
is	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


This	O
is	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
.	O


I	O
am	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
Mullins	I-PERSON
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
rowdy	O
session	O
of	O
parliament	O
that	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
addressed	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
Israeli	B-NORP
lawmakers	O
had	O
assembled	O
since	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
uprising	O
began	O
a	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Prime	O
Minister	O
Barak	B-PERSON
told	O
the	O
legislature	O
that	O
he	O
believes	O
peace	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
is	O
still	O
possible	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
Israel	B-GPE
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
partner	O
prepared	O
to	O
make	O
compromises	O
.	O


A	O
spirit	O
of	O
compromise	O
was	O
also	O
hard	O
to	O
find	O
in	O
the	O
parliament	O
,	O
as	O
The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Katy	B-PERSON
Clark	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
optimism	O
that	O
peace	O
can	O
still	O
be	O
achieved	O
comes	O
as	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
struggles	O
to	O
keep	O
his	O
left	O
center	O
party	O
in	O
office	O
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
working	O
without	O
a	O
parliamentary	O
majority	O
since	O
July	B-DATE
when	O
right	O
wing	O
and	O
religious	O
parties	O
deserted	O
his	O
coalition	O
government	O
in	O
protest	O
over	O
the	O
way	O
he	O
was	O
handling	O
peace	O
negotiations	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
third	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
party	O
,	O
the	O
ultra-orthodox	O
Shaff	B-ORG
agreed	O
to	O
support	O
Barak	B-PERSON
for	O
the	O
time	O
being	O
,	O
but	O
while	O
that	O
seems	O
to	O
have	O
won	O
the	O
beleaguered	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
a	O
reprieve	O
,	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
stop	O
other	O
right	O
wing	O
legislators	O
from	O
shouting	O
down	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
address	O
to	O
parliament	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
also	O
had	O
to	O
contend	O
with	O
furious	O
Arab	B-NORP
-	O
Israeli	B-NORP
legislators	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
I	O
have	O
no	O
confidence	O
in	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
.	O


Law	O
maker	O
Acnit	O
T.b	O
.	O


We	O
presented	O
already	O
a	O
non-confidence	O
motion	O
,	O
my	O
party	O
the	B-ORG
Arab	I-ORG
Movement	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Change	I-ORG
and	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
discussed	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
had	O
hoped	O
to	O
open	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
session	O
by	O
announcing	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
a	O
national	O
emergency	O
unity	O
government	O
with	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
opposition	O
Likud	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
but	O
negotiations	O
this	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
to	O
form	O
such	O
a	O
coalition	O
were	O
inconclusive	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
just	O
as	O
well	O
according	O
to	O
Shible	B-PERSON
Tel	I-PERSON
Hamie	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Brooklyn	I-ORG
Institution	I-ORG
.	O


Tel	B-PERSON
Hamie	I-PERSON
acknowledges	O
that	O
if	O
Barak	B-PERSON
had	O
succeeded	O
in	O
getting	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
to	O
join	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
government	O
,	O
the	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
majority	O
in	O
parliament	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
would	O
also	O
be	O
in	O
a	O
bind	O
internationally	O
because	O
with	O
sharon	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
nice	O
image	O
internationally	O
,	O
who	O
went	O
alone	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
and	O
clearly	O
,	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
would	O
be	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
cooperate	O
with	O
that	O
government	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
faces	O
a	O
major	O
tension	O
between	O
his	O
peace	O
agenda	O
and	O
his	O
domestic	O
agenda	O
.	O


As	O
if	O
Barak	B-PERSON
needed	O
any	O
reminding	O
of	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
chief	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiator	O
Saeb	B-PERSON
Eraket	I-PERSON
today	B-DATE
criticized	O
Barak	B-PERSON
for	O
tailoring	O
his	O
speech	O
to	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
right	O
wing	O
.	O


Arakat	B-PERSON
predicted	O
that	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
latest	O
political	O
maneuvering	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
negative	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


For	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
,	O
I	O
am	O
Katy	B-PERSON
Clark	I-PERSON
.	O


From	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
in	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
'm	O
Gregor	B-PERSON
Cragy	I-PERSON
for	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
helicopters	O
have	O
attacked	O
buildings	O
used	O
by	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
officials	O
only	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
after	O
the	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
told	O
parliament	O
he	O
believes	O
peace	O
is	O
still	O
possible	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
helicopters	O
reportedly	O
fired	O
missiles	O
at	O
offices	O
of	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
's	O
`	O
Fatah	B-ORG
movement	O
'	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
officials	O
say	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
casualties	O
and	O
little	O
damage	O
.	O


Earlier	O
Barak	B-PERSON
said	O
peace	O
could	O
still	O
be	O
achieved	O
but	O
only	O
if	O
certain	O
conditions	O
are	O
met	O
.	O


If	O
violence	O
is	O
reduced	O
and	O
a	O
fact	O
finding	O
American	B-NORP
led	O
committee	O
go	O
to	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
ready	O
to	O
go	O
there	O
and	O
help	O
put	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
violence	O
.	O


The	O
chief	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiator	O
Syeb	B-PERSON
Arakat	I-PERSON
said	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
speech	O
was	O
aimed	O
at	O
forming	O
a	O
coalition	O
with	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
right	O
wing	O
and	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
negative	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


You	O
want	O
tight	O
harmony	O
singing	O
?	O


How	O
about	O
these	O
guys	O
?	O


President	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
of	O
Cuba	B-GPE
and	O
Hugo	B-PERSON
Chavez	I-PERSON
of	O
Venezuela	B-GPE
made	O
beautiful	O
music	O
together	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
maybe	O
not	O
so	O
beautiful	O
music	O
but	O
they	O
did	O
break	O
into	O
song	O
yesterday	B-DATE
on	O
Chavez	B-PERSON
's	O
call	O
in	O
radio	O
show	O
.	O


Castro	B-PERSON
had	O
more	O
to	O
sing	O
about	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
before	O
returning	O
home	O
to	O
Cuba	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
learned	O
that	O
Venezuela	B-GPE
has	O
agreed	O
to	O
provide	O
Cuba	B-GPE
with	O
cheap	O
oil	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
Chavez	B-PERSON
,	O
he	O
is	O
singing	O
a	O
different	O
more	O
aggressive	O
tune	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Maria	B-PERSON
Soreas	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Caracas	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Venezuelan	B-NORP
leader	O
is	O
pushing	O
parliament	O
to	O
pass	O
an	O
enabling	O
law	O
that	O
would	O
grant	O
him	O
special	O
powers	O
.	O


The	O
enabling	O
law	O
will	O
give	O
President	O
Chavez	B-PERSON
the	O
right	O
to	O
legislate	O
by	O
decree	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
he	O
could	O
rush	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
laws	O
through	O
parliament	O
,	O
not	O
just	O
economic	O
and	O
financial	O
reforms	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
laws	O
dealing	O
with	O
security	O
and	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
national	O
police	O
force	O
.	O


Responding	O
to	O
his	O
critics	O
,	O
Chavez	B-PERSON
recently	O
defended	O
his	O
bid	O
for	O
power	O
in	O
a	O
televized	O
speech	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
the	O
matter	O
is	O
exceptional	O
.	O


The	O
enabling	O
law	O
is	O
a	O
constitutional	O
measure	O
within	O
a	O
normal	O
economic	O
social	O
and	O
political	O
situation	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
purposes	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
to	O
accelerate	O
solutions	O
to	O
our	O
many	O
problems	O
.	O


Although	O
many	O
members	O
of	O
Venezuela	B-GPE
's	O
National	B-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
are	O
grumbling	O
about	O
the	O
enabling	O
law	O
,	O
Haber	B-PERSON
Cuniket	I-PERSON
professor	O
of	O
political	O
science	O
at	O
Desimum	B-ORG
Boulevard	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
has	O
no	O
doubt	O
they	O
will	O
give	O
Chavez	B-PERSON
,	O
what	O
he	O
wants	O
.	O


Given	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
already	O
controlled	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
,	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
likely	O
that	O
the	O
law	O
will	O
be	O
passed	O
and	O
the	O
general	O
feeling	O
is	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
hurry	O
in	O
approving	O
the	O
legislation	O
because	O
the	O
President	O
seems	O
to	O
feel	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
running	O
out	O
of	O
time	O
with	O
the	O
popular	O
support	O
he	O
has	O
gotten	O
ever	O
since	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


Cuniket	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
public	O
pressure	O
on	O
Chavez	B-PERSON
to	O
live	O
up	O
to	O
his	O
many	O
campaign	O
promises	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
distributing	O
land	O
and	O
wealth	O
more	O
equally	O
among	O
Venezuelans	B-NORP
.	O


Deputies	O
from	O
the	O
opposition	O
are	O
voicing	O
their	O
discontent	O
.	O


Beneta	B-PERSON
Tikong	I-PERSON
belongs	O
to	O
a	O
party	O
called	O
Democratic	B-ORG
Action	I-ORG
.	O


Tikong	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
her	O
party	O
is	O
radically	O
opposed	O
to	O
giving	O
Chavez	B-PERSON
the	O
special	O
powers	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
,	O
the	O
constitution	O
can	O
grant	O
leaders	O
such	O
concentrated	O
authority	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
only	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
emergency	O
.	O


Granting	O
Chavez	B-PERSON
special	O
powers	O
also	O
concerns	O
Professor	O
Kenike	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
says	O
the	O
President	O
's	O
deputies	O
will	O
contribute	O
by	O
giving	O
him	O
even	O
more	O
power	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
worrisome	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
extreme	O
powers	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
be	O
almost	O
like	O
a	O
king	O
,	O
able	O
to	O
decide	O
whatever	O
he	O
wants	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
been	O
very	O
hard	O
against	O
governors	O
and	O
mayors	O
throughout	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
he	O
seemed	O
to	O
prefer	O
centralized	O
kind	O
of	O
government	O
than	O
a	O
decentralized	O
one	O
.	O


Centralizing	O
power	O
under	O
Chavez	B-PERSON
seems	O
risky	O
to	O
many	O
.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
is	O
already	O
leery	O
of	O
the	O
unpredictable	O
leader	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
hosting	O
Cuba	B-GPE
's	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
and	O
has	O
visited	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
.	O


As	O
President	O
of	O
OPEC	B-ORG
,	O
he	O
has	O
struck	O
at	O
oil	O
consuming	O
nations	O
like	O
the	O
U.S	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
the	O
last	O
OPEC	B-ORG
summit	O
,	O
Chavez	B-PERSON
called	O
soaring	O
prices	O
for	O
oil	O
fair	O
,	O
giving	O
nations	O
like	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
charge	O
for	O
the	O
products	O
they	O
sell	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
Venezuelans	B-NORP
fear	O
that	O
once	O
their	O
Assembly	B-ORG
grants	O
Chavez	B-PERSON
special	O
powers	O
,	O
the	O
President	O
will	O
have	O
one	B-DATE
full	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
pass	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
40	I-CARDINAL
new	O
laws	O
and	O
then	O
he	O
can	O
ask	O
for	O
an	O
extension	O
to	O
continue	O
ruling	O
by	O
decree	O
.	O


For	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
,	O
I	O
am	O
Mario	B-PERSON
Soreas	I-PERSON
in	O
Caracas	B-GPE
.	O


Senior	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
peace	O
negotiators	O
are	O
both	O
expected	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
situation	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
negotiators	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
meet	O
separately	O
with	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Madeleine	B-PERSON
Albright	I-PERSON
.	O


NPR	B-ORG
's	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Gilton	I-PERSON
has	O
more	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leaders	O
are	O
both	O
striking	O
a	O
defiant	O
tone	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
Chairman	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
is	O
accusing	O
Israel	B-GPE
of	O
destroying	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
,	O
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
continues	O
to	O
say	O
he	O
wants	O
timeout	O
from	O
the	O
negotiations	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
ongoing	O
violence	O
,	O
but	O
neither	O
leader	O
wants	O
to	O
cut	O
all	O
ties	O
to	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
says	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
has	O
agreed	O
to	O
send	O
his	O
senior	O
peace	O
negotiator	O
,	O
Saab	B-PERSON
Erekat	I-PERSON
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
to	O
meet	O
with	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Albright	B-PERSON
before	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Albright	B-PERSON
is	O
also	O
expected	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Shlama	B-PERSON
Ben	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
some	O
time	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
though	O
the	O
Israeli	O
government	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
confirmed	O
a	O
date	O
for	O
that	O
meeting	O
.	O


State	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
spokesman	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Voucher	I-PERSON
said	O
both	O
meetings	O
will	O
be	O
devoted	O
largely	O
to	O
a	O
discussion	O
of	O
ways	O
to	O
reduce	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
violence	O
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
Gilton	I-PERSON
,	O
NPR	B-ORG
news	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


From	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
in	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
am	O
Gregor	B-PERSON
Craigy	I-PERSON
for	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
.	O


A	O
Singapore	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
747	B-PRODUCT
flying	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
has	O
crashed	O
.	O


Flight	B-PRODUCT
SQ006	I-PRODUCT
was	O
carrying	O
179	B-CARDINAL
passengers	O
and	O
crew	O
when	O
it	O
crashed	O
in	O
flames	O
shortly	O
after	O
takeoff	O
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
65	I-CARDINAL
people	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
and	O
around	B-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
passengers	O
remain	O
unaccounted	O
for	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Chezan	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


Survivors	O
from	O
the	O
Singapore	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
flight	O
described	O
how	O
the	O
plane	O
was	O
taxing	O
down	O
the	O
runway	O
when	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
loud	O
noise	O
and	O
the	O
aircraft	O
split	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
.	O


An	O
American	B-NORP
passenger	O
said	O
he	O
had	O
almost	O
decided	O
not	O
to	O
board	O
the	O
plane	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
he	O
called	O
unbelievable	O
wind	O
and	O
rain	O
.	O


Survivors	O
described	O
how	O
the	O
tail	O
section	O
turned	O
over	O
several	O
times	O
,	O
leaving	O
passengers	O
hanging	O
by	O
their	O
safety	O
belts	O
.	O


Some	O
were	O
quickly	O
engulfed	O
by	O
flames	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
survivor	O
described	O
seeing	O
a	O
man	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
put	O
it	O
,	O
"	O
lit	O
up	O
like	O
a	O
torch	O
.	O
"	O


"	O
Flames	O
shot	O
up	O
right	O
next	O
to	O
me	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
jet	O
fuel	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
place	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Chezan	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


This	O
is	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
co-production	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
BBC	I-ORG
World	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
PRI	B-ORG
and	O
WGBH	B-ORG
in	O
Boston	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
am	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
Mullins	I-PERSON
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
40	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
Columbia	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
engulfed	O
in	O
a	O
civil	O
war	O
which	O
has	O
claimed	O
35,000	B-CARDINAL
lives	O
since	O
1990	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
government	O
is	O
pinning	O
hopes	O
of	O
ending	O
the	O
conflict	O
on	O
what	O
it	O
calls	O
Plan	B-EVENT
Colombia	I-EVENT
.	O


A	O
seven	B-MONEY
and	I-MONEY
a	I-MONEY
half	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
package	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
push	O
the	O
left	O
wing	O
guerillas	O
towards	O
a	O
peace	O
deal	O
by	O
stemming	O
the	O
lucrative	O
drug	O
trade	O
that	O
finances	O
their	O
movements	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
'll	O
hear	O
in	O
a	O
moment	O
,	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
role	O
in	O
Plan	B-EVENT
Colombia	I-EVENT
could	O
be	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
initial	O
foreign	O
policy	O
dilemmas	O
to	O
face	O
the	O
next	O
U.S.	B-GPE
President	O
,	O
but	O
first	B-ORDINAL
we	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
Colombian	B-NORP
city	O
of	O
Beranka	B-GPE
Bremeha	I-GPE
,	O
where	O
as	O
The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Steven	B-PERSON
Doddly	I-PERSON
reports	O
,	O
the	O
killing	O
and	O
the	O
suffering	O
continue	O
.	O


A	O
woman	O
bellows	O
in	O
pain	O
at	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
her	O
16	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
sister	O
.	O


Her	O
dizzying	O
cries	O
for	O
answers	O
to	O
her	O
sister	O
's	O
death	O
,	O
shake	O
even	O
the	O
usually	O
unflappable	O
police	O
investigators	O
that	O
are	O
arriving	O
at	O
the	O
funeral	O
home	O
.	O


Just	B-TIME
an	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
earlier	I-TIME
,	O
her	O
sister	O
was	O
shot	O
on	O
the	O
head	O
by	O
suspected	O
left	O
wing	O
guerillas	O
.	O


The	O
motive	O
is	O
n't	O
clear	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
rumors	O
she	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
doing	O
favors	O
for	O
the	O
rebel	O
's	O
enemies	O
,	O
the	O
right	O
wing	O
paramilitaries	O
.	O


She	O
may	O
simply	O
have	O
been	O
dating	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
all	O
speculation	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
but	O
what	O
's	O
true	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
easy	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
target	O
in	O
this	O
city	O
of	O
200,000	B-CARDINAL
inhabitants	O
.	O


Father	O
Hose	B-PERSON
Figadua	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
works	O
for	O
the	O
archdiocese	O
says	O
over	B-CARDINAL
400	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
already	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
a	O
battle	O
between	O
warring	O
factions	O
over	O
the	O
precious	O
territory	O
that	O
surrounds	O
Beranka	B-GPE
Bremeha	I-GPE
.	O


Around	O
here	O
there	O
are	O
oil	O
,	O
gold	O
and	O
nickel	O
deposits	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
also	O
great	O
land	O
for	O
raising	O
cattle	O
and	O
agriculture	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
dominated	O
the	O
area	O
,	O
the	O
guerillas	O
want	O
to	O
maintain	O
control	O
.	O


Columbia	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
oil	O
refinery	O
is	O
here	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
west	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
also	O
large	O
tracks	O
of	O
coca	O
fields	O
,	O
the	O
raw	O
material	O
for	O
cocaine	O
.	O


The	O
fight	O
to	O
control	O
profits	O
from	O
the	O
illegal	O
coca	O
trade	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
illegal	O
gasoline	O
market	O
has	O
spilled	O
onto	O
Beranka	B-GPE
Bremeha	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
streets	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
commercial	O
district	O
,	O
an	O
employee	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Rositas	I-ORG
Fabric	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Clothing	I-ORG
Store	I-ORG
shouts	O
out	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
bargain	O
prices	O
of	O
the	O
Pa	O
.	O


Rositas	B-ORG
lies	O
on	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
main	O
thoroughfares	O
.	O


In	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
store	O
,	O
street	O
vendors	O
hawk	O
watches	O
,	O
jewelry	O
and	O
t	O
-	O
shirts	O
.	O


In	O
June	B-DATE
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
suspected	O
paramilitary	O
gunmen	O
entered	O
this	O
store	O
,	O
moved	O
their	O
way	O
past	O
the	O
towels	O
and	O
sheets	O
and	O
up	O
the	O
marble	O
staircase	O
to	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
before	O
they	O
reached	O
their	O
targets	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
relatives	O
of	O
the	O
store	O
's	O
owner	O
.	O


After	O
pumping	O
several	O
rounds	O
into	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
businessmen	O
,	O
witnesses	O
say	O
the	O
men	O
calmly	O
walked	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
store	O
and	O
sped	O
away	O
on	O
their	O
motorcycle	O
.	O


Speaking	O
over	O
the	O
din	O
of	O
the	O
refinery	O
,	O
Vopunsa	B-PERSON
Dunke	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
representative	O
of	O
a	O
local	O
development	O
agency	O
here	O
,	O
says	O
Beranka	B-GPE
Bremeha	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
war	O
has	O
no	O
boundaries	O
.	O


These	O
assassinations	O
break	O
all	O
the	O
rules	O
.	O


They	O
've	O
killed	O
right	O
here	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
busiest	O
areas	O
,	O
where	O
there	O
are	O
lots	O
of	O
cars	O
and	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
where	O
there	O
are	O
plenty	O
of	O
police	O
that	O
should	O
be	O
easily	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
control	O
this	O
area	O
.	O


Dunke	B-PERSON
and	O
others	O
suspected	O
the	O
authorities	O
are	O
selectively	O
enforcing	O
the	O
law	O
by	O
ignoring	O
the	O
paramilitary	O
's	O
attacks	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
town	O
and	O
instead	O
are	O
focussing	O
mainly	O
on	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
guerilla	O
controlled	O
territories	O
.	O


On	O
a	O
side	O
street	O
in	O
Beranka	B-GPE
Bremeha	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
north	O
west	O
neighborhoods	O
,	O
police	O
stop	O
a	O
pick	O
-	O
up	O
and	O
check	O
the	O
driver	O
's	O
identity	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
his	O
cab	O
.	O


This	O
roadblock	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
police	O
operation	O
to	O
seek	O
out	O
urban	O
rebels	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
notorious	O
for	O
its	O
guerilla	O
presence	O
.	O


Many	O
nearby	O
buildings	O
are	O
decorated	O
with	O
rebel	O
perfidy	O
and	O
murals	O
,	O
celebrating	O
Latin	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
revolutionaries	O
.	O


Just	O
a	O
few	O
blocks	O
away	O
the	O
former	O
police	O
station	O
sits	O
in	O
rubble	O
.	O


The	O
police	O
abandoned	O
the	O
station	O
after	O
repeated	O
guerilla	O
attacks	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
soccer	O
field	O
,	O
just	B-QUANTITY
25	I-QUANTITY
yards	I-QUANTITY
away	O
from	O
the	O
roadblock	O
,	O
a	O
police	O
unit	O
has	O
gathered	O
over	B-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
suspects	O
to	O
bring	O
in	O
for	O
background	O
checks	O
.	O


Hydo	B-PERSON
Perez	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
in	O
charge	O
at	O
this	O
police	O
investigation	O
,	O
says	O
the	O
neighborhood	O
is	O
dangerous	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
guerillas	O
sometimes	O
react	O
to	O
the	O
police	O
presence	O
.	O


They	O
think	O
this	O
is	O
their	O
territory	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
arrive	O
,	O
they	O
feel	O
invaded	O
and	O
then	O
indiscriminately	O
shoot	O
at	O
us	O
or	O
set	O
bombs	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
are	O
afraid	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
get	O
caught	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
a	O
clash	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
back	O
room	O
where	O
the	O
funeral	O
followed	O
,	O
police	O
investigators	O
survey	O
the	O
corpse	O
of	O
the	O
beautiful	O
16	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
girl	O
killed	O
by	O
suspected	O
guerillas	O
.	O


They	O
turned	O
and	O
twisted	O
her	O
limp	O
body	O
to	O
inspect	O
the	O
bullet	O
wounds	O
.	O


These	O
men	O
have	O
seen	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
victims	O
,	O
students	O
,	O
housewives	O
,	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
and	O
businessmen	O
among	O
others	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
one	O
hits	O
the	O
police	O
hard	O
because	O
of	O
her	O
age	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
so	O
young	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
comments	O
,	O
too	O
young	O
to	O
die	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
's	O
unrelenting	O
civil	O
war	O
.	O


For	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
,	O
I	O
am	O
Steven	B-PERSON
Dudley	I-PERSON
in	O
Beranka	B-GPE
Bremeha	I-GPE
,	O
Columbia	B-GPE
.	O


Eight	B-CARDINAL
more	O
people	O
were	O
killed	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
,	O
four	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
four	B-CARDINAL
Israelis	B-NORP
.	O


A	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
ambush	O
on	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
settler	O
convoy	O
is	O
the	O
latest	O
escalation	O
in	O
nearly	B-DATE
seven	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
conflict	O
.	O


NPR	B-ORG
's	O
Jennifer	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


The	O
convoy	O
was	O
travelling	O
near	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
city	O
of	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
on	O
a	O
stretch	O
of	O
road	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
military	O
.	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
spokesman	O
said	O
there	O
were	O
two	B-CARDINAL
simultaneous	O
attacks	O
at	O
an	O
intersection	O
.	O


A	O
witness	O
described	O
a	O
civilian	O
car	O
and	O
Israeli	B-ORG
Army	I-ORG
bus	O
riddled	O
with	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
bullets	O
.	O


The	O
attack	O
is	O
the	O
latest	O
sign	O
of	O
a	O
shift	O
in	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
uprising	O
from	O
daytime	O
demonstrations	O
by	O
stone	O
throwing	O
youth	O
to	O
nighttime	O
guerilla	O
-	O
style	O
action	O
.	O


An	O
Israeli	B-NORP
government	O
spokesman	O
calls	O
it	O
warfare	O
and	O
Army	B-ORG
officials	O
warned	O
they	O
will	O
stiffen	O
their	O
response	O
further	O
.	O


The	O
attacks	O
were	O
largely	O
carried	O
out	O
by	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
police	O
and	O
security	O
organizations	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
received	O
weapons	O
from	O
Israel	B-GPE
under	O
past	O
peace	O
accords	O
.	O


Jennifer	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
,	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
shot	O
and	O
killed	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
today	B-DATE
as	O
Israel	B-GPE
tightened	O
its	O
blockade	O
of	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
cities	O
.	O


Officials	O
said	O
that	O
closure	O
was	O
punishment	O
for	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
drive	O
-	O
by	O
shootings	O
that	O
killed	O
four	B-CARDINAL
Israelis	B-NORP
.	O


NPR	B-ORG
's	O
Jennifer	B-PERSON
Loden	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
not	O
being	O
allowed	O
to	O
enter	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
are	O
not	O
permitted	O
to	O
travel	O
between	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
cities	O
now	O
.	O


Such	O
collective	O
punishment	O
is	O
illegal	O
under	O
Geneva	B-LAW
conventions	I-LAW
.	O


Israeli	B-GPE
officials	O
say	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
can	O
cross	O
checkpoints	O
for	O
humanitarian	O
reasons	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
village	O
near	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
residents	O
said	O
a	O
34	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
man	O
died	O
after	O
Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
refused	O
to	O
let	O
him	O
go	O
to	O
a	O
hospital	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
had	O
a	O
heart	O
condition	O
and	O
had	O
inhaled	O
tear	O
gas	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
media	O
said	O
the	O
Army	B-ORG
is	O
considering	O
further	O
travel	O
restriction	O
for	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
prevent	O
more	O
drive	O
-	O
by	O
shootings	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
official	O
calls	O
the	O
new	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
conflict	O
,	O
the	O
war	O
of	O
the	O
roads	O
.	O


Palestinians	B-NORP
warned	O
that	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
they	O
'll	O
attempt	O
to	O
block	O
the	O
roads	O
to	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settlements	O
.	O


Jennifer	B-PERSON
Loden	I-PERSON
,	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Neither	O
candidate	O
will	O
be	O
declared	O
the	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
until	O
at	B-DATE
least	I-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
.	O


That	O
's	O
when	O
the	O
overseas	O
ballots	O
will	O
be	O
counted	O
and	O
factored	O
into	O
the	O
candidates	O
'	O
final	O
totals	O
.	O


The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Jennifer	B-PERSON
Glass	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
are	O
Floridians	B-NORP
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Because	O
abroad	O
are	O
n't	O
counted	O
in	O
our	O
census	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
knows	O
how	O
many	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
one	O
knows	O
how	O
many	O
voted	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
did	O
it	O
like	O
Margaret	B-PERSON
Sawn	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
working	O
in	O
Costa	B-GPE
Rica	I-GPE
,	O
says	O
she	O
is	O
glad	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
before	O
Americans	B-NORP
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
went	O
to	O
the	O
polls	O
that	O
she	O
cast	O
her	O
absentee	O
ballot	O
for	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
.	O


Well	O
,	O
because	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
was	O
going	O
after	O
the	O
outer	O
voters	O
very	O
hard	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
feel	O
Friday	B-DATE
would	O
be	O
important	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
think	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
get	O
down	O
to	O
this	O
but	O
who	O
would	O
n't	O
.	O


Here	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
Frances	B-PERSON
Deek	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
retired	O
teacher	O
who	O
lived	O
in	O
Britain	B-GPE
for	O
18	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


She	O
says	O
she	O
cast	O
her	O
absentee	O
ballot	O
for	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
.	O


Deek	B-PERSON
says	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
she	O
has	O
had	O
to	O
defend	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
political	O
system	O
.	O


Britains	B-NORP
who	O
notice	O
she	O
is	O
American	B-NORP
,	O
have	O
let	O
her	O
know	O
what	O
they	O
think	O
of	O
the	O
elections	O
.	O


They	O
keep	O
saying	O
,	O
"	O
Oh	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
that	O
terrible	O
.	O


The	O
biggest	O
democracy	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
falling	O
apart	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
say	O
it	O
is	O
because	O
we	O
are	O
a	O
democracy	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
happening	O
this	O
way	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
because	O
everybody	O
gets	O
the	O
vote	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
because	O
people	O
will	O
not	O
let	O
things	O
slide	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
everything	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
democracy	O
.	O


But	O
for	O
Americans	B-NORP
abroad	O
,	O
says	O
Geek	B-PERSON
,	O
participating	O
in	O
democracy	O
voting	O
is	O
more	O
work	O
then	O
for	O
Americans	B-NORP
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
very	O
conscious	O
effort	O
and	O
it	O
takes	O
mailing	O
two	B-CARDINAL
things	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
vote	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
send	O
in	O
your	O
card	O
to	O
start	O
with	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
when	O
you	O
get	O
the	O
ballot	O
bag	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
send	O
the	O
ballot	O
back	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
harder	O
than	O
if	O
you	O
just	O
wandered	O
up	O
to	O
your	O
poll	O
on	O
Election	B-DATE
Day	I-DATE
and	O
voted	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
registered	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
town	O
of	O
Ramad	B-GPE
Beithshamuz	I-GPE
,	O
Karen	B-PERSON
London	I-PERSON
originally	O
from	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
,	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
says	O
she	O
and	O
her	O
husband	O
almost	O
did	O
n't	O
vote	O
.	O


Her	O
ballot	O
arrived	O
late	O
.	O


Her	O
husband	O
said	O
voting	O
was	O
a	O
waste	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
insisted	O
and	O
mailed	O
their	O
ballots	O
.	O


Now	O
London	B-PERSON
says	O
she	O
is	O
glad	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
listen	O
to	O
her	O
husband	O
and	O
so	O
is	O
he	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
think	O
anything	O
of	O
it	O
and	O
so	O
when	O
my	O
grandson	O
called	O
Wednesday	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
to	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Wake	O
up	O
,	O
today	B-DATE
your	O
vote	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
count	O
'	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
was	O
really	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
our	O
vote	O
not	O
only	O
does	O
it	O
count	O
like	O
it	O
shows	O
in	O
any	O
election	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
really	O
counts	O
in	O
the	O
final	O
and	O
we	O
voted	O
an	O
absentee	O
ballot	O
.	O


But	O
Londons	B-PERSON
did	O
n't	O
say	O
which	O
way	O
they	O
voted	O
but	O
they	O
have	O
cast	O
ballots	O
in	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Presidential	O
elections	O
held	O
since	O
they	O
moved	O
to	O
Israel	B-GPE
9	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
says	O
Karen	B-GPE
,	O
has	O
been	O
special	O
and	O
a	O
little	O
frightening	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
quite	O
a	O
daunting	O
feeling	O
to	O
think	O
that	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
of	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
and	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
our	O
vote	O
counts	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
count	O
more	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
citizen	O
's	O
vote	O
,	O
in	O
this	B-TIME
particular	I-TIME
moment	I-TIME
it	O
counts	O
more	O
than	O
everybody	O
else	O
's	O
,	O
because	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
.	O


Major	O
Mikiang	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Floridian	B-NORP
based	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
is	O
from	O
Okichobee	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
says	O
despite	O
the	O
waiting	O
,	O
the	O
court	O
cases	O
and	O
the	O
uncertainty	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
worried	O
that	O
there	O
'll	O
be	O
a	O
constitutional	O
crisis	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
have	O
any	O
concerns	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
very	O
confident	O
that	O
our	O
form	O
of	O
government	O
that	O
checks	O
and	O
balances	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
set	O
the	O
process	O
up	O
and	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
is	O
moving	O
,	O
so	O
many	O
things	O
to	O
fall	O
back	O
on	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
process	O
moving	O
,	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
really	O
concerned	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
radio	O
announcer	O
here	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
made	O
an	O
accurate	O
and	O
insightful	O
comment	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


At	O
a	O
time	O
like	O
this	O
with	O
the	O
Presidency	O
hanging	O
in	O
the	O
balance	O
,	O
in	O
many	O
nations	O
the	O
generals	O
have	O
moved	O
in	O
.	O


In	O
America	B-GPE
the	O
lawyers	O
do	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
World	B-ORG
,	O
I	O
am	O
Jennifer	B-PERSON
Glass	I-PERSON
in	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


If	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
has	O
officially	O
restored	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
with	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
announced	O
the	O
move	O
during	O
his	O
visit	O
to	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
,	O
calling	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
remarkable	O
,	O
following	O
the	O
democratic	O
election	O
of	O
President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
ouster	O
of	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
said	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
will	O
provide	O
45	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
food	O
aid	O
to	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
from	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
a	O
historic	O
speech	O
,	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
addressed	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
,	O
urging	O
them	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
Americans	B-NORP
to	O
heal	O
the	O
wounds	O
of	O
war	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
also	O
spoke	O
of	O
the	O
staggering	O
sacrifice	O
of	O
the	O
3	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Vietnamese	B-NORP
soldiers	O
and	O
civilians	O
who	O
died	O
during	O
the	O
conflict	O
.	O


Let	O
us	O
continue	O
to	O
help	O
each	O
other	O
heal	O
the	O
wounds	O
of	O
war	O
,	O
not	O
by	O
forgetting	O
the	O
bravery	O
shown	O
and	O
the	O
tragedy	O
suffered	O
by	O
all	O
sides	O
,	O
but	O
by	O
embracing	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
reconciliation	O
and	O
the	O
courage	O
to	O
build	O
better	O
tomorrows	O
for	O
our	O
children	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
also	O
raised	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
human	O
rights	O
but	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
stress	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
was	O
not	O
trying	O
to	O
impose	O
its	O
own	O
ideals	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
already	O
shown	O
the	O
world	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
takes	O
its	O
own	O
decisions	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
has	O
ordered	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
to	O
stop	O
shooting	O
at	O
Israeli	B-NORP
targets	O
from	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
controlled	O
territory	O
,	O
but	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
says	O
words	O
are	O
not	O
enough	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
Israel	B-GPE
is	O
waiting	O
for	O
action	O
.	O


BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
for	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
.	O


I	O
am	O
Gregor	B-PERSON
Cragey	I-PERSON
.	O


This	O
is	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
co-production	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
BBC	I-ORG
World	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
,	O
PRI	B-ORG
and	O
WGBH	B-ORG
in	O
Boston	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
am	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Kahn	I-PERSON
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
has	O
won	O
a	O
victory	O
in	O
the	O
fight	O
for	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
this	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
.	O


The	B-ORG
Florida	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
has	O
ruled	O
that	O
certification	O
of	O
election	O
results	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
made	O
this	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
court	O
will	O
hear	O
more	O
arguments	O
on	O
that	O
,	O
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
tally	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
overseas	O
absentee	O
ballots	O
is	O
also	O
underway	O
this	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
,	O
with	O
Gore	B-PERSON
so	O
far	O
trailing	O
George	B-PERSON
W	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
,	O
though	O
still	O
by	O
a	O
small	O
margin	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
has	O
fired	O
on	O
offices	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
injuring	O
62	B-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
says	O
it	O
's	O
retaliation	O
for	O
a	O
bomb	O
attack	O
on	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
school	O
bus	O
in	O
the	O
occupied	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


NPR	B-ORG
's	O
Jennifer	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
helicopter	O
gun	O
ships	O
fired	O
across	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
for	O
more	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
hitting	O
the	O
offices	O
of	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
police	O
,	O
security	O
services	O
and	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
political	O
party	O
,	O
Fatah	B-ORG
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
defense	O
officials	O
accused	O
Fatah	B-ORG
of	O
carrying	O
out	O
the	O
bus	O
attack	O
.	O


Though	O
provided	O
no	O
evidence	O
,	O
Fatah	B-ORG
officials	O
denied	O
the	O
link	O
.	O


The	O
bus	O
bombing	O
killed	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Jewish	B-NORP
settlers	O
including	O
a	O
schoolteacher	O
and	O
also	O
wounded	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
others	O
,	O
including	O
several	O
children	O
.	O


A	O
brother	O
and	O
sister	O
had	O
to	O
have	O
parts	O
of	O
their	O
legs	O
and	O
feet	O
amputated	O
.	O


Angry	O
settlers	O
gathered	O
around	O
the	O
bus	O
with	O
its	O
melon	O
-	O
sized	O
holes	O
,	O
denouncing	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
for	O
exercising	O
too	O
much	O
restraint	O
,	O
but	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
warned	O
that	O
the	O
missile	O
attacks	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
would	O
dangerously	O
escalate	O
their	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
conflict	O
.	O


Jennifer	B-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
,	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Elsewhere	O
,	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
was	O
killed	O
in	O
clashes	O
that	O
erupted	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
hours	B-TIME
after	O
the	O
bomb	O
attack	O
.	O


The	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
faction	O
headed	O
by	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
said	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
avenge	O
the	O
deaths	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
members	O
who	O
were	O
killed	O
today	B-DATE
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
.	O


Later	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
day	I-TIME
,	O
a	O
car	O
bombing	O
in	O
the	O
northern	O
Israeli	B-NORP
town	O
of	O
Hadera	B-GPE
,	O
killed	O
two	B-CARDINAL
people	O
and	O
injured	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
said	O
he	O
would	O
retaliate	O
.	O


Corey	B-PERSON
Flintoff	I-PERSON
,	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
China	B-GPE
a	O
campaign	O
against	O
fake	O
goods	O
has	O
netted	O
43	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
counterfeit	O
products	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
trade	O
in	O
bogus	O
goods	O
is	O
thought	O
to	O
cost	O
companies	O
tens	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
billions	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
lost	O
revenues	O
each	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
officials	O
say	O
enforcing	O
the	O
law	O
is	O
often	O
dangerous	O
with	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
government	O
inspector	O
killed	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


Officials	O
say	O
some	O
corrupt	O
local	O
government	O
officials	O
are	O
protecting	O
the	O
pirates	O
.	O


The	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
,	O
Duncan	B-PERSON
Hewat	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
.	O


Multinational	O
companies	O
investing	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
had	O
become	O
so	O
angry	O
that	O
they	O
recently	O
set	O
up	O
an	O
anti-piracy	O
league	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
to	O
pressure	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
to	O
take	O
action	O
.	O


Domestic	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
also	O
suffering	O
,	O
launched	O
a	O
similar	O
body	O
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


China	B-GPE
recently	O
introduced	O
a	O
new	O
law	O
increasing	O
fines	O
against	O
producers	O
of	O
fake	O
goods	O
from	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
profit	O
made	O
to	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
goods	O
produced	O
,	O
but	O
many	O
observers	O
say	O
this	O
is	O
still	O
not	O
a	O
sufficient	O
deterrent	O
.	O


Chinese	B-NORP
media	O
have	O
said	O
that	O
fake	O
products	O
are	O
humiliating	O
the	O
nation	O
and	O
undermining	O
public	O
morality	O
,	O
and	O
while	O
the	O
fakes	O
are	O
often	O
so	O
well	O
packaged	O
that	O
even	O
the	O
real	O
manufacturers	O
ca	O
n't	O
tell	O
the	O
difference	O
,	O
the	O
products	O
inside	O
are	O
often	O
downright	O
dangerous	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
says	O
it	O
is	O
determined	O
to	O
tackle	O
the	O
problem	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
moves	O
towards	O
joining	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
Duncan	B-PERSON
Hewat	I-PERSON
.	O


GOP	B-ORG
vice	O
-	O
presidential	O
nominee	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
celebrated	O
Thanksgiving	B-DATE
in	O
a	O
Washington	B-GPE
D.C.	I-GPE
hospital	O
where	O
he	O
is	O
recovering	O
from	O
what	O
doctors	O
said	O
was	O
a	O
mild	O
heart	O
attack	O
.	O


Cheney	B-PERSON
got	O
a	O
telephone	O
call	O
from	O
his	O
democratic	B-NORP
counterpart	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
wishing	O
him	O
a	O
speedy	O
recovery	O
.	O


The	O
hospital	O
spokeswoman	O
said	O
that	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
could	O
go	O
home	O
as	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
as	I-DATE
tomorrow	I-DATE
if	O
his	O
recovery	O
continues	O
to	O
go	O
well	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
Corey	B-PERSON
Flintoff	I-PERSON
,	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
New	B-GPE
Delhi	I-GPE
today	B-DATE
,	O
Indians	B-NORP
like	O
Americans	B-NORP
are	O
consuming	O
their	O
favorite	O
traditional	O
foods	O
,	O
roties	O
,	O
dal	O
and	O
increasingly	O
burgers	O
and	O
fries	O
.	O


The	O
Golden	O
Arches	O
and	O
the	O
Kentucky	B-GPE
Colonel	O
are	O
becoming	O
familiar	O
sites	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
as	O
the	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Tinku	B-PERSON
Ray	I-PERSON
reports	O
,	O
many	O
Indians	B-NORP
are	O
giving	O
a	O
fast	O
welcome	O
to	O
fast	O
food	O
.	O


Visit	O
any	O
McDonalds	B-FAC
in	O
the	O
capital	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
packed	O
with	O
families	O
,	O
the	O
young	O
and	O
old	O
enthusiastically	O
eating	O
their	O
burgers	O
and	O
fries	O
.	O


The	O
American	B-NORP
fast	O
food	O
giant	O
opened	O
its	O
first	B-ORDINAL
outlet	O
in	O
India	B-GPE
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
and	O
has	O
now	O
expanded	O
to	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
around	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


But	O
imagine	O
a	O
McDonalds	B-FAC
without	O
beef	O
,	O
no	O
big	O
macs	O
,	O
no	O
cheese	O
burgers	O
,	O
instead	O
the	O
choice	O
is	O
McAlu	B-PRODUCT
tikki	O
burger	O
or	O
chicken	O
kebabs	O
.	O


Vikram	B-PERSON
Bakshi	I-PERSON
,	O
Managing	O
Director	O
of	O
McDonalds	B-ORG
India	I-ORG
explains	O
the	O
customized	O
menu	O
.	O


We	O
knew	O
that	O
we	O
were	O
in	O
a	O
country	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
culturally	O
sensitive	O
.	O


From	O
day	B-DATE
one	I-DATE
we	O
went	O
beefless	O
and	O
porkless	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
could	O
look	O
after	O
the	O
sentiments	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
Hindus	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Muslims	B-NORP
.	O


From	O
day	B-DATE
one	I-DATE
we	O
knew	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
issue	O
about	O
vegetarianism	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
conscious	O
about	O
it	O
and	O
we	O
did	O
a	O
segregation	O
in	O
our	O
kitchens	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
unheard	O
of	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
strategy	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
popular	O
one	O
for	O
McDonalds	B-ORG
,	O
as	O
a	O
sample	O
poll	O
of	O
lunchtime	O
customers	O
outside	O
a	O
restaurant	O
in	O
South	B-GPE
Delhi	I-GPE
shows	O
.	O


We	O
get	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
variety	O
here	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
tasty	O
also	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
offered	O
you	O
only	O
,	O
say	O
,	O
a	O
fully	O
western	O
menu	O
,	O
would	O
it	O
still	O
appeal	O
to	O
you	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
no	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
good	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
both	O
,	O
the	O
Western	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Indian	B-NORP
,	O
both	O
.	O


The	O
food	O
here	O
offered	O
is	O
a	O
lot	O
better	O
than	O
what	O
you	O
find	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
what	O
ways	O
?	O


Here	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
it	O
's	O
American	B-NORP
as	O
well	O
as	O
Indian	B-NORP
taste	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
wise	O
move	O
for	O
them	O
because	O
if	O
they	O
would	O
have	O
only	O
just	O
original	O
McDonalds	B-ORG
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
they	O
would	O
have	O
done	O
so	O
great	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
by	O
blending	O
things	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
a	O
very	O
wise	O
move	O
.	O


Along	O
the	O
narrow	O
crowded	O
streets	O
of	O
old	O
Delhi	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
where	O
you	O
can	O
find	O
fast	O
food	O
,	O
Indian	B-NORP
style	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
roadside	O
restaurants	O
often	O
called	O
dhabas	O
that	O
serve	O
up	O
recipes	O
of	O
dal	O
,	O
vegetables	O
and	O
stuffed	O
puries	O
,	O
deep	O
-	O
fried	O
in	O
oil	O
.	O


This	O
traditional	O
and	O
cheap	O
fare	O
has	O
proved	O
stiff	O
competition	O
for	O
the	O
multinational	O
fast	O
food	O
chains	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
fighting	O
hard	O
and	O
maybe	O
closing	O
in	O
.	O


Pizza	O
delivery	O
chain	O
Dominos	B-ORG
turned	O
a	O
profit	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
after	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
Indian	B-NORP
market	O
.	O


Dominos	B-ORG
has	O
also	O
adapted	O
to	O
Indian	B-NORP
tastes	O
by	O
creating	O
special	O
toppings	O
,	O
butter	O
chicken	O
and	O
chana	O
masala	O
pizzas	O
.	O


The	O
simple	O
idea	O
of	O
home	O
delivery	O
is	O
also	O
rather	O
new	O
to	O
India	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
seems	O
to	O
have	O
captured	O
people	O
's	O
imagination	O
.	O


Dominos	B-ORG
Chief	O
Executive	O
Pawan	B-PERSON
Bhatia	I-PERSON
says	O
,	O
the	O
secret	O
of	O
their	O
success	O
is	O
to	O
introduce	O
Western	B-NORP
brands	O
with	O
an	O
Indian	B-NORP
twist	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
walk	O
in	O
to	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
the	O
companies	O
who	O
failed	O
and	O
if	O
you	O
put	O
this	O
,	O
have	O
they	O
given	O
a	O
choice	O
and	O
the	O
answer	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
decided	O
the	O
menu	O
.	O


India	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
deeply	O
religious	O
and	O
traditional	O
country	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
thanks	O
to	O
globalization	O
and	O
cable	O
TV	O
,	O
the	O
population	O
has	O
been	O
exposed	O
to	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
multinational	O
brands	O
from	O
burgers	O
to	O
washing	O
machines	O
and	O
pizzas	O
to	O
Pepsi	B-ORG
,	O
but	O
despite	O
the	O
desire	O
to	O
embrace	O
globalization	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
reluctance	O
to	O
change	O
completely	O
.	O


Marketing	O
analyst	O
Sohail	B-PERSON
Seth	I-PERSON
,	O
believes	O
that	O
fast	O
food	O
companies	O
will	O
only	O
survive	O
if	O
they	O
take	O
seriously	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
culturally	O
sensitive	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
nation	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
to	O
experiment	O
too	O
much	O
,	O
so	O
food	O
is	O
such	O
a	O
personal	O
item	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
such	O
an	O
important	O
item	O
of	O
our	O
daily	O
existence	O
that	O
the	O
last	O
thing	O
we	O
'd	O
like	O
is	O
any	O
international	O
fast	O
food	O
company	O
coming	O
in	O
and	O
tinkering	O
with	O
our	O
palate	O
.	O


Ironically	O
,	O
what	O
the	O
Western	B-NORP
fast	O
food	O
chains	O
are	O
doing	O
here	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
what	O
Indian	B-NORP
restaurants	O
have	O
done	O
and	O
been	O
very	O
successful	O
at	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
adapting	O
and	O
adjusting	O
according	O
to	O
local	O
tastes	O
.	O


For	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
,	O
this	O
is	O
Tinku	B-PERSON
Ray	I-PERSON
,	O
New	B-GPE
Delhi	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leaders	O
have	O
spoken	O
by	O
telephone	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
effort	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
stem	O
the	O
ongoing	O
violence	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
says	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
leaders	O
agree	O
to	O
maintain	O
limited	O
security	O
cooperation	O
.	O


The	O
phone	O
call	O
took	O
place	O
while	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
was	O
holding	O
talks	O
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
with	O
the	O
President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
.	O


Nick	B-PERSON
Childs	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


The	O
telephone	O
call	O
between	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
represents	O
another	O
faint	O
glimmer	O
of	O
hope	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
may	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
rein	O
in	O
the	O
latest	O
cycle	O
of	O
violence	O
between	O
them	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
office	O
they	O
've	O
agreed	O
to	O
maintain	O
a	O
measure	O
of	O
security	O
cooperation	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
on	O
the	O
verge	O
of	O
complete	O
breakdown	O
.	O


A	O
phone	O
call	O
also	O
represents	O
something	O
of	O
a	O
coup	O
for	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
is	O
anxious	O
to	O
boost	O
its	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
role	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
apparently	O
engineered	O
by	O
President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
during	O
his	O
talks	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
.	O


Nick	B-PERSON
Childs	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Documented	O
.	O


From	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
'm	O
Corey	B-PERSON
Flintoff	I-PERSON
.	O


A	O
Florida	B-GPE
state	O
judge	O
has	O
ordered	O
local	O
election	O
officials	O
to	O
ship	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
ballots	O
to	O
the	O
state	O
capital	O
.	O


The	O
move	O
comes	O
as	O
the	O
judge	O
decides	O
whether	O
to	O
order	O
a	O
recount	O
of	O
those	O
ballots	O
in	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
.	O


NPR	B-ORG
's	O
Steve	B-PERSON
Inski	I-PERSON
was	O
in	O
the	O
courtroom	O
.	O


Steve	B-PERSON
,	O
what	O
are	O
the	O
issues	O
that	O
came	O
up	O
in	O
this	O
hearing	O
tonight	B-TIME
?	O


Corey	B-PERSON
Judge	O
N.	B-PERSON
Sander	I-PERSON
Sauls	I-PERSON
is	O
deciding	O
whether	O
to	O
order	O
a	O
recount	O
as	O
you	O
said	O
of	O
those	O
ballots	O
,	O
9000	B-CARDINAL
or	O
more	O
actually	O
from	O
Miami	B-GPE
Dade	I-GPE
County	I-GPE
that	O
apparently	O
were	O
never	O
counted	O
at	O
all	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
and	O
about	B-CARDINAL
3300	I-CARDINAL
ballots	O
from	O
Palm	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
County	I-GPE
that	O
were	O
considered	O
by	O
local	O
officials	O
but	O
then	O
thrown	O
out	O
,	O
disallowed	O
.	O


Judge	O
Sauls	B-PERSON
is	O
deciding	O
whether	O
to	O
count	O
those	O
ballots	O
and	O
go	O
through	O
them	O
and	O
perhaps	O
add	O
some	O
votes	O
to	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
final	O
total	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
exactly	O
what	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
want	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
not	O
ready	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
yet	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
agree	O
to	O
the	O
Democratic	B-NORP
proposal	O
to	O
begin	O
counting	O
tomorrow	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
but	O
he	O
has	O
ordered	O
that	O
the	O
ballots	O
be	O
shipped	O
up	O
.	O


Later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
Miami	B-GPE
Police	O
apparently	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
escort	O
them	O
up	O
to	O
Tallahassee	B-GPE
and	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
ready	O
to	O
be	O
counted	O
if	O
the	O
judge	O
decides	O
at	O
a	O
later	O
time	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
.	O


Now	O
time	O
is	O
a	O
big	O
consideration	O
from	O
here	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
the	O
judge	O
's	O
timetable	O
?	O


Not	O
as	O
fast	O
as	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
would	O
like	O
,	O
not	O
as	O
slowly	O
as	O
Republicans	B-NORP
would	O
prefer	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
order	O
a	O
major	O
hearing	O
on	O
Saturday	B-DATE
to	O
review	O
all	O
the	O
legal	O
and	O
evidentiary	O
issues	O
,	O
look	O
at	O
evidence	O
,	O
perhaps	O
hear	O
from	O
witnesses	O
and	O
after	O
that	O
the	O
judge	O
will	O
decide	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
any	O
ballots	O
to	O
count	O
.	O


It	O
might	O
take	O
another	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
so	I-DATE
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


Neither	O
side	O
seemed	O
particularly	O
pleased	O
by	O
the	O
timetable	O
but	O
the	O
judge	O
said	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
to	O
make	O
everybody	O
equally	O
unhappy	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
.	O


NPR	B-ORG
's	O
Steven	B-PERSON
Inksi	I-PERSON
reporting	O
from	O
Tallahassee	B-GPE
,	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
the	O
battle	O
over	O
votes	O
goes	O
on	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
State	I-GPE
is	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
recounting	O
the	O
votes	O
cast	O
in	O
its	O
very	O
tight	O
US	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
race	O
.	O


Jennifer	B-PERSON
Nesan	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
member	O
station	O
KPLU	B-ORG
in	O
Seattle	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
recount	O
of	O
the	O
votes	O
cast	O
for	O
Democrat	B-NORP
Maria	B-PERSON
Catwell	I-PERSON
and	O
Republican	B-NORP
senator	O
Slate	B-PERSON
Gordon	I-PERSON
is	O
calm	O
and	O
organized	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
's	O
Elections	O
Director	O
Garry	B-PERSON
Macintosh	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
process	O
is	O
about	O
as	O
exciting	O
as	O
watching	O
paint	O
dry	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
things	O
about	O
the	O
election	O
's	O
process	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
are	O
fairly	O
complex	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
n't	O
probably	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
.	O


Catwell	B-PERSON
leads	O
Republican	B-NORP
incumbent	O
Slate	B-PERSON
Gordon	I-PERSON
by	O
fewer	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
2000	I-CARDINAL
votes	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
point	O
neither	O
of	O
the	O
candidates	O
plan	O
to	O
contest	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
votes	O
.	O


State	O
law	O
requires	O
a	O
recount	O
when	O
the	O
margin	O
of	O
victory	O
is	O
less	O
than	O
one	B-PERCENT
half	I-PERCENT
of	I-PERCENT
1	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
recount	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
completed	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


No	O
statewide	O
recount	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
has	O
ever	O
changed	O
the	O
initial	O
outcome	O
.	O


For	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
I	O
'm	O
Jennifer	B-PERSON
Nesan	I-PERSON
in	O
Seattle	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
said	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
he	O
is	O
willing	O
to	O
hold	O
early	O
elections	O
and	O
the	O
decision	O
comes	O
as	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
popularity	O
is	O
sinking	O
in	O
the	O
polls	O
after	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	O
violent	O
conflict	O
with	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
government	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
negotiate	O
a	O
date	O
for	O
the	O
elections	O
in	O
talks	O
with	O
the	O
opposition	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
opposition	O
has	O
recommended	O
that	O
elections	O
be	O
set	O
for	O
May	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
elections	O
would	O
mean	O
that	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
current	O
term	O
in	O
office	O
would	O
end	O
about	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ahead	I-DATE
of	O
schedule	O
.	O


Corey	B-PERSON
Flintoff	I-PERSON
,	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
will	O
call	O
early	O
elections	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
speech	O
before	O
Parliament	B-ORG
,	O
Barak	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
date	O
of	O
the	O
ballot	O
will	O
be	O
announced	O
within	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Parliament	B-ORG
had	O
been	O
debating	O
an	O
opposition	O
motion	O
to	O
hold	O
an	O
early	O
vote	O
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
statement	O
is	O
seen	O
as	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
seize	O
the	O
initiative	O
after	O
it	O
appeared	O
likely	O
he	O
would	O
lose	O
the	O
debate	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
.	O


I	O
am	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
Mullins	I-PERSON
.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
is	O
the	O
heavyweight	O
champion	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
the	O
internet	O
.	O


Now	O
based	O
on	O
past	O
experience	O
,	O
you	O
'd	O
think	O
the	O
main	O
challenger	O
for	O
the	O
crown	O
would	O
be	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Well	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
be	O
wrong	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
the	O
internet	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
could	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
contender	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
blue	O
ribbon	O
advisory	O
panel	O
wrapped	O
up	O
proposals	O
aimed	O
at	O
turning	O
Japan	B-GPE
into	O
an	O
information	O
technology	O
powerhouse	O
by	O
2005	B-DATE
.	O


We	O
asked	O
The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Lucy	B-PERSON
Craft	I-PERSON
to	O
find	O
out	O
how	O
fast	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
will	O
have	O
to	O
drive	O
to	O
catch	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
on	O
the	O
information	O
superhighway	O
.	O


By	O
all	O
appearances	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
would	O
seem	O
a	O
natural	O
candidate	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
next	O
internet	O
superpower	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
recent	O
technology	O
trade	O
show	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
NTT	B-ORG
Docomell	I-ORG
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
biggest	O
cell	O
phone	O
maker	O
touted	O
its	O
latest	O
model	O
.	O


By	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
callers	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
hear	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
a	O
tiny	O
video	O
monitor	O
.	O


The	O
country	O
that	O
gave	O
the	O
world	O
VCRs	O
,	O
the	O
Walkman	B-PRODUCT
and	O
video	O
games	O
continues	O
to	O
churn	O
out	O
entertainment	O
related	O
devices	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
this	B-DATE
Christmas	I-DATE
season	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
hottest	O
items	O
is	O
this	O
.	O


A	O
consumer	O
version	O
of	O
a	O
DJ	O
's	O
night	O
club	O
turntable	O
,	O
complete	O
with	O
simulated	O
scraps	O
,	O
sounds	O
and	O
effects	O
buttons	O
.	O


Whether	O
it	O
is	O
cell	O
phones	O
,	O
digital	O
cameras	O
or	O
flat	O
TV	O
screens	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
continues	O
to	O
dominate	O
many	O
sectors	O
of	O
technology	O
and	O
its	O
manufacturing	O
expertise	O
is	O
still	O
world	O
-	O
class	O
,	O
and	O
yet	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
something	O
of	O
a	O
paradox	O
but	O
after	O
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
of	O
explosive	O
internet	O
growth	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
in	O
five	B-CARDINAL
Japanese	B-NORP
goes	O
on	O
line	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
very	O
difficult	O
to	O
rationally	O
explain	O
why	O
because	O
visibly	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
make	O
sense	O
.	O


Lee	B-PERSON
Daniels	I-PERSON
is	O
President	O
of	O
Jupiter	B-ORG
Telecommunications	I-ORG
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
cable	O
operator	O
.	O


You	O
would	O
think	O
that	O
companies	O
are	O
so	O
knowledgeable	O
,	O
so	O
educated	O
,	O
so	O
technically	O
literate	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
be	O
at	O
the	O
forefront	O
of	O
the	O
development	O
.	O


Internet	O
access	O
fees	O
here	O
run	O
as	B-CARDINAL
much	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
times	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
a	O
near	O
monopoly	O
held	O
by	O
NTT	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
politically	O
powerful	O
former	O
state	O
owned	O
telephone	O
company	O
.	O


Though	O
its	O
sky	O
high	O
rates	O
are	O
why	O
Japanese	B-NORP
do	O
n't	O
go	O
on	O
line	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
citizens	O
elsewhere	O
,	O
but	O
Jupiter	B-ORG
chief	O
Daniels	B-PERSON
says	O
it	O
all	O
comes	O
down	O
to	O
conservative	O
,	O
conformist	O
,	O
consensus	O
lobbying	O
Japanese	B-NORP
society	O
itself	O
that	O
's	O
impeding	O
growth	O
of	O
the	O
internet	O
here	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
really	O
reverts	O
back	O
in	O
to	O
these	O
traditional	O
values	O
,	O
the	O
way	O
Japanese	B-NORP
are	O
educated	O
and	O
basically	O
individualism	O
is	O
not	O
encouraged	O
in	O
neither	O
school	O
setting	O
or	O
corporate	O
setting	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
really	O
making	O
a	O
difference	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
are	O
individuals	O
who	O
are	O
entrepreneurs	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
an	O
idea	O
,	O
take	O
the	O
risk	O
and	O
lead	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
not	O
afraid	O
to	O
go	O
against	O
normal	O
traditional	O
ways	O
of	O
doing	O
things	O
and	O
taking	O
personal	O
risk	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
you	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
that	O
risk	O
factor	O
as	O
evident	O
as	O
what	O
you	O
would	O
find	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Which	O
partly	O
explains	O
why	O
Japanese	B-NORP
political	O
leaders	O
such	O
as	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Yoshiro	B-PERSON
Mori	I-PERSON
are	O
in	O
a	O
fix	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
desperate	O
to	O
escape	O
the	O
economic	O
stagnation	O
that	O
has	O
mired	O
this	O
country	O
for	O
over	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
,	O
they	O
also	O
worry	O
that	O
traditional	O
ways	O
of	O
life	O
would	O
be	O
swept	O
aside	O
by	O
the	O
internet	O
with	O
dotcom	O
jobs	O
replacing	O
life	O
-	O
long	O
employment	O
security	O
,	O
e-commerce	O
endangering	O
business	O
built	O
on	O
personal	O
relationships	O
.	O


They	O
hate	O
to	O
see	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
traditional	O
values	O
that	O
Japan	B-GPE
has	O
always	O
distinguished	O
itself	O
,	O
starting	O
to	O
erode	O
.	O


Again	O
,	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Daniels	I-PERSON
.	O


And	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
conflict	O
that	O
exists	O
.	O


As	O
you	O
start	O
moving	O
down	O
this	O
path	O
towards	O
technical	O
innovation	O
,	O
it	O
invites	O
disruption	O
or	O
it	O
brings	O
about	O
the	O
conflict	O
much	O
quicker	O
than	O
I	O
think	O
most	O
people	O
would	O
be	O
prepared	O
to	O
start	O
dealing	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
issues	O
that	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
starting	O
to	O
question	O
,	O
how	O
do	O
they	O
adapt	O
,	O
how	O
do	O
they	O
change	O
,	O
how	O
do	O
they	O
preserve	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
about	O
their	O
society	O
while	O
making	O
these	O
changes	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
competitive	O
with	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
throughout	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
crisis	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
right	O
after	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
has	O
proven	O
adept	O
at	O
rapid	O
change	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
drastic	O
reform	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
masterminded	O
from	O
above	O
by	O
Japanese	B-NORP
bureaucrats	O
.	O


A	O
true	O
internet	O
connected	O
society	O
and	O
economy	O
wo	O
n't	O
emerge	O
,	O
say	O
experts	O
,	O
without	O
a	O
grassroots	O
led	O
revolution	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
first	B-ORDINAL
with	O
this	O
2000	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
country	O
.	O


For	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
,	O
I	O
am	O
Lucy	B-PERSON
Craft	I-PERSON
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
UN	B-ORG
is	O
warning	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
face	O
starvation	O
in	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
unless	O
foreign	O
aid	O
is	O
dramatically	O
increased	O
.	O


The	O
UN	B-ORG
's	O
World	B-ORG
Food	I-ORG
Program	I-ORG
says	O
a	O
whole	O
generation	O
of	O
children	O
is	O
growing	O
up	O
malnourished	O
and	O
others	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
survive	O
that	O
long	O
.	O


Clare	B-PERSON
Dule	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
political	O
climate	O
may	O
be	O
improving	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
economy	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
brink	O
of	O
collapse	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
its	O
22	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
citizens	O
face	O
starvation	O
if	O
foreign	O
aid	O
contributions	O
do	O
n't	O
rise	O
significantly	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Food	I-ORG
Program	I-ORG
warns	O
that	O
a	O
generation	O
of	O
children	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
grow	O
up	O
malnourished	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
the	O
lucky	O
ones	O
.	O


Many	O
may	O
not	O
survive	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


This	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
harvest	O
was	O
poorer	O
than	O
at	O
the	O
height	O
of	O
the	O
famine	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
.	O


Hit	O
by	O
drought	O
at	O
planting	O
time	O
and	O
typhoons	O
during	O
harvesting	O
,	O
the	O
country	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
rely	O
on	O
serial	O
imports	O
to	O
feed	O
its	O
population	O
.	O


Clare	B-PERSON
Dule	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Geneva	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
have	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
suggestions	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
through	O
your	O
national	O
crisis	O
over	O
who	O
should	O
be	O
the	O
next	O
President	O
.	O


And	O
The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Eddie	B-PERSON
Mair	I-PERSON
has	O
included	O
them	O
in	O
this	O
week	B-DATE
's	O
letter	O
from	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


Normally	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
interfere	O
in	O
your	O
politics	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
not	O
since	O
Hillary	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
called	O
me	O
and	O
asked	O
whether	O
she	O
should	O
stand	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


I	O
advised	O
her	O
there	O
was	O
more	O
chance	O
of	O
Rudy	B-PERSON
Giuliani	I-PERSON
being	O
caught	O
with	O
another	O
woman	O
than	O
there	O
was	O
of	O
her	O
winning	O
elected	O
office	O
.	O


But	O
your	O
post-election	O
dilemma	O
leads	O
me	O
to	O
put	O
forward	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
ideas	O
to	O
assist	O
you	O
at	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
critical	O
moment	O
Americans	B-NORP
have	O
faced	O
since	O
they	O
changed	O
the	O
taste	O
of	O
Coke	B-PRODUCT
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
,	O
what	O
about	O
allowing	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
just	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
time	O
?	O


We	O
know	O
him	O
,	O
he	O
knows	O
us	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
dull	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
he	O
enjoys	O
his	O
special	O
relationship	O
with	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Blair	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
he	O
has	O
formed	O
special	O
relationships	O
with	O
,	O
well	O
you	O
set	O
your	O
own	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
intern	O
,	O
joke	O
here	O
.	O


Another	O
way	O
of	O
deciding	O
who	O
should	O
be	O
your	O
next	O
leader	O
is	O
by	O
putting	O
the	O
word	O
President	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
candidate	O
's	O
surnames	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
say	O
President	O
Gore	B-PERSON
,	O
does	O
it	O
send	O
a	O
shiver	O
up	O
your	O
spine	O
?	O
and	O
surely	O
to	O
goodness	O
we	O
'll	O
never	O
have	O
a	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
.	O


Certainly	O
that	O
's	O
how	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
them	O
both	O
for	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
this	O
letter	O
.	O


I	O
suggest	O
you	O
try	O
it	O
at	O
home	O
.	O


Alternatively	O
,	O
why	O
not	O
give	O
the	O
presidency	O
to	O
the	O
candidate	O
who	O
stands	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
number	O
of	O
flags	O
during	O
his	O
news	O
conferences	O
.	O


Both	O
President	O
Gore	B-PERSON
and	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
have	O
held	O
a	O
flurry	O
of	O
news	O
conferences	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
and	O
with	O
each	O
one	O
they	O
have	O
increased	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
Stars	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Stripes	I-WORK_OF_ART
they	O
use	O
as	O
a	O
backdrop	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
they	O
think	O
it	O
makes	O
them	O
look	O
patriotic	O
and	O
presidential	O
.	O


Things	O
got	O
out	O
of	O
hand	O
on	O
Monday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
when	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
appeared	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
what	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
a	B-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
Stars	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Stripes	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


It	O
looked	O
like	O
an	O
explosion	O
in	O
a	O
flag	O
factory	O
.	O


I	O
stopped	O
listening	O
to	O
what	O
he	O
was	O
saying	O
and	O
started	O
wondering	O
where	O
this	O
would	O
end	O
.	O


By	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
I	O
'm	O
confident	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
will	O
be	O
wearing	O
a	O
Stars	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Stripes	I-WORK_OF_ART
suit	O
with	O
matching	O
tie	O
,	O
shoes	O
,	O
shirt	O
and	O
underwear	O
.	O


On	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
Gore	B-PERSON
will	O
come	O
out	O
with	O
his	O
face	O
painted	O
in	O
patriotic	O
colors	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
weekend	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
would	O
have	O
changed	O
his	O
name	O
to	O
'	O
America	B-PERSON
,	O
'	O
just	O
to	O
prove	O
how	O
American	B-NORP
he	O
really	O
is	O
.	O


Having	O
said	O
that	O
I	O
saw	O
the	O
Canadian	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
celebrate	O
his	O
re-election	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
a	B-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
Maple	B-WORK_OF_ART
Leaves	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
but	O
who	O
cares	O
about	O
Canada	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
if	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
sounds	O
like	O
a	O
load	O
of	O
nonsense	O
which	O
undermines	O
the	O
entire	O
principle	O
of	O
democracy	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
America	B-GPE
would	O
never	O
really	O
stand	O
for	O
that	O
,	O
would	O
you	O
?	O


Till	O
next	O
time	O
,	O
yours	O
truly	O
,	O
Eddie	B-PERSON
Mair	I-PERSON
.	O


This	O
is	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
World	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
I	O
am	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
Mullins	I-PERSON
.	O


History	O
was	O
made	O
in	O
mexico	B-GPE
today	O
when	O
Vicente	B-PERSON
Fox	I-PERSON
was	O
sworn	O
in	O
as	O
President	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
no	O
ordinary	O
inauguration	O
.	O


It	O
marked	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
peaceful	O
transfer	O
of	O
power	O
to	O
the	O
opposition	O
in	O
Mexico	B-GPE
's	O
history	O
.	O


Few	O
Mexicans	B-NORP
can	O
remember	O
when	O
their	O
President	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Institutional	I-ORG
Revolutionary	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
whose	O
71	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
power	O
ended	O
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
.	O


Fox	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
conservative	O
,	O
leads	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Action	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
World	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	O
Frank	B-PERSON
Contraris	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Mexico	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


Frank	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
swearing	O
in	O
ceremony	O
is	O
now	O
over	O
.	O


What	O
did	O
President	O
Fox	B-PERSON
have	O
to	O
say	O
?	O


President	O
Vicente	B-PERSON
Fox	I-PERSON
touched	O
on	O
the	O
biggest	O
,	O
most	O
troubling	O
issues	O
facing	O
Mexicans	B-NORP
today	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
spoke	O
about	O
what	O
he	O
can	O
do	O
to	O
solve	O
the	O
poverty	O
that	O
has	O
driven	O
so	B-CARDINAL
many	I-CARDINAL
hundreds	I-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
north	O
,	O
into	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
seeking	O
work	O
.	O


He	O
wants	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
keep	O
them	O
home	O
,	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
other	O
things	O
that	O
he	O
touched	O
on	O
,	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
,	O
he	O
says	O
that	O
Mexico	B-GPE
never	O
again	O
will	O
return	O
to	O
repressive	O
means	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


My	O
government	O
will	O
not	O
tolerate	O
that	O
these	O
methods	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
be	O
used	O
again	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
not	O
use	O
the	O
security	O
forces	O
of	O
our	O
country	O
to	O
silence	O
critics	O
or	O
neutralize	O
opponents	O
.	O


Repression	O
will	O
never	O
again	O
be	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
resolve	O
political	O
disputes	O
.	O


And	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
other	O
main	O
subjects	O
he	O
touched	O
on	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
,	O
was	O
the	O
conflicted	O
southern	O
state	O
of	O
Chiapas	B-GPE
.	O


Fox	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
presidential	O
act	O
will	O
be	O
to	O
send	O
up	O
a	O
proposal	O
to	O
the	O
congress	O
to	O
immediately	O
begin	O
to	O
bring	O
a	O
process	O
of	O
peace	O
back	O
into	O
Chiapas	B-GPE
State	I-GPE
and	O
that	O
's	O
something	O
that	O
people	O
really	O
did	O
n't	O
expect	O
to	O
happen	O
so	O
quickly	O
here	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
these	O
issues	O
actually	O
are	O
issues	O
that	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
has	O
been	O
watching	O
very	O
carefully	O
,	O
and	O
US	B-GPE
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Madeleine	B-PERSON
Albright	I-PERSON
is	O
there	O
in	O
mexico	B-GPE
city	I-GPE
for	O
the	O
inaugural	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
meeting	O
with	O
Mexico	B-GPE
's	O
new	O
Foreign	B-ORG
Minister	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
the	O
writer	O
and	O
academic	O
Jorge	B-PERSON
Castaneda	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
lived	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
years	O
.	O


What	O
has	O
the	O
new	O
President	O
Fox	B-PERSON
said	O
so	O
far	O
about	O
relations	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
?	O


Fox	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
Mexico	B-GPE
's	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
are	O
strong	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
sees	O
opportunities	O
.	O


He	O
still	O
is	O
convinced	O
that	O
he	O
can	O
talk	O
to	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
government	O
into	O
opening	O
up	O
its	O
borders	O
and	O
eventually	O
letting	O
in	O
more	O
Mexican	B-GPE
's	O
under	O
the	O
Free	O
Trade	O
Agreement	O
.	O


More	O
Mexicans	B-NORP
,	O
who	O
would	O
come	O
in	O
to	O
the	O
country	O
legally	O
.	O


Fox	B-PERSON
believes	O
that	O
in	O
20	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
Canada	B-GPE
and	O
all	O
of	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
should	O
be	O
one	B-CARDINAL
unified	O
market	O
,	O
much	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
is	O
unified	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
Fox	B-PERSON
is	O
going	O
to	O
use	O
his	O
marketing	O
sensibility	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
convince	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


Remember	O
,	O
Fox	B-PERSON
comes	O
from	O
a	O
strong	O
marketing	O
background	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
the	O
executive	O
of	O
Coca	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Cola	I-ORG
from	O
Mexico	B-GPE
,	O
so	O
he	O
understands	O
how	O
these	O
things	O
work	O
.	O


I	O
wonder	O
if	O
you	O
can	O
tell	O
us	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
about	O
something	O
that	O
Cuban	B-NORP
President	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
also	O
there	O
today	O
,	O
said	O
earlier	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
previous	O
President	O
Ernesto	B-PERSON
Zedillo	I-PERSON
was	O
too	O
much	O
of	O
a	O
servant	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Is	O
that	O
issue	O
something	O
that	O
Fox	B-PERSON
is	O
likely	O
to	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
?	O


Is	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
a	O
warning	O
for	O
Fox	B-PERSON
at	O
all	O
?	O


That	O
's	O
definitely	O
a	O
message	O
to	O
Vicente	B-PERSON
Fox	I-PERSON
from	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
and	O
I	O
am	O
sure	O
that	O
other	O
Latin	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
presidents	O
feel	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
but	O
Fox	B-PERSON
really	O
has	O
already	O
shown	O
very	O
early	O
on	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
unusual	O
kind	O
of	O
leader	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
kowtow	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
just	O
weeks	B-DATE
after	O
he	O
was	O
elected	O
he	O
showed	O
Washington	B-GPE
that	O
he	O
has	O
his	O
own	O
initiatives	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
might	O
even	O
frighten	O
leaders	O
in	O
our	O
national	O
capital	O
there	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
can	O
expect	O
Fox	B-PERSON
to	O
continue	O
the	O
economic	O
policies	O
that	O
Mexico	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
for	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
following	O
the	O
economic	O
lead	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
but	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
he	O
will	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
concrete	O
policies	O
for	O
dealing	O
with	O
immigrants	O
'	O
rights	O
and	O
other	O
such	O
matters	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
never	O
really	O
seen	O
before	O
.	O


The	O
World	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	O
Frank	B-PERSON
Contraris	I-PERSON
in	O
Mexico	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


Frank	B-PERSON
Contraris	I-PERSON
,	O
thank	O
you	O
again	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
,	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
.	O


From	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
in	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
am	O
Gregor	B-PERSON
Cragy	I-PERSON
for	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
World	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


The	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
has	O
held	O
a	O
hearing	O
to	O
decide	O
whether	O
to	O
intervene	O
in	O
the	O
dispute	O
over	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
results	O
.	O


Judith	B-PERSON
Spencer	I-PERSON
reports	O
on	O
the	O
legal	O
wrangling	O
that	O
is	O
underway	O
.	O


Inside	O
the	O
stately	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
building	O
,	O
lawyers	O
for	O
Republican	B-NORP
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
and	O
Democrat	B-NORP
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
argued	O
over	O
the	O
validity	O
of	O
hand	O
re-counts	O
in	O
the	O
crucial	O
state	O
of	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
just	O
as	O
Ruth	B-PERSON
Bater	I-PERSON
Ginsburg	I-PERSON
pressed	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
lawyer	O
to	O
explain	O
why	O
the	O
Federal	O
High	O
Court	O
should	O
intervene	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Florida	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
move	O
to	O
extend	O
the	O
deadline	O
for	O
finishing	O
the	O
re-counts	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
read	O
a	O
state	O
court	O
decision	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
read	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
most	O
favorable	O
to	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
later	O
on	O
,	O
Justice	O
Sandra	B-PERSON
Day	I-PERSON
O'Connor	I-PERSON
suggested	O
the	O
state	O
court	O
might	O
have	O
been	O
out	O
of	O
line	O
.	O


The	O
legislature	O
had	O
very	O
clearly	O
said	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
7	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	I-DATE
,	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
date	O
and	O
it	O
just	O
does	O
look	O
like	O
very	O
dramatic	O
change	O
made	O
by	O
the	O
Florida	B-GPE
court	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
could	O
rule	O
on	O
the	O
matter	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


For	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
World	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
I	O
am	O
Judith	B-PERSON
Spencer	I-PERSON
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Florida	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
has	O
rejected	O
an	O
emergency	O
appeal	O
from	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
for	O
an	O
immediate	O
re-count	O
of	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
disputed	O
ballots	O
from	O
Palm	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
and	O
Miami	B-GPE
Dade	I-GPE
counties	O
.	O


A	O
Chinese	B-NORP
cancer	O
patient	O
has	O
become	O
something	O
of	O
a	O
celebrity	O
.	O


After	O
doctors	O
told	O
Lu	B-PERSON
Yo	I-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
in	O
August	B-DATE
that	O
he	O
had	O
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
to	O
live	O
,	O
Lu	B-PERSON
began	O
writing	O
a	O
diary	O
on	O
the	O
internet	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
five	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
Lu	B-PERSON
has	O
survived	O
to	O
see	O
his	O
cyber	O
diary	O
published	O
as	O
a	O
book	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
Dunkin	B-PERSON
Humet	I-PERSON
reports	O
,	O
some	O
Chinese	B-NORP
readers	O
are	O
grateful	O
for	O
Lu	B-PERSON
's	O
writings	O
but	O
other	O
find	O
them	O
offensive	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
private	O
ward	O
of	O
a	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
hospital	O
Shu	B-PERSON
Mu	I-PERSON
Yeng	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
perfect	O
host	O
,	O
offering	O
her	O
visitors	O
tea	O
and	O
chatting	O
calmly	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
next	O
room	O
her	O
husband	O
Lu	B-PERSON
Yo	I-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
lies	O
sleeping	O
in	O
the	O
final	O
stages	O
of	O
cancer	O
,	O
exhausted	O
both	O
by	O
the	O
battle	O
with	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
by	O
months	B-DATE
of	O
painful	O
writing	O
which	O
have	O
brought	O
him	O
both	O
fame	O
and	O
criticism	O
.	O


Shu	B-PERSON
Mu	I-PERSON
Yeng	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
originally	O
began	O
his	O
controversial	O
diary	O
as	O
a	O
purely	O
personal	O
concern	O
.	O


Before	O
he	O
put	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
internet	O
he	O
started	O
writing	O
at	O
home	O
for	O
our	O
daughter	O
.	O


As	O
his	O
illness	O
developed	O
he	O
realized	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
our	O
daughter	O
might	O
lack	O
the	O
guidance	O
of	O
a	O
father	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
encouraged	O
him	O
to	O
write	O
something	O
to	O
leave	O
for	O
her	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
he	O
wrote	O
the	O
37	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
former	O
literature	O
student	O
,	O
melon	O
salesman	O
,	O
advertising	O
executive	O
and	O
real	O
estate	O
manager	O
decided	O
he	O
had	O
feelings	O
he	O
wished	O
to	O
share	O
with	O
Chinese	B-NORP
society	O
at	O
large	O
.	O


He	O
sought	O
out	O
a	O
local	O
web	O
site	O
,	O
which	O
agreed	O
to	O
publish	O
sections	O
of	O
his	O
writings	O
on	O
the	O
internet	O
.	O


Diary	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Death	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
as	O
it	O
became	O
known	O
,	O
affected	O
many	O
with	O
its	O
outspoken	O
views	O
,	O
particularly	O
Mr.	O
Lu	B-PERSON
's	O
reflections	O
on	O
6	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
as	O
a	O
cancer	O
sufferer	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


From	O
the	O
moment	O
you	O
pick	O
up	O
a	O
lab	O
report	O
stating	O
that	O
the	O
doctor	O
has	O
diagnosed	O
cancerous	O
cells	O
,	O
life	O
starts	O
to	O
get	O
tough	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
're	O
an	O
official	O
your	O
career	O
will	O
stop	O
dead	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Personnel	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
will	O
start	O
looking	O
for	O
your	O
successor	O
and	O
people	O
will	O
start	O
positioning	O
themselves	O
to	O
replace	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
're	O
a	O
businessperson	O
your	O
credit	O
will	O
suddenly	O
be	O
devalued	O
.	O


Even	O
husbands	O
or	O
wives	O
will	O
start	O
making	O
calculations	O
about	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
's	O
attitude	O
to	O
cancer	O
is	O
a	O
tragedy	O
,	O
writes	O
Lu	B-PERSON
Yo	I-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
cancer	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
medical	O
system	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
black	O
farce	O
,	O
high	O
in	O
cost	O
but	O
often	O
ineffective	O
.	O


He	O
compares	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
overcrowded	O
cancer	O
wards	O
to	O
a	O
conveyor	O
belt	O
where	O
the	O
surgeons	O
are	O
skilled	O
because	O
they	O
have	O
so	O
much	O
practice	O
that	O
bribes	O
are	O
often	O
necessary	O
to	O
get	O
quick	O
treatment	O
.	O


Lu	B-PERSON
Yo	I-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
criticisms	O
and	O
his	O
decision	O
earlier	O
this	O
year	O
to	O
stop	O
taking	O
medication	O
and	O
stay	O
out	O
of	O
hospital	O
for	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
possible	O
have	O
provoked	O
widespread	O
debate	O
.	O


His	O
wife	O
Shu	B-PERSON
Mu	I-PERSON
Yeng	I-PERSON
sighs	O
as	O
she	O
describes	O
the	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
e-mail	O
messages	O
in	O
their	O
in	O
-	O
box	O
.	O


Many	O
have	O
been	O
supportive	O
and	O
admiring	O
but	O
by	O
no	O
means	O
all	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Inzer	B-PERSON
,	O
an	O
editor	O
with	O
a	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
based	O
web	O
-	O
site	O
many	O
people	O
feel	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
appropriate	O
for	O
a	O
dying	O
man	O
to	O
go	O
so	O
public	O
with	O
his	O
views	O
on	O
his	O
illness	O
.	O


In	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
's	O
idea	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
tradition	O
like	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
talk	O
to	O
anybody	O
about	O
family	O
things	O
,	O
especially	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
unfortunate	O
thing	O
.	O


For	O
lots	O
of	O
old	O
people	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
shocking	O
.	O


Lu	B-PERSON
Yo	I-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
has	O
freely	O
admitted	O
that	O
he	O
'd	O
be	O
pleased	O
if	O
the	O
book	O
version	O
of	O
his	O
diary	O
earns	O
some	O
money	O
to	O
support	O
his	O
wife	O
and	O
daughter	O
,	O
yet	O
his	O
real	O
interest	O
is	O
to	O
provoke	O
debate	O
on	O
life	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
live	O
it	O
.	O


Life	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
sick	O
tastes	O
bitter	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
fun	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
lucky	O
enough	O
to	O
master	O
secrets	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
turn	O
the	O
bitter	O
into	O
fun	O
.	O


Avoid	O
all	O
household	O
chores	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
common	O
objective	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Women	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Liberation	I-ORG
Movement	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Men	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Epiphany	I-ORG
Movement	I-ORG
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Always	O
think	O
about	O
spending	O
money	O
but	O
never	O
think	O
about	O
earning	O
it	O
.	O


Never	O
get	O
into	O
a	O
quarrel	O
with	O
your	O
family	O
where	O
you	O
feel	O
like	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
police	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
the	O
common	O
people	O
.	O


Enjoy	O
a	O
fresh	O
fruit	O
in	O
all	O
four	B-CARDINAL
seasons	O
and	O
fresh	O
flowers	O
everywhere	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
dress	O
too	O
properly	O
.	O


Attractiveness	O
lies	O
in	O
being	O
a	O
mess	O
.	O


Never	O
worry	O
whether	O
the	O
battery	O
will	O
run	O
out	O
on	O
your	O
mobile	O
phone	O
.	O


And	O
people	O
will	O
remember	O
you	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
good	O
things	O
by	O
chance	O
.	O


Despite	O
all	O
the	O
criticism	O
and	O
the	O
media	O
spotlight	O
Lu	B-PERSON
Yo	I-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
wife	O
Shu	B-PERSON
Mu	I-PERSON
Yeng	I-PERSON
says	O
she	O
believes	O
that	O
his	O
decision	O
to	O
write	O
the	O
diary	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
thing	O
.	O


Lots	O
of	O
people	O
think	O
that	O
my	O
husband	O
's	O
actions	O
could	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
negative	O
consequences	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Long	O
live	O
understanding	O
.	O
'	O


At	O
least	O
it	O
has	O
made	O
people	O
think	O
about	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
was	O
my	O
husband	O
's	O
highest	O
aim	O
.	O


Shu	O
Mu	O
Yeng	O
,	O
the	O
wife	O
of	O
cancer	O
patient	O
Lu	B-PERSON
Yo	I-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
Dunkin	B-PERSON
Hewerd	I-PERSON
reported	O
that	O
story	O
from	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
PRI	B-ORG
.	O


In	O
Miami	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
the	O
trial	O
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
men	O
accused	O
of	O
being	O
spies	O
for	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
got	O
underway	O
.	O


Prosecutors	O
say	O
the	O
men	O
ran	O
a	O
sophisticated	O
eavesdropping	O
operation	O
.	O


It	O
served	O
as	O
the	O
Cuban	B-NORP
government	O
's	O
eyes	O
and	O
ears	O
in	O
South	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
Havana	B-GPE
Cuban	B-NORP
television	O
took	O
little	O
note	O
of	O
this	O
development	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
busy	O
celebrating	O
the	O
7th	B-ORDINAL
birthday	O
today	B-DATE
of	O
a	O
certain	O
little	O
boy	O
named	O
Elian	B-PERSON
.	O


Last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
Cubans	B-NORP
retreated	O
to	O
never	O
-	O
before	O
seen	O
footage	O
of	O
Elian	B-PERSON
Gonzalez	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
first	O
encounter	O
with	O
President	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
scene	O
was	O
filmed	O
five	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
shortly	O
after	O
the	O
shipwreck	O
victim	O
returned	O
to	O
Cuba	B-GPE
following	O
a	O
heated	O
international	O
custody	O
battle	O
.	O


He	O
'd	O
spent	O
7	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
home	O
of	O
Miami	B-GPE
relatives	O
who	O
tried	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
boy	O
's	O
return	O
,	O
but	O
on	O
that	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
summer	I-DATE
Elian	B-PERSON
was	O
indeed	O
as	O
far	O
from	O
Miami	B-GPE
as	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
.	O


The	O
scene	O
shows	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
in	O
his	O
traditional	O
olive	O
green	O
uniform	O
presenting	O
the	O
boy	O
with	O
a	O
gift	O
,	O
a	O
children	O
's	O
book	O
written	O
by	O
Cuban	B-NORP
independence	O
hero	O
Jose	B-PERSON
Marti	I-PERSON
.	O


As	O
Elian	B-PERSON
looks	O
up	O
speechlessly	O
,	O
Castro	B-PERSON
tells	O
him	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
the	O
book	O
because	O
he	O
will	O
enjoy	O
it	O
for	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
his	O
life	O
.	O


At	O
one	B-CARDINAL
point	O
Castro	B-PERSON
leans	O
over	O
and	O
kisses	O
the	O
boy	O
on	O
the	O
hand	O
.	O


A	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
today	I-DATE
,	O
Elian	B-PERSON
was	O
celebrating	O
his	O
birthday	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
being	O
showered	O
with	O
gifts	O
by	O
his	O
Florida	B-GPE
relatives	O
and	O
very	O
much	O
in	O
the	O
media	O
spotlight	O
.	O


By	O
contrast	O
Castro	B-PERSON
has	O
strictly	O
limited	O
the	O
media	O
's	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
boy	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
policy	O
seems	O
to	O
have	O
changed	O
now	O
with	O
foreign	O
reporters	O
invited	O
to	O
attend	O
Elian	B-PERSON
's	O
birthday	O
party	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
his	O
hometown	O
of	O
Cardinas	B-GPE
,	O
Cuba	B-GPE
.	O


American	O
businessman	O
Edmund	B-PERSON
Pope	I-PERSON
today	B-DATE
formally	O
asked	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
for	O
a	O
pardon	O
.	O


Pope	B-PERSON
was	O
sentenced	O
yesterday	B-DATE
to	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
hard	O
labor	O
after	O
a	O
Moscow	B-GPE
court	O
found	O
him	O
guilty	O
of	O
spying	O
.	O


Prosecutors	O
said	O
Pope	B-PERSON
had	O
illegally	O
obtained	O
classified	O
blueprints	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
Russian	B-NORP
high	O
-	O
speed	O
torpedo	O
.	O


Pope	B-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
company	O
analyzes	O
foreign	O
maritime	O
equipment	O
,	O
has	O
maintained	O
his	O
innocence	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
American	B-NORP
citizen	O
to	O
be	O
jailed	O
for	O
espionage	O
since	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Cold	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
.	O


The	O
World	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	O
Nenad	B-PERSON
Chebeck	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


Nenad	B-PERSON
,	O
yesterday	B-DATE
Mr.	O
Pope	B-PERSON
was	O
sentenced	O
despite	O
an	O
appeal	O
for	O
clemency	O
by	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
.	O


Why	O
has	O
he	O
taken	O
this	O
legal	O
option	O
?	O


Does	O
he	O
have	O
no	O
confidence	O
in	O
the	O
courts	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
say	O
it	O
is	O
pretty	O
clear	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
no	O
confidence	O
in	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
judicial	O
system	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
have	O
an	O
option	O
of	O
appealing	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Russian	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
but	O
frankly	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
more	O
likely	O
and	O
a	O
faster	O
way	O
to	O
freedom	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
say	O
,	O
because	O
going	O
through	O
the	O
appeals	O
process	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
months	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
of	O
ill	O
health	O
.	O


He	O
definitely	O
wants	O
to	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Lefortovo	I-FAC
Prison	I-FAC
and	O
it	O
would	O
appear	O
by	O
the	O
latest	O
signs	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
.	O


Going	O
through	O
an	O
appeals	O
court	O
would	O
take	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
time	O
and	O
the	O
outcome	O
would	O
be	O
highly	O
uncertain	O
.	O


So	O
Nenad	B-PERSON
,	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
timetable	O
here	O
?	O


The	O
request	O
went	O
to	O
Putin	B-PERSON
.	O


Putin	B-PERSON
in	O
turn	O
passes	O
it	O
on	O
or	O
has	O
passed	O
it	O
on	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Presidential	I-ORG
Pardons	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
.	O


Is	O
that	O
correct	O
?	O


Yes	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
all	O
happened	O
actually	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
quickly	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
court	O
cases	O
dragged	O
on	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
and	O
Pope	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
in	O
jail	O
since	O
April	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
3rd	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
ball	O
really	O
started	O
rolling	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
wrote	O
to	O
Putin	B-PERSON
.	O


Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
office	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
has	O
passed	O
on	O
the	O
case	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Presidential	I-ORG
Pardons	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
and	O
today	B-DATE
already	O
we	O
had	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
commission	O
appearing	O
on	O
Russian	B-NORP
state	O
television	O
and	O
saying	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
recommend	O
a	O
pardon	O
to	O
President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
.	O


Now	O
this	O
commission	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
meet	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
but	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
difficult	O
to	O
envisage	O
the	O
commission	O
not	O
doing	O
what	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
commission	O
has	O
said	O
it	O
will	O
do	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Presidential	I-ORG
Pardons	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
that	O
a	O
relatively	O
new	O
institution	O
?	O


I	O
would	O
assume	O
this	O
being	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Cold	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
spy	O
case	O
in	O
40	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
that	O
a	O
certain	O
number	O
of	O
institutions	O
that	O
are	O
being	O
involved	O
,	O
perhaps	O
are	O
being	O
involved	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
really	O
no	O
precedents	O
here	O
Tony	B-PERSON
because	O
,	O
as	O
you	O
mentioned	O
,	O
the	O
last	O
trial	O
of	O
an	O
alleged	O
foreign	O
spy	O
,	O
was	O
actually	O
the	O
trial	O
of	O
Gary	B-PERSON
Powers	I-PERSON
way	O
back	O
in	O
1961	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
Gary	B-PERSON
Powers	I-PERSON
was	O
shot	O
down	O
over	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
so	O
his	O
guilt	O
was	O
fairly	O
firmly	O
established	O
and	O
ever	O
since	O
then	O
any	O
suspected	O
spies	O
were	O
usually	O
either	O
sort	O
of	O
simply	O
kicked	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
expelled	O
,	O
or	O
they	O
were	O
arrested	O
and	O
then	O
swapped	O
for	O
Russian	B-NORP
spies	O
arrested	O
in	O
Western	O
countries	O
.	O


The	O
speed	O
with	O
which	O
Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
seems	O
to	O
have	O
responded	O
to	O
events	O
here	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
any	O
indication	O
that	O
perhaps	O
he	O
has	O
found	O
the	O
whole	O
incident	O
embarrassing	O
?	O


It	O
may	O
be	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
simply	O
a	O
case	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
on	O
a	O
wider	O
scale	O
for	O
Putin	B-PERSON
,	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
shown	O
what	O
he	O
needed	O
to	O
show	O
to	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
public	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
system	O
is	O
there	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
is	O
going	O
strong	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
taking	O
care	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
secrets	O
and	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
the	O
police	O
is	O
doing	O
its	O
job	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
is	O
doing	O
its	O
job	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
that	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
done	O
with	O
,	O
now	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
had	O
a	O
conviction	O
in	O
court	O
he	O
does	O
not	O
see	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
pursuing	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O
any	O
further	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
appear	O
magnanimous	O
in	O
the	O
eyes	O
of	O
the	O
Western	B-NORP
public	O
opinion	O
,	O
certainly	O
,	O
I	O
guess	O
that	O
those	O
are	O
the	O
reasons	O
which	O
prompted	O
him	O
to	O
move	O
in	O
the	O
direction	O
he	O
has	O
moved	O
.	O


And	O
one	O
would	O
assume	O
that	O
the	O
effort	O
is	O
also	O
being	O
made	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
US	B-GPE
-	O
Russian	O
relations	O
are	O
n't	O
seriously	O
affected	O
by	O
this	O
?	O


Yes	O
,	O
because	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
calls	O
in	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
Congress	B-ORG
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
to	O
introduce	O
economic	O
sanctions	O
against	O
Russia	B-GPE
for	O
this	O
.	O


The	O
administration	O
itself	O
has	O
not	O
shown	O
any	O
willingness	O
to	O
get	O
involved	O
too	O
deeply	O
and	O
certainly	O
has	O
not	O
shown	O
any	O
willingness	O
to	O
introduce	O
sanctions	O
against	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
we	O
do	O
know	O
that	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
spoken	O
to	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
about	O
this	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Madeleine	B-PERSON
Albright	I-PERSON
has	O
raised	O
the	O
issue	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
times	O
,	O
so	O
this	O
will	O
certainly	O
help	O
smooth	O
the	O
way	O
towards	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
administration	O
,	O
as	O
and	O
when	O
there	O
is	O
one	O
.	O


The	O
World	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	O
Nenad	B-PERSON
Chebeck	I-PERSON
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


Thanks	O
again	O
,	O
Nenad	B-PERSON
.	O


You	O
are	O
welcome	O
,	O
Tony	B-PERSON
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
departs	O
Monday	B-DATE
for	O
Ireland	B-GPE
,	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
and	O
England	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
trip	O
will	O
provide	O
the	O
President	O
with	O
a	O
first	B-ORDINAL
hand	O
look	O
at	O
how	O
well	O
the	O
Good	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
peace	O
accord	O
he	O
helped	O
broker	O
is	O
taking	O
hold	O
in	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
glass	O
is	O
half	O
-	O
full	O
-	O
or	O
-	O
half	O
-	O
empty	O
situation	O
there	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
one	O
hand	O
politicians	O
in	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
work	O
co-operatively	O
on	O
a	O
budget	O
and	O
government	O
programs	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
30	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


However	O
there	O
is	O
continuing	O
friction	O
over	O
other	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


Belfast	B-GPE
comedian	O
Patrick	B-PERSON
Kealty	I-PERSON
has	O
his	O
take	O
on	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
presidency	O
so	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
has	O
gone	O
belly	O
-	O
up	O
for	O
him	O
so	O
like	O
we	O
are	O
all	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
left	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
is	O
kind	O
of	O
coming	O
back	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
clinging	O
and	O
saying	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
"	O
Please	O
make	O
it	O
work	O
,	O
please	O
"	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
was	O
meant	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
lap	O
of	O
honor	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
he	O
salvages	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
because	O
we	O
have	O
actually	O
had	O
too	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
President	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
way	O
presidents	O
do	O
n't	O
normally	O
pay	O
as	O
much	O
attention	O
to	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
as	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
has	O
actually	O
paid	O
the	O
Irish	B-NORP
question	O
probably	O
too	O
much	O
attention	O
for	O
a	O
President	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
that	O
means	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
here	O
believe	O
they	O
are	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
they	O
actually	O
are	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
the	O
President	O
talks	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
we	O
would	O
have	O
listened	O
and	O
we	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
scared	O
,	O
where	O
as	O
now	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
like	O
,	O
"	O
Here	O
we	O
go	O
,	O
Bill	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Smill	I-PERSON
"	O
.	O


Belfast	B-GPE
comedian	O
Patrick	B-PERSON
Kealty	I-PERSON
will	O
resurface	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
on	O
our	O
show	O
when	O
The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Jennifer	B-PERSON
Glass	I-PERSON
reports	O
on	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
trip	O
to	O
Ireland	B-GPE
and	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
has	O
imposed	O
a	O
complete	O
blockade	O
of	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
.	O


No	O
entry	O
to	O
or	O
exit	O
from	O
the	O
territory	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
allowed	O
except	O
for	O
humanitarian	O
cases	O
.	O


The	O
move	O
comes	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
a	O
day	O
of	O
intense	O
violence	O
across	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
in	O
which	O
10	B-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
killed	O
,	O
7	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
3	O
Israelis	B-NORP
.	O


And	O
so	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
is	O
about	O
to	O
decide	O
a	O
case	O
that	O
will	O
probably	O
determine	O
who	O
becomes	O
the	O
next	O
President	O
.	O


If	O
this	O
strikes	O
you	O
as	O
an	O
extraordinary	O
turn	O
of	O
events	O
,	O
well	O
it	O
strikes	O
many	O
overseas	O
as	O
nearly	O
unbelievable	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
democracies	O
of	O
Europe	B-GPE
,	O
legal	O
experts	O
are	O
saying	O
it	O
ca	O
n't	O
happen	O
here	O
.	O


Philippe	B-PERSON
Shatiney	I-PERSON
is	O
an	O
editor	O
of	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
news	O
weekly	O
,	O
Mahiyan	B-ORG
.	O


Philippe	B-PERSON
,	O
could	O
it	O
happen	O
anywhere	O
else	O
.	O


Oh	O
,	O
I	O
really	O
think	O
not	O
.	O


First	O
of	O
all	O
,	O
because	O
there	O
are	O
so	O
few	O
countries	O
which	O
are	O
organized	O
on	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
model	O
with	O
,	O
the	O
powers	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


So	O
yes	O
I	O
think	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
bemusement	O
here	O
in	O
Europe	B-GPE
about	O
the	O
difficulties	O
that	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
are	O
having	O
in	O
choosing	O
a	O
President	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
amusement	O
though	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
finger	O
pointing	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
always	O
funny	O
for	O
the	O
small	O
guys	O
to	O
laugh	O
when	O
the	O
giant	O
trips	O
over	O
his	O
feet	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
look	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
States	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
itself	O
and	O
our	O
justice	O
system	O
,	O
now	O
is	O
there	O
an	O
institution	O
that	O
is	O
independent	O
of	O
politics	O
that	O
serves	O
anything	O
like	O
the	O
function	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
serves	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
yes	O
mostly	O
European	B-NORP
judicial	O
systems	O
do	O
have	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
.	O


However	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
the	O
strict	O
machinery	O
of	O
justice	O
is	O
separated	O
from	O
the	O
constitutional	O
court	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
separate	O
body	O
,	O
but	O
yes	O
there	O
also	O
the	O
members	O
are	O
appointed	O
by	O
the	O
President	O
and	O
therefore	O
there	O
also	O
,	O
the	O
members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Coseque	I-ORG
Constitutionalle	I-ORG
are	O
somewhat	O
open	O
to	O
criticism	O
that	O
the	O
decisions	O
are	O
often	O
more	O
motivated	O
by	O
politics	O
than	O
they	O
are	O
by	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
image	O
that	O
we	O
Europeans	B-NORP
had	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
system	O
and	O
especially	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
,	O
was	O
that	O
those	O
justices	O
were	O
above	O
politics	O
and	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
also	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
bad	O
surprises	O
that	O
this	O
election	O
is	O
reserving	O
to	O
us	O
Europeans	B-NORP
is	O
that	O
finally	O
your	O
system	O
is	O
not	O
as	O
perfect	O
as	O
we	O
were	O
led	O
to	O
believe	O
.	O


I	O
wonder	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
this	O
particular	O
case	O
,	O
now	O
this	O
is	O
certainly	O
an	O
extreme	O
case	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
with	O
an	O
unfathomably	O
close	O
election	O
,	O
How	O
have	O
other	O
democracies	O
dealt	O
with	O
effective	O
ties	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
could	O
there	O
for	O
instance	O
be	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
elections	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
where	O
our	O
type	O
has	O
gone	O
to	O
the	O
courts	O
,	O
What	O
happens	O
to	O
yours	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
cases	O
in	O
most	O
recent	O
elections	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
where	O
the	B-ORG
Coseque	I-ORG
Constitutionalle	I-ORG
having	O
been	O
apprised	O
of	O
doubtful	O
procedures	O
or	O
doubtful	O
ways	O
of	O
counting	O
the	O
votes	O
,	O
have	O
decided	O
either	O
to	O
the	O
election	O
and	O
have	O
it	O
done	O
over	O
again	O
or	O
to	O
in	O
fact	O
change	O
the	O
winner	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
our	O
electoral	O
system	O
is	O
so	O
much	O
more	O
simple	O
in	O
the	O
sense	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
separate	O
elections	O
for	O
the	O
Presidency	O
,	O
for	O
Parliament	B-ORG
,	O
for	O
our	O
mayors	O
and	O
therefore	O
usually	O
most	O
French	B-NORP
voters	O
are	O
faced	O
with	O
the	O
difficulty	O
of	O
choosing	O
a	O
little	O
paper	O
ballotenne	O
with	O
a	O
name	O
on	O
it	O
and	O
putting	O
that	O
in	O
an	O
envelop	O
and	O
then	O
put	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
urn	O
,	O
so	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
much	O
less	O
chance	O
of	O
error	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
,	O
in	O
our	O
French	B-NORP
system	O
.	O


Hey	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
interesting	O
there	O
also	O
,	O
when	O
we	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
checks	O
and	O
balances	O
in	O
a	O
non-partisan	O
judiciary	O
,	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
checks	O
and	O
balances	O
,	O
that	O
actually	O
originated	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
.	O


Yes	O
indeed	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
political	O
idea	O
put	O
forward	O
in	O
the	O
writings	O
of	O
the	O
and	O
another	O
very	O
famous	O
french	O
political	O
observer	O
Alexis	B-PERSON
de	I-PERSON
Tocqueville	I-PERSON
who	O
visited	O
America	B-GPE
and	O
wrote	O
an	O
amazingly	O
good	O
book	O
about	O
American	B-NORP
democracy	O
,	O
said	O
exactly	O
that	O
,	O
that	O
America	B-GPE
seemed	O
to	O
him	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
single	O
country	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
who	O
has	O
managed	O
to	O
apply	O
the	O
separation	O
of	O
powers	O
between	O
the	O
judiciary	O
,	O
the	O
executive	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
legislative	O
in	O
a	O
better	O
way	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
country	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
's	O
quite	O
surprising	O
for	O
us	O
Europeans	B-NORP
to	O
see	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
would	O
be	O
involved	O
,	O
not	O
really	O
it	O
seems	O
to	O
us	O
in	O
interpreting	O
the	O
law	O
of	O
the	O
land	O
or	O
the	O
constitution	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
but	O
more	O
in	O
deciding	O
the	O
merits	O
of	O
a	O
terribly	O
political	O
case	O
.	O


Philippe	O
Shatiney	O
,	O
an	O
editor	O
of	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
news	O
weekly	O
'	O
Mahiyan	B-ORG
'	O
.	O


Nice	O
to	O
speak	O
with	O
you	O
Philippe	B-PERSON
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
political	O
maneuvering	O
going	O
on	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
could	O
put	O
us	O
to	O
shame	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Parliament	I-ORG
is	O
considering	O
moves	O
that	O
could	O
allow	O
former	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Benjamin	B-PERSON
Netanyahu	I-PERSON
to	O
run	O
against	O
incumbent	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
.	O


Let	O
's	O
back	O
up	O
for	O
a	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
announced	O
2	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
that	O
he	O
would	O
call	O
for	O
early	O
elections	O
.	O


Then	O
yesterday	B-DATE
he	O
resigned	O
,	O
triggering	O
the	O
vote	O
in	O
about	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
guess	O
who	O
under	O
current	O
Israeli	B-NORP
law	O
would	O
be	O
ineligible	O
to	O
run	O
for	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
?	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
,	O
the	O
former	O
front	O
runner	O
Benjamin	B-PERSON
Netanyahu	I-PERSON
.	O


You	O
see	O
,	O
Netanyahu	B-PERSON
gave	O
up	O
his	O
parliamentary	O
seat	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
after	O
his	O
election	O
lost	O
to	O
Barak	B-PERSON
and	O
in	O
Israel	B-PERSON
,	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
Parliament	B-ORG
,	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
run	O
for	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
.	O


The	O
World	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Myron	I-PERSON
explains	O
.	O


Against	O
the	O
backdrop	O
of	O
continuing	O
violence	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
,	O
election	O
campaign	O
has	O
begun	O
here	O
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
won	O
the	O
endorsement	O
of	O
his	O
Labor	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
as	O
its	O
candidate	O
for	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
and	O
while	O
his	O
supporters	O
may	O
be	O
cheering	O
,	O
many	O
other	O
Israelis	B-NORP
have	O
turned	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
man	O
they	O
elected	O
just	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Opinion	O
polls	O
show	O
him	O
neck	O
and	O
neck	O
with	O
the	O
current	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
right	O
wing	O
Likud	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
Barak	B-PERSON
trails	O
former	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Benjamin	B-PERSON
Netanyahu	I-PERSON
by	O
16	B-CARDINAL
points	O
according	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
poll	O
.	O


Among	O
Labor	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
activists	O
such	O
as	O
legislator	O
Yael	B-PERSON
Dayan	I-PERSON
there	O
is	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
confusion	O
about	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
unpopularity	O
.	O


It	O
certainly	O
objectively	O
does	O
n't	O
make	O
any	O
sense	O
.	O


It	O
means	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
try	O
harder	O
and	O
to	O
remind	O
people	O
why	O
they	O
said	O
such	O
a	O
big	O
no	O
to	O
Netanyahu	B-PERSON
only	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
can	O
win	O
and	O
if	O
he	O
comes	O
to	O
the	O
elections	O
with	O
an	O
indication	O
of	O
continuation	O
of	O
the	O
peace	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
a	O
majority	O
.	O


The	O
discredited	O
former	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Benjamin	B-PERSON
Netanyahu	I-PERSON
now	O
faces	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
legal	O
obstacles	O
before	O
he	O
can	O
challenge	O
Barak	B-PERSON
for	O
the	O
top	O
job	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
current	O
legislation	O
only	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
parliament	O
can	O
stand	O
for	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
.	O


Netanyahu	B-PERSON
supporters	O
are	O
calling	O
either	O
for	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
law	O
or	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
elections	O
for	O
the	O
Knesset	B-ORG
and	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
allow	O
their	O
candidate	O
to	O
run	O
.	O


Senior	O
Likud	B-ORG
activists	O
like	O
Yosee	B-PERSON
Ahmed	I-PERSON
say	O
that	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
decision	O
to	O
call	O
an	O
election	O
just	O
for	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
wo	O
n't	O
save	O
him	O
from	O
his	O
opponent	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
Knesset	B-ORG
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
did	O
n't	O
just	O
do	O
some	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
which	O
is	O
very	O
cynical	O
,	O
he	O
also	O
did	O
something	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
very	O
clever	O
politically	O
because	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
,	O
built	O
-	O
in	O
majority	O
in	O
the	O
Knesset	B-ORG
against	O
him	O
and	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
elections	O
only	O
for	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
he	O
is	O
elected	O
again	O
,	O
how	O
can	O
he	O
manage	O
the	O
country	O
with	O
the	O
built	O
-	O
in	O
majority	O
against	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
therefore	O
call	O
his	O
act	O
an	O
act	O
of	O
extreme	O
irresponsibility	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
political	O
tempo	O
quickens	O
in	O
Israel	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
violence	O
continues	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
Bethlehem	B-GPE
Palestinians	B-NORP
buried	O
another	O
victim	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
troubles	O
killed	O
in	O
fighting	O
yesterday	B-DATE
with	O
the	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
,	O
but	O
as	O
the	O
casualties	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
continue	O
to	O
mount	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
also	O
rumors	O
of	O
high	O
level	O
secret	O
contacts	O
between	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
to	O
find	O
a	O
political	O
solution	O
to	O
the	O
conflict	O
.	O


Gushin	B-PERSON
Baskin	I-PERSON
,	O
co-director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Israel	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Palestine	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Information	I-ORG
says	O
that	O
the	O
prospects	O
of	O
an	O
election	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
could	O
improve	O
the	O
chances	O
for	O
peace	O
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
standing	O
in	O
the	O
polls	O
is	O
so	O
bad	O
that	O
the	O
only	O
thing	O
that	O
can	O
save	O
his	O
political	O
career	O
now	O
is	O
a	O
peace	O
deal	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
reason	O
to	O
be	O
optimistic	O
that	O
something	O
might	O
actually	O
happen	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
that	O
personal	O
self	O
motivation	O
of	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
desire	O
to	O
survive	O
politically	O
and	O
to	O
have	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
future	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
knowing	O
that	O
if	O
he	O
goes	O
to	O
elections	O
with	O
a	O
peace	O
agreement	O
,	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
peace	O
agreement	O
,	O
he	O
stands	O
much	O
better	O
chance	O
of	O
being	O
elected	O
than	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
electorate	O
with	O
nothing	O
.	O


Amid	O
the	O
political	O
intrigue	O
in	O
Israel	O
an	O
international	O
commission	O
led	O
by	O
former	O
US	B-GPE
senator	O
George	B-PERSON
Mitchell	I-PERSON
today	B-DATE
began	O
investigating	O
the	O
causes	O
of	O
the	O
unrest	O
here	O
.	O


Mitchell	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
hoped	O
his	O
work	O
would	O
reduce	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
violence	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
task	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
difficult	O
amid	O
the	O
mutual	O
accusations	O
and	O
the	O
rising	O
death	O
toll	O
.	O


For	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
World	I-WORK_OF_ART
this	O
is	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Myron	I-PERSON
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


You	O
are	O
listening	O
to	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
World	I-WORK_OF_ART
on	O
PRI	B-ORG
,	O
Public	B-ORG
Radio	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
was	O
back	O
in	O
Ireland	B-GPE
today	O
during	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
leg	O
of	O
a	O
3	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
trip	O
that	O
will	O
also	O
take	O
him	O
to	O
Belfast	B-GPE
and	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
is	O
looking	O
ways	O
to	O
encourage	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
in	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
.	O


NPR	B-ORG
's	O
Marianne	B-PERSON
McGuire	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Belfast	B-GPE
.	O


After	O
shopping	O
in	O
Dublin	B-GPE
and	O
drinking	O
a	O
pint	O
of	O
Guinness	B-PRODUCT
in	O
a	O
pub	O
,	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
traveled	O
to	O
the	O
Irish	B-NORP
border	O
for	O
an	O
evening	O
ceremony	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
60,000	I-CARDINAL
people	O
parked	O
the	O
square	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
Dundalk	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
border	O
town	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
carnival	O
atmosphere	O
,	O
people	O
from	O
north	O
and	O
south	O
of	O
the	O
island	O
thanked	O
the	O
President	O
for	O
his	O
efforts	O
in	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
appealed	O
to	O
them	O
to	O
continue	O
supporting	O
the	O
peace	O
accords	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
ask	O
you	O
stand	O
up	O
for	O
peace	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
your	O
lives	O
.	O


But	O
many	O
problems	O
remain	O
in	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
will	O
discuss	O
such	O
issues	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
when	O
he	O
meets	O
the	O
key	O
players	O
of	O
the	O
peace	O
accord	O
in	O
Belfast	B-GPE
.	O


From	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
I	O
am	O
Marianne	B-PERSON
McGuire	I-PERSON
.	O


In	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
court	O
indited	O
six	B-CARDINAL
members	O
of	O
electoral	O
commissions	O
on	O
charges	O
that	O
they	O
abused	O
their	O
official	O
functions	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
September	I-DATE
,	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
Federal	B-ORG
Election	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
published	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
presidential	O
vote	O
,	O
results	O
which	O
,	O
if	O
anyone	O
had	O
believed	O
them	O
,	O
would	O
have	O
necessitated	O
a	O
run	O
off	O
between	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
and	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
.	O


There	O
was	O
no	O
run	O
off	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
Serbs	B-NORP
would	O
n't	O
stand	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


Now	O
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
Kostunica	B-PERSON
is	O
no	O
longer	O
opposing	O
the	O
government	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
running	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
World	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	O
Jackie	B-PERSON
Rolan	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
popular	O
uprising	O
which	O
swept	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
to	O
power	O
,	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
took	O
to	O
the	O
streets	O
in	O
early	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
to	O
force	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
to	O
accept	O
his	O
election	O
defeat	O
and	O
step	O
down	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
since	O
then	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
and	O
Western	B-NORP
governments	O
have	O
rushed	O
to	O
welcome	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
back	O
into	O
the	O
international	O
fold	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
home	O
the	O
most	O
noticeable	O
change	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
sharp	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
living	O
.	O


President	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
says	O
this	O
is	O
inevitable	O
but	O
he	O
sees	O
better	O
times	O
ahead	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
living	O
all	O
under	O
very	O
difficult	O
conditions	O
.	O


Social	O
aspirations	O
is	O
very	O
difficult	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
something	O
which	O
has	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
regime	O
,	O
sanctions	O
of	O
international	O
community	O
,	O
bombing	O
of	O
this	O
country	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
what	O
people	O
mostly	O
appreciate	O
is	O
that	O
sense	O
of	O
freedom	O
.	O


The	O
West	B-LOC
has	O
been	O
rewarding	O
the	O
democratic	O
reforms	O
in	O
Serbia	B-GPE
with	O
big	O
aid	O
packages	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
money	O
comes	O
with	O
some	O
conditions	O
attached	O
.	O


Western	B-NORP
governments	O
want	O
Serbia	B-GPE
to	O
cooperate	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
War	I-ORG
Crimes	I-ORG
Tribunal	I-ORG
in	O
the	B-GPE
Hague	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
Tribunal	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
allowed	O
to	O
open	O
an	O
office	O
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
clear	O
how	O
far	O
this	O
cooperation	O
will	O
go	O
.	O


President	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
does	O
not	O
agree	O
with	O
demands	O
that	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
should	O
be	O
extradited	O
to	O
The	B-GPE
Hague	I-GPE
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
that	O
I	O
must	O
say	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
these	O
processes	O
of	O
responsibility	O
within	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
a	O
very	O
general	O
and	O
many	O
very	O
general	O
objections	O
to	O
the	O
Hague	B-GPE
Tribunal	B-ORG
.	O


I	O
can	O
not	O
imagine	O
that	O
just	O
one	O
judicial	O
instant	O
,	O
just	O
one	B-CARDINAL
court	O
is	O
actually	O
enough	O
to	O
cope	O
this	O
problems	O
.	O


After	O
winning	O
the	O
presidency	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
allies	O
now	O
face	O
a	O
much	O
easier	O
task	O
with	O
Serbian	B-NORP
parliamentary	O
elections	O
in	O
less	B-DATE
then	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
time	O
.	O


The	O
latest	O
opinion	O
polls	O
suggest	O
they	O
will	O
get	O
about	B-PERCENT
65	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
vote	O
,	O
while	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
party	O
would	O
be	O
lucky	O
to	O
win	O
more	O
then	O
a	O
few	O
seats	O
.	O


The	O
opposition	O
coalition	O
has	O
been	O
an	O
alliance	O
of	O
convenience	O
and	O
President	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
admits	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
not	O
last	O
long	O
beyond	O
the	O
elections	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
to	O
run	O
through	O
these	O
republic	O
elections	O
and	O
with	O
all	O
these	O
differences	O
we	O
are	O
staying	O
till	O
these	O
elections	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
on	O
when	O
we	O
come	O
to	O
some	O
elections	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
quite	O
normally	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
good	O
of	O
democracy	O
,	O
these	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
parties	O
within	O
Democratic	B-ORG
Opposition	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Serbia	I-ORG
will	O
appear	O
.	O


The	O
splits	O
are	O
already	O
visible	O
with	O
public	O
disagreements	O
between	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
and	O
Zoran	B-PERSON
Djindjic	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
man	O
expected	O
to	O
form	O
the	O
new	O
Serbian	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
country	O
faces	O
more	O
political	O
instability	O
in	O
the	O
year	O
ahead	O
and	O
the	O
likely	O
prospect	O
of	O
new	O
elections	O
.	O


For	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
World	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
I	O
am	O
Jacky	B-PERSON
Rowland	I-PERSON
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
man	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
replaced	O
,	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
seems	O
to	O
be	O
moving	O
back	O
onto	O
the	O
public	O
stage	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
detailed	O
interview	O
since	O
he	O
was	O
driven	O
from	O
power	O
,	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
today	B-DATE
told	O
a	O
private	O
Serbian	B-NORP
TV	O
station	O
that	O
his	O
conscience	O
is	O
clear	O
about	O
his	O
years	O
in	O
office	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
denounced	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
War	I-ORG
Crimes	I-ORG
Tribunal	I-ORG
as	O
a	O
political	O
institution	O
which	O
is	O
against	O
the	O
Serbs	B-NORP
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
are	O
due	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
to	O
discuss	O
a	O
possible	O
resumption	O
of	O
their	O
peace	O
negotiations	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
is	O
fighting	O
to	O
achieve	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
peace	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
ahead	O
of	O
the	O
election	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
expressing	O
a	O
cautious	O
optimism	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
too	O
early	O
to	O
predict	O
and	O
like	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
we	O
are	O
hopeful	O
to	O
have	O
resumption	O
of	O
negotiations	O
in	O
the	O
appropriate	O
time	O
based	O
on	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
violence	O
and	O
on	O
goodwill	O
,	O
on	O
negotiation	O
,	O
good	O
faith	O
from	O
both	O
sides	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
will	O
hold	O
separate	O
meetings	O
with	O
US	B-GPE
officials	O
.	O


Neither	O
side	O
is	O
ruling	O
out	O
the	O
prospect	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
peace	O
summit	O
before	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
leaves	O
office	O
,	O
a	O
possibility	O
that	O
was	O
stressed	O
by	O
the	O
representative	O
of	O
the	O
PLO	B-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
Hasan	B-PERSON
Abdul	I-PERSON
Rehman	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
whole	O
purpose	O
of	O
those	O
efforts	O
here	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
is	O
really	O
to	O
pursue	O
the	O
discussions	O
under	O
the	O
auspices	O
of	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
government	O
with	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
is	O
due	O
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
situation	O
with	O
President	O
Hosni	B-PERSON
Mubarak	I-PERSON
of	O
Egypt	B-GPE
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
has	O
agreed	O
to	O
impose	O
further	O
sanctions	O
against	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
administration	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
new	O
sanctions	O
,	O
including	O
an	O
arms	O
embargo	O
,	O
were	O
proposed	O
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
accused	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
of	O
supporting	O
international	O
terrorism	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
want	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
to	O
hand	O
over	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
born	O
militant	O
,	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
.	O


BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
for	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
World	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


I	O
am	O
Gregor	B-PERSON
Cragey	I-PERSON
.	O


From	O
NPR	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
am	O
Corey	B-PERSON
Flintoff	I-PERSON
.	O


President	O
-	O
elect	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
formally	O
resigned	O
today	B-DATE
as	O
governor	O
of	O
Texas	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
his	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
office	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
tribute	O
to	O
bipartisan	O
efforts	O
with	O
the	O
legislature	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
Texas	B-GPE
has	O
made	O
steady	O
progress	O
in	O
improving	O
education	O
,	O
the	O
criminal	O
justice	O
system	O
and	O
tax	O
reform	O
.	O


If	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
was	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
public	O
enemy	O
number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
nineties	I-DATE
he	O
lost	O
the	O
dubious	O
distinction	O
to	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
latter	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
decade	O
.	O


The	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
strongman	O
started	O
four	B-CARDINAL
Balkan	B-NORP
wars	O
and	O
eventually	O
provoked	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
to	O
lead	O
Nato	B-ORG
into	O
a	O
successful	O
bombing	O
campaign	O
against	O
Serbia	B-GPE
.	O


Milosevic	B-PERSON
got	O
his	O
this	O
past	O
fall	O
losing	O
elections	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
and	O
being	O
ousted	O
in	O
October	B-DATE
.	O


His	O
Socialist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
will	O
try	O
and	O
probably	O
fail	O
to	O
retain	O
power	O
in	O
Parliament	B-ORG
when	O
Serb	B-NORP
voters	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
polls	O
this	B-DATE
saturday	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
Jacky	B-PERSON
Roland	I-PERSON
reports	O
on	O
the	O
fading	O
prospects	O
of	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
.	O


Surrounded	O
by	O
bodyguards	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
arrives	O
at	O
a	O
special	O
meeting	O
of	O
his	O
Socialist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
to	O
discuss	O
election	O
tactics	O
.	O


He	O
suffered	O
a	O
humiliating	O
defeat	O
back	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
and	O
the	O
opinion	O
polls	O
predict	O
another	O
trouncing	O
on	O
Saturday	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
his	O
supporters	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
put	O
on	O
a	O
brave	O
face	O
.	O


They	O
voted	O
overwhelmingly	O
to	O
keep	O
him	O
as	O
party	O
President	O
.	O


I	O
asked	O
a	O
senior	O
party	O
official	O
Branislav	B-PERSON
Ivkovic	I-PERSON
why	O
they	O
were	O
keeping	O
a	O
leader	O
who	O
was	O
such	O
an	O
obvious	O
vote	O
loser	O
.	O


Everybody	O
asked	O
me	O
about	O
President	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
.	O


Leave	O
him	O
alone	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
true	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
President	O
of	O
Social	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
but	O
Social	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Serbia	I-ORG
has	O
400,000	B-CARDINAL
members	O
.	O


Ordinary	O
people	O
,	O
family	O
people	O
but	O
everybody	O
of	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
about	O
President	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
strangely	O
enough	O
the	O
young	O
people	O
of	O
Serbia	B-GPE
do	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
care	O
about	O
their	O
former	O
President	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
talk	O
of	O
revenge	O
among	O
the	O
drinkers	O
at	O
this	O
bar	O
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
are	O
just	O
glad	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
interested	O
about	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
any	O
more	O
and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
go	O
on	O
.	O


Our	O
people	O
and	O
our	O
country	O
want	O
to	O
forget	O
that	O
name	O
and	O
never	O
speak	O
it	O
again	O
any	O
more	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Socialist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
will	O
be	O
lucky	O
to	O
win	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
few	O
seats	O
in	O
Parliament	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
Party	B-ORG
has	O
retreated	O
into	O
a	O
parallel	O
reality	O
.	O


Its	O
television	O
commercials	O
depict	O
a	O
world	O
that	O
barely	O
exists	O
any	O
more	O
.	O


Happy	O
peasants	O
in	O
the	O
mountains	O
cut	O
their	O
grass	O
using	O
scythes	O
.	O


The	O
former	O
ruling	O
party	O
seems	O
to	O
have	O
lost	O
touch	O
completely	O
with	O
ordinary	O
voters	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
who	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
Information	B-ORG
Minister	O
Goran	B-PERSON
Matic	I-PERSON
says	O
it	O
is	O
only	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
time	O
before	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
back	O
in	O
power	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
convinced	O
that	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
time	O
we	O
will	O
win	O
elections	O
and	O
be	O
back	O
in	O
government	O
again	O
,	O
not	O
because	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
power	O
or	O
a	O
minister	O
but	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
in	O
the	O
interest	O
of	O
the	O
citizens	O
of	O
our	O
country	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
is	O
clear	O
that	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
wife	O
have	O
not	O
given	O
up	O
their	O
ambitions	O
.	O


He	O
recently	O
appeared	O
on	O
Serbian	B-NORP
television	O
in	O
a	O
two	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
interview	O
,	O
while	O
she	O
has	O
taken	O
up	O
her	O
seat	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Parliament	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
former	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
President	O
Zoran	B-PERSON
Lilic	I-PERSON
has	O
recently	O
left	O
the	B-ORG
Socialist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
warns	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
too	O
early	O
to	O
write	O
off	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
.	O


You	O
can	O
be	O
sure	O
he	O
is	O
still	O
pulling	O
all	O
his	O
political	O
strings	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
only	O
one	O
aim	O
,	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
the	O
political	O
scene	O
and	O
anyone	O
who	O
thinks	O
otherwise	O
is	O
underestimating	O
him	O
.	O


Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
still	O
wins	O
applause	O
from	O
the	O
party	O
faithful	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
says	O
there	O
is	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
place	O
for	O
him	O
,	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
War	I-ORG
Crimes	I-ORG
Tribunal	I-ORG
in	O
The	B-GPE
Hague	I-GPE
.	O


Whether	O
he	O
'll	O
end	O
up	O
there	O
is	O
another	O
matter	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
leaders	O
of	O
Serbia	B-GPE
shy	O
away	O
from	O
questions	O
about	O
extraditing	O
the	O
former	O
President	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
the	O
best	O
place	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
stand	O
trial	O
would	O
be	O
before	O
his	O
own	O
people	O
.	O


For	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
World	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
I	O
am	O
Jacky	B-PERSON
Roland	I-PERSON
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


Not	O
a	O
whole	O
lot	O
happens	O
in	O
Dornoch	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
the	O
small	O
Scottish	B-NORP
town	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
universe	O
.	O


At	O
least	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
conclusion	O
you	O
might	O
reach	O
from	O
seeing	O
the	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
journalists	O
and	O
photographers	O
camped	O
out	O
there	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
all	O
vying	O
for	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
millennium	I-DATE
,	O
which	O
is	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
,	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
's	O
wedding	O
of	O
singer	O
Madonna	B-PERSON
and	O
filmmaker	O
Guy	B-PERSON
Ritchie	I-PERSON
.	O


This	O
amazing	O
,	O
thrilling	O
and	O
fantastic	O
story	O
began	O
today	B-DATE
with	O
the	O
christening	O
of	O
the	O
couple	O
's	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
boy	O
'	O
Rocco	B-PERSON
.	O
'	O


Reporter	O
Garith	B-PERSON
McClain	I-PERSON
is	O
covering	O
the	O
story	O
for	O
the	O
London	B-GPE
based	O
Guardian	B-ORG
newspaper	O
.	O


Now	O
Garith	B-PERSON
it	O
sounds	O
like	O
the	O
Scottish	B-NORP
media	O
have	O
all	O
gone	O
mad	O
.	O


Why	O
this	O
interest	O
in	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
pop	O
star	O
?	O


We	O
are	O
surprised	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
such	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
pop	O
star	O
in	O
Scotland	B-GPE
itself	O
,	O
never	O
mind	O
up	O
in	O
Dornoch	B-GPE
which	O
is	O
near	O
Inverness	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
beyond	O
even	O
to	O
most	O
Scottish	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
the	O
wilds	O
of	O
Washington	B-GPE
State	I-GPE
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
best	O
comparison	O
I	O
can	O
make	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
are	O
saying	O
there	O
are	O
n't	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
stars	O
and	O
starlets	O
there	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
whole	O
lot	O
going	O
on	O
.	O


Just	O
the	O
howling	O
wind	O
and	O
the	O
pouring	O
rain	O
otherwise	O
.	O


And	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
fog	O
I	O
guess	O
now	O
.	O


Apparently	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
hard	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
good	O
camera	O
angle	O
for	O
the	O
wedding	O
.	O


Apparently	O
so	O
,	O
yes	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
guests	O
have	O
been	O
warned	O
not	O
to	O
keep	O
cameras	O
in	O
their	O
kilts	O
.	O


Cameras	O
in	O
their	O
kilts	O
?	O


Yes	O
.	O


If	O
one	O
would	O
so	O
desire	O
.	O


Well	O
apparently	O
,	O
photo	O
lens	O
in	O
your	O
pocket	O
or	O
are	O
you	O
just	O
pleased	O
to	O
see	O
me	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
guests	O
have	O
been	O
warned	O
not	O
to	O
bring	O
in	O
cameras	O
in	O
their	O
kilts	O
and	O
people	O
are	O
having	O
their	O
kilts	O
examined	O
and	O
looked	O
up	O
,	O
which	O
if	O
you	O
know	O
anything	O
about	O
Scotland	B-GPE
and	O
Scottish	B-NORP
men	O
are	O
n't	O
suppose	O
to	O
wear	O
anything	O
under	O
their	O
kilts	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


A	O
bit	O
of	O
an	O
eyeful	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
got	O
a	O
camera	O
there	O
!	O


That	O
's	O
an	O
interesting	O
little	O
anecdote	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
when	O
this	O
sort	O
of	O
thing	O
happens	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
community	O
and	O
I	O
guess	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
under	O
statement	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
it	O
all	O
succeeds	O
depends	O
on	O
how	O
well	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
local	O
people	O
can	O
keep	O
secrets	O
.	O


Are	O
people	O
kind	O
of	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
fold	O
on	O
this	O
,	O
or	O
are	O
there	O
things	O
being	O
leaked	O
around	O
to	O
press	O
here	O
and	O
there	O
?	O


Well	O
Skibo	B-FAC
Castle	I-FAC
,	O
where	O
the	O
wedding	O
is	O
being	O
held	O
,	O
is	O
very	O
discrete	O
.	O


There	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
celebrity	O
weddings	O
there	O
but	O
none	O
as	O
big	O
as	O
this	O
admittedly	O
.	O


But	O
within	O
the	O
town	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
piano	O
being	O
rented	O
out	O
from	O
a	O
piano	O
shop	O
in	O
Aberdeen	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
is	O
sort	O
of	O
reasonably	O
nearby	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
leaked	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
piano	O
that	O
someone	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
play	O
at	O
the	O
wedding	O
.	O


Reportedly	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
Elton	B-PERSON
John	I-PERSON
who	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
song	O
for	O
Guy	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
shop	O
was	O
inundated	O
when	O
this	O
was	O
leaked	O
and	O
people	O
just	O
wanting	O
to	O
touch	O
the	O
piano	O
that	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
room	O
as	O
Madonna	B-PERSON
and	O
Guy	B-PERSON
Ritchie	I-PERSON
.	O


I	O
imagine	O
the	O
locals	O
could	O
be	O
kind	O
of	O
swooning	O
for	O
quite	O
a	O
while	O
because	O
Sting	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
I	O
guess	O
might	O
be	O
singing	O
at	O
the	O
wedding	O
,	O
his	O
wife	O
introduced	O
the	O
couple	O
.	O


Brad	B-PERSON
Pitt	I-PERSON
,	O
Gwyneth	B-PERSON
Paltrow	I-PERSON
,	O
Robin	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
,	O
George	B-PERSON
Clooney	I-PERSON
,	O
any	O
other	O
people	O
around	O
there	O
are	O
specially	O
fond	O
of	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
unusual	O
thing	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
have	O
some	O
friends	O
who	O
live	O
up	O
in	O
there	O
next	O
to	O
the	O
woods	O
and	O
people	O
are	O
just	O
surprised	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
choose	O
this	O
little	O
tiny	O
village	O
in	O
Scotland	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
juxtaposition	O
of	O
that	O
glamour	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
a	B-PERSON
Gwyneth	I-PERSON
Paltrow	I-PERSON
in	O
Inverness	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
just	O
does	O
n't	O
sound	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
thinking	O
about	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
Stella	B-PERSON
McCartney	I-PERSON
is	O
there	O
too	O
and	O
apparently	O
Celine	B-PERSON
Dion	I-PERSON
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
pretty	O
amazing	O
,	O
all	O
these	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
stars	O
in	O
this	O
quiet	O
,	O
sleepy	O
village	O
that	O
is	O
n't	O
really	O
famous	O
for	O
anything	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
must	O
be	O
a	O
real	O
boom	O
to	O
the	O
local	O
economy	O
?	O


Oh	O
absolutely	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
estimated	O
that	O
3	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
pounds	I-MONEY
,	O
which	O
is	O
about	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
in	O
Dornoch	B-GPE
just	O
from	O
journalists	O
and	O
celebrities	O
and	O
sort	O
of	O
sightseers	O
I	O
guess	O
coming	O
to	O
see	O
where	O
Madonna	B-PERSON
got	O
married	O
.	O


Gosh	O
,	O
this	O
must	O
be	O
you	O
know	O
about	B-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
times	O
the	O
local	O
budget	O
there	O
.	O


Yeah	O
,	O
absolutely	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
they	O
'll	O
know	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
all	O
that	O
money	O
out	O
there	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
only	O
so	O
many	O
sheep	O
you	O
can	O
buy	O
.	O


But	O
the	B-ORG
Scottish	I-ORG
Tourist	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
are	O
also	O
planning	O
on	O
cashing	O
in	O
on	O
it	O
and	O
they	O
're	O
estimating	O
some	B-MONEY
60	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
will	O
be	O
made	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
just	O
with	O
people	O
coming	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
sight	O
of	O
Madonna	B-PERSON
and	O
Guy	B-PERSON
's	O
wedding	O
.	O


Garith	O
McClain	O
,	O
covering	O
the	O
Madonna	B-PERSON
-	O
Guy	B-PERSON
Ritchie	I-PERSON
wedding	O
for	O
the	O
London	B-GPE
based	O
Guardian	B-ORG
newspaper	O
speaking	O
to	O
us	O
from	O
Edinburgh	B-GPE
,	O
Scotland	B-GPE
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
,	O
Garith	B-PERSON
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
to	O
assess	O
how	O
the	O
peace	O
talks	O
are	O
going	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
said	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Madeleine	B-PERSON
Albright	I-PERSON
is	O
expected	O
to	O
join	O
in	O
the	O
talks	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
morning	B-TIME
.	O


Spokesman	O
P.J.	B-PERSON
Crowley	I-PERSON
said	O
the	O
administration	O
has	O
n't	O
ruled	O
out	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
sending	O
a	O
senior	O
US	B-GPE
official	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
Mid	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
to	O
try	O
to	O
arrange	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leaders	O
.	O


The	O
Mid	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
peace	O
talks	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
reportedly	O
took	O
a	O
turn	O
for	O
the	O
worse	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
senior	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
officials	O
accused	O
Israel	B-GPE
of	O
backtracking	O
on	O
proposals	O
aimed	O
at	O
resolving	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
denied	O
the	O
accusation	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
the	O
continuing	O
violence	O
seems	O
to	O
underline	O
the	O
urgency	O
of	O
the	O
talks	O
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
more	O
people	O
were	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
with	O
both	O
sides	O
blaming	O
each	O
other	O
for	O
the	O
bloodshed	O
.	O


The	O
World	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Myron	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Tel	B-GPE
Aviv	I-GPE
now	O
.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
,	O
describe	O
what	O
's	O
been	O
happening	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Well	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
had	O
unfortunately	O
what	O
we	O
term	O
a	O
busy	O
day	O
here	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
including	O
a	O
suicide	O
bombing	O
in	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settlement	O
in	O
the	O
northern	O
part	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
.	O


What	O
apparently	O
happened	O
was	O
that	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
went	O
in	O
to	O
a	O
roadside	O
restaurant	O
and	O
he	O
blew	O
himself	O
up	O
critically	O
injuring	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


Elsewhere	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
there	O
have	O
been	O
deaths	O
of	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
Palestinian	B-NORP
was	O
apparently	O
shot	O
,	O
so	O
the	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
claims	O
,	O
by	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
fire	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
working	O
in	O
the	O
greenhouse	O
in	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settlement	O
.	O


Elsewhere	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
in	O
clashes	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
an	B-DATE
unfortunately	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
as	I-DATE
I	I-DATE
say	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
busy	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
bloody	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
here	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
was	O
happening	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
Ramadan	I-DATE
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	B-DATE
very	I-DATE
important	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
for	O
Muslim	B-NORP
prayer	O
.	O


Was	O
there	O
any	O
trouble	O
today	B-DATE
around	O
the	O
holy	O
sites	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
?	O


The	O
trouble	O
was	O
very	O
limited	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
some	O
scuffles	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
of	O
stone	O
throwing	O
and	O
at	O
one	O
point	O
the	B-FAC
Western	I-FAC
War	I-FAC
Plaza	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
area	O
that	O
stands	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
Jewish	B-NORP
holy	O
site	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
West	I-FAC
Moor	I-FAC
was	O
cleared	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
adjacent	O
to	O
the	O
Muslim	B-NORP
site	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Haram	I-FAC
al	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Sharif	I-FAC
or	O
Temple	B-FAC
Mount	I-FAC
.	O


This	O
was	O
cleared	O
because	O
of	O
some	O
stone	O
throwing	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
fairly	O
limited	O
.	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
police	O
and	O
security	O
forces	O
have	O
acted	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
to	O
try	O
and	O
ensure	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
as	O
much	O
control	O
as	O
possible	O
drafting	O
in	O
3000	B-CARDINAL
policemen	O
and	O
security	O
officials	O
,	O
also	O
not	O
allowing	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
in	O
from	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
.	O


They	O
must	O
be	O
45	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
over	O
to	O
enter	O
the	B-GPE
Old	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
from	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
,	O
35	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
older	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
has	O
limited	O
the	O
numbers	O
inside	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
trouble	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
was	O
some	O
scuffle	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
expected	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
certainly	O
tension	O
and	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
of	O
trouble	O
there	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
happening	O
against	O
the	O
backdrop	O
of	O
peace	O
talks	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
are	O
in	O
their	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
today	B-DATE
.	O


What	O
about	O
people	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
there	O
where	O
you	O
are	O
?	O


Are	O
they	O
hopeful	O
something	O
might	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
this	O
?	O


Are	O
they	O
even	O
paying	O
heed	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
?	O


I	O
think	O
people	O
are	O
paying	O
heed	O
because	O
I	O
think	O
people	O
realize	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
sense	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
happen	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
great	O
sense	O
of	O
urgency	O
here	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
really	O
berserk	O
.	O


The	O
security	O
situation	O
has	O
deteriorated	O
to	O
a	O
very	O
bad	O
level	O
and	O
could	O
deteriorate	O
yet	O
further	O
unless	O
there	O
is	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
agreement	O
.	O


Having	O
said	O
that	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
there	O
is	O
really	O
a	O
great	O
sense	O
of	O
pessimism	O
amongst	O
both	O
sides	O
.	O


Talking	O
of	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
side	O
first	O
of	O
all	O
,	O
the	O
middle	O
ground	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
feels	O
very	O
disappointed	O
and	O
to	O
some	O
extent	O
disillusioned	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
does	O
n't	O
feel	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
much	O
of	O
a	O
possibility	O
for	O
an	O
honest	O
deal	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
trust	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
they	O
may	O
want	O
the	O
deal	O
to	O
happen	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
trust	O
the	O
intentions	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
.	O


The	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
for	O
their	O
part	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
are	O
deeply	O
pessimistic	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
mistrusted	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
throughout	O
this	O
process	O
and	O
have	O
viewed	O
the	O
process	O
as	O
one	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
gradually	O
robbed	O
them	O
of	O
their	O
rights	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
see	O
any	O
agreement	O
as	O
a	O
sellout	O
.	O


So	O
basically	O
neither	O
side	O
enters	O
this	O
with	O
a	O
great	O
sense	O
of	O
hope	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
think	O
both	O
sides	O
ultimately	O
recognize	O
that	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
to	O
have	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
agreement	O
or	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
to	O
live	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
either	O
got	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
by	O
negotiation	O
or	O
by	O
blood	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
obviously	O
most	O
people	O
would	O
rather	O
live	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
in	O
peace	O
,	O
the	O
peace	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
found	O
through	O
negotiations	O
.	O


It	O
sounds	O
then	O
as	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
not	O
necessarily	O
a	O
big	O
willingness	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
to	O
compromise	O
any	O
more	O
than	O
there	O
was	O
earlier	O
,	O
especially	O
as	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
comes	O
in	O
to	O
speak	O
with	O
the	O
negotiators	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
speaking	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
amongst	O
the	O
leadership	O
I	O
think	O
there	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
tendency	O
to	O
compromise	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
heard	O
reports	O
that	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
are	O
willing	O
,	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
are	O
close	O
to	O
a	O
deal	O
on	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
i.e.	O
that	O
the	O
Palestinians	O
would	O
get	O
sovereignty	O
over	O
East	B-GPE
Jerusalem	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
is	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
claimed	O
is	O
justly	O
theirs	O
and	O
what	O
they	O
want	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
talk	O
of	O
borders	O
and	O
the	O
refugees	O
being	O
discussed	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
great	O
sense	O
of	O
urgency	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
a	O
deal	O
should	O
be	O
reached	O
.	O


The	O
Israelis	B-NORP
are	O
particularly	O
keen	O
with	O
the	O
forthcoming	O
election	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
,	O
this	O
Israeli	B-NORP
government	O
wants	O
to	O
deliver	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
a	O
deal	O
so	O
that	O
has	O
something	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
electorate	O
with	O
.	O


The	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
,	O
some	O
could	O
argue	O
,	O
are	O
in	O
a	O
better	O
negotiating	O
position	O
,	O
but	O
equally	O
then	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
faced	O
with	O
the	O
prospect	O
of	O
the	O
Prime	O
Ministership	O
of	O
the	O
right	O
wing	O
leader	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
,	O
they	O
may	O
judge	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
time	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
deal	O
equally	O
.	O


The	O
World	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Myron	I-PERSON
speaking	O
to	O
us	O
from	O
Tel	B-GPE
Aviv	I-GPE
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
Richard	B-PERSON
for	O
the	O
update	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
,	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
due	O
to	O
meet	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


They	O
will	O
discuss	O
prospects	O
for	O
peace	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
more	O
violence	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
has	O
resulted	O
in	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
more	O
deaths	O
.	O


Hillary	B-PERSON
Anderson	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
suicide	O
bomber	O
had	O
explosives	O
strapped	O
to	O
his	O
body	O
.	O


He	O
blew	O
himself	O
up	O
at	O
an	O
outdoor	O
cafe	O
frequented	O
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
near	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settlement	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
Israelis	B-NORP
were	O
wounded	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
violence	O
,	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
worker	O
was	O
shot	O
dead	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
and	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
,	O
another	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
,	O
a	O
teenager	O
,	O
was	O
shot	O
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
during	O
clashes	O
.	O


Tensions	O
were	O
at	O
a	O
peak	O
across	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
areas	O
because	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
holiest	O
day	O
in	O
the	O
Muslim	B-NORP
calendar	O
and	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
had	O
banned	O
Muslims	B-NORP
under	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
45	I-DATE
and	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
35	B-DATE
from	O
praying	O
at	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
's	O
holy	O
sites	O
.	O


Hillary	B-PERSON
Anderson	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
President	O
Mubarak	B-PERSON
of	O
Egypt	B-GPE
are	O
going	O
to	O
meet	O
in	O
Cairo	B-GPE
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
.	O


That	O
's	O
as	O
efforts	O
continue	O
to	O
complete	O
a	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
peace	O
agreement	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
given	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
Israelis	B-NORP
until	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
to	O
accept	O
his	O
proposals	O
as	O
a	O
starting	O
point	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
must	O
relinquish	O
sovereignty	O
over	O
most	O
of	O
Arab	B-NORP
East	B-GPE
Jerusalem	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
must	O
scale	O
back	O
their	O
demand	O
for	O
the	O
return	O
of	O
refugees	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
proposal	O
.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
Myron	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


Prime	O
Minister	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
scheduled	O
meeting	O
with	O
President	O
Mubarak	B-PERSON
is	O
being	O
seen	O
by	O
some	O
here	O
as	O
a	O
positive	O
indication	O
that	O
a	O
deal	O
may	O
be	O
close	O
between	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiating	O
teams	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
negotiators	O
have	O
been	O
weighing	O
out	O
proposals	O
over	O
the	O
most	O
sensitive	O
matters	O
that	O
divide	O
them	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
may	O
believe	O
that	O
by	O
winning	O
regional	O
support	O
of	O
the	O
deal	O
he	O
can	O
convince	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
to	O
agree	O
to	O
the	O
proposals	O
,	O
but	O
even	O
if	O
both	O
sides	O
do	O
agree	O
to	O
compromise	O
on	O
these	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
divisive	O
and	O
thorny	O
issues	O
,	O
they	O
'll	O
face	O
considerable	O
domestic	O
opposition	O
to	O
a	O
final	O
peace	O
deal	O
.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
Myron	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


From	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
in	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
'm	O
James	B-PERSON
Cowling	I-PERSON
for	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
.	O


A	O
senior	O
Israeli	B-NORP
official	O
has	O
concluded	O
talks	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
with	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
.	O


Prime	O
Minister	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
Chief	O
of	O
Staff	O
Giliad	B-PERSON
Share	I-PERSON
has	O
delivered	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
response	O
to	O
American	B-NORP
peace	O
proposals	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
home	O
Barak	B-PERSON
might	O
face	O
a	O
devastating	O
defeat	O
in	O
the	O
forthcoming	O
elections	O
.	O


Paul	B-PERSON
Adams	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
is	O
in	O
trouble	O
.	O


His	O
efforts	O
to	O
reach	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
peace	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
have	O
so	O
far	O
yielded	O
nothing	O
.	O


Now	O
with	O
less	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
to	O
go	O
before	O
elections	O
,	O
the	O
latest	O
opinion	O
poll	O
suggests	O
he	O
is	O
in	O
for	O
a	O
drubbing	O
at	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
his	O
right	O
wing	O
challenger	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
.	O


For	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
Mr.	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
has	O
topped	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
with	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
trailing	O
by	O
as	B-CARDINAL
much	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
28	I-CARDINAL
points	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
's	O
political	O
commentators	O
are	O
unanimous	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
best	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
's	O
situation	O
is	O
nearly	O
terminal	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
is	O
trying	O
to	O
sell	O
an	O
historic	O
peace	O
agreement	O
to	O
a	O
public	O
that	O
would	O
n't	O
even	O
buy	O
a	O
used	O
car	O
from	O
him	O
.	O


Paul	B-PERSON
Adams	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


This	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
a	O
court	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
began	O
selecting	O
the	O
jury	O
for	O
the	O
trial	O
of	O
4	B-CARDINAL
men	O
charged	O
with	O
killing	O
the	O
12	B-CARDINAL
Americans	B-NORP
who	O
died	O
in	O
the	O
bombings	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
'	I-GPE
embassies	O
in	O
Kenya	B-GPE
and	O
Tanzania	B-GPE
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
twenty	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
people	O
died	O
in	O
the	O
simultaneous	O
attacks	O
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
Kenyans	B-NORP
.	O


For	O
the	O
survivors	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
severely	O
injured	O
,	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
since	O
the	O
bombings	O
have	O
been	O
hard	O
.	O


The	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
Cathy	B-PERSON
Drinkins	I-PERSON
in	O
Nairobi	B-GPE
met	O
up	O
with	O
some	O
of	O
those	O
trying	O
to	O
rebuild	O
their	O
lives	O
from	O
the	O
ruins	O
of	O
the	O
Kenya	B-GPE
embassy	O
blast	O
.	O


I	O
heard	O
a	O
loud	O
sound	O
here	O
and	O
then	O
we	O
tried	O
to	O
look	O
the	O
window	O
.	O


I	O
later	O
realized	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
down	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
n't	O
remember	O
what	O
happened	O
thereafter	O
and	O
I	O
found	O
myself	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O


Beatrice	B-PERSON
Ketch	I-PERSON
was	O
23	B-DATE
when	O
the	O
bomb	O
ripped	O
out	O
the	O
windows	O
of	O
the	O
office	O
where	O
she	O
worked	O
opposite	O
the	O
embassy	O
.	O


Beatrice	B-PERSON
is	O
lucky	O
in	O
that	O
she	O
has	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
a	O
job	O
as	O
a	O
secretary	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
is	O
still	O
having	O
treatment	O
for	O
scars	O
on	O
her	O
legs	O
and	O
arms	O
and	O
face	O
.	O


I	O
feel	O
very	O
bad	O
because	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
very	O
face	O
I	O
used	O
to	O
have	O
before	O
,	O
yeah	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
look	O
beautiful	O
.	O


This	O
scar	O
alone	O
makes	O
me	O
not	O
look	O
beautiful	O
.	O


Yeah	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
can	O
hardly	O
see	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
just	O
under	O
your	O
chin	O
.	O


Yeah	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
under	O
my	O
chin	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
one	B-CARDINAL
on	O
my	O
hand	O
here	O
.	O


Most	O
people	O
ask	O
me	O
what	O
was	O
wrong	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
think	O
maybe	O
we	O
were	O
fighting	O
with	O
someone	O
so	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
explain	O
to	O
them	O
that	O
this	O
one	O
was	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
bomb	O
blast	O
.	O


Another	O
victim	O
,	O
36	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Simon	B-PERSON
Macharia	I-PERSON
has	O
had	O
the	O
unenviable	O
task	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
explain	O
to	O
policemen	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
n't	O
fallen	O
asleep	O
drunk	O
on	O
a	O
pavement	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
simply	O
been	O
confused	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
bombing	O
he	O
has	O
had	O
psychological	O
problems	O
and	O
has	O
found	O
himself	O
locked	O
in	O
a	O
police	O
cell	O
on	O
three	O
occasions	O
after	O
being	O
picked	O
up	O
.	O


Simon	B-PERSON
lived	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
Nairobi	B-GPE
's	O
sprawling	O
slums	O
and	O
he	O
has	O
had	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
his	O
job	O
delivering	O
milk	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
hand	O
injury	O
sustained	O
in	O
the	O
blast	O
.	O


Life	O
for	O
him	O
,	O
his	O
wife	O
and	O
his	O
6	B-CARDINAL
children	O
has	O
been	O
very	O
difficult	O
.	O


My	O
wife	O
,	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
just	O
understand	O
me	O
because	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
feel	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
fury	O
and	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
anger	O
in	O
me	O
.	O


My	O
money	O
got	O
finished	O
and	O
then	O
my	O
child	O
comes	O
,	O
who	O
needs	O
a	O
book	O
,	O
needs	O
this	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
.	O


Their	O
mother	O
is	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
hard	O
to	O
cope	O
with	O
this	O
situation	O
.	O


Simon	B-PERSON
and	O
Beatrice	B-PERSON
are	O
among	O
some	O
3000	B-CARDINAL
Kenyans	B-NORP
who	O
have	O
filed	O
for	O
compensation	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
lawyers	O
.	O


The	O
legal	O
rendings	O
over	O
the	O
claims	O
will	O
begin	O
soon	O
,	O
but	O
according	O
to	O
Solomon	B-PERSON
Ombobia	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Bomb	I-ORG
Blast	I-ORG
Legal	I-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
in	O
Nairobi	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
money	O
is	O
needed	O
now	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
seen	O
people	O
suffering	O
.	O


We	O
even	O
go	O
to	O
an	O
extent	O
of	O
helping	O
them	O
even	O
to	O
get	O
their	O
bus	O
fare	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
taken	O
too	O
long	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
even	O
come	O
for	O
assistance	O
to	O
even	O
get	O
money	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
reach	O
to	O
hospitals	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
has	O
taken	O
too	O
long	O
.	O


After	O
two	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
trial	O
is	O
now	O
getting	O
underway	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
men	O
accused	O
of	O
being	O
behind	O
the	O
bombings	O
.	O


Beatrice	B-PERSON
Ketch	I-PERSON
wants	O
justice	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
.	O


What	O
I	O
feel	O
is	O
those	O
people	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
punished	O
severely	O
because	O
so	O
many	O
lives	O
were	O
lost	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


Most	O
people	O
were	O
injured	O
.	O


So	O
me	O
,	O
what	O
I	O
want	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
punished	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
man	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
believes	O
masterminded	O
the	O
attacks	O
,	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
is	O
still	O
at	O
large	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
government	O
has	O
offered	O
a	O
5	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
reward	O
for	O
information	O
which	O
would	O
lead	O
to	O
his	O
arrest	O
and	O
of	O
other	O
suspects	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
bombing	O
victims	O
,	O
justice	O
and	O
compensation	O
could	O
still	O
be	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
off	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
Cathy	B-PERSON
Jenkins	I-PERSON
in	O
Nairobi	B-GPE
.	O


Lawyers	O
for	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Libyans	B-NORP
charged	O
with	O
the	O
Lockerbie	B-GPE
airliner	O
bombing	O
say	O
they	O
will	O
call	O
no	O
further	O
witnesses	O
,	O
abruptly	O
ending	O
testimony	O
in	O
the	O
trial	O
.	O


They	O
closed	O
their	O
case	O
after	O
failing	O
to	O
obtain	O
what	O
they	O
say	O
is	O
crucial	O
evidence	O
from	O
Syria	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
Castle	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
unexpected	O
turn	O
of	O
events	O
,	O
defense	O
lawyers	O
told	O
the	O
trial	O
judges	O
that	O
after	O
calling	O
three	B-CARDINAL
witnesses	O
,	O
no	O
further	O
evidence	O
will	O
be	O
led	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
accused	O
Libyans	B-NORP
,	O
Abdul	B-PERSON
Basit	I-PERSON
Ali	I-PERSON
Mohammad	I-PERSON
Almed	I-PERSON
Grahi	I-PERSON
and	O
none	O
at	O
all	O
introduced	O
for	O
the	O
other	O
,	O
Alamin	B-PERSON
Khaleefa	I-PERSON
Fima	I-PERSON
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
neither	O
of	O
the	O
accused	O
will	O
take	O
the	O
stand	O
to	O
give	O
evidence	O
.	O


The	O
development	O
follows	O
the	O
refusal	O
by	O
Syria	B-GPE
to	O
cooperate	O
with	O
efforts	O
by	O
the	O
court	O
to	O
recover	O
information	O
regarded	O
by	O
defense	O
lawyers	O
as	O
crucial	O
to	O
their	O
case	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
bombing	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
by	O
militant	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
,	O
some	O
of	O
whom	O
were	O
members	O
of	O
an	O
organization	O
with	O
links	O
to	O
Syria	B-GPE
.	O


Andrew	B-PERSON
Castle	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


This	O
is	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
.	O


I	O
am	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
Mullins	I-PERSON
.	O


For	O
16	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
Israelis	B-NORP
have	O
been	O
dying	O
in	O
clashes	O
on	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


Whatever	O
trust	O
once	O
existed	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
has	O
just	O
about	O
completely	O
vanished	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
an	O
action	O
that	O
Israel	B-GPE
took	O
today	B-DATE
could	O
have	O
more	O
significance	O
than	O
is	O
immediately	O
apparent	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
dismantled	O
several	O
checkpoints	O
on	O
the	O
main	O
north	O
-	O
south	O
road	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
spite	O
of	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
efforts	O
to	O
bring	O
about	O
a	O
resumption	O
of	O
full	O
security	O
cooperation	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
,	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
has	O
been	O
going	O
the	O
extra	O
mile	O
to	O
make	O
peace	O
.	O


The	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
's	O
political	O
survival	O
may	O
depend	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
faces	O
the	O
voters	O
in	O
3	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
and	O
as	O
The	O
World	B-ORG
's	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Myron	I-PERSON
reports	O
,	O
Barak	B-PERSON
is	O
way	O
behind	O
.	O


Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
man	O
once	O
reviled	O
by	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
political	O
establishment	O
is	O
now	O
attracting	O
popular	O
support	O
throughout	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Supporters	O
call	O
him	O
by	O
his	O
nickname	O
`	O
Ari	B-PERSON
'	O
during	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
this	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
market	O
and	O
hailed	O
him	O
as	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
shout	O
,	O
``	O
Only	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
can	O
bring	O
peace	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
72	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
leader	O
of	O
the	O
right	O
wing	O
Likud	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
is	O
expected	O
to	O
trounce	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
upcoming	O
election	O
for	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Sloma	B-PERSON
Ben	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
was	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
drum	O
up	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
peace	O
deal	O
and	O
increase	O
the	O
left	O
wing	O
leader	O
's	O
chances	O
in	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


Before	O
rushing	O
back	O
for	O
fresh	O
talks	O
with	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
this	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
,	O
Ben	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
acknowledged	O
that	O
an	O
agreement	O
probably	O
would	O
n't	O
happen	O
before	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
term	O
later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
and	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
supporters	O
are	O
castigating	O
Barak	B-PERSON
for	O
bringing	O
chaos	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
the	O
peace	O
deal	O
he	O
promised	O
.	O


A	O
campaign	O
message	O
for	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
``	O
Disappointed	O
with	O
Barak	B-PERSON
,	O
Barak	B-PERSON
promised	O
,	O
Barak	B-PERSON
disappointed	O
,	O
Barak	B-PERSON
must	O
be	O
replaced	O
''	O
.	O


Mey	B-PERSON
Shitreet	I-PERSON
,	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
's	O
campaign	O
manager	O
says	O
only	O
his	O
candidate	O
can	O
bring	O
real	O
peace	O
between	O
Israel	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
are	O
shooting	O
our	O
citizens	O
in	O
our	O
capital	O
after	O
they	O
sign	O
a	O
peace	O
agreement	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
situation	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
as	O
a	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
calm	O
down	O
the	O
situation	O
and	O
give	O
us	O
the	O
possibility	O
at	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
to	O
check	O
again	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
,	O
do	O
they	O
mean	O
peace	O
?	O


It	O
is	O
inconceivable	O
to	O
think	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
that	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
go	O
shooting	O
us	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
talking	O
to	O
them	O
about	O
peace	O
.	O


Sharon	B-PERSON
has	O
told	O
reporters	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
honor	O
any	O
deal	O
made	O
before	O
the	O
election	O
if	O
he	O
wins	O
,	O
and	O
declared	O
that	O
the	B-LAW
Oslo	I-LAW
Accord	I-LAW
is	O
an	O
agreement	O
that	O
no	O
longer	O
exists	O
,	O
giving	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
fighting	O
that	O
has	O
claimed	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
360	I-CARDINAL
lives	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
interview	O
today	B-DATE
with	O
an	O
Arabic	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
paper	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
Sharon	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
detailing	O
how	O
he	O
'd	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Sharon	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
envisions	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
phased	O
agreements	O
on	O
issues	O
like	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
refugees	O
'	O
right	O
to	O
return	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
says	O
that	O
progress	O
would	O
depend	O
upon	O
what	O
he	O
calls	O
`	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
's	O
behavior	O
'	O
.	O


Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
right	O
wing	O
plans	O
are	O
unrealistic	O
and	O
will	O
only	O
lead	O
to	O
conflict	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
difficult	O
problems	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
hard	O
to	O
solve	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
difference	O
between	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
and	O
us	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
dealing	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


When	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
speaks	O
about	O
his	O
version	O
of	O
peace	O
,	O
I	O
say	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
,	O
ask	O
yourselves	O
if	O
this	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
peace	O
has	O
a	O
partner	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
,	O
because	O
if	O
not	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
just	O
a	O
code	O
word	O
for	O
war	O
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
campaign	O
has	O
been	O
presenting	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
as	O
a	O
danger	O
to	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
security	O
.	O


Television	O
ads	O
have	O
portrayed	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
as	O
a	O
dangerous	O
extremist	O
.	O


Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
campaign	O
has	O
stressed	O
the	O
right	O
wing	O
leader	O
's	O
role	O
as	O
Minister	O
of	O
Defense	O
during	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
disastrous	O
war	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
.	O


Sharon	B-PERSON
though	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
presenting	O
himself	O
as	O
a	O
moderate	O
and	O
the	O
unifier	O
for	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


Immediately	O
after	O
the	O
elections	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
to	O
call	O
for	O
a	O
national	O
unity	O
government	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
even	O
that	O
should	O
bring	O
them	O
to	O
behave	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
nicer	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
one	O
here	O
that	O
have	O
broken	O
all	O
his	O
pledges	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
sorry	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
only	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
.	O


According	O
to	O
a	O
opinion	O
poll	O
most	O
Israelis	B-NORP
too	O
blame	O
their	O
current	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
for	O
the	O
ongoing	O
crisis	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Some	O
left	O
-	O
wingers	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
are	O
now	O
quietly	O
suggesting	O
that	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
better	O
for	O
Barak	B-PERSON
to	O
step	O
down	O
before	O
the	O
election	O
and	O
allow	O
the	O
veteran	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
to	O
stand	O
in	O
his	O
place	O
against	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
the	O
peace	O
agreement	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
difficult	O
for	O
any	O
left	O
winger	O
to	O
win	O
over	O
an	O
increasingly	O
skeptical	O
Israeli	B-NORP
public	O
.	O


For	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
this	O
is	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Myron	I-PERSON
in	O
Tel	B-GPE
Aviv	I-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
co-production	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
BBC	I-ORG
World	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
,	O
PRI	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
WGBH	B-ORG
in	O
Boston	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
am	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
Mullins	I-PERSON
.	O


A	O
plan	O
was	O
announced	O
today	B-DATE
to	O
raise	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
nuclear	O
submarine	O
`	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
'	O
,	O
next	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
,	O
almost	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
after	O
it	O
hit	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Barents	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
following	O
a	O
mysterious	O
accident	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Kursk	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
international	O
consortium	O
led	O
by	O
the	O
governments	O
of	O
Russia	B-GPE
and	O
The	B-GPE
Netherlands	I-GPE
says	O
it	O
can	O
do	O
the	O
job	O
safely	O
if	O
it	O
can	O
secure	O
the	O
funding	O
.	O


The	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
James	B-PERSON
Rogers	I-PERSON
was	O
in	O
Brussels	B-GPE
for	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
announcement	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
there	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
main	O
reasons	O
for	O
raising	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
.	O


Obviously	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
one	O
is	O
to	O
recover	O
the	O
bodies	O
that	O
remain	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
still	O
the	O
bodies	O
of	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
sailors	O
trapped	O
in	O
the	O
vessel	O
since	O
it	O
sank	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Barents	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
in	O
August	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
longer	O
-	O
term	O
threat	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
an	O
environmental	O
threat	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Kursk	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
says	O
that	O
the	O
nuclear	O
reactors	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
on	O
board	O
,	O
are	O
safe	O
for	O
the	O
time	O
being	O
but	O
that	O
the	O
corrosive	O
effects	O
of	O
seawater	O
could	O
in	O
time	O
lead	O
to	O
radioactive	O
leaks	O
into	O
the	O
ocean	O
,	O
which	O
obviously	O
could	O
have	O
devastating	O
consequences	O
on	O
the	O
fishery	O
and	O
the	O
environment	O
in	O
general	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
danger	O
of	O
leaving	O
it	O
down	O
there	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
think	O
there	O
are	O
risks	O
of	O
bringing	O
it	O
up	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
huge	O
submarine	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


The	O
size	O
of	O
these	O
things	O
is	O
really	O
very	O
surprising	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
these	O
Russian	B-NORP
nuclear	O
submarines	O
is	O
about	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
football	O
fields	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
lying	O
in	O
something	O
over	B-QUANTITY
300	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
of	O
water	O
,	O
so	O
if	O
you	O
can	O
just	O
visualize	O
it	O
being	O
turned	O
on	O
its	O
end	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
stick	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
sea	O
about	B-QUANTITY
200	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
huge	O
submarine	O
and	O
nobody	O
is	O
pretending	O
that	O
this	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
goes	O
ahead	O
,	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
easy	O
operation	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
any	O
number	O
of	O
complications	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
which	O
is	O
that	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
submarine	O
is	O
stuck	O
in	O
sand	O
and	O
clay	O
on	O
the	O
seabed	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
give	O
resistance	O
once	O
they	O
do	O
try	O
to	O
lift	O
it	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
problem	O
,	O
as	O
I	O
have	O
already	O
mentioned	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
nuclear	O
reactors	O
on	O
board	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
attach	O
any	O
lifting	O
gear	O
to	O
any	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
vessel	O
nearby	O
the	O
nuclear	O
reactors	O
for	O
fear	O
of	O
provoking	O
an	O
accident	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
extremely	O
difficult	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
heard	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
about	O
some	O
theories	O
on	O
how	O
the	O
submarine	O
could	O
be	O
raised	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
was	O
using	O
balloons	O
.	O


Is	O
that	O
what	O
the	O
foundation	O
itself	O
plans	O
on	O
doing	O
?	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
proposing	O
.	O


Their	O
rescue	O
attempt	O
involves	O
three	B-CARDINAL
vessels	O
essentially	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
is	O
a	O
diving	O
ship	O
with	O
two	B-CARDINAL
diving	O
bells	O
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
is	O
a	O
huge	O
platform	O
with	O
very	O
large	O
cranes	O
on	O
it	O
,	O
perhaps	O
a	O
platform	O
of	O
the	O
type	O
more	O
usually	O
used	O
for	O
oil	O
and	O
gas	O
exploration	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
vessel	O
involved	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
rescuers	O
describe	O
as	O
a	O
giant	O
offshore	O
barge	O
and	O
the	O
plan	O
is	O
to	O
lift	O
the	O
submarine	O
off	O
the	O
seabed	O
,	O
attach	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
underneath	O
of	O
this	O
barge	O
and	O
then	O
take	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
naval	O
port	O
of	O
Mamansk	B-GPE
.	O


How	O
much	O
is	O
it	O
going	O
to	O
cost	O
and	O
where	O
is	O
the	O
money	O
coming	O
from	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
problems	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
facing	O
so	O
far	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Kursk	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
today	B-DATE
were	O
mentioning	O
a	O
figure	O
of	O
70	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


They	O
have	O
already	O
presented	O
their	O
rescue	O
plans	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
.	O


They	O
are	O
hoping	O
to	O
get	O
some	O
funding	O
from	O
them	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
looking	O
for	O
worldwide	O
funding	O
because	O
as	O
they	O
see	O
it	O
,	O
the	O
potential	O
environmental	O
consequences	O
make	O
this	O
an	O
international	O
problem	O
requiring	O
an	O
international	O
solution	O
.	O


It	O
might	O
be	O
worth	O
reiterating	O
that	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
was	O
such	O
a	O
prestigious	O
submarine	O
and	O
really	O
held	O
a	O
high	O
position	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Russian	I-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
,	O
so	O
this	O
is	O
something	O
that	O
Russians	B-NORP
themselves	O
are	O
still	O
dealing	O
with	O
even	O
now	O
.	O


Very	O
much	O
so	O
because	O
obviously	O
we	O
have	O
read	O
a	O
lot	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
about	O
how	O
many	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
naval	O
fleet	O
is	O
essentially	O
rotting	O
and	O
is	O
poorly	O
maintained	O
.	O


The	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
certainly	O
was	O
n't	O
part	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
only	O
launched	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
and	O
to	O
a	O
great	O
extent	O
was	O
the	O
pride	O
of	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
submarine	O
fleet	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
great	O
sense	O
of	O
shock	O
when	O
this	O
went	O
down	O
.	O


for	O
men	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Russian	I-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
it	O
was	O
a	O
great	O
source	O
of	O
pride	O
to	O
serve	O
in	O
the	O
submarine	O
fleet	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
of	O
course	O
you	O
have	O
the	O
feelings	O
of	O
the	O
relatives	O
to	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
still	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
bodies	O
which	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
recovered	O
,	O
so	O
at	O
least	O
raising	O
the	O
vessel	O
and	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
return	O
the	O
bodies	O
of	O
the	O
dead	O
sailors	O
to	O
their	O
loved	O
ones	O
might	O
go	O
some	O
small	O
way	O
towards	O
redressing	O
their	O
grief	O
.	O


The	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
James	B-PERSON
Rogers	I-PERSON
speaking	O
to	O
us	O
from	O
Brussels	B-GPE
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
the	O
update	O
James	B-PERSON
.	O


Thanks	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


My	O
pleasure	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
for	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
.	O


Tentative	O
peace	O
talks	O
have	O
resumed	O
between	O
Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Negotiations	O
were	O
suspended	O
yesterday	B-DATE
after	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settler	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


Hillary	B-PERSON
Anderson	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Peace	O
talks	O
are	O
back	O
on	O
track	O
after	O
a	O
tense	O
period	O
following	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settler	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
on	O
Sunday	B-DATE
.	O


A	O
top	O
team	O
of	O
political	O
negotiators	O
have	O
met	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
officials	O
say	O
no	O
real	O
progress	O
was	O
made	O
.	O


The	O
negotiators	O
are	O
looking	O
at	O
how	O
to	O
restore	O
lost	O
ground	O
.	O


Gaza	B-GPE
was	O
sealed	O
off	O
after	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
the	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settler	O
,	O
reversing	O
the	O
limited	O
successes	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
peace	O
talks	O
.	O


If	O
security	O
co-operation	O
is	O
not	O
reestablished	O
quickly	O
now	O
the	O
talks	O
could	O
well	O
collapse	O
.	O


The	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
are	O
angry	O
at	O
what	O
they	O
call	O
the	O
heavy	O
-	O
handed	O
Israeli	B-NORP
response	O
to	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
a	O
settler	O
.	O


Hillary	B-PERSON
Anderson	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-EVENT
Gulf	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
began	O
10	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
tonight	B-TIME
and	O
ended	O
6	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
later	O
with	O
a	O
decisive	O
US	B-GPE
victory	O
over	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
little	O
has	O
changed	O
since	O
then	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
nations	O
are	O
still	O
bitter	O
enemies	O
.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
continues	O
to	O
insist	O
that	O
UN	B-ORG
sanctions	O
remain	O
against	O
Iraq	B-GPE
until	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
completely	O
dismantles	O
its	O
programs	O
of	O
weapons	O
of	O
mass	O
destruction	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
exception	O
to	O
the	O
trade	O
embargo	O
is	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Oil	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Food	I-ORG
Program	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
President	O
Saddam	B-GPE
Hussein	I-GPE
grudgingly	O
accepted	O
5	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


That	O
program	O
has	O
helped	O
provide	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
with	O
basic	O
foods	O
and	O
stabilize	O
the	O
economy	O
somewhat	O
,	O
but	O
Iraq	B-GPE
complains	O
that	O
the	O
program	O
is	O
inadequate	O
.	O


Under	O
it	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
has	O
sold	O
40	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
worth	O
of	O
oil	O
and	O
has	O
received	O
only	O
10	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
worth	O
of	O
goods	O
.	O


The	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
money	O
,	O
30	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
has	O
gone	O
to	O
pay	O
war	O
reparations	O
,	O
assist	O
the	O
Kurds	B-NORP
in	O
northern	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
pay	O
for	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
operation	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
Oil	O
Minister	O
,	O
Omar	B-PERSON
Mohammed	I-PERSON
Rashid	I-PERSON
called	O
for	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Oil	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Food	I-ORG
Program	I-ORG
.	O


You	O
can	O
not	O
run	O
a	O
country	O
with	O
23	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
with	O
revenues	O
of	O
16	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
to	O
20	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


You	O
run	O
it	O
from	O
a	O
security	O
council	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
totally	O
impossible	O
,	O
even	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
good	O
faith	O
.	O


So	O
just	O
imagine	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
bad	O
faith	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
there	O
is	O
absolutely	O
no	O
hope	O
for	O
this	O
program	O
to	O
succeed	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
other	O
signs	O
today	O
that	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
leaders	O
have	O
few	O
regrets	O
over	O
the	O
action	O
that	O
precipitated	O
the	B-EVENT
Gulf	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
.	O


Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
Deputy	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
defended	O
the	O
1990	B-DATE
invasion	O
of	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
and	O
claimed	O
that	O
his	O
country	O
was	O
the	O
victim	O
of	O
a	O
conspiracy	O
,	O
and	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
eldest	O
son	O
Uday	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Parliament	B-ORG
,	O
proposed	O
that	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
should	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
map	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Peace	O
talks	O
between	O
Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
have	O
resumed	O
in	O
the	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
resort	O
of	O
Taba	B-GPE
,	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
government	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
suspended	O
them	O
following	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Israelis	B-NORP
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
,	O
but	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
has	O
given	O
up	O
hope	O
for	O
a	O
peace	O
deal	O
before	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
elections	O
and	O
there	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
no	O
end	O
to	O
the	O
violence	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


Hillary	B-PERSON
Anderson	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


Once	O
again	O
the	O
Taba	B-GPE
peace	O
talks	O
are	O
on	O
after	O
a	O
lull	O
following	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
citizens	O
earlier	B-DATE
in	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
violence	O
has	O
n't	O
stopped	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
have	O
died	O
after	O
being	O
shot	O
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
and	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
guarantees	O
that	O
the	O
talks	O
wo	O
n't	O
collapse	O
again	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
has	O
said	O
he	O
sees	O
no	O
chance	O
of	O
a	O
deal	O
before	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
elections	O
on	O
February	B-DATE
6th	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
officially	O
stated	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
positions	O
on	O
two	B-CARDINAL
major	O
issues	O
,	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
fate	O
of	O
millions	O
of	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
refugees	O
,	O
are	O
still	O
almost	O
diametrically	O
opposed	O
.	O


Hillary	B-PERSON
Anderson	I-PERSON
,	O
BBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Want	O
another	O
advantage	O
of	O
hydrogen	O
over	O
oil	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
when	O
is	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
you	O
heard	O
of	O
a	O
hydrogen	O
spill	O
threatening	O
a	O
sensitive	O
ecosystem	O
?	O


Today	B-DATE
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
after	O
a	O
tanker	O
spilled	O
a	B-QUANTITY
180	I-QUANTITY
thousand	I-QUANTITY
gallons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
oil	O
near	O
the	B-LOC
Galapagos	I-LOC
Islands	I-LOC
,	O
experts	O
are	O
warning	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
take	O
several	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
to	O
drag	O
the	O
ship	O
away	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
tanker	O
's	O
captain	O
now	O
faces	O
charges	O
that	O
could	O
land	O
him	O
up	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
prison	O
.	O


The	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
Tim	B-PERSON
Hersh	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
Ecuadorian	B-NORP
Islands	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
captain	O
of	O
the	O
Jessica	B-PRODUCT
Tokinio	B-PERSON
Arivalo	I-PERSON
is	O
being	O
held	O
at	O
the	O
Port	B-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
building	O
on	O
San	B-LOC
Kristobal	I-LOC
which	O
looks	O
directly	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
stricken	O
tanker	O
still	O
stranded	O
on	O
a	O
reef	O
after	O
running	O
aground	O
nine	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Arivala	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
had	O
mistaken	O
a	O
channel	O
marker	O
at	O
the	O
entrance	O
to	O
the	O
harbor	O
for	O
a	O
lighthouse	O
.	O


He	O
spoke	O
of	O
his	O
horror	O
as	O
the	O
vessel	O
ran	O
aground	O
and	O
he	O
realized	O
his	O
mistake	O
.	O


In	O
that	O
moment	O
I	O
felt	O
like	O
it	O
was	O
right	O
up	O
to	O
me	O
to	O
die	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
now	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
time	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
nine	B-DATE
nights	I-DATE
,	O
nine	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
not	O
eating	O
nor	O
sleeping	O
.	O


I	O
feel	O
sick	O
because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
feel	O
guilty	O
for	O
that	O
.	O


Formal	O
proceedings	O
are	O
now	O
underway	O
to	O
prosecute	O
Mr.	O
Arivalo	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
owners	O
of	O
the	O
Jessica	B-PRODUCT
.	O


An	O
official	O
from	O
the	O
Ecuadorian	B-NORP
prosecuting	O
authorities	O
Alfrado	B-PERSON
Alvea	I-PERSON
arrived	O
on	O
the	O
island	O
to	O
announce	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
legal	O
action	O
.	O


The	O
owners	O
of	O
the	O
boat	O
,	O
the	O
captain	O
,	O
the	O
crew	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
send	O
you	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
persons	O
who	O
've	O
made	O
that	O
damage	O
,	O
up	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
the	O
jail	O
and	O
pay	O
all	O
the	O
damage	O
they	O
have	O
cost	O
.	O


Out	O
in	O
the	O
harbor	O
preparations	O
are	O
being	O
made	O
to	O
attach	O
cables	O
to	O
the	O
tanker	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
floated	O
and	O
towed	O
out	O
to	O
sea	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
's	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
sunk	O
.	O


Edwin	B-PERSON
Stanton	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
States	I-ORG
Coastguard	I-ORG
says	O
the	O
rough	O
sea	O
conditions	O
have	O
helped	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
environmental	O
damage	O
from	O
the	O
oil	O
spill	O
.	O


Paradoxically	O
,	O
the	O
surf	O
that	O
's	O
washing	O
over	O
the	O
boat	O
and	O
causing	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
vessel	O
has	O
been	O
mixing	O
the	O
diesel	O
with	O
the	O
heavy	O
oil	O
and	O
allowing	O
both	O
to	O
evaporate	O
and	O
mix	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
very	O
well	O
,	O
so	O
Mother	B-PERSON
Nature	I-PERSON
give	O
us	O
and	O
Mother	B-PERSON
Nature	I-PERSON
take	O
it	O
away	O
.	O


No	O
major	O
oil	O
concentrations	O
have	O
been	O
sighted	O
recently	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
6	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
northwest	O
of	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
the	O
vessel	O
,	O
so	O
much	O
of	O
it	O
is	O
naturally	O
dissipating	O
and	O
evaporating	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
very	O
lucky	O
in	O
that	O
,	O
but	O
conservation	O
scientists	O
are	O
still	O
very	O
concerned	O
about	O
small	O
amounts	O
of	O
oil	O
which	O
have	O
washed	O
up	O
on	O
beaches	O
up	B-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
80	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
away	O
,	O
possibly	O
threatening	O
creatures	O
,	O
including	O
Galapagos	B-LOC
'	O
sea	O
turtles	O
.	O


Ecological	O
disaster	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
averted	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
wildlife	O
is	O
not	O
completely	O
safe	O
yet	O
.	O


The	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
Tim	B-PERSON
Hersh	I-PERSON
reporting	O
from	O
the	B-LOC
Galapagos	I-LOC
Island	I-LOC
of	I-LOC
San	I-LOC
Kristobal	I-LOC
.	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Coller	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Clashes	O
between	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
security	O
forces	O
swept	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
again	O
Sunday	B-DATE
in	O
a	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
straight	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
deadly	O
confrontations	O
.	O


Among	O
the	O
27	B-CARDINAL
fatalities	O
were	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Arab	O
border	O
guard	O
and	O
a	O
10	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Palestinian	B-NORP
boy	O
.	O


The	O
clashes	O
spread	O
from	O
East	B-GPE
Jerusalem	I-GPE
to	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
and	O
Arab	B-NORP
villages	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
said	O
the	O
border	O
guard	O
died	O
in	O
a	O
clash	O
with	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
rioters	O
at	O
Joseph	B-FAC
's	I-FAC
Tomb	I-FAC
,	O
a	O
fortified	O
Jewish	B-NORP
pilgrimage	O
site	O
in	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
-	O
controlled	O
Nablus	B-GPE
.	O


Spanish	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Jose	B-PERSON
Maria	I-PERSON
Aznar	I-PERSON
has	O
offered	O
to	O
mediate	O
the	O
latest	O
violence	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


He	O
spoke	O
by	O
telephone	O
Sunday	B-DATE
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
urged	O
Congress	B-ORG
Monday	B-DATE
to	O
approve	O
435	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
to	O
cut	O
the	O
debt	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
poorest	O
countries	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
money	O
is	O
easily	O
within	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
ability	O
to	O
pay	O
.	O


Now	O
let	O
me	O
remind	O
you	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
talking	O
here	O
about	B-CARDINAL
15,000	I-CARDINAL
of	O
our	O
budget	O
,	O
to	O
lift	O
the	O
burden	O
of	O
debt	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
to	O
come	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
giving	O
as	B-CARDINAL
many	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
33	I-CARDINAL
nations	O
a	O
chance	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
beginning	O
and	O
about	O
doing	O
good	O
works	O
that	O
our	O
different	O
faiths	O
demand	O
of	O
us	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
was	O
joined	O
by	O
several	O
key	O
republican	O
leaders	O
.	O


Congress	B-ORG
has	O
so	O
far	O
failed	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
full	O
amount	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
has	O
sought	O
.	O


The	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Refugee	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
Sadaqal	B-PERSON
O'Gatta	I-PERSON
has	O
warned	O
that	O
the	O
agency	O
will	O
become	O
critically	O
weakened	O
unless	O
it	O
receives	O
increased	O
funding	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
time	O
now	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
professional	O
soccer	O
and	O
rugby	O
and	O
how	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
a	O
player	O
's	O
health	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
according	O
to	O
two	B-CARDINAL
British	B-NORP
medical	O
studies	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
hear	O
now	O
from	O
VOA	B-ORG
's	O
David	B-PERSON
McClary	I-PERSON
,	O
lifetime	O
injuries	O
are	O
common	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
rugby	O
,	O
increasing	O
.	O


A	O
study	O
of	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
300	I-CARDINAL
former	O
British	B-NORP
professional	O
soccer	O
players	O
finds	O
that	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
have	O
suffered	O
the	O
chronic	O
joint	O
disease	O
"	O
osteoarthritis	O
"	O
often	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
age	B-DATE
40	I-DATE
.	O


Most	O
have	O
the	O
disease	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
or	O
more	O
joints	O
.	O


Nearly	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
surveyed	O
had	O
surgery	O
at	O
least	O
once	O
since	O
retiring	O
,	O
mostly	O
on	O
knees	O
with	O
knee	O
replacement	O
a	O
common	O
option	O
.	O


The	O
Coventry	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
researchers	O
who	O
report	O
the	O
findings	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
British	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Sports	I-ORG
Medicine	I-ORG
say	O
anxiety	O
and	O
depression	O
are	O
common	O
among	O
those	O
so	O
injured	O
,	O
possibly	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
pain	O
and	O
impaired	O
mobility	O
.	O


A	O
second	B-ORDINAL
study	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
journal	O
finds	O
that	O
injuries	O
among	O
Rugby	B-ORG
Union	I-ORG
players	O
have	O
nearly	O
doubled	O
since	O
the	O
sport	O
became	O
professional	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
from	O
27	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
47	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
Scottish	B-NORP
researchers	O
say	O
one	B-CARDINAL
possible	O
explanation	O
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
padded	O
equipment	O
.	O


They	O
suggest	O
it	O
gives	O
a	O
false	O
sense	O
of	O
security	O
causing	O
more	O
aggressive	O
play	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
McClary	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Monday	B-DATE
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
began	O
using	O
helicopter	O
gun	O
ships	O
against	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
who	O
were	O
armed	O
with	O
stones	O
and	O
automatic	O
weapons	O
.	O


The	O
fighting	O
also	O
spread	O
to	O
Arab	B-NORP
villages	O
inside	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
is	O
holding	O
a	O
closed	O
door	O
meeting	O
on	O
the	O
clashes	O
that	O
began	O
last	B-DATE
Thursday	I-DATE
after	O
Israeli	B-NORP
opposition	O
leader	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
made	O
a	O
controversial	O
visit	O
to	O
a	O
site	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Jerusalem	I-GPE
sacred	O
to	O
both	O
Muslims	B-NORP
and	O
Jews	B-NORP
.	O


Serbia	B-GPE
remains	O
tense	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
a	O
massive	O
civil	O
disobedience	O
campaign	O
begun	O
Monday	O
to	O
force	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
to	O
concede	O
election	O
defeat	O
.	O


In	O
nearly	O
every	O
Serbian	B-NORP
city	O
protestors	O
marched	O
in	O
the	O
streets	O
demanding	O
Mr.	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
recognize	O
opposition	O
candidate	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
as	O
the	O
outright	O
winner	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
presidential	O
election	O
.	O


Banks	B-PERSON
,	O
coal	O
mines	O
and	O
other	O
institutions	O
shut	O
down	O
as	O
workers	O
protested	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
runoff	O
election	O
scheduled	O
for	O
this	B-DATE
Sunday	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
accuses	O
his	O
opponents	O
of	O
using	O
blackmail	O
and	O
bribery	O
to	O
organize	O
the	O
work	O
stoppages	O
that	O
have	O
brought	O
much	O
of	O
Serbia	B-GPE
to	O
a	O
standstill	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
news	O
conference	O
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
President	O
said	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
would	O
face	O
foreign	O
occupation	O
if	O
Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
came	O
to	O
power	O
.	O


The	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
administration	O
is	O
clear	O
on	O
its	O
view	O
on	O
the	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
move	O
.	O


White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
spokesman	O
Jake	B-PERSON
Sewart	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
belongs	O
out	O
of	O
power	O
,	O
out	O
of	O
Serbia	B-GPE
and	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Tribunal	I-ORG
.	O


We	O
will	O
do	O
everything	O
we	O
can	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
he	O
makes	O
his	O
court	O
date	O
there	O
.	O


Judges	O
at	O
the	O
Flight	O
103	B-CARDINAL
Lockerbie	B-GPE
trial	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
rule	O
Thursday	B-DATE
if	O
a	O
diary	O
belonging	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
accused	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
evidence	O
.	O


The	O
defendant	O
's	O
diary	O
was	O
discovered	O
by	O
Scottish	B-NORP
police	O
during	O
an	O
investigation	O
in	O
Malta	B-GPE
in	O
April	B-DATE
1991	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
defense	O
claims	O
that	O
police	O
search	O
was	O
illegal	O
and	O
therefore	O
the	O
diary	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
admitted	O
as	O
evidence	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Coller	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
have	O
made	O
progress	O
to	O
end	O
weeklong	O
violence	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
Paris	B-GPE
talks	O
mediated	O
by	O
US	B-GPE
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Madeleine	B-PERSON
Albright	I-PERSON
Wednesday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
agreed	O
to	O
improve	O
security	O
arrangements	O
in	O
areas	O
engulfed	O
by	O
the	O
violence	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
all	O
three	B-CARDINAL
met	O
with	O
French	B-NORP
President	O
Jacques	B-PERSON
Chirac	I-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Chirac	B-PERSON
said	O
an	O
important	O
step	O
had	O
been	O
taken	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
calm	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Albright	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leaders	O
are	O
due	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
for	O
talks	O
with	O
President	O
Hosni	B-PERSON
Mubarak	I-PERSON
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Dave	B-PERSON
Deforest	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
Serbs	B-NORP
have	O
taken	O
to	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
towns	O
and	O
cities	O
throughout	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
to	O
celebrate	O
as	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
prepares	O
to	O
take	O
office	O
.	O


Outgoing	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
congratulated	O
Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
in	O
a	O
Friday	B-DATE
television	O
appearance	O
.	O


We	O
get	O
the	O
latest	O
from	O
VOA	B-ORG
correspondent	O
Eve	B-PERSON
Cornette	I-PERSON
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
appeared	O
on	O
Serbian	B-NORP
television	O
to	O
announce	O
he	O
had	O
just	O
received	O
official	O
information	O
recognizing	O
the	O
electoral	O
victory	O
of	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
said	O
I	O
believe	O
this	O
decision	O
must	O
be	O
respected	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
describes	O
the	O
opposition	O
leader	O
as	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
said	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
ignore	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
vote	O
for	O
him	O
in	O
election	O
of	O
September	B-DATE
24th	I-DATE
and	O
would	O
therefore	O
lead	O
his	O
forces	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
strong	O
opposition	O
party	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
said	O
would	O
win	O
convincingly	O
in	O
the	O
next	O
round	O
of	O
elections	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
met	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
and	O
described	O
the	O
talks	O
as	O
positive	O
because	O
he	O
said	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
concern	O
over	O
the	O
peaceful	O
transfer	O
of	O
power	O
.	O


Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
Army	B-ORG
Chief	O
congratulated	O
Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
on	O
his	O
victory	O
and	O
assured	O
television	O
viewers	O
the	O
armed	O
forces	O
would	O
support	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
new	O
leader	O
.	O


Eve	B-PERSON
Cornette	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
called	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
popular	O
uprising	O
against	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
as	O
an	O
extraordinary	O
victory	O
for	O
the	O
Serbian	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
there	O
have	O
done	O
an	O
astonishing	O
thing	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
just	O
as	O
big	O
a	O
blow	O
for	O
freedom	O
as	O
we	O
saw	O
when	O
the	B-FAC
Berlin	I-FAC
Wall	I-FAC
was	O
torn	O
down	O
and	O
when	O
Lech	B-PERSON
Walensa	I-PERSON
led	O
the	O
shipyard	O
workers	O
in	O
Poland	B-ORG
,	O
when	O
the	O
transformations	O
occurred	O
in	O
all	O
these	O
other	O
former	O
communist	O
countries	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
reverses	O
a	O
ten	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
effort	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
an	B-DATE
extraordinary	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
pledged	O
Friday	B-DATE
that	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
its	O
allies	O
would	O
work	O
together	O
to	O
lift	O
sanctions	O
to	O
bring	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
out	O
of	O
isolation	O
.	O


The	O
European	B-NORP
community	O
wants	O
to	O
lift	O
sanctions	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
hopes	O
his	O
talks	O
with	O
the	O
top	O
North	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
envoy	O
here	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
will	O
help	O
promote	O
reconciliation	O
with	O
Pyong	B-GPE
Yang	I-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
also	O
wants	O
to	O
,	O
in	O
his	O
words	O
,	O
explore	O
the	O
possibilities	O
during	O
the	O
meeting	O
with	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Jo	B-PERSON
Myong	I-PERSON
Rok	I-PERSON
.	O


Speaking	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
,	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
President	O
said	O
he	O
is	O
encouraged	O
by	O
the	O
work	O
done	O
by	O
South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
President	O
Kim	B-PERSON
Dae	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jung	I-PERSON
and	O
North	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
leader	O
Kim	B-PERSON
Jong	I-PERSON
Il	I-PERSON
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Dave	B-PERSON
Deforest	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Welcome	O
to	O
another	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
of	O
news	O
and	O
information	O
on	O
The	B-ORG
Voice	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
.	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Chadwick	I-PERSON
with	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Now	I-ORG
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
criticizing	O
a	O
proposal	O
to	O
open	O
up	O
food	O
and	O
medicine	O
sales	O
to	O
Cuba	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
toughen	O
restrictions	O
on	O
travel	O
there	O
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
's	O
David	B-PERSON
Swan	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Representatives	I-ORG
is	O
expected	O
to	O
vote	O
on	O
the	O
measure	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
will	O
withhold	O
final	O
judgment	O
until	O
he	O
sees	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
plan	O
,	O
which	O
Members	O
of	O
Congress	B-ORG
hammered	O
out	O
Thursday	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
,	O
but	O
he	O
tells	O
reporters	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
deal	O
was	O
what	O
it	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
,	O
the	O
lawmakers	O
made	O
a	O
big	O
mistake	O
.	O


It	O
looks	O
like	O
it	O
eases	O
the	O
embargo	O
on	O
food	O
and	O
medicine	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
probably	O
does	O
n't	O
very	O
much	O
because	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
provide	O
any	O
financing	O
credits	O
,	O
which	O
we	O
give	O
to	O
other	O
poor	O
countries	O
,	O
whereas	O
it	O
definitely	O
restricts	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
executive	O
branch	O
to	O
increase	O
people	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
people	O
contacts	O
between	O
Americans	B-NORP
and	O
Cubans	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
agreement	O
which	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
larger	O
foreign	O
bill	O
,	O
came	O
after	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
political	O
warfare	O
and	O
bargaining	O
over	O
the	O
always	O
sensitive	O
subject	O
of	O
Cuba	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
measure	O
would	O
allow	O
American	B-NORP
food	O
and	O
medicine	O
to	O
be	O
sold	O
there	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
close	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
40	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
also	O
applies	O
to	O
four	B-CARDINAL
other	O
nations	O
where	O
trade	O
has	O
been	O
restricted	O
,	O
Iran	B-GPE
,	O
Sudan	B-GPE
,	O
Libya	B-GPE
and	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
but	O
Cuban	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
House	B-ORG
Members	O
who	O
fiercely	O
oppose	O
anything	O
that	O
might	O
ease	O
pressure	O
on	O
President	O
Castro	B-PERSON
demanded	O
concessions	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
as	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
noted	O
,	O
the	O
plan	O
bars	O
American	B-NORP
banks	O
from	O
financing	O
the	O
food	O
sales	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
Havana	B-GPE
would	O
have	O
to	O
pay	O
cash	O
or	O
obtain	O
credits	O
from	O
third	B-ORDINAL
countries	O
.	O


Another	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
legislation	O
would	O
tighten	O
restrictions	O
on	O
American	B-NORP
travel	O
to	O
Cuba	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Castro	B-PERSON
government	O
has	O
already	O
rejected	O
the	O
deal	O
,	O
saying	O
it	O
will	O
not	O
buy	O
anything	O
under	O
these	O
terms	O
.	O


In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
proposal	O
supporters	O
call	O
it	O
an	O
opening	O
to	O
Cuba	B-GPE
and	O
an	O
important	O
shift	O
in	O
policy	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
leading	O
farm	O
group	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Farm	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
Federation	I-ORG
describes	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
positive	O
first	B-ORDINAL
step	O
and	O
much	O
better	O
than	O
current	O
law	O
.	O


It	O
appears	O
Congress	B-ORG
is	O
not	O
prepared	O
to	O
take	O
any	O
bigger	O
steps	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
this	O
year	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Swan	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Capitol	B-LOC
Hill	I-LOC
.	O


Well	O
Dave	B-PERSON
,	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
Serbs	B-NORP
have	O
taken	O
to	O
the	O
streets	O
and	O
towns	O
and	O
cities	O
throughout	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
to	O
celebrate	O
as	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
prepares	O
to	O
take	O
office	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
,	O
could	O
be	O
sworn	O
in	O
rather	O
,	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
called	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
popular	O
uprising	O
against	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
an	O
extraordinary	O
victory	O
for	O
the	O
Serbian	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


He	O
pledged	O
Friday	B-DATE
that	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
its	O
allies	O
would	O
work	O
together	O
to	O
lift	O
sanctions	O
to	O
bring	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
out	O
of	O
isolation	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
wants	O
to	O
lift	O
sanctions	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


Most	O
world	O
leaders	O
have	O
welcomed	O
the	O
ouster	O
of	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
police	O
have	O
reclaimed	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Al	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Aqsa	I-FAC
Mosque	I-FAC
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Police	O
officers	O
tore	O
down	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
flags	O
and	O
arrested	O
rock	O
throwing	O
protestors	O
.	O


About	B-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
in	O
gun	O
battles	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
during	O
Friday	B-DATE
's	O
day	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
rage	I-DATE
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
says	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Democratic	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Congo	I-GPE
are	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
starvation	O
.	O


A	O
World	B-ORG
Food	I-ORG
Program	I-ORG
spokeswoman	O
says	O
if	O
action	O
is	O
not	O
taken	O
quickly	O
,	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
will	O
die	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
hopes	O
his	O
talks	O
with	O
the	O
top	O
North	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
envoy	O
here	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
will	O
help	O
promote	O
reconciliation	O
with	O
Pyongyang	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
,	O
in	O
his	O
words	O
,	O
explore	O
the	O
possibilities	O
during	O
the	O
meeting	O
with	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Jo	B-PERSON
Myong	I-PERSON
Rok	I-PERSON
.	O


Ecuador	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
is	O
showing	O
strong	O
improvement	O
.	O


Ecuador	B-GPE
's	O
Central	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
reports	O
a	O
healthy	O
economic	O
recovery	O
with	O
growth	O
in	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
trimester	O
of	O
2.4	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
.	O


This	O
follows	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
bold	O
move	O
to	O
dollarize	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
's	O
Greg	B-PERSON
Flankis	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Quito	B-GPE
,	O
while	O
the	O
plan	O
is	O
working	O
,	O
economists	O
still	O
see	O
some	O
problems	O
ahead	O
.	O


Driving	O
through	O
the	O
narrow	O
streets	O
of	O
downtown	O
Quito	B-GPE
,	O
taxi	O
driver	O
Abdun	B-PERSON
Mesios	I-PERSON
has	O
nothing	O
but	O
praise	O
for	O
the	O
dollarization	O
of	O
his	O
country	O
's	O
economy	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
things	O
are	O
more	O
stable	O
now	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
transition	O
from	O
the	O
former	O
currency	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
sucre	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
difficult	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
that	O
people	O
who	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
public	O
are	O
having	O
to	O
make	O
change	O
everyday	O
and	O
so	O
they	O
learned	O
fast	O
how	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
money	O
from	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


When	O
the	O
six	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
transition	O
ended	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
and	O
all	O
transactions	O
in	O
Ecuador	B-GPE
moved	O
to	O
the	O
dollar	O
system	O
,	O
many	O
merchants	O
found	O
they	O
were	O
short	O
of	O
change	O
.	O


Jacqueline	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
works	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
shop	O
near	O
Quito	B-GPE
's	O
cathedral	O
,	O
says	O
lack	O
of	O
coins	O
is	O
the	O
biggest	O
problem	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
it	O
happens	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
and	O
that	O
she	O
loses	O
money	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
enough	O
coins	O
to	O
make	O
change	O
.	O


The	O
Ecuadorian	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
minted	O
coins	O
that	O
resemble	O
US	B-GPE
coins	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
provide	O
more	O
small	O
change	O
for	O
merchants	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
taken	O
some	O
time	O
to	O
reach	O
all	O
areas	O
,	O
in	O
small	O
rural	O
communities	O
in	O
the	O
countryside	O
,	O
because	O
not	O
enough	O
dollars	O
have	O
made	O
it	O
into	O
circulation	O
there	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
government	O
and	O
President	O
Gustavo	B-PERSON
Nobora	I-PERSON
considers	O
these	O
to	O
be	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
problems	O
and	O
views	O
the	O
overall	O
policy	O
as	O
a	O
grand	O
success	O
.	O


Most	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
financial	O
community	O
agree	O
.	O


Economist	O
Maria	B-PERSON
Delapasvela	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
works	O
with	O
the	O
magazine	O
Rabista	B-ORG
Hastion	I-ORG
says	O
adopting	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
dollar	O
has	O
put	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
Ecuador	B-GPE
's	O
crisis	O
atmosphere	O
characterized	O
by	O
runs	O
on	O
banks	O
and	O
other	O
disruptions	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
the	O
immediate	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
dollarization	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
stabilization	O
of	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
1998	B-DATE
and	O
1999	B-DATE
were	O
years	B-DATE
in	O
which	O
Ecuador	B-GPE
suffered	O
the	O
worst	O
economic	O
crisis	O
in	O
its	O
history	O
.	O


During	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
she	O
notes	O
,	O
the	O
sucre	O
went	O
from	O
just	B-CARDINAL
over	I-CARDINAL
6,000	I-CARDINAL
to	O
the	O
dollar	O
to	O
almost	B-CARDINAL
25,000	I-CARDINAL
to	O
the	O
dollar	O
.	O


Maria	B-PERSON
Delapasvela	I-PERSON
says	O
conducting	O
business	O
in	O
Ecuador	B-GPE
had	O
become	O
a	O
real	O
challenge	O
as	O
factory	O
and	O
storeowners	O
needed	O
to	O
keep	O
an	O
eye	O
on	O
currency	O
fluctuation	O
almost	O
on	O
an	O
hourly	B-TIME
basis	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
plan	O
their	O
purchases	O
and	O
sales	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
inflation	O
is	O
now	O
on	O
the	O
decline	O
and	O
bank	O
deposits	O
are	O
increasing	O
.	O


The	O
transition	O
to	O
dollars	O
was	O
eased	O
somewhat	O
by	O
a	O
sharp	O
increase	O
in	O
oil	O
prices	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
oil	O
-	O
producing	O
Ecuador	B-GPE
to	O
buy	O
plenty	O
of	O
dollars	O
on	O
the	O
international	O
market	O
,	O
but	O
Maria	B-PERSON
Delapasvela	I-PERSON
says	O
now	O
is	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
start	O
thinking	O
about	O
what	O
happens	O
when	O
the	O
situation	O
changes	O
.	O


She	O
asks	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
when	O
oil	O
prices	O
go	O
back	O
down	O
and	O
the	O
country	O
can	O
no	O
longer	O
bring	O
in	O
sufficient	O
dollars	O
to	O
sustain	O
its	O
economy	O
.	O


The	O
Ecuadorian	B-NORP
economist	O
says	O
now	O
is	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
implement	O
fiscal	O
reforms	O
and	O
to	O
stimulate	O
competitiveness	O
and	O
diversification	O
in	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
the	O
Nobora	B-PERSON
government	O
is	O
rightfully	O
proud	O
of	O
the	O
immediate	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
effects	O
of	O
its	O
dollarization	O
policy	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
it	O
needs	O
to	O
concentrate	O
on	O
the	O
medium	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
outlook	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
,	O
unless	O
the	O
government	O
develops	O
a	O
plan	O
soon	O
to	O
address	O
Ecuador	B-GPE
's	O
fundamental	O
structural	O
problems	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
dollar	O
as	O
a	O
medium	O
of	O
exchange	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
enough	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
economy	O
healthy	O
.	O


The	O
experiment	O
in	O
Ecuador	B-GPE
is	O
being	O
watched	O
closely	O
not	O
only	O
by	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
receives	O
a	O
certain	O
benefit	O
from	O
the	O
increased	O
demand	O
for	O
dollars	O
,	O
but	O
by	O
other	O
nations	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
.	O


The	O
concept	O
of	O
dollarization	O
has	O
been	O
discussed	O
from	O
Argentina	B-GPE
to	O
Mexico	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Some	O
US	B-GPE
economists	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
had	O
viewed	O
Ecuador	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
poor	O
place	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
idea	O
since	O
its	O
economy	O
is	O
still	O
burdened	O
by	O
heavy	O
external	O
debt	O
and	O
its	O
export	O
sector	O
is	O
relatively	O
undeveloped	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
observer	O
puts	O
it	O
,	O
officials	O
in	O
some	O
nations	O
may	O
conclude	O
that	O
if	O
dollarization	O
can	O
work	O
here	O
in	O
Ecuador	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
can	O
work	O
anywhere	O
.	O


Greg	B-PERSON
Flykus	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Quito	B-GPE
,	O
Ecuador	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
popular	O
uprising	O
helped	O
bring	O
him	O
to	O
the	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
presidency	O
just	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
now	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
faces	O
the	O
daunting	O
challenge	O
of	O
solidifying	O
power	O
and	O
ending	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
economic	O
isolation	O
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
correspondent	O
Eve	B-PERSON
Cornard	I-PERSON
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
reports	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
is	O
expected	O
to	O
announce	O
later	B-TIME
today	I-TIME
an	O
easing	O
of	O
sanctions	O
against	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
now	O
the	O
former	O
leader	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
is	O
out	O
of	O
office	O
.	O


Yugoslavia	B-GPE
is	O
awaiting	O
word	O
that	O
sanctions	O
that	O
have	O
strangled	O
its	O
economy	O
might	O
be	O
partially	O
lifted	O
.	O


European	B-ORG
Union	I-ORG
officials	O
say	O
a	O
further	O
lifting	O
of	O
sanctions	O
is	O
likely	O
once	O
Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
has	O
a	O
firm	O
grip	O
on	O
power	O
,	O
but	O
ousted	O
leader	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
plans	O
to	O
remain	O
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
opposition	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
says	O
he	O
has	O
no	O
plans	O
to	O
bow	O
to	O
Western	B-LOC
pressure	O
to	O
extradite	O
the	O
former	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
leader	O
.	O


Another	O
test	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
's	O
political	O
clout	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
meeting	O
of	O
Serbia	B-GPE
's	O
powerful	O
parliament	O
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
where	O
supporters	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
are	O
expected	O
to	O
push	O
for	O
new	O
election	O
.	O


The	O
process	O
of	O
purging	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
supporters	O
from	O
key	O
institutions	O
and	O
industries	O
is	O
underway	O
.	O


Kostunica	B-PERSON
supporters	O
say	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
task	O
now	O
is	O
to	O
gain	O
full	O
control	O
over	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
police	O
and	O
security	O
services	O
,	O
removing	O
any	O
trace	O
of	O
pro-Milosevic	O
officials	O
within	O
the	O
higher	O
ranks	O
,	O
who	O
could	O
still	O
be	O
manipulated	O
by	O
him	O
.	O


Eve	B-PERSON
Cornard	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


01:45	B-TIME
Universal	I-TIME
Time	I-TIME
.	I-TIME


This	O
is	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
now	O
.	O


A	O
new	O
and	O
simple	O
blood	O
test	O
may	O
soon	O
be	O
available	O
to	O
help	O
doctors	O
tell	O
which	O
of	O
their	O
diabetic	O
patients	O
is	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
develop	O
crippling	O
and	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
complications	O
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
's	O
Jessica	B-PERSON
Berman	I-PERSON
explains	O
.	O


Researcher	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
Levi	I-PERSON
says	O
scientists	O
have	O
long	O
been	O
puzzled	O
by	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
which	O
diabetics	O
develop	O
complications	O
and	O
why	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
complications	O
are	O
directly	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
things	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
is	O
how	O
long	O
you	O
've	O
had	O
the	O
diabetes	O
,	O
how	O
well	O
you	O
've	O
been	O
controlled	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
clear	O
that	O
people	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
level	O
of	O
control	O
of	O
their	O
glucose	O
,	O
same	O
duration	O
of	O
the	O
diabetes	O
differ	O
dramatically	O
in	O
their	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
these	O
complications	O
that	O
are	O
so	O
devastating	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Levi	B-PERSON
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
of	O
insulin	O
taking	O
patients	O
ends	O
up	O
with	O
kidney	O
failure	O
and	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
develop	O
blinding	O
eye	O
disease	O
.	O


Scientists	O
have	O
suspected	O
there	O
must	O
be	O
something	O
different	O
about	O
the	O
genetic	O
make	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
diabetics	O
who	O
develop	O
complications	O
;	O
and	O
that	O
difference	O
may	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
haptoglobin	O
,	O
a	O
protein	O
whose	O
function	O
is	O
to	O
mop	O
up	O
blood	O
vessel	O
destroying	O
free	O
radicals	O
.	O


The	O
free	O
radicals	O
are	O
released	O
when	O
oxygen	O
carrying	O
red	O
blood	O
cells	O
called	O
haemoglobin	O
die	O
.	O


Andrew	B-PERSON
Levi	I-PERSON
says	O
there	O
are	O
three	B-CARDINAL
different	O
types	O
of	O
haptoglobin	O
and	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
colleagues	O
at	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Technion	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
have	O
found	O
that	O
one	B-CARDINAL
type	O
of	O
haptoglobin	O
called	O
Type	O
1	O
-	O
1	O
appears	O
protective	O
against	O
diabetic	O
complications	O
while	O
the	O
other	O
two	B-CARDINAL
types	O
do	O
not	O
.	O


Researchers	O
at	O
Technion	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
led	O
by	O
Dr.	O
Levi	B-PERSON
have	O
developed	O
a	O
simple	O
blood	O
test	O
to	O
let	O
doctors	O
and	O
patients	O
know	O
who	O
is	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
develop	O
diabetic	O
complications	O
.	O


UN	B-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
is	O
traveling	O
to	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
in	O
a	O
bid	O
to	O
secure	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
abducted	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
.	O


Lebanese	B-NORP
-	O
based	O
Hizbullah	B-ORG
guerillas	O
captured	O
the	O
soldiers	O
,	O
Saturday	B-DATE
in	O
an	O
escalation	O
of	O
Mid	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
violence	O
.	O


Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Annan	B-PERSON
met	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leaders	O
in	O
a	O
bid	O
to	O
end	O
nearly	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
deadly	O
clashes	O
between	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
protestors	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
military	O
officials	O
say	O
violence	O
subsided	O
somewhat	O
on	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
has	O
postponed	O
its	O
deadline	O
for	O
a	O
stronger	O
military	O
reaction	O
to	O
the	O
rioting	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
90	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
died	O
in	O
the	O
fighting	O
,	O
mostly	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
again	O
had	O
telephone	O
conversations	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
talk	O
with	O
UN	B-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
on	O
ways	O
to	O
diffuse	O
the	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
crisis	O
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
correspondent	O
David	B-PERSON
Gollust	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
reports	O
.	O


A	O
trip	O
to	O
the	O
region	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
to	O
convene	O
an	O
emergency	O
summit	O
remains	O
under	O
discussion	O
,	O
although	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
insists	O
no	O
decision	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
continues	O
to	O
stress	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
willingness	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
trip	O
if	O
it	O
will	O
help	O
diffuse	O
the	O
violence	O
and	O
get	O
the	O
parties	O
back	O
to	O
negotiations	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
still	O
waiting	O
to	O
hear	O
if	O
the	O
leaders	O
will	O
be	O
responsive	O
to	O
unspecified	O
US	B-GPE
preconditions	O
for	O
such	O
a	O
trip	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
say	O
no	O
decision	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
to	O
go	O
despite	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
television	O
report	O
to	O
the	O
contrary	O
.	O


The	O
possibility	O
of	O
a	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
mission	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
has	O
gotten	O
heavy	O
media	O
coverage	O
,	O
but	O
spokesman	O
Jake	B-PERSON
Seaworth	I-PERSON
told	O
reporters	O
restoring	O
calm	O
is	O
the	O
central	O
issue	O
and	O
not	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
travel	O
plans	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
the	O
President	O
has	O
spent	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
time	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
this	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
and	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
not	O
just	O
discussing	O
where	O
and	O
when	O
,	O
whether	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
summit	O
,	O
but	O
whether	O
we	O
can	O
break	O
the	O
cycle	O
of	O
violence	O
and	O
ultimately	O
we	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
focussed	O
on	O
the	O
steps	O
that	O
may	O
involve	O
a	O
trip	O
,	O
that	O
may	O
not	O
involve	O
a	O
trip	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
's	O
15	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
minute	I-TIME
talk	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Annan	B-PERSON
who	O
was	O
holding	O
talks	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
also	O
dealt	O
with	O
the	O
tense	O
situation	O
along	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Lebanese	O
border	O
and	O
this	O
week	B-DATE
's	O
kidnapping	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
by	O
Hizbullah	B-ORG
guerillas	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Gollust	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
met	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
-	O
ranking	O
North	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
official	O
ever	O
to	O
visit	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


US	B-GPE
officials	O
described	O
the	O
one	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
White	B-FAC
House	I-FAC
meeting	O
,	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
between	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
and	O
Vice	O
-	O
marshall	O
Jo	B-PERSON
Myong	I-PERSON
Rok	I-PERSON
as	O
very	O
positive	O
,	O
direct	O
and	O
warm	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
other	O
Major	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
baseball	O
manager	O
is	O
now	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
team	O
to	O
lead	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Toronto	I-ORG
Blue	I-ORG
Jays	I-ORG
have	O
decided	O
not	O
to	O
renew	O
the	O
contract	O
of	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Firgossy	I-PERSON
after	O
the	O
team	O
placed	O
third	B-ORDINAL
in	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
League	I-ORG
Eastern	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
for	O
two	B-CARDINAL
straight	O
seasons	O
.	O


Toronto	B-ORG
finished	O
with	O
the	O
mediocre	O
83	B-CARDINAL
and	O
79	B-CARDINAL
record	O
and	O
Firgossy	B-PERSON
's	O
contract	O
expired	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
season	I-DATE
.	O


Before	O
the	B-ORG
Blue	I-ORG
Jays	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
announcement	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
Firgossy	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
he	O
felt	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
asked	O
to	O
return	O
.	O


General	O
manager	O
Gord	B-PERSON
Ash	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
felt	O
the	O
team	O
needed	O
a	O
different	O
manager	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
playoff	O
contender	O
.	O


UN	B-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
appealed	O
to	O
Israel	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
Tuesday	B-DATE
to	O
get	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
bargaining	O
table	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Annan	B-PERSON
met	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
,	O
then	O
told	O
reporters	O
the	O
region	O
has	O
suffered	O
enough	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
issue	O
just	O
for	O
Prime	O
Minister	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
Chairman	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
issue	O
even	O
for	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
a	O
role	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
.	O


The	O
population	O
have	O
a	O
role	O
to	O
play	O
,	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
to	O
work	O
together	O
to	O
bring	O
these	O
things	O
down	O
.	O


We	O
all	O
have	O
a	O
responsibility	O
.	O


Among	O
the	O
other	O
diplomatic	O
contacts	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
both	O
sides	O
met	O
with	O
Russian	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Igor	B-PERSON
Ivanov	I-PERSON
and	O
European	B-ORG
Union	I-ORG
Security	O
Chief	O
Javier	B-PERSON
Solana	I-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
also	O
spoke	O
Tuesday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
with	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
and	O
French	B-NORP
President	O
Jacques	B-PERSON
Chirac	I-PERSON
.	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Coller	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
six	I-CARDINAL
US	B-GPE
sailors	O
were	O
killed	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
wounded	O
,	O
Thursday	B-DATE
in	O
an	O
apparent	O
suicide	O
attack	O
on	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
warship	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
's	O
Alex	B-PERSON
Belida	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


The	O
crew	O
of	O
destroyer	O
USS	B-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
had	O
no	O
reason	O
to	O
expect	O
trouble	O
when	O
the	O
ship	O
pulled	O
into	O
Aden	B-FAC
Harbor	I-FAC
for	O
a	O
brief	O
routine	O
refueling	O
stop	O
.	O


The	O
crew	O
,	O
especially	O
saw	O
nothing	O
to	O
fear	O
from	O
a	O
small	O
support	O
boat	O
,	O
sent	O
out	O
by	O
harbor	O
authorities	O
to	O
assist	O
in	O
the	O
mooring	O
process	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
small	O
boat	O
was	O
apparently	O
loaded	O
with	O
explosives	O
and	O
manned	O
by	O
suicide	O
bombers	O
.	O


As	O
it	O
pulled	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
destroyer	O
,	O
it	O
blew	O
up	O
,	O
tearing	O
a	O
gaping	O
hole	O
in	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
's	O
side	O
.	O


Admiral	O
Vern	B-PERSON
Clark	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Chief	O
of	O
Naval	O
Operations	O
,	O
says	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
no	O
threats	O
or	O
warnings	O
ahead	O
of	O
the	O
port	O
call	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
other	O
recent	O
refueling	O
visits	O
by	O
US	B-GPE
ships	O
to	O
Aden	B-GPE
had	O
gone	O
off	O
without	O
incident	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
general	O
concerns	O
about	O
security	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Mid	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
armed	O
guards	O
had	O
been	O
posted	O
on	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
deck	O
.	O


Other	O
standard	O
safety	O
and	O
security	O
measures	O
were	O
also	O
being	O
observed	O
.	O


Alex	B-PERSON
Belida	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


A	O
Chinese	B-NORP
writer	O
who	O
was	O
once	O
forced	O
to	O
burn	O
his	O
writings	O
to	O
save	O
himself	O
from	O
Communist	B-NORP
zealots	O
has	O
won	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Nobel	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	I-WORK_OF_ART
Literature	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Ghow	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
Zheng	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
now	O
lives	O
and	O
writes	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
was	O
chosen	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Swedish	I-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
for	O
what	O
it	O
called	O
his	O
writing	O
about	O
individual	O
rights	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Ghow	B-PERSON
's	O
works	O
,	O
including	O
`	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Other	I-WORK_OF_ART
Shore	I-WORK_OF_ART
'	I-WORK_OF_ART
are	O
banned	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


That	O
's	O
our	O
news	O
summary	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Coller	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Here	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
county	O
workers	O
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
,	O
California	B-GPE
have	O
returned	O
to	O
their	O
jobs	O
as	O
union	O
negotiators	O
continue	O
contract	O
talks	O
with	O
local	O
officials	O
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
's	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Sullivan	I-PERSON
reports	O
that	O
workers	O
are	O
responding	O
to	O
a	O
request	O
from	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
Roman	B-NORP
Catholic	I-NORP
archbishop	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
40,000	I-CARDINAL
workers	O
were	O
back	O
at	O
their	O
jobs	O
Thursday	B-DATE
following	O
a	O
1	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
walkout	O
that	O
closed	O
social	O
welfare	O
offices	O
and	O
crippled	O
public	O
medical	O
services	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
work	O
stoppage	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
local	O
residents	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
register	O
marriages	O
or	O
get	O
documents	O
for	O
a	O
real	O
estate	O
transaction	O
.	O


People	O
at	O
one	B-CARDINAL
records	O
office	O
found	O
no	O
one	O
on	O
duty	O
to	O
help	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
return	O
to	O
work	O
Thursday	B-DATE
came	O
at	O
the	O
urging	O
of	O
Catholic	B-NORP
cardinal	O
Roger	B-PERSON
Mahodi	I-PERSON
who	O
said	O
the	O
labor	O
dispute	O
was	O
hurting	O
the	O
poor	O
who	O
rely	O
on	O
public	O
services	O
.	O


In	O
response	O
to	O
his	O
plea	O
,	O
union	O
officials	O
agreed	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
resolve	O
their	O
differences	O
through	O
negotiations	O
.	O


The	O
back	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
work	O
agreement	O
angered	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
strikers	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
who	O
called	O
the	O
decision	O
a	O
sellout	O
.	O


The	O
labor	O
dispute	O
is	O
over	O
wages	O
.	O


Workers	O
want	O
a	O
15.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
pay	O
raise	O
over	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
county	O
has	O
offered	O
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


A	O
separate	O
work	O
stoppage	O
by	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
transit	O
workers	O
is	O
now	O
in	O
its	O
27th	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


That	O
strike	O
affects	O
450,000	B-CARDINAL
bus	O
and	O
subway	O
riders	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
low	O
-	O
income	O
workers	O
.	O


An	O
issue	O
in	O
that	O
strike	O
is	O
a	O
management	O
plan	O
to	O
hire	O
more	O
part	O
-	O
time	O
drivers	O
and	O
limit	O
overtime	O
pay	O
.	O


Talks	O
are	O
at	O
a	O
standstill	O
,	O
but	O
4,000	B-CARDINAL
striking	O
drivers	O
have	O
promised	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
the	O
latest	O
management	O
offer	O
,	O
Thursday	B-DATE
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
O'Sullivan	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
.	O


Right	O
now	O
let	O
's	O
get	O
an	O
update	O
on	O
the	O
latest	O
world	O
news	O
from	O
VOA	B-ORG
's	O
Dave	B-PERSON
Deforest	I-PERSON
.	O


Well	O
Dick	B-PERSON
,	O
US	B-GPE
officials	O
have	O
launched	O
an	O
investigation	O
into	O
a	O
suspected	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
that	O
killed	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
six	I-CARDINAL
sailors	O
on	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
warship	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
say	O
a	O
suicide	O
boat	O
exploded	O
near	O
the	O
USS	B-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
destroyer	O
as	O
it	O
refueled	O
early	B-TIME
Thursday	I-TIME
in	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
blast	O
tore	O
a	O
huge	O
gap	O
in	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
side	O
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
other	O
crewmembers	O
are	O
missing	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
were	O
injured	O
.	O


Defense	B-ORG
Secretary	O
William	B-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
says	O
if	O
a	O
formal	O
investigation	O
shows	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
.	O


Dispatch	O
investigators	O
to	O
learn	O
what	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
blast	O
.	O


Tragedies	O
that	O
test	O
our	O
strength	O
and	O
our	O
resolve	O
occur	O
and	O
have	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
passed	O
the	O
test	O
and	O
measuring	O
up	O
to	O
those	O
responsibilities	O
and	O
we	O
will	O
pass	O
that	O
test	O
once	O
again	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Chief	O
of	O
Naval	O
Operations	O
Admiral	O
Vern	B-PERSON
Clark	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
bombers	O
were	O
aboard	O
a	O
small	O
boat	O
that	O
was	O
assisting	O
in	O
the	O
refueling	O
of	O
the	O
destroyer	O
at	O
the	O
port	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
has	O
claimed	O
responsibility	O
.	O


US	B-GPE
military	O
forces	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
have	O
been	O
placed	O
on	O
high	O
alert	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
lifted	O
oil	O
and	O
travel	O
sanctions	O
against	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
as	O
the	O
Balkan	B-LOC
country	O
's	O
new	O
leader	O
says	O
he	O
is	O
ready	O
to	O
resume	O
diplomatic	O
ties	O
with	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
Thursday	B-DATE
said	O
the	O
victory	O
of	O
freedom	O
in	O
Serbia	B-GPE
is	O
one	O
of	O
Europe	B-LOC
's	O
most	O
hopeful	O
developments	O
since	O
the	O
fall	O
of	O
the	O
Berlin	B-GPE
wall	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Dave	B-PERSON
Deforest	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Thirty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
US	B-GPE
sailors	O
injured	O
in	O
a	O
deadly	O
blast	O
that	O
left	O
the	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
crippled	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
seaport	O
Aden	B-GPE
have	O
come	O
home	O
.	O


The	O
sailors	O
returned	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
after	O
receiving	O
medical	O
treatment	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
military	O
transport	O
plane	O
brought	O
the	O
injured	O
sailors	O
to	O
their	O
home	O
base	O
of	O
Norfolk	B-GPE
Virginia	B-GPE
on	O
Sunday	B-DATE
where	O
they	O
received	O
an	O
emotional	O
greeting	O
from	O
family	O
members	O
who	O
were	O
brought	O
to	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
facility	O
from	O
all	O
over	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Six	B-CARDINAL
more	O
seriously	O
injured	O
shipmates	O
stayed	O
behind	O
at	O
Ramstein	B-FAC
Air	I-FAC
Force	I-FAC
Base	I-FAC
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
for	O
further	O
treatment	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
scores	O
of	O
US	B-GPE
forensic	O
investigators	O
have	O
descended	O
on	O
Aden	B-GPE
to	O
begin	O
probing	O
Thursday	B-DATE
's	O
blast	O
which	O
killed	O
17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
aboard	O
the	O
guided	O
missile	O
destroyer	O
as	O
it	O
docked	O
to	O
refuel	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
press	O
briefing	O
,	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
Ambassador	O
to	O
Yemen	B-GPE
Barbara	B-PERSON
Bodien	I-PERSON
commented	O
on	O
the	O
explosion	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
evidence	O
does	O
point	O
very	O
clearly	O
that	O
the	O
explosion	O
came	O
outside	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O


Now	O
exactly	O
who	O
was	O
behind	O
it	O
,	O
what	O
their	O
motivation	O
was	O
and	O
how	O
they	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
arrange	O
it	O
that	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
speculate	O
on	O
,	O
but	O
certainly	O
the	O
explosion	O
did	O
come	O
from	O
outside	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Coller	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
wounded	O
in	O
scattered	O
clashes	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
,	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
despite	O
the	O
Sharm	B-GPE
el	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Sheikh	I-GPE
truce	O
accord	O
.	O


The	O
clashes	O
occurred	O
as	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leadership	O
issued	O
orders	O
to	O
observe	O
the	O
troops	O
.	O


The	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leaders	O
also	O
warned	O
that	O
Israel	B-GPE
must	O
remove	O
its	O
soldiers	O
from	O
the	O
outskirts	O
of	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
cities	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
says	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
lifted	O
the	O
internal	O
restrictions	O
that	O
barred	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
from	O
moving	O
among	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
towns	O
and	O
villages	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
has	O
passed	O
the	O
bill	O
allowing	O
food	O
and	O
medicine	O
sales	O
to	O
Cuba	B-GPE
potentially	O
easing	O
40	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
trade	O
sanctions	O
against	O
the	O
Communist	B-NORP
ruled	O
island	O
.	O


The	O
measure	O
now	O
goes	O
on	O
to	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
who	O
said	O
he	O
will	O
sign	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
allows	O
Cuba	B-GPE
to	O
buy	O
food	O
and	O
medicine	O
from	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
since	O
1962	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
bill	O
restricts	O
US	B-GPE
financing	O
of	O
such	O
sales	O
and	O
also	O
continues	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
travel	O
ban	O
to	O
Cuba	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
bill	O
is	O
meant	O
to	O
ease	O
the	O
trade	O
sanctions	O
,	O
but	O
Cuba	B-GPE
says	O
,	O
the	O
financial	O
conditions	O
will	O
make	O
it	O
impossible	O
to	O
buy	O
US	B-GPE
food	O
.	O


Cuba	B-GPE
's	O
Communist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
officials	O
have	O
vowed	O
not	O
to	O
spend	O
one	B-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
on	O
US	B-GPE
goods	O
.	O


President	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
Wednesday	B-DATE
led	O
a	O
massive	O
protest	O
rally	O
in	O
Havana	B-GPE
against	O
the	O
bill	O
's	O
restrictions	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
more	O
on	O
that	O
story	O
on	O
our	O
dateline	O
segment	O
later	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
this	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
,	O
Dave	B-PERSON
.	O


Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
have	O
taken	O
steps	O
to	O
end	O
three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
violence	O
,	O
but	O
have	O
warned	O
of	O
difficulties	O
as	O
the	O
clashes	O
continue	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
doubts	O
he	O
can	O
count	O
on	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
as	O
partners	O
for	O
peace	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
officials	O
say	O
Israel	B-GPE
needs	O
to	O
remove	O
soldiers	O
from	O
the	O
outskirts	O
of	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
cities	O
.	O


The	O
comments	O
were	O
made	O
as	O
Israelis	B-NORP
eased	O
travel	O
restrictions	O
on	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
as	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
efforts	O
to	O
end	O
the	O
violence	O
by	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


There	O
were	O
sporadic	O
clashes	O
in	O
several	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
areas	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
on	O
a	O
much	O
lesser	O
scale	O
than	O
in	O
previous	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
said	O
steps	O
were	O
being	O
taken	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
direction	O
following	O
the	O
emergency	O
summit	O
of	O
leaders	O
earlier	O
this	O
week	O
in	O
Sharm	B-GPE
El	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Sheikh	I-GPE
,	O
Egypt	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
representatives	O
traded	O
charges	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
of	O
an	O
emergency	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
session	O
on	O
the	O
violence	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Mid	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
correspondent	O
Breck	B-PERSON
Ardery	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
the	B-FAC
United	I-FAC
Nations	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
chief	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
observer	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
,	O
Nasir	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Kidwa	I-PERSON
,	O
told	O
the	O
assembly	O
that	O
Israel	B-GPE
has	O
broken	O
occupying	O
and	O
colonial	O
power	O
in	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
lands	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Kidwa	I-PERSON
said	O
Israel	B-GPE
uses	O
savage	O
force	O
against	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
then	O
blames	O
the	O
victims	O
for	O
the	O
violence	O
,	O
but	O
Israeli	B-NORP
UN	B-ORG
Ambassador	O
Yehud	B-PERSON
Lancry	I-PERSON
said	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
is	O
helping	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
violence	O
by	O
allowing	O
extremists	O
to	O
appear	O
on	O
its	O
radio	O
and	O
television	O
broadcasts	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lancry	B-PERSON
denied	O
Israel	B-GPE
has	O
used	O
excessive	O
force	O
saying	O
it	O
has	O
simply	O
protected	O
its	O
citizens	O
.	O


The	O
Assembly	B-ORG
will	O
resume	O
its	O
discussion	O
of	O
Mid	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
violence	O
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
after	O
receiving	O
a	O
report	O
from	O
UN	B-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Annan	B-PERSON
will	O
review	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
efforts	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
at	O
Sharm	B-GPE
El	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Sheikh	I-GPE
,	O
Egypt	B-GPE
to	O
end	O
the	O
violence	O
.	O


Breck	B-PERSON
Ardery	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-FAC
United	I-FAC
Nations	I-FAC
.	O


The	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
has	O
issued	O
a	O
revised	O
timetable	O
of	O
events	O
leading	O
to	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
deadly	O
bombing	O
of	O
the	O
destroyer	O
USS	B-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
in	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
Pentagon	B-FAC
correspondent	O
Alex	B-PERSON
Belida	I-PERSON
reports	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
timeline	O
raises	O
new	O
questions	O
about	O
how	O
the	O
apparent	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
.	O


The	O
Navy	B-ORG
now	O
says	O
the	O
blast	O
occurred	O
nearly	B-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
after	O
the	O
destroyer	O
had	O
moored	O
for	O
refueling	O
in	O
Aden	B-FAC
Harbor	I-FAC
,	O
not	O
during	O
the	O
mooring	O
operation	O
itself	O
.	O


Originally	O
Navy	B-ORG
officials	O
said	O
a	O
small	O
boat	O
that	O
assisted	O
in	O
securing	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
lines	O
or	O
whose	O
movements	O
were	O
masked	O
by	O
the	O
mooring	O
operation	O
pulled	O
aside	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
and	O
blew	O
up	O
in	O
an	O
apparent	O
suicide	O
attack	O
.	O


A	O
Navy	B-ORG
spokesman	O
,	O
Commander	O
Greg	B-PERSON
Smith	I-PERSON
offers	O
no	O
new	O
explanation	O
of	O
the	O
circumstances	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
blast	O
,	O
saying	O
that	O
is	O
now	O
a	O
matter	O
for	O
criminal	O
investigators	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
Commander	O
Smith	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
remains	O
firm	O
in	O
its	O
assessment	O
that	O
the	O
explosion	O
was	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
and	O
not	O
a	O
refueling	O
accident	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
new	O
time	O
table	O
confirms	O
refueling	O
was	O
underway	O
.	O


That	O
raises	O
questions	O
about	O
how	O
a	O
single	O
boat	O
could	O
have	O
approached	O
without	O
raising	O
the	O
suspicions	O
of	O
armed	O
guards	O
posted	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
heightened	O
alert	O
status	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
's	O
port	O
visit	O
.	O


Alex	B-PERSON
Belida	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


Welcome	O
to	O
another	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
of	O
news	O
and	O
information	O
on	O
The	B-ORG
Voice	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
.	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Chadwick	I-PERSON
,	O
with	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Now	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
death	O
toll	O
in	O
Colombia	B-GPE
from	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
heavy	O
fighting	O
between	O
soldiers	O
and	O
rebels	O
now	O
stands	O
at	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
54	I-CARDINAL
soldiers	O
and	O
50	B-CARDINAL
guerillas	O
have	O
died	O
in	O
clashes	O
around	O
the	O
northeastern	O
cities	O
of	O
Bagado	B-GPE
and	O
Dabiara	B-GPE
.	O


Nearly	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
buildings	O
in	O
those	O
two	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
reportedly	O
destroyed	O
.	O


The	O
clashes	O
began	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
rebel	O
Revolutionary	B-ORG
Armed	I-ORG
Forces	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Columbia	I-ORG
launched	O
attacks	O
on	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
northeastern	O
towns	O
.	O


An	O
Army	B-ORG
helicopter	O
went	O
down	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
border	O
with	O
Panama	B-GPE
,	O
killing	O
all	O
22	B-CARDINAL
soldiers	O
on	O
board	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
Democratic	B-NORP
presidential	O
candidate	O
were	O
among	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
mourners	O
who	O
gathered	O
in	O
Missouri	B-GPE
at	O
a	O
memorial	O
service	O
for	O
Democratic	B-NORP
Governor	O
Mel	B-PERSON
Carnahan	I-PERSON
who	O
died	O
Monday	B-DATE
in	O
a	O
plane	O
crash	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
now	O
says	O
the	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
was	O
being	O
refueled	O
when	O
an	O
explosion	O
ripped	O
through	O
it	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
killing	O
17	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
revised	O
accounting	O
of	O
the	O
incident	O
was	O
given	O
in	O
a	O
Navy	B-ORG
statement	O
Friday	B-DATE
raising	O
new	O
questions	O
about	O
how	O
the	O
small	O
boat	O
carrying	O
the	O
explosives	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
near	O
the	O
ship	O
and	O
set	O
off	O
the	O
blast	O
.	O


The	O
death	O
toll	O
in	O
Colombia	B-GPE
from	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
heavy	O
fighting	O
between	O
soldiers	O
and	O
rebels	O
there	O
now	O
stands	O
at	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
brief	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
news	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Dave	B-PERSON
Deforest	I-PERSON
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Coller	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
held	O
coalition	O
talks	O
,	O
Monday	B-DATE
with	O
Likud	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
leader	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
failed	O
to	O
agree	O
on	O
forming	O
a	O
national	O
unity	O
government	O
.	O


A	O
Likud	B-ORG
official	O
said	O
they	O
will	O
meet	O
again	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
current	O
explosion	O
of	O
violence	O
between	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
Israelis	B-NORP
began	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
after	O
Mr.	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
visited	O
a	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
holy	O
site	O
.	O


Sporadic	O
clashes	O
continued	O
,	O
Monday	B-DATE
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


US	B-GPE
officials	O
say	O
the	O
crippled	O
US	B-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
destroyer	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
is	O
ready	O
to	O
be	O
moved	O
out	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
back	O
to	O
its	O
homeport	O
of	O
Norfolk	B-GPE
,	O
Virginian	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
huge	O
Norwegian	B-NORP
transport	O
vessel	O
is	O
to	O
carry	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
across	O
the	B-LOC
Atlantic	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
.	O


Following	O
the	O
suspected	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
that	O
killed	O
17	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
's	O
sailors	O
,	O
US	B-GPE
officials	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
still	O
piecing	O
together	O
evidence	O
they	O
hope	O
will	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
capture	O
of	O
those	O
responsible	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
and	O
Goodday	O
.	O


More	O
deadly	O
violence	O
has	O
erupted	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
as	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
failed	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
government	O
of	O
national	O
unity	O
.	O


As	O
night	O
fell	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
in	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Hebron	B-GPE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Palestinian	B-NORP
man	O
was	O
shot	O
dead	O
in	O
an	O
exchange	O
of	O
fire	O
between	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
militiamen	O
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
also	O
gun	O
battles	O
near	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


About	B-CARDINAL
130	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
in	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
violence	O
,	O
almost	O
all	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Monday	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
met	O
with	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
right	O
wing	O
Likud	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
leader	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
,	O
to	O
form	O
an	O
emergency	O
unity	O
government	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
crisis	O
,	O
but	O
Likud	B-ORG
says	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
failed	O
to	O
agree	O
on	O
terms	O
.	O


Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
expert	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Gulpan	I-PERSON
,	O
of	O
Tufts	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
fragile	O
coalition	O
politics	O
may	O
stand	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
made	O
deals	O
with	O
Likud	B-ORG
before	O
and	O
Likud	B-ORG
is	O
not	O
completely	O
just	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
,	O
there	O
are	O
moderates	O
within	O
Likud	B-ORG
.	O


So	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
making	O
deals	O
with	O
them	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
really	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
coalition	O
may	O
prevent	O
any	O
possibility	O
of	O
creating	O
a	O
real	O
agreement	O
.	O


Palestinians	B-NORP
have	O
said	O
they	O
will	O
not	O
work	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
here	O
in	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
administration	O
spokesman	O
Jake	B-PERSON
Sewart	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
President	O
is	O
still	O
hard	O
at	O
work	O
trying	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
solution	O
for	O
the	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
crisis	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
continued	O
to	O
consult	O
with	O
both	O
parties	O
and	O
with	O
leaders	O
in	O
the	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
parties	O
to	O
agree	O
on	O
and	O
to	O
move	O
forward	O
on	O
the	O
agreement	O
we	O
reached	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
.	O


UN	B-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
has	O
nominated	O
former	O
Dutch	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ruud	B-PERSON
Lubbers	I-PERSON
as	O
the	O
new	O
UN	B-ORG
High	O
Commissioner	O
for	O
Refugees	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Annan	B-PERSON
praised	O
the	O
record	O
of	O
the	O
61	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Mr.	O
Lubbers	B-PERSON
as	O
a	O
government	O
leader	O
,	O
academic	O
and	O
private	O
citizen	O
,	O
saying	O
this	O
made	O
him	O
the	O
right	O
man	O
for	O
the	O
job	O
.	O


If	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
approves	O
the	O
nomination	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Lubbers	B-PERSON
will	O
replace	O
Sadako	B-PERSON
Ogata	I-PERSON
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
on	O
January	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
.	O


United	B-ORG
Nation	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
Wednesday	B-DATE
announced	O
two	B-CARDINAL
high	O
level	O
appointments	O
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
correspondent	O
Breck	B-PERSON
Ardery	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
the	B-FAC
United	I-FAC
Nations	I-FAC
.	O


Mr.	O
Annan	B-PERSON
chose	O
Rudd	B-PERSON
Lubbers	I-PERSON
as	O
the	O
next	O
UN	B-ORG
High	O
Commissioner	O
for	O
Refugees	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lubbers	B-PERSON
,	O
former	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
of	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
will	O
replace	O
Cidako	B-PERSON
Ogada	I-PERSON
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
who	O
is	O
retiring	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lubbers	B-PERSON
will	O
direct	O
a	O
huge	O
UN	B-ORG
agency	O
with	O
a	O
more	O
than	O
one	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
annual	O
budget	O
and	O
operations	O
in	O
120	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
major	O
issue	O
Mr.	O
Lubbers	B-PERSON
will	O
have	O
to	O
face	O
is	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
fled	O
their	O
homes	O
but	O
remain	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
countries	O
.	O


Such	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
internally	O
displaced	O
people	O
are	O
not	O
now	O
covered	O
by	O
the	O
mandate	O
of	O
the	O
High	O
Commissioner	O
for	O
Refugees	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
pressure	O
to	O
change	O
that	O
.	O


Secretary	O
General	O
Annan	B-PERSON
also	O
named	O
Faraya	B-PERSON
Ogade	I-PERSON
as	O
the	O
new	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Population	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
agency	O
that	O
provides	O
reproductive	O
health	O
and	O
family	O
planning	O
assistance	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Breck	B-PERSON
Ardery	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-FAC
United	I-FAC
Nations	I-FAC
.	O


Peruvian	B-NORP
President	O
Alberto	B-PERSON
Fujimori	I-PERSON
has	O
issued	O
an	O
order	O
confining	O
all	O
military	O
and	O
police	O
to	O
their	O
barracks	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
is	O
locked	O
in	O
a	O
power	O
struggle	O
with	O
former	O
intelligence	O
service	O
chief	O
Vladimiro	B-PERSON
Monticenos	I-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Fujimori	B-PERSON
told	O
reporters	O
late	B-TIME
Wednesday	I-TIME
,	O
he	O
ordered	O
a	O
complete	O
freeze	O
on	O
movements	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Armed	I-ORG
Forces	I-ORG
.	O


President	O
Fujimori	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
leading	O
a	O
purge	O
of	O
the	O
military	O
of	O
those	O
loyal	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Monticenos	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
former	O
spy	O
master	O
,	O
whose	O
surprise	O
return	O
to	O
Peru	B-GPE
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
triggered	O
speculation	O
of	O
a	O
possible	O
coup	O
.	O


Cuban	B-NORP
President	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
arrive	O
in	O
Venezuela	B-GPE
Thursday	B-DATE
to	O
begin	O
a	O
five	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
visit	O
at	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
President	O
Hugo	B-PERSON
Chavez	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
presidents	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
sign	O
an	O
oil	O
agreement	O
aimed	O
at	O
helping	O
to	O
ease	O
the	O
Communist	B-NORP
ruled	O
Caribbean	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
's	O
chronic	O
fuel	O
shortage	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Castro	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
comes	O
amid	O
widespread	O
labor	O
unrest	O
in	O
Venezuela	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
major	O
demonstration	O
is	O
set	O
for	O
Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
Cuba	B-GPE
has	O
put	O
into	O
effect	O
a	O
10	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
tax	O
surcharge	O
on	O
telephone	O
calls	O
here	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
Cuban	B-NORP
government	O
took	O
the	O
step	O
in	O
retaliation	O
for	O
a	O
Cuban	B-NORP
funds	O
bill	O
passed	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
legislation	O
would	O
use	O
Cuban	B-NORP
funds	O
,	O
long	O
frozen	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
to	O
compensate	O
Cubans	B-NORP
living	O
in	O
Miami	B-GPE
for	O
losses	O
suffered	O
at	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
the	O
Cuban	B-NORP
government	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Crosby	I-PERSON
with	O
David	B-PERSON
Chadwick	I-PERSON
.	O


You	O
are	O
listening	O
to	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Now	I-ORG
.	O


There	O
are	O
fears	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
of	O
a	O
renewed	O
suicide	O
bombing	O
campaign	O
following	O
a	O
suicide	O
bicycle	O
attack	O
against	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
military	O
post	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
suicide	O
bomber	O
blew	O
himself	O
up	O
Thursday	B-DATE
as	O
his	O
bicycle	O
reached	O
a	O
concrete	O
barrier	O
at	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
post	O
.	O


An	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldier	O
was	O
slightly	O
hurt	O
.	O


The	O
Islamic	B-ORG
Jihad	I-ORG
group	O
claimed	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
bombing	O
and	O
said	O
in	O
a	O
statement	O
it	O
would	O
continue	O
the	O
suicide	O
attacks	O
.	O


And	O
right	O
now	O
let	O
's	O
get	O
the	O
latest	O
world	O
news	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
David	B-PERSON
Coller	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Ivory	B-GPE
Coast	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
newly	O
elected	O
President	O
Loran	B-PERSON
Gbagbo	I-PERSON
plans	O
to	O
announce	O
his	O
government	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Gbagbo	B-PERSON
has	O
ruled	O
out	O
new	O
elections	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
promising	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
what	O
he	O
calls	O
a	O
broad	O
-	O
based	O
government	O
of	O
national	O
unity	O
.	O


In	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
State	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
spokesman	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Reeker	I-PERSON
said	O
new	O
elections	O
are	O
necessary	O
.	O


The	O
election	O
October	B-DATE
22nd	I-DATE
was	O
failed	O
and	O
fundamentally	O
flawed	O
from	O
the	O
outset	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
exclusion	O
of	O
major	O
party	O
candidates	O
and	O
other	O
machinations	O
leading	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
voices	O
of	O
the	O
disenfranchised	O
Ivorians	B-NORP
to	O
be	O
heard	O
and	O
in	O
that	O
sense	O
the	O
holding	O
of	O
free	O
,	O
fair	O
and	O
inclusive	O
elections	O
will	O
be	O
needed	O
to	O
fully	O
restore	O
the	O
government	O
or	O
put	O
to	O
fore	O
its	O
legitimacy	O
and	O
bring	O
democracy	O
back	O
to	O
.	O


Fresh	O
violence	O
broke	O
out	O
Thursday	B-DATE
between	O
the	O
Gbagbo	B-PERSON
supporters	O
and	O
backers	O
of	O
rival	O
opposition	O
leader	O
Alassane	B-PERSON
Ouattara	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
barred	O
from	O
Sunday	B-DATE
's	O
voting	O
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
killed	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
young	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
on	O
a	O
bicycle	O
wearing	O
a	O
black	O
bag	O
stuffed	O
with	O
explosives	O
rammed	O
an	O
Israeli	B-ORG
Army	I-ORG
bunker	O
killing	O
himself	O
and	O
wounding	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
soldier	O
.	O


The	O
militant	O
Islamic	B-ORG
Jihad	I-ORG
claimed	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
attack	O
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
suicide	O
bombing	O
during	O
a	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
of	O
clashes	O
between	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
rioters	O
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
.	O


In	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
bomb	O
threat	O
has	O
forced	O
the	O
tightening	O
of	O
security	O
at	O
the	O
hotel	O
housing	O
US	B-GPE
investigators	O
probing	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
.	O


Pentagon	B-ORG
spokesman	O
Ken	B-PERSON
Bacon	I-PERSON
told	O
reporters	O
the	O
situation	O
caused	O
the	O
Secretary	O
of	O
Defense	B-ORG
to	O
call	O
US	B-GPE
field	O
commanders	O
.	O


The	O
Secretary	O
held	O
a	O
video	O
conference	O
call	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
Commanders	O
in	O
Chiefs	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
Service	O
Chiefs	O
and	O
the	O
Service	O
Secretaries	O
and	O
the	O
topic	O
was	O
force	O
protection	O
.	O


The	O
hotel	O
has	O
been	O
hosting	O
scores	O
of	O
investigators	O
who	O
are	O
looking	O
into	O
the	O
apparent	O
suicide	O
bomb	O
attack	O
on	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
destroyer	O
that	O
killed	O
17	B-CARDINAL
US	B-GPE
sailors	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
at	O
one	B-TIME
forty	I-TIME
-	I-TIME
five	I-TIME
Universal	I-TIME
time	I-TIME
you	O
are	O
listening	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Voice	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
.	O


Monkey	O
experiments	O
by	O
an	O
international	O
research	O
team	O
have	O
reversed	O
the	O
brain	O
degeneration	O
typical	O
of	O
Parkinson	O
's	O
Disease	O
by	O
placing	O
repair	O
proteins	O
inside	O
a	O
disabled	O
AIDS	O
virus	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
hear	O
from	O
David	B-PERSON
McAlary	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
work	O
is	O
being	O
hailed	O
as	O
a	O
breakthrough	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
end	O
Parkinson	O
's	O
deterioration	O
.	O


Patients	O
with	O
advanced	O
Parkinson	O
's	O
are	O
easy	O
to	O
spot	O
.	O


Degeneration	O
of	O
brain	O
cells	O
or	O
neurons	O
causes	O
them	O
to	O
shake	O
,	O
shuffle	O
and	O
stoop	O
.	O


The	O
neurons	O
produce	O
less	O
and	O
less	O
of	O
the	O
chemical	O
dopamine	O
that	O
helps	O
relay	O
signals	O
between	O
them	O
.	O


Dopamine	O
replacement	O
with	O
drugs	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
therapy	O
but	O
it	O
loses	O
effectiveness	O
as	O
the	O
disease	O
progresses	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
step	O
is	O
transplanting	O
nerve	O
tissue	O
from	O
a	O
fetus	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
lost	O
dopamine	O
neurons	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
costly	O
,	O
risky	O
surgery	O
.	O


Now	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
-	O
Swiss	B-NORP
-	O
French	B-NORP
group	O
has	O
successfully	O
tested	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
approach	O
in	O
monkeys	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
that	O
delivers	O
the	O
seeds	O
of	O
a	O
dopamine	O
neuron	O
nourishment	O
protein	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
brain	O
by	O
injection	O
.	O


It	O
works	O
as	O
a	O
protectant	O
of	O
the	O
cell	O
so	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
disease	O
in	O
its	O
tracks	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
study	O
leader	O
Jeffery	B-PERSON
Codover	I-PERSON
of	O
Rush	B-ORG
Presbyterian	I-ORG
St.	I-ORG
Lukes	I-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
stimulating	O
brain	O
protein	O
his	O
team	O
used	O
is	O
called	O
GDNF	O
.	O


Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
GDNF	O
keeps	O
dopamine	O
cells	O
healthy	O
but	O
the	O
problem	O
has	O
been	O
getting	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
brain	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
defense	O
,	O
the	O
brain	O
's	O
blood	O
vessels	O
prevent	O
most	O
compounds	O
from	O
entering	O
from	O
the	O
blood	O
stream	O
making	O
it	O
difficult	O
to	O
design	O
a	O
Parkinson	O
's	O
drug	O
.	O


To	O
overcome	O
this	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Codover	B-PERSON
's	O
team	O
injected	O
a	O
gene	O
to	O
make	O
GDNF	O
right	O
into	O
the	O
monkey	O
's	O
brains	O
.	O


To	O
transport	O
the	O
gene	O
,	O
Louisiane	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
researchers	O
devised	O
an	O
HIV	O
virus	O
stripped	O
of	O
its	O
infecting	O
machinery	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
injected	O
the	O
altered	O
virus	O
into	O
brains	O
of	O
aging	O
animals	O
with	O
early	O
Parkinson	O
's	O
it	O
conveyed	O
the	O
attached	O
GDNF	O
gene	O
efficiently	O
,	O
causing	O
dopamine	O
cells	O
to	O
produce	O
the	O
rescue	O
protein	O
on	O
site	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
delivered	O
GDNF	O
via	O
gene	O
therapy	O
in	O
these	O
aged	O
monkeys	O
we	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
completely	O
reverse	O
all	O
the	O
cellular	O
changes	O
,	O
degenerative	O
changes	O
that	O
are	O
seen	O
in	O
aged	O
monkeys	O
as	O
they	O
relate	O
to	O
Parkinson	O
's	O
Disease	O
.	O


The	O
researchers	O
report	O
in	O
the	O
journal	O
Science	B-WORK_OF_ART
that	O
the	O
gene	O
therapy	O
also	O
restored	O
coordinated	O
movement	O
in	O
young	O
monkeys	O
in	O
which	O
Parkinson	O
's	O
was	O
chemically	O
induced	O
.	O


The	O
benefits	O
of	O
the	O
treatment	O
appear	O
permanent	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
very	O
long	O
-	O
lasting	O
as	O
GDNF	O
genes	O
continually	O
produce	O
the	O
rescue	O
protein	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Codover	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
in	O
people	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
tested	O
as	O
preventive	O
therapy	O
rather	O
than	O
one	O
for	O
existing	O
symptoms	O
.	O


Most	O
current	O
clinical	O
trials	O
in	O
Parkinson	O
's	O
Disease	O
are	O
directed	O
towards	O
symptomatic	O
therapy	O
or	O
towards	O
more	O
advanced	O
patients	O
.	O


This	O
type	O
of	O
therapy	O
is	O
directed	O
towards	O
more	O
early	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
emphasis	O
on	O
preventing	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
rather	O
than	O
replacing	O
lost	O
neurons	O
or	O
more	O
symptomatic	O
types	O
of	O
benefits	O
.	O


In	O
Stockholm	B-GPE
,	O
Sweden	B-GPE
Carolinska	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
neuroscientist	O
Lars	B-PERSON
Olson	I-PERSON
says	O
if	O
gene	O
delivery	O
works	O
well	O
in	O
people	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
Parkinson	O
's	O
treatment	O
yet	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
because	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
medication	O
and	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
cell	O
transplantation	O
either	O
.	O


It	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
treatment	O
that	O
you	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
only	O
once	O
or	O
perhaps	O
a	O
few	O
times	O
during	O
life	O
with	O
the	O
illness	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Olson	B-PERSON
says	O
the	O
treatment	O
might	O
also	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
other	O
brain	O
diseases	O
in	O
which	O
nerve	O
cells	O
degenerate	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
warns	O
of	O
a	O
major	O
hurdle	O
in	O
assuring	O
patients	O
get	O
the	O
proper	O
dose	O
of	O
gene	O
therapy	O
because	O
too	O
much	O
is	O
bad	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
over	O
-	O
stimulate	O
other	O
neighboring	O
dopamine	O
neurons	O
you	O
might	O
get	O
side	O
effects	O
similar	O
to	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
symptoms	O
seen	O
in	O
schizophrenia	O
for	O
instance	O
.	O


For	O
use	O
in	O
patients	O
one	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
system	O
where	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
delivered	O
gene	O
could	O
be	O
controlled	O
.	O


Jeffery	B-PERSON
Cooover	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
is	O
now	O
testing	O
ways	O
of	O
regulating	O
gene	O
delivery	O
in	O
monkeys	O
.	O


He	O
hopes	O
to	O
try	O
the	O
procedure	O
in	O
people	O
within	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
following	O
US	B-GPE
government	O
review	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
McAlary	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Deforest	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
been	O
wounded	O
in	O
violence	O
during	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
funerals	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


Stone	O
-	O
throwing	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
clashed	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
,	O
Saturday	B-DATE
as	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
mourners	O
gathered	O
for	O
burials	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
killed	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


There	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
shoot	O
-	O
out	O
between	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
militants	O
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
late	B-TIME
Saturday	I-TIME
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
town	O
of	O
Jeneme	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
guerillas	O
appeared	O
on	O
television	O
calling	O
on	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
to	O
carry	O
out	O
suicide	O
missions	O
against	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


Voters	O
in	O
strife	O
-	O
torn	O
Colombia	B-GPE
go	O
to	O
the	O
polls	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
local	O
elections	O
in	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
a	O
wave	O
of	O
violence	O
directed	O
by	O
armed	O
groups	O
of	O
the	O
left	O
and	O
the	O
right	O
against	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
candidates	O
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
's	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Rodgers	I-PERSON
has	O
a	O
report	O
from	O
our	O
South	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
bureau	O
.	O


Some	O
23	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Colombians	B-NORP
are	O
registered	O
to	O
vote	O
Sunday	B-DATE
to	O
elect	O
governors	O
,	O
mayors	O
and	O
other	O
local	O
officials	O
in	O
the	O
South	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
nation	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
election	O
is	O
taking	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
a	O
rising	O
wave	O
of	O
assassinations	O
,	O
kidnappings	O
and	O
threats	O
against	O
the	O
candidates	O
by	O
leftist	O
guerillas	O
and	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
paramilitary	O
groups	O
.	O


Twenty	B-CARDINAL
mayoral	O
candidates	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
kidnapped	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


Election	O
authorities	O
say	O
another	O
200	B-CARDINAL
politicians	O
withdrew	O
their	O
candidacies	O
after	O
being	O
threatened	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
these	O
armed	O
groups	O
are	O
reported	O
to	O
have	O
fielded	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
stealth	O
candidates	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
expand	O
its	O
control	O
of	O
Colombian	B-NORP
territory	O
.	O


Despite	O
the	O
violence	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
President	O
Andres	B-PERSON
Pastrana	I-PERSON
has	O
refused	O
to	O
suspend	O
Sunday	B-DATE
's	O
elections	O
vowing	O
they	O
will	O
take	O
place	O
throughout	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
democratic	O
atmosphere	O
.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Rodgers	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
South	B-FAC
America	I-FAC
Bureau	I-FAC
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
signed	O
into	O
law	O
a	O
bill	O
allowing	O
US	B-GPE
exports	O
of	O
food	O
and	O
medicine	O
to	O
Cuba	B-GPE
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
satisfied	O
with	O
the	O
measure	O
.	O


It	O
purports	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
export	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
products	O
to	O
Cuba	B-GPE
,	O
yet	O
it	O
makes	O
it	O
virtually	O
impossible	O
for	O
family	O
farmers	O
to	O
arrange	O
the	O
financing	O
that	O
enables	O
such	O
sales	O
to	O
take	O
place	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
law	O
bars	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
government	O
and	O
US	B-GPE
banks	O
from	O
providing	O
funds	O
for	O
such	O
exports	O
at	O
the	O
insistence	O
of	O
Cuba	B-GPE
's	O
congressional	O
critics	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
also	O
prevents	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
or	O
his	O
successor	O
from	O
easing	O
restrictions	O
on	O
travel	O
to	O
the	O
Communist	B-NORP
country	O
.	O


Dave	B-PERSON
,	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
been	O
wounded	O
in	O
violence	O
during	O
funerals	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
a	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
Hizbullah	B-ORG
guerillas	O
appeared	O
on	O
television	O
calling	O
on	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
to	O
carry	O
out	O
suicide	O
missions	O
against	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


Let	O
's	O
go	O
to	O
Russia	B-GPE
right	O
now	O
Joe	B-PERSON
,	O
where	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
who	O
still	O
remains	O
something	O
of	O
an	O
enigmatic	O
presence	O
in	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
political	O
scene	O
since	O
he	O
took	O
office	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
apparently	O
under	O
siege	O
yet	O
again	O
by	O
revelations	O
that	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
might	O
possibly	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
rescue	O
those	O
trapped	O
sailors	O
in	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
submarine	O
because	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
evidently	O
survived	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
apparent	O
that	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
military	O
suppressed	O
information	O
about	O
what	O
had	O
happened	O
or	O
even	O
distorted	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
singularly	O
slow	O
in	O
taking	O
up	O
offers	O
of	O
assistance	O
from	O
the	O
Norwegians	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
to	O
help	O
.	O


What	O
impact	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
this	O
new	O
revelation	O
has	O
on	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
political	O
stature	O
?	O


Oh	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
another	O
step	O
in	O
a	O
diminution	O
of	O
Putin	B-PERSON
.	O


I	O
think	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
things	O
have	O
happened	O
;	O


His	O
attempt	O
to	O
restore	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
Russia	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
great	O
power	O
has	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
backfired	O
generally	O
.	O


he	O
plunged	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
long	O
after	O
it	O
was	O
clear	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
finished	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
tried	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
strategic	O
relationship	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
India	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
this	O
I	O
think	O
has	O
reflected	O
in	O
a	O
much	O
more	O
dramatic	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
weakness	O
of	O
Putin	B-PERSON
.	O


After	O
all	O
,	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
remember	O
that	O
when	O
the	O
Kursk	O
went	O
down	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
on	O
vacation	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Black	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
and	O
did	O
n't	O
bother	O
even	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
to	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
let	O
alone	O
going	O
to	O
Mermonsk	B-GPE
at	O
the	O
scene	O
of	O
the	O
disaster	O
and	O
they	O
held	O
back	O
for	O
days	B-DATE
before	O
they	O
requested	O
help	O
from	O
Norwegian	B-NORP
and	O
British	B-NORP
experts	O
and	O
those	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
sense	O
that	O
it	O
may	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
disaster	O
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
,	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
thinking	O
in	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
performance	O
so	O
far	O
?	O


Very	O
disappointing	O
.	O


Putin	B-PERSON
,	O
it	O
's	O
clear	O
he	O
is	O
no	O
new	O
style	O
Democrat	B-NORP
,	O
to	O
put	O
it	O
mildly	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
still	O
behaves	O
like	O
a	O
KGB	B-ORG
operator	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
...	O
which	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
.	O


Yeah	O
,	O
for	O
many	O
,	O
many	O
years	O
at	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
,	O
than	O
a	O
President	O
of	O
a	O
country	O
trying	O
to	O
grapple	O
with	O
democracy	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
administration	O
it	O
was	O
hopeful	O
for	O
Boris	B-PERSON
Yeltsin	I-PERSON
and	O
then	O
it	O
got	O
disappointed	O
in	O
Yeltsin	B-PERSON
and	O
then	O
they	O
thought	O
that	O
reluctantly	O
Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
man	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
do	O
business	O
with	O
,	O
to	O
coin	O
former	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
of	O
Britain	B-GPE
Margaret	B-PERSON
Thatcher	I-PERSON
's	O
phrase	O
about	O
Mikhail	B-PERSON
Gorbachov	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
Putin	B-PERSON
is	O
disappointing	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
government	O
.	O


They	O
wo	O
n't	O
say	O
that	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
has	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
disappointment	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
agree	O
with	O
Joe	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
think	O
these	O
latest	O
revelations	O
that	O
23	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
on	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
survived	O
several	O
days	O
and	O
theoretically	O
might	O
have	O
been	O
saved	O
,	O
had	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
gotten	O
off	O
the	O
dime	O
and	O
asked	O
for	O
help	O
sooner	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
are	O
devastating	O
.	O


And	O
David	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
important	O
the	O
views	O
that	O
I	O
think	O
is	O
gaining	O
headway	O
in	O
the	O
Administration	O
and	O
voiced	O
generally	O
is	O
that	O
Putin	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
bureaucrat	O
and	O
he	O
runs	O
the	O
government	O
in	O
a	O
bureaucratic	O
kind	O
of	O
way	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
no	O
chance	O
whatever	O
of	O
rebuilding	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
economy	O
and	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
political	O
stability	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
a	O
continuing	O
decline	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
cards	O
for	O
Russia	B-GPE
under	O
his	O
leadership	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-LOC
Barent	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
,	O
divers	O
recovered	O
more	O
bodies	O
,	O
Sunday	B-DATE
from	O
the	O
undersea	O
wreckage	O
of	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
submarine	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
.	O


All	O
118	B-CARDINAL
seamen	O
on	O
the	O
sub	O
were	O
killed	O
after	O
it	O
was	O
shattered	O
by	O
two	B-CARDINAL
explosions	O
and	O
crashed	O
to	O
the	O
sea	O
floor	O
,	O
last	B-DATE
August	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
the	O
recovery	O
work	O
proceeded	O
,	O
a	O
memorial	O
ceremony	O
for	O
the	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
crew	O
was	O
held	O
Sunday	B-DATE
in	O
a	O
Russian	B-NORP
military	O
seaport	O
.	O


The	O
battered	O
US	B-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
destroyer	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
has	O
begun	O
its	O
journey	O
home	O
from	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
17	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
a	O
suspected	O
terrorist	O
bomb	O
tore	O
a	O
gapping	O
hole	O
in	O
its	O
side	O
.	O


The	O
attack	O
killed	O
17	B-CARDINAL
American	B-NORP
sailors	O
and	O
wounded	O
39	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Flanked	O
by	O
other	O
US	B-GPE
warships	O
and	O
guarded	O
by	O
aircraft	O
,	O
the	O
ship	O
was	O
towed	O
out	O
of	O
Aden	B-FAC
Harbor	I-FAC
to	O
rendezvous	O
with	O
a	O
huge	O
Norwegian	B-NORP
transport	O
vessel	O
that	O
will	O
carry	O
the	O
crippled	O
ship	O
back	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Local	O
elections	O
took	O
place	O
peacefully	O
across	O
Colombia	B-GPE
on	O
Sunday	B-DATE
despite	O
violence	O
that	O
had	O
marred	O
the	O
run	O
-	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
elections	O
.	O


Colombians	B-NORP
voted	O
for	O
candidates	O
for	O
governors	O
,	O
mayors	O
and	O
town	O
council	O
members	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
independents	O
challenging	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
traditional	O
political	O
parties	O
.	O


Vordis	B-PERSON
Navaro	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
the	O
capital	O
Bogota	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
voting	O
comes	O
after	O
several	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
increased	O
tensions	O
with	O
21	B-CARDINAL
candidates	O
killed	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
withdrawing	O
from	O
the	O
elections	O
citing	O
intimidation	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
alone	O
,	O
both	O
rebel	O
and	O
paramilitary	O
groups	O
kidnapped	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
political	O
officials	O
or	O
candidates	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
to	O
influence	O
the	O
democratic	O
process	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
launched	O
a	O
massive	O
security	O
operation	O
to	O
counter	O
the	O
violence	O
.	O


Some	O
150,000	B-CARDINAL
soldiers	O
and	O
police	O
were	O
deployed	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
to	O
stop	O
any	O
possible	O
disruptions	O
.	O


Voters	O
were	O
being	O
checked	O
before	O
being	O
allowed	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
voting	O
areas	O
and	O
police	O
were	O
patrolling	O
around	O
polling	O
stations	O
.	O


The	O
security	O
measures	O
seem	O
to	O
have	O
worked	O
.	O


Polls	O
closed	O
a	O
few	O
incidents	O
of	O
trouble	O
reported	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
ever	O
some	O
Colombians	B-NORP
voted	O
in	O
a	O
zone	O
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
leftist	O
insurgents	O
waging	O
a	O
36	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
war	O
on	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


The	O
Colombian	B-NORP
rebels	O
considered	O
the	O
political	O
system	O
illegitimate	O
but	O
the	O
Revolutionary	B-ORG
Armed	I-ORG
Forces	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Colombia	I-ORG
or	O
Farc	B-ORG
allowed	O
the	O
elections	O
to	O
proceed	O
nevertheless	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
charges	O
that	O
the	O
leftist	O
rebels	O
stole	O
ballots	O
caused	O
election	O
officials	O
to	O
void	O
voting	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
Farc	B-ORG
-	O
controlled	O
areas	O
and	O
the	O
mayoral	O
candidate	O
openly	O
backed	O
by	O
the	O
Farc	B-ORG
in	O
the	O
rebel	O
stronghold	O
of	O
lost	O
to	O
an	O
independent	O
candidate	O
.	O


The	O
nationwide	O
local	O
elections	O
are	O
a	O
test	O
for	O
Colombians	B-NORP
'	O
two	B-CARDINAL
traditional	O
parties	O
the	O
Liberals	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Conservatives	B-NORP
.	O


They	O
are	O
increasingly	O
blamed	O
for	O
Colombia	B-GPE
's	O
woes	O
and	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
candidates	O
who	O
won	O
in	O
major	O
areas	O
are	O
independent	O
of	O
those	O
political	O
parties	O
.	O


But	O
beyond	O
the	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
seats	O
up	O
for	O
grabs	O
,	O
leaders	O
say	O
the	O
Colombia	B-GPE
's	O
embattled	O
democratic	O
system	O
is	O
at	O
stake	O
.	O


Colombia	B-GPE
has	O
one	O
of	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
strongest	O
electoral	O
traditions	O
and	O
little	O
history	O
of	O
military	O
coups	O
but	O
fighting	O
between	O
rival	O
paramilitary	O
groups	O
,	O
government	O
troops	O
and	O
rebel	O
groups	O
has	O
left	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
dead	O
and	O
forced	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
to	O
flee	O
their	O
homes	O
.	O


Vordis	B-PERSON
Navaro	I-PERSON
for	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Bogota	B-GPE
.	O


Welcome	O
to	O
another	O
hour	B-TIME
of	O
news	O
and	O
information	O
on	O
The	B-ORG
Voice	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
.	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Chadwick	I-PERSON
with	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
now	O
.	O


In	O
what	O
diplomats	O
call	O
a	O
historic	O
move	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
,	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
approved	O
a	O
resolution	O
which	O
was	O
jointly	O
sponsored	O
by	O
the	O
governments	O
of	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
's	O
Breck	B-PERSON
Ardery	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
the	O
UN	B-FAC
.	O


The	O
resolution	O
hails	O
last	B-DATE
June	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
summit	O
meeting	O
between	O
the	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Koreas	B-GPE
and	O
encourages	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
to	O
lay	O
a	O
solid	O
foundation	O
for	O
the	O
peaceful	O
reunification	O
of	O
Korea	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
resolution	O
was	O
a	O
collaboration	O
involving	O
North	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
Ambassador	O
Li	B-PERSON
Hyong	I-PERSON
Chow	I-PERSON
and	O
Ambassador	O
Sung	B-PERSON
Chul	I-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
of	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
and	O
was	O
co-sponsored	O
by	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
150	I-CARDINAL
other	O
nations	O
.	O


Support	O
for	O
the	O
resolution	O
was	O
so	O
overwhelming	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
adopted	O
by	O
consensus	O
without	O
a	O
vote	O
.	O


Ambassador	O
Sung	B-PERSON
told	O
reporters	O
the	O
resolution	O
was	O
truly	O
historic	O
because	O
it	O
changes	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
from	O
an	O
arena	O
of	O
confrontation	O
on	O
Korea	B-GPE
to	O
one	O
of	O
co-operation	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
sense	O
,	O
the	O
reintroduction	O
of	O
the	O
Korean	B-NORP
issue	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
signifies	O
a	O
crucially	O
important	O
turn	O
-	O
around	O
of	O
the	O
history	O
in	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
and	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
and	O
fresh	O
start	O
toward	O
genuine	O
peace	O
on	O
the	B-LOC
Korean	I-LOC
Peninsula	I-LOC
.	O


In	O
a	O
statement	O
on	O
the	O
resolution	O
,	O
the	O
North	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
government	O
said	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
action	O
indicates	O
firm	O
support	O
of	O
all	O
member	O
states	O
for	O
peace	O
,	O
security	O
,	O
and	O
reunification	O
of	O
Korea	B-GPE
.	O


On	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
reunification	O
,	O
South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
Ambassador	O
Sung	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
while	O
it	O
is	O
something	O
to	O
aspire	O
to	O
,	O
reunification	O
will	O
probably	O
take	O
years	B-DATE
to	O
achieve	O
.	O


Breck	B-PERSON
Ardery	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-FAC
United	I-FAC
Nations	I-FAC
.	O


Major	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
baseball	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
National	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
champion	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Mets	I-ORG
fortified	O
their	O
teams	O
'	O
leadership	O
on	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
by	O
resigning	O
Manager	O
Bobby	B-PERSON
Valentine	I-PERSON
and	O
General	O
Manager	O
Steve	B-PERSON
Phillips	I-PERSON
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
Mets	B-ORG
'	O
owners	O
,	O
Nelson	B-PERSON
Doubleday	I-PERSON
told	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
newspaper	O
that	O
Valentine	B-PERSON
's	O
contract	O
was	O
for	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
at	O
$	B-MONEY
7.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
and	O
with	O
Phillips	B-PERSON
was	O
for	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
at	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
fifty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Valentine	B-PERSON
replaced	O
Dallas	B-PERSON
Green	I-PERSON
as	O
the	O
Mets	B-ORG
'	O
manager	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
26th	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1996	I-DATE
.	O


Since	O
then	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
led	O
the	O
team	O
to	O
four	B-CARDINAL
consecutive	O
winning	O
seasons	O
,	O
including	O
back	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
back	O
post-season	O
berths	O
and	O
the	O
franchise	O
's	O
first	O
trip	O
to	O
the	B-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Series	I-EVENT
in	O
14	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Valentine	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
knew	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
stay	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


We	O
think	O
after	O
the	O
last	O
game	O
when	O
Mike	B-PERSON
and	O
Fonse	B-PERSON
and	O
Alan	B-PERSON
John	I-PERSON
amongst	O
the	O
others	O
,	O
came	O
in	O
and	O
literally	O
asked	O
me	O
to	O
stay	O
,	O
that	O
I	O
knew	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
probably	O
could	O
have	O
offered	O
a	O
lot	O
less	O
,	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
stay	O
.	O


Valentine	B-PERSON
had	O
been	O
under	O
contract	O
through	O
midnight	B-TIME
Tuesday	I-TIME
,	O
while	O
Phillips	B-PERSON
was	O
under	O
contract	O
through	O
December	B-DATE
.	O


By	O
resigning	O
Valentine	B-PERSON
before	O
his	O
contract	O
expired	O
,	O
the	O
Mets	B-ORG
avoided	O
a	O
bidding	O
war	O
for	O
his	O
services	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Cincinnati	I-ORG
Reds	I-ORG
had	O
expressed	O
an	O
interest	O
in	O
him	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Los	I-ORG
Angeles	I-ORG
Dodgers	I-ORG
,	O
Philadelphia	B-ORG
Phillies	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Toronto	B-ORG
Blue	I-ORG
Jays	I-ORG
are	O
also	O
without	O
managers	O
.	O


The	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
denies	O
US	B-GPE
warships	O
are	O
steering	O
clear	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Suez	I-LOC
Canal	I-LOC
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
the	O
apparent	O
terrorist	O
bombing	O
of	O
the	O
destroyer	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
although	O
none	O
has	O
used	O
the	O
canal	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
attack	O
on	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
's	O
Alex	B-PERSON
Belida	I-PERSON
reports	O
security	O
along	O
the	O
Suez	B-LOC
is	O
being	O
re-evaluated	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
US	B-GPE
forces	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
gulf	O
countries	O
have	O
been	O
put	O
on	O
alert	O
against	O
possible	O
terrorist	O
action	O
.	O


Pentagon	B-ORG
spokesman	O
Ken	B-PERSON
Baken	I-PERSON
,	O
says	O
US	B-GPE
forces	O
in	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
and	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
have	O
now	O
been	O
placed	O
on	O
threat	O
condition	O
delta	O
,	O
the	O
highest	O
state	O
of	O
alert	O
.	O


The	O
move	O
ordered	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
follows	O
the	O
earlier	O
decision	O
to	O
place	O
US	B-GPE
forces	O
in	O
Bahrain	B-GPE
and	O
Qatar	B-GPE
on	O
the	O
same	O
delta	O
status	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
terrorist	O
threats	O
.	O


US	B-GPE
forces	O
in	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
harbor	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
were	O
elevated	O
to	O
delta	O
immediately	O
following	O
the	O
deadly	O
October	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE
terrorist	O
bombing	O
of	O
US	B-GPE
destroyer	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
.	O


Mr.	O
Baken	B-PERSON
says	O
the	O
heightened	O
alert	O
in	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
and	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
,	O
affects	O
some	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
US	B-GPE
military	O
personnel	O
in	O
those	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
it	O
was	O
ordered	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
he	O
termed	O
credible	O
threats	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
says	O
no	O
targets	O
were	O
specified	O
.	O


The	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
spokesman	O
is	O
meanwhile	O
disputing	O
news	O
reports	O
saying	O
the	B-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
has	O
decided	O
to	O
order	O
US	B-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
ships	O
to	O
temporarily	O
stop	O
using	O
the	B-LOC
Suez	I-LOC
Canal	I-LOC
out	O
of	O
fear	O
of	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Baken	B-PERSON
says	O
no	O
such	O
instructions	O
have	O
been	O
given	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
acknowledges	O
security	O
along	O
the	O
canal	O
is	O
being	O
constantly	O
evaluated	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
evaluating	O
with	O
the	O
Egyptians	B-NORP
.	O


Obviously	O
,	O
the	O
security	O
situation	O
in	O
the	O
canal	O
,	O
we	O
do	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
Egyptians	B-NORP
we	O
both	O
have	O
a	O
very	O
fundamental	O
interest	O
in	O
keeping	O
the	O
canal	O
secure	O
.	O


No	O
US	B-GPE
ships	O
have	O
transited	O
through	O
the	O
canal	O
since	O
before	O
the	O
October	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE
attack	O
on	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
destroyer	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
in	O
Aden	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
Mr.	O
Baken	B-PERSON
says	O
no	O
ships	O
were	O
scheduled	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
trip	O
for	O
several	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
badly	O
damaged	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
has	O
been	O
towed	O
out	O
of	O
Aden	B-FAC
Harbor	I-FAC
and	O
is	O
being	O
loaded	O
aboard	O
a	O
Norwegian	B-NORP
owned	O
heavy	O
lift	O
ship	O
called	O
the	B-PRODUCT
Blue	I-PRODUCT
Merlin	I-PRODUCT
.	O


Mr.	O
Baken	B-PERSON
,	O
says	O
no	O
decision	O
has	O
yet	O
been	O
made	O
on	O
the	O
route	O
the	B-PRODUCT
Blue	I-PRODUCT
Merlin	I-PRODUCT
will	O
take	O
to	O
return	O
the	O
destroyer	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
for	O
repairs	O
.	O


Alex	B-PERSON
Belida	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
.	O


Egypt	B-GPE
says	O
runoff	O
elections	O
will	O
be	O
needed	O
for	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
134	B-CARDINAL
seats	O
contested	O
in	O
last	B-DATE
Sunday	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
second	B-ORDINAL
round	O
of	O
parliamentary	O
voting	O
.	O


Dave	B-PERSON
Gavlak	I-PERSON
reports	O
the	O
opposition	O
is	O
not	O
happy	O
at	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
having	O
to	O
re-fight	O
so	O
many	O
seats	O
.	O


Fire	O
bombing	O
and	O
rioting	O
by	O
opposition	O
forces	O
greeted	O
the	O
news	O
of	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
Egypt	B-GPE
's	O
secondary	B-ORDINAL
round	O
of	O
parliamentary	O
elections	O
.	O


Security	O
officials	O
reported	O
that	O
an	O
independent	O
candidate	O
and	O
25	B-CARDINAL
supporters	O
have	O
been	O
arrested	O
for	O
throwing	O
molitoff	O
cocktails	O
at	O
a	O
vote	O
counting	O
tent	O
in	O
Shakia	B-GPE
province	O
,	O
north	O
east	O
of	O
Cairo	B-GPE
.	O


Supporters	O
of	O
another	O
independent	O
in	O
the	O
Nile	B-LOC
Delta	I-LOC
city	O
of	O
Mansura	B-GPE
,	O
attacked	O
homes	O
and	O
threw	O
stones	O
at	O
a	O
police	O
station	O
and	O
a	O
clinic	O
.	O


Officials	O
said	O
police	O
arrested	O
40	B-CARDINAL
people	O
after	O
the	O
incidents	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
security	O
forces	O
also	O
arrested	O
36	B-CARDINAL
supporters	O
of	O
the	O
outlawed	O
Muslim	B-ORG
Brotherhood	I-ORG
after	O
election	O
-	O
related	O
violence	O
erupted	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Nile	B-LOC
Delta	I-LOC
towns	O
of	O
Abulkabir	B-GPE
and	O
Sandup	B-GPE
.	O


Officials	O
said	O
the	O
crowd	O
burnt	O
tires	O
and	O
threw	O
stones	O
.	O


The	O
officials	O
also	O
charged	O
that	O
some	O
Muslim	B-ORG
Brotherhood	I-ORG
supporters	O
tried	O
to	O
snatch	O
ballot	O
boxes	O
from	O
judges	O
supervising	O
the	O
elections	O
.	O


Police	O
said	O
they	O
responded	O
by	O
using	O
water	O
cannons	O
and	O
tear	O
gas	O
.	O


Election	O
officials	O
say	O
Egypt	B-GPE
's	O
ruling	O
National	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
and	O
independents	O
each	O
won	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
parliamentary	O
seats	O
outright	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Interior	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
the	O
remaining	O
116	B-CARDINAL
places	O
will	O
be	O
decided	O
in	O
runoff	O
polls	O
on	O
Saturday	B-DATE
between	O
the	O
top	O
two	B-CARDINAL
finishers	O
for	O
each	O
seat	O
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
round	O
of	O
voting	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
governorates	O
or	O
administrative	O
districts	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Egypt	B-GPE
is	O
carrying	O
out	O
a	O
three	B-CARDINAL
phase	O
election	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
recent	O
decision	O
to	O
have	O
judges	O
monitor	O
polling	O
stations	O
in	O
a	O
bid	O
to	O
avoid	O
vote	O
rigging	O
.	O


The	O
country	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
enough	O
judicial	O
representatives	O
to	O
hold	O
the	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
election	O
.	O


None	O
of	O
the	O
27	B-CARDINAL
nominally	O
independent	O
candidates	O
backed	O
by	O
the	O
banned	O
Muslim	B-ORG
Brotherhood	I-ORG
won	O
seats	O
in	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
of	O
voting	O
so	O
far	O
.	O


The	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
carried	O
out	O
a	O
vigorous	O
crack	O
-	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
Islamist	B-NORP
group	O
,	O
which	O
says	O
it	O
takes	O
peaceful	O
means	O
to	O
bring	O
about	O
an	O
Islamic	B-NORP
government	O
.	O


President	O
Hosni	B-PERSON
Mubarak	I-PERSON
's	O
ruling	O
party	O
now	O
controls	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
127	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
444	B-CARDINAL
parliamentary	O
seats	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Muslim	I-ORG
Brotherhood	I-ORG
has	O
won	O
six	B-CARDINAL
,	O
legal	O
opposition	O
parties	O
control	O
four	B-CARDINAL
and	O
other	O
independent	O
candidates	O
have	O
cornered	O
29	B-CARDINAL
,	O
but	O
these	O
numbers	O
are	O
subject	O
to	O
change	O
as	O
some	O
independent	O
winners	O
pledged	O
their	O
loyalty	O
to	O
President	B-PERSON
Mubarak	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
party	O
.	O


The	O
Brotherhood	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
two	B-CARDINAL
candidates	O
in	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
stages	O
of	O
voting	O
.	O


The	O
group	O
has	O
accused	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
harassing	O
and	O
intimidating	O
its	O
candidates	O
and	O
supporters	O
.	O


The	O
final	O
stage	O
of	O
voting	O
is	O
scheduled	O
for	O
November	B-DATE
8	I-DATE
and	O
includes	O
the	O
capital	O
Cairo	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
new	O
legislature	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
convene	O
in	O
mid	B-DATE
December	I-DATE
.	O


Dale	B-PERSON
Gavlack	I-PERSON
for	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Cairo	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Coller	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
called	O
his	O
cabinet	O
into	O
special	O
session	O
late	B-TIME
Wednesday	I-TIME
,	O
to	O
discuss	O
what	O
he	O
called	O
a	O
grave	O
escalation	O
of	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
violence	O
in	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territory	O
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
came	O
after	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
and	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
on	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
.	O


In	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
acting	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Shalome	B-PERSON
Ben	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
called	O
the	O
situation	O
extremely	O
grave	O
.	O


,	O
let	O
us	O
call	O
it	O
a	O
war	O
or	O
if	O
you	O
prefer	O
,	O
a	O
mini	O
war	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
war	O
in	O
many	O
senses	O
and	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
are	O
shooting	O
at	O
our	O
soldiers	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
address	O
this	O
issue	O
not	O
as	O
a	O
civilian	O
uprising	O
,	O
but	O
as	O
a	O
military	O
confrontation	O
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
160	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
is	O
requesting	O
more	O
co-operation	O
from	O
Yemen	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
terrorist	O
attack	O
on	O
the	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
that	O
killed	O
17	B-CARDINAL
US	B-GPE
sailors	O
.	O


US	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
spokesman	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Boucher	I-PERSON
said	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
wants	O
complete	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
findings	O
of	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
investigators	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
written	O
to	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
President	O
Ali	B-PERSON
Abdullah	I-PERSON
Saleh	I-PERSON
requesting	O
increased	O
co-operation	O
into	O
the	O
investigation	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
attack	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
voted	O
late	B-TIME
Wednesday	I-TIME
on	O
membership	O
for	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
.	O


Assembly	B-ORG
President	O
Harri	B-PERSON
Holkeri	I-PERSON
announced	O
that	O
the	O
vote	O
in	O
favor	O
was	O
by	O
acclamation	O
.	O


I	O
therefore	O
declare	O
the	B-GPE
Federal	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Yugoslavia	I-GPE
admitted	O
to	O
membership	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nation	I-ORG
.	O


US	B-GPE
Ambassador	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Holbrooke	I-PERSON
said	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
elections	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
proved	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
was	O
ready	O
to	O
rejoin	O
the	O
nations	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


We	O
congratulate	O
President	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
on	O
his	O
leadership	O
in	O
bringing	O
peaceful	O
and	O
democratic	O
change	O
to	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
congratulate	O
his	O
colleagues	O
in	O
the	O
brave	O
democracy	O
movement	O
that	O
brought	O
the	O
will	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
power	O
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
world	O
body	O
head	O
declared	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
UN	B-ORG
seat	O
vacant	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
after	O
former	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
came	O
to	O
power	O
.	O


Hello	O
again	O
and	O
welcome	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
David	B-PERSON
Chadwick	I-PERSON
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
helicopter	O
gunships	O
were	O
pressed	O
into	O
service	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
as	O
gun	O
battles	O
with	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
erupted	O
on	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
near	O
Bethlehem	B-GPE
and	O
at	O
the	O
border	O
crossing	O
into	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
Palestinian	B-NORP
demonstrators	O
and	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
were	O
killed	O
.	O


Both	O
sides	O
reported	O
many	O
injured	O
.	O


Against	O
that	O
bloody	O
backdrop	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
diplomatic	O
efforts	O
to	O
call	O
a	O
ceasefire	O
,	O
but	O
after	O
a	O
Washington	B-GPE
meeting	O
with	O
US	B-GPE
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Madeleine	B-PERSON
Albright	I-PERSON
,	O
acting	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Shlomo	B-PERSON
Ben	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
said	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
civilian	O
uprising	O
as	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
claim	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
military	O
confrontation	O
,	O
a	O
mini	O
war	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
put	O
it	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiator	O
Sayeb	B-PERSON
Erekat	I-PERSON
is	O
expected	O
to	O
meet	O
separately	O
with	O
Mrs.	O
Albright	B-PERSON
and	O
UN	B-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
,	O
later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
former	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
met	O
with	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
with	O
whom	O
he	O
once	O
shared	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Nobel	I-WORK_OF_ART
Peace	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
's	O
Laurie	B-PERSON
Cassman	I-PERSON
reports	O
there	O
apparently	O
was	O
no	O
breakthrough	O
.	O


The	O
Peres	B-PERSON
-	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
meeting	O
lasted	O
for	O
about	B-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
but	O
neither	O
man	O
had	O
any	O
comments	O
on	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
the	O
discussions	O
.	O


Earlier	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
evening	I-TIME
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
said	O
he	O
was	O
sending	O
Mr.	O
Peres	B-PERSON
with	O
a	O
message	O
to	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
to	O
end	O
the	O
violence	O
now	O
.	O


For	O
his	O
part	O
,	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
officials	O
say	O
Mr.	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
wanted	O
to	O
call	O
on	O
Mr.	O
Peres	B-PERSON
to	O
get	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
to	O
stop	O
the	O
fighting	O
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
took	O
place	O
after	O
an	O
afternoon	B-TIME
and	O
evening	B-TIME
of	O
fierce	O
clashes	O
between	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
military	O
and	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
in	O
several	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
towns	O
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
and	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
including	O
one	B-CARDINAL
policeman	O
were	O
killed	O
in	O
separate	O
clashes	O
.	O


After	O
an	O
emergency	O
meeting	O
with	O
his	O
security	O
advisors	O
Wednesday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Barak	B-PERSON
warned	O
of	O
a	O
tough	O
response	O
if	O
the	O
violence	O
continues	O
.	O


The	O
Army	B-ORG
will	O
act	O
firmly	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
but	O
without	O
being	O
drawn	O
into	O
adventurism	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
media	O
says	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
warned	O
to	O
evacuate	O
its	O
broadcasting	O
facility	O
.	O


Radio	O
says	O
military	O
commanders	O
have	O
provided	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
with	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
targets	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
word	O
of	O
caution	O
against	O
what	O
he	O
calls	O
adventurism	O
indicates	O
heightened	O
Israeli	B-NORP
sensitivity	O
to	O
international	O
accusations	O
of	O
an	O
exaggerated	O
use	O
of	O
force	O
against	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Chief	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiator	O
Sayeb	B-PERSON
Erekat	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
was	O
prevented	O
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
security	O
from	O
leaving	O
his	O
home	O
in	O
Jericho	B-GPE
because	O
of	O
the	O
fighting	O
there	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
combat	O
helicopters	O
are	O
reported	O
to	O
have	O
hit	O
a	O
hotel	O
and	O
casino	O
in	O
Jericho	B-GPE
and	O
a	O
building	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Erekat	B-PERSON
is	O
due	O
to	O
travel	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
to	O
meet	O
with	O
US	B-GPE
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Madeleine	B-PERSON
Albright	I-PERSON
and	O
other	O
US	B-GPE
officials	O
attempting	O
to	O
win	O
a	O
ceasefire	O
.	O


Mrs.	O
Albright	B-PERSON
has	O
already	O
met	O
with	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
acting	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
.	O


Laurie	B-PERSON
Cassman	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Amnesty	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
says	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
military	O
tactics	O
exhibit	O
a	O
pattern	O
of	O
gross	O
human	O
rights	O
violations	O
that	O
could	O
constitute	O
war	O
crimes	O
.	O


A	O
London	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
human	O
rights	O
organizations	O
says	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
use	O
of	O
tanks	O
and	O
helicopters	O
is	O
far	O
out	O
of	O
proportion	O
to	O
the	O
threat	O
posed	O
by	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
stone	O
throwers	O
.	O


Amnesty	B-ORG
also	O
criticized	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
for	O
attacking	O
Israeli	B-NORP
civilians	O
and	O
said	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
is	O
not	O
doing	O
enough	O
to	O
keep	O
children	O
away	O
.	O


United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
has	O
restored	O
full	O
membership	O
to	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
it	O
lost	O
its	O
voting	O
rights	O
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
's	O
Breck	B-PERSON
Ardery	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
the	O
UN	B-FAC
.	O


The	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
enthusiastically	O
approved	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
membership	O
by	O
acclamation	O
after	O
receiving	O
a	O
positive	O
recommendation	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
.	O


Assembly	B-ORG
President	O
Harry	B-PERSON
Holkerry	I-PERSON
made	O
the	O
official	O
announcement	O
.	O


I	O
therefore	O
declare	O
the	B-GPE
Federal	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Yugoslavia	I-GPE
admitted	O
to	O
membership	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nation	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
action	O
ends	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
isolation	O
of	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
at	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


When	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
began	O
breaking	O
up	O
in	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
stripped	O
the	O
nation	O
of	O
its	O
voting	O
rights	O
and	O
ruled	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
must	O
reapply	O
for	O
UN	B-ORG
membership	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
never	O
did	O
until	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
when	O
the	O
new	O
democratically	O
elected	O
President	O
of	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
sent	O
a	O
formal	O
request	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


US	B-GPE
Ambassador	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Holbrooke	I-PERSON
said	O
,	O
President	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
is	O
to	O
be	O
congratulated	O
.	O


We	O
congratulate	O
President	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
on	O
his	O
leadership	O
in	O
bringing	O
peaceful	O
and	O
democratic	O
change	O
to	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
congratulate	O
his	O
colleagues	O
in	O
the	O
brave	O
democracy	O
movement	O
that	O
brought	O
the	O
will	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
power	O
in	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
.	O


President	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
has	O
sent	O
a	O
special	O
envoy	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
,	O
Goran	B-PERSON
Slevonovich	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
told	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
the	O
new	O
government	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
will	O
work	O
with	O
its	O
neighbors	O
to	O
overcome	O
problems	O
.	O


To	O
that	O
end	O
,	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
a	O
trustful	O
neighbor	O
and	O
a	O
conscientious	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
and	O
will	O
invest	O
its	O
best	O
efforts	O
to	O
promote	O
peace	O
and	O
stability	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
worldwide	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Slevonovich	B-PERSON
also	O
thanked	O
those	O
nations	O
that	O
supported	O
the	O
democratic	O
movement	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
in	O
what	O
he	O
called	O
a	O
hard	O
and	O
often	O
uphill	O
battle	O
.	O


Breck	B-PERSON
Ardery	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
United	I-FAC
Nations	I-FAC
.	O


In	O
other	O
news	O
,	O
amazon.com	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
leading	O
US	B-GPE
online	O
retailer	O
,	O
is	O
looking	O
to	O
tap	O
into	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
multibillion	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
e-commerce	O
market	O
.	O


Amazon	B-ORG
unveiled	O
its	O
Japanese	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
website	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
feature	O
1.7	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Japanese	B-LANGUAGE
and	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
book	O
titles	O
.	O


Amazon	B-ORG
plans	O
to	O
expand	O
its	O
product	O
line	O
some	O
time	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
is	O
Amazon	B-ORG
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
retail	O
venture	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
its	O
first	B-ORDINAL
website	O
outside	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Elaine	B-PERSON
Johanneson	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
news	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Afghanistan	B-GPE
's	O
Taliban	B-ORG
faction	O
and	O
the	O
opposition	O
Northern	B-ORG
Alliance	I-ORG
have	O
agreed	O
to	O
peace	O
talks	O
sponsored	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
UN	B-ORG
special	O
envoy	O
for	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
Franchesco	B-PERSON
Bendrel	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
world	O
body	O
has	O
received	O
separate	O
letters	O
from	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
,	O
pledging	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
negotiations	O
with	O
serious	O
intent	O
and	O
to	O
not	O
abandon	O
the	O
process	O
unilaterally	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bendrel	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
hopes	O
to	O
begin	O
the	O
talks	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
probably	O
by	O
shuttling	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
delegations	O
at	O
first	B-ORDINAL
.	O


If	O
the	O
talks	O
go	O
well	O
,	O
they	O
would	O
then	O
move	O
to	O
indirect	O
talks	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
city	O
and	O
finally	O
face	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	O
negotiations	O
.	O


In	O
Major	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
Baseball	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Cincinnati	I-ORG
Reds	I-ORG
have	O
hired	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Boon	I-PERSON
as	O
their	O
new	O
manager	O
,	O
after	O
two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
candidates	O
turned	O
down	O
their	O
650,000	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
contract	O
offer	O
.	O


Boon	B-PERSON
managed	O
the	B-ORG
Kansas	I-ORG
City	I-ORG
Royals	I-ORG
between	O
1995	B-DATE
and	O
1997	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
became	O
the	O
leading	O
candidate	O
after	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Yankees	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
third	B-ORDINAL
base	O
coach	O
Willy	B-PERSON
Randoff	I-PERSON
and	O
Reds	B-ORG
'	O
third	B-ORDINAL
base	O
coach	O
Ron	B-PERSON
Oster	I-PERSON
refused	O
Cincinnati	B-ORG
's	O
offer	O
.	O


He	O
replaces	O
Jack	B-PERSON
McCaine	I-PERSON
who	O
was	O
fired	O
after	O
the	O
Reds	B-ORG
failed	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
post-season	O
despite	O
adding	O
slugger	O
Ken	B-PERSON
Greffy	I-PERSON
Junior	I-PERSON
to	O
their	O
lineup	O
.	O


Boon	B-PERSON
said	O
Friday	B-DATE
he	O
believes	O
the	O
Reds	B-ORG
can	O
compete	O
with	O
any	O
team	O
in	O
their	O
division	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
compete	O
with	O
several	O
teams	O
in	O
our	O
division	O
from	O
a	O
financial	O
standpoint	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
really	O
believe	O
we	O
can	O
compete	O
with	O
them	O
on	O
the	O
field	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
where	O
it	O
all	O
comes	O
down	O
to	O
and	O
I	O
'm	O
just	O
excited	O
to	O
get	O
going	O
.	O


I	O
wish	O
spring	O
training	O
started	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
Reds	B-ORG
were	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
of	O
six	B-CARDINAL
Major	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
teams	O
to	O
fire	O
their	O
managers	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
the	O
last	O
to	O
fill	O
the	O
vacancy	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
contract	O
offer	O
.	O


Clashes	O
between	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
have	O
followed	O
Friday	B-DATE
prayers	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
,	O
even	O
as	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
take	O
steps	O
to	O
end	O
five	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
violence	O
.	O


In	O
Friday	B-DATE
's	O
violence	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
by	O
gunfire	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
a	O
number	O
were	O
wounded	O
in	O
other	O
clashes	O
.	O


The	O
top	O
advisor	O
to	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
acknowledged	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
is	O
making	O
efforts	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
truce	O
even	O
as	O
attacks	O
against	O
Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
continued	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Coler	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
announced	O
,	O
Sunday	B-DATE
that	O
President	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
will	O
meet	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
next	B-DATE
Sunday	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
spokesman	O
said	O
the	O
talks	O
will	O
be	O
held	O
separately	O
and	O
their	O
goal	O
is	O
the	O
ending	O
of	O
violence	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


Sporadic	O
clashes	O
continued	O
Sunday	B-DATE
in	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
.	O


With	O
just	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
left	O
until	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
presidential	O
election	O
,	O
both	O
major	O
party	O
candidates	O
campaigned	O
in	O
regions	O
that	O
could	O
go	O
either	O
way	O
.	O


Republican	B-NORP
candidate	O
George	B-PERSON
W	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
campaigned	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
state	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
population	O
of	O
retired	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
need	O
your	O
help	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
this	O
campaign	O
,	O
I	O
need	O
you	O
all	O
to	O
work	O
your	O
neighborhoods	O
and	O
talk	O
to	O
your	O
friends	O
and	O
turn	O
out	O
to	O
vote	O
.	O


And	O
while	O
Democratic	B-NORP
candidate	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
campaigned	O
in	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
,	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
campaigned	O
for	O
him	O
in	O
Arkansas	B-GPE
,	O
another	O
state	O
where	O
the	O
election	O
is	O
too	O
close	O
to	O
call	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
kind	O
of	O
like	O
having	O
safer	O
streets	O
and	O
a	O
cleaner	O
environment	O
,	O
and	O
knowing	O
your	O
national	O
government	O
is	O
supporting	O
school	O
reforms	O
at	O
work	O
and	O
helping	O
more	O
people	O
get	O
access	O
to	O
health	O
care	O
while	O
we	O
grow	O
the	O
economy	O
,	O
you	O
got	O
to	O
vote	O
for	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
and	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
also	O
said	O
that	O
Arkansas	B-GPE
could	O
even	O
determine	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
the	O
election	O
nationally	O
.	O


In	O
Egypt	B-GPE
,	O
President	O
Hosni	B-PERSON
Mubarak	I-PERSON
's	O
ruling	O
party	O
is	O
claiming	O
victory	O
in	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
rounds	O
of	O
voting	O
in	O
parliamentary	O
elections	O
,	O
but	O
as	O
VOA	B-ORG
's	O
Scott	B-PERSON
Bob	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Cairo	B-GPE
,	O
Islamic	B-NORP
candidates	O
also	O
made	O
significant	O
gains	O
accompanied	O
by	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
election	O
's	O
worst	O
violence	O
.	O


Results	O
from	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
rounds	O
of	O
the	O
elections	O
give	O
Egypt	B-GPE
's	O
ruling	O
National	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
224	B-CARDINAL
seats	O
in	O
the	O
next	O
assembly	O
.	O


The	O
Party	B-ORG
gained	O
dozens	O
of	O
additional	O
seats	O
Sunday	B-DATE
when	O
independent	O
candidates	O
pledged	O
allegiance	O
after	O
winning	O
their	O
races	O
.	O


These	O
candidates	O
had	O
run	O
as	O
independents	O
after	O
they	O
were	O
passed	O
over	O
in	O
the	O
nomination	O
process	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
candidates	O
of	O
the	O
banned	O
Muslim	B-ORG
Brotherhood	I-ORG
have	O
won	O
15	B-CARDINAL
seats	O
in	O
the	O
next	O
parliament	O
;	O
up	O
from	O
one	B-CARDINAL
seat	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
elections	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Islamist	B-NORP
candidates	O
run	O
as	O
independents	O
because	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
law	O
prohibits	O
political	O
parties	O
based	O
on	O
religion	O
.	O


Legal	O
opposition	O
parties	O
including	O
the	O
Waft	B-ORG
or	O
Liberal	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
leftist	O
Stagamo	B-ORG
and	O
Nascist	B-ORG
parties	O
have	O
won	O
10	B-CARDINAL
seats	O
so	O
far	O
in	O
the	O
parliament	O
.	O


The	O
third	B-ORDINAL
and	O
final	O
round	O
of	O
voting	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
populous	O
Cairo	B-GPE
region	O
,	O
is	O
to	O
begin	O
on	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
.	O


A	O
Muslim	B-ORG
Brotherhood	I-ORG
candidate	O
from	O
the	O
Nile	B-LOC
Delta	I-LOC
city	O
of	O
Bandadel	B-GPE
Mansoor	I-GPE
,	O
who	O
lost	O
his	O
race	O
,	O
Saber	B-PERSON
Zaher	I-PERSON
,	O
said	O
the	O
message	O
of	O
Islamists	B-NORP
is	O
not	O
to	O
win	O
or	O
lose	O
but	O
to	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Zaher	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
group	O
wants	O
to	O
prove	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
it	O
has	O
support	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
wrong	O
to	O
exclude	O
it	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
run	O
-	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
election	O
,	O
security	O
forces	O
arrested	O
scores	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Muslim	B-ORG
Brotherhood	I-ORG
leaders	O
and	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
their	O
sympathizers	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
weaken	O
the	O
group	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
viewed	O
as	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
strongest	O
political	O
force	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Islamist	B-NORP
leaders	O
have	O
also	O
accused	O
security	O
forces	O
of	O
preventing	O
voters	O
from	O
entering	O
polling	O
stations	O
in	O
areas	O
where	O
the	O
opposition	O
is	O
strong	O
.	O


Four	B-CARDINAL
people	O
died	O
and	O
scores	B-CARDINAL
were	O
injured	O
in	O
clashes	O
during	O
Saturday	B-DATE
's	O
run	O
-	O
off	O
election	O
in	O
the	O
Nile	B-LOC
Delta	I-LOC
province	O
of	O
Dekaharia	B-GPE
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
person	O
was	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
round	O
of	O
voting	O
.	O


These	O
elections	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
are	O
being	O
monitored	O
by	O
the	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
judiciary	O
.	O


An	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
court	O
ordered	O
monitoring	O
by	O
the	O
judiciary	O
after	O
the	O
previous	O
elections	O
were	O
ruled	O
unconstitutional	O
because	O
of	O
widespread	O
irregularities	O
and	O
violence	O
in	O
which	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
60	I-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
killed	O
.	O


Scott	B-PERSON
Bob	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Cairo	B-GPE
.	O


US	B-GPE
Defense	B-ORG
Secretary	O
William	B-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
plans	O
to	O
travel	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
to	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
Middle	B-LOC
Eastern	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
states	O
for	O
meetings	O
with	O
regional	O
leaders	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Cohen	B-PERSON
will	O
depart	O
next	B-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
to	O
visit	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
,	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
,	O
Bahrain	B-GPE
,	O
Oman	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
Arab	I-GPE
Emirates	I-GPE
,	O
Qatar	B-GPE
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
Jordan	B-GPE
and	O
Egypt	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
says	O
,	O
the	O
Secretary	O
will	O
consult	O
with	O
defense	O
officials	O
in	O
those	O
countries	O
and	O
also	O
visit	O
US	B-GPE
troops	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
.	O


US	B-GPE
forces	O
in	O
the	O
Gulf	B-LOC
have	O
been	O
on	O
high	O
alert	O
,	O
since	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
apparent	O
terrorist	O
bombing	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
,	O
which	O
killed	O
17	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
.	O


An	O
explosion	O
struck	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
,	O
as	O
it	O
refueled	O
in	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
is	O
heading	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
for	O
talks	O
today	B-DATE
with	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
as	O
deadly	O
clashes	O
continue	O
in	O
the	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
and	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
says	O
expectations	O
are	O
low	O
for	O
a	O
quick	O
end	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
violence	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
met	O
with	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
six	B-CARDINAL
more	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
another	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldier	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
latest	O
violence	O
.	O


A	O
convoy	O
carrying	O
UN	B-ORG
Human	O
Rights	O
Commissioner	O
Mary	B-PERSON
Robinson	I-PERSON
through	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
has	O
come	O
under	O
gunfire	O
.	O


Ross	B-PERSON
Dunn	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
that	O
Mrs.	O
Robinson	B-PERSON
and	O
members	O
of	O
her	O
entourage	O
who	O
are	O
investigating	O
violence	O
in	O
the	O
territories	O
escaped	O
unharmed	O
.	O


Mrs.	O
Robinson	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
got	O
a	O
first	B-ORDINAL
hand	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
violence	O
sweeping	O
through	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
,	O
when	O
she	O
visited	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
town	O
of	O
Hebron	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
bullet	O
hit	O
a	O
car	O
in	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
vehicle	O
convoy	O
,	O
transporting	O
Mrs.	O
Robinson	B-PERSON
and	O
her	O
staff	O
as	O
she	O
toured	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
major	O
flash	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
conflict	O
.	O


Mrs.	O
Robinson	B-PERSON
is	O
on	O
a	O
fact	O
-	O
finding	O
mission	O
,	O
following	O
complaints	O
by	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
that	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
have	O
used	O
excessive	O
force	O
in	O
a	O
bid	O
to	O
quell	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
rioting	O
in	O
the	O
territories	O
.	O


The	O
shooting	O
of	O
her	O
convoy	O
followed	O
an	O
exchange	O
of	O
gunfire	O
between	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
gunmen	O
.	O


Both	O
Israel	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
blamed	O
each	O
other	O
for	O
the	O
attack	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
gunmen	O
had	O
fired	O
at	O
Mrs.	O
Robinson	B-PERSON
's	O
car	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
police	O
said	O
that	O
militant	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settlers	O
in	O
Hebron	B-GPE
had	O
fired	O
at	O
the	O
convoy	O
in	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
controlled	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
town	O
.	O


Ross	B-PERSON
Dunn	I-PERSON
for	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
leaves	O
for	O
East	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
today	O
to	O
attend	O
the	O
annual	B-DATE
Asia	B-EVENT
Pacific	I-EVENT
Economic	I-EVENT
Co-operation	I-EVENT
Summit	I-EVENT
,	O
held	O
this	O
year	O
in	O
Brunei	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
of	O
leaders	O
from	O
the	O
21	B-CARDINAL
Pacific	B-LOC
Rim	I-LOC
countries	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
last	O
major	O
international	O
conference	O
and	O
last	O
overseas	O
trip	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
as	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
President	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
hold	O
separate	O
sideline	O
meetings	O
of	O
the	O
summit	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
leaders	O
,	O
including	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Jiang	B-PERSON
Zemin	I-PERSON
,	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Kim	B-PERSON
Dae	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jung	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Japanese	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Yoshiro	B-PERSON
Mori	I-PERSON
.	O


On	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
will	O
travel	O
to	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
to	O
become	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
US	B-GPE
President	O
to	O
visit	O
that	O
country	O
since	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Vietnam	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
in	O
1975	B-DATE
.	O


United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Human	O
Rights	O
Commissioner	O
Emily	B-PERSON
Robinson	I-PERSON
came	O
perilously	O
close	O
to	O
swelling	O
the	O
casualty	O
tolls	O
Sunday	B-DATE
when	O
a	O
convoy	O
carrying	O
her	O
through	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
was	O
fired	O
upon	O
,	O
but	O
Ross	B-PERSON
Dunn	I-PERSON
reports	O
,	O
she	O
escaped	O
unharmed	O
if	O
unhappy	O
.	O


Mrs.	O
Robinson	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
got	O
a	O
first	B-ORDINAL
hand	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
violence	O
sweeping	O
through	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
when	O
she	O
visited	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
town	O
of	O
Hebron	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
bulleted	O
a	O
car	O
and	O
a	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
vehicle	O
convoy	O
transporting	O
Mrs.	O
Robinson	B-PERSON
and	O
her	O
staff	O
as	O
she	O
toured	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
major	O
flash	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
conflict	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
was	O
hurt	O
in	O
the	O
shooting	O
but	O
eyewitnesses	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
Human	O
Rights	O
Chief	O
was	O
visibly	O
upset	O
following	O
the	O
incident	O
.	O


Mrs.	O
Robinson	B-PERSON
is	O
on	O
a	O
fact	O
-	O
finding	O
mission	O
following	O
complaints	O
by	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
that	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
have	O
used	O
excessive	O
force	O
in	O
a	O
bid	O
to	O
quell	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
rioting	O
in	O
the	O
territories	O
.	O


The	O
shooting	O
of	O
her	O
convoy	O
followed	O
an	O
exchange	O
of	O
gunfire	O
between	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
gunmen	O
.	O


Both	O
Israel	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
blamed	O
each	O
other	O
for	O
the	O
attack	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
gunmen	O
had	O
fired	O
at	O
Mrs.	O
Robinson	B-PERSON
's	O
car	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
police	O
said	O
that	O
militant	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settlers	O
in	O
Hebron	B-GPE
had	O
fired	O
at	O
the	O
convoy	O
in	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
controlled	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
town	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
town	O
is	O
under	O
the	O
civil	O
control	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
are	O
stationed	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
Hebron	B-GPE
to	O
protect	O
about	B-CARDINAL
400	I-CARDINAL
Jewish	B-NORP
settlers	O
.	O


The	O
settlers	O
worship	O
at	O
a	O
shrine	O
in	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
the	O
town	O
,	O
holy	O
to	O
both	O
Muslims	B-NORP
and	O
Jews	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
say	O
they	O
will	O
never	O
leave	O
Hebron	B-GPE
despite	O
almost	B-DATE
daily	I-DATE
attacks	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
against	O
their	O
homes	O
.	O


Ross	B-PERSON
Dunn	I-PERSON
for	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Coler	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Florida	B-GPE
has	O
announced	O
the	O
official	O
results	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
presidential	O
election	O
.	O


Florida	B-GPE
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Katherine	B-PERSON
Harris	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
out	O
of	O
6	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
votes	O
cast	O
Republican	B-NORP
candidate	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
received	O
just	O
300	B-CARDINAL
votes	O
more	O
than	O
Democratic	B-NORP
candidate	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
.	O


Ms.	O
Harris	B-PERSON
also	O
said	O
that	O
in	O
obedience	O
to	O
a	O
court	O
ruling	O
she	O
will	O
consider	O
amending	O
the	O
results	O
based	O
on	O
hand	O
recounts	O
in	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Florida	B-GPE
counties	O
.	O


In	O
accordance	O
with	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
court	O
ruling	O
confirming	O
my	O
discretion	O
in	O
these	O
matters	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
requiring	O
a	O
written	O
statement	O
of	O
the	O
facts	O
and	O
circumstances	O
that	O
would	O
cause	O
these	O
counties	O
to	O
believe	O
that	O
a	O
change	O
should	O
be	O
made	O
before	O
the	O
final	O
certification	O
of	O
the	O
statewide	O
vote	O
.	O


This	O
written	O
statement	O
is	O
due	O
in	O
our	O
office	O
by	O
2	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
tomorrow	I-TIME
.	O


At	O
stake	O
are	O
Florida	B-GPE
's	O
25	B-CARDINAL
electoral	O
votes	O
.	O


Whoever	O
wins	O
them	O
will	O
become	O
the	O
next	O
US	B-GPE
President	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
killed	O
four	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
Tuesday	B-DATE
as	O
Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
blockaded	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
towns	O
and	O
villages	O
in	O
reprisal	O
for	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
Israelis	B-NORP
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
'	O
deaths	O
were	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
was	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
town	O
of	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
.	O


Late	B-TIME
Tuesday	I-TIME
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
met	O
with	O
UN	B-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
in	O
London	B-GPE
during	O
a	O
stopover	O
at	O
Heathrow	B-FAC
airport	O
on	O
his	O
way	O
home	O
from	O
a	O
visit	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


President	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
has	O
become	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
US	B-GPE
President	O
to	O
visit	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
in	O
31	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
Vietnamese	B-NORP
officials	O
,	O
including	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Nguyen	B-PERSON
Dy	I-PERSON
Nien	I-PERSON
,	O
greeted	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
daughter	O
Chelsea	B-PERSON
as	O
they	O
stepped	O
off	O
the	O
plane	O
at	O
Hanoi	B-GPE
.	O


Although	O
the	O
official	O
welcoming	O
ceremony	O
will	O
not	O
occur	O
until	O
Friday	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Vietnamese	B-NORP
gathered	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
from	O
the	O
airport	O
and	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
more	O
jammed	O
a	O
square	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
hotel	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
will	O
stay	O
in	O
vietnam	B-GPE
for	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
culminating	O
a	O
process	O
of	O
normalizing	O
relations	O
that	O
began	O
early	O
in	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
term	O
in	O
office	O
,	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
is	O
freezing	O
tens	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
millions	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
tax	O
payments	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
is	O
withholding	O
the	O
money	O
until	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
abide	O
by	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
agreements	O
.	O


Earlier	B-TIME
Thursday	I-TIME
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
ruled	O
out	O
an	O
early	O
resumption	O
of	O
peace	O
talks	O
,	O
even	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
acting	O
as	O
intermediary	O
.	O


Eve	B-PERSON
Conette	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Defending	O
what	O
he	O
calls	O
his	O
policy	O
of	O
restraint	O
,	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Barak	B-PERSON
says	O
if	O
Israel	B-GPE
thought	O
that	O
2000	B-CARDINAL
Palestinian	B-NORP
deaths	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
200	B-CARDINAL
now	O
would	O
really	O
solve	O
the	O
situation	O
,	O
we	O
would	O
act	O
in	O
that	O
direction	O
,	O
but	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
told	O
Israeli	B-ORG
Radio	I-ORG
,	O
using	O
greater	O
force	O
would	O
lead	O
Israel	B-GPE
into	O
a	O
much	O
more	O
complicated	O
situation	O
.	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
says	O
he	O
,	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
and	O
President	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
are	O
not	O
close	O
to	O
holding	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
way	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
peace	O
summit	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
said	O
negotiations	O
should	O
continue	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
violence	O
.	O


His	O
comments	O
came	O
hours	O
after	O
Israeli	B-NORP
helicopters	O
attacked	O
offices	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
's	O
Fatah	B-ORG
movement	O
.	O


A	O
German	B-NORP
doctor	O
living	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
town	O
of	O
Beit	B-GPE
Jala	I-GPE
was	O
killed	O
when	O
a	O
rocket	O
fired	O
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
hit	O
his	O
home	O
.	O


Eve	B-PERSON
Conette	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Yugoslavia	B-GPE
says	O
it	O
will	O
restore	O
diplomatic	O
ties	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
Britain	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
and	O
Germany	B-GPE
.	O


President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
has	O
pledged	O
to	O
end	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
isolation	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Coller	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
is	O
freezing	O
tens	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
millions	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
tax	O
payments	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
as	O
outside	O
efforts	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
violence	O
continue	O
.	O


Prime	O
Minister	O
Barak	B-PERSON
said	O
late	B-TIME
Thursday	I-TIME
,	O
he	O
is	O
withholding	O
the	O
money	O
until	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
abide	O
by	O
previous	O
agreements	O
with	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
.	O


Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
held	O
separate	O
talks	O
Thursday	B-DATE
with	O
both	O
US	B-GPE
envoy	O
Dennis	B-PERSON
Ross	I-PERSON
and	O
Russian	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Igor	B-PERSON
Ivanov	I-PERSON
.	O


Both	O
urged	O
the	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
leaders	O
to	O
resume	O
peace	O
talks	O
and	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
violence	O
that	O
has	O
killed	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
since	O
late	B-DATE
September	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
other	O
news	O
,	O
Daimler	B-ORG
Chrysler	I-ORG
lost	O
its	O
major	O
Wall	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
backer	O
,	O
investment	O
firm	O
Goldman	B-ORG
Sachs	I-ORG
downgraded	O
the	O
German	B-NORP
auto	O
-	O
maker	O
after	O
its	O
US	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
Chrysler	B-ORG
unit	O
showed	O
poor	O
third	B-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
earnings	O
and	O
warned	O
the	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
does	O
not	O
look	O
good	O
either	O
.	O


Goldman	B-ORG
Sachs	I-ORG
was	O
the	O
chief	O
consultant	O
in	O
the	O
merger	O
of	O
Germany	B-GPE
's	O
Daimler	B-ORG
Benz	I-ORG
and	O
US	B-GPE
auto	O
-	O
maker	O
Chrysler	B-ORG
.	O


Cuban	B-NORP
President	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
is	O
accusing	O
US	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
Cuban	B-NORP
exiles	O
of	O
plotting	O
to	O
kill	O
him	O
during	O
the	O
summit	O
meeting	O
this	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Castro	B-PERSON
told	O
reporters	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
Miami	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
Cuban	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
American	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
has	O
sent	O
assassins	O
to	O
the	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
capital	O
to	O
eliminate	O
him	O
during	O
the	O
summit	O
.	O


Foundation	B-ORG
officials	O
called	O
Mr.	O
Castro	B-PERSON
's	O
accusations	O
absurd	O
.	O


The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Legend	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bagger	I-WORK_OF_ART
Vance	I-WORK_OF_ART
directed	O
by	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Redford	I-PERSON
is	O
the	O
latest	O
movie	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
game	O
of	O
golf	O
to	O
the	O
screen	O
and	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
attractions	O
of	O
theaters	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Entertainment	O
reporter	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
Rich	I-PERSON
discussed	O
this	O
and	O
previous	O
golf	O
films	O
with	O
VOA	B-ORG
's	O
Dave	B-PERSON
Arlington	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
movies	O
'	O
The	O
Natural	B-WORK_OF_ART
'	O
and	O
'	B-WORK_OF_ART
Field	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dreams	I-WORK_OF_ART
'	I-WORK_OF_ART
brought	O
mystical	O
and	O
nostalgic	O
qualities	O
to	O
baseball	O
and	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Legend	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bagger	I-WORK_OF_ART
Vance	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
set	O
during	O
the	O
economic	O
depression	O
over	O
the	O
1920s	B-DATE
and	O
1930s	B-DATE
,	O
does	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
for	O
golf	O
.	O


Will	B-PERSON
Smith	I-PERSON
plays	O
a	O
caddy	O
who	O
revives	O
the	O
confidence	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
skill	O
of	O
a	O
golfer	O
whose	O
glory	O
has	O
faded	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
understood	O
everything	O
Will	B-PERSON
Smith	I-PERSON
said	O
in	O
films	O
like	O
''	B-WORK_OF_ART
Men	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Black	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
''	B-WORK_OF_ART
Independence	I-WORK_OF_ART
Day	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


What	O
was	O
he	O
talking	O
about	O
there	O
?	O


Beats	O
the	O
heck	O
out	O
of	O
me	O
.	O


Seriously	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
golf	O
and	O
many	O
golf	O
films	O
can	O
be	O
whatever	O
you	O
interpret	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
,	O
what	O
the	O
player	O
or	O
the	O
moviegoer	O
decides	O
they	O
'll	O
be	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
consider	O
golf	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
silly	O
and	O
dull	O
game	O
,	O
following	O
a	O
little	O
ball	O
around	O
the	O
course	O
,	O
others	O
,	O
including	O
some	O
filmmakers	O
,	O
view	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
symbol	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
gauge	O
of	O
a	O
person	O
's	O
philosophy	O
or	O
psychology	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
in	O
the	O
1996	B-DATE
movie	O
''	B-WORK_OF_ART
Tin	I-WORK_OF_ART
Cup	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
with	O
Kevin	B-PERSON
Costner	I-PERSON
and	O
Cheech	B-PERSON
Merrin	I-PERSON
,	O
what	O
might	O
be	O
an	O
embarrassing	O
experience	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
golfer	O
's	O
past	O
is	O
for	O
him	O
a	O
badge	O
of	O
honor	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
like	O
golf	O
to	O
like	O
golf	O
movies	O
?	O


It	O
helps	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
necessary	O
.	O


Some	O
filmmakers	O
and	O
performers	O
used	O
golf	O
as	O
a	O
setting	O
for	O
broad	O
comedy	O
with	O
potential	O
appeal	O
both	O
inside	O
and	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
sport	O
.	O


The	O
1996	B-DATE
golf	O
movie	O
''	B-WORK_OF_ART
Happy	I-WORK_OF_ART
Gilmore	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
starring	O
and	O
co-written	O
by	O
Adam	B-PERSON
Sandler	I-PERSON
,	O
placed	O
the	O
temperamental	O
ice	O
hockey	O
player	O
in	O
a	O
professional	O
sport	O
that	O
some	O
people	O
consider	O
refined	O
.	O


Golf	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
very	O
frustrating	O
game	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
any	O
golfer	O
I	O
guess	O
would	O
understand	O
that	O
gag	O
in	O
''	B-WORK_OF_ART
Happy	I-WORK_OF_ART
Gilmore	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


And	O
anyone	O
who	O
dislikes	O
or	O
is	O
bored	O
by	O
golf	O
,	O
might	O
appreciate	O
seeing	O
the	O
game	O
played	O
for	O
laughs	O
there	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
your	O
take	O
on	O
golf	O
movies	O
?	O


I	O
only	O
play	O
miniature	O
golf	O
and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
watch	O
golf	O
on	O
television	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
am	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
filmmakers	O
are	O
thinking	O
of	O
,	O
when	O
they	O
try	O
to	O
give	O
a	O
golf	O
movie	O
wide	O
appeal	O
,	O
humor	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
love	O
story	O
for	O
example	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
film	O
that	O
's	O
attracted	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
golf	O
loving	O
fans	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
is	O
1980	B-DATE
's	O
''	B-WORK_OF_ART
Caddy	I-WORK_OF_ART
Shack	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Set	O
at	O
the	O
exclusive	O
Bush	B-ORG
Wood	I-ORG
country	O
club	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
about	O
class	O
conflict	O
or	O
as	O
movie	O
advertising	O
sometimes	O
calls	O
it	O
,	O
the	O
snobs	O
versus	O
the	O
flops	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
golfer	O
in	O
''	B-WORK_OF_ART
Caddy	I-WORK_OF_ART
Shack	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
played	O
by	O
Rodney	B-PERSON
Dangerfield	I-PERSON
,	O
bothering	O
another	O
,	O
a	O
judge	O
played	O
by	O
the	O
late	O
Ted	B-PERSON
Night	I-PERSON
.	O


As	O
a	O
comedian	O
,	O
Rodney	B-PERSON
Dangerfield	I-PERSON
often	O
says	O
he	O
gets	O
no	O
respect	O
,	O
but	O
were	O
n't	O
the	O
filmmakers	O
really	O
showing	O
their	O
respect	O
for	O
him	O
and	O
his	O
drawing	O
power	O
by	O
casting	O
him	O
in	O
this	O
film	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
Dangerfield	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
big	O
selling	O
point	O
who	O
attracted	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
his	O
fans	O
,	O
who	O
include	O
me	O
,	O
to	O
see	O
''	B-WORK_OF_ART
Caddy	I-WORK_OF_ART
Shack	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
film	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
popular	O
one	O
and	O
the	O
music	O
in	O
''	B-WORK_OF_ART
Caddy	I-WORK_OF_ART
Shack	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
got	O
some	O
attention	O
too	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
finish	O
up	O
our	O
cinematic	O
round	O
of	O
golf	O
with	O
some	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
,	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
.	O


You	O
're	O
welcome	O
,	O
Dave	B-PERSON
.	O


The	B-ORG
Voice	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Russia	I-ORG
DX	I-ORG
Club	I-ORG
,	O
via	O
BBC	B-ORG
monitoring	O
reports	O
that	O
Radio	B-ORG
Canada	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
YLE	B-ORG
Radio	I-ORG
Finland	I-ORG
,	O
are	O
conducting	O
test	O
re-broadcasts	O
in	O
St.	B-GPE
Petersburg	I-GPE
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
on	O
684	B-QUANTITY
KHz	I-QUANTITY
medium	O
wave	O
.	O


RCI	B-ORG
is	O
in	O
Russian	B-LANGUAGE
and	O
YLE	B-ORG
in	O
Finish	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
each	O
one	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
per	O
day	O
.	O


The	O
programs	O
are	O
downlinked	O
from	O
a	O
world	O
radio	O
network	O
transponder	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
is	O
recommending	O
that	O
a	O
team	O
of	O
UN	B-ORG
security	O
experts	O
visit	O
Indonesian	B-NORP
West	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
it	O
's	O
safe	O
for	O
international	O
aid	O
workers	O
to	O
return	O
after	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
UN	B-ORG
aid	O
workers	O
there	O
early	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Namibia	B-GPE
's	O
UN	B-ORG
Ambassador	O
who	O
recently	O
led	O
a	O
fact	O
-	O
finding	O
mission	O
to	O
East	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
and	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
,	O
told	O
reporters	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Indonesian	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
expressed	O
its	O
willingness	O
to	O
discuss	O
their	O
proposed	O
plan	O
.	O


Human	O
rights	O
groups	O
are	O
criticizing	O
an	O
agreement	O
between	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
and	O
China	B-GPE
on	O
human	O
rights	O
co-operation	O
saying	O
it	O
lacks	O
the	O
substance	O
to	O
bring	O
about	O
any	O
real	O
change	O
.	O


Un	B-ORG
Human	O
Rights	O
Chief	O
Mary	B-PERSON
Robinson	I-PERSON
signed	O
the	O
agreement	O
with	O
Chinese	B-NORP
officials	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


Ms.	O
Robinson	B-PERSON
called	O
it	O
a	O
significant	O
move	O
that	O
brings	O
China	B-GPE
closer	O
to	O
ratifying	O
two	B-CARDINAL
international	O
rights	O
treaties	O
;	O
the	B-LAW
UN	I-LAW
Covenant	I-LAW
on	I-LAW
Economic	I-LAW
Social	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
Cultural	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
covenant	O
on	O
political	O
and	O
civil	O
rights	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
talk	O
of	O
bringing	O
international	O
aid	O
workers	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
refugee	O
camps	O
of	O
West	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
to	O
help	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
East	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
refugees	O
stranded	O
there	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
are	O
trying	O
to	O
work	O
out	O
a	O
plan	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
,	O
as	O
VOA	B-ORG
's	O
Breck	B-PERSON
Ardery	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
the	O
UN	B-FAC
.	O


Namibia	B-GPE
's	O
UN	B-ORG
Ambassador	O
Martin	B-PERSON
Angava	I-PERSON
who	O
recently	O
lead	O
a	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
member	O
Security	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
delegation	O
to	O
East	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
and	O
to	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
,	O
told	O
reporters	O
the	O
plan	O
involves	O
a	O
joint	O
security	O
assessment	O
of	O
conditions	O
in	O
the	O
camps	O
.	O


What	O
we	O
have	O
proposed	O
and	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
is	O
willing	O
to	O
embark	O
on	O
discussions	O
with	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
officials	O
in	O
Jakarta	B-GPE
is	O
for	O
UN	B-ORG
security	O
experts	O
to	O
be	O
sent	O
to	O
the	O
camps	O
and	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
situation	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
East	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
perhaps	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
,	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
situation	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
Indonesian	B-NORP
military	O
and	O
police	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
their	O
assessment	O
that	O
a	O
decision	O
would	O
then	O
be	O
taken	O
as	O
to	O
whether	O
the	O
humanitarian	O
agents	O
should	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
West	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
or	O
not	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Angava	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
has	O
increased	O
security	O
in	O
the	O
refugee	O
camps	O
since	O
September	B-DATE
.	O


There	O
are	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
refugees	O
from	O
East	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
in	O
the	O
camps	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
exact	O
number	O
is	O
in	O
dispute	O
.	O


International	O
relief	O
workers	O
were	O
evacuated	O
from	O
West	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
after	O
an	O
incident	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
6th	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
which	O
three	B-CARDINAL
UN	B-ORG
aid	O
workers	O
were	O
killed	O
.	O


The	O
Indonesian	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
arrested	O
six	B-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
the	O
murders	O
.	O


The	O
situation	O
in	O
the	O
refugee	O
camps	O
of	O
West	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
has	O
been	O
an	O
ongoing	O
source	O
of	O
concern	O
for	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
transitional	O
administration	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
that	O
is	O
helping	O
to	O
prepare	O
that	O
territory	O
for	O
independence	O
.	O


Numbers	O
of	O
anti-independence	O
militia	O
groups	O
have	O
been	O
intimidating	O
refugees	O
and	O
even	O
sometimes	O
crossing	O
over	O
into	O
East	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
.	O


Despite	O
the	O
increased	O
presence	O
of	O
Indonesian	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
in	O
the	O
camps	O
,	O
Ambassador	O
Angava	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
evidence	O
the	O
militias	O
still	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
influence	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Angava	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
delegation	O
talked	O
with	O
some	O
refugees	O
who	O
indicated	O
they	O
were	O
reluctant	O
to	O
speak	O
freely	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
militias	O
.	O


Breck	B-PERSON
Ardery	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
United	I-FAC
Nations	I-FAC
.	O


Egypt	B-GPE
has	O
recalled	O
its	O
ambassador	O
to	O
Israel	B-GPE
protesting	O
what	O
it	O
calls	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
escalation	O
of	O
aggression	O
against	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Egypt	B-GPE
's	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
news	O
agency	O
carried	O
a	O
foreign	O
ministry	O
statement	O
that	O
said	O
President	O
Hosni	B-PERSON
Mubarak	I-PERSON
decided	O
to	O
recall	O
the	O
ambassador	O
after	O
Israeli	B-NORP
helicopter	O
gunships	O
attacked	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
targets	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
statement	O
did	O
not	O
say	O
whether	O
the	O
recall	O
was	O
temporary	O
.	O


President	O
Mubarak	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
strong	O
supporter	O
of	O
moderation	O
of	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
-	O
Israeli	B-NORP
conflict	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
said	O
that	O
a	O
dialogue	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
break	O
the	O
current	O
wave	O
of	O
bloody	O
clashes	O
between	O
Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
and	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
troops	O
shot	O
and	O
killed	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
more	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
in	O
overnight	B-TIME
clashes	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Observer	I-ORG
Mission	I-ORG
to	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
,	O
Nasser	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Kidwa	I-PERSON
says	O
any	O
protection	O
force	O
sent	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
must	O
be	O
under	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
control	O
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
correspondent	O
Breck	B-PERSON
Ardery	I-PERSON
,	O
has	O
more	O
from	O
the	O
UN	B-FAC
.	O


Speaking	O
to	O
reporters	O
after	O
a	O
meeting	O
with	O
UN	B-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
,	O
Mr.	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Kidwa	I-PERSON
disputed	O
reports	O
that	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
would	O
accept	O
an	O
observer	O
force	O
that	O
was	O
not	O
under	O
UN	B-ORG
control	O
.	O


We	O
stressed	O
the	O
absolute	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
protection	O
to	O
be	O
achieved	O
through	O
a	O
UN	B-ORG
observer	O
force	O
composed	O
of	O
unarmed	O
military	O
observers	O
to	O
be	O
deployed	O
throughout	O
the	O
territories	O
occupied	O
by	O
Israel	B-GPE
since	O
1967	B-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Kidwa	I-PERSON
said	O
only	O
an	O
observer	O
force	O
under	O
UN	B-ORG
jurisdiction	O
would	O
have	O
legitimate	O
international	O
authority	O
.	O


There	O
had	O
previously	O
been	O
reports	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
might	O
accept	O
an	O
observer	O
force	O
from	O
several	O
nations	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
under	O
UN	B-ORG
control	O
.	O


The	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
are	O
urging	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
to	O
adopt	O
a	O
proposed	O
resolution	O
that	O
would	O
send	O
2000	B-CARDINAL
unarmed	O
observers	O
to	O
Gaza	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
.	O


Backers	O
of	O
the	O
resolution	O
say	O
the	O
observers	O
would	O
provide	O
a	O
measure	O
of	O
protection	O
for	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
civilians	O
.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
has	O
said	O
it	O
will	O
not	O
support	O
such	O
a	O
resolution	O
unless	O
both	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
agree	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
has	O
rejected	O
the	O
idea	O
.	O


UN	B-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
Annan	B-PERSON
is	O
talking	O
with	O
both	O
sides	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
UN	B-ORG
Ambassador	O
Yehuda	B-PERSON
Lancry	I-PERSON
had	O
no	O
substantial	O
public	O
comment	O
after	O
he	O
met	O
with	O
the	O
Secretary	O
General	O
,	O
except	O
to	O
say	O
the	O
meeting	O
was	O
useful	O
.	O


Breck	B-PERSON
Ardery	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-FAC
United	I-FAC
Nations	I-FAC
.	O


British	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Blair	I-PERSON
arrives	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
for	O
talks	O
with	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
on	O
security	O
,	O
foreign	O
policy	O
,	O
and	O
economic	O
issues	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
also	O
expected	O
to	O
discuss	O
a	O
new	O
Russian	B-NORP
proposal	O
for	O
deep	O
cuts	O
in	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
Russian	B-GPE
long	O
-	O
range	O
missiles	O
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
's	O
Larry	B-PERSON
James	I-PERSON
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
highlight	O
of	O
the	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
visit	O
will	O
be	O
three	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
talks	O
on	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
during	O
which	O
Mr.	O
Blair	B-PERSON
and	O
Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
will	O
focus	O
on	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
issues	O
including	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
latest	O
call	O
for	O
cutting	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
strategic	O
nuclear	O
warheads	O
to	O
below	O
1500	B-CARDINAL
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
said	O
such	O
a	O
deal	O
is	O
possible	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
first	O
necessary	O
to	O
convince	O
Moscow	B-GPE
of	O
the	O
merits	O
of	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
proposed	O
missile	O
defense	O
system	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
wants	O
to	O
amend	O
the	O
1972	B-DATE
anti-ballistic	O
missile	O
treaty	O
so	O
it	O
can	O
develop	O
such	O
a	O
system	O
.	O


Russia	B-GPE
believes	O
such	O
a	O
move	O
could	O
spark	O
a	O
new	O
arms	O
race	O
and	O
has	O
threatened	O
to	O
tear	O
up	O
existing	O
weapons	O
agreements	O
and	O
stop	O
disarmament	O
talks	O
if	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
goes	O
ahead	O
.	O


On	O
Sunday	B-DATE
Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
called	O
on	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
parliament	O
to	O
quickly	O
ratify	O
the	O
amended	O
Conventional	B-LAW
Forces	I-LAW
in	I-LAW
Europe	I-LAW
Treaty	I-LAW
.	O


That	O
treaty	O
requires	O
Russia	B-GPE
to	O
make	O
further	O
non-nuclear	O
weapons	O
reductions	O
in	O
some	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
including	O
breakaway	O
Chechnya	B-GPE
.	O


President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
acknowledged	O
that	O
Russia	B-GPE
is	O
still	O
violating	O
its	O
commitment	O
in	O
Chechnya	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
he	O
said	O
it	O
is	O
only	O
a	O
temporary	O
situation	O
which	O
has	O
the	O
ultimate	O
aim	O
of	O
cutting	O
armaments	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
thanked	O
the	O
29	B-CARDINAL
other	O
signatories	O
to	O
the	O
treaty	O
for	O
their	O
understanding	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
Russia	B-GPE
is	O
fully	O
behind	O
the	O
agreement	O
that	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
efficient	O
instrument	O
of	O
ensuring	O
security	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
for	O
years	B-DATE
to	O
come	O
.	O


The	O
original	O
treaty	O
was	O
signed	O
in	O
1990	B-DATE
and	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
destruction	O
of	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
heavy	O
weapons	O
by	O
Nato	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
former	O
Warsaw	B-ORG
Pact	I-ORG
.	O


Tony	B-PERSON
Blair	I-PERSON
became	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Western	B-NORP
leader	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
Russia	B-GPE
to	O
meet	O
the	O
new	O
President	O
last	B-DATE
March	I-DATE
even	O
before	O
Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
was	O
elected	O
.	O


The	O
Russian	B-NORP
leader	O
returned	O
the	O
favor	O
by	O
making	O
London	B-GPE
one	O
of	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
foreign	O
destinations	O
after	O
taking	O
office	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
have	O
already	O
met	O
four	B-CARDINAL
times	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Analysts	O
here	O
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
believe	O
Britain	B-GPE
can	O
play	O
a	O
useful	O
role	O
as	O
a	O
bridge	O
to	O
both	O
Europe	B-LOC
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Trade	O
is	O
also	O
expected	O
to	O
figure	O
significantly	O
in	O
the	O
talks	O
.	O


Britain	B-GPE
ranks	O
as	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
investor	O
after	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
Germany	B-GPE
with	O
just	O
slightly	B-MONEY
more	I-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
invested	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


Larry	B-PERSON
James	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Deputy	O
Defense	O
Minister	O
Ifraem	B-PERSON
Snae	I-PERSON
held	O
talks	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
Thursday	B-DATE
with	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
official	O
Tayab	B-PERSON
Abdul	I-PERSON
Rahim	I-PERSON
.	O


No	O
details	O
of	O
that	O
meeting	O
were	O
released	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
followed	O
an	O
announcement	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
is	O
shutting	O
the	O
last	O
formal	O
channel	O
of	O
regular	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Jenny	B-PERSON
Badner	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
ordered	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
to	O
leave	O
joint	O
security	O
liaison	O
offices	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
after	O
a	O
blast	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
offices	O
in	O
southern	O
Gaza	B-GPE
killed	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldier	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
says	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
patrol	O
was	O
ambushed	O
near	O
the	B-FAC
Erics	I-FAC
Crossing	I-FAC
between	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
and	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


Shots	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
fired	O
at	O
Gilo	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
predominantly	O
Jewish	B-NORP
neighborhood	O
on	O
the	O
outskirts	O
of	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
is	O
expected	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
his	O
top	O
security	O
advisors	O
to	O
discuss	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
next	O
move	O
following	O
a	O
car	O
bomb	O
on	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
in	O
the	O
northern	O
Israeli	B-NORP
town	O
of	O
Khadhera	B-GPE
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
Israelis	B-NORP
were	O
killed	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
others	O
were	O
injured	O
in	O
the	O
explosion	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
holds	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
attack	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
officials	O
say	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
involved	O
.	O


Jenny	B-PERSON
Badner	I-PERSON
for	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Leaders	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
and	O
five	B-CARDINAL
Balkan	B-NORP
states	O
meet	O
in	O
Zagreb	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
to	O
hail	O
a	O
new	O
era	O
of	O
cooperation	O
in	O
a	O
region	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
torn	O
by	O
conflict	O
.	O


Douglas	B-PERSON
Paction	I-PERSON
has	O
more	O
on	O
the	O
story	O
.	O


The	O
summit	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
being	O
sponsored	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
meant	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
Balkan	B-NORP
states	O
that	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
is	O
preparing	O
to	O
welcome	O
them	O
into	O
the	O
European	B-NORP
family	O
.	O


Christina	B-PERSON
Gayat	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
spokeswoman	O
for	O
EU	B-ORG
Foreign	O
Policy	O
Chief	O
Javier	B-PERSON
Solana	I-PERSON
,	O
says	O
the	O
summit	O
has	O
an	O
important	O
symbolic	O
value	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
occasion	O
to	O
welcome	O
at	O
the	O
highest	O
level	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
under	O
the	O
highest	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
the	O
very	O
dramatic	O
changes	O
that	O
have	O
occurred	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
to	O
further	O
consolidate	O
democracy	O
and	O
reconciliation	O
.	O


Analysts	O
say	O
,	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
formal	O
ouster	O
of	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
in	O
presidential	O
elections	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
was	O
a	O
pivotal	O
event	O
for	O
the	O
region	O
.	O


The	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
Balkan	B-NORP
states	O
of	O
the	O
summit	O
,	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
Croatia	B-GPE
,	O
Macedonia	B-GPE
,	O
Albania	B-GPE
and	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
are	O
expected	O
to	O
adopt	O
a	O
declaration	O
calling	O
for	O
a	O
political	O
dialogue	O
and	O
regional	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
is	O
offering	O
a	O
3.9	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
financial	O
aid	O
program	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
devastated	O
by	O
civil	O
conflict	O
,	O
economic	O
collapse	O
and	O
political	O
isolation	O
.	O


In	O
return	O
the	O
Balkan	B-NORP
leaders	O
will	O
be	O
called	O
upon	O
to	O
continue	O
moving	O
toward	O
democracy	O
and	O
a	O
market	O
economy	O
.	O


The	O
leaders	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
asked	O
to	O
take	O
steps	O
to	O
fight	O
organized	O
crime	O
,	O
drug	O
trafficking	O
,	O
and	O
money	O
laundering	O
.	O


Also	O
at	O
the	O
Zagreb	B-GPE
summit	O
,	O
Macedonia	B-GPE
is	O
expected	O
to	O
sign	O
an	O
association	O
and	O
stabilization	O
pact	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
first	B-ORDINAL
step	O
on	O
the	O
long	O
road	O
to	O
full	O
EU	B-ORG
membership	O
.	O


Douglas	B-PERSON
Paction	I-PERSON
for	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Luxembourg	B-GPE
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Deputy	O
Defense	O
Minister	O
Ifraem	B-PERSON
Snae	I-PERSON
held	O
talks	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
Thursday	B-DATE
with	O
a	O
top	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
official	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Snae	B-PERSON
's	O
meeting	O
with	O
Tayab	B-PERSON
Abdul	I-PERSON
Rahim	I-PERSON
came	O
hours	B-TIME
after	O
the	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
ordered	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
to	O
leave	O
joint	O
security	O
liaison	O
offices	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
no	O
details	O
on	O
the	O
talks	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
met	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Eric	I-FAC
's	I-FAC
Crossing	I-FAC
where	O
a	O
gun	O
battle	O
earlier	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
day	I-TIME
left	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
soldier	O
dead	O
.	O


A	O
second	B-ORDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
soldier	O
died	O
in	O
an	O
explosion	O
at	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
-	O
Israeli	O
liaison	O
office	O
near	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settlement	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
Deputy	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Tariq	B-PERSON
Aziz	I-PERSON
and	O
Syria	B-GPE
's	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Farookh	B-PERSON
held	O
talks	O
Saturday	B-DATE
on	O
ways	O
of	O
improving	O
bilateral	O
relations	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Aziz	B-PERSON
arrived	O
in	O
Damascus	B-GPE
aboard	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
direct	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
flight	O
to	O
Syria	B-GPE
in	O
nearly	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
flight	O
is	O
also	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
carry	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
official	O
out	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
since	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
placed	O
sanctions	O
on	O
Iraq	B-GPE
10	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
climate	O
change	O
conference	O
in	O
the	O
Hague	B-GPE
has	O
ended	O
in	O
an	O
impasse	O
after	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
intense	O
negotiations	O
.	O


Delegates	O
from	O
180	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
agree	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
cut	O
greenhouse	O
gas	O
emissions	O
,	O
which	O
many	O
believe	O
causes	O
global	O
warming	O
.	O


Lisa	B-PERSON
Schline	I-PERSON
has	O
been	O
monitoring	O
developments	O
from	O
the	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
headquarters	O
in	O
Geneva	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
delegates	O
were	O
close	O
to	O
an	O
agreement	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
a	O
feud	O
between	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
caused	O
its	O
unravel	O
.	O


They	O
disagreed	O
over	O
how	O
targeted	O
cuts	O
in	O
greenhouse	O
gas	O
emissions	O
could	O
be	O
achieved	O
.	O


Under	O
the	B-LAW
Kyoto	I-LAW
Protocol	I-LAW
,	O
38	B-CARDINAL
developed	O
countries	O
have	O
to	O
reduce	O
emissions	O
by	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
biggest	O
polluter	O
,	O
wants	O
to	O
reach	O
its	O
target	O
in	O
large	O
part	O
by	O
counting	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
carbon	O
sinks	O
against	O
its	O
emissions	O
quota	O
.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
argued	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
many	O
rich	O
forests	O
and	O
will	O
plant	O
new	O
trees	O
to	O
help	O
absorb	O
carbon	O
from	O
the	O
atmosphere	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
cutting	O
its	O
emissions	O
.	O


The	O
EU	B-ORG
rejected	O
this	O
proposal	O
as	O
self	O
-	O
serving	O
.	O


Environmentalists	O
have	O
reacted	O
to	O
the	O
failure	O
with	O
dismay	O
.	O


Lisa	B-PERSON
Schline	I-PERSON
for	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Geneva	B-GPE
.	O


Former	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
won	O
a	O
landslide	O
victory	O
Saturday	B-DATE
,	O
as	O
he	O
was	O
re-elected	O
leader	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Socialist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Serbia	I-ORG
.	O


A	O
defiant	O
Mr.	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
made	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
public	O
appearance	O
since	O
being	O
deposed	O
in	O
a	O
popular	O
uprising	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
Deputy	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Tariq	B-PERSON
Aziz	I-PERSON
and	O
Syria	B-GPE
's	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Farooq	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Shah	I-PERSON
held	O
talks	O
Saturday	B-DATE
on	O
ways	O
of	O
improving	O
bilateral	O
relations	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Aziz	B-PERSON
arrived	O
in	O
Damascus	B-GPE
aboard	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
direct	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
flight	O
to	O
Syria	B-GPE
in	O
nearly	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
UN	B-ORG
climate	O
talks	O
have	O
collapsed	O
after	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
failed	O
to	O
reach	O
an	O
agreement	O
on	O
global	O
warming	O
.	O


The	O
talks	O
ended	O
after	O
a	O
final	O
marathon	O
negotiating	O
session	O
in	O
The	B-GPE
Hague	I-GPE
.	O


Yugoslav	B-NORP
President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
has	O
visited	O
a	O
tense	O
region	O
near	O
the	O
Serbian	B-NORP
-	O
Kosovo	O
border	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
scene	O
of	O
deadly	O
attacks	O
by	O
ethnic	O
Albanian	B-NORP
separatists	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
arrived	O
in	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Beonovach	B-GPE
late	B-TIME
Monday	I-TIME
and	O
was	O
welcomed	O
by	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
leader	O
pledged	O
to	O
bring	O
peace	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
where	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
fighting	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
between	O
the	O
Albanian	B-NORP
guerillas	O
and	O
Serbian	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
left	O
four	B-CARDINAL
police	O
officers	O
dead	O
.	O


Nato	B-ORG
led	O
peacekeepers	O
have	O
urged	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
authorities	O
and	O
ethnic	O
-	O
Albanian	B-NORP
militants	O
to	O
keep	O
talking	O
to	O
prevent	O
a	O
new	O
round	O
of	O
fighting	O
near	O
Kosovo	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
tension	O
began	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
with	O
ethnic	O
-	O
Albanian	B-NORP
rebels	O
attacking	O
Serb	B-NORP
positions	O
in	O
the	O
Presovo	B-LOC
valley	O
of	O
Serbia	B-GPE
killing	O
four	B-CARDINAL
Serb	B-NORP
policemen	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
democratic	O
government	O
of	O
President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
agreed	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
alliance	O
more	O
time	O
before	O
launching	O
counter	O
attacks	O
to	O
drive	O
out	O
the	O
rebels	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
visited	O
the	O
valley	O
Monday	B-DATE
and	O
pledged	O
to	O
bring	O
peace	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
has	O
begun	O
gearing	O
up	O
for	O
new	O
elections	O
.	O


Representatives	O
from	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
's	O
Labor	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
main	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
opposition	O
Likud	B-ORG
Block	I-ORG
,	O
met	O
to	O
set	O
a	O
date	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
elections	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
news	O
media	O
report	O
the	O
election	O
could	O
be	O
held	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
May	B-DATE
8th	I-DATE
or	O
May	B-DATE
15th	I-DATE
,	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
landslide	O
victory	O
over	O
his	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
predecessor	O
Benjamin	B-PERSON
Netanyahu	I-PERSON
.	O


Welcome	O
to	O
this	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
of	O
VOA	B-WORK_OF_ART
News	I-WORK_OF_ART
Now	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Erin	B-PERSON
Brumett	I-PERSON
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
incredibly	O
close	O
Florida	B-GPE
vote	O
count	O
for	O
President	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
courts	O
and	O
heading	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


That	O
's	O
virtually	O
unprecedented	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
federal	O
courts	O
have	O
tended	O
to	O
stay	O
out	O
of	O
elections	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
the	O
states	O
.	O


Joe	B-PERSON
O'Grossman	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
professor	O
of	O
constitutional	O
law	O
at	O
Baltimore	B-GPE
's	O
Johns	B-ORG
Hopkins	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
says	O
that	O
in	O
this	O
instance	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
probably	O
felt	O
the	O
circumstances	O
were	O
such	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
no	O
real	O
alternative	O
but	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
took	O
the	O
case	O
because	O
it	O
seemed	O
like	O
it	O
was	O
such	O
a	O
important	O
issue	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
kind	O
of	O
unseemly	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
reject	O
it	O
out	O
of	O
hand	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
Lawrence	B-PERSON
Tribe	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Harvard	B-ORG
Law	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
professor	O
who	O
is	O
arguing	O
for	O
Gore	B-PERSON
tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
ask	O
the	O
court	O
to	O
hold	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
moot	O
and	O
dismiss	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
campaign	O
has	O
brought	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
but	O
recognizes	O
that	O
the	O
particular	O
issues	O
that	O
they	O
brought	O
to	O
the	O
court	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
are	O
really	O
not	O
very	O
relevant	O
anymore	O
.	O


,	O
well	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
broaden	O
the	O
case	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
a	O
general	O
referendum	O
on	O
election	O
procedures	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
coronation	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Gore	B-PERSON
people	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
just	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
think	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
better	O
chance	O
in	O
the	O
Florida	B-GPE
courts	O
.	O


Republicans	B-NORP
generally	O
support	O
states	O
'	O
rights	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
does	O
it	O
appear	O
somewhat	O
ironic	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
in	O
this	O
instance	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
first	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
Republicans	B-NORP
favor	O
states	O
'	O
rights	O
and	O
Democrats	B-NORP
oppose	O
it	O
,	O
is	O
much	O
too	O
simplistic	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
generally	O
true	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
only	O
true	O
on	O
some	O
issues	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
you	O
could	O
argue	O
that	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
people	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
to	O
preserve	O
the	O
right	O
of	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
determine	O
its	O
own	O
electors	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
states	O
'	O
rights	O
issue	O
there	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
need	O
,	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
they	O
once	O
thought	O
they	O
needed	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
to	O
endorse	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
goes	O
both	O
ways	O
.	O


What	O
are	O
the	O
justices	O
likely	O
looking	O
for	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
divided	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
unanimous	O
.	O


Obviously	O
,	O
they	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
achieve	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


American	O
election	O
laws	O
are	O
often	O
challenged	O
at	O
the	O
local	O
level	O
and	O
sometimes	O
in	O
the	O
federal	O
courts	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
is	O
certainly	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
we	O
have	O
had	O
a	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
challenge	O
over	O
presidential	O
election	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
new	O
law	O
here	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
law	O
that	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
made	O
yet	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
possible	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
court	O
accepts	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
campaign	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
expressed	O
in	O
the	O
briefs	O
they	O
submitted	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
that	O
the	O
court	O
will	O
in	O
the	O
sense	O
,	O
take	O
the	O
entire	O
issue	O
,	O
even	O
-	O
not	O
just	O
the	O
specific	O
questions	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
asked	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	O
try	O
to	O
resolve	O
the	O
question	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
court	O
says	O
it	O
is	O
clearly	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
legislature	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Florida	B-GPE
can	O
determine	O
for	O
itself	O
who	O
its	O
electors	O
will	O
be	O
,	O
that	O
will	O
pretty	O
much	O
end	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
because	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
the	O
legislature	O
already	O
plans	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
mean	O
the	O
Gore	B-PERSON
people	O
wo	O
n't	O
keep	O
trying	O
,	O
because	O
ultimately	O
Congress	B-ORG
has	O
to	O
decide	O
and	O
only	O
Congress	B-ORG
can	O
decide	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
competing	O
slates	O
of	O
electors	O
submitted	O
,	O
which	O
slate	O
to	O
accept	O
.	O


The	O
Johns	B-ORG
Hopkins	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
constitutional	O
law	O
professor	O
Joe	B-PERSON
O'Grossman	I-PERSON
says	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
still	O
not	O
certain	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
will	O
actually	O
hear	O
the	O
Florida	B-GPE
case	O
.	O


As	O
their	O
first	B-ORDINAL
order	O
,	O
of	O
business	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
attorneys	O
for	O
Vice	O
President	O
Gore	B-PERSON
will	O
move	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
court	O
dismiss	O
the	O
case	O
brought	O
by	O
Republican	B-NORP
George	B-PERSON
W	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
.	O


A	O
beloved	O
American	B-NORP
holiday	O
story	O
comes	O
to	O
the	O
big	O
screen	O
in	O
a	O
Universal	B-ORG
Pictures	I-ORG
comic	O
fantasy	O
starring	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Carey	I-PERSON
.	O


Alan	B-PERSON
Silverman	I-PERSON
has	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
first	O
feature	O
film	O
adaptation	O
of	O
Dr.	O
Seuss	B-PERSON
's	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
How	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Grinch	I-WORK_OF_ART
Stole	I-WORK_OF_ART
Christmas	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


The	O
late	O
Theodore	B-PERSON
Geisel	I-PERSON
,	O
writing	O
under	O
his	O
pen	O
name	O
Dr.	O
Seuss	B-PERSON
,	O
first	O
published	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
How	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Grinch	I-WORK_OF_ART
Stole	I-WORK_OF_ART
Christmas	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
1957	B-DATE
.	O


An	O
instant	O
classic	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
whimsical	O
story	O
of	O
the	O
Grinch	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
mean	O
-	O
spirited	O
hairy	O
green	O
creature	O
who	O
menaces	O
the	O
holiday	O
loving	O
Hus	B-NORP
,	O
who	O
live	O
in	O
Whoville	B-GPE
,	O
until	O
an	O
innocent	O
child	O
Mary	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON
teaches	O
him	O
to	O
find	O
the	O
joy	O
in	O
life	O
.	O


Famed	O
animator	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
Jones	I-PERSON
made	O
it	O
into	O
a	O
television	O
special	O
,	O
and	O
Dr.	O
Seuss	B-PERSON
died	O
in	O
1991	B-DATE
believing	O
that	O
Grinch	B-WORK_OF_ART
could	O
never	O
be	O
made	O
into	O
a	O
movie	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
the	O
blessing	O
of	O
the	O
author	O
's	O
widow	O
,	O
director	O
Ron	B-PERSON
Howard	I-PERSON
set	O
out	O
to	O
film	O
the	O
fantasy	O
,	O
not	O
as	O
a	O
cartoon	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
actors	O
in	O
costumes	O
and	O
settings	O
in	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
the	O
book	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
the	O
book	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
thin	O
,	O
modern	O
fable	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
great	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
got	O
this	O
incredible	O
character	O
in	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
themes	O
are	O
very	O
relatable	O
and	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
contemporary	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
presented	O
in	O
a	O
funny	O
way	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
knew	O
we	O
had	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
movie	O
that	O
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
book	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
we	O
developed	O
it	O
,	O
always	O
knowing	O
that	O
we	O
wanted	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
funny	O
,	O
we	O
wanted	O
it	O
to	O
still	O
maintain	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
that	O
Seussian	O
flavor	O
and	O
we	O
wanted	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Carey	I-PERSON
to	O
have	O
a	O
great	O
opportunity	O
to	O
do	O
his	O
thing	O
within	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
that	O
great	O
character	O
,	O
the	O
Grinch	B-PERSON
.	O


I	O
have	O
always	O
been	O
fascinated	O
with	O
this	O
story	O
,	O
"	O
The	O
Grinch	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


Starter	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Carey	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
Grinch	B-PERSON
is	O
more	O
than	O
just	O
a	O
cold	O
-	O
hearted	O
character	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
outcast	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
did	O
n't	O
feel	O
like	O
he	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
club	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
he	O
gave	O
up	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
do	O
.	O


They	O
kind	O
of	O
go	O
off	O
and	O
on	O
to	O
hell	O
with	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
all	O
that	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
basically	O
a	O
guy	O
who	O
just	O
wants	O
to	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
it	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


He	O
just	O
wants	O
to	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
that	O
show	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


His	O
heart	O
changes	O
for	O
that	O
reason	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
ready	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
like	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


All	O
you	O
need	O
is	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
love	O
,	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
person	O
who	O
reaches	O
out	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
goes	O
like	O
,	O
"	O
I	O
know	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
change	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
that	O
,	O
"	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
so	O
here	O
is	O
your	O
opportunity	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
Cindy	B-PERSON
Lou	I-PERSON
does	O
.	O


Carey	B-PERSON
performs	O
covered	O
head	O
to	O
toe	O
in	O
that	O
green	O
-	O
haired	O
costume	O
.	O


He	O
sneaks	O
behind	O
exquisitely	O
detailed	O
makeup	O
by	O
Oscar	B-WORK_OF_ART
winner	O
Rick	B-PERSON
Backer	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
even	O
his	O
eyes	O
covered	O
with	O
bright	O
yellow	O
contact	O
lenses	O
,	O
he	O
hardly	O
looks	O
like	O
the	O
star	O
of	O
'	B-WORK_OF_ART
Dumb	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dumber	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
'	O
or	O
'	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Truman	I-WORK_OF_ART
Show	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
'	O


Oh	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
recognize	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
hopefully	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
from	O
everything	O
everybody	O
is	O
telling	O
me	O
,	O
I	O
got	O
to	O
a	O
point	O
where	O
even	O
through	O
the	O
contacts	O
you	O
saw	O
the	O
Grinch	B-PERSON
's	O
soul	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
after	O
,	O
as	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
just	O
what	O
you	O
project	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
say	O
"	O
action	O
"	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
still	O
thinking	O
about	O
the	O
suit	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
in	O
trouble	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
thing	O
I	O
am	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
act	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
say	O
"	O
action	O
"	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Grinch	B-PERSON
with	O
his	O
Grinch	B-PERSON
feet	O
,	O
ice	O
cold	O
in	O
the	O
snow	O
,	O
stood	O
puzzling	O
and	O
puzzling	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
puzzled	O
,	O
and	O
puzzled	O
,	O
till	O
his	O
puzzler	O
was	O
sore	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
Grinch	B-PERSON
thought	O
of	O
something	O
he	O
had	O
n't	O
before	O
.	O


,	O
he	O
thought	O
,	O
,	O
maybe	O
Christmas	B-DATE
perhaps	O
means	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
more	O
.	O


Anthony	B-PERSON
Hopkins	I-PERSON
narrates	O
the	O
Dr.	O
Seuss	B-PERSON
's	O
verse	O
.	O


The	O
on	O
-	O
screen	O
cast	O
of	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
How	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Grinch	I-WORK_OF_ART
Stole	I-WORK_OF_ART
Christmas	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
also	O
includes	O
Christine	B-PERSON
Beranski	I-PERSON
and	O
Jeffery	B-PERSON
Tambor	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
introduces	O
young	O
Taylor	B-PERSON
Mumson	I-PERSON
as	O
Mary	B-PERSON
Lou	I-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON
.	O


Alan	B-PERSON
Silverman	I-PERSON
,	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Voice	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
has	O
launched	O
another	O
major	O
appeal	O
for	O
aid	O
for	O
countries	O
facing	O
critical	O
food	O
shortages	O
such	O
as	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
and	O
Angola	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
world	O
body	O
says	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
will	O
need	O
more	O
food	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2001	I-DATE
,	O
because	O
of	O
crop	O
devastation	O
brought	O
on	O
by	O
drought	O
at	O
planting	O
time	O
and	O
typhoons	O
that	O
severely	O
damaged	O
the	O
fall	O
harvest	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
is	O
also	O
appealing	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
229	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
from	O
international	O
donors	O
to	O
help	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
country	O
shattered	O
by	O
years	B-DATE
of	O
war	O
and	O
the	O
worst	O
drought	O
in	O
three	B-DATE
decades	I-DATE
.	O


For	O
Angola	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
is	O
appealing	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
202	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
food	O
aid	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
officials	O
have	O
turned	O
down	O
a	O
new	O
peace	O
proposal	O
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
declared	O
Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
is	O
ready	O
to	O
recognize	O
an	O
independent	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
state	O
,	O
but	O
added	O
that	O
sensitive	O
issues	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
control	O
over	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
,	O
should	O
be	O
set	O
aside	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
leaders	O
rejected	O
the	O
offer	O
,	O
calling	O
it	O
an	O
interim	O
plan	O
that	O
fails	O
to	O
address	O
their	O
core	O
concerns	O
,	O
namely	O
the	O
fate	O
of	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
return	O
of	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
refugees	O
.	O


Iraqi	B-NORP
Deputy	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Tariq	B-PERSON
Aziz	I-PERSON
has	O
reiterated	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
's	O
strong	O
opposition	O
to	O
the	O
resumption	O
of	O
UN	B-ORG
weapons	O
inspections	O
.	O


Wrapping	O
up	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
visit	O
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
Mr.	O
Aziz	B-PERSON
added	O
that	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
is	O
still	O
considering	O
talks	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
on	O
the	O
issue	O
.	O


Earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
UN	B-ORG
officials	O
in	O
New	B-PERSON
York	I-PERSON
said	O
Secretary	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
would	O
be	O
meeting	O
with	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
officials	O
in	O
early	B-DATE
January	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Coler	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
is	O
proposing	O
to	O
transfer	O
to	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
another	B-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
to	O
recognize	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
state	O
under	O
a	O
possible	O
future	O
extended	O
interim	O
accord	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
officials	O
are	O
rejecting	O
the	O
offer	O
saying	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
meet	O
their	O
main	O
concerns	O
over	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
and	O
refugees	O
.	O


Correspondent	O
Eve	B-PERSON
Connan	I-PERSON
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
reports	O
the	O
violence	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Middle	I-GPE
East	I-GPE
continues	O
as	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
and	O
other	O
politicians	O
begin	O
preparing	O
for	O
early	O
elections	O
.	O


Prime	O
Minister	O
Barak	B-PERSON
,	O
offering	O
an	O
unusually	O
detailed	O
description	O
of	O
his	O
peace	O
plan	O
,	O
said	O
Thursday	B-DATE
he	O
would	O
recognize	O
an	O
independent	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
state	O
,	O
but	O
would	O
postpone	O
negotiating	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
control	O
over	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
is	O
hoping	O
to	O
hammer	O
out	O
a	O
peace	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
before	O
facing	O
early	O
elections	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
into	O
what	O
should	O
have	O
been	O
his	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
term	O
.	O


He	O
suggested	O
that	O
if	O
no	O
accord	O
was	O
reached	O
on	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
,	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
should	O
be	O
granted	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
under	O
an	O
interim	O
agreement	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
are	O
seeking	O
a	O
permanent	O
peace	O
deal	O
that	O
would	O
grant	O
them	O
independence	O
and	O
East	B-GPE
Jerusalem	I-GPE
as	O
their	O
capital	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
told	O
a	O
news	O
conference	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
trying	O
to	O
speed	O
up	O
peace	O
negotiations	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
win	O
re-election	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
delay	O
efforts	O
to	O
end	O
the	O
violence	O
.	O


Eve	B-PERSON
Connan	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Colombian	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
says	O
troops	O
have	O
wiped	O
out	O
a	O
leftist	O
guerilla	O
unit	O
in	O
four	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
combat	O
that	O
left	O
26	B-CARDINAL
rebels	O
dead	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
teenagers	O
.	O


The	O
Army	B-ORG
's	O
official	O
news	O
agency	O
says	O
the	O
clashes	O
erupted	O
Monday	B-DATE
in	O
a	O
mountainous	O
region	O
northeast	O
of	O
Bogota	B-GPE
.	O


Army	B-ORG
Commander	O
Orhi	B-PERSON
Mora	I-PERSON
,	O
says	O
32	B-CARDINAL
rebels	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Revolutionary	I-ORG
Armed	I-ORG
Forces	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Colombia	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Farc	B-ORG
,	O
were	O
captured	O
.	O


General	O
Mora	B-PERSON
says	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
rebels	O
in	O
the	O
unit	O
were	O
between	O
the	O
ages	O
of	O
14	B-DATE
and	O
17	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
report	O
any	O
Army	B-ORG
casualties	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
independently	O
confirmed	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
Dave	B-PERSON
Deforest	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
have	O
killed	O
another	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
as	O
clashes	O
continue	O
between	O
Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Witnesses	O
in	O
Ramallah	B-GPE
say	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
was	O
shot	O
Saturday	B-DATE
while	O
working	O
with	O
an	O
electric	O
drill	O
to	O
repair	O
a	O
damaged	O
building	O
.	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
military	O
say	O
soldiers	O
came	O
under	O
fire	O
from	O
the	O
building	O
and	O
returned	O
fire	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
has	O
confiscated	O
the	O
VIP	O
car	O
to	O
the	O
senior	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
official	O
.	O


Colonel	O
Taufiq	B-PERSON
Tarawi	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
director	O
of	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
intelligence	O
was	O
briefly	O
detained	O
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
at	O
a	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
roadblock	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
confiscated	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
permit	O
that	O
grants	O
him	O
free	O
movement	O
in	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
area	O
.	O


The	O
city	O
of	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
has	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
wants	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
city	O
to	O
host	O
the	O
Olympics	B-EVENT
three	O
times	O
.	O


The	O
city	O
that	O
staged	O
the	O
summer	O
games	O
in	O
1932	B-DATE
and	O
1984	B-DATE
is	O
hoping	O
to	O
host	O
the	O
summer	B-DATE
games	O
in	O
2012	B-DATE
.	O


Other	O
US	B-GPE
cities	O
expected	O
to	O
submit	O
bids	O
by	O
the	O
December	B-DATE
15th	I-DATE
deadline	O
are	O
Dallas	B-GPE
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
Baltimore	B-GPE
,	O
Cincinnati	B-GPE
,	O
Houston	B-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
and	O
Tampa	B-GPE
,	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Olympic	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
will	O
make	O
its	O
choice	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
2002	I-DATE
and	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Olympic	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
will	O
select	O
the	O
host	O
city	O
in	O
2005	B-DATE
.	O


Ebola	O
virus	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
feared	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
deadly	O
disease	O
periodically	O
attacks	O
African	B-NORP
villages	O
and	O
kills	O
up	B-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
90	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
those	O
infected	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
a	O
team	O
of	O
researchers	O
led	O
by	O
scientists	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Institutes	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
in	O
Bethesda	B-GPE
,	O
Maryland	B-GPE
has	O
developed	O
a	O
vaccine	O
that	O
prevents	O
Ebola	O
virus	O
infections	O
in	O
monkeys	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Garry	B-PERSON
Nabal	I-PERSON
of	O
NIH	B-ORG
says	O
,	O
the	O
experiment	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
vaccine	O
involved	O
giving	O
four	B-CARDINAL
monkeys	O
the	O
Ebola	O
virus	O
,	O
then	O
injecting	O
them	O
with	O
a	O
placebo	O
immunization	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
no	O
effect	O
.	O


Four	B-CARDINAL
other	O
monkeys	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
Ebola	O
virus	O
DNA	O
and	O
then	O
were	O
injected	O
with	O
a	O
vaccine	O
called	O
Ebola	O
-	O
Adnia	O
virus	O
booster	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
animals	O
that	O
received	O
the	O
control	O
vaccine	O
,	O
i.e.	O
the	O
same	O
vectors	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
expressing	O
the	O
virus	O
proteins	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
animals	O
had	O
died	O
within	O
six	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
challenge	O
.	O


In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
animals	O
who	O
received	O
the	O
DNA	O
plus	O
the	O
Adnia	O
viral	O
vector	O
that	O
made	O
the	O
viral	O
proteins	O
,	O
not	O
only	O
survived	O
the	O
challenge	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
continued	O
to	O
be	O
symptom	O
-	O
free	O
for	O
over	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
time	O
point	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
followed	O
.	O


Scientists	O
must	O
do	O
far	O
more	O
research	O
on	O
this	O
vaccine	O
before	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
it	O
might	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
disease	O
in	O
humans	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Coler	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
Florida	B-GPE
courts	O
are	O
weighing	O
cases	O
that	O
could	O
signally	O
end	O
in	O
the	O
month	B-DATE
-	O
long	O
battle	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
.	O


Decisions	O
were	O
expected	O
swiftly	O
with	O
the	O
December	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE
deadline	O
for	O
Florida	B-GPE
to	O
certify	O
its	O
25	B-CARDINAL
electors	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
will	O
actually	O
choose	O
the	O
next	O
US	B-GPE
President	O
.	O


Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
lawyers	O
for	O
Vice	O
President	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
and	O
Texas	B-GPE
Governor	O
George	B-PERSON
W	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
intense	O
grilling	O
in	O
a	O
Florida	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
hearing	O
on	O
the	O
Democratic	B-NORP
candidate	O
's	O
appeal	O
of	O
the	O
rejection	O
of	O
his	O
request	O
for	O
a	O
recount	O
.	O


His	O
chief	O
lawyer	O
David	B-PERSON
Boyz	I-PERSON
says	O
whatever	O
the	O
court	O
decides	O
,	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
deadline	O
will	O
be	O
met	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
consistently	O
said	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
expect	O
this	O
to	O
be	O
over	O
by	O
December	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE
.	O


We	O
believe	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
over	O
by	O
December	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
if	O
they	O
come	O
out	O
with	O
an	O
order	O
that	O
says	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
count	O
any	O
ballots	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
resolve	O
by	O
December	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE
.	O


If	O
they	O
come	O
out	O
with	O
an	O
order	O
that	O
says	O
we	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
count	O
the	O
ballots	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
start	O
now	O
,	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
resolved	O
by	O
December	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
Bush	B-GPE
legal	O
team	O
made	O
its	O
final	O
arguments	O
in	O
a	O
challenge	O
by	O
Democratic	B-NORP
voters	O
who	O
want	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
absentee	O
ballots	O
thrown	O
out	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
challenge	O
succeeds	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
more	O
than	O
reverse	O
the	O
Texas	B-GPE
Governor	O
's	O
537	O
-	O
vote	O
lead	O
.	O


UN	B-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
AIDS	O
epidemic	O
that	O
has	O
killed	O
an	O
estimated	O
14	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
Africa	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
a	O
test	O
of	O
leadership	O
on	O
the	O
continent	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Annan	B-PERSON
told	O
the	O
conference	O
of	O
African	B-NORP
leaders	O
in	O
Addis	B-GPE
Ababa	I-GPE
,	O
Ethiopia	B-GPE
that	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
HIV	O
AIDS	O
can	O
be	O
halted	O
and	O
future	O
generations	O
must	O
be	O
protected	O
from	O
contracting	O
the	O
virus	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
High	O
Commissioner	O
for	O
Refugees	O
says	O
southwestern	O
Guinea	B-GPE
is	O
on	O
the	O
verge	O
of	O
a	O
major	O
humanitarian	O
disaster	O
because	O
of	O
regional	O
fighting	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Coler	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


At	O
the	B-FAC
United	I-FAC
Nations	I-FAC
,	O
controversy	O
has	O
broken	O
out	O
over	O
a	O
proposal	O
to	O
drastically	O
tighten	O
sanctions	O
against	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
government	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
correspondent	O
Breck	B-PERSON
Ardery	I-PERSON
has	O
more	O
on	O
this	O
from	O
the	B-FAC
United	I-FAC
Nations	I-FAC
.	O


A	O
proposed	O
UN	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
resolution	O
jointly	O
sponsored	O
by	O
Russia	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
would	O
tighten	O
economic	O
sanctions	O
against	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
and	O
ban	O
all	O
weapon	O
shipments	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
proposal	O
goes	O
considerably	O
beyond	O
the	O
existing	O
sanctions	O
,	O
which	O
ban	O
Taliban	B-ORG
air	O
flights	O
and	O
freeze	O
international	O
bank	O
accounts	O
held	O
by	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
.	O


Sponsors	O
say	O
the	O
resolution	O
is	O
specifically	O
meant	O
to	O
pressure	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
,	O
to	O
abandon	O
its	O
support	O
of	O
terrorism	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
surrender	O
indicted	O
terrorist	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
's	O
Ambassador	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Shamsed	B-PERSON
Ahmed	I-PERSON
told	O
reporters	O
his	O
nation	O
is	O
strongly	O
against	O
the	O
resolution	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
wrong	O
way	O
to	O
fight	O
terrorism	O
.	O


We	O
abhor	O
terrorism	O
in	O
all	O
its	O
forms	O
and	O
manifestations	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
with	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
in	O
combating	O
this	O
menace	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


As	O
far	O
as	O
this	O
particular	O
individual	O
is	O
concerned	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
problem	O
that	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
resolved	O
between	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
government	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
now	O
is	O
Taliban	B-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Ahmad	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
instead	O
of	O
sanctions	O
,	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
should	O
engage	O
in	O
a	O
dialogue	O
with	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
,	O
but	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
Ambassador	O
Serge	B-PERSON
Lavroff	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
leadership	O
does	O
not	O
inspire	O
trust	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
never	O
delivered	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
promise	O
,	O
be	O
this	O
to	O
start	O
the	O
dialogue	O
,	O
be	O
this	O
to	O
stop	O
fighting	O
,	O
be	O
this	O
to	O
treat	O
women	O
and	O
girls	O
properly	O
,	O
or	O
any	O
other	O
demand	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
particular	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
support	O
for	O
terrorism	O
.	O


An	O
American	B-NORP
official	O
told	O
reporters	O
the	O
proposed	O
new	O
sanctions	O
are	O
not	O
meant	O
to	O
harm	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


He	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
humanitarian	O
aid	O
is	O
specifically	O
exempt	O
from	O
the	O
sanctions	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
,	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
is	O
currently	O
the	O
largest	O
single	O
donor	O
of	O
food	O
and	O
relief	O
supplies	O
to	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
people	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
aid	O
will	O
continue	O
.	O


Breck	B-PERSON
Ardery	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
United	I-FAC
Nations	I-FAC
.	O


The	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Football	I-ORG
Federation	I-ORG
will	O
pick	O
its	O
player	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
the	O
Special	B-WORK_OF_ART
Player	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Century	I-WORK_OF_ART
award	O
that	O
pits	O
Argentine	B-NORP
hero	O
Diego	B-PERSON
Maradona	I-PERSON
against	O
Brazilian	B-NORP
legend	O
Pele	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
top	O
candidates	O
for	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
player	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
are	O
Real	B-ORG
Madrid	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Louis	B-PERSON
Fego	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
moved	O
from	O
Barcelona	B-ORG
in	O
the	O
most	O
expensive	O
transfer	O
in	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
history	O
.	O


Also	O
nominated	O
,	O
Revaldo	B-PERSON
of	O
Brazil	B-GPE
and	O
French	B-NORP
hero	O
Zenedine	B-PERSON
Zidane	I-PERSON
.	O


Zidane	B-PERSON
led	O
France	B-GPE
to	O
the	O
European	B-NORP
title	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
after	O
helping	O
France	B-GPE
win	O
the	O
World	B-EVENT
Cup	I-EVENT
title	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


There	O
are	O
27	B-CARDINAL
nominees	O
for	O
the	O
Player	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Century	I-WORK_OF_ART
award	O
,	O
but	O
Maradona	B-PERSON
and	O
Pele	B-PERSON
are	O
the	O
favorites	O
.	O


Pele	B-PERSON
led	O
Brazil	B-GPE
to	O
three	B-CARDINAL
World	B-EVENT
Cup	I-EVENT
titles	O
and	O
scored	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
1200	I-CARDINAL
goals	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
been	O
named	O
the	O
'	O
athlete	O
of	O
the	O
century	O
'	O
in	O
a	O
survey	O
of	O
National	B-ORG
Olympic	I-ORG
Committees	I-ORG
.	O


Maradona	B-PERSON
led	O
Argentina	B-GPE
to	O
the	O
World	B-EVENT
Cup	I-EVENT
title	O
in	O
1986	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
led	O
the	O
Italian	B-NORP
club	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
Bob	B-PERSON
.	O


There	O
could	O
be	O
verdicts	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
three	B-CARDINAL
different	O
court	O
cases	O
relating	O
to	O
the	O
State	O
's	O
contested	O
presidential	O
election	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
verdicts	O
are	O
believed	O
to	O
comprise	O
Vice	O
President	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
's	O
last	O
chance	O
to	O
win	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
by	O
reversing	O
George	B-PERSON
W	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
election	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
victory	O
.	O


Corespondent	O
Nick	B-PERSON
Semion	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Tallahassee	B-GPE
where	O
the	O
most	O
closely	O
watched	O
ruling	O
could	O
come	O
from	O
Florida	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
.	O


Florida	B-GPE
's	O
highest	O
court	O
must	O
decide	O
whether	O
to	O
overturn	O
a	O
strongly	O
ordered	O
lower	O
court	O
decision	O
that	O
firmly	O
rejected	O
Vice	O
President	O
Gore	B-PERSON
's	O
request	O
for	O
a	O
hand	O
recount	O
of	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
.	O


The	O
Bush	B-PERSON
campaign	O
says	O
this	O
would	O
amount	O
to	O
rewriting	O
Florida	B-GPE
election	O
law	O
and	O
that	O
no	O
evidence	O
exists	O
that	O
any	O
voter	O
was	O
denied	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
cast	O
the	O
ballot	O
.	O


In	O
two	B-CARDINAL
separate	O
cases	O
,	O
lower	O
courts	O
are	O
considering	O
a	O
demand	O
by	O
pro-Gore	O
voters	O
that	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
absentee	O
ballots	O
be	O
thrown	O
out	O
because	O
Republican	B-NORP
party	O
workers	O
were	O
allowed	O
to	O
adjust	O
ballot	O
applications	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
campaign	O
attorney	O
Matthew	B-PERSON
Staber	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
solution	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
to	O
penalize	O
the	O
wrong	O
people	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
remedy	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
requesting	O
,	O
even	O
the	O
disenfranchisement	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
voice	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
is	O
a	O
price	O
too	O
high	O
to	O
pay	O
.	O


While	O
all	O
this	O
is	O
going	O
on	O
,	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
leaders	O
of	O
Florida	B-GPE
's	O
legislature	O
begin	O
a	O
special	O
session	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
to	O
appoint	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
25	B-CARDINAL
electors	O
,	O
a	O
move	O
designed	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
George	B-PERSON
W	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
is	O
guaranteed	O
enough	O
electoral	O
votes	O
to	O
win	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
.	O


Dick	B-PERSON
Semion	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Tallahassee	B-GPE
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
has	O
blockaded	O
all	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
cities	O
after	O
10	B-CARDINAL
people	O
died	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	B-DATE
worst	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
violence	O
in	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
tank	O
-	O
fire	O
killed	O
five	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
including	O
four	B-CARDINAL
policemen	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
town	O
of	O
Jenine	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
killed	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Palestinian	B-NORP
near	O
Bethlehem	B-GPE
and	O
another	O
in	O
Arab	B-NORP
East	B-GPE
Jerusalem	I-GPE
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
gunmen	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
killed	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Jewish	B-NORP
settlers	O
in	O
a	O
roadside	O
ambush	O
near	O
Hebron	B-GPE
and	O
a	O
third	O
Israeli	B-NORP
in	O
an	O
attack	O
against	O
a	O
bus	O
outside	O
of	O
Jericho	B-GPE
.	O


Traditional	O
international	O
broadcasters	O
like	O
Radio	B-ORG
Prague	I-ORG
and	O
Radio	B-ORG
Slovakia	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
are	O
now	O
facing	O
competition	O
from	O
a	O
private	O
internet	O
venture	O
called	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Internet	I-ORG
Network	I-ORG
or	O
EIN	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
Prague	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
EIN	B-ORG
presently	O
operates	O
country	O
-	O
specific	O
portals	O
with	O
news	O
and	O
information	O
about	O
Albania	B-GPE
,	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
,	O
Bulgaria	B-GPE
,	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
Croatia	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-GPE
Czech	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
,	O
Hungary	B-GPE
,	O
Macedonia	B-GPE
,	O
Poland	B-GPE
,	O
Romania	B-GPE
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
Slovakia	B-GPE
,	O
Slovenia	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
.	O


Portals	O
will	O
be	O
added	O
in	O
2001	B-DATE
for	O
Germany	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
Italy	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Spain	B-GPE
.	O


These	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
web	O
pages	O
contain	O
mainly	O
text	O
,	O
including	O
material	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Reuters	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
plus	O
some	O
pictures	O
.	O


The	O
URL	O
is	O
www.europeaninternet.com	O
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
heads	O
to	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
late	B-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
on	O
what	O
may	O
be	O
his	O
final	O
overseas	O
trip	O
before	O
leaving	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
in	O
January	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
President	O
arrives	O
in	O
Belfast	B-GPE
late	B-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
,	O
after	O
a	O
stopover	O
in	O
Dublin	B-GPE
for	O
talks	O
with	O
Irish	B-NORP
President	O
Mary	B-PERSON
Mckaleese	I-PERSON
and	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Bertie	B-PERSON
Ahern	I-PERSON
.	O


En	O
route	O
to	O
Belfast	B-GPE
,	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
will	O
also	O
stop	O
in	O
the	O
Irish	B-NORP
border	O
town	O
of	O
Dundalk	B-GPE
to	O
deliver	O
a	O
speech	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
will	O
be	O
his	O
third	B-ORDINAL
as	O
President	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
has	O
made	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
in	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
a	O
key	O
foreign	O
policy	O
priority	O
.	O


He	O
supported	O
initiatives	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
1998	B-DATE
Good	B-LAW
Friday	I-LAW
Peace	I-LAW
Accord	I-LAW
and	O
power	O
sharing	O
governments	O
between	O
Catholics	B-NORP
and	O
Protestants	B-NORP
.	O


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
in	O
East	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
has	O
issued	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
indictments	O
of	O
suspects	O
in	O
the	O
atrocities	O
committed	O
during	O
the	O
territory	O
's	O
1999	B-DATE
vote	O
to	O
separate	O
from	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
.	O


Patricia	B-PERSON
Nunan	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Jakarta	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
UN	B-ORG
spokesman	O
says	O
eleven	B-CARDINAL
suspects	O
,	O
including	O
an	O
Indonesian	B-NORP
military	O
officer	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
indicted	O
for	O
murder	O
and	O
the	O
forced	O
of	O
civilians	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Ten	B-CARDINAL
members	O
of	O
an	O
anti-independence	O
militia	O
group	O
and	O
the	O
officer	O
from	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
's	O
Special	B-ORG
Forces	I-ORG
,	O
are	O
accused	O
of	O
killing	O
13	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
that	O
includes	O
the	O
murder	O
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
clergymen	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
church	O
workers	O
and	O
an	O
Indonesian	B-NORP
journalist	O
in	O
the	O
district	O
of	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
1999	I-DATE
.	O


Of	O
the	O
eleven	B-CARDINAL
accused	O
,	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
suspects	O
are	O
being	O
held	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
in	O
East	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
Indonesian	B-NORP
military	O
officer	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
other	O
remain	O
at	O
large	O
.	O


Elements	O
of	O
the	O
Indonesian	B-NORP
military	O
are	O
believed	O
to	O
have	O
organized	O
and	O
supported	O
anti-independence	O
militias	O
and	O
have	O
seized	O
control	O
of	O
East	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
after	O
separated	O
from	O
Indonesia	O
in	O
a	O
UN	B-ORG
sponsored	O
ballot	O
.	O


Three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
bloodshed	O
followed	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
died	O
while	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
fled	O
their	O
homes	O
or	O
were	O
forced	O
to	O
leave	O
by	O
Indonesian	B-NORP
soldiers	O
.	O


The	O
chaos	O
called	O
for	O
the	O
deployment	O
of	O
international	O
peacekeepers	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Timor	I-GPE
,	O
to	O
restore	O
order	O
before	O
full	O
independence	O
expected	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Since	O
then	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
Indonesian	B-NORP
government	O
have	O
been	O
working	O
together	O
to	O
investigate	O
alleged	O
war	O
crimes	O
committed	O
by	O
troops	O
and	O
militia	O
groups	O
.	O


UN	B-ORG
efforts	O
to	O
bring	O
all	O
suspects	O
to	O
justice	O
have	O
been	O
met	O
.	O


Just	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
the	O
investigation	O
hit	O
a	O
stumbling	O
block	O
,	O
when	O
five	B-CARDINAL
Indonesian	B-NORP
policemen	O
refused	O
to	O
appear	O
for	O
questioning	O
as	O
witnesses	O
at	O
the	O
Attorney	O
General	O
's	O
office	O
.	O


Their	O
lawyers	O
argued	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
legally	O
bound	O
to	O
cooperate	O
with	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
probe	O
.	O


UN	B-ORG
officials	O
hope	O
the	O
Jakarta	B-GPE
side	O
of	O
the	O
investigation	O
will	O
resume	O
early	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
new	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Patricia	B-PERSON
Nunan	I-PERSON
for	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Jakarta	B-GPE
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
leaves	O
for	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
shortly	O
on	O
a	O
diplomatic	O
mission	O
aimed	O
at	O
bolstering	O
the	O
1998	B-DATE
power	O
sharing	O
accord	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
scheduled	O
to	O
arrive	O
in	O
Belfast	B-GPE
late	B-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
after	O
a	O
stopover	O
in	O
Dublin	B-GPE
for	O
talks	O
with	O
Irish	B-NORP
President	O
Mary	B-PERSON
Mckleese	I-PERSON
and	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Bertie	B-PERSON
Ahern	I-PERSON
.	O


En	O
route	O
to	O
Belfast	B-GPE
,	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
will	O
also	O
visit	O
the	O
Irish	B-NORP
border	O
town	O
of	O
Dundalk	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
,	O
both	O
pledged	O
full	O
cooperation	O
Monday	B-DATE
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
led	O
commission	O
of	O
inquiry	O
into	O
the	O
causes	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
spiral	O
of	O
clashes	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
five	B-CARDINAL
-	O
member	O
panel	O
headed	O
by	O
former	O
US	B-GPE
Senator	O
and	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
mediator	O
George	B-PERSON
Mitchell	I-PERSON
held	O
talks	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Barak	B-PERSON
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
and	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


A	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
conference	O
on	O
wiping	O
out	O
organized	O
crime	O
opens	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
in	O
Sicily	B-GPE
.	O


Security	O
is	O
tight	O
as	O
UN	B-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
Kofi	B-PERSON
Annan	I-PERSON
and	O
other	O
delegates	O
converge	O
on	O
the	O
capital	O
Palermo	B-GPE
.	O


Agenda	O
topics	O
include	O
money	O
laundering	O
and	O
the	O
illegal	O
drug	O
trade	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-GPE
Middle	I-GPE
East	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
parliament	O
gave	O
preliminary	O
approval	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
to	O
a	O
bill	O
that	O
would	O
allow	O
former	O
leader	O
Benjamin	B-PERSON
Netanyahu	I-PERSON
to	O
run	O
for	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
against	O
Labor	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
leader	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
missile	O
destroyer	O
`	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
'	O
,	O
badly	O
damaged	O
by	O
a	O
terrorist	O
bombing	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
has	O
returned	O
to	O
a	O
shipyard	O
in	O
the	O
southern	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
for	O
repairs	O
.	O


Carried	O
by	O
another	O
large	O
vessel	O
the	O
crippled	O
US	B-GPE
destroyer	O
completed	O
its	O
long	O
trip	O
across	O
the	B-LOC
Atlantic	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
Wednesday	B-DATE
.	O


Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
is	O
due	O
to	O
arrive	O
in	O
Havana	B-GPE
a	B-TIME
few	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
from	O
now	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
post-Soviet	B-NORP
leader	O
to	O
visit	O
Cuba	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
will	O
be	O
officially	O
welcomed	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Palace	I-FAC
of	I-FAC
the	I-FAC
Revolution	I-FAC
,	O
Thursday	B-DATE
morning	B-TIME
.	O


President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
began	O
an	O
official	O
visit	O
to	O
Cuba	B-GPE
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
by	O
a	O
Russian	B-NORP
leader	O
since	O
the	O
collapse	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
almost	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
's	O
Sonia	B-PERSON
Paes	I-PERSON
reports	O
that	O
unlike	O
Soviet	B-NORP
leaders	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
intends	O
to	O
concentrate	O
on	O
business	O
,	O
not	O
politics	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
old	O
days	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Cold	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
when	O
Soviet	B-NORP
leaders	O
met	O
with	O
Cuba	B-GPE
's	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
,	O
it	O
was	O
usually	O
a	O
time	O
for	O
bear	O
hugs	O
and	O
long	O
and	O
often	O
fiery	O
ideological	O
speeches	O
.	O


Times	O
have	O
changed	O
.	O


Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
has	O
made	O
it	O
clear	O
he	O
brings	O
no	O
ideological	O
baggage	O
with	O
him	O
to	O
Cuba	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
political	O
analyst	O
Andre	B-PERSON
Reabov	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Carnegie	I-ORG
Endowment	I-ORG
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
strengthening	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
business	O
and	O
economic	O
ties	O
with	O
Cuba	B-GPE
are	O
a	O
priority	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
.	O


Seems	O
to	O
me	O
that	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
goals	O
of	O
this	O
visit	O
is	O
to	O
help	O
,	O
maybe	O
to	O
advance	O
the	O
interest	O
of	O
Russian	B-NORP
companies	O
in	O
this	O
island	O
and	O
maybe	O
to	O
restore	O
the	O
economical	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	B-GPE
Russian	I-GPE
Federation	I-GPE
and	O
Cuba	B-GPE
.	O


During	O
Soviet	B-NORP
times	O
,	O
Moscow	B-GPE
poured	O
in	O
cash	O
to	O
subsidize	O
the	O
Cuban	B-NORP
economy	O
.	O


The	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
provided	O
Cuba	B-GPE
with	O
oil	O
,	O
petroleum	O
products	O
,	O
foodstuffs	O
and	O
heavy	O
machinery	O
.	O


In	O
return	O
Moscow	B-GPE
took	O
Cuban	B-NORP
sugar	O
,	O
citrus	O
fruits	O
,	O
nickel	O
and	O
cobalt	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
bilateral	O
trade	O
is	O
a	O
fraction	O
of	O
what	O
it	O
once	O
was	O
and	O
stands	O
at	O
under	B-MONEY
one	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
.	O


President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
has	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
mistake	O
to	O
let	O
that	O
relationship	O
wither	O
and	O
to	O
allow	O
foreign	O
competitors	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
place	O
that	O
Russian	B-NORP
enterprises	O
once	O
held	O
.	O


The	O
debt	O
issue	O
is	O
certain	O
to	O
come	O
up	O
during	O
talks	O
in	O
Havana	B-GPE
.	O


Moscow	B-GPE
would	O
like	O
to	O
see	O
Cuba	B-GPE
repay	O
some	O
of	O
the	B-MONEY
billions	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
it	O
still	O
owes	O
from	O
loans	O
that	O
date	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
era	O
.	O


No	O
breakthrough	O
agreements	O
are	O
expected	O
but	O
discussions	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
also	O
focus	O
on	O
finishing	O
or	O
reactivating	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
projects	O
begun	O
during	O
Soviet	B-NORP
times	O
.	O


The	O
Russian	B-NORP
leader	O
meets	O
with	O
President	O
Castro	B-PERSON
Thursday	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
and	O
is	O
also	O
to	O
hold	O
talks	O
with	O
National	B-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
President	O
Ricardo	B-PERSON
Alarkon	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
issue	O
of	O
Cuban	B-NORP
-	O
American	O
affairs	O
is	O
another	O
likely	O
topic	O
of	O
discussion	O
.	O


On	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
President	O
Putin	B-PERSON
called	O
for	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
trade	O
embargo	O
against	O
Cuba	B-GPE
.	O


Political	O
analyst	O
Riyardov	B-PERSON
thinks	O
Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
would	O
like	O
to	O
encourage	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
a	O
between	O
Havana	B-GPE
and	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
much	O
as	O
he	O
has	O
tried	O
to	O
do	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
with	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
tried	O
to	O
play	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
mediator	O
between	O
the	O
Kinshumir	B-PERSON
regime	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Northern	I-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
administration	O
.	O


Seems	O
to	O
me	O
he	O
would	O
delight	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
same	O
line	O
in	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
Castro	B-GPE
's	O
regime	O
and	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
administration	O
too	O
.	O


Such	O
an	O
attempt	O
would	O
be	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
overall	O
foreign	O
policy	O
agenda	O
.	O


He	O
wants	O
to	O
enhance	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
standing	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
he	O
believes	O
that	O
Moscow	B-GPE
must	O
assume	O
a	O
greater	O
role	O
in	O
international	O
affairs	O
.	O


After	O
talks	O
in	O
Havana	B-GPE
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
wife	O
are	O
scheduled	O
to	O
head	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Cuba	B-GPE
's	O
premier	O
beach	O
resorts	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
rest	O
before	O
traveling	O
on	O
to	O
Canada	B-GPE
.	O


Sonia	B-PERSON
Paes	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
's	O
parliament	O
has	O
given	O
preliminary	O
approval	O
to	O
legislation	O
allowing	O
former	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Benjamin	B-PERSON
Netanyahu	I-PERSON
to	O
run	O
in	O
an	O
upcoming	O
special	O
election	O
.	O


Under	O
current	O
law	O
Mr.	O
Netanyahu	B-PERSON
is	O
barred	O
from	O
participating	O
because	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
Member	O
of	O
Parliament	B-ORG
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
have	O
killed	O
four	B-CARDINAL
Palestinian	B-NORP
policemen	O
at	O
a	O
refugee	O
camp	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
entered	O
the	O
Khan	B-FAC
Younus	I-FAC
camp	O
after	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
gunmen	O
fired	O
at	O
Israeli	B-NORP
bulldozers	O
leveling	O
an	O
earthen	O
barrier	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
warship	O
`	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
'	O
,	O
badly	O
damaged	O
by	O
a	O
terrorist	O
bombing	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
now	O
at	O
a	O
shipyard	O
in	O
the	O
southern	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
for	O
repairs	O
.	O


Carried	O
by	O
another	O
larger	O
vessel	O
,	O
the	O
crippled	O
US	B-GPE
destroyer	O
completed	O
its	O
long	O
trip	O
across	O
the	B-LOC
Atlantic	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
on	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
.	O


Jerry	B-PERSON
Sink	I-PERSON
Pae	I-PERSON
is	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
Liton	B-ORG
Ship	I-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
repair	O
company	O
that	O
will	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
vessel	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
personal	O
commitment	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
work	O
force	O
.	O


Among	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
people	O
who	O
'll	O
be	O
working	O
on	O
this	O
ship	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
members	O
of	O
our	O
workforce	O
that	O
built	O
this	O
ship	O
three	B-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
,	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Seventeen	B-CARDINAL
US	B-GPE
sailors	O
were	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
attack	O
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
Sheehen	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
top	O
counter	O
terrorism	O
official	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
told	O
Congress	B-ORG
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
after	O
the	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
attack	O
numerous	O
people	O
left	O
Yemen	B-GPE
for	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
he	O
said	O
they	O
can	O
hide	O
with	O
little	O
fear	O
of	O
.	O


Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
is	O
set	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
Cuban	B-NORP
President	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
in	O
Havana	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
Russian	B-NORP
leader	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
collecting	O
some	O
of	O
the	B-MONEY
billions	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
Soviet	B-NORP
era	O
debt	O
still	O
owed	O
to	O
Moscow	B-GPE
by	O
Cuba	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
says	O
it	O
may	O
invite	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
as	O
part	O
of	O
efforts	O
to	O
resume	O
Mid	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
peace	O
negotiations	O
.	O


State	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
spokesman	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Boucher	I-PERSON
said	O
Washington	B-GPE
is	O
exploring	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
hosting	O
direct	O
talks	O
between	O
negotiators	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
bridge	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


A	O
senior	O
US	B-GPE
official	O
added	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
agree	O
,	O
the	O
talks	O
could	O
take	O
place	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
middle	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
next	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
commitment	O
follows	O
a	O
surprise	O
meeting	O
between	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Shlomo	B-PERSON
Ben	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
negotiator	O
Gilead	B-PERSON
Share	I-PERSON
left	O
the	O
meeting	O
saying	O
an	O
agreement	O
is	O
still	O
possible	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
still	O
our	O
assessment	O
that	O
such	O
an	O
agreement	O
is	O
possible	O
within	O
the	O
framework	O
of	O
what	O
we	O
call	O
in	O
a	O
generic	O
name	O
,	O
Camp	B-FAC
David	I-FAC
.	O


Under	O
this	O
notion	O
we	O
do	O
assess	O
that	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leadership	O
understand	O
and	O
realize	O
now	O
,	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
fair	O
,	O
just	O
and	O
reasonable	O
set	O
of	O
ideas	O
that	O
could	O
well	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
framework	O
for	O
a	O
permanent	O
status	O
.	O


The	O
bid	O
for	O
talks	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
more	O
violence	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
killed	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
six	I-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
during	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
clashes	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
administration	O
is	O
expressing	O
confidence	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
will	O
vote	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
to	O
tighten	O
sanctions	O
against	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
's	O
dominant	O
Taliban	B-ORG
faction	O
.	O


Assistant	O
US	B-GPE
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
for	O
South	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
Affairs	O
Carl	B-PERSON
Enderforth	I-PERSON
said	O
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
's	O
refusal	O
to	O
comply	O
with	O
a	O
UN	B-ORG
anti-terrorism	O
resolution	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
forced	O
the	O
move	O
to	O
toughen	O
sanctions	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
trade	O
and	O
humanitarian	O
shipments	O
of	O
food	O
and	O
medicine	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
religious	O
pilgrimages	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
affected	O
.	O


Tornadoes	O
have	O
hit	O
the	O
southern	O
state	O
of	O
Alabama	B-GPE
as	O
rain	O
,	O
hail	O
and	O
snow	O
continued	O
to	O
pound	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Warren	B-PERSON
Beck	I-PERSON
is	O
the	O
Mayor	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
hard	O
hit	O
Alabama	B-GPE
town	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
floods	O
,	O
our	O
city	O
's	O
been	O
flooded	O
two	B-CARDINAL
or	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
and	O
of	O
course	O
we	O
are	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
Gulf	B-LOC
where	O
we	O
're	O
used	O
to	O
hurricanes	O
but	O
we	O
are	O
kind	O
of	O
low	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
a	O
low	O
city	O
and	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
used	O
to	O
tornadoes	O
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
reported	O
killed	O
in	O
Alabama	B-GPE
,	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
injured	O
when	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
twisters	O
struck	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
rural	O
state	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
central	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
from	O
Texas	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
south	O
to	O
the	O
northern	O
plains	O
,	O
North	B-GPE
Dakota	I-GPE
,	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
remained	O
without	O
electricity	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
Dave	B-PERSON
Deforest	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
telephoned	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
Saturday	B-DATE
in	O
a	O
bid	O
to	O
restart	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
peace	O
negotiations	O
.	O


An	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
advisor	O
told	O
reporters	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
leaders	O
agreed	O
to	O
work	O
together	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
reach	O
a	O
peace	O
agreement	O
.	O


Yugoslav	B-NORP
President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
held	O
a	O
top	O
level	O
meeting	O
Saturday	B-DATE
near	O
the	O
Kosovo	B-GPE
border	O
concerning	O
ethnic	O
violence	O
in	O
Serbia	B-GPE
's	O
Presovo	B-LOC
Valley	I-LOC
region	O
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
with	O
federal	O
and	O
Serb	B-NORP
officials	O
was	O
held	O
amid	O
concerns	O
that	O
armed	O
Albanian	B-NORP
rebels	O
are	O
strengthening	O
their	O
presence	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
says	O
separate	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
delegations	O
will	O
travel	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
to	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


Speaking	O
with	O
reporters	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
Mr.	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
delegations	O
would	O
go	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
to	O
discuss	O
how	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


The	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
Information	O
Minister	O
says	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
delegation	O
will	O
begin	O
talks	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
Tuesday	B-DATE
.	O


AN	O
Israeli	B-NORP
delegation	O
headed	O
by	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Shlomo	B-PERSON
Ben	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
is	O
due	O
to	O
leave	O
for	O
Qashington	B-GPE
later	B-TIME
today	I-TIME
.	O


Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Canada	B-GPE
for	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
official	O
visit	O
to	O
discuss	O
economic	O
and	O
security	O
issues	O
with	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Jean	B-PERSON
Chretian	I-PERSON
and	O
other	O
officials	O
.	O


The	O
Russian	B-NORP
leader	O
flew	O
to	O
Ottawa	B-GPE
Sunday	B-DATE
from	O
Cuba	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
he	O
and	O
President	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
held	O
talks	O
aimed	O
at	O
renewing	O
the	O
Cold	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
era	O
friendship	O
between	O
Moscow	B-GPE
and	O
Havana	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
Canada	B-GPE
is	O
expected	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
building	O
better	O
economic	O
and	O
diplomatic	O
ties	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
Palestinian	B-NORP
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
delegations	O
travel	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
for	O
separate	O
talks	O
with	O
US	B-GPE
officials	O
on	O
reviving	O
the	O
stalled	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


As	O
Ross	B-PERSON
Dunn	I-PERSON
reports	O
,	O
word	O
of	O
this	O
week	B-DATE
's	O
talks	O
came	O
from	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
says	O
separate	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
will	O
head	O
for	O
Washington	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
to	O
hold	O
talks	O
with	O
US	B-GPE
officials	O
on	O
ways	O
to	O
revive	O
the	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
peace	O
process	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
officials	O
have	O
maintained	O
contacts	O
since	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
violence	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
september	I-DATE
but	O
formal	O
negotiations	O
had	O
been	O
suspended	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
also	O
says	O
he	O
's	O
willing	O
to	O
meet	O
face	O
to	O
face	O
with	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Barak	B-PERSON
if	O
it	O
would	O
help	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
peace	O
,	O
but	O
such	O
a	O
meeting	O
,	O
he	O
adds	O
,	O
should	O
be	O
well	O
prepared	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
Information	O
Minister	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Abid	I-PERSON
Rabo	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
delegation	O
will	O
leave	O
for	O
Washington	B-GPE
on	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
says	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
want	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
if	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
have	O
any	O
new	O
proposals	O
to	O
put	O
on	O
the	O
table	O
and	O
to	O
discuss	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
administration	O
whether	O
there	O
is	O
any	O
possibility	O
of	O
resuming	O
the	O
negotiations	O
.	O


Ross	B-PERSON
Dunn	I-PERSON
for	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
am	O
David	B-PERSON
Coler	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


President	O
-	O
elect	O
George	B-PERSON
W	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
made	O
more	O
cabinet	O
appointments	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
named	O
Al	B-ORG
Koha	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Paul	B-PERSON
O'Neil	I-PERSON
as	O
Treasury	B-ORG
Secretary	O
and	O
former	O
California	B-ORG
Food	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Agriculture	I-ORG
Secretary	O
Anne	B-PERSON
Venemon	I-PERSON
as	O
Secretary	O
of	O
Agriculture	B-ORG
.	O


He	O
also	O
named	O
an	O
old	O
friend	O
,	O
an	O
oil	O
business	O
associate	O
,	O
Don	B-PERSON
Evans	I-PERSON
as	O
Secretary	O
of	O
Commerce	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
promotion	O
of	O
free	O
enterprise	O
first	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
and	O
then	O
abroad	O
will	O
be	O
our	O
first	B-ORDINAL
priority	O
.	O


Free	O
flow	O
of	O
capital	O
,	O
free	O
and	O
open	O
competition	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
strive	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
advocate	O
for	O
US	B-GPE
businesses	O
first	B-ORDINAL
in	O
America	B-GPE
and	O
also	O
those	O
wading	O
into	O
the	O
waters	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
market	O
place	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
also	O
named	O
former	O
Cuban	B-NORP
refugee	O
Mel	B-PERSON
Martinez	I-PERSON
as	O
Secretary	O
of	O
Housing	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Urban	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Martinez	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
close	O
political	O
ally	O
of	O
the	O
President	O
-	O
elect	O
's	O
brother	O
,	O
Florida	B-GPE
Governor	O
Jeb	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
will	O
step	O
down	O
Thursday	B-DATE
as	O
Governor	O
of	O
Texas	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
met	O
with	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
Wednesday	B-DATE
and	O
pledged	O
to	O
continue	O
working	O
toward	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
peace	O
agreement	O
.	O


US	B-GPE
mediated	O
talks	O
resumed	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Correspondent	O
Deborah	B-PERSON
Tate	I-PERSON
reports	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Shlomo	B-PERSON
Ben	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiator	O
Sayeeb	B-PERSON
Erekat	I-PERSON
met	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
for	O
about	B-TIME
forty	I-TIME
-	I-TIME
five	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
and	O
exchanged	O
views	O
on	O
how	O
best	O
to	O
move	O
this	O
stalled	O
peace	O
process	O
forward	O
.	O


Emerging	O
from	O
the	O
meeting	O
Mr.	O
Ben	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
sounded	O
an	O
upbeat	O
note	O
.	O


The	O
reflections	O
of	O
the	O
President	O
were	O
very	O
helpful	O
and	O
we	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
back	O
now	O
to	O
the	O
negotiating	O
table	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Erekat	B-PERSON
was	O
more	O
subdued	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
facing	O
major	O
difficulties	O
and	O
serious	O
differences	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Erekat	B-PERSON
and	O
Mr.	O
Ben	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
said	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
left	O
in	O
office	O
,	O
expressed	O
his	O
willingness	O
to	O
host	O
a	O
summit	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leaders	O
but	O
only	O
if	O
such	O
a	O
meeting	O
results	O
in	O
a	O
deal	O
.	O


Deborah	B-PERSON
Tate	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
.	O


An	O
international	O
team	O
is	O
developing	O
a	O
vaccine	O
against	O
Alzheimer	O
's	O
Disease	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
trying	O
it	O
out	O
on	O
a	O
new	O
and	O
improved	O
mouse	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
onus	O
.	O


Correspondent	O
Jessica	B-PERSON
Berman	I-PERSON
explains	O
.	O


Scientists	O
working	O
on	O
a	O
vaccine	O
against	O
Alzheimer	O
's	O
give	O
a	O
progress	O
report	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
journal	O
Nature	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


The	O
vaccine	O
has	O
only	O
been	O
tested	O
in	O
mice	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
bred	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
Alzheimer	O
's	O
Disease	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
humans	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
University	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Toronto	I-ORG
researcher	O
David	B-PERSON
Westaway	I-PERSON
,	O
another	O
team	O
of	O
scientists	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
took	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
step	O
toward	O
an	O
Alzheimer	O
's	O
vaccine	O
.	O


That	O
team	O
injected	O
a	O
small	O
amount	O
of	O
amyloid	O
protein	O
,	O
which	O
accumulates	O
in	O
brains	O
of	O
Alzheimer	O
's	O
patients	O
and	O
injected	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
mice	O
's	O
abdomens	O
.	O


The	O
injection	O
prompted	O
the	O
animals	O
'	O
immune	O
systems	O
to	O
kick	O
in	O
and	O
clean	O
up	O
the	O
amyloid	O
deposits	O
in	O
the	O
rodents	O
'	O
brains	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
mice	O
never	O
had	O
any	O
difficulties	O
with	O
learning	O
and	O
memory	O
.	O


In	O
Dr.	O
Westaway	B-PERSON
's	O
view	O
,	O
this	O
made	O
the	O
vaccine	O
sort	O
of	O
pointless	O
,	O
since	O
learning	O
and	O
memory	O
problems	O
are	O
a	O
hallmark	O
of	O
Alzheimer	O
's	O
Disease	O
.	O


So	O
his	O
research	O
team	O
decided	O
to	O
test	O
a	O
vaccine	O
in	O
mice	O
with	O
Alzheimer	O
's	O
more	O
like	O
that	O
seen	O
in	O
many	O
humans	O
.	O


Now	O
normally	O
Alzheimer	O
's	O
Disease	O
might	O
have	O
this	O
strong	O
deficit	O
in	O
learning	O
and	O
memory	O
,	O
actually	O
in	O
our	O
experiments	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
navigate	O
around	O
a	O
small	O
tank	O
of	O
water	O
using	O
cues	O
pinned	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
wall	O
of	O
the	O
testing	O
room	O
,	O
and	O
once	O
we	O
started	O
immunizing	O
the	O
mice	O
against	O
the	O
Alzheimer	O
Disease	O
peptides	O
then	O
the	O
performance	O
showed	O
a	O
dramatic	O
improvement	O
such	O
as	O
they	O
came	O
very	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
regular	O
mice	O
that	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
genetically	O
engineered	O
to	O
resemble	O
Alzheimer	O
's	O
Disease	O
.	O


A	O
second	B-ORDINAL
Alzheimer	O
's	O
vaccine	O
experiment	O
was	O
also	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
journal	O
Nature	B-WORK_OF_ART
by	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
University	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
South	I-ORG
Florida	I-ORG
scientists	O
in	O
Tampa	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
published	O
paper	O
researchers	O
formally	O
described	O
how	O
they	O
genetically	O
engineered	O
a	O
mouse	O
model	O
of	O
Alzheimer	O
's	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
human	O
disease	O
,	O
complete	O
with	O
memory	O
and	O
learning	O
impairment	O
.	O


Neuroscientist	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Chapman	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Cardiff	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Bio-Sciences	I-ORG
in	O
Wales	B-GPE
,	O
wrote	O
an	O
article	O
in	O
the	O
magazine	O
commenting	O
on	O
the	O
developments	O
.	O


We	O
all	O
know	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
to	O
go	O
before	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
cure	O
for	O
Alzheimer	O
's	O
Disease	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
get	O
there	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
have	O
confidence	O
that	O
we	O
understand	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
what	O
we	O
call	O
a	O
model	O
system	O
for	O
predicting	O
whether	O
these	O
treatments	O
will	O
work	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
these	O
papers	O
are	O
now	O
showing	O
us	O
that	O
behaviorally	O
these	O
models	O
do	O
what	O
humans	O
do	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
they	O
behave	O
more	O
poorly	O
as	O
they	O
age	O
if	O
they	O
have	O
Alzheimer	O
's	O
genes	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
these	O
treatments	O
can	O
reverse	O
that	O
,	O
it	O
just	O
means	O
we	O
have	O
that	O
much	O
more	O
confidence	O
these	O
treatments	O
will	O
work	O
in	O
humans	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
related	O
development	O
an	O
international	O
team	O
of	O
researchers	O
reports	O
in	O
the	O
latest	O
issue	O
of	O
the	O
journal	O
Science	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
that	O
a	O
genetic	O
mutation	O
in	O
an	O
area	O
of	O
chromosome	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
may	O
put	O
some	O
people	O
at	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
late	O
onset	O
Alzheimer	O
's	O
Disease	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
form	O
of	O
dementia	O
in	O
the	O
elderly	O
.	O


Jessica	B-PERSON
Berman	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Well	O
Tony	B-PERSON
,	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
will	O
host	O
a	O
meeting	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
Saturday	B-DATE
,	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
who	O
are	O
holding	O
talks	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
talks	O
are	O
aimed	O
at	O
putting	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
back	O
on	O
track	O
after	O
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	O
violence	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
Dave	B-PERSON
Deforest	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
given	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
delegates	O
some	O
new	O
proposals	O
that	O
could	O
still	O
open	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
a	O
peace	O
agreement	O
before	O
he	O
leaves	O
office	O
January	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
White	B-FAC
House	I-FAC
meeting	O
capped	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
of	O
closed	O
door	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
talks	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


VOA	B-ORG
's	O
David	B-PERSON
Gallust	I-PERSON
has	O
more	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
says	O
the	O
proposals	O
deal	O
with	O
both	O
the	O
substance	O
and	O
procedure	O
for	O
a	O
peace	O
accord	O
and	O
the	O
signs	O
are	O
to	O
report	O
back	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
on	O
whether	O
there	O
are	O
grounds	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
conclude	O
an	O
agreement	O
.	O


A	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
spokesman	O
described	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
of	O
US	B-GPE
mediated	O
talks	O
as	O
constructive	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
parties	O
had	O
differing	O
assessments	O
with	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiator	O
Sayeb	B-PERSON
Erekat	I-PERSON
saying	O
major	O
gaps	O
remain	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
difficult	O
.	O


The	O
gaps	O
are	O
there	O
.	O


We	O
exerted	O
maximum	O
efforts	O
and	O
we	O
'll	O
continue	O
to	O
exert	O
maximum	O
efforts	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
conclude	O
an	O
agreement	O
.	O


For	O
his	O
part	O
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Shlomo	B-PERSON
Ben	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
seemed	O
more	O
optimistic	O
.	O


Inevitably	O
differences	O
remain	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
feel	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
very	O
encouraging	O
round	O
of	O
talks	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Ben	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
said	O
the	O
next	O
step	O
might	O
be	O
separate	O
Washington	B-GPE
visits	O
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leaders	O
.	O


US	B-GPE
officials	O
say	O
a	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
way	O
summit	O
would	O
happen	O
only	O
if	O
an	O
agreement	O
was	O
in	O
hand	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Gallust	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
.	O


Reformist	O
allies	O
of	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
have	O
scored	O
a	O
decisive	O
victory	O
in	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
Serbian	B-NORP
parliamentary	O
elections	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
opposition	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Serbia	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
supports	O
the	O
President	O
,	O
estimates	O
it	O
has	O
won	O
65	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
vote	O
.	O


The	O
coalition	O
took	O
power	O
after	O
a	O
popular	O
uprising	O
ousted	O
long	O
time	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
in	O
October	B-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
's	O
Socialist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
and	O
its	O
allies	O
won	O
about	O
1	B-CARDINAL
/	I-CARDINAL
5th	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
vote	O
.	O


Well	O
Bob	B-PERSON
,	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
negotiators	O
left	O
for	O
home	O
on	O
Saturday	B-DATE
after	O
five	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
talks	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
ended	O
without	O
a	O
breakthrough	O
.	O


Both	O
delegations	O
say	O
they	O
will	O
report	O
back	O
to	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
to	O
determine	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
the	O
troubled	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


Reformist	O
allies	O
of	O
Yugoslavic	B-NORP
President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
have	O
scored	O
a	O
decisive	O
victory	O
in	O
Saturday	B-DATE
's	O
Serbian	B-NORP
parliamentary	O
elections	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Opposition	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Serbia	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
supports	O
the	O
President	O
,	O
estimates	O
it	O
won	O
65	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
vote	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
has	O
approved	O
a	O
major	O
overhaul	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
body	O
's	O
finances	O
.	O


Delegates	O
voted	O
on	O
a	O
measure	O
to	O
cut	O
American	B-NORP
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
administrative	O
and	O
peacekeeping	O
budgets	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
over	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Security	O
is	O
on	O
high	O
alert	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Delhi	I-GPE
following	O
Friday	B-DATE
's	O
killing	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
people	O
including	O
an	O
Indian	B-NORP
soldier	O
by	O
suspected	O
Muslim	B-NORP
militants	O
.	O


Indian	B-NORP
troops	O
are	O
searching	O
for	O
two	B-CARDINAL
suspected	O
Muslim	B-NORP
militants	O
who	O
allegedly	O
carried	O
out	O
the	O
attack	O
at	O
the	O
historic	O
Red	B-FAC
Fort	I-FAC
in	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
Delhi	I-GPE
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
negotiators	O
are	O
headed	O
home	O
with	O
some	O
ideas	O
put	O
forward	O
by	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
after	O
failing	O
to	O
reach	O
a	O
breakthrough	O
in	O
their	O
talks	O
with	O
US	B-GPE
officials	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
negotiators	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
report	O
back	O
by	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
after	O
discussing	O
the	O
ideas	O
with	O
top	O
officials	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
meeting	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
Saturday	B-DATE
,	O
none	O
of	O
those	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
talks	O
would	O
give	O
details	O
about	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
ideas	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
break	O
this	O
stalemate	O
and	O
proceed	O
toward	O
a	O
peace	O
settlement	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
meeting	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Shlomo	B-PERSON
Ben	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
would	O
only	O
say	O
that	O
formidable	O
obstacles	O
remain	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
still	O
too	O
early	O
to	O
confirm	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
deliberate	O
between	O
ourselves	O
on	O
whether	O
we	O
see	O
these	O
ideas	O
that	O
were	O
raised	O
here	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
an	O
end	O
game	O
.	O


Chief	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiator	O
Sayeeb	B-PERSON
Erekat	I-PERSON
told	O
reporters	O
that	O
serious	O
differences	O
continue	O
concerning	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
,	O
refugee	O
,	O
security	O
and	O
territorial	O
issues	O
.	O


Major	O
gaps	O
still	O
exist	O
.	O


This	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
we	O
've	O
heard	O
ideas	O
from	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
.	O


We	O
will	O
convey	O
to	O
President	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
and	O
then	O
we	O
'll	O
take	O
it	O
from	O
there	O
as	O
to	O
what	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
next	O
step	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
working	O
hard	O
for	O
a	O
peace	O
deal	O
before	O
he	O
leaves	O
office	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


There	O
are	O
reports	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
meet	O
separately	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
,	O
then	O
decide	O
if	O
there	O
was	O
reason	O
for	O
a	O
three	B-CARDINAL
way	O
summit	O
,	O
but	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
is	O
calling	O
talks	O
of	O
such	O
a	O
summit	O
premature	O
.	O


A	O
US	B-GPE
official	O
says	O
Islamic	B-NORP
terrorists	O
planned	O
multiple	O
attacks	O
on	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
Jordanian	B-NORP
targets	O
last	B-DATE
January	I-DATE
.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
Clark	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
administration	O
's	O
Counter-terrorism	O
Chief	O
,	O
told	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
the	O
plan	O
included	O
multiple	O
bombings	O
in	O
Jordan	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
sinking	O
of	O
a	O
US	B-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
destroyer	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Clark	B-PERSON
says	O
the	O
attacks	O
were	O
meant	O
to	O
take	O
place	O
last	B-DATE
January	I-DATE
3rd	I-DATE
amid	O
millennial	B-DATE
celebrations	O
and	O
the	O
Muslim	B-NORP
observance	O
of	O
Ramadan	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
the	O
attacks	O
either	O
failed	O
or	O
were	O
thwarted	O
by	O
arrests	O
,	O
but	O
terrorists	O
succeeded	O
in	O
bombing	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
ship	O
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
in	O
October	B-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Clark	B-PERSON
says	O
US	B-GPE
officials	O
learnt	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
planned	O
attacks	O
during	O
the	O
interrogation	O
of	O
suspected	O
terrorists	O
with	O
links	O
to	O
exiled	O
Saudi	B-NORP
millionaire	O
,	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
Steve	B-PERSON
.	O


Reformist	O
allies	O
of	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
have	O
scored	O
a	O
solid	O
victory	O
in	O
Serbian	B-NORP
parliamentary	O
elections	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Opposition	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Serbia	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
supports	O
the	O
President	O
,	O
has	O
claimed	O
about	B-CARDINAL
2	I-CARDINAL
/	I-CARDINAL
3rd	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
vote	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
said	O
in	O
a	O
speech	O
broadcast	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
that	O
the	O
election	O
victory	O
will	O
allow	O
reforms	O
to	O
move	O
swiftly	O
to	O
start	O
building	O
a	O
democratic	O
government	O
and	O
a	O
free	O
market	O
economy	O
.	O


Ousted	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
's	O
Socialist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
and	O
his	O
allies	O
won	O
about	B-CARDINAL
1	I-CARDINAL
/	I-CARDINAL
5th	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
vote	O
in	O
Serbia	B-GPE
,	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
's	O
dominant	O
republic	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
Dave	B-PERSON
Deforest	I-PERSON
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minster	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
sign	O
any	O
peace	O
deal	O
that	O
gives	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
sovereignty	O
over	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
's	O
revered	O
Temple	B-LOC
Mount	I-LOC
.	O


Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
also	O
stressed	O
his	O
government	O
will	O
never	O
accept	O
an	O
accord	O
that	O
gives	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
the	O
right	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
are	O
saying	O
they	O
will	O
not	O
sign	O
a	O
peace	O
deal	O
with	O
Israel	B-GPE
that	O
fails	O
to	O
give	O
them	O
sovereignty	O
over	O
all	O
of	O
Arab	B-NORP
East	B-GPE
Jerusalem	I-GPE
or	O
allow	O
the	O
return	O
of	O
refugees	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
is	O
urging	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
Israelis	B-NORP
to	O
accept	O
the	O
ideas	O
laid	O
out	O
by	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
for	O
reaching	O
a	O
final	O
peace	O
agreement	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Sun	I-FAC
Ball	I-FAC
in	O
El	B-GPE
Paso	I-GPE
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Wisconsin	I-ORG
Badgers	I-ORG
held	O
off	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
California	I-ORG
at	I-ORG
Los	I-ORG
Angeles	I-ORG
21	B-CARDINAL
-	O
20	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
Badgers	B-ORG
'	O
coach	O
Barry	B-PERSON
Averett	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
his	O
seniors	O
showed	O
leadership	O
in	O
making	O
their	O
last	O
game	O
one	O
of	O
their	O
best	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
soft	O
after	O
that	O
first	B-ORDINAL
drop	O
.	O


Sometimes	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
too	O
easy	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
soft	O
but	O
I	O
liked	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
responded	O
.	O


This	O
team	O
has	O
been	O
resilient	O
all	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
had	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
guys	O
down	O
and	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
had	O
to	O
step	O
up	O
and	O
they	O
found	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
win	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
real	O
proud	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
ski	O
slopes	O
Christian	B-PERSON
Hummer	I-PERSON
edged	O
fellow	O
Norwegian	B-NORP
Biarka	B-PERSON
Engenvick	I-PERSON
after	O
a	O
thrilling	O
duel	O
down	O
the	O
stretch	O
of	O
a	O
World	B-EVENT
Cup	I-EVENT
Nordic	I-EVENT
combined	O
ski	O
sprint	O
event	O
in	O
Norway	B-GPE
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


Hummer	B-PERSON
trailed	O
Engenvick	B-PERSON
by	O
21	B-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
at	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
the	O
7.5	B-QUANTITY
kilometer	I-QUANTITY
cross-country	O
race	O
.	O


that	O
's	O
because	O
Hummer	B-PERSON
finished	O
third	B-ORDINAL
in	O
the	O
morning	B-TIME
jumping	O
portion	O
on	O
Lillehammer	B-GPE
's	O
Olympic	B-FAC
Hill	I-FAC
.	O


However	O
,	O
Hummer	B-PERSON
overtook	O
Austrian	B-NORP
David	B-PERSON
Kriner	I-PERSON
who	O
placed	O
second	B-ORDINAL
in	O
the	O
ski	O
jump	O
after	O
about	B-QUANTITY
one	I-QUANTITY
kilometer	I-QUANTITY
.	O


two	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
later	O
Hummer	B-PERSON
approached	O
Engenvick	B-PERSON
and	O
they	O
skied	O
together	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
only	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
World	B-EVENT
Cup	I-EVENT
win	O
for	O
Hummer	B-PERSON
who	O
's	O
been	O
on	O
the	O
national	O
team	O
for	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
sports	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
Dave	B-PERSON
Byrd	I-PERSON
.	O


Britain	B-GPE
's	O
Millennium	B-FAC
Dome	I-FAC
will	O
close	O
down	O
this	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
after	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
mishaps	O
.	O


Officials	O
at	O
London	B-GPE
's	O
Millennium	B-FAC
Dome	I-FAC
say	O
the	O
structure	O
will	O
close	O
down	O
after	O
a	O
final	O
New	B-DATE
Year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
Eve	I-DATE
party	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
likely	O
sold	O
to	O
a	O
developer	O
and	O
be	O
turned	O
into	O
a	O
technology	O
park	O
.	O


Problems	O
riddled	O
the	O
Dome	B-FAC
even	O
before	O
its	O
grand	O
opening	O
last	B-DATE
New	I-DATE
Year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
Eve	I-DATE
.	O


Construction	O
delays	O
and	O
cost	O
-	O
overruns	O
hurt	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
originally	O
expected	O
to	O
cost	O
at	B-MONEY
least	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Dome	B-FAC
officials	O
had	O
to	O
seek	O
an	O
additional	O
265	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
to	O
complete	O
the	O
structure	O
.	O


Well	O
Tony	B-PERSON
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
sign	O
any	O
peace	O
deal	O
that	O
gives	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
sovereignty	O
over	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
's	O
revered	O
Temple	B-LOC
Mount	I-LOC
.	O


Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
also	O
stressed	O
that	O
his	O
government	O
will	O
never	O
accept	O
an	O
accord	O
that	O
gives	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
the	O
right	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


Yugoslav	B-NORP
President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
has	O
staged	O
a	O
major	O
military	O
staff	O
reshuffle	O
to	O
remove	O
officers	O
associated	O
with	O
long	O
time	O
ruler	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
President	O
has	O
retired	O
fourteen	B-CARDINAL
senior	O
officers	O
from	O
active	O
duty	O
.	O


These	O
include	O
Admiral	O
Milanzech	B-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
,	O
General	O
Gezafarcus	B-PERSON
,	O
Chief	O
of	O
Military	O
Intelligence	O
and	O
General	O
Vragulyuv	B-PERSON
Voidanich	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
Defense	B-ORG
Minister	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
a	O
disputed	O
area	O
in	O
southern	O
Serbia	B-GPE
's	O
Presavo	B-LOC
Valley	I-LOC
has	O
reopened	O
to	O
traffic	O
after	O
Serb	B-NORP
police	O
and	O
Albanian	B-NORP
rebel	O
fighters	O
agreed	O
to	O
dismantle	O
two	B-CARDINAL
roadblocks	O
.	O


Colombian	B-NORP
President	O
Andres	B-PERSON
Pastrana	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
with	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
largest	O
Marxist	B-NORP
rebel	O
group	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
danger	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
found	O
responsible	O
for	O
Friday	B-DATE
's	O
killing	O
of	O
an	O
opposition	O
lawmaker	O
.	O


President	O
Pestrana	B-PERSON
said	O
Saturday	B-DATE
there	O
is	O
what	O
he	O
calls	O
serious	O
evidence	O
the	B-ORG
revolutionary	I-ORG
armed	I-ORG
forces	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Colombia	I-ORG
shot	O
and	O
killed	O
Congressman	O
Diego	B-PERSON
Turbai	I-PERSON
.	O


Yugoslav	B-NORP
President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
has	O
staged	O
a	O
major	O
military	O
reshuffle	O
to	O
remove	O
officers	O
associated	O
with	O
long	O
time	O
ruler	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
President	O
has	O
retired	O
fourteen	B-CARDINAL
senior	O
officers	O
from	O
active	O
duty	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
called	O
on	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
to	O
accept	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
peace	O
proposals	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
cabinet	O
meeting	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
warned	O
of	O
increased	O
violence	O
if	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
reject	O
the	O
proposals	O
.	O


Chief	O
Palestinian	O
negotiator	O
Sayeeb	B-PERSON
Erekat	I-PERSON
said	O
Sunday	B-DATE
he	O
needs	O
more	O
clarification	O
from	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Erekat	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
delay	O
in	O
accepting	O
the	O
plan	O
does	O
not	O
amount	O
to	O
a	O
rejection	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


In	O
a	B-DATE
New	I-DATE
Year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
message	O
to	O
the	O
Serbian	B-NORP
people	O
,	O
President	O
Vojislav	B-PERSON
Kostunica	I-PERSON
said	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2001	I-DATE
will	O
be	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
domestic	O
healing	O
after	O
the	O
triumph	O
of	O
what	O
he	O
called	O
freedom	O
without	O
violence	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
was	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
popular	O
uprising	O
in	O
October	B-DATE
that	O
forced	O
former	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
to	O
accept	O
electoral	O
defeat	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kostunica	B-PERSON
stressed	O
that	O
legal	O
ways	O
must	O
be	O
found	O
to	O
solve	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
Montenegro	B-GPE
's	O
drive	O
for	O
independence	O
.	O


President	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Putin	I-PERSON
of	O
Russia	B-GPE
marked	O
the	B-DATE
new	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
Sunday	B-DATE
and	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
in	O
office	O
with	O
an	O
address	O
urging	O
Russians	B-NORP
to	O
be	O
heartened	O
by	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
progress	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Chechnya	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
sinking	O
of	O
the	O
nuclear	O
submarine	O
Kursk	B-PRODUCT
.	O


In	O
a	O
televised	O
statement	O
Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
said	O
in	O
his	O
words	O
,	O
``	O
Elements	O
of	O
stability	O
appeared	O
in	O
our	O
country	O
''	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Putin	B-PERSON
became	O
acting	O
President	O
on	O
December	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
1999	I-DATE
following	O
Boris	B-PERSON
Yeltsin	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
surprise	O
resignation	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
David	B-PERSON
Coler	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Cuban	B-NORP
leader	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
is	O
setting	O
up	O
a	O
lavish	O
extravaganza	O
on	O
the	O
island	O
nation	O
to	O
welcome	O
the	B-DATE
new	I-DATE
millennium	I-DATE
,	O
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
late	O
for	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Many	O
experts	O
contend	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
was	O
at	O
least	O
technically	O
wrong	O
by	O
bringing	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
new	I-DATE
millennium	I-DATE
with	O
massive	O
celebrations	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


These	O
experts	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
Gregorian	O
calendar	O
started	O
in	O
1	B-DATE
AD	I-DATE
and	O
therefore	O
,	O
centuries	O
'	O
millennia	O
start	O
with	O
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
not	O
a	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
.	O


They	O
say	O
this	O
makes	O
2001	B-DATE
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
third	I-DATE
millennium	I-DATE
.	O


For	O
those	O
observing	O
the	B-DATE
start	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
2001	I-DATE
as	O
a	O
true	O
dawn	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
parties	O
and	O
fireworks	O
are	O
fewer	O
and	O
less	O
elaborate	O
than	O
the	O
2000	B-DATE
celebrations	O
.	O


In	O
Cuba	B-GPE
though	O
,	O
where	O
President	O
Castro	B-PERSON
had	O
his	O
country	O
sit	O
out	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
revelry	O
,	O
they	O
'll	O
be	O
making	O
up	O
for	O
it	O
as	O
major	O
festivities	O
are	O
set	O
.	O


A	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
commission	O
has	O
concluded	O
that	O
US	B-GPE
commanders	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
must	O
focus	O
more	O
on	O
safety	O
and	O
recommends	O
tighter	O
security	O
measures	O
.	O


A	O
panel	O
appointed	O
by	O
Secretary	O
of	O
Defense	B-ORG
William	B-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
after	O
the	O
suicide	O
bombing	O
on	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
destroyer	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
,	O
reportedly	O
found	O
security	O
lapses	O
for	O
ships	O
and	O
aircraft	O
moving	O
throughout	O
the	O
region	O
.	O


Cole	B-PRODUCT
,	O
attacked	O
in	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
,	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
seventeen	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
and	O
the	O
wounding	O
of	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
nine	I-CARDINAL
others	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
tanks	O
are	O
blocking	O
main	O
roads	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
effectively	O
isolating	O
and	O
partitioning	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
ruled	O
area	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
moved	O
to	O
tighten	O
its	O
restrictions	O
on	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
movement	O
after	O
a	O
Monday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
bomb	O
attack	O
in	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
city	O
of	O
Natanya	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
has	O
been	O
more	O
gunfire	O
in	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
with	O
injuries	O
to	O
Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


The	B-ORG
Voice	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
presents	O
differing	O
points	O
of	O
views	O
on	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
issues	O
.	O


Next	O
,	O
an	O
editorial	O
expressing	O
the	O
policies	O
of	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
government	O
.	O


A	O
Federal	O
Grand	O
Jury	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
has	O
indicted	O
five	B-CARDINAL
more	O
suspects	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
the	O
August	B-DATE
1998	I-DATE
bombing	O
of	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
embassies	O
in	O
Nairobi	B-GPE
Kenya	B-GPE
and	O
Dar	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
e	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
salaam	I-GPE
Tanzania	B-GPE
.	O


These	O
terrorist	O
attacks	O
killed	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
and	O
wounded	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
men	O
,	O
women	O
and	O
children	O
.	O


The	O
indictments	O
raised	O
to	O
22	B-CARDINAL
the	O
number	O
of	O
those	O
accused	O
in	O
the	O
bombings	O
.	O


Of	O
the	O
seventeen	B-CARDINAL
terrorists	O
previously	O
charged	O
,	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
have	O
been	O
captured	O
.	O


The	O
remaining	O
fugitives	O
,	O
including	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
,	O
are	O
still	O
being	O
sought	O
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
latest	O
to	O
be	O
indicted	O
are	O
Saif	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Adel	I-PERSON
,	O
Mushan	B-PERSON
Musa	I-PERSON
Matwali	I-PERSON
Atwa	I-PERSON
,	O
Ahmed	B-PERSON
Mohammed	I-PERSON
Hamid	I-PERSON
Ali	I-PERSON
,	O
Ahnes	B-PERSON
Alibi	I-PERSON
and	O
Abdullah	B-PERSON
Ahmed	I-PERSON
Ardullah	I-PERSON
.	O


All	O
are	O
members	O
of	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Qaida	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
Islamic	B-NORP
terrorist	O
group	O
organized	O
by	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
.	O


Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Qaida	I-ORG
has	O
helped	O
train	O
terrorists	O
from	O
Tajikstan	B-GPE
,	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
and	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
,	O
Chechnya	B-GPE
,	O
Somalia	B-GPE
,	O
Sudan	B-GPE
,	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Philippines	B-GPE
,	O
Egypt	B-GPE
,	O
Libya	B-GPE
,	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
and	O
Eritrea	B-GPE
.	O


Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Qaida	I-ORG
receives	O
safe	O
haven	O
from	O
Taliban	B-ORG
controlled	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
where	O
it	O
operates	O
a	O
network	O
of	O
training	O
facilities	O
and	O
conducts	O
international	O
terrorist	O
operations	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
voted	O
to	O
expand	O
sanctions	O
on	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
movement	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
support	O
for	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Qaida	I-ORG
and	O
other	O
terrorists	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
supports	O
these	O
sanctions	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
calls	O
on	O
the	O
Taliban	B-ORG
movement	O
to	O
end	O
its	O
sponsorship	O
of	O
international	O
terrorism	O
and	O
hand	O
over	O
the	O
terrorist	O
fugitives	O
it	O
now	O
protects	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
is	O
offering	O
a	O
reward	O
of	O
up	B-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
for	O
information	O
that	O
leads	O
to	O
the	O
apprehension	O
or	O
conviction	O
of	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Qaida	I-ORG
terrorists	O
Sheikh	B-PERSON
Amed	I-PERSON
Salim	I-PERSON
Suedan	I-PERSON
,	O
Ahmed	B-PERSON
Galani	I-PERSON
,	O
Mustafa	B-PERSON
Mohammed	I-PERSON
Fadel	I-PERSON
,	O
Imn	B-PERSON
Auzava	I-PERSON
Heari	I-PERSON
,	O
Mohammed	B-PERSON
Altaf	I-PERSON
and	O
Osama	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
for	O
their	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
African	B-NORP
embassy	O
bombings	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
will	O
not	O
rest	O
until	O
these	O
men	O
have	O
been	O
brought	O
to	O
justice	O
for	O
their	O
crimes	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
an	O
editorial	O
expressing	O
the	O
policies	O
of	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
government	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
comment	O
,	O
please	O
write	O
to	O
Editorials	O
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
DC	I-GPE
,	O
20237	B-CARDINAL
,	O
USA	B-GPE
.	O


You	O
may	O
also	O
comment	O
at	O
www.ibb.gov/editorials	O
or	O
fax	O
us	O
at	O
202	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Poland	B-GPE
is	O
calling	O
for	O
international	O
inspections	O
of	O
Russian	B-NORP
military	O
bases	O
in	O
Kaleningrad	B-GPE
to	O
determine	O
if	O
Moscow	B-GPE
is	O
moving	O
tactical	O
nuclear	O
weapons	O
to	O
its	O
enclave	O
on	O
the	B-LOC
Baltic	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
.	O


Russia	B-GPE
strongly	O
denies	O
it	O
has	O
violated	O
its	O
commitment	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
Baltic	B-LOC
nuclear	O
free	O
.	O


Yugoslav	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Goran	B-PERSON
Spilanovic	I-PERSON
says	O
his	O
government	O
will	O
cooperate	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
War	I-ORG
Crimes	I-ORG
Tribunal	I-ORG
that	O
indicted	O
former	O
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
for	O
crimes	O
against	O
ethnic	O
Albanians	B-NORP
in	O
Kosovo	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
said	O
Thursday	B-DATE
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
Belgrade	B-GPE
would	O
fulfill	O
its	O
duties	O
and	O
responsibilities	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Hague	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
took	O
the	O
action	O
against	O
Mr.	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
in	O
1999	B-DATE
.	O


I	O
am	O
Dave	B-PERSON
Deforest	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


An	O
Israeli	B-NORP
envoy	O
has	O
met	O
with	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
and	O
has	O
delivered	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
formal	O
acceptance	O
of	O
US	B-GPE
peace	O
proposals	O
.	O


The	O
envoy	O
Gilead	B-PERSON
Sher	I-PERSON
emerged	O
from	O
the	O
meeting	O
late	B-TIME
Friday	I-TIME
telling	O
reporters	O
the	O
next	O
step	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
is	O
up	O
to	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
.	O


However	O
he	O
said	O
tranquility	O
must	O
be	O
restored	O
in	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
.	O


The	O
Israelis	B-NORP
have	O
agreed	O
in	O
principle	O
to	O
the	O
parameters	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
laid	O
out	O
but	O
they	O
have	O
expressed	O
some	O
reservations	O
,	O
as	O
have	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Yugoslav	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Goran	B-PERSON
Spilianovich	I-PERSON
says	O
his	O
country	O
must	O
negotiate	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
War	I-ORG
Crimes	I-ORG
Tribunal	I-ORG
before	O
former	O
Yugoslav	B-NORP
President	O
Slobodan	B-PERSON
Milosevic	I-PERSON
can	O
be	O
prosecuted	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Spilianovich	B-PERSON
spoke	O
to	O
reporters	O
Friday	B-DATE
during	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
proposed	O
negotiations	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
Mr.	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
should	O
be	O
tried	O
in	O
the	O
Hague	B-GPE
or	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
urged	O
the	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
incoming	O
Republican	B-NORP
administration	O
to	O
place	O
the	B-LAW
Nuclear	I-LAW
Test	I-LAW
Ban	I-LAW
Treaty	I-LAW
high	O
on	O
its	O
agenda	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
remarks	O
follow	O
a	O
report	O
issued	O
by	O
the	O
former	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Joint	I-ORG
Chiefs	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Staff	I-ORG
General	O
John	B-PERSON
Shalik	I-PERSON
Khashvili	I-PERSON
that	O
supports	O
the	B-LAW
Test	I-LAW
Ban	I-LAW
Treaty	I-LAW
.	O


Unidentified	O
gunmen	O
in	O
north	O
western	O
Colombia	B-GPE
have	O
massacred	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
twelve	I-CARDINAL
peasants	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
such	O
incident	O
in	O
as	B-DATE
many	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Authorities	O
say	O
several	O
men	O
armed	O
with	O
shotguns	O
went	O
house	O
to	O
house	O
in	O
Guatapae	B-GPE
in	O
Entequia	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
killing	O
anyone	O
they	O
suspected	O
of	O
collaborating	O
with	O
opposing	O
forces	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
says	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
Admiral	O
overseeing	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
probe	O
of	O
the	O
terrorist	O
bombing	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
is	O
recommending	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
be	O
punished	O
despite	O
evidence	O
of	O
security	O
lapses	O
aboard	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O


The	O
October	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE
bombing	O
in	O
the	O
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
killed	O
seventeen	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
and	O
wounded	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
nine	I-CARDINAL
others	O
.	O


The	O
newspaper	O
says	O
that	O
Admiral	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Nader	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
commander	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Atlantic	I-ORG
Fleet	I-ORG
rejected	O
the	O
conclusions	O
of	O
a	O
lower	O
ranking	O
investigating	O
officer	O
who	O
determined	O
that	O
more	O
security	O
precautions	O
should	O
have	O
been	O
taken	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
the	O
news	O
update	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
David	B-PERSON
Coler	I-PERSON
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
sending	O
US	B-GPE
mediator	O
Dennis	B-PERSON
Ross	I-PERSON
back	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
in	O
yet	O
another	O
effort	O
to	O
make	O
progress	O
toward	O
peace	O
between	O
Israel	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
before	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
leaves	O
office	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
senior	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
official	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Ross	B-PERSON
intends	O
to	O
meet	O
separately	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
.	O


They	O
will	O
discuss	O
the	O
possibilities	O
remaining	O
in	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
's	O
term	O
as	O
President	O
.	O


In	O
Cairo	B-GPE
Sunday	B-DATE
,	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
security	O
officials	O
met	O
with	O
CIA	B-ORG
Chief	O
George	B-PERSON
Tenet	I-PERSON
to	O
discuss	O
reducing	O
violence	O
in	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
territories	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
Sunday	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
20	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Palestinian	B-NORP
woman	O
was	O
shot	O
dead	O
while	O
driving	O
on	O
a	O
road	O
leading	O
to	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settlements	O
near	O
Nablus	B-GPE
.	O


She	O
was	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
Palestinian	B-NORP
woman	O
killed	O
by	O
Israeli	B-NORP
forces	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Meanwhile	O
Israeli	B-NORP
security	O
services	O
charged	O
Sunday	B-DATE
that	O
a	O
Jordanian	B-NORP
prisoner	O
suspected	O
in	O
a	O
bus	O
bombing	O
in	O
Netanya	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
had	O
been	O
recruited	O
by	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
security	O
services	O
.	O


A	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
spokesman	O
called	O
that	O
charge	O
a	O
fabrication	O
.	O


The	O
Washington	B-ORG
Post	I-ORG
newspaper	O
reported	O
Sunday	B-DATE
that	O
the	O
officer	O
overseeing	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
probe	O
of	O
the	O
terrorist	O
bombing	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
destroyer	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
has	O
concluded	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
should	O
be	O
punished	O
.	O


Admiral	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Nader	I-PERSON
reportedly	O
rejected	O
the	O
conclusion	O
of	O
a	O
lower	O
ranking	O
investigating	O
officer	O
that	O
better	O
security	O
precautions	O
could	O
have	O
mitigated	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
explosion	O
.	O


That	O
October	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE
bombing	O
in	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
port	O
of	O
Aden	B-GPE
killed	O
seventeen	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
and	O
wounded	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
nine	I-CARDINAL
.	O


A	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
report	O
calls	O
for	O
improved	O
intelligence	O
gathering	O
to	O
prevent	O
terrorist	O
attacks	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
one	O
against	O
the	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Cole	I-PRODUCT
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
report	O
also	O
proposes	O
anti-terrorist	O
training	O
for	O
all	O
US	B-GPE
troops	O
and	O
recommends	O
a	O
new	O
effort	O
to	O
react	O
more	O
quickly	O
to	O
emerging	O
terrorist	O
threats	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
released	O
today	B-DATE
was	O
commissioned	O
by	O
Defense	B-ORG
Secretary	O
William	B-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
.	O


In	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
Tuesday	B-DATE
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
was	O
reported	O
shot	O
dead	O
near	O
the	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
town	O
of	O
Nablus	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
another	O
incident	O
Israeli	B-NORP
soldiers	O
fired	O
on	O
the	O
car	O
of	O
a	O
high	O
ranking	O
Roman	B-NORP
Catholic	I-NORP
church	O
official	O
at	O
a	O
checkpoint	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
,	O
but	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
casualties	O
there	O
.	O


Meantime	O
,	O
US	B-GPE
peace	O
envoy	O
Dennis	B-PERSON
Ross	I-PERSON
is	O
due	O
to	O
arrive	O
in	O
Tel	B-GPE
Aviv	I-GPE
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Ross	B-PERSON
is	O
expected	O
to	O
hold	O
separate	O
talks	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
with	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
then	O
move	O
on	O
to	O
talks	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


In	O
Camp	B-FAC
Side	I-FAC
Holland	B-GPE
prosecutors	O
urged	O
the	O
court	O
to	O
convict	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Libyans	B-NORP
of	O
murdering	O
270	B-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
the	O
Pan	B-PRODUCT
Am	I-PRODUCT
Flight	I-PRODUCT
103	I-PRODUCT
bombing	O
back	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
.	O


Lawyers	O
for	O
the	O
defendants	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
begin	O
summarizing	O
their	O
case	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
and	O
a	O
verdict	O
could	O
come	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Police	O
in	O
Barcelona	B-GPE
,	O
Spain	B-GPE
Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
arrested	O
two	B-CARDINAL
suspected	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
violent	O
Basque	B-NORP
separatist	O
group	O
Eta	B-ORG
as	O
they	O
were	O
preparing	O
what	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
car	O
bomb	O
.	O


Gill	B-PERSON
Carbohol	I-PERSON
has	O
more	O
from	O
Madrid	B-GPE
.	O


Police	O
arrested	O
a	O
man	O
and	O
a	O
woman	O
suspected	O
of	O
being	O
members	O
of	O
Eta	B-ORG
's	O
Barcelona	B-ORG
Commando	I-ORG
Unit	I-ORG
before	B-TIME
dawn	I-TIME
.	O


They	O
were	O
driving	O
an	O
automobile	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
stolen	O
in	O
a	O
nearby	O
town	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
couple	O
had	O
attracted	O
the	O
attention	O
of	O
police	O
as	O
they	O
drove	O
through	O
pre-dawn	B-TIME
Barcelona	B-GPE
because	O
the	O
car	O
's	O
license	O
plate	O
was	O
dangling	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
car	O
doors	O
was	O
ajar	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
stopped	O
the	O
car	O
police	O
found	O
the	O
woman	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
seat	O
with	O
a	O
package	O
containing	O
between	O
fifteen	B-CARDINAL
to	O
twenty	B-QUANTITY
kilograms	I-QUANTITY
of	O
explosives	O
.	O


Police	O
also	O
found	O
a	O
gun	O
of	O
the	O
type	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
killings	O
blamed	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Barcelona	I-ORG
Commando	I-ORG
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
a	O
similar	O
incident	O
in	O
Barcelona	B-GPE
just	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
suspected	O
Eta	B-ORG
members	O
who	O
were	O
likewise	O
trying	O
to	O
place	O
a	O
car	O
bomb	O
,	O
killed	O
a	O
city	O
policeman	O
and	O
then	O
got	O
away	O
.	O


Thursday	B-DATE
's	O
suspects	O
readily	O
identified	O
themselves	O
as	O
members	O
of	O
Eta	B-ORG
,	O
although	O
they	O
gave	O
false	O
names	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
has	O
been	O
positively	O
identified	O
as	O
37	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
but	O
police	O
could	O
not	O
immediately	O
identify	O
the	O
woman	O
.	O


Security	O
officials	O
are	O
searching	O
for	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
more	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Barcelona	I-ORG
Commando	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
has	O
killed	O
two	B-CARDINAL
town	O
councilmen	O
,	O
a	O
former	O
Minister	O
of	O
Health	O
and	O
a	O
policeman	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


Spanish	B-NORP
anti-bombs	O
technicians	O
have	O
been	O
busy	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


On	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
they	O
deactivated	O
explosives	O
placed	O
outside	O
a	O
military	O
installation	O
in	O
Gerona	B-GPE
,	O
just	O
north	O
of	O
Barcelona	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
on	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
Basque	B-NORP
Regional	O
Police	O
deactivated	O
a	O
bomb	O
placed	O
in	O
a	O
flowerpot	O
in	O
a	O
cemetery	O
where	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
regional	O
chapter	O
of	O
Spain	B-GPE
's	O
ruling	O
Popular	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
had	O
gathered	O
for	O
a	O
commemorative	O
ceremony	O
in	O
honor	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
their	O
town	O
councilmen	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
killed	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Spanish	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Jose	B-PERSON
Marie	I-PERSON
Akhnar	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
miracle	O
that	O
a	O
massacre	O
had	O
not	O
occurred	O
.	O


Eta	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
responsible	O
for	O
killing	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
800	I-CARDINAL
people	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
32	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
its	O
bid	O
to	O
carve	O
out	O
an	O
independent	O
state	O
from	O
northern	O
Spain	B-GPE
and	O
south	O
western	O
France	B-GPE
.	O


Meanwhile	O
the	B-ORG
Basque	I-ORG
Country	I-ORG
Regional	I-ORG
Government	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
pro-independence	O
but	O
moderate	O
Basque	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
it	O
would	O
call	O
regional	O
elections	O
later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Basque	B-NORP
Chief	O
Minister	O
Hwank	B-PERSON
Hosei	I-PERSON
Bariche	I-PERSON
has	O
been	O
under	O
intense	O
pressure	O
from	O
the	O
Popular	B-NORP
and	O
Socialist	B-NORP
Parties	O
to	O
call	O
early	O
elections	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
been	O
ruling	O
with	O
the	O
minority	O
governments	O
since	O
Eta	B-ORG
's	O
political	O
wing	O
broke	O
its	O
parliamentary	O
alliance	O
with	O
his	O
party	O
last	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
.	O


Gill	B-PERSON
Carbohol	I-PERSON
for	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Madrid	B-GPE
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
Dave	B-PERSON
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
have	O
resumed	O
peace	O
talks	O
amid	O
indications	O
that	O
confidence	O
building	O
measures	O
by	O
both	O
sides	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
easing	O
the	O
violence	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
officials	O
headed	O
for	O
their	O
meeting	O
on	O
the	O
border	O
between	O
Israel	B-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
cutting	O
short	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
Paris	B-GPE
to	O
return	O
home	O
for	O
an	O
emergency	O
cabinet	O
meeting	O
.	O


Correspondent	O
Laurie	B-PERSON
Cassman	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
meetings	O
renew	O
hopes	O
for	O
progress	O
toward	O
a	O
final	O
peace	O
deal	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
officials	O
say	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
meeting	O
is	O
to	O
stabilize	O
the	O
decline	O
in	O
violence	O
and	O
see	O
about	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
progress	O
in	O
peace	O
talks	O
before	O
US	B-GPE
President	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
leaves	O
office	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
made	O
a	O
last	O
ditch	O
effort	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
to	O
revive	O
peace	O
talks	O
and	O
possibly	O
clinch	O
a	O
peace	O
agreement	O
in	O
his	O
remaining	O
days	B-DATE
at	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
.	O


Both	O
sides	O
conditionally	O
accepted	O
his	O
framework	O
as	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
negotiations	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
listing	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
reservations	O
,	O
but	O
Israel	B-GPE
conditioned	O
resuming	O
negotiations	O
on	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
attacks	O
against	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settlers	O
and	O
soldiers	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
promised	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
he	O
would	O
try	O
to	O
curb	O
the	O
violence	O
.	O


Several	O
top	O
level	O
security	O
talks	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
easing	O
of	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
closure	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
fate	O
planned	O
to	O
reduce	O
tensions	O
,	O
also	O
includes	O
resuming	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
security	O
cooperation	O
and	O
joint	O
patrols	O
.	O


Laurie	B-PERSON
Cassman	I-PERSON
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Defense	O
lawyers	O
have	O
attacked	O
a	O
prosecutions	O
case	O
at	O
the	O
Lockerby	B-GPE
bombing	O
trial	O
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
closing	O
arguments	O
Thursday	B-DATE
attorneys	O
for	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Libyans	B-NORP
suspected	O
of	O
bombing	O
Pan	B-PRODUCT
Am	I-PRODUCT
Flight	I-PRODUCT
103	I-PRODUCT
,	O
said	O
the	O
evidence	O
against	O
their	O
clients	O
does	O
not	O
add	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
suggested	O
that	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
extremists	O
could	O
have	O
staged	O
the	O
bombing	O
of	O
the	O
jet	O
liner	O
over	O
Lockerby	B-GPE
,	O
Scotland	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
second	B-ORDINAL
round	O
of	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
talks	O
ended	O
Saturday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
with	O
no	O
breakthrough	O
but	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
have	O
agreed	O
to	O
keep	O
talking	O
.	O


Led	O
by	O
former	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Shimone	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
delegations	O
met	O
for	O
more	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


They	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
narrow	O
their	O
differences	O
over	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
framework	O
for	O
negotiating	O
a	O
final	O
peace	O
agreement	O
.	O


A	O
second	B-ORDINAL
round	O
of	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
peace	O
talks	O
ended	O
Saturday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
with	O
no	O
breakthrough	O
reported	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
and	O
former	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Shimone	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
joined	O
the	O
talks	O
.	O


Correspondent	O
Laurie	B-PERSON
Cassman	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
leaders	O
held	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
direct	O
high	O
level	O
talks	O
since	O
November	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
meetings	O
is	O
to	O
narrow	O
differences	O
over	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
framework	O
for	O
negotiating	O
a	O
final	O
peace	O
settlement	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
little	O
optimism	O
a	O
final	O
deal	O
can	O
be	O
reached	O
before	O
President	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
leaves	O
office	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
-	O
Peres	B-PERSON
meeting	O
represents	O
the	O
highest	O
level	O
encounter	O
since	O
last	B-DATE
November	I-DATE
.	O


That	O
was	O
when	O
Shimone	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
tried	O
to	O
broker	O
a	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
with	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
to	O
curb	O
the	O
violence	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Peres	B-PERSON
now	O
describes	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
proposals	O
as	O
the	O
best	O
framework	O
for	O
peace	O
talks	O
.	O


The	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
have	O
conditionally	O
accepted	O
the	O
ideas	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
a	O
long	O
list	O
of	O
reservations	O
.	O


The	O
talks	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
resume	O
later	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
day	I-TIME
to	O
focus	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
renew	O
security	O
cooperation	O
.	O


The	O
groundwork	O
has	O
been	O
laid	O
through	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
confidence	O
building	O
measures	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
has	O
started	O
easing	O
its	O
closure	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
as	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
attacks	O
against	O
Israelis	B-NORP
have	O
subsided	O
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
Saturday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
lasted	O
more	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


No	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
substance	O
of	O
the	O
talks	O
have	O
been	O
released	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
,	O
former	O
Chief	O
of	O
Staff	O
and	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
's	O
top	O
aide	O
joined	O
Nobel	O
Laureate	O
Shimone	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
for	O
the	O
talks	O
.	O


Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
was	O
joined	O
by	O
his	O
top	O
peace	O
negotiators	O
and	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
preventive	O
security	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


Just	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
earlier	I-TIME
two	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
were	O
executed	O
by	O
a	O
firing	O
squad	O
after	O
being	O
convicted	O
of	O
collaborating	O
with	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


Crowds	O
cheered	O
the	O
executions	O
in	O
Nablus	B-GPE
and	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
Justice	O
Minister	O
says	O
it	O
sends	O
a	O
clear	O
message	O
to	O
anyone	O
thinking	O
about	O
betraying	O
his	O
homeland	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
had	O
been	O
convicted	O
of	O
passing	O
information	O
or	O
helping	O
Israeli	B-NORP
security	O
assassinate	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
militants	O
.	O


The	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
accuse	O
Israel	B-GPE
of	O
actively	O
targeting	O
activists	O
during	O
the	O
latest	O
uprising	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
says	O
it	O
will	O
hunt	O
down	O
anyone	O
who	O
plans	O
or	O
carries	O
out	O
terrorist	O
attacks	O
against	O
Israelis	B-NORP
.	O


More	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	O
clashes	O
,	O
shootings	O
and	O
assassinations	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
have	O
claimed	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
360	I-CARDINAL
victims	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Laurie	B-PERSON
Cassman	I-PERSON
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
second	B-ORDINAL
round	O
of	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
talks	O
ended	O
Saturday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
with	O
no	O
breakthrough	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
have	O
agreed	O
to	O
keep	O
talking	O
.	O


Led	O
by	O
former	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Shimone	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
delegations	O
met	O
for	O
more	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
will	O
resume	O
peace	O
talks	O
today	B-DATE
after	O
a	O
three	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
delay	O
.	O


A	O
senior	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiator	O
says	O
the	O
session	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
held	O
Saturday	B-DATE
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
set	O
of	O
peace	O
compromises	O
proposed	O
by	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
.	O


Monday	B-DATE
Israel	B-GPE
cancelled	O
peace	O
talks	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
re-imposed	O
a	O
total	O
clamp	O
-	O
down	O
on	O
the	B-GPE
Gaza	I-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
following	O
the	O
abduction	O
and	O
killing	O
of	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settler	O
.	O


Laurie	B-PERSON
Cassman	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
has	O
condemned	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settler	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
calls	O
it	O
an	O
unforgivable	O
and	O
abominable	O
crime	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
told	O
the	O
Arabic	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
that	O
Israel	B-GPE
will	O
punish	O
those	O
who	O
carried	O
out	O
the	O
attack	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
officials	O
have	O
called	O
off	O
their	O
scheduled	O
meeting	O
with	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
to	O
protest	O
the	O
incident	O
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
latest	O
effort	O
to	O
narrow	O
differences	O
over	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
proposed	O
framework	O
for	O
brokering	O
a	O
final	O
peace	O
deal	O
.	O


An	O
Israeli	B-NORP
spokesman	O
said	O
security	O
talks	O
may	O
still	O
take	O
place	O
but	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiator	O
said	O
no	O
meeting	O
is	O
scheduled	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
's	O
military	O
commander	O
for	O
the	O
Gaza	B-GPE
region	O
Yayir	B-PERSON
Nave	I-PERSON
blamed	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
for	O
not	O
cracking	O
down	O
on	O
such	O
attacks	O
.	O


Incidents	O
like	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
do	O
not	O
happen	O
without	O
support	O
from	O
inside	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
has	O
repeatedly	O
called	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
to	O
curb	O
the	O
violence	O
and	O
take	O
action	O
against	O
those	O
who	O
attack	O
Israelis	B-NORP
.	O


Laurie	B-PERSON
Cassman	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
will	O
resume	O
peace	O
talks	O
today	B-DATE
after	O
a	O
delay	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
abduction	O
and	O
killing	O
of	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
settler	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
senior	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiator	O
says	O
the	O
session	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
to	O
one	O
held	O
Saturday	B-DATE
to	O
discuss	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
peace	O
compromises	O
proposed	O
by	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
described	O
Sunday	B-DATE
's	O
killing	O
as	O
a	O
serious	O
blow	O
to	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


He	O
called	O
on	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
to	O
put	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
acts	O
of	O
violence	O
,	O
saying	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
serve	O
any	O
party	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Now	I-ORG
from	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
am	O
Victor	B-PERSON
Moralis	I-PERSON
along	O
with	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Riggs	I-PERSON
.	O


A	O
lawyer	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Libyans	B-NORP
accused	O
of	O
the	O
Lockerbie	B-GPE
Scotland	B-GPE
continued	O
to	O
attack	O
the	O
prosecution	O
's	O
case	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
called	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
key	O
witnesses	O
liars	O
and	O
argued	O
that	O
their	O
testimony	O
be	O
rejected	O
.	O


Oran	B-PERSON
Comito	I-PERSON
is	O
at	O
Camp	B-FAC
Zeist	I-FAC
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
his	O
fourth	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
closing	O
arguments	O
,	O
defense	O
lawyer	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Taler	I-PERSON
spent	O
most	O
of	O
his	O
time	O
trying	O
to	O
discredit	O
two	B-CARDINAL
key	O
prosecution	O
witnesses	O
.	O


Edwin	B-PERSON
Boje	I-PERSON
made	O
timers	O
for	O
bombs	O
that	O
were	O
sold	O
to	O
Libya	B-GPE
and	O
allegedly	O
used	O
to	O
blow	O
up	O
the	O
plane	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Taler	B-PERSON
called	O
him	O
a	O
greedy	O
fantasist	O
who	O
wanted	O
to	O
implicate	O
Libya	B-GPE
in	O
order	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
huge	O
financial	O
reward	O
from	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Taler	B-PERSON
says	O
Edwin	B-PERSON
Boje	I-PERSON
also	O
lied	O
about	O
his	O
dealings	O
with	O
the	O
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
Stazi	B-ORG
who	O
he	O
also	O
sold	O
timers	O
to	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Boje	B-PERSON
testified	O
that	O
the	O
timers	O
were	O
different	O
but	O
Mr.	O
Taler	B-PERSON
claims	O
they	O
were	O
exactly	O
the	O
same	O
ones	O
as	O
the	O
Libyans	B-NORP
had	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
the	B-NORP
East	I-NORP
Germans	I-NORP
could	O
have	O
sold	O
them	O
to	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
terrorists	O
who	O
then	O
blew	O
up	O
the	O
plane	O
.	O


Defense	O
lawyers	O
have	O
said	O
all	O
along	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
and	O
not	O
their	O
Libyan	B-NORP
clients	O
who	O
bombed	O
Pan	B-PRODUCT
Am	I-PRODUCT
103	I-PRODUCT
.	O


The	O
other	O
witness	O
Mr.	O
Taler	B-PERSON
tore	O
into	O
was	O
a	O
Libyan	B-NORP
double	O
agent	O
known	O
as	O
Jiaka	B-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Taler	B-PERSON
says	O
Jiaka	B-PERSON
told	O
lies	O
about	O
his	O
client	O
to	O
his	O
American	B-NORP
paymasters	O
,	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
in	O
order	O
to	O
remain	O
on	O
their	O
payroll	O
and	O
eventually	O
to	O
move	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
had	O
sufficient	O
cunning	O
to	O
produce	O
spectacular	O
but	O
ultimately	O
unverifiable	O
stories	O
to	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
said	O
Mr.	O
Taler	B-PERSON
.	O


In	O
short	O
he	O
is	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
tells	O
lies	O
for	O
a	O
living	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Taler	B-PERSON
wants	O
the	O
judges	O
,	O
who	O
also	O
serve	O
as	O
the	O
jury	O
,	O
to	O
reject	O
the	O
men	O
's	O
testimony	O
.	O


Closing	O
arguments	O
continued	O
Thursday	B-DATE
with	O
a	O
lawyer	O
for	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
accused	O
expected	O
to	O
make	O
his	O
case	O
.	O


Oran	B-PERSON
Comito	I-PERSON
for	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Camp	B-FAC
Zeist	I-FAC
.	O


Masked	O
gunmen	O
have	O
shot	O
and	O
killed	O
the	O
Director	O
of	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
Television	O
at	O
a	O
hotel	O
in	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
motive	O
for	O
the	O
murder	O
and	O
the	O
identity	O
of	O
the	O
attackers	O
are	O
still	O
unknown	O
.	O


Ross	B-PERSON
Dunn	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
hooded	O
men	O
murdered	O
Hisha	B-PERSON
Mickey	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
.	O


Witnesses	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
gunmen	O
fired	O
into	O
Mr.	O
Mickey	B-PERSON
's	O
head	O
and	O
heart	O
outside	O
the	O
Gaza	B-FAC
Beach	I-FAC
hotel	O
before	O
fleeing	O
the	O
area	O
.	O


The	O
cold	O
-	O
blooded	O
slaying	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
prominent	O
people	O
in	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
society	O
has	O
shocked	O
residents	O
of	O
the	O
Gaza	B-GPE
Strip	I-GPE
and	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Mickey	B-PERSON
aged	O
54	B-DATE
was	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
close	O
to	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
and	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
powerful	O
Fateh	B-ORG
faction	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Palestine	I-ORG
Liberation	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Mickey	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
meeting	O
friends	O
shortly	O
before	O
the	O
shooting	O
,	O
was	O
pronounced	O
dead	O
upon	O
his	O
arrival	O
at	O
a	O
nearby	O
hospital	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
father	O
of	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
and	O
had	O
served	O
as	O
the	O
Director	O
of	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
Television	O
since	O
its	O
inception	O
in	O
1994	B-DATE
and	O
later	O
founded	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
satellite	O
channel	O
.	O


Ross	B-PERSON
Dunn	I-PERSON
for	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
has	O
held	O
talks	O
with	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Shlomo	B-PERSON
Ben	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
in	O
Cairo	B-GPE
but	O
no	O
breakthroughs	O
toward	O
a	O
peace	O
deal	O
are	O
reported	O
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
,	O
which	O
lasted	O
about	B-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
followed	O
Cairo	B-GPE
talks	O
earlier	B-TIME
Wednesday	I-TIME
between	O
Mr.	O
Ben	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
and	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
President	O
Hosni	B-PERSON
Mubarak	I-PERSON
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
reached	O
a	O
deal	O
with	O
independent	O
prosecutor	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Ray	I-PERSON
to	O
avoid	O
indictment	O
after	O
leaving	O
office	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
statement	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
admitted	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
fully	O
tell	O
the	O
truth	O
when	O
he	O
gave	O
testimony	O
about	O
his	O
relationship	O
with	O
former	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
intern	O
Monica	B-PERSON
Lewinsky	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
admitted	O
false	O
statements	O
were	O
made	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
questioned	O
in	O
the	O
Paula	B-PERSON
Jones	I-PERSON
sexual	O
harassment	O
case	O
.	O


His	O
lawyer	O
David	B-PERSON
Kendall	I-PERSON
insists	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
not	O
guilty	O
of	O
perjury	O
or	O
obstruction	O
of	O
justice	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
from	O
the	O
Grand	O
Jury	O
,	O
conceded	O
that	O
he	O
tried	O
to	O
conceal	O
the	O
relationship	O
with	O
Ms.	O
Lewinsky	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
tried	O
to	O
conceal	O
that	O
and	O
we	O
've	O
acknowledged	O
that	O
that	O
was	O
evasive	O
and	O
misleading	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
obstruction	O
of	O
justice	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
intentional	O
falsification	O
.	O


In	O
return	O
for	O
the	O
admission	O
the	O
prosecutor	O
has	O
brought	O
the	O
Lewinsky	B-PERSON
case	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
and	O
has	O
dropped	O
any	O
plans	O
to	O
indict	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
.	O


As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
deal	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
will	O
accept	O
the	O
suspension	O
of	O
his	O
law	O
license	O
in	O
Arkansas	B-GPE
for	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Welcome	O
back	O
to	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
now	O
coming	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
am	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Riggs	I-PERSON
.	O


Israelis	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
could	O
begin	O
a	O
marathon	O
round	O
of	O
peace	O
talks	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
Sunday	B-DATE
but	O
Israel	B-GPE
has	O
not	O
yet	O
said	O
whether	O
it	O
will	O
take	O
part	O
.	O


Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
is	O
postponing	O
until	O
Saturday	B-DATE
his	O
government	O
's	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
's	O
proposal	O
for	O
talks	O
.	O


Correspondent	O
Laurie	B-PERSON
Cassman	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
that	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
is	O
under	O
pressure	O
to	O
go	O
ahead	O
with	O
the	O
peace	O
effort	O
.	O


Prime	O
Minister	O
Barak	B-PERSON
is	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
his	O
top	O
ministers	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
on	O
Saturday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
to	O
decide	O
what	O
response	O
to	O
give	O
to	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
's	O
proposal	O
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
was	O
delayed	O
a	O
day	O
in	O
protest	O
after	O
the	O
brutal	O
killing	O
of	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
youth	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
have	O
proposed	O
a	O
ten	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
non-stop	O
negotiating	O
session	O
to	O
narrow	O
differences	O
over	O
key	O
issues	O
blocking	O
a	O
final	O
peace	O
agreement	O
.	O


If	O
Israel	B-GPE
says	O
yes	O
,	O
the	O
marathon	O
meeting	O
will	O
probably	O
take	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
Red	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
resort	O
of	O
Taba	B-GPE
just	O
across	O
the	O
border	O
from	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
TV	O
says	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
already	O
are	O
sending	O
an	O
advanced	O
team	O
to	O
Taba	B-GPE
to	O
prepare	O
for	O
the	O
meeting	O
.	O


The	O
talks	O
would	O
come	O
in	O
an	O
awkward	O
moment	O
for	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Barak	B-PERSON
who	O
is	O
facing	O
an	O
uphill	O
battle	O
to	O
keep	O
his	O
job	O
.	O


The	O
latest	O
opinion	O
polls	O
show	O
right	O
wing	O
Likud	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
leader	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
could	O
easily	O
win	O
the	O
February	B-DATE
6th	I-DATE
election	O
.	O


Prime	O
Minister	O
Barak	B-PERSON
had	O
hoped	O
for	O
a	O
peace	O
deal	O
to	O
clinch	O
victory	O
.	O


Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
has	O
already	O
said	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
honor	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
compromise	O
proposals	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
his	O
negotiating	O
position	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
would	O
be	O
much	O
tougher	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
's	O
peace	O
plan	O
would	O
retain	O
Israeli	B-NORP
sovereignty	O
over	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-LOC
Golan	I-LOC
Heights	I-LOC
,	O
which	O
Israel	B-GPE
seized	O
from	O
Syria	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-EVENT
1967	I-EVENT
Arab	I-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Israeli	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
.	O


The	O
plan	O
would	O
also	O
cut	O
in	O
half	B-CARDINAL
the	O
amount	O
of	O
West	B-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
land	O
Israel	B-GPE
is	O
to	O
turn	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Mr.	O
Sharon	B-GPE
talks	O
of	O
long	O
term	O
interest	O
talks	O
push	O
for	O
a	O
single	O
final	O
peace	O
settlement	O
.	O


Laurie	B-PERSON
Cassman	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
Spain	B-GPE
the	O
Basque	B-NORP
separatist	O
group	O
Eta	B-ORG
has	O
claimed	O
responsibility	O
for	O
three	B-CARDINAL
killings	O
and	O
various	O
attacks	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


Gill	B-PERSON
Gabrahall	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
Madrid	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
a	O
communique	O
published	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Basque	B-NORP
newspapers	O
The	O
terrorist	O
group	O
ETA	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
conducted	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
terrorist	O
attacks	O
since	O
October	B-DATE
.	O


Eta	B-ORG
also	O
threatened	O
those	O
who	O
signed	O
an	O
anti-terrorist	O
pact	O
promoted	O
by	O
Spain	B-GPE
's	O
two	B-CARDINAL
major	O
political	O
parties	O
.	O


The	O
Basque	B-NORP
terrorist	O
group	O
admitted	O
to	O
killing	O
former	O
Socialist	O
Health	O
Minister	O
Ernest	B-PERSON
Yuke	I-PERSON
on	O
November	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
and	O
then	O
in	O
December	B-DATE
killing	O
a	O
Catalan	B-NORP
town	O
councilman	O
and	O
a	O
busload	O
of	O
police	O
officers	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
publication	O
of	O
the	O
communique	O
Eta	B-ORG
has	O
now	O
admitted	O
to	O
all	O
23	B-CARDINAL
killings	O
for	O
which	O
it	O
was	O
blamed	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
after	O
calling	O
off	O
a	O
fourteen	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
truce	O
.	O


Eta	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
blamed	O
for	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
800	I-CARDINAL
deaths	O
in	O
its	O
33	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
drive	O
for	O
an	O
independent	O
Basque	B-NORP
homeland	O
in	O
northern	O
Spain	B-GPE
and	O
southern	O
France	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
terrorist	O
group	O
also	O
claimed	O
to	O
have	O
carried	O
out	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
attacks	O
including	O
attempts	O
to	O
kill	O
various	O
journalists	O
,	O
placing	O
a	O
bomb	O
in	O
an	O
elevator	O
at	O
a	O
Basque	B-NORP
university	O
and	O
bombing	O
attacks	O
against	O
businesses	O
that	O
failed	O
to	O
pay	O
its	O
so	O
called	O
revolutionary	O
tax	O
.	O


Eta	B-ORG
also	O
threatened	O
members	O
of	O
Spain	B-GPE
's	O
ruling	O
Popular	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
main	O
opposition	O
Socialists	B-NORP
.	O


In	O
December	B-DATE
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
parties	O
signed	O
an	O
anti-terrorism	O
pact	O
to	O
isolate	O
the	O
moderate	O
but	O
pro-independence	O
Basque	B-ORG
Nationalist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
or	O
PNB	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
PNB	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
ruling	O
the	O
autonomous	O
Basque	B-NORP
region	O
of	O
Spain	B-GPE
with	O
a	O
minority	O
government	O
since	O
it	O
was	O
abandoned	O
by	O
Eta	B-ORG
's	O
political	O
wing	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
.	O


Eta	B-ORG
does	O
not	O
want	O
the	O
PNB	B-ORG
to	O
cooperate	O
with	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
mainstream	O
political	O
parties	O
.	O


The	O
terrorist	O
group	O
justified	O
its	O
assassination	O
of	O
Socialist	B-NORP
Ernest	B-PERSON
Yuke	I-PERSON
because	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
stronger	O
ties	O
between	O
his	O
party	O
and	O
the	O
PNB	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
Basque	B-NORP
Chief	O
Minister	O
Gwan	B-PERSON
Jose	I-PERSON
Ibariche	I-PERSON
has	O
pledged	O
to	O
call	O
regional	O
elections	O
though	O
Spain	B-GPE
's	O
Socialists	B-NORP
and	O
the	B-ORG
Popular	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
have	O
vowed	O
not	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
regional	O
coalition	O
government	O
with	O
the	O
PNB	B-ORG
.	O


Gill	B-PERSON
Gabrahall	I-PERSON
for	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Madrid	B-GPE
.	O


President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
has	O
reached	O
a	O
deal	O
with	O
independent	O
prosecutor	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Ray	I-PERSON
to	O
avoid	O
indictment	O
after	O
leaving	O
office	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
statement	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
admitted	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
fully	O
tell	O
the	O
truth	O
when	O
he	O
gave	O
testimony	O
about	O
his	O
relationship	O
with	O
former	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
intern	O
Monica	B-PERSON
Lewinsky	I-PERSON
.	O


US	B-GPE
Secretary	O
of	O
Defense	B-ORG
William	B-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
and	O
top	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
commanders	O
failed	O
to	O
anticipate	O
threats	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
destroyer	O
Cole	B-PRODUCT
in	O
Yemen	B-GPE
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
Navy	B-ORG
report	O
on	O
the	O
suicide	O
bombing	O
released	O
today	B-DATE
does	O
not	O
recommend	O
any	O
disciplinary	O
action	O
.	O


Former	O
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
drew	O
cheers	O
from	O
admirers	O
at	O
a	O
US	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
base	O
outside	O
Washington	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
before	O
departing	O
for	O
his	O
home	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Prior	O
to	O
leaving	O
office	O
today	B-DATE
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
issued	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
presidential	O
pardons	O
.	O


Among	O
those	O
pardoned	O
was	O
Susan	B-PERSON
Mcdoogle	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
business	O
partner	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
who	O
became	O
a	O
key	O
figure	O
in	O
the	O
White	B-ORG
Water	I-ORG
Real	I-ORG
Estate	I-ORG
investigation	O
that	O
plagued	O
the	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
presidency	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
peace	O
talks	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
negotiating	O
teams	O
formed	O
a	O
group	O
Monday	B-DATE
to	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
massive	O
issue	O
of	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Palestinian	B-NORP
refugees	O
.	O


Scot	B-PERSON
Bob	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
the	O
Red	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
resort	O
of	O
Taba	B-GPE
.	O


Before	O
breaking	O
for	O
dinner	O
delegates	O
held	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sessions	O
lasting	O
eight	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
mood	O
here	O
continues	O
to	O
be	O
pessimistic	O
,	O
but	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
appear	O
cordial	O
and	O
by	O
Monday	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
most	O
delegates	O
had	O
dafted	O
their	O
coats	O
and	O
ties	O
for	O
more	O
casual	O
clothes	O
.	O


Palestinian	B-ORG
Parliament	I-ORG
speaker	O
Ahmed	B-PERSON
Kurai	I-PERSON
indicated	O
however	O
,	O
an	O
agreement	O
is	O
still	O
not	O
assured	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
say	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
very	O
serious	O
discussions	O
on	O
issues	O
which	O
represent	O
the	O
keys	O
of	O
the	O
agreement	O
are	O
in	O
discussions	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
still	O
a	O
gap	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
are	O
working	O
very	O
seriously	O
to	O
see	O
whether	O
it	O
's	O
possible	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kurai	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
topics	O
under	O
discussion	O
include	O
the	O
issues	O
of	O
territory	O
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
refugees	O
.	O


The	O
talks	O
began	O
Sunday	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
.	O


Officials	O
said	O
they	O
would	O
meet	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
ten	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
hopes	O
of	O
forging	O
agreement	O
on	O
at	O
least	O
some	O
outstanding	O
issues	O
before	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
prime	O
ministerial	O
election	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


Scot	B-PERSON
Bob	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Taba	B-GPE
,	O
Egypt	B-GPE
.	O


Violence	O
has	O
flared	O
in	O
Indian	B-LOC
Kashmir	I-LOC
as	O
the	O
deadline	O
for	O
the	O
expiration	O
of	O
a	O
government	O
sponsored	O
unilateral	O
ceasefire	O
approaches	O
.	O


As	O
Anjana	B-PERSON
Pasricha	I-PERSON
reports	O
,	O
the	O
renewed	O
violence	O
has	O
cast	O
a	O
shadow	O
on	O
the	O
Indian	B-NORP
government	O
's	O
peace	O
initiative	O
.	O


Defense	B-ORG
Minister	O
George	B-PERSON
Fernandes	I-PERSON
said	O
Monday	B-DATE
the	O
government	O
will	O
decide	O
whether	O
to	O
extend	O
the	O
ceasefire	O
in	O
Kashmir	B-LOC
after	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
situation	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Fernandes	B-PERSON
says	O
violence	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
has	O
escalated	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Sunday	B-DATE
,	O
stepped	O
-	O
up	O
violence	O
claimed	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
fifteen	I-CARDINAL
lives	O
across	O
Kashmir	B-LOC
.	O


Six	B-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
killed	O
and	O
dozens	O
of	O
others	O
injured	O
when	O
a	O
public	O
bus	O
was	O
hit	O
by	O
a	O
landmine	O
blast	O
about	B-QUANTITY
thirty	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
north	O
of	O
Srinagar	B-GPE
.	O


No	O
one	O
has	O
claimed	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
attack	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
incidents	O
,	O
police	O
said	O
militants	O
set	O
off	O
an	O
explosion	O
outside	O
the	O
office	O
of	O
the	O
ruling	O
National	B-ORG
Conference	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
in	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
winter	O
capital	O
Jammu	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
militants	O
were	O
killed	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
separate	O
encounters	O
with	O
security	O
forces	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
India	B-GPE
,	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
and	O
Kashmir	B-LOC
's	O
main	O
separatist	O
alliance	O
have	O
traded	O
accusations	O
of	O
jeopardizing	O
the	O
peace	O
initiative	O
.	O


Kashmir	B-LOC
's	O
main	O
political	O
alliance	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
All	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Hurriyat	I-ORG
Conference	I-ORG
has	O
accused	O
hard	O
liners	O
in	O
the	O
Indian	B-NORP
government	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
sabotage	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
.	O


Senior	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
want	O
to	O
travel	O
to	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
for	O
talks	O
but	O
the	O
Indian	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
granted	O
travel	O
documents	O
for	O
the	O
visit	O
.	O


Pakistan	B-GPE
has	O
accused	O
India	B-GPE
of	O
threatening	O
the	O
peace	O
process	O
by	O
refusing	O
to	O
issue	O
travel	O
documents	O
to	O
the	O
Hurrriyat	B-ORG
leaders	O
.	O


Senior	O
Indian	B-NORP
officials	O
have	O
accused	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
of	O
continuing	O
to	O
train	O
and	O
arm	O
Islamic	B-NORP
militants	O
despite	O
the	O
ceasefire	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
expressed	O
disappointment	O
that	O
the	O
ceasefire	O
has	O
failed	O
to	O
reduce	O
violence	O
in	O
Kashmir	B-LOC
.	O


India	B-GPE
declared	O
a	O
ceasefire	O
in	O
Kashmir	B-LOC
for	O
the	O
Muslim	B-NORP
holy	O
month	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
Ramadan	I-DATE
and	O
later	O
extended	O
it	O
for	O
another	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Kashmir	B-LOC
has	O
been	O
hit	O
by	O
a	O
Muslim	B-NORP
separatist	O
insurgency	O
since	O
1989	B-DATE
.	O


Anjana	B-PERSON
Pascricha	I-PERSON
for	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
Delhi	I-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiators	O
have	O
formed	O
working	O
groups	O
to	O
tackle	O
the	O
most	O
difficult	O
issues	O
at	O
their	O
peace	O
talks	O
in	O
the	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
Red	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
resort	O
of	O
Taba	B-GPE
.	O


Senior	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
negotiator	O
Ahmed	B-PERSON
Kurai	I-PERSON
told	O
reporters	O
that	O
serious	O
discussions	O
are	O
being	O
held	O
on	O
major	O
issues	O
specifically	O
on	O
territory	O
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
refugees	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
the	O
talks	O
will	O
continue	O
until	O
Friday	B-DATE
when	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
will	O
take	O
stock	O
.	O


Participants	O
say	O
the	O
gaps	O
are	O
still	O
wide	O
with	O
no	O
progress	O
to	O
mention	O
.	O


Late	B-TIME
Monday	I-TIME
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
telephoned	O
US	B-GPE
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Colin	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
to	O
update	O
him	O
on	O
the	O
talks	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
David	B-PERSON
Coler	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
negotiators	O
are	O
heading	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
resort	O
of	O
Taba	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
to	O
resume	O
marathon	O
peace	O
talks	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
resumption	O
comes	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
Israel	B-GPE
suspended	O
all	O
contacts	O
following	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Israelis	B-NORP
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
.	O


In	O
late	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
consultations	O
with	O
his	O
senior	O
ministers	O
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
decided	O
to	O
resume	O
negotiations	O
after	O
the	O
funerals	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Israelis	B-NORP
.	O


A	O
statement	O
from	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
office	O
said	O
the	O
talks	O
would	O
continue	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
and	O
would	O
break	O
for	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
February	B-DATE
6th	I-DATE
election	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
Tony	B-PERSON
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
talks	O
are	O
set	O
to	O
resume	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
Taba	B-GPE
Egypt	B-GPE
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
suspended	O
the	O
talks	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
to	O
protest	O
the	O
murders	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Israeli	B-NORP
citizens	O
by	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
gunmen	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
West	I-GPE
Bank	I-GPE
,	O
but	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
senior	O
ministers	O
decided	O
on	O
the	O
resumption	O
during	O
a	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
conference	O
at	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
residence	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
peace	O
talks	O
have	O
ended	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
with	O
a	O
statement	O
declaring	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
are	O
closer	O
than	O
ever	O
to	O
a	O
final	O
agreement	O
.	O


The	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
delegation	O
,	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Shlomo	B-PERSON
Ben	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
called	O
the	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
talks	O
constructive	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
had	O
the	O
most	O
truthful	O
,	O
constructive	O
,	O
profound	O
negotiations	O
ever	O
to	O
be	O
held	O
since	O
this	O
phase	O
in	O
the	O
peace	O
talks	O
has	O
started	O
.	O


We	O
feel	O
that	O
today	B-DATE
we	O
are	O
closer	O
than	O
ever	O
to	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
striking	O
the	O
final	O
deal	O
between	O
us	O
and	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Mr.	O
Ben	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ami	I-PERSON
said	O
there	O
is	O
possibility	O
that	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
might	O
meet	O
with	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leader	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
delegation	O
,	O
Ahmed	B-PERSON
Kurai	I-PERSON
says	O
if	O
opposition	O
candidate	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
comes	O
to	O
power	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
election	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
are	O
ready	O
to	O
negotiate	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
peace	O
talks	O
have	O
ended	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
with	O
a	O
statement	O
declaring	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
closer	O
than	O
ever	O
to	O
a	O
final	O
agreement	O
.	O


Talks	O
may	O
resume	O
after	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
elections	O
.	O


A	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
Federal	O
Judge	O
says	O
he	O
will	O
allow	O
the	O
alleged	O
confession	O
of	O
a	O
suspect	O
charged	O
in	O
the	O
deadly	O
1998	B-DATE
bombings	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
US	B-GPE
embassies	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
.	O


Judge	O
Linnard	B-PERSON
Sand	I-PERSON
originally	O
threw	O
out	O
Mohammed	B-PERSON
Rashid	I-PERSON
Dawood	I-PERSON
Alawali	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
statement	O
because	O
he	O
said	O
police	O
forced	O
his	O
confession	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
changed	O
his	O
mind	O
after	O
new	O
testimonies	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
suspect	O
waived	O
his	O
right	O
to	O
speak	O
to	O
an	O
attorney	O
after	O
his	O
arrest	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Alawali	B-PERSON
and	O
three	B-CARDINAL
others	O
are	O
charged	O
with	O
the	O
bombings	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
embassies	O
in	O
Kenya	B-GPE
and	O
Tanzania	B-GPE
that	O
killed	O
224	B-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
David	B-PERSON
Coler	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
Britain	B-GPE
have	O
welcomed	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
's	O
conviction	O
of	O
a	O
Libyan	B-NORP
defendant	O
for	O
the	O
1988	B-DATE
Lockerbie	B-GPE
bombing	O
that	O
killed	O
270	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
stood	O
firm	O
in	O
demanding	O
that	O
Libya	B-GPE
accept	O
responsibility	O
and	O
compensate	O
the	O
victims	O
'	O
families	O
.	O


State	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
spokesman	O
,	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Bowcher	I-PERSON
.	O


As	O
we	O
've	O
said	O
all	O
along	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
Libya	B-GPE
must	O
take	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
actions	O
of	O
Libyan	B-NORP
officials	O
.	O


That	O
means	O
revealing	O
everything	O
they	O
know	O
about	O
the	O
Lockerbie	B-GPE
bombing	O
,	O
paying	O
reparations	O
,	O
a	O
clear	O
declaration	O
acknowledging	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
actions	O
of	O
Libyan	B-NORP
officials	O
and	O
clear	O
unambiguous	O
actions	O
which	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
Libyan	B-NORP
government	O
understands	O
this	O
responsibility	O
.	O


But	O
late	B-TIME
Wednesday	I-TIME
a	O
Libyan	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
official	O
said	O
Eee	O
is	O
not	O
to	O
blame	O
for	O
the	O
bombing	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
and	O
these	O
are	O
his	O
words	O
,	O
``	O
Libya	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
state	O
has	O
no	O
responsibility	O
in	O
this	O
affair	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
court	O
in	O
Camp	B-FAC
Zeist	I-FAC
Holland	B-GPE
convicted	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Libyan	B-NORP
defendants	O
of	O
planting	O
the	O
suitcase	O
bomb	O
which	O
brought	O
down	O
Pan	B-PRODUCT
Am	I-PRODUCT
Flight	I-PRODUCT
103	I-PRODUCT
over	O
the	O
Scottish	B-NORP
town	O
of	O
Lockerbie	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
killed	O
all	O
259	B-CARDINAL
people	O
on	O
board	O
and	O
11	B-CARDINAL
people	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


In	O
Israel	B-GPE
the	O
latest	O
opinion	O
polls	O
show	O
hard	O
-	O
liner	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
is	O
virtually	O
assured	O
of	O
winning	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
national	O
election	O
.	O


The	O
story	O
from	O
Ross	B-PERSON
Don	I-PERSON
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


An	O
opinion	O
poll	O
published	O
in	O
the	O
Jerusalem	B-ORG
Post	I-ORG
newspaper	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
shows	O
that	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
,	O
Chairman	O
of	O
the	O
right	O
wing	O
Likud	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
has	O
a	O
commanding	O
22	B-CARDINAL
-	O
point	O
lead	O
over	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
poll	O
,	O
49	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
those	O
interviewed	O
said	O
they	O
would	O
vote	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
while	O
27	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
would	O
support	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
.	O


Another	O
Poll	O
,	O
this	O
one	O
in	O
the	O
Hebrew	B-LANGUAGE
daily	O
Yudiad	B-ORG
Acronod	I-ORG
found	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
had	O
a	O
16	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
lead	O
over	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
.	O


All	O
such	O
surveys	O
show	O
the	O
gap	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
candidates	O
is	O
widening	O
but	O
that	O
former	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
Labour	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
better	O
chance	O
of	O
defeating	O
Mr.	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
despite	O
his	O
poor	O
standing	O
in	O
the	O
opinion	O
polls	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
has	O
no	O
intention	O
of	O
standing	O
down	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Peres	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
Hebrew	B-LANGUAGE
daily	O
newspaper	O
Harord	B-ORG
says	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
's	O
inner	O
circle	O
of	O
advisors	O
has	O
told	O
him	O
he	O
may	O
have	O
to	O
reconsider	O
his	O
position	O
.	O


Ross	B-PERSON
Dun	I-PERSON
for	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
,	O
Tony	B-PERSON
.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
Britain	B-GPE
are	O
calling	O
on	O
Libya	B-GPE
to	O
accept	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
bombing	O
of	O
a	O
Pan	B-ORG
Am	I-ORG
jetliner	O
over	O
Lockerbie	B-GPE
,	O
Scotland	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
are	O
also	O
calling	O
on	O
Libya	B-GPE
to	O
compensate	O
families	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
perished	O
.	O


In	O
Washington	B-GPE
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
said	O
nothing	O
can	O
change	O
the	O
suffering	O
and	O
loss	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
December	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
attack	O
on	O
Pan	B-PRODUCT
Am	I-PRODUCT
Flight	I-PRODUCT
103	I-PRODUCT
that	O
killed	O
270	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
welcomed	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
's	O
guilty	O
verdict	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Libyan	B-NORP
agents	O
accused	O
in	O
the	O
bombing	O
.	O


Correspondent	O
Scot	B-PERSON
Bob	I-PERSON
reports	O
from	O
our	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
bureau	O
Libyan	B-NORP
dissidents	O
are	O
hailing	O
the	O
verdict	O
while	O
the	O
Libyan	B-NORP
government	O
says	O
it	O
will	O
appeal	O
.	O


A	O
spokesman	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Libyan	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
told	O
state	O
television	O
his	O
government	O
accepts	O
the	O
verdict	O
but	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
appealed	O
.	O


The	O
official	O
noted	O
Libya	B-GPE
's	O
co-operation	O
in	O
handing	O
over	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
suspects	O
and	O
called	O
for	O
the	O
immediate	O
lifting	O
of	O
sanctions	O
.	O


A	O
Libyan	B-NORP
dissident	O
exiled	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
Mohammed	B-PERSON
Fias	I-PERSON
Jabrel	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
is	O
satisfied	O
with	O
the	O
verdict	O
because	O
it	O
proves	O
Libya	B-GPE
has	O
committed	O
crimes	O
against	O
innocent	O
people	O
but	O
Mr.	O
Jabrel	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
hopes	O
the	O
case	O
is	O
not	O
closed	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
that	O
the	O
investigations	O
would	O
continue	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
real	O
murderers	O
which	O
is	O
of	O
the	O
League	O
of	O
Col.	O
Gaddafi	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
is	O
responsible	O
of	O
the	O
act	O
.	O


That	O
act	O
will	O
not	O
displace	O
that	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
order	O
it	O
.	O


270	B-CARDINAL
people	O
died	O
in	O
the	O
1988	B-DATE
bombing	O
over	O
the	O
Scottish	B-NORP
town	O
of	O
Lockerbie	B-GPE
.	O


Libya	B-GPE
initially	O
refused	O
to	O
hand	O
over	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
suspects	O
but	O
it	O
surrendered	O
them	O
nearly	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
on	O
condition	O
they	O
be	O
tried	O
in	O
a	O
country	O
other	O
than	O
Britain	B-GPE
or	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Scot	B-PERSON
Bob	I-PERSON
,	O
VOA	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
Middle	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
East	I-FAC
Bureau	I-FAC
.	O


Opinion	O
polls	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
show	O
hard	O
-	O
liner	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
Sharon	I-PERSON
widening	O
his	O
lead	O
over	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ehud	B-PERSON
Barak	I-PERSON
as	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
February	B-DATE
6th	I-DATE
election	O
draws	O
nearer	O
.	O


A	O
Jerusalem	B-ORG
Post	I-ORG
poll	O
shows	O
Mr.	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
's	O
lead	O
widening	O
to	O
22	B-CARDINAL
percentage	O
points	O
from	O
16	B-CARDINAL
points	O
last	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Barak	B-PERSON
is	O
facing	O
mounting	O
pressure	O
from	O
within	O
his	O
Labor	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
to	O
step	O
aside	O
and	O
let	O
elder	O
statesman	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
run	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
said	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
at	O
a	O
campaign	O
rally	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
dare	O
approach	O
him	O
to	O
drop	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
race	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
Handover	O
:	O
Taiwan	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Macau	I-NORP
Relations	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
New	I-DATE
Millennium	I-DATE


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
nearly	O
one	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
travelers	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
passed	O
through	O
Macau	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
,	O
heading	O
for	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
or	O
visiting	O
Macau	B-GPE
itself	O
,	O
and	O
accounting	O
for	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
passengers	O
using	O
the	O
airport	O
.	O


Around	O
1,000	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
civil	O
servants	O
have	O
studied	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
every	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
some	O
30,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
travel	O
from	O
Macau	B-GPE
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
for	O
business	O
or	O
work	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
400	B-CARDINAL
students	O
.	O


But	O
against	O
the	O
backdrop	O
of	O
continued	O
proclamations	O
from	O
the	O
PRC	B-ORG
about	O
how	O
"	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
'	O
one	B-CARDINAL
country	O
two	B-CARDINAL
systems	O
'	O
arrangement	O
sets	O
an	O
example	O
for	O
solving	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
problem	O
,	O
"	O
these	O
figures	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Macau	I-NORP
exchanges	O
that	O
they	O
represent	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
willfully	O
neglected	O
by	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
mainstream	O
media	O
.	O


Macau	B-GPE
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
:	O
so	O
near	O
and	O
yet	O
so	O
far	O
.	O


What	O
are	O
the	O
connections	O
that	O
bind	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
places	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
are	O
the	O
opportunities	O
for	O
new	O
developments	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
the	O
1999	B-DATE
handover	O
?	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
19	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1999	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
eve	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
transfer	O
of	O
sovereignty	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
published	O
a	O
survey	O
on	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
public	O
's	O
views	O
about	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
return	O
to	O
Chinese	B-NORP
control	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
survey	O
,	O
31	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
people	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
were	O
n't	O
even	O
aware	O
that	O
Macau	B-GPE
was	O
about	O
to	O
be	O
handed	O
back	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
while	O
53	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
answered	O
that	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
whether	O
the	O
handover	O
would	O
be	O
beneficial	O
or	O
harmful	O
for	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
development	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
asked	O
whether	O
the	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
country	O
two	B-CARDINAL
systems	O
"	O
formula	O
,	O
as	O
used	O
for	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
was	O
acceptable	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
59	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
responded	O
"	O
No	O
,	O
"	O
while	O
27	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
said	O
that	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


As	O
these	O
results	O
clearly	O
indicate	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
still	O
know	O
little	O
about	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
existing	O
exchanges	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
than	O
half	O
of	O
them	O
flatly	O
reject	O
Beijing	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
one	O
country	O
two	O
systems	O
"	O
formula	O
-	O
so	O
readily	O
taken	O
up	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
-	O
as	O
a	O
solution	O
to	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
question	O
.	O


Conveniently	O
connected	O


It	O
takes	O
just	O
an	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
and	I-TIME
a	I-TIME
half	I-TIME
to	O
fly	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
Macau	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
Macau	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
professor	O
Wong	B-PERSON
Hon	I-PERSON
Keong	I-PERSON
says	O
,	O
"	O
You	O
can	O
get	O
there	O
and	O
back	O
in	O
a	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


You	O
catch	O
the	O
first	O
flight	O
to	O
Macau	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
morning	B-TIME
,	O
stop	O
at	O
the	O
Westin	B-ORG
for	O
a	O
coffee	O
and	O
to	O
talk	O
business	O
,	O
head	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
outlying	O
islands	O
in	O
the	O
afternoon	B-TIME
for	O
a	O
round	O
of	O
golf	O
,	O
take	O
a	O
stroll	O
downtown	O
,	O
and	O
return	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
that	O
evening	B-TIME
.	O
"	O


But	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
convenience	O
for	O
travelers	O
,	O
ties	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
places	O
have	O
been	O
practically	O
invisible	O
for	O
several	B-DATE
decades	I-DATE
.	O


What	O
path	O
will	O
the	O
relationship	O
follow	O
now	O
that	O
Macau	B-GPE
has	O
returned	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
?	O


As	O
you	O
pass	O
through	O
the	O
offices	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Macau	I-ORG
government	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
directorate	O
of	O
administration	O
you	O
notice	O
the	O
relative	O
youth	O
of	O
the	O
staff	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
whom	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
their	O
thirties	B-DATE
.	O


Rosa	B-PERSON
Tam	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
heads	O
the	O
recruitment	O
and	O
selection	O
division	O
of	O
the	O
directorate	O
's	O
human	O
resources	O
department	O
,	O
introduces	O
many	O
of	O
her	O
colleagues	O
with	O
the	O
remark	O
that	O
he	O
or	O
she	O
"	O
studied	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
too	O
.	O
"	O


Tam	B-PERSON
herself	O
graduated	O
from	O
the	O
department	O
of	O
educational	O
psychology	O
at	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
Normal	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
in	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
joined	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
department	O
of	O
education	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
before	O
eventually	O
moving	O
to	O
the	O
directorate	O
of	O
administration	O
and	O
rising	O
to	O
the	O
post	O
of	O
division	O
chief	O
in	O
just	O
11	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Tam	B-PERSON
is	O
just	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
many	O
Macau	B-GPE
civil	O
servants	O
who	O
have	O
studied	O
for	O
degrees	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Macau	I-ORG
government	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
directorate	O
for	O
administration	O
says	O
that	O
around	O
200	B-CARDINAL
Macau	B-GPE
civil	O
servants	O
have	O
academic	O
qualifications	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
according	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
representative	O
office	O
in	O
the	O
territory	O
,	O
the	O
figure	O
is	O
closer	O
to	O
1,000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


This	O
may	O
not	O
represent	O
a	O
very	O
large	O
share	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
17,000	B-CARDINAL
civil	O
servants	O
,	O
but	O
given	O
that	O
many	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
graduated	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
hold	O
senior	O
ranks	O
,	O
it	O
adds	O
something	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
flavor	O
"	O
to	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
the	O
Macau	B-GPE
SAR	O
-LRB-	B-ORG
Special	I-ORG
Administrative	I-ORG
Region	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
contrast	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
alumni	O
are	O
noticeable	O
by	O
their	O
absence	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
SAR	I-ORG
government	I-ORG
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
senior	O
government	O
official	O
to	O
have	O
studied	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
Ou	B-PERSON
Wenlong	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
graduated	O
in	O
mechanical	O
engineering	O
at	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
NTU	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Ou	B-PERSON
is	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
secretary	O
for	O
transportation	O
and	O
public	O
works	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
appointed	O
by	O
Chief	O
Executive	O
Edmund	B-PERSON
Ho	I-PERSON
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
SAR	I-ORG
government	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
five	B-CARDINAL
administration	O
secretaries	O
.	O


Amid	O
all	O
the	O
hype	O
surrounding	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
incorporation	O
under	O
the	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
country	O
two	B-CARDINAL
systems	O
"	O
formula	O
,	O
the	O
sensitive	O
issue	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
connection	O
"	O
within	O
the	B-ORG
Macau	I-ORG
government	I-ORG
is	O
little	O
discussed	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
clearest	O
example	O
of	O
this	O
connection	O
,	O
Ou	B-PERSON
Wenlong	I-PERSON
is	O
one	O
official	O
that	O
many	O
journalists	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
tried	O
to	O
get	O
an	O
interview	O
with	O
,	O
but	O
their	O
requests	O
have	O
all	O
been	O
turned	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
grounds	O
that	O
the	O
secretary	O
is	O
"	O
too	O
busy	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
did	O
nevertheless	O
find	O
time	O
to	O
do	O
an	O
interview	O
with	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Phoenix	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
,	O
during	O
which	O
he	O
discoursed	O
freely	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
development	O
.	O


Sinorama	B-ORG
applied	O
,	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
official	O
procedure	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
press	O
pass	O
to	O
the	O
handover	O
ceremony	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
application	O
was	O
eventually	O
rejected	O
as	O
"	O
unapproved	O
by	O
the	O
security	O
department	O
.	O
"	O


On	O
the	O
eve	O
of	O
the	O
handover	O
,	O
the	O
signboard	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Tourism	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
was	O
quietly	O
taken	O
down	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
office	O
had	O
been	O
privately	O
warned	O
to	O
remove	O
the	O
sign	O
before	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
sovereignty	O
.	O


Office	O
director	O
William	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
was	O
subsequently	O
reprimanded	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Mainland	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
for	O
his	O
handling	O
of	O
the	O
affair	O
.	O


None	O
of	O
the	O
above	O
was	O
problems	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
handover	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
which	O
goes	O
to	O
show	O
how	O
cautious	O
the	O
Macau	B-GPE
SAR	I-GPE
government	O
is	O
regarding	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


When	O
senior	O
Macau	B-GPE
officials	O
are	O
asked	O
about	O
having	O
studied	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
they	O
are	O
always	O
quick	O
to	O
add	O
mention	O
of	O
other	O
academic	O
qualifications	O
obtained	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
Lisbon	B-GPE
,	O
or	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
It	O
's	O
called	O
sanitizing	O
your	O
record	O
!	O
"	O
quips	O
Tan	B-PERSON
Zhiqiang	I-PERSON
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
Macau	B-GPE
bureau	O
chief	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
,	O
who	O
was	O
born	O
and	O
raised	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
and	O
wrote	O
his	O
doctoral	O
dissertation	O
on	O
"	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Question	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Macau	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Sovereignty	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


The	O
more	O
senior	O
a	O
government	O
official	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
defensive	O
he	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
his	O
studies	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
It	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
where	O
you	O
studied	O
and	O
where	O
you	O
graduated	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Mingying	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
senior	O
official	O
in	O
the	O
Macau	B-GPE
government	O
's	O
news	O
department	O
.	O


Competence	O
and	O
professionalism	O
are	O
what	O
the	O
government	O
requires	O
from	O
its	O
personnel	O
.	O


Another	O
graduate	O
of	O
a	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
institution	O
declares	O
bluntly	O
that	O
he	O
only	O
spent	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
getting	O
his	O
degree	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
place	O
had	O
virtually	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
him	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
steady	O
stream	O
of	O
students	O
from	O
Macau	B-GPE
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
ever	O
since	O
1955	B-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Overseas	I-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
around	B-CARDINAL
6,000	I-CARDINAL
have	O
come	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
Professor	O
Wong	B-PERSON
Hon	I-PERSON
Keong	I-PERSON
of	O
Macau	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Macau	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
says	O
that	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
middle	O
school	O
graduates	O
in	O
the	O
territory	O
have	O
sat	O
the	O
overseas	O
enrolment	O
test	O
for	O
college	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Around	B-CARDINAL
600	I-CARDINAL
candidates	O
passed	O
the	O
test	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
on	O
average	O
1,600	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
2,000	I-CARDINAL
students	O
from	O
Macau	B-GPE
at	O
university	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
at	O
any	O
one	O
time	O
.	O


"	O
Semi-liberated	O
area	O
"	O


Perhaps	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
the	O
apparent	O
lack	O
of	O
attachment	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
among	O
the	O
many	O
returned	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
alumni	O
can	O
be	O
traced	O
to	O
historical	O
factors	O
.	O


In	O
1966	B-DATE
,	O
Macau	B-GPE
was	O
convulsed	O
by	O
rioting	O
in	O
which	O
several	O
people	O
were	O
shot	O
and	O
killed	O
by	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
security	O
forces	O
.	O


The	O
enclave	O
's	O
left	O
-	O
wing	O
groups	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
closely	O
allied	O
with	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
took	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
situation	O
to	O
get	O
KMT	B-ORG
organizations	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
shut	O
down	O
and	O
their	O
people	O
expelled	O
.	O


Ever	O
since	O
,	O
Macau	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
regarded	O
in	O
certain	O
circles	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
"	O
semi-liberated	O
area	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
if	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
pro-Beijing	O
forces	O
are	O
that	O
strong	O
,	O
how	O
come	O
so	O
many	O
students	O
come	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
get	O
their	O
degrees	O
?	O


"	O
There	O
are	O
historical	O
reasons	O
for	O
this	O
too	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Ou	B-PERSON
Jinrong	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
president	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
Taiwan	B-ORG
Alumni	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
and	O
a	O
member	O
both	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Macau	I-ORG
SAR	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
first	B-ORG
Selection	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
its	O
Preparatory	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
.	O


Prior	O
to	O
the	O
1980s	B-DATE
,	O
Macau	B-GPE
lacked	O
its	O
own	O
colleges	O
,	O
and	O
students	O
had	O
to	O
go	O
overseas	O
for	O
higher	O
education	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
colleges	O
on	O
the	O
mainland	O
did	O
n't	O
start	O
enrolling	O
overseas	O
students	O
until	O
the	O
mid-1980s	B-DATE
,	O
while	O
it	O
was	O
difficult	O
to	O
gain	O
admission	O
to	O
university	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


Under	O
these	O
circumstances	O
,	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
universities	O
,	O
which	O
actively	O
recruited	O
abroad	O
,	O
were	O
a	O
natural	O
choice	O
for	O
many	O
Macau	B-NORP
students	O
.	O


"	O
In	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
return	O
you	O
get	O
on	O
your	O
investment	O
,	O
taking	O
your	O
degree	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
well	O
worth	O
it	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Yun	I-PERSON
,	O
acting	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
sanitation	O
and	O
environment	O
division	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
urban	O
administration	O
office	O
,	O
who	O
graduated	O
in	O
civil	O
engineering	O
from	O
National	B-ORG
Cheng	I-ORG
Kung	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
NCKU	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
Tainan	B-GPE
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
universities	O
have	O
good	O
teachers	O
and	O
decent	O
facilities	O
,	O
says	O
Wang	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
students	O
from	O
Macau	B-GPE
can	O
learn	O
much	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
that	O
will	O
benefit	O
them	O
in	O
their	O
careers	O
.	O


Unlike	O
the	O
colonial	O
administration	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
government	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Macau	I-ORG
under	O
the	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
recognized	O
academic	O
credentials	O
issued	O
by	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
institutions	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
mid-1980s	B-DATE
,	O
once	O
the	O
timetable	O
for	O
the	O
handover	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
Macau	B-GPE
had	O
been	O
agreed	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
began	O
to	O
localize	O
the	O
civil	O
service	O
in	O
preparation	O
for	O
the	O
transition	O
to	O
"	O
Macau	B-GPE
people	O
running	O
Macau	O
.	O
"	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
graduates	O
who	O
had	O
returned	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
private	O
sector	O
then	O
shifted	O
to	O
government	O
jobs	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
form	O
an	O
influential	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
administration	O
.	O


"	O
Little	O
prawns	O
grow	O
into	O
big	O
lobsters	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
fish	O
in	O
the	O
sea	O
,	O
"	O
smiles	O
Leong	B-PERSON
Kam	I-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
graduated	O
in	O
business	O
administration	O
from	O
NTU	B-ORG
in	O
1973	B-DATE
.	O


Compared	O
with	O
the	O
many	O
Macau	B-NORP
students	O
who	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
mainland	O
to	O
study	O
from	O
the	O
mid-1980s	B-DATE
onwards	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
graduated	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
returned	O
and	O
joined	O
the	O
civil	O
service	O
earlier	O
,	O
and	O
seem	O
to	O
have	O
made	O
faster	O
progress	O
in	O
their	O
careers	O
.	O


"	O
There	O
's	O
no	O
denying	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
universities	O
have	O
given	O
us	O
a	O
good	O
education	O
,	O
"	O
smiles	O
Leong	B-PERSON
Hong	I-PERSON
Sai	I-PERSON
,	O
secretary	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
Taiwan	B-ORG
Universities	I-ORG
Alumni	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
government	O
officials	O
who	O
studied	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
many	O
returned	O
graduates	O
have	O
become	O
influential	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
through	O
their	O
success	O
in	O
the	O
private	O
sector	O
.	O


Leong	B-PERSON
Kam	I-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
territory	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
group	O
of	O
professional	O
accountants	O
,	O
has	O
also	O
served	O
on	O
the	O
legislative	O
council	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Macau	I-ORG
SAR	I-ORG
Selection	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
.	O


Leong	B-PERSON
Man	I-PERSON
Io	I-PERSON
,	O
current	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
Universities	I-ORG
Alumni	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
who	O
graduated	O
in	O
civil	O
engineering	O
from	O
NCKU	B-ORG
,	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
most	O
prominent	O
civil	O
engineers	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
supervised	O
several	O
major	O
projects	O
such	O
as	O
landscaping	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
Maritime	B-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
and	O
setting	O
up	O
venues	O
for	O
the	O
handover	O
events	O
.	O


Unlike	O
neighboring	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
in	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
public	O
backlash	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
on	O
the	O
occasion	O
of	O
the	O
handover	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
exodus	O
of	O
emigrants	O
.	O


Everything	O
seemed	O
smooth	O
and	O
orderly	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
people	O
's	O
primary	O
concern	O
was	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
the	O
incoming	O
SAR	B-ORG
administration	O
would	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
tackling	O
difficult	O
problems	O
left	O
behind	O
by	O
the	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
,	O
particularly	O
economic	O
recession	O
and	O
declining	O
public	O
order	O
.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
"	O
localizations	O
"	O
-	O
of	O
civil	O
administration	O
,	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
official	O
language	O
-	O
have	O
become	O
a	O
focus	O
of	O
public	O
discussion	O
.	O


Concern	O
has	O
been	O
expressed	O
that	O
responsibility	O
has	O
been	O
passed	O
to	O
local	O
administrators	O
too	O
late	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
too	O
young	O
and	O
inexperienced	O
-	O
statistics	O
from	O
the	O
department	O
of	O
civil	O
service	O
reveal	O
that	O
61	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
government	O
officials	O
are	O
40	B-DATE
or	O
under	O
-	O
to	O
deal	O
effectively	O
with	O
problems	O
facing	O
the	O
newly	O
established	O
SAR	B-ORG
.	O


Leong	B-PERSON
Kam	I-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
says	O
:	O
"	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
began	O
nurturing	O
local	O
administrative	O
talent	O
in	O
the	O
mid-1970s	B-DATE
,	O
whereas	O
Macau	B-GPE
only	O
started	O
doing	O
so	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
mid-1980s	B-DATE
.	O


"	O
Several	O
problems	O
have	O
already	O
begun	O
to	O
emerge	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
"	O
legal	O
localization	O
.	O
"	O


Gary	B-PERSON
Mei	I-PERSON
,	O
executive	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Sino	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Latino	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
during	O
their	O
four	B-DATE
centuries	I-DATE
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
the	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
never	O
attempted	O
to	O
build	O
up	O
the	O
Portuguese	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
local	O
people	O
.	O


Few	O
Chinese	B-NORP
have	O
ever	O
mastered	O
Portuguese	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
not	O
many	O
people	O
who	O
understand	O
both	O
Western	O
law	O
and	O
the	O
Chinese	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
.	O


This	O
presents	O
enormous	O
difficulties	O
for	O
the	O
localization	O
into	O
Chinese	B-LANGUAGE
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
mass	O
of	O
colonial	O
era	O
laws	O
.	O


Due	O
to	O
the	O
chronic	O
dearth	O
of	O
qualified	O
personnel	O
among	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
judiciary	O
,	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
legal	O
localization	O
depends	O
on	O
experts	O
from	O
the	O
mainland	O
.	O


But	O
according	O
to	O
Gary	B-PERSON
Mei	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
The	O
socialist	B-NORP
law	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
on	O
the	O
mainland	O
is	O
out	O
of	O
synch	O
with	O
the	O
capitalist	O
-	O
type	O
law	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
terms	O
both	O
of	O
attitude	O
and	O
spirit	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
legal	O
professionals	O
who	O
have	O
studied	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
legal	O
concepts	O
are	O
closer	O
to	O
those	O
that	O
hold	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
can	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
this	O
localization	O
process	O
.	O


Communication	O
bridge	O


From	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
perspective	O
,	O
how	O
can	O
these	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
alumni	O
benefit	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Macau	I-NORP
relationship	O
?	O


As	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
alumni	O
explains	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
an	O
issue	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
addressed	O
too	O
directly	O
:	O
with	O
a	O
network	O
of	O
personal	O
connections	O
,	O
the	O
right	O
kind	O
of	O
communication	O
follows	O
naturally	O
.	O


Ou	B-PERSON
Jinrong	I-PERSON
frankly	O
notes	O
that	O
Yue	B-PERSON
Meizhen	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
vice-director	O
of	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
section	O
of	O
the	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
branch	O
of	O
Xinhua	B-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
once	O
encouraged	O
the	O
alumni	O
to	O
"	O
do	O
more	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
bridge	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
.	O
"	O


And	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
Mainland	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
invited	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Taiwan	O
Universities	B-ORG
Alumni	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
on	O
a	O
visit	O
back	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
"	O
to	O
hear	O
our	O
views	O
on	O
Taiwan	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Macau	I-NORP
relations	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Leong	B-PERSON
Hong	I-PERSON
Sai	I-PERSON
.	O


Wong	B-PERSON
Hon	I-PERSON
Keong	I-PERSON
,	O
deputy	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Macau	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
at	O
Macau	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
these	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
alumni	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
"	O
makes	O
it	O
easier	O
for	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
to	O
get	O
things	O
done	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
he	O
feels	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
an	O
asset	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
terms	O
of	O
developing	O
relations	O
with	O
Macau	B-GPE
.	O


William	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Cultural	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
also	O
testifies	O
to	O
the	O
benefits	O
that	O
the	O
alumni	O
bring	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
:	O
"	O
If	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
too	O
high	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
we	O
generally	O
have	O
no	O
problem	O
contacting	O
them	O
by	O
phone	O
,	O
providing	O
information	O
,	O
and	O
getting	O
together	O
for	O
things	O
like	O
social	O
events	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
Tan	B-PERSON
Zhiqiang	I-PERSON
,	O
himself	O
a	O
returned	O
alumni	O
,	O
points	O
out	O
while	O
it	O
's	O
fine	O
having	O
dinner	O
together	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
ever	O
came	O
to	O
it	O
,	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
alumni	O
would	O
want	O
to	O
actively	O
"	O
align	O
"	O
themselves	O
with	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
given	O
the	O
pro-Beijing	O
political	O
climate	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
Which	O
is	O
closer	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
or	O
the	O
mainland	O
?	O
"	O
asks	O
Tan	B-PERSON
.	O


Friendly	O
factions	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
political	O
divisions	O
are	O
not	O
as	O
sharply	O
defined	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
as	O
they	O
are	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
people	O
are	O
not	O
so	O
uptight	O
about	O
who	O
they	O
come	O
into	O
contact	O
with	O
.	O


After	O
all	O
,	O
Macau	B-GPE
covers	O
an	O
area	O
of	O
just	O
23	B-QUANTITY
sq.	I-QUANTITY
km	I-QUANTITY
-LRB-	O
roughly	O
equivalent	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
Nankang	I-LOC
district	I-LOC
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
population	O
of	O
430,000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


As	O
Leong	B-PERSON
Kam	I-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
says	O
,	O
Macau	B-GPE
"	O
still	O
has	O
the	O
feel	O
of	O
a	O
rural	O
society	O
.	O
"	O


You	O
bump	O
into	O
the	O
same	O
people	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
too	O
strict	O
about	O
factions	O
,	O
you	O
only	O
make	O
things	O
difficult	O
for	O
yourself	O
.	O


"	O
Unlike	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
people	O
,	O
Macau	B-GPE
people	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
to	O
talk	O
politics	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Leong	B-PERSON
.	O


"	O
They	O
're	O
more	O
interested	O
in	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O
"	O


Leong	B-PERSON
describes	O
himself	O
as	O
belonging	O
to	O
the	O
pragmatic	O
"	O
making	O
-	O
a	O
-	O
living	O
"	O
faction	O
.	O


Although	O
pro-Beijing	O
elements	O
prevail	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
former	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
administration	O
did	O
n't	O
seem	O
too	O
bothered	O
about	O
PRC	B-ORG
pressure	O
when	O
it	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
ties	O
with	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
perhaps	O
because	O
their	O
only	O
concern	O
was	O
for	O
people	O
's	O
livelihood	O
.	O


Visa	O
-	O
free	O
entry	O
to	O
Macau	B-GPE
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
is	O
a	O
case	O
in	O
point	O
.	O


Explains	O
Wong	B-PERSON
Hon	I-PERSON
Keong	I-PERSON
:	O
"	O
Macau	B-GPE
offers	O
visa	O
-	O
free	O
access	O
to	O
residents	O
of	O
over	O
40	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
with	O
which	O
it	O
has	O
consular	O
relations	O
,	O
but	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
only	O
place	O
for	O
which	O
it	O
provides	O
visa	O
-	O
free	O
access	O
without	O
there	O
being	O
diplomatic	O
ties	O
.	O
"	O


Moreover	O
,	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
officials	O
have	O
always	O
had	O
an	O
easier	O
time	O
going	O
in	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
fuss	O
involved	O
in	O
getting	O
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
P.K.	B-PERSON
Chiang	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
,	O
visited	O
Macau	B-GPE
shortly	O
before	O
the	O
handover	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
figures	O
such	O
as	O
mainland	O
democracy	O
activist	O
Wu'er	B-PERSON
Kaixi	I-PERSON
have	O
been	O
admitted	O
to	O
Macau	B-GPE
on	O
their	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
mainland	O
-	O
though	O
the	O
mainland	O
authorities	O
of	O
course	O
refused	O
to	O
allow	O
Wu'er	B-PERSON
to	O
cross	O
into	O
the	O
PRC	B-ORG
.	O


Taiwanese	B-NORP
businesspeople	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
form	O
another	O
group	O
that	O
is	O
usually	O
thought	O
of	O
as	O
only	O
concerned	O
about	O
"	O
making	O
a	O
living	O
.	O
"	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Chung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yung	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
General	I-ORG
Chamber	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
typical	O
example	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
arrived	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
ran	O
air	O
-	O
tours	O
by	O
light	O
aircraft	O
until	O
the	O
enclave	O
's	O
international	O
airport	O
opened	O
,	O
after	O
which	O
he	O
moved	O
into	O
the	O
liquor	O
trade	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
travels	O
to	O
the	O
mainland	O
he	O
takes	O
his	O
Macau	B-GPE
Resident	O
's	O
Permit	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
he	O
comes	O
back	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
he	O
uses	O
his	O
ROC	O
passport	O
.	O


As	O
part	O
of	O
his	O
efforts	O
to	O
attract	O
more	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
investors	O
to	O
do	O
business	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
helped	O
introduce	O
President	O
Group	O
CEO	O
Kao	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yen	I-PERSON
to	O
the	O
territory	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
build	O
better	O
ties	O
with	O
the	O
mainland	O
Chinese	B-NORP
,	O
he	O
helped	O
the	B-ORG
Xinhua	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
to	O
install	O
satellite	O
TV	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
he	O
found	O
that	O
his	O
elementary	O
-	O
school	O
-	O
age	O
grandson	O
was	O
speaking	O
Cantonese	B-LANGUAGE
all	O
day	O
he	O
quickly	O
sent	O
him	O
back	O
to	O
school	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
fearing	O
that	O
the	O
boy	O
was	O
losing	O
his	O
mother	O
tongue	O
.	O


A	O
consensus	O
among	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
living	O
and	O
working	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
is	O
that	O
"	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
use	O
ideology	O
to	O
decide	O
what	O
's	O
right	O
and	O
wrong	O
.	O
"	O


Another	O
point	O
they	O
agree	O
on	O
is	O
that	O
not	O
enough	O
was	O
done	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
to	O
develop	O
ties	O
between	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
that	O
with	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
change	O
of	O
status	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
corresponding	O
change	O
in	O
atmosphere	O
,	O
things	O
should	O
be	O
different	O
from	O
now	O
on	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Chung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yung	I-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
rents	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
are	O
about	O
25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
less	O
than	O
rents	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
while	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
connections	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
means	O
that	O
it	O
enjoys	O
tax	O
concessions	O
and	O
generous	O
trade	O
quotas	O
.	O


"	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
businesspeople	O
never	O
notice	O
these	O
benefits	O
.	O


All	O
they	O
see	O
is	O
gang	O
violence	O
and	O
assume	O
that	O
law	O
and	O
order	O
has	O
broken	O
down	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Chen	B-PERSON
.	O


His	O
own	O
account	O
of	O
the	O
situation	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
gangs	O
are	O
fighting	O
it	O
out	O
over	O
casino	O
profits	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
this	O
does	O
n't	O
affect	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
ordinary	O
people	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
encourages	O
people	O
not	O
to	O
worry	O
,	O
and	O
hopes	O
that	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
hesitate	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
.	O


Economic	O
dwarf	O
,	O
cultural	O
giant	O


But	O
there	O
are	O
also	O
those	O
who	O
think	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Chung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yung	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
attitude	O
is	O
over-optimistic	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
businessman	O
based	O
in	O
Dongguan	B-GPE
,	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
wages	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
are	O
not	O
particularly	O
low	O
and	O
there	O
's	O
very	O
little	O
spare	O
land	O
,	O
no	O
deepwater	O
harbor	O
and	O
no	O
natural	O
resources	O
,	O
which	O
explains	O
why	O
firms	O
remain	O
more	O
interested	O
in	O
investing	O
on	O
the	O
mainland	O
than	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
.	O


Wong	B-PERSON
Hon	I-PERSON
Keong	I-PERSON
gives	O
a	O
telling	O
analysis	O
:	O


"	O
What	O
Macau	B-GPE
can	O
offer	O
is	O
a	O
service	O
base	O
,	O
with	O
visa	O
-	O
free	O
access	O
,	O
convenience	O
of	O
travel	O
,	O
and	O
open	O
channels	O
of	O
information	O
.	O


With	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
for	O
R&D	O
and	O
Zhuhai	B-GPE
as	O
the	O
manufacturing	O
base	O
,	O
Macau	B-GPE
can	O
provide	O
a	O
window	O
to	O
foreign	O
trade	O
,	O
through	O
which	O
companies	O
can	O
increase	O
their	O
exports	O
to	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
.	O
"	O


Wong	B-PERSON
's	O
comments	O
pinpoint	O
the	O
intermediary	O
role	O
that	O
Macau	O
plays	O
between	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
mainland	O
.	O


As	O
Leong	B-PERSON
Kam	I-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
notes	O
:	O
"	O
Because	O
Macau	B-GPE
is	O
so	O
small	O
and	O
sits	O
rights	O
next	O
to	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
its	O
economy	O
is	O
always	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
external	O
factors	O
.	O
"	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
financial	O
crisis	O
hit	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
Macau	B-GPE
economy	O
was	O
similarly	O
affected	O
,	O
and	O
unemployment	O
reached	O
7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
contribution	O
made	O
by	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
businesses	O
to	O
Macau	B-GPE
is	O
even	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
spillover	O
from	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
firms	O
investing	O
in	O
neighboring	O
Zhuhai	B-GPE
.	O


Apart	O
from	O
economics	O
,	O
what	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
possible	O
interaction	O
can	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
Macau	B-GPE
share	O
?	O


Macau	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
a	O
contact	O
point	O
between	O
East	B-LOC
and	O
West	B-LOC
ever	O
since	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
ships	O
first	O
arrived	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
16th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
Gary	B-PERSON
Mei	I-PERSON
points	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
enclave	O
was	O
opened	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
more	O
than	O
300	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
before	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


During	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
Ming	B-DATE
and	O
Qing	B-DATE
dynasties	O
,	O
when	O
maritime	O
trade	O
was	O
officially	O
banned	O
,	O
Macau	B-GPE
was	O
the	O
shipping	O
hub	O
for	O
the	O
"	O
Silk	O
Road	O
of	O
the	O
Sea	O
,	O
"	O
which	O
extended	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
South	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
,	O
Africa	B-LOC
and	O
Europe	B-LOC
in	O
one	O
direction	O
,	O
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
and	O
South	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
in	O
the	O
other	O
.	O


Says	O
Mei	B-PERSON
:	O
"	O
This	O
is	O
where	O
the	O
Jesuits	O
established	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Western	B-NORP
-	O
type	O
university	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Far	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
while	O
Chinese	B-NORP
scholars	O
such	O
as	O
Hong	B-PERSON
Xiuquan	I-PERSON
,	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Zexu	I-PERSON
,	O
Liang	B-PERSON
Qichao	I-PERSON
,	O
Kang	B-PERSON
Youwei	I-PERSON
and	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
Guanying	I-PERSON
spent	O
time	O
here	O
absorbing	O
Western	B-NORP
learning	O
.	O
"	O


Macau	B-GPE
emerged	O
unscathed	O
from	O
WWII	B-EVENT
,	O
and	O
many	O
of	O
its	O
original	O
Portuguese	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
language	O
documents	O
have	O
been	O
preserved	O
intact	O
,	O
providing	O
an	O
invaluable	O
resource	O
for	O
research	O
into	O
cultural	O
and	O
religious	O
exchanges	O
between	O
East	B-LOC
and	O
West	B-LOC
.	O


In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
these	O
archives	O
have	O
attracted	O
particular	O
attention	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
scholars	O
,	O
notes	O
Mei	B-PERSON
,	O
driven	O
by	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
East	B-LOC
-	O
West	B-LOC
exchanges	O
and	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
maritime	O
culture	O
on	O
their	O
island	O


Furthermore	O
,	O
Macau	B-GPE
also	O
serves	O
as	O
an	O
academic	O
and	O
cultural	O
key	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
the	B-LANGUAGE
Romance	I-LANGUAGE
languages	I-LANGUAGE
.	O


As	O
Mei	B-PERSON
explains	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
plenty	O
of	O
old	O
Portuguese	B-LANGUAGE
texts	O
preserved	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
university	O
has	O
a	O
sizeable	O
contingent	O
of	O
Portuguese	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
speaking	O
professors	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
territory	O
's	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
plus	I-CARDINAL
Macanese	B-NORP
-LRB-	O
locally	O
born	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
-RRB-	O
have	O
elected	O
to	O
remain	O
after	O
the	O
handover	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
several	O
cultural	O
groups	O
dedicated	O
to	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
translating	O
Portuguese	B-LANGUAGE
literature	O
and	O
preserving	O
Portuguese	B-LANGUAGE
culture	O
.	O


"	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
who	O
wish	O
to	O
study	O
Portuguese	B-LANGUAGE
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
"	O
says	O
Mei	B-PERSON
.	O


"	O
It	O
's	O
enough	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
Macau	B-GPE
.	O
"	O


Though	O
it	O
occupies	O
a	O
tiny	O
spit	O
of	O
land	O
,	O
the	O
former	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
colony	O
is	O
home	O
to	O
12	B-CARDINAL
museums	O
of	O
art	O
and	O
history	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


"	O
As	O
economic	O
entities	O
go	O
,	O
Macau	B-GPE
is	O
tiny	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Mei	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
but	O
as	O
a	O
store	O
of	O
culture	O
it	O
's	O
huge	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
n't	O
look	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
place	O
.	O
"	O


Matsu	B-GPE
bridges	O
the	O
gap	O


Ngan	B-PERSON
In	I-PERSON
Leng	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
Fujian	B-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
explains	O
that	O
the	O
traditional	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
way	O
ties	O
between	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-LOC
Southern	I-LOC
Fujian	I-LOC
region	I-LOC
remain	O
to	O
this	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
visitors	O
to	O
Macau	B-GPE
can	O
still	O
see	O
traces	O
of	O
Fujianese	B-NORP
culture	O
at	O
locations	O
such	O
as	O
Lin	B-FAC
Fong	I-FAC
Temple	I-FAC
and	O
the	O
area	O
around	O
Barrier	B-LOC
Gate	I-LOC
.	O


And	O
indeed	O
it	O
was	O
Fujianese	B-NORP
fishermen	O
who	O
several	B-DATE
centuries	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
built	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Matsu	B-GPE
temple	O
here	O
-	O
the	B-FAC
A	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Ma	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Gau	I-FAC
from	O
which	O
Macau	B-GPE
takes	O
its	O
name	O
.	O


Ung	B-PERSON
Choi	I-PERSON
Kun	I-PERSON
,	O
deputy	O
chairman	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
Fujian	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Chamber	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
100,000	B-CARDINAL
mainlanders	O
have	O
moved	O
to	O
Macau	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
decades	I-DATE
,	O
almost	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
from	O
Fujian	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
around	O
30,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
from	O
Macau	B-GPE
travel	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
every	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
for	O
work	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
ethnic	O
Fujianese	B-NORP
taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
family	O
connections	O
to	O
the	O
island	O
.	O


"	O
When	O
you	O
talk	O
about	O
Matsu	B-GPE
and	O
about	O
hometown	O
bonds	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
hard	O
finding	O
topics	O
that	O
link	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
"	O
remarks	O
Ngan	B-PERSON
In	I-PERSON
Leng	I-PERSON
.	O


"	O
We	O
have	O
many	O
points	O
in	O
common	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
academia	O
too	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Sun	B-PERSON
Yat	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sen	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
colonial	O
experience	O
,	O
"	O
adds	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Zhiliang	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Macau	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
the	O
realm	O
of	O
politics	O
,	O
suggests	O
Wong	B-PERSON
Hon	I-PERSON
Keong	I-PERSON
,	O
Macau	B-GPE
can	O
also	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
catalyst	O
and	O
lubricant	O
for	O
relations	O
across	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
.	O
"	O


The	O
international	O
airport	O
,	O
where	O
flights	O
between	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
mainland	O
make	O
a	O
stopover	O
,	O
allows	O
for	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
plane	O
"	O
travel	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
the	O
continued	O
provision	O
after	O
the	O
handover	O
of	O
visa	O
-	O
free	O
entry	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
relative	O
ease	O
with	O
which	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
officials	O
can	O
visit	O
the	O
SAR	O
,	O
testifies	O
to	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
flexibility	O
in	O
these	O
matters	O
.	O


"	O
Macau	B-GPE
will	O
help	O
to	O
boost	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Wong	B-PERSON
Hon	I-PERSON
Keong	I-PERSON
.	O


But	O
as	O
Tan	B-PERSON
Zhiqiang	I-PERSON
points	O
out	O
,	O
nearly	O
a	O
quarter	O
of	O
the	O
residents	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
have	O
arrived	O
from	O
the	O
mainland	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Unlike	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
colonial	O
administration	O
always	O
tried	O
to	O
minimize	O
conflict	O
with	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
promoting	O
compromise	O
and	O
dialogue	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
there	O
was	O
little	O
"	O
anti-China	O
"	O
sentiment	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
handover	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
pro-democracy	O
mood	O
that	O
swept	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
in	O
1997	B-DATE
.	O


"	O
When	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
are	O
confronted	O
with	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
'	O
pro-Beijing	O
'	O
slant	O
,	O
they	O
should	O
try	O
and	O
be	O
more	O
understanding	O
.	O
"	O
says	O
Tan	B-PERSON
.	O


Breaking	O
down	O
fences	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
are	O
n't	O
necessarily	O
as	O
ecstatic	O
about	O
the	O
handover	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
made	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
more	O
than	O
400	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
rule	O
the	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
have	O
left	O
behind	O
more	O
than	O
just	O
European	O
-	O
style	O
buildings	O
,	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
food	O
,	O
and	O
churches	O
.	O


Macau	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
set	O
up	O
a	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Handover	I-WORK_OF_ART
Workshop	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
proved	O
highly	O
popular	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
books	O
have	O
been	O
brought	O
out	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
and	O
by	O
private	O
publishers	O
,	O
exploring	O
the	O
enclave	O
's	O
history	O
and	O
identity	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
"	O
identity	O
"	O
is	O
precisely	O
what	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
have	O
been	O
looking	O
for	O
.	O


The	O
presence	O
of	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
what	O
bonds	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
yet	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
what	O
keeps	O
them	O
apart	O
.	O


The	O
spectacular	O
handover	O
ceremony	O
,	O
which	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
global	O
spotlight	O
,	O
is	O
already	O
over	O
and	O
done	O
with	O
.	O


Strolling	O
through	O
downtown	O
Macau	B-GPE
one	O
notices	O
prominent	O
signs	O
advertising	O
popular	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
snack	O
-	O
stops	O
,	O
like	O
Dingtaifeng	B-ORG
Dumpling	I-ORG
Restaurant	I-ORG
and	O
Quickly	B-ORG
Iced	I-ORG
Drinks	I-ORG
.	O


Business	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
thriving	O
at	O
Margaret	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
egg	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
tart	I-ORG
bakery	I-ORG
,	O
whose	O
brand	O
name	O
is	O
known	O
throughout	O
the	O
region	O
and	O
probably	O
defines	O
"	O
Macau	B-GPE
"	O
for	O
many	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


For	O
businesspeople	O
,	O
there	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
little	O
evidence	O
of	O
obstacles	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
better	O
Taiwan	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Macau	I-NORP
relations	O
.	O


The	O
excitement	O
surrounding	O
the	O
handover	O
has	O
died	O
down	O
,	O
and	O
life	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
goes	O
on	O
much	O
as	O
before	O
.	O


The	O
artificial	O
boundaries	O
and	O
obstacles	O
that	O
people	O
set	O
up	O
between	O
each	O
other	O
must	O
ultimately	O
be	O
removed	O
by	O
people	O
themselves	O
.	O


My	O
Heart	O
is	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
:	O


"	O
Local	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
"	O
Carlos	B-PERSON
Marreiros	I-PERSON


-LRB-	O
Jackie	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Brent	B-PERSON
Heinrich	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Around	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
Macau	B-GPE
handover	O
,	O
questions	O
that	O
were	O
hot	O
in	O
the	O
Western	O
media	O
were	O
,	O
What	O
is	O
"	O
Macaense	B-NORP
"	O
?	O


And	O
what	O
is	O
native	O
Macau	B-GPE
culture	O
?	O


This	O
is	O
Carlos	B-PERSON
Marreiros	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
story	O
.	O


The	O
story	O
began	O
during	O
the	O
era	O
of	O
great	O
sailing	O
ships	O
.	O


Four	B-DATE
hundred	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
trading	O
vessel	O
dropped	O
anchor	O
off	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
intent	O
on	O
doing	O
business	O
with	O
imperial	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


That	O
one	O
brief	O
rest	O
stop	O
destined	O
Macau	B-GPE
to	O
become	O
a	O
cultural	O
montage	O
that	O
includes	O
Chinese	B-NORP
,	O
Indian	B-NORP
,	O
Malay	B-NORP
,	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
and	O
other	O
European	B-NORP
influences	O
.	O


Today	B-TIME
,	O
Macaense	B-NORP
-LRB-	O
or	O
Macanese	B-NORP
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
free	O
mix	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
ethnic	O
currents	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
has	O
become	O
the	O
most	O
vibrant	O
element	O
of	O
its	O
culture	O
.	O


"	O
Without	O
it	O
,	O
Macau	B-GPE
would	O
n't	O
exist	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Carlos	B-PERSON
Marreiros	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
once	B-ORDINAL
served	O
as	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Macau	I-ORG
government	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
bureau	O
of	O
culture	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
works	O
as	O
an	O
architect	O
,	O
painter	O
,	O
author	O
and	O
poet	O
.	O


Ethnic	O
melting	O
pot	O


Marreiros	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
typical	O
Macanese	B-NORP
.	O


His	O
grandfather	O
was	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
,	O
his	O
grandmother	O
Chinese	B-NORP
.	O


His	O
mother	O
has	O
a	O
mix	O
of	O
Spanish	B-NORP
and	O
Malay	B-NORP
blood	O
.	O


In	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
's	O
what	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
local	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
.	O
"	O


Marreiros	B-PERSON
was	O
born	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
"	O
most	O
of	O
my	O
education	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
"	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


He	O
attended	O
university	O
in	O
Lisbon	B-GPE
,	O
received	O
his	O
master	O
's	O
degree	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
study	O
landscaping	O
in	O
Sweden	B-GPE
.	O


His	O
principal	O
impressions	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
come	O
from	O
his	O
family	O
and	O
his	O
contacts	O
with	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
was	O
young	O
,	O
Marreiros	B-PERSON
worked	O
in	O
a	O
Macau	B-GPE
post	O
office	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
coworkers	O
was	O
a	O
Chinese	B-NORP
of	O
the	O
older	O
generation	O
,	O
who	O
often	O
chatted	O
with	O
him	O
about	O
Tang	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
dynasty	I-DATE
poetry	O
,	O
and	O
Chinese	B-NORP
proverbs	O
and	O
myths	O
.	O


For	O
a	O
while	O
Marreiros	B-PERSON
taught	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
how	O
to	O
speak	O
Portuguese	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


"	O
I	O
learned	O
quite	O
a	O
lot	O
about	O
the	O
way	O
many	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
think	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Carlos	B-PERSON
Marreiros	I-PERSON
speaks	O
fluent	O
Portuguese	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
Cantonese	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
and	O
German	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


He	O
has	O
done	O
research	O
on	O
traditional	O
Chinese	B-NORP
poetry	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
included	O
some	O
in	O
his	O
Portuguese	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
language	O
writings	O
.	O


He	O
personally	O
manifests	O
a	O
blend	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
Western	B-NORP
influences	O
.	O


Marreiros	O
emphasizes	O
that	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
influences	O
,	O
Macau	B-GPE
also	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
unique	O
blend	O
of	O
culture	O
-	O
Macaense	B-NORP
,	O
which	O
is	O
exhibited	O
in	O
"	O
local	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
"	O
of	O
mixed	O
ancestry	O
such	O
as	O
himself	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
world	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
mixed-race	O
culture	O
appeared	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
"	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Now	O
with	O
the	O
convenience	O
of	O
travel	O
and	O
transportation	O
,	O
the	O
intermingling	O
of	O
black	O
,	O
white	O
and	O
yellow	O
peoples	O
is	O
nothing	O
new	O
,	O
but	O
400	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
intertwined	O
cultures	O
from	O
as	O
far	O
afield	O
as	O
India	B-GPE
,	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Their	O
influences	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
everywhere	O
in	O
the	O
cuisine	O
,	O
architecture	O
and	O
literature	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
.	O


Intellectual	O
assets	O


In	O
the	O
enclave	O
's	O
restaurants	O
,	O
such	O
classic	O
Macanese	B-NORP
dishes	O
as	O
curry	O
and	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
chicken	O
are	O
served	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
seasonings	O
,	O
blending	O
the	O
sweet	O
flavors	O
of	O
Cantonese	B-NORP
dishes	O
with	O
the	O
rich	O
,	O
tangy	O
taste	O
of	O
old-style	O
Indian	B-NORP
fare	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
example	O
is	O
Macanese	B-NORP
baoguo	O
,	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
sausage	O
,	O
cabbage	O
and	O
tripe	O
-	O
not	O
precisely	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
,	O
nor	O
Cantonese	B-NORP
either	O
.	O


The	O
exteriors	O
of	O
traditional	O
Macau	B-GPE
buildings	O
are	O
noticeably	O
southern	B-NORP
European	I-NORP
in	O
style	O
.	O


But	O
Marreiros	B-PERSON
,	O
an	O
architect	O
,	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
while	O
the	O
outsides	O
of	O
many	O
houses	O
are	O
European	B-NORP
,	O
the	O
arrangement	O
of	O
rooms	O
and	O
furniture	O
inside	O
is	O
often	O
done	O
in	O
a	O
Chinese	B-NORP
manner	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
important	O
space	O
is	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
father	O
and	O
the	O
eldest	O
son	O
.	O


The	O
remaining	O
side	O
rooms	O
are	O
for	O
the	O
ladies	O
of	O
the	O
house	O
and	O
others	O
-	O
quite	O
different	O
from	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
architecture	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
details	O
of	O
ornamentation	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
engravings	O
,	O
glasswork	O
and	O
wood	O
carvings	O
,	O
are	O
actually	O
rendered	O
in	O
Qing	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
dynasty	I-DATE
fashion	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
representative	O
example	O
is	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
oldest	O
church	O
,	O
Sao	B-FAC
Paolo	I-FAC
-LRB-	O
the	O
ruins	O
of	O
St.	B-FAC
Paul	I-FAC
's	I-FAC
-RRB-	O
.	O


Its	O
surviving	O
stone	O
facade	O
is	O
embellished	O
with	O
stone	O
carvings	O
not	O
only	O
of	O
such	O
Catholic	B-NORP
images	O
as	O
angels	O
and	O
the	B-PERSON
Virgin	I-PERSON
Mary	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
also	O
of	O
dragon	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
phoenix	O
motifs	O
and	O
fishing	O
boats	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Catholic	B-NORP
phrases	O
written	O
in	O
Chinese	B-LANGUAGE
characters	O
.	O


Marreiros	B-PERSON
believes	O
that	O
the	O
hybrid	O
culture	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
is	O
its	O
greatest	O
asset	O
.	O


"	O
Macau	B-GPE
is	O
so	O
small	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
no	O
land	O
for	O
industry	O
or	O
agriculture	O
.	O


All	O
it	O
has	O
to	O
rely	O
on	O
is	O
intellect	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Three	B-DATE
hundred	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
missionaries	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
built	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
university	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Far	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
the	B-ORG
Jesuit	I-ORG
College	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
St.	I-ORG
Paul	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
.	O


Since	O
the	O
1980s	B-DATE
,	O
Macau	B-GPE
has	O
established	O
six	B-CARDINAL
institutes	O
of	O
higher	O
learning	O
.	O


"	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
population	O
is	O
young	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
average	O
educational	O
level	O
is	O
quite	O
high	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
notes	O
.	O


Four	B-DATE
hundred	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
cultural	O
intercourse	O
between	O
Occident	B-LOC
and	O
Orient	B-LOC
has	O
left	O
behind	O
enormous	O
assets	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
enclave	O
's	O
people	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
bridge	O
of	O
exchange	O
between	O
East	B-LOC
and	O
West	B-LOC
.	O


Now	O
that	O
Macau	B-GPE
's	O
sovereignty	O
has	O
switched	O
hands	O
,	O
Marreiros	B-PERSON
has	O
chosen	O
not	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
his	O
motherland	O
of	O
Portugal	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
to	O
remain	O
behind	O
.	O


"	O
Macau	B-GPE
is	O
my	O
home	O
.	O


My	O
heart	O
is	O
in	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
"	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Marreiros	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
person	O
of	O
Macau	B-GPE
,	O
part	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
and	O
part	O
Chinese	B-NORP
.	O


A	O
diversity	O
of	O
cultures	O
will	O
only	O
enrich	O
a	O
person	O
,	O
not	O
create	O
a	O
crisis	O
of	O
identity	O
.	O


For	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
people	O
,	O
who	O
have	O
questions	O
about	O
their	O
own	O
identity	O
and	O
often	O
ask	O
themselves	O
who	O
they	O
are	O
,	O
what	O
thoughts	O
does	O
Carlos	B-PERSON
Marreiros	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
story	O
bring	O
to	O
mind	O
?	O


p.	O
27	O
-LRB-	O
facing	O
page	O
-RRB-	O


Carlos	B-PERSON
Marreiros	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
good	O
representative	O
of	O
Macaemse	B-NORP
culture	O
.	O


His	O
wife	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
"	O
local	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
"	O
of	O
mixed	O
ancestry	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Carlos	B-PERSON
Marreiros	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


A	O
Second	B-ORDINAL
Spring	B-DATE
for	O
Textiles	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
?	O


-LRB-	O
Laura	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Pu	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Taylor	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Early	O
in	O
December	B-DATE
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Textile	I-ORG
In	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
stitute	I-ORG
,	O
located	O
at	O
Tucheng	B-GPE
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
celebrated	O
its	O
40th	B-DATE
anniversary	I-DATE
with	O
a	O
dynamic	O
multimedia	O
show	O
.	O


The	O
CTI	B-ORG
's	O
40	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
history	O
has	O
borne	O
witness	O
to	O
the	O
rise	O
and	O
decline	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
textile	O
industry	O
.	O


Forty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
was	O
just	O
crossing	O
the	O
threshold	O
of	O
industrialization	O
.	O


The	O
textile	O
industry	O
was	O
the	O
darling	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
,	O
just	O
like	O
the	O
electronics	O
industry	O
today	B-TIME
.	O


Although	O
it	O
has	O
lost	O
its	O
former	O
kudos	O
,	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
is	O
still	O
an	O
indispensable	O
part	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
industrial	O
landscape	O
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
CTI	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
working	O
hand	O
in	O
hand	O
with	O
the	O
industry	O
,	O
quietly	O
sowing	O
the	O
seeds	O
of	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
in	O
many	O
places	O
.	O


Can	O
those	O
seeds	O
germinate	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
spring	B-DATE
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
textile	O
industry	O
?	O


As	O
the	O
latest	O
bout	O
of	O
winter	B-DATE
weather	O
hits	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
up	O
Mt.	B-LOC
Hehuan	I-LOC
to	O
see	O
the	O
snow	O
?	O


You	O
could	O
put	O
on	O
a	O
jacket	O
containing	O
highly	O
insulating	O
melt	O
-	O
spun	O
ceramic	O
fibers	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
wind	O
sends	O
a	O
fine	O
driving	O
rain	O
slanting	O
across	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
are	O
you	O
still	O
unwilling	O
to	O
forgo	O
the	O
pleasure	O
of	O
sea	O
angling	O
?	O


Why	O
not	O
wear	O
some	O
micropore	O
breathable	O
rainwear	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
outer	O
layer	O
which	O
is	O
completely	O
waterproof	O
,	O
but	O
an	O
inner	O
layer	O
which	O
is	O
dry	O
and	O
comfortable	O
on	O
the	O
skin	O
?	O


Tencel	O
,	O
made	O
from	O
wood	O
cellulose	O
,	O
has	O
given	O
the	O
lie	O
to	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
man	O
-	O
made	O
fibers	O
never	O
degrade	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
set	O
to	O
become	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
fibers	O
of	O
the	O
coming	O
environmental	O
century	B-DATE
;	O
and	O
the	O
shrimp	O
and	O
crab	O
shells	O
which	O
were	O
once	B-ORDINAL
tossed	O
away	O
are	O
now	O
being	O
processed	O
to	O
extract	O
chitin	O
,	O
which	O
when	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
clothing	O
can	O
inhibit	O
bacteria	O
and	O
mold	O
and	O
prevent	O
unwanted	O
odors	O
,	O
and	O
which	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
dressing	O
for	O
burns	O
which	O
both	O
reduces	O
inflammation	O
and	O
encourages	O
new	O
tissue	O
growth	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
.	O


What	O
sunset	O
industry	O
?	O


Ceramic	O
fibers	O
,	O
stainless	O
steel	O
,	O
shrimp	O
shells	O
-	O
at	O
first	O
glance	O
there	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
no	O
connection	O
with	O
spinning	O
and	O
weaving	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
fact	O
these	O
are	O
among	O
the	O
latest	O
products	O
and	O
trends	O
quietly	O
taking	O
shape	O
in	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
new	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
electronics	O
,	O
aerospace	O
and	O
biotechnology	O
,	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
application	O
for	O
textile	O
products	O
have	O
expanded	O
ever	O
wider	O
,	O
from	O
being	O
simply	O
coverings	O
for	O
the	O
human	O
body	O
to	O
finding	O
their	O
way	O
up	O
into	O
space	O
and	O
down	O
into	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


"	O
There	O
are	O
only	O
sunset	O
products	O
,	O
not	O
sunset	O
industries	O
.	O
"	O


These	O
words	O
from	O
competitiveness	O
guru	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Porter	I-PERSON
hit	O
the	O
nail	O
on	O
the	O
head	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
textile	O
industry	O
's	O
current	O
efforts	O
to	O
transform	O
itself	O
into	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
,	O
capital	O
-	O
and	O
information	O
-	O
intensive	O
sector	O
.	O


"	O
Twenty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
polyester	O
uniforms	O
worn	O
by	O
schoolchildren	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
turned	O
dreadfully	O
stiff	O
when	O
you	O
tried	O
to	O
wash	O
them	O
;	O
cotton	O
clothes	O
shrank	O
;	O
nylon	O
made	O
your	O
skin	O
red	O
and	O
itchy	O
;	O
stockings	O
would	O
ladder	O
if	O
you	O
so	O
much	O
as	O
looked	O
at	O
them	O
;	O
and	O
decent	O
clothes	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
expensively	O
dry	O
cleaned	O
,	O
"	O
recalls	O
CTI	O
president	O
Yao	B-PERSON
Hsing	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chuan	I-PERSON
.	O


If	O
clothes	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
today	B-TIME
are	O
getting	O
ever	O
lighter	O
,	O
softer	O
,	O
warmer	O
,	O
more	O
wrinkle	O
-	O
free	O
and	O
easier	O
to	O
keep	O
clean	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
their	O
colors	O
are	O
bright	O
,	O
fresh	O
and	O
stain	O
-	O
resistant	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
thanks	O
to	O
the	O
magic	O
wand	O
wielded	O
by	O
Cinderella	B-PERSON
's	O
fairy	O
godmother	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
unceasing	O
efforts	O
towards	O
research	O
,	O
development	O
and	O
upgrading	O
put	O
in	O
by	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
over	O
the	O
years	B-DATE
.	O


"	O
Upgrading	O
"	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
word	O
on	O
the	O
lips	O
of	O
everyone	O
in	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
the	O
adverse	O
environment	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
industry	O
has	O
had	O
to	O
operate	O
has	O
made	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
that	O
upgrading	O
halting	O
and	O
hesitant	O
.	O


"	O
In	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
,	O
making	O
ready	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
wear	O
garments	O
for	O
export	O
was	O
pretty	O
much	O
a	O
sure	O
-	O
fire	O
money	O
-	O
spinner	O
.	O


Everything	O
sold	O
like	O
hot	O
cakes	O
,	O
just	O
like	O
electronics	O
today	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Yao	B-PERSON
Hsing	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chuan	I-PERSON
.	O


But	O
around	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
under	O
strong	O
US	B-GPE
pressure	O
,	O
the	B-DATE
NT	I-DATE
dollar	I-DATE
appreciated	O
,	O
and	O
exporters	O
lost	O
their	O
competitive	O
price	O
advantage	O
.	O


Next	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
rises	O
in	O
land	O
and	O
labor	O
costs	O
.	O


Garment	O
making	O
is	O
labor	O
-	O
intensive	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
internal	O
and	O
external	O
pressures	O
led	O
to	O
wholesale	O
factory	O
closures	O
.	O


Many	O
firms	O
moved	O
production	O
to	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
or	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
,	O
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
remaining	O
domestic	O
textile	O
industry	O
was	O
dramatically	O
reshuffled	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
departure	O
of	O
the	O
ready	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
wear	O
industry	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
lost	O
its	O
"	O
garment	O
kingdom	O
"	O
status	O
.	O


But	O
looking	O
from	O
another	O
perspective	O
,	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
manufacturers	O
who	O
spread	O
all	O
over	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
,	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
were	O
still	O
very	O
much	O
a	O
force	O
to	O
be	O
reckoned	O
with	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
their	O
new	O
locations	O
they	O
continued	O
to	O
source	O
raw	O
materials	O
and	O
semi-finished	O
goods	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


With	O
their	O
support	O
,	O
the	O
upstream	O
portions	O
of	O
the	O
industry	O
-	O
fiber	O
making	O
,	O
yarn	O
spinning	O
,	O
weaving	O
,	O
dyeing	O
,	O
finishing	O
and	O
garment	O
design	O
-	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
stay	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
prosper	O
.	O


In	O
September	B-DATE
1998	I-DATE
,	O
while	O
the	O
industry	O
was	O
still	O
reeling	O
from	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
financial	O
crisis	O
,	O
construction	O
began	O
of	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
planned	O
specialist	O
industrial	O
parks	O
in	O
Yunlin	B-GPE
and	O
Changhua	B-GPE
Counties	O
.	O


These	O
were	O
the	O
peak	O
of	O
the	O
large	O
investments	O
made	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
textile	O
industry	O
over	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O


But	O
overcapacity	O
and	O
shrinking	O
demand	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
crisis	O
had	O
hit	O
the	O
industry	O
hard	O
.	O


By	O
mid-1999	B-DATE
things	O
were	O
looking	O
up	O
again	O
,	O
but	O
then	O
massive	O
power	O
failures	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
21	I-EVENT
September	I-EVENT
earthquake	I-EVENT
wiped	O
out	O
nearly	O
NT$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
worth	O
of	O
textile	O
orders	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
biggest	O
currency	O
earner	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
its	O
solid	O
foundations	O
built	O
up	O
over	O
40	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
pillar	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
.	O


In	O
1999	B-DATE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
textile	O
exports	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
worth	O
US$	B-MONEY
14.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
or	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
island	O
's	O
total	O
exports	O
,	O
behind	O
only	O
electronics	O
-LRB-	O
17.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-RRB-	O
and	O
IT	O
/	O
telecom	O
products	O
-LRB-	O
12.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-RRB-	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
after	O
deducting	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
imported	O
raw	O
materials	O
etc.	O
,	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
is	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
biggest	O
foreign	O
currency	O
earner	O
,	O
bringing	O
in	O
over	O
US$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
each	O
year	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
polyester	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
man	O
-	O
made	O
fiber	O
,	O
and	O
little	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
produces	O
no	O
less	O
than	O
17	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
worldwide	O
supply	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
the	O
largest	O
supplier	O
.	O


The	O
island	O
's	O
total	O
production	O
of	O
man	O
-	O
made	O
fibers	O
ranks	O
third	O
globally	O
,	O
behind	O
the	O
USA	B-GPE
and	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
largest	O
category	O
among	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
textile	O
exports	O
is	O
finished	O
cloth	O
,	O
which	O
accounts	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
textile	O
exports	O
by	O
value	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
textile	O
industry	O
has	O
deep	O
roots	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
processes	O
to	O
be	O
gone	O
through	O
from	O
the	O
fiber	O
to	O
the	O
finished	O
garment	O
.	O


Thus	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
key	O
technologies	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
developed	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
industry	O
can	O
sustain	O
a	O
large	O
workforce	O
.	O
"	O


CTI	B-ORG
acting	O
vice-president	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fu	I-PERSON
observes	O
that	O
the	O
advanced	O
countries	O
still	O
devote	O
substantial	O
efforts	O
to	O
developing	O
textile	O
technologies	O
,	O
and	O
naturally	O
this	O
is	O
something	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
should	O
not	O
lightly	O
give	O
up	O
.	O


We	O
ca	O
n't	O
give	O
it	O
up	O
,	O
but	O
neither	O
can	O
we	O
rest	O
on	O
our	O
laurels	O
.	O


With	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
and	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
catching	O
up	O
fast	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
textile	O
industry	O
will	O
only	O
have	O
a	O
future	O
if	O
it	O
can	O
quickly	O
transform	O
itself	O
and	O
develop	O
towards	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
products	O
.	O


The	O
CTI	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
began	O
a	O
timely	O
change	O
in	O
its	O
role	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
a	O
specialist	O
R&D	O
center	O
working	O
in	O
partnership	O
with	O
firms	O
,	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
leading	O
R&D	O
center	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
several	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
textile	O
industry	O
companies	O
.	O


The	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
"	O
nylon	O
66	B-CARDINAL
"	O
fibers	O
is	O
a	O
case	O
in	O
point	O
.	O


Grace	B-PERSON
Kuo	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
vice-president	O
at	O
Ta	B-ORG
Ching	I-ORG
Hwa	I-ORG
Enterprise	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


-LRB-	O
TCH	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
as	O
yet	O
the	O
only	O
company	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
manufacture	O
nylon	O
66	O
filament	O
,	O
recounts	O
that	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
her	O
husband	O
and	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
friends	O
who	O
had	O
worked	O
many	O
years	B-DATE
at	O
Formosa	B-ORG
Chemicals	I-ORG
and	O
Fiber	B-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
wanted	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
in	O
business	O
for	O
themselves	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
a	O
huge	O
amount	O
of	O
nylon	O
66	B-CARDINAL
fiber	O
-	O
600	B-CARDINAL
tonnes	O
per	O
month	O
-	O
was	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
local	O
textile	O
industry	O
in	O
the	O
manufacture	O
of	O
specialty	O
apparel	O
such	O
as	O
women	O
's	O
tights	O
,	O
swimwear	O
and	O
underwear	O
.	O


But	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
had	O
no	O
manufacturing	O
capability	O
in	O
the	O
fiber	O
,	O
and	O
relied	O
entirely	O
on	O
imports	O
.	O


This	O
aroused	O
their	O
interest	O
in	O
entering	O
the	O
field	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
and	O
Goliath	B-PERSON


Grace	B-PERSON
Kuo	I-PERSON
comments	O
that	O
nylon	O
66	B-CARDINAL
was	O
a	O
new	O
fiber	O
with	O
good	O
elasticity	O
,	O
high	O
strength	O
and	O
a	O
soft	O
,	O
bulky	O
feel	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
good	O
resistance	O
to	O
ultraviolet	O
light	O
.	O


Adding	O
just	O
15	B-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
20	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
nylon	O
66	B-CARDINAL
to	O
a	O
fabric	O
transforms	O
it	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
thoroughly	O
suited	O
to	O
modern	O
-	O
day	O
demands	O
for	O
"	O
healthy	O
,	O
comfortable	O
"	O
clothing	O
.	O


The	O
big	O
international	O
manufacturers	O
had	O
realized	O
this	O
and	O
adopted	O
an	O
oligarchic	O
strategy	O
:	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
making	O
it	O
difficult	O
for	O
others	O
to	O
obtain	O
the	O
raw	O
materials	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
very	O
careful	O
not	O
to	O
reveal	O
any	O
of	O
their	O
manufacturing	O
know	O
-	O
how	O
.	O


But	O
thanks	O
to	O
the	O
expertise	O
the	O
TCH	B-ORG
team	O
had	O
built	O
up	O
over	O
many	O
years	O
in	O
the	O
textile	O
fibers	O
field	O
,	O
within	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
company	O
was	O
set	O
up	O
they	O
succeeded	O
in	O
drawing	O
filaments	O
from	O
nylon	O
66	B-CARDINAL
granules	O
.	O


"	O
As	O
soon	O
as	O
we	O
did	O
that	O
,	O
Dupont	B-ORG
cut	O
their	O
prices	O
,	O
hoping	O
to	O
squeeze	O
us	O
right	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Grace	B-PERSON
Kuo	I-PERSON
with	O
a	O
smile	O
.	O


But	O
after	O
going	O
head	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
head	O
with	O
TCH	B-ORG
for	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Dupont	B-ORG
realized	O
how	O
resilient	O
the	O
company	O
was	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
then	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
firms	O
have	O
begun	O
to	O
cooperate	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
TCH	B-ORG
is	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
fifth	O
-	O
largest	O
manufacturer	O
of	O
nylon	O
66	B-CARDINAL
filament	O
,	O
supplying	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
global	O
market	O
.	O


It	O
stands	O
as	O
another	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
company	O
successfully	O
taking	O
on	O
the	O
big	O
boys	O
in	O
international	O
markets	O
.	O


The	O
original	O
use	O
of	O
nylon	O
66	B-CARDINAL
was	O
in	O
tights	O
and	O
swimwear	O
,	O
but	O
these	O
are	O
far	O
from	O
being	O
the	O
only	O
applications	O
for	O
such	O
a	O
superior	O
new	O
fiber	O
.	O


But	O
because	O
the	O
filaments	O
are	O
so	O
thin	O
-LRB-	O
only	O
half	O
the	O
thickness	O
of	O
a	O
human	O
hair	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
easily	O
break	O
at	O
the	O
yarn	O
spinning	O
stage	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
dyeing	O
stage	O
the	O
yarn	O
absorbs	O
only	O
the	O
smallest	O
dye	O
molecules	O
.	O


Hence	O
firms	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
are	O
still	O
feeling	O
their	O
way	O
forward	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
use	O
this	O
fiber	O
.	O


For	O
this	O
reason	O
,	O
TCH	B-ORG
approached	O
the	O
CTI	B-ORG
to	O
conduct	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
cooperative	O
development	O
projects	O
.	O


To	O
date	O
they	O
have	O
successfully	O
developed	O
various	O
new	O
yarns	O
blended	O
from	O
nylon	O
66	B-CARDINAL
and	O
other	O
fibers	O
such	O
as	O
acrylic	O
or	O
polyester	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
staged	O
numerous	O
seminars	O
and	O
visited	O
many	O
firms	O
to	O
teach	O
users	O
how	O
to	O
weave	O
and	O
dye	O
the	O
new	O
fabrics	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
design	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


Why	O
go	O
to	O
such	O
lengths	O
to	O
popularize	O
new	O
fibers	O
?	O


Grace	B-PERSON
Kuo	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
today	B-TIME
needs	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
lead	O
from	O
the	O
electronics	O
industry	O
,	O
and	O
constantly	O
strive	O
for	O
innovation	O
:	O
"	O
What	O
consumer	O
today	O
does	O
n't	O
already	O
have	O
a	O
wardrobe	O
full	O
of	O
clothes	O
?	O


If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
persuade	O
her	O
to	O
spend	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
keep	O
putting	O
out	O
products	O
which	O
look	O
novel	O
at	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
glance	O
and	O
feel	O
great	O
at	O
the	O
first	O
touch	O
.	O


Only	O
then	O
can	O
you	O
create	O
demand	O
and	O
stimulate	O
consumption	O
,	O
"	O
she	O
avers	O
.	O


Behind	O
the	O
quest	O
for	O
innovation	O
and	O
change	O
,	O
there	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
R&D	O
work	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
keen	O
nose	O
for	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


But	O
95	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
textile	O
firms	O
are	O
small	O
or	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
enterprises	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
facilities	O
or	O
staff	O
to	O
carry	O
on	O
R&D	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
lack	O
the	O
perspective	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
broad	O
view	O
of	O
worldwide	O
trends	O
.	O


Hence	O
in	O
the	O
upgrading	O
process	O
,	O
organizations	O
like	O
the	O
CTI	B-ORG
will	O
play	O
an	O
increasingly	O
important	O
role	O
.	O


Flexibility	O
v.	O
perfectionism	O


However	O
,	O
G	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Fun	I-ORG
Industrial	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
general	O
manager	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
worked	O
at	O
the	O
CTI	B-ORG
for	O
many	O
years	O
before	O
setting	O
up	O
in	O
business	O
for	O
himself	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
1998	I-DATE
,	O
has	O
had	O
a	O
different	O
experience	O
.	O


While	O
at	O
the	O
CTI	B-ORG
,	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
headed	O
a	O
project	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
technology	O
for	O
making	O
breathable	O
waterproof	O
fabrics	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
few	O
manufacturers	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
were	O
both	O
interested	O
in	O
the	O
technology	O
and	O
competent	O
to	O
apply	O
it	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
when	O
his	O
team	O
had	O
developed	O
the	O
process	O
,	O
many	O
firms	O
expressed	O
an	O
interest	O
.	O


But	O
once	O
they	O
had	O
acquired	O
the	O
technology	O
,	O
many	O
lost	O
money	O
or	O
even	O
went	O
out	O
of	O
business	O
-	O
the	O
results	O
were	O
far	O
from	O
ideal	O
.	O


"	O
At	O
that	O
time	O
I	O
felt	O
very	O
frustrated	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
clearly	O
a	O
good	O
process	O
,	O
but	O
after	O
buying	O
the	O
technology	O
for	O
a	O
nominal	O
sum	O
,	O
many	O
companies	O
did	O
n't	O
value	O
it	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
.	O


On	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
hand	O
,	O
the	O
market	O
for	O
breathable	O
waterproof	O
fabrics	O
was	O
not	O
yet	O
mature	O
,	O
and	O
too	O
many	O
companies	O
entering	O
all	O
at	O
once	B-ORDINAL
knocked	O
the	O
bottom	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
;	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
,	O
manufacturers	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
still	O
lack	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
dedicating	O
production	O
equipment	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
product	O
.	O


For	O
fear	O
of	O
putting	O
all	O
their	O
eggs	O
in	O
one	O
basket	O
,	O
many	O
firms	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
habit	O
of	O
producing	O
whatever	O
they	O
can	O
get	O
orders	O
for	O
:	O
today	B-TIME
it	O
may	O
be	O
waterproof	O
fabric	O
,	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
cloth	O
for	O
tarpaulins	O
,	O
and	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
purses	O
.	O


Their	O
product	O
mix	O
is	O
very	O
varied	O
,	O
with	O
frequent	O
switching	O
.	O


This	O
makes	O
quality	O
control	O
difficult	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
when	O
firms	O
are	O
faced	O
with	O
a	O
technically	O
demanding	O
product	O
,	O
defects	O
may	O
easily	O
arise	O
.	O


Worse	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
often	O
unable	O
even	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
cause	O
.	O


"	O
'	O
Flexibility	O
'	O
helps	O
SMEs	O
survive	O
in	O
difficult	O
times	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
conducive	O
to	O
the	O
perfectionist	O
attitudes	O
needed	O
when	O
upgrading	O
.	O
"	O


Tsai	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
urges	O
companies	O
to	O
"	O
know	O
when	O
to	O
give	O
things	O
up	O
,	O
"	O
has	O
now	O
been	O
in	O
business	O
for	O
himself	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
his	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
firm	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
which	O
specializes	O
in	O
applying	O
breathable	O
waterproof	O
coatings	O
to	O
fabrics	O
.	O


With	O
more	O
orders	O
than	O
he	O
can	O
handle	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
now	O
preparing	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
new	O
factory	O
at	O
Touliu	B-GPE
in	O
Yunlin	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
.	O


G	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Fun	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
micropore	O
breathable	O
coating	O
is	O
a	O
compound	O
containing	O
special	O
water	O
-	O
soluble	O
granules	O
which	O
create	O
tiny	O
pores	O
in	O
the	O
fabric	O
surface	O
.	O


Sweat	O
can	O
evaporate	O
through	O
these	O
pores	O
without	O
being	O
absorbed	O
by	O
the	O
fabric	O
,	O
improving	O
comfort	O
compared	O
with	O
traditional	O
hydrophilic	O
fabrics	O
which	O
when	O
worn	O
in	O
the	O
rain	O
start	O
sticking	O
to	O
the	O
body	O
after	O
a	O
time	O
.	O


G	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Fun	I-ORG
is	O
also	O
co-operating	O
with	O
the	O
CTI	B-ORG
to	O
develop	O
waterproof	O
fabrics	O
with	O
both	O
micropore	O
and	O
hydrophilic	O
characteristics	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
orders	O
come	O
from	O
Europe	B-LOC
and	O
the	O
USA	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
are	O
made	O
into	O
upmarket	O
leisurewear	O
such	O
as	O
climbing	O
or	O
golf	O
apparel	O
which	O
sells	O
for	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
NT$	O
8,000	B-MONEY
per	O
garment	O
.	O


Like	O
TCH	B-ORG
,	O
G	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Fun	I-ORG
also	O
hopes	O
its	O
products	O
can	O
help	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
textile	O
industry	O
upgrade	O
.	O


"	O
The	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
will	O
be	O
an	O
age	O
of	O
leisure	O
,	O
and	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
sport	O
and	O
leisurewear	O
fabrics	O
have	O
long	O
held	O
first	O
place	O
worldwide	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
can	O
all	O
be	O
given	O
better	O
breathability	O
and	O
water	O
resistance	O
,	O
this	O
will	O
greatly	O
increase	O
their	O
added	O
value	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
.	O


Fabrics	O
treated	O
by	O
G	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Fun	I-ORG
are	O
currently	O
a	B-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
cheaper	O
than	O
the	O
same	O
grades	O
of	O
fabric	O
from	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
hopes	O
he	O
can	O
attract	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
firms	O
to	O
make	O
greater	O
use	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


A	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
view	O


Another	O
type	O
of	O
new	O
fabric	O
which	O
is	O
in	O
great	O
demand	O
is	O
wicking	O
fabric	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
fibers	O
with	O
a	O
special	O
cross-section	O
.	O


The	O
leading	O
volume	O
producer	O
of	O
wicking	O
fibers	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
Chung	B-ORG
Shing	I-ORG
Textile	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
.	O


Its	O
president	O
,	O
William	B-PERSON
Shang	I-PERSON
,	O
explains	O
that	O
conventional	O
fibers	O
have	O
a	O
round	O
cross-section	O
,	O
but	O
by	O
changing	O
the	O
fibers	O
'	O
physical	O
properties	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
produce	O
them	O
with	O
various	O
cross-sectional	O
profiles	O
such	O
as	O
X	O
or	O
Y	O
shapes	O
,	O
which	O
create	O
capillaries	O
along	O
the	O
fibers	O
.	O


These	O
not	O
only	O
quickly	O
wick	O
sweat	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
skin	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
regulate	O
body	O
temperature	O
and	O
allow	O
garments	O
to	O
dry	O
quickly	O
after	O
washing	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
fibers	O
'	O
special	O
properties	O
can	O
easily	O
be	O
destroyed	O
in	O
the	O
various	O
processes	O
they	O
go	O
through	O
such	O
as	O
yarn	O
spinning	O
,	O
weaving	O
,	O
dyeing	O
and	O
finishing	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
making	O
finished	O
garments	O
requires	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
technical	O
sophistication	O
.	O


Chung	B-PERSON
Shing	I-PERSON
has	O
launched	O
a	O
fabric	O
named	O
Coolplus	B-PRODUCT
to	O
compete	O
with	O
Dupont	B-ORG
's	O
equivalent	O
product	O
,	O
Coolmax	B-PRODUCT
.	O


"	O
Developing	O
new	O
fibers	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
element	O
in	O
upgrading	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Shang	B-PERSON
.	O


However	O
,	O
he	O
acknowledges	O
that	O
although	O
many	O
new	O
products	O
are	O
being	O
developed	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
on	O
closer	O
inspection	O
they	O
are	O
all	O
copies	O
of	O
products	O
first	B-ORDINAL
developed	O
elsewhere	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
fall	O
some	O
way	O
short	O
of	O
real	O
innovation	O
.	O


But	O
whereas	O
it	O
used	O
to	O
take	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
companies	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
trial	O
and	O
error	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
how	O
to	O
make	O
such	O
products	O
,	O
the	O
gap	O
between	O
them	O
and	O
their	O
European	B-NORP
and	O
American	B-NORP
competitors	O
is	O
growing	O
ever	O
smaller	O
.	O


When	O
new	O
products	O
appear	O
overseas	O
it	O
now	O
only	O
takes	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
two	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
bring	O
out	O
an	O
equivalent	O
.	O


William	B-PERSON
Shang	I-PERSON
observes	O
that	O
when	O
most	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
firms	O
see	O
something	O
new	O
at	O
an	O
overseas	O
exhibition	O
they	O
will	O
bring	O
back	O
a	O
sample	O
,	O
inspect	O
it	O
under	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
powered	O
microscope	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
weaving	O
method	O
and	O
have	O
it	O
chemically	O
analyzed	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
the	O
composition	O
of	O
the	O
fibers	O
and	O
finishing	O
chemicals	O
.	O


With	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
long	O
years	B-DATE
of	O
manufacturing	O
experience	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
then	O
not	O
difficult	O
to	O
reproduce	O
the	O
product	O
with	O
70	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
80	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
accuracy	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
Shang	B-PERSON
does	O
not	O
see	O
this	O
as	O
a	O
viable	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
strategy	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
best	O
strategy	O
for	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
is	O
still	O
to	O
put	O
more	O
effort	O
into	O
basic	O
scientific	O
research	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
he	O
read	O
in	O
Time	B-ORG
magazine	I-ORG
that	O
because	O
spiders	O
produce	O
the	O
best	O
natural	O
fibers	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
being	O
both	O
lustrous	O
and	O
resilient	O
,	O
US	B-GPE
scientists	O
transferred	O
spider	O
genes	O
into	O
silkworms	O
to	O
produce	O
"	O
super	O
silkworms	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
technique	O
succeeded	O
,	O
but	O
because	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
were	O
not	O
very	O
interested	O
in	O
producing	O
clothing	O
textiles	O
,	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
commercialize	O
it	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
combination	O
of	O
lateral	O
thinking	O
and	O
advanced	O
technology	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
still	O
has	O
some	O
way	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


Shang	B-PERSON
,	O
currently	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
CTI	B-ORG
's	O
technology	O
committee	O
,	O
is	O
well	O
aware	O
of	O
where	O
the	O
obstacle	O
to	O
R&D	O
lies	O
:	O
"	O
Innovative	O
ideas	O
take	O
time	O
to	O
mature	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
accept	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
uncertainty	O
.	O


But	O
our	O
environment	O
does	O
not	O
allow	O
this	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
notes	O
that	O
industries	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
always	O
pursue	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
profits	O
,	O
so	O
there	O
is	O
never	O
much	O
interest	O
in	O
technologies	O
which	O
are	O
too	O
forward	O
-	O
looking	O
and	O
can	O
not	O
immediately	O
produce	O
saleable	O
products	O
.	O


As	O
one	O
of	O
18	B-CARDINAL
industrial	O
institutes	O
under	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
CTI	B-ORG
has	O
some	O
state	O
funding	O
.	O


But	O
with	O
ever	O
greater	O
budgetary	O
constraints	O
and	O
pressure	O
to	O
cover	O
its	O
own	O
costs	O
,	O
development	O
projects	O
mostly	O
concentrate	O
on	O
firms	O
'	O
current	O
needs	O
,	O
and	O
stress	O
the	O
sales	O
and	O
profit	O
they	O
generate	O
.	O


Under	O
such	O
circumstances	O
,	O
epoch	O
-	O
making	O
innovations	O
are	O
unlikely	O
to	O
emerge	O
.	O


Standardizing	O
colors	O


Because	O
innovation	O
is	O
so	O
hard	O
to	O
achieve	O
,	O
the	O
highly	O
innovative	O
Sinocolor	B-WORK_OF_ART
Book	I-WORK_OF_ART
color	I-WORK_OF_ART
reference	I-WORK_OF_ART
system	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
which	O
was	O
launched	O
at	O
the	O
CTI	B-ORG
's	O
40th	B-DATE
anniversary	I-DATE
celebration	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
greeted	O
with	O
great	O
admiration	O
by	O
many	O
.	O


The	O
system	O
's	O
inventor	O
,	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
Yun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
peng	I-PERSON
,	O
only	O
had	O
a	O
junior	O
high	O
school	O
education	O
,	O
but	O
had	O
researched	O
color	O
matching	O
for	O
18	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
a	O
dyeing	O
factory	O
.	O


Discovering	O
that	O
imported	O
color	O
matching	O
software	O
was	O
of	O
little	O
practical	O
use	O
,	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
a	O
word	O
of	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
taught	O
himself	O
to	O
program	O
and	O
wrote	O
an	O
improved	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
.	O


Writing	O
color	O
matching	O
software	O
earned	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
Yun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
peng	I-PERSON
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
was	O
not	O
his	O
main	O
purpose	O
.	O


His	O
real	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
color	O
reference	O
system	O
that	O
was	O
genuinely	O
easy	O
to	O
use	O
,	O
to	O
overcome	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
color	O
standardization	O
which	O
had	O
long	O
plagued	O
the	O
dyeing	O
industry	O
.	O


To	O
pursue	O
this	O
goal	O
he	O
quit	O
his	O
job	O
,	O
moved	O
to	O
the	O
suburbs	O
of	O
Kuishan	B-GPE
in	O
Taoyuan	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
began	O
to	O
spend	O
18	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
a	O
day	O
studying	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


Quite	O
apart	O
from	O
the	O
difficulties	O
of	O
keeping	O
his	O
family	O
fed	O
,	O
he	O
often	O
was	O
n't	O
even	O
sure	O
how	O
old	O
his	O
three	B-CARDINAL
children	O
were	O
and	O
what	O
year	O
of	O
school	O
they	O
were	O
in	O
.	O


Finally	O
he	O
used	O
a	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
dimensional	O
model	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
regularly	O
graded	O
,	O
finely	O
differentiated	O
color	O
reference	O
system	O
covering	O
20,000	B-CARDINAL
colors	O
,	O
each	O
with	O
clear	O
"	O
color	O
coordinates	O
.	O
"	O


These	O
features	O
are	O
unmatched	O
by	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
systems	O
currently	O
in	O
common	O
use	O
worldwide	O
,	O
which	O
only	O
define	O
up	O
to	O
3,000	B-CARDINAL
colors	O
.	O


The	O
textile	O
industry	O
's	O
efforts	O
to	O
upgrade	O
are	O
gradually	O
showing	O
some	O
results	O
,	O
but	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
situation	O
overall	O
,	O
CTI	B-ORG
president	O
Yao	B-PERSON
Hsing	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chuan	I-PERSON
is	O
still	O
somewhat	O
worried	O
.	O


He	O
comments	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
companies	O
still	O
have	O
the	O
traditional	O
mindset	O
of	O
pursuing	O
low	O
-	O
cost	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
volume	O
production	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
third	B-ORDINAL
biggest	O
producer	O
of	O
man	O
-	O
made	O
fibers	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
only	O
produces	O
a	O
small	O
range	O
of	O
mass	O
-	O
market	O
fibers	O
for	O
apparel	O
fabrics	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
almost	O
total	O
neglect	O
of	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
or	O
so	O
other	O
high	O
-	O
added	O
-	O
value	O
,	O
special	O
fibers	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
such	O
as	O
high	O
-	O
strength	O
fibers	O
for	O
bullet	O
-	O
proof	O
fabrics	O
,	O
elastic	O
fibers	O
or	O
superalloy	O
aerospace	O
fibers	O
.	O


Again	O
,	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
biggest	O
export	O
item	O
,	O
finished	O
fabrics	O
,	O
these	O
too	O
are	O
largely	O
limited	O
to	O
apparel	O
fabrics	O
,	O
with	O
few	O
companies	O
getting	O
involved	O
in	O
other	O
areas	O
despite	O
their	O
potential	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
struck	O
by	O
many	O
landslides	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
requires	O
large	O
quantities	O
of	O
geotextiles	O
-	O
heavy	O
-	O
grade	O
textiles	O
laid	O
under	O
or	O
around	O
civil	O
engineering	O
structures	O
to	O
prevent	O
erosion	O
by	O
groundwater	O
movement	O
.	O


The	O
currently	O
planned	O
high	O
-	O
speed	O
rail	O
system	O
alone	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
require	O
several	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
yards	I-QUANTITY
of	O
geotextiles	O
.	O


But	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
companies	O
are	O
inexperienced	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
,	O
and	O
sending	O
products	O
overseas	O
for	O
quality	O
certification	O
tests	O
is	O
time	O
consuming	O
and	O
complicated	O
,	O
so	O
local	O
companies	O
can	O
only	O
stand	O
and	O
watch	O
as	O
the	O
entire	O
market	O
goes	O
to	O
imported	O
products	O
.	O


Bullet	O
-	O
proof	O
fabrics	O
?	O


Geotextiles	O
?	O


Are	O
these	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
?	O


Indeed	O
they	O
are	O
.	O


Yao	B-PERSON
Hsing	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chuan	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
textile	O
industry	O
products	O
have	O
three	O
main	O
fields	O
of	O
application	O
:	O
apparel	O
,	O
furnishings	O
and	O
industrial	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
over	O
95	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
by	O
value	O
of	O
ROC	O
textile	O
industry	O
output	O
is	O
accounted	O
for	O
by	O
apparel	O
products	O
with	O
low	O
added	O
value	O
.	O


By	O
contrast	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
USA	B-GPE
textiles	O
for	O
clothing	O
and	O
industrial	O
applications	O
are	O
produced	O
in	O
equal	O
quantities	O
,	O
and	O
industrial	O
textiles	O
include	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
different	O
products	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
technically	O
demanding	O
and	O
command	O
profit	O
margins	O
with	O
which	O
most	O
apparel	O
products	O
can	O
not	O
compare	O
.	O


Hence	O
the	O
CTI	B-ORG
has	O
already	O
made	O
it	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
major	O
goals	O
to	O
encourage	O
firms	O
to	O
shift	O
their	O
orientation	O
towards	O
industrial	O
textiles	O
.	O


The	O
development	O
of	O
stainless	O
-	O
steel	O
fibers	O
is	O
one	O
success	O
story	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
.	O


From	O
false	O
teeth	O
to	O
space	O
suits	O


Dotted	O
among	O
the	O
paddy	O
fields	O
of	O
Taichung	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Houli	B-LOC
Rural	I-LOC
Township	I-LOC
are	O
many	O
metal	O
-	O
clad	O
buildings	O
which	O
house	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
factories	O
producing	O
such	O
products	O
as	O
plastics	O
,	O
furniture	O
and	O
electronic	O
components	O
.	O


Among	O
them	O
is	O
King	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Metal	I-ORG
Fiber	I-ORG
Technologies	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
only	O
firm	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
which	O
draws	O
fibers	O
from	O
stainless	O
steel	O
.	O


King	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
president	O
Rocky	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
is	O
known	O
to	O
all	O
as	O
Dr.	O
Chang	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
is	O
indeed	O
still	O
a	O
practicing	O
dentist	O
.	O


A	O
decade	B-DATE
or	O
so	O
ago	O
,	O
while	O
he	O
was	O
studying	O
in	O
Australia	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
developed	O
an	O
interest	O
in	O
metallurgy	O
,	O
and	O
hoped	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
metals	O
in	O
tooth	O
implants	O
.	O


Later	O
he	O
learned	O
that	O
stainless	O
steels	O
have	O
an	O
enormously	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
applications	O
in	O
the	O
textiles	O
,	O
industrial	O
and	O
military	O
fields	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
could	O
not	O
find	O
a	O
partner	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
in	O
Australia	B-GPE
,	O
so	O
he	O
returned	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
began	O
collaborating	O
with	O
the	O
CTI	B-ORG
.	O


Today	B-TIME
,	O
not	O
only	O
is	O
King	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
on	O
a	O
par	O
with	O
the	O
large	O
overseas	O
manufacturers	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
filament	O
drawing	O
technology	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
assist	O
local	O
downstream	O
manufacturers	O
in	O
using	O
its	O
products	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
also	O
set	O
up	O
metal	O
fiber	O
yarn	O
spinning	O
and	O
fabric	O
weaving	O
plants	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
making	O
efforts	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
nonwoven	O
fabrics	O
.	O


Stroking	O
the	O
silver	O
-	O
gray	O
ringlets	O
which	O
are	O
twice	B-ORDINAL
as	O
fine	O
as	O
human	O
hair	O
,	O
Chang	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
these	O
soft	O
,	O
flexible	O
fibers	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
grade	O
steel	O
can	O
not	O
only	O
make	O
fashion	O
fabrics	O
glisten	O
with	O
a	O
mysterious	O
modern	O
sheen	O
suitable	O
for	O
a	O
millennium	O
party	O
,	O
but	O
-	O
thanks	O
to	O
metals	O
'	O
outstanding	O
capacity	O
to	O
shield	O
and	O
conduct	O
electromagnetic	O
waves	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
withstand	O
high	O
temperatures	O
and	O
acid	O
or	O
caustic	O
environments	O
-	O
they	O
also	O
have	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
applications	O
in	O
many	O
industries	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
recent	O
international	O
furniture	O
show	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
King	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
exhibited	O
sound	O
insulating	O
panels	O
containing	O
metal	O
fibers	O
,	O
which	O
hi	O
-	O
fi	O
buffs	O
can	O
install	O
to	O
produce	O
an	O
excellent	O
sound	O
studio	O
effect	O
.	O


Cellphone	O
cases	O
of	O
metal	O
fabric	O
can	O
shield	O
users	O
from	O
the	O
electromagnetic	O
radiation	O
the	O
phones	O
produce	O
;	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
clean	O
rooms	O
of	O
silicon	O
wafer	O
fabs	O
,	O
where	O
dust	O
particles	O
attracted	O
by	O
static	O
electricity	O
on	O
clothing	O
are	O
the	O
biggest	O
bugbear	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
host	O
of	O
applications	O
for	O
anti-static	O
fabrics	O
,	O
from	O
workers	O
'	O
clothing	O
and	O
footwear	O
to	O
trolleys	O
,	O
conveyor	O
belts	O
and	O
wall	O
coverings	O
.	O


Rocky	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
before	O
King	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
started	O
producing	O
metal	O
fibers	O
,	O
the	O
market	O
was	O
divided	O
up	O
between	O
a	O
few	O
foreign	O
companies	O
which	O
charged	O
high	O
prices	O
and	O
produced	O
only	O
small	O
quantities	O
of	O
products	O
.	O


Furthermore	O
,	O
when	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
users	O
had	O
difficulties	O
with	O
production	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
who	O
to	O
turn	O
to	O
for	O
help	O
.	O


Looking	O
into	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
Chang	B-PERSON
hopes	O
that	O
as	O
a	O
key	O
material	O
,	O
stainless	O
steel	O
fiber	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
"	O
locomotive	O
"	O
effect	O
,	O
encouraging	O
various	O
industries	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
develop	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
different	O
products	O
.	O


Time	O
to	O
get	O
weaving	O


Developing	O
industrial	O
textiles	O
requires	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
different	O
industries	O
'	O
needs	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
requires	O
new	O
channels	O
of	O
distribution	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
cellphone	O
cases	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
sold	O
through	O
electronic	O
goods	O
shops	O
,	O
while	O
car	O
airbags	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
sold	O
into	O
automotive	O
distribution	O
channels	O
.	O


For	O
entrepreneurs	O
who	O
have	O
previously	O
only	O
sold	O
into	O
the	O
clothing	O
trade	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
challenge	O
.	O


How	O
to	O
promote	O
"	O
cross-industry	O
cooperation	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
get	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
to	O
look	O
beyond	O
their	O
own	O
industry	O
's	O
boundaries	O
and	O
become	O
effective	O
partners	O
for	O
the	O
electronics	O
,	O
construction	O
,	O
medical	O
supplies	O
and	O
other	O
industries	O
is	O
the	O
next	O
task	O
for	O
the	O
CTI	B-ORG
to	O
tackle	O
.	O


As	O
CTI	B-ORG
president	O
Yao	B-PERSON
Hsing	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chuan	I-PERSON
observes	O
,	O
what	O
has	O
enabled	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
textile	O
industry	O
to	O
survive	O
through	O
the	O
ups	O
and	O
downs	O
of	O
its	O
history	O
is	O
the	O
highly	O
motivated	O
attitude	O
of	O
its	O
entrepreneurs	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
this	O
ambition	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
guarantee	O
of	O
the	O
industry	O
creating	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
spring	B-DATE
.	O


p.	O
30	B-CARDINAL


An	O
unusual	O
fashion	O
show	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Textile	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
40th	B-DATE
anniversary	I-DATE
celebration	O
:	O
the	O
focus	O
is	O
not	O
on	O
showing	O
fashionable	O
new	O
styles	O
,	O
but	O
on	O
introducing	O
the	O
latest	O
fruits	O
of	O
textile	O
product	O
development	O
in	O
the	O
ROC	O
.	O


The	O
stainless	O
steel	O
fibers	O
in	O
the	O
fabrics	O
worn	O
by	O
these	O
models	O
have	O
potential	O
applications	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
avant	O
-	O
garde	O
fashions	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
in	O
industrial	O
conveyor	O
belts	O
and	O
even	O
space	O
suits	O
.	O


p.	O
32	B-CARDINAL


Eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
this	O
was	O
just	O
a	O
textile	O
testing	O
center	O
with	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
single	O
-	O
storey	O
buildings	O
and	O
a	O
staff	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
20	B-CARDINAL
.	O


But	O
president	O
Yao	B-PERSON
Hsing	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chuan	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
left	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
has	O
single	O
-	O
handedly	O
transformed	O
it	O
into	O
today	B-TIME
's	O
China	B-ORG
Textiles	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
,	O
with	O
a	O
staff	O
of	O
nearly	O
300	B-CARDINAL
.	O


With	O
him	O
is	O
Ho	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lan	I-PERSON
,	O
formerly	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
Textile	I-ORG
Federation	I-ORG
and	O
now	O
consultant	O
to	O
the	O
CTI	B-ORG
.	O


p.	O
34	B-CARDINAL


The	O
CTI	B-ORG
has	O
an	O
artificial	O
climate	O
chamber	O
which	O
can	O
simulate	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
weather	O
conditions	O
such	O
as	O
frost	O
and	O
rain	O
.	O


Our	O
picture	O
shows	O
members	O
of	O
an	O
ROC	O
mountaineering	O
team	O
testing	O
the	O
warmth	O
and	O
anti-condensation	O
qualities	O
of	O
their	O
clothing	O
before	O
setting	O
out	O
to	O
tackle	O
Mt.	B-LOC
Everest	I-LOC
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
CTI	B-ORG
-RRB-	O


p.	O
35	B-CARDINAL


Guess	O
what	O
these	O
lads	O
are	O
doing	O
?	O


They	O
are	O
playing	O
a	O
"	O
computer	O
handle	O
test	O
"	O
game	O
:	O
after	O
carefully	O
feeling	O
a	O
numbered	O
cloth	O
sample	O
they	O
score	O
it	O
for	O
handle	O
-LRB-	O
crispness	O
,	O
drape	O
,	O
pliability	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


and	O
then	O
compare	O
their	O
scores	O
with	O
those	O
given	O
by	O
the	O
computer	O
.	O


Many	O
are	O
surprised	O
to	O
find	O
how	O
different	O
the	O
results	O
are	O
!	O


p.	O
36	B-CARDINAL


This	O
high	O
-	O
grade	O
fabric	O
is	O
completely	O
waterproof	O
,	O
yet	O
breathes	O
to	O
allow	O
sweat	O
to	O
evaporate	O
.	O


It	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
into	O
military	O
or	O
police	O
rainwear	O
and	O
horse	O
blankets	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
also	O
in	O
great	O
demand	O
in	O
advanced	O
countries	O
for	O
leisure	O
wear	O
.	O


The	O
picture	O
at	O
left	O
shows	O
high	O
-	O
value	O
leisure	O
apparel	O
;	O
above	O
,	O
the	O
fabric	O
coating	O
process	O
.	O


p.	O
37	B-CARDINAL


Various	O
kinds	O
of	O
protective	O
fabrics	O
find	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
applications	O
in	O
industry	O
.	O


The	O
picture	O
above	O
shows	O
articles	O
made	O
by	O
the	O
"	O
fully	O
fashioned	O
"	O
knitting	O
method	O
,	O
which	O
vastly	O
increases	O
their	O
strength	O
and	O
resilience	O
,	O
making	O
them	O
suitable	O
for	O
crash	O
helmet	O
liners	O
,	O
protective	O
lagging	O
for	O
water	O
pipes	O
,	O
climbing	O
ropes	O
and	O
more	O
.	O


At	O
right	O
,	O
cut	O
-	O
resistant	O
gloves	O
containing	O
stainless	O
steel	O
fibers	O
.	O


They	O
cost	O
much	O
less	O
than	O
imported	O
products	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
just	O
as	O
effective	O
.	O


p.	O
37	B-CARDINAL


The	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
fibers	O
with	O
various	O
properties	O
or	O
special	O
feel	O
can	O
help	O
the	O
industry	O
upgrade	O
.	O


At	O
left	O
we	O
see	O
soft	O
,	O
flexible	O
yarns	O
spun	O
from	O
high	O
-	O
grade	O
stainless	O
steel	O
;	O
below	O
,	O
chitin	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
drawn	O
into	O
thread	O
or	O
ground	O
into	O
powder	O
to	O
make	O
health	O
food	O
.	O


p.	O
38	B-CARDINAL


Hsu	B-PERSON
Yun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
peng	I-PERSON
built	O
on	O
his	O
solid	O
practical	O
grounding	O
to	O
not	O
only	O
develop	O
color	O
matching	O
software	O
which	O
is	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
also	O
compile	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sinocolor	I-WORK_OF_ART
Book	I-WORK_OF_ART
color	I-WORK_OF_ART
reference	I-WORK_OF_ART
system	I-WORK_OF_ART
covering	O
20,000	B-CARDINAL
colors	O
.	O


Its	O
recent	O
launch	O
was	O
a	O
big	O
event	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
textile	O
industry	O
.	O


p.	O
39	B-CARDINAL


Practicing	O
dentist	O
Rocky	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
,	O
known	O
to	O
all	O
as	O
"	O
Dr.	O
Chang	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
has	O
collaborated	O
with	O
the	O
CTI	B-ORG
to	O
develop	O
yarn	O
spinning	O
and	O
fabric	O
weaving	O
technologies	O
for	O
metal	O
fibers	O
,	O
thus	O
opening	O
up	O
a	O
new	O
field	O
for	O
the	O
ROC	O
textile	O
industry	O
.	O


James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
Gets	O
a	O
Message	O
:	O


Show	O
Us	O
the	O
Money	O
!	O


-LRB-	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Newell	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


In	O
December	B-DATE
there	O
was	O
an	O
unexpected	O
shock	O
in	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
race	O
.	O


The	O
shock	O
did	O
not	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
announcement	O
on	O
the	O
10th	B-ORDINAL
by	O
Democratic	B-ORG
Progressive	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
candidate	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
that	O
his	O
running	O
mate	O
would	O
be	O
Annette	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
this	O
was	O
expected	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
from	O
revelations	O
about	O
mystery	O
funds	O
which	O
embroiled	O
independent	O
candidate	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
.	O


Soong	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
far	O
ahead	O
in	O
public	O
opinion	O
polls	O
,	O
has	O
suffered	O
a	O
severe	O
blow	O
from	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
"	O
Chung	B-EVENT
Hsing	I-EVENT
Case	I-EVENT
,	O
"	O
and	O
his	O
support	O
has	O
dropped	O
markedly	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
now	O
Chen	B-PERSON
and	O
Kuomintang	B-PERSON
candidate	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
are	O
running	O
neck	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
neck	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
the	O
aftershocks	O
of	O
the	O
case	O
have	O
not	O
subsided	O
.	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
22	I-DATE
,	O
Minister	O
of	O
Finance	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
,	O
responding	O
to	O
interpellations	O
in	O
the	O
Legislative	O
Yuan	B-PERSON
,	O
officially	O
announced	O
some	O
findings	O
of	O
the	O
investigation	O
into	O
major	O
securities	O
trading	O
by	O
Soong	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yuan	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
.	O


Most	O
important	O
were	O
revelations	O
about	O
accounts	O
held	O
in	O
the	O
names	O
of	O
Soong	B-PERSON
family	O
members	O
.	O


Legislator	O
Yang	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
had	O
uncovered	O
two	B-CARDINAL
funds	O
,	O
valued	O
at	O
NT$	B-MONEY
140	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
and	O
$	B-MONEY
470	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
under	O
the	O
names	O
of	O
Soong	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yuan	I-PERSON
and	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
sister	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Pi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yun	I-PERSON
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
said	O
Minister	O
Chiu	B-PERSON
,	O
there	O
were	O
other	O
accounts	O
,	O
the	O
largest	O
of	O
which	O
reached	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
NT$	B-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
value	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
District	I-ORG
Prosecutor	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
then	O
opened	O
its	O
own	O
investigation	O
.	O


It	O
collected	O
evidence	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
,	O
Chung	B-ORG
Hsing	I-ORG
Bills	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
other	O
institutions	O
.	O


After	O
tracing	O
the	O
flow	O
of	O
money	O
,	O
it	O
then	O
called	O
in	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Pi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yun	I-PERSON
and	O
Soong	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yuan	I-PERSON
for	O
questioning	O
.	O


Faced	O
with	O
outside	O
scepticism	O
,	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
then	O
asked	O
New	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
legislator	O
Hsieh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ta	I-PERSON
to	O
form	O
an	O
audit	O
team	O
and	O
investigate	O
.	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
28	I-DATE
,	O
Hsieh	B-PERSON
held	O
a	O
press	O
conference	O
to	O
relate	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
audit	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
explained	O
when	O
the	O
accounts	O
were	O
opened	O
,	O
how	O
they	O
were	O
used	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
the	O
flow	O
of	O
the	O
money	O
was	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
press	O
conference	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Pi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yun	I-PERSON
stated	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
nearly	O
NT$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
from	O
several	O
sources	O
,	O
including	O
more	O
than	O
NT$	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
left	O
over	O
from	O
funds	O
collected	O
for	O
Soong	B-PERSON
's	O
campaign	O
for	O
provincial	O
governor	O
-LRB-	O
which	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
Soong	B-PERSON
could	O
retain	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
NT$	B-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
provided	O
by	O
the	O
provincial	O
water	O
conservancy	O
authorities	O
for	O
a	O
fund	O
to	O
train	O
water	O
conservancy	O
specialists	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
NT$	B-MONEY
140	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
funds	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
for	O
"	O
party	O
operations	O
,	O
"	O
more	O
than	O
NT$	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
looking	O
after	O
the	O
descendants	O
of	O
the	O
late	O
president	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuo	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
more	O
than	O
NT$	B-MONEY
14	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
family	O
savings	O
.	O


The	O
funds	O
were	O
used	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Hsieh	B-PERSON
's	O
audit	O
,	O
to	O
support	O
election	O
campaigns	O
of	O
provincial	O
assemblymen	O
,	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
election	O
campaign	O
of	O
current	O
president	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
,	O
to	O
pay	O
business	O
expenses	O
for	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
,	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
scholarship	O
fund	O
for	O
students	O
to	O
go	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
California	I-ORG
at	I-ORG
Berkeley	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
to	O
support	O
Soong	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yuan	I-PERSON
in	O
his	O
studies	O
and	O
business	O
activities	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
final	O
version	O
of	O
Hsieh	B-PERSON
's	O
findings	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
provided	O
to	O
the	O
investigating	O
authorities	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Pi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yun	I-PERSON
provided	O
no	O
reasonable	O
explanation	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
question	O
:	O
Why	O
were	O
public	O
funds	O
mixed	O
up	O
with	O
and	O
deposited	O
along	O
with	O
private	O
funds	O
in	O
the	O
Soong	B-PERSON
family	O
's	O
private	O
accounts	O
?	O


Soong	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
participated	O
in	O
Hsieh	B-PERSON
's	O
press	O
conference	O
,	O
then	O
declared	O
that	O
the	O
mixing	O
of	O
public	O
and	O
private	O
funds	O
was	O
done	O
on	O
the	O
orders	O
of	O
party	O
chairman	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
for	O
purposes	O
of	O
"	O
security	O
,	O
reliability	O
,	O
secrecy	O
,	O
and	O
avoiding	O
trouble	O
.	O
"	O


After	O
the	O
Hsieh	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
press	O
conference	O
,	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
held	O
its	O
own	O
.	O


Party	O
spokesperson	O
Huang	B-PERSON
Hui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chen	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
had	O
never	O
officially	O
authorized	O
Soong	B-PERSON
to	O
have	O
or	O
use	O
these	O
funds	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
Soong	B-PERSON
was	O
suspected	O
of	O
embezzlement	O
.	O


A	O
judicial	O
investigation	O
will	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
look	O
into	O
this	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
did	O
all	O
this	O
start	O
?	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
9	I-DATE
legislator	O
Yang	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
held	O
a	O
press	O
conference	O
at	O
which	O
he	O
stated	O
that	O
Soong	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yuan	I-PERSON
had	O
opened	O
a	O
securities	O
trading	O
account	O
at	O
Chung	B-ORG
Hsing	I-ORG
Bills	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
,	O
that	O
in	O
December	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
1992	I-DATE
,	O
Soong	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yuan	I-PERSON
purchased	O
NT$	B-MONEY
106	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
securities	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
as	O
of	O
the	O
date	O
of	O
the	O
press	O
conference	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
more	O
than	O
NT$	B-MONEY
140	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
securities	O
in	O
the	O
account	O
.	O


Yang	B-PERSON
wondered	O
how	O
Soong	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yuan	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
had	O
just	O
graduated	O
from	O
university	O
,	O
could	O
possess	O
such	O
a	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
wealth	O
.	O


James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
thereafter	O
stated	O
that	O
after	O
his	O
son	O
had	O
gone	O
abroad	O
to	O
study	O
and	O
start	O
a	O
business	O
,	O
a	O
benevolent	O
"	O
elder	O
"	O
opened	O
an	O
account	O
which	O
would	O
allow	O
the	O
younger	O
Soong	B-PERSON
to	O
withdraw	O
funds	O
from	O
the	O
interest	O
as	O
needed	O
.	O


Over	O
the	O
years	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
special	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
money	O
,	O
and	O
last	O
June	O
NT$	B-MONEY
140	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
was	O
returned	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
who	O
this	O
"	O
elder	O
"	O
is	O
,	O
Soong	B-PERSON
would	O
not	O
say	O
.	O


But	O
scepticism	O
persisted	O
.	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
,	O
Soong	B-PERSON
held	O
a	O
press	O
conference	O
at	O
which	O
he	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
account	O
in	O
his	O
son	O
's	O
name	O
was	O
set	O
up	O
under	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
KMT	B-ORG
party	O
chairman	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
NT$	B-MONEY
146,460,000	I-MONEY
was	O
transferred	O
from	O
the	O
special	O
account	O
of	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
Secretary	O
-	O
General	O
and	O
deposited	O
in	O
accounts	O
under	O
the	O
names	O
of	O
Soong	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yuan	I-PERSON
and	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Pi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yun	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
money	O
was	O
designated	O
,	O
said	O
Soong	B-PERSON
,	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
the	O
descendants	O
of	O
former	O
president	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuo	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
for	O
"	O
party	O
tasks	O
"	O
specially	O
designated	O
by	O
the	O
chairman	O
.	O


Soong	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
amounts	O
announced	O
by	O
Yang	B-PERSON
were	O
inaccurate	O
.	O


Soong	B-PERSON
held	O
a	O
second	O
press	O
conference	O
on	O
December	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
time	O
he	O
declared	O
only	O
that	O
the	O
money	O
had	O
been	O
intended	O
for	O
looking	O
after	O
the	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
family	O
.	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
21	I-DATE
,	O
Legislator	O
Yang	B-PERSON
held	O
his	O
third	O
press	O
conference	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
stated	O
that	O
Soong	B-PERSON
's	O
sister	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Pi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yun	I-PERSON
,	O
had	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
half	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
period	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1994	I-DATE
and	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1995	I-DATE
,	O
used	O
NT$	B-MONEY
470	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
cash	O
to	O
purchase	O
bonds	O
and	O
securities	O
at	O
Chung	B-ORG
Hsing	I-ORG
.	O


Under	O
pressure	O
from	O
the	O
public	O
and	O
legislators	O
,	O
on	O
December	B-DATE
22	I-DATE
Minister	O
of	O
Finance	O
Chiu	B-PERSON
announced	O
partial	O
results	O
of	O
their	O
investigation	O
,	O
as	O
mentioned	O
above	O
.	O


This	O
in	O
turn	O
sparked	O
Soong	B-PERSON
to	O
ask	O
Hsieh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ta	I-PERSON
for	O
another	O
audit	O
.	O


There	O
have	O
been	O
no	O
firm	O
conclusions	O
as	O
yet	O
.	O


The	B-EVENT
Chung	I-EVENT
Hsing	I-EVENT
case	I-EVENT
may	O
or	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
fully	O
clarified	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
certainly	O
greatly	O
affected	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
public	O
support	O
.	O


Before	O
the	O
scandal	O
broke	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
getting	O
more	O
than	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
support	O
in	O
public	O
opinion	O
polls	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
December	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
poll	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
shows	O
Soong	B-PERSON
with	O
only	O
23	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


This	O
leaves	O
him	O
behind	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
24	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-RRB-	O
and	O
barely	O
ahead	O
of	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
22	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-RRB-	O
.	O


Yet	O
,	O
while	O
Soong	B-PERSON
's	O
support	O
has	O
fallen	O
,	O
that	O
of	O
Chen	B-PERSON
and	O
Lien	B-PERSON
has	O
not	O
markedly	O
increased	O
.	O


Obviously	O
former	O
Soong	B-PERSON
supporters	O
are	O
now	O
taking	O
a	O
wait	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
see	O
attitude	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
final	O
point	O
worth	O
reflecting	O
on	O
:	O
This	O
is	O
only	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
direct	O
election	O
for	O
the	O
president	O
in	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
ROC	B-ORG
.	O


Yet	O
the	O
personal	O
characters	O
of	O
the	O
candidates	O
and	O
those	O
around	O
them	O
have	O
already	O
become	O
the	O
main	O
focus	O
of	O
public	O
attention	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
little	O
discussion	O
of	O
public	O
policy	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
been	O
virtually	O
no	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
white	O
papers	O
on	O
China	B-GPE
policy	O
and	O
constitutional	O
reform	O
issued	O
by	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
.	O


What	O
is	O
wrong	O
with	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
democratic	O
culture	O
?	O


Do	O
the	O
public	O
and	O
media	O
need	O
to	O
reassess	O
?	O


After	O
all	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
millennium	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
many	O
more	O
tests	O
facing	O
us	O
.	O


p.	O
41	B-CARDINAL


The	B-EVENT
Chung	I-EVENT
Hsing	I-EVENT
Securities	I-EVENT
Case	I-EVENT
has	O
seriously	O
damaged	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
independent	O
presidential	O
candidate	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
photo	O
shows	O
Soong	B-PERSON
explaining	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
the	O
funds	O
at	O
a	O
December	B-DATE
14	I-DATE
press	O
conference	O
.	O


Tears	O
that	O
Smile	O
-	O


Huang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ming	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Letting	B-WORK_OF_ART
Them	I-WORK_OF_ART
Go	I-WORK_OF_ART


-LRB-	O
Yang	B-PERSON
Chao	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Pu	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
Scott	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


After	O
more	O
than	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
silence	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
collection	O
of	O
stories	O
from	O
Huang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ming	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
major	O
event	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
just	O
in	O
literary	O
circles	O
.	O


For	O
readers	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
anticipating	O
a	O
new	O
collection	O
for	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
publication	O
of	O
Letting	B-WORK_OF_ART
Them	I-WORK_OF_ART
Go	I-WORK_OF_ART
is	O
big	O
news	O
.	O


After	O
such	O
a	O
long	O
"	O
hibernation	O
,	O
"	O
how	O
does	O
this	O
new	O
work	O
compare	O
to	O
Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
previous	O
works	O
?	O


Sinorama	B-ORG
invited	O
the	O
literary	O
critic	O
Yang	B-PERSON
Chao	I-PERSON
to	O
provide	O
our	O
readers	O
with	O
the	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
review	O
which	O
follows	O
.	O


Huang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ming	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
use	O
of	O
fiction	O
to	O
express	O
his	O
concern	O
for	O
the	O
elderly	O
has	O
a	O
long	O
history	O
.	O


"	O
Cheng	B-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
tsai	I-WORK_OF_ART
Gets	I-WORK_OF_ART
off	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bus	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
earliest	O
published	O
work	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
tale	O
of	O
an	O
elderly	O
woman	O
taking	O
her	O
grandson	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
to	O
visit	O
her	O
daughter	O
and	O
son	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
.	O


Although	O
she	O
is	O
"	O
only	O
50	B-DATE
,	O
"	O
"	O
her	O
withered	O
face	O
was	O
deeply	O
etched	O
by	O
life	O
and	O
the	O
passage	O
of	O
time	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
giving	O
people	O
the	O
impression	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
in	O
her	O
60s	B-DATE
.	O
"	O


What	O
really	O
marks	O
her	O
as	O
elderly	O
is	O
not	O
her	O
visage	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
but	O
her	O
inability	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
a	O
task	O
as	O
simple	O
as	O
catching	O
a	O
bus	O
into	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
apprehensive	O
feelings	O
she	O
harbors	O
towards	O
the	O
"	O
cold	O
,	O
unfamiliar	O
"	O
city	O
and	O
the	O
unknown	O
future	O
.	O


Rural	O
aesthetics	O


The	O
title	O
of	O
"	O
An	B-WORK_OF_ART
Irrational	I-WORK_OF_ART
Old	I-WORK_OF_ART
Man	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	O
makes	O
it	O
plain	O
that	O
it	O
too	O
is	O
a	O
story	O
about	O
an	O
elderly	O
person	O
.	O


Here	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
Huang	B-PERSON
has	O
written	O
about	O
a	O
different	O
sort	O
of	O
senior	O
citizen	O
,	O
one	O
who	O
carries	O
within	O
himself	O
a	O
traditional	O
wisdom	O
uncorrupted	O
by	O
modern	O
education	O
.	O


This	O
wisdom	O
,	O
extremely	O
practical	O
in	O
nature	O
,	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
piecemeal	O
oral	O
tradition	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
non-systematic	O
and	O
lacks	O
mechanisms	O
with	O
which	O
to	O
check	O
its	O
own	O
validity	O
.	O


Nonetheless	O
,	O
when	O
taken	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
it	O
presents	O
the	O
ideas	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
spirits	O
in	O
the	O
earth	O
and	O
sky	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
universe	O
is	O
an	O
organic	O
and	O
connected	O
whole	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
elderly	O
's	O
perspective	O
on	O
the	O
universe	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
gives	O
them	O
very	O
different	O
ideas	O
about	O
meaning	O
and	O
beauty	O
.	O


In	O
dialogue	O
with	O
his	O
grandson	O
Ah	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ming	I-PERSON
,	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Irrational	I-WORK_OF_ART
Old	I-WORK_OF_ART
Man	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
passes	O
on	O
his	O
old	O
knowledge	O
:	O
listen	O
to	O
the	O
sound	O
of	O
the	O
waves	O
the	O
wind	O
makes	O
in	O
the	O
rice	O
paddies	O
to	O
discover	O
if	O
the	O
rice	O
is	O
ripe	O
;	O
fill	O
the	O
bellies	O
of	O
grasshoppers	O
with	O
salt	O
before	O
grilling	O
them	O
;	O
sparrows	O
are	O
ghosts	O
or	O
spirits	O
which	O
understand	O
human	O
speech	O
;	O
and	O
killing	O
the	O
lu	O
ti	O
bird	O
brings	O
floods	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
the	O
old	O
man	O
tells	O
the	O
boy	O
of	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Choshui	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
,	O
which	O
searches	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
take	O
its	O
place	O
.	O


In	O
"	O
An	B-WORK_OF_ART
Irrational	I-WORK_OF_ART
Old	I-WORK_OF_ART
Man	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
the	O
reader	O
feels	O
very	O
strongly	O
that	O
Huang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ming	I-PERSON
is	O
playing	O
two	B-CARDINAL
roles	O
:	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
little	O
boy	O
listening	O
intently	O
to	O
his	O
grandfather	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
mature	O
author	O
who	O
longs	O
for	O
the	O
past	O
and	O
wishes	O
to	O
give	O
voice	O
to	O
its	O
earthy	O
old	O
knowledge	O
.	O


Ah	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
is	O
the	O
unforgettable	O
elderly	O
protagonist	O
of	O
"	O
Drowning	B-WORK_OF_ART
an	I-WORK_OF_ART
Old	I-WORK_OF_ART
Cat	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
the	O
next	O
story	O
in	O
the	O
collection	O
.	O


Ah	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
ease	O
of	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Irrational	I-WORK_OF_ART
Old	I-WORK_OF_ART
Man	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
and	O
he	O
stubbornly	O
resists	O
the	O
encroachment	O
of	O
his	O
enemy	O
,	O
modern	O
life	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
tragic	O
story	O
,	O
Ah	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
is	O
ultimately	O
steamrollered	O
by	O
the	O
massive	O
momentum	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
.	O


But	O
while	O
the	O
tragedy	O
plays	O
itself	O
out	O
,	O
Huang	B-PERSON
makes	O
it	O
clear	O
to	O
the	O
reader	O
that	O
he	O
stands	O
firmly	O
on	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
Ah	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
in	O
this	O
conflict	O
.	O


Not	O
everything	O
in	O
the	O
story	O
is	O
bleak	O
,	O
however	O
.	O


Huang	B-PERSON
includes	O
several	O
comic	O
and	O
even	O
farcical	O
scenes	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
which	O
occurs	O
during	O
a	O
carnivalesque	O
town	O
meeting	O
.	O


There	O
,	O
Ah	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
demonstrates	O
a	O
startling	O
ability	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
circumstances	O
and	O
succeeds	O
in	O
wrecking	O
the	O
meeting	O
hall	O
as	O
he	O
makes	O
an	O
eloquent	O
speech	O
on	O
the	O
love	O
of	O
one	O
's	O
family	O
and	O
birthplace	O
,	O
making	O
"	O
the	O
entire	O
village	O
jump	O
to	O
its	O
feet	O
in	O
agitation	O
.	O
"	O


And	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
farcical	O
moment	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
as	O
he	O
takes	O
off	O
his	O
clothes	O
and	O
jumps	O
into	O
a	O
private	O
swimming	O
pool	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
ultimate	O
protest	O
by	O
taking	O
his	O
own	O
life	O
.	O


Old	O
people	O
"	O
let	O
go	O
"	O
by	O
the	O
modern	O
era	O


This	O
theme	O
of	O
tragedy	O
resulting	O
from	O
changing	O
times	O
has	O
appeared	O
in	O
Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
earlier	O
work	O
,	O
in	O
"	O
Cymbal	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
strongly	O
influenced	O
by	O
Lu	B-PERSON
Xun	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Story	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Ah	I-WORK_OF_ART
Q	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


In	O
"	O
Cymbal	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
the	O
protagonist	O
,	O
Foolish	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
,	O
is	O
unclear	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
theme	O
of	O
obsolescence	O
remains	O
.	O


Chin	B-PERSON
's	O
work	O
-	O
making	O
announcements	O
in	O
the	O
street	O
while	O
using	O
a	O
cymbal	O
to	O
attract	O
attention	O
-	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
obsolete	O
by	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
megaphone	O
,	O
undercutting	O
his	O
social	O
status	O
and	O
taking	O
away	O
his	O
livelihood	O
.	O


Chin	B-PERSON
thus	O
takes	O
on	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
older	O
generation	O
who	O
has	O
lost	O
his	O
struggle	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
transition	O
to	O
modern	O
reality	O
.	O


Of	O
necessity	O
,	O
his	O
misfortune	O
and	O
his	O
way	O
of	O
thinking	O
have	O
a	O
very	O
"	O
old	O
'	O
character	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
reasons	O
to	O
look	O
back	O
to	O
Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
early	O
work	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
is	O
to	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
Letting	B-WORK_OF_ART
Them	I-WORK_OF_ART
Go	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
protagonist	O
of	O
every	O
story	O
is	O
an	O
elderly	O
person	O
-	O
is	O
entirely	O
of	O
a	O
piece	O
with	O
his	O
other	O
work	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
return	O
to	O
the	O
main	O
thread	O
of	O
his	O
concerns	O
of	O
30	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	O
extremely	O
nationalistic	O
atmosphere	O
of	O
the	O
1970s	B-DATE
,	O
Huang	B-PERSON
changed	O
his	O
focus	O
for	O
a	O
time	O
,	O
writing	O
about	O
the	O
hatred	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
Sayonara	O
,	O
Goodbye	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
about	O
anti-American	O
sentiments	O
-LRB-	O
I	B-WORK_OF_ART
Love	I-WORK_OF_ART
Mary	I-WORK_OF_ART
-RRB-	O
.	O


Although	O
well	O
received	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
they	O
were	O
written	O
,	O
these	O
works	O
were	O
flawed	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
they	O
lacked	O
the	O
fine	O
composition	O
of	O
true	O
literature	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
in	O
them	O
Huang	B-PERSON
had	O
moved	O
away	O
from	O
his	O
greatest	O
strength	O
,	O
the	O
characters	O
and	O
settings	O
with	O
which	O
he	O
was	O
truly	O
familiar	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
1970s	B-DATE
writings	O
were	O
simply	O
records	O
of	O
the	O
period	O
in	O
which	O
they	O
were	O
written	O
and	O
creative	O
experiments	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
interesting	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
way	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
by	O
no	O
means	O
among	O
his	O
best	O
works	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
generations	O
removed	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
reason	O
to	O
look	O
back	O
at	O
Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
early	O
fiction	O
is	O
to	O
highlight	O
the	O
continuity	O
of	O
Letting	B-WORK_OF_ART
Them	I-WORK_OF_ART
Go	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Although	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
more	O
than	O
ten	O
years	O
since	O
Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
last	O
collection	O
of	O
fiction	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
37	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
separate	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Cheng	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
tsai	I-WORK_OF_ART
Gets	I-WORK_OF_ART
off	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bus	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
"	O
Ticket	B-WORK_OF_ART
Window	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
there	O
is	O
something	O
at	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
fiction	O
which	O
has	O
not	O
changed	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
introduction	O
to	O
Letting	B-WORK_OF_ART
Them	I-WORK_OF_ART
Go	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
Huang	B-PERSON
mentions	O
his	O
deep	O
distress	O
at	O
the	O
plight	O
of	O
the	O
elderly	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
today	B-TIME
,	O
notes	O
that	O
he	O
himself	O
is	O
just	O
beginning	O
to	O
enter	O
his	O
twilight	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
compares	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
callous	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
elderly	O
to	O
the	O
way	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
elderly	O
were	O
left	O
to	O
live	O
or	O
die	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
in	O
the	O
mountains	O
in	O
You	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shan	I-WORK_OF_ART
Jie	I-WORK_OF_ART
Kao	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


All	O
of	O
this	O
could	O
very	O
easily	O
give	O
the	O
reader	O
the	O
mistaken	O
impression	O
that	O
Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
vision	O
of	O
the	O
elderly	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
development	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
is	O
simply	O
not	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


In	O
Letting	B-WORK_OF_ART
Them	I-WORK_OF_ART
Go	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
what	O
we	O
are	O
actually	O
seeing	O
is	O
the	O
rebirth	O
of	O
Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
original	O
passion	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
any	O
change	O
in	O
his	O
portrayal	O
of	O
old	O
people	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
37	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
is	O
only	O
in	O
perspective	O
.	O


He	O
used	O
to	O
write	O
of	O
grandfathers	O
from	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
of	O
grandsons	O
.	O


Now	O
he	O
is	O
a	O
grandfather	O
himself	O
.	O


Huang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ming	I-PERSON
has	O
often	O
discussed	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
raised	O
largely	O
by	O
his	O
grandparents	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
an	O
unusually	O
close	O
relationship	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


This	O
background	O
accounts	O
for	O
the	O
unique	O
"	O
generation	O
gap	O
"	O
approach	O
utilized	O
by	O
Huang	B-PERSON
in	O
his	O
fiction	O
.	O


Each	O
of	O
Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
works	O
describes	O
a	O
particular	O
person	O
or	O
thing	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
an	O
"	O
implied	O
reader	O
"	O
at	O
which	O
it	O
is	O
directed	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
"	O
generation	O
gap	O
"	O
separated	O
him	O
from	O
the	O
people	O
he	O
was	O
writing	O
about	O
-	O
people	O
of	O
his	O
grandparents	O
'	O
generation	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
generations	O
removed	O
from	O
his	O
own	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
this	O
"	O
generation	O
gap	O
"	O
stands	O
between	O
him	O
and	O
the	O
"	O
implied	O
reader	O
"	O
of	O
his	O
fiction	O
-	O
children	O
of	O
his	O
grandchildren	O
's	O
generation	O
who	O
are	O
ignorant	O
of	O
traditional	O
wisdom	O
.	O


Another	O
aspect	O
of	O
Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
work	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
presents	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
characteristics	O
sociology	O
attributes	O
to	O
relationships	O
between	O
people	O
two	B-CARDINAL
generations	O
removed	O
from	O
one	O
another	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
such	O
relationships	O
are	O
not	O
usually	O
as	O
tense	O
,	O
direct	O
or	O
hurried	O
as	O
those	O
between	O
parents	O
and	O
children	O
because	O
grandparents	O
are	O
not	O
as	O
busy	O
as	O
parents	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
less	O
responsibility	O
to	O
supervise	O
and	O
teach	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
difficulties	O
in	O
communication	O
between	O
grandparents	O
and	O
grandchildren	O
frequently	O
arise	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
very	O
different	O
modes	O
of	O
expression	O
employed	O
by	O
each	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
typically	O
more	O
miscommunications	O
in	O
such	O
relationships	O
than	O
there	O
are	O
between	O
parents	O
and	O
their	O
children	O
.	O


A	O
soft	O
heart	O


Viewing	O
Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
fiction	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
perhaps	O
more	O
clearly	O
see	O
wherein	O
lies	O
its	O
charm	O
.	O


Huang	B-PERSON
is	O
never	O
derisive	O
or	O
critical	O
of	O
his	O
elderly	O
characters	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
compare	O
him	O
to	O
other	O
Nativist	B-NORP
writers	O
who	O
address	O
the	O
tragedy	O
of	O
the	O
rural	O
elderly	O
unable	O
to	O
adapt	O
to	O
the	O
modern	O
industrial	O
world	O
,	O
we	O
note	O
that	O
Huang	B-PERSON
is	O
reluctant	O
to	O
expose	O
his	O
elderly	O
characters	O
to	O
unmitigated	O
suffering	O
.	O


Other	O
Nativist	B-NORP
writers	O
use	O
stories	O
of	O
suffering	O
and	O
pitiable	O
elderly	O
persons	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
case	O
for	O
reform	O
.	O


Huang	B-PERSON
takes	O
a	O
much	O
gentler	O
approach	O
-	O
not	O
because	O
he	O
thinks	O
the	O
modern	O
world	O
a	O
perfect	O
place	O
,	O
but	O
because	O
he	O
can	O
not	O
bear	O
to	O
be	O
so	O
harsh	O
.	O


Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
tender	O
-	O
heartedness	O
is	O
apparent	O
to	O
the	O
reader	O
of	O
his	O
work	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
fiction	O
,	O
Huang	B-PERSON
is	O
both	O
more	O
sensitive	O
to	O
and	O
places	O
greater	O
importance	O
on	O
the	O
elderly	O
's	O
haphazard	O
means	O
of	O
expressing	O
affection	O
than	O
are	O
other	O
Nativist	B-NORP
writers	O
.	O


"	O
Fish	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
one	O
of	O
his	O
early	O
works	O
,	O
has	O
become	O
very	O
widely	O
known	O
since	O
being	O
incorporated	O
into	O
the	O
national	O
middle	O
-	O
school	O
literature	O
curriculum	O
.	O


The	O
story	O
describes	O
an	O
unexpected	O
conflict	O
that	O
arises	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
misunderstanding	O
between	O
a	O
child	O
and	O
a	O
grandfather	O
who	O
care	O
deeply	O
for	O
one	O
another	O
.	O


Similar	O
sorts	O
of	O
emotions	O
are	O
expressed	O
in	O
"	O
Letting	B-WORK_OF_ART
Them	I-WORK_OF_ART
Go	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
later	O
story	O
,	O
the	O
elderly	O
Ah	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
inexplicably	O
goes	O
out	O
and	O
catches	O
an	O
egret	O
,	O
then	O
just	O
as	O
inexplicably	O
lets	O
it	O
go	O
.	O


Both	O
of	O
these	O
actions	O
are	O
indirect	O
expressions	O
of	O
a	O
deep	O
love	O
he	O
can	O
not	O
give	O
voice	O
to	O
yet	O
nonetheless	O
feels	O
for	O
his	O
son	O
Wen	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tung	I-PERSON
.	O


A	O
smile	O
and	O
a	O
tear	O


When	O
Huang	B-PERSON
writes	O
of	O
sad	O
events	O
,	O
his	O
readers	O
'	O
eyes	O
really	O
do	O
fill	O
with	O
tears	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
exceptional	O
thing	O
about	O
Huang	B-PERSON
as	O
a	O
writer	O
is	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
satisfied	O
with	O
making	O
his	O
readers	O
cry	O
.	O


He	O
wants	O
every	O
tear	O
that	O
falls	O
to	O
be	O
accompanied	O
by	O
a	O
small	O
smile	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
have	O
it	O
both	O
ways	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
deep	O
and	O
tender	O
sympathy	O
of	O
his	O
work	O
.	O


The	O
stories	O
in	O
Letting	B-WORK_OF_ART
Them	I-WORK_OF_ART
Go	I-WORK_OF_ART
are	O
filled	O
with	O
elderly	O
characters	O
.	O


Some	O
are	O
ignorant	O
and	O
suffer	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
old	O
woman	O
of	O
"	O
Cheng	B-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
tsai	I-WORK_OF_ART
Gets	I-WORK_OF_ART
off	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bus	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


But	O
more	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
protagonist	O
of	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Irrational	I-WORK_OF_ART
Old	I-WORK_OF_ART
Man	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
full	O
of	O
a	O
wisdom	O
unsuited	O
to	O
the	O
times	O
in	O
which	O
they	O
live	O
.	O


Their	O
tragedy	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
out	O
of	O
step	O
with	O
the	O
times	O
,	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
adapt	O
to	O
this	O
cold	O
and	O
chaotic	O
new	O
society	O
.	O


The	O
comedy	O
of	O
their	O
predicament	O
grows	O
out	O
of	O
their	O
unwillingness	O
to	O
let	O
go	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
old	O
"	O
wisdom	O
and	O
"	O
old	O
"	O
ways	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
treasured	O
for	O
so	O
long	O
,	O
out	O
of	O
their	O
flaunting	O
of	O
this	O
"	O
old	O
"	O
knowledge	O
,	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
their	O
use	O
of	O
their	O
"	O
old	O
"	O
assumptions	O
to	O
guess	O
their	O
way	O
through	O
the	O
"	O
new	O
"	O
world	O
.	O


Their	O
guesses	O
are	O
all	O
wrong	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
their	O
creation	O
of	O
misunderstanding	O
upon	O
misunderstanding	O
,	O
we	O
see	O
a	O
different	O
kind	O
of	O
dignity	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
this	O
"	O
old	O
"	O
wisdom	O
and	O
these	O
"	O
old	O
"	O
ways	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
see	O
a	O
light	O
that	O
time	O
can	O
not	O
dim	O
.	O


Title	O
:	O
Letting	B-WORK_OF_ART
Them	I-WORK_OF_ART
Go	I-WORK_OF_ART


Author	O
:	O
Huang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ming	I-PERSON


Publisher	O
:	O
Unitas	B-ORG


Length	O
:	O
250	B-CARDINAL
pages	O


Price	O
:	O
NT$	B-MONEY
220	I-MONEY


p.	O
55	B-CARDINAL


The	O
rural	O
elderly	O
are	O
the	O
protagonists	O
of	O
Letting	B-WORK_OF_ART
Them	I-WORK_OF_ART
Go	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
characters	O
bring	O
both	O
a	O
smile	O
to	O
the	O
lips	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
tear	O
to	O
the	O
eye	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Sinorama	B-ORG
file	O
photo	O
-RRB-	O


Taiwanese	B-NORP
TV	O
Gets	O
Taiwanized	O
!	O


Eric	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Newell	I-PERSON


Recently	O
the	O
8:00	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
serials	O
being	O
shown	O
on	O
television	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
shown	O
a	O
trend	O
toward	O
"	O
Taiwanization	O
.	O
"	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
main	O
broadcast	O
stations	O
are	O
showing	O
prime	O
-	O
time	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
are	O
pulling	O
in	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
quarters	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
viewing	O
audience	O
.	O


Of	O
these	O
programs	O
,	O
Fortune	B-WORK_OF_ART
is	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Heaven	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hands	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
broadcast	O
by	O
Formosa	B-ORG
Television	I-ORG
,	O
stands	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
heap	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
said	O
that	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
pop	O
music	O
,	O
prime	O
-	O
time	O
TV	O
serials	O
are	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
elements	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
popular	O
culture	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
reflect	O
social	O
trends	O
.	O


What	O
then	O
is	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
-LRB-	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
mainly	O
in	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
dialect	O
and	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
distinctly	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
-	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
"	O
mainlander	O
"	O
-	O
characters	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
contemporary	O
society	O
and	O
culture	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
?	O


Do	O
these	O
shows	O
reflect	O
the	O
real	O
lives	O
and	O
aspirations	O
of	O
the	O
audience	O
?	O


And	O
what	O
kinds	O
of	O
limitations	O
exist	O
?	O


"	O
Mama	O
!	O


Do	O
n't	O
beat	O
me	O
any	O
more	O
!	O


Mama	O
!	O
"	O


Little	O
Ho	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ho	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
student	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Yungho	I-ORG
Wanghsi	I-ORG
Primary	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
showing	O
off	O
to	O
his	O
aunt	O
some	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
language	O
lines	O
he	O
learned	O
from	O
television	O
.	O


Ho	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ho	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
typical	O
child	O
of	O
a	O
northern	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
mainlander	O
family	O
-LRB-	O
i.e.	O
a	O
family	O
which	O
came	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
from	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
only	O
after	O
WWII	B-EVENT
-RRB-	O
.	O


Because	O
he	O
spoke	O
only	O
Mandarin	B-LANGUAGE
Chinese	I-LANGUAGE
at	O
home	O
and	O
at	O
school	O
,	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
really	O
know	O
any	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
until	O
recently	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
his	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
has	O
improved	O
dramatically	O
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
the	O
8:00	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
serials	O
.	O


Ho	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ho	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
guardian	O
,	O
his	O
aunt	O
Tsui	B-PERSON
Mei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lan	I-PERSON
,	O
bemoans	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
"	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
prime	O
-	O
time	O
shows	O
are	O
violent	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
the	O
love	O
stories	O
have	O
people	O
constantly	O
slapping	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
arguing	O
violently	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
are	O
really	O
not	O
suitable	O
for	O
small	O
children	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
when	O
Ho	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ho	I-PERSON
told	O
her	O
that	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
watch	O
these	O
programs	O
every	O
evening	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
learn	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
Tsui	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
all	O
her	O
life	O
has	O
experienced	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
not	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
speak	O
or	O
understand	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
found	O
it	O
hard	O
to	O
refuse	O
.	O


The	O
child	O
's	O
rapid	O
success	O
at	O
picking	O
up	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
has	O
amazed	O
her	O
.	O


The	O
revival	O
of	O
reality	O


Little	O
Ho	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ho	I-PERSON
's	O
line	O
-	O
"	O
Do	O
n't	O
beat	O
me	O
any	O
more	O
!	O
"	O
-	O
reflects	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
common	O
themes	O
of	O
TV	O
shows	O
done	O
in	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


Beating	O
of	O
children	O
,	O
often	O
by	O
an	O
evil	O
stepmother	O
,	O
is	O
not	O
unusual	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
because	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
are	O
especially	O
firm	O
believers	O
in	O
corporal	O
punishment	O
.	O


Rather	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O
is	O
a	O
"	O
trademark	O
"	O
that	O
has	O
become	O
attached	O
to	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
its	O
history	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
"	O
nativist	O
drama	O
"	O
has	O
escaped	O
the	O
stereotypical	O
setting	O
of	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
countryside	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
and	O
increasingly	O
focuses	O
on	O
contemporary	O
urban	O
life	O
,	O
such	O
provocative	O
scenes	O
-	O
playing	O
to	O
elemental	O
emotions	O
to	O
pull	O
on	O
the	O
heart	O
-	O
strings	O
-	O
are	O
still	O
common	O
.	O


"	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
serials	O
depict	O
the	O
daily	O
life	O
of	O
ordinary	O
people	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
do	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
development	O
process	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Ko	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fen	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
associate	O
professor	O
of	O
mass	O
communications	O
at	O
Shih	B-ORG
Hsin	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
who	O
has	O
done	O
a	O
study	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
TV	O
drama	O
.	O


"	O
And	O
now	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
trend	O
in	O
society	O
of	O
reviving	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
as	O
the	O
mother	O
tongue	O
,	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
has	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
leap	O
into	O
prime	O
time	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
mainstream	O
offering	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
years	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
8:00	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
time	O
slot	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
the	O
flagship	O
and	O
leading	O
money	O
maker	O
for	O
television	O
stations	O
.	O


For	O
a	O
program	O
to	O
get	O
into	O
this	O
slot	O
,	O
besides	O
being	O
commercially	O
viable	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
it	O
also	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
politically	O
correct	O
.	O


This	O
used	O
to	O
mean	O
:	O
"	O
No	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
.	O
"	O


Because	O
the	O
government	O
wanted	O
to	O
promote	O
Mandarin	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
was	O
officially	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
rustic	O
dialect	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
never	O
eligible	O
for	O
prime	O
time	O
.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
government	O
-	O
run	O
television	O
stations	O
of	O
that	O
era	O
-	O
China	B-ORG
Television	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
CTV	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Chinese	B-ORG
Television	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
CTS	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
Taiwan	B-ORG
Television	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
TTV	O
-RRB-	O
-	O
had	O
a	O
tacit	O
agreement	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
only	O
show	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
programs	O
at	O
noon	B-TIME
or	O
in	O
the	O
6:30	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
time	O
slot	O
,	O
when	O
most	O
viewers	O
would	O
be	O
housewives	O
and	O
elderly	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
programming	O
for	O
these	O
time	O
slots	O
was	O
low	O
-	O
budget	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
subject	O
matter	O
limited	O
to	O
ordinary	O
life	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
unsophisticated	O
rural	O
past	O
,	O
mostly	O
tragic	O
tales	O
of	O
mistreated	O
daughters	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
and	O
the	O
like	O
,	O
or	O
family	O
comedies	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
gave	O
people	O
the	O
impression	O
of	O
being	O
lowbrow	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
not	O
until	O
1990	B-DATE
,	O
with	O
the	O
broadcasting	O
of	O
the	O
series	O
Love	B-WORK_OF_ART
on	O
CTS	B-ORG
,	O
that	O
the	O
prime	O
-	O
time	O
language	O
taboo	O
was	O
even	O
partly	O
challenged	O
.	O


This	O
series	O
also	O
raised	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
,	O
and	O
planted	O
the	O
seeds	O
for	O
future	O
efforts	O
.	O


The	O
show	O
was	O
set	O
against	O
the	O
background	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
August	I-EVENT
7th	I-EVENT
Flood	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
1959	I-EVENT
.	O


The	O
story	O
portrayed	O
how	O
some	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
and	O
mainlanders	O
went	O
from	O
mutual	O
misunderstanding	O
to	O
mutual	O
forgiveness	O
.	O


The	O
performers	O
spoke	O
in	O
both	O
Mandarin	B-LANGUAGE
and	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


Because	O
the	O
language	O
taboo	O
has	O
long	O
carried	O
heavy	O
political	O
undertones	O
-	O
the	O
opposition	O
has	O
always	O
preferred	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
the	O
ruling	O
party	O
has	O
,	O
until	O
recently	O
,	O
almost	O
exclusively	O
favored	O
Mandarin	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
the	O
producers	O
invited	O
many	O
people	O
from	O
the	O
arts	O
community	O
to	O
confirm	O
that	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
was	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
program	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
dispel	O
the	O
suspicions	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
would	O
see	O
political	O
motives	O
behind	O
language	O
choice	O
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
the	O
effort	O
was	O
less	O
than	O
a	O
complete	O
success	O
.	O


For	O
one	O
thing	O
,	O
stereotypes	O
remained	O
strong	O
,	O
and	O
Love	B-WORK_OF_ART
still	O
retained	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
traditions	O
,	O
being	O
a	O
tragic	O
small	O
family	O
drama	O
focusing	O
on	O
a	O
young	O
bride	O
facing	O
hard	O
times	O
after	O
moving	O
into	O
the	O
husband	O
's	O
home	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
opposition	O
from	O
high	O
officials	O
at	O
the	O
television	O
network	O
,	O
after	O
several	O
episodes	O
,	O
the	O
performers	O
who	O
had	O
previously	O
spoken	O
in	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
had	O
their	O
dialogue	O
changed	O
to	O
"	O
Mandarin	B-LANGUAGE
with	O
a	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
accent	O
.	O
"	O


However	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
plot	O
was	O
realistic	O
,	O
ratings	O
were	O
unprecedented	O
,	O
and	O
Love	B-WORK_OF_ART
even	O
defeated	O
Widow	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Watch	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
novel	O
by	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
produced	O
by	O
,	O
the	O
vastly	O
popular	O
romance	O
writer	O
Chiung	B-PERSON
Yao	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
broadcast	O
on	O
CTV	B-ORG
.	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
many	O
commentators	O
suggested	O
that	O
Love	B-WORK_OF_ART
was	O
successful	O
largely	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


But	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Ling	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ling	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
script	O
writer	O
for	O
Widow	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Watch	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
real	O
reason	O
Love	B-WORK_OF_ART
succeeded	O
was	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
realistic	O
depiction	O
of	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
.	O


Her	O
opinion	O
is	O
that	O
"	O
love	O
stories	O
involving	O
constant	O
hitting	O
and	O
screaming	O
and	O
dramatic	O
twists	O
and	O
turns	O
are	O
not	O
the	O
stuff	O
of	O
real	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
Chiung	B-PERSON
Yao	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
series	O
departed	O
too	O
far	O
from	O
reality	O
.	O


This	O
in	O
fact	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
chronic	O
problem	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
dramatic	O
serials	O
.	O
"	O


Love	B-WORK_OF_ART
succeeded	O
largely	O
because	O
it	O
wedded	O
realism	O
to	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
subject	O
matter	O
.	O


Politics	O
in	O
command	O
?	O


However	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
series	O
was	O
popular	O
,	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
immediately	O
spark	O
a	O
wave	O
of	O
enthusiasm	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
subject	O
matter	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
around	O
that	O
time	O
adopted	O
a	O
policy	O
of	O
allowing	O
producers	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
film	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
sudden	O
craze	O
for	O
martial	O
arts	O
series	O
and	O
love	O
stories	O
framed	O
against	O
a	O
mainland	O
backdrop	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
television	O
stations	O
and	O
producers	O
had	O
awakened	O
to	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
an	O
audience	O
for	O
"	O
nativist	B-NORP
"	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
.	O


After	O
the	B-EVENT
Qingdao	I-EVENT
Lake	I-EVENT
incident	I-EVENT
in	O
1994	B-DATE
,	O
"	O
mainland	O
fever	O
"	O
plummeted	O
,	O
and	O
nativist	B-NORP
stories	O
using	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
once	B-ORDINAL
again	O
saw	O
their	O
star	O
rising	O
.	O


This	O
time	O
they	O
went	O
right	O
at	O
major	O
political	O
taboos	O
like	O
the	B-EVENT
February	I-EVENT
28	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
1947	I-EVENT
.	O


Writer	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Ling	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ling	I-PERSON
used	O
the	B-EVENT
White	I-EVENT
Terror	I-EVENT
as	O
subject	O
matter	O
to	O
write	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
major	O
nativist	B-NORP
prime	O
-	O
time	O
drama	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
television	O
history	O
-	O
Taiwan	B-WORK_OF_ART
Outlaws	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Marsh	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


It	O
was	O
so	O
popular	O
that	O
its	O
producer	O
,	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
liang	I-PERSON
,	O
ended	O
up	O
making	O
a	O
trilogy	O
around	O
the	O
same	O
theme	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
explains	O
:	O
"	O
I	O
always	O
want	O
to	O
write	O
a	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
against	O
the	O
backdrop	O
of	O
great	O
events	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-EVENT
February	I-EVENT
28	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
was	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
just	O
beginning	O
to	O
get	O
intensive	O
open	O
discussion	O
,	O
so	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
commercial	O
viability	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
"	O


Owing	O
to	O
the	O
series	O
'	O
popularity	O
,	O
lead	O
actor	O
Lun	B-PERSON
Hsiao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON
has	O
become	O
a	O
major	O
television	O
star	O
,	O
while	O
female	O
lead	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Mei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
feng	I-PERSON
established	O
her	O
image	O
as	O
a	O
traditional	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
woman	O
of	O
gentility	O
and	O
virtue	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
since	O
gotten	O
numerous	O
roles	O
and	O
television	O
commercials	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
says	O
Lin	B-PERSON
with	O
a	O
laugh	O
,	O
things	O
did	O
n't	O
go	O
exactly	O
as	O
she	O
expected	O
.	O


"	O
Because	O
the	O
writer	O
,	O
director	O
,	O
and	O
actors	O
all	O
had	O
different	O
political	O
orientations	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
several	O
episodes	O
which	O
laid	O
out	O
the	O
background	O
of	O
the	O
era	O
were	O
produced	O
,	O
the	O
plot	O
shifted	O
toward	O
traditional	O
family	O
relations	O
and	O
romance	O
,	O
along	O
the	O
lines	O
of	O
the	O
typical	O
prime	O
-	O
time	O
serial	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
series	O
was	O
nonetheless	O
a	O
watershed	O
.	O


Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
was	O
no	O
longer	O
taboo	O
,	O
and	O
indeed	O
identification	O
with	O
"	O
Taiwanese-ness	O
"	O
came	O
to	O
be	O
highly	O
admired	O
.	O


Ko	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fen	I-PERSON
states	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
difficult	O
to	O
understand	O
these	O
trends	O
against	O
the	O
backdrop	O
of	O
society	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-WORK_OF_ART
Outlaws	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Marsh	I-WORK_OF_ART
was	O
broadcast	O
just	O
after	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
direct	O
popular	O
elections	O
for	O
municipal	O
mayors	O
and	O
provincial	O
governor	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
"	O
underground	O
"	O
call	O
-	O
in	O
television	O
programs	O
were	O
at	O
their	O
peak	O
of	O
popularity	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
discussion	O
of	O
"	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
identity	O
"	O
was	O
at	O
a	O
fever	O
pitch	O
.	O


Hsu	B-PERSON
Hsiao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tsu	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
aide	O
to	O
the	O
legislative	O
caucus	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Progressive	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
recalls	O
that	O
although	O
Taiwan	B-WORK_OF_ART
Outlaws	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Marsh	I-WORK_OF_ART
did	O
not	O
go	O
very	O
deeply	O
into	O
the	O
historical	O
facts	O
and	O
controversies	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
February	I-EVENT
28	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
,	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
friends	O
,	O
enthusiastic	O
student	O
activists	O
in	O
the	O
opposition	O
movement	O
,	O
felt	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
of	O
great	O
symbolic	O
importance	O
that	O
prime	O
-	O
time	O
television	O
-	O
which	O
had	O
always	O
represented	O
conservative	O
values	O
-	O
was	O
broadcasting	O
a	O
series	O
on	O
this	O
subject	O
using	O
both	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
and	O
Mandarin	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


He	O
laughs	O
,	O
"	O
Even	O
though	O
I	O
usually	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
interest	O
in	O
watching	O
TV	O
,	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
we	O
tuned	O
in	O
at	O
eight	O
sharp	O
every	O
night	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
moral	O
support	O
.	O
"	O


Ko	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fen	I-PERSON
says	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
times	O
have	O
changed	O
.	O


Linguistic	O
and	O
historical	O
conditions	O
politicized	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
.	O


There	O
had	O
always	O
been	O
controversy	O
over	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
political	O
significance	O
faded	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
daughter	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
series	O
beginning	O
in	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
became	O
embroiled	O
in	O
a	O
very	O
different	O
controversy	O
-	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
oversimplified	O
and	O
stereotypical	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
clock	O
had	O
been	O
turned	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
early	O
days	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
language	O
programming	O
.	O


The	O
daughter	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
series	O
was	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
all	O
-	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
language	O
stories	O
broadcast	O
by	O
CTS	B-ORG
,	O
describing	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
daughters	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
and	O
mothers	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
traditional	O
rural	O
society	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
the	O
series	O
,	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Astonishing	I-WORK_OF_ART
Daughter	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Law	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
got	O
an	O
enthusiastic	O
audience	O
response	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
show	O
,	O
which	O
like	O
all	O
prime	O
-	O
time	O
serials	O
was	O
broadcast	O
nightly	O
Monday	B-DATE
to	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
lasted	O
for	O
nearly	O
a	O
year	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
hard	O
-	O
pressed	O
daughter	O
in	O
law	O


The	O
story	O
of	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Astonishing	I-WORK_OF_ART
Daughter	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Law	I-WORK_OF_ART
is	O
quite	O
simple	O
.	O


The	O
daughter	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
,	O
played	O
by	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yen	I-PERSON
,	O
is	O
mistreated	O
by	O
her	O
mother	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
with	O
outsiders	O
butting	O
in	O
and	O
causing	O
trouble	O
,	O
she	O
gets	O
abused	O
from	O
beginning	O
to	O
end	O
.	O


Yet	O
she	O
maintains	O
her	O
traditional	O
womanly	O
virtues	O
,	O
never	O
fights	O
back	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
is	O
rewarded	O
with	O
a	O
happy	O
ending	O
.	O


Although	O
Chang	B-PERSON
does	O
not	O
speak	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
very	O
well	O
,	O
her	O
pitiable	O
demeanor	O
won	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
sympathy	O
from	O
the	O
audience	O
.	O


Juan	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jung	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Changhua	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
civil	O
servant	O
and	O
longtime	O
fan	O
of	O
TV	O
serials	O
,	O
says	O
critically	O
,	O
"	O
It	O
drove	O
me	O
nuts	O
watching	O
the	O
daughter	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
just	O
sit	O
there	O
and	O
take	O
abuse	O
from	O
her	O
mother	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
day	O
in	O
and	O
day	O
out	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
the	O
costumes	O
and	O
sets	O
were	O
so	O
crude	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
from	O
a	O
typical	O
6:30	B-TIME
show	O
.	O
"	O


Yet	O
,	O
she	O
says	O
,	O
her	O
grandmother	O
was	O
in	O
tears	O
every	O
day	O
,	O
explaining	O
that	O
young	O
women	O
today	B-TIME
could	O
never	O
understand	O
the	O
suffering	O
and	O
indignities	O
endured	O
by	O
daughters	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


Ko	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fen	I-PERSON
ascribes	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
the	O
daughter	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
series	O
to	O
several	O
factors	O
:	O


"	O
By	O
playing	O
on	O
people	O
's	O
heart	O
strings	O
,	O
using	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
,	O
and	O
being	O
set	O
against	O
the	O
background	O
of	O
that	O
bitter	O
era	O
,	O
the	O
daughter	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
series	O
brought	O
together	O
all	O
the	O
traditional	O
elements	O
of	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
addition	O
added	O
new	O
structure	O
and	O
packaging	O
,	O
and	O
integrated	O
the	O
spiciness	O
and	O
conflict	O
typical	O
of	O
an	O
8:00	B-TIME
show	O
.	O


No	O
wonder	O
it	O
was	O
so	O
successful	O
.	O
"	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Ling	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ling	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
criticism	O
of	O
8:00	B-TIME
serials	O
for	O
being	O
melodramatic	O
is	O
certainly	O
not	O
without	O
foundation	O
,	O
yet	O
,	O
however	O
people	O
may	O
criticize	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
still	O
viewers	O
who	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
enough	O
.	O


The	O
audience	O
is	O
composed	O
mainly	O
of	O
older	O
folk	O
and	O
housewives	O
.	O


In	O
general	O
,	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
watch	O
something	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
really	O
think	O
too	O
much	O
about	O
.	O


The	O
simpler	O
the	O
characters	O
and	O
the	O
plot	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
more	O
conflict	O
there	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
better	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
adds	O
that	O
intellectuals	O
criticize	O
such	O
shows	O
but	O
in	O
fact	O
do	O
n't	O
watch	O
TV	O
.	O


Television	O
stations	O
have	O
always	O
based	O
their	O
decisions	O
on	O
ratings	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
virtually	O
impossible	O
to	O
expect	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
change	O
a	O
proven	O
formula	O
.	O


"	O
Rather	O
than	O
say	O
that	O
serials	O
are	O
a	O
mirror	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
people	O
identify	O
with	O
the	O
characters	O
in	O
these	O
dramas	O
even	O
if	O
their	O
own	O
lives	O
are	O
not	O
as	O
dramatic	O
.	O
"	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
terms	O
used	O
by	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Yen	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
professor	O
in	O
the	O
department	O
of	O
broadcasting	O
and	O
television	O
at	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchi	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


This	O
is	O
particularly	O
the	O
case	O
for	O
older	O
people	O
and	O
housewives	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
formula	O
for	O
success	O
revolves	O
around	O
romance	O
or	O
family	O
relations	O
.	O


For	O
dramatic	O
effect	O
,	O
there	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
elements	O
of	O
hatred	O
or	O
revenge	O
,	O
and	O
usually	O
one	O
irredeemably	O
evil	O
character	O
whose	O
purpose	O
is	O
to	O
create	O
obstacles	O
to	O
the	O
romantic	O
or	O
career	O
success	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
character	O
.	O


The	O
focus	O
is	O
extremely	O
narrow	O
-	O
personal	O
achievement	O
.	O


Social	O
issues	O
serve	O
only	O
as	O
background	O
or	O
embellishment	O
.	O


The	O
daughter	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
series	O
precisely	O
fits	O
this	O
structure	O
.	O


Realistic	O
fashion	O


After	O
the	O
daughter	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
series	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
uniformity	O
in	O
dramatic	O
serials	O
all	O
following	O
the	O
trend	O
.	O


Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
went	O
into	O
a	O
steady	O
decline	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
just	O
when	O
things	O
looked	O
bleakest	O
,	O
nativist	B-NORP
drama	O
began	O
to	O
break	O
out	O
of	O
its	O
previous	O
framework	O
with	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
river	O
of	O
time	O
"	O
structure	O
,	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
cross-generational	O
story	O
depicting	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
social	O
evolution	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
format	O
incorporates	O
the	O
rural	O
themes	O
of	O
traditional	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
stories	O
evolve	O
with	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
portray	O
modern	O
urban	O
life	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
has	O
this	O
format	O
given	O
new	O
life	O
to	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
also	O
pioneered	O
an	O
entirely	O
new	O
type	O
of	O
television	O
drama	O
-	O
contemporary	O
realism	O
.	O


Formosa	B-ORG
Television	I-ORG
had	O
enthusiastic	O
audiences	O
for	O
Springtime	B-WORK_OF_ART
Stepmother	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Heart	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
character	O
of	O
actress	O
Pai	B-PERSON
Ping	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ping	I-PERSON
played	O
against	O
the	O
stereotype	O
of	O
the	O
abusive	O
stepmother	O
,	O
instead	O
being	O
a	O
woman	O
who	O
brings	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
her	O
own	O
children	O
into	O
a	O
marriage	O
into	O
a	O
wealthy	O
family	O
.	O


She	O
has	O
to	O
deal	O
on	O
the	O
one	O
hand	O
with	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
understanding	O
from	O
her	O
mother	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
look	O
after	O
four	B-CARDINAL
children	O
from	O
different	O
families	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
husband	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
wife	O
,	O
who	O
suffers	O
from	O
mental	O
illness	O
.	O


And	O
after	O
financial	O
setbacks	O
,	O
she	O
also	O
has	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
whole	O
family	O
.	O


Because	O
the	O
series	O
was	O
so	O
popular	O
,	O
FTV	B-ORG
seized	O
the	O
opportunity	O
and	O
presented	O
a	O
sequel	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
loves	O
and	O
hates	O
of	O
the	O
third	O
generation	O
,	O
which	O
,	O
as	O
expected	O
,	O
also	O
was	O
very	O
well	O
received	O
.	O


Springtime	B-WORK_OF_ART
Stepmother	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Heart	I-WORK_OF_ART
pulled	O
FTV	B-ORG
financially	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
red	O
and	O
into	O
the	O
black	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
considered	O
an	O
extremely	O
remarkable	O
event	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
television	O
history	O
.	O


Executive	O
chairman	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Kang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsin	I-PERSON
proudly	O
calls	O
the	O
new	O
format	O
developed	O
by	O
FTV	O
"	O
contemporary	O
drama	O
.	O
"	O


Lien	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yu	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
senior	O
reporter	O
covering	O
film	O
and	O
TV	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
explains	O
that	O
FTV	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
successful	O
in	O
the	O
8:00	B-TIME
time	O
slot	O
not	O
only	O
because	O
"	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
fits	O
right	O
in	O
with	O
the	O
trends	O
of	O
the	O
times	O
,	O
"	O
but	O
also	O
because	O
"	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
little	O
conversations	O
and	O
incidents	O
that	O
occur	O
in	O
everyday	O
life	O
makes	O
these	O
series	O
accessible	O
and	O
familiar	O
to	O
the	O
viewers	O
.	O
"	O


That	O
TV	O
stations	O
agree	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
from	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
offering	O
from	O
FTV	B-ORG
,	O
Fortune	B-WORK_OF_ART
is	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Heaven	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hands	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
which	O
offers	O
a	O
realistic	O
depiction	O
of	O
urban	O
life	O
.	O


Fortune	O
is	O
also	O
cross-generational	O
.	O


The	O
story	O
begins	O
with	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
the	O
husband	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
female	O
character	O
.	O


She	O
struggles	O
to	O
raise	O
her	O
infant	O
son	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
frequent	O
target	O
of	O
criticism	O
from	O
her	O
mother	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
.	O


The	O
son	O
then	O
grows	O
into	O
adulthood	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
feelings	O
-	O
gratitude	O
,	O
revenge	O
,	O
love	O
,	O
hate	O
-	O
of	O
the	O
older	O
generation	O
carry	O
on	O
into	O
the	O
younger	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
city	O
the	O
children	O
help	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
compete	O
against	O
each	O
other	O
as	O
the	O
story	O
grows	O
increasingly	O
explosive	O
.	O


The	O
combination	O
of	O
traditional	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
and	O
contemporary	O
factors	O
has	O
made	O
the	O
show	O
a	O
hit	O
.	O


Lien	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yu	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
recently	O
three	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
broadcast	O
stations	O
have	O
been	O
showing	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
,	O
but	O
FTV	B-ORG
's	O
ratings	O
stand	O
alone	O
,	O
far	O
ahead	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
others	O
.	O


A	O
show	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
popular	O
simply	O
by	O
using	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
,	O
she	O
says	O
-	O
the	O
audience	O
must	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
identify	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
how	O
the	O
series	O
Real	B-WORK_OF_ART
Love	I-WORK_OF_ART
from	O
Hong	B-ORG
Kong	I-ORG
cable	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
has	O
stayed	O
so	O
popular	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
run	O
uninterrupted	O
for	O
several	O
years	O
.	O


ON	B-ORG
programming	I-ORG


The	O
success	O
of	O
serials	O
means	O
that	O
TV	O
stations	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
just	O
keep	O
on	O
cranking	O
them	O
out	O
,	O
broadcasting	O
episodes	O
as	O
quickly	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
shot	O
.	O


This	O
special	O
feature	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
8:00	B-TIME
time	O
slot	O
means	O
that	O
one	O
can	O
naturally	O
not	O
be	O
too	O
picky	O
about	O
quality	O
.	O


Lu	B-PERSON
Hsiao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fen	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
film	O
star	O
who	O
has	O
won	O
numerous	O
awards	O
at	O
the	O
Golden	B-EVENT
Horse	I-EVENT
and	O
Asia	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Pacific	I-EVENT
film	I-EVENT
festivals	I-EVENT
and	O
who	O
has	O
recently	O
jumped	O
into	O
prime	O
time	O
as	O
the	O
female	O
lead	O
in	O
Fortune	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
explains	O
:	O
"	O
They	O
have	O
a	O
special	O
name	O
for	O
shows	O
that	O
are	O
being	O
broadcast	O
episode	O
by	O
episode	O
as	O
each	O
one	O
is	O
shot	O
:	O
'	O
ON	O
programming	O
.	O
'	O


It	O
is	O
common	O
for	O
an	O
episode	O
finished	O
today	B-TIME
to	O
be	O
shown	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
later	O
.	O
"	O


She	O
finds	O
this	O
situation	O
less	O
than	O
ideal	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
that	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
keep	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
audience	O
's	O
ever	O
-	O
changing	O
tastes	O
,	O
scripts	O
are	O
being	O
rewritten	O
right	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
last	O
minute	O
.	O


Naturally	O
television	O
actors	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
luxury	O
that	O
movie	O
actors	O
enjoy	O
of	O
allowing	O
themselves	O
time	O
to	O
slowly	O
get	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
frame	O
of	O
mind	O
for	O
a	O
role	O
or	O
scene	O
,	O
but	O
even	O
so	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
TV	O
actors	O
must	O
rely	O
almost	O
exclusively	O
on	O
dialogue	O
and	O
body	O
language	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
audience	O
's	O
attention	O
,	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
shooting	O
is	O
so	O
hurried	O
not	O
only	O
waters	O
down	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
performance	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
little	O
time	O
even	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
lines	O
right	O
.	O


Such	O
conditions	O
,	O
she	O
feels	O
,	O
make	O
for	O
productions	O
that	O
are	O
really	O
too	O
rough	O
around	O
the	O
edges	O
.	O


Chou	B-PERSON
You	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
produced	O
more	O
than	O
4,000	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
dramatic	O
series	O
for	O
television	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
prime	O
time	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
battlefield	O
for	O
television	O
stations	O
.	O


Sometimes	O
the	O
producer	O
ca	O
n't	O
call	O
the	O
shots	O
.	O


Personally	O
,	O
she	O
has	O
always	O
preferred	O
to	O
begin	O
broadcasting	O
only	O
after	O
the	O
entire	O
series	O
has	O
been	O
completed	O
,	O
to	O
ensure	O
quality	O
control	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
a	O
series	O
is	O
doing	O
well	O
,	O
the	O
station	O
will	O
want	O
to	O
extend	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
ratings	O
are	O
less	O
than	O
ideal	O
,	O
the	O
series	O
must	O
be	O
prepared	O
to	O
wrap	O
up	O
at	O
any	O
moment	O
.	O


The	O
series	O
on	O
which	O
Chou	B-PERSON
has	O
recently	O
been	O
working	O
had	O
the	O
final	O
rushes	O
confiscated	O
by	O
the	O
network	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
can	O
decide	O
how	O
to	O
edit	O
them	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
determine	O
how	O
long	O
the	O
series	O
will	O
actually	O
run	O
.	O


"	O
Even	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
when	O
it	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
,	O
"	O
she	O
says	O
with	O
exasperation	O
.	O


Pop	O
merchandise	O


April	B-PERSON
Chu	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
producer	O
of	O
Fortune	B-WORK_OF_ART
is	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Heaven	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hands	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
admits	O
that	O
ON	B-ORG
programming	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
real	O
bottleneck	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
quick	O
-	O
fix	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
practical	O
environment	O
being	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
people	O
will	O
simply	O
have	O
to	O
think	O
their	O
way	O
out	O
of	O
its	O
limitations	O
.	O


"	O
ON	B-ORG
programming	I-ORG
is	O
simply	O
the	O
way	O
Taiwan	O
television	O
works	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
station	O
strategy	O
is	O
set	O
up	O
that	O
way	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
unlikely	O
they	O
will	O
change	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
solution	O
is	O
through	O
restructuring	O
of	O
the	O
content	O
,	O
strengthening	O
the	O
rhythms	O
,	O
reducing	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
pointless	O
patter	O
to	O
draw	O
out	O
the	O
series	O
,	O
improving	O
the	O
dramatic	O
structure	O
,	O
and	O
adding	O
new	O
vitality	O
to	O
the	O
roles	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
how	O
?	O


She	O
takes	O
for	O
example	O
feminist	O
issues	O
,	O
about	O
which	O
she	O
is	O
particularly	O
concerned	O
.	O


Twenty	B-MONEY
years	I-MONEY
ago	I-MONEY
,	O
she	O
wrote	O
a	O
TV	O
serial	O
that	O
overturned	O
the	O
tradition	O
that	O
the	O
female	O
lead	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
chaste	O
,	O
unmarried	O
,	O
and	O
dependent	O
on	O
men	O
;	O
instead	O
her	O
female	O
lead	O
was	O
a	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
divorcee	O
with	O
children	O
and	O
a	O
relationship	O
with	O
a	O
younger	O
man	O
.	O


Society	O
was	O
shocked	O
from	O
top	O
to	O
bottom	O
.	O


Today	B-TIME
,	O
as	O
she	O
produces	O
Fortune	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
she	O
still	O
devotes	O
special	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
molding	O
of	O
the	O
women	O
's	O
roles	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
character	O
of	O
the	O
grandmother	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
daughter	O
,	O
she	O
insists	O
that	O
the	O
script	O
give	O
them	O
independent	O
and	O
strong	O
-	O
willed	O
vitality	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
,	O
"	O
Although	O
you	O
can	O
say	O
that	O
prime	O
time	O
serials	O
are	O
merchandise	O
and	O
not	O
art	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
present	O
up	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
date	O
positive	O
values	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
responsible	O
to	O
the	O
audience	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
also	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
continual	O
innovation	O
.	O
"	O


Developing	O
overseas	O
markets	O


Taiwanese	B-NORP
television	O
serials	O
have	O
always	O
sold	O
well	O
abroad	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
people	O
are	O
concerned	O
that	O
an	O
overemphasis	O
on	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
themes	O
and	O
language	O
will	O
stifle	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
overseas	O
sales	O
.	O


"	O
By	O
nature	O
,	O
television	O
drama	O
is	O
very	O
localized	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
cultural	O
differences	O
,	O
overseas	O
audiences	O
will	O
not	O
necessarily	O
like	O
the	O
same	O
things	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
audiences	O
do	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
reporter	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yu	I-PERSON
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
many	O
"	O
blue	O
-	O
chip	O
"	O
producers	O
who	O
control	O
overseas	O
copyrights	O
are	O
unwilling	O
to	O
touch	O
nativist	B-NORP
serials	O
.	O


They	O
prefer	O
to	O
do	O
martial	O
arts	O
or	O
love	O
stories	O
that	O
focus	O
on	O
no	O
particular	O
era	O
or	O
social	O
backdrop	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Ling	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ling	I-PERSON
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
believes	O
that	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
should	O
have	O
no	O
problems	O
holding	O
its	O
own	O
against	O
competition	O
from	O
other	O
areas	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
that	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
drama	O
generally	O
maintains	O
good	O
pacing	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
handle	O
dialogue	O
,	O
content	O
,	O
and	O
emotion	O
is	O
not	O
very	O
convincing	O
.	O


PRC	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
provides	O
dramas	O
which	O
interpret	O
actual	O
historical	O
events	O
-LRB-	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
historical	O
"	O
dramas	O
which	O
are	O
mainly	O
just	O
made	O
-	O
up	O
stories	O
in	O
period	O
costume	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
too	O
slow	O
-	O
moving	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
TV	O
relies	O
mostly	O
on	O
packaging	O
of	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
"	O
idols	O
,	O
"	O
with	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
effort	O
going	O
into	O
the	O
aesthetics	O
of	O
presentation	O
,	O
and	O
little	O
emphasis	O
on	O
storyline	O
.	O


Taiwan	O
television	O
drama	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
has	O
conflict	O
and	O
intensity	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
well	O
packaged	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
do	O
well	O
in	O
the	O
overseas	O
market	O
.	O


"	O
You	O
ca	O
n't	O
say	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
overseas	O
market	O
for	O
drama	O
just	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
nativist	B-NORP
Taiwanese	B-NORP
.	O


After	O
all	O
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
drama	O
series	O
have	O
dominated	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
market	O
for	O
years	O
,	O
yet	O
they	O
also	O
use	O
a	O
Chinese	B-LANGUAGE
dialect	O
-	O
Cantonese	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
and	O
are	O
also	O
set	O
against	O
the	O
backdrop	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
society	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
their	O
entertainment	O
industry	O
,	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
penetrate	O
everywhere	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Yen	I-PERSON
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
can	O
learn	O
from	O
this	O
experience	O
.	O


Talent	O
flow	O


As	O
interactions	O
between	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
PRC	B-ORG
have	O
grown	O
,	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
years	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
many	O
cases	O
of	O
cooperative	O
filming	O
involving	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
or	O
of	O
the	O
hiring	O
of	O
technicians	O
or	O
performers	O
from	O
one	O
area	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
another	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
martial	O
arts	O
dramas	O
of	O
Yang	B-PERSON
Pei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
pei	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
scripts	O
and	O
actors	O
come	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
director	O
and	O
the	O
costume	O
designer	O
are	O
from	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
series	O
are	O
filmed	O
in	O
the	O
PRC	B-ORG
using	O
mainland	O
technicians	O
.	O


Technically	O
speaking	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
extremely	O
well	O
done	O
.	O


The	O
same	O
goes	O
for	O
Chiung	B-PERSON
Yao	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
romantic	O
dramas	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
different	O
cultural	O
backgrounds	O
of	O
these	O
people	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
limits	O
to	O
cooperation	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
you	O
factor	O
in	O
political	O
considerations	O
,	O
that	O
makes	O
the	O
situation	O
even	O
more	O
complex	O
.	O


"	O
Cross-national	O
cooperation	O
is	O
the	O
fastest	O
way	O
to	O
get	O
an	O
infusion	O
of	O
fresh	O
blood	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
solution	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yu	I-PERSON
.	O


Recently	O
the	O
PRC	B-ORG
has	O
begun	O
to	O
limit	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
can	O
work	O
in	O
cooperative	O
projects	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
protect	O
its	O
own	O
TV	O
industry	O
,	O
and	O
sudden	O
changes	O
such	O
as	O
this	O
will	O
inevitably	O
have	O
an	O
impact	O
.	O


Prime	O
time	O
programming	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
a	O
weaver	O
of	O
dreams	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
audiences	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
huge	O
difference	O
between	O
today	O
's	O
society	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
30	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


If	O
the	O
dreams	O
woven	O
by	O
the	O
serials	O
stay	O
the	O
same	O
,	O
or	O
are	O
even	O
inferior	O
,	O
inevitably	O
the	O
audience	O
will	O
decline	O
.	O


Given	O
the	O
ever	O
growing	O
pluralization	O
of	O
society	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
these	O
shows	O
must	O
find	O
new	O
talent	O
,	O
overcome	O
formulaic	O
stories	O
,	O
and	O
halt	O
the	O
decline	O
in	O
audience	O
share	O
.	O


Those	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
must	O
figure	O
out	O
how	O
to	O
draw	O
people	O
back	O
.	O


p.	O
87	B-CARDINAL


So	O
-	O
called	O
"	O
ON	O
programming	O
"	O
-	O
meaning	O
that	O
series	O
episodes	O
are	O
shot	O
right	O
before	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
broadcast	O
-	O
is	O
a	O
special	O
feature	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
prime	O
-	O
time	O
televised	O
serials	O
.	O


The	O
advantage	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
story	O
can	O
be	O
changed	O
or	O
the	O
series	O
extended	O
or	O
shortened	O
depending	O
upon	O
ratings	O
.	O


The	O
disadvantage	O
is	O
that	O
quality	O
may	O
suffer	O
.	O


The	O
photo	O
below	O
shows	O
the	O
crew	O
of	O
the	O
series	O
Fortune	B-WORK_OF_ART
is	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Heaven	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hands	I-WORK_OF_ART
doing	O
an	O
all	O
-	O
nighter	O
to	O
complete	O
an	O
episode	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
88	B-CARDINAL


The	O
series	O
Love	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
broadcast	O
by	O
CTS	B-ORG
in	O
1983	B-DATE
,	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
prime	O
-	O
time	O
drama	O
to	O
use	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
and	O
marked	O
a	O
new	O
beginning	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
nativist	B-NORP
drama	O
.	O


The	O
photo	O
shows	O
the	O
performers	O
who	O
played	O
the	O
two	O
main	O
couples	O
in	O
the	O
series	O
,	O
from	O
left	O
to	O
write	O
:	O
Ma	B-PERSON
Ju	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
feng	I-PERSON
,	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Chiung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tsu	I-PERSON
,	O
Chin	B-PERSON
Su	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
mei	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Teh	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kai	I-PERSON
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Sen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chi	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
89	B-CARDINAL


With	O
the	O
popularity	O
of	O
nativist	B-NORP
Taiwanese	B-NORP
drama	O
,	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
speaking	O
performers	O
are	O
in	O
demand	O
.	O


Such	O
is	O
the	O
case	O
with	O
veteran	O
actor	O
Shih	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
now	O
featured	O
in	O
the	O
CTS	B-ORG
series	O
First	B-WORK_OF_ART
Family	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Sen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chi	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
90	B-CARDINAL


Chang	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yen	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
right	O
-RRB-	O
plays	O
a	O
much	O
-	O
abused	O
daughter	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
in	O
the	O
series	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Astonishing	I-WORK_OF_ART
Daughter	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Law	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Her	O
pitiable	O
character	O
has	O
resonated	O
with	O
many	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
women	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Sen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chi	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


[.	O
91	B-CARDINAL


The	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
"	O
contemporary	O
drama	O
"	O
being	O
shown	O
by	O
Formosa	B-ORG
Television	I-ORG
in	O
its	O
8:00	B-TIME
time	O
slot	O
has	O
maintained	O
very	O
high	O
ratings	O
,	O
pulling	O
the	O
station	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
red	O
and	O
into	O
the	O
black	O
.	O


The	O
photo	O
is	O
from	O
the	O
series	O
Fortune	B-WORK_OF_ART
is	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Heaven	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hands	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
series	O
producer	O
April	B-PERSON
Chu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
93	B-CARDINAL


There	O
has	O
been	O
growing	O
cooperation	O
between	O
the	O
TV	O
industries	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
producing	O
prime	O
-	O
time	O
programming	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
series	O
White	B-WORK_OF_ART
Haired	I-WORK_OF_ART
Sorceress	I-WORK_OF_ART
broadcast	O
on	O
TTV	B-ORG
and	O
produced	O
by	O
Chou	B-PERSON
You	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
male	O
lead	O
,	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Zhilin	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
from	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
female	O
lead	O
,	O
Shui	B-PERSON
Ling	I-PERSON
,	O
from	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Chou	B-PERSON
You	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
93	B-CARDINAL


Chiung	B-PERSON
Yao	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
romances	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
style	O
.	O


They	O
offer	O
intense	O
plots	O
and	O
dialogue	O
and	O
always	O
feature	O
attractive	O
leading	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
.	O


The	O
photo	O
shows	O
mainland	O
actress	O
Zhao	B-PERSON
Wei	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
left	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
who	O
became	O
popular	O
throughout	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
world	O
after	O
starring	O
in	O
a	O
Chiung	B-PERSON
Yao	I-PERSON
series	O
,	O
pictured	O
with	O
former	O
child	O
star	O
Su	B-PERSON
You	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
peng	I-PERSON
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Joy	B-ORG
Production	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


p.	O
93	B-CARDINAL


The	O
series	O
An	B-WORK_OF_ART
Official	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Wife	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
produced	O
by	O
Chou	B-PERSON
You	I-PERSON
,	O
brought	O
together	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
performer	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Ya	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lan	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
left	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
mainland	O
star	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Guoli	I-PERSON
.	O


Their	O
different	O
accents	O
and	O
acting	O
styles	O
created	O
many	O
comic	O
opportunities	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Chou	B-PERSON
You	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Chinese	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
-	O
Doing	O
it	O
the	O
Modern	O
Way	O


With	O
celebrations	O
for	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
anticipated	O
start	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
barely	O
over	O
,	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
began	O
busily	O
preparing	O
to	O
mark	O
another	O
new	O
year	O
.	O


"	O
Spring	B-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
,	O
"	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
known	O
,	O
brings	O
a	O
longer	O
break	O
from	O
work	O
-	O
compared	O
with	O
Western	B-NORP
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
-	O
and	O
is	O
an	O
altogether	O
more	O
meaningful	O
occasion	O
for	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
.	O


Amid	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
sweeping	O
tide	O
of	O
modernization	O
,	O
Spring	B-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
is	O
probably	O
the	O
only	O
annual	O
occasion	O
left	O
with	O
a	O
truly	O
"	O
Chinese	B-NORP
"	O
flavor	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
do	O
people	O
celebrate	O
Chinese	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
nowadays	O
?	O


How	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
ancient	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
festival	O
survives	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
new	O
elements	O
have	O
been	O
added	O
in	O
our	O
time	O
?	O


Under	O
the	O
crisp	O
and	O
pleasant	O
skies	O
of	O
late	B-DATE
December	I-DATE
,	O
Mrs.	O
Pu	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
woman	O
in	O
her	O
late	B-DATE
fifties	I-DATE
who	O
lives	O
in	O
a	O
military	O
dependents	O
'	O
village	O
in	O
Taoyuan	B-GPE
,	O
hastens	O
to	O
place	O
her	O
order	O
for	O
40	B-QUANTITY
catties	I-QUANTITY
-LRB-	O
24	B-QUANTITY
kg	I-QUANTITY
-RRB-	O
of	O
streaky	O
pork	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
meat	O
arrives	O
she	O
chops	O
it	O
into	O
one	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
catty	I-QUANTITY
strips	O
,	O
then	O
steeps	O
these	O
in	O
a	O
marinade	O
of	O
dry	O
-	O
fried	O
star	O
anise	O
and	O
other	O
spices	O
,	O
mixed	O
with	O
rock	O
sugar	O
,	O
salt	O
and	O
Gaoliang	B-GPE
liquor	O
.	O


After	O
several	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
preparation	O
,	O
the	O
result	O
is	O
larou	O
,	O
or	O
end	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
year	O
cured	O
meat	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
still	O
over	O
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
to	O
go	O
before	O
Spring	B-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
,	O
but	O
as	O
Mrs.	O
Pu	B-PERSON
explains	O
:	O
"	O
It	O
takes	O
a	O
fairly	O
long	O
time	O
to	O
make	O
larou	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
make	O
allowance	O
for	O
the	O
weather	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
best	O
to	O
get	O
going	O
early	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
the	O
meat	O
ready	O
to	O
give	O
out	O
to	O
friends	O
and	O
relatives	O
in	O
time	O
for	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
.	O
"	O


Her	O
ever	O
-	O
popular	O
larou	O
is	O
made	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
a	O
time	O
-	O
tested	O
recipe	O
.	O


She	O
adds	O
the	O
spices	O
in	O
their	O
special	O
proportions	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
seals	O
the	O
meat	O
in	O
a	O
vat	O
to	O
marinate	O
for	O
six	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
so	O
as	O
to	O
ensure	O
a	O
full	O
flavor	O
.	O


After	O
being	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
vat	O
the	O
strips	O
are	O
slowly	O
smoked	O
over	O
a	O
mixture	O
of	O
sugarcane	O
bark	O
,	O
charcoal	O
,	O
orange	O
peel	O
and	O
rice	O
husks	O
,	O
until	O
they	O
have	O
acquired	O
a	O
lovely	O
luster	O
and	O
exude	O
a	O
delicious	O
aroma	O
.	O


Finally	O
the	O
cured	O
strips	O
are	O
hung	O
out	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
sun	O
to	O
draw	O
off	O
excess	O
fat	O
.	O


For	O
Mrs.	O
Pu	B-PERSON
and	O
her	O
husband	O
,	O
the	O
traditional	O
lunar	O
new	O
year	O
has	O
more	O
significance	O
than	O
the	O
Western	B-NORP
version	O
.	O


It	O
provides	O
the	O
opportunity	O
for	O
making	O
food	O
in	O
the	O
traditional	O
style	O
of	O
their	O
home	O
region	O
,	O
much	O
of	O
which	O
they	O
give	O
to	O
others	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
brings	O
the	O
whole	O
family	O
together	O
for	O
an	O
eagerly	O
awaited	O
celebration	O
.	O


New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
dinner	O
is	O
the	O
highlight	O
,	O
with	O
three	B-CARDINAL
generations	O
-	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
ten	I-CARDINAL
hungry	O
mouths	O
-	O
gathered	O
for	O
the	O
feast	O
.	O


"	O
We	O
need	O
at	O
least	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
dishes	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Mrs.	O
Pu	B-PERSON
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
servings	O
of	O
chicken	O
,	O
duck	O
,	O
fish	O
and	O
pork	O
,	O
they	O
always	O
have	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
specialties	O
of	O
her	O
husband	O
's	O
home	O
region	O
,	O
Anhui	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
in	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
including	O
yuanzi	O
meatballs	O
-LRB-	O
minced	O
pork	O
blended	O
with	O
chopped	O
spring	O
onion	O
,	O
ginger	O
,	O
garlic	O
and	O
rice	O
noodles	O
,	O
rolled	O
in	O
cornstarch	O
flour	O
and	O
deep	O
-	O
fried	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Other	O
favorites	O
such	O
as	O
pearl	O
balls	O
-LRB-	O
meatballs	O
wrapped	O
in	O
sticky	O
rice	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
pork	O
knuckle	O
in	O
brown	O
sauce	O
,	O
and	O
mixed	O
vegetables	O
,	O
dishes	O
that	O
Mr.	O
and	O
Mrs.	O
Pu	B-PERSON
like	O
to	O
make	O
for	O
themselves	O
and	O
others	O
all	O
year	O
round	O
,	O
also	O
appear	O
at	O
the	O
table	O
,	O
all	O
cooked	O
with	O
extra	O
special	O
attention	O
for	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
preparations	O
for	O
the	O
feast	O
begin	O
three	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
event	O
itself	O
.	O


Slowly	O
warming	O
up	O


The	O
timing	O
of	O
Chinese	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
is	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
traditional	O
lunar	O
calendar	O
and	O
marks	O
an	O
important	O
transition	O
,	O
the	O
point	O
when	O
Winter	O
gives	O
way	O
to	O
Spring	O
.	O


In	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
country	O
founded	O
on	O
farming	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
a	O
tangible	O
link	O
between	O
seasonal	O
changes	O
and	O
the	O
pattern	O
of	O
agricultural	O
production	O
.	O


As	O
this	O
link	O
was	O
absorbed	O
into	O
people	O
's	O
lives	O
it	O
gave	O
rise	O
to	O
the	O
rituals	O
of	O
rural	O
existence	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
prominent	O
of	O
which	O
marked	O
the	O
conclusion	O
of	O
the	O
natural	O
cycle	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
every	O
year	O
.	O


Thus	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
became	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
of	O
all	O
traditional	O
festivals	O
,	O
symbolizing	O
endless	O
rebirth	O
and	O
the	O
continuation	O
of	O
the	O
natural	O
cycle	O
.	O


While	O
underpinning	O
the	O
annual	O
cycle	O
of	O
festivals	O
and	O
the	O
daily	O
routine	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
also	O
,	O
through	O
its	O
religious	O
-	O
type	O
observances	O
,	O
came	O
to	O
express	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
's	O
ideas	O
about	O
life	O
,	O
nature	O
,	O
and	O
clan	O
society	O
.	O


The	O
attitudes	O
and	O
lifestyles	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
are	O
also	O
given	O
full	O
expression	O
through	O
the	O
various	O
activities	O
that	O
take	O
place	O
during	O
the	O
holiday	O
.	O


Traditions	O
such	O
as	O
sweeping	O
the	O
house	O
to	O
"	O
drive	O
out	O
the	O
old	O
and	O
bring	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
,	O
"	O
venerating	O
the	O
gods	O
,	O
making	O
offerings	O
to	O
ancestors	O
,	O
having	O
the	O
whole	O
family	O
eat	O
together	O
and	O
stay	O
up	O
late	O
on	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
,	O
calling	O
on	O
friends	O
and	O
relatives	O
on	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
day	I-EVENT
,	O
and	O
-	O
for	O
married	O
women	O
-	O
visiting	O
their	O
parents	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
following	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
changes	O
wrought	O
by	O
modernization	O
,	O
which	O
make	O
it	O
impossible	O
for	O
the	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
to	O
be	O
celebrated	O
in	O
exactly	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
it	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
,	O
and	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
simplifications	O
that	O
have	O
taken	O
place	O
,	O
Spring	B-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
remains	O
the	O
longest	O
and	O
most	O
important	O
holiday	O
in	O
the	O
calendar	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
,	O
as	O
ever	O
,	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
plenty	O
and	O
of	O
family	O
reunion	O
-	O
a	O
great	O
occasion	O
for	O
everyone	O
.	O


Homeland	O
of	O
the	O
soul	O


Food	O
is	O
an	O
obsession	O
with	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
never	O
more	O
so	O
than	O
at	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
when	O
virtually	O
every	O
family	O
-	O
like	O
Mrs.	O
Pu	B-PERSON
's	O
in	O
Taoyuan	B-GPE
-	O
enjoys	O
one	B-CARDINAL
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
dishes	O
prepared	O
to	O
their	O
own	O
"	O
private	O
"	O
recipe	O
,	O
plus	O
other	O
edible	O
treats	O
with	O
special	O
symbolism	O
.	O


For	O
most	O
people	O
,	O
dishes	O
such	O
as	O
these	O
are	O
forever	O
bound	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
.	O


Writer	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yueh	I-PERSON
has	O
penned	O
numerous	O
articles	O
on	O
the	O
culture	O
of	O
food	O
and	O
drink	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
including	O
a	O
vignette	O
-LRB-	O
from	O
her	O
collection	O
of	O
essays	O
Epicurean	B-WORK_OF_ART
Notes	I-WORK_OF_ART
-RRB-	O
about	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
with	O
the	O
family	O
,	O
entitled	O
"	O
Luobo	B-WORK_OF_ART
Pudding	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


"	O
When	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
do	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
,	O
one	O
type	O
of	O
specialty	O
is	O
indispensable	O
:	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
pudding	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
as	O
China	B-GPE
covers	O
such	O
a	O
vast	O
territory	O
,	O
this	O
pudding	O
comes	O
in	O
different	O
versions	O
according	O
to	O
region	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
belt	O
south	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
generally	O
eat	O
"	O
Ningpo	B-GPE
pudding	O
,	O
"	O
made	O
from	O
sticky	O
rice	O
shaped	O
into	O
broad	O
bars	O
,	O
while	O
those	O
hailing	O
from	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Southern	B-LOC
Fujian	I-LOC
region	O
go	O
for	O
luobo	O
pudding	O
,	O
made	O
from	O
a	O
mixture	O
of	O
shredded	O
white	O
turnip	O
-LRB-	O
luobo	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
grain	O
rice	O
.	O


As	O
Lin	B-PERSON
writes	O
:	O
"	O
Although	O
my	O
family	O
moved	O
around	O
a	O
lot	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
little	O
,	O
Mother	O
was	O
quite	O
stubborn	O
about	O
personally	O
taking	O
charge	O
in	O
the	O
kitchen	O
every	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
to	O
make	O
luobo	O
pudding	O
for	O
the	O
whole	O
family	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
we	O
spent	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
Ningpo	B-GPE
pudding	O
like	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
we	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
"	O
mirror	O
cake	O
"	O
that	O
they	O
like	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


No	O
matter	O
where	O
we	O
were	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
always	O
luobo	O
pudding	O
for	O
us	O
.	O
"	O


Lin	B-PERSON
recalls	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
so	O
many	O
mouths	O
to	O
feed	O
at	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
that	O
they	O
had	O
to	O
use	O
two	B-CARDINAL
or	O
three	B-CARDINAL
large	O
bamboo	O
steamers	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
puddings	O
.	O


Come	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
,	O
the	O
children	O
were	O
always	O
attracted	O
by	O
the	O
unusually	O
busy	O
atmosphere	O
in	O
the	O
kitchen	O
,	O
and	O
loved	O
running	O
in	O
and	O
out	O
to	O
check	O
on	O
what	O
was	O
going	O
on	O
,	O
meanwhile	O
getting	O
under	O
everyone	O
's	O
feet	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
's	O
mother	O
was	O
n't	O
too	O
happy	O
about	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
kitchen	O
helpers	O
would	O
impatiently	O
wave	O
the	O
kids	O
away	O
,	O
calling	O
:	O
"	O
Shoo	O
!	O
Shoo	O
!	O
Go	O
outside	O
and	O
play	O
!	O
"	O


However	O
,	O
as	O
Lin	B-PERSON
grew	O
up	O
,	O
her	O
mother	O
would	O
call	O
her	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
girls	O
to	O
her	O
side	O
to	O
watch	O
and	O
help	O
out	O
.	O


She	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
Follow	O
closely	O
,	O
now	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
day	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
gone	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
all	O
by	O
yourselves	O
.	O
"	O


Making	O
luobo	O
pudding	O
is	O
a	O
demanding	O
process	O
and	O
requires	O
plenty	O
of	O
ingredients	O
.	O


Nowadays	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
wait	O
for	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
-	O
the	O
pudding	O
can	O
be	O
sampled	O
throughout	O
the	O
year	O
at	O
Hong	B-EVENT
Kong	I-EVENT
-	O
style	O
dimsum	O
restaurants	O
or	O
bought	O
readymade	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


But	O
come	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
lunar	I-DATE
calendar	I-DATE
,	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yueh	I-PERSON
still	O
prepares	O
several	O
luobo	O
puddings	O
the	O
old	O
-	O
fashioned	O
way	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
her	O
family	O
and	O
friends	O
can	O
enjoy	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
pudding	O
"	O
the	O
way	O
mama	O
used	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
.	O
"	O


Difficult	O
time	O
of	O
year	O


Nowadays	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
so	O
easy	O
to	O
recreate	O
the	O
elaborate	O
New	B-EVENT
Years	I-EVENT
of	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


The	O
speeded	O
-	O
up	O
,	O
stripped	O
-	O
down	O
pace	O
of	O
modern	O
life	O
has	O
reduced	O
the	O
event	O
in	O
scale	O
,	O
and	O
people	O
now	O
regard	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
in	O
different	O
ways	O
according	O
to	O
how	O
it	O
fits	O
in	O
with	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


Surveys	O
show	O
that	O
among	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
,	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
is	O
ranked	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
stressful	O
facets	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


A	O
tale	O
from	O
the	O
past	O
shows	O
how	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
has	O
always	O
been	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
financial	O
pressure	O
for	O
families	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-DATE
Ming	I-DATE
dynasty	I-DATE
-LRB-	O
1368	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
1644	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
Fuzhou	B-GPE
prefectural	O
magistrate	O
named	O
Cai	B-PERSON
Junmo	I-PERSON
issued	O
an	O
order	O
for	O
every	O
family	O
in	O
the	O
district	O
to	O
light	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
lanterns	O
for	O
Lantern	B-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
-LRB-	O
the	B-DATE
15th	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
lunar	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
residents	O
of	O
the	O
prefecture	O
,	O
a	O
man	O
named	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Lie	I-PERSON
,	O
satirized	O
the	O
magistrate	O
's	O
order	O
with	O
a	O
verse	O
that	O
he	O
painted	O
on	O
a	O
large	O
lantern	O
:	O


"	O
In	O
the	O
homes	O
of	O
the	O
rich	O
,	O
lanterns	O
are	O
as	O
plentiful	O
as	O
rice	O
in	O
the	O
granary	O
/	O


In	O
the	O
homes	O
of	O
the	O
poor	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
lantern	O
reduces	O
fathers	O
and	O
sons	O
to	O
misery	O
/	O


The	O
carefree	O
magistrate	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
this	O
/	O


And	O
simply	O
complains	O
that	O
the	O
music	O
is	O
n't	O
good	O
enough	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
the	O
Haifeng	B-GPE
area	O
of	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
saying	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
hardship	O
that	O
the	O
holiday	O
brings	O
for	O
the	O
poor	O
-	O
whom	O
the	O
festival	O
often	O
relieved	O
of	O
a	O
whole	O
year	O
's	O
worth	O
of	O
painstakingly	O
accumulated	O
surplus	O
:	O
"	O
Those	O
with	O
money	O
celebrate	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
;	O
those	O
without	O
money	O
get	O
stripped	O
bare	O
.	O
"	O


This	O
was	O
especially	O
so	O
given	O
that	O
the	B-DATE
"	I-DATE
close	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
"	O
was	O
also	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
creditors	O
turned	O
up	O
to	O
claim	O
their	O
dues	O
and	O
"	O
close	O
"	O
their	O
accounts	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fan	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
scientist	O
and	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
essayist	O
,	O
once	O
described	O
how	O
he	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
eldest	O
son	O
in	O
a	O
poor	O
family	O
,	O
used	O
to	O
spend	O
the	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
before	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
writing	O
and	O
selling	O
spring	O
couplets	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
help	O
his	O
father	O
pay	O
off	O
debts	O
and	O
buy	O
goodies	O
for	O
his	O
siblings	O
.	O


On	O
account	O
of	O
his	O
skill	O
at	O
calligraphy	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
spent	O
many	O
a	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
in	O
this	O
fashion	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
successful	O
scholar	O
he	O
was	O
later	O
able	O
to	O
recall	O
this	O
episode	O
with	O
pride	O
,	O
yet	O
the	O
bitterness	O
and	O
hurt	O
still	O
showed	O
through	O
in	O
his	O
words	O
.	O


Tough	O
work	O
,	O
year	O
after	O
year	O


On	O
top	O
of	O
economic	O
pressures	O
,	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
,	O
for	O
many	O
housewives	O
,	O
brings	O
the	O
added	O
burden	O
of	O
endless	O
household	O
chores	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
this	O
meant	O
a	O
nonstop	O
round	O
of	O
house	O
cleaning	O
,	O
making	O
pudding	O
,	O
doing	O
the	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
shopping	O
and	O
making	O
new	O
clothes	O
,	O
starting	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
8th	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
12th	I-DATE
lunar	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


There	O
was	O
also	O
the	O
matter	O
of	O
performing	O
the	O
prescribed	O
observances	O
to	O
heaven	O
and	O
earth	O
,	O
the	O
ancestors	O
,	O
the	O
kitchen	O
god	O
and	O
various	O
other	O
deities	O
.	O


Things	O
are	O
simpler	O
nowadays	O
,	O
but	O
putting	O
together	O
a	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
dinner	O
to	O
fill	O
the	O
bellies	O
of	O
everyone	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
still	O
presents	O
an	O
enormous	O
culinary	O
and	O
physical	O
challenge	O
.	O


For	O
those	O
who	O
live	O
far	O
from	O
the	O
parental	O
home	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
the	O
added	O
trial	O
of	O
transport	O
conditions	O
-	O
congested	O
roads	O
,	O
fully	O
-	O
booked	O
trains	O
and	O
airplanes	O
-	O
to	O
foil	O
the	O
plans	O
of	O
all	O
who	O
would	O
hurry	O
home	O
in	O
time	O
to	O
spend	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
with	O
the	O
clan	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
live	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
family	O
with	O
plenty	O
of	O
old	O
folk	O
and	O
youngsters	O
-	O
all	O
expecting	O
red	O
envelopes	O
of	O
cash	O
-	O
your	O
hard	O
-	O
earned	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
bonus	O
may	O
well	O
be	O
gone	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
is	O
over	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
has	O
increasingly	O
shown	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
agenda	O
of	O
the	O
women	O
's	O
movement	O
.	O


Many	O
women	O
now	O
object	O
to	O
the	O
tradition	O
of	O
spending	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
with	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
their	O
spouse	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
at	O
the	O
homes	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
parents	O
,	O
and	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
nasty	O
little	O
legacies	O
of	O
a	O
patriarchal	O
society	O
,	O
something	O
which	O
goes	O
against	O
the	O
modern	O
principle	O
of	O
sex	O
equality	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
'm	O
an	O
only	O
daughter	O
,	O
and	O
my	O
father	O
has	O
passed	O
away	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
really	O
hate	O
leaving	O
mom	O
to	O
spend	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
all	O
alone	O
.	O
"	O


"	O
When	O
we	O
go	O
over	O
to	O
my	O
husband	O
's	O
family	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
nothing	O
but	O
nonstop	O
cleaning	O
and	O
cooking	O
!	O
"	O


These	O
are	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
many	O
complaints	O
expressed	O
by	O
women	O
writing	O
to	O
the	O
letters	O
pages	O
in	O
the	O
press	O
.	O


For	O
many	O
people	O
,	O
the	O
solution	O
is	O
to	O
book	O
a	O
holiday	O
abroad	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
of	O
year	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
whole	O
occasion	O
.	O


Others	O
opt	O
to	O
splash	O
out	O
on	O
dinner	O
at	O
a	O
hotel	O
or	O
restaurant	O
so	O
that	O
no	O
-	O
one	O
has	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
getting	O
everything	O
ready	O
.	O


For	O
modern	O
,	O
urban	O
families	O
,	O
these	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
fashionable	O
and	O
convenient	O
new	O
ways	O
of	O
surviving	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
.	O


A	O
bittersweet	O
evening	O


"	O
The	O
most	O
scary	O
thing	O
is	O
the	O
deep	O
-	O
seated	O
clan	O
mentality	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
,	O
"	O
says	O
Li	B-PERSON
Yuan	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
author	O
known	O
for	O
his	O
writings	O
on	O
the	O
topic	O
of	O
family	O
.	O


"	O
It	O
can	O
tangle	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
parents	O
and	O
children	O
into	O
a	O
never	O
-	O
unraveled	O
web	O
of	O
pain	O
and	O
intimacy	O
-	O
which	O
does	O
n't	O
always	O
make	O
for	O
happy	O
family	O
reunions	O
.	O
"	O


No	O
wonder	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
is	O
frequently	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
generational	O
conflict	O
.	O


Li	B-PERSON
describes	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
his	O
own	O
family	O
.	O


His	O
mother	O
and	O
father	O
came	O
from	O
Hakka	B-NORP
backgrounds	O
on	O
the	O
mainland	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
clan	O
identity	O
is	O
strongly	O
emphasized	O
in	O
Hakka	B-NORP
culture	O
,	O
his	O
father	O
used	O
to	O
require	O
all	O
his	O
children	O
and	O
grandchildren	O
to	O
be	O
at	O
the	O
family	O
home	O
for	O
dinner	O
on	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
.	O


Concerned	O
about	O
the	O
burden	O
on	O
the	O
old	O
couple	O
,	O
Li	B-PERSON
persuaded	O
them	O
to	O
hold	O
the	O
annual	O
get	O
-	O
together	O
at	O
his	O
house	O
,	O
with	O
dinner	O
prepared	O
by	O
his	O
wife	O
and	O
sisters	O
.	O


Striving	O
valiantly	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
party	O
atmosphere	O
,	O
Li	B-PERSON
took	O
a	O
leaf	O
out	O
of	O
"	O
Old	O
Laizi	B-PERSON
's	O
"	O
book	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
Old	O
Laizi	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
legendary	O
paragon	O
of	O
filial	O
piety	O
who	O
acted	O
like	O
a	O
child	O
well	O
into	O
his	O
seventies	O
just	O
to	O
keep	O
his	O
parents	O
amused	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
dreaming	O
up	O
little	O
pranks	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
his	O
children	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
they	O
gave	O
mischievous	O
names	O
to	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
dishes	O
served	O
for	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
dinner	O
,	O
like	O
"	O
Dongfang	B-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Invincible	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Chopped	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
off	I-WORK_OF_ART
Willy	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
"	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Flower	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Guanyin	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Slender	I-WORK_OF_ART
Waist	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Sea	B-WORK_OF_ART
Cucumber	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
Squid	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Meatballs	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
Three	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
one	I-WORK_OF_ART
World	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


"	O
The	O
mood	O
of	O
good	O
cheer	O
and	O
togetherness	O
at	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
can	O
indeed	O
leave	O
some	O
heart	O
-	O
warming	O
memories	O
,	O
"	O
acknowledges	O
Li	B-PERSON
Yuan	I-PERSON
.	O


"	O
But	O
the	O
occasion	O
can	O
also	O
dredge	O
up	O
less	O
pleasant	O
associations	O
from	O
the	O
past	O
.	O
"	O


During	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Li	B-PERSON
's	O
father	O
could	O
n't	O
stop	O
himself	O
getting	O
worked	O
up	O
,	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
family	O
's	O
best	O
efforts	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
mood	O
light	O
.	O


Dinner	O
was	O
nearly	O
over	O
when	O
the	O
old	O
fellow	O
demanded	O
that	O
his	O
children	O
come	O
to	O
his	O
side	O
,	O
and	O
announced	O
:	O
"	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
square	O
up	O
accounts	O
with	O
every	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
,	O
each	O
in	O
turn	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
began	O
to	O
lecture	O
them	O
about	O
how	O
hard	O
he	O
had	O
struggled	O
in	O
his	O
youth	O
to	O
bring	O
them	O
all	O
up	O
,	O
recalling	O
every	O
little	O
incident	O
as	O
though	O
it	O
were	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
broke	O
down	O
in	O
tears	O
once	O
he	O
got	O
onto	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
had	O
hurt	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
calming	O
him	O
down	O
.	O


"	O
He	O
had	O
absolutely	O
no	O
idea	O
that	O
his	O
children	O
all	O
had	O
to	O
swallow	O
their	O
own	O
share	O
of	O
hurt	O
and	O
disappointment	O
while	O
growing	O
up	O
,	O
but	O
never	O
complained	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


Now	O
each	O
of	O
them	O
felt	O
afresh	O
the	O
grievances	O
of	O
childhood	O
,	O
and	O
began	O
to	O
strike	O
back	O
,	O
one	O
after	O
another	O
.	O
"	O


Li	B-PERSON
described	O
the	O
ensuing	O
scenario	O
:	O


"	O
Some	O
wheeled	O
out	O
their	O
heavy	O
artillery	O
and	O
some	O
used	O
the	O
machine	O
-	O
gun	O
approach	O
.	O


Cannon	O
and	O
gunfire	O
rang	O
out	O
on	O
that	O
cold	O
rainy	O
night	O
,	O
while	O
tears	O
flowed	O
and	O
fireworks	O
exploded	O
.	O


The	O
old	O
bruiser	O
,	O
nearly	B-DATE
80	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	O
,	O
was	O
struck	O
speechless	O
.	O


His	O
authority	O
lay	O
in	O
tatters	O
,	O
long	O
since	O
torn	O
down	O
by	O
his	O
adult	O
offspring	O
.	O


He	O
'd	O
taken	O
so	O
many	O
hits	O
by	O
then	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
riddled	O
with	O
bullet	O
-	O
holes	O
.	O


He	O
slumped	O
miserably	O
back	O
into	O
his	O
chair	O
,	O
lips	O
quivering	O
as	O
if	O
to	O
speak	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
words	O
coming	O
from	O
his	O
mouth	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
evening	O
ended	O
in	O
tears	O
and	O
awkwardness	O
.	O


"	O
Our	O
family	O
was	O
quite	O
poor	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
growing	O
up	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Li	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
and	O
Father	O
suffered	O
plenty	O
of	O
frustrations	O
on	O
our	O
behalf	O
.	O


He	O
thought	O
that	O
we	O
had	O
n't	O
properly	O
repaid	O
him	O
once	O
we	O
had	O
grown	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
felt	O
quite	O
bitter	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
realize	O
that	O
we	O
too	O
,	O
growing	O
up	O
in	O
such	O
circumstances	O
,	O
faced	O
hardship	O
and	O
frustration	O
.	O


Like	O
my	O
elder	O
sister	O
who	O
had	O
to	O
work	O
her	O
way	O
through	O
school	O
.	O


Everyone	O
had	O
something	O
to	O
get	O
off	O
his	O
chest	O
.	O


It	O
all	O
got	O
quite	O
heated	O
.	O
"	O


Li	O
felt	O
depressed	O
and	O
guilty	O
about	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
evening	O
turned	O
out	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
went	O
over	O
to	O
his	O
parents	O
house	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
to	O
pay	O
his	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
respects	O
,	O
he	O
asked	O
his	O
children	O
to	O
help	O
smooth	O
things	O
over	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
scrubbed	O
clean	O
the	O
toilet	O
bowl	O
as	O
penance	O
.	O


Li	B-PERSON
Yuan	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
father	O
passed	O
away	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
before	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
.	O


His	O
mother	O
,	O
more	O
relaxed	O
about	O
things	O
than	O
her	O
husband	O
,	O
was	O
n't	O
concerned	O
about	O
doing	O
a	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
dinner	O
,	O
so	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
family	O
cancelled	O
the	O
tradition	O
.	O


"	O
Mom	O
decided	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
trip	O
abroad	O
.	O


My	O
family	O
and	O
I	O
like	O
the	O
unusual	O
quiet	O
that	O
descends	O
on	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
streets	O
for	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
the	O
festival	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
make	O
any	O
special	O
arrangements	O
,	O
we	O
just	O
stayed	O
home	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
good	O
rest	O
.	O
"	O


A	O
quiet	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT


"	O
What	O
we	O
are	O
missing	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
author	O
Yang	B-PERSON
Hsiao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yun	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
is	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
bringing	O
new	O
meaning	O
into	O
the	O
old	O
tradition	O
,	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
spending	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
that	O
suits	O
ordinary	O
people	O
.	O
"	O


Yang	B-PERSON
's	O
strongest	O
association	O
with	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
is	O
of	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
shopping	O
with	O
the	O
grown	O
-	O
ups	O
when	O
she	O
was	O
little	O
.	O


"	O
We	O
were	O
always	O
very	O
thrifty	O
in	O
those	O
days	O
,	O
without	O
extra	O
cash	O
for	O
new	O
things	O
.	O


New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
was	O
the	O
only	O
time	O
when	O
we	O
got	O
to	O
bring	O
bulging	O
bags	O
and	O
packages	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


Just	O
the	O
sight	O
of	O
all	O
those	O
treats	O
-	O
chicken	O
,	O
duck	O
,	O
fish	O
and	O
pork	O
;	O
candies	O
and	O
cookies	O
;	O
fruits	O
and	O
soda	O
drinks	O
-	O
was	O
a	O
thrill	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Then	O
there	O
were	O
all	O
the	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
presents	O
,	O
like	O
new	O
clothes	O
,	O
shoes	O
and	O
hats	O
.	O


At	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
our	O
parents	O
liked	O
to	O
dress	O
the	O
girls	O
in	O
red	O
from	O
head	O
to	O
toe	O
,	O
for	O
good	O
luck	O
and	O
for	O
fun	O
.	O


We	O
looked	O
as	O
if	O
we	O
'd	O
been	O
dipped	O
in	O
a	O
tub	O
of	O
haw	O
juice	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
excitement	O
that	O
she	O
remembered	O
feeling	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
child	O
,	O
about	O
getting	O
to	O
wear	O
new	O
clothes	O
and	O
new	O
hats	O
,	O
Yang	B-PERSON
later	O
began	O
to	O
question	O
this	O
way	O
of	O
spending	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
.	O


She	O
felt	O
especially	O
turned	O
off	O
by	O
the	O
orgy	O
of	O
consumption	O
connected	O
with	O
the	O
festival	O
.	O


"	O
It	O
was	O
only	O
after	O
I	O
had	O
kids	O
of	O
my	O
own	O
that	O
I	O
began	O
to	O
rethink	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
-	O
partly	O
out	O
of	O
nostalgia	O
,	O
and	O
partly	O
to	O
pass	O
the	O
tradition	O
on	O
to	O
my	O
children	O
,	O
"	O
admits	O
Yang	B-PERSON
.	O


Nowadays	O
she	O
emphasizes	O
just	O
three	B-CARDINAL
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
occasion	O
:	O
getting	O
the	O
family	O
together	O
,	O
enjoying	O
the	O
festive	O
spirit	O
,	O
and	O
having	O
a	O
rest	O
.	O


"	O
At	O
one	B-CARDINAL
point	O
we	O
tried	O
the	O
fashionable	O
thing	O
,	O
taking	O
the	O
family	O
away	O
for	O
a	O
vacation	O
,	O
but	O
being	O
abroad	O
we	O
really	O
missed	O
that	O
festive	O
flavor	O
.	O
"	O


Eventually	O
she	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
traditional	O
form	O
,	O
making	O
the	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
dinner	O
herself	O
,	O
and	O
always	O
including	O
a	O
Manchurian	B-NORP
-	O
style	O
pickled	O
cabbage	O
hotpot	O
prepared	O
just	O
the	O
way	O
her	O
parents	O
used	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Her	O
father	O
hailed	O
from	O
Liaoning	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
in	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
.	O
-RRB-	O


"	O
With	O
life	O
as	O
busy	O
and	O
stressful	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
the	B-DATE
rest	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
we	O
decided	O
to	O
drop	O
the	O
formal	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
gathering	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
we	O
now	O
spend	O
the	O
time	O
relaxing	O
at	O
home	O
,	O
doing	O
whatever	O
we	O
fancy	O
,	O
be	O
it	O
sitting	O
quietly	O
and	O
reading	O
,	O
listening	O
to	O
music	O
,	O
going	O
on	O
an	O
outing	O
,	O
or	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
ups	O
and	O
downs	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Or	O
we	O
might	O
invite	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
close	O
friends	O
round	O
to	O
reminisce	O
about	O
old	O
times	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
quiet	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
satisfying	O
.	O


"	O
On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
"	O
continues	O
Yang	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
can	O
also	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
reminder	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
review	O
their	O
past	O
actions	O
.	O
"	O


She	O
always	O
sets	O
aside	O
a	O
little	O
time	O
for	O
herself	O
on	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
to	O
do	O
just	O
this	O
.	O


As	O
midnight	O
approaches	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
household	O
chores	O
taken	O
care	O
of	O
,	O
Yang	B-PERSON
settles	O
down	O
to	O
quietly	O
reflect	O
on	O
how	O
she	O
has	O
grown	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
twelve	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
to	O
draw	O
up	O
her	O
personal	O
"	O
profit	O
and	O
loss	O
sheet	O
"	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


"	O
It	O
's	O
nothing	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
money	O
,	O
"	O
she	O
stresses	O
.	O


"	O
It	O
's	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
measuring	O
whether	O
I	O
've	O
achieved	O
my	O
objectives	O
,	O
in	O
my	O
work	O
and	O
in	O
my	O
personal	O
maturity	O
.	O


I	O
ask	O
myself	O
what	O
my	O
bad	O
habits	O
are	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
dish	O
for	O
the	O
spirit	O
!	O
"	O


Yang	B-PERSON
feels	O
that	O
if	O
we	O
redefine	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
in	O
terms	O
of	O
its	O
contemplative	O
and	O
spiritual	O
meaning	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
just	O
regarding	O
it	O
as	O
an	O
occasion	O
for	O
feasting	O
and	O
partying	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
can	O
better	O
sense	O
how	O
time	O
passes	O
,	O
and	O
see	O
that	O
another	O
phase	O
in	O
our	O
working	O
lives	O
has	O
been	O
completed	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
way	O
we	O
can	O
make	O
our	O
wishes	O
for	O
the	O
year	O
ahead	O
,	O
setting	O
goals	O
for	O
work	O
and	O
for	O
personal	O
growth	O
,	O
without	O
getting	O
maudlin	O
about	O
time	O
's	O
passage	O
and	O
the	O
meaninglessness	O
of	O
it	O
all	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
,	O
the	O
family	O
is	O
the	O
basic	O
unit	O
for	O
celebrating	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
,	O
but	O
the	O
family	O
,	O
like	O
society	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
changing	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Couples	O
whose	O
children	O
have	O
grown	O
up	O
and	O
moved	O
out	O
,	O
face	O
the	O
"	O
empty	O
nest	O
syndrome	O
,	O
"	O
while	O
many	O
individuals	O
,	O
particularly	O
among	O
the	O
elderly	O
,	O
live	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
for	O
people	O
like	O
these	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
homeless	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
still	O
ways	O
of	O
enjoying	O
"	O
a	O
good	O
get	O
-	O
together	O
"	O
at	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
.	O


All	O
together	O
now	O


One	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
before	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
Chinese	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
,	O
artist	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Cheng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
liang	I-PERSON
placed	O
some	O
articles	O
in	O
the	O
press	O
seeking	O
others	O
like	O
himself	O
-	O
single	O
people	O
with	O
nothing	O
special	O
to	O
do	O
on	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
-	O
to	O
register	O
for	O
a	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
dinner	O
and	O
party	O
at	O
his	O
studio	O
.	O


You	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
know	O
anyone	O
else	O
going	O
.	O


Plenty	O
of	O
people	O
took	O
up	O
the	O
offer	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
party	O
was	O
packed	O
.	O


For	O
Wang	B-PERSON
,	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
fun	O
he	O
'd	O
ever	O
had	O
at	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yueh	I-PERSON
moved	O
to	O
California	B-GPE
once	O
her	O
children	O
had	O
grown	O
up	O
and	O
started	O
families	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
,	O
so	O
she	O
can	O
no	O
longer	O
spend	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
with	O
her	O
immediate	O
family	O
.	O


But	O
her	O
enthusiasm	O
for	O
the	O
festival	O
has	O
n't	O
waned	O
.	O


"	O
Now	O
I	O
spend	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
with	O
friends	O
who	O
are	O
in	O
similar	O
circumstances	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


Each	O
of	O
us	O
brings	O
a	O
dish	O
for	O
the	O
meal	O
,	O
and	O
makes	O
his	O
own	O
contribution	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
all	O
very	O
relaxed	O
.	O
"	O


For	O
Lin	B-PERSON
,	O
friendship	O
is	O
as	O
heart	O
-	O
warming	O
as	O
family	O
ties	O
.	O


"	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
is	O
part	O
of	O
our	O
shared	O
cultural	O
and	O
ethnic	O
memory	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
homeland	O
of	O
the	O
soul	O
for	O
every	O
one	O
of	O
us	O
.	O


The	O
external	O
form	O
may	O
have	O
changed	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
memory	O
of	O
some	O
inner	O
yearning	O
,	O
that	O
sense	O
of	O
needing	O
to	O
belong	O
,	O
these	O
are	O
things	O
that	O
can	O
never	O
change	O
.	O
"	O


For	O
those	O
often	O
-	O
overlooked	O
old	O
folk	O
and	O
street	O
people	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
special	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
dinners	O
organized	O
by	O
private	O
welfare	O
groups	O
,	O
enabling	O
them	O
to	O
share	O
in	O
the	O
human	O
warmth	O
of	O
the	O
occasion	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	B-ORG
Buddha	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Light	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
organized	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
dinners	O
in	O
the	O
north	O
,	O
center	O
and	O
south	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
were	O
attended	O
by	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
5,000	I-CARDINAL
old	O
folk	O
who	O
live	O
alone	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
they	O
are	O
repeating	O
the	O
exercise	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
including	O
a	O
special	O
event	O
in	O
Nantou	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
to	O
bring	O
some	O
warmth	O
and	O
love	O
to	O
elderly	O
survivors	O
of	O
the	O
9	B-EVENT
/	I-EVENT
21	I-EVENT
earthquake	O
there	O
.	O


Another	O
group	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Creation	I-ORG
Social	I-ORG
Welfare	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
-	O
which	O
is	O
well	O
known	O
for	O
its	O
work	O
with	O
street	O
people	O
and	O
for	O
taking	O
care	O
of	O
vegetative	O
-	O
state	O
patients	O
-	O
runs	O
an	O
annual	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Eve	I-EVENT
party	O
for	O
homeless	O
people	O
.	O


"	O
Giving	O
and	O
serving	O
,	O
these	O
too	O
form	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
meaning	O
and	O
purpose	O
of	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
.	O
"	O


The	O
Venerable	O
Yung	B-PERSON
Fu	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Buddha	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Light	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
hopes	O
that	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
well	O
-	O
fed	O
,	O
well	O
-	O
clothed	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
can	O
extend	O
the	O
warmth	O
and	O
love	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
families	O
out	O
to	O
society	O
at	O
large	O
,	O
and	O
especially	O
to	O
those	O
most	O
in	O
need	O
of	O
attention	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
widen	O
and	O
elevate	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
.	O


It	O
is	O
no	O
surprise	O
that	O
amid	O
the	O
hectic	O
pace	O
of	O
modern	O
life	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
relaxed	O
good	O
fun	O
has	O
gone	O
out	O
of	O
Chinese	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
.	O


But	O
as	O
a	O
custom	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
culture	O
for	O
so	O
long	O
,	O
it	O
continues	O
to	O
occupy	O
a	O
unique	O
position	O
in	O
our	O
hearts	O
and	O
lives	O
.	O


What	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
seen	O
is	O
how	O
well	O
we	O
can	O
adapt	O
and	O
update	O
this	O
ancient	O
tradition	O
to	O
fit	O
the	O
changing	O
needs	O
of	O
modern	O
society	O
.	O


Last	O
-	O
Minute	O
Legislative	O
Binge	O
Opens	O
New	O
Era	O
for	O
Defense	O
,	O
Finance	O
,	O
and	O
Human	O


-LRB-	O
Jackie	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Newell	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Rights	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
session	O
of	O
the	O
Fourth	B-ORDINAL
Leg	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
islative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
ended	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
15th	I-DATE
.	O


After	O
government	O
and	O
opposition	O
legislators	O
burned	O
the	O
midnight	O
oil	O
for	O
a	O
whole	O
week	O
,	O
113	B-CARDINAL
bills	O
were	O
passed	O
.	O


Quantitatively	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
bills	O
passed	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
session	O
since	O
1948	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
from	O
the	O
qualitative	O
standpoint	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
problems	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
session	O
saw	O
a	O
public	O
scandal	O
in	O
which	O
legislators	O
have	O
been	O
suspected	O
of	O
using	O
back	O
-	O
door	O
channels	O
to	O
get	O
state	O
-	O
run	O
financial	O
institutions	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
private	O
venture	O
capital	O
companies	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
presidential	O
elections	O
fast	O
approaching	O
,	O
many	O
laws	O
appeared	O
intended	O
to	O
benefit	O
a	O
certain	O
candidate	O
.	O


Controversial	O
legislation	O
included	O
:	O


1	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Regulations	O
governing	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
expense	O
account	O
money	O
to	O
local	O
elected	O
representatives	O
and	O
village	O
and	O
neighborhood	O
chiefs	O
:	O
These	O
regulations	O
greatly	O
increase	O
payments	O
made	O
to	O
local	O
executive	O
and	O
assembly	O
officials	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
passage	O
of	O
this	O
law	O
,	O
the	O
budget	O
for	O
these	O
expenses	O
should	O
be	O
forced	O
up	O
from	O
the	O
current	O
NT$	B-MONEY
4.4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
to	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
NT$	I-MONEY
7	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Besides	O
being	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
blatant	O
handout	O
to	O
influence	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
contradiction	O
of	O
government	O
promises	O
to	O
eliminate	O
the	O
positions	O
of	O
these	O
local	O
officials	O
-LRB-	O
who	O
are	O
big	O
players	O
in	O
political	O
patronage	O
networks	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
law	O
also	O
brought	O
criticism	O
from	O
Taipei	B-GPE
and	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
city	I-GPE
councillors	O
,	O
whose	O
salaries	O
are	O
cut	O
by	O
the	O
bill	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
Minister	O
of	O
the	O
Interior	O
Huang	B-PERSON
Chu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wen	I-PERSON
insists	O
that	O
city	O
councillors	O
were	O
amply	O
consulted	O
during	O
the	O
drafting	O
process	O
.	O


2	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
law	O
to	O
encourage	O
private	O
-	O
sector	O
participation	O
in	O
public	O
infrastructure	O
projects	O
:	O
This	O
law	O
stipulates	O
that	O
the	O
private	O
sector	O
may	O
undertake	O
BOT	O
projects	O
-LRB-	O
build	O
,	O
operate	O
,	O
and	O
transfer	O
to	O
the	O
government	O
-RRB-	O
for	O
major	O
public	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
including	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
towns	O
,	O
major	O
industrial	O
enterprises	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
facilities	O
.	O


Besides	O
offering	O
tax	O
incentives	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
law	O
will	O
assist	O
private	O
investors	O
to	O
get	O
beyond	O
the	O
limits	O
of	O
current	O
law	O
and	O
invest	O
in	O
new	O
land	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
even	O
enable	O
private	O
investors	O
to	O
undertake	O
compulsory	O
land	O
purchasing	O
using	O
government	O
authority	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
companies	O
involved	O
in	O
major	O
transportation	O
infrastructure	O
will	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
issue	O
new	O
stock	O
or	O
corporate	O
debt	O
to	O
raise	O
funds	O
.	O


This	O
law	O
should	O
have	O
a	O
positive	O
effect	O
for	O
current	O
BOT	O
projects	O
which	O
are	O
facing	O
obstacles	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
speed	O
railway	O
and	O
the	O
proposed	O
rapid	O
transit	O
line	O
to	O
CKS	B-FAC
International	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
.	O


There	O
will	O
now	O
be	O
a	O
legal	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
speed	O
railway	O
to	O
raise	O
more	O
capital	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
now	O
that	O
the	O
regulations	O
for	O
establishing	O
new	O
towns	O
have	O
been	O
revised	O
,	O
the	O
proposed	O
plan	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
mass	O
transit	O
line	O
to	O
the	O
airport	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Chang	I-ORG
Yi	I-ORG
financial	I-ORG
group	I-ORG
can	O
become	O
reality	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
some	O
scholars	O
have	O
criticized	O
this	O
law	O
for	O
being	O
poorly	O
formulated	O
and	O
open	O
to	O
abuse	O
.	O


Yang	B-PERSON
Chung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsin	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
researcher	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Economics	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-ORG
Academia	I-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
to	O
give	O
financial	O
groups	O
and	O
business	O
operators	O
the	O
same	O
powers	O
as	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
requisition	O
land	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
done	O
if	O
equal	O
attention	O
is	O
given	O
to	O
fairness	O
and	O
efficiency	O
;	O
otherwise	O
,	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
landowners	O
will	O
clash	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
endless	O
disputes	O
.	O


3	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Regulations	O
on	O
a	O
national	O
financial	O
stabilization	O
fund	O
:	O
This	O
law	O
will	O
empower	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
intervene	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
"	O
threats	O
to	O
national	O
stability	O
"	O
-	O
such	O
as	O
major	O
internal	O
or	O
external	O
events	O
,	O
rapid	O
movements	O
of	O
international	O
capital	O
-	O
the	O
government	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
draw	O
on	O
an	O
NT$	B-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
fund	O
.	O


This	O
law	O
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
by	O
academics	O
as	O
a	O
serious	O
distortion	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
mechanism	O
,	O
as	O
putting	O
the	O
policy	O
makers	O
into	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
being	O
market	O
players	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
inevitably	O
creating	O
opportunities	O
for	O
insider	O
trading	O
and	O
the	O
manipulation	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
to	O
the	O
benefit	O
of	O
a	O
privileged	O
few	O
.	O


But	O
President	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
and	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Cabinet	B-ORG
have	O
argued	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
stock	O
market	O
is	O
too	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
cross-strait	O
developments	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
law	O
will	O
enable	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
stabilize	O
the	O
market	O
-	O
and	O
thus	O
domestic	O
morale	O
-	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
crises	O
like	O
the	O
1996	B-DATE
PRC	B-GPE
missile	O
tests	O
.	O


4	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	B-LAW
National	I-LAW
Defense	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
and	O
the	B-LAW
organic	I-LAW
law	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
Ministry	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Defense	I-LAW
:	O
The	O
NDL	B-LAW
will	O
unify	O
the	O
administrative	O
channel	O
-LRB-	O
previously	O
handled	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
and	O
the	O
war	O
-	O
fighting	O
chain	O
of	O
command	O
-LRB-	O
previously	O
under	O
the	O
virtually	O
autonomous	O
general	O
staff	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
general	O
staff	O
will	O
be	O
clearly	O
placed	O
under	O
the	O
minister	O
of	O
defense	O
,	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
civilian	O
.	O


These	O
changes	O
mark	O
a	O
new	O
era	O
in	O
ROC	B-GPE
military	O
modernization	O
.	O


The	O
"	O
organic	O
law	O
"	O
will	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
changes	O
,	O
cause	O
individual	O
services	O
to	O
lose	O
their	O
respective	O
intelligence	O
agencies	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
unified	O
under	O
the	O
general	O
staff	O
.	O


The	O
political	O
warfare	O
system	O
-LRB-	O
an	O
autonomous	O
system	O
of	O
political	O
commissar	O
-	O
type	O
officers	O
,	O
created	O
in	O
early	O
Republican	B-NORP
times	O
,	O
to	O
ensure	O
the	O
loyalty	O
of	O
the	O
military	O
to	O
the	O
nationalist	O
revolution	O
's	O
leaders	O
-RRB-	O
will	O
be	O
reorganized	O
and	O
its	O
functions	O
will	O
undergo	O
a	O
qualitative	O
change	O
.	O


Though	O
it	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
seen	O
if	O
the	O
political	O
warfare	O
system	O
will	O
retain	O
its	O
own	O
officer	O
corps	O
and	O
academy	O
separate	O
from	O
the	O
regular	O
armed	O
forces	O
,	O
Minister	O
of	O
Defense	O
Tang	B-PERSON
Fei	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
the	O
ultimate	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
unify	O
all	O
the	O
officer	O
corps	O
.	O


5	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	B-LAW
coastal	I-LAW
defense	I-LAW
law	I-LAW
and	O
the	B-LAW
organic	I-LAW
law	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
Coast	I-LAW
Guard	I-LAW
Command	I-LAW
:	O
This	O
will	O
establish	O
the	B-ORG
Coast	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
as	O
a	O
ministerial	O
level	O
body	O
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
coastal	O
defense	O
and	O
for	O
combating	O
smuggling	O
and	O
illegal	O
immigration	O
.	O


Some	O
say	O
that	O
this	O
does	O
not	O
conform	O
to	O
the	O
ideal	O
of	O
streamlining	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
say	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
unusual	O
to	O
bring	O
a	O
front	O
-	O
line	O
law	O
enforcement	O
agency	O
into	O
the	O
cabinet	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
the	O
idea	O
that	O
the	O
22,000	B-CARDINAL
-	O
man	O
Coast	B-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
will	O
be	O
represented	O
in	O
the	O
cabinet	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
70,000	B-CARDINAL
-	O
plus	O
-	O
man	O
police	O
force	O
remains	O
sub-ministerial	O
,	O
rankles	O
among	O
some	O
police	O
officers	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
argues	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
coastal	O
policing	O
work	O
also	O
touches	O
on	O
national	O
defense	O
and	O
sovereignty	O
questions	O
-LRB-	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
Tiaoyutai	B-LOC
or	O
Spratly	B-LOC
Islands	I-LOC
,	O
for	O
example	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


A	O
single	O
unified	O
body	O
with	O
sufficient	O
rank	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
integrate	O
these	O
functions	O
with	O
coastal	O
and	O
shoreline	O
law	O
enforcement	O
and	O
fishing	O
harbor	O
inspections	O
.	O


6	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Regulations	O
governing	O
reconstruction	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
September	I-EVENT
21	I-EVENT
earthquake	I-EVENT
:	O
This	O
law	O
will	O
govern	O
reconstruction	O
after	O
the	O
expiration	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
emergency	O
decree	O
.	O


It	O
calls	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
to	O
create	O
a	O
community	O
reconstruction	O
fund	O
for	O
damaged	O
areas	O
.	O


Urban	O
renewal	O
laws	O
have	O
been	O
relaxed	O
to	O
offer	O
incentives	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
rebuild	O
.	O


The	O
legislation	O
also	O
arranges	O
for	O
children	O
under	O
18	B-DATE
orphaned	O
by	O
the	O
quake	O
to	O
receive	O
a	O
government	O
-	O
subsidized	O
trust	O
fund	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
their	O
living	O
expenses	O
and	O
education	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
people	O
who	O
had	O
mortgages	O
against	O
their	O
property	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
earthquake	O
,	O
and	O
whose	O
homes	O
have	O
been	O
officially	O
confirmed	O
as	O
destroyed	O
,	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
interest	O
payments	O
delayed	O
for	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
reduction	O
of	O
land	O
and	O
real	O
estate	O
taxes	O
for	O
homes	O
in	O
the	O
disaster	O
areas	O
for	O
a	O
period	O
not	O
to	O
exceed	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Among	O
the	O
less	O
controversial	O
new	O
legislation	O
is	O
the	O
following	O
:	O


Legislation	O
on	O
soil	O
and	O
groundwater	O
pollution	O
will	O
raise	O
the	O
penalties	O
for	O
such	O
pollution	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
life	O
imprisonment	O
if	O
the	O
pollution	O
leads	O
to	O
death	O
.	O


A	O
fund	O
will	O
be	O
established	O
to	O
clean	O
up	O
future	O
cases	O
of	O
soil	O
and	O
groundwater	O
contamination	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
governing	O
compensation	O
for	O
wrongful	O
imprisonment	O
in	O
the	O
martial	O
law	O
era	O
under	O
charges	O
such	O
as	O
subversion	O
and	O
spying	O
has	O
been	O
broadened	O
in	O
applicability	O
.	O


Persons	O
applying	O
for	O
such	O
compensation	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
limited	O
by	O
the	O
original	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
application	O
deadline	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
the	O
law	O
governing	O
temporary	O
release	O
from	O
detention	O
has	O
been	O
amended	O
so	O
that	O
anyone	O
being	O
held	O
for	O
a	O
crime	O
that	O
carries	O
a	O
sentence	O
of	O
five	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
more	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
if	O
released	O
for	O
medical	O
treatment	O
,	O
may	O
not	O
engage	O
in	O
election	O
campaigns	O
or	O
any	O
activity	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
must	O
go	O
back	O
in	O
to	O
detention	O
upon	O
recovering	O
.	O


Another	O
law	O
offers	O
protection	O
to	O
anyone	O
who	O
provides	O
evidence	O
in	O
criminal	O
or	O
organized	O
crime	O
cases	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
new	O
nationality	O
regulations	O
change	O
the	O
previous	O
patrilineal	O
nationality	O
system	O
to	O
a	O
joint	O
patrilineal	O
-	O
matrilineal	O
system	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
children	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
women	O
and	O
foreign	O
men	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
entitled	O
to	O
ROC	B-GPE
nationality	O
-LRB-	O
as	O
the	O
children	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
men	O
and	O
foreign	O
women	O
always	O
have	O
been	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
thus	O
realizing	O
equal	O
treatment	O
under	O
the	O
law	O
for	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
.	O


New	O
legislation	O
governing	O
electronic	O
games	O
imposes	O
strict	O
penalties	O
for	O
use	O
of	O
video	O
games	O
for	O
gambling	O
or	O
harming	O
public	O
morals	O
.	O


Operators	O
can	O
be	O
fined	O
up	O
to	O
NT$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
if	O
they	O
knowingly	O
allow	O
middle	O
-	O
school	O
or	O
primary	O
-	O
school	O
children	O
to	O
play	O
in	O
their	O
shops	O
during	O
school	O
hours	O
.	O


Amendments	O
to	O
the	O
existing	O
cultural	O
assets	O
preservation	O
law	O
will	O
bring	O
historical	O
structures	O
under	O
protection	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
also	O
permit	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
modern	O
technology	O
to	O
repair	O
or	O
protect	O
historic	O
structures	O
so	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
original	O
appearance	O
of	O
the	O
building	O
remains	O
intact	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
whole	O
historic	O
settlements	O
or	O
streets	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
monuments	O
to	O
be	O
preserved	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
a	O
law	O
governing	O
control	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
rare	O
diseases	O
,	O
will	O
allow	O
importation	O
of	O
appropriate	O
medications	O
,	O
treatments	O
,	O
and	O
essential	O
life	O
-	O
saving	O
nutritional	O
supplements	O
for	O
those	O
suffering	O
from	O
tens	O
of	O
unusual	O
ailments	O
.	O


p.	O
77	B-CARDINAL


Legislators	O
burned	O
the	O
midnight	O
oil	O
to	O
pass	O
last	O
-	O
minute	O
bills	O
.	O


Many	O
who	O
found	O
the	O
ordeal	O
too	O
much	O
to	O
take	O
had	O
to	O
sneak	O
in	O
naps	O
whenever	O
possible	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Li	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
79	B-CARDINAL


With	O
an	O
election	O
coming	O
up	O
,	O
the	O
battles	O
in	O
the	O
legislature	O
have	O
been	O
especially	O
hard	O
-	O
fought	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hao	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
:	I-PERSON


Self	O
-	O
made	O
Ethnographer	O


-LRB-	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Chiung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fang	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Vincent	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
David	B-PERSON
Mayer	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


If	O
you	O
take	O
an	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
aboriginal	O
tribes	O
of	O
central	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
long	O
before	O
you	O
run	O
into	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
matters	O
little	O
what	O
leads	O
to	O
this	O
interest	O
.	O


You	O
might	O
be	O
filming	O
a	O
documentary	O
or	O
writing	O
a	O
magazine	O
or	O
newspaper	O
article	O
.	O


You	O
might	O
be	O
engaged	O
in	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
powered	O
research	O
project	O
at	O
Academia	B-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
,	O
or	O
just	O
writing	O
a	O
graduate	O
thesis	O
.	O


In	O
any	O
case	O
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
copious	O
fieldwork	O
is	O
not	O
something	O
you	O
can	O
afford	O
to	O
ignore	O
.	O


Among	O
other	O
projects	O
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
Thao	B-NORP
-LRB-	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Shao	B-NORP
or	O
Sao	B-NORP
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
tiny	O
aboriginal	O
tribe	O
living	O
in	O
the	O
vicinity	O
of	O
Sun	B-LOC
Moon	I-LOC
Lake	I-LOC
,	O
looms	O
particularly	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Chichi	I-EVENT
earthquake	I-EVENT
,	O
for	O
the	O
temblor	O
has	O
dealt	O
a	O
heavy	O
blow	O
to	O
a	O
community	O
that	O
now	O
has	O
only	O
282	B-CARDINAL
members	O
left	O
.	O


Teng	B-PERSON
has	O
thrown	O
himself	O
wholeheartedly	O
into	O
the	O
task	O
of	O
rebuilding	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
village	O
where	O
the	O
Thao	B-NORP
remain	O
.	O


So	O
who	O
exactly	O
is	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
?	O


How	O
did	O
he	O
become	O
such	O
an	O
important	O
figure	O
in	O
the	O
academic	O
community	O
?	O


Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
had	O
originally	O
been	O
planning	O
to	O
catch	O
a	O
flight	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
23	I-DATE
to	O
celebrate	O
the	B-EVENT
Mid-Autumn	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
together	O
with	O
his	O
wife	O
and	O
children	O
.	O


Little	O
did	O
he	O
know	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
his	O
plans	O
would	O
be	O
interrupted	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
21	I-DATE
by	O
the	O
biggest	O
earthquake	O
to	O
hit	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
a	B-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
giant	O
jolt	O
in	O
the	B-TIME
wee	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
sent	O
Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
apartment	O
building	O
listing	O
and	O
caused	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
to	O
collapse	O
entirely	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
,	O
where	O
Teng	B-PERSON
ran	O
a	O
medical	O
testing	O
laboratory	O
,	O
a	O
quake	O
-	O
related	O
power	O
outage	O
prevented	O
him	O
from	O
opening	O
the	O
front	O
door	O
.	O


He	O
then	O
hung	O
a	O
rope	O
out	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
-	O
floor	O
window	O
and	O
lowered	O
himself	O
to	O
safety	O
,	O
injuring	O
his	O
hands	O
slightly	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
n't	O
too	O
worried	O
about	O
the	O
injuries	O
,	O
nor	O
was	O
the	O
destruction	O
of	O
his	O
laboratory	O
a	O
major	O
concern	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
extremely	O
anxious	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
ethnological	O
fieldwork	O
going	O
back	O
nearly	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
decades	I-DATE
.	O


For	O
Teng	B-PERSON
,	O
these	O
materials	O
were	O
priceless	O
treasures	O
.	O


"	O
Luckily	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Teng	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
I	O
managed	O
to	O
get	O
about	O
80	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
90	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
it	O
out	O
.	O
"	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
great	O
melting	O
pot	O


A	O
Hakka	B-NORP
from	O
the	O
township	O
of	O
Puli	B-GPE
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
was	O
born	O
in	O
1951	B-DATE
.	O


Puli	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
nearby	O
rural	O
townships	O
of	O
Yuchih	B-GPE
,	O
Kuohsing	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Jen'ai	B-GPE
comprise	O
an	O
area	O
known	O
as	O
Shuishalien	B-LOC
,	O
where	O
many	O
different	O
ethnic	O
groups	O
have	O
always	O
lived	O
side	O
-	O
by	O
-	O
side	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
Fujianese	B-NORP
,	O
Cantonese	B-NORP
,	O
Hakkas	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
the	O
Pingpu	B-NORP
aborigines	O
-LRB-	O
various	O
plains	O
-	O
dwelling	O
aboriginal	O
tribes	O
that	O
have	O
almost	O
completely	O
assimilated	O
into	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
Chinese	I-NORP
community	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
area	O
is	O
also	O
home	O
to	O
many	O
mountain	O
-	O
dwelling	O
aboriginal	O
tribes	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Atayal	B-NORP
,	O
Sediq	B-NORP
,	O
Bunun	B-NORP
,	O
Thao	B-NORP
,	O
Perugawan	B-NORP
,	O
Pazeh	B-NORP
,	O
Taokas	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
Murauts	B-NORP
.	O


Although	O
Teng	B-PERSON
makes	O
his	O
living	O
by	O
running	O
a	O
medical	O
testing	O
lab	O
,	O
a	O
fortunate	O
combination	O
of	O
circumstances	O
has	O
also	O
sparked	O
an	O
abiding	O
interest	O
in	O
ethnology	O
.	O


Explains	O
Teng	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
I	O
grew	O
up	O
listening	O
to	O
the	O
old	O
folks	O
tell	O
stories	O
about	O
the	O
aboriginal	O
tribes	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
talk	O
about	O
headhunting	O
expeditions	O
and	O
wars	O
.	O


They	O
used	O
to	O
scare	O
us	O
kids	O
by	O
saying	O
'	O
The	O
tribesmen	O
will	O
get	O
you	O
!	O
'	O
"	O


He	O
had	O
frequent	O
contact	O
with	O
aborigines	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
of	O
his	O
best	O
friends	O
in	O
school	O
were	O
aborigines	O
.	O


After	O
graduating	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Laboratory	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
at	O
Chungtai	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
took	O
up	O
an	O
internship	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Puli	I-ORG
Christian	I-ORG
Hospital	I-ORG
,	O
where	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
also	O
aborigines	O
.	O


In	O
1974	B-DATE
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
opened	O
a	O
medical	O
testing	O
laboratory	O
in	O
Puli	B-GPE
.	O


Besides	O
providing	O
Teng	B-PERSON
with	O
a	O
livelihood	O
,	O
the	O
lab	O
also	O
brought	O
him	O
into	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
aborigines	O
,	O
among	O
whom	O
he	O
would	O
make	O
many	O
friends	O
.	O


Tajik	B-PERSON
Bawan	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Atayal	B-NORP
tribe	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
met	O
Teng	B-PERSON
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
when	O
he	O
visited	O
the	O
lab	O
for	O
a	O
blood	O
test	O
.	O


Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
reputation	O
preceded	O
him	O
,	O
for	O
Bawan	B-PERSON
had	O
already	O
heard	O
about	O
"	O
the	O
mugan	O
-LRB-	O
Chinese	B-NORP
person	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
Puli	B-GPE
who	O
knows	O
a	O
lot	O
about	O
us	O
aborigines	O
.	O
"	O


Self	O
-	O
trained	O
ethnographer	O


Living	O
in	O
an	O
ethnically	O
complex	O
area	O
like	O
Puli	B-GPE
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
has	O
always	O
been	O
very	O
aware	O
of	O
ethnic	O
conflict	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
fusion	O
and	O
disappearance	O
of	O
cultures	O
.	O


In	O
1967	B-DATE
Wei	B-PERSON
Huei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lin	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
anthropology	O
professor	O
at	O
Academia	B-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
,	O
asked	O
Teng	B-PERSON
to	O
take	O
him	O
to	O
interview	O
aborigines	O
.	O


Teng	B-PERSON
picked	O
up	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
valuable	O
fieldwork	O
techniques	O
by	O
watching	O
Professor	O
Wei	B-PERSON
interview	O
the	O
old	O
folks	O
.	O


Thereafter	O
,	O
whenever	O
he	O
had	O
any	O
spare	O
time	O
he	O
would	O
go	O
visit	O
the	O
aborigines	O
and	O
chat	O
with	O
the	O
old	O
folks	O
.	O


Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
interest	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Wushe	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
of	O
1930	B-DATE
-LRB-	O
in	O
which	O
members	O
of	O
several	O
aboriginal	O
tribes	O
killed	O
over	O
100	B-CARDINAL
Japanese	B-NORP
people	O
in	O
the	O
village	O
of	O
Wushe	B-GPE
and	O
later	O
met	O
with	O
grave	O
retribution	O
from	O
the	O
colonial	O
authorities	O
-RRB-	O
was	O
piqued	O
when	O
his	O
father	O
gave	O
him	O
two	B-CARDINAL
documents	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
.	O


"	O
After	O
I	O
started	O
taking	O
an	O
active	O
interest	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Wushe	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
in	O
1981	B-DATE
,	O
people	O
warned	O
me	O
to	O
be	O
careful	O
.	O
"	O


Many	O
scholars	O
used	O
to	O
steer	O
clear	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
colonial	O
history	O
,	O
but	O
Teng	B-PERSON
happened	O
to	O
take	O
an	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
subject	O
just	O
as	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
society	O
was	O
beginning	O
to	O
become	O
more	O
liberal	O
.	O


The	O
fact	O
that	O
Teng	B-PERSON
was	O
not	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
academic	O
community	O
was	O
also	O
fortunate	O
,	O
for	O
it	O
freed	O
him	O
of	O
the	O
pressures	O
that	O
academics	O
must	O
deal	O
with	O
.	O


Says	O
Teng	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
This	O
was	O
about	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
my	O
hometown	O
.	O


I	O
felt	O
that	O
this	O
research	O
simply	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
.	O
"	O


Although	O
an	O
amateur	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
ethnography	O
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
is	O
highly	O
regarded	O
in	O
academic	O
circles	O
for	O
his	O
work	O
in	O
recording	O
the	O
oral	O
history	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
aborigines	O
.	O


His	O
good	O
friend	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Hao	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
teaches	O
in	O
junior	O
high	O
school	O
,	O
jokingly	O
calls	O
Teng	B-PERSON
"	B-ORG
the	I-ORG
Puli	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Ethnographic	I-ORG
Fieldwork	I-ORG
.	O
"	O


"	O
When	O
I	O
first	O
started	O
doing	O
my	O
fieldwork	O
there	O
were	O
still	O
about	O
20	B-CARDINAL
survivors	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Wushe	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
,	O
but	O
they	O
've	O
all	O
passed	O
away	O
now	O
.	O
"	O


According	O
to	O
Teng	B-PERSON
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
ones	O
lucky	O
enough	O
to	O
survive	O
were	O
extremely	O
reluctant	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
took	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
win	O
their	O
trust	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
did	O
succeed	O
eventually	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
had	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
factors	O
working	O
in	O
my	O
favor	O
.	O


Number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
I	O
was	O
n't	O
a	O
government	O
official	O
,	O
and	O
number	O
two	B-CARDINAL
,	O
I	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
medicine	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
were	O
n't	O
quite	O
so	O
wary	O
of	O
me	O
.	O
"	O


After	O
starting	O
off	O
with	O
such	O
subjects	O
as	O
religious	O
beliefs	O
and	O
tribal	O
customs	O
,	O
the	O
old	O
folks	O
slowly	O
got	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
where	O
they	O
were	O
willing	O
to	O
break	O
their	O
silence	O
on	O
more	O
sensitive	O
issues	O
.	O


Teng	B-PERSON
does	O
his	O
homework	O


In	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
anthropology	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
growing	O
trend	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
rely	O
on	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
field	O
studies	O
to	O
check	O
the	O
veracity	O
of	O
historical	O
records	O
.	O


Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
enjoys	O
close	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
aborigines	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
why	O
researchers	O
and	O
graduate	O
students	O
interested	O
in	O
studying	O
the	O
Austronesian	B-NORP
tribes	O
of	O
central	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
always	O
come	O
to	O
Puli	B-GPE
to	O
seek	O
Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
help	O
.	O


Teng	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
frequent	O
participant	O
in	O
research	O
projects	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
aboriginal	O
tribes	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
Academia	B-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
study	O
that	O
ran	O
from	O
1992	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
1996	I-DATE
and	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
cultural	O
and	O
kinship	O
ties	O
between	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
main	O
aboriginal	O
tribes	O
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
helped	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
Thao	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Pazeh	B-NORP
-LRB-	O
a	O
plains	O
-	O
dwelling	O
tribe	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
Mu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chu	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
researcher	O
at	O
Academia	B-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Institute	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Ethnology	I-ORG
,	O
"	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
status	O
as	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
medical	O
community	O
and	O
his	O
wide	O
contacts	O
among	O
the	O
aborigines	O
enabled	O
him	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
key	O
contribution	O
to	O
the	O
research	O
project	O
.	O
"	O


If	O
it	O
had	O
n't	O
been	O
for	O
Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
detailed	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
kinship	O
ties	O
in	O
some	O
clans	O
,	O
the	O
researchers	O
would	O
never	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
to	O
identify	O
pure	O
tribal	O
lineages	O
for	O
study	O
.	O


Says	O
Teng	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
The	O
scholars	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Ethnology	I-ORG
have	O
always	O
given	O
me	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
support	O
.	O
"	O


Having	O
received	O
so	O
much	O
help	O
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
has	O
practically	O
felt	O
an	O
obligation	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
count	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
medical	O
technician	O
without	O
formal	O
training	O
in	O
ethnology	O
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
qualifications	O
for	O
doing	O
fieldwork	O
have	O
been	O
questioned	O
by	O
some	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
work	O
is	O
highly	O
regarded	O
among	O
the	O
specialists	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Ethnology	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Linguistics	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Preparatory	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
two	B-CARDINAL
Academia	B-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
bodies	O
with	O
which	O
Teng	B-PERSON
has	O
worked	O
closely	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
Mu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chu	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
He	O
is	O
very	O
hard	O
working	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
fieldwork	O
methods	O
come	O
very	O
close	O
to	O
what	O
we	O
ask	O
of	O
academic	O
researchers	O
.	O
"	O


Hsu	B-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
Thao	B-NORP
is	O
especially	O
valuable	O
because	O
no	O
one	O
else	O
has	O
done	O
any	O
fieldwork	O
on	O
this	O
tribe	O
since	O
1958	B-DATE
.	O


Teng	B-PERSON
spent	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
recording	O
their	O
religious	O
festivals	O
,	O
marriage	O
customs	O
,	O
property	O
ownership	O
system	O
,	O
land	O
development	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


In	O
so	O
doing	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
done	O
much	O
to	O
make	O
up	O
for	O
40	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
neglect	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
theoretical	O
framework	O
used	O
by	O
anthropologists	O
must	O
be	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
fieldwork	O
,	O
and	O
Teng	B-PERSON
has	O
done	O
a	O
very	O
thorough	O
job	O
of	O
providing	O
excellent	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
hand	O
materials	O
.	O


Close	O
observation	O
over	O
an	O
extended	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
by	O
local	O
citizens	O
can	O
make	O
up	O
for	O
the	O
shortcomings	O
of	O
academic	O
research	O
.	O


Teng	B-PERSON
is	O
in	O
a	O
better	O
position	O
than	O
a	O
professional	O
researcher	O
to	O
engage	O
in	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
observation	O
of	O
the	O
month	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
long	I-DATE
harvest	O
festival	O
of	O
the	O
Thao	B-NORP
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
lives	O
in	O
the	O
local	O
area	O
.	O


Thus	O
it	O
is	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
record	O
the	O
Thao	B-NORP
tribe	O
's	O
religious	O
festivals	O
over	O
a	O
long	O
period	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
been	O
very	O
helpful	O
for	O
researchers	O
.	O


Hsu	B-PERSON
Mu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chu	I-PERSON
is	O
now	O
writing	O
a	O
book	O
on	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
Thao	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
is	O
relying	O
heavily	O
on	O
Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
work	O
.	O


Honorary	O
Sediq	B-NORP


In	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
's	O
opinion	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
deep	O
concern	O
for	O
his	O
fellow	O
human	O
beings	O
that	O
has	O
enabled	O
him	O
to	O
devote	O
so	O
much	O
of	O
himself	O
for	O
such	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
to	O
his	O
fieldwork	O
.	O


"	O
It	O
is	O
n't	O
every	O
anthropologist	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
who	O
shows	O
this	O
quality	O
.	O
"	O


This	O
concern	O
for	O
his	O
fellow	O
human	O
beings	O
has	O
earned	O
Teng	B-PERSON
many	O
friends	O
among	O
the	O
aborigines	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
such	O
friend	O
is	O
a	O
man	O
named	O
Takken	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Chinese	B-NORP
name	O
:	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
great	O
-	O
grandson	O
of	O
a	O
tribal	O
chieftain	O
.	O


His	O
grandfather	O
and	O
grandmother	O
were	O
survivors	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Wushe	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
,	O
but	O
they	O
had	O
always	O
been	O
unwilling	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


Says	O
Takken	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
I	O
had	O
never	O
even	O
heard	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Wushe	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
when	O
I	O
was	O
a	O
kid	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
only	O
after	O
I	O
entered	O
the	O
university	O
that	O
people	O
gradually	O
started	O
talking	O
about	O
it	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
unusual	O
for	O
someone	O
,	O
purely	O
out	O
of	O
personal	O
interest	O
and	O
concern	O
,	O
to	O
visit	O
old	O
folks	O
in	O
so	O
many	O
tribes	O
and	O
do	O
a	O
systematic	O
study	O
of	O
their	O
history	O
.	O


"	O
Our	O
ancestors	O
owe	O
him	O
a	O
great	O
debt	O
.	O
"	O


Says	O
the	O
teacher	O
Tajis	B-PERSON
Bawan	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
Before	O
I	O
met	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
,	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
very	O
clear	O
image	O
of	O
who	O
we	O
were	O
as	O
a	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
had	O
only	O
heard	O
unsubstantiated	O
rumors	O
and	O
snippets	O
about	O
the	B-EVENT
Wushe	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
.	O
"	O


Later	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
invited	O
to	O
accompany	O
Teng	B-PERSON
on	O
his	O
trips	O
to	O
interview	O
old	O
folks	O
in	O
the	O
mountains	O
.	O


These	O
forays	O
were	O
very	O
moving	O
experiences	O
for	O
Bawan	B-PERSON
.	O


"	O
Here	O
this	O
man	O
is	O
not	O
even	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
our	O
tribe	O
,	O
yet	O
he	O
has	O
been	O
spending	O
so	O
much	O
time	O
and	O
effort	O
on	O
our	O
behalf	O
.	O


How	O
can	O
we	O
be	O
content	O
to	O
know	O
nothing	O
about	O
ourselves	O
?	O
"	O


With	O
Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
encouragement	O
,	O
Bawan	B-PERSON
started	O
interviewing	O
old	O
folks	O
on	O
his	O
own	O
and	O
recording	O
his	O
tribe	O
's	O
eating	O
habits	O
,	O
manner	O
of	O
dress	O
,	O
housing	O
,	O
geographic	O
distribution	O
,	O
arts	O
,	O
folk	O
legends	O
,	O
daily	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
traditions	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
Atayal	B-NORP
people	O
who	O
view	O
Teng	B-PERSON
with	O
suspicion	O
,	O
saying	O
,	O
"	O
He	O
's	O
just	O
another	O
plains	O
dweller	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
money	O
.	O
"	O


Others	O
have	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
He	O
's	O
out	O
to	O
become	O
famous	O
.	O
"	O


Bawan	B-PERSON
,	O
too	O
,	O
had	O
once	O
harbored	O
such	O
suspicions	O
,	O
but	O
since	O
getting	O
involved	O
in	O
fieldwork	O
himself	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
discovered	O
how	O
quickly	O
the	O
expenses	O
add	O
up	O
for	O
transportation	O
,	O
development	O
of	O
slides	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
much	O
more	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
is	O
it	O
not	O
a	O
money	O
-	O
making	O
proposition	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
actually	O
a	O
drain	O
on	O
one	O
's	O
personal	O
finances	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
fame	O
,	O
Bawan	B-PERSON
asks	O
,	O
"	O
So	O
what	O
if	O
he	O
has	O
become	O
famous	O
?	O


It	O
did	O
n't	O
happen	O
overnight	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-DATE
nearly	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
that	O
he	O
's	O
devoted	O
himself	O
to	O
his	O
fieldwork	O
,	O
making	O
a	O
name	O
for	O
himself	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
last	O
thing	O
on	O
his	O
mind	O
.	O
"	O


To	O
thank	O
him	O
for	O
his	O
contributions	O
to	O
their	O
tribe	O
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
Atayal	B-NORP
friends	O
call	O
him	O
"	O
Hiro	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
which	O
means	O
"	O
sun	O
"	O
in	O
Sediq	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


Bawan	B-PERSON
simply	O
considers	O
him	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Atayal	B-NORP
tribe	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
we	O
are	O
the	O
Atayal	B-NORP
nation	O
,	O
then	O
he	O
is	O
an	O
honorary	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Sediq	B-NORP
.	O
"	O


-LRB-	O
The	O
Sediq	B-NORP
are	O
one	O
branch	O
of	O
the	O
Atayal	B-NORP
tribe	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
Thao	B-NORP
have	O
also	O
conferred	O
similar	O
status	O
upon	O
Teng	B-PERSON
,	O
whom	O
they	O
call	O
"	O
Ita	B-PERSON
Thao	I-PERSON
"	O
-LRB-	O
"	O
one	O
of	O
us	O
Thao	B-NORP
"	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Kudos	O
and	O
criticism	O


Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
has	O
written	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
articles	O
based	O
on	O
his	O
years	O
of	O
fieldwork	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
"	O
Tracing	B-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Origins	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Written	I-WORK_OF_ART
Language	I-WORK_OF_ART
Among	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Plains	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dwelling	I-WORK_OF_ART
Aborigines	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Puli	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
"	O
Why	B-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Languages	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Plains	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dwelling	I-WORK_OF_ART
Aborigines	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Puli	I-WORK_OF_ART
Basin	I-WORK_OF_ART
Have	I-WORK_OF_ART
Disappeared	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
"	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Effect	I-WORK_OF_ART
Upon	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Thao	I-WORK_OF_ART
Tribe	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Han	I-WORK_OF_ART
Chinese	I-WORK_OF_ART
Settlement	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Shuishalien	I-WORK_OF_ART
Area	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


He	O
has	O
also	O
written	O
several	O
books	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
"	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Wushe	I-WORK_OF_ART
Incident	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
"	O
Thick	B-WORK_OF_ART
Fog	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dark	I-WORK_OF_ART
Clouds	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Face	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Thao	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


The	B-EVENT
Wushe	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
,	O
which	O
was	O
selected	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
best	O
books	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
provides	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
history	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Wushe	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
and	O
includes	O
many	O
valuable	O
historical	O
photos	O
.	O


With	O
a	O
keen	O
sense	O
of	O
pathos	O
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
writes	O
,	O
"	O
Misunderstandings	O
and	O
hatred	O
born	O
of	O
cultural	O
differences	O
and	O
ethnic	O
divisions	O
were	O
the	O
main	O
culprits	O
behind	O
the	B-EVENT
Wushe	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
.	O
"	O


In	O
1993	B-DATE
Teng	B-PERSON
won	O
the	O
16th	B-ORDINAL
China	B-WORK_OF_ART
Times	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	I-WORK_OF_ART
Nonfiction	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	O
Thick	B-WORK_OF_ART
Fog	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dark	I-WORK_OF_ART
Clouds	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Aftermath	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Wushe	I-WORK_OF_ART
Incident	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	I-WORK_OF_ART
an	I-WORK_OF_ART
Atayal	I-WORK_OF_ART
family	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Thick	B-WORK_OF_ART
Fog	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dark	I-WORK_OF_ART
Clouds	I-WORK_OF_ART
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
Yawai	B-PERSON
Taimo	I-PERSON
,	O
daughter	O
of	O
an	O
Atayal	B-NORP
chieftain	O
.	O


In	O
connection	O
with	O
the	O
plan	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
colonial	O
authorities	O
to	O
pacify	O
the	O
"	O
barbarians	O
,	O
"	O
Yawai	B-PERSON
was	O
married	O
off	O
in	O
1912	B-DATE
to	O
Sazuka	B-PERSON
Narusuke	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
top	O
-	O
ranking	O
police	O
official	O
in	O
Wushe	B-GPE
.	O


Unfortunately	O
for	O
Yawai	B-PERSON
,	O
the	B-EVENT
Wushe	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
of	O
1930	B-DATE
put	O
people	O
from	O
mixed	O
marriages	O
like	O
hers	O
in	O
a	O
complex	O
predicament	O
.	O


Amidst	O
the	O
burning	O
ethnic	O
tensions	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
developing	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
personal	O
identity	O
was	O
especially	O
difficult	O
for	O
the	O
children	O
,	O
who	O
hardly	O
knew	O
whether	O
to	O
consider	O
themselves	O
Japanese	B-NORP
,	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
,	O
Atayal	B-NORP
,	O
or	O
Chinese	B-NORP
.	O


Thick	B-WORK_OF_ART
Fog	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dark	I-WORK_OF_ART
Clouds	I-WORK_OF_ART
is	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
innocent	O
,	O
helpless	O
victims	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
turbulent	O
history	O
.	O


Li	B-PERSON
Jen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuei	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
Academia	B-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Institute	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Linguistics	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Preparatory	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
,	O
wrote	O
as	O
follows	O
in	O
the	O
book	O
's	O
preface	O
:	O


"	O
Much	O
has	O
been	O
written	O
about	O
the	B-EVENT
Wushe	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
,	O
but	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
is	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
with	O
such	O
depth	O
and	O
feeling	O
.	O
"	O


Teng	B-PERSON
,	O
however	O
,	O
feels	O
rather	O
uncomfortable	O
about	O
winning	O
a	O
prize	O
for	O
nonfiction	O
with	O
his	O
very	O
first	B-ORDINAL
book	O
.	O


"	O
It	O
's	O
not	O
that	O
my	O
writing	O
was	O
all	O
that	O
good	O
.	O


The	O
story	O
itself	O
is	O
just	O
very	O
compelling	O
.	O
"	O


After	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
field	O
research	O
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
wrote	O
the	O
book	O
-LRB-	O
over	B-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
pages	O
long	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
just	O
five	B-DATE
evenings	I-DATE
and	O
then	O
let	O
his	O
friends	O
read	O
the	O
manuscript	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
friends	O
,	O
the	O
highly	O
successful	O
nonfiction	O
writer	O
Liao	B-PERSON
Chia	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chan	I-PERSON
,	O
had	O
only	O
gotten	O
five	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
into	O
the	O
book	O
before	O
exclaiming	O
,	O
"	O
This	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
win	O
literary	O
prizes	O
!	O
"	O


Little	O
did	O
he	O
know	O
that	O
his	O
words	O
would	O
prove	O
prophetic	O
.	O


Says	O
Liao	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
A	O
professional	O
writer	O
could	O
never	O
go	O
that	O
long	O
without	O
writing	O
anything	O
,	O
but	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
make	O
his	O
living	O
as	O
a	O
writer	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
enabled	O
him	O
to	O
let	O
the	O
book	O
gradually	O
take	O
shape	O
over	O
a	O
long	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
.	O
"	O


Right	O
after	O
winning	O
the	O
literary	O
prize	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
was	O
hit	O
with	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
by	O
the	O
grandson	O
of	O
Shimoyama	B-PERSON
Hiroshi	I-PERSON
and	O
Sazuka	B-PERSON
Toyoko	I-PERSON
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
people	O
that	O
Teng	B-PERSON
wrote	O
about	O
in	O
the	O
book	O
.	O


The	O
suit	O
charges	O
Teng	B-PERSON
with	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
counts	O
of	O
libel	O
.	O


Puli	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
ambassador	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
"	O


The	O
lawsuit	O
was	O
just	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
string	O
of	O
misfortunes	O
for	O
Teng	B-PERSON
.	O


A	O
nephew	O
taking	O
part	O
in	O
fieldwork	O
fell	O
into	O
Sun	B-LOC
Moon	I-LOC
Lake	I-LOC
and	O
drowned	O
.	O


Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
older	O
sister	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
cared	O
for	O
him	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
growing	O
up	O
,	O
died	O
from	O
cancer	O
.	O


Deeply	O
dispirited	O
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
put	O
his	O
fieldwork	O
aside	O
and	O
moved	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
with	O
his	O
family	O
in	O
1995	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
move	O
was	O
greeted	O
with	O
criticism	O
:	O


"	O
All	O
that	O
talk	O
about	O
his	O
love	O
for	O
Puli	B-GPE
was	O
just	O
a	O
put	O
-	O
on	O
.	O
"	O


Teng	B-PERSON
,	O
however	O
,	O
responded	O
,	O
"	O
We	O
are	O
moving	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
mainly	O
for	O
our	O
children	O
's	O
education	O
.	O


I	O
myself	O
am	O
not	O
leaving	O
Puli	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
bringing	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
back	O
here	O
with	O
me	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
his	O
view	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
much	O
that	O
we	O
could	O
learn	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
,	O
including	O
its	O
emphasis	O
on	O
lifelong	O
learning	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
sorted	O
waste	O
collection	O
.	O


His	O
good	O
friend	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Hao	I-PERSON
jokingly	O
calls	O
Teng	B-PERSON
"	O
Puli	B-GPE
's	O
ambassador	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
.	O
"	O


On	O
one	B-CARDINAL
visit	O
back	O
home	O
,	O
people	O
who	O
had	O
once	O
collaborated	O
in	O
his	O
fieldwork	O
asked	O
him	O
to	O
help	O
formulate	O
a	O
community	O
development	O
project	O
for	O
Puli	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
a	O
group	O
that	O
had	O
taken	O
part	O
in	O
his	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
Thao	B-NORP
tribe	O
asked	O
him	O
to	O
get	O
back	O
into	O
fieldwork	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
it	O
was	O
that	O
the	O
gravity	O
of	O
hometown	O
,	O
friends	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
land	O
pulled	O
Teng	B-PERSON
back	O
to	O
Puli	B-GPE
again	O
.	O


Leaving	O
his	O
wife	O
and	O
children	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
,	O
he	O
returned	O
to	O
Puli	B-GPE
to	O
resume	O
his	O
unfinished	O
work	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
tried	O
to	O
write	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
,	O
but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
whether	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
easy	O
life	O
or	O
the	O
distance	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
could	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
.	O
"	O


Since	O
returning	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
he	O
still	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
concentrate	O
on	O
his	O
writing	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
'm	O
too	O
involved	O
in	O
local	O
affairs	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
more	O
errands	O
and	O
busywork	O
than	O
I	O
have	O
time	O
for	O
.	O
"	O


According	O
to	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Hao	I-PERSON
,	O
personal	O
relationships	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
town	O
like	O
Puli	B-GPE
are	O
very	O
close	O
,	O
and	O
anyone	O
with	O
an	O
outspoken	O
personality	O
ends	O
up	O
getting	O
forced	O
into	O
all	O
sorts	O
of	O
civic	O
responsibilities	O
.	O


Teng	B-PERSON
happens	O
to	O
be	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
more	O
outspoken	O
types	O
in	O
Puli	B-GPE
.	O


Teng	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
person	O
that	O
many	O
people	O
meet	O
when	O
visiting	O
Puli	B-GPE
.	O


Not	O
long	O
after	O
Li	B-PERSON
Chia	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tung	I-PERSON
became	O
president	O
of	O
National	B-ORG
Chi	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Nan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
he	O
made	O
it	O
a	O
point	O
to	O
visit	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
and	O
Liao	B-PERSON
Chia	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chan	I-PERSON
to	O
discuss	O
ways	O
to	O
strengthen	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
university	O
and	O
the	O
local	O
community	O
.	O


Teng	B-PERSON
is	O
thus	O
very	O
well	O
known	O
in	O
Puli	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
extremely	O
active	O
in	O
community	O
affairs	O
.	O


The	O
list	O
of	O
projects	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
has	O
been	O
involved	O
is	O
long	O
:	O


a	O
comprehensive	O
community	O
development	O
project	O
;	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
preserve	O
the	O
Tamalin	B-LOC
archeological	O
site	O
;	O
the	O
writing	O
of	O
the	O
section	O
on	O
aboriginal	O
culture	O
in	O
a	O
textbook	O
on	O
native	O
culture	O
in	O
Nantou	B-GPE
;	O
the	B-EVENT
Puli	I-EVENT
Music	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
Arts	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
;	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
persuade	O
Academia	B-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
to	O
establish	O
a	O
campus	O
in	O
Puli	B-GPE
;	O
etc	O
.	O


Passing	O
the	O
torch	O


Teng	B-PERSON
had	O
originally	O
set	O
himself	O
a	O
goal	O
of	O
getting	O
his	O
tenth	B-ORDINAL
book	O
written	O
and	O
published	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


With	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
material	O
on	O
hand	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
the	O
book	O
already	O
written	O
,	O
all	O
he	O
needed	O
to	O
do	O
was	O
add	O
the	O
finishing	O
touches	O
.	O


Part	O
of	O
the	O
book	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
Inoue	B-PERSON
Hajime	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Japanese	B-NORP
doctor	O
whose	O
life	O
Teng	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
studying	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Says	O
Teng	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
After	O
Inoue	B-PERSON
's	O
father	O
met	O
his	O
death	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
at	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
aborigines	O
on	O
a	O
head	O
hunting	O
expedition	O
,	O
Inoue	B-PERSON
swore	O
to	O
'	O
avenge	O
'	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
death	O
with	O
kindness	O
.	O


He	O
ended	O
up	O
living	O
38	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
among	O
the	O
aborigines	O
,	O
not	O
even	O
returning	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
when	O
his	O
mother	O
passed	O
away	O
.	O


He	O
finally	O
left	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
1947	B-DATE
.	O


When	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
January	I-DATE
and	O
paid	O
my	O
respects	O
at	O
his	O
grave	O
,	O
I	O
discovered	O
that	O
his	O
gravestone	O
was	O
inscribed	O
in	O
Atayal	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


I	O
used	O
to	O
cry	O
every	O
time	O
I	O
talked	O
about	O
this	O
wonderful	O
doctor	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
'm	O
getting	O
a	O
little	O
less	O
emotional	O
about	O
it	O
as	O
time	O
goes	O
by	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
to	O
hurry	O
up	O
and	O
get	O
the	O
book	O
written	O
.	O
"	O


Teng	B-PERSON
had	O
been	O
planning	O
to	O
pass	O
the	O
torch	O
to	O
others	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
community	O
affairs	O
and	O
in	O
his	O
efforts	O
to	O
collect	O
the	O
oral	O
histories	O
of	O
the	O
aborigines	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
've	O
done	O
my	O
bit	O
,	O
"	O
said	O
Teng	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
and	O
soon	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
time	O
to	O
let	O
the	O
aborigines	O
speak	O
for	O
themselves	O
.	O
"	O


Then	O
the	O
earthquake	O
threw	O
a	O
wrench	O
in	O
Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
plans	O
.	O


After	O
his	O
medical	O
laboratory	O
was	O
destroyed	O
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
characteristically	O
reacted	O
by	O
throwing	O
his	O
energies	O
into	O
the	O
task	O
of	O
rebuilding	O
the	O
local	O
community	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
kept	O
himself	O
busy	O
preparing	O
posters	O
,	O
organizing	O
a	O
community	O
newspaper	O
,	O
and	O
establishing	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
Puli	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
.	O
"	O


Says	O
Teng	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
Puli	B-GPE
wo	O
n't	O
let	O
me	O
go	O
!	O
"	O


The	O
effort	O
to	O
rebuild	O
the	O
community	O
takes	O
precedence	O
over	O
everything	O
else	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
looks	O
like	O
Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
writing	O
plans	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
postponed	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
remains	O
certain	O
-	O


Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
love	O
for	O
Puli	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
aborigines	O
will	O
never	O
fade	O
.	O


p.	O
96	B-CARDINAL


The	B-EVENT
Wushe	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
was	O
a	O
taboo	O
subject	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
in	O
the	O
academic	O
community	O
,	O
but	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
interest	O
was	O
piqued	O
when	O
his	O
father	O
gave	O
him	O
two	B-CARDINAL
documents	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
incident	O
.	O


p.	O
96	B-CARDINAL


Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
grew	O
up	O
in	O
Puli	B-GPE
at	O
the	O
foot	O
of	O
Mt.	B-LOC
Niumien	I-LOC
,	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
walking	O
repository	O
of	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
Atayal	B-NORP
and	O
Thao	B-NORP
tribes	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
-	O
assimilated	O
descendants	O
of	O
various	O
former	O
plains	O
-	O
dwelling	O
aboriginal	O
tribes	O
.	O


Anyone	O
interested	O
in	O
doing	O
ethnography	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
is	O
sure	O
to	O
seek	O
Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
advice	O
.	O


p.	O
97	B-CARDINAL


Thick	B-WORK_OF_ART
Fog	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dark	I-WORK_OF_ART
Clouds	I-WORK_OF_ART
tells	O
the	O
tale	O
of	O
what	O
befell	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Atayal	B-NORP
family	O
after	O
the	B-EVENT
Wushe	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
.	O


The	O
tides	O
of	O
history	O
played	O
a	O
decisive	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
Yawai	B-PERSON
Taimo	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
experienced	O
many	O
dramatic	O
and	O
sometimes	O
tragic	O
twists	O
of	O
fate	O
.	O


p.	O
98	B-CARDINAL


Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
can	O
often	O
be	O
found	O
at	O
festivals	O
and	O
ceremonies	O
of	O
the	O
Thao	B-NORP
tribe	O
,	O
who	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
regard	O
him	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
their	O
own	O
.	O


p.	O
101	B-CARDINAL


Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
is	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
friend	O
to	O
the	O
aborigines	O
of	O
Puli	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
also	O
has	O
a	O
hand	O
in	O
looking	O
after	O
their	O
health	O
.	O


The	O
Thao	B-NORP
man	O
pictured	O
here	O
,	O
who	O
has	O
long	O
suffered	O
from	O
gout	O
,	O
has	O
come	O
to	O
ask	O
for	O
Teng	B-PERSON
's	O
medical	O
advice	O
.	O


p.	O
102	B-CARDINAL


Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
medical	O
lab	O
and	O
home	O
were	O
destroyed	O
in	O
the	O
September	B-DATE
21	I-DATE
earthquake	O
.	O


Teng	B-PERSON
scrambled	O
among	O
the	O
rubble	O
to	O
save	O
his	O
most	O
highly	O
prized	O
possessions	O
-	O
material	O
gathered	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
years	O
of	O
ethnographic	O
fieldwork	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
103	B-CARDINAL


After	O
his	O
wife	O
and	O
children	O
moved	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
returned	O
alone	O
for	O
an	O
extended	O
stay	O
in	O
Puli	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
his	O
only	O
companionship	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
houseful	O
of	O
research	O
materials	O
.	O


Walking	O
the	O
Safe	O
and	O
Narrow	O


New	O
Strategic	O
Thinking	O
for	O
the	O
Defense	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE


-LRB-	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Diago	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
/	O


tr.	O
by	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Newell	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
last	O
of	O
this	O
generation	O
of	O
domestically	O
produced	O
Ching	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
kuo	I-PRODUCT
fighter	I-PRODUCT
planes	I-PRODUCT
takes	O
off	O
for	O
routine	O
maneuvers	O
.	O


Defense	O
thinking	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
changing	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
challenges	O
of	O
advanced	O
technology	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Chinese	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
of	O
the	B-DATE
new	I-DATE
millenium	I-DATE
approaches	O
,	O
changes	O
are	O
underway	O
which	O
are	O
drawing	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
prospects	O
for	O
military	O
and	O
defense	O
affairs	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
has	O
finally	O
passed	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
discussed	O
National	B-LAW
Defense	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
and	O
Coastal	B-LAW
Defense	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
.	O


These	O
establish	O
new	O
regulations	O
governing	O
issues	O
which	O
have	O
long	O
been	O
a	O
focus	O
of	O
public	O
concern	O
,	O
including	O
unification	O
of	O
the	O
military	O
chain	O
of	O
command	O
,	O
alteration	O
of	O
the	O
weapons	O
procurement	O
process	O
,	O
establishment	O
of	O
a	O
flexible	O
military	O
service	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
transfer	O
of	O
defense	O
responsibilities	O
for	O
remote	O
offshore	O
islands	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
battle	O
heats	O
up	O
,	O
cross-strait	O
security	O
issues	O
-	O
especially	O
those	O
related	O
to	O
missiles	O
and	O
missile	O
defense	O
-	O
have	O
again	O
come	O
up	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
candidates	O
rushing	O
to	O
put	O
forward	O
their	O
own	O
strategic	O
thinking	O
.	O


Faced	O
with	O
the	O
turbulent	O
cross-strait	O
situation	O
,	O
can	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
military	O
ensure	O
security	O
?	O


How	O
should	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
respond	O
to	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
active	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
missile	O
attack	O
capability	O
?	O


Will	O
pro-active	O
construction	O
of	O
a	O
missile	O
defense	O
system	O
raise	O
tensions	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
?	O


How	O
can	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
defend	O
itself	O
without	O
provoking	O
an	O
irrational	O
response	O
from	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
?	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
national	O
defense	O
topics	O
have	O
been	O
especially	O
hot	O
in	O
this	B-DATE
new	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
is	O
that	O
defense	O
of	O
the	O
remote	O
Pratas	B-LOC
and	O
Spratley	B-LOC
Islands	I-LOC
will	O
be	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Coast	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
Command	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
is	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
missile	O
defense	O
.	O


Both	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
presidential	O
candidate	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
and	O
Democratic	B-ORG
Progressive	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
presidential	O
candidate	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
have	O
commented	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
December	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
a	O
seminar	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Armed	I-ORG
Forces	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
entitled	O
"	O
Transmillennial	B-EVENT
National	I-EVENT
Security	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
Military	I-EVENT
Strategy	I-EVENT
,	O
"	O
Lien	B-PERSON
delivered	O
an	O
address	O
entitled	O
"	O
National	B-WORK_OF_ART
Defense	I-WORK_OF_ART
Strategy	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Construction	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
New	I-WORK_OF_ART
Century	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


He	O
suggested	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
will	O
have	O
to	O
develop	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
missiles	O
to	O
counter	O
the	O
mainland	O
Chinese	B-NORP
military	O
threat	O
.	O


While	O
"	O
effective	O
deterrence	O
"	O
would	O
remain	O
the	O
cornerstone	O
of	O
strategy	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
passive	O
,	O
said	O
Lien	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
"	O
pro-active	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
new	O
generation	O
of	O
military	O
capability	O
will	O
be	O
based	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
"	O
offensive	O
defense	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
best	O
defense	O
is	O
....	O


Chen	B-PERSON
raised	O
a	O
similar	O
idea	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
"	O
Defense	B-WORK_OF_ART
Policy	I-WORK_OF_ART
White	I-WORK_OF_ART
Paper	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
he	O
proposed	O
developing	O
medium	O
-	O
and	O
short	O
-	O
range	O
surface	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
surface	O
missiles	O
.	O


Obviously	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
experience	O
of	O
the	O
1996	B-DATE
Taiwan	B-EVENT
Strait	I-EVENT
missile	I-EVENT
crisis	I-EVENT
,	O
people	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
considered	O
defending	O
the	O
island	O
against	O
mainland	O
Chinese	B-NORP
missile	O
attack	O
to	O
be	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
foremost	O
defense	O
problems	O
.	O


Interestingly	O
,	O
even	O
as	O
such	O
"	O
pro-active	O
defense	O
"	O
ideas	O
are	O
being	O
proposed	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
MND	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
has	O
made	O
a	O
seemingly	O
contrary	O
move	O
:	O
It	O
has	O
announced	O
that	O
military	O
forces	O
will	O
be	O
withdrawn	O
from	O
the	O
remote	O
offshore	O
Pratas	B-LOC
and	O
Spratley	B-LOC
islands	I-LOC
,	O
and	O
that	O
responsibility	O
for	O
these	O
islands	O
and	O
for	O
coastal	O
patrolling	O
will	O
be	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Coast	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
MND	B-ORG
argues	O
that	O
since	O
the	O
military	O
is	O
being	O
streamlined	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
concentrate	O
defense	O
forces	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
Penghu	B-GPE
,	O
Kinmen	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Matsu	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
defense	O
of	O
the	O
Pratas	B-LOC
and	O
Spratley	B-LOC
islands	I-LOC
-	O
which	O
are	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
South	I-LOC
China	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
-	O
and	O
the	O
protection	O
of	O
coastal	O
fishing	O
vessels	O
and	O
coastal	O
security	O
should	O
be	O
left	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Coast	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
.	O


Withdrawing	O
from	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
islands	O
groups	O
while	O
moving	O
actively	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
missile	O
system	O
may	O
look	O
like	O
contradictory	O
moves	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
fact	O
they	O
're	O
both	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
military	O
blueprint	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
-	O
the	O
abandonment	O
of	O
initial	O
use	O
of	O
military	O
force	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
retaliate	O
when	O
attacked	O
.	O


The	O
military	O
blueprint	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
new	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
is	O
still	O
being	O
drawn	O
up	O
.	O


The	O
stimulus	O
for	O
these	O
new	O
ideas	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
aggressive	O
military	O
deployments	O
by	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
aimed	O
at	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Cheng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yi	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
research	O
fellow	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
European	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
American	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-ORG
Academia	I-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
successful	O
testing	O
by	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
of	O
missiles	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
has	O
altered	O
the	O
lines	O
of	O
strategic	O
thought	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
strait	O
.	O


Guided	O
missiles	O
have	O
replaced	O
aircraft	O
as	O
the	O
major	O
threat	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
also	O
constructed	O
short	O
-	O
range	O
surface	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
surface	O
missile	O
bases	O
along	O
its	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Coast	I-LOC
which	O
are	O
specifically	O
targeted	O
at	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


According	O
to	O
a	O
report	O
in	O
the	O
December	B-DATE
22	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1999	I-DATE
Washington	B-ORG
Post	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
US	B-GPE
reconnaissance	O
satellites	O
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
had	O
begun	O
constructing	O
a	O
new	O
air	O
defense	O
missile	O
base	O
in	O
the	O
Zhangzhou	B-GPE
region	O
along	O
the	O
southeast	O
coast	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Cheng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yi	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
,	O
besides	O
rapidly	O
building	O
missile	O
bases	O
,	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
has	O
repeatedly	O
stated	O
that	O
"	O
there	O
should	O
be	O
a	O
timetable	O
for	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
problem	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
PRC	B-GPE
's	O
extremely	O
assertive	O
deployment	O
of	O
armed	O
capability	O
opposite	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
deeply	O
felt	O
in	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
.	O


If	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
does	O
not	O
respond	O
in	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
forced	O
into	O
an	O
increasingly	O
passive	O
position	O
.	O


Lt.	O
Gen.	O
Fuh	B-PERSON
Wei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ku	I-PERSON
,	O
commandant	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Command	I-ORG
and	O
General	B-ORG
Staff	I-ORG
College	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-ORG
Armed	I-ORG
Forces	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
notes	O
that	O
for	O
the	O
moment	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
still	O
has	O
a	O
slight	O
edge	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
air	O
defense	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
widely	O
estimated	O
that	O
by	O
2005	B-DATE
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
shift	O
in	O
the	O
military	O
capabilities	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
.	O


Although	O
this	O
prediction	O
is	O
not	O
necessarily	O
accurate	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
should	O
work	O
to	O
maintain	O
its	O
edge	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
guarantee	O
peace	O
through	O
strength	O
.	O


Fuh	B-PERSON
Wei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ku	I-PERSON
offers	O
the	O
following	O
analysis	O
:	O
Currently	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
weapons	O
which	O
pose	O
the	O
greatest	O
threat	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
are	O
Sukhoi	B-PRODUCT
aircraft	I-PRODUCT
,	O
M	O
-	O
class	O
missiles	O
,	O
and	O
cruise	O
missiles	O
.	O


Of	O
these	O
,	O
the	O
aircraft	O
are	O
already	O
strategically	O
of	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
rank	O
,	O
but	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
must	O
be	O
alert	O
to	O
the	O
missiles	O
.	O


The	O
M	O
-	O
class	O
weapons	O
can	O
pass	O
through	O
the	O
stratosphere	O
directly	O
into	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
rear	O
areas	O
,	O
while	O
cruise	O
missiles	O
can	O
undertake	O
low	O
-	O
level	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
attacks	O
.	O


"	O
We	O
can	O
defend	O
against	O
the	O
M	O
-	O
class	O
missiles	O
with	O
our	O
Patriot	O
missile	O
defense	O
system	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
currently	O
have	O
only	O
limited	O
ability	O
to	O
intercept	O
cruise	O
missiles	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
important	O
subject	O
for	O
the	O
moment	O
is	O
to	O
rethink	O
air	O
defense	O
strategy	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Missile	O
difficulties	O


Any	O
discussion	O
of	O
missiles	O
also	O
involves	O
many	O
other	O
issues	O
,	O
including	O
international	O
strategy	O
and	O
domestic	O
civilian	O
morale	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
of	O
international	O
strategy	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
clearly	O
does	O
not	O
want	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
develop	O
its	O
own	O
offensive	O
missile	O
capability	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
responded	O
negatively	O
to	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
proposal	O
to	O
build	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
missiles	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
end	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
year	O
press	O
conference	O
,	O
US	B-GPE
Under	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
for	O
Arms	O
Control	O
John	B-PERSON
Holum	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
did	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
take	O
any	O
action	O
which	O
would	O
violate	O
the	O
basic	O
norms	O
of	O
the	O
1987	B-DATE
Missile	B-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Control	I-ORG
Regime	I-ORG
.	O


Thus	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
would	O
not	O
be	O
happy	O
to	O
see	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
develop	O
offensive	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
missile	O
systems	O
.	O


Kuo	B-PERSON
Cheng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
liang	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
professor	O
of	O
political	O
science	O
at	O
Soochow	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
opposes	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
development	O
of	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
missiles	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
's	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
strategy	O
vis	O
-	O
a	O
-	O
vis	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
has	O
always	O
been	O
responsible	O
for	O
strategic	O
deterrence	O
,	O
while	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
handles	O
local	O
tactical	O
defense	O
.	O


If	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
were	O
to	O
develop	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
missiles	O
,	O
this	O
would	O
change	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
defensive	O
posture	O
,	O
and	O
alter	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
-	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
division	O
of	O
labor	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
another	O
possibility	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
defending	O
against	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
missiles	O
from	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
.	O


Besides	O
building	O
offensive	O
systems	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
could	O
also	O
join	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
Theater	B-ORG
Missile	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
TMD	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
plan	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
feasible	O
,	O
says	O
Bih	B-PERSON
Chung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ho	I-PERSON
,	O
editor	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
chief	O
of	O
the	O
defense	O
magazine	O
Defense	B-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Monthly	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
says	O
that	O
if	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
were	O
to	O
join	O
the	O
TMD	B-ORG
this	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
return	O
to	O
a	O
situation	O
of	O
joint	O
US	B-GPE
-	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
defense	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
existed	O
during	O
the	B-EVENT
Cold	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
,	O
when	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
was	O
on	O
the	O
frontline	O
in	O
a	O
chain	O
of	O
islands	O
surrounding	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


For	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
is	O
endeavoring	O
to	O
move	O
from	O
coastal	O
defense	O
to	O
a	O
blue	O
-	O
water	O
capability	O
,	O
the	O
provocation	O
would	O
be	O
enormous	O
.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
has	O
thus	O
been	O
deliberately	O
unclear	O
-	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
exclude	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
from	O
the	O
TMD	B-ORG
,	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
not	O
clearly	O
said	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
would	O
be	O
included	O
.	O


In	O
any	O
case	O
,	O
says	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Chong	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
pin	I-PERSON
,	O
vice-chairman	O
of	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
's	O
Mainland	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
potential	O
TMD	B-ORG
buyers	O
still	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
where	O
the	O
money	O
would	O
come	O
from	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
TMD	B-ORG
producer	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
finished	O
product	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
still	O
just	O
a	O
political	O
debating	O
point	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
too	O
early	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
any	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
military	O
situation	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
.	O


Domestic	O
morale	O


Thus	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
international	O
strategic	O
angle	O
,	O
it	O
still	O
seems	O
most	O
practical	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
have	O
its	O
own	O
missile	O
systems	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
also	O
necessary	O
from	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
of	O
public	O
opinion	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
threat	O
that	O
guided	O
missiles	O
pose	O
to	O
morale	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
ROC	B-GPE
Minister	O
of	O
Defense	O
Tang	B-PERSON
Fei	I-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
perhaps	O
for	O
some	O
countries	O
a	O
missile	O
attack	O
would	O
have	O
little	O
impact	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
resources	O
are	O
concentrated	O
,	O
missiles	O
pose	O
a	O
serious	O
threat	O
to	O
electrical	O
power	O
and	O
petroleum	O
production	O
,	O
to	O
transportation	O
-LRB-	O
harbors	O
,	O
highways	O
,	O
airports	O
,	O
railroads	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
factories	O
.	O


More	O
importantly	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
the	O
citizens	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
are	O
not	O
psychologically	O
prepared	O
.	O


There	O
has	O
been	O
no	O
war	O
for	O
decades	B-DATE
now	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
even	O
very	O
few	O
usable	O
civil	O
defense	O
shelters	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
were	O
to	O
launch	O
200	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
300	I-CARDINAL
guided	O
missiles	O
against	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
although	O
the	O
damage	O
to	O
industry	O
,	O
power	O
,	O
and	O
communications	O
would	O
probably	O
not	O
be	O
as	O
serious	O
as	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
the	B-EVENT
September	I-EVENT
21	I-EVENT
earthquake	I-EVENT
,	O
citizens	O
are	O
not	O
psychologically	O
prepared	O
for	O
war	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
economy	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
withstand	O
the	O
assault	O
.	O


Chung	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
expert	O
on	O
military	O
affairs	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
turbulence	O
created	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
mind	O
by	O
the	O
1996	B-DATE
PRC	B-GPE
missile	O
tests	O
has	O
not	O
abated	O
even	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
construction	O
of	O
an	O
effective	O
missile	O
defense	O
system	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
military	O
problem	O
in	O
bringing	O
peace	O
of	O
mind	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
citizens	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
presidential	O
elections	O
,	O
although	O
missile	O
defense	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
"	O
the	O
beef	O
"	O
of	O
campaigning	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
an	O
important	O
"	O
side	O
dish	O
"	O
that	O
many	O
citizens	O
are	O
concerned	O
about	O
.	O


Beyond	O
missiles	O


If	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
can	O
not	O
develop	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
missiles	O
or	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
TMD	B-ORG
plan	O
,	O
what	O
effective	O
strategic	O
options	O
are	O
left	O
?	O


Fuh	B-PERSON
Wei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ku	I-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
domestically	O
produced	O
Sky	B-PRODUCT
Bow	I-PRODUCT
and	O
Sky	B-PRODUCT
Sword	I-PRODUCT
missiles	I-PRODUCT
have	O
defensive	O
capability	O
.	O


But	O
pure	O
defense	O
is	O
not	O
enough	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
missile	O
defense	O
could	O
be	O
99	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
effective	O
,	O
and	O
only	O
one	O
percent	O
of	O
attacking	O
missiles	O
got	O
through	O
,	O
the	O
situation	O
could	O
still	O
be	O
a	O
total	O
loss	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
more	O
effective	O
to	O
build	O
an	O
offensive	O
missile	O
system	O
to	O
deter	O
the	O
enemy	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
domestically	O
produced	O
Hsiung	B-PRODUCT
Feng	I-PRODUCT
missiles	I-PRODUCT
have	O
over	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
horizon	O
attack	O
capability	O
,	O
and	O
could	O
remain	O
the	O
main	O
focus	O
of	O
future	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
.	O


Bih	B-PERSON
Chung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ho	I-PERSON
adds	O
that	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
no	O
problem	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
resources	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chungshan	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
,	O
to	O
manufacture	O
short	O
-	O
range	O
surface	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
surface	O
missiles	O
-LRB-	O
SSMs	O
-RRB-	O
without	O
relying	O
on	O
purchases	O
from	O
overseas	O
.	O


Previous	O
missile	O
programs	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Ching	B-ORG
Feng	I-ORG
and	O
Tien	B-ORG
Ma	I-ORG
,	O
all	O
envisioned	O
similar	O
short	O
-	O
range	O
SSMs	O
-LRB-	O
with	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
500	B-QUANTITY
or	I-QUANTITY
so	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
-RRB-	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Cheng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yi	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
indeed	O
feasible	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
military	O
to	O
develop	O
an	O
effective	O
retaliatory	O
capability	O
;	O
development	O
could	O
focus	O
on	O
short	O
-	O
range	O
SSMs	O
and	O
an	O
air	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
surface	O
attack	O
capability	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
expand	O
the	O
battlefield	O
beyond	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
points	O
to	O
other	O
countries	O
that	O
have	O
a	O
doctrine	O
of	O
extending	O
the	O
battlefield	O
outside	O
national	O
territory	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
has	O
developed	O
its	O
own	O
SSMs	O
,	O
Singapore	B-GPE
has	O
airborne	O
refueling	O
capability	O
,	O
and	O
Israel	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
strategy	O
of	O
keeping	O
the	O
fighting	O
outside	O
its	O
borders	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
different	O
countries	O
are	O
in	O
different	O
situations	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
external	O
threats	O
faced	O
by	O
these	O
countries	O
are	O
not	O
comparable	O
to	O
the	O
cross-strait	O
situation	O
.	O


PRC	B-GPE
military	O
affairs	O
expert	O
Alex	B-PERSON
Kao	I-PERSON
concludes	O
that	O
although	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
taking	O
a	O
war	O
beyond	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
worth	O
consideration	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
only	O
be	O
really	O
useful	O
if	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
adopted	O
into	O
the	O
national	O
security	O
structure	O
and	O
done	O
in	O
an	O
integrated	O
and	O
comprehensive	O
way	O
.	O


Defense	O
alternatives	O


Although	O
constructing	O
a	O
missile	O
system	O
is	O
a	O
main	O
focus	O
of	O
defense	O
thinking	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
effective	O
use	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
weaponry	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
military	O
personnel	O
and	O
,	O
moreover	O
,	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
panacea	O
for	O
all	O
defense	O
problems	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
of	O
personnel	O
quality	O
has	O
in	O
fact	O
been	O
a	O
focus	O
of	O
serious	O
concern	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
the	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
has	O
lost	O
six	B-CARDINAL
fighter	O
planes	O
in	O
accidents	O
,	O
revealing	O
a	O
serious	O
weakness	O
in	O
managing	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
weapons	O
.	O


Fuh	B-PERSON
Wei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ku	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
the	O
problem	O
is	O
not	O
one	O
of	O
integrating	O
the	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
weaponry	O
bought	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
mini-United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
of	O
sources	O
from	O
which	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
acquired	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
arms	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
military	O
accounted	O
for	O
this	O
problem	O
already	O
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
problem	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
military	O
service	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
it	O
difficult	O
to	O
retain	O
soldiers	O
long	O
enough	O
to	O
cultivate	O
expertise	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
problems	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
weapons	O
have	O
in	O
fact	O
been	O
human	O
error	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
ceremony	O
marking	O
the	O
commissioning	O
of	O
the	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
F	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
16	I-PRODUCT
squadron	O
held	O
last	B-DATE
December	I-DATE
in	O
Hualien	B-GPE
,	O
there	O
were	O
"	O
more	O
planes	O
than	O
pilots	O
.	O
"	O


This	O
newly	O
established	O
26th	B-ORG
Fighter	I-ORG
Squadron	I-ORG
has	O
18	B-CARDINAL
fighter	O
aircraft	O
,	O
but	O
less	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
pilots	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
,	O
this	O
problem	O
is	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
transition	O
period	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
generation	O
of	O
aircraft	O
.	O


For	O
pilots	O
to	O
qualify	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
aircraft	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
have	O
at	B-TIME
least	I-TIME
400	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
flying	O
experience	O
.	O


But	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
pilots	O
get	O
limited	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
air	O
,	O
so	O
there	O
are	O
n't	O
enough	O
qualified	O
pilots	O
.	O


Experts	O
explain	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
limited	O
airspace	O
,	O
and	O
virtually	O
no	O
space	O
for	O
training	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
,	O
virtually	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
group	O
of	O
pilots	O
who	O
went	O
abroad	O
to	O
receive	O
training	O
for	O
new	O
fighter	O
aircraft	O
have	O
left	O
the	O
military	O
to	O
fly	O
for	O
civilian	O
airlines	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
talent	O
outflows	O
is	O
severe	O
.	O


The	O
same	O
applies	O
to	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
material	O
.	O


Defense	O
alternatives	O


Although	O
constructing	O
a	O
missile	O
system	O
is	O
a	O
main	O
focus	O
of	O
defense	O
thinking	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
effective	O
use	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
weaponry	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
military	O
personnel	O
and	O
,	O
moreover	O
,	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
panacea	O
for	O
all	O
defense	O
problems	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
of	O
personnel	O
quality	O
has	O
in	O
fact	O
been	O
a	O
focus	O
of	O
serious	O
concern	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
the	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
has	O
lost	O
six	B-CARDINAL
fighter	O
planes	O
in	O
accidents	O
,	O
revealing	O
a	O
serious	O
weakness	O
in	O
managing	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
weapons	O
.	O


Fuh	B-PERSON
Wei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ku	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
the	O
problem	O
is	O
not	O
one	O
of	O
integrating	O
the	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
weaponry	O
bought	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
mini-United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
of	O
sources	O
from	O
which	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
acquired	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
arms	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
military	O
accounted	O
for	O
this	O
problem	O
already	O
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
problem	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
military	O
service	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
it	O
difficult	O
to	O
retain	O
soldiers	O
long	O
enough	O
to	O
cultivate	O
expertise	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
problems	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
weapons	O
have	O
in	O
fact	O
been	O
human	O
error	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
ceremony	O
marking	O
the	O
commissioning	O
of	O
the	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
F	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
16	I-ORG
squadron	I-ORG
held	O
last	B-DATE
December	I-DATE
in	O
Hualien	B-GPE
,	O
there	O
were	O
"	O
more	O
planes	O
than	O
pilots	O
.	O
"	O


This	O
newly	O
established	O
26th	B-ORG
Fighter	I-ORG
Squadron	I-ORG
has	O
18	B-CARDINAL
fighter	O
aircraft	O
,	O
but	O
less	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
pilots	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
,	O
this	O
problem	O
is	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
transition	O
period	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
generation	O
of	O
aircraft	O
.	O


For	O
pilots	O
to	O
qualify	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
aircraft	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
have	O
at	B-TIME
least	I-TIME
400	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
flying	O
experience	O
.	O


But	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
pilots	O
get	O
limited	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
air	O
,	O
so	O
there	O
are	O
n't	O
enough	O
qualified	O
pilots	O
.	O


Experts	O
explain	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
limited	O
airspace	O
,	O
and	O
virtually	O
no	O
space	O
for	O
training	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
,	O
virtually	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
group	O
of	O
pilots	O
who	O
went	O
abroad	O
to	O
receive	O
training	O
for	O
new	O
fighter	O
aircraft	O
have	O
left	O
the	O
military	O
to	O
fly	O
for	O
civilian	O
airlines	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
talent	O
outflows	O
is	O
severe	O
.	O


The	O
same	O
applies	O
to	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
material	O
.	O


Doctrine	O
,	O
not	O
weapons	O


It	O
is	O
bad	O
enough	O
that	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
weapons	O
may	O
be	O
rendered	O
irrelevant	O
by	O
the	O
inability	O
to	O
utilize	O
them	O
properly	O
.	O


Another	O
problem	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
might	O
be	O
bypassed	O
altogether	O
by	O
a	O
different	O
enemy	O
strategy	O
.	O


Alex	B-PERSON
Kao	I-PERSON
warns	O
that	O
currently	O
both	O
public	O
commentators	O
and	O
the	O
military	O
's	O
own	O
research	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
wave	O
of	O
warfare	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
will	O
be	O
a	O
missile	O
attack	O
.	O


This	O
ignores	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
land	O
-	O
sea	O
-	O
air	O
joint	O
operations	O
in	O
modern	O
warfare	O
.	O


Mainland	O
China	B-GPE
need	O
not	O
choose	O
to	O
use	O
high	O
-	O
cost	O
,	O
limited	O
-	O
quantity	O
guided	O
missiles	O
,	O
but	O
could	O
instead	O
use	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
360	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
km	I-QUANTITY
range	O
rockets	O
to	O
first	B-ORDINAL
attack	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
air	O
fields	O
from	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
coast	O
,	O
thereby	O
paralyzing	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
air	O
superiority	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
their	O
navy	O
could	O
ferry	O
raiders	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
less	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
one	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	O


Kao	B-PERSON
recalls	O
that	O
Vietnamese	B-NORP
land	O
forces	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
infiltrate	O
US	B-GPE
air	O
fields	O
in	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
and	O
neutralize	O
American	B-NORP
air	O
superiority	O
.	O


Particularly	O
now	O
that	O
the	B-LAW
Coastal	I-LAW
Defense	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
has	O
been	O
passed	O
,	O
and	O
responsibility	O
for	O
coastal	O
patrols	O
will	O
pass	O
to	O
the	O
non-military	O
Coast	B-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
Command	I-ORG
,	O
if	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
military	O
still	O
operates	O
under	O
the	O
traditional	O
assumption	O
of	O
first	O
establishing	O
air	O
and	O
sea	O
superiority	O
followed	O
by	O
defense	O
on	O
land	O
,	O
this	O
could	O
give	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
strike	O
a	O
death	O
blow	O
.	O


"	O
Although	O
this	O
is	O
merely	O
a	O
hypothesis	O
,	O
it	O
points	O
to	O
a	O
blind	O
spot	O
:	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
strike	O
will	O
not	O
necessarily	O
be	O
missiles	O
.	O


A	O
solid	O
national	O
defense	O
requires	O
that	O
no	O
possibility	O
be	O
overlooked	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
concludes	O
.	O


Third	B-ORDINAL
wave	O
warfare	O


Even	O
as	O
discussion	O
on	O
missile	O
systems	O
continues	O
,	O
an	O
unprecedented	O
form	O
of	O
threat	O
-	O
third	B-ORDINAL
-	O
wave	O
warfare	O
-	O
is	O
lurking	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Chong	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
pin	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
currently	O
both	O
sides	O
are	O
engaged	O
in	O
third	B-ORDINAL
-	O
wave	O
-	O
warfare	O
development	O
.	O


This	O
type	O
of	O
warfare	O
is	O
divided	O
into	O
"	O
hard	O
kill	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
soft	O
kill	O
.	O
"	O


Hard	O
kill	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
deployment	O
on	O
missile	O
warheads	O
of	O
weapons	O
with	O
directional	O
capability	O
-	O
using	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
lasers	O
,	O
microwaves	O
,	O
electromagnetic	O
pulse	O
,	O
and	O
particle	O
beams	O
-	O
which	O
could	O
increase	O
the	O
destructiveness	O
of	O
missiles	O
.	O


"	O
Soft	O
kill	O
"	O
refers	O
to	O
computer	O
viruses	O
and	O
electronic	O
interference	O
to	O
destroy	O
the	O
enemy	O
's	O
computer	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
thereby	O
to	O
neutralize	O
the	O
enemy	O
's	O
military	O
capability	O
in	O
a	O
bloodless	O
manner	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
see	O
in	O
third	B-ORDINAL
-	O
wave	O
warfare	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
seize	O
a	O
decisive	O
advantage	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
a	O
future	O
armed	O
threat	O
from	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


To	O
be	O
sure	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
domestic	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
electronics	O
industry	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
certain	O
advantage	O
.	O


The	O
military	O
is	O
currently	O
actively	O
studying	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
information	O
war	O
capability	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
hopes	O
to	O
cooperate	O
with	O
the	O
private	O
sector	O
and	O
utilize	O
private	O
-	O
sector	O
computer	O
knowledge	O
to	O
jointly	O
deploy	O
an	O
electronics	O
defense	O
network	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
key	O
area	O
of	O
development	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
in	O
which	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
can	O
rely	O
on	O
itself	O
and	O
need	O
not	O
be	O
limited	O
by	O
what	O
can	O
be	O
procured	O
abroad	O
.	O


Construction	O
of	O
a	O
complete	O
defense	O
system	O
is	O
essential	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
highest	O
form	O
of	O
military	O
strategy	O
is	O
still	O
to	O
defeat	O
the	O
enemy	O
without	O
firing	O
a	O
shot	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
pro-active	O
defense	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
currently	O
studying	O
is	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
pursuing	O
peace	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
will	O
not	O
provoke	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
nor	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
resort	O
to	O
war	O
.	O


But	O
nor	O
can	O
it	O
allow	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
to	O
think	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
so	O
weak	O
that	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
tempted	O
to	O
act	O
rashly	O
.	O


Pro-active	O
defense	O
is	O
necessary	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
the	O
real	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
side	O
is	O
peace	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
militarily	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
standoff	O
situation	O
of	O
mutual	O
intimidation	O
,	O
but	O
what	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
most	O
hopes	O
for	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
cross-strait	O
problem	O
can	O
be	O
peacefully	O
resolved	O
without	O
deploying	O
a	O
single	O
soldier	O
.	O


A	O
Date	O
with	O
Destiny	O
--	O
Presidential	O
Candidates	O
Woo	O
the	O
Voters	O


Four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
amidst	O
the	O
tense	O
atmosphere	O
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
ever	O
direct	O
elections	O
for	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
leader	O
in	O
Chinese	B-NORP
history	O
,	O
issues	O
of	O
ethnicity	O
and	O
ideology	O
became	O
focal	O
points	O
.	O


The	O
crisis	O
sparked	O
by	O
PRC	B-GPE
missile	O
tests	O
pushed	O
the	O
security	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
issue	O
list	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ticket	O
of	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
and	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
ruling	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
promised	O
stability	O
,	O
won	O
the	O
election	O
with	O
54	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
vote	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
presidential	O
election	O
,	O
cross-strait	O
policy	O
is	O
still	O
an	O
important	O
subject	O
.	O


But	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
candidates	O
is	O
advocating	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
independence	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
among	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
main	O
contenders	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
race	O
for	O
the	O
center	O
.	O


All	O
three	B-CARDINAL
have	O
proposed	O
ideas	O
to	O
maintain	O
peace	O
and	O
stability	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
:	O


Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
has	O
proposed	O
a	O
"	O
Taiwan	B-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
zone	O
of	O
peace	O
,	O
"	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
has	O
advocated	O
the	O
signing	O
of	O
a	O
peace	O
treaty	O
with	O
the	O
mainland	O
,	O
and	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
has	O
announced	O
that	O
if	O
elected	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
declare	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
independent	O
nor	O
seek	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
"	O
two	B-CARDINAL
states	O
formula	O
"	O
inserted	O
in	O
the	O
constitution	O
.	O


In	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
President	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
was	O
far	O
ahead	O
of	O
his	O
rivals	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
election	O
was	O
lopsided	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
most	O
prominent	O
feature	O
of	O
the	O
campaign	O
is	O
exactly	O
the	O
opposite	O
:	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
main	O
candidates	O
are	O
running	O
neck	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
neck	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
election	O
battle	O
is	O
fierce	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
impossible	O
right	O
now	O
to	O
say	O
who	O
might	O
win	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
probably	O
remain	O
so	O
right	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
finish	O
.	O


With	O
all	O
the	O
candidates	O
having	O
largely	O
similar	O
views	O
on	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
,	O
what	O
issues	O
will	O
be	O
decisive	O
?	O


Candidates	O
can	O
play	O
the	O
stability	O
card	O
,	O
the	O
bull	O
-	O
market	O
card	O
,	O
the	O
serve	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
people	O
card	O
,	O
the	O
personal	O
charisma	O
card	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
,	O
but	O
which	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
will	O
prove	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
trump	O
card	O
?	O


Taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Chinese	I-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
,	O
many	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
businessmen	O
working	O
in	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
returned	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
spend	O
the	O
holiday	O
with	O
their	O
families	O
.	O


Just	O
after	O
the	B-DATE
new	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Mainland	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
several	O
non-governmental	O
groups	O
co-sponsored	O
a	O
seminar	O
on	O
economic	O
relations	O
with	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
invited	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
businessmen	O
who	O
were	O
among	O
the	O
earliest	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
to	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
seminar	O
and	O
relate	O
their	O
experiences	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
event	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
virtually	O
no	O
mention	O
of	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


The	O
participants	O
were	O
far	O
more	O
concerned	O
about	O
choosing	O
investment	O
sites	O
,	O
hiring	O
mainland	O
personnel	O
,	O
and	O
understanding	O
customs	O
regulations	O
.	O


You	O
could	O
privately	O
ask	O
them	O
:	O
Is	O
there	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
any	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
cross-strait	O
situation	O
after	O
the	O
election	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
leader	O
?	O


Will	O
the	O
election	O
affect	O
willingness	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
?	O


But	O
you	O
would	O
only	O
get	O
responses	O
like	O
:	O
"	O
Let	O
's	O
not	O
talk	O
politics	O
,	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
Everyone	O
is	O
seeking	O
stability	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
much	O
of	O
a	O
change	O
.	O
"	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
businessmen	O
expressed	O
optimism	O
that	O
after	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
into	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
would	O
steadily	O
improve	O
.	O


A	O
terrifying	O
topic	O
?	O


Maintaining	O
peaceful	O
relations	O
across	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
is	O
the	O
common	O
hope	O
of	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


When	O
you	O
talk	O
about	O
21st	B-DATE
century	I-DATE
leadership	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
cross-strait	O
policy	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
serious	O
subject	O
that	O
politicians	O
must	O
face	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
involves	O
the	O
very	O
survival	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
However	O
,	O
because	O
this	O
subject	O
touches	O
on	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
the	O
'	O
loyalty	O
'	O
of	O
the	O
candidates	O
toward	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
terrifying	O
topic	O
for	O
them	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chuang	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
The	B-ORG
Journalist	I-ORG
magazine	O
and	O
a	O
longtime	O
observer	O
of	O
political	O
development	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


By	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
carefully	O
worded	O
statements	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
candidates	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
clear	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
all	O
afraid	O
of	O
being	O
accused	O
of	O
"	O
selling	O
out	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O
"	O


The	O
only	O
exception	O
is	O
the	O
fringe	O
candidate	O
Li	B-PERSON
Ao	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
for	O
shooting	O
from	O
the	O
hip	O
.	O


Unafraid	O
of	O
criticism	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
"	O
betraying	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
"	O
he	O
has	O
publicly	O
endorsed	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
's	O
policy	O
of	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
country	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
systems	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
other	O
minor	O
candidate	O
,	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
Hsin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
liang	I-PERSON
,	O
set	O
the	O
foundations	O
for	O
his	O
mainland	O
policy	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
when	O
he	O
wrote	O
a	O
book	O
on	O
his	O
theory	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
newly	O
rising	O
people	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
neither	O
of	O
these	O
views	O
conform	O
to	O
mainstream	O
values	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
candidates	O
are	O
getting	O
little	O
support	O
.	O


What	O
about	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
main	O
candidates	O
?	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Progressive	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
advocates	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
independence	O
,	O
produced	O
a	O
long	O
and	O
detailed	O
white	O
paper	O
on	O
China	B-GPE
policy	O
,	O
which	O
offered	O
some	O
changes	O
and	O
reservations	O
to	O
the	O
independence	O
position	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
unguarded	O
moment	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
also	O
declared	O
"	O
Long	O
live	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
independent	O
sovereignty	O
!	O
"	O
and	O
this	O
comment	O
has	O
left	O
many	O
people	O
uncertain	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
real	O
Chen	B-PERSON
.	O


Independent	O
candidate	O


James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
has	O
suggested	O
defining	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
-	O
PRC	B-GPE
links	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
quasi-international	O
relationship	O
.	O
"	O


This	O
aims	O
for	O
a	O
middle	O
ground	O
between	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
's	O
"	O
two	B-CARDINAL
states	O
formula	O
"	O
and	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
country	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
systems	O
"	O
that	O
will	O
appeal	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
idea	O
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
for	O
unilaterally	O
reducing	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
quasi-country	O
,	O
"	O
thereby	O
weakening	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
status	O
and	O
bargaining	O
power	O
vis	O
-	O
a	O
-	O
vis	O
the	O
mainland	O
.	O


Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
,	O
candidate	O
of	O
the	O
ruling	O
KMT	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
somewhat	O
bound	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
"	O
two	B-CARDINAL
states	O
formula	O
.	O
"	O


After	O
much	O
consideration	O
,	O
his	O
mainland	O
policy	O
has	O
been	O
framed	O
as	O
working	O
toward	O
the	O
middle	O
stage	O
of	O
the	B-LAW
National	I-LAW
Reunification	I-LAW
Guidelines	I-LAW
-	O
in	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
attempting	O
to	O
re-establish	O
official	O
channels	O
of	O
communication	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
of	O
the	O
strait	O
.	O


"	O
No	O
one	O
dares	O
be	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
others	O
on	O
mainland	O
policy	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chuang	I-PERSON
.	O


This	O
is	O
because	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
a	O
consensus	O
has	O
taken	O
shape	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
society	O
on	O
policy	O
toward	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
:	O
"	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
first	B-ORDINAL
.	O
"	O


No	O
one	O
has	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
alter	O
this	O
consensus	O
.	O


The	O
candidates	O
can	O
merely	O
haggle	O
over	O
details	O
of	O
policy	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
differences	O
over	O
the	O
scope	O
or	O
timing	O
of	O
liberalization	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
direct	O
links	O
"	O
-LRB-	O
direct	O
trade	O
,	O
direct	O
transport	O
,	O
and	O
direct	O
mail	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Alexander	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
professor	O
of	O
political	O
science	O
at	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
agrees	O
with	O
the	O
no	O
-	O
major	O
-	O
innovations	O
approach	O
of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
candidates	O
.	O


As	O
he	O
sees	O
it	O
,	O
since	O
currently	O
there	O
are	O
three	B-CARDINAL
candidates	O
with	O
a	O
roughly	O
equal	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
vote	O
,	O
whoever	O
wins	O
will	O
probably	O
not	O
get	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
countervailing	O
pressure	O
against	O
radical	O
change	O
.	O


Concludes	O
Lu	B-PERSON
:	O
"	O
Policy	O
will	O
tend	O
to	O
be	O
centrist	O
,	O
and	O
any	O
steps	O
taken	O
will	O
be	O
small	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
adds	O
,	O
"	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
pluralistic	O
society	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
attract	O
many	O
types	O
of	O
voters	O
,	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
too	O
outspoken	O
about	O
policy	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
because	O
extreme	O
clarity	O
does	O
n't	O
make	O
much	O
difference	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
already	O
support	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
could	O
cost	O
you	O
undecided	O
votes	O
.	O
"	O


Local	O
issues	O
,	O
national	O
results	O


Mainland	O
policy	O
is	O
a	O
minefield	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
all	O
other	O
policies	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
candidate	O
can	O
ignore	O
it	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
this	O
does	O
not	O
mean	O
,	O
say	O
Wang	B-PERSON
and	O
Lu	B-PERSON
,	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
decisive	O
factor	O
in	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


"	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
curious	O
aspect	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
electoral	O
culture	O
,	O
"	O
explains	O
Wang	B-PERSON
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
small	O
,	O
and	O
voters	O
do	O
not	O
clearly	O
distinguish	O
between	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
state	O
,	O
elected	O
legislators	O
,	O
and	O
government	O
bureaucrats	O
.	O


No	O
matter	O
how	O
high	O
the	O
office	O
,	O
for	O
many	O
voters	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
traditional	O
constituencies	O
,	O
"	O
all	O
politics	O
is	O
local	O
.	O
"	O


For	O
them	O
,	O
what	O
matters	O
is	O
whether	O
a	O
politician	O
seems	O
concerned	O
about	O
their	O
hometown	O
issues	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
when	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
went	O
to	O
Sanhsia	B-GPE
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
he	O
talked	O
about	O
a	O
pension	O
for	O
the	O
elderly	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
went	O
to	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
he	O
talked	O
about	O
establishing	O
a	O
science	O
-	O
based	O
industrial	O
park	O
there	O
.	O


These	O
parochial	O
issues	O
are	O
the	O
real	O
keys	O
to	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


Next	O
in	O
importance	O
is	O
the	O
candidate	O
's	O
character	O
,	O
including	O
charisma	O
,	O
leadership	O
style	O
,	O
and	O
attitude	O
in	O
dealing	O
with	O
incidents	O
that	O
come	O
up	O
during	O
the	O
campaign	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
campaign	O
,	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
has	O
been	O
at	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
much	O
controversy	O
over	O
the	O
character	O
issue	O
.	O


The	O
issues	O
that	O
surround	O
him	O
can	O
be	O
traced	O
back	O
to	O
his	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
decades	I-DATE
near	O
the	O
top	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
political	O
life	O
.	O


Kuo	B-PERSON
Shu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
min	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
Express	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
longtime	O
observer	O
of	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
controversy	O
over	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
goes	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
days	O
when	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
ruled	O
over	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
repressed	O
all	O
opposition	O
.	O


When	O
Soong	B-PERSON
was	O
KMT	B-ORG
secretary	O
-	O
general	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
powerful	O
and	O
aloof	O
;	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
get	O
an	O
interview	O
with	O
him	O
was	O
to	O
block	O
his	O
car	O
as	O
it	O
left	O
party	O
headquarters	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
struggle	O
in	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
between	O
the	O
mainstream	O
and	O
the	O
non-mainstream	O
factions	O
,	O
Soong	B-PERSON
played	O
a	O
vital	O
role	O
in	O
consolidating	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
President	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
.	O


In	O
clearing	O
out	O
many	O
obstacles	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
Lee	B-PERSON
,	O
he	O
incurred	O
the	O
wrath	O
of	O
many	O
party	O
elders	O
,	O
who	O
considered	O
him	O
to	O
be	O
Lee	B-PERSON
's	O
"	O
running	O
dog	O
.	O
"	O


Soong	B-PERSON
is	O
especially	O
good	O
at	O
timing	O
.	O


He	O
knows	O
what	O
to	O
say	O
and	O
when	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
attract	O
the	O
most	O
attention	O
.	O


Kuo	B-PERSON
recalls	O
several	O
such	O
opportune	O
moments	O
when	O
Soong	B-PERSON
was	O
provincial	O
governor	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
he	O
criticized	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
center	O
over	O
the	O
symbolic	O
status	O
assigned	O
to	O
the	O
provincial	O
governor	O
at	O
cabinet	O
meetings	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
over	O
unfairness	O
in	O
the	O
division	O
of	O
government	O
revenues	O
.	O


His	O
media	O
skills	O
were	O
such	O
that	O
"	O
he	O
only	O
had	O
to	O
open	O
his	O
mouth	O
and	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
headline	O
on	O
page	O
one	B-CARDINAL
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
.	O
"	O


Although	O
opinions	O
are	O
divided	O
about	O
Soong	B-PERSON
,	O
Kuo	B-PERSON
affirms	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
:	O


He	O
has	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
determined	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
transform	O
his	O
image	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
skilled	O
party	O
infighter	O
from	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
ranking	O
family	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
populist	O
who	O
understands	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


Says	O
Kuo	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
If	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
opera	O
performer	O
,	O
then	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
Peking	B-GPE
opera	O
actor	O
-	O
Soong	B-PERSON
's	O
moves	O
are	O
refined	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
last	O
detail	O
.	O
"	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
was	O
trying	O
to	O
persuade	O
elder	O
National	B-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
members	O
to	O
retire	O
,	O
Soong	B-PERSON
met	O
with	O
them	O
all	O
individually	O
.	O


During	O
his	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
as	O
governor	O
,	O
he	O
visited	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
309	B-CARDINAL
towns	O
and	O
rural	O
townships	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
this	O
presidential	O
election	O
,	O
at	O
any	O
event	O
with	O
a	O
crowd	O
,	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
shake	O
the	O
hand	O
of	O
everyone	O
there	O
;	O
he	O
believes	O
that	O
he	O
can	O
tell	O
from	O
the	O
handshake	O
alone	O
whether	O
he	O
has	O
that	O
person	O
's	O
vote	O
.	O


Gold	O
cup	O
and	O
plain	O
water	O


In	O
contrast	O
to	O
Soong	B-PERSON
and	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
through	O
previous	O
election	O
battles	O
and	O
have	O
distinct	O
public	O
identities	O
,	O
"	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
is	O
n't	O
really	O
a	O
man	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
n't	O
like	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
spotlight	O
on	O
him	O
,	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
think	O
of	O
himself	O
as	O
a	O
star	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
put	O
on	O
a	O
show	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
,	O
says	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chuang	I-PERSON
,	O
it	O
is	O
debatable	O
whether	O
a	O
politician	O
really	O
needs	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
common	O
touch	O
.	O


Compare	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
is	O
similar	O
to	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
a	O
personal	O
charisma	O
that	O
moves	O
people	O
.	O


Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
is	O
more	O
like	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
somewhat	O
aloof	O
from	O
average	O
citizens	O
.	O


Says	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chuang	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
is	O
like	O
plain	O
water	O
in	O
a	O
gold	O
cup	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
's	O
been	O
in	O
government	O
for	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
serving	O
as	O
minister	O
of	O
transportation	O
and	O
communications	O
,	O
foreign	O
minister	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
provincial	O
governor	O
,	O
premier	O
,	O
and	O
vice	O
president	O
.	O


"	O
Yet	O
still	O
most	O
citizens	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
very	O
strong	O
impression	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
really	O
a	O
strange	O
situation	O
.	O
"	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Feng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsin	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
reporter	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
writes	O
in	O
the	O
authorized	O
biography	O
100	B-WORK_OF_ART
%	I-WORK_OF_ART
Lien	I-WORK_OF_ART
Chan	I-WORK_OF_ART
that	O
a	O
large	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
reason	O
Lien	B-PERSON
appears	O
to	O
be	O
unapproachable	O
is	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
way	O
he	O
has	O
come	O
across	O
on	O
TV	O
.	O


Lien	B-PERSON
himself	O
says	O
that	O
,	O
after	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
appointive	O
positions	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
developed	O
a	O
stern	O
mien	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
his	O
appearances	O
on	O
television	O
have	O
often	O
been	O
at	O
confrontational	O
interpellation	O
sessions	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
legislature	O
or	O
the	O
provincial	O
assembly	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
his	O
warmer	O
side	O
does	O
not	O
come	O
across	O
.	O


A	O
little	O
story	O
in	O
the	O
book	O
relates	O
something	O
of	O
his	O
sense	O
of	O
humor	O
.	O


Lien	B-PERSON
was	O
born	O
in	O
Xi'an	B-GPE
in	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
primary	O
school	O
was	O
called	O
the	B-FAC
Zuo	I-FAC
Xiu	I-FAC
school	I-FAC
.	O


Because	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
,	O
he	O
transferred	O
out	O
after	O
only	O
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
school	O
actually	O
was	O
an	O
abbreviation	O
for	O
a	O
term	O
meaning	O
"	O
to	O
educate	O
and	O
cultivate	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
in	O
contemporary	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
coincidentally	O
,	O
the	O
characters	O
zuo	O
xiu	O
mean	O
"	O
to	O
put	O
on	O
a	O
show	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
market	O
yourself	O
.	O
"	O


Lien	B-PERSON
often	O
jests	O
,	O
"	O
It	O
's	O
because	O
I	O
never	O
graduated	O
from	O
'	O
Make	O
a	O
Show	O
'	O
primary	O
school	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
in	O
the	O
spot	O
I	O
'm	O
in	O
today	B-DATE
.	O
"	O


Political	O
writer	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
when	O
Lien	B-PERSON
was	O
foreign	O
minister	O
,	O
he	O
laid	O
the	O
foundations	O
of	O
pragmatic	O
diplomacy	O
,	O
and	O
allowed	O
Kuo	B-PERSON
Wan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jung	I-PERSON
to	O
attend	O
the	O
Asian	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
annual	O
conference	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
.	O


After	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
came	O
to	O
power	O
,	O
Lee	B-PERSON
went	O
through	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
battles	O
with	O
successive	O
premiers	O
:	O


Lien	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
had	O
a	O
harmonious	O
working	O
relationship	O
with	O
the	O
president	O
.	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
Lien	B-PERSON
's	O
political	O
character	O
tends	O
to	O
be	O
easy	O
-	O
going	O
and	O
generous	O
,	O
he	O
can	O
comfortably	O
delegate	O
authority	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
calm	O
under	O
pressure	O
.	O


Local	O
boy	O
makes	O
good	O


Compared	O
to	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
comes	O
from	O
a	O
wealthy	O
family	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
an	O
entirely	O
self	O
-	O
made	O
man	O
,	O
makes	O
a	O
marked	O
contrast	O
.	O


After	O
starting	O
his	O
career	O
as	O
a	O
lawyer	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
acted	O
as	O
defense	O
counsel	O
for	O
arrested	O
opposition	O
leaders	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
served	O
several	O
terms	O
as	O
a	O
legislator	O
,	O
making	O
a	O
name	O
for	O
himself	O
as	O
a	O
standout	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
opposition	O
.	O


He	O
won	O
the	O
mayorship	O
of	O
the	O
capital	O
city	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
back	O
in	O
1994	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
,	O
step	O
by	O
step	O
,	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
figure	O
in	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
.	O


As	O
a	O
legislator	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
sharp	O
questioner	O
of	O
government	O
officials	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
had	O
a	O
little	O
trouble	O
adjusting	O
to	O
being	O
an	O
executive	O
official	O
himself	O
.	O


As	O
Taipei	B-GPE
mayor	O
,	O
his	O
decisiveness	O
won	O
many	O
plaudits	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
manner	O
was	O
often	O
perceived	O
as	O
overbearing	O
and	O
this	O
led	O
to	O
frozen	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
city	O
council	O
.	O


"	O
Chen	B-PERSON
fulfilled	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
promises	O
he	O
made	O
in	O
his	O
campaign	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
give	O
much	O
attention	O
to	O
procedural	O
concerns	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chuang	I-PERSON
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
he	O
adopted	O
a	O
curfew	O
for	O
young	O
people	O
virtually	O
unilaterally	O
.	O


As	O
Wang	B-PERSON
puts	O
it	O
:	O
"	O
Perhaps	O
Chen	B-PERSON
would	O
say	O
that	O
many	O
problems	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
had	O
reached	O
a	O
point	O
calling	O
for	O
decisive	O
action	O
,	O
but	O
whether	O
efficiency	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
consultation	O
is	O
an	O
eternally	O
debatable	O
question	O
.	O
"	O


A	O
group	O
of	O
33	B-CARDINAL
education	O
reform	O
advocacy	O
organizations	O
rated	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
candidates	O
on	O
their	O
views	O
on	O
education	O
reform	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
question	O
,	O
"	O
Does	O
the	O
candidate	O
have	O
a	O
grasp	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
problems	O
in	O
education	O
reform	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
?	O
"	O


Chen	B-PERSON
and	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
Hsin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
liang	I-PERSON
were	O
given	O
top	O
marks	O
.	O


"	O
Chen	B-PERSON
dares	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
reform	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Ting	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jen	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
these	O
education	O
reform	O
groups	O
.	O


Everybody	O
knows	O
the	O
education	O
system	O
must	O
be	O
reformed	O
,	O
but	O
reform	O
costs	O
money	O
.	O


"	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
dares	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
paying	O
the	O
bill	O
.	O
"	O


However	O
,	O
though	O
Chen	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
will	O
ask	O
the	O
legislature	O
to	O
guarantee	O
the	O
necessary	O
financing	O
,	O
he	O
does	O
not	O
,	O
as	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
Hsin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
liang	I-PERSON
does	O
,	O
guarantee	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
spend	O
6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
GDP	O
on	O
education	O
.	O


"	O
He	O
's	O
not	O
clear	O
enough	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Ting	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
opines	O
that	O
Chen	B-PERSON
thinks	O
that	O
he	O
can	O
wait	O
until	O
he	O
's	O
elected	O
before	O
he	O
decides	O
how	O
much	O
money	O
to	O
spend	O
.	O


Overall	O
,	O
"	O
Chen	B-PERSON
is	O
good	O
at	O
finding	O
the	O
weaknesses	O
in	O
others	O
'	O
policies	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
as	O
good	O
at	O
facing	O
up	O
to	O
questions	O
when	O
he	O
is	O
in	O
power	O
.	O


It	O
may	O
be	O
easy	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
emperor	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
win	O
the	O
people	O
's	O
hearts	O
requires	O
concrete	O
action	O
.	O
"	O


Pork	O
barrel	O
politics	O


As	O
for	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
His	O
policies	O
are	O
more	O
for	O
helping	O
the	O
weak	O
,	O
and	O
give	O
more	O
thought	O
to	O
the	O
poor	O
.	O
"	O


Soong	B-PERSON
has	O
taken	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
existing	O
disparity	O
between	O
state	O
-	O
funded	O
and	O
private	O
secondary	O
schools	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
private	O
schools	O
are	O
much	O
more	O
expensive	O
,	O
though	O
they	O
merely	O
provide	O
the	O
same	O
education	O
as	O
the	O
state	O
schools	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


His	O
platform	O
includes	O
subsidies	O
to	O
assist	O
the	O
children	O
of	O
low	O
-	O
income	O
families	O
who	O
attend	O
private	O
secondary	O
schools	O
.	O


Ting	B-PERSON
admits	O
that	O
in	O
evaluating	O
education	O
platforms	O
,	O
the	O
incumbent	O
,	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
,	O
is	O
at	O
a	O
relative	O
disadvantage	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
policies	O
currently	O
being	O
implemented	O
are	O
open	O
to	O
immediate	O
scrutiny	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Ting	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
has	O
been	O
at	O
odds	O
with	O
the	O
education	O
community	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O
"	O


Reformers	O
are	O
most	O
disappointed	O
that	O
the	O
education	O
budget	O
has	O
been	O
seriously	O
squeezed	O
these	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
falling	O
by	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
NT$	B-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
a	B-DATE
single	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


"	O
Lien	B-PERSON
is	O
also	O
the	O
candidate	O
who	O
is	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
believe	O
that	O
problems	O
can	O
be	O
solved	O
by	O
throwing	O
money	O
at	O
them	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Ting	B-PERSON
.	O


Lien	B-PERSON
has	O
stated	O
that	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
extend	O
compulsory	O
education	O
from	O
9	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
12	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
to	O
offer	O
vouchers	O
for	O
pre-school	O
and	O
private	O
secondary	O
education	O
.	O


These	O
would	O
all	O
place	O
tremendous	O
strain	O
on	O
the	O
already	O
overstretched	O
education	O
budget	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
debt	O
is	O
currently	O
NT$	B-MONEY
2.6	I-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
,	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
times	O
higher	O
than	O
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
;	O
if	O
these	O
promised	O
education	O
"	O
checks	O
"	O
were	O
actually	O
cashed	O
,	O
the	O
debt	O
would	O
pass	O
NT$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
.	O


Ting	B-PERSON
concludes	O
:	O
"	O
He	O
has	O
lost	O
his	O
direction	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
education	O
policy	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
underestimates	O
the	O
education	O
community	O
.	O


He	O
thinks	O
he	O
just	O
has	O
to	O
promise	O
to	O
throw	O
money	O
around	O
and	O
then	O
he	O
'll	O
have	O
people	O
persuaded	O
.	O
"	O


Educators	O
are	O
not	O
looking	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
burden	O
on	O
the	O
country	O
;	O
all	O
they	O
want	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
stop	O
squeezing	O
the	O
existing	O
budget	O
smaller	O
and	O
smaller	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
checks	O
"	O
candidates	O
write	O
are	O
closely	O
connected	O
to	O
their	O
assumptions	O
about	O
the	O
roles	O
governments	O
should	O
play	O
.	O


"	O
Just	O
as	O
wool	O
grows	O
on	O
a	O
sheep	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
government	O
role	O
expands	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
require	O
ever	O
greater	O
resources	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Hui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lin	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
researcher	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Chung	I-ORG
Hua	I-ORG
Institution	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
.	O


As	O
an	O
economist	O
,	O
Wu	B-PERSON
advocates	O
the	O
free	O
market	O
and	O
thinks	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
effectiveness	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
overrated	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
government	O
encouragement	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
industry	O
has	O
contributed	O
to	O
an	O
imbalance	O
in	O
the	O
industrial	O
structure	O
.	O


The	O
stock	O
market	O
is	O
an	O
even	O
more	O
obvious	O
example	O
:	O


From	O
the	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
to	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
to	O
the	O
proposed	O
Stock	B-ORG
Stabilization	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
,	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
shadow	O
everywhere	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
government	O
should	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
just	O
playing	O
a	O
referee	O
role	O
,	O
and	O
do	O
that	O
well	O
,	O
"	O
Wu	B-PERSON
avers	O
.	O


This	O
applies	O
to	O
economic	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
as	O
well	O
,	O
Because	O
wherever	O
there	O
are	O
controls	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
speculation	O


This	O
applies	O
to	O
economic	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
as	O
well	O
.	O


Laws	O
ca	O
n't	O
cover	O
everything	O
,	O
and	O
always	O
leave	O
gray	O
areas	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
"	O
influential	O
persons	O
are	O
positioned	O
to	O
undertake	O
quasi-legal	O
activities	O
with	O
impunity	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
creating	O
special	O
opportunities	O
for	O
the	O
private	O
profit	O
of	O
certain	O
individuals	O
.	O
"	O


Wu	B-PERSON
believes	O
the	O
market	O
should	O
be	O
left	O
to	O
itself	O
.	O


Improvement	O
,	O
not	O
change	O


However	O
,	O
others	O
have	O
the	O
opposite	O
view	O
.	O


Some	O
believe	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
market	O
is	O
too	O
affected	O
by	O
non-economic	O
factors	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
government	O
must	O
play	O
a	O
protective	O
role	O
.	O


There	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
debate	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
over	O
the	O
relative	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
and	O
government	O
intervention	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
overlooked	O
that	O
one	B-CARDINAL
major	O
reason	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
now	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
12th	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
trading	O
nation	O
is	O
because	O
government	O
policy	O
has	O
fostered	O
economic	O
prosperity	O
.	O


J.T.	B-PERSON
Day	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Small	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Medium	I-ORG
Enterprises	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
ROC	I-ORG
,	O
avers	O
,	O
"	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
needs	O
to	O
improve	O
,	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
change	O
.	O
"	O


Democratic	O
reform	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
has	O
come	O
about	O
without	O
the	O
shedding	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
drop	O
of	O
blood	O
;	O
this	O
is	O
an	O
amazing	O
accomplishment	O
.	O


"	O
Our	O
house	O
is	O
already	O
built	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
perfect	O
,	O
and	O
needs	O
some	O
renovation	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
it	O
really	O
necessary	O
to	O
tear	O
it	O
down	O
and	O
start	O
again	O
?	O
"	O


Ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
total	O
annual	O
value	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
was	O
NT$	B-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Today	B-DATE
that	O
figure	O
is	O
NT$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
a	O
four-fold	B-CARDINAL
increase	O
.	O


Day	B-PERSON
asks	O
:	O
"	O
If	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
were	O
not	O
a	O
good	O
business	O
environment	O
,	O
why	O
would	O
big	O
corporations	O
bring	O
their	O
second	B-ORDINAL
generation	O
back	O
from	O
abroad	O
to	O
take	O
over	O
?	O


In	O
this	O
era	O
of	O
globalization	O
,	O
they	O
could	O
simply	O
let	O
their	O
children	O
stay	O
overseas	O
!	O
"	O


He	O
argues	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
was	O
the	O
country	O
least	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
financial	O
crisis	O
because	O
the	O
government	O
handled	O
the	O
situation	O
well	O
.	O


He	O
gives	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
economic	O
cabinet	O
a	O
grade	O
of	O
98	B-CARDINAL
.	O


He	O
is	O
worried	O
that	O
if	O
someone	O
other	O
than	O
the	O
ruling	O
party	O
candidate	O
wins	O
the	O
election	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
economic	O
officials	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
as	O
capable	O
.	O


Governing	O
is	O
different	O


Wang	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chuang	I-PERSON
states	O
:	O
"	O
All	O
candidates	O
have	O
beautiful	O
-	O
sounding	O
platforms	O
,	O
because	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
presidential	O
election	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
must	O
have	O
a	O
blueprint	O
for	O
governing	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O


But	O
running	O
for	O
office	O
and	O
running	O
the	O
country	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
very	O
different	O
things	O
.	O
"	O


It	O
has	O
been	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
campaigning	O
is	O
like	O
poetry	O
,	O
governing	O
is	O
like	O
an	O
essay	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
writing	O
a	O
poem	O
,	O
one	O
can	O
create	O
a	O
coherent	O
and	O
highly	O
refined	O
work	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
only	O
actual	O
governing	O
that	O
tests	O
one	O
's	O
true	O
staying	O
power	O
.	O


Scholars	O
have	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
2000	B-DATE
election	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
three	B-CARDINAL
special	O
characteristics	O
:	O


For	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
the	O
opposition	O
has	O
a	O
very	O
real	O
possibility	O
of	O
taking	O
the	O
reins	O
of	O
government	O
.	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
leading	O
candidates	O
are	O
so	O
close	O
it	O
is	O
impossible	O
to	O
tell	O
who	O
will	O
win	O
.	O


And	O
third	B-ORDINAL
,	O
whatever	O
the	O
outcome	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
post-strongman	O
era	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
new	O
era	O
,	O
says	O
Wang	B-PERSON
,	O
new	O
standards	O
for	O
leadership	O
are	O
needed	O
.	O


The	O
national	O
leader	O
must	O
be	O
more	O
than	O
just	O
a	O
local	O
politico	O
writ	O
large	O
.	O


Wang	B-PERSON
gives	O
his	O
personal	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
pros	O
and	O
cons	O
for	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
candidates	O
:	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
is	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
brings	O
the	O
most	O
hope	O
and	O
vitality	O
,	O
because	O
his	O
policies	O
would	O
be	O
clearly	O
different	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
.	O


But	O
his	O
biggest	O
problem	O
is	O
"	O
instability	O
"	O
-	O
not	O
personal	O
instability	O
,	O
but	O
policy	O
instability	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
sometimes	O
he	O
seems	O
opposed	O
to	O
allowing	O
PRC	B-GPE
firms	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
sometimes	O
in	O
favor	O
;	O
sometimes	O
he	O
seems	O
against	O
the	O
opening	O
of	O
direct	O
links	O
with	O
the	O
mainland	O
,	O
sometimes	O
not	O
.	O


James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
is	O
very	O
capable	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
very	O
success	O
may	O
be	O
his	O
weak	O
point	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
often	O
very	O
proud	O
of	O
himself	O
because	O
his	O
provincial	O
administration	O
built	O
a	O
bridge	O
or	O
aqueduct	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
ordinary	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
ancient	O
Chinese	B-NORP
governing	O
wisdom	O
criticizes	O
those	O
who	O
"	O
accomplish	O
a	O
small	O
feat	O
and	O
think	O
they	O
can	O
do	O
anything	O
,	O
or	O
discover	O
a	O
trivial	O
idea	O
and	O
think	O
they	O
are	O
brilliant	O
.	O
"	O


Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
offers	O
stability	O
above	O
all	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
carries	O
a	O
heavy	O
burden	O
.	O


Lien	B-PERSON
must	O
face	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
his	O
party	O
has	O
been	O
governing	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
for	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
people	O
want	O
change	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
he	O
wins	O
,	O
this	O
may	O
mean	O
only	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
are	O
willing	O
to	O
give	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
a	O
chance	O
,	O
and	O
would	O
not	O
necessarily	O
be	O
an	O
endorsement	O
of	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
itself	O
.	O


Peace	O
as	O
a	O
weapon	O


What	O
kinds	O
of	O
challenges	O
face	O
the	O
next	O
leader	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
?	O


Public	O
opinion	O
surveys	O
show	O
that	O
voters	O
are	O
most	O
concerned	O
about	O
crime	O
and	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
February	B-DATE
survey	O
conducted	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
citizens	O
very	O
concerned	O
about	O
crime	O
was	O
31	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
eleven	B-PERCENT
percentage	I-PERCENT
points	I-PERCENT
higher	O
than	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Roughly	O
the	O
same	O
percentage	O
said	O
they	O
were	O
most	O
concerned	O
about	O
problems	O
of	O
finance	O
and	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O


Early	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
Commonwealth	B-ORG
magazine	O
asked	O
citizens	O
,	O
"	O
What	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
thing	O
the	O
new	O
president	O
should	O
do	O
after	O
taking	O
office	O
?	O
"	O


The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
believe	O
that	O
the	O
most	O
urgent	O
problems	O
are	O
crime	O
,	O
"	O
black	O
gold	O
politics	O
"	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
confluence	O
of	O
organized	O
crime	O
,	O
moneyed	O
interests	O
,	O
and	O
corrupt	O
politicians	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
raising	O
economic	O
competitiveness	O
.	O


Senior	O
journalist	O
Chu	B-PERSON
Sung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chiu	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
all	O
three	B-CARDINAL
major	O
candidates	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
opposed	O
to	O
black	O
gold	O
politics	O
.	O


But	O
citizens	O
want	O
more	O
than	O
slogans	O
,	O
they	O
want	O
effective	O
action	O
.	O


Political	O
scientist	O
Alexander	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
the	O
crux	O
of	O
the	O
issue	O
is	O
resoluteness	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
resolve	O
was	O
there	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
that	O
difficult	O
to	O
reduce	O
crime	O
and	O
corruption	O
.	O


Ting	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jen	I-PERSON
says	O
,	O
"	O
Crime	O
is	O
rising	O
fastest	O
among	O
youth	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
argues	O
that	O
education	O
is	O
in	O
fact	O
the	O
best	O
crime	O
-	O
fighting	O
policy	O
:	O


"	O
If	O
students	O
can	O
enjoy	O
a	O
happy	O
learning	O
environment	O
at	O
school	O
,	O
then	O
society	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
sitting	O
on	O
a	O
powderkeg	O
.	O
"	O


Ting	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
,	O
although	O
education	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
panacea	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
certainly	O
not	O
irrelevant	O
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
education	O
policy	O
are	O
visible	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
term	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
therefore	O
has	O
a	O
relatively	O
weak	O
position	O
in	O
politics	O
and	O
is	O
often	O
neglected	O
because	O
policymakers	O
probably	O
will	O
not	O
see	O
the	O
fruits	O
of	O
their	O
efforts	O
in	O
their	O
terms	O
of	O
office	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
main	O
industries	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
information	O
and	O
telecommunications	O
industries	O
,	O
are	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
.	O


If	O
education	O
is	O
done	O
well	O
,	O
the	O
benefits	O
will	O
spread	O
to	O
many	O
other	O
areas	O
.	O


The	O
greatest	O
variable	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
society	O
remains	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
.	O


"	O
In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
continually	O
testing	O
where	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
draw	O
the	O
line	O
in	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
social	O
critic	O
Nan	B-PERSON
Fang	I-PERSON
Shuo	I-PERSON
.	O


But	O
playing	O
word	O
games	O
over	O
how	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
relationship	O
is	O
simply	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
hiding	O
from	O
the	O
problem	O
,	O
ostrich	O
-	O
like	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
situation	O
deteriorates	O
.	O


Fortunately	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
main	O
candidates	O
have	O
committed	O
themselves	O
to	O
a	O
moderate	O
path	O
.	O


Right	O
now	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
choice	O
between	O
peace	O
and	O
war	O
in	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
important	O
challenge	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
now	O
is	O
to	O
transcend	O
the	O
old	O
mentalities	O
of	O
cold	O
war	O
anti-communism	O
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
independence	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
new	O
logic	O
of	O
peace	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
future	O
is	O
now	O
in	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
its	O
voters	O
.	O


Party	O
Hardy	O
?	O


Will	O
the	O
Election	O
Weaken	O
Political	O
Parties	O
?	O


-LRB-	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Sinorama	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Photography	I-ORG
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
John	B-PERSON
Murphy	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


In	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
quiet	O
revolution	O
"	O
of	O
democratization	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
have	O
participated	O
enthusiastically	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
irrationally	O
.	O


Now	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
strong	O
parties	O
,	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
and	O
DPP	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
slogan	O
of	O
"	O
peaceful	O
rotation	O
of	O
political	O
parties	O
in	O
power	O
"	O
has	O
become	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
appeals	O
for	O
the	O
opposition	O
.	O


It	O
happens	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
turn	O
of	O
the	O
mil	O
-	O
lennium	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
has	O
inspired	O
many	O
people	O
to	O
think	O
of	O
change	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
middle	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
March	I-DATE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
will	O
select	O
the	O
president	O
who	O
will	O
lead	O
the	O
island	O
into	O
the	B-DATE
new	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
the	O
election	O
,	O
besides	O
affecting	O
the	O
future	O
direction	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
has	O
another	O
rarely	O
mentioned	O
dimension	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
major	O
candidates	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
are	O
running	O
roughly	O
equal	O
,	O
this	O
suggests	O
that	O
after	O
the	O
election	O
there	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
restructuring	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
political	O
party	O
system	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
are	O
selecting	O
not	O
only	O
their	O
future	O
leaders	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
choosing	O
a	O
new	O
direction	O
for	O
party	O
politics	O
and	O
democratic	O
development	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
it	O
about	O
the	O
political	O
environment	O
that	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
election	O
for	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
was	O
not	O
conceived	O
as	O
a	O
presidential	O
system	O
,	O
will	O
affect	O
the	O
future	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
?	O


How	O
will	O
party	O
politics	O
change	O
after	O
the	O
election	O
?	O


Is	O
there	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
constitutional	O
crisis	O
?	O


In	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
challenges	O
:	O


The	O
pressure	O
is	O
on	O
to	O
achieve	O
industrial	O
upgrading	O
and	O
internationalization	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
there	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
clear	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
critical	O
area	O
of	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
.	O


Although	O
entry	O
into	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
will	O
create	O
a	O
new	O
situation	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
remain	O
in	O
an	O
obscure	O
relationship	O
that	O
is	O
neither	O
war	O
nor	O
peace	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
must	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
policy	O
that	O
considers	O
economic	O
,	O
diplomatic	O
,	O
and	O
military	O
factors	O
.	O


Internally	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
worrying	O
problems	O
-	O
"	O
black	O
gold	O
politics	O
"	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
confluence	O
of	O
criminal	O
gangs	O
,	O
moneyed	O
interests	O
,	O
and	O
corrupt	O
politicians	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
rising	O
crime	O
,	O
and	O
only	O
erratic	O
environmental	O
consciousness	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
urgent	O
to	O
achieve	O
consensus	O
on	O
these	O
problems	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
find	O
solutions	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
way	O
battle	O


The	O
desire	O
for	O
change	O
is	O
reflected	O
in	O
the	O
upcoming	O
presidential	O
election	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
post-strongman	O
era	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Pomfret	I-PERSON
,	O
bureau	O
chief	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
,	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
,	O
after	O
a	O
long	O
era	O
of	O
rule	O
by	O
virtually	O
unchallenged	O
leaders	O
,	O
the	O
electorate	O
is	O
looking	O
for	O
more	O
choice	O
.	O


The	O
2000	B-DATE
race	O
,	O
with	O
so	O
many	O
tickets	O
contending	O
,	O
reflects	O
this	O
aspiration	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
top	O
,	O
this	O
election	O
is	O
a	O
contest	O
among	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
second	B-ORDINAL
-	O
generation	O
political	O
elites	O
.	O


Underneath	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
struggle	O
among	O
the	O
various	O
forces	O
that	O
currently	O
exist	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
society	O
.	O


The	O
KMT	B-ORG
nominee	O
,	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
,	O
is	O
seen	O
as	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
annointed	O
successor	O
.	O


He	O
represents	O
the	O
continuation	O
of	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
tradition	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
nominee	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Progressive	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
the	O
greatest	O
hope	O
for	O
the	O
opposition	O
party	O
as	O
it	O
seeks	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
ever	O
transfer	O
of	O
power	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Independent	O
candidate	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
represents	O
forces	O
which	O
have	O
split	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
.	O


He	O
is	O
seen	O
as	O
leading	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
wave	O
of	O
"	B-PERSON
anti-Lee	I-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
"	I-PERSON
sentiment	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
which	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Soong	B-PERSON
's	O
candidacy	O
has	O
opened	O
up	O
new	O
fault	O
lines	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
party	O
politics	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
attracted	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
many	O
NP	B-ORG
legislators	O
and	O
other	O
non-KMT	B-ORG
and	O
non-DPP	B-ORG
forces	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
itself	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
edge	O
of	O
collapse	O
,	O
has	O
nominated	O
the	O
renowned	O
author	O
Li	B-PERSON
Ao	I-PERSON
as	O
its	O
candidate	O
,	O
though	O
Li	B-PERSON
is	O
not	O
a	O
party	O
member	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
these	O
four	B-CARDINAL
,	O
former	O
DPP	B-ORG
chairman	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
Hsin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
liang	I-PERSON
,	O
having	O
failed	O
to	O
win	O
the	O
nomination	O
of	O
his	O
party	O
,	O
withdrew	O
from	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
and	O
is	O
running	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
campaign	O
began	O
in	O
earnest	O
,	O
Lien	B-PERSON
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Soong	B-PERSON
have	O
been	O
getting	O
roughly	O
similar	O
numbers	O
in	O
public	O
opinion	O
polls	O
,	O
with	O
about	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
quarter	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
electorate	O
undecided	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
election	O
so	O
close	O
at	O
hand	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
situation	O
so	O
uncertain	O
,	O
naturally	O
the	O
media	O
and	O
society	O
have	O
been	O
focused	O
on	O
analyzing	O
the	O
election	O
battle	O
itself	O
.	O


Very	O
few	O
people	O
have	O
transcended	O
this	O
to	O
ask	O
what	O
impact	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
way	O
power	O
struggle	O
will	O
have	O
on	O
the	O
future	O
political	O
situation	O
.	O


Public	O
opinion	O
trial	O
balloon	O


The	O
ROC	B-GPE
constitution	O
was	O
not	O
originally	O
designed	O
as	O
a	O
presidential	O
system	O
.	O


The	O
constitution	O
divided	O
power	O
among	O
five	B-CARDINAL
branches	O
of	O
government	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
premier	O
as	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
executive	O
branch	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
president	O
separate	O
from	O
,	O
but	O
theoretically	O
not	O
controlling	O
,	O
these	O
five	B-CARDINAL
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
presidents	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
Kai	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
shek	I-PERSON
and	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuo	I-PERSON
were	O
the	O
de	O
facto	O
unchallenged	O
rulers	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
was	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
roles	O
as	O
chairmen	O
of	O
the	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
old	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
party	O
system	O
,	O
outlawed	O
any	O
opposition	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
president	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
powerful	O
,	O
not	O
powerful	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
president	O
.	O


But	O
today	B-DATE
times	O
have	O
changed	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
has	O
the	O
constitution	O
.	O


Most	O
importantly	O
,	O
the	O
constitutional	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
president	O
has	O
been	O
greatly	O
increased	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
cheng	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
associate	O
professor	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Graduate	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Mainland	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
Studies	I-ORG
at	O
National	B-ORG
Sun	I-ORG
Yat	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
sen	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
notes	O
that	O
the	O
president	O
had	O
always	O
enjoyed	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
special	O
powers	O
:	O
appointing	O
and	O
dismissing	O
of	O
officials	O
,	O
dissolving	O
of	O
the	O
parliament	O
,	O
issuing	O
of	O
emergency	O
decrees	O
in	O
times	O
of	O
national	O
emergency	O
,	O
and	O
determining	O
national	O
-	O
security	O
-	O
related	O
policies	O
through	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
recent	O
constitutional	O
revisions	O
also	O
give	O
the	O
president	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
appoint	O
the	O
premier	O
without	O
requiring	O
approval	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
.	O


This	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
president	O
is	O
now	O
the	O
guiding	O
figure	O
behind	O
all	O
executive	O
branch	O
policy	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
President	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
's	O
exercise	O
of	O
such	O
powers	O
has	O
not	O
proved	O
politically	O
destabilizing	O
because	O
he	O
has	O
been	O
concurrently	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
enjoys	O
a	O
majority	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
.	O


However	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
opposition	O
wins	O
the	O
presidency	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
uncertain	O
whether	O
the	O
president	O
and	O
legislature	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
work	O
together	O
harmoniously	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
are	O
conflicts	O
,	O
this	O
could	O
spark	O
a	O
constitutional	O
crisis	O
.	O


Another	O
development	O
that	O
needs	O
watching	O
is	O
that	O
direct	O
election	O
of	O
the	O
president	O
has	O
weakened	O
political	O
parties	O
.	O


Alexander	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
,	O
professor	O
of	O
political	O
science	O
at	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
states	O
that	O
voters	O
no	O
longer	O
base	O
their	O
choice	O
primarily	O
on	O
political	O
party	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
has	O
enabled	O
independent	O
candidate	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
to	O
remain	O
a	O
powerful	O
force	O
even	O
after	O
leaving	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
.	O


Whether	O
he	O
wins	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
his	O
candidacy	O
signals	O
a	O
drastic	O
change	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
party	O
politics	O
.	O


Candidate	O
as	O
hero	O


Lu	B-PERSON
continues	O
:	O
"	O
Direct	O
election	O
of	O
the	O
president	O
has	O
'	O
put	O
the	O
candidate	O
on	O
a	O
pedestal	O
,	O
'	O
turning	O
the	O
attention	O
of	O
the	O
voters	O
to	O
the	O
individual	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
fact	O
the	O
most	O
significant	O
thing	O
about	O
this	O
election	O
is	O
not	O
which	O
'	O
hero	O
'	O
will	O
lead	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
voters	O
should	O
pay	O
even	O
more	O
attention	O
to	O
how	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
candidates	O
could	O
affect	O
future	O
party	O
politics	O
and	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
constitutional	O
development	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
main	O
parties	O
-	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
as	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
major	O
parties	O
,	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
as	O
a	O
noteworthy	O
but	O
limited	O
third	B-ORDINAL
force	O
-	O
all	O
understand	O
the	O
implications	O
of	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
powerful	O
candidacy	O
very	O
clearly	O
.	O


They	O
know	O
that	O
this	O
election	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
a	O
struggle	O
for	O
political	O
office	O
,	O
but	O
even	O
more	O
is	O
a	O
critical	O
moment	O
that	O
may	O
decide	O
whether	O
their	O
respective	O
parties	O
develop	O
,	O
split	O
up	O
,	O
or	O
disappear	O
.	O


KMT	B-ORG
party	O
chairman	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
has	O
repeatedly	O
called	O
on	O
voters	O
to	O
cherish	O
the	O
system	O
of	O
party	O
politics	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
constructed	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
democratization	O
;	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
wants	O
confirmation	O
that	O
people	O
still	O
see	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
coherent	O
,	O
positive	O
political	O
institution	O
.	O


The	O
DPP	B-ORG
sees	O
this	O
election	O
as	O
its	O
chance	O
to	O
displace	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
and	O
set	O
a	O
precedent	O
for	O
the	O
peaceful	O
rotation	O
of	O
political	O
parties	O
in	O
power	O
,	O
thereby	O
consolidating	O
its	O
position	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
.	O


James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
hoping	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
desire	O
for	O
change	O
,	O
emphasizes	O
that	O
if	O
he	O
is	O
elected	O
as	O
a	O
non-party	O
candidate	O
he	O
will	O
promote	O
reforms	O
which	O
will	O
alter	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
parties	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
is	O
in	O
the	O
most	O
embarrassing	O
position	O
,	O
since	O
its	O
candidate	O
-LRB-	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
Ao	I-PERSON
-RRB-	I-PERSON
is	O
not	O
even	O
a	O
party	O
member	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
unable	O
to	O
keep	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
members	O
from	O
shifting	O
their	O
support	O
to	O
Soong	B-PERSON
instead	O
;	O
this	O
election	O
could	O
therefore	O
hasten	O
the	O
collapse	O
of	O
the	O
NP	B-ORG
.	O


Peaceful	O
transfer	O
of	O
power	O


If	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
is	O
elected	O
,	O
this	O
would	O
be	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
case	O
of	O
a	O
peaceful	O
transfer	O
of	O
power	O
from	O
one	B-CARDINAL
party	O
to	O
another	O
.	O


DPP	B-ORG
legislator	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hung	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
democratization	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
during	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
administration	O
has	O
been	O
smooth	O
and	O
tranquil	O
,	O
but	O
beneath	O
the	O
surface	O
there	O
lurks	O
a	O
major	O
threat	O
to	O
democracy	O
:	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
's	O
"	O
black	O
gold	O
politics	O
.	O
"	O


Explains	O
Chang	B-PERSON
:	O
The	O
DPP	B-ORG
has	O
never	O
had	O
the	O
chance	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
ruling	O
party	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
in	O
a	O
position	O
to	O
fulfill	O
its	O
function	O
of	O
restraining	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
result	O
of	O
this	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
trend	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
is	O
"	O
overnourished	O
"	O
by	O
feeding	O
on	O
the	O
resources	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
and	O
society	O
while	O
the	O
opposition	O
parties	O
are	O
"	O
undernourished	O
.	O
"	O


Chang	B-PERSON
says	O
if	O
there	O
were	O
a	O
transfer	O
of	O
power	O
,	O
the	O
opposition	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
understand	O
more	O
clearly	O
the	O
actual	O
difficulties	O
of	O
governing	O
and	O
to	O
see	O
more	O
clearly	O
the	O
dark	O
corners	O
that	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
cleaned	O
out	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
ruling	O
party	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
rich	O
experience	O
in	O
governing	O
,	O
would	O
be	O
very	O
qualified	O
to	O
play	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
overseeing	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
a	O
defeat	O
for	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
could	O
also	O
promote	O
its	O
internal	O
reassessment	O
and	O
reform	O
.	O


Were	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
to	O
win	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
would	O
take	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
executive	O
branch	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
current	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
major	O
-	O
plus	O
-	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
minor	O
party	O
structure	O
would	O
probably	O
not	O
change	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
cheng	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
a	O
Chen	B-PERSON
victory	O
would	O
have	O
its	O
greatest	O
impact	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
-	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
effect	O
would	O
be	O
positive	O
.	O


After	O
an	O
impressive	O
start	O
,	O
the	O
NP	B-ORG
has	O
faded	O
steadily	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
elections	O
,	O
and	O
suffered	O
an	O
especially	O
sharp	O
blow	O
in	O
the	O
election	O
for	O
mayor	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


NP	B-ORG
votes	O
drifted	O
to	O
Ma	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jeou	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
-LRB-	O
albeit	O
not	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
personal	O
favorites	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
NP	B-ORG
candidate	O
received	O
only	O
an	O
anemic	O
percentage	O
of	O
the	O
ballots	O
,	O
bringing	O
the	O
party	O
to	O
the	O
edge	O
of	O
collapse	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
becomes	O
president	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
is	O
seen	O
as	O
the	O
party	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
independence	O
-	O
the	O
direct	O
antithesis	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
-	O
this	O
could	O
inspire	O
NP	B-ORG
members	O
to	O
pull	O
together	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
give	O
the	O
party	O
the	O
status	O
and	O
ability	O
to	O
absorb	O
the	O
forces	O
that	O
are	O
backing	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
.	O


This	O
would	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
building	O
of	O
a	O
true	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
party	O
system	O
.	O


An	O
opposition	O
-	O
controlled	O
legislature	O


If	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
is	O
elected	O
,	O
his	O
biggest	O
challenge	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
problem	O
will	O
be	O
naming	O
a	O
premier	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
constitution	O
stipulates	O
that	O
the	O
president	O
does	O
not	O
need	O
the	O
approval	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
to	O
name	O
a	O
premier	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
has	O
a	O
majority	O
there	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
faces	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
finding	O
a	O
premier	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
KMT	B-ORG
legislators	O
.	O


The	O
Chen	B-PERSON
camp	O
is	O
well	O
aware	O
of	O
this	O
problem	O
.	O


Therefore	O
they	O
have	O
let	O
it	O
be	O
known	O
that	O
Chen	B-PERSON
would	O
like	O
to	O
ask	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Yuan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tse	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
universally	O
respected	O
Nobel	B-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
winner	O
who	O
is	O
currently	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Academia	I-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
,	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
premier	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
knows	O
that	O
within	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
there	O
is	O
little	O
high	O
-	O
level	O
governing	O
experience	O
,	O
has	O
repeatedly	O
raised	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
coalition	O
government	O
.	O
"	O


However	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
noted	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
after	O
all	O
great	O
ideological	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
other	O
parties	O
.	O


KMT	B-ORG
legislator	O
Li	B-PERSON
Hsien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jen	I-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
retains	O
advocacy	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
independence	O
in	O
its	O
party	O
platform	O
,	O
and	O
DPP	B-ORG
vice-presidential	O
candidate	O
Annette	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
is	O
well	O
known	O
for	O
her	O
support	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
independence	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
therefore	O
hard	O
to	O
guarantee	O
that	O
the	O
executive	O
branch	O
will	O
not	O
come	O
into	O
conflict	O
with	O
the	O
legislature	O
.	O


In	O
such	O
a	O
conflict	O
,	O
the	O
premier	O
would	O
be	O
caught	O
in	O
the	O
crossfire	O
.	O


The	O
legislature	O
could	O
pass	O
a	O
vote	O
of	O
no	O
confidence	O
and	O
completely	O
boycott	O
the	O
premier	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
premier	O
could	O
dissolve	O
the	O
parliament	O
and	O
appeal	O
to	O
a	O
public	O
referendum	O
.	O


Either	O
case	O
would	O
spark	O
a	O
constitutional	O
crisis	O
.	O


Alexander	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
agrees	O
that	O
a	O
Chen	B-PERSON
victory	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
inter-branch	O
conflict	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
does	O
not	O
see	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
independence	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
flashpoint	O
.	O


The	O
critical	O
issues	O
will	O
instead	O
be	O
those	O
related	O
to	O
"	O
black	O
gold	O
politics	O
,	O
"	O
such	O
as	O
stock	O
trading	O
taxes	O
,	O
which	O
directly	O
affect	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
certain	O
legislators	O
.	O


Lu	B-PERSON
explains	O
:	O
"	O
Currently	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
is	O
filled	O
with	O
representatives	O
of	O
capital	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
laws	O
that	O
directly	O
affect	O
their	O
personal	O
privileges	O
and	O
interests	O
,	O
even	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
is	O
powerless	O
to	O
control	O
them	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
has	O
repeatedly	O
emphasized	O
that	O
he	O
intends	O
to	O
wipe	O
out	O
black	O
gold	O
politics	O
and	O
will	O
never	O
compromise	O
.	O


Inevitably	O
,	O
then	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
clash	O
with	O
these	O
legislators	O
.	O
"	O


Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
burden	O


If	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
is	O
elected	O
,	O
the	O
party	O
-	O
politics	O
issues	O
most	O
deserving	O
of	O
attention	O
will	O
be	O
whether	O
this	O
hastens	O
the	O
demise	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
and	O
whether	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
party	O
organization	O
and	O
the	O
government	O
can	O
move	O
together	O
in	O
step	O
.	O


Lien	B-PERSON
is	O
seen	O
as	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
designated	O
successor	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
term	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
chairmanship	O
of	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
,	O
after	O
the	O
election	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
in	O
which	O
Lee	B-PERSON
remains	O
party	O
chairman	O
,	O
while	O
Lien	B-PERSON
is	O
president	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
state	O
policy	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
decided	O
by	O
the	O
party	O
chairman	O
.	O


Observers	O
are	O
very	O
curious	O
about	O
whether	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
has	O
in	O
fact	O
changed	O
,	O
or	O
whether	O
we	O
will	O
see	O
a	O
repeat	O
of	O
what	O
happened	O
back	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
:	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
Yen	B-PERSON
Chia	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kan	I-PERSON
was	O
president	O
,	O
but	O
national	O
policy	O
was	O
in	O
fact	O
determined	O
by	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuo	I-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
authority	O
derived	O
from	O
his	O
post	O
as	O
party	O
chairman	O
and	O
who	O
took	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
premier	O
from	O
which	O
to	O
oversee	O
day	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
day	O
policy	O
-	O
making	O
.	O


As	O
Li	B-PERSON
Hsien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jen	I-PERSON
analyzes	O
the	O
situation	O
,	O
if	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
is	O
elected	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
indeed	O
be	O
a	O
transition	O
period	O
in	O
his	O
relations	O
with	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
.	O


But	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
necessarily	O
a	O
bad	O
thing	O
for	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
.	O


Consider	O
,	O
says	O
Li	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
James	B-ORG
Soong	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
candidacy	O
has	O
raised	O
the	O
specter	O
of	O
a	O
party	O
split	O
.	O


A	O
victory	O
for	O
Lien	B-PERSON
,	O
with	O
Lee	B-PERSON
continuing	O
as	O
party	O
chairman	O
,	O
would	O
be	O
helpful	O
to	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
in	O
resolving	O
internal	O
party	O
disputes	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
consolidating	O
Lien	B-PERSON
's	O
party	O
and	O
government	O
position	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
unlikely	O
that	O
the	O
Yen	B-PERSON
-	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
situation	O
would	O
be	O
repeated	O
,	O
since	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
will	O
certainly	O
not	O
have	O
an	O
office	O
like	O
premier	O
which	O
would	O
involve	O
him	O
in	O
day	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
day	O
policy	O
-	O
making	O
.	O


What	O
would	O
a	O
Lien	B-PERSON
victory	O
mean	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
?	O


Remember	O
that	O
the	O
NP	B-ORG
was	O
organized	O
primarily	O
out	O
of	O
opposition	O
to	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
.	O


If	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
can	O
escape	O
from	O
Lee	B-PERSON
's	O
shadow	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
would	O
lose	O
its	O
original	O
purpose	O
,	O
and	O
members	O
could	O
possibly	O
return	O
to	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
,	O
restoring	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
party	O
system	O
that	O
reigned	O
before	O
the	O
NP	B-ORG
was	O
formed	O
.	O


Another	O
significant	O
possibility	O
is	O
that	O
New	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
members	O
,	O
who	O
tend	O
to	O
support	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
,	O
could	O
organize	O
a	O
brand	O
-	O
new	O
political	O
party	O
with	O
remnant	O
Soong	B-PERSON
backers	O
after	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


Shao	B-PERSON
Tsung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hai	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
professor	O
at	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchih	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
and	O
a	O
campaign	O
staffer	O
for	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
,	O
states	O
:	O
Soong	B-PERSON
has	O
reiterated	O
that	O
he	O
personally	O
has	O
no	O
intention	O
of	O
organizing	O
a	O
new	O
political	O
party	O
after	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
political	O
forces	O
that	O
support	O
him	O
will	O
necessarily	O
have	O
to	O
organize	O
themselves	O
in	O
some	O
fashion	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
after	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
leaves	O
the	O
scene	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
NP	B-ORG
no	O
longer	O
has	O
that	O
fixation	O
,	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
establishing	O
a	O
new	O
party	O
with	O
Soong	B-PERSON
's	O
other	O
supporters	O
-LRB-	O
who	O
by	O
no	O
means	O
necessarily	O
dislike	O
Lee	B-PERSON
-RRB-	O
increases	O
.	O


If	O
this	O
happens	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
will	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
in	O
decline	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
,	O
but	O
will	O
re-emerge	O
as	O
a	O
force	O
to	O
be	O
reckoned	O
with	O
,	O
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
looking	O
at	O
a	O
true	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
party	O
system	O
.	O


If	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
is	O
elected	O
,	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
will	O
continue	O
to	O
hold	O
both	O
executive	O
power	O
and	O
a	O
legislative	O
majority	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
premier	O
will	O
serve	O
simply	O
as	O
the	O
chief	O
of	O
staff	O
to	O
the	O
president	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
current	O
public	O
opinion	O
polls	O
,	O
it	O
appears	O
that	O
whoever	O
wins	O
,	O
Lien	B-PERSON
included	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
only	O
a	O
"	O
plurality	O
president	O
,	O
"	O
without	O
a	O
strong	O
mandate	O
to	O
rule	O
.	O


To	O
a	O
certain	O
degree	O
,	O
then	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
accommodate	O
other	O
political	O
forces	O
.	O


Chang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hung	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
knows	O
the	O
legislative	O
environment	O
very	O
well	O
,	O
explains	O
:	O
"	O
Even	O
now	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
pass	O
important	O
legislation	O
there	O
must	O
be	O
compromise	O
and	O
negotiations	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
virtually	O
impossible	O
for	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
to	O
railroad	O
through	O
legislation	O
under	O
the	O
leadership	O
of	O
a	O
president	O
who	O
does	O
n't	O
enjoy	O
majority	O
public	O
support	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
need	O
for	O
compromise	O
could	O
be	O
further	O
increased	O
by	O
the	O
proposed	O
law	O
currently	O
under	O
discussion	O
to	O
put	O
all	O
party	O
assets	O
in	O
blind	O
trust	O
.	O


This	O
would	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
on	O
paper	O
,	O
reduce	O
the	O
financial	O
leverage	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
would	O
have	O
over	O
its	O
legislators	O
,	O
and	O
KMT	B-ORG
representatives	O
could	O
become	O
even	O
more	O
difficult	O
for	O
the	O
party	O
to	O
control	O
.	O


Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
may	O
face	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
being	O
unable	O
to	O
enforce	O
the	O
decisions	O
of	O
the	O
party	O
center	O
.	O


If	O
Soong	B-PERSON
wins	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
.	O


Many	O
supporters	O
of	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
are	O
people	O
dissatisfied	O
with	O
the	O
current	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
parties	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
generally	O
believed	O
that	O
if	O
Soong	B-PERSON
wins	O
the	O
election	O
,	O
this	O
could	O
spark	O
a	O
dramatic	O
reorganization	O
of	O
party	O
politics	O
.	O


The	O
main	O
blow	O
could	O
fall	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
could	O
find	O
itself	O
made	O
irrelevant	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
also	O
strongly	O
affected	O
.	O


If	O
Soong	B-PERSON
wins	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
considered	O
virtually	O
inevitable	O
that	O
his	O
supporters	O
will	O
organize	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
political	O
organization	O
.	O


Shao	B-PERSON
Tsung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hai	I-PERSON
says	O
frankly	O
that	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
Soong	B-PERSON
himself	O
does	O
not	O
lead	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
his	O
supporters	O
-	O
faced	O
with	O
the	O
reality	O
of	O
party	O
politics	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
-	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
organize	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
coordinate	O
their	O
operations	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
public	O
opinion	O
surveys	O
,	O
an	O
extremely	O
high	O
percentage	O
of	O
NP	B-ORG
members	O
support	O
Soong	B-PERSON
.	O


If	O
Soong	B-PERSON
wins	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
logical	O
for	O
these	O
people	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
NP	B-ORG
and	O
join	O
forces	O
with	O
other	O
Soong	B-PERSON
backers	O
,	O
thereby	O
gutting	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
.	O


NP	B-ORG
secretary	O
-	O
general	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Ben	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
nan	I-PERSON
states	O
:	O
"	O
As	O
early	O
as	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
leadership	O
realized	O
that	O
our	O
party	O
could	O
potentially	O
disappear	O
"	O
if	O
Soong	B-PERSON
wins	O
.	O


But	O
Soong	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
closest	O
of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
main	O
candidates	O
to	O
the	O
NP	B-ORG
ideals	O
,	O
thus	O
putting	O
the	O
NP	B-ORG
in	O
a	O
dilemma	O
.	O


The	O
party	O
nominated	O
Li	B-PERSON
Ao	I-PERSON
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
party	O
profile	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
NP	B-ORG
leadership	O
still	O
calls	O
on	O
party	O
members	O
to	O
support	O
Li	B-ORG
,	O
but	O
also	O
says	O
it	O
will	O
understand	O
if	O
its	O
members	O
vote	O
for	O
another	O
candidate	O
.	O


If	O
Soong	B-PERSON
wins	O
,	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
could	O
also	O
be	O
thrown	O
into	O
crisis	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
election	O
,	O
several	O
leading	O
KMT	B-ORG
figures	O
have	O
publicly	O
come	O
out	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
have	O
been	O
expelled	O
from	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
as	O
a	O
result	O
.	O


Though	O
these	O
could	O
be	O
explained	O
away	O
as	O
individuals	O
who	O
were	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
satisfy	O
their	O
personal	O
ambitions	O
inside	O
the	O
party	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
also	O
many	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
who	O
secretly	O
are	O
pro-Soong	O
.	O


If	O
elected	O
,	O
Soong	B-PERSON
will	O
have	O
a	O
wealth	O
of	O
government	O
resources	O
with	O
which	O
to	O
attract	O
even	O
more	O
people	O
to	O
openly	O
support	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
could	O
be	O
the	O
straw	O
that	O
breaks	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
's	O
back	O
.	O


Based	O
on	O
this	O
logic	O
,	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
cheng	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
an	O
era	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
party	O
politics	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


Though	O
it	O
is	O
impossible	O
to	O
say	O
whether	O
such	O
a	O
situation	O
would	O
be	O
stable	O
,	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
dissatisfied	O
with	O
the	O
current	O
choices	O
and	O
who	O
want	O
a	O
reshuffling	O
of	O
party	O
politics	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
fresh	O
climate	O
.	O


Chang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hung	I-PERSON
suggests	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
uncertainty	O
in	O
party	O
politics	O
,	O
a	O
Soong	B-PERSON
victory	O
could	O
also	O
bring	O
instability	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
constitutional	O
system	O
.	O


Except	O
for	O
some	O
of	O
his	O
followers	O
who	O
were	O
with	O
him	O
in	O
the	O
provincial	O
government	O
,	O
Soong	B-PERSON
's	O
camp	O
lacks	O
any	O
experience	O
in	O
inter-group	O
political	O
bargaining	O
.	O


With	O
Soong	B-PERSON
as	O
president	O
,	O
political	O
elites	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
would	O
be	O
,	O
as	O
Alexander	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
describes	O
it	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
basketball	O
team	O
whose	O
players	O
have	O
never	O
played	O
together	O
before	O
.	O


Soong	B-PERSON
's	O
camp	O
will	O
first	B-ORDINAL
have	O
to	O
integrate	O
their	O
own	O
internal	O
views	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
,	O
to	O
win	O
confidence	O
and	O
trust	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
,	O
work	O
with	O
both	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
.	O


Such	O
a	O
situation	O
is	O
unlikely	O
to	O
result	O
in	O
much	O
policy	O
innovation	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
fact	O
even	O
the	O
initial	O
step	O
of	O
selecting	O
a	O
premier	O
could	O
prove	O
extremely	O
difficult	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
,	O
DPP	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
NP	B-ORG
all	O
have	O
legislators	O
who	O
might	O
join	O
the	O
Soong	B-PERSON
camp	O
if	O
Soong	B-PERSON
wins	O
,	O
Soong	B-PERSON
's	O
team	O
will	O
still	O
need	O
support	O
from	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
and/or	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
,	O
support	O
they	O
can	O
only	O
get	O
through	O
negotiation	O
.	O


Past	O
experience	O
has	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
and	O
DPP	B-ORG
can	O
work	O
together	O
to	O
boycott	O
Executive	B-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
proposals	O
;	O
if	O
they	O
do	O
this	O
to	O
a	O
Soong	B-PERSON
-	O
led	O
executive	O
branch	O
,	O
this	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
crisis	O
ending	O
in	O
either	O
a	O
vote	O
of	O
no	O
confidence	O
or	O
dissolution	O
of	O
the	O
parliament	O
.	O


The	O
possibility	O
of	O
a	O
constitutional	O
crisis	O
looks	O
much	O
greater	O
under	O
Soong	B-PERSON
than	O
under	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
or	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
"	O
he	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
us	O
"	O
effect	O


Few	O
voters	O
can	O
see	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
this	O
election	O
for	O
party	O
politics	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
atmosphere	O
of	O
choosing	O
among	O
"	O
individual	O
heroes	O
"	O
rather	O
than	O
parties	O
,	O
voters	O
are	O
more	O
concerned	O
about	O
the	O
candidates	O
'	O
characters	O
and	O
deportment	O
than	O
they	O
are	O
about	O
their	O
policy	O
views	O
or	O
party	O
backgrounds	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
Soong	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
early	O
on	O
was	O
significantly	O
ahead	O
of	O
his	O
rivals	O
in	O
public	O
opinion	O
polls	O
,	O
saw	O
a	O
dramatic	O
drop	O
in	O
support	O
after	O
the	O
Chung	B-ORG
Hsing	I-ORG
Bills	I-ORG
scandal	O
broke	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
newspapers	O
and	O
TV	O
are	O
filled	O
with	O
negative	O
advertising	O
in	O
which	O
candidates	O
sling	O
mud	O
at	O
one	O
another	O
.	O


These	O
ads	O
are	O
giving	O
voters	O
the	O
impression	O
that	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
future	O
leaders	O
are	O
all	O
"	O
bad	O
apples	O
.	O
"	O


This	O
not	O
only	O
marks	O
the	O
deterioration	O
of	O
electoral	O
culture	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
a	O
serious	O
blow	O
to	O
morale	O
in	O
the	O
nation	O
and	O
society	O
.	O


The	O
effects	O
may	O
prove	O
to	O
be	O
far	O
-	O
reaching	O
.	O


Chang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hung	I-PERSON
adds	O
that	O
negative	O
election	O
tactics	O
,	O
which	O
after	O
all	O
may	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
any	O
democratic	O
country	O
,	O
are	O
not	O
-	O
bad	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
-	O
the	O
biggest	O
threat	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
voters	O
should	O
most	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
lookout	O
for	O
the	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
us	O
"	O
effect	O
.	O


Mobilization	O
of	O
votes	O
based	O
on	O
ethnicity	O
or	O
provincial	O
origin	O
is	O
the	O
cheapest	O
route	O
to	O
victory	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
a	O
tactic	O
used	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
elections	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
ethnic	O
groups	O
are	O
pitted	O
against	O
one	O
another	O
politically	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
cheng	I-PERSON
states	O
that	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
daily	O
life	O
,	O
differences	O
between	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
ethnic	O
groups	O
have	O
largely	O
disappeared	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
because	O
ethnic	O
cleavages	O
are	O
constantly	O
being	O
exploited	O
in	O
elections	O
,	O
inter-group	O
political	O
conflict	O
remains	O
serious	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
contends	O
:	O
"	O
It	O
is	O
inevitable	O
that	O
minority	O
groups	O
in	O
any	O
society	O
feel	O
insecure	O
about	O
their	O
status	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
last	O
election	O
for	O
the	O
mayor	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
was	O
obvious	O
that	O
virtually	O
all	O
mainlanders	O
voted	O
for	O
Ma	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jeou	I-PERSON
.	O


Because	O
the	O
majority	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
do	O
not	O
feel	O
threatened	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
vote	O
based	O
on	O
provincial	O
origin	O
,	O
giving	O
Ma	B-PERSON
enough	O
cross-over	O
votes	O
to	O
beat	O
out	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
.	O


In	O
this	O
upcoming	O
election	O
,	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
[	O
who	O
is	O
a	O
mainlander	O
]	O
is	O
also	O
getting	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
support	O
from	O
Hakka	B-NORP
people	O
,	O
who	O
sympathize	O
with	O
his	O
outsider	O
status	O
and	O
remember	O
his	O
support	O
for	O
Hakka	B-NORP
identity	O
.	O
"	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
however	O
"	O
natural	O
"	O
it	O
is	O
that	O
minority	O
groups	O
feel	O
insecure	O
,	O
exploitation	O
of	O
these	O
cleavages	O
for	O
electoral	O
gain	O
can	O
only	O
have	O
a	O
negative	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
impact	O
on	O
society	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
2000	B-DATE
election	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
will	O
not	O
only	O
be	O
choosing	O
a	O
new	O
leader	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
choosing	O
a	O
new	O
direction	O
for	O
party	O
politics	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
help	O
decide	O
future	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
sides	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
and	O
between	O
ethnic	O
groups	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


How	O
can	O
people	O
make	O
a	O
wise	O
choice	O
among	O
the	O
many	O
value	O
systems	O
on	O
offer	O
?	O


How	O
can	O
they	O
monitor	O
their	O
new	O
leader	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
peaceful	O
future	O
free	O
of	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
"	O
black	O
gold	O
politics	O
"	O
?	O


These	O
are	O
not	O
only	O
questions	O
for	O
this	O
election	O
,	O
but	O
eternal	O
challenges	O
for	O
the	O
whole	O
people	O
in	O
any	O
democratic	O
society	O
.	O


Full	O
Press	O
Court	O
:	O
Media	O
Exchanges	O
Boost	O
Foreign	O
Ties	O


-LRB-	O
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Newell	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
Television	B-EVENT
News	I-EVENT
Seminar	I-EVENT
for	I-EVENT
Friendly	I-EVENT
Nations	I-EVENT
,	O
sponsored	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Government	I-ORG
Information	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
,	O
began	O
just	O
after	O
the	B-DATE
lunar	I-DATE
new	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
event	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
preceding	O
it	O
,	O
brings	O
media	O
professionals	O
from	O
countries	O
with	O
formal	O
diplomatic	O
ties	O
with	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
receive	O
training	O
.	O


Each	O
year	O
the	O
course	O
is	O
offered	O
in	O
a	O
different	O
language	O
to	O
accomodate	O
different	O
participating	O
countries	O
:	O
In	O
1987	B-DATE
it	O
was	O
in	O
Spanish	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
and	O
in	O
1999	B-DATE
French	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


The	O
results	O
so	O
far	O
have	O
been	O
good	O
.	O


Where	O
do	O
these	O
media	O
professionals	O
come	O
from	O
?	O


What	O
do	O
they	O
take	O
home	O
with	O
them	O
?	O


Is	O
this	O
helpful	O
in	O
consolidating	O
ROC	B-GPE
diplomatic	O
relations	O
?	O


The	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
Television	B-EVENT
News	I-EVENT
Seminar	I-EVENT
for	I-EVENT
Friendly	I-EVENT
Nations	I-EVENT
began	O
on	O
February	B-DATE
21	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
will	O
last	O
for	O
19	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Activities	O
include	O
lectures	O
on	O
communications	O
and	O
broadcast	O
theory	O
,	O
visits	O
to	O
domestic	O
media	O
,	O
and	O
activities	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
visitors	O
understand	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
culture	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Through	O
these	O
activities	O
,	O
the	O
GIO	B-ORG
hopes	O
to	O
give	O
these	O
citizens	O
from	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
's	O
diplomatic	O
-	O
partner	O
states	O
both	O
knowledge	O
and	O
warm	O
hospitality	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
those	O
attending	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
course	O
come	O
from	O
anglophone	O
countries	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Caribbean	I-LOC
Basin	I-LOC
.	O


These	O
include	O
Grenada	B-GPE
,	O
St.	B-GPE
Vincent	I-GPE
and	I-GPE
the	I-GPE
Grenadines	I-GPE
,	O
Dominica	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
St.	B-GPE
Kitts	I-GPE
and	I-GPE
Nevis	I-GPE
-LRB-	O
all	O
eastern	O
Caribbean	B-NORP
islands	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
Belize	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
on	O
the	O
Central	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
isthmus	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
11	B-CARDINAL
high	O
-	O
level	O
media	O
professionals	O
,	O
media	O
owners	O
,	O
and	O
front	O
-	O
line	O
journalists	O
are	O
in	O
attendance	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
GIO	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
study	O
session	O
is	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
agreements	O
to	O
boost	O
journalistic	O
exchange	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
an	O
innovative	O
and	O
concrete	O
way	O
to	O
implement	O
these	O
agreements	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
those	O
attending	O
hold	O
high	O
positions	O
in	O
their	O
domestic	O
media	O
.	O


During	O
their	O
stay	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
only	O
introduced	O
to	O
media	O
elites	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
to	O
the	O
local	O
media	O
environment	O
and	O
facilities	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
also	O
gain	O
a	O
greater	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
land	O
and	O
people	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
.	O


This	O
they	O
can	O
take	O
home	O
to	O
share	O
with	O
their	O
fellow	O
citizens	O
,	O
thereby	O
helping	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
's	O
diplomatic	O
partners	O
and	O
their	O
peoples	O
to	O
understand	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
better	O
.	O


The	O
sessions	O
have	O
been	O
run	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
.	O


Lecturers	O
are	O
mainly	O
broadcasting	O
and	O
journalism	O
experts	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
they	O
include	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Kuan	I-PERSON
,	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
Hsia	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Jason	B-PERSON
Blatt	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
course	O
includes	O
classes	O
on	O
political	O
broadcasting	O
,	O
international	O
broadcasting	O
information	O
/	O
propaganda	O
strategies	O
,	O
and	O
digital	O
television	O
broadcast	O
development	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
visits	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	O
Taiwan	B-ORG
Television	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	O
Eastern	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
other	O
media	O
outlets	O
.	O


Generally	O
speaking	O
,	O
the	O
participants	O
are	O
very	O
interested	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
industries	O
and	O
products	O
.	O


Visits	O
to	O
the	O
Kuanghua	B-LOC
computer	O
market	O
have	O
proven	O
especially	O
popular	O
.	O


The	O
visitors	O
are	O
generally	O
favorably	O
impressed	O
by	O
the	O
prosperity	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
and	O
by	O
the	O
consumer	O
behavior	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
.	O


In	O
a	O
television	O
interview	O
,	O
television	O
news	O
producer	O
Marcus	B-PERSON
Bailey	I-PERSON
from	O
Maitland	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
of	O
Grenada	B-GPE
said	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
learned	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
about	O
the	O
editing	O
facilities	O
and	O
techniques	O
used	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
television	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
apply	O
this	O
information	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
television	O
production	O
work	O
when	O
he	O
returned	O
home	O
.	O


This	O
experience	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
has	O
deepened	O
his	O
desire	O
to	O
get	O
further	O
involved	O
in	O
television	O
production	O
work	O
.	O


He	O
added	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
very	O
much	O
enjoy	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
work	O
together	O
with	O
colleagues	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
television	O
.	O


Section	O
chief	O
Victor	B-PERSON
Chu	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
GIO	B-ORG
,	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
involved	O
in	O
organizing	O
the	O
camp	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
participants	O
are	O
very	O
satisfied	O
with	O
the	O
course	O
.	O


After	O
returning	O
home	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
produce	O
newspaper	O
accounts	O
of	O
their	O
experience	O
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
difficult	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
apply	O
the	O
technical	O
infomation	O
they	O
learned	O
,	O
because	O
in	O
most	O
cases	O
they	O
lack	O
the	O
hardware	O
and	O
facilities	O
available	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Thus	O
they	O
are	O
only	O
able	O
to	O
apply	O
the	O
theoretical	O
insights	O
they	O
picked	O
up	O
to	O
their	O
own	O
media	O
work	O
at	O
home	O
.	O


Chu	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
the	O
concrete	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
course	O
will	O
only	O
become	O
visible	O
with	O
a	O
longer	O
time	O
frame	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
just	O
like	O
overall	O
relations	O
between	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
:	O
They	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
consolidated	O
by	O
a	O
long	O
period	O
of	O
continual	O
exchange	O
.	O


p.	O
79	B-CARDINAL


Most	O
of	O
the	O
participants	O
at	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
Television	B-EVENT
News	I-EVENT
Seminar	I-EVENT
for	I-EVENT
Friendly	I-EVENT
Nations	I-EVENT
came	O
from	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
speaking	O
Caribbean	B-NORP
nations	O
with	O
which	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
enjoys	O
official	O
relations	O
.	O


p.	O
92	B-CARDINAL


Did	O
aliens	O
also	O
come	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
the	B-EVENT
Taipei	I-EVENT
Lantern	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
?	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
silly	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	B-EVENT
Taipei	I-EVENT
Lantern	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
main	O
theme	O
lantern	O
:	O
"	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Millenium	I-WORK_OF_ART
Gold	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dragon	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


Standing	O
17	B-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
tall	O
and	O
18	B-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
wide	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
gold	O
dragon	O
embracing	O
a	O
globe	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
supposed	O
to	O
convey	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
a	O
dragon	O
bringing	O
good	O
luck	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
93	B-CARDINAL


The	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Information	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dragon	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
lively	O
cartoon	O
-	O
like	O
appearance	O
,	O
presents	O
another	O
side	O
of	O
dragons	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
favorite	O
of	O
children	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Jimmy	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
93	B-CARDINAL


The	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Nine	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dragon	I-WORK_OF_ART
Lanterns	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	O
each	O
striking	O
a	O
different	O
pose	O
-	O
lend	O
an	O
imperial	O
aura	O
to	O
the	O
main	O
gate	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
CKS	I-FAC
Memorial	I-FAC
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Jimmy	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
95	B-CARDINAL


Butterflies	O
,	O
flying	O
birds	O
,	O
swimming	O
fish	O
,	O
and	O
peacocks	O
.	O


These	O
may	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
flash	O
of	O
the	O
large	O
electrically	O
lit	O
lanterns	O
found	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
CKS	I-FAC
Memorial	I-FAC
,	O
but	O
the	O
traditional	O
handmade	O
lanterns	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Lungshan	I-FAC
Temple	I-FAC
have	O
an	O
enduring	O
beauty	O
all	O
their	O
own	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Pu	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Big	O
Managers	O
on	O
Campus	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
advanced	O
education	O
for	O
professionals	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
hot	O
topic	O
in	O
the	O
business	O
community	O
.	O


With	O
this	O
trend	O
,	O
suddenly	O
the	O
mature	O
faces	O
of	O
managers	O
boasting	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
over	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
professional	O
experience	O
have	O
flooded	O
in	O
among	O
the	O
young	O
people	O
populating	O
university	O
campuses	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
attract	O
this	O
group	O
of	O
seasoned	O
adults	O
pulling	O
in	O
over	O
NT$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
ivory	O
tower	O
,	O
universities	O
have	O
begun	O
to	O
establish	O
executive	O
MBA	B-WORK_OF_ART
-LRB-	O
EMBA	B-WORK_OF_ART
-RRB-	O
programs	O
.	O


In	O
response	O
,	O
each	O
year	O
over	O
1000	B-CARDINAL
mature	O
professionals	O
looking	O
to	O
recharge	O
their	O
minds	O
and	O
retool	O
their	O
know	O
-	O
how	O
compete	O
for	O
a	O
precious	O
few	O
openings	O
in	O
executive	O
degree	O
programs	O
at	O
top	O
institutions	O
such	O
as	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
NTU	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
and	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchi	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


What	O
brings	O
these	O
accomplished	O
business	O
professionals	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
classroom	O
?	O


What	O
knowledge	O
do	O
they	O
seek	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
society	O
at	O
large	O
?	O


And	O
what	O
effect	O
does	O
their	O
return	O
have	O
on	O
campus	O
?	O


Morris	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
TSMC	B-ORG
and	O
a	O
leading	O
light	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
industry	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
hottest	O
university	O
lecturer	O
around	O
.	O


Two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
National	B-ORG
Chiaotung	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
invited	O
Chang	B-PERSON
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
IT	O
sector	O
's	O
most	O
prominent	O
success	O
stories	O
,	O
to	O
lecture	O
to	O
students	O
in	O
its	O
MBA	B-WORK_OF_ART
program	O
for	O
top	O
managers	O
,	O
single	O
-	O
handedly	O
raising	O
awareness	O
of	O
executive	O
MBA	B-WORK_OF_ART
-LRB-	O
EMBA	B-WORK_OF_ART
-RRB-	O
programs	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Acer	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
chairman	O
Stan	B-PERSON
Shih	I-PERSON
will	O
be	O
a	O
guest	O
lecturer	O
at	O
the	O
university	O
.	O


The	O
crush	O
of	O
business	O
professionals	O
fighting	O
for	O
a	O
spot	O
in	O
the	O
MBA	B-WORK_OF_ART
program	O
at	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
most	O
illustrious	O
institution	O
of	O
higher	O
education	O
-	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
ensured	O
that	O
the	O
acceptance	O
rate	O
for	O
the	O
executive	O
graduate	O
school	O
was	O
even	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
for	O
undergraduates	O
taking	O
the	O
national	O
university	O
entrance	O
examinations	O
.	O


Various	O
indications	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
"	O
back	O
flow	O
education	O
"	O
promoted	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
has	O
become	O
the	O
hottest	O
investment	O
undertaking	O
among	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
universities	O
.	O


Three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
the	O
effort	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
greater	O
diversity	O
of	O
higher	O
educational	O
avenues	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
MOE	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
greatly	O
increased	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
MA	B-WORK_OF_ART
degrees	O
open	O
to	O
professionals	O
in	O
the	O
workforce	O
,	O
steadily	O
reducing	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
regular	O
students	O
to	O
professionals	O
from	O
the	O
previous	O
9	B-CARDINAL
-	O
to	O
-	O
1	B-CARDINAL
ratio	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
MOE	B-ORG
allowed	O
universities	O
to	O
determine	O
entrance	O
examination	O
topics	O
,	O
testing	O
dates	O
and	O
times	O
,	O
and	O
fee	O
structures	O
individually	O
to	O
help	O
them	O
find	O
and	O
obtain	O
the	O
best	O
students	O
.	O


Always	O
in	O
search	O
of	O
revenue	O
sources	O
,	O
universities	O
naturally	O
fell	O
right	O
into	O
line	O
.	O


Twelve	B-CARDINAL
institutions	O
opened	O
programs	O
in	O
1999	B-DATE
,	O
with	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
executive	O
degree	O
programs	O
growing	O
to	O
34	B-CARDINAL
as	O
of	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
as	O
the	O
supply	O
has	O
grown	O
,	O
professionals	O
looking	O
to	O
recharge	O
their	O
intellectual	O
batteries	O
in	O
disciplines	O
ranging	O
from	O
Chinese	B-NORP
,	O
foreign	O
languages	O
,	O
and	O
physics	O
to	O
information	O
technology	O
and	O
management	O
now	O
have	O
a	O
greater	O
selection	O
from	O
which	O
to	O
choose	O
.	O


Management	O
white	O
-	O
hot	O


A	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
programs	O
is	O
available	O
,	O
but	O
popularity	O
varies	O
greatly	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
NTUST	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
opened	O
the	O
doors	O
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
graduate	O
schools	O
to	O
professionals	O
in	O
the	O
workforce	O
.	O


Among	O
them	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Fiber	I-ORG
planned	O
to	O
accept	O
10	B-CARDINAL
students	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
20	B-CARDINAL
applied	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
acceptance	O
rate	O
;	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Mechanical	I-ORG
Engineering	I-ORG
had	O
only	O
30	B-CARDINAL
applicants	O
for	O
10	B-CARDINAL
spots	O
.	O


Similarly	O
,	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
graduate	O
institutes	O
at	O
NTU	B-ORG
,	O
including	O
mechanical	O
engineering	O
,	O
Three	B-CARDINAL
Principles	O
of	O
the	O
People	O
,	O
and	O
biology	O
,	O
opened	O
degree	O
programs	O
to	O
professionals	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Expecting	O
to	O
accept	O
167	B-CARDINAL
students	O
,	O
they	O
attracted	O
a	O
mere	O
330	B-CARDINAL
-	O
combined	O
applicants	O
.	O


Compared	O
to	O
the	O
lukewarm	O
popularity	O
of	O
other	O
graduate	O
programs	O
,	O
management	O
institutes	O
are	O
white	O
hot	O
.	O


The	O
NTUST	B-ORG
College	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
attracted	O
nearly	O
500	B-CARDINAL
applicants	O
with	O
over	O
10	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
work	O
experience	O
for	O
20	B-CARDINAL
spots	O
in	O
its	O
executive	O
management	O
program	O
beginning	O
in	O
1999	B-DATE
.	O


NTU	B-ORG
's	O
College	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
opened	O
its	O
doors	O
to	O
44	B-CARDINAL
professionals	O
on	O
a	O
trial	O
basis	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
attracting	O
a	O
phenomenal	O
990	B-CARDINAL
applicants	O
.	O


When	O
95	B-CARDINAL
spots	O
were	O
offered	O
the	B-DATE
following	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
applicants	O
rose	O
again	O
to	O
1400	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
around	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
public	O
and	O
private	O
universities	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
including	O
NTU	B-ORG
,	O
National	B-ORG
Chiaotung	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
National	B-ORG
Sun	I-ORG
Yat	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
sen	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
Da	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Yeh	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Yuan	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Ze	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
,	O
offer	O
advanced	O
degree	O
programs	O
for	O
executive	O
management	O
personnel	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
it	O
that	O
makes	O
graduate	O
programs	O
in	O
management	O
so	O
popular	O
among	O
the	O
working	O
population	O
?	O


Liao	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jong	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
NTUST	B-ORG
College	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
,	O
relates	O
that	O
new	O
entrants	O
into	O
the	O
professional	O
ranks	O
concentrate	O
on	O
accumulating	O
professional	O
know	O
-	O
how	O
,	O
while	O
seasoned	O
middle	O
-	O
and	O
top	O
-	O
level	O
executives	O
seek	O
an	O
edge	O
in	O
management	O
.	O


And	O
while	O
most	O
recent	O
university	O
graduates	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
apply	O
professional	O
know	O
-	O
how	O
upon	O
entering	O
the	O
work	O
force	O
,	O
one	O
is	O
not	O
necessarily	O
taught	O
management	O
in	O
the	O
workplace	O
.	O


Hence	O
universities	O
are	O
the	O
place	O
for	O
systematic	O
instruction	O
on	O
management	O
.	O


"	O
Given	O
the	O
speed	O
at	O
which	O
the	O
business	O
environment	O
is	O
changing	O
,	O
many	O
new	O
concepts	O
were	O
not	O
previously	O
taught	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Se	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hwa	I-PERSON
,	O
dean	O
of	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchi	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
College	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
.	O


Wu	B-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
such	O
new	O
fields	O
as	O
venture	O
capital	O
,	O
technology	O
management	O
,	O
intellectual	O
property	O
,	O
and	O
e-commerce	O
are	O
all	O
recent	O
additions	O
to	O
the	O
curriculum	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Professor	O
Tang	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
je	I-PERSON
of	O
NTU	B-ORG
's	O
College	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
adds	O
:	O
"	O
With	O
small	O
,	O
medium	O
-	O
size	O
and	O
family	O
businesses	O
forming	O
the	O
backbone	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
industry	O
,	O
one	O
could	O
do	O
just	O
fine	O
without	O
professional	O
management	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
village	O
,	O
many	O
bosses	O
are	O
finding	O
that	O
relying	O
on	O
'	O
instinct	O
'	O
to	O
make	O
business	O
decisions	O
is	O
not	O
enough	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
need	O
systematic	O
management	O
concepts	O
.	O
"	O


Other	O
management	O
experts	O
note	O
that	O
once	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
joins	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
WTO	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
,	O
foreign	O
universities	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
recruit	O
students	O
directly	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
that	O
with	O
the	O
Ministry	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
asking	O
national	O
universities	O
to	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
portion	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
funding	O
,	O
universities	O
are	O
doubly	O
motivated	O
to	O
establish	O
programs	O
of	O
this	O
sort	O
.	O


NTU	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
enjoys	O
the	O
distinction	O
of	O
being	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
premier	O
institution	O
of	O
higher	O
education	O
,	O
"	O
never	O
lacks	O
for	O
students	O
,	O
because	O
there	O
are	O
always	O
people	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
attend	O
NTU	B-ORG
,	O
"	O
says	O
Tang	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
je	I-PERSON
.	O


More	O
than	O
a	O
diploma	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
accommodate	O
professionals	O
with	O
day	O
jobs	O
,	O
many	O
universities	O
have	O
scheduled	O
their	O
business	O
management	O
courses	O
during	O
evening	O
hours	O
.	O


The	O
sight	O
of	O
professionals	O
in	O
suits	O
and	O
ties	O
rushing	O
to	O
class	O
at	O
dusk	O
contrasts	O
greatly	O
from	O
the	O
typical	O
jeans	O
and	O
casual	O
attire	O
of	O
fresh	O
-	O
faced	O
undergrads	O
.	O


Shuttling	O
between	O
the	O
office	O
and	O
the	O
campus	O
,	O
do	O
they	O
ever	O
feel	O
like	O
they	O
're	O
burning	O
the	O
candle	O
at	O
both	O
ends	O
?	O


At	O
some	O
schools	O
,	O
even	O
professionals	O
boasting	O
Ph.D.	B-WORK_OF_ART
degrees	O
are	O
coming	O
back	O
to	O
school	O
for	O
Master	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
degrees	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Is	O
the	O
degree	O
really	O
that	O
important	O
to	O
them	O
?	O


Mouton	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
,	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
over	O
80	B-CARDINAL
employees	O
and	O
production	O
of	O
key	O
components	O
as	O
president	O
of	O
ABBA	B-ORG
Linear	I-ORG
Tech	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
a	O
second	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
student	O
in	O
the	O
NTUST	B-ORG
Graduate	B-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
.	O


Lee	B-PERSON
relates	O
that	O
as	O
a	O
youth	O
he	O
studied	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
forced	O
to	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
his	O
motivations	O
for	O
learning	O
are	O
far	O
greater	O
-	O
so	O
great	O
in	O
fact	O
that	O
he	O
registered	O
for	O
three	B-CARDINAL
classes	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
start	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
semester	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
decision	O
he	O
has	O
come	O
to	O
regret	O
for	O
lack	O
of	O
time	O
.	O


Lee	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
also	O
taken	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
management	O
courses	O
,	O
says	O
,	O
"	O
Degree	O
programs	O
are	O
better	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
pressure	O
makes	O
you	O
grow	O
.	O
"	O


Mouton	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
would	O
like	O
a	B-WORK_OF_ART
Master	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
degree	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
yet	O
today	B-DATE
he	O
studies	O
for	O
the	O
knowledge	O
it	O
brings	O
.	O


Ever	O
since	O
graduating	O
with	O
a	O
degree	O
in	O
mechanical	O
engineering	O
from	O
NTUST	B-ORG
and	O
setting	O
out	O
to	O
start	O
his	O
own	O
business	O
over	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
that	O
degree	O
has	O
sat	O
in	O
a	O
drawer	O
somewhere	O
,	O
relegated	O
to	O
mere	O
symbolic	O
significance	O
.	O


Hsieh	B-PERSON
Sun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chi	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Control	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Office	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Information	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
and	O
a	O
25	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
veteran	O
of	O
civil	O
service	O
,	O
relates	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
already	O
attained	O
the	O
highest	O
rank	O
a	O
general	O
civil	O
servant	O
can	O
achieve	O
,	O
yet	O
at	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
50	B-DATE
he	O
still	O
has	O
over	O
a	O
decade	O
until	O
retirement	O
.	O


Two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
this	O
led	O
him	O
to	O
consider	O
taking	O
a	O
new	O
direction	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
tested	O
into	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchi	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
College	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
intent	O
on	O
making	O
connections	O
with	O
movers	O
and	O
shakers	O
in	O
different	O
fields	O
.	O


Chang	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tsung	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
researcher	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Chung	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Shan	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
with	O
a	O
Ph.D.	B-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
mechanical	O
engineering	O
from	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
university	O
,	O
shuttles	O
between	O
his	O
office	O
in	O
Taoyuan	B-GPE
s	O
Lungtan	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
NTU	B-ORG
campus	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
each	O
week	O
.	O


Long	O
immersed	O
in	O
the	O
sciences	O
and	O
always	O
focusing	O
on	O
numbers	O
and	O
statistics	O
,	O
Chang	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
feels	O
like	O
he	O
"	O
has	O
gotten	O
into	O
a	O
mental	O
rut	O
.	O
"	O


Although	O
Hsinchu	B-GPE
's	O
National	B-ORG
Chiaotung	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
offers	O
a	O
similar	O
management	O
curriculum	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
concerned	O
that	O
the	O
students	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
science	O
park	O
types	O
with	O
similar	O
backgrounds	O
in	O
high	O
tech	O
fields	O
.	O


Thus	O
he	O
would	O
rather	O
spend	O
the	O
extra	O
time	O
commuting	O
to	O
NTU	B-ORG
to	O
be	O
around	O
students	O
with	O
experience	O
in	O
such	O
fields	O
as	O
advertising	O
,	O
finance	O
,	O
and	O
architecture	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
'd	O
be	O
lying	O
if	O
I	O
said	O
the	O
degree	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
,	O
why	O
not	O
just	O
get	O
into	O
a	O
non-degree	O
program	O
?	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
that	O
a	O
degree	O
in	O
management	O
does	O
nothing	O
to	O
help	O
me	O
in	O
my	O
current	O
job	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
gives	O
me	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
skill	O
if	O
I	O
choose	O
another	O
route	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O
"	O


Advanced	O
training	O
for	O
professionals	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
hot	O
topic	O
among	O
executives	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
continuing	O
education	O
is	O
nothing	O
new	O
among	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
universities	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchi	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Public	B-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
has	O
offered	O
graduate	O
extension	O
courses	O
for	O
executives	O
for	O
over	O
a	O
decade	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
difference	O
being	O
that	O
,	O
upon	O
completion	O
of	O
the	O
curriculum	O
students	O
only	O
receive	O
a	O
certificate	O
of	O
course	O
credit	O
.	O


In	O
comparison	O
,	O
a	B-WORK_OF_ART
Master	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
degree	I-WORK_OF_ART
is	O
far	O
more	O
appealing	O
,	O
given	O
that	O
a	O
degree	O
is	O
awarded	O
upon	O
completion	O
of	O
studies	O
.	O


Burning	O
the	O
proverbial	O
candle	O


Motivated	O
by	O
the	O
degree	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
the	O
enthusiasm	O
of	O
these	O
professionals	O
for	O
their	O
studies	O
is	O
impressive	O
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
pay	O
a	O
hefty	O
price	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
study	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
working	O
during	O
the	O
day	O
and	O
attending	O
classes	O
at	O
night	O
is	O
often	O
a	O
war	O
of	O
energy	O
and	O
will	O
.	O


Next	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
shuffle	O
their	O
work	O
schedules	O
to	O
accommodate	O
their	O
studies	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
them	O
have	O
to	O
reschedule	O
business	O
trips	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
some	O
become	O
highway	O
speeders	O
,	O
rushing	O
from	O
Taoyuan	B-GPE
or	O
Hsinchu	B-GPE
to	O
attend	O
class	O
.	O


And	O
female	O
managers	O
,	O
ordinarily	O
responsible	O
for	O
household	O
chores	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
really	O
burn	O
the	O
proverbial	O
candle	O
at	O
both	O
ends	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
have	O
my	O
time	O
perfectly	O
allotted	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Morna	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
regional	O
business	O
manager	O
for	O
Kellogg	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
.	O


She	O
divides	O
her	O
schedule	O
into	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
cycles	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
one	B-CARDINAL
class	O
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
afternoons	O
,	O
her	O
company	O
does	O
its	O
best	O
to	O
accommodate	O
her	O
by	O
not	O
holding	O
meetings	O
that	O
involve	O
her	O
on	O
that	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Still	O
,	O
sometimes	O
nothing	O
can	O
be	O
done	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
time	O
that	O
she	O
had	O
a	O
meeting	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
early	B-TIME
one	I-TIME
Friday	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
forcing	O
her	O
to	O
miss	O
class	O
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
while	O
she	O
flew	O
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


She	O
had	O
to	O
fly	O
quickly	O
back	O
to	O
Taipei	B-GPE
to	O
make	O
class	O
on	O
Saturday	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
.	O


Despite	O
often	O
staying	O
up	O
until	O
2:00	B-TIME
or	I-TIME
3:00	I-TIME
AM	I-TIME
to	O
study	O
or	O
write	O
reports	O
,	O
Lee	B-PERSON
likes	O
mingling	O
in	O
the	O
executive	O
management	O
class	O
with	O
a	O
diverse	O
group	O
of	O
students	O
from	O
different	O
fields	O
,	O
and	O
feels	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
ideas	O
the	O
professors	O
feed	O
them	O
help	O
keep	O
her	O
brain	O
supple	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
she	O
muses	O
,	O
"	O
We	O
managers	O
are	O
a	O
strange	O
breed	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
exhaust	O
ourselves	O
,	O
we	O
end	O
up	O
sick	O
.	O
"	O


Female	O
professionals	O
like	O
Morna	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
represent	O
a	O
minority	O
among	O
executive	O
degree	O
students	O
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
just	O
about	B-PERCENT
five	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
.	O


"	O
If	O
you	O
asked	O
me	O
whether	O
work	O
or	O
family	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
say	O
that	O
since	O
entering	O
society	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
work	O
has	O
always	O
come	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
"	O
states	O
Donna	B-PERSON
Sun	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Resource	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
at	O
Schmidt	B-ORG
Scientific	I-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
.	O


Even	O
if	O
she	O
has	O
no	O
classes	O
to	O
attend	O
,	O
leaving	O
the	O
office	O
at	O
8:00	B-TIME
PM	I-TIME
is	O
no	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
perspective	O
of	O
her	O
family	O
life	O
than	O
the	O
extra	O
hour	O
she	O
spends	O
attending	O
classes	O
until	O
9:00	B-TIME
PM	I-TIME
.	O


She	O
is	O
thankful	O
that	O
her	O
son	O
,	O
a	O
university	O
student	O
,	O
and	O
her	O
daughter	O
,	O
a	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
junior	O
high	O
school	O
student	O
,	O
have	O
always	O
been	O
very	O
independent	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
reliant	O
.	O


Hiring	O
someone	O
to	O
help	O
with	O
housework	O
,	O
Lee	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
the	O
children	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
studying	O
,	O
even	O
taking	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
library	O
on	O
breaks	O
to	O
conduct	O
research	O
.	O


No	O
magic	O
bullet	O


Compared	O
to	O
young	O
students	O
focused	O
on	O
getting	O
a	O
degree	O
,	O
the	O
motivations	O
of	O
professionals	O
studying	O
for	O
advanced	O
degrees	O
"	O
are	O
not	O
that	O
simple	O
.	O
"	O


They	O
might	O
be	O
after	O
new	O
knowledge	O
,	O
keen	O
to	O
sport	O
a	O
fancy	O
degree	O
from	O
a	O
graduate	O
school	O
like	O
NTU	B-ORG
or	O
Chengchi	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
out	O
to	O
network	O
with	O
others	O
,	O
or	O
looking	O
out	O
for	O
the	O
survival	O
of	O
business	O
and	O
to	O
raise	O
competitiveness	O
by	O
searching	O
for	O
answers	O
to	O
difficult	O
work	O
or	O
business	O
issues	O
.	O


"	O
Looking	O
for	O
quick	O
answers	O
from	O
professors	O
is	O
a	O
misguided	O
concept	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Tang	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
je	I-PERSON
,	O
professor	O
of	O
strategic	O
management	O
at	O
NTU	B-ORG
's	O
Department	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
.	O


Before	O
commencing	O
a	O
course	O
,	O
Tang	B-PERSON
tells	O
his	O
students	O
,	O
"	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
consulting	O
business	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
no	O
magic	O
bullets	O
,	O
for	O
if	O
I	O
had	O
any	O
I	O
'd	O
have	O
gotten	O
rich	O
long	O
ago	O
.	O
"	O


Wu	B-PERSON
Se	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hwa	I-PERSON
,	O
dean	O
of	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchi	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
College	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
,	O
relates	O
,	O
"	O
Academic	O
institutions	O
provide	O
systematic	O
thinking	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
answers	O
to	O
specific	O
questions	O
.	O
"	O


Wu	B-PERSON
tells	O
his	O
students	O
that	O
if	O
they	O
put	O
other	O
things	O
aside	O
and	O
concentrate	O
on	O
their	O
studies	O
for	O
three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
maybe	O
they	O
'll	O
find	O
the	O
answer	O
themselves	O
.	O


Wu	B-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
adult	O
students	O
bring	O
rich	O
practical	O
experience	O
to	O
the	O
table	O
,	O
and	O
lack	O
only	O
the	O
knowledge	O
to	O
combine	O
and	O
integrate	O
scattered	O
experience	O
.	O


For	O
them	O
,	O
returning	O
to	O
school	O
is	O
valuable	O
for	O
establishing	O
their	O
own	O
modes	O
of	O
thinking	O
with	O
the	O
knowledge	O
they	O
pick	O
up	O
.	O


Unlike	O
the	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
where	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
capital	O
was	O
the	O
greatest	O
factor	O
determining	O
success	O
,	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Se	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hwa	I-PERSON
believes	O
that	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
will	O
be	O
about	O
"	O
knowledge	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
competitive	O
force	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
book	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
500	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
year	I-WORK_OF_ART
Delta	I-WORK_OF_ART
notes	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1960s	I-DATE
each	O
executive	O
might	O
only	O
have	O
to	O
learn	O
one	B-CARDINAL
new	O
skill	O
each	O
year	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
how	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
computer	O
or	O
send	O
e-mail	O
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
,	O
accumulation	O
of	O
know	O
-	O
how	O
accelerated	O
many	O
times	O
over	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
executives	O
needed	O
to	O
learn	O
something	O
new	O
each	O
day	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
each	O
manager	O
might	O
have	O
to	O
learn	O
something	O
new	O
every	B-TIME
single	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
working	I-TIME
day	I-TIME
.	O


Curriculums	O
need	O
selling	O
points	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
satisfy	O
students	O
with	O
diverse	O
expectations	O
and	O
needs	O
for	O
basic	O
knowledge	O
,	O
what	O
innovative	O
means	O
must	O
a	O
professor	O
resort	O
to	O
?	O


And	O
what	O
challenges	O
does	O
this	O
pose	O
for	O
the	O
institution	O
itself	O
?	O


People	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
fall	O
asleep	O
no	O
matter	O
what	O
,	O
so	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
think	O
on	O
your	O
feet	O
and	O
use	O
different	O
techniques	O
to	O
stimulate	O
their	O
attention	O
,	O
"	O
remarks	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Gia	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
khy	I-PERSON
Tang	I-PERSON
,	O
professor	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Risk	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
at	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchi	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


Students	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
classroom	O
for	O
well	B-DATE
over	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
can	O
not	O
be	O
expected	O
to	O
remember	O
all	O
the	O
formulas	O
they	O
learned	O
in	O
statistics	O
and	O
economics	O
classes	O
way	O
back	O
when	O
.	O


Nor	O
should	O
classes	O
turn	O
into	O
solo	O
performances	O
by	O
the	O
professor	O
.	O


Professor	O
Tang	B-PERSON
's	O
approach	O
is	O
to	O
lecture	O
on	O
theory	O
for	O
the	B-TIME
first	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
,	O
then	O
use	O
the	O
remaining	O
time	O
on	O
the	O
homework	O
that	O
each	O
group	O
worked	O
on	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Tang	B-PERSON
's	O
own	O
"	O
Three	B-CARDINAL
No's	O
"	O
policy	O
guides	O
his	O
teaching	O
approach	O
:	O
No	O
midterms	O
,	O
no	O
final	O
exams	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
calling	O
on	O
students	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
grades	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
homework	O
results	O
and	O
class	O
participation	O
.	O


Tang	B-PERSON
's	O
risk	O
management	O
class	O
is	O
discussing	O
how	O
to	O
identify	O
risks	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
questions	O
is	O
:	O
"	O
If	O
there	O
were	O
a	O
fairy	O
who	O
could	O
spell	O
out	O
for	O
you	O
exactly	O
what	O
you	O
would	O
experience	O
for	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
your	O
life	O
,	O
consider	O
what	O
advantages	O
and	O
disadvantages	O
the	O
following	O
information	O
might	O
have	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
no	O
matter	O
how	O
hard	O
you	O
work	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
still	O
fated	O
to	O
be	O
poor	O
all	O
your	O
life	O
.	O


Or	O
what	O
if	O
you	O
were	O
fated	O
to	O
have	O
everything	O
go	O
your	O
way	O
?	O


What	O
if	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
elected	O
to	O
the	O
legislature	O
,	O
or	O
become	O
the	O
president	O
?	O
"	O


Tom	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
,	O
associate	O
professor	O
of	O
marketing	O
at	O
NTUST	B-PERSON
,	O
describes	O
the	O
main	O
difference	O
between	O
teaching	O
adult	O
executives	O
and	O
regular	O
students	O
:	O


"	O
Executives	O
are	O
always	O
asking	O
questions	O
.	O


Even	O
when	O
they	O
have	O
an	O
idea	O
themselves	O
,	O
they	O
'll	O
still	O
bring	O
up	O
issues	O
they	O
encountered	O
in	O
their	O
jobs	O
to	O
see	O
how	O
you	O
respond	O
.	O
"	O


Often	O
,	O
says	O
Lin	B-PERSON
,	O
such	O
questions	O
leave	O
him	O
stumped	O
.	O


Another	O
issue	O
for	O
adult	O
students	O
always	O
on	O
the	O
run	O
is	O
their	O
unfamiliarity	O
with	O
the	O
campus	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
enhance	O
their	O
sense	O
of	O
identification	O
with	O
the	O
school	O
,	O
NTUST	B-ORG
designed	O
an	O
overseas	O
business	O
camp	O
program	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
professor	O
made	O
a	O
big	O
hit	O
with	O
over	O
30	B-CARDINAL
students	O
,	O
taking	O
them	O
to	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
for	O
over	O
ten	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
to	O
familiarize	O
them	O
with	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
there	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
trips	O
are	O
planned	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
Silicon	B-LOC
Valley	I-LOC
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Planting	O
in	O
fertile	O
soil	O


Judging	O
from	O
the	O
manner	O
in	O
which	O
universities	O
are	O
opening	O
their	O
doors	O
for	O
continuing	O
education	O
,	O
non-degree	O
programs	O
,	O
and	O
professional	O
training	O
,	O
higher	O
education	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
appears	O
to	O
be	O
undergoing	O
a	O
sort	O
of	O
makeover	O
.	O


With	O
these	O
changes	O
,	O
universities	O
must	O
not	O
only	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
teaching	O
and	O
research	O
,	O
but	O
must	O
also	O
make	O
sure	O
they	O
play	O
their	O
third	B-ORDINAL
function	O
properly	O
-	O
spreading	O
knowledge	O
and	O
sharing	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
public	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
detractors	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
university	O
graduate	O
programs	O
for	O
business	O
executives	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
elitist	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
student	O
attending	O
a	O
non-degree	O
program	O
at	O
NTUST	B-ORG
relates	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
not	O
enough	O
spots	O
to	O
go	O
around	O
in	O
the	O
executive	O
degree	O
programs	O
.	O


Hoping	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
switch	O
from	O
the	O
non-degree	O
program	O
,	O
he	O
failed	O
to	O
pass	O
the	O
screening	O
that	O
is	O
administered	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
admissions	O
test	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
you	O
fail	O
a	O
test	O
,	O
you	O
only	O
have	O
yourself	O
to	O
blame	O
,	O
but	O
tripping	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
initial	O
screening	O
is	O
just	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
not	O
having	O
a	O
high	O
enough	O
job	O
title	O
.	O
"	O


Each	O
year	O
when	O
EMBA	B-WORK_OF_ART
program	O
acceptances	O
are	O
released	O
,	O
newspapers	O
carry	O
letters	O
from	O
readers	O
relating	O
how	O
certain	O
national	O
university	O
graduate	O
schools	O
compete	O
to	O
accept	O
CEOs	O
and	O
presidents	O
of	O
listed	O
corporations	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
children	O
of	O
rich	O
business	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
NTUST	B-ORG
student	O
expresses	O
cynicism	O
toward	O
the	O
application	O
and	O
review	O
process	O
,	O
suspecting	O
that	O
"	O
they	O
just	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
company	O
name	O
and	O
job	O
title	O
.	O
"	O


Moreover	O
,	O
continuing	O
education	O
courses	O
charge	O
hefty	O
tuition	O
fees	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
NTU	B-ORG
divides	O
the	O
school	O
year	O
into	O
three	B-CARDINAL
semesters	O
,	O
at	O
NT$	O
50,000	B-MONEY
per	O
semester	O
,	O
while	O
other	O
institutions	O
charge	O
between	O
NT$	O
3700	B-MONEY
and	O
$	O
10,000	B-MONEY
per	O
credit	O
,	O
a	O
full	O
two	B-CARDINAL
to	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
more	O
than	O
regular	O
graduate	O
student	O
tuition	O
.	O


Such	O
instances	O
naturally	O
lead	O
to	O
suspicion	O
that	O
graduate	O
schools	O
such	O
as	O
these	O
are	O
"	O
out	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
killing	O
"	O
by	O
catering	O
only	O
to	O
an	O
elite	O
few	O
.	O


"	O
From	O
review	O
,	O
to	O
written	O
test	O
,	O
to	O
oral	O
exam	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
ensure	O
fairness	O
,	O
no	O
professor	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
portion	O
of	O
the	O
process	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Huang	B-PERSON
Chung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsing	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
EMBA	B-WORK_OF_ART
program	O
at	O
NTU	B-ORG
.	O


Still	O
,	O
Huang	B-PERSON
admits	O
that	O
the	O
bigger	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
higher	O
the	O
candidate	O
's	O
job	O
title	O
,	O
the	O
greater	O
their	O
chances	O
of	O
acceptance	O
into	O
the	O
program	O
.	O


This	O
can	O
be	O
partially	O
attributed	O
to	O
the	O
belief	O
among	O
professors	O
that	O
the	O
commitment	O
of	O
their	O
educational	O
resources	O
yields	O
"	O
more	O
bang	O
for	O
the	O
buck	O
.	O
"	O


As	O
Tang	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
je	I-PERSON
forthrightly	O
explains	O
,	O
university	O
professors	O
'	O
time	O
is	O
a	O
national	O
resource	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
they	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
positive	O
impact	O
on	O
an	O
executive	O
controlling	O
budgets	O
of	O
billions	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
NT	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
their	O
contribution	O
to	O
country	O
and	O
society	O
is	O
considerable	O
.	O


Asks	O
Liao	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jong	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
NTUST	B-ORG
Graduate	B-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
,	O
concurs	O
,	O
"	O
Which	O
is	O
greater	O
,	O
the	O
marginal	O
benefit	O
of	O
a	O
company	O
president	O
or	O
a	O
staff	O
member	O
's	O
education	O
?	O


The	O
president	O
can	O
go	O
back	O
and	O
put	O
what	O
she	O
learns	O
into	O
practice	O
right	O
away	O
.	O
"	O


What	O
is	O
more	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
schools	O
do	O
not	O
deliberately	O
seek	O
out	O
company	O
presidents	O
,	O
they	O
invariably	O
perform	O
better	O
on	O
oral	O
exams	O
-	O
perhaps	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
greater	O
experience	O
.	O


"	O
We	O
must	O
ask	O
ourselves	O
some	O
questions	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
when	O
EMBAs	B-WORK_OF_ART
are	O
thought	O
of	O
as	O
giving	O
away	O
degrees	O
to	O
the	O
privileged	O
few	O
,	O
"	O
comments	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Se	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hwa	I-PERSON
.	O


Wu	B-PERSON
tells	O
his	O
professors	O
that	O
unless	O
they	O
perform	O
well	O
in	O
class	O
,	O
the	O
EMBA	B-WORK_OF_ART
can	O
not	O
develop	O
further	O
,	O
as	O
universities	O
are	O
founded	O
upon	O
academic	O
research	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
tuition	O
policies	O
,	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Se	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hwa	I-PERSON
relates	O
that	O
with	O
an	O
annual	O
budget	O
of	O
NT$	B-MONEY
2.1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchi	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
spends	O
about	O
NT$	O
200,000	B-MONEY
per	O
student	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
down	O
to	O
calculating	O
costs	O
,	O
NT$	B-MONEY
10,000	I-MONEY
per	O
credit	O
is	O
actually	O
quite	O
cheap	O
.	O


Industry	O
retooling	O


The	O
EMBA	B-WORK_OF_ART
craze	O
reflects	O
the	O
cold	O
,	O
intense	O
competition	O
of	O
social	O
Darwinism	B-NORP
,	O
but	O
does	O
it	O
also	O
signify	O
that	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
industry	O
is	O
beginning	O
to	O
devote	O
greater	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
training	O
of	O
top	O
executives	O
?	O


Many	O
scholars	O
believe	O
that	O
with	O
the	O
EMBA	B-WORK_OF_ART
phenomenon	O
just	O
getting	O
off	O
its	O
feet	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
many	O
corporate	O
bosses	O
are	O
taking	O
a	O
"	O
wait	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
see	O
"	O
attitude	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
reflected	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
students	O
approach	O
the	O
programs	O
,	O
not	O
informing	O
their	O
bosses	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
applied	O
to	O
a	O
program	O
until	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
accepted	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
occupying	O
work	O
time	O
if	O
school	O
takes	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
evening	O
.	O


This	O
way	O
,	O
their	O
boss	O
's	O
attitude	O
has	O
no	O
particular	O
bearing	O
on	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
business	O
education	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
widespread	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
at	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
yet	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
company	O
bosses	O
have	O
taken	O
the	O
lead	O
themselves	O
-	O
taking	O
advanced	O
courses	O
and	O
setting	O
an	O
example	O
for	O
management	O
personnel	O
.	O


Ma	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
shan	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
Kingdom	B-ORG
Construction	I-ORG
and	O
64	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
tested	O
into	O
NTU	B-ORG
's	O
College	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
in	O
1998	B-DATE
,	O
becoming	O
NTU	B-ORG
's	O
oldest	O
student	O
.	O


For	O
Ma	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
living	O
and	O
learning	O
"	O
is	O
more	O
than	O
just	O
a	O
maxim	O
,	O
as	O
each	O
year	O
Kingdom	B-ORG
Construction	I-ORG
employees	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
undergo	O
80	B-DATE
hours	I-DATE
of	O
on	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
job	O
training	O
.	O


"	O
For	O
the	O
boss	O
to	O
lead	O
his	O
team	O
,	O
he	O
ca	O
n't	O
just	O
tell	O
his	O
subordinates	O
to	O
learn	O
,	O
while	O
he	O
remains	O
static	O
himself	O
.	O


Not	O
to	O
mention	O
that	O
in	O
discussions	O
with	O
employees	O
,	O
if	O
they	O
know	O
you	O
're	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
boss	O
who	O
does	O
n't	O
seek	O
to	O
further	O
himself	O
,	O
they	O
put	O
less	O
stock	O
in	O
what	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
"	O
notes	O
Ma	B-PERSON
.	O


With	O
the	O
rapid	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
business	O
environment	O
,	O
poor	O
decision	O
-	O
making	O
can	O
have	O
serious	O
consequences	O
for	O
company	O
development	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
pressure	O
on	O
the	O
boss	O
is	O
tremendous	O
,	O
because	O
nobody	O
comes	O
to	O
the	O
CEO	O
with	O
easy	O
questions	O
.	O
"	O


Too	O
busy	O
to	O
attend	O
regular	O
courses	O
,	O
Ma	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
shan	I-PERSON
took	O
the	O
advice	O
of	O
an	O
NTU	B-ORG
professor	O
and	O
hired	O
a	O
Ph.D.	B-WORK_OF_ART
student	O
to	O
tutor	O
him	O
one	O
semester	O
in	O
"	O
management	O
economics	O
.	O
"	O


Amber	B-PERSON
Huang	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Changhua	B-GPE
's	O
Feng	B-ORG
Huei	I-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Iron	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
a	O
student	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
at	O
NTUST	B-ORG
.	O


Huang	B-PERSON
notes	O
three	B-CARDINAL
advantages	O
of	O
the	O
boss	O
going	O
to	O
school	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
it	O
's	O
good	O
for	O
his	O
company	O
's	O
image	O
.	O


As	O
his	O
company	O
must	O
frequently	O
seek	O
bank	O
loans	O
,	O
Huang	B-PERSON
asks	O
rhetorically	O
,	O
"	O
Could	O
a	O
studious	O
boss	O
be	O
a	O
bad	O
guy	O
?	O
"	O


This	O
image	O
has	O
helped	O
him	O
secure	O
loans	O
with	O
little	O
difficulty	O
every	O
time	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
it	O
sets	O
a	O
good	O
example	O
for	O
employees	O
.	O


Lastly	O
,	O
speaking	O
the	O
professional	O
lingo	O
fluently	O
helps	O
enhance	O
his	O
authority	O
.	O


Knowledge	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
new	I-DATE
century	I-DATE


In	O
the	O
effort	O
to	O
cultivate	O
management	O
talent	O
,	O
many	O
prominent	O
multinational	O
corporations	O
have	O
founded	O
their	O
own	O
teaching	O
institutions	O
,	O
Toyota	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
and	O
Intel	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
being	O
two	B-CARDINAL
good	O
examples	O
.	O


In	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Acer	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Aspire	B-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
opened	O
its	O
doors	O
in	O
Lungtan	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
Taoyuan	B-GPE
Country	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
last	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
after	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
planning	I-DATE
.	O


During	O
the	O
Aspire	B-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
opening	O
ceremony	O
,	O
academy	O
president	O
Stan	B-PERSON
Shih	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Acer	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
remarked	O
that	O
he	O
hopes	O
to	O
introduce	O
management	O
models	O
from	O
Europe	B-LOC
and	O
America	B-GPE
and	O
mesh	O
them	O
with	O
the	O
unique	O
attributes	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
industry	O
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
globalization	O
of	O
Asian	B-NORP
business	O
.	O


Shih	B-PERSON
noted	O
that	O
through	O
the	O
sharing	O
of	O
experiences	O
,	O
emerging	O
businesses	O
might	O
save	O
themselves	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
groping	O
in	O
the	O
dark	O
.	O


Are	O
people	O
at	O
the	O
fin	O
de	O
siecle	O
inspired	O
to	O
learn	O
by	O
the	O
confluence	O
of	O
technology	O
,	O
humanities	O
,	O
and	O
economic	O
knowledge	O
?	O


At	O
least	O
the	O
entrepreneurs	O
,	O
managers	O
,	O
and	O
executives	O
in	O
campuses	O
around	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
clearly	O
recognize	O
that	O
learning	O
is	O
a	O
necessity	O
for	O
survival	O
and	O
an	O
engine	O
of	O
growth	O
.	O


Home	O
Is	O
Where	O
the	O
Heart	O
Is	O
Community	O
Activism	O
in	O
a	O
Small	O
Hakka	B-NORP
Town	O


-LRB-	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Chiung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fang	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
David	B-PERSON
Mayer	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
earthquake	O
may	O
have	O
de-stroyed	O
families	O
and	O
toppled	O
homes	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
also	O
brought	O
people	O
closer	O
together	O
and	O
created	O
new	O
links	O
between	O
local	O
communities	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
especially	O
been	O
the	O
case	O
with	O
Peipu	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
Hsinchu	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
and	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
Taichung	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
.	O


These	O
two	B-CARDINAL
rural	O
towns	O
are	O
alike	O
in	O
many	O
ways	O
.	O


Each	O
is	O
predominantly	O
Hakka	B-NORP
,	O
each	O
is	O
located	O
in	O
north	O
-	O
central	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
each	O
has	O
about	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
inhabitants	O
.	O


Since	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
however	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
one	O
huge	O
difference	O
-	O


the	O
earthquake	O
decimated	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
but	O
left	O
Peipu	B-GPE
virtually	O
unscathed	O
.	O


The	O
earthquake	O
killed	O
more	O
people	O
in	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
than	O
any	O
other	O
township	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
remains	O
largely	O
in	O
ruins	O
a	B-DATE
half	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
.	O


Peipu	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
enjoys	O
a	O
booming	O
tourist	O
industry	O
that	O
just	O
keeps	O
growing	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
earthquake	O
,	O
Peipu	B-GPE
's	O
Ta	B-ORG
Ai	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
TCAC	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
has	O
lent	O
sustained	O
assistance	O
to	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
in	O
a	O
remarkable	O
display	O
of	O
how	O
a	O
disaster	O
can	O
bring	O
out	O
the	O
best	O
in	O
people	O
.	O


"	O
Donations	O
and	O
volunteers	O
came	O
flooding	O
in	O
immediately	O
after	O
the	O
earthquake	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
mayor	O
Hsieh	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ying	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
but	O
we	O
all	O
knew	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
n't	O
last	O
for	O
long	O
.	O


The	O
task	O
of	O
rebuilding	O
is	O
the	O
hard	O
part	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
city	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
"	O
adopted	O
"	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
after	O
the	O
earthquake	O
,	O
assigning	O
personnel	O
from	O
its	O
various	O
ward	O
offices	O
to	O
stay	O
on	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
in	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
and	O
assist	O
with	O
earthquake	O
recovery	O
.	O


Mighty	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
joined	O
in	O
this	O
task	O
by	O
Peipu	B-GPE
's	O
TCAC	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
among	O
the	O
few	O
organizations	O
that	O
have	O
provided	O
continuous	O
assistance	O
ever	O
since	O
the	O
quake	O
.	O


Peipu	B-GPE
lends	O
a	O
helping	O
hand	O


Says	O
Shu	B-PERSON
Shih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
TCAC	B-ORG
,	O
"	O
There	O
is	O
just	O
so	O
much	O
to	O
do	O
after	O
a	O
disaster	O
of	O
this	O
magnitude	O
.	O


TCAC	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
have	O
only	O
got	O
so	O
many	O
resources	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
the	O
little	O
community	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
,	O
TCAC	B-ORG
managed	O
to	O
collect	O
three	B-CARDINAL
truckloads	O
of	O
relief	O
supplies	O
and	O
over	O
NT$	O
400,000	B-MONEY
after	O
the	O
earthquake	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
put	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
best	O
possible	O
use	O
,	O
they	O
toured	O
the	O
disaster	O
area	O
several	O
times	O
and	O
decided	O
to	O
devote	O
all	O
their	O
energies	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
recovery	O
effort	O
in	O
the	O
township	O
of	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
in	O
Taichung	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
towns	O
are	O
not	O
so	O
far	O
apart	O
-	O
about	B-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
by	O
car	O
.	O


Besides	O
their	O
common	O
ethnicity	O
,	O
the	O
seriousness	O
of	O
the	O
damage	O
in	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
was	O
a	O
major	O
reason	O
why	O
TCAC	B-ORG
chose	O
to	O
concentrate	O
on	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
.	O


Shihkang	B-GPE
is	O
located	O
on	O
the	O
banks	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Tachia	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
,	O
and	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
areas	O
most	O
heavily	O
hit	O
by	O
the	O
quake	O
,	O
with	O
178	B-CARDINAL
deaths	O
,	O
over	O
1,200	B-CARDINAL
buildings	O
totally	O
destroyed	O
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
500	I-CARDINAL
homes	O
partially	O
destroyed	O
,	O
and	O
dozens	B-DATE
of	O
historic	O
old	O
structures	O
demolished	O
.	O


TCAC	B-ORG
had	O
already	O
been	O
active	O
in	O
community	O
development	O
efforts	O
in	O
Peipu	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
its	O
members	O
knew	O
from	O
this	O
experience	O
that	O
rebuilding	O
from	O
the	O
earthquake	O
would	O
take	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
set	O
up	O
Shihkang	B-ORG
Work	I-ORG
Station	I-ORG
at	O
Tuniu	B-FAC
Elementary	I-FAC
School	I-FAC
in	O
late	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
and	O
made	O
plans	O
to	O
stay	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Shihkang	B-ORG
Newsletter	I-ORG


The	O
main	O
task	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Work	I-ORG
Station	I-ORG
is	O
to	O
publish	O
the	O
fortnightly	O
Shihkang	B-ORG
Newsletter	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
edition	O
of	O
this	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
page	O
newsletter	O
went	O
out	O
last	B-DATE
November	I-DATE
8th	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
reports	O
on	O
everyday	O
life	O
in	O
the	O
disaster	O
area	O
and	O
matters	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
recovery	O
effort	O
.	O


TCAC	B-ORG
's	O
Li	B-PERSON
Chieh	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ying	I-PERSON
has	O
been	O
working	O
full	O
-	O
time	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Shihkang	I-ORG
Work	I-ORG
Station	I-ORG
since	O
November	B-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
Li	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
newsletter	O
is	O
extremely	O
important	O
to	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
disaster	O
area	O
for	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
reasons	O
.	O


Firstly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
it	O
enables	O
people	O
to	O
share	O
information	O
.	O


People	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
alone	O
in	O
their	O
suffering	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
must	O
address	O
their	O
situation	O
from	O
a	O
collective	O
standpoint	O
instead	O
of	O
chasing	O
after	O
individual	O
problems	O
one	B-CARDINAL
at	O
a	O
time	O
.	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
disaster	O
area	O
need	O
information	O
from	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
that	O
the	O
news	O
media	O
have	O
shifted	O
their	O
attention	O
to	O
other	O
matters	O
,	O
the	O
local	O
people	O
need	O
an	O
avenue	O
by	O
which	O
to	O
get	O
their	O
message	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
newsletter	O
is	O
just	O
the	O
thing	O
to	O
accomplish	O
these	O
objectives	O
.	O


This	O
newsletter	O
has	O
also	O
helped	O
to	O
spur	O
increased	O
contact	O
between	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
and	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
.	O


According	O
to	O
Li	B-PERSON
Chieh	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ying	I-PERSON
,	O
they	O
distribute	O
3,000	B-CARDINAL
copies	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Shihkang	I-ORG
Newsletter	I-ORG
in	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
,	O
500	B-CARDINAL
in	O
Tungshih	B-GPE
and	O
Shinshe	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
1,000	B-CARDINAL
in	O
Peipu	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
enables	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
to	O
truly	O
get	O
a	O
feel	O
for	O
what	O
is	O
needed	O
in	O
the	O
disaster	O
area	O
.	O


By	O
sending	O
a	O
person	O
to	O
serve	O
full	O
-	O
time	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Shihkang	I-ORG
Work	I-ORG
Station	I-ORG
,	O
TCAC	B-ORG
has	O
managed	O
to	O
quickly	O
integrate	O
itself	O
into	O
the	O
local	O
community	O
in	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
to	O
see	O
where	O
assistance	O
is	O
most	O
urgently	O
needed	O
.	O


The	O
children	O
of	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
are	O
in	O
especially	O
great	O
need	O
of	O
psychological	O
counseling	O
,	O
so	O
TCAC	B-ORG
asked	O
the	B-ORG
Hsiuh	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
li	I-ORG
Liuh	I-ORG
Memorial	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
to	O
provide	O
therapy	O
for	O
children	O
and	O
teachers	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Shihkang	I-ORG
Work	I-ORG
Station	I-ORG
is	O
also	O
helping	O
to	O
build	O
prefab	O
shelters	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Far	I-ORG
Eastern	I-ORG
group	I-ORG
only	O
donated	O
50	B-CARDINAL
prefab	O
units	O
,	O
and	O
people	O
in	O
less	O
than	O
privileged	O
situations	O
-LRB-	O
such	O
as	O
renters	O
and	O
those	O
living	O
in	O
illegally	O
constructed	O
residences	O
-RRB-	O
were	O
not	O
even	O
eligible	O
to	O
apply	O
for	O
them	O
,	O
so	O
TCAC	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
working	O
hard	O
to	O
put	O
up	O
prefab	O
units	O
for	O
the	O
residents	O
of	O
Tzu	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
yun	I-FAC
Lane	I-FAC
.	O


Several	O
old	O
residences	O
collapsed	O
there	O
,	O
causing	O
numerous	O
deaths	O
and	O
injuries	O
.	O


The	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
prefab	O
units	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
race	O
against	O
time	O
,	O
for	O
as	O
Shu	B-PERSON
Shih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
points	O
out	O
,	O
some	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
disaster	O
area	O
have	O
died	O
of	O
cold	O
over	O
the	O
winter	O
.	O


To	O
survive	O
the	O
great	O
earthquake	O
only	O
to	O
die	O
because	O
of	O
an	O
inadequate	O
relief	O
effort	O
seems	O
the	O
height	O
of	O
injustice	O
.	O


A	O
non-Hakka	B-NORP
in	O
Peipu	B-GPE


How	O
has	O
TCAC	B-ORG
managed	O
to	O
deliver	O
such	O
steady	O
assistance	O
to	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
disaster	O
area	O
?	O


What	O
do	O
they	O
have	O
that	O
sets	O
them	O
apart	O
?	O


It	O
all	O
has	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
their	O
experience	O
with	O
community	O
activism	O
in	O
Peipu	B-GPE
.	O


You	O
wo	O
n't	O
find	O
the	O
name	O
Ta	B-GPE
Ai	I-GPE
on	O
a	O
map	O
of	O
Hsinchu	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
for	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
administrative	O
division	O
not	O
of	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
government	O
,	O
but	O
of	O
the	O
famous	O
Yimin	B-FAC
Temple	I-FAC
of	O
northern	O
Hsinchu	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Ta	B-GPE
Ai	I-GPE
area	O
encompasses	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
townships	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
,	O
Paoshan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Omei	B-GPE
.	O


Yimin	B-FAC
Temple	I-FAC
commands	O
the	O
allegiance	O
of	O
Hakka	B-NORP
faithful	O
in	O
15	B-CARDINAL
different	O
temple	O
districts	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
the	O
Ta	B-GPE
Ai	I-GPE
district	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Peipu	B-GPE
Township	I-GPE
lies	O
immediately	O
southwest	O
of	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Chutung	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
is	O
surrounded	O
by	O
mountains	O
.	O


Over	O
95	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
roughly	O
12,000	B-CARDINAL
residents	O
are	O
Hakka	B-NORP
.	O


Located	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
is	O
Tzu	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
tien	I-FAC
Temple	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
town	O
's	O
main	O
landmark	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
bustling	O
streets	O
that	O
run	O
past	O
the	O
temple	O
offer	O
the	O
best	O
shopping	O
and	O
eating	O
in	O
town	O
.	O


TCAC	B-ORG
operates	O
out	O
of	O
an	O
office	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
town	O
.	O


The	O
traditional	O
architecture	O
of	O
the	O
building	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
pleasant	O
sight	O
.	O


Shu	B-PERSON
Shih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
key	O
mover	O
and	O
shaker	O
at	O
TCAC	B-ORG
,	O
was	O
born	O
to	O
parents	O
from	O
the	O
mainland	O
and	O
grew	O
up	O
in	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
.	O


Formerly	O
a	O
professor	O
at	O
Chung	B-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
Christian	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
first	B-ORDINAL
came	O
to	O
Peipu	B-GPE
ago	O
to	O
help	O
a	O
colleague	O
study	O
the	O
local	O
architecture	O
.	O


Shu	B-PERSON
's	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
sociology	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
and	O
gain	O
a	O
clear	O
understanding	O
of	O
life	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
Hakka	B-NORP
town	O
.	O


Shu	B-PERSON
ended	O
up	O
staying	O
on	O
in	O
Peipu	B-GPE
after	O
the	O
project	O
came	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
,	O
and	O
today	B-DATE
he	O
serves	O
as	O
director	O
of	O
TCAC	B-ORG
.	O


Says	O
Shu	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
Now	O
I	O
can	O
understand	O
about	O
60	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
70	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
what	O
people	O
say	O
in	O
Hakka	B-NORP
!	O
"	O


How	O
it	O
all	O
started	O


TCAC	B-ORG
was	O
established	O
almost	O
by	O
accident	O
.	O


After	O
settling	O
in	O
Peipu	B-GPE
,	O
Shu	B-PERSON
gradually	O
put	O
down	O
roots	O
in	O
the	O
local	O
community	O
and	O
made	O
friends	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1996	I-DATE
,	O
Shu	B-PERSON
and	O
a	O
few	O
women	O
got	O
to	O
talking	O
about	O
education	O
and	O
they	O
hatched	O
an	O
idea	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
an	O
after	O
-	O
school	O
study	O
center	O
.	O


The	O
local	O
Catholic	B-NORP
church	O
donated	O
space	O
for	O
the	O
center	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
soon	O
launched	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
small	O
library	O
,	O
and	O
local	O
residents	O
generously	O
donated	O
many	O
books	O
.	O


Thanks	O
to	O
the	O
center	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
concerned	O
local	O
citizens	O
started	O
seeing	O
each	O
other	O
quite	O
frequently	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
ended	O
up	O
establishing	O
Ta	B-ORG
Ai	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
in	O
March	B-DATE
1997	I-DATE
.	O


They	O
chose	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
Yi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sen	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
a	O
local	O
dry	O
goods	O
store	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
chairman	O
,	O
and	O
selected	O
Shu	B-PERSON
as	O
director	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
organization	O
resolved	O
to	O
work	O
toward	O
the	O
achievement	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
goals	O
:	O
"	O
A	O
better	O
standard	O
of	O
living	O
,	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
material	O
and	O
spiritual	O
sense	O
.	O


Preservation	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
Hakka	B-NORP
culture	O
.	O


Preservation	O
of	O
the	O
environment	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
local	O
industry	O
.	O


Development	O
of	O
community	O
education	O
for	O
people	O
of	O
all	O
ages	O
.	O
"	O


After	O
TCAC	B-ORG
was	O
officially	O
established	O
,	O
its	O
main	O
project	O
was	O
the	O
publication	O
of	O
a	O
bimonthly	O
newsletter	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
TCAC	I-ORG
Newsletter	I-ORG
provided	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
with	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
speak	O
their	O
minds	O
on	O
such	O
issues	O
as	O
preservation	O
of	O
local	O
streams	O
,	O
their	O
love	O
for	O
their	O
hometown	O
,	O
and	O
various	O
local	O
affairs	O
.	O


Pitching	O
in	O


A	O
young	O
man	O
wrote	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
TCAC	I-ORG
Newsletter	I-ORG
,	O
"	O
I	O
used	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
job	O
in	O
another	O
town	O
,	O
and	O
every	O
time	O
I	O
came	O
back	O
to	O
Peipu	B-GPE
I	O
would	O
go	O
straight	O
to	O
the	O
noodle	O
shop	O
and	O
wolf	O
down	O
a	O
bowl	O
of	O
bantiao	O
noodles	O
even	O
before	O
stopping	O
to	O
say	O
hello	O
to	O
my	O
parents	O
.	O


Until	O
I	O
had	O
eaten	O
a	O
bowl	O
of	O
bantiao	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
was	O
back	O
home	O
yet	O
.	O
"	O


According	O
to	O
Shu	B-PERSON
Shih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
,	O
keeping	O
the	O
newsletter	O
in	O
print	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
has	O
been	O
no	O
small	O
accomplishment	O
.	O


"	O
These	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
write	O
for	O
a	O
living	O
.	O


A	O
person	O
might	O
spend	O
four	B-TIME
or	I-TIME
five	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
writing	O
up	O
a	O
short	O
little	O
article	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
newsletter	O
,	O
TCAC	B-ORG
has	O
also	O
been	O
involved	O
in	O
many	O
local	O
activities	O
.	O


"	O
A	O
lot	O
of	O
interesting	O
stuff	O
goes	O
on	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
Hakka	B-NORP
town	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Shu	B-PERSON
,	O
adding	O
that	O
when	O
help	O
is	O
needed	O
the	O
locals	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
contribute	O
not	O
just	O
money	O
but	O
something	O
even	O
more	O
valuable	O
-	O
their	O
time	O
and	O
energy	O
.	O


When	O
TCAC	B-ORG
puts	O
on	O
an	O
activity	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
someone	O
notices	O
that	O
an	O
event	O
organizer	O
is	O
getting	O
thirsty	O
they	O
will	O
immediately	O
bring	O
him	O
a	O
bottle	O
of	O
mineral	O
water	O
.	O


When	O
a	O
musical	O
performance	O
is	O
scheduled	O
,	O
someone	O
will	O
always	O
take	O
it	O
upon	O
themselves	O
to	O
set	O
out	O
seats	O
for	O
the	O
audience	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
the	O
local	O
residents	O
agree	O
with	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
doing	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
sure	O
to	O
pitch	O
in	O
and	O
help	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Shu	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
considers	O
this	O
spirit	O
of	O
volunteerism	O
much	O
more	O
valuable	O
than	O
monetary	O
donations	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
TCAC	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
so	O
many	O
activities	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
without	O
spending	O
any	O
money	O
.	O


Peipu	B-GPE
residents	O
have	O
taken	O
part	O
enthusiastically	O
in	O
recycling	O
campaigns	O
,	O
flea	O
markets	O
,	O
and	O
post-harvest	O
yam	O
roasts	O
,	O
and	O
events	O
of	O
this	O
nature	O
have	O
even	O
drawn	O
participants	O
from	O
out	O
of	O
town	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
Yi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sen	I-PERSON
,	O
when	O
TCAC	B-ORG
organized	O
a	O
camping	O
trip	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
participants	O
from	O
Chutung	B-GPE
,	O
Toufen	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
elsewhere	O
actually	O
outnumbered	O
the	O
locals	O
.	O


We	O
miss	O
our	O
walkways	O
!	O


Thanks	O
to	O
the	O
energy	O
and	O
dedication	O
of	O
nine	O
regular	O
staff	O
and	O
many	O
enthusiastic	O
volunteers	O
,	O
TCAC	B-ORG
has	O
managed	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
difference	O
in	O
this	O
small	O
Hakka	B-NORP
township	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Most	O
notably	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
have	O
begun	O
to	O
sense	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
what	O
they	O
've	O
got	O
in	O
their	O
community	O
.	O


The	O
campaign	O
to	O
beautify	O
Peipu	B-GPE
's	O
Hsia	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
is	O
an	O
excellent	O
case	O
in	O
point	O
.	O


Seven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
ease	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
increasing	O
traffic	O
congestion	O
,	O
the	O
township	O
widened	O
Hsia	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
project	O
required	O
demolition	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
covered	O
walkways	O
that	O
used	O
to	O
stand	O
outside	O
the	O
stores	O
there	O
.	O


It	O
seemed	O
like	O
a	O
laudable	O
move	O
toward	O
modernization	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
but	O
people	O
living	O
along	O
the	O
street	O
came	O
to	O
rue	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
their	O
covered	O
walkways	O
.	O


Cars	O
came	O
roaring	O
down	O
in	O
great	O
numbers	O
along	O
the	O
widened	O
street	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
residents	O
lost	O
the	O
space	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
their	O
homes	O
where	O
they	O
had	O
once	O
enjoyed	O
many	O
a	O
leisurely	O
hour	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
Yi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sen	I-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
store	O
is	O
located	O
on	O
Hsia	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
,	O
everybody	O
used	O
to	O
congregate	O
in	O
the	O
cool	O
shade	O
of	O
the	O
walkways	O
in	O
the	O
summer	O
.	O


Neighbors	O
were	O
more	O
involved	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
two	B-CARDINAL
children	O
always	O
had	O
a	O
place	O
to	O
play	O
.	O


Now	O
that	O
the	O
covered	O
walkways	O
have	O
been	O
replaced	O
by	O
parking	O
spaces	O
,	O
people	O
scarcely	O
leave	O
their	O
homes	O
.	O


The	O
old	O
folks	O
stay	O
inside	O
watching	O
television	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
young	O
people	O
only	O
emerge	O
briefly	O
on	O
their	O
way	O
to	O
work	O
.	O


People	O
rarely	O
have	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
speak	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
anymore	O
.	O


Fortunately	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
quickly	O
realized	O
their	O
mistake	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
TCAC	B-ORG
applied	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Cultural	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
for	O
authorization	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
a	O
campaign	O
to	O
beautify	O
Hsia	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
residents	O
did	O
everything	O
they	O
could	O
to	O
restore	O
something	O
of	O
their	O
former	O
neighborhood	O
.	O


They	O
erected	O
street	O
lamps	O
and	O
put	O
out	O
benches	O
where	O
people	O
could	O
sit	O
and	O
chat	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
succeeded	O
in	O
creating	O
a	O
very	O
friendly	O
atmosphere	O
.	O


The	O
gaily	O
lit	O
Hsia	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
seems	O
almost	O
to	O
have	O
returned	O
to	O
an	O
earlier	O
time	O
.	O


It	O
might	O
be	O
impossible	O
for	O
Hsia	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
to	O
ever	O
be	O
exactly	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
it	O
once	O
was	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
beautification	O
campaign	O
taught	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
the	O
value	O
of	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
town	O
hall	O
made	O
plans	O
to	O
rip	O
up	O
the	O
stone	O
steps	O
on	O
the	O
long	O
pathway	O
leading	O
up	O
the	O
mountainside	O
at	O
Hsiuluan	B-FAC
Park	I-FAC
and	O
replace	O
them	O
with	O
imported	O
stone	O
,	O
local	O
citizens	O
protested	O
,	O
asking	O
the	O
town	O
hall	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
steps	O
as	O
they	O
were	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
end	O
they	O
succeeded	O
in	O
keeping	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
steps	O
untouched	O
.	O


States	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
with	O
a	O
sigh	O
,	O
"	O
There	O
's	O
not	O
much	O
left	O
that	O
's	O
really	O
worth	O
passing	O
on	O
to	O
our	O
grandchildren	O
.	O


We	O
ca	O
n't	O
keep	O
destroying	O
things	O
.	O
"	O


Do	O
you	O
remember	O
?	O


The	O
scope	O
of	O
TCAC	B-ORG
activities	O
is	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
improving	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
old	O
neighborhoods	O
.	O


The	O
organization	O
is	O
also	O
active	O
in	O
the	O
effort	O
to	O
preserve	O
the	O
local	O
environment	O
.	O


Shu	B-PERSON
Shih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
for	O
an	O
agricultural	O
community	O
like	O
Peipu	B-GPE
,	O
streams	O
are	O
an	O
indispensable	O
resource	O
.	O


Aquatic	O
life	O
on	O
Taping	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
dwindling	O
due	O
to	O
destruction	O
of	O
the	O
surrounding	O
environment	O
and	O
excessive	O
gravel	O
mining	O
on	O
the	O
river	O
bed	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
April	I-DATE
,	O
over	O
50	B-CARDINAL
people	O
from	O
the	O
townships	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
and	O
Omei	B-GPE
organized	O
the	B-ORG
TCAC	I-ORG
Taping	I-ORG
River	I-ORG
Preservation	I-ORG
Team	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
holding	O
meetings	O
throughout	O
the	O
local	O
area	O
to	O
show	O
slides	O
and	O
publicize	O
the	O
river	O
's	O
plight	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
River	I-ORG
Preservation	I-ORG
Team	I-ORG
also	O
posted	O
notices	O
on	O
the	O
riverbank	O
in	O
May	B-DATE
asking	O
locals	O
and	O
out	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
town	O
visitors	O
not	O
to	O
poison	O
or	O
electrocute	O
fish	O
or	O
catch	O
them	O
in	O
nets	O
.	O


The	O
team	O
also	O
goes	O
out	O
occasionally	O
to	O
pick	O
up	O
trash	O
and	O
patrol	O
the	O
river	O
.	O


Besides	O
these	O
activities	O
,	O
TCAC	B-ORG
also	O
offers	O
regularly	O
scheduled	O
classes	O
for	O
both	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
.	O


Current	O
offerings	O
include	O
a	O
class	O
on	O
environmental	O
preservation	O
for	O
children	O
,	O
while	O
for	O
both	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
there	O
are	O
classes	O
on	O
calligraphy	O
,	O
traditional	O
Hakka	B-NORP
folk	O
songs	O
,	O
and	O
local	O
history	O
.	O


Every	O
Wednesday	O
evening	O
you	O
can	O
hear	O
the	O
strains	O
of	O
Hakka	B-NORP
folk	O
songs	O
coming	O
from	O
TCAC	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
youngest	O
participants	O
in	O
the	O
class	O
are	O
just	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
or	I-CARDINAL
eight	I-CARDINAL
,	O
while	O
the	O
oldest	O
range	O
on	O
up	O
to	O
70	B-CARDINAL
or	I-CARDINAL
80	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Every	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
lilting	O
melodies	O
carries	O
with	O
it	O
a	O
nugget	O
of	O
Hakka	B-NORP
culture	O
.	O


Even	O
more	O
interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
teacher	O
makes	O
up	O
lyrics	O
about	O
the	O
river	O
preservation	O
campaign	O
and	O
sets	O
them	O
to	O
traditional	O
folk	O
melodies	O
,	O
thus	O
melding	O
the	O
old	O
and	O
the	O
new	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
class	O
on	O
local	O
history	O
,	O
the	O
participants	O
themselves	O
do	O
all	O
the	O
talking	O
.	O


They	O
exchange	O
stories	O
about	O
the	O
past	O
and	O
talk	O
about	O
places	O
whose	O
names	O
no	O
longer	O
even	O
appear	O
on	O
the	O
maps	O
.	O


Everyone	O
works	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
to	O
call	O
up	O
a	O
collective	O
memory	O
of	O
local	O
history	O
.	O


Says	O
Shu	B-PERSON
Shih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
By	O
sharing	O
our	O
experiences	O
we	O
can	O
get	O
everybody	O
to	O
take	O
an	O
active	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
changes	O
that	O
are	O
taking	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
local	O
community	O
.	O
"	O


Outgrowths	O
of	O
the	O
class	O
include	O
the	O
river	O
preservation	O
campaign	O
and	O
a	O
guidebook	O
for	O
tourists	O
interested	O
in	O
learning	O
about	O
environmental	O
issues	O
and	O
local	O
history	O
.	O


Says	O
Shu	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
Forget	O
about	O
all	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
falutin'	O
talk	O
about	O
'	O
urban	O
redevelopment	O
'	O
and	O
whatnot	O
-	O
everyone	O
cares	O
about	O
what	O
goes	O
on	O
in	O
their	O
town	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
get	O
everybody	O
working	O
together	O
so	O
you	O
can	O
actually	O
get	O
something	O
done	O
,	O
otherwise	O
all	O
talk	O
about	O
local	O
affairs	O
wo	O
n't	O
amount	O
to	O
anything	O
more	O
than	O
people	O
doing	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
idle	O
chatting	O
and	O
complaining	O
around	O
the	O
dinner	O
table	O
.	O
"	O


Hard	O
times	O
,	O
warm	O
hearts	O


With	O
such	O
a	O
vigorous	O
network	O
of	O
local	O
volunteers	O
already	O
in	O
place	O
,	O
TCAC	B-ORG
was	O
prepared	O
to	O
act	O
quickly	O
when	O
the	O
earthquake	O
hit	O
central	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
September	I-DATE
.	O


After	O
zeroing	O
in	O
on	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
as	O
the	O
beneficiary	O
of	O
its	O
assistance	O
,	O
TCAC	B-ORG
wasted	O
no	O
time	O
in	O
sending	O
relief	O
supplies	O
,	O
establishing	O
a	O
newsletter	O
,	O
and	O
building	O
prefab	O
shelters	O
.	O


In	O
working	O
together	O
on	O
the	O
recovery	O
effort	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
and	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
have	O
built	O
up	O
close	O
personal	O
ties	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
celebration	O
in	O
Peipu	B-GPE
,	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
mayor	O
Hsieh	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ying	I-PERSON
gave	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
a	O
gift	O
as	O
a	O
token	O
of	O
gratitude	O
for	O
their	O
generous	O
assistance	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
TCAC	B-ORG
board	O
members	O
traveled	O
to	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
to	O
inspect	O
the	O
progress	O
on	O
the	O
prefab	O
shelters	O
,	O
they	O
took	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
occasion	O
to	O
exchange	O
views	O
with	O
local	O
residents	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
'm	O
very	O
excited	O
about	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
way	O
channel	O
of	O
communication	O
that	O
we	O
've	O
established	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Li	B-PERSON
Chieh	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ying	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
he	O
adds	O
that	O
this	O
communication	O
is	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
strength	O
that	O
has	O
enabled	O
the	B-ORG
Shihkang	I-ORG
Work	I-ORG
Station	I-ORG
to	O
keep	O
going	O
.	O


The	O
prefab	O
units	O
that	O
TCAC	B-ORG
helped	O
build	O
at	O
Tuniu	B-FAC
Elementary	I-FAC
School	I-FAC
were	O
completed	O
on	O
February	B-DATE
28th	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
Li	B-PERSON
Chieh	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ying	I-PERSON
reports	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Shihkang	I-ORG
Work	I-ORG
Station	I-ORG
is	O
now	O
concentrating	O
primarily	O
on	O
gaining	O
a	O
clear	O
picture	O
of	O
what	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
get	O
people	O
back	O
to	O
work	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
original	O
plan	O
only	O
calls	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Shihkang	I-ORG
Work	I-ORG
Station	I-ORG
to	O
operate	O
for	O
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Li	B-PERSON
Chieh	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ying	I-PERSON
opines	O
,	O
"	O
I	O
have	O
my	O
doubts	O
about	O
whether	O
we	O
'll	O
actually	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
leave	O
after	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O
"	O


He	O
feels	O
that	O
the	O
cooperative	O
relationship	O
and	O
emotional	O
ties	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
forged	O
between	O
Peipu	B-GPE
and	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
ought	O
to	O
be	O
kept	O
alive	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
hopes	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Ta	B-GPE
Ai	I-GPE
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
share	O
their	O
know	O
-	O
how	O
in	O
community	O
activism	O
with	O
other	O
localities	O
so	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
can	O
recover	O
the	O
vibrant	O
communities	O
that	O
it	O
lost	O
in	O
the	O
earthquake	O
.	O


p.	O
100	B-CARDINAL


Peipu	B-GPE
's	O
Ta	B-ORG
Ai	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
built	O
11	B-CARDINAL
prefab	O
shelters	O
at	O
Tuniu	B-FAC
Elementary	I-FAC
School	I-FAC
in	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
.	O


Performers	O
of	O
traditional	O
Hakka	B-NORP
music	O
came	O
from	O
both	O
Peipu	B-GPE
and	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
to	O
celebrate	O
the	O
completion	O
of	O
the	O
shelters	O
.	O


p.	O
102	B-CARDINAL


The	O
sight	O
of	O
the	O
river	O
spilling	O
over	O
a	O
newly	O
created	O
drop	O
-	O
off	O
in	O
the	O
formerly	O
flat	O
riverbed	O
at	O
Shihkang	B-FAC
Dam	I-FAC
gives	O
stunning	O
testimony	O
to	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
earthquake	O
.	O


The	O
bridge	O
is	O
being	O
left	O
as	O
is	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
monument	O
to	O
the	O
quake	O
.	O


p.	O
102	B-CARDINAL


In	O
a	O
perverse	O
twist	O
of	O
fate	O
,	O
the	O
terrible	O
destruction	O
wrought	O
by	O
the	O
earthquake	O
has	O
left	O
Shihkang	B-GPE
with	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
valuable	O
new	O
"	O
tourist	O
attractions	O
.	O
"	O


This	O
enterprising	O
shop	O
owner	O
is	O
selling	O
photos	O
of	O
the	O
disaster	O
area	O
.	O


p.	O
105	B-CARDINAL


Located	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
,	O
Tzu	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
tien	I-FAC
Temple	I-FAC
is	O
the	O
town	O
's	O
main	O
landmark	O
and	O
features	O
a	O
big	O
open	O
area	O
that	O
is	O
excellent	O
for	O
holding	O
various	O
activities	O
.	O


The	O
musical	O
performance	O
pictured	O
here	O
has	O
attracted	O
a	O
big	O
crowd	O
of	O
both	O
locals	O
and	O
out	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
town	O
visitors	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Ku	B-PERSON
Cheng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
106	B-CARDINAL


The	O
people	O
of	O
Peipu	B-GPE
have	O
come	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
their	O
heritage	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
begun	O
working	O
to	O
preserve	O
old	O
buildings	O
.	O


In	O
restoring	O
old	O
residences	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
eschewing	O
modern	O
building	O
materials	O
and	O
using	O
the	O
methods	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


A	O
man	O
is	O
shown	O
here	O
mixing	O
mud	O
to	O
daub	O
over	O
the	O
brick	O
walls	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Ku	B-PERSON
Cheng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
107	B-CARDINAL


Shop	O
signs	O
everywhere	O
advertise	O
such	O
typical	O
Hakka	B-NORP
items	O
as	O
bantiao	O
noodles	O
,	O
lei	O
tea	O
-LRB-	O
which	O
has	O
peanut	O
powder	O
and	O
other	O
high	O
-	O
calorie	O
ingredients	O
mixed	O
into	O
it	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
dried	O
persimmons	O
.	O


Peipu	B-GPE
's	O
distinctly	O
Hakka	B-NORP
atmosphere	O
is	O
perhaps	O
the	O
town	O
's	O
most	O
striking	O
feature	O
.	O


The	O
Age	O
of	O
the	O
Peacock	O


"	O
God	O
gives	O
a	O
woman	O
one	B-CARDINAL
face	O
;	O
she	O
can	O
make	O
another	O
one	O
for	O
herself	O
.	O
"	O


This	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
expression	O
is	O
being	O
amended	O
by	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
men	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
"	O
male	O
beauty	O
pageant	O
"	O
at	O
Chiao	B-ORG
Tung	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
just	O
ended	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
quickly	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
website	O
male	O
beauty	O
contest	O
.	O


Modern	O
males	O
not	O
only	O
are	O
competing	O
over	O
looks	O
,	O
they	O
also	O
are	O
competing	O
over	O
dressing	O
themselves	O
up	O
and	O
making	O
themselves	O
over	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
book	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Art	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
the	O
humorist	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Yutang	I-PERSON
noted	O
how	O
"	O
commercial	O
advertising	O
has	O
commodified	O
virtually	O
every	O
inch	O
of	O
a	O
woman	O
's	O
body	O
,	O
right	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
last	O
line	O
and	O
the	O
last	O
painted	O
toenail	O
.	O
"	O


Now	O
when	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
advertising	O
billboards	O
or	O
magazines	O
,	O
you	O
see	O
men	O
displaying	O
their	O
oiled	O
-	O
up	O
muscles	O
,	O
shiny	O
white	O
teeth	O
,	O
smooth	O
and	O
clean	O
-	O
shaven	O
skin	O
,	O
and	O
elegant	O
attire	O
.	O


The	O
"	O
new	O
man	O
"	O
is	O
making	O
himself	O
over	O
from	O
head	O
to	O
toe	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
not	O
averse	O
to	O
showing	O
a	O
more	O
feminine	O
side	O
in	O
doing	O
so	O
.	O


Men	O
are	O
invading	O
territory	O
previously	O
held	O
exclusively	O
by	O
women	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
declaring	O
:	O
"	O
Ladies	O
,	O
you	O
no	O
longer	O
have	O
a	O
monopoly	O
on	O
making	O
yourselves	O
beautiful	O
!	O
"	O


"	O
This	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
,	O
before	O
putting	O
on	O
your	O
shorts	O
and	O
sandals	O
,	O
be	O
sure	O
to	O
do	O
skin	O
care	O
treatment	O
and	O
thoroughly	O
clean	O
your	O
legs	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
present	O
a	O
fresh	O
clean	O
image	O
to	O
people	O
.	O
"	O


You	O
would	O
probably	O
assume	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
an	O
ad	O
for	O
a	O
woman	O
's	O
beauty	O
product	O
,	O
would	O
n't	O
you	O
?	O


A	O
men	O
's	O
fashion	O
magazine	O
that	O
sells	O
over	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
copies	O
per	O
month	O
in	O
convenience	O
stores	O
cautions	O
its	O
male	O
readers	O
that	O
if	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
"	O
face	O
of	O
an	O
angel	O
,	O
"	O
then	O
every	O
day	O
they	O
must	O
do	O
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
step	O
skin	O
care	O
"	O
to	O
rid	O
themselves	O
of	O
dead	O
skin	O
cells	O
.	O


Men	O
can	O
now	O
retain	O
their	O
youthful	O
looks	O
with	O
moisturizing	O
masks	O
,	O
wrinkle	O
-	O
removing	O
patches	O
,	O
and	O
techniques	O
for	O
tightening	O
facial	O
skin	O
and	O
giving	O
the	O
lines	O
of	O
the	O
face	O
a	O
more	O
pronounced	O
depth	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
after	O
facial	O
care	O
is	O
finished	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
forget	O
to	O
rub	O
moisturizing	O
cream	O
into	O
your	O
calves	O
!	O


Everywhere	O
advertisements	O
are	O
promoting	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
peacock	O
.	O
"	O


They	O
are	O
encouraging	O
modern	O
men	O
to	O
take	O
practical	O
steps	O
to	O
"	O
decorate	O
"	O
themselves	O
.	O


The	O
American	B-NORP
cosmetics	O
company	O
Clinique	B-ORG
had	O
sales	O
over	O
NT$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
in	O
which	O
they	O
released	O
men	O
's	O
skin	O
care	O
products	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Chu	B-PERSON
Che	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tao	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
director	O
of	O
education	O
and	O
training	O
,	O
declares	O
:	O
"	O
The	O
market	O
potential	O
for	O
male	O
skin	O
-	O
care	O
products	O
is	O
unlimited	O
.	O
"	O


Phone	O
calls	O
and	O
Internet	O
inquiries	O
from	O
men	O
asking	O
about	O
beauty	O
products	O
and	O
services	O
are	O
outpacing	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
industry	O
to	O
handle	O
them	O
.	O


Angela	B-PERSON
Chiang	I-PERSON
,	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
Access	B-ORG
Cosmetics	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
agent	O
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
imported	O
perfumes	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
male	O
fragrance	O
market	O
began	O
to	O
grow	O
markedly	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
leading	O
brands	O
showed	O
sales	O
increases	O
of	O
200	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Many	O
male	O
clients	O
have	O
three	B-CARDINAL
or	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
fragrance	O
at	O
home	O
,	O
using	O
different	O
ones	O
for	O
the	O
office	O
,	O
long	O
weekends	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O


In	O
days	O
gone	O
by	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
considered	O
an	O
extravagance	O
for	O
Dad	O
to	O
go	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
barbershop	O
for	O
a	O
shave	O
and	O
haircut	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
beauty	O
parlors	O
are	O
offering	O
these	O
aging	O
gents	O
the	O
chance	O
to	O
lighten	O
their	O
spots	O
,	O
change	O
their	O
profiles	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
their	O
wrinkles	O
pulled	O
away	O
.	O


One	O
salon	O
in	O
Hsinchu	B-GPE
called	O
Modern	B-ORG
Man	I-ORG
Salon	I-ORG
has	O
adopted	O
the	O
slogan	O
:	O
"	O
Men	O
and	O
women	O
are	O
finally	O
equal	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
determination	O
of	O
men	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
redo	O
themselves	O
is	O
rising	O
.	O


Men	O
are	O
giving	O
away	O
nothing	O
to	O
their	O
sisters	O
in	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
beautiful	O
bodies	O
,	O
as	O
is	O
suggested	O
by	O
a	O
few	O
recent	O
disputes	O
between	O
male	O
beauty	O
salons	O
and	O
dissatisfied	O
customers	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
from	O
early	B-DATE
March	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
from	O
the	B-ORG
Wanfang	I-ORG
Hospital	I-ORG
Laser	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
,	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
men	O
to	O
women	O
going	O
for	O
cosmetic	O
surgery	O
was	O
1	B-CARDINAL
:	O
3	B-CARDINAL
,	O
compared	O
to	O
1	B-CARDINAL
:	O
5	B-CARDINAL
just	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Lai	B-PERSON
Hsien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hung	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
physician	O
at	O
the	O
center	O
,	O
predicts	O
that	O
before	O
long	O
the	O
ratio	O
will	O
reach	O
1	B-CARDINAL
:	O
1	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Show	O
me	O
the	O
body	O


It	O
is	O
frequently	O
argued	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
male	O
-	O
dominated	O
society	O
that	O
creates	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
women	O
to	O
spend	O
money	O
making	O
themselves	O
up	O
as	O
if	O
their	O
lives	O
depended	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
who	O
should	O
get	O
the	O
"	O
credit	O
"	O
for	O
this	O
new	O
male	O
infatuation	O
with	O
beauty	O
?	O


Besides	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
advertising	O
and	O
sales	O
pitches	O
in	O
a	O
modern	O
commercial	O
society	O
"	O
seduce	O
"	O
some	O
men	O
into	O
falling	O
into	O
the	O
beauty	O
trap	O
,	O
many	O
observers	O
suggest	O
that	O
a	O
major	O
force	O
behind	O
male	O
vanity	O
are	O
women	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
women	O
closest	O
to	O
individual	O
men	O
.	O


Betty	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
famous	O
author	O
and	O
television	O
host	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
today	B-DATE
seven	B-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
modern	O
guys	O
who	O
buy	O
name	O
-	O
brand	O
fashions	O
and	O
use	O
cosmetics	O
do	O
so	O
under	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
their	O
girlfriends	O
.	O


Wu	B-PERSON
has	O
found	O
that	O
"	O
modern	O
men	O
can	O
in	O
fact	O
easily	O
accept	O
change	O
.	O
"	O


Indeed	O
,	O
as	O
consumers	O
men	O
are	O
often	O
easier	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
than	O
women	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
more	O
decisive	O
about	O
purchasing	O
.	O


When	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
was	O
a	O
primarily	O
agricultural	O
,	O
then	O
primarily	O
industrial	O
,	O
society	O
,	O
most	O
men	O
lived	O
off	O
physical	O
labor	O
.	O


Few	O
bothered	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
their	O
external	O
appearance	O
.	O


Even	O
office	O
workers	O
dressed	O
the	O
same	O
every	O
day	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
on	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
rich	O
kids	O
had	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
dress	O
up	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
generally	O
seen	O
as	O
playboys	O
or	O
dandies	O
.	O


But	O
women	O
have	O
had	O
enough	O
of	O
that	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
days	O
have	O
the	O
economic	O
wherewithal	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
women	O
could	O
only	O
be	O
recipients	O
of	O
gifts	O
from	O
men	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
they	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
buy	O
gifts	O
to	O
give	O
to	O
their	O
male	O
partners	O
.	O


Women	O
are	O
very	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
cosmetics	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
now	O
influencing	O
the	O
consumer	O
behavior	O
of	O
their	O
husbands	O
and	O
boyfriends	O
.	O


With	O
a	O
little	O
help	O
from	O
women	O
,	O
men	O
's	O
fashions	O
have	O
taken	O
off	O
:	O


"	O
Virtually	O
all	O
the	O
major	O
men	O
's	O
fashion	O
brands	O
have	O
been	O
brought	O
into	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
"	O
say	O
Justin	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
,	O
editor	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
chief	O
of	O
Men	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Uno	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
fashion	O
magazine	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
when	O
foreign	O
companies	O
would	O
release	O
men	O
's	O
and	O
women	O
's	O
fashion	O
lines	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
importers	O
would	O
only	O
bring	O
in	O
the	O
women	O
's	O
clothing	O
;	O
now	O
men	O
's	O
and	O
women	O
's	O
attire	O
comes	O
in	O
together	O
.	O


Men	O
also	O
are	O
increasingly	O
feeling	O
pushed	O
by	O
women	O
in	O
the	O
realm	O
of	O
cosmetic	O
surgery	O
and	O
body	O
shaping	O
.	O


Many	O
men	O
have	O
been	O
encouraged	O
by	O
their	O
wives	O
to	O
get	O
surgery	O
to	O
change	O
their	O
single-fold	O
eyelids	O
to	O
double-fold	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
have	O
fat	O
removed	O
by	O
liposuction	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
mother	O
brought	O
her	O
middle	O
school	O
son	O
to	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yun	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
cosmetic	O
surgery	O
hospital	O
,	O
saying	O
:	O
"	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
give	O
birth	O
to	O
a	O
good	O
nose	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
least	O
I	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
good	O
nose	O
made	O
for	O
you	O
.	O
"	O


Macho	O
macho	O
man	O


In	O
the	O
view	O
of	O
Betty	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
reason	O
men	O
are	O
daring	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
ranks	O
of	O
beauty	O
lovers	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
accept	O
softer	O
and	O
more	O
feminine	O
standards	O
of	O
beauty	O
,	O
is	O
because	O
expectations	O
of	O
men	O
in	O
society	O
have	O
changed	O
.	O


The	O
women	O
of	O
Generation	B-NORP
X	I-NORP
,	O
born	O
after	O
1965	B-DATE
,	O
have	O
economic	O
independence	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
longer	O
are	O
looking	O
to	O
men	O
to	O
support	O
them	O
and	O
their	O
children	O
.	O


Thus	O
they	O
no	O
longer	O
are	O
looking	O
for	O
someone	O
who	O
"	O
walks	O
and	O
talks	O
like	O
a	O
real	O
man	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
"	O
a	O
real	O
man	O
"	O
was	O
usually	O
one	O
who	O
could	O
support	O
a	O
wife	O
and	O
children	O
,	O
and	O
who	O
would	O
play	O
the	O
active	O
role	O
in	O
a	O
relationship	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
woman	O
being	O
the	O
passive	O
partner	O
.	O


Since	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
women	O
do	O
not	O
expect	O
a	O
man	O
to	O
support	O
them	O
,	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
looking	O
for	O
in	O
a	O
man	O
has	O
also	O
changed	O
.	O


Wu	B-PERSON
croons	O
,	O
"	O
We	O
want	O
men	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
juicy	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
it	O
was	O
no	O
big	O
deal	O
if	O
your	O
male	O
partner	O
was	O
n't	O
really	O
presentable	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
an	O
important	O
condition	O
for	O
a	O
boyfriend	O
is	O
that	O
one	O
is	O
not	O
embarrassed	O
to	O
take	O
him	O
out	O
in	O
public	O
.	O


Says	O
Wu	B-PERSON
:	O
"	O
I	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
what	O
my	O
mother	O
saw	O
in	O
John	B-PERSON
Wayne	I-PERSON
in	O
his	O
dirty	O
old	O
jeans	O
.	O


"	O
In	O
the	O
past	O
women	O
wanted	O
to	O
be	O
coddled	O
,	O
now	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
coddle	O
men	O
.	O


Guys	O
who	O
evoke	O
a	O
woman	O
's	O
sympathetic	O
instincts	O
and	O
"	O
non-threatening	O
"	O
types	O
of	O
"	O
pretty	O
boys	O
"	O
are	O
becoming	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
popular	O
.	O


Lucia	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
young	O
office	O
worker	O
who	O
regularly	O
discusses	O
social	O
trends	O
with	O
webfriends	O
on	O
her	O
own	O
website	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
modern	O
males	O
no	O
longer	O
have	O
that	O
rough	O
-	O
tough	O
character	O
;	O
guys	O
like	O
Hsieh	B-PERSON
Ting	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
feng	I-PERSON
and	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Hsiao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tung	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
never	O
have	O
a	O
hair	O
out	O
of	O
place	O
,	O
are	O
very	O
popular	O
male	O
idols	O
these	O
days	O
.	O


When	O
well	O
-	O
groomed	O
male	O
stars	O
stand	O
on	O
stage	O
next	O
to	O
their	O
female	O
counterparts	O
,	O
they	O
both	O
look	O
equally	O
"	O
juicy	O
.	O
"	O


Relax	O
dudes	O


Social	O
change	O
is	O
permitting	O
women	O
to	O
devote	O
more	O
attention	O
to	O
admiring	O
male	O
beauty	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
also	O
is	O
allowing	O
men	O
to	O
enjoy	O
beautifying	O
themselves	O
.	O


Ning	B-PERSON
Yin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
associate	O
professor	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Graduate	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Philosophy	I-ORG
at	O
National	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
an	O
expert	O
on	O
gender	O
issues	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
"	O
society	O
did	O
not	O
encourage	O
men	O
to	O
spend	O
time	O
making	O
themselves	O
up	O
or	O
becoming	O
more	O
attractive	O
to	O
others	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
role	O
society	O
assigned	O
to	O
men	O
emphasized	O
accomplishments	O
in	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
was	O
only	O
legitimate	O
for	O
men	O
to	O
learn	O
how	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
living	O
.	O


Wang	B-PERSON
Hao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
psychiatrist	O
who	O
frequently	O
writes	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
men	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
says	O
that	O
guys	O
by	O
nature	O
find	O
it	O
hard	O
to	O
reveal	O
their	O
softer	O
sides	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
only	O
put	O
down	O
their	O
body	O
armor	O
after	O
slugging	O
a	O
few	O
drinks	O
down	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
they	O
're	O
getting	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
express	O
themselves	O
through	O
external	O
beauty	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
show	O
a	O
softer	O
side	O
.	O


He	B-PERSON
Tu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lin	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
tall	O
and	O
handsome	O
television	O
star	O
,	O
declared	O
his	O
own	O
opinion	O
-	O
without	O
the	O
least	O
bashfulness	O
about	O
it	O
-	O
on	O
a	O
recent	O
radio	O
program	O
:	O


"	O
The	O
key	O
factor	O
allowing	O
men	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
courage	O
to	O
display	O
their	O
own	O
bodies	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
see	O
their	O
bodies	O
as	O
their	O
own	O
.	O


Their	O
bodies	O
no	O
longer	O
belong	O
to	O
a	O
cultural	O
tradition	O
or	O
to	O
other	O
people	O
.	O


As	O
men	O
love	O
themselves	O
more	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
transfer	O
some	O
of	O
this	O
self	O
-	O
love	O
to	O
their	O
bodies	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
modern	O
men	O
have	O
discovered	O
that	O
can	O
they	O
can	O
make	O
a	O
statement	O
about	O
themselves	O
through	O
their	O
clothes	O
and	O
their	O
bodies	O
.	O
"	O


Whether	O
awakened	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
sense	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
bodies	O
by	O
popular	O
culture	O
,	O
or	O
driven	O
to	O
stay	O
at	O
the	O
forefront	O
of	O
commercial	O
fashion	O
,	O
contemporary	O
men	O
have	O
certainly	O
made	O
a	O
firm	O
decision	O
to	O
make	O
themselves	O
more	O
beautiful	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
service	O
industry	O
has	O
come	O
to	O
dominate	O
the	O
economy	O
,	O
a	O
fresh	O
and	O
clean	O
appearance	O
-	O
with	O
absolutely	O
none	O
of	O
that	O
macho	O
sweat	O
thing	O
allowed	O
-	O
has	O
become	O
considered	O
simply	O
good	O
manners	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
the	O
young	O
men	O
one	O
might	O
consider	O
"	O
vain	O
"	O
say	O
that	O
they	O
only	O
bother	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
immaculate	O
external	O
appearance	O
because	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
look	O
sharp	O
for	O
their	O
jobs	O
.	O


Yet	O
,	O
simply	O
not	O
smelling	O
repulsive	O
is	O
hardly	O
enough	O
to	O
satisfy	O
these	O
men	O
.	O


A	O
case	O
in	O
point	O
:	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Singtsufang	B-ORG
Enterprise	I-ORG
imported	O
specially	O
made	O
underwear	O
from	O
Japan	B-GPE
that	O
gives	O
a	O
guy	O
that	O
"	O
tight	O
butt	O
"	O
look	O
.	O


They	O
originally	O
anticipated	O
that	O
the	O
stock	O
would	O
sell	O
out	O
only	O
by	O
October	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
in	O
fact	O
it	O
went	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


Kao	B-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
recently	O
did	O
a	O
"	O
millennial	O
masculinity	O
survey	O
"	O
in	O
which	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
male	O
respondents	O
said	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
accept	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
a	O
man	O
wearing	O
cosmetics	O
.	O


Many	O
foreign	O
manufacturers	O
and	O
advertisers	O
are	O
rubbing	O
their	O
hands	O
in	O
gleeful	O
anticipation	O
of	O
getting	O
a	O
share	O
of	O
this	O
market	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Yen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ying	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
public	O
relations	O
planning	O
for	O
Kao	B-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
at	O
least	O
four	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
will	O
begin	O
marketing	O
skin	O
care	O
products	O
for	O
men	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
celebrity	O
advertisements	O
in	O
subway	O
stations	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
sides	O
of	O
buses	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
market	O
leaders	O
like	O
trendy	O
fashions	O
,	O
hair	O
styling	O
,	O
body	O
sculpting	O
,	O
face	O
care	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
undergarments	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
tremendous	O
amount	O
of	O
scope	O
for	O
a	O
more	O
diversified	O
selection	O
of	O
products	O
for	O
men	O
.	O


Androgynous	O
zone	O


Ideally	O
,	O
businesses	O
and	O
popular	O
culture	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
sweep	O
everyone	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
net	O
,	O
and	O
would	O
prefer	O
not	O
to	O
break	O
their	O
market	O
up	O
by	O
gender	O
.	O


It	O
happens	O
that	O
many	O
modern	O
guys	O
who	O
go	O
in	O
for	O
dressing	O
up	O
are	O
also	O
showing	O
a	O
trend	O
toward	O
androgynous	O
standards	O
of	O
beauty	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
says	O
Betty	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
now	O
that	O
androgynous	O
standards	O
of	O
beauty	O
are	O
starting	O
to	O
take	O
root	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Although	O
everyone	O
has	O
a	O
different	O
aesthetic	O
sense	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
kinds	O
of	O
beauty	O
,	O
"	O
you	O
can	O
still	O
identify	O
certain	O
trends	O
,	O
"	O
she	O
says	O
.	O


"	O
Some	O
years	O
the	O
look	O
is	O
the	O
tough	O
,	O
hard	O
-	O
nosed	O
type	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
years	O
a	O
softer	O
,	O
more	O
feminine	O
look	O
is	O
in	O
.	O
"	O


Look	O
at	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
stars	O
of	O
early	O
films	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
like	O
Chin	B-PERSON
Han	I-PERSON
,	O
Chin	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lin	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
zheng	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
had	O
a	O
definite	O
elegance	O
.	O


"	O
They	O
were	O
tall	O
and	O
well	O
-	O
built	O
,	O
but	O
very	O
gentle	O
,	O
"	O
opines	O
Wu	B-PERSON
.	O


These	O
days	O
,	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
women	O
,	O
in	O
appreciating	O
men	O
,	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
"	O
prettier	O
"	O
the	O
guys	O
are	O
,	O
the	O
better	O
.	O


Justin	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
,	O
in	O
his	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
pretty	O
-	O
boy	O
phenomenon	O
,	O
avers	O
:	O
In	O
the	B-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
general	O
trend	O
of	O
all	O
cutting	O
-	O
edge	O
design	O
was	O
"	O
super-youth	O
.	O
"	O


Many	O
well	O
-	O
established	O
products	O
appealing	O
to	O
the	O
upper	O
middle	O
-	O
class	O
found	O
it	O
impossible	O
to	O
resist	O
the	O
trend	O
toward	O
youth	O
and	O
had	O
to	O
change	O
their	O
own	O
design	O
and	O
style	O
.	O


Looking	O
around	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
a	O
transition	O
in	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
types	O
of	O
male	O
models	O
.	O


The	O
muscle	O
man	O
and	O
the	O
James	B-PERSON
Dean	I-PERSON
type	O
are	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
out	O
.	O


More	O
and	O
more	O
the	O
models	O
are	O
of	O
the	O
soft	O
,	O
almost	O
feminine	O
schoolboy	O
type	O
,	O
the	O
boy	O
next	O
-	O
door	O
type	O
,	O
or	O
boys	O
who	O
look	O
childish	O
and	O
underdeveloped	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
they	O
lack	O
experience	O
.	O


You	O
could	O
say	O
that	O
people	O
just	O
got	O
tired	O
of	O
looking	O
at	O
macho	O
men	O
and	O
cool	O
dudes	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Hao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
sees	O
it	O
,	O
the	O
deeper	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
worship	O
of	O
ever	O
-	O
greater	O
youthfulness	O
in	O
modern	O
society	O
can	O
be	O
traced	O
to	O
the	O
dissolution	O
of	O
the	O
traditional	O
family	O
structure	O
.	O


Elders	O
,	O
who	O
held	O
all	O
the	O
power	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
have	O
become	O
targets	O
of	O
derision	O
.	O


Businesses	O
have	O
no	O
choice	O
but	O
to	O
go	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
trend	O
.	O


Wang	B-PERSON
concludes	O
:	O
"	O
In	O
a	O
society	O
in	O
which	O
individualism	O
is	O
important	O
,	O
youth	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
security	O
.	O
"	O


Besides	O
adapting	O
to	O
rising	O
individualism	O
,	O
ever	O
-	O
alert	O
commercial	O
culture	O
is	O
also	O
taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
feminism	O
and	O
homosexual	O
self	O
-	O
awareness	O
.	O


Cross-gender	O
thinking	O
is	O
influencing	O
the	O
way	O
men	O
make	O
themselves	O
appear	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
especially	O
apparent	O
in	O
the	O
entertainment	O
community	O
,	O
which	O
sets	O
the	O
pace	O
for	O
popular	O
culture	O
and	O
is	O
often	O
the	O
fastest	O
to	O
pick	O
up	O
on	O
new	O
trends	O
.	O


Many	O
in	O
that	O
field	O
are	O
crossing	O
traditional	O
barriers	O
between	O
male	O
and	O
female	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
only	O
women	O
had	O
sequins	O
,	O
embroidery	O
,	O
or	O
skin	O
-	O
revealing	O
gaps	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
clothing	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
these	O
are	O
being	O
put	O
in	O
men	O
's	O
clothing	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Recently	O
,	O
the	O
top	O
four	B-CARDINAL
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
male	O
singing	O
stars	O
were	O
seen	O
on	O
stage	O
competing	O
for	O
attention	O
while	O
wearing	O
skirts	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
expect	O
that	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
long	O
before	O
you	O
can	O
admire	O
some	O
guy	O
on	O
the	O
street	O
wearing	O
a	O
skirt	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
generation	O
of	O
young	O
women	O
mostly	O
have	O
a	O
positive	O
attitude	O
toward	O
androgynous	O
beauty	O
.	O


As	O
Lucia	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
says	O
,	O
"	O
raw	O
masculinity	O
or	O
raw	O
femininity	O
is	O
of	O
course	O
attractive	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
more	O
diversified	O
is	O
the	O
pursuit	O
of	O
beauty	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
interesting	O
the	O
world	O
is	O
.	O


As	O
far	O
as	O
I	O
'm	O
concerned	O
,	O
if	O
a	O
guy	O
wants	O
to	O
wear	O
a	O
skirt	O
or	O
have	O
long	O
hair	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
it	O
looks	O
good	O
,	O
anything	O
goes	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
Non-no	O
set	O


Male	O
beauty	O
is	O
tending	O
toward	O
youth	O
and	O
gender	O
neutrality	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
pursuing	O
beauty	O
are	O
mainly	O
young	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
most	O
dare	O
to	O
and	O
who	O
can	O
afford	O
to	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Ta	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
28	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	O
old	O
webpage	O
designer	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
in	O
his	O
generation	O
the	O
girls	O
grew	O
up	O
reading	O
Non-no	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
boys	O
grew	O
up	O
reading	O
Men	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Non-no	I-ORG
.	O


Fashion	O
magazines	O
taught	O
him	O
to	O
accept	O
more	O
colorful	O
and	O
cuter	O
clothing	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
he	O
knows	O
name	O
-	O
brand	O
fashions	O
like	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
his	O
hand	O
.	O


Though	O
he	O
has	O
already	O
entered	O
the	O
working	O
world	O
,	O
he	O
still	O
pays	O
close	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
men	O
's	O
fashions	O
introduced	O
into	O
magazines	O
.	O


"	O
This	O
year	O
Prada	B-ORG
is	O
putting	O
out	O
purple	O
shoes	O
that	O
cost	O
about	O
NT$	B-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
30,000	I-MONEY
.	O


Doc	B-ORG
Marten	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
millennial	O
commemorative	O
shoes	O
have	O
a	O
similar	O
style	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
price	O
is	O
much	O
lower	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
thinking	O
about	O
buying	O
the	O
latter	O
.	O
"	O


Girls	O
who	O
grew	O
up	O
reading	O
Non-no	B-ORG
can	O
accept	O
the	O
consumer	O
attitude	O
of	O
the	O
Men	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Non-no	I-ORG
crowd	O
.	O


Both	O
groups	O
follow	O
fashion	O
closely	O
,	O
exchange	O
information	O
,	O
and	O
raise	O
new	O
ideas	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
work	O
out	O
to	O
build	O
muscles	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
define	O
them	O
.	O


Right	O
now	O
shape	O
is	O
what	O
's	O
in	O
.	O


With	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
of	O
muscle	O
,	O
your	O
clothes	O
look	O
even	O
better	O
.	O
"	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Ta	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
also	O
has	O
his	O
own	O
ideas	O
about	O
the	O
skin	O
care	O
products	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
:	O


"	O
Men	O
's	O
skin	O
care	O
products	O
all	O
assume	O
that	O
men	O
have	O
oily	O
skin	O
with	O
built	O
up	O
dead	O
skin	O
cells	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
have	O
very	O
strong	O
cleaning	O
agents	O
.	O


But	O
these	O
can	O
damage	O
your	O
skin	O
.	O


I	O
prefer	O
to	O
use	O
softer	O
women	O
's	O
skin	O
tonic	O
.	O
"	O


Cabula	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
,	O
associate	O
managing	O
editor	O
at	O
ChinaTimes.com	B-ORG
,	O
who	O
is	O
now	O
40	B-DATE
,	O
has	O
a	O
brother	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
younger	O
than	O
himself	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
that	O
if	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
last	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
a	O
-	O
man	O
's	O
-	O
life	O
-	O
is	O
-	O
hard	O
"	O
generation	O
,	O
his	O
younger	O
brother	O
will	O
unfortunately	O
be	O
of	O
a	O
set	O
whose	O
lives	O
will	O
be	O
even	O
harder	O
down	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
because	O
his	O
younger	O
brother	O
,	O
who	O
invests	O
an	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
a	O
day	O
decking	O
himself	O
out	O
,	O
spends	O
virtually	O
all	O
his	O
money	O
on	O
clothing	O
and	O
pleasure	O
.	O


Liu	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
PhD	B-WORK_OF_ART
candidate	O
who	O
also	O
teaches	O
at	O
an	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
supplementary	O
school	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
certainly	O
necessary	O
to	O
spend	O
time	O
and	O
money	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
give	O
your	O
exterior	O
appearance	O
a	O
little	O
character	O
.	O


The	O
materials	O
of	O
the	O
clothes	O
and	O
the	O
hairstyle	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
just	O
right	O
.	O


And	O
some	O
labels	O
do	O
indeed	O
represent	O
quality	O
.	O


Liu	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
clears	O
out	O
his	O
closet	O
for	O
each	O
new	O
season	O
,	O
currently	O
has	O
25	B-CARDINAL
pairs	O
of	O
shoes	O
,	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
shirts	O
.	O


He	O
feels	O
that	O
the	O
expression	O
"	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
ugly	O
women	O
,	O
only	O
lazy	O
women	O
"	O
can	O
equally	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
men	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
also	O
encourages	O
his	O
friends	O
to	O
pay	O
more	O
attention	O
to	O
their	O
appearance	O
to	O
give	O
people	O
a	O
better	O
impression	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
been	O
said	O
that	O
"	O
power	O
is	O
the	O
greatest	O
aphrodisiac	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
still	O
true	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
men	O
with	O
status	O
simply	O
neglected	O
their	O
physical	O
appearance	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
's	O
younger	O
generation	O
is	O
n't	O
content	O
with	O
knowing	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
power	O
or	O
ability	O
;	O
young	O
men	O
today	O
care	O
about	O
the	O
impression	O
they	O
make	O
on	O
the	O
outside	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Beauty	O
is	O
an	O
acquired	O
trait	O


Some	O
feel	O
that	O
the	O
arrival	O
of	O
"	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
the	O
peacock	O
"	O
is	O
simply	O
a	O
reflection	O
of	O
the	O
frivolousness	O
of	O
the	O
younger	O
generation	O
.	O


Public	O
commentary	O
was	O
quite	O
reserved	O
on	O
the	O
incident	O
of	O
"	O
Chiao	B-ORG
Tung	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
has	O
no	O
handsome	O
guys	O
"	O
and	O
the	O
subsequent	O
"	O
male	O
beauty	O
pageant	O
"	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
,	O
counters	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Tsai	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ching	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
guidance	O
counseling	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Lungshan	I-ORG
Middle	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
,	O
it	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
young	O
people	O
in	O
whatever	O
era	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
their	O
looks	O
.	O


As	O
she	O
sees	O
it	O
,	O
young	O
people	O
are	O
no	O
more	O
vain	O
now	O
than	O
they	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
that	O
society	O
is	O
more	O
open	O
,	O
and	O
adults	O
are	O
more	O
tolerant	O
.	O


They	O
no	O
longer	O
have	O
a	O
negative	O
,	O
repressive	O
attitude	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
young	O
people	O
are	O
more	O
daring	O
about	O
expressing	O
themselves	O
.	O


Ko	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ming	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
professor	O
of	O
Chinese	B-ORG
at	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
who	O
is	O
in	O
his	O
fifties	B-DATE
,	O
says	O
,	O
"	O
I	O
grew	O
up	O
with	O
compulsory	O
haircuts	O
and	O
school	O
uniforms	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
both	O
boys	O
and	O
girls	O
were	O
required	O
to	O
keep	O
their	O
external	O
appearance	O
"	O
non-provocative	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
new	O
generation	O
has	O
more	O
opportunities	O
to	O
express	O
individuality	O
through	O
appearance	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
youth	O
sub-culture	O
that	O
aims	O
for	O
rebelliousness	O
,	O
dyed	O
hair	O
and	O
pierced	O
ears	O
have	O
become	O
trademarks	O
.	O


Ko	B-PERSON
sees	O
this	O
simply	O
as	O
the	O
diversified	O
choice	O
that	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
a	O
pluralistic	O
society	O
.	O


"	O
There	O
's	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
see	O
it	O
as	O
an	O
indicator	O
of	O
morality	O
.	O
"	O


Chang	B-PERSON
Shao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yu	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
second	O
year	O
medical	O
student	O
at	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
in	O
fact	O
beauty	O
is	O
learned	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
his	O
classmates	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
certain	O
look	O
without	O
really	O
investing	O
too	O
much	O
effort	O
simply	O
because	O
their	O
parents	O
devoted	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
attention	O
to	O
clothes	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
kids	O
from	O
my	O
family	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
have	O
to	O
figure	O
it	O
out	O
for	O
ourselves	O
.	O
"	O


His	O
voice	O
carries	O
a	O
tinge	O
of	O
regret	O
.	O


He	O
and	O
his	O
mother	O
rarely	O
went	O
shopping	O
together	O
or	O
discussed	O
how	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
clothes	O
.	O


Chang	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
takes	O
note	O
of	O
how	O
others	O
dress	O
and	O
of	O
how	O
fashions	O
are	O
matched	O
in	O
store	O
displays	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
point	O
is	O
not	O
for	O
parents	O
to	O
teach	O
their	O
children	O
to	O
be	O
slaves	O
to	O
fashion	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
teach	O
them	O
how	O
to	O
dress	O
with	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
character	O
and	O
beauty	O
.	O


Whether	O
or	O
not	O
you	O
find	O
this	O
behavior	O
among	O
some	O
men	O
acceptable	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
established	O
fact	O
.	O


Tsai	B-PERSON
Shih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ping	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
"	O
pretty	O
boy	O
"	O
from	O
the	O
literary	O
world	O
who	O
is	O
now	O
his	O
40s	B-DATE
,	O
sighs	O
:	O
"	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
era	O
,	O
and	O
men	O
really	O
can	O
make	O
a	O
statement	O
with	O
their	O
bodies	O
.	O


From	O
a	O
certain	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
I	O
believe	O
that	O
many	O
men	O
around	O
my	O
age	O
feel	O
very	O
jealous	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
loss	O
,	O
when	O
we	O
see	O
young	O
guys	O
with	O
their	O
personalized	O
photo	O
albums	O
and	O
their	O
dressing	O
up	O
.	O
"	O


Dress	O
for	O
success	O
?	O


There	O
is	O
more	O
at	O
work	O
here	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
than	O
just	O
looking	O
good	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
men	O
now	O
feel	O
,	O
as	O
many	O
women	O
have	O
long	O
felt	O
,	O
that	O
dressing	O
up	O
is	O
forced	O
on	O
them	O
by	O
society	O
.	O


Wang	B-PERSON
Hao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
in	O
this	O
generation	O
people	O
are	O
increasingly	O
forced	O
into	O
situations	O
in	O
which	O
appearance	O
matters	O
-	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
lecture	O
podium	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
TV	O
camera	O
or	O
the	O
camera	O
lens	O
.	O


People	O
need	O
a	O
greater	O
sense	O
of	O
self	O
-	O
confidence	O
,	O
and	O
feel	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
uncomfortable	O
with	O
their	O
bodies	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
strive	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
to	O
recover	O
lost	O
confidence	O
by	O
enhancing	O
their	O
external	O
appearance	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
looks	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
dress	O
well	O
,	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
even	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
job	O
as	O
a	O
clerk	O
in	O
a	O
clothing	O
store	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
ranked	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
lowest	O
status	O
job	O
categories	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Ta	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
.	O


Go	O
to	O
a	O
clothing	O
store	O
and	O
check	O
it	O
out	O
for	O
yourself	O
-	O


you	O
wo	O
n't	O
find	O
any	O
ugly	O
guys	O
working	O
there	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
discrimination	O
in	O
our	O
society	O
based	O
on	O
appearance	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
young	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
look	O
better	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
seems	O
the	O
attitudes	O
of	O
the	O
kids	O
are	O
affecting	O
their	O
elders	O
at	O
home	O
.	O


Besides	O
supporting	O
their	O
families	O
,	O
guys	O
in	O
their	O
40s	B-DATE
are	O
also	O
starting	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
whether	O
they	O
are	O
looking	O
old	O
,	O
and	O
whether	O
their	O
beer	O
-	O
guts	O
are	O
starting	O
to	O
show	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
too	O
are	O
joining	O
the	O
ranks	O
of	O
those	O
seeking	O
cosmetic	O
surgery	O
and	O
skin	O
care	O
treatments	O
.	O


Men	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Uno	I-ORG
had	O
one	B-CARDINAL
article	O
which	O
said	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
Western	B-NORP
guys	O
lived	O
for	O
sun	O
,	O
sea	O
,	O
and	O
sex	O
.	O


These	O
days	O
,	O
they	O
think	O
about	O
how	O
the	O
sun	O
causes	O
skin	O
cancer	O
,	O
the	O
sea	O
is	O
filled	O
with	O
oil	O
spills	O
,	O
and	O
sex	O
can	O
be	O
fatal	O
.	O


Thus	O
a	O
beautiful	O
body	O
,	O
appropriate	O
diet	O
,	O
and	O
healthy	O
recreation	O
have	O
become	O
the	O
new	O
pursuits	O
.	O


Part	O
of	O
the	O
reason	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
men	O
seek	O
better	O
looks	O
is	O
also	O
health	O
,	O
with	O
health	O
now	O
encompassing	O
the	O
realm	O
of	O
skin	O
care	O
and	O
looks	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Ning	B-PERSON
Yin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
suggests	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
hard	O
to	O
generalize	O
about	O
which	O
group	O
or	O
groups	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
beauty	O
-	O
loving	O
set	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
points	O
to	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
even	O
politicians	O
are	O
playing	O
this	O
game	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
visual	O
age	O
,	O
politics	O
is	O
closely	O
tied	O
in	O
with	O
performance	O
.	O


Male	O
politicians	O
are	O
careful	O
about	O
their	O
appearance	O
and	O
attire	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
male	O
beauty	O
salons	O
,	O
skin	O
care	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
cosmetic	O
surgery	O
,	O
these	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
men	O
can	O
also	O
win	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
strangers	O
just	O
from	O
their	O
external	O
appearance	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yun	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
often	O
helps	O
politicians	O
with	O
their	O
images	O
,	O
says	O
frankly	O
that	O
many	O
politicos	O
come	O
to	O
have	O
their	O
wrinkles	O
and	O
the	O
bags	O
under	O
their	O
eyes	O
removed	O
before	O
they	O
go	O
for	O
photo	O
sessions	O
.	O


And	O
many	O
government	O
officials	O
who	O
often	O
appear	O
on	O
TV	O
have	O
been	O
patients	O
in	O
her	O
cosmetic	O
surgery	O
clinic	O
.	O


The	O
book	O
,	O
Dear	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
I	I-WORK_OF_ART
Want	I-WORK_OF_ART
You	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
Look	I-WORK_OF_ART
Good	I-WORK_OF_ART
For	I-WORK_OF_ART
Me	I-WORK_OF_ART
is	O
billing	O
itself	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
book	O
of	O
sartorial	O
philosophy	O
against	O
which	O
men	O
can	O
measure	O
themselves	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
book	O
declares	O
that	O
as	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
moves	O
toward	O
internationalization	O
,	O
men	O
are	O
constantly	O
required	O
to	O
appear	O
in	O
public	O
places	O
or	O
at	O
social	O
gatherings	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
dressing	O
up	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
a	O
monopoly	O
of	O
women	O
.	O


Playboys	O
,	O
not	O
chauvinists	O


The	O
rapidity	O
with	O
which	O
ideas	O
and	O
fads	O
spread	O
in	O
a	O
wealthy	O
information	O
society	O
means	O
that	O
a	O
love	O
of	O
beauty	O
is	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
one	O
gender	O
,	O
and	O
body	O
-	O
sculpting	O
does	O
not	O
distinguish	O
between	O
young	O
and	O
old	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
survey	O
by	O
Tung	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
gender	O
/	O
age	O
cohort	O
most	O
concerned	O
about	O
comparisons	O
between	O
their	O
bodies	O
and	O
others	O
'	O
is	O
men	O
aged	O
60	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
above	I-DATE
.	O


They	O
ranked	O
higher	O
than	O
women	O
or	O
any	O
other	O
age	O
group	O
of	O
men	O
on	O
"	O
willingness	O
to	O
pay	O
money	O
to	O
preserve	O
or	O
enhance	O
physique	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
attention	O
devoted	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
physique	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
Foundation	B-ORG
's	O
suggested	O
explanation	O
is	O
that	O
these	O
men	O
were	O
focused	O
on	O
their	O
careers	O
when	O
they	O
were	O
younger	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
only	O
turning	O
their	O
attention	O
to	O
their	O
appearance	O
as	O
they	O
get	O
older	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
generation	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
strikes	O
a	O
balance	O
between	O
career	O
and	O
appearance	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
necessarily	O
a	O
bad	O
thing	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
eyes	O
of	O
feminists	O
,	O
the	O
arrival	O
of	O
the	O
era	O
of	O
male	O
preening	O
has	O
added	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
interesting	O
possibilities	O
to	O
the	O
game	O
of	O
mutual	O
admiration	O
between	O
the	O
sexes	O
.	O


But	O
besides	O
lustful	O
appreciation	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
deeper	O
question	O
:	O


Do	O
the	O
"	O
peacocks	O
"	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
influenced	O
in	O
part	O
by	O
feminist	O
consciousness	O
"	O
have	O
any	O
different	O
ideas	O
or	O
make	O
any	O
adjustments	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
their	O
roles	O
in	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
sexes	O
?	O
"	O


Not	O
necessarily	O
,	O
it	O
appears	O
.	O


He	B-PERSON
Tu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lin	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
staunch	O
advocate	O
of	O
male	O
body	O
autonomy	O
,	O
did	O
an	O
advertisement	O
once	O
for	O
jewelry	O
for	O
men	O
.	O


Beneath	O
the	O
soft	O
face	O
was	O
a	O
body	O
of	O
primitive	O
,	O
raw	O
male	O
muscle	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
idea	O
being	O
that	O
jewelry	O
makes	O
a	O
man	O
even	O
sexier	O
.	O


The	O
ad	O
copy	O
claimed	O
that	O
jewelry	O
would	O
attract	O
women	O
and	O
make	O
them	O
"	O
willing	O
to	O
accept	O
your	O
rules	O
.	O
"	O


Wang	B-PERSON
Hao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
has	O
asked	O
flashy	O
"	O
pretty	O
boys	O
"	O
how	O
they	O
cope	O
if	O
their	O
girlfriends	O
wo	O
n't	O
listen	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Often	O
the	O
case	O
is	O
,	O
"	O
I	O
give	O
her	O
a	O
good	O
slap	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
.	O
"	O


Despite	O
such	O
anecdotal	O
evidence	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
hopes	O
that	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
positives	O
from	O
the	O
new	O
male	O
fashion	O
sense	O
.	O


Ning	B-PERSON
Yin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
assumes	O
that	O
as	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
compete	O
in	O
corporeal	O
beauty	O
,	O
some	O
balance	O
will	O
be	O
reached	O
,	O
without	O
going	O
to	O
extremes	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yun	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
often	O
expressed	O
in	O
writing	O
her	O
conviction	O
that	O
people	O
should	O
n't	O
go	O
for	O
cosmetic	O
surgery	O
unless	O
they	O
have	O
little	O
choice	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
advantage	O
of	O
men	O
entering	O
the	O
ranks	O
of	O
cosmetic	O
surgery	O
patients	O
is	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
more	O
supervision	O
of	O
the	O
industry	O
;	O
women	O
who	O
go	O
for	O
plastic	O
surgery	O
accompanied	O
by	O
husbands	O
or	O
boyfriends	O
usually	O
get	O
better	O
results	O
.	O


Liu	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
spends	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
time	O
dressing	O
and	O
making	O
up	O
,	O
has	O
come	O
to	O
feel	O
deeply	O
the	O
trouble	O
women	O
go	O
through	O
in	O
their	O
pursuit	O
of	O
beauty	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
,	O
when	O
more	O
men	O
can	O
feel	O
the	O
sentiment	O
that	O
women	O
have	O
known	O
for	O
millennia	O
of	O
"	O
dressing	O
up	O
to	O
please	O
others	O
,	O
"	O
gender	O
relations	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
little	O
more	O
harmonious	O
.	O


Everyday	O
People	O
and	O
A	O
Story	O
of	O
True	O
Grit	O
--	O


The	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Family	O
of	O
Taihsi	B-GPE


-LRB-	O
Laura	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
David	B-PERSON
Mayer	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


They	O
say	O
a	O
rising	O
tide	O
lifts	O
all	O
boats	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
would	O
know	O
more	O
about	O
that	O
than	O
the	O
older	O
generation	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
changes	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
decades	I-DATE
have	O
had	O
a	O
deep	O
impact	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
Wu	B-PERSON
family	O
of	O
Yunlin	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
.	O


Their	O
main	O
claim	O
to	O
fame	O
is	O
...	O
nothing	O
,	O
actually	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
precisely	O
why	O
their	O
story	O
typifies	O
the	O
experiences	O
of	O
so	O
many	O
.	O


So	O
lend	O
your	O
attention	O
,	O
dear	O
reader	O
,	O
as	O
we	O
recount	O
the	O
ups	O
and	O
downs	O
of	O
an	O
average	O
family	O
from	O
a	O
quiet	O
little	O
backwater	O
called	O
Taihsi	B-GPE
Township	I-GPE
.	O


Wu	B-PERSON
Tsung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
older	O
sister	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
meet	O
me	O
at	O
the	O
train	O
station	O
in	O
Touliu	B-GPE
,	O
administrative	O
seat	O
of	O
Yunlin	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
.	O


We	O
pile	O
into	O
a	O
car	O
and	O
head	O
toward	O
their	O
parents	O
'	O
home	O
.	O


Wu	B-PERSON
Tsung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
fills	O
me	O
in	O
on	O
his	O
hometown	O
.	O


"	O
Taihsi	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
rather	O
unusual	O
place	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Tsung	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
family	O
's	O
oldest	O
grandson	O
and	O
a	O
doctoral	O
candidate	O
in	O
sociology	O
at	O
Tunghai	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
in	O
Taichung	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
When	O
I	O
read	O
the	O
studies	O
that	O
describe	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
as	O
being	O
so	O
prosperous	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
wonder	O
how	O
their	O
descriptions	O
could	O
be	O
so	O
totally	O
different	O
from	O
what	O
our	O
lives	O
have	O
been	O
.	O


They	O
might	O
as	O
well	O
be	O
talking	O
about	O
a	O
different	O
planet	O
.	O
"	O


Probably	O
most	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
realize	O
,	O
adds	O
Tsung	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
,	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
still	O
places	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
as	O
backward	O
as	O
Taihsi	B-GPE
.	O


To	O
the	O
outsider	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
place	O
does	O
n't	O
look	O
backward	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


As	O
Tsung	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
drives	O
west	O
in	O
a	O
very	O
nice	O
Toyota	B-PRODUCT
at	O
a	O
comfortable	O
speed	O
down	O
a	O
broad	O
county	O
highway	O
,	O
his	O
older	O
sister	O
sits	O
in	O
the	O
front	O
passenger	O
seat	O
with	O
cell	O
phone	O
in	O
hand	O
discussing	O
the	O
traffic	O
situation	O
with	O
someone	O
at	O
home	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
Tsung	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	O
old	O
nephew	O
clamors	O
from	O
the	O
back	O
seat	O
for	O
his	O
mother	O
to	O
buy	O
him	O
a	O
Pokemon	B-ORG
plaything	O
,	O
just	O
like	O
kids	O
the	O
world	O
over	O
are	O
doing	O
these	O
days	O
.	O


When	O
McDonald	B-ORG
's	O
stores	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
were	O
swamped	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
during	O
a	O
giveaway	O
of	O
Hello	B-ORG
Kitty	I-ORG
dolls	O
,	O
lots	O
of	O
people	O
thought	O
they	O
might	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
beat	O
the	O
crowds	O
by	O
hitting	O
McDonald	B-ORG
's	O
in	O
supposedly	O
untrendy	O
Taihsi	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
they	O
found	O
the	O
lines	O
there	O
every	O
bit	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
in	O
more	O
urban	O
locations	O
.	O


The	O
emperor	O
is	O
far	O
away	O


The	O
scenery	O
grows	O
increasingly	O
rural	O
as	O
we	O
move	O
west	O
through	O
the	O
townships	O
of	O
Huwei	B-GPE
,	O
Tuku	B-GPE
,	O
Paochung	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Tungshih	B-GPE
.	O


Temples	O
tower	O
over	O
green	O
rice	O
fields	O
.	O


Less	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
half	I-TIME
an	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
after	O
leaving	O
the	O
train	O
station	O
we	O
get	O
off	O
the	O
county	O
highway	O
and	O
onto	O
narrow	O
Tungshih	B-FAC
East	I-FAC
Road	I-FAC
.	O


When	O
we	O
reach	O
our	O
destination	O
in	O
rural	O
Taihsi	B-GPE
Township	I-GPE
,	O
a	O
few	O
dozen	O
buildings	O
of	O
modern	O
ferroconcrete	O
construction	O
line	O
the	O
road	O
,	O
and	O
shops	O
of	O
every	O
description	O
occupy	O
the	O
ground	O
floor	O
of	O
each	O
one	O
.	O


Wu	B-PERSON
Tsung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
parents	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
pushing	O
60	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
run	O
a	O
local	O
bakery	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
greet	O
us	O
with	O
the	O
wide	O
smiles	O
and	O
warm	O
hospitality	O
so	O
typical	O
of	O
haikou	O
-LRB-	O
as	O
the	O
locals	O
are	O
accustomed	O
to	O
calling	O
Taihsi	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
surrounding	O
townships	O
near	O
the	O
coast	O
in	O
western	O
Yunlin	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
speak	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
with	O
an	O
unmistakable	O
haikou	O
accent	O
.	O


To	O
welcome	O
their	O
guest	O
they	O
have	O
ordered	O
a	O
big	O
seafood	O
meal	O
in	O
advance	O
.	O


Tsung	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
grandmother	O
,	O
parents	O
,	O
uncles	O
,	O
aunts	O
,	O
cousins	O
,	O
nephews	O
,	O
and	O
nieces	O
have	O
all	O
come	O
in	O
from	O
around	O
haikou	O
for	O
the	O
gathering	O
.	O


The	O
strength	O
of	O
the	O
Wu	B-PERSON
clan	O
's	O
family	O
ties	O
is	O
plainly	O
evident	O
.	O


These	O
people	O
go	O
back	O
for	O
generations	O
here	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
destruction	O
of	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
to	O
the	O
mixed	O
joy	O
and	O
grief	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
post-war	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
from	O
the	O
barest	O
of	O
rural	O
hamlets	O
to	O
a	O
prosperous	O
little	O
town	O
,	O
this	O
family	O
has	O
seen	O
it	O
all	O
.	O


84	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	O
old	O
grandma	O
Wu	B-PERSON
is	O
not	O
as	O
sharp	O
as	O
she	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
can	O
still	O
rattle	O
off	O
a	O
tale	O
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
indignities	O
suffered	O
back	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1940s	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
remain	O
indelibly	O
etched	O
in	O
her	O
memory	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
latter	O
part	O
of	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
when	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
tied	O
her	O
hands	O
behind	O
her	O
back	O
and	O
marched	O
her	O
off	O
to	O
do	O
forced	O
labor	O
for	O
over	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
building	O
roads	O
,	O
digging	O
ditches	O
,	O
and	O
carrying	O
a	O
shoulder	O
pole	O
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
indignity	O
was	O
the	O
onerous	O
taxes	O
that	O
were	O
levied	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
returned	O
to	O
Chinese	B-NORP
rule	O
.	O


"	O
We	O
had	O
to	O
pay	O
taxes	O
twice	O
a	O
year	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
grandma	O
Wu	B-PERSON
,	O
flashing	O
a	O
mouthful	O
of	O
dental	O
work	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
was	O
for	O
water	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
was	O
for	O
land	O
.	O


It	O
did	O
n't	O
matter	O
whether	O
you	O
even	O
had	O
a	O
crop	O
to	O
harvest	O
or	O
not	O
-	O
you	O
had	O
to	O
pay	O
,	O
or	O
they	O
'd	O
throw	O
you	O
in	O
jail	O
.	O
"	O


She	O
explains	O
that	O
one	B-QUANTITY
dou	I-QUANTITY
-LRB-	O
10	B-QUANTITY
liters	I-QUANTITY
-RRB-	O
of	O
rice	O
back	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1940s	I-DATE
was	O
worth	O
five	B-MONEY
or	I-MONEY
six	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
or	O
about	O
four	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
'	O
pay	O
for	O
a	O
manual	O
laborer	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
tax	O
on	O
one	B-QUANTITY
jia	I-QUANTITY
of	O
land	O
-LRB-	O
0.97	B-QUANTITY
hectares	I-QUANTITY
-RRB-	O
was	O
150	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
had	O
to	O
borrow	O
money	O
just	O
to	O
pay	O
their	O
taxes	O
.	O


"	O
It	O
took	O
four	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
to	O
earn	O
one	B-QUANTITY
dou	I-QUANTITY
of	O
rice	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
grandma	O
Wu	B-PERSON
.	O


"	O
We	O
could	O
n't	O
afford	O
to	O
eat	O
it	O
,	O
because	O
we	O
needed	O
it	O
to	O
pay	O
our	O
taxes	O
.	O
"	O


Although	O
the	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
government	O
eventually	O
carried	O
out	O
land	O
reform	O
to	O
provide	O
relief	O
for	O
poor	O
farmers	O
,	O
the	O
Wu	B-PERSON
family	O
never	O
shared	O
in	O
the	O
benefits	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
as	O
poor	O
as	O
their	O
neighbors	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
sure	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
owned	O
land	O
and	O
were	O
thus	O
classified	O
as	O
small	O
landowners	O
,	O
which	O
by	O
definition	O
meant	O
that	O
they	O
neither	O
had	O
any	O
extra	O
land	O
to	O
rent	O
out	O
nor	O
did	O
they	O
rent	O
from	O
others	O
.	O


While	O
many	O
of	O
their	O
neighbors	O
received	O
land	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
reforms	O
,	O
the	O
Wu	B-PERSON
family	O
got	O
nothing	O
.	O


Grandma	O
Wu	B-PERSON
was	O
close	O
to	O
30	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	O
when	O
the	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
recovered	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
from	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
the	O
event	O
meant	O
little	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
for	O
she	O
had	O
never	O
received	O
any	O
schooling	O
.	O


All	O
she	O
remembers	O
is	O
that	O
when	O
the	O
war	O
ended	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
was	O
turned	O
over	O
to	O
"	O
them	O
.	O
"	O


With	O
a	O
grin	O
,	O
grandma	O
Wu	B-PERSON
throws	O
up	O
her	O
hands	O
in	O
a	O
gesture	O
of	O
helplessness	O
and	O
quips	O
,	O
"	O
When	O
the	O
colonial	O
government	O
spoke	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
understand	O
their	O
Japanese	B-NORP
.	O


When	O
the	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
speaks	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
their	O
Mandarin	B-LANGUAGE
either	O
.	O
"	O


"	O
There	O
's	O
no	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
government	O
and	O
the	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
,	O
"	O
says	O
Grandma	O
Wu	B-PERSON
.	O


"	O
If	O
something	O
important	O
comes	O
up	O
,	O
they	O
send	O
a	O
local	O
official	O
out	O
to	O
make	O
an	O
announcement	O
and	O
explain	O
what	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
about	O
.	O
"	O


Wu	B-PERSON
Tsung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
adds	O
,	O
"	O
They	O
're	O
totally	O
outside	O
the	O
loop	O
here	O
.	O


You	O
of	O
course	O
know	O
the	O
phrase	O
,	O
'	O
Heaven	O
is	O
high	O
and	O
the	O
emperor	O
is	O
far	O
away	O
.	O
'	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
people	O
like	O
my	O
grandmother	O
who	O
coined	O
it	O
.	O
"	O


Grandma	O
Wu	B-PERSON
was	O
adopted	O
into	O
the	O
Wu	B-PERSON
family	O
at	O
age	O
ten	B-DATE
.	O


Within	O
half	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
both	O
of	O
her	O
adoptive	O
parents	O
died	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
age	O
11	B-DATE
she	O
slipped	O
and	O
fell	O
in	O
the	O
sugar	O
cane	O
fields	O
,	O
poking	O
her	O
left	O
eye	O
out	O
.	O


Orphaned	O
and	O
blind	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
eye	O
,	O
a	O
hard	O
life	O
lay	O
in	O
store	O
for	O
her	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
made	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
a	O
bad	O
situation	O
.	O


With	O
no	O
male	O
siblings	O
to	O
carry	O
on	O
the	O
family	O
line	O
,	O
at	O
age	O
25	B-DATE
she	O
managed	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
husband	O
who	O
was	O
willing	O
to	O
let	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
male	O
child	O
take	O
the	O
Wu	B-PERSON
surname	O
.	O


The	O
children	O
came	O
rapidly	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
never	O
any	O
money	O
to	O
spare	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
clear	O
that	O
she	O
does	O
live	O
reasonably	O
well	O
now	O
.	O


When	O
did	O
survival	O
cease	O
to	O
be	O
such	O
a	O
struggle	O
?	O


Grandma	O
Wu	B-PERSON
remembers	O
quite	O
clearly	O
when	O
the	O
turning	O
point	O
came	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
her	O
oldest	O
grandchild	O
was	O
already	O
a	O
teenager	O
,	O
that	O
business	O
gradually	O
started	O
going	O
better	O
for	O
her	O
three	B-CARDINAL
sons	O
.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
brothers	O
got	O
together	O
and	O
decided	O
that	O
they	O
should	O
each	O
give	O
her	O
NT$	B-MONEY
2,000	I-MONEY
every	O
month	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
her	O
life	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
relax	O
a	O
bit	O
,	O
then	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
the	O
government	O
started	O
providing	O
a	O
monthly	O
pension	O
of	O
NT$	B-MONEY
3,000	I-MONEY
.	O


This	O
was	O
enough	O
to	O
cover	O
meals	O
,	O
and	O
her	O
life	O
improved	O
even	O
more	O
.	O


Grandma	O
Wu	B-PERSON
now	O
lives	O
together	O
with	O
several	O
other	O
old	O
folks	O
very	O
near	O
the	O
coast	O
in	O
the	O
old	O
traditional	O
farmhouse	O
where	O
she	O
grew	O
up	O
.	O


Her	O
main	O
worry	O
these	O
days	O
is	O
her	O
granddaughter	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
who	O
is	O
in	O
her	O
30s	B-DATE
and	O
still	O
unmarried	O
.	O


"	O
Her	O
father	O
got	O
married	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
22	B-DATE
.	O


How	O
can	O
a	O
girl	O
be	O
putting	O
things	O
off	O
?	O
"	O


13	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	O
old	O
construction	O
worker	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
hard	O
work	O
has	O
gone	O
into	O
the	O
comfortable	O
life	O
Grandma	O
Wu	B-PERSON
enjoys	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Her	O
eldest	O
son	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
recounts	O
that	O
after	O
he	O
graduated	O
from	O
sixth	B-ORDINAL
grade	O
in	O
1954	B-DATE
his	O
family	O
was	O
too	O
poor	O
to	O
let	O
him	O
go	O
any	O
further	O
in	O
school	O
,	O
so	O
at	O
age	O
13	B-DATE
he	O
took	O
off	O
with	O
an	O
older	O
boy	O
on	O
the	O
slow	O
train	O
for	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


Without	O
pausing	O
to	O
take	O
in	O
the	O
sights	O
of	O
the	O
big	O
city	O
,	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
went	O
straight	O
to	O
work	O
at	O
a	O
construction	O
site	O
,	O
where	O
he	O
carried	O
a	O
shoulder	O
pole	O
and	O
mixed	O
cement	O
.	O


Buildings	O
were	O
going	O
up	O
everywhere	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
mid-1950s	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
city	O
was	O
bursting	O
with	O
opportunities	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
says	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
I	O
only	O
had	O
a	O
grade	O
-	O
school	O
education	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
what	O
it	O
took	O
to	O
think	O
about	O
a	O
career	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
just	O
wanted	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
and	O
help	O
my	O
family	O
work	O
the	O
fields	O
.	O
"	O


After	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
he	O
went	O
back	O
home	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
area	O
was	O
getting	O
electric	O
power	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
.	O


The	O
bright	O
lights	O
at	O
night	O
got	O
some	O
people	O
so	O
excited	O
at	O
first	B-ORDINAL
that	O
they	O
could	O
n't	O
get	O
to	O
sleep	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
back	O
then	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
world	O
s	O
biggest	O
producers	O
of	O
sugar	O
cane	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
harvest	O
was	O
extremely	O
difficult	O
work	O
,	O
as	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
is	O
painfully	O
aware	O
.	O


Once	O
he	O
came	O
very	O
close	O
to	O
cutting	O
a	O
finger	O
clean	O
off	O
with	O
a	O
sickle	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
just	O
slapped	O
some	O
cement	O
mix	O
-LRB-	O
commonly	O
regarded	O
as	O
a	O
good	O
disinfectant	O
-RRB-	O
on	O
the	O
wound	O
and	O
worked	O
on	O
through	O
the	O
pain	O
.	O


United	O
we	O
stand	O


Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
joined	O
the	O
army	O
at	O
age	O
20	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
during	O
his	O
stint	O
he	O
made	O
friends	O
with	O
someone	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
making	O
a	O
living	O
as	O
a	O
baker	O
.	O


Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
began	O
to	O
realize	O
that	O
selling	O
his	O
manual	O
labor	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
viable	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
option	O
.	O


He	O
decided	O
to	O
open	O
a	O
bakery	O
.	O


After	O
receiving	O
his	O
discharge	O
he	O
borrowed	O
NT$	B-MONEY
12,000	I-MONEY
from	O
his	O
father	O
,	O
hired	O
a	O
baker	O
,	O
and	O
opened	O
up	O
a	O
store	O
.	O


He	O
himself	O
rode	O
around	O
on	O
a	O
motorcycle	O
all	O
day	O
selling	O
beverages	O
and	O
baked	O
goods	O
.	O


His	O
capital	O
ran	O
out	O
before	O
he	O
expected	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
ask	O
for	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
loan	O
from	O
his	O
father	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
to	O
get	O
his	O
business	O
off	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


A	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
his	O
younger	O
brother	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Jui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ting	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
as	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
son	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
given	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
surname	O
-RRB-	O
got	O
married	O
and	O
followed	O
in	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
footsteps	O
by	O
selling	O
baked	O
goods	O
and	O
beverages	O
.	O


To	O
avoid	O
competing	O
with	O
his	O
brother	O
,	O
Jui	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ting	I-PERSON
opened	O
up	O
his	O
store	O
over	O
ten	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
north	O
in	O
Mailiao	B-GPE
Township	I-GPE
.	O


Jui	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ting	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
in	O
his	O
youth	O
always	O
wore	O
hand	O
-	O
me	O
-	O
downs	O
and	O
crude	O
garments	O
fashioned	O
from	O
throwaway	O
rice	O
sacks	O
and	O
the	O
like	O
,	O
never	O
put	O
on	O
his	O
own	O
set	O
of	O
store	O
-	O
bought	O
clothes	O
until	O
just	O
prior	O
to	O
joining	O
the	O
army	O
.	O


Who	O
would	O
have	O
guessed	O
he	O
would	O
one	B-DATE
day	O
become	O
the	O
biggest	O
beverage	O
wholesaler	O
in	O
the	O
Mailiao	B-GPE
area	O
?	O


Having	O
watched	O
his	O
older	O
brothers	O
succeed	O
with	O
their	O
bakery	O
businesses	O
,	O
the	O
youngest	O
brother	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Kuo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lung	I-PERSON
took	O
up	O
the	O
same	O
business	O
in	O
the	O
neighboring	O
township	O
of	O
Szuhu	B-GPE
after	O
finishing	O
his	O
military	O
service	O
.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
brothers	O
have	O
worked	O
together	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
to	O
build	O
up	O
their	O
businesses	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
efficient	O
division	O
of	O
labor	O
has	O
evolved	O
among	O
them	O
.	O


Kuo	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lung	I-PERSON
today	B-DATE
is	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
doing	O
all	O
the	O
baking	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
acts	O
as	O
supplier	O
for	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
and	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Jui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ting	I-PERSON
.	O


"	O
In	O
a	O
rural	O
area	O
like	O
this	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
family	O
members	O
work	O
together	O
,	O
and	O
everybody	O
shares	O
equally	O
in	O
the	O
success	O
.	O
"	O


Not	O
surprisingly	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
seen	O
quarrels	O
arise	O
in	O
other	O
families	O
over	O
who	O
does	O
the	O
most	O
work	O
and	O
who	O
goofs	O
off	O
,	O
who	O
's	O
getting	O
rich	O
and	O
who	O
's	O
not	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
the	O
Wu	B-PERSON
family	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
,	O
harmony	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
success	O
.	O


All	O
three	B-CARDINAL
brothers	O
are	O
hard	O
-	O
working	O
and	O
frugal	O
.	O


Each	O
one	O
married	O
through	O
a	O
matchmaker	O
,	O
and	O
none	O
of	O
them	O
ever	O
had	O
an	O
album	O
of	O
wedding	O
photos	O
made	O
.	O


Asks	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Kuo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lung	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
Why	O
should	O
we	O
work	O
so	O
hard	O
and	O
pinch	O
pennies	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
just	O
to	O
spend	O
our	O
money	O
on	O
something	O
like	O
that	O
?	O
"	O


All	O
three	B-CARDINAL
brothers	O
drive	O
Toyota	B-ORG
Camrys	B-PRODUCT
,	O
purchased	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
dealer	O
.	O


One	O
can	O
gradually	O
save	O
up	O
money	O
by	O
running	O
a	O
small	O
business	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
sure	O
,	O
but	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
states	O
frankly	O
,	O
"	O
Land	O
is	O
where	O
the	O
real	O
money	O
is	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
get	O
by	O
just	O
running	O
a	O
business	O
.	O
"	O


Because	O
his	O
beverage	O
wholesaling	O
business	O
requires	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
space	O
for	O
large	O
warehouses	O
,	O
he	O
borrowed	O
money	O
from	O
friends	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
to	O
buy	O
land	O
.	O


Little	O
did	O
he	O
know	O
when	O
he	O
first	B-ORDINAL
started	O
that	O
what	O
he	O
bought	O
30	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
would	O
go	O
up	O
in	O
price	O
from	O
NT$	B-MONEY
3,000	I-MONEY
per	O
ping	O
-LRB-	O
approximately	B-QUANTITY
3.3	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
-RRB-	O
to	O
over	O
NT$	B-MONEY
100,000	I-MONEY
today	B-DATE
.	O


When	O
you	O
throw	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
farmland	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
divided	O
among	O
the	O
brothers	O
,	O
the	O
Wu	B-PERSON
clan	O
is	O
worth	O
over	O
NT$	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Says	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
Who	O
figured	O
prices	O
would	O
go	O
up	O
like	O
they	O
have	O
?	O


We	O
did	O
n't	O
buy	O
the	O
land	O
as	O
an	O
investment	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
not	O
greedy	O
enough	O
to	O
even	O
think	O
in	O
those	O
terms	O
.	O


We	O
just	O
bought	O
it	O
because	O
we	O
needed	O
it	O
for	O
our	O
business	O
.	O
"	O


Sacrificing	O
for	O
the	O
kids	O


Although	O
they	O
may	O
be	O
loath	O
to	O
spend	O
frivolously	O
on	O
themselves	O
,	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
wife	O
consider	O
money	O
no	O
object	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
their	O
children	O
's	O
education	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
reason	O
we	O
worked	O
so	O
hard	O
around	O
the	O
clock	O
for	O
so	O
many	O
years	O
was	O
because	O
we	O
were	O
afraid	O
that	O
we	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
right	O
by	O
our	O
kids	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
worried	O
that	O
they	O
might	O
fall	O
in	O
with	O
the	O
wrong	O
crowd	O
after	O
they	O
got	O
into	O
junior	O
high	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Mrs.	O
Wu	B-PERSON
,	O
adding	O
that	O
Taihsi	B-GPE
is	O
well	O
known	O
for	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
"	O
lots	O
of	O
dust	O
in	O
the	O
air	O
,	O
lots	O
of	O
yams	O
,	O
and	O
lots	O
of	O
gangsters	O
.	O
"	O


To	O
keep	O
their	O
kids	O
out	O
of	O
trouble	O
they	O
sent	O
all	O
four	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
off	O
to	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
Catholic	B-NORP
boarding	O
school	O
in	O
Touliu	B-GPE
as	O
soon	O
as	O
they	O
reached	O
junior	O
high	O
.	O


Each	O
child	O
spent	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
there	O
-LRB-	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
daughter	O
,	O
who	O
only	O
attended	O
for	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
every	O
weekend	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
parents	O
would	O
pack	O
up	O
lots	O
of	O
goodies	O
and	O
take	O
the	O
bus	O
to	O
see	O
their	O
kids	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
difficult	O
trip	O
,	O
and	O
required	O
several	O
transfers	O
.	O


The	O
total	O
cost	O
of	O
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
tuition	O
plus	O
room	O
and	O
board	O
at	O
the	O
private	O
school	O
came	O
to	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
NT$	I-MONEY
150,000	I-MONEY
per	O
child	O
.	O


With	O
four	B-CARDINAL
kids	O
at	O
the	O
school	O
,	O
the	O
financial	O
burden	O
was	O
substantial	O
,	O
especially	O
considering	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
spending	O
these	O
sums	O
back	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
mid-1980s	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
struggle	O
to	O
pay	O
tuition	O
took	O
every	O
ounce	O
of	O
energy	O
they	O
had	O
.	O


"	O
That	O
's	O
the	O
responsibility	O
you	O
bear	O
as	O
a	O
parent	O
.	O


You	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
your	O
children	O
succeed	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
.	O


Luckily	O
,	O
all	O
four	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
children	O
were	O
good	O
students	O
and	O
had	O
no	O
problem	O
passing	O
their	O
university	O
entrance	O
examinations	O
.	O


In	O
their	O
little	O
hometown	O
,	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Tsung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
siblings	O
are	O
noted	O
for	O
their	O
excellent	O
academic	O
achievements	O
.	O


The	O
result	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
bit	O
comical	O
in	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
respect	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
eldest	O
daughter	O
was	O
so	O
strictly	O
observant	O
of	O
the	O
prohibition	O
against	O
speaking	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
in	O
school	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
rule	O
formerly	O
enforced	O
throughout	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
that	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
even	O
speak	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
very	O
well	O
any	O
more	O
.	O


After	O
graduating	O
from	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
Normal	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
she	O
came	O
back	O
to	O
Yunlin	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
to	O
teach	O
senior	O
high	O
school	O
in	O
Touliu	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
now	O
she	O
makes	O
people	O
laugh	O
every	O
time	O
she	O
opens	O
her	O
mouth	O
to	O
speak	O
her	O
odd	O
brand	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
.	O


It	O
makes	O
for	O
an	O
amusing	O
contrast	O
with	O
her	O
grandmother	O
,	O
who	O
does	O
n't	O
speak	O
Mandarin	B-LANGUAGE
well	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
view	O
of	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Tsung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
heavy	O
emphasis	O
that	O
rural	O
parents	O
put	O
on	O
education	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
so	O
much	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
getting	O
ahead	O
,	O
but	O
stems	O
mainly	O
from	O
a	O
deep	O
respect	O
for	O
learning	O
.	O


His	O
parents	O
are	O
not	O
interested	O
in	O
his	O
specialty	O
,	O
nor	O
do	O
they	O
know	O
anything	O
about	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
have	O
never	O
objected	O
to	O
his	O
chosen	O
path	O
,	O
nor	O
did	O
they	O
say	O
a	O
word	O
when	O
his	O
younger	O
brother	O
switched	O
his	O
major	O
from	O
business	O
management	O
to	O
sociology	O
.	O


This	O
long	O
leash	O
is	O
all	O
the	O
more	O
impressive	O
in	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
chance	O
that	O
either	O
of	O
these	O
sociology	O
majors	O
will	O
ever	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
living	O
near	O
home	O
-LRB-	O
because	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
major	O
universities	O
or	O
research	O
institutions	O
in	O
Yunlin	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
.	O


"	O
Thinking	O
back	O
on	O
it	O
,	O
I	O
realize	O
that	O
our	O
parents	O
began	O
encouraging	O
us	O
very	O
early	O
to	O
aim	O
high	O
and	O
not	O
feel	O
like	O
we	O
had	O
to	O
stay	O
near	O
home	O
.	O


We	O
all	O
started	O
boarding	O
school	O
at	O
age	O
twelve	B-DATE
and	O
then	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
university	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
we	O
got	O
older	O
,	O
we	O
went	O
back	O
home	O
less	O
and	O
less	O
.	O
"	O


Their	O
studies	O
ended	O
up	O
weakening	O
their	O
ties	O
to	O
their	O
hometown	O
,	O
notes	O
Tsung	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
wistfully	O
.	O


Their	O
parents	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
are	O
doing	O
everything	O
they	O
can	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
easier	O
for	O
the	O
children	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
home	O
if	O
necessary	O
.	O


For	O
starters	O
,	O
they	O
've	O
built	O
a	O
multi-story	O
house	O
with	O
a	O
separate	O
floor	O
set	O
aside	O
for	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
children	O
.	O


Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
explains	O
,	O
"	O
Our	O
two	B-CARDINAL
boys	O
have	O
n't	O
started	O
working	O
or	O
gotten	O
married	O
yet	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
they	O
'll	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
go	O
of	O
it	O
off	O
in	O
some	O
city	O
,	O
but	O
if	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
work	O
out	O
they	O
can	O
always	O
come	O
back	O
and	O
tend	O
the	O
store	O
.	O
"	O


It	O
would	O
probably	O
make	O
better	O
business	O
sense	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
to	O
close	O
the	O
store	O
.	O


People	O
have	O
been	O
moving	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
haikou	O
area	O
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
local	O
economy	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
doldrums	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
only	O
get	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
difficult	O
to	O
make	O
money	O
running	O
an	O
old	O
-	O
fashioned	O
mom	O
and	O
pop	O
store	O
now	O
that	O
a	O
new	O
convenience	O
store	O
has	O
opened	O
up	O
across	O
the	O
street	O
.	O


Even	O
so	O
,	O
the	O
couple	O
is	O
n't	O
yet	O
ready	O
to	O
call	O
it	O
quits	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
for	O
their	O
children	O
's	O
sake	O
that	O
they	O
stay	O
in	O
business	O
.	O


Living	O
next	O
to	O
heavy	O
industry	O


Less	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
ten	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
away	O
in	O
Mailiao	B-GPE
stands	O
the	B-ORG
Formosa	I-ORG
Plastic	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
sixth	B-ORDINAL
naphtha	O
cracker	O
complex	O
.	O


Tsai	B-PERSON
Jui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ting	I-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
even	O
though	O
Formosa	B-ORG
Plastics	I-ORG
uses	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
foreign	O
laborers	O
from	O
southeast	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
the	O
complex	O
has	O
also	O
hired	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
local	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
the	O
plant	O
went	O
into	O
operation	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
see	O
so	O
many	O
young	O
people	O
hanging	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
's	O
small	O
towns	O
with	O
nothing	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Even	O
though	O
the	O
seawall	O
built	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
plant	O
has	O
blocked	O
people	O
's	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
sea	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
worries	O
about	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
mercury	O
pollution	O
in	O
the	O
soil	O
,	O
the	O
extra	O
employment	O
has	O
won	O
the	O
plant	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
local	O
support	O
.	O


Says	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
I	O
always	O
say	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
work	O
,	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
food	O
on	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
go	O
around	O
complaining	O
about	O
the	O
pay	O
being	O
too	O
low	O
.	O


It	O
used	O
to	O
take	O
four	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
to	O
earn	O
one	B-QUANTITY
dou	I-QUANTITY
of	O
rice	O
.	O


Now	O
you	O
can	O
earn	O
over	O
ten	B-QUANTITY
dou	I-QUANTITY
in	O
just	O
one	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


If	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
enough	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
might	O
as	O
well	O
go	O
starve	O
to	O
death	O
.	O
"	O


Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
younger	O
brothers	O
do	O
n't	O
expect	O
a	O
lot	O
from	O
the	O
government	O
.	O


At	O
most	O
,	O
they	O
express	O
nostalgia	O
for	O
the	O
days	O
when	O
former	O
general	O
Hau	B-PERSON
Pei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tsun	I-PERSON
served	O
as	O
premier	O
,	O
because	O
"	O
they	O
arrested	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
criminals	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
charge	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
that	O
really	O
irks	O
them	O
now	O
is	O
national	O
health	O
insurance	O
.	O


"	O
When	O
you	O
run	O
your	O
own	O
business	O
like	O
we	O
do	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
youngest	O
brother	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Kuo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lung	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
like	O
ours	O
has	O
to	O
pay	O
over	O
NT$	O
60,000	B-MONEY
per	O
year	O
in	O
premiums	O
for	O
national	O
health	O
insurance	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
more	O
expensive	O
than	O
labor	O
insurance	O
or	O
farmer	O
's	O
insurance	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
he	O
adds	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
major	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Yunlin	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
so	O
if	O
you	O
get	O
sick	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
go	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
county	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
that	O
,	O
says	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
deductible	O
for	O
medicine	O
was	O
jacked	O
up	O
"	O
ridiculously	O
high	O
"	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
everyone	O
is	O
complaining	O
bitterly	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


Hoping	O
for	O
more	O
democracy	O


When	O
the	O
subject	O
turns	O
to	O
politics	O
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
independence	O
,	O
the	O
normally	O
outspoken	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
suddenly	O
grows	O
cautious	O
.	O


"	O
It	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
who	O
wins	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
all	O
good	O
candidates	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
just	O
have	O
to	O
wait	O
and	O
see	O
.	O
"	O


Wu	B-PERSON
Tsung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
understands	O
the	O
reasons	O
for	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
reticence	O
quite	O
well	O
.	O


Yunlin	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
politics	O
are	O
riddled	O
with	O
factionalism	O
and	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
organized	O
crime	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
can	O
find	O
ample	O
proof	O
here	O
that	O
all	O
politics	O
are	O
indeed	O
local	O
.	O


With	O
over	O
40	B-CARDINAL
voters	O
in	O
the	O
extended	O
family	O
,	O
the	O
Wu	B-PERSON
clan	O
is	O
a	O
plum	O
of	O
a	O
voting	O
block	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
local	O
factions	O
eagerly	O
woo	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
gotten	O
deeply	O
involved	O
in	O
politics	O
and	O
taken	O
to	O
the	O
streets	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
certain	O
candidates	O
.	O


Over	O
the	O
years	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
learned	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
best	O
to	O
avoid	O
offending	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
now	O
plays	O
his	O
cards	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
vest	O
.	O


Wu	B-PERSON
Tsung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
explains	O
that	O
local	O
politics	O
in	O
the	O
haikou	O
area	O
are	O
linked	O
only	O
tenuously	O
to	O
what	O
goes	O
on	O
in	O
distant	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
democracy	O
has	O
n't	O
made	O
much	O
headway	O
here	O
.	O


The	O
locals	O
are	O
most	O
concerned	O
about	O
what	O
public	O
figure	O
"	O
gives	O
people	O
face	O
"	O
by	O
showing	O
up	O
at	O
weddings	O
and	O
funerals	O
,	O
and	O
who	O
has	O
close	O
personal	O
ties	O
with	O
whom	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
more	O
,	O
vote	O
buying	O
is	O
accepted	O
with	O
breezy	O
indifference	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
the	O
normal	O
thing	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
says	O
Tsung	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
,	O
local	O
politics	O
probably	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
so	O
dirty	O
once	O
the	O
younger	O
generation	O
becomes	O
more	O
influential	O
.	O


Fifty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
struggle	O
have	O
brought	O
prosperity	O
to	O
our	O
island	O
.	O


Will	O
it	O
take	O
another	B-DATE
fifty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
establish	O
a	O
mature	O
democracy	O
?	O


As	O
Tsung	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
drives	O
down	O
the	O
road	O
,	O
holding	O
forth	O
on	O
politics	O
and	O
society	O
,	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
help	O
feeling	O
all	O
of	O
a	O
sudden	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
every	O
reason	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
confident	O
about	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


p.	O
99	B-CARDINAL


84	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	O
old	O
grandma	O
Wu	B-PERSON
puts	O
an	O
arm	O
around	O
her	O
great	O
-	O
grandson	O
and	O
great	O
-	O
granddaughter	O
.	O


From	O
right	O
to	O
left	O
are	O
her	O
sons	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
and	O
his	O
wife	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Jui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ting	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Kuo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lung	I-PERSON
.	O


Throw	O
in	O
the	O
grandchildren	O
and	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
four	B-CARDINAL
generations	O
gathered	O
at	O
grandma	O
Wu	B-PERSON
's	O
traditional	O
farmhouse	O
right	O
near	O
the	O
seacoast	O
in	O
Taihsi	B-GPE
Township	I-GPE
.	O


p.	O
100	B-CARDINAL


The	O
Wu	B-PERSON
family	O
's	O
bakery	O
business	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
steady	O
money	O
earner	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
and	O
has	O
provided	O
a	O
comfortable	O
living	O
.	O


Wu	B-PERSON
Tsung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
parents	O
are	O
shown	O
here	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
shop	O
.	O


p.	O
101	B-CARDINAL


4	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
H	I-ORG
Clubs	I-ORG
were	O
once	O
very	O
popular	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
girl	O
at	O
second	B-ORDINAL
from	O
the	O
right	O
in	O
the	O
front	O
is	O
today	B-DATE
the	O
wife	O
of	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lo	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
102	B-CARDINAL


The	O
haikou	O
area	O
is	O
known	O
for	O
lots	O
of	O
sandy	O
wind	O
blowing	O
in	O
from	O
the	O
seashore	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
big	O
yam	O
crop	O
grown	O
here	O
.	O


The	O
area	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
big	O
producer	O
of	O
oysters	O
.	O


The	O
empty	O
shells	O
piled	O
here	O
along	O
the	O
roadside	O
fill	O
the	O
air	O
with	O
their	O
briny	O
aroma	O
.	O


p.	O
103	B-CARDINAL


Not	O
a	O
whole	O
lot	O
of	O
traffic	O
moves	O
along	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
Taihsi	B-GPE
Township	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
slow	O
-	O
paced	O
small	O
town	O
atmosphere	O
lingers	O
in	O
the	O
mind	O
long	O
after	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
Taihsi	B-GPE
has	O
ended	O
.	O


p.	O
104	B-CARDINAL


Eldest	O
grandson	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Tsung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
is	O
working	O
on	O
a	O
doctorate	O
in	O
sociology	O
.	O


This	O
visit	O
has	O
spurred	O
grandma	O
Wu	B-PERSON
to	O
tell	O
lots	O
of	O
stories	O
he	O
's	O
never	O
heard	O
before	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
takes	O
a	O
close	O
interest	O
in	O
her	O
tales	O
.	O


"	O
At	O
the	O
End	O
of	O
Rainbows	O
"	O
Looking	O
for	O
Palauan	B-NORP
Pots	O
of	O
Gold	O


"	O
From	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
Palau	B-GPE
is	O
like	O
a	O
freshly	O
opened	O
oyster	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
first	B-ORDINAL
see	O
the	O
shining	O
pearl	O
.	O
"	O


So	O
declares	O
Gennie	B-PERSON
Yen	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
Office	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Palau	I-ORG
Visitors	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
.	O


To	O
be	O
sure	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
and	O
Palau	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
December	I-DATE
29	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
island	O
has	O
received	O
considerable	O
media	O
attention	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
visitors	O
to	O
Palau	B-GPE
in	O
January	B-DATE
was	O
double	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
January	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
March	B-DATE
,	O
foreign	O
minister	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jen	I-PERSON
led	O
a	O
delegation	O
to	O
Palau	B-GPE
which	O
included	O
government	O
officials	O
,	O
private	O
sector	O
business	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
representatives	O
of	O
the	O
mass	O
media	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Taipei	B-GPE
office	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Palau	I-ORG
Visitors	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
formally	O
opened	O
its	O
doors	O
.	O


This	O
"	O
Palau	B-GPE
fever	O
"	O
has	O
also	O
infected	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
business	O
people	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
always	O
"	O
susceptible	O
"	O
to	O
new	O
opportunities	O
.	O


Building	O
on	O
the	O
foundation	O
of	O
formal	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
,	O
many	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
firms	O
are	O
anxious	O
to	O
try	O
their	O
hand	O
and	O
to	O
explore	O
Palau	B-GPE
's	O
investment	O
environment	O
.	O


A	O
guidebook	O
describes	O
this	O
beautiful	O
archipelago	O
nation	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
South	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
as	O
being	O
"	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
rainbows	O
.	O
"	O


Though	O
this	O
may	O
seem	O
far	O
,	O
far	O
away	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
Palau	B-GPE
is	O
geographically	O
the	O
closest	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
of	O
all	O
the	O
countries	O
with	O
which	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
has	O
formal	O
diplomatic	O
ties	O
.	O


A	O
direct	O
flight	O
takes	O
only	O
three	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
and	I-TIME
-	I-TIME
a	I-TIME
-	I-TIME
half	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


Perhaps	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
,	O
there	O
are	O
rather	O
more	O
immediate	O
implications	O
to	O
"	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
rainbows	O
.	O
"	O


This	O
unfamiliar	O
and	O
exotic	O
land	O
is	O
a	O
virgin	O
territory	O
of	O
commercial	O
opportunities	O
for	O
tourism	O
,	O
trade	O
and	O
investment	O
.	O


Jewels	O
in	O
the	O
Pacific	B-LOC


Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
Palau	B-GPE
share	O
much	O
more	O
in	O
common	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
culture	O
and	O
historical	O
position	O
than	O
most	O
people	O
realize	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
of	O
Palau	B-GPE
are	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
ethnic	O
background	O
as	O
the	O
aboriginal	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
-	O
Malayo	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Polynesian	I-NORP
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
when	O
the	O
inaugural	O
Polynesian	B-EVENT
Cultural	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
was	O
held	O
in	O
Taitung	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
scholars	O
and	O
arts	O
troupes	O
from	O
Palau	B-GPE
were	O
among	O
the	O
participants	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
modern	O
age	O
of	O
Western	B-NORP
and	O
Japanese	B-NORP
colonialism	O
,	O
both	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
Palau	B-GPE
experienced	O
foreign	O
rule	O
which	O
has	O
left	O
traces	O
of	O
Spanish	B-NORP
,	O
Japanese	B-NORP
,	O
American	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
other	O
cultures	O
.	O


After	O
WWII	B-EVENT
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
was	O
returned	O
to	O
Chinese	B-NORP
rule	O
,	O
while	O
Palau	B-GPE
became	O
a	O
UN	B-ORG
trust	O
territory	O
under	O
US	B-GPE
authority	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Palau	B-GPE
did	O
not	O
gain	O
full	O
independence	O
until	O
1994	B-DATE
.	O
-RRB-	O


Palau	B-GPE
-	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
political	O
contacts	O
began	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
1983	B-DATE
,	O
President	O
Haruo	B-PERSON
I.	I-PERSON
Remeliik	I-PERSON
led	O
the	O
first	O
Palauan	B-NORP
delegation	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
have	O
been	O
numerous	O
official	O
visits	O
since	O
then	O
.	O


In	O
1984	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
signed	O
an	O
agricultural	O
cooperation	O
agreement	O
,	O
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
dispatched	O
a	O
technical	O
assistance	O
team	O
there	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
exchanges	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
governments	O
,	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
business	O
people	O
have	O
been	O
conducting	O
trade	O
with	O
Palau	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
have	O
also	O
invested	O
there	O
,	O
entering	O
the	O
restaurant	O
,	O
fishing	O
,	O
retail	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
trades	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-EVENT
Taiwan	I-EVENT
Strait	I-EVENT
missile	I-EVENT
crises	I-EVENT
in	O
1995	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
1996	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
rumors	O
and	O
panic	O
filled	O
the	O
air	O
,	O
fraudulent	O
business	O
groups	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
cheated	O
many	O
investors	O
with	O
a	O
scam	O
surrounding	O
real	O
estate	O
in	O
Palau	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
silver	O
lining	O
to	O
this	O
cloud	O
:	O
It	O
attracted	O
the	O
attention	O
of	O
more	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
business	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
especially	O
the	O
domestic	O
tourism	O
industry	O
,	O
to	O
business	O
opportunities	O
in	O
Palau	B-GPE
.	O


Bin	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fang	I-PERSON
Stone	I-PERSON
,	O
now	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Palau	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
ROC	I-ORG
Friendship	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
who	O
came	O
to	O
Palau	B-GPE
at	O
that	O
time	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
investment	O
in	O
real	O
estate	O
.	O


Stone	B-PERSON
states	O
:	O
"	O
Before	O
independence	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
serious	O
lack	O
of	O
tourist	O
facilities	O
in	O
Palau	B-GPE
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
visitors	O
were	O
in	O
specially	O
-	O
organized	O
groups	O
from	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
or	O
Japan	B-GPE
which	O
came	O
for	O
deep	O
sea	O
fishing	O
or	O
scuba	O
diving	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
only	O
when	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
tourist	O
agencies	O
began	O
developing	O
the	O
tourist	O
route	O
to	O
Palau	B-GPE
that	O
many	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
began	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
the	O
tourism	O
industry	O
here	O
.	O
"	O


Snorkeling	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
activities	O
in	O
Palau	B-GPE
,	O
was	O
brought	O
in	O
by	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
entrepreneurs	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
could	O
say	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
among	O
the	O
founders	O
of	O
the	O
Palauan	B-NORP
tourism	O
industry	O
.	O


Currently	O
there	O
are	O
more	O
than	O
100	B-CARDINAL
Taiwanese	B-NORP
living	O
in	O
Palau	B-GPE
.	O


Most	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
tourism	O
industry	O
,	O
in	O
operations	O
such	O
as	O
tourist	O
agencies	O
,	O
hotels	O
,	O
and	O
water	O
sports	O
.	O


Though	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
investments	O
are	O
small	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
large	O
projects	O
,	O
including	O
the	B-FAC
Hotel	I-FAC
Palau	I-FAC
,	O
opened	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
and	O
built	O
by	O
the	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
-	O
run	O
ACC	B-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
development	O
company	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
large	O
vacation	O
spa	O
currently	O
being	O
built	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Hung	I-ORG
Kuo	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
businessman	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Liang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
shen	I-PERSON
made	O
a	O
major	O
investment	O
by	O
purchasing	O
outright	O
a	O
local	O
hotel	O
.	O


Zero	B-CARDINAL
pollution	O


Many	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
business	O
people	O
saw	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
formal	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
as	O
a	O
green	O
light	O
for	O
investment	O
in	O
Palau	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
foreign	O
ministry	O
delegation	O
that	O
visited	O
Palau	B-GPE
in	O
March	B-DATE
included	O
private	O
sector	O
firms	O
involved	O
in	O
tourism	O
,	O
textiles	O
,	O
electronics	O
,	O
and	O
fishing	O
,	O
who	O
went	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
.	O


Taiwanese	B-NORP
entrepreneurs	O
already	O
in	O
Palau	B-GPE
enthusiastically	O
welcomed	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
an	O
embassy	O
there	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
their	O
investments	O
even	O
more	O
secure	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Neng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jong	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
-	O
general	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Industrial	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Investment	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
,	O
who	O
visited	O
the	O
island	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
,	O
points	O
to	O
some	O
special	O
concerns	O
in	O
the	O
Palau	B-GPE
investment	O
environment	O
:	O
For	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
islands	O
are	O
too	O
rocky	O
for	O
agricultural	O
development	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
not	O
highly	O
developed	O
,	O
and	O
-	O
except	O
for	O
fishing	O
products	O
-	O
other	O
materials	O
all	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
imported	O
.	O


Therefore	O
the	O
island	O
is	O
not	O
at	O
an	O
advantage	O
in	O
material	O
terms	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
total	O
population	O
is	O
only	O
18,000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Anyone	O
interested	O
in	O
establishing	O
a	O
factory	O
there	O
will	O
face	O
a	O
labor	O
shortage	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
Palau	B-GPE
relies	O
on	O
"	O
imports	O
"	O
for	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
labor	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
6000	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
workers	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
concludes	O
:	O
"	O
Tourism	O
is	O
still	O
the	O
best	O
investment	O
in	O
Palau	B-GPE
right	O
now	O
.	O
"	O


Early	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
investors	O
have	O
certainly	O
been	O
proved	O
perspicacious	O
,	O
since	O
Palau	B-GPE
's	O
pollution	O
-	O
free	O
environment	O
is	O
its	O
greatest	O
asset	O
.	O


Diving	O
aficionados	O
have	O
hailed	O
Palau	B-GPE
as	O
the	O
greatest	O
of	O
the	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
wonders	O
of	O
the	O
deep	O
.	O


Its	O
waters	O
support	O
more	O
than	O
700	B-CARDINAL
varieties	O
of	O
coral	O
and	O
1500	B-CARDINAL
varieties	O
of	O
fish	O
.	O


The	O
ocean	O
water	O
is	O
warm	O
and	O
the	O
currents	O
are	O
moderate	O
,	O
making	O
for	O
ideal	O
diving	O
conditions	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
shallow	O
water	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
tailor	O
-	O
made	O
for	O
snorkeling	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
even	O
tourists	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
particularly	O
at	O
home	O
in	O
the	O
water	O
can	O
enjoy	O
the	O
magnificence	O
of	O
the	O
ocean	O
.	O


Especially	O
noteworthy	O
is	O
"	O
Blue	B-LOC
Corner	I-LOC
,	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
famous	O
snorkeling	O
locations	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
ocean	O
that	O
is	O
beautiful	O
;	O
Palau	B-GPE
's	O
land	O
scenery	O
is	O
also	O
absorbing	O
.	O


The	B-LOC
"	I-LOC
Rock	I-LOC
Islands	I-LOC
,	O
"	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
a	O
garden	O
on	O
the	O
sea	O
,	O
"	O
have	O
extensive	O
white	O
sand	O
beaches	O
and	O
a	O
rich	O
variety	O
of	O
coastal	O
plant	O
life	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
amazing	O
waterfalls	O
.	O


The	O
islands	O
of	O
Peleliu	B-LOC
and	O
Anguar	B-LOC
,	O
which	O
were	O
battlefields	O
in	O
the	O
Pacific	B-LOC
war	O
between	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
are	O
criss	O
-	O
crossed	O
by	O
tunnels	O
built	O
by	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
,	O
while	O
the	O
remains	O
of	O
ships	O
and	O
aircraft	O
dot	O
the	O
ocean	O
floor	O
.	O


These	O
islands	O
have	O
great	O
potential	O
as	O
sites	O
for	O
historical	O
tourism	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
air	O
,	O
because	O
Palau	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
tropical	O
ocean	O
climate	O
,	O
and	O
rains	O
leave	O
as	O
fast	O
as	O
they	O
come	O
,	O
tourists	O
are	O
often	O
treated	O
to	O
rainbows	O
.	O


Gennie	B-PERSON
Yen	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
office	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Palau	I-ORG
Visitors	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
people	O
have	O
even	O
seen	O
three	O
rainbows	O
at	O
one	B-CARDINAL
time	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
no	O
rain	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
horizontal	O
rainbow	O
by	O
standing	O
on	O
the	O
beach	O
at	O
sunset	O
and	O
following	O
with	O
your	O
eyes	O
the	O
different	O
shades	O
of	O
blue	O
of	O
the	O
receding	O
ocean	O
as	O
they	O
merge	O
into	O
the	O
bands	O
of	O
reds	O
in	O
the	O
evening	O
sky	O
.	O


In	O
these	O
islands	O
surrounded	O
by	O
coral	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
virtually	O
always	O
calm	O
and	O
windless	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
pulled	O
into	O
the	O
sky	O
under	O
a	O
parasailer	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
a	O
whiff	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
scent	O
of	O
Heaven	O
must	O
be	O
like	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
bia	O
-LRB-	O
traditional	O
structures	O
where	O
men	O
met	O
to	O
socialize	O
and	O
discuss	O
local	O
affairs	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
the	O
local	O
species	O
of	O
non-poisonous	O
jellyfish	O
,	O
are	O
other	O
items	O
that	O
are	O
especially	O
interesting	O
to	O
tourists	O
.	O


Reinvigorating	O
the	O
tourism	O
market	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Neng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jong	I-PERSON
says	O
there	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
viable	O
directions	O
to	O
get	O
into	O
the	O
Palau	B-GPE
tourism	O
industry	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
is	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
a	O
tourism	O
-	O
related	O
industry	O
in	O
Palau	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
other	O
is	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
tourists	O
and	O
extend	O
profit	O
opportunities	O
into	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
itself	O
.	O


Oddly	O
,	O
despite	O
Palau	B-GPE
's	O
beauty	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
tourism	O
has	O
dropped	O
off	O
considerably	O
.	O


In	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
there	O
were	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
70,000	I-CARDINAL
foreign	O
visits	O
to	O
Palau	B-GPE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
figure	O
was	O
50,000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
sources	O
of	O
tourists	O
to	O
Palau	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
visitors	O
peaked	O
at	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
30,000	I-CARDINAL
annually	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
is	O
down	O
to	O
well	O
below	O
20,000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
tourism	O
businesses	O
in	O
Palau	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
mainly	O
cater	O
to	O
Taiwanese	B-GPE
,	O
are	O
crying	O
uncle	O
.	O


"	O
It	O
's	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
hotel	O
industry	O
,	O
even	O
at	O
Chinese	B-NORP
restaurants	O
business	O
has	O
fallen	O
off	O
sharply	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Chu	B-PERSON
Hui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chun	I-PERSON
.	O


Chu	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
also	O
operates	O
a	O
tourist	O
agency	O
,	O
was	O
forced	O
to	O
move	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
restaurant	O
she	O
had	O
run	O
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
much	O
smaller	O
premises	O
.	O


Hsu	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
,	O
deputy	O
director	O
-	O
general	O
of	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
Tourism	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
a	O
major	O
reason	O
why	O
profit	O
margins	O
have	O
shrunk	O
is	O
that	O
tour	O
operators	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
no	O
longer	O
aggressively	O
push	O
Palau	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
destination	O
.	O


Hsu	B-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
Far	B-ORG
East	I-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
operates	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
-	O
to	O
-	O
Palau	B-GPE
route	O
,	O
raised	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
a	O
ticket	O
by	O
over	O
NT$	O
3000	B-MONEY
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
citing	O
inadequate	O
passenger	O
demand	O
and	O
high	O
costs	O
.	O


This	O
made	O
Palau	B-GPE
much	O
less	O
competitive	O
compared	O
to	O
other	O
places	O
such	O
as	O
Guam	B-GPE
,	O
Bali	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Phuket	B-GPE
.	O


Hsu	B-PERSON
concludes	O
:	O
"	O
If	O
the	O
price	O
is	O
raised	O
for	O
tour	O
groups	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
interested	O
,	O
but	O
if	O
the	O
original	O
price	O
is	O
maintained	O
,	O
the	O
tour	O
operators	O
'	O
profit	O
falls	O
too	O
low	O
.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
tourist	O
agencies	O
have	O
simply	O
given	O
up	O
promoting	O
this	O
route	O
.	O
"	O


James	B-PERSON
Yeh	I-PERSON
,	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Sunrise	I-ORG
Express	I-ORG
Travel	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
specializes	O
in	O
Pacific	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
tours	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
current	O
trend	O
among	O
travelers	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
for	O
low	O
group	O
fares	O
with	O
lots	O
of	O
entertainment	O
provided	O
.	O


Most	O
people	O
who	O
go	O
on	O
island	O
vacations	O
are	O
looking	O
for	O
pure	O
recreation	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
would	O
prefer	O
to	O
be	O
somewhere	O
where	O
the	O
facilities	O
are	O
more	O
developed	O
.	O


Though	O
Palau	B-GPE
is	O
rich	O
in	O
natural	O
attractions	O
,	O
it	O
lacks	O
peripheral	O
tourist	O
facilities	O
like	O
pubs	O
,	O
shopping	O
centers	O
,	O
and	O
gift	O
shops	O
,	O
so	O
naturally	O
the	O
islands	O
are	O
less	O
attractive	O
.	O


Despite	O
all	O
this	O
,	O
James	B-PERSON
Yeh	I-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
return	O
visitors	O
to	O
Palau	B-GPE
is	O
very	O
high	O
,	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Clearly	O
the	O
island	O
is	O
still	O
very	O
appealing	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
high	O
group	O
rates	O
and	O
inadequate	O
facilities	O
can	O
be	O
solved	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
enormous	O
potential	O
yet	O
in	O
Palau	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Palauan	B-NORP
government	O
is	O
working	O
hard	O
to	O
eliminate	O
obstacles	O
to	O
solving	O
the	O
above	O
problems	O
.	O


Johnny	B-PERSON
Itaru	I-PERSON
Kishigawa	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Palau	I-ORG
Visitors	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
going	O
forward	O
on	O
a	O
new	O
airport	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
tourist	O
-	O
related	O
facilities	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
also	O
studying	O
a	O
proposal	O
from	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
side	O
to	O
lower	O
landing	O
fees	O
and	O
reduce	O
underlying	O
ticket	O
costs	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
PVA	B-ORG
now	O
has	O
a	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
office	O
,	O
and	O
hopes	O
to	O
raise	O
Palau	B-GPE
's	O
profile	O
among	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
travellers	O
.	O


Gone	O
fishin'	O


In	O
the	O
current	O
wave	O
of	O
interest	O
in	O
investment	O
in	O
Palau	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
fisheries	O
industry	O
is	O
also	O
getting	O
attention	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
only	O
one	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
business	O
person	O
in	O
the	O
fishing	O
industry	O
in	O
Palau	B-GPE
-	O
Tai	B-PERSON
Jung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fei	I-PERSON
-	O
so	O
profits	O
are	O
quite	O
good	O
.	O


"	O
At	O
first	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
business	O
with	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
friends	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
rented	O
eight	O
fishing	O
boats	O
,	O
but	O
profits	O
were	O
only	O
ordinary	O
.	O


After	O
my	O
friends	O
pulled	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
operation	O
,	O
I	O
switched	O
over	O
to	O
mainly	O
running	O
a	O
base	O
for	O
fishing	O
boats	O
.	O
"	O


Little	O
did	O
he	O
expect	O
that	O
profits	O
would	O
be	O
much	O
larger	O
,	O
especially	O
after	O
the	O
company	O
acquired	O
local	O
fishing	O
rights	O
for	O
75	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


During	O
the	O
peak	O
season	O
from	O
May	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
ten	I-CARDINAL
tuna	O
ships	O
come	O
in	O
every	O
day	O
to	O
offload	O
their	O
catch	O
and	O
to	O
resupply	O
.	O


These	O
days	O
,	O
Tai	B-PERSON
's	O
Palau	B-ORG
Marine	I-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
covers	O
an	O
area	O
of	O
1.5	B-QUANTITY
acres	I-QUANTITY
and	O
employs	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
40	I-CARDINAL
staff	O
.	O


It	O
offers	O
advanced	O
freezing	O
facilities	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
aircraft	O
,	O
guaranteeing	O
to	O
deliver	O
tuna	O
fresh	O
to	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
market	O
within	O
24	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


However	O
,	O
though	O
Tai	B-PERSON
has	O
made	O
quite	O
a	O
name	O
for	O
himself	O
with	O
his	O
business	O
,	O
this	O
does	O
not	O
necessarily	O
mean	O
that	O
other	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
can	O
come	O
and	O
make	O
similar	O
investments	O
.	O


Koo	B-PERSON
Kuang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ming	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
Koo	B-PERSON
's	O
Holdings	B-ORG
Company	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
operates	O
fishing	O
boats	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
South	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
,	O
explains	O
that	O
South	B-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
fishing	O
is	O
divided	O
into	O
two	B-CARDINAL
types	O
-	O
net	O
fishing	O
,	O
and	O
line	O
fishing	O
of	O
tuna	O
.	O


Palau	B-GPE
is	O
not	O
really	O
suited	O
to	O
the	O
former	O
,	O
because	O
its	O
territorial	O
waters	O
are	O
not	O
large	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
catch	O
is	O
limited	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
tuna	O
stocks	O
there	O
are	O
high	O
,	O
so	O
Palau	B-GPE
is	O
more	O
suited	O
to	O
line	O
fishing	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
problem	O
is	O
that	O
Tai	B-PERSON
Jung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fei	I-PERSON
is	O
already	O
running	O
a	O
tuna	O
base	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
debatable	O
whether	O
there	O
is	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
another	O
one	O
.	O


Koo	B-PERSON
warns	O
:	O
"	O
It	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
potential	O
catch	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
were	O
several	O
firms	O
,	O
the	O
risk	O
would	O
be	O
much	O
greater	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
though	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
varieties	O
of	O
fish	O
around	O
Palau	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
scale	O
of	O
operations	O
is	O
small	O
,	O
and	O
markets	O
are	O
far	O
away	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
return	O
on	O
investment	O
would	O
not	O
necessarily	O
be	O
very	O
high	O
.	O


Koo	B-PERSON
points	O
instead	O
to	O
a	O
different	O
option	O
:	O
The	O
waters	O
around	O
Palau	B-GPE
are	O
clear	O
and	O
warm	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
them	O
suited	O
to	O
aquaculture	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
returns	O
from	O
the	O
small	O
-	O
scale	O
aquaculture	O
of	O
scallops	O
have	O
been	O
decent	O
.	O


Koo	B-PERSON
cautions	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
"	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
invest	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
,	O
because	O
after	O
all	O
Palau	B-GPE
is	O
far	O
from	O
the	O
main	O
markets	O
.	O
"	O


Palau	B-GPE
Free	I-GPE
Trade	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE


In	O
1986	B-DATE
,	O
Palau	B-GPE
,	O
like	O
many	O
former	O
American	B-NORP
-	O
controlled	O
trust	O
territories	O
,	O
signed	O
a	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
Compact	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Free	I-LAW
Association	I-LAW
"	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
agreement	O
allows	O
Palauan	B-NORP
products	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
States	B-GPE
tax	O
-	O
free	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
quota	O
limits	O
for	O
such	O
things	O
as	O
textiles	O
.	O


For	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
major	O
producer	O
of	O
textiles	O
and	O
electronics	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
strong	O
investment	O
incentive	O
.	O


Currently	O
Japanese	B-NORP
and	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
business	O
people	O
are	O
negotiating	O
with	O
the	O
Palauan	B-NORP
government	O
to	O
establish	O
a	B-GPE
Palau	I-GPE
Free	I-GPE
Trade	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
idea	O
is	O
for	O
Palau	B-GPE
to	O
designate	O
a	O
special	O
zone	O
for	O
economic	O
development	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
Palau	B-GPE
government	O
providing	O
tax	O
and	O
land	O
-	O
use	O
incentives	O
.	O


The	O
zone	O
would	O
be	O
for	O
processing	O
of	O
exports	O
,	O
mainly	O
in	O
textiles	O
and	O
electronics	O
,	O
and	O
mainly	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
market	O
.	O


Felix	B-PERSON
Yen	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Zhen	I-ORG
An	I-ORG
Palau	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
handling	O
the	O
Hung	B-PERSON
Kuo	I-PERSON
project	O
,	O
is	O
very	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
business	O
climate	O
in	O
Palau	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
says	O
that	O
right	O
now	O
the	O
main	O
obstacles	O
to	O
foreign	O
investment	O
are	O
land	O
acquisition	O
and	O
communications	O
.	O


Under	O
Palauan	B-NORP
law	O
foreigners	O
are	O
not	O
allowed	O
to	O
own	O
land	O
there	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
only	O
lease	O
land	O
for	O
development	O
.	O


The	O
longest	O
permitted	O
lease	O
is	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
even	O
leasing	O
is	O
a	O
complicated	O
matter	O
,	O
because	O
traditionally	O
land	O
in	O
Palau	B-GPE
is	O
owned	O
jointly	O
by	O
the	O
family	O
and	O
the	O
clan	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
communications	O
and	O
Internet	O
access	O
are	O
not	O
very	O
reliable	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
these	O
problems	O
deter	O
investors	O
.	O


Though	O
the	O
communications	O
problems	O
may	O
be	O
resolved	O
within	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
-	O
the	O
government	O
has	O
received	O
US	B-GPE
assistance	O
for	O
priority	O
construction	O
of	O
electricity	O
and	O
fiber	O
optic	O
facilities	O
-	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Neng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jong	I-PERSON
still	O
cautions	O
those	O
interested	O
in	O
signing	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
free	O
trade	O
zone	O
plan	O
to	O
"	O
be	O
prudent	O
.	O
"	O


"	O
The	O
point	O
to	O
watch	O
out	O
for	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
plan	O
is	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
firms	O
may	O
not	O
understand	O
that	O
it	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
all	O
that	O
good	O
a	O
deal	O
from	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
Palau	B-GPE
authorities	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Currently	O
foreign	O
firms	O
are	O
more	O
pro-active	O
than	O
the	O
Palauan	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
concerns	O
:	O
The	O
indigenous	O
population	O
is	O
small	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
could	O
be	O
social	O
problems	O
if	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
foreign	O
workers	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
islands	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
must	O
weigh	O
economic	O
development	O
against	O
environmental	O
destruction	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
terms	O
under	O
which	O
Palau	B-GPE
would	O
accept	O
the	O
proposed	O
zone	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
as	O
good	O
as	O
many	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
business	O
people	O
optimistically	O
expect	O
.	O
"	O


Looking	O
at	O
the	O
larger	O
picture	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
areas	O
and	O
ways	O
to	O
invest	O
.	O


A	O
careful	O
look	O
will	O
show	O
that	O
Palau	B-GPE
has	O
many	O
pearls	O
.	O


Li	B-PERSON
Mao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tsung	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
pottery	O
expert	O
living	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
who	O
was	O
commissioned	O
by	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
government	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
suitability	O
of	O
Palauan	B-NORP
clays	O
for	O
pottery	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
Palau	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
clay	O
of	O
decent	O
quality	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
islands	O
a	O
good	O
location	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
art	O
pottery	O
or	O
large	O
scale	O
pottery	O
and	O
porcelain	O
production	O
.	O


Unique	O
investment	O
opportunities	O
like	O
these	O
are	O
waiting	O
to	O
be	O
taken	O
up	O
by	O
alert	O
entrepreneurs	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
Palau	B-GPE
is	O
,	O
as	O
Gennie	B-PERSON
Yen	I-PERSON
says	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
just	O
-	O
opened	O
oyster	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
pearl	O
gleaming	O
before	O
your	O
eyes	O
.	O


But	O
to	O
grasp	O
the	O
pearl	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
business	O
people	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
rely	O
on	O
their	O
wisdom	O
and	O
experience	O
.	O


Constitutional	O
Revision	O
Paves	O
Way	O
for	O
Phasing	O
Out	O
National	B-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG


-LRB-	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ju	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
David	O
J.	O


Toman	O
-RRB-	O


On	O
April	B-DATE
24	I-DATE
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
finalized	O
the	O
chief	O
task	O
of	O
the	O
sixth	B-ORDINAL
round	O
of	O
constitutional	O
revisions	O
during	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
presidency	O
:	O
its	O
own	O
demobilization	O
.	O


While	O
this	O
development	O
will	O
allay	O
popular	O
fears	O
of	O
an	O
everlasting	O
National	B-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
,	O
how	O
to	O
formulate	O
comprehensive	O
measures	O
to	O
fill	O
in	O
the	O
constitutional	O
and	O
functional	O
void	O
of	O
the	O
moribund	O
body	O
becomes	O
the	O
next	O
vital	O
task	O
.	O


On	O
March	B-DATE
24	I-DATE
,	O
just	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
presidential	O
election	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Grand	I-ORG
Justices	I-ORG
made	O
a	O
constitutional	O
interpretation	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
National	B-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
term	O
extension	O
,	O
declaring	O
the	O
move	O
null	O
and	O
void	O
.	O


This	O
stirred	O
the	O
ire	O
of	O
National	B-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
members	O
,	O
who	O
struck	O
back	O
during	O
the	O
ensuing	O
constitutional	O
revision	O
session	O
,	O
claiming	O
that	O
"	O
lifelong	O
privileges	O
for	O
grand	O
justices	O
violate	O
the	O
constitution	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
reaction	O
by	O
a	O
minority	O
of	O
NA	B-ORG
delegates	O
to	O
the	O
grand	O
justices	O
'	O
constitutional	O
interpretation	O
once	O
again	O
triggered	O
displeasure	O
in	O
society	O
at	O
the	O
body	O
's	O
refusal	O
to	O
admit	O
its	O
fallibility	O
.	O


Activists	O
in	O
groups	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
Society	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Taiwanese	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
Professors	I-ORG
organized	O
a	O
street	O
demonstration	O
to	O
call	O
for	O
the	O
dissolution	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
.	O


A	O
further	O
consequence	O
of	O
the	O
grand	O
justices	O
'	O
ruling	O
was	O
that	O
an	O
election	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
held	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
new	O
National	B-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
membership	O
before	O
the	O
conclusion	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
term	O
.	O


While	O
this	O
development	O
had	O
would	O
-	O
be	O
candidates	O
in	O
all	O
parties	O
scrambling	O
to	O
launch	O
election	O
campaigns	O
,	O
by	O
late	B-DATE
March	I-DATE
the	O
post-presidential-election	O
situation	O
,	O
combined	O
with	O
pressure	O
from	O
public	O
opinion	O
,	O
pushed	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
to	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
on	O
means	O
to	O
phase	O
out	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
,	O
despite	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
's	O
previous	O
opposition	O
to	O
the	O
body	O
's	O
complete	O
dissolution	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
preserving	O
the	O
constitutional	O
structure	O
.	O


For	O
a	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
whether	O
to	O
hold	O
elections	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
and	O
KMT	B-ORG
's	O
shared	O
policy	O
for	O
phasing	O
out	O
the	O
body	O
,	O
were	O
viewed	O
as	O
motivated	O
by	O
fear	O
of	O
the	O
growth	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
First	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
PFP	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
.	O


Thus	O
the	O
hubbub	O
continued	O
over	O
the	O
fate	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
for	O
a	O
fortnight	O
,	O
until	O
finally	O
the	O
newly	O
formed	O
PFP	B-ORG
caucus	O
in	O
the	O
assembly	O
agreed	O
to	O
its	O
gradual	O
downsizing	O
.	O


This	O
paved	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
the	O
commencement	O
on	O
April	B-DATE
8	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
sixth	B-ORDINAL
round	O
of	O
constitutional	O
revisions	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
which	O
such	O
issues	O
as	O
reducing	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
NA	B-ORG
delegates	O
and	O
freezing	O
their	O
powers	O
and	O
duties	O
-	O
amounting	O
to	O
their	O
"	O
self	O
-	O
abolition	O
"	O
-	O
became	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
discussion	O
.	O


The	O
various	O
parties	O
leveraged	O
their	O
carrots	O
and	O
sticks	O
against	O
their	O
delegates	O
,	O
threatening	O
expulsion	O
for	O
not	O
supporting	O
the	O
neutralization	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
as	O
they	O
tried	O
to	O
appease	O
their	O
delegates	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
on	O
April	B-DATE
24	I-DATE
these	O
maneuvers	O
helped	O
bring	O
about	O
the	O
passage	O
of	O
several	O
constitutional	O
revisions	O
,	O
including	O
deactivation	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
,	O
favorable	O
provisions	O
for	O
residents	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
offshore	O
islands	O
-LRB-	O
Kinmen	B-LOC
,	O
Matsu	B-LOC
,	O
and	O
Penghu	B-LOC
-RRB-	O
and	O
military	O
personnel	O
,	O
and	O
revocation	O
of	O
lifelong	O
special	O
privileges	O
for	O
grand	O
justices	O
.	O


In	O
line	O
with	O
these	O
revisions	O
,	O
the	O
voting	O
public	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
directly	O
elect	O
NA	B-ORG
delegates	O
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
will	O
become	O
a	O
"	O
task	O
-	O
based	O
body	O
"	O
generated	O
according	O
to	O
proportional	O
political	O
party	O
representation	O
in	O
the	O
legislature	O
,	O
maintaining	O
the	O
rights	O
to	O
ratification	O
of	O
constitutional	O
revisions	O
proposed	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
,	O
impeachment	O
of	O
the	O
president	O
and	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
and	O
resolutions	O
on	O
modifications	O
to	O
national	O
territory	O
.	O


With	O
these	O
changes	O
,	O
legislators	O
will	O
exercise	O
approval	O
over	O
personnel	O
appointments	O
to	O
the	O
Judicial	B-ORG
,	O
Examination	B-ORG
and	O
Control	B-ORG
yuans	I-ORG
.	O


To	O
be	O
fair	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
does	O
have	O
its	O
unique	O
set	O
of	O
duties	O
and	O
powers	O
under	O
the	O
existing	O
structure	O
,	O
thus	O
few	O
people	O
are	O
ready	O
to	O
call	O
for	O
its	O
complete	O
abolition	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
especially	O
notable	O
given	O
the	O
ambiguity	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
constitutional	O
structure	O
,	O
seeing	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
presidential	O
system	O
,	O
a	O
cabinet	O
system	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
headed	O
system	O
in	O
the	O
true	O
sense	O
.	O


Many	O
scholars	O
caution	O
that	O
eliminating	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
and	O
handing	O
all	O
its	O
powers	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
,	O
while	O
the	O
government	O
structure	O
remains	O
ambiguous	O
,	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
best	O
structural	O
framework	O
.	O


That	O
said	O
,	O
despite	O
landmark	O
changes	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
full	O
election	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
parliament	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
establishment	O
of	O
the	O
legal	O
groundwork	O
for	O
the	O
direct	O
election	O
of	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
president	O
,	O
the	B-LAW
ROC	I-LAW
Constitution	I-LAW
has	O
been	O
revamped	O
with	O
alarming	O
frequency	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
some	O
have	O
scoffed	O
that	O
the	O
constitution	O
,	O
the	O
basis	O
upon	O
which	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
laws	O
are	O
founded	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
tinkered	O
with	O
more	O
often	O
than	O
the	O
civil	O
and	O
criminal	O
codes	O
.	O


Further	O
,	O
new	O
duties	O
and	O
authorities	O
were	O
given	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
in	O
order	O
to	O
achieve	O
successive	O
constitutional	O
revisions	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
in	O
exchange	O
for	O
the	O
assembly	O
agreeing	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
its	O
authority	O
to	O
elect	O
the	O
president	O
,	O
the	O
body	O
was	O
given	O
power	O
of	O
approval	O
over	O
personnel	O
appointments	O
to	O
the	O
Judicial	B-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
,	O
Examination	B-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Control	B-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
.	O


With	O
each	O
revision	O
,	O
the	O
constitution	O
became	O
increasingly	O
jumbled	O
,	O
while	O
NA	B-ORG
delegates	O
leveraged	O
their	O
positions	O
to	O
exact	O
"	O
constitutional	O
amendment	O
rent	O
"	O
and	O
fatten	O
themselves	O
up	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
term	O
extension	O
bill	O
further	O
solidified	O
the	O
public	O
's	O
image	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
as	O
no	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
tool	O
of	O
political	O
struggle	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
indulgent	O
body	O
at	O
that	O
,	O
generating	O
widespread	O
consensus	O
on	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
dissolving	O
it	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
latest	O
round	O
of	O
constitutional	O
revisions	O
satisfies	O
the	O
general	O
desire	O
across	O
the	O
political	O
spectrum	O
to	O
progressively	O
dismantle	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
,	O
sloppy	O
accompanying	O
provisions	O
and	O
the	O
failure	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
political	O
parties	O
to	O
propose	O
a	O
new	O
blueprint	O
in	O
its	O
place	O
provide	O
cause	O
for	O
new	O
concern	O
over	O
the	O
health	O
of	O
constitutional	O
government	O
in	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
will	O
become	O
a	O
"	O
task	O
-	O
based	O
body	O
"	O
generated	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
seats	O
held	O
by	O
each	O
political	O
party	O
in	O
the	O
legislature	O
.	O


National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
professor	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Hung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsi	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
expert	O
on	O
constitutional	O
law	O
,	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
less	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
population	O
takes	O
part	O
in	O
political	O
party	O
activities	O
.	O


Thus	O
a	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
generated	O
proportionally	O
according	O
to	O
party	O
representation	O
represents	O
suppression	O
of	O
the	O
views	O
of	O
the	B-PERCENT
other	I-PERCENT
90	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
population	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
violates	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
vesting	O
authority	O
over	O
constitutional	O
government	O
in	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


Following	O
the	O
demobilization	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
,	O
many	O
functions	O
and	O
powers	O
currently	O
held	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
will	O
be	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
.	O


This	O
in	O
turn	O
raises	O
fears	O
in	O
the	O
academic	O
community	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
could	O
become	O
an	O
untamable	O
new	O
constitutional	O
monster	O
.	O


The	O
expanded	O
powers	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
also	O
include	O
the	O
impeachment	O
and	O
recall	O
of	O
the	O
president	O
and	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
supplementary	O
election	O
of	O
the	O
vice	O
president	O
.	O


These	O
changes	O
tighten	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
parliament	O
and	O
the	O
president	O
,	O
requiring	O
the	O
president	O
to	O
report	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
on	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
president	O
has	O
only	O
the	O
passive	O
authority	O
to	O
dissolve	O
the	O
parliament	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
a	O
parliament	O
with	O
supreme	O
powers	O
,	O
a	O
president	O
whose	O
party	O
claims	O
only	O
a	O
minority	O
in	O
the	O
legislature	O
is	O
powerless	O
even	O
to	O
replace	O
a	O
premier	O
with	O
whom	O
he	O
does	O
not	O
see	O
eye	O
to	O
eye	O
,	O
leaving	O
him	O
devoid	O
of	O
the	O
authorities	O
and	O
responsibilities	O
to	O
correspond	O
with	O
his	O
administrative	O
actions	O
.	O


A	O
China	B-ORG
Times	I-ORG
editorial	O
urged	O
that	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
whether	O
the	O
enormous	O
Legislative	B-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
might	O
be	O
split	O
into	O
two	B-CARDINAL
houses	O
by	O
function	O
be	O
evaluated	O
and	O
worked	O
out	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


The	O
legal	O
demobilization	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
was	O
conducted	O
without	O
a	O
hitch	O
,	O
yet	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
constitutional	O
government	O
looks	O
bleak	O
.	O


This	O
dire	O
outlook	O
is	O
surely	O
not	O
something	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
political	O
parties	O
expected	O
when	O
,	O
attempting	O
to	O
align	O
with	O
public	O
opinion	O
,	O
they	O
moved	O
to	O
phase	O
out	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
.	O


Minister	O
of	O
Transportation	O
and	O
Communications	O


Yeh	B-PERSON
Chu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lan	I-PERSON


-LRB-	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ju	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
David	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Toman	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Pu	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Raised	O
in	O
a	O
Hakka	B-NORP
village	O
in	O
Miaoli	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lan	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
graduate	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
department	O
at	O
Fu	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jen	I-ORG
Catholic	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
the	O
new	O
Minister	O
of	O
Transportation	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
,	O
overseeing	O
120,000	B-CARDINAL
employees	O
and	O
an	O
annual	O
budget	O
of	O
over	O
NT$	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


From	O
her	O
early	O
career	O
in	O
advertising	O
,	O
to	O
taking	O
up	O
her	O
late	O
husband	O
's	O
unfulfilled	O
wishes	O
and	O
setting	O
out	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
of	O
political	O
no	O
-	O
return	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lan	I-PERSON
has	O
fought	O
impressively	O
,	O
earning	O
wide	O
acclaim	O
.	O


What	O
makes	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
,	O
having	O
tasted	O
the	O
sweetness	O
and	O
sorrow	O
of	O
life	O
in	O
equal	O
portions	O
,	O
able	O
to	O
switch	O
roles	O
with	O
such	O
aplomb	O
?	O


And	O
where	O
does	O
the	O
soft	O
-	O
spoken	O
yet	O
resolute	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
find	O
the	O
strength	O
to	O
handle	O
the	O
mounting	O
challenges	O
that	O
life	O
has	O
thrust	O
upon	O
her	O
?	O


If	O
not	O
for	O
the	O
self	O
-	O
immolation	O
of	O
her	O
late	O
husband	O
,	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
Nan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jung	I-PERSON
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
would	O
not	O
have	O
gotten	O
involved	O
in	O
politics	O
.	O


Since	O
running	O
for	O
legislator	O
in	O
1989	B-DATE
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lan	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
approach	O
to	O
politics	O
for	O
over	O
a	O
decade	O
has	O
been	O
to	O
"	O
do	O
things	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O
"	O


With	O
the	O
election	O
of	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
to	O
the	O
presidency	O
,	O
she	O
says	O
she	O
feels	O
that	O
the	O
DPP	O
's	O
transitional	O
mission	O
has	O
been	O
accomplished	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
repeated	O
invitation	O
of	O
both	O
President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
and	O
Premier	O
Tang	B-PERSON
Fei	I-PERSON
to	O
"	O
write	O
history	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
democracy	O
,	O
"	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
was	O
moved	O
by	O
their	O
sense	O
of	O
mission	O
and	O
accepted	O
the	O
appointment	O
as	O
new	O
Minister	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Transportation	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
.	O


Delicate	O
and	O
soft	O
on	O
the	O
outside	O
,	O
strong	O
and	O
tough	O
on	O
the	O
inside	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lan	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
confidence	O
and	O
tenacity	O
are	O
well	O
illustrated	O
by	O
her	O
love	O
story	O
.	O


After	O
commencing	O
university	O
at	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
18	B-DATE
,	O
she	O
met	O
fellow	O
philosophy	O
student	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
Nan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jung	I-PERSON
.	O


Her	O
family	O
's	O
eldest	O
girl	O
,	O
she	O
disregarded	O
her	O
father	O
's	O
objections	O
and	O
insisted	O
on	O
marrying	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
.	O


For	O
a	O
short	O
period	O
after	O
graduating	O
from	O
university	O
she	O
returned	O
to	O
teach	O
in	O
Miaoli	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
be	O
together	O
with	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
Nan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jung	I-PERSON
she	O
returned	O
north	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
work	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


Starting	O
in	O
an	O
advertising	O
agency	O
as	O
an	O
account	O
assistant	O
,	O
she	O
climbed	O
straight	O
up	O
the	O
ranks	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
highest	O
-	O
ranking	O
female	O
executive	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
advertising	O
industry	O
,	O
impressing	O
colleagues	O
with	O
her	O
competence	O
and	O
talents	O
.	O


Far	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
pinch	O
-	O
hitter	O


From	O
career	O
woman	O
to	O
professional	O
legislator	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
's	O
metamorphosis	O
was	O
clear	O
for	O
her	O
colleagues	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


In	O
"	O
Looking	B-WORK_OF_ART
Back	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
a	O
documentary	O
on	O
women	O
in	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
politics	O
that	O
was	O
filmed	O
with	O
support	O
from	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
's	O
Department	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Women	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
late	O
DPP	B-ORG
women	O
's	O
affairs	O
director	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Wan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ju	I-PERSON
made	O
an	O
acute	O
observation	O
about	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
:	O


Although	O
it	O
was	O
her	O
husband	O
's	O
lingering	O
shadow	O
that	O
took	O
her	O
into	O
politics	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
's	O
performance	O
has	O
gone	O
beyond	O
the	O
traditional	O
experiences	O
of	O
women	O
in	O
opposition	O
politics	O
,	O
transcending	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
a	O
victimized	O
family	O
member	O
to	O
manifest	O
the	O
autonomy	O
of	O
a	O
female	O
political	O
figure	O
in	O
her	O
own	O
right	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
commented	O
:	O
"	O
During	O
her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
term	O
as	O
a	O
legislator	O
she	O
acted	O
a	O
lot	O
like	O
a	O
substitute	O
,	O
so	O
every	O
time	O
she	O
questioned	O
officials	O
or	O
addressed	O
a	O
session	O
she	O
would	O
say	O
that	O
such	O
and	O
such	O
was	O
communicated	O
to	O
her	O
in	O
a	O
dream	O
by	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
Nan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jung	I-PERSON
.	O


However	O
,	O
by	O
her	O
second	B-ORDINAL
and	O
third	B-ORDINAL
terms	O
,	O
she	O
came	O
very	O
much	O
into	O
her	O
own	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
won	O
great	O
respect	O
from	O
women	O
's	O
groups	O
as	O
a	O
defender	O
of	O
women	O
's	O
interests	O
and	O
a	O
champion	O
of	O
the	O
family	O
dependents	O
'	O
section	O
of	O
the	O
civil	O
law	O
.	O
"	O


At	O
the	O
recent	O
Yangmingshan	B-LOC
seminar	O
for	O
new	O
government	O
officials	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lan	I-PERSON
gave	O
a	O
short	O
interview	O
,	O
stressing	O
,	O
"	O
When	O
I	O
first	B-ORDINAL
ran	O
for	O
office	O
I	O
was	O
not	O
playing	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
a	O
housewife	O
pinch	O
-	O
hitting	O
for	O
her	O
husband	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
already	O
an	O
influential	O
female	O
executive	O
in	O
my	O
professional	O
field	O
.	O


And	O
even	O
though	O
I	O
went	O
into	O
politics	O
due	O
to	O
my	O
husband	O
's	O
sacrifice	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
only	O
willing	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
because	O
I	O
shared	O
his	O
beliefs	O
.	O


My	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
fight	O
as	O
a	O
mother	O
for	O
what	O
I	O
hold	O
dearest	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
public	O
servant	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
always	O
been	O
my	O
own	O
person	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
over	O
a	O
decade	O
in	O
politics	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lan	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
exhaustive	O
efforts	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
women	O
's	O
groups	O
are	O
worth	O
tallying	O
.	O


The	O
revision	O
of	O
the	O
family	O
dependents	O
'	O
section	O
of	O
the	O
civil	O
law	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
undertaking	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
mind	O
-	O
boggling	O
number	O
of	O
legal	O
provisions	O
touching	O
on	O
highly	O
complex	O
issues	O
.	O


Long	O
-	O
term	O
efforts	O
by	O
women	O
's	O
groups	O
,	O
plus	O
the	O
personal	O
crusades	O
of	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
and	O
New	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
legislator	O
Hsieh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ta	I-PERSON
,	O
ultimately	O
built	O
momentum	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
after	O
exhaustive	O
lobbying	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
passed	O
the	O
revision	O
of	O
certain	O
provisions	O
of	O
the	O
family	O
dependents	O
'	O
section	O
of	O
the	O
civil	O
law	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
providing	O
safeguards	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
women	O
's	O
prenuptial	O
property	O
rights	O
and	O
child	O
custody	O
rights	O
.	O


This	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
major	O
step	O
for	O
equal	O
rights	O
between	O
the	O
sexes	O
under	O
law	O
.	O


Respect	O
for	O
expertise	O


Variously	O
described	O
by	O
the	O
media	O
as	O
a	O
crusader	O
for	O
justice	O
,	O
a	O
hard	O
worker	O
and	O
an	O
incorruptible	O
political	O
figure	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lan	I-PERSON
,	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
mother	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
"	O
carries	O
considerable	O
seniority	O
within	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
.	O


Her	O
aggressive	O
efforts	O
to	O
shore	O
up	O
the	O
Hakka	B-NORP
vote	O
for	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
during	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
were	O
also	O
crucial	O
to	O
her	O
appointment	O
as	O
Minister	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Transportation	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
the	O
media	O
also	O
notes	O
that	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
has	O
practically	O
no	O
past	O
connections	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Transportation	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
ministry	O
's	O
complex	O
,	O
specialized	O
tasks	O
present	O
her	O
with	O
a	O
steep	O
learning	O
curve	O
.	O


Addressing	O
these	O
issues	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
relates	O
,	O
"	O
The	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Transportation	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
a	O
word	O
,	O
is	O
about	O
'	O
people	O
,	O
'	O
making	O
it	O
essentially	O
a	O
huge	O
service	O
network	O
.	O


With	O
this	O
in	O
mind	O
,	O
setting	O
out	O
from	O
the	O
standpoint	O
of	O
'	O
people	O
'	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
task	O
I	O
have	O
set	O
out	O
for	O
myself	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
she	O
stresses	O
that	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
excessive	O
burdens	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
administration	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
policies	O
were	O
constantly	O
distorted	O
by	O
personal	O
interests	O
and	O
party	O
considerations	O
,	O
perhaps	O
professionals	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Transportation	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
were	O
frustrated	O
at	O
being	O
unable	O
to	O
put	O
their	O
expertise	O
into	O
play	O
.	O


"	O
People	O
want	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
to	O
quell	O
the	O
old	O
never	O
-	O
ending	O
conflicts	O
over	O
individual	O
interests	O
,	O
and	O
draw	O
a	O
line	O
between	O
public	O
administration	O
and	O
politics	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
biggest	O
issues	O
faced	O
by	O
the	O
new	O
cabinet	O
.	O


Now	O
is	O
the	O
chance	O
to	O
clear	O
out	O
the	O
cobwebs	O
and	O
get	O
off	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
start	O
.	O
"	O


New	O
President	O
Takes	O
Office	O
on	O
May	B-DATE
20	I-DATE


-LRB-	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
David	B-PERSON
Mayer	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
tenth	B-ORDINAL
-	O
term	O
president	O
and	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
and	O
Annette	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
,	O
took	O
the	O
oath	O
of	O
office	O
on	O
20	B-DATE
May	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
ever	O
transfer	O
of	O
power	O
in	O
Chinese	B-NORP
history	O
to	O
a	O
popularly	O
elected	O
leader	O
from	O
the	O
opposition	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
inaugural	O
speech	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
touched	O
on	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
issues	O
of	O
concern	O
to	O
voters	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


On	O
the	O
domestic	O
front	O
,	O
he	O
discussed	O
the	O
alternation	O
of	O
political	O
parties	O
in	O
power	O
,	O
democratic	O
reforms	O
,	O
a	O
fair	O
and	O
just	O
society	O
,	O
a	O
government	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
nonpartisan	O
government	O
by	O
a	O
coalition	O
of	O
forces	O
opposed	O
to	O
corruption	O
,	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
an	O
efficient	O
and	O
dynamic	O
government	O
,	O
a	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
,	O
law	O
and	O
order	O
,	O
environmental	O
preservation	O
,	O
education	O
,	O
culture	O
,	O
reconstruction	O
from	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
September	B-EVENT
21st	I-EVENT
earthquake	I-EVENT
,	O
and	O
various	O
other	O
issues	O
.	O


The	O
common	O
thread	O
running	O
through	O
his	O
domestic	O
policy	O
remarks	O
was	O
an	O
emphasis	O
on	O
reform	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
sensitive	O
topic	O
of	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
,	O
he	O
sent	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
positive	O
signals	O
to	O
Beijing	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
speech	O
put	O
a	O
heavy	O
stress	O
on	O
democracy	O
and	O
human	O
rights	O
,	O
a	O
reflection	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
expectations	O
the	O
public	O
holds	O
for	O
the	O
government	O
on	O
these	O
fronts	O
.	O


Later	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
day	I-TIME
,	O
post-inaugural	O
celebrations	O
kicked	O
off	O
around	O
the	O
island	O
and	O
commentary	O
on	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
address	O
came	O
pouring	O
in	O
from	O
across	O
the	O
political	O
spectrum	O
.	O


What	O
was	O
the	O
overseas	O
reaction	O
?	O


What	O
did	O
domestic	O
commentators	O
have	O
to	O
say	O
?	O


How	O
will	O
Chen	B-PERSON
's	O
presidency	O
change	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
?	O


The	O
new	O
president	O
's	O
inaugural	O
ceremony	O
began	O
at	O
9:00	B-TIME
am	I-TIME
on	I-TIME
20	I-TIME
May	I-TIME
at	O
the	B-ORG
Presidential	I-ORG
Palace	I-ORG
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
and	O
Annette	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
were	O
sworn	O
in	O
by	O
Weng	B-PERSON
Yueh	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Judicial	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
,	O
then	O
Legislative	B-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
Speaker	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Jin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
pyng	I-PERSON
presented	O
Chen	B-PERSON
with	O
the	O
official	O
seal	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
and	O
three	B-CARDINAL
other	O
presidential	O
seals	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
took	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
act	O
as	O
president	O
by	O
signing	O
his	O
name	O
to	O
the	O
appointments	O
of	O
Tang	B-PERSON
Fei	I-PERSON
as	O
premier	O
,	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
as	O
secretary	O
-	O
general	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
President	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Chuang	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yao	I-PERSON
as	O
secretary	O
-	O
general	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
.	O


After	O
Tang	B-PERSON
took	O
his	O
oath	O
,	O
he	O
submitted	O
his	O
Cabinet	B-ORG
nominations	O
to	O
Chen	B-PERSON
for	O
formal	O
appointment	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
remarkable	O
moment	O
of	O
the	O
inauguration	O
came	O
at	O
11:00	B-TIME
am	I-TIME
when	O
Chen	B-PERSON
strolled	O
into	O
the	O
open	O
air	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
oath	O
of	O
office	O
and	O
deliver	O
his	O
inaugural	O
address	O
to	O
the	O
nation	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Presidential	I-ORG
Palace	I-ORG
.	O


Featuring	O
aboriginal	O
folk	O
songs	O
and	O
a	O
rendition	O
of	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
national	O
anthem	O
by	O
pop	O
queen	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Hui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
mei	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
ceremony	O
was	O
attended	O
by	O
over	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
guests	O
,	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
local	O
citizens	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
national	O
anthem	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
delivered	O
his	O
much	O
anticipated	O
inaugural	O
address	O
.	O


Observers	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
were	O
waiting	O
and	O
wondering	O
-	O
would	O
he	O
address	O
the	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
China	B-GPE
"	O
issue	O
?	O


In	O
his	O
40	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
minute	I-TIME
speech	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
declared	O
the	O
determination	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
carry	O
out	O
a	O
peaceful	O
transfer	O
of	O
power	O
between	O
political	O
parties	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
continue	O
forward	O
with	O
their	O
democratic	O
political	O
system	O
.	O


He	O
called	O
for	O
a	O
government	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
a	O
non-partisan	O
coalition	O
of	O
the	O
forces	O
opposed	O
to	O
corruption	O
,	O
and	O
declared	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
's	O
determination	O
to	O
improve	O
law	O
and	O
order	O
,	O
the	O
economy	O
,	O
the	O
environment	O
,	O
post-earthquake	O
reconstruction	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
aspects	O
of	O
life	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


On	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
stressed	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
share	O
a	O
common	O
ancestral	O
,	O
cultural	O
,	O
and	O
historical	O
background	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
stated	O
his	O
belief	O
that	O
the	O
leaders	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
have	O
the	O
wisdom	O
and	O
creativity	O
to	O
jointly	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
a	O
future	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
China	B-GPE
.	O
"	O


He	O
also	O
promised	O
that	O
during	O
his	O
presidency	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
Communist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
regime	O
renounces	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
military	O
force	O
against	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
will	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
1	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
not	O
declare	O
independence	O
;	O
-LRB-	O
2	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
not	O
change	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
name	O
;	O
-LRB-	O
3	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
not	O
push	O
for	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
state	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
state	O
"	O
formula	O
in	O
the	O
constitution	O
;	O
-LRB-	O
4	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
not	O
promote	O
a	O
referendum	O
on	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
independence	O
;	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
5	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
not	O
seek	O
to	O
abolish	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Reunification	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
or	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Reunification	I-ORG
Guidelines	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
also	O
had	O
a	O
message	O
for	O
his	O
international	O
audience	O
,	O
promising	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
more	O
active	O
contribution	O
to	O
safeguarding	O
international	O
human	O
rights	O
.	O


He	O
stated	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
would	O
abide	O
by	O
the	B-LAW
Universal	I-LAW
Declaration	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Human	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
,	O
the	B-LAW
International	I-LAW
Covenant	I-LAW
on	I-LAW
Civil	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
Political	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
,	O
and	O
the	B-LAW
Vienna	I-LAW
Declaration	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
Program	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Action	I-LAW
.	O


He	O
also	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
would	O
request	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
to	O
pass	O
and	O
ratify	O
the	B-LAW
International	I-LAW
Bill	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
as	O
a	O
domestic	O
law	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
formally	O
become	O
the	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
Taiwan	I-LAW
Bill	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
.	O
"	O


Later	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
day	I-TIME
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
various	O
political	O
parties	O
all	O
released	O
statements	O
on	O
the	O
inaugural	O
address	O
.	O


Chang	B-PERSON
Jung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kung	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
-	O
general	O
of	O
the	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
's	O
Department	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Mainland	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
,	O
stated	O
that	O
Chen	B-PERSON
failed	O
to	O
break	O
any	O
new	O
ground	O
in	O
his	O
statements	O
on	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
,	O
and	O
said	O
that	O
while	O
Chen	B-PERSON
had	O
succeeded	O
in	O
calming	O
the	O
atmosphere	O
for	O
the	O
time	O
being	O
,	O
the	O
stalemate	O
remains	O
unresolved	O
.	O


The	O
People	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
PFP	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
and	O
New	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
NP	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
gave	O
a	O
more	O
positive	O
evaluation	O
.	O


PFP	B-ORG
Secretary	O
-	O
General	O
David	B-PERSON
Chung	I-PERSON
felt	O
that	O
the	O
president	O
had	O
sent	O
a	O
positive	O
signal	O
to	O
the	O
mainland	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
his	O
domestic	O
policy	O
lacked	O
the	O
sense	O
of	O
direction	O
that	O
would	O
come	O
from	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
vision	O
.	O


NP	B-ORG
convener	O
Hau	B-PERSON
Lung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
pin	I-PERSON
commended	O
Chen	B-PERSON
for	O
his	O
finessing	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
China	B-GPE
"	O
issue	O
.	O


Beijing	B-GPE
responded	O
almost	O
immediately	O
to	O
Chen	B-PERSON
's	O
speech	O
.	O


While	O
expressing	O
dissatisfaction	O
at	O
his	O
avoidance	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
China	B-GPE
"	O
issue	O
,	O
they	O
also	O
stated	O
that	O
it	O
might	O
be	O
possible	O
to	O
re-start	O
cross-strait	O
negotiations	O
if	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
were	O
willing	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
China	B-GPE
formula	O
adopted	O
during	O
talks	O
in	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
agreed	O
that	O
each	O
side	O
could	O
maintain	O
its	O
own	O
interpretation	O
of	O
what	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
China	B-GPE
"	O
means	O
.	O


US	B-GPE
President	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
praised	O
Chen	B-PERSON
's	O
speech	O
as	O
pragmatic	O
and	O
constructive	O
,	O
and	O
stated	O
his	O
hope	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
resume	O
dialogue	O
at	O
an	O
early	O
date	O
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Yohei	B-PERSON
Kono	I-PERSON
also	O
commented	O
favorably	O
,	O
indicating	O
his	O
government	O
's	O
hope	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
can	O
engage	O
in	O
dialogue	O
and	O
work	O
for	O
a	O
peaceful	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
cross-strait	O
issue	O
now	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
president	O
has	O
taken	O
office	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
heads	O
of	O
state	O
and	O
representatives	O
from	O
countries	O
with	O
which	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
enjoys	O
either	O
formal	O
diplomatic	O
ties	O
or	O
friendly	O
relations	O
,	O
the	O
inaugural	O
was	O
also	O
attended	O
by	O
three	B-CARDINAL
generations	O
of	O
democracy	O
activists	O
from	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Xiling	I-PERSON
,	O
Wei	B-PERSON
Jingsheng	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Dan	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
and	O
Lech	B-PERSON
Walesa	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
1983	B-DATE
Nobel	B-WORK_OF_ART
Peace	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
winner	O
and	O
former	O
president	O
of	O
Poland	B-GPE
.	O


All	O
these	O
visitors	O
complimented	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
for	O
his	O
speech	O
and	O
expressed	O
support	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
determination	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
path	O
of	O
democracy	O
,	O
freedom	O
,	O
and	O
peace	O
.	O


On	O
the	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
of	O
inauguration	B-EVENT
day	I-EVENT
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
carried	O
out	O
two	B-CARDINAL
functions	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Grand	I-FAC
Hotel	I-FAC
.	O


After	O
hosting	O
a	O
gathering	O
of	O
DPP	B-ORG
members	O
on	O
one	B-CARDINAL
floor	O
of	O
the	O
hotel	O
,	O
the	O
president	O
then	O
proceeded	O
to	O
an	O
official	O
state	O
banquet	O
for	O
VIPs	O
on	O
another	O
floor	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
hotel	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
function	O
,	O
party	O
chairman	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Yi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
had	O
a	O
word	O
of	O
caution	O
for	O
his	O
fellow	O
party	O
members	O
:	O
"	O
We	O
must	O
not	O
let	O
our	O
newly	O
attained	O
power	O
go	O
to	O
our	O
heads	O
.	O
"	O


There	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
big	O
inaugural	O
celebration	O
on	O
the	O
big	O
square	O
that	O
evening	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Chiang	I-FAC
Kai	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
shek	I-FAC
Memorial	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
celebration	O
moved	O
the	O
next	O
evening	O
to	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
other	O
celebrations	O
went	O
on	O
all	O
across	O
the	O
island	O
.	O


The	B-FAC
Sun	I-FAC
Yat	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
sen	I-FAC
Memorial	I-FAC
Hall	I-FAC
marked	O
the	O
occasion	O
by	O
holding	O
a	O
special	O
exhibit	O
of	O
contemporary	O
Chinese	B-NORP
painting	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
sorts	O
of	O
hot	O
-	O
selling	O
commemorative	O
products	O
appeared	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
including	O
alcoholic	O
beverages	O
,	O
coins	O
,	O
pens	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Everyone	O
has	O
high	O
hopes	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
presidency	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
must	O
remember	O
that	O
May	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
is	O
just	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
step	O
on	O
a	O
long	O
journey	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
brighter	O
future	O
is	O
to	O
actually	O
take	O
shape	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
and	O
citizens	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
work	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


p.	O
75	B-CARDINAL


In	O
his	O
May	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
inaugural	O
address	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
left	O
-RRB-	O
declared	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
era	O
.	O


Shown	O
at	O
right	O
is	O
Vice	O
President	O
Annette	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Diago	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
76	B-CARDINAL


To	O
highlight	O
the	O
new	O
president	O
's	O
humble	O
beginnings	O
,	O
the	O
post-inaugural	O
state	O
banquet	O
went	O
long	O
on	O
typical	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
dishes	O
.	O


The	O
menus	O
were	O
printed	O
on	O
fans	O
like	O
the	O
one	O
shown	O
here	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
77	B-CARDINAL


Pop	O
diva	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Hui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
mei	I-PERSON
sang	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
national	O
anthem	O
at	O
the	O
inaugural	O
and	O
angered	O
the	B-NORP
Chinese	I-NORP
communists	I-NORP
,	O
who	O
reacted	O
by	O
pulling	O
her	O
long	O
-	O
running	O
Sprite	B-PRODUCT
commercials	O
from	O
the	O
air	O
and	O
banning	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
her	O
music	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
had	O
expected	O
a	O
pop	O
star	O
like	O
Ah	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
mei	I-PERSON
to	O
get	O
embroiled	O
in	O
cross-strait	O
politics	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Diago	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
Stands	O
Up	O
:	O


Moving	O
Toward	O
a	O
Brighter	O
Future	O


Leaders	O
of	O
our	O
friendly	O
nations	O
,	O
distinguished	O
guests	O
and	O
compatriots	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
abroad	O
;	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
glorious	O
moment	O
;	O
this	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
solemn	O
moment	O
full	O
of	O
hope	O
.	O


I	O
thank	O
our	O
distinguished	O
guests	O
,	O
who	O
have	O
come	O
here	O
from	O
afar	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
those	O
friends	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
who	O
love	O
democracy	O
and	O
care	O
about	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
for	O
sharing	O
this	O
glorious	O
moment	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
here	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
not	O
just	O
to	O
celebrate	O
an	O
inauguration	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
witness	O
the	O
flowering	O
of	O
hard	O
-	O
won	O
democratic	O
values	O
and	O
the	O
dawn	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
era	O
.	O


On	O
the	B-DATE
eve	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
completed	O
a	O
historic	O
alternation	O
of	O
political	O
parties	O
in	O
power	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
its	O
kind	O
in	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
,	O
but	O
also	O
an	O
epochal	O
landmark	O
for	O
Chinese	B-NORP
communities	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
not	O
only	O
set	O
a	O
new	O
model	O
for	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
experience	O
of	O
democracy	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
also	O
added	O
an	O
inspiring	O
example	O
to	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
wave	O
of	O
democracy	O
the	O
world	O
over	O
.	O


The	O
election	O
for	O
the	O
10th	B-ORDINAL
-	O
term	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
has	O
clearly	O
shown	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
the	O
fruits	O
of	O
freedom	O
and	O
democracy	O
are	O
not	O
easy	O
to	O
come	O
by	O
.	O


Twenty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
through	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
determined	O
will	O
,	O
have	O
dispelled	O
enmity	O
with	O
love	O
,	O
overcome	O
intimidation	O
with	O
hope	O
,	O
and	O
conquered	O
fear	O
with	O
faith	O
.	O


With	O
our	O
sacred	O
votes	O
we	O
have	O
proved	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
freedom	O
and	O
democracy	O
are	O
indisputable	O
universal	O
values	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
peace	O
is	O
humanity	O
's	O
highest	O
goal	O
.	O


The	O
outcome	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
year	B-DATE
2000	I-DATE
presidential	O
election	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
victory	O
of	O
an	O
individual	O
or	O
a	O
political	O
party	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
victory	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
victory	O
for	O
democracy	O
,	O
because	O
we	O
have	O
,	O
while	O
attracting	O
global	O
attention	O
,	O
transcended	O
fear	O
,	O
threats	O
and	O
oppression	O
and	O
bravely	O
risen	O
to	O
our	O
feet	O
together	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
stands	O
up	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
a	O
firm	O
insistence	O
on	O
reason	O
and	O
a	O
sturdy	O
faith	O
in	O
democracy	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
stands	O
up	O
,	O
representing	O
the	O
self	O
-	O
confidence	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
the	O
dignity	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
stands	O
up	O
,	O
symbolizing	O
the	O
quest	O
for	O
hope	O
and	O
the	O
realization	O
of	O
dreams	O
.	O


Dear	O
compatriots	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
always	O
remember	O
this	O
moment	O
;	O
let	O
's	O
always	O
remember	O
to	O
value	O
and	O
feel	O
gratitude	O
for	O
it	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
fruits	O
of	O
democracy	O
did	O
not	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
blue	O
.	O


We	O
reaped	O
the	O
fruits	O
only	O
after	O
we	O
had	O
been	O
subjected	O
to	O
many	O
perils	O
and	O
countless	O
hardships	O
.	O


If	O
not	O
for	O
the	O
fearless	O
sacrifice	O
of	O
our	O
democratic	O
forebears	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
for	O
the	O
unswerving	O
faith	O
of	O
the	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
millions	I-CARDINAL
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
people	O
in	O
freedom	O
and	O
democracy	O
,	O
we	O
could	O
not	O
possibly	O
be	O
standing	O
on	O
our	O
beloved	O
land	O
today	B-DATE
and	O
celebrating	O
a	O
glorious	O
occasion	O
that	O
belongs	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
is	O
as	O
if	O
we	O
are	O
standing	O
before	O
a	O
fresh	O
new	O
gate	O
of	O
history	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
democratization	O
,	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
people	O
have	O
created	O
a	O
brand	O
-	O
new	O
key	O
to	O
our	O
shared	O
destiny	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
century	O
's	O
gates	O
of	O
hope	O
are	O
soon	O
to	O
open	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
humble	O
but	O
not	O
submissive	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
self	O
-	O
confidence	O
but	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
slightest	O
bit	O
of	O
complacence	O
.	O


Since	O
that	O
moment	O
on	O
March	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
when	O
the	O
election	O
results	O
came	O
to	O
light	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
accepted	O
the	O
mandate	O
of	O
all	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
people	O
in	O
a	O
most	O
earnest	O
and	O
humble	O
frame	O
of	O
mind	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
vowed	O
to	O
devote	O
all	O
my	O
heart	O
,	O
knowledge	O
and	O
courage	O
to	O
assuming	O
the	O
heavy	O
responsibility	O
for	O
our	O
country	O
's	O
future	O
.	O


I	O
personally	O
understand	O
that	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
the	O
alternation	O
of	O
political	O
parties	O
and	O
of	O
the	O
peaceful	O
transition	O
of	O
power	O
lies	O
not	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
change	O
of	O
personnel	O
or	O
political	O
parties	O
.	O


Nor	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
dynastic	O
change	O
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
return	O
of	O
state	O
and	O
government	O
power	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
through	O
a	O
democratic	O
procedure	O
.	O


The	O
country	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
to	O
any	O
individual	O
or	O
political	O
party	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
and	O
its	O
officials	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
state	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
rank	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
file	O
employees	O
,	O
exist	O
for	O
the	O
service	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
alternation	O
of	O
political	O
parties	O
does	O
not	O
mean	O
an	O
across	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
board	O
negation	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
be	O
fair	O
in	O
evaluating	O
the	O
contributions	O
made	O
by	O
those	O
in	O
power	O
throughout	O
the	O
ages	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
deserves	O
our	O
highest	O
tribute	O
and	O
heartfelt	O
gratitude	O
for	O
his	O
promotion	O
of	O
democratic	O
reforms	O
and	O
for	O
his	O
excellent	O
performance	O
during	O
his	O
twelve	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
leadership	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
society	O
has	O
rallied	O
and	O
participated	O
energetically	O
in	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


Despite	O
the	O
diverse	O
views	O
and	O
stances	O
,	O
all	O
individuals	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
commitment	O
-	O
to	O
come	O
forward	O
for	O
the	O
sake	O
of	O
their	O
political	O
ideas	O
and	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
future	O
.	O


We	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
an	O
election	O
is	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
reconciliation	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
curtain	O
falls	O
on	O
emotional	O
campaigns	O
,	O
rationality	O
should	O
prevail	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
supreme	O
principles	O
of	O
national	O
interest	O
and	O
the	O
welfare	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
those	O
in	O
power	O
and	O
in	O
opposition	O
should	O
both	O
fulfill	O
their	O
mandates	O
given	O
by	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
realize	O
the	O
ideals	O
of	O
fair	O
competition	O
in	O
multiparty	O
politics	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
checks	O
and	O
balances	O
of	O
democratic	O
politics	O
.	O


A	O
democratic	O
society	O
with	O
fair	O
competition	O
,	O
tolerance	O
and	O
trust	O
is	O
the	O
strongest	O
impetus	O
for	O
a	O
nation	O
's	O
development	O
.	O


Placing	O
national	O
interests	O
above	O
those	O
of	O
political	O
parties	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
solidify	O
the	O
will	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
seek	O
consensus	O
among	O
the	O
ruling	O
and	O
opposition	O
parties	O
,	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
progress	O
and	O
reforms	O
.	O


"	O
A	O
government	O
for	O
all	O
people	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
rule	O
by	O
the	O
clean	O
and	O
upright	O
"	O
are	O
promises	O
I	O
made	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
during	O
the	O
campaign	O
period	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
also	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
key	O
to	O
stepping	O
over	O
its	O
fault	O
lines	O
and	O
rising	O
to	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


The	O
spirit	O
of	O
"	O
a	O
government	O
for	O
all	O
people	O
"	O
lies	O
in	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
government	O
exists	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
people	O
are	O
the	O
masters	O
and	O
shareholders	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
should	O
rule	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
majority	O
public	O
opinion	O
.	O


The	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
should	O
reign	O
supreme	O
over	O
those	O
of	O
any	O
political	O
party	O
or	O
individual	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
always	O
taken	O
pride	O
in	O
being	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Progressive	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
but	O
from	O
the	O
moment	O
I	O
take	O
my	O
oath	O
and	O
assume	O
the	O
presidency	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
put	O
all	O
my	O
efforts	O
into	O
fulfilling	O
my	O
role	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
president	O
for	O
all	O
people	O
.	O
"	O


As	O
in	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
,	O
we	O
recruit	O
people	O
according	O
to	O
their	O
talents	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
discriminate	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
ethnicity	O
,	O
gender	O
or	O
party	O
affiliation	O
.	O


The	O
welfare	O
of	O
the	O
populace	O
shall	O
be	O
our	O
primary	O
goal	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


"	O
Rule	O
by	O
the	O
clean	O
and	O
upright	O
"	O
has	O
as	O
its	O
topmost	O
priority	O
the	O
elimination	O
of	O
"	O
black	O
gold	O
"	O
-	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
organized	O
crime	O
and	O
moneyed	O
interests	O
in	O
politics	O
-	O
and	O
the	O
eradication	O
of	O
vote	O
-	O
buying	O
.	O


For	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
people	O
have	O
been	O
deeply	O
repelled	O
by	O
moneyed	O
politics	O
and	O
the	O
interference	O
of	O
organized	O
crime	O
.	O


Vote	O
-	O
buying	O
in	O
grassroots	O
elections	O
has	O
also	O
robbed	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
their	O
right	O
to	O
elect	O
the	O
wise	O
and	O
the	O
able	O
,	O
and	O
tainted	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
democracy	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
I	O
am	O
willing	O
to	O
promise	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
will	O
eliminate	O
vote	O
-	O
buying	O
and	O
crack	O
down	O
on	O
"	O
black	O
gold	O
"	O
politics	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
can	O
rise	O
above	O
such	O
sinking	O
forces	O
and	O
ensure	O
rule	O
by	O
the	O
clean	O
and	O
upright	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
give	O
the	O
people	O
a	O
clean	O
political	O
environment	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
government	O
reforms	O
,	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
government	O
that	O
is	O
clean	O
,	O
efficient	O
,	O
far	O
-	O
sighted	O
,	O
dynamic	O
,	O
highly	O
flexible	O
and	O
responsive	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
ensure	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
competitiveness	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
increasingly	O
fierce	O
global	O
competition	O
.	O


The	O
age	O
of	O
"	O
large	O
and	O
capable	O
"	O
governments	O
has	O
now	O
passed	O
,	O
replaced	O
by	O
one	O
of	O
"	O
small	O
and	O
effective	O
"	O
governments	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
established	O
partnership	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
accelerate	O
the	O
streamlining	O
of	O
government	O
functions	O
and	O
organization	O
and	O
actively	O
expand	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
public	O
participation	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
not	O
only	O
allow	O
the	O
public	O
to	O
fully	O
utilize	O
its	O
energy	O
but	O
also	O
significantly	O
reduce	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
burdens	O
.	O


Similar	O
partnership	O
relations	O
should	O
also	O
be	O
set	O
up	O
between	O
the	O
central	O
and	O
local	O
governments	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
to	O
break	O
the	O
authoritarian	O
and	O
centralized	O
control	O
over	O
both	O
power	O
and	O
money	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
to	O
realize	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
local	O
autonomy	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
local	O
and	O
central	O
governments	O
share	O
resources	O
and	O
responsibilities	O
,	O
where	O
"	O
the	O
central	O
government	O
will	O
not	O
do	O
what	O
the	O
local	O
governments	O
can	O
.	O
"	O


Whether	O
in	O
the	O
east	O
,	O
west	O
,	O
north	O
or	O
south	O
,	O
whether	O
on	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
proper	O
or	O
on	O
offshore	O
islands	O
,	O
all	O
will	O
enjoy	O
balanced	O
,	O
pluralistic	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
gap	O
between	O
urban	O
and	O
rural	O
areas	O
will	O
be	O
reduced	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
understand	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
no	O
panacea	O
for	O
all	O
ills	O
.	O


The	O
driving	O
force	O
for	O
economic	O
development	O
and	O
societal	O
progress	O
is	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
people	O
have	O
toiled	O
hard	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
economic	O
miracle	O
that	O
has	O
won	O
global	O
applause	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
lay	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
the	O
survival	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
facing	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
fast	O
-	O
changing	O
information	O
technologies	O
and	O
trade	O
liberalization	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
must	O
move	O
toward	O
a	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
.	O


High	O
-	O
tech	O
industries	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
constantly	O
innovative	O
,	O
while	O
traditional	O
ones	O
have	O
to	O
undergo	O
transformation	O
and	O
upgrading	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
should	O
not	O
necessarily	O
play	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
leader	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
manager	O
.	O
"	O


On	O
the	O
contrary	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
the	O
"	O
supporter	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
service	O
provider	O
,	O
"	O
as	O
expected	O
by	O
private	O
enterprises	O
.	O


The	O
responsibility	O
of	O
a	O
modern	O
government	O
is	O
to	O
raise	O
administrative	O
efficiency	O
,	O
improve	O
the	O
domestic	O
investment	O
environment	O
,	O
and	O
maintain	O
financial	O
order	O
and	O
stock	O
market	O
stability	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
economy	O
to	O
move	O
toward	O
full	O
liberalization	O
and	O
globalization	O
through	O
fair	O
competition	O
.	O


Based	O
on	O
these	O
principles	O
,	O
the	O
vitality	O
of	O
the	O
public	O
will	O
naturally	O
bloom	O
and	O
create	O
a	O
new	O
phase	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
miracle	O
.	O


Apart	O
from	O
consolidating	O
democratic	O
achievements	O
,	O
promoting	O
government	O
reforms	O
,	O
and	O
raising	O
economic	O
competitiveness	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
should	O
,	O
as	O
its	O
foremost	O
objective	O
,	O
closely	O
watch	O
public	O
opinion	O
and	O
implement	O
reforms	O
accordingly	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
on	O
this	O
land	O
can	O
live	O
with	O
more	O
dignity	O
,	O
greater	O
self	O
-	O
confidence	O
and	O
a	O
better	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


Let	O
our	O
society	O
not	O
only	O
be	O
safe	O
,	O
harmonious	O
and	O
prosperous	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
follow	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
fairness	O
and	O
justice	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
cultivate	O
the	O
ever	O
-	O
growing	O
abilities	O
of	O
our	O
citizens	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
let	O
our	O
next	O
generation	O
learn	O
in	O
an	O
environment	O
filled	O
with	O
happiness	O
and	O
hope	O
.	O


The	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
will	O
be	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
"	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
a	O
quality	O
life	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
a	O
refined	O
way	O
of	O
life	O
"	O
are	O
much	O
emphasized	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
will	O
find	O
solutions	O
for	O
issues	O
relating	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
's	O
lives	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
law	O
and	O
order	O
,	O
social	O
welfare	O
,	O
environmental	O
protection	O
,	O
land	O
-	O
use	O
planning	O
,	O
waste	O
disposal	O
,	O
river	O
cleaning	O
,	O
transportation	O
and	O
community	O
renewal	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
also	O
have	O
to	O
implement	O
these	O
solutions	O
thoroughly	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
immediately	O
improve	O
law	O
and	O
order	O
and	O
environmental	O
protection	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
important	O
indicators	O
of	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
build	O
a	O
new	O
social	O
order	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
may	O
live	O
in	O
peace	O
without	O
fear	O
.	O


A	O
balance	O
must	O
be	O
ensured	O
between	O
nature	O
conservation	O
and	O
economic	O
development	O
so	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
may	O
develop	O
into	O
a	O
sustainable	O
green	O
silicon	O
island	O
.	O


Judicial	O
integrity	O
is	O
the	O
bulwark	O
of	O
political	O
democracy	O
and	O
social	O
justice	O
.	O


An	O
impartial	O
,	O
independent	O
judiciary	O
is	O
a	O
protector	O
of	O
social	O
order	O
and	O
a	O
defender	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
's	O
rights	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
we	O
still	O
have	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
to	O
go	O
in	O
our	O
judicial	O
reforms	O
.	O


Our	O
compatriots	O
must	O
continue	O
to	O
keep	O
close	O
watch	O
over	O
the	O
judiciary	O
and	O
voice	O
their	O
expectations	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
also	O
restrain	O
our	O
administrative	O
power	O
and	O
give	O
the	O
judiciary	O
room	O
to	O
operate	O
independently	O
and	O
without	O
interference	O
.	O


Humans	O
are	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
most	O
important	O
resources	O
.	O


Talented	O
people	O
hold	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
competitiveness	O
,	O
while	O
education	O
is	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
cause	O
underpinning	O
"	O
accumulating	O
wealth	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
.	O
"	O


We	O
will	O
soon	O
seek	O
a	O
consensus	O
among	O
the	O
ruling	O
and	O
opposition	O
parties	O
,	O
academia	O
and	O
the	O
public	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
carry	O
on	O
with	O
educational	O
reforms	O
and	O
build	O
a	O
healthy	O
,	O
proactive	O
,	O
lively	O
and	O
innovative	O
educational	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
allow	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
cultivate	O
an	O
uninterrupted	O
stream	O
of	O
top	O
-	O
notch	O
talents	O
amid	O
the	O
fierce	O
international	O
competition	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
let	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
move	O
gradually	O
toward	O
being	O
a	O
"	O
learning	O
organism	O
"	O
and	O
a	O
"	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
society	O
.	O
"	O


We	O
will	O
also	O
encourage	O
people	O
to	O
take	O
up	O
lifetime	O
learning	O
to	O
fully	O
develop	O
their	O
potential	O
and	O
creativity	O
.	O


Grassroots	O
community	O
organizations	O
are	O
now	O
developing	O
around	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
working	O
to	O
explore	O
and	O
preserve	O
the	O
history	O
,	O
culture	O
,	O
geography	O
and	O
ecology	O
of	O
their	O
localities	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
all	O
part	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
culture	O
,	O
whether	O
they	O
are	O
local	O
cultures	O
,	O
mass	O
cultures	O
or	O
high	O
cultures	O
.	O


Due	O
to	O
special	O
historical	O
and	O
geographical	O
factors	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
possesses	O
a	O
wealth	O
of	O
diversified	O
cultural	O
elements	O
.	O


But	O
cultural	O
development	O
is	O
not	O
something	O
that	O
can	O
bring	O
immediate	O
success	O
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
accumulated	O
bit	O
by	O
bit	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
open	O
our	O
hearts	O
with	O
tolerance	O
and	O
respect	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
our	O
diverse	O
ethnic	O
groups	O
and	O
different	O
regional	O
cultures	O
may	O
communicate	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
local	O
cultures	O
may	O
connect	O
with	O
the	O
cultures	O
of	O
Chinese	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
speaking	O
communities	O
and	O
other	O
world	O
cultures	O
,	O
and	O
create	O
a	O
new	O
milieu	O
of	O
"	O
a	O
cultural	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
a	O
modern	O
century	O
.	O
"	O


The	B-EVENT
September	I-EVENT
21	I-EVENT
earthquake	I-EVENT
that	O
struck	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
brought	O
to	O
our	O
land	O
and	O
our	O
compatriots	O
an	O
unprecedented	O
catastrophe	O
,	O
the	O
pain	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
yet	O
to	O
heal	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
government	O
will	O
brook	O
no	O
delay	O
in	O
the	O
reconstruction	O
of	O
disaster	O
areas	O
,	O
including	O
industrial	O
and	O
spiritual	O
recovery	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
not	O
cease	O
until	O
the	O
last	O
victim	O
is	O
taken	O
care	O
of	O
and	O
the	O
last	O
destroyed	O
place	O
is	O
rebuilt	O
.	O


Here	O
,	O
we	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
express	O
our	O
highest	O
respect	O
again	O
for	O
all	O
individuals	O
and	O
nongovernmental	O
organizations	O
that	O
have	O
selflessly	O
lent	O
a	O
hand	O
to	O
the	O
rescue	O
and	O
reconstruction	O
work	O
after	O
the	O
disaster	O
.	O


Amid	O
the	O
fierce	O
power	O
of	O
Nature	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
seen	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
most	O
beautiful	O
compassion	O
,	O
strongest	O
faith	O
and	O
greatest	O
trust	O
.	O


Our	O
compatriots	O
have	O
been	O
injured	O
by	O
the	B-EVENT
September	I-EVENT
21	I-EVENT
earthquake	I-EVENT
,	O
but	O
with	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
volunteer	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
"	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
new	O
family	O
will	O
stand	O
up	O
resolutely	O
on	O
its	O
feet	O
once	O
again	O
.	O


Dear	O
compatriots	O
,	O
400	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
Taiwan	B-GPE
was	O
called	O
"	O
Ihla	B-GPE
Formosa	I-GPE
"	O
-	O
the	O
beautiful	O
island	O
-	O
for	O
its	O
lustrous	O
landscape	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
manifesting	O
the	O
elegance	O
of	O
a	O
democratic	O
island	O
,	O
once	O
again	O
attracting	O
global	O
attention	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
people	O
on	O
this	O
land	O
create	O
a	O
new	O
page	O
in	O
our	O
history	O
.	O


We	O
believe	O
that	O
the	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
,	O
with	O
its	O
democratic	O
achievements	O
and	O
technological	O
and	O
economic	O
prowess	O
,	O
can	O
certainly	O
continue	O
to	O
play	O
an	O
indispensable	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
strengthening	O
the	O
existing	O
relations	O
with	O
friendly	O
nations	O
,	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
actively	O
participate	O
in	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
international	O
nongovernmental	O
organizations	O
.	O


Through	O
humanitarian	O
care	O
,	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
,	O
cultural	O
exchanges	O
and	O
various	O
other	O
ways	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
actively	O
participate	O
in	O
international	O
affairs	O
,	O
expand	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
room	O
for	O
survival	O
in	O
the	O
international	O
arena	O
,	O
and	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
welfare	O
of	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
.	O


Besides	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
also	O
willing	O
to	O
commit	O
to	O
a	O
more	O
active	O
contribution	O
in	O
safeguarding	O
international	O
human	O
rights	O
.	O


The	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
can	O
not	O
and	O
will	O
not	O
remain	O
outside	O
global	O
human	O
rights	O
trends	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
abide	O
by	O
the	B-LAW
Universal	I-LAW
Declaration	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Human	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
,	O
the	B-LAW
International	I-LAW
Convention	I-LAW
for	I-LAW
Civil	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
Political	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
,	O
and	O
the	B-LAW
Vienna	I-LAW
Declaration	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
Program	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Action	I-LAW
.	O


We	O
will	O
bring	O
the	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
back	O
into	O
the	O
international	O
human	O
rights	O
system	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
government	O
will	O
urge	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
to	O
ratify	O
the	O
International	O
Bill	B-LAW
of	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
as	O
a	O
domestic	O
law	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
formally	O
become	O
the	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
Taiwan	I-LAW
Bill	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
.	O
"	O


We	O
hope	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
an	O
independent	O
national	O
human	O
rights	O
commission	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
thereby	O
realizing	O
an	O
action	O
long	O
advocated	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


We	O
will	O
also	O
invite	O
two	B-CARDINAL
outstanding	O
nongovernmental	O
organizations	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Jurists	I-ORG
and	O
Amnesty	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
,	O
to	O
assist	O
us	O
in	O
our	O
measures	O
to	O
protect	O
human	O
rights	O
and	O
make	O
the	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
into	O
a	O
new	O
indicator	O
for	O
human	O
rights	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


We	O
firmly	O
believe	O
that	O
at	O
no	O
time	O
,	O
nor	O
in	O
any	O
corner	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
can	O
the	O
meaning	O
and	O
values	O
of	O
freedom	O
,	O
democracy	O
and	O
human	O
rights	O
be	O
ignored	O
or	O
changed	O
.	O


The	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
left	O
us	O
with	O
a	O
major	O
lesson	O
-	O
that	O
war	O
is	O
a	O
failure	O
of	O
humanity	O
.	O


Waged	O
for	O
whatever	O
lofty	O
purposes	O
or	O
high	O
-	O
sounding	O
reasons	O
,	O
war	O
is	O
the	O
greatest	O
harm	O
to	O
freedom	O
,	O
democracy	O
and	O
human	O
rights	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
hundred	I-DATE
plus	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
suffered	O
imperialist	O
aggression	O
,	O
which	O
left	O
indelible	O
wounds	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
had	O
an	O
even	O
sadder	O
fate	O
,	O
tormented	O
by	O
brute	O
force	O
and	O
colonial	O
rule	O
.	O


These	O
similar	O
historical	O
experiences	O
should	O
bring	O
mutual	O
understanding	O
between	O
the	O
people	O
on	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
,	O
setting	O
a	O
solid	O
foundation	O
for	O
pursuing	O
freedom	O
,	O
democracy	O
and	O
human	O
rights	O
together	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
long	O
period	O
of	O
separation	O
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
have	O
developed	O
vastly	O
different	O
political	O
systems	O
and	O
ways	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
obstructing	O
empathy	O
and	O
friendship	O
between	O
the	O
people	O
on	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
creating	O
a	O
wall	O
of	O
divisiveness	O
and	O
confrontation	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
as	O
the	B-EVENT
Cold	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
has	O
ended	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
to	O
cast	O
aside	O
the	O
hostility	O
left	O
from	O
the	O
old	O
era	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
wait	O
further	O
because	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
opportunity	O
now	O
for	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
era	O
of	O
reconciliation	O
together	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
on	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
share	O
the	O
same	O
ancestral	O
,	O
cultural	O
,	O
and	O
historical	O
background	O
.	O


While	O
upholding	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
democracy	O
and	O
parity	O
,	O
building	O
upon	O
the	O
existing	O
foundations	O
,	O
and	O
constructing	O
conditions	O
for	O
cooperation	O
through	O
good	O
will	O
,	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
leaders	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
possess	O
enough	O
wisdom	O
and	O
creativity	O
to	O
jointly	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
a	O
future	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
China	B-GPE
.	O
"	O


I	O
fully	O
understand	O
that	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
popularly	O
elected	O
10th	B-ORDINAL
-	O
term	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
,	O
I	O
must	O
abide	O
by	O
the	O
Constitution	B-LAW
,	O
maintain	O
the	O
sovereignty	O
,	O
dignity	O
and	O
security	O
of	O
our	O
country	O
,	O
and	O
ensure	O
the	O
well	O
-	O
being	O
of	O
all	O
citizens	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
CCP	B-ORG
regime	O
has	O
no	O
intention	O
to	O
use	O
military	O
force	O
against	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
pledge	O
that	O
during	O
my	O
term	O
in	O
office	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
declare	O
independence	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
change	O
the	O
national	O
title	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
push	O
forth	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
"	O
state	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
state	O
"	O
description	O
in	O
the	O
Constitution	B-LAW
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
promote	O
a	O
referendum	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
status	O
quo	O
in	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
independence	O
or	O
unification	O
.	O


Furthermore	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
question	O
of	O
abolishing	O
the	B-LAW
Guidelines	I-LAW
for	I-LAW
National	I-LAW
Unification	I-LAW
and	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Unification	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
.	O


History	O
has	O
proved	O
that	O
war	O
will	O
lead	O
to	O
more	O
hatred	O
and	O
enmity	O
,	O
without	O
the	O
least	O
help	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
mutual	O
relations	O
.	O


Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
emphasize	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
statesmanship	O
and	O
hegemony	O
,	O
believing	O
in	O
the	O
philosophy	O
that	O
a	O
government	O
which	O
employs	O
benevolence	O
"	O
will	O
please	O
those	O
near	O
and	O
appeal	O
to	O
those	O
from	O
afar	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
when	O
those	O
from	O
afar	O
will	O
not	O
submit	O
,	O
then	O
one	O
must	O
practice	O
kindness	O
and	O
virtue	O
to	O
attract	O
them	O
.	O
"	O


Such	O
Chinese	B-NORP
wisdom	O
will	O
remain	O
a	O
universal	O
value	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
leadership	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Deng	B-PERSON
Xiaoping	I-PERSON
and	O
Mr.	O
Jiang	B-PERSON
Zemin	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
mainland	O
has	O
created	O
a	O
miracle	O
of	O
economic	O
openness	O
.	O


In	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
over	O
a	B-DATE
half	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
not	O
only	O
have	O
we	O
created	O
a	O
miracle	O
economy	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
also	O
created	O
the	O
political	O
marvel	O
of	O
democracy	O
.	O


On	O
such	O
a	O
basis	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
governments	O
and	O
people	O
on	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
can	O
interact	O
more	O
,	O
following	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
"	O
goodwill	O
reconciliation	O
,	O
active	O
cooperation	O
,	O
and	O
permanent	O
peace	O
,	O
"	O
while	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
respecting	O
the	O
free	O
choice	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
excluding	O
unnecessary	O
obstacles	O
,	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
Strait	B-LOC
can	O
make	O
great	O
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
prosperity	O
and	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
Asia	B-LOC
-	O
Pacific	B-LOC
region	O
.	O


Both	O
sides	O
will	O
also	O
create	O
a	O
glorious	O
civilization	O
for	O
humanity	O
.	O


Dear	O
compatriots	O
,	O
we	O
hope	O
so	O
much	O
to	O
share	O
the	O
moving	O
scene	O
of	O
this	O
moment	O
with	O
all	O
Chinese	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
speaking	O
people	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
wide	O
Ketagelan	B-FAC
Boulevard	I-FAC
before	O
us	O
was	O
bristling	O
with	O
security	O
guards	O
only	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
building	O
behind	O
me	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
the	B-FAC
Governor	I-FAC
General	I-FAC
's	I-FAC
Mansion	I-FAC
during	O
the	O
colonial	O
era	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
we	O
gather	O
here	O
to	O
extol	O
the	O
glory	O
and	O
joy	O
of	O
democracy	O
with	O
songs	O
of	O
the	O
land	O
and	O
the	O
voice	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


With	O
a	O
little	O
reflection	O
,	O
our	O
compatriots	O
should	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
appreciate	O
the	O
deep	O
and	O
far	O
-	O
reaching	O
meaning	O
of	O
this	O
moment	O
:	O


Authoritarianism	O
and	O
force	O
can	O
only	O
bring	O
surrender	O
for	O
one	O
time	O
,	O
while	O
democracy	O
and	O
freedom	O
are	O
values	O
that	O
will	O
endure	O
forever	O
.	O


Only	O
by	O
adhering	O
to	O
the	O
will	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
can	O
we	O
pioneer	O
the	O
paths	O
of	O
history	O
and	O
build	O
enduring	O
architecture	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
as	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
a	O
tenant	O
farmer	O
with	O
a	O
poor	O
family	O
background	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
struggled	O
and	O
grown	O
on	O
this	O
land	O
and	O
,	O
after	O
experiencing	O
defeat	O
and	O
tribulation	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
finally	O
won	O
the	O
trust	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
take	O
up	O
the	O
great	O
responsibility	O
of	O
leading	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


My	O
individual	O
achievements	O
are	O
minor	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
message	O
is	O
valuable	O
because	O
each	O
citizen	O
of	O
Formosa	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
"	O
child	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
"	O
just	O
like	O
me	O
.	O


In	O
whatever	O
difficult	O
environment	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
like	O
a	O
selfless	O
,	O
loving	O
mother	O
,	O
who	O
never	O
stops	O
giving	O
her	O
children	O
opportunities	O
and	O
who	O
helps	O
them	O
realize	O
beautiful	O
dreams	O
.	O


The	O
spirit	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
child	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
"	O
reveals	O
to	O
us	O
that	O
even	O
though	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
Penghu	B-LOC
,	O
Kinmen	B-LOC
and	O
Matsu	B-LOC
are	O
tiny	O
islands	O
on	O
the	O
rim	O
of	O
the	O
Pacific	B-LOC
,	O
the	O
map	O
of	O
our	O
dreams	O
knows	O
no	O
limits	O
.	O


The	O
map	O
extends	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
horizon	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
our	O
23	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
compatriots	O
fear	O
no	O
hardship	O
and	O
move	O
forward	O
hand	O
in	O
hand	O
.	O


Dear	O
compatriots	O
,	O
this	O
magnificent	O
moment	O
belongs	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


All	O
grace	O
and	O
glory	O
belongs	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
-	O
our	O
eternal	O
Mother	O
.	O


Together	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
extend	O
our	O
gratitude	O
to	O
the	O
earth	O
and	O
our	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


Long	O
live	O
freedom	O
and	O
democracy	O
!	O


Long	O
live	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
!	O


We	O
pray	O
for	O
the	O
prosperity	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
health	O
and	O
happiness	O
of	O
all	O
compatriots	O
and	O
all	O
our	O
distinguished	O
guests	O
!	O


p.	O
79	B-CARDINAL


The	O
May	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
inaugural	O
was	O
accompanied	O
by	O
an	O
air	O
of	O
excitement	O
and	O
rejoicing	O
,	O
accented	O
nicely	O
by	O
the	O
flying	O
pennants	O
and	O
milling	O
crowds	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Diago	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
81	B-CARDINAL


The	O
flowers	O
out	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Presidential	I-FAC
Palace	I-FAC
were	O
at	O
their	O
most	O
colorful	O
that	O
day	O
,	O
almost	O
as	O
if	O
to	O
share	O
in	O
the	O
inaugural	O
excitement	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Diago	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
82	B-CARDINAL


-LRB-	O
above	O
,	O
by	O
Pu	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
Lively	O
celebrations	O
were	O
carried	O
out	O
across	O
the	O
island	O
on	O
the	O
evening	O
of	O
May	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
a	O
big	O
fireworks	O
display	O
lighting	O
the	O
night	O
sky	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
facing	O
page	O
,	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
Foreign	O
guests	O
attended	O
the	O
inauguration	O
in	O
large	O
numbers	O
.	O


p.	O
85	B-CARDINAL


Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
has	O
a	O
very	O
loyal	O
following	O
among	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
youth	O
,	O
who	O
participated	O
in	O
large	O
numbers	O
in	O
the	O
inaugural	O
celebration	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Chiang	I-FAC
Kai	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
shek	I-FAC
Memorial	I-FAC
.	O


It	O
lent	O
a	O
very	O
young	O
feel	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Jimmy	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
Genuine	O
Article	O
--	O


Our	O
French	B-NORP
Nanny	O


-LRB-	O
Chou	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
cheng	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
Scott	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


When	O
my	O
wife	O
's	O
company	O
sent	O
her	O
to	O
Paris	B-GPE
to	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
our	O
daughter	O
,	O
then	O
just	O
over	O
a	O
year	B-DATE
old	O
,	O
would	O
have	O
any	O
problems	O
with	O
attending	O
school	O
there	O
.	O


Little	O
did	O
we	O
imagine	O
a	O
colleague	O
would	O
inform	O
us	O
that	O
her	O
daughter	O
had	O
been	O
"	O
surrounded	O
and	O
attacked	O
"	O
by	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
young	O
French	B-NORP
children	O
on	O
her	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
pre-school	O
.	O


The	O
incident	O
frightened	O
her	O
so	O
badly	O
that	O
she	O
would	O
n't	O
let	O
her	O
daughter	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
school	O
.	O


If	O
that	O
was	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
my	O
wife	O
and	O
I	O
had	O
a	O
serious	O
problem	O
on	O
our	O
hands	O
.	O


What	O
could	O
we	O
do	O
with	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
if	O
she	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
viewed	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
little	O
foreigner	O
"	O
and	O
be	O
bullied	O
at	O
school	O
every	O
day	O
?	O


The	O
only	O
solution	O
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
to	O
have	O
her	O
learn	O
French	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


That	O
way	O
,	O
if	O
we	O
ended	O
up	O
in	O
court	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
she	O
would	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
stand	O
there	O
mute	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
we	O
hired	O
Martine	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Frenchwoman	B-NORP
in	O
her	O
50s	B-DATE
,	O
to	O
be	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
nanny	O
.	O


My	O
wife	O
truly	O
treasures	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
was	O
not	O
at	O
all	O
comfortable	O
with	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
leaving	O
her	O
with	O
someone	O
else	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
we	O
had	O
no	O
idea	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
person	O
Martine	B-PERSON
was	O
.	O


We	O
knew	O
only	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
a	O
licensed	O
nanny	O
with	O
documents	O
from	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
and	O
hiring	O
her	O
to	O
look	O
after	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
seemed	O
better	O
than	O
hiring	O
a	O
cheaper	O
unlicensed	O
nanny	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
understood	O
no	O
French	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
so	O
we	O
were	O
concerned	O
that	O
she	O
might	O
be	O
mistreated	O
.	O


We	O
could	O
n't	O
have	O
guessed	O
that	O
Martine	B-PERSON
would	O
treasure	O
her	O
just	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
my	O
wife	O
does	O
.	O


And	O
Martine	B-PERSON
knew	O
how	O
to	O
handle	O
children	O
!	O


My	O
wife	O
and	O
I	O
thank	O
Heaven	O
for	O
her	O
.	O


I	O
remember	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
day	O
we	O
took	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
to	O
Martine	B-PERSON
's	O
place	O
.	O


My	O
wife	O
and	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
played	O
out	O
an	O
extended	O
farewell	O
scene	O
before	O
finally	O
tearfully	O
parting	O
.	O


And	O
her	O
father	O
?	O


Although	O
I	O
understood	O
no	O
French	B-LANGUAGE
in	O
those	O
days	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
prepared	O
to	O
spend	O
the	O
whole	O
day	O
with	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
convey	O
to	O
Martine	B-PERSON
the	O
idea	O
that	O
"	O
if	O
you	O
beat	O
the	O
dog	O
,	O
you	O
'd	O
better	O
be	O
prepared	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
master	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
my	O
resolution	O
,	O
within	O
ten	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
,	O
with	O
Martine	B-PERSON
gesturing	O
and	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
sobbing	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
hustled	O
out	O
the	O
door	O
.	O


At	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
I	O
thought	O
I	O
had	O
better	O
stand	O
outside	O
and	O
"	O
keep	O
an	O
eye	O
on	O
things	O
,	O
"	O
but	O
then	O
I	O
realized	O
that	O
that	O
would	O
n't	O
accomplish	O
anything	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
made	O
my	O
dejected	O
way	O
home	O
.	O


Later	O
Martine	B-PERSON
told	O
my	O
wife	O
that	O
I	O
had	O
had	O
to	O
leave	O
unless	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
spend	O
my	O
entire	O
life	O
holding	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
hand	O
.	O


It	O
took	O
Martine	B-PERSON
to	O
remind	O
us	O
that	O
short	O
,	O
sharp	O
pains	O
are	O
better	O
than	O
long	O
,	O
drawn	O
-	O
out	O
suffering	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
outset	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
concerned	O
that	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
would	O
n't	O
like	O
French	B-NORP
food	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
prepared	O
a	O
lunchbox	O
for	O
her	O
everyday	O
and	O
delivered	O
it	O
with	O
her	O
to	O
Martine	B-PERSON
.	O


But	O
every	O
evening	O
,	O
her	O
lunchbox	O
came	O
back	O
untouched	O
.	O


Was	O
n't	O
she	O
eating	O
?	O


Thinking	O
,	O
"	O
If	O
this	O
continues	O
,	O
she	O
'll	O
starve	O
to	O
death	O
,	O
"	O
we	O
confronted	O
Martine	B-PERSON
.	O


Confronted	O
,	O
Martine	B-PERSON
calmly	O
informed	O
us	O
that	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
could	O
n't	O
spend	O
her	O
entire	O
time	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
eating	O
the	O
lunchboxes	O
we	O
prepared	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
she	O
continued	O
,	O
since	O
that	O
was	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
why	O
not	O
get	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
used	O
to	O
eating	O
French	B-NORP
food	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
?	O


Furthermore	O
,	O
she	O
informed	O
us	O
that	O
her	O
own	O
nutritious	O
homemade	O
meals	O
would	O
help	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
grow	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
even	O
planning	O
to	O
prepare	O
a	O
"	O
dinner	O
box	O
"	O
for	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
to	O
bring	O
home	O
in	O
the	O
evenings	O
.	O


Our	O
"	O
confrontation	O
"	O
turned	O
into	O
an	O
abject	O
apology	O
!	O


One	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
Martine	B-PERSON
mentioned	O
to	O
us	O
that	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
was	O
a	O
little	O
cross-eyed	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
she	O
said	O
we	O
were	O
not	O
to	O
worry	O
because	O
children	O
's	O
eyes	O
usually	O
correct	O
themselves	O
as	O
they	O
get	O
older	O
.	O


To	O
ease	O
our	O
minds	O
,	O
she	O
had	O
already	O
taken	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
to	O
see	O
her	O
uncle	O
,	O
an	O
ophthalmologist	O
.	O


If	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
would	O
visit	O
him	O
again	O
four	B-CARDINAL
or	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
times	O
at	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
intervals	O
,	O
everything	O
would	O
be	O
fine	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
asked	O
her	O
about	O
the	O
fee	O
,	O
she	O
would	O
only	O
say	O
that	O
it	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
much	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
she	O
never	O
did	O
tell	O
us	O
.	O


Usually	O
,	O
nannies	O
view	O
sick	O
children	O
as	O
an	O
annoyance	O
because	O
they	O
require	O
more	O
care	O
,	O
and	O
often	O
must	O
be	O
given	O
medication	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
most	O
nannies	O
expect	O
that	O
a	O
child	O
's	O
family	O
will	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
it	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
sick	O
.	O


But	O
Martine	B-PERSON
was	O
different	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
weather	O
turned	O
cool	O
and	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
came	O
down	O
with	O
a	O
fever	O
,	O
Martine	B-PERSON
called	O
my	O
wife	O
to	O
offer	O
to	O
keep	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
for	O
the	O
night	O
.	O


She	O
told	O
my	O
wife	O
that	O
she	O
had	O
been	O
a	O
nurse	O
and	O
that	O
taking	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
home	O
in	O
the	O
cold	O
night	O
air	O
might	O
worsen	O
her	O
chill	O
.	O


My	O
wife	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
hoping	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
our	O
sick	O
daughter	O
herself	O
when	O
she	O
got	O
home	O
from	O
work	O
,	O
naturally	O
declined	O
her	O
kind	O
offer	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
we	O
became	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
comfortable	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
grateful	O
-RRB-	O
having	O
Martine	B-PERSON
as	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
nanny	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
Martine	B-PERSON
treated	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
just	O
as	O
if	O
she	O
were	O
her	O
own	O
child	O
.	O


Our	O
daughter	O
is	O
now	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	O
and	O
attends	O
a	O
pre-school	O
near	O
our	O
home	O
.	O


Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
teacher	O
has	O
told	O
my	O
wife	O
that	O
Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
French	B-LANGUAGE
is	O
very	O
good	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
because	O
our	O
little	O
"	O
foreigner	O
"	O
now	O
speaks	O
French	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
she	O
gets	O
along	O
very	O
well	O
with	O
her	O
classmates	O
;	O
they	O
all	O
remember	O
her	O
French	B-NORP
name	O
,	O
Elodie	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
let	O
her	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
there	O
when	O
they	O
see	O
me	O
coming	O
to	O
pick	O
her	O
up	O
after	O
school	O
.	O


We	O
owe	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
to	O
Martine	B-PERSON
.	O


We	O
were	O
lucky	O
to	O
find	O
someone	O
so	O
skilled	O
in	O
the	O
art	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
nanny	O
.	O


She	O
helped	O
us	O
so	O
much	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
,	O
Martine	B-PERSON
!	O


p.	O
111	B-CARDINAL


Chien	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
and	O
Martine	B-PERSON
at	O
the	O
EuroDisney	B-FAC
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
.	O


Money	O
for	O
Nothin'	O
...	O


But	O
It	O
's	O
Not	O
Risk	O
Free	O


-LRB-	O
Laura	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Newell	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


It	O
is	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
hottest	O
subjects	O
in	O
post-martial	O
law	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
been	O
sex	O
and	O
personal	O
money	O
management	O
,	O
which	O
certainly	O
goes	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
openness	O
and	O
pluralism	O
in	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
society	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
like	O
sex	O
,	O
personal	O
money	O
management	O
is	O
something	O
that	O
many	O
people	O
only	O
vaguely	O
understand	O
,	O
that	O
they	O
feel	O
uncertain	O
about	O
committing	O
themselves	O
to	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
leaves	O
them	O
feeling	O
tired	O
and	O
empty	O
.	O


Personal	O
money	O
management	O
is	O
now	O
a	O
national	O
sport	O
.	O


The	O
wealthy	O
hope	O
to	O
roll	O
their	O
money	O
over	O
,	O
while	O
those	O
less	O
well	O
off	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
small	O
pile	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
money	O
management	O
approach	O
is	O
best	O
suited	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
current	I-DATE
era	I-DATE
?	O


How	O
can	O
one	O
win	O
in	O
the	O
investment	O
game	O
without	O
losing	O
the	O
game	O
of	O
life	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
?	O


"	O
Earning	O
money	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
priority	O
,	O
spending	O
money	O
is	O
a	O
sin	O
,	O
long	O
live	O
personal	O
money	O
management	O
!	O
"	O


Thus	O
declares	O
a	O
poster	O
on	O
the	O
wall	O
of	O
a	O
certain	O
"	O
Miss	O
Chen	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
a	O
secretary	O
in	O
a	O
trucking	O
company	O
in	O
Pingtung	B-GPE
.	O


Every	O
night	O
before	O
going	O
to	O
sleep	O
she	O
turns	O
on	O
her	O
computer	O
to	O
check	O
out	O
the	O
closing	O
share	O
prices	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
opening	O
figures	O
for	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
exchanges	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
makes	O
a	O
quick	O
calculation	O
in	O
her	O
head	O
of	O
her	O
total	O
wealth	O
.	O


This	O
woman	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
nearing	O
30	B-DATE
and	O
has	O
been	O
working	O
for	O
seven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
has	O
a	O
"	O
personal	O
value	O
"	O
which	O
is	O
still	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
NT$	I-MONEY
600,000	I-MONEY
,	O
so	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
build	O
up	O
a	O
fund	O
for	O
investing	O
,	O
she	O
will	O
not	O
buy	O
a	O
house	O
or	O
go	O
abroad	O
for	O
travel	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
's	O
becoming	O
a	O
Scrooge	O
in	O
the	O
eyes	O
of	O
her	O
friends	O
.	O


Yet	O
,	O
all	O
her	O
discipline	O
and	O
her	O
enthusiasm	O
can	O
not	O
guarantee	O
that	O
she	O
makes	O
money	O
.	O


And	O
sometimes	O
when	O
she	O
looks	O
at	O
the	O
poster	O
on	O
her	O
wall	O
,	O
she	O
feels	O
as	O
if	O
she	O
is	O
being	O
mocked	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
knew	O
then	O
what	O
I	O
know	O
now	O
...	O


Liu	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
25	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	O
old	O
teacher	O
,	O
is	O
another	O
e-generation	O
personal	O
money	O
management	O
enthusiast	O
.	O


Even	O
before	O
he	O
did	O
his	O
compulsory	O
military	O
service	O
,	O
he	O
began	O
making	O
investments	O
of	O
NT$	B-MONEY
3,000	I-MONEY
per	O
month	O
in	O
a	O
Japan	B-GPE
technology	O
fund	O
.	O


Over	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
fund	O
has	O
gone	O
from	O
taking	O
losses	O
to	O
taking	O
off	O
;	O
though	O
it	O
has	O
levelled	O
off	O
somewhat	O
lately	O
,	O
the	O
returns	O
have	O
been	O
excellent	O
.	O


Liu	B-PERSON
declares	O
himself	O
to	O
be	O
"	O
a	O
faithful	O
believer	O
"	O
in	O
all	O
manner	O
of	O
personal	O
money	O
management	O
books	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
he	O
has	O
free	O
time	O
in	O
summer	O
vacation	O
,	O
he	O
spends	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
20	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
a	O
week	O
looking	O
at	O
investment	O
information	O
.	O


His	O
greatest	O
regret	O
is	O
that	O
he	O
began	O
his	O
financial	O
career	O
too	O
late	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
:	O
"	O
If	O
I	O
had	O
used	O
my	O
allowance	O
every	O
year	O
from	O
the	O
time	O
I	O
was	O
small	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
a	O
fund	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
NT$	B-MONEY
30,000	I-MONEY
per	O
year	O
,	O
after	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
quite	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
right	O
now	O
.	O
"	O


Becoming	O
increasingly	O
agitated	O
,	O
he	O
adds	O
that	O
if	O
he	O
had	O
understood	O
money	O
management	O
early	O
on	O
,	O
he	O
could	O
have	O
invested	O
right	O
after	O
the	O
big	O
stock	O
market	O
collapse	O
in	O
1990	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
rich	O
today	O
instead	O
of	O
regretful	O
.	O


It	O
looks	O
like	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
e-generation	O
are	O
getting	O
into	O
investing	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
they	O
know	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
doing	O
?	O


Dennis	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
money	O
management	O
website	O
called	O
JP	B-ORG
Investment	I-ORG
Clinic	I-ORG
strikes	O
a	O
cautionary	O
note	O
:	O
"	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
the	O
education	O
system	O
has	O
fulfilled	O
its	O
responsibility	O
to	O
teach	O
people	O
how	O
to	O
manage	O
their	O
money	O
.	O
"	O


Chien	B-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
school	O
textbooks	O
only	O
teach	O
moral	O
lessons	O
like	O
"	O
a	B-MONEY
penny	I-MONEY
saved	O
is	O
a	B-MONEY
penny	I-MONEY
earned	O
,	O
"	O
which	O
are	O
not	O
exactly	O
what	O
the	O
real	O
world	O
demands	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
contrast	O
,	O
many	O
American	B-NORP
children	O
understand	O
a	O
bit	O
about	O
money	O
management	O
from	O
early	O
on	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
child	O
in	O
her	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
teens	I-DATE
might	O
babysit	O
for	O
the	O
neighbors	O
or	O
cut	O
lawns	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
put	O
the	O
money	O
in	O
a	O
mutual	O
fund	O
.	O


Some	O
investment	O
websites	O
have	O
games	O
for	O
children	O
to	O
teach	O
them	O
about	O
various	O
investment	O
instruments	O
and	O
portfolios	O
.	O


These	O
treat	O
personal	O
money	O
management	O
as	O
a	O
serious	O
life	O
skill	O
that	O
all	O
modern	O
people	O
should	O
know	O
.	O


Chien	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
the	O
situation	O
is	O
just	O
like	O
sex	O
education	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


They	O
give	O
it	O
only	O
the	O
most	O
cursory	O
treatment	O
in	O
schools	O
,	O
but	O
most	O
people	O
have	O
a	O
strong	O
desire	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
about	O
it	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
pick	O
up	O
what	O
they	O
can	O
from	O
the	O
newspapers	O
or	O
cable	O
TV	O
.	O


The	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
a	O
proper	O
investment	O
outlook	O
is	O
that	O
speculation	O
is	O
rampant	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
,	O
87.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
trading	O
volume	O
on	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
stock	O
exchange	O
comes	O
from	O
individual	O
investors	O
.	O


In	O
1999	B-DATE
turnover	O
was	O
288	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-LRB-	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
total	O
trading	O
volume	O
was	O
2.88	B-CARDINAL
times	O
the	O
total	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
which	O
,	O
though	O
considerably	O
down	O
from	O
nearly	O
600	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
before	I-DATE
,	O
remained	O
four	B-CARDINAL
times	O
higher	O
than	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
stock	I-ORG
exchange	I-ORG
.	O


Despite	O
numerous	O
painful	O
lessons	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
the	O
habit	O
of	O
chasing	O
a	O
rising	O
market	O
and	O
cutthroat	O
selling	O
in	O
a	O
falling	O
market	O
has	O
proven	O
difficult	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


A	O
new	O
climate	O
for	O
the	O
e-generation	O


Fortunately	O
,	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
foreign	O
investors	O
have	O
brought	O
some	O
new	O
ideas	O
into	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Although	O
they	O
still	O
engage	O
in	O
"	O
hit	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
run	O
"	O
high	O
-	O
volume	O
trading	O
for	O
quick	O
gains	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
most	O
foreign	O
investors	O
ignore	O
gossip	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
touch	O
the	O
more	O
speculative	O
stocks	O
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
they	O
put	O
more	O
emphasis	O
on	O
the	O
fundamentals	O
of	O
a	O
given	O
company	O
or	O
industry	O
.	O


Dennis	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
foreign	O
firms	O
have	O
also	O
introduced	O
risk	O
management	O
ideas	O
like	O
"	O
having	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
rounded	O
portfolio	O
"	O
-LRB-	O
i.e.	O
"	O
do	O
n't	O
put	O
all	O
your	O
eggs	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
basket	O
"	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


These	O
have	O
had	O
a	O
positive	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
local	O
stock	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
given	O
the	O
investment	O
activities	O
of	O
the	O
e-generation	O
a	O
more	O
rational	O
foundation	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
their	O
parents	O
.	O


The	O
chief	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
wave	O
of	O
e-generation	O
personal	O
money	O
management	O
are	O
great	O
ambition	O
,	O
reliance	O
on	O
expert	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
diversification	O
of	O
investment	O
targets	O
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
the	O
hottest	O
investments	O
are	O
always	O
changing	O
,	O
and	O
perhaps	O
no	O
amount	O
of	O
rational	O
analysis	O
or	O
detailed	O
information	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
change	O
this	O
.	O


Chia	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
i	I-PERSON
,	O
senior	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
Individual	B-ORG
Banking	I-ORG
Sector	I-ORG
at	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
Sinopac	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
which	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
created	O
a	O
stir	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
by	O
introducing	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
five	B-CARDINAL
-	O
in	O
-	O
one	B-CARDINAL
money	O
management	O
account	O
-RRB-	O
has	O
been	O
observing	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
the	O
financial	O
environment	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
offers	O
the	O
following	O
thoughts	O
about	O
trends	O
in	O
money	O
management	O
.	O


Chia	B-PERSON
recalls	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1960s	I-DATE
,	O
people	O
were	O
too	O
poor	O
to	O
have	O
any	O
money	O
to	O
manage	O
;	O
there	O
were	O
also	O
fears	O
of	O
war	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
any	O
money	O
people	O
did	O
have	O
they	O
quickly	O
exchanged	O
for	O
gold	O
or	O
US	B-GPE
dollars	O
on	O
the	O
black	O
market	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
,	O
faced	O
with	O
two	B-CARDINAL
oil	O
crises	O
and	O
inflation	O
,	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
buying	O
property	O
to	O
preserve	O
value	O
became	O
widespread	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
could	O
afford	O
it	O
bought	O
land	O
and	O
houses	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
had	O
only	O
a	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
or	I-CARDINAL
so	I-CARDINAL
listed	O
companies	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
fate	O
depended	O
on	O
a	O
few	O
manipulators	O
behind	O
the	O
scenes	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
cannibalistic	O
market	O
"	O
which	O
scared	O
off	O
most	O
citizens	O
.	O


The	O
past	O
is	O
gone	O


The	O
real	O
fad	O
for	O
personal	O
money	O
management	O
only	O
hit	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
mid-1980s	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
was	O
then	O
that	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
accumulated	O
economic	O
resources	O
began	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
surface	O
.	O


The	O
huge	O
trade	O
surplus	O
built	O
up	O
over	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
caused	O
the	O
NT	O
dollar	O
to	O
appreciate	O
,	O
and	O
attracted	O
a	O
huge	O
amount	O
of	O
speculative	O
foreign	O
money	O
into	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
stock	O
market	O
index	O
rose	O
from	O
600	B-CARDINAL
or	O
so	O
in	O
1985	B-DATE
to	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
12,000	I-CARDINAL
by	O
1990	B-DATE
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
property	O
rose	O
from	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
NT$	B-MONEY
71,800	I-MONEY
per	O
ping	O
-LRB-	B-QUANTITY
about	I-QUANTITY
3.3	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
-RRB-	I-QUANTITY
in	O
1986	B-DATE
to	O
NT$	B-MONEY
284,500	I-MONEY
per	O
ping	O
in	O
1989	B-DATE
.	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
great	O
opportunities	O
for	O
making	O
money	O
stared	O
one	O
right	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
.	O


In	O
pursuit	O
of	O
overnight	O
wealth	O
,	O
many	O
people	O
mortgaged	O
their	O
property	O
to	O
buy	O
stocks	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
used	O
their	O
stocks	O
as	O
collateral	O
to	O
borrow	O
more	O
money	O
,	O
creating	O
a	O
vicious	O
cycle	O
that	O
laid	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
the	O
burst	O
bubble	O
and	O
huge	O
debts	O
of	O
later	O
years	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
having	O
reviewed	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
Chia	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
i	I-PERSON
declares	O
:	O
"	O
In	O
money	O
management	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
only	O
look	O
to	O
the	O
future	O
;	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
point	O
in	O
regretting	O
what	O
's	O
gone	O
.	O
"	O


Indeed	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
era	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
with	O
everything	O
moving	O
much	O
faster	O
,	O
investment	O
indicators	O
like	O
product	O
popularity	O
and	O
employment	O
trends	O
can	O
change	O
overnight	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
can	O
not	O
see	O
the	O
trends	O
or	O
who	O
can	O
not	O
react	O
fast	O
enough	O
are	O
doomed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
losers	O
in	O
the	O
wealth	O
game	O
.	O


Take	O
for	O
example	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
Mrs.	O
Chang	B-PERSON
.	O


Widowed	O
at	O
an	O
early	O
age	O
,	O
for	O
over	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
she	O
supported	O
her	O
family	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
real	O
estate	O
broker	O
.	O


Her	O
success	O
made	O
her	O
very	O
confident	O
about	O
her	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
property	O
market	O
.	O


Six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
she	O
decided	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
her	O
younger	O
brother	O
,	O
who	O
contracted	O
a	O
terminal	O
illness	O
,	O
to	O
buy	O
a	O
new	O
house	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
rise	O
apartments	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
Tanshui	I-FAC
New	I-FAC
Town	I-FAC
had	O
fallen	O
from	O
NT$	B-MONEY
220,000	I-MONEY
per	O
ping	O
to	O
NT$	B-MONEY
150,000	I-MONEY
.	O


Congratulating	O
herself	O
on	O
getting	O
a	O
low	O
price	O
,	O
and	O
confident	O
that	O
the	O
market	O
would	O
rebound	O
,	O
Mrs.	O
Chang	B-PERSON
happily	O
put	O
down	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
payment	O
and	O
watched	O
her	O
brother	O
's	O
family	O
move	O
in	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
about	O
this	O
time	O
that	O
many	O
new	O
projects	O
-	O
started	O
earlier	O
by	O
construction	O
firms	O
hoping	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
peak	O
prices	O
-	O
came	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
empty	O
units	O
rose	O
to	O
over	O
one	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Next	O
,	O
increased	O
cross-strait	O
tensions	O
put	O
a	O
further	O
damper	O
on	O
the	O
property	O
market	O
.	O


The	B-EVENT
September	I-EVENT
21	I-EVENT
earthquake	I-EVENT
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
was	O
the	O
final	O
straw	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
you	O
can	O
find	O
high	O
-	O
rise	O
apartments	O
in	O
Tanshui	B-FAC
New	I-FAC
Town	I-FAC
for	O
as	O
little	O
as	O
NT$	O
110,000	B-MONEY
per	O
ping	O
.	O


Mrs.	O
Chang	B-PERSON
's	O
brother	O
's	O
family	O
is	O
stuck	O
with	O
a	O
heavy	O
mortgage	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
constant	O
recriminations	O
between	O
Mrs.	O
Chang	B-PERSON
and	O
her	O
nieces	O
and	O
nephews.	O


Will	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
property	O
market	O
inevitably	O
recover	O
?	O


Not	O
necessarily	O
.	O


Looking	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
even	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
there	O
are	O
countless	O
examples	O
of	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
downturns	O
in	O
the	O
housing	O
market	O
.	O


The	O
popular	O
book	O
Die	B-WORK_OF_ART
Broke	I-WORK_OF_ART
notes	O
that	O
the	O
sharp	O
rise	O
in	O
housing	O
prices	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
1960s	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
was	O
due	O
to	O
underlying	O
structural	O
factors	O
:	O


The	O
large	O
generation	O
of	O
"	O
baby	O
boomers	O
"	O
were	O
starting	O
careers	O
and	O
families	O
,	O
thereby	O
increasing	O
demand	O
for	O
housing	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
older	O
generation	O
about	O
to	O
retire	O
happily	O
sold	O
their	O
houses	O
to	O
the	O
younger	O
at	O
high	O
prices	O
.	O


The	O
large	O
profits	O
they	O
earned	O
attracted	O
numerous	O
speculators	O
into	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
prices	O
were	O
driven	O
even	O
higher	O
,	O
encouraging	O
construction	O
of	O
ever	O
more	O
homes	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
baby	O
boomers	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
homes	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
current	O
"	O
e-generation	O
"	O
is	O
smaller	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
all	O
those	O
extra	O
homes	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
sold	O
to	O
?	O


Snafu	O


The	O
upshot	O
of	O
all	O
this	O
is	O
,	O
as	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
Yen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
shan	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
at	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchi	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
cautions	O
:	O
"	O
There	O
are	O
no	O
absolute	O
experts	O
at	O
money	O
management	O
.	O
"	O


So	O
-	O
called	O
experts	O
are	O
simply	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
particular	O
knowledge	O
about	O
a	O
certain	O
sector	O
in	O
a	O
certain	O
place	O
at	O
a	O
certain	O
time	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
old	O
saying	O
:	O
"	O
People	O
have	O
two	B-CARDINAL
feet	O
,	O
but	O
money	O
has	O
four	B-CARDINAL
.	O
"	O


Trends	O
change	O
faster	O
than	O
most	O
people	O
can	O
anticipate	O
.	O


No	O
wonder	O
the	O
"	O
stock	O
masters	O
"	O
featured	O
on	O
cable	O
TV	O
usually	O
disappear	O
from	O
view	O
after	O
a	O
brief	O
reign	O
,	O
only	O
to	O
be	O
replaced	O
by	O
equally	O
short	O
-	O
lived	O
successors	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
perhaps	O
brainwashed	O
by	O
money	O
management	O
dogma	O
that	O
says	O
"	O
the	O
early	O
bird	O
gets	O
the	O
worm	O
,	O
"	O
investors	O
have	O
swarmed	O
like	O
bees	O
for	O
the	O
latest	O
fads	O
,	O
sometimes	O
jumping	O
in	O
even	O
before	O
the	O
true	O
value	O
is	O
known	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
NASDAQ	B-ORG
index	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
29	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
behind	O
it	O
,	O
suddenly	O
surged	O
from	O
2800	B-CARDINAL
in	O
October	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
5000	I-CARDINAL
by	O
March	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Telecommunications	O
,	O
Internet	O
,	O
and	O
biotechnology	O
stocks	O
soared	O
.	O


The	O
price	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
earnings	O
ratio	O
of	O
some	O
individual	O
stocks	O
reached	O
500	B-CARDINAL
,	O
which	O
some	O
ridiculed	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
price	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
dream	O
ratio	O
.	O
"	O


"	O
Investors	O
sometimes	O
act	O
as	O
if	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
about	O
a	O
company	O
's	O
current	O
losses	O
,	O
but	O
simply	O
put	O
all	O
their	O
faith	O
in	O
the	O
distant	O
future	O
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
the	O
farther	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
something	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
likely	O
it	O
is	O
that	O
expectations	O
will	O
be	O
wrong	O
,	O
"	O
points	O
out	O
Chiu	B-PERSON
Shean	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bii	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
professor	O
of	O
finance	O
at	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


Beginning	O
in	O
mid-March	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
NASDAQ	B-ORG
high	O
-	O
tech	O
stocks	O
plummeted	O
.	O


For	O
many	O
investors	O
,	O
earnings	O
accumulated	O
over	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
disappeared	O
in	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
weeks	O
.	O


The	O
misguided	O
idea	O
that	O
"	O
what	O
is	O
new	O
is	O
better	O
"	O
also	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
problem	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
certain	O
"	O
Mr.	O
Wang	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
who	O
works	O
in	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
thought	O
he	O
would	O
jump	O
on	O
the	O
bandwagon	O
for	O
telecom	O
and	O
Internet	O
stocks	O
.	O


He	O
borrowed	O
money	O
to	O
purchase	O
80	B-CARDINAL
blocks	O
of	O
shares	O
,	O
at	O
NT$	B-MONEY
13	I-MONEY
per	O
share	O
,	O
of	O
fixed	O
-	O
line	O
Internet	O
network	O
stocks	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
n't	O
yet	O
even	O
been	O
listed	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
price	O
fell	O
to	O
NT$	B-MONEY
11	I-MONEY
per	O
share	O
,	O
he	O
still	O
did	O
n't	O
worry	O
,	O
thinking	O
that	O
"	O
so	O
long	O
as	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
sell	O
,	O
the	O
loss	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
realized	O
.	O
"	O


Little	O
did	O
he	O
expect	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
would	O
clamp	O
down	O
on	O
illegal	O
trading	O
in	O
fixed	O
-	O
line	O
network	O
stocks	O
.	O


Suddenly	O
his	O
whole	O
investment	O
-	O
well	O
over	O
NT$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-	O
has	O
been	O
frozen	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
he	O
can	O
do	O
is	O
stand	O
on	O
the	O
sidelines	O
in	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
panic	O
.	O


To	O
be	O
sure	O
,	O
ignorance	O
of	O
new	O
trends	O
is	O
not	O
recommended	O
,	O
but	O
looking	O
too	O
far	O
into	O
the	O
future	O
can	O
also	O
lead	O
to	O
disappointment	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
information	O
era	O
,	O
money	O
management	O
may	O
even	O
be	O
getting	O
more	O
difficult	O
.	O


Strange	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
explosion	O
of	O
money	O
management	O
information	O
,	O
which	O
should	O
in	O
theory	O
make	O
investors	O
'	O
lives	O
easier	O
,	O
does	O
not	O
.	O


As	O
Chiu	B-PERSON
Shean	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bii	I-PERSON
says	O
:	O
"	O
There	O
's	O
plenty	O
of	O
information	O
out	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
experts	O
everywhere	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
result	O
is	O
that	O
investors	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
to	O
believe	O
,	O
and	O
find	O
it	O
even	O
more	O
difficult	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
decision	O
.	O
"	O


Moreover	O
,	O
often	O
even	O
the	O
best	O
information	O
and	O
analysis	O
is	O
no	O
match	O
for	O
sheer	O
luck	O
.	O


Cabula	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
,	O
editor	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
chief	O
of	O
the	O
money	O
management	O
website	O
SmartNet	B-ORG
,	O
describes	O
a	O
case	O
in	O
point	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
hottest	O
stocks	O
was	O
Quanta	B-ORG
Computers	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
reached	O
800	B-CARDINAL
per	O
share	O
.	O


The	O
story	O
goes	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
old	O
grandmother	O
who	O
followed	O
the	O
crowd	O
in	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
stock	O
,	O
earning	O
a	O
huge	O
amount	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
.	O


Afterwards	O
,	O
she	O
asked	O
:	O
"	O
What	O
I	O
still	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
is	O
,	O
how	O
can	O
selling	O
pork	O
jerky	O
be	O
so	O
profitable	O
?	O
"	O


It	O
turns	O
out	O
that	O
she	O
thought	O
she	O
was	O
investing	O
in	O
a	O
dried	O
-	O
pork	O
company	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
name	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
heard	O
her	O
question	O
nearly	O
fainted	O
with	O
disbelief	O
.	O


Money	O
management	O
madness	O


The	O
fever	O
for	O
money	O
management	O
has	O
in	O
fact	O
disrupted	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
many	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
brought	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
headaches	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
Jessica	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
,	O
associate	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
Taipei	B-GPE
branch	O
of	O
UBS	B-ORG
,	O
who	O
has	O
written	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
books	O
on	O
money	O
management	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
turning	O
back	O
.	O


Whenever	O
some	O
people	O
get	O
ahead	O
,	O
others	O
will	O
follow	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
amount	O
of	O
calls	O
for	O
simpler	O
lifestyles	O
or	O
new	O
value	O
systems	O
can	O
stop	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
reason	O
is	O
very	O
simple	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
money	O
management	O
fever	O
is	O
a	O
natural	O
product	O
of	O
changing	O
times	O
.	O
"	O


According	O
to	O
Liu	B-PERSON
,	O
individualism	O
and	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
urban	O
commercial	O
society	O
have	O
broken	O
down	O
the	O
support	O
networks	O
of	O
traditional	O
agricultural	O
society	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
swept	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
globalization	O
of	O
capitalism	O
.	O


Rural	O
society	O
has	O
disintegrated	O
,	O
and	O
traditional	O
industrial	O
sectors	O
have	O
withered	O
,	O
as	O
newly	O
rising	O
electronics	O
and	O
information	O
industries	O
have	O
appeared	O
one	O
after	O
another	O
.	O


These	O
rapid	O
changes	O
have	O
brought	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
unemployment	O
or	O
early	O
retirement	O
to	O
many	O
individuals	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
cope	O
with	O
the	O
increasing	O
uncertainty	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
build	O
up	O
a	O
nest	O
egg	O
.	O


Liu	B-PERSON
says	O
:	O
"	O
If	O
you	O
have	O
NT$	B-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
the	O
bank	O
,	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
whether	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
retire	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
important	O
is	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
and	O
live	O
in	O
fear	O
that	O
a	O
sudden	O
loss	O
of	O
your	O
salary	O
could	O
ruin	O
your	O
life	O
.	O
"	O
Of	O
course	O
,	O
everyone	O
feels	O
a	O
different	O
sense	O
of	O
urgency	O
about	O
the	O
uncertainties	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


Sometimes	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
this	O
can	O
become	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
interpersonal	O
friction	O
.	O


"	O
Miss	O
Chen	B-PERSON
"	O
of	O
Pingtung	B-GPE
worries	O
that	O
her	O
father	O
,	O
soon	O
to	O
retire	O
at	O
age	O
60	B-DATE
,	O
does	O
n't	O
think	O
much	O
about	O
money	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
expected	O
retirement	O
plus	O
savings	O
will	O
be	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
NT$	I-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
about	O
US$	O
120,000	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
.	O


You	O
manage	O
,	O
I	O
benefit	O
?	O


As	O
Miss	O
Chen	B-PERSON
does	O
not	O
hesitate	O
to	O
say	O
:	O
"	O
My	O
Mom	O
and	O
Dad	O
still	O
think	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
only	O
mean	O
an	O
extra	O
set	O
of	O
chopsticks	O
on	O
the	O
table	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
live	O
with	O
their	O
daughter	O
.	O


It	O
seems	O
they	O
have	O
n't	O
realized	O
yet	O
that	O
they	O
may	O
live	O
to	O
be	O
85	B-DATE
.	O


They	O
have	O
n't	O
made	O
any	O
preparations	O
for	O
living	O
expenses	O
,	O
vacations	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
enormous	O
medical	O
expenses	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
expected	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
25	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O
"	O


She	O
has	O
encouraged	O
her	O
parents	O
to	O
put	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
savings	O
into	O
a	O
mutual	O
fund	O
or	O
the	O
like	O
,	O
but	O
without	O
success	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
the	O
issue	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
sore	O
point	O
between	O
her	O
and	O
her	O
mother	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
larger	O
environment	O
that	O
are	O
making	O
people	O
anxious	O
about	O
their	O
economic	O
security	O
are	O
boons	O
to	O
companies	O
trying	O
to	O
market	O
financial	O
products	O
.	O


A	O
certain	O
American	B-NORP
bank	O
has	O
recently	O
been	O
doing	O
"	O
carpet	O
bombing	O
"	O
advertising	O
with	O
slogans	O
like	O
"	O
One	B-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
every	O
two	B-CARDINAL
people	O
wants	O
to	O
retire	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
early	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
has	O
n't	O
yet	O
begun	O
a	O
financial	O
plan	O
!	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
parents	O
want	O
to	O
send	O
their	O
children	O
abroad	O
to	O
study	O
,	O
but	O
one	O
-	O
third	B-ORDINAL
of	O
these	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
much	O
money	O
they	O
should	O
prepare	O
!	O
"	O


It	O
is	O
said	O
that	O
these	O
ads	O
have	O
been	O
very	O
effective	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Yi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fen	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
Individual	B-ORG
Banking	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
at	I-ORG
Fubon	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
speaking	O
as	O
someone	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
closely	O
following	O
this	O
problem	O
from	O
the	O
sidelines	O
,	O
reminds	O
consumers	O
that	O
no	O
matter	O
what	O
the	O
source	O
-	O
advertising	O
,	O
websites	O
,	O
or	O
whatever	O
-	O
though	O
advice	O
may	O
be	O
cloaked	O
in	O
a	O
halo	O
of	O
expertise	O
,	O
the	O
motive	O
is	O
to	O
sell	O
products	O
and	O
to	O
earn	O
money	O
from	O
the	O
financial	O
activities	O
of	O
clients	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
says	O
:	O
"	O
It	O
's	O
like	O
those	O
ads	O
for	O
milk	O
that	O
emphasize	O
how	O
fearful	O
osteoporosis	O
is	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
is	O
,	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
milk	O
is	O
by	O
no	O
means	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
prevent	O
this	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
the	O
most	O
effective	O
.	O
"	O


It	O
ai	O
n't	O
over	O
till	O
it	O
's	O
over	O


Another	O
factor	O
driving	O
"	O
investment	O
anxiety	O
"	O
is	O
peer	O
pressure	O
.	O
"	O


If	O
a	O
40	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	O
old	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
securities	O
account	O
,	O
he	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
engage	O
in	O
conversations	O
with	O
his	O
peers	O
about	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
so	O
naturally	O
he	O
will	O
feel	O
out	O
of	O
touch	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Cabula	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
.	O


Chang	B-PERSON
admits	O
that	O
he	O
still	O
lives	O
in	O
a	O
rented	O
house	O
in	O
Tanshui	B-GPE
.	O


His	O
wife	O
wonders	O
why	O
his	O
colleagues	O
in	O
the	O
financial	O
management	O
community	O
are	O
multi-millionaires	O
,	O
while	O
he	O
still	O
has	O
not	O
had	O
his	O
rendezvous	O
with	O
fortune	O
.	O


Chang	B-PERSON
tells	O
his	O
wife	O
that	O
one	O
should	O
not	O
compare	O
oneself	O
to	O
others	O
.	O


Their	O
success	O
may	O
be	O
temporary	O
or	O
even	O
illusory	O
.	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
his	O
friends	O
who	O
had	O
insider	O
information	O
were	O
quite	O
proud	O
of	O
themselves	O
when	O
they	O
profited	O
from	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-ORG
Pineapple	I-ORG
to	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
.	O


But	O
within	O
less	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
stock	O
collapsed	O
and	O
became	O
worthless	O
paper	O
.	O


Chang	B-PERSON
recalls	O
an	O
inexperienced	O
reporter	O
who	O
got	O
sucked	O
in	O
to	O
the	O
market	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
by	O
some	O
irresistible	O
insider	O
information	O
.	O


He	O
even	O
mortgaged	O
his	O
house	O
and	O
persuaded	O
his	O
friends	O
to	O
invest	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
still	O
has	O
not	O
got	O
his	O
head	O
above	O
water	O
.	O


Chang	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
"	O
The	O
longer	O
I	O
'm	O
in	O
this	O
business	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
I	O
feel	O
that	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
anywhere	O
by	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
ahead	O
quickly	O
.	O
"	O


Investment	O
options	O
are	O
like	O
churning	O
whirlpools	O
;	O
of	O
course	O
you	O
enjoy	O
the	O
ride	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
you	O
are	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
but	O
currents	O
shift	O
,	O
and	O
eventually	O
you	O
may	O
get	O
sucked	O
down	O
.	O


"	O
In	O
investing	O
,	O
until	O
the	O
final	O
moment	O
,	O
you	O
never	O
know	O
whether	O
you	O
've	O
won	O
or	O
lost	O
.	O
"	O


Jessica	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
personally	O
feels	O
little	O
anxiety	O
about	O
money	O
management	O
,	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
one	O
of	O
her	O
core	O
principles	O
for	O
investing	O
is	O
to	O
not	O
compare	O
herself	O
with	O
others	O
.	O


"	O
This	O
is	O
because	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
opportunities	O
to	O
make	O
money	O
come	O
and	O
go	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
make	O
a	O
lot	O
this	O
wave	O
,	O
there	O
'll	O
be	O
another	O
wave	O
later	O
.	O
"	O


She	O
says	O
that	O
anxiety	O
rises	O
in	O
direct	O
proportion	O
to	O
a	O
person	O
's	O
expectations	O
and	O
desires	O
.	O


The	O
more	O
you	O
want	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
anxiety	O
you	O
feel	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
greater	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
sense	O
of	O
disappointment	O
if	O
you	O
fail	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
anxiety	O
derives	O
from	O
greed	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
you	O
buy	O
TSMC	B-ORG
at	O
150	B-CARDINAL
hoping	O
it	O
will	O
go	O
up	O
to	O
220	B-CARDINAL
within	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
months	O
because	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
make	O
your	O
final	O
house	O
payment	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
only	O
goes	O
up	O
to	O
200	B-CARDINAL
,	O
you	O
'll	O
feel	O
dissatisfied	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Liu	B-PERSON
.	O


This	O
sense	O
of	O
disappointment	O
is	O
completely	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
a	O
proper	O
money	O
management	O
outlook	O
.	O


People	O
in	O
middle	O
age	O
invest	O
in	O
hopes	O
of	O
finding	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
personal	O
security	O
.	O


But	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
e-generation	O
often	O
have	O
more	O
specific	O
objectives	O
in	O
mind	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ting	I-PERSON
,	O
currently	O
a	O
sophomore	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
at	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchi	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
puts	O
the	O
money	O
she	O
makes	O
working	O
part	O
-	O
time	O
into	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
that	O
she	O
has	O
"	O
a	O
specific	O
plan	O
for	O
each	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
going	O
abroad	O
,	O
or	O
buying	O
a	O
car	O
.	O
"	O


So	O
her	O
aim	O
is	O
"	O
to	O
manage	O
my	O
money	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
can	O
spend	O
it	O
!	O
"	O


Lin	B-PERSON
's	O
classmate	O
Ou	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ming	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
always	O
wanted	O
to	O
save	O
money	O
to	O
go	O
traveling	O
with	O
his	O
girlfriend	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
after	O
vacillating	O
for	O
quite	O
a	O
while	O
,	O
he	O
finally	O
borrowed	O
NT$	B-MONEY
80,000	I-MONEY
from	O
his	O
mother	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
stocks	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
assumption	O
that	O
,	O
by	O
putting	O
to	O
use	O
what	O
he	O
was	O
learning	O
in	O
school	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
that	O
hard	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
good	O
return	O
.	O


Alas	O
,	O
he	O
put	O
his	O
faith	O
in	O
the	O
predictions	O
of	O
a	O
certain	O
investment	O
adviser	O
,	O
and	O
put	O
everything	O
he	O
had	O
into	O
securities	O
stocks	O
,	O
which	O
stagnated	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
election	O
of	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
as	O
president	O
,	O
he	O
mistakenly	O
assumed	O
that	O
the	O
market	O
would	O
go	O
down	O
,	O
and	O
sold	O
everything	O
without	O
even	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
share	O
prices	O
.	O


He	O
ended	O
up	O
selling	O
at	O
the	O
low	O
point	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
dream	O
of	O
going	O
abroad	O
is	O
even	O
farther	O
out	O
of	O
reach	O
than	O
it	O
was	O
before	O
.	O


Healthy	O
money	O
management	O


Chiu	B-PERSON
Shean	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bii	I-PERSON
of	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
was	O
told	O
in	O
a	O
recent	O
meeting	O
with	O
the	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
certain	O
large	O
American	B-NORP
commercial	O
bank	O
:	O
"	O
Asians	B-NORP
always	O
ask	O
:	O
'	O
Is	O
the	O
market	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
up	O
or	O
down	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
?	O
'	O


But	O
investment	O
advisors	O
are	O
not	O
weather	O
forecasters	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
pretend	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
know	O
the	O
future	O
.	O
"	O


This	O
banker	O
says	O
that	O
his	O
money	O
management	O
target	O
is	O
not	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
specific	O
profit	O
within	O
a	O
specific	O
time	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
financial	O
instruments	O
-	O
including	O
defensive	O
investments	O
like	O
insurance	O
and	O
reliable	O
ones	O
like	O
savings	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
an	O
active	O
investment	O
portfolio	O
-	O
to	O
appropriately	O
diversify	O
his	O
assets	O
.	O


He	O
seeks	O
to	O
"	O
build	O
a	O
Noah	B-PERSON
's	O
ark	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
weather	O
is	O
good	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
make	O
a	O
little	O
more	O
progress	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
storms	O
hit	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
ride	O
them	O
out	O
.	O
"	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Yi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fen	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
comes	O
across	O
all	O
manner	O
of	O
money	O
management	O
plans	O
every	O
day	O
,	O
often	O
wonders	O
about	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
it	O
all	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
that	O
today	B-DATE
banks	O
are	O
always	O
talking	O
about	O
how	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
provide	O
every	O
individual	O
with	O
tools	O
to	O
"	O
intelligently	O
manage	O
money	O
.	O
"	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
they	O
provide	O
credit	O
cards	O
that	O
award	O
bonus	O
points	O
,	O
housing	O
loans	O
with	O
built	O
-	O
in	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
overdrafts	O
for	O
investment	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
mutual	O
fund	O
accounts	O
that	O
will	O
automatically	O
invest	O
a	O
specific	O
amount	O
at	O
fixed	O
times	O
.	O


But	O
how	O
much	O
money	O
is	O
enough	O
?	O


That	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
values	O
of	O
the	O
individual	O
.	O


"	O
Each	O
individual	O
should	O
choose	O
a	O
lifestyle	O
and	O
belief	O
system	O
that	O
they	O
feel	O
comfortable	O
with	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
just	O
follow	O
the	O
crowd	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Chen	B-PERSON
.	O


After	O
all	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
pluralized	O
society	O
,	O
there	O
should	O
be	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
definition	O
of	O
success	O
.	O


Recently	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
news	O
story	O
about	O
the	O
old	O
author	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Tuo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wu	I-PERSON
having	O
to	O
sell	O
lottery	O
tickets	O
on	O
the	O
street	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
financial	O
expert	O
took	O
Chang	B-PERSON
as	O
an	O
object	O
lesson	O
to	O
"	O
warn	O
"	O
people	O
to	O
learn	O
how	O
to	O
manage	O
their	O
money	O
.	O


Yet	O
,	O
looking	O
at	O
this	O
another	O
way	O
,	O
if	O
Chang	B-PERSON
had	O
spent	O
his	O
youth	O
worrying	O
about	O
accumulating	O
money	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
had	O
the	O
experiences	O
he	O
did	O
and	O
made	O
his	O
way	O
from	O
being	O
an	O
ordinary	O
soldier	O
to	O
writing	O
such	O
moving	O
works	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
numbers	O
that	O
can	O
validly	O
measure	O
what	O
has	O
been	O
gained	O
in	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
lost	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
biggest	O
causes	O
of	O
family	O
arguments	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
have	O
been	O
differences	O
over	O
who	O
to	O
vote	O
for	O
in	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
,	O
and	O
over	O
what	O
stocks	O
to	O
buy	O
.	O


As	O
Jessica	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
reminds	O
us	O
,	O
money	O
management	O
,	O
like	O
life	O
itself	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
accumulation	O
of	O
small	O
experiences	O
,	O
a	O
long	O
road	O
with	O
ups	O
and	O
downs	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
should	O
be	O
faced	O
with	O
equanimity	O
.	O


After	O
all	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
making	O
money	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
better	O
life	O
?	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
lose	O
your	O
sense	O
of	O
fun	O
,	O
your	O
health	O
,	O
or	O
your	O
friends	O
and	O
family	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
you	O
win	O
the	O
money	O
game	O
only	O
at	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
losing	O
the	O
game	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
a	O
return	O
on	O
your	O
investment	O
is	O
that	O
?	O


Stand	O
Up	O
and	O
Join	O
In	O
!	O


ROC	B-GPE
Diplomacy	O
on	O
the	O
Move	O


Ever	O
since	O
the	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
withdrew	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
in	O
1971	B-DATE
,	O
nearly	O
30	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
relations	O
have	O
been	O
in	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
chronic	O
crisis	O
-	O
leaving	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
with	O
a	O
diplomatic	O
sword	O
of	O
Damocles	B-PERSON
hanging	O
permanently	O
overhead	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
become	O
an	O
economic	O
powerhouse	O
,	O
and	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
have	O
become	O
world	O
travelers	O
,	O
yet	O
there	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
trace	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
shooting	O
may	O
have	O
stopped	O
half	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
Civil	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
,	O
but	O
the	O
war	O
has	O
been	O
extended	O
by	O
other	O
means	O
-	O
diplomacy	O
.	O


The	O
overall	O
international	O
environment	O
has	O
not	O
changed	O
,	O
but	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
government	O
has	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
Democratic	B-ORG
Progressive	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
DPP	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
,	O
with	O
which	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
has	O
no	O
historical	O
relationship	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
ruling	O
party	O
.	O


In	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
old	O
saying	O
"	O
the	O
newborn	O
calf	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
that	O
it	O
should	O
fear	O
the	O
tiger	O
,	O
"	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
has	O
been	O
especially	O
active	O
on	O
the	O
diplomatic	O
front	O
.	O


In	O
June	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Tien	B-PERSON
Hung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
mao	I-PERSON
visited	O
Macedonia	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Vatican	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
two	O
countries	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
that	O
have	O
formal	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
traveled	O
to	O
six	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
diplomatic	O
partners	O
in	O
Central	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
and	O
Africa	B-LOC
.	O


In	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
Tien	B-PERSON
Hung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
mao	I-PERSON
again	O
journeyed	O
to	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
while	O
Vice	O
President	O
Annette	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
followed	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
trip	O
to	O
with	O
a	O
visit	O
of	O
her	O
own	O
to	O
ROC	B-GPE
diplomatic	O
partners	O
in	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
.	O


As	O
is	O
commonly	O
known	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
diplomatic	O
difficulties	O
mainly	O
are	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
cross-strait	O
confrontation	O
.	O


Will	O
the	O
flurry	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
level	O
visits	O
abroad	O
by	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
bring	O
the	O
diplomatic	O
breakthrough	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
people	O
almost	O
do	O
n't	O
dare	O
to	O
hope	O
for	O
?	O


Will	O
China	B-GPE
adopt	O
a	O
new	O
containment	O
policy	O
?	O


What	O
counter-measures	O
does	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
government	O
have	O
?	O


In	O
these	O
visits	O
abroad	O
,	O
the	O
president	O
and	O
vice	O
president	O
traveled	O
with	O
large	O
retinues	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
foreign	O
minister	O
kept	O
a	O
low	O
profile	O
.	O


Does	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
have	O
anything	O
in	O
its	O
bag	O
of	O
tricks	O
that	O
the	O
old	O
hands	O
in	O
the	O
former	O
KMT	B-ORG
administration	O
did	O
not	O
try	O
?	O


Some	O
say	O
that	O
"	O
national	O
sovereignty	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
economic	O
assistance	O
"	O
are	O
the	O
two	O
"	O
Achilles	B-PERSON
heels	O
"	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
relations	O
.	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
mentioned	O
,	O
they	O
draw	O
crippling	O
fire	O
.	O


"	O
National	O
sovereignty	O
"	O
meets	O
with	O
powerful	O
resistance	O
from	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
resists	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
efforts	O
to	O
establish	O
interstate	O
diplomatic	O
links	O
,	O
a	O
key	O
indicator	O
of	O
sovereignty	O
.	O


"	O
Economic	O
assistance	O
,	O
"	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
though	O
an	O
important	O
tool	O
in	O
maintaining	O
diplomatic	O
ties	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
frequently	O
ridiculed	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
as	O
"	O
checkbook	O
diplomacy	O
.	O
"	O


Achilles	B-PERSON
heels	O


"	O
National	O
sovereignty	O
"	O
is	O
reflected	O
in	O
a	O
country	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
engage	O
in	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
this	O
most	O
critical	O
area	O
for	O
national	O
survival	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
long	O
been	O
suffering	O
from	O
PRC	B-GPE
efforts	O
to	O
undercut	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
international	O
status	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
as	O
Levi	B-PERSON
C.	I-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
legislator	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
,	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
only	O
real	O
obstacle	O
and	O
enemy	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
relations	O
.	O


In	O
1998	B-DATE
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
made	O
the	O
boast	O
that	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
would	O
have	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
diplomatic	O
partners	O
,	O
and	O
moved	O
to	O
undercut	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
relationships	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
still	O
trying	O
to	O
achieve	O
this	O
target	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
July	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
book	O
published	O
by	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
entitled	O
Chinese	B-WORK_OF_ART
Foreign	I-WORK_OF_ART
Policy	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Year	I-WORK_OF_ART
2000	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
declared	O
that	O
its	O
most	O
important	O
foreign	O
policy	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
"	O
reunify	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
strongly	O
attacked	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
efforts	O
to	O
be	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
terms	O
of	O
its	O
relationships	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
makes	O
the	O
"	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
problem	O
"	O
a	O
top	O
priority	O
.	O


Liu	B-PERSON
Pi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jung	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
professor	O
of	O
politics	O
at	O
Soochow	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
in	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
diplomatic	O
struggle	O
between	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
and	O
PRC	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
is	O
useful	O
to	O
distinguish	O
three	B-CARDINAL
arenas	O
:	O
the	O
Asia	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
situation	O
,	O
formal	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
,	O
and	O
international	O
organizations	O
.	O


In	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
Asia	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
situation	O
,	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
strongly	O
resists	O
any	O
international	O
support	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
placing	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
within	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Guidelines	B-LAW
for	I-LAW
US	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
Japan	I-LAW
Defense	I-LAW
Cooperation	I-LAW
.	O
"	O


Thus	O
the	O
attitude	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
has	O
become	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
factors	O
in	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
new	O
DPP	B-ORG
administration	O
took	O
office	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
deeply	O
worried	O
by	O
the	O
party	O
's	O
advocacy	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
independence	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
have	O
yet	O
to	O
open	O
any	O
formal	O
dialogue	O
mechanism	O
such	O
as	O
existed	O
before	O
the	O
freezing	O
of	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
which	O
occurred	O
after	O
former	O
president	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
went	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
in	O
1996	B-DATE
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
position	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
-	O
PRC	B-GPE
-	O
ROC	B-GPE
triangle	O
has	O
deteriorated	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Teng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
"	O
special	O
state	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
state	O
"	O
formula	O
and	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
active	O
efforts	O
to	O
improve	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


An	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
latter	O
is	O
the	O
September	B-DATE
visit	O
of	O
PRC	B-GPE
President	O
Jiang	B-PERSON
Zemin	I-PERSON
to	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
millennial	O
conference	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
run	O
-	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
presidential	O
election	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
an	O
effort	O
by	O
anti-Communist	B-ORG
forces	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
to	O
"	O
demonize	O
"	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Jiang	B-PERSON
's	O
address	O
to	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
-	O
which	O
was	O
very	O
friendly	O
in	O
tone	O
and	O
was	O
delivered	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
is	O
widely	O
believed	O
to	O
have	O
effectively	O
improved	O
the	O
negative	O
image	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
September	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
Congress	B-ORG
passed	O
a	O
resolution	O
granting	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
permanent	O
normal	O
trade	O
relations	O
,	O
bringing	O
the	O
bilateral	O
relationship	O
another	O
step	O
forward	O
.	O


Track	O
two	B-CARDINAL


Jason	B-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON
,	O
formerly	O
foreign	O
minister	O
and	O
now	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Cultural	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
in	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
,	O
warns	O
that	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
is	O
already	O
leaning	O
toward	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
trilateral	O
relationship	O
.	O


The	O
PRC	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
intensively	O
lobbying	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
on	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
"	O
one	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
"	O
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
can	O
not	O
sit	O
idly	O
by	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
is	O
aware	O
of	O
this	O
point	O
.	O


President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
has	O
openly	O
asked	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
to	O
play	O
a	O
more	O
active	O
balancing	O
role	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
.	O


Lee	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yuan	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
DPP	B-ORG
legislator	O
who	O
is	O
tapped	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
next	O
deputy	O
representative	O
of	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
states	O
that	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
the	O
formal	O
channels	O
between	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
are	O
functioning	O
very	O
smoothly	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
Chen	B-PERSON
's	O
keeping	O
of	O
his	O
promise	O
to	O
make	O
an	O
August	B-DATE
stopover	O
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
very	O
low	O
-	O
key	O
has	O
strengthened	O
mutual	O
trust	O
between	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
trying	O
to	O
strengthen	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
"	O
track	O
two	B-CARDINAL
"	O
communications	O
between	O
think	O
tanks	O
in	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
,	O
PRC	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
Think	O
tanks	O
have	O
a	O
considerable	O
influence	O
on	O
government	O
policies	O
.	O


Strengthening	O
contacts	O
between	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
would	O
help	O
mutual	O
understanding	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Lee	B-PERSON
.	O


Formal	O
diplomatic	O
partners	O


While	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
is	O
deeply	O
involved	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
relationship	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
has	O
an	O
even	O
more	O
immediate	O
target	O
:	O
to	O
break	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
formal	O
diplomatic	O
relationships	O
,	O
which	O
give	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
the	O
status	O
of	O
a	O
sovereign	O
country	O
.	O


For	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
now	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
countries	O
which	O
recognize	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
between	B-CARDINAL
28	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
,	O
with	O
the	O
current	O
number	O
being	O
29	B-CARDINAL
.	O


However	O
,	O
recently	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
stepping	O
up	O
its	O
pressure	O
on	O
ROC	B-GPE
diplomatic	O
partners	O
in	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
,	O
Africa	B-LOC
,	O
and	O
the	B-LOC
South	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
book	O
Chinese	B-WORK_OF_ART
Foreign	I-WORK_OF_ART
Policy	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Year	I-WORK_OF_ART
2000	I-WORK_OF_ART
specifically	O
states	O
that	O
Beijing	B-GPE
is	O
targeting	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
diplomatic	O
partners	O
in	O
Central	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
-	O
Guatemala	B-GPE
,	O
Honduras	B-GPE
,	O
El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
,	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
,	O
Costa	B-GPE
Rica	I-GPE
,	O
Panama	B-GPE
,	O
Haiti	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	B-GPE
Dominican	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
-	O
for	O
upgrading	O
of	O
formal	O
relationships	O
.	O


The	O
book	O
also	O
mentions	O
ways	O
in	O
which	O
improvement	O
in	O
ties	O
has	O
taken	O
place	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
says	O
the	O
book	O
,	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
relations	O
between	O
Beijing	B-GPE
and	O
Panama	B-GPE
took	O
a	O
giant	O
step	O
forward	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
rumors	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
about	O
a	O
possible	O
break	O
in	O
relations	O
with	O
Panama	B-GPE
were	O
not	O
completely	O
unfounded	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
when	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
visited	O
the	B-GPE
Dominican	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
in	O
August	O
,	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
ambassador	O
there	O
reported	O
that	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
managed	O
to	O
get	O
the	B-GPE
Dominican	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
agreement	O
to	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
a	O
PRC	B-GPE
office	O
in	O
the	O
DR	B-GPE
capital	O
by	O
playing	O
on	O
the	O
DR	B-GPE
's	O
desire	O
to	O
extend	O
its	O
consular	O
rights	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


In	O
Africa	B-LOC
,	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
tried	O
very	O
hard	O
to	O
get	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
diplomatic	O
partners	O
on	O
that	O
continent	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
Sino	I-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
African	I-EVENT
Cooperation	I-EVENT
Forum	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
held	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
in	O
October	B-DATE
.	O


Although	O
ultimately	O
all	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
refused	O
,	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
's	O
determination	O
to	O
strengthen	O
interactions	O
with	O
these	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
is	O
unmistakable	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
South	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
,	O
there	O
were	O
gains	O
and	O
losses	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
losing	O
its	O
formal	O
ties	O
with	O
Tonga	B-GPE
but	O
gaining	O
formal	O
recognition	O
from	O
the	B-GPE
Marshall	I-GPE
Islands	I-GPE
.	O


Fish	O
in	O
water	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
does	O
not	O
have	O
many	O
cards	O
to	O
play	O
in	O
developing	O
formal	O
diplomatic	O
relationships	O
.	O


Early	O
on	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
agricultural	O
technology	O
and	O
the	O
dedication	O
of	O
its	O
agricultural	O
cooperation	O
teams	O
helped	O
maintain	O
relations	O
with	O
African	B-NORP
and	O
South	B-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
countries	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
power	O
-	O
including	O
both	O
financial	O
assistance	O
and	O
overseas	O
investment	O
-	O
has	O
added	O
another	O
card	O
to	O
play	O
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
assistance	O
programs	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
subject	O
of	O
considerable	O
criticism	O
at	O
home	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Progressive	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
repeatedly	O
attacked	O
foreign	O
aid	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
now	O
holds	O
the	O
presidency	O
has	O
n't	O
reduced	O
the	O
general	O
dissatisfaction	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


Levi	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
the	O
old	O
government	O
gave	O
out	O
financial	O
assistance	O
"	O
as	O
if	O
money	O
grew	O
on	O
trees	O
.	O
"	O


Yet	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
,	O
which	O
criticized	O
this	O
policy	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
following	O
the	O
same	O
old	O
path	O
.	O


"	O
Although	O
you	O
can	O
argue	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
vital	O
to	O
maintain	O
formal	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
with	O
as	O
many	O
countries	O
as	O
possible	O
until	O
such	O
time	O
as	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
tacit	O
diplomatic	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
with	O
Communist	B-NORP
China	B-GPE
,	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
budget	O
faces	O
growing	O
constraints	O
and	O
the	O
island	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
recovered	O
from	O
the	O
recent	O
earthquake	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
acceptable	O
for	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
be	O
spreading	O
such	O
a	O
huge	O
amount	O
of	O
money	O
abroad	O
.	O
"	O


What	O
is	O
so	O
important	O
about	O
financial	O
assistance	O
that	O
both	O
the	O
old	O
and	O
the	O
new	O
administrations	O
place	O
such	O
emphasis	O
on	O
it	O
?	O


Former	O
foreign	O
minister	O
Jason	B-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON
defends	O
foreign	O
aid	O
by	O
arguing	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
kinds	O
of	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
:	O
those	O
that	O
help	O
and	O
those	O
that	O
need	O
help	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
Taiwan	B-GPE
was	O
a	O
recipient	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
aid	O
,	O
so	O
now	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
the	O
economic	O
power	O
to	O
return	O
the	O
favor	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
do	O
so	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
explains	O
Hu	O
,	O
"	O
In	O
fact	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
money	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
spends	O
on	O
foreign	O
assistance	O
is	O
very	O
limited	O
.	O


Currently	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
asks	O
that	O
OECD	B-ORG
countries	O
try	O
to	O
spend	O
0.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
their	O
GNP	O
on	O
foreign	O
aid	O
.	O


Although	O
most	O
countries	O
do	O
not	O
reach	O
this	O
level	O
,	O
most	O
spend	O
at	B-PERCENT
least	I-PERCENT
0.2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
is	O
spending	O
only	O
about	B-PERCENT
0.1	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
!	O
"	O


Since	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
basic	O
obligation	O
to	O
help	O
all	O
countries	O
in	O
need	O
,	O
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
already	O
doing	O
less	O
than	O
it	O
should	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
all	O
the	O
more	O
understandable	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
gives	O
aid	O
to	O
countries	O
with	O
which	O
it	O
has	O
formal	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
.	O


Jaw	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ling	I-PERSON
Joanne	I-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
researcher	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
European	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
American	I-ORG
Studies	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-ORG
Academia	I-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
public	O
needs	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
issue	O
from	O
a	O
new	O
angle	O
.	O


Relations	O
between	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
diplomatic	O
partners	O
should	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
mutually	O
beneficial	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
diplomatic	O
partners	O
have	O
economic	O
needs	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
give	O
financial	O
assistance	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
diplomatic	O
problems	O
,	O
so	O
our	O
diplomatic	O
partners	O
support	O
our	O
entry	O
into	O
international	O
organizations	O
.	O


Each	O
side	O
gets	O
something	O
it	O
needs	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
relationship	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
summed	O
up	O
as	O
a	O
purely	O
financial	O
one	O
.	O


Chang	B-PERSON
continues	O
:	O
"	O
It	O
is	O
shallow	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
maintenance	O
of	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
diplomatic	O
partners	O
as	O
depending	O
only	O
on	O
money	O
.	O


Ties	O
with	O
some	O
Latin	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
countries	O
go	O
back	O
40	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
50	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Such	O
a	O
long	O
period	O
of	O
friendship	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
explained	O
only	O
by	O
the	O
size	O
or	O
wealth	O
of	O
the	O
countries	O
involved	O
.	O


"	O
In	O
fact	O
,	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
has	O
spent	O
much	O
larger	O
sums	O
of	O
money	O
than	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
trying	O
to	O
woo	O
away	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
's	O
diplomatic	O
partners	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
often	O
dangles	O
its	O
enormous	O
domestic	O
market	O
before	O
them	O
as	O
an	O
inducement	O
.	O


Take	O
for	O
example	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
"	O
banana	O
diplomacy	O
"	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
employed	O
toward	O
Costa	B-GPE
Rica	I-GPE
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Attempting	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
bananas	O
are	O
Costa	B-GPE
Rica	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
main	O
export	O
,	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
,	O
through	O
private	O
channels	O
,	O
indicated	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
purchase	O
Costa	B-NORP
Rican	I-NORP
bananas	O
at	O
a	O
high	O
price	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
has	O
no	O
formal	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
with	O
Costa	B-GPE
Rica	I-GPE
,	O
they	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
add	O
a	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
customs	O
tax	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
clearly	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
use	O
commercial	O
incentives	O
to	O
force	O
the	O
Costa	B-NORP
Rican	I-NORP
government	O
's	O
hand	O
.	O


As	O
it	O
turned	O
out	O
,	O
Costa	B-NORP
Rican	I-NORP
bananas	O
had	O
been	O
contracted	O
out	O
early	O
to	O
large	O
corporations	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
companies	O
commissioned	O
by	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
failed	O
to	O
pay	O
up	O
as	O
promised	O
,	O
causing	O
Costa	B-NORP
Rican	I-NORP
farmers	O
to	O
lose	O
confidence	O
in	O
them	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
goal	O
was	O
not	O
achieved	O
.	O


Nonetheless	O
,	O
from	O
this	O
case	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
PRC	B-GPE
diplomacy	O
has	O
been	O
extended	O
to	O
cover	O
the	O
commercial	O
field	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Learning	O
from	O
this	O
,	O
President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
must	O
deepen	O
its	O
economic	O
diplomacy	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
must	O
take	O
the	O
lead	O
in	O
negotiating	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
markets	O
and	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
business	O
opportunities	O
with	O
other	O
countries	O
and	O
international	O
organizations	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
businesses	O
must	O
collectively	O
move	O
to	O
the	O
front	O
line	O
.	O


Only	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
can	O
a	O
win	O
-	O
win	O
situation	O
for	O
both	O
diplomacy	O
and	O
trade	O
be	O
created	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
is	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
engaged	O
in	O
economic	O
diplomacy	O
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
now	O
,	O
yet	O
the	O
results	O
are	O
not	O
particularly	O
obvious	O
.	O


Jason	B-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
currently	O
economic	O
diplomacy	O
has	O
shown	O
only	O
limited	O
results	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
are	O
still	O
areas	O
where	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
can	O
work	O
harder	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
main	O
thing	O
the	O
government	O
can	O
do	O
is	O
provide	O
information	O
and	O
convenience	O
.	O


This	O
requires	O
coordination	O
among	O
the	O
Government	B-ORG
Information	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
[	O
GIO	B-ORG
]	O
,	O
MOEA	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
foreign	O
ministry	O
.	O


Yet	O
,	O
so	O
far	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
GIO	B-ORG
has	O
sent	O
staff	O
to	O
diplomatic	O
partners	O
to	O
coordinate	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
MOEA	B-ORG
has	O
not	O
posted	O
staff	O
to	O
all	O
relevant	O
overseas	O
offices	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Greater	O
effort	O
and	O
creativity	O
is	O
needed	O
in	O
economic	O
diplomacy	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
requires	O
more	O
study	O
and	O
discussion	O
among	O
the	O
political	O
parties	O
,	O
businessmen	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
academic	O
community	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
greater	O
flexibility	O
and	O
coordination	O
in	O
the	O
MOFA	B-ORG
and	O
other	O
government	O
agencies	O
.	O


Process	O
vs.	O
outcomes	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
ROC	B-GPE
diplomatic	O
partners	O
is	O
far	O
behind	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
seriously	O
impedes	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
efforts	O
to	O
take	O
part	O
in	O
international	O
organizations	O
.	O


For	O
international	O
organizations	O
of	O
which	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
is	O
already	O
member	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
,	O
although	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
repeatedly	O
knocked	O
at	O
the	O
door	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
met	O
with	O
repeated	O
failure	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
international	O
pressure	O
imposed	O
by	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
under	O
the	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
China	B-GPE
"	O
principle	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Organi	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
zation	I-ORG
,	O
to	O
which	O
both	O
sides	O
are	O
attempting	O
to	O
gain	O
entry	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
has	O
brought	O
its	O
diplomatic	O
superiority	O
to	O
bear	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
enter	O
prior	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


However	O
,	O
because	O
negotiations	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
on	O
early	O
PRC	B-GPE
entry	O
have	O
not	O
reached	O
a	O
successful	O
outcome	O
,	O
PRC	B-GPE
entry	O
has	O
been	O
continually	O
postponed	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
seriously	O
affected	O
the	O
schedule	O
for	O
ROC	B-GPE
entry	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
age	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
village	O
,	O
international	O
organizations	O
are	O
increasingly	O
important	O
.	O


How	O
much	O
room	O
to	O
maneuver	O
does	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
in	O
this	O
respect	O
?	O


Lo	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
cheng	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
Research	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
at	O
the	O
MOFA	B-ORG
,	O
believes	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
still	O
has	O
room	O
to	O
maneuver	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
international	O
economic	O
organizations	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
for	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
and	O
its	O
affiliated	O
organizations	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
or	O
UNESCO	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
faces	O
countless	O
obstacles	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
is	O
currently	O
the	O
only	O
nation	O
that	O
enjoys	O
sovereignty	O
that	O
is	O
excluded	O
from	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


When	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
visited	O
Costa	B-GPE
Rica	I-GPE
in	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
that	O
country	O
,	O
Miguel	B-PERSON
Angel	I-PERSON
Rodriguez	I-PERSON
,	O
indicated	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
that	O
his	O
country	O
would	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
help	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
enter	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
.	O


But	O
he	O
suggested	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
should	O
reconsider	O
its	O
tactical	O
approach	O
;	O
otherwise	O
repeated	O
failure	O
could	O
cause	O
people	O
to	O
lose	O
interest	O
and	O
faith	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
this	O
has	O
already	O
happened	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
public	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
seen	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
effort	O
fail	O
repeatedly	O
.	O


People	O
are	O
wondering	O
whether	O
something	O
should	O
be	O
changed	O
in	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
approach	O
to	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
.	O


Lo	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
cheng	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
only	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
efforts	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
-	O
you	O
also	O
have	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
the	O
process	O
.	O


"	O
Applying	O
for	O
entry	O
to	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
demonstrates	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
sovereign	O
state	O
and	O
is	O
qualified	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
UN	B-ORG
member	O
.	O


This	O
reminds	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
to	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
existence	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
perspective	O
of	O
the	O
foreign	O
ministry	O
,	O
efforts	O
to	O
re-enter	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
are	O
not	O
only	O
excellent	O
training	O
for	O
diplomatic	O
personnel	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
provide	O
a	O
regular	O
test	O
of	O
how	O
secure	O
relations	O
are	O
between	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
diplomatic	O
partner	O
states	O
,	O
"	O
explains	O
Lo	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
PRC	B-GPE
worked	O
for	O
21	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
gain	O
entry	O
to	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
,	O
while	O
we	O
have	O
only	O
been	O
at	O
it	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


There	O
's	O
no	O
point	O
in	O
getting	O
overanxious	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
impossible	O
that	O
the	O
general	O
environment	O
will	O
change	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
application	O
to	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
particularly	O
emphasized	O
that	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
could	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
forum	O
for	O
the	O
peaceful	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
cross-strait	O
problem	O
.	O


This	O
increases	O
international	O
understanding	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
sincerity	O
vis	O
-	O
a	O
-	O
vis	O
the	O
cross-strait	O
and	O
international	O
relations	O
issues	O
.	O


Flexible	O
diplomacy	O


Looking	O
at	O
the	O
overall	O
diplomatic	O
situation	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
faces	O
more	O
challenges	O
,	O
not	O
fewer	O
.	O


That	O
being	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
so	O
far	O
,	O
how	O
has	O
the	O
new	O
foreign	O
policy	O
team	O
been	O
doing	O
?	O


Joanne	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Academia	I-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
says	O
that	O
although	O
most	O
people	O
feel	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
's	O
strategies	O
-	O
"	O
diplomacy	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
people	O
,	O
"	O
economic	O
diplomacy	O
,	O
and	O
entry	O
into	O
nongovernmental	O
organizations	O
-	O
differ	O
little	O
from	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
remember	O
that	O
diplomacy	O
is	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
game	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
details	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
foreign	O
policy	O
team	O
has	O
already	O
brought	O
in	O
some	O
fresh	O
air	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
she	O
notes	O
,	O
recently	O
the	O
MOFA	B-ORG
,	O
through	O
its	O
"	O
virtual	O
diplomacy	O
institute	O
,	O
"	O
has	O
begun	O
offering	O
a	O
class	O
in	O
"	O
diplomacy	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
people	O
"	O
that	O
provides	O
training	O
to	O
legislative	O
assistants	O
,	O
political	O
party	O
staff	O
,	O
and	O
employees	O
of	O
nongovernmental	O
organizations	O
.	O


The	O
aim	O
is	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
capability	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
international	O
affairs	O
among	O
a	O
wider	O
public	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
continuing	O
to	O
encourage	O
and	O
assist	O
private	O
groups	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
nongovernmental	O
organizations	O
,	O
is	O
eliminating	O
the	O
units	O
abroad	O
which	O
have	O
proven	O
ineffective	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
promoting	O
"	O
human	O
rights	O
diplomacy	O
.	O
"	O


All	O
of	O
these	O
are	O
new	O
approaches	O
in	O
foreign	O
affairs	O
.	O


Lo	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
cheng	I-PERSON
relates	O
that	O
,	O
though	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
direct	O
and	O
immediate	O
impact	O
on	O
inter-state	O
relations	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
private	O
participation	O
in	O
nongovernmental	O
organizations	O
,	O
nevertheless	O
such	O
participation	O
can	O
strengthen	O
communication	O
and	O
contact	O
between	O
peoples	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Research	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
intends	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
special	O
NGO	O
subcommittee	O
,	O
led	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
to	O
provide	O
information	O
and	O
practical	O
assistance	O
to	O
domestic	O
NGOs	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Lo	B-PERSON
explains	O
that	O
in	O
democratic	O
countries	O
,	O
with	O
whom	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
would	O
like	O
to	O
strengthen	O
ties	O
,	O
public	O
opinion	O
is	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
policy	O
direction	O
.	O


So	O
over	O
the	O
long	O
term	O
,	O
people	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
people	O
contacts	O
will	O
definitely	O
have	O
a	O
positive	O
effect	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
thinking	O
behind	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
advocacy	O
of	O
"	O
human	O
rights	O
diplomacy	O
.	O
"	O


By	O
emphasizing	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
concern	O
for	O
human	O
rights	O
on	O
the	O
international	O
stage	O
,	O
not	O
only	O
can	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
make	O
its	O
own	O
democratization	O
experience	O
available	O
for	O
other	O
countries	O
currently	O
going	O
through	O
the	O
same	O
process	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
bring	O
itself	O
closer	O
to	O
those	O
countries	O
which	O
also	O
place	O
a	O
strong	O
emphasis	O
on	O
human	O
rights	O
.	O


Besides	O
promoting	O
new	O
ideas	O
,	O
says	O
Lo	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
MOFA	B-ORG
is	O
also	O
undertaking	O
internal	O
reform	O
.	O


In	O
early	B-DATE
September	I-DATE
the	O
MOFA	B-ORG
announced	O
that	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
efficiency	O
evaluations	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
would	O
close	O
its	O
representative	O
offices	O
in	O
the	O
African	B-NORP
countries	O
of	O
the	O
Congo	B-GPE
,	O
Angola	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Madagascar	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
Lo	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
"	O
The	O
ROC	B-GPE
must	O
move	O
in	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
flexible	O
diplomacy	O
and	O
utilize	O
foreign	O
policy	O
resources	O
more	O
flexibly	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
overseas	O
offices	O
of	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
will	O
undertake	O
functional	O
integration	O
at	O
the	O
continental	O
level	O
,	O
with	O
different	O
locations	O
having	O
different	O
specialties	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
affairs	O
,	O
political	O
affairs	O
,	O
and	O
media	O
relations	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
offices	O
in	O
a	O
particular	O
region	O
will	O
be	O
linked	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
,	O
more	O
efficient	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
richly	O
endowed	O
cooperative	O
group	O
.	O


Lo	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
the	O
main	O
countries	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
at	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
future	O
diplomatic	O
work	O
,	O
besides	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
's	O
existing	O
diplomatic	O
partners	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
nations	O
of	O
North	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
and	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


"	O
The	O
academic	O
community	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
source	O
of	O
staff	O
people	O
for	O
the	O
executive	O
branch	O
,	O
while	O
congressmen	O
set	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
legislation	O
and	O
executive	O
officials	O
determine	O
how	O
it	O
is	O
implemented	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
future	O
more	O
emphasis	O
will	O
be	O
placed	O
on	O
contacts	O
at	O
these	O
three	O
levels	O
with	O
European	B-NORP
and	O
North	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
countries	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Though	O
in	O
office	O
for	O
less	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
foreign	O
minister	O
Tien	B-PERSON
Hung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
mao	I-PERSON
has	O
already	O
been	O
to	O
Europe	B-LOC
twice	O
.	O


Based	O
on	O
his	O
comments	O
,	O
analysts	O
infer	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
may	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
establish	O
formal	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
with	O
another	O
European	B-NORP
country	O
.	O


Soft	O
diplomacy	O


Following	O
closely	O
on	O
President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
's	O
trip	O
,	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
September	I-DATE
Vice	O
President	O
Annette	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
traveled	O
to	O
Central	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
countries	O
that	O
President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
could	O
not	O
fit	O
into	O
his	O
itinerary	O
,	O
including	O
El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
,	O
Honduras	B-GPE
,	O
Belize	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Guatemala	B-GPE
,	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
have	O
formal	O
diplomatic	O
ties	O
with	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
visit	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
called	O
"	O
soft	O
diplomacy	O
,	O
"	O
breaks	O
the	O
previous	O
mold	O
of	O
focusing	O
on	O
political	O
and	O
economic	O
power	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
the	O
vice	O
president	O
's	O
delegation	O
included	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
cultural	O
,	O
religious	O
,	O
and	O
scientific	O
communities	O
,	O
and	O
elected	O
officials	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


In	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
male	O
way	O
of	O
thinking	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
priority	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
given	O
to	O
considerations	O
of	O
political	O
and	O
economic	O
power	O
,	O
Annette	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
has	O
emphasized	O
"	O
soft	O
national	O
power	O
.	O
"	O


Before	O
her	O
departure	O
she	O
stated	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
advocates	O
human	O
rights	O
,	O
democracy	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
technology	O
,	O
compassion	O
,	O
and	O
peace	O
.	O


If	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
can	O
further	O
develop	O
foreign	O
relations	O
using	O
such	O
"	O
soft	O
power	O
,	O
"	O
one	O
day	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
will	O
turn	O
around	O
and	O
want	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
join	O
.	O


Diplomats	O
are	O
anxious	O
for	O
a	O
breakthrough	O
that	O
will	O
reverse	O
negative	O
trends	O
.	O


But	O
many	O
people	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
root	O
of	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
policy	O
difficulties	O
is	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
relationship	O
with	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
.	O


Right	O
now	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
are	O
at	O
an	O
impasse	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
unlikely	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
any	O
progress	O
on	O
diplomatic	O
or	O
cross-strait	O
issues	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
.	O


Before	O
departing	O
on	O
his	O
trip	O
,	O
President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
repeatedly	O
stressed	O
that	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
tremendous	O
pressure	O
coming	O
from	O
the	O
mainland	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
other	O
considerations	O
in	O
foreign	O
policy	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
says	O
Joanne	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
,	O
it	O
is	O
precisely	O
because	O
diplomatic	O
and	O
cross-strait	O
issues	O
are	O
inextricably	O
intertwined	O
that	O
foreign	O
policy	O
breakthroughs	O
are	O
needed	O
.	O


If	O
more	O
states	O
support	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
will	O
have	O
more	O
cards	O
to	O
play	O
in	O
cross-strait	O
negotiations	O
,	O
and	O
domestic	O
morale	O
will	O
be	O
bolstered	O
and	O
people	O
's	O
fears	O
alleviated	O
.	O


As	O
President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
determination	O
is	O
power	O
.	O


The	O
global	O
values	O
espoused	O
by	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
including	O
democracy	O
,	O
human	O
rights	O
,	O
love	O
,	O
and	O
peace	O
,	O
are	O
the	O
real	O
assets	O
of	O
ROC	B-GPE
diplomacy	O
.	O


The	O
old	O
saying	O
has	O
it	O
that	O
"	O
a	O
person	O
of	O
high	O
morals	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
alone	O
.	O
"	O


We	O
now	O
look	O
with	O
high	O
hopes	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
.	O


Soldier	O
Ants	O
:	O
Maysing	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
Calls	O
for	O
NGO	O
Mobilization	O


Maysing	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
chair	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Research	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
,	O
lived	O
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


She	O
joined	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
political	O
opposition	O
movement	O
very	O
early	O
in	O
her	O
career	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
a	O
time	O
chaired	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Progressive	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Foreign	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
.	O


After	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
gained	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
central	O
government	O
,	O
in	O
view	O
of	O
Yang	B-PERSON
's	O
long	O
overseas	O
experience	O
of	O
diplomatic	O
affairs	O
and	O
the	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
community	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
recruited	O
into	O
the	O
cabinet	O
to	O
take	O
over	O
the	O
important	O
position	O
of	O
vice	O
chair	O
of	O
the	O
MOFA	B-ORG
's	O
Research	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
late	B-DATE
August	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
,	O
Maysing	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
and	O
presidential	O
advisor	O
and	O
former	O
DPP	B-ORG
chairman	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
min	I-PERSON
led	O
a	O
delegation	O
to	O
attend	O
the	O
53rd	B-ORDINAL
Annual	B-EVENT
DPI	I-EVENT
/	I-EVENT
NGO	I-EVENT
Conference	I-EVENT
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Information	I-ORG
.	O


She	O
became	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
serving	O
MOFA	B-ORG
official	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
headquarters	O
building	O
since	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
left	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
.	O


When	O
news	O
of	O
this	O
got	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
delegation	O
at	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
immediately	O
pro-tested	O
,	O
and	O
demanded	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
should	O
leave	O
the	O
conference	O
chamber	O
and	O
be	O
excluded	O
from	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
building	O
.	O


The	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
showing	O
commendable	O
courage	O
,	O
Yang	B-PERSON
and	O
Peng	B-PERSON
slipped	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
conference	O
chamber	O
.	O


But	O
their	O
actions	O
also	O
attracted	O
the	O
criticism	O
that	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
decibel	O
display	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
fact	O
helpful	O
for	O
achieving	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
return	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


However	O
,	O
Yang	B-PERSON
does	O
not	O
subscribe	O
to	O
this	O
view	O
.	O


Enthusiastic	O
,	O
outspoken	O
and	O
full	O
of	O
vitality	O
,	O
she	O
is	O
highly	O
optimistic	O
about	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
prospects	O
for	O
participation	O
in	O
UN	B-ORG
-	O
associated	O
NGOs	O
,	O
and	O
believes	O
that	O
as	O
temples	O
of	O
popular	O
campaigning	O
,	O
NGOs	O
can	O
develop	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


Below	O
she	O
describes	O
her	O
views	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
took	O
office	O
,	O
apart	O
from	O
being	O
briefed	O
on	O
our	O
diplomatic	O
partners	O
and	O
on	O
countries	O
with	O
which	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
,	O
I	O
also	O
looked	O
at	O
civic	O
organizations	O
with	O
which	O
the	O
MOFA	B-ORG
has	O
contacts	O
and	O
which	O
are	O
frequently	O
active	O
in	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
.	O


I	O
discovered	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
League	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Freedom	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Democracy	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
run	O
international	O
organization	O
with	O
a	O
complete	O
organizational	O
structure	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
's	O
Department	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Information	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
attends	O
the	B-EVENT
Annual	I-EVENT
DPI	I-EVENT
/	I-EVENT
NGO	I-EVENT
Conference	I-EVENT
every	O
year	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
too	O
it	O
was	O
planning	O
to	O
attend	O
the	O
millennium	B-DATE
edition	O
of	O
the	O
conference	O
.	O


Therefore	O
when	O
Professor	O
Peng	B-PERSON
invited	O
me	O
to	O
attend	O
,	O
I	O
agreed	O
to	O
join	O
the	O
delegation	O
as	O
an	O
advisor	O
to	O
the	O
league	O
.	O


The	O
MOFA	B-ORG
was	O
very	O
excited	O
about	O
my	O
attending	O
the	O
conference	O
,	O
because	O
we	O
can	O
say	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
a	O
MOFA	B-ORG
official	O
has	O
entered	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
headquarters	O
building	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Everyone	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
great	O
breakthrough	O
.	O


I	O
also	O
took	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
personally	O
get	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
how	O
the	B-EVENT
DPI	I-EVENT
/	I-EVENT
NGO	I-EVENT
Conference	I-EVENT
works	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
mainstream	O
international	O
thinking	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
collected	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
relevant	O
information	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
conference	O
materials	O
.	O


Thus	O
we	O
gained	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
from	O
attending	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
main	O
topics	O
at	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
conference	O
was	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
how	O
to	O
go	O
about	O
monitoring	O
how	O
governments	O
put	O
into	O
action	O
their	O
ideals	O
and	O
their	O
promises	O
to	O
their	O
peoples	O
.	O


Another	O
main	O
focus	O
of	O
discussion	O
was	O
the	O
partnership	O
between	O
NGOs	O
,	O
national	O
governments	O
and	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
itself	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
all	O
very	O
important	O
things	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
be	O
thinking	O
about	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
ought	O
to	O
participate	O
more	O
.	O


The	O
UN	B-ORG
itself	O
is	O
an	O
organization	O
of	O
national	O
governments	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
we	O
are	O
excluded	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
very	O
difficult	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


NGOs	O
represent	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
point	O
of	O
access	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
there	O
are	O
a	O
tremendous	O
number	O
of	O
NGOs	O
.	O


They	O
hold	O
frequent	O
conferences	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
have	O
an	O
ever	O
-	O
growing	O
influence	O
on	O
governments	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
a	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
I	O
went	O
to	O
Warsaw	B-GPE
to	O
attend	O
the	B-EVENT
International	I-EVENT
Forum	I-EVENT
on	I-EVENT
Democracy	I-EVENT
.	O


The	O
forum	O
was	O
attended	O
by	O
foreign	O
ministers	O
from	O
over	B-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
countries	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
also	O
an	O
NGO	O
conference	O
.	O


Those	O
attending	O
included	O
the	O
great	O
American	B-NORP
entrepreneur	O
George	B-PERSON
Soros	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
funded	O
the	O
forum	O
,	O
the	O
former	O
US	B-GPE
ambassador	O
to	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
Winston	B-PERSON
Lord	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
-	O
all	O
high	O
-	O
ranking	O
,	O
highly	O
influential	O
people	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
NGOs	O
are	O
very	O
broad	O
church	O
.	O


Retired	O
diplomats	O
,	O
business	O
-	O
people	O
,	O
social	O
campaigners	O
,	O
academics	O
and	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
foundations	O
may	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
NGOs	O
.	O


NGOs	O
can	O
be	O
more	O
powerful	O
than	O
governments	O
,	O
so	O
governments	O
certainly	O
ca	O
n	O
t	O
afford	O
to	O
ignore	O
them	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
apart	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
League	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Freedom	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Democracy	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
NGOs	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
are	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
,	O
including	O
women	O
's	O
,	O
aboriginal	O
and	O
academic	O
groups	O
.	O


We	O
hope	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
more	O
groups	O
will	O
actively	O
develop	O
an	O
international	O
profile	O
,	O
and	O
apply	O
to	O
register	O
with	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
.	O


Another	O
way	O
people	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
can	O
actively	O
participate	O
in	O
international	O
affairs	O
is	O
by	O
encouraging	O
people	O
of	O
ability	O
and	O
influence	O
in	O
society	O
to	O
apply	O
to	O
join	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
's	O
own	O
NGOs	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
population	O
,	O
human	O
rights	O
,	O
peace	O
and	O
environmental	O
groups	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
contribute	O
their	O
knowledge	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
let	O
others	O
better	O
understand	O
people	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
are	O
living	O
in	O
an	O
age	O
of	O
people	O
power	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
is	O
responding	O
to	O
the	O
trends	O
of	O
our	O
time	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
NGOs	O
merely	O
played	O
a	O
monitoring	O
role	O
at	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
,	O
but	O
now	O
the	O
trend	O
is	O
towards	O
their	O
involvement	O
in	O
policy	O
implementation	O
.	O


Hence	O
in	O
our	O
future	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
,	O
besides	O
continuing	O
to	O
press	O
for	O
admission	O
by	O
mobilizing	O
our	O
diplomatic	O
partners	O
to	O
speak	O
on	O
our	O
behalf	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
also	O
actively	O
seek	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
our	O
people	O
.	O


In	O
particular	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
universal	O
values	O
such	O
as	O
humanitarianism	O
and	O
human	O
rights	O
transcend	O
the	O
narrow	O
confines	O
of	O
national	O
boundaries	O
and	O
nationalism	O
.	O


The	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
issue	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
basic	O
human	O
rights	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
are	O
being	O
denied	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
speak	O
and	O
vote	O
in	O
international	O
affairs	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
use	O
the	O
Internet	O
to	O
gain	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
international	O
champions	O
of	O
justice	O
.	O


Furthermore	O
,	O
among	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
compatriots	O
living	O
overseas	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
who	O
opposed	O
the	O
old	O
government	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
willing	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
new	O
.	O


These	O
people	O
are	O
excellent	O
partners	O
through	O
whom	O
we	O
can	O
participate	O
in	O
UN	B-ORG
NGOs	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
communist	O
regime	O
's	O
attempts	O
to	O
suppress	O
such	O
activity	O


.	O


They	O
wo	O
n't	O
last	O
forever	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
ca	O
n't	O
discourage	O
everyone	O
who	O
supports	O
us	O
.	O


Administration	O
Accused	O
of	O
Political	O
Surveillance	O


The	B-ORG
Investigators	I-ORG
Reform	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
was	O
formed	O
in	O
early	B-DATE
September	I-DATE
,	O
set	O
off	O
a	O
political	O
firestorm	O
by	O
accusing	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
following	O
in	O
the	O
footsteps	O
of	O
its	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
predecessor	O
by	O
carrying	O
out	O
politically	O
motivated	O
surveillance	O
of	O
opposition	O
figures	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
national	O
security	O
.	O


The	O
Office	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
President	I-ORG
,	O
National	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
Ministry	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Investigation	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
have	O
all	O
denied	O
the	O
charges	O
,	O
and	O
President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
stated	O
,	O
"	O
I	O
have	O
never	O
instructed	O
security	O
organs	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
surveillance	O
against	O
specific	O
individuals	O
since	O
assuming	O
the	O
presidency	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
have	O
never	O
even	O
seen	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
'	O
National	B-WORK_OF_ART
Security	I-WORK_OF_ART
Daily	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
'	O
"	O


The	O
Association	B-ORG
has	O
stuck	O
to	O
its	O
guns	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
and	O
insists	O
that	O
the	O
situation	O
has	O
not	O
improved	O
.	O


Controversy	O
continues	O
to	O
swirl	O
.	O


For	O
a	O
government	O
that	O
stresses	O
human	O
rights	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
an	O
issue	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
ignored	O
.	O


The	O
IRA	B-ORG
leveled	O
its	O
accusations	O
at	O
a	O
press	O
conference	O
called	O
to	O
announce	O
the	O
group	O
's	O
formation	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
9	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
expressing	O
support	O
for	O
reform	O
of	O
the	O
justice	O
system	O
's	O
intelligence	O
gathering	O
organs	O
,	O
the	O
IRA	B-ORG
accused	O
the	O
new	O
administration	O
of	O
carrying	O
out	O
surveillance	O
of	O
members	O
of	O
opposition	O
parties	O
and	O
persons	O
viewed	O
as	O
rivals	O
to	O
the	O
president	O
.	O


The	O
administration	O
has	O
allegedly	O
focused	O
especially	O
on	O
KMT	B-ORG
party	O
chairman	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
,	O
People	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
First	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
chairman	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
,	O
DPP	B-ORG
chairman	O
Frank	B-PERSON
Hsieh	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Taipei	B-GPE
mayor	O
Ma	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jeou	I-PERSON
.	O


IRA	B-ORG
deputy	O
chairman	O
Su	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chi	I-PERSON
stated	O
that	O
abuse	O
of	O
investigative	O
powers	O
continues	O
unabated	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Explaining	O
the	O
"	O
chain	O
of	O
command	O
"	O
behind	O
the	O
surveillance	O
,	O
Su	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
President	I-ORG
usually	O
gets	O
the	O
ball	O
rolling	O
with	O
an	O
explicit	O
or	O
implied	O
command	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
NSB	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
,	O
which	O
relays	O
instructions	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Investigation	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
MJIB	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
.	O


Most	O
investigations	O
focus	O
on	O
political	O
information	O
on	O
members	O
of	O
opposition	O
parties	O
.	O


The	O
IRA	B-ORG
has	O
drafted	O
a	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
for	I-LAW
Neutrality	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
Supervision	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Intelligence	I-LAW
Organs	I-LAW
"	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
1	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
require	O
that	O
intelligence	O
organs	O
maintain	O
strict	O
political	O
neutrality	O
;	O
-LRB-	O
2	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
define	O
clear	O
jurisdictional	O
boundaries	O
between	O
different	O
intelligence	O
organs	O
;	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
3	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
ensure	O
proper	O
supervision	O
of	O
their	O
activities	O
.	O


The	O
IRA	B-ORG
's	O
accusations	O
have	O
elicited	O
strong	O
reactions	O
.	O


Taipei	B-GPE
mayor	O
Ma	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jeou	I-PERSON
was	O
angered	O
to	O
learn	O
that	O
intelligence	O
organs	O
would	O
abuse	O
their	O
power	O
by	O
carrying	O
out	O
political	O
surveillance	O
against	O
the	B-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
City	I-ORG
Government	I-ORG
.	O


KMT	B-ORG
chairman	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
and	O
PFP	B-ORG
chairman	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
stated	O
that	O
surveillance	O
of	O
political	O
parties	O
runs	O
counter	O
to	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
democracy	O
.	O


DPP	B-ORG
chairman	O
Frank	B-PERSON
Hsieh	I-PERSON
also	O
voiced	O
concern	O
,	O
pointing	O
out	O
that	O
when	O
he	O
recently	O
canceled	O
a	O
proposed	O
visit	O
to	O
Xiamen	B-GPE
the	O
news	O
media	O
had	O
access	O
to	O
confidential	O
information	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
matter	O
.	O


Hsieh	B-PERSON
called	O
on	O
the	O
president	O
to	O
explain	O
how	O
the	O
information	O
could	O
have	O
leaked	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Eugene	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
,	O
deputy	O
secretary	O
-	O
general	O
to	O
the	O
president	O
,	O
national	O
security	O
organs	O
are	O
required	O
by	O
law	O
to	O
collect	O
and	O
analyze	O
information	O
related	O
to	O
national	O
security	O
and	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
.	O


Information	O
and	O
analyses	O
are	O
forwarded	O
to	O
the	O
president	O
for	O
his	O
reference	O
,	O
said	O
Chien	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
no	O
one	O
focuses	O
on	O
particular	O
individuals	O
or	O
political	O
parties	O
.	O


The	O
NSB	B-ORG
also	O
released	O
a	O
statement	O
stressing	O
that	O
the	O
information	O
it	O
collects	O
is	O
mostly	O
related	O
to	O
matters	O
that	O
affect	O
national	O
security	O
or	O
pose	O
a	O
potential	O
national	O
security	O
threat	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
accusation	O
that	O
the	O
NSB	B-ORG
carries	O
out	O
politically	O
motivated	O
surveillance	O
,	O
the	O
NSB	B-ORG
stated	O
that	O
"	O
gathering	O
intelligence	O
on	O
national	O
affairs	O
"	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
legally	O
defined	O
responsibilities	O
.	O


To	O
the	O
extent	O
that	O
its	O
investigations	O
focus	O
on	O
political	O
matters	O
,	O
what	O
the	O
NSB	B-ORG
is	O
concerned	O
about	O
is	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
performance	O
of	O
its	O
duties	O
,	O
maintenance	O
of	O
order	O
during	O
elections	O
,	O
and	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
.	O


The	O
NSB	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
never	O
carries	O
out	O
surveillance	O
of	O
individuals	O
.	O


These	O
statements	O
have	O
not	O
allayed	O
suspicions	O
,	O
however	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
actually	O
stirred	O
up	O
further	O
controversy	O
.	O


Drawing	O
on	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
White	O
Terror	O
,	O
"	O
which	O
refers	O
to	O
political	O
persecution	O
carried	O
out	O
by	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
government	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
38	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
of	O
martial	O
law	O
,	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
main	O
opposition	O
parties	O
in	O
the	O
legislature	O
have	O
criticized	O
the	O
new	O
administration	O
for	O
carrying	O
out	O
a	O
"	O
Green	O
Terror	O
"	O
campaign	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
green	O
color	O
of	O
the	O
DPP	B-ORG
flag	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


PFP	B-ORG
spokesman	O
Sun	B-PERSON
Ta	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
alleged	O
that	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
persons	O
have	O
been	O
targeted	O
for	O
special	O
attention	O
,	O
and	O
said	O
that	O
information	O
on	O
their	O
activities	O
is	O
delivered	O
to	O
the	O
president	O
in	O
a	O
report	O
nicknamed	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
National	I-WORK_OF_ART
Security	I-WORK_OF_ART
Daily	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
responded	O
publicly	O
to	O
the	O
charges	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
his	O
monthly	O
press	O
conference	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
16	I-DATE
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
denied	O
instructing	O
security	O
organs	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
surveillance	O
against	O
specific	O
individuals	O
,	O
and	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
never	O
seen	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
"	O
National	B-WORK_OF_ART
Security	I-WORK_OF_ART
Daily	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


He	O
further	O
indicated	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
instructed	O
all	O
security	O
organs	O
that	O
they	O
"	O
are	O
not	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
surveillance	O
against	O
specific	O
political	O
parties	O
or	O
individuals	O
.	O
"	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
president	O
,	O
these	O
organs	O
must	O
be	O
diligent	O
in	O
all	O
matters	O
related	O
to	O
national	O
security	O
,	O
economic	O
security	O
,	O
major	O
criminal	O
activity	O
,	O
maintenance	O
of	O
social	O
order	O
,	O
and	O
any	O
other	O
matters	O
that	O
fall	O
within	O
their	O
legal	O
jurisdiction	O
.	O


MJIB	B-ORG
director	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Kuang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yu	I-PERSON
assured	O
DPP	B-ORG
legislators	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
that	O
his	O
organization	O
will	O
redefine	O
its	O
mission	O
to	O
eliminate	O
the	O
category	O
of	O
"	O
intelligence	O
gathering	O
,	O
"	O
which	O
has	O
stirred	O
up	O
so	O
much	O
controversy	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
said	O
Wang	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
MJIB	B-ORG
will	O
concentrate	O
on	O
"	O
investigating	O
criminal	O
activities	O
and	O
countering	O
the	O
attempts	O
of	O
individuals	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
organizations	O
-RRB-	O
from	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
foreign	O
countries	O
to	O
infiltrate	O
or	O
spy	O
on	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O
"	O


Questions	O
concerning	O
the	O
proper	O
role	O
and	O
jurisdiction	O
of	O
the	O
MJIB	B-ORG
have	O
reopened	O
public	O
debate	O
on	O
political	O
surveillance	O
.	O


The	O
MJIB	B-ORG
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
both	O
political	O
intelligence	O
gathering	O
and	O
criminal	O
investigations	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
nominally	O
under	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
.	O


Its	O
work	O
overlaps	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
NSB	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
different	O
chains	O
of	O
command	O
inevitably	O
creates	O
problems	O
.	O


The	O
IRA	B-ORG
has	O
pointed	O
out	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
that	O
MJIB	B-ORG
investigators	O
often	O
receive	O
oral	O
instructions	O
from	O
the	O
NSB	O
to	O
collect	O
information	O
on	O
a	O
particular	O
political	O
party	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
repeatedly	O
calls	O
upon	O
the	O
MJIB	B-ORG
to	O
stop	O
doing	O
work	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
national	O
security	O
or	O
crime	O
prevention	O
,	O
and	O
demands	O
that	O
they	O
maintain	O
strict	O
political	O
neutrality	O
.	O


Investigators	O
complain	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
who	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
difficult	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
concentrate	O
on	O
their	O
work	O
and	O
play	O
their	O
proper	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
justice	O
system	O
.	O


The	O
intelligence	O
apparatus	O
is	O
supposedly	O
subject	O
to	O
supervision	O
by	O
the	O
legislature	O
,	O
which	O
wields	O
budgetary	O
authority	O
over	O
these	O
agencies	O
and	O
has	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
review	O
internal	O
administrative	O
documents	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
contain	O
classified	O
information	O
.	O


In	O
reality	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
intelligence	O
operations	O
are	O
extremely	O
secretive	O
,	O
and	O
legislators	O
can	O
do	O
little	O
to	O
hold	O
them	O
in	O
check	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
now	O
faces	O
two	B-CARDINAL
very	O
pressing	O
tasks	O
related	O
to	O
its	O
intelligence	O
operations	O
.	O


The	O
jurisdiction	O
of	O
the	O
MJIB	B-ORG
,	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
,	O
must	O
be	O
clarified	O
.	O


And	O
secondly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
our	O
domestic	O
intelligence	O
activities	O
must	O
be	O
subject	O
to	O
effective	O
oversight	O
so	O
that	O
no	O
government	O
of	O
any	O
stripe	O
will	O
ever	O
again	O
engage	O
in	O
repression	O
of	O
its	O
political	O
opponents	O
.	O


Lee	B-PERSON
Kuan	I-PERSON
Yew	I-PERSON
Visits	O
Taiwan	B-GPE


Senior	O
Minister	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Kuan	I-PERSON
Yew	I-PERSON
of	O
Singapore	B-GPE
came	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
on	O
September	B-DATE
23	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
though	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
publicly	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
his	O
visit	O
,	O
observers	O
everywhere	O
speculated	O
that	O
he	O
may	O
have	O
come	O
as	O
an	O
intermediary	O
between	O
Taipei	B-GPE
and	O
Beijing	B-GPE
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
Lee	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
dubbed	O
"	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
Godfather	O
,	O
"	O
played	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
in	O
bringing	O
about	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
round	O
of	O
talks	O
between	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
Koo	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fu	I-PERSON
and	O
Beijing	B-GPE
's	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Daohan	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
seen	O
whether	O
Lee	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
will	O
bring	O
any	O
change	O
in	O
sensitive	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
,	O
but	O
President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
revealed	O
after	O
Lee	B-PERSON
's	O
departure	O
that	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
guest	O
had	O
reached	O
three	B-CARDINAL
points	O
of	O
consensus	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
Singapore	B-GPE
-	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
free	O
-	O
trade	O
zone	O
.	O


Lee	B-PERSON
's	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
series	O
of	O
closed	O
-	O
door	O
meetings	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
came	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
26	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
met	O
twice	O
with	O
President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
and	O
had	O
numerous	O
contacts	O
with	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
other	O
leading	O
members	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
society	O
,	O
including	O
Tang	B-PERSON
Fei	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
premier	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Ing	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wen	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Mainland	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
[	O
MAC	B-ORG
]	O
chairwoman	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
MAC	B-ORG
vice	O
chairmen	O
,	O
Shi	B-PERSON
Huei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yow	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Straits	B-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
[	O
SEF	B-ORG
]	O
vice	O
chairman	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Chuang	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yao	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
National	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
[	O
NSC	B-ORG
]	O
secretary	O
-	O
general	O
,	O
Chiou	B-PERSON
I	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jen	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
SEF	B-ORG
deputy	O
secretary	O
-	O
general	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Yuan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tseh	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Presidential	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
inter-party	O
task	O
force	O
for	O
policy	O
coordination	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
Nita	B-PERSON
Ing	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
chairwoman	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-ORG
High	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Speed	I-ORG
Rail	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
.	O


Lee	B-PERSON
also	O
held	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
discussions	O
with	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
-LRB-	O
KMT	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
chairman	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
and	O
People	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
PFP	O
-RRB-	O
chairman	O
James	B-PERSON
Soong	I-PERSON
.	O


Although	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
saying	O
so	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
clear	O
that	O
Lee	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
focused	O
primarily	O
on	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
.	O


As	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
senior	O
politicians	O
in	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
region	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
has	O
had	O
close	O
ties	O
with	O
several	O
generations	O
of	O
leaders	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
,	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Kuan	I-PERSON
Yew	I-PERSON
maintains	O
a	O
special	O
status	O
in	O
both	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
news	O
media	O
have	O
even	O
taken	O
to	O
calling	O
him	O
a	O
cross-strait	O
mediator	O
.	O


Lee	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
his	O
whirlwind	O
visit	O
was	O
only	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
hand	O
feel	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
administration	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
was	O
never	O
a	O
cross-strait	O
mediator	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
stated	O
categorically	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
I	O
've	O
never	O
said	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
.	O
"	O


MAC	B-ORG
Vice	O
Chairman	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tung	I-PERSON
sounded	O
a	O
similar	O
note	O
during	O
interpellations	O
at	O
the	O
legislature	O
.	O


When	O
asked	O
whether	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Kuan	I-PERSON
Yew	I-PERSON
had	O
come	O
as	O
Beijing	B-GPE
's	O
emissary	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
"	O
I	O
can	O
guarantee	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
not	O
.	O
"	O


Tsai	B-PERSON
Ing	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wen	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
met	O
twice	O
with	O
Lee	B-PERSON
during	O
his	O
brief	O
stay	O
,	O
added	O
that	O
Lee	B-PERSON
has	O
considerable	O
political	O
stature	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
and	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
concern	O
about	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
and	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
policy	O
in	O
this	O
regard	O
is	O
helpful	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Beijing	B-GPE
has	O
also	O
commented	O
favorably	O
on	O
Lee	B-GPE
's	O
visit	O
.	O


PRC	B-GPE
Foreign	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
spokesman	O
Sun	B-PERSON
Yuxi	I-PERSON
stated	O
that	O
while	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
issue	O
is	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
internal	O
matter	O
,	O
it	O
welcomes	O
efforts	O
by	O
anyone	O
who	O
upholds	O
the	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
China	B-GPE
"	O
principle	O
to	O
bring	O
about	O
an	O
early	O
resolution	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
thus	O
appear	O
that	O
Lee	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
was	O
welcomed	O
by	O
leaders	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
,	O
but	O
in	O
fact	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
did	O
not	O
actually	O
share	O
a	O
common	O
view	O
on	O
the	O
matter	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
top	O
concern	O
was	O
peace	O
and	O
stability	O
,	O
while	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
continually	O
brought	O
up	O
the	O
theme	O
of	O
unification	O
.	O


Although	O
Lee	B-PERSON
's	O
trip	O
would	O
seem	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
shot	O
in	O
the	O
arm	O
for	O
the	O
deadlocked	O
cross-strait	O
relationship	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
generated	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
speculation	O
and	O
ill	O
will	O
because	O
neither	O
Lee	B-PERSON
nor	O
anyone	O
who	O
met	O
with	O
him	O
was	O
willing	O
to	O
say	O
a	O
word	O
about	O
the	O
content	O
of	O
their	O
discussions	O
,	O
and	O
ROC	B-GPE
officials	O
who	O
went	O
to	O
call	O
on	O
Lee	B-PERSON
at	O
his	O
hotel	O
skulked	O
around	O
in	O
underground	O
walkways	O
and	O
service	O
elevators	O
to	O
avoid	O
journalists	O
.	O


Lee	B-PERSON
's	O
stay	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
certainly	O
left	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
Ministry	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
MOFA	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
with	O
a	O
bad	O
taste	O
in	O
its	O
mouth	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
MOFA	B-ORG
was	O
not	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
visit	O
in	O
any	O
way	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
n't	O
even	O
aware	O
in	O
advance	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
works	O
.	O


That	O
seemed	O
quite	O
odd	O
,	O
considering	O
that	O
Lee	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
founding	O
father	O
of	O
Singapore	B-GPE
and	O
is	O
still	O
active	O
as	O
Senior	O
Minister	O
.	O


Many	O
commentators	O
blasted	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
visit	O
was	O
handled	O
,	O
and	O
legislators	O
described	O
the	O
affair	O
as	O
a	O
serious	O
breach	O
of	O
protocol	O
.	O


Foreign	O
Minister	O
Tien	B-PERSON
Hung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
mao	I-PERSON
was	O
quoted	O
as	O
saying	O
,	O
"	O
I	O
feel	O
a	O
bit	O
kicked	O
around	O
.	O
"	O


President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
broke	O
the	O
silence	O
after	O
Lee	B-PERSON
left	O
,	O
stating	O
at	O
a	O
function	O
in	O
honor	O
of	O
model	O
public	O
servants	O
that	O
he	O
and	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Kuan	I-PERSON
Yew	I-PERSON
had	O
reached	O
three	B-CARDINAL
agreements	O
,	O
namely	O
that	O
Singapore	B-GPE
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
should	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
1	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
sign	O
a	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
Singapore	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
Taiwan	I-LAW
Free	I-LAW
Trade	I-LAW
Zone	I-LAW
Agreement	I-LAW
"	O
;	O
-LRB-	O
2	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
lend	O
impetus	O
to	O
financial	O
cooperation	O
,	O
especially	O
a	O
possible	O
exchange	O
rate	O
agreement	O
;	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
3	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
effect	O
telecommunication	O
and	O
Internet	O
alliances	O
.	O


President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
further	O
stated	O
that	O
after	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
joins	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
WTO	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
Singapore	B-GPE
,	O
as	O
fellow	O
members	O
of	O
that	O
select	O
group	O
of	O
economic	O
overachievers	O
that	O
journalists	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
dub	O
"	O
the	O
Four	B-CARDINAL
Tigers	O
,	O
"	O
should	O
stop	O
viewing	O
each	O
other	O
as	O
competitors	O
and	O
move	O
toward	O
a	O
friendly	O
division	O
of	O
labor	O
.	O


President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
also	O
stressed	O
:	O
"	O
Senior	O
Minister	O
Lee	B-PERSON
is	O
not	O
a	O
mediator	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
not	O
pushing	O
any	O
particular	O
viewpoint	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
no	O
one	O
's	O
mouthpiece	O
.	O
"	O


Cross-strait	O
relations	O
,	O
said	O
Chen	B-PERSON
,	O
were	O
just	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
many	O
issues	O
that	O
he	O
discussed	O
with	O
Lee	B-PERSON
.	O


It	O
may	O
be	O
that	O
the	O
pursuit	O
of	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
get	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
onto	O
the	O
path	O
toward	O
a	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
cross-strait	O
stalemate	O
.	O


Separate	O
entry	O
into	O
the	O
WTO	B-ORG
by	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
may	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
opportunity	O
for	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
to	O
settle	O
upon	O
a	O
"	O
no	O
unification	O
,	O
no	O
independence	O
"	O
modus	O
vivendi	O
.	O


It	O
seems	O
apparent	O
that	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
only	O
place	O
where	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
traditional	O
industries	O
can	O
survive	O
.	O


Even	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
industries	O
are	O
slowly	O
making	O
their	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
.	O


Uncertainty	O
in	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
will	O
inevitably	O
hurt	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
.	O


Lee	B-PERSON
Kuan	I-PERSON
Yew	I-PERSON
describes	O
the	O
debate	O
between	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
China	B-GPE
"	O
versus	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
China	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
point	O
for	O
discussion	O
"	O
and	O
other	O
such	O
issues	O
as	O
mere	O
semantics	O
,	O
and	O
says	O
that	O
only	O
history	O
can	O
bring	O
the	O
cross-strait	O
issue	O
to	O
a	O
resolution	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
memoirs	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
published	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
Lee	B-PERSON
writes	O
:	O
"	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
can	O
reduce	O
friction	O
by	O
building	O
a	O
relationship	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
bit	O
more	O
acceptable	O
to	O
both	O
sides	O
.	O
"	O


We	O
ought	O
to	O
use	O
Lee	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
as	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
take	O
stock	O
of	O
our	O
current	O
situation	O
and	O
further	O
clarify	O
our	O
policy	O
vis	O
-	O
a	O
-	O
vis	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
thereby	O
bringing	O
about	O
an	O
improvement	O
in	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
.	O


Therein	O
lies	O
the	O
most	O
concrete	O
significance	O
of	O
Lee	B-PERSON
's	O
trip	O
.	O


New	O
Rules	O
for	O
Tech	O
Startups	O


-LRB-	O
Cyril	B-PERSON
Chiang	I-PERSON
/	O
graphics	O
by	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
pen	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Jonathan	B-PERSON
Barnard	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
the	O
Internet	O
has	O
helped	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
"	O
new	O
economy	O
"	O
that	O
has	O
both	O
created	O
technological	O
fortunes	O
and	O
rewritten	O
the	O
postulates	O
of	O
traditional	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


Microsoft	B-ORG
's	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Gates	I-PERSON
did	O
n't	O
make	O
his	O
money	O
out	O
of	O
land	O
or	O
gold	O
or	O
oil	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
make	O
it	O
from	O
machines	O
or	O
factory	O
goods	O
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
what	O
he	O
had	O
at	O
his	O
disposal	O
was	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
organizing	O
knowledge	O
.	O


Precisely	O
because	O
entrepreneurs	O
no	O
longer	O
need	O
land	O
or	O
financial	O
assets	O
,	O
the	O
bar	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
lower	O
for	O
what	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
successful	O
company	O
.	O


Yet	O
it	O
's	O
worth	O
noting	O
that	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
success	O
has	O
also	O
never	O
been	O
lower	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
investors	O
to	O
open	O
their	O
wallets	O
in	O
this	O
new	O
economic	O
age	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
handle	O
on	O
some	O
key	O
points	O
.	O


If	O
investors	O
'	O
eyes	O
have	O
n't	O
brightened	O
in	O
three	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
,	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
over	O
.	O


Those	O
hoping	O
to	O
build	O
up	O
a	O
new	O
company	O
have	O
got	O
to	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
capture	O
investors	O
'	O
attention	O
in	O
the	O
shortest	O
possible	O
time	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
to	O
say	O
?	O


How	O
should	O
you	O
say	O
it	O
?	O


The	O
following	O
13	B-CARDINAL
questions	O
are	O
what	O
investors	O
are	O
most	O
concerned	O
about	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
can	O
focus	O
on	O
these	O
13	B-CARDINAL
points	O
of	O
business	O
startup	O
logic	O
and	O
then	O
add	O
your	O
own	O
creative	O
vision	O
and	O
arguments	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
've	O
probably	O
taken	O
your	O
first	B-ORDINAL
step	O
to	O
success	O
!	O


Question	O
#	B-CARDINAL
1	I-CARDINAL
:	O
How	O
do	O
you	O
define	O
your	O
business	O
?	O


Successfully	O
defining	O
a	O
business	O
is	O
a	O
process	O
of	O
elimination	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
,	O
Intel	B-ORG
realized	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
no	O
longer	O
compete	O
with	O
Japanese	B-NORP
semiconductor	O
companies	O
in	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
memory	O
chips	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
left	O
that	O
market	O
,	O
believing	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
only	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
break	O
free	O
from	O
Japanese	B-NORP
competition	O
by	O
focusing	O
on	O
its	O
specialty	O
of	O
microprocessors	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
now	O
a	O
larger	O
company	O
many	O
times	O
over	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
story	O
of	O
how	O
"	O
loss	O
"	O
can	O
turn	O
into	O
"	O
gain	O
.	O
"	O


"	O
Elimination	O
"	O
suggests	O
paring	O
down	O
.	O


The	O
more	O
clearly	O
a	O
company	O
is	O
defined	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
limited	O
will	O
be	O
its	O
operational	O
scope	O
.	O


But	O
just	O
about	O
any	O
successful	O
company	O
has	O
a	O
clear	O
sense	O
of	O
its	O
limitations	O
,	O
because	O
otherwise	O
it	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
differentiate	O
itself	O
in	O
the	O
marketplace	O
and	O
reduce	O
its	O
vulnerablility	O
to	O
price	O
wars	O
.	O


Consequently	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
following	O
points	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
No	O
matter	O
how	O
complex	O
your	O
company	O
,	O
it	O
must	O
have	O
a	O
basic	O
conception	O
that	O
is	O
clear	O
and	O
easy	O
to	O
understand	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
The	O
company	O
's	O
definition	O
is	O
a	O
reflection	O
of	O
its	O
operational	O
strategies	O
.	O


3.	B-CARDINAL
An	O
unclear	O
company	O
definition	O
represents	O
unclear	O
operational	O
strategies	O
.	O


4.	B-CARDINAL
You	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
clearly	O
define	O
your	O
role	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
your	O
products	O
and	O
services	O
and	O
get	O
the	O
consumer	O
to	O
understand	O
what	O
makes	O
you	O
better	O
.	O


5.	B-CARDINAL
Differentiation	O
is	O
good	O
and	O
works	O
to	O
your	O
advantage	O
.	O


Question	O
2	B-CARDINAL
:	O
What	O
is	O
your	O
executive	O
summary	O
?	O


An	O
executive	O
summary	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
preface	O
to	O
an	O
investment	O
or	O
business	O
plan	O
.	O


It	O
needs	O
to	O
faithfully	O
reflect	O
the	O
special	O
qualities	O
and	O
values	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
plan	O
in	O
as	O
few	O
words	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


As	O
far	O
as	O
investors	O
are	O
concerned	O
,	O
a	O
clear	O
,	O
easy	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
read	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
page	O
summary	O
is	O
much	O
better	O
than	O
a	O
tedious	O
200	B-CARDINAL
-	O
page	O
plan	O
.	O


Steve	B-PERSON
Jurvetson	I-PERSON
,	O
managing	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
Silicon	B-LOC
Valley	I-LOC
venture	O
capital	O
firm	O
Draper	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Fisher	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Jurvetson	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
:	O
"	O
An	O
executive	O
summary	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
financial	O
contract	O
;	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
story	O
.	O


A	O
story	O
has	O
to	O
have	O
drama	O
and	O
flesh	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
blood	O
people	O
.	O


For	O
an	O
executive	O
summary	O
,	O
I	O
've	O
never	O
used	O
Excel	B-PRODUCT
,	O
and	O
I	O
've	O
never	O
talked	O
about	O
models	O
for	O
the	O
financial	O
structure	O
.	O


I	O
always	O
spend	O
my	O
time	O
thinking	O
about	O
how	O
big	O
a	O
story	O
it	O
could	O
become	O
.	O
"	O


Therefore	O
,	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
following	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
The	O
executive	O
summary	O
is	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
chance	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
get	O
investors	O
interested	O
in	O
investing	O
in	O
your	O
company	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
Focus	O
on	O
selling	O
your	O
plan	O
.	O


3.	B-CARDINAL
Get	O
right	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
think	O
of	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
literary	O
competition	O
.	O


4.	B-CARDINAL
In	O
an	O
orderly	O
fashion	O
,	O
describe	O
"	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
the	O
management	O
team	O
,	O
the	O
finances	O
and	O
the	O
technology	O
.	O
"	O


Question	O
#	B-CARDINAL
3	I-CARDINAL
:	O
What	O
's	O
the	O
justification	O
for	O
this	O
business	O
?	O


The	O
Japanese	B-NORP
management	O
guru	O
Matsushita	B-PERSON
Konosuke	I-PERSON
has	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
Do	O
n't	O
sell	O
customers	O
things	O
they	O
find	O
attractive	O
,	O
sell	O
them	O
things	O
they	O
find	O
useful	O
.	O
"	O


Investors	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
different	O
cards	O
they	O
can	O
play	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
know	O
why	O
your	O
business	O
plan	O
is	O
worth	O
pursuing	O
.	O


Why	O
now	O
?	O


Why	O
you	O
?	O


Consequently	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
consider	O
the	O
following	O
points	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
Why	O
should	O
this	O
be	O
done	O
?	O


Why	O
should	O
you	O
do	O
it	O
?	O


Why	O
now	O
?	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
The	O
dollar	O
sign	O
-LRB-	O
$	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
capitalism	O
's	O
lingua	O
franca	O
.	O


3.	B-CARDINAL
The	O
market	O
will	O
decide	O
whether	O
your	O
plan	O
is	O
justifiable	O
.	O


Question	O
#	B-CARDINAL
4	I-CARDINAL
:	O
How	O
much	O
risk	O
are	O
you	O
willing	O
to	O
take	O
on	O
?	O


Are	O
you	O
willing	O
to	O
risk	O
failure	O
?	O


When	O
you	O
try	O
to	O
get	O
people	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
venture	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
invariably	O
be	O
one	B-CARDINAL
question	O
that	O
each	O
and	O
every	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
potential	O
investors	O
will	O
have	O
in	O
mind	O
:	O


"	O
You	O
want	O
to	O
put	O
my	O
money	O
at	O
risk	O
,	O
but	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
risk	O
are	O
you	O
taking	O
?	O
"	O


Investors	O
hope	O
that	O
the	O
entrepreneur	O
is	O
taking	O
equal	O
risk	O
,	O
because	O
only	O
with	O
commensurate	O
risk	O
will	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
cooperate	O
unselfishly	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
entrepreneur	O
must	O
be	O
very	O
clear	O
about	O
the	O
risk	O
and	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
losing	O
the	O
investment	O
.	O


What	O
follows	O
are	O
the	O
values	O
of	O
a	O
Silicon	B-LOC
Valley	I-LOC
new	O
-	O
age	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
business	O
creator	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
A	O
failure	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
South	B-LOC
in	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
Civil	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
.	O


It	O
's	O
history	O
;	O
move	O
on	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
Those	O
who	O
have	O
experience	O
beat	O
those	O
who	O
lack	O
experience	O
,	O
and	O
failure	O
counts	O
as	O
experience	O
.	O


3.	B-CARDINAL
Your	O
past	O
failure	O
is	O
your	O
MBA	B-WORK_OF_ART
from	O
the	O
school	O
of	O
hard	O
knocks	O
.	O


4.	B-CARDINAL
Failure	O
is	O
not	O
rare	O
or	O
unusual	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
only	O
be	O
successful	O
by	O
continuing	O
to	O
try	O
.	O


You	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
careful	O
about	O
the	O
following	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
The	O
investor	O
and	O
entrepreneur	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
taking	O
similar	O
risks	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
to	O
cooperate	O
selflessly	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
Have	O
you	O
already	O
put	O
in	O
time	O
and	O
money	O
?	O


3.	B-CARDINAL
Are	O
you	O
willing	O
to	O
forgo	O
the	O
security	O
of	O
a	O
stable	O
job	O
and	O
income	O
?	O


4.	B-CARDINAL
You	O
can	O
not	O
pack	O
a	O
parachute	O
and	O
be	O
thinking	O
of	O
a	O
safe	O
way	O
to	O
bail	O
.	O


5.	B-CARDINAL
Having	O
failed	O
previously	O
with	O
startups	O
does	O
not	O
mean	O
a	O
person	O
is	O
a	O
loser	O
.	O


Question	O
#	B-CARDINAL
5	I-CARDINAL
:	O
What	O
are	O
your	O
company	O
goals	O
and	O
business	O
model	O
?	O


Morris	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-ORG
Semiconductor	I-ORG
,	O
believes	O
that	O
a	O
company	O
's	O
core	O
staff	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
page	O
.	O


They	O
should	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
vision	O
for	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
fit	O
into	O
its	O
corporate	O
culture	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
goals	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
pie	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
sky	O
dreams	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
company	O
has	O
got	O
to	O
crystallize	O
the	O
investors	O
'	O
and	O
staff	O
's	O
talents	O
and	O
energies	O
,	O
its	O
vision	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
attainable	O
.	O


Apart	O
from	O
having	O
a	O
vision	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
a	O
company	O
also	O
needs	O
a	O
business	O
model	O
.	O


The	O
business	O
model	O
is	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
plans	O
to	O
attain	O
its	O
goals	O
.	O


A	O
good	O
business	O
model	O
can	O
even	O
realize	O
visions	O
of	O
the	O
future	O
that	O
seem	O
impossible	O
.	O


Priceline.com	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
American	B-NORP
company	O
to	O
sell	O
airline	O
tickets	O
directly	O
over	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
surpassed	O
the	O
combined	O
market	O
capitalization	O
of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
largest	O
US	B-GPE
airlines	O
-LRB-	O
United	B-ORG
,	O
American	B-ORG
and	O
Delta	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
after	O
only	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
operations	O
.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
airlines	O
have	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
1,400	B-CARDINAL
jets	O
,	O
whereas	O
Priceline	B-ORG
only	O
has	O
computers	O
and	O
network	O
servers	O
.	O


The	O
key	O
to	O
its	O
success	O
was	O
its	O
business	O
plan	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
consider	O
the	O
following	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
How	O
do	O
you	O
outline	O
where	O
the	O
company	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
three	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
?	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
vision	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
How	O
do	O
you	O
realize	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
vision	O
?	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
business	O
model	O
.	O


3.	B-CARDINAL
The	O
company	O
's	O
vision	O
is	O
built	O
on	O
faith	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
requires	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
realization	O
.	O


4.	B-CARDINAL
Once	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
vision	O
is	O
defined	O
,	O
one	O
should	O
n't	O
change	O
it	O
lightly	O
.	O


The	O
business	O
model	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
can	O
be	O
constantly	O
adapted	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
circumstances	O
.	O


Question	O
#	B-CARDINAL
6	I-CARDINAL
:	O
How	O
do	O
you	O
present	O
your	O
technology	O
and	O
service	O
?	O


Introducing	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
technology	O
to	O
investors	O
is	O
something	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
founder	O
should	O
be	O
very	O
familiar	O
with	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
is	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
conflicting	O
feelings	O
.	O


How	O
should	O
a	O
founder	O
of	O
a	O
start	O
-	O
up	O
go	O
about	O
explaining	O
its	O
technology	O
so	O
that	O
investors	O
can	O
understand	O
it	O
without	O
getting	O
so	O
detailed	O
as	O
to	O
reveal	O
company	O
secrets	O
?	O


Here	O
are	O
some	O
recommendations	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
You	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
both	O
to	O
describe	O
your	O
innovation	O
and	O
protect	O
your	O
own	O
intellectual	O
property	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
Do	O
n't	O
request	O
a	O
non-disclosure	O
agreement	O
,	O
because	O
this	O
is	O
unprofessional	O
.	O


3.	B-CARDINAL
Investors	O
are	O
not	O
intent	O
on	O
stealing	O
your	O
ideas	O
.	O


Instead	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
justify	O
them	O
.	O


Question	O
#	B-CARDINAL
7	I-CARDINAL
:	O
What	O
sort	O
of	O
problems	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
solve	O
?	O


What	O
problems	O
is	O
your	O
company	O
plan	O
trying	O
to	O
solve	O
?	O


If	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
answer	O
this	O
clearly	O
,	O
then	O
maybe	O
you	O
should	O
be	O
worrying	O
about	O
your	O
future	O
.	O


Taiwanese	B-NORP
entrepreneurs	O
are	O
facing	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
having	O
an	O
incomplete	O
chain	O
of	O
value	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
their	O
customers	O
handling	O
the	O
activities	O
with	O
the	O
greatest	O
added	O
value	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
,	O
not	O
its	O
cause	O
!	O


The	O
real	O
problem	O
is	O
that	O
entrepreneurs	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
do	O
not	O
make	O
clear	O
enough	O
definitions	O
when	O
trying	O
to	O
resolve	O
a	O
problem	O
,	O
or	O
they	O
narrowly	O
look	O
at	O
"	O
manufacturing	O
"	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
solving	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


Raising	O
one	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
innovate	O
means	O
raising	O
one	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
solve	O
problems	O
.	O


This	O
leads	O
us	O
to	O
the	O
following	O
conclusions	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
Finding	O
a	O
solution	O
is	O
finding	O
a	O
profitable	O
market	O
base	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
You	O
can	O
only	O
solve	O
the	O
problem	O
by	O
finding	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


3.	B-CARDINAL
Put	O
your	O
energies	O
into	O
solving	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
problems	O
.	O


4.	B-CARDINAL
The	O
problems	O
created	O
by	O
your	O
actions	O
should	O
not	O
exceed	O
the	O
problems	O
solved	O
.	O


Question	O
#	B-CARDINAL
8	I-CARDINAL
:	O
Is	O
the	O
team	O
complete	O
?	O


Who	O
is	O
missing	O
?	O


Founders	O
of	O
startups	O
will	O
always	O
build	O
their	O
own	O
management	O
team	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
almost	O
always	O
start	O
with	O
people	O
around	O
them	O
and	O
then	O
move	O
on	O
to	O
attract	O
personnel	O
from	O
outside	O
.	O


This	O
creates	O
a	O
blind	O
spot	O
in	O
the	O
structure	O
,	O
with	O
like	O
-	O
minded	O
people	O
grouped	O
together	O
.	O


Investors	O
like	O
to	O
hear	O
entrepreneurs	O
say	O
that	O
their	O
teams	O
are	O
incomplete	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
shows	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
practical	O
mentality	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
aware	O
of	O
and	O
willing	O
to	O
face	O
their	O
own	O
shortcomings	O
.	O


Good	O
investors	O
ought	O
to	O
maintain	O
a	O
mutually	O
supportive	O
relationship	O
with	O
the	O
management	O
team	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
investors	O
are	O
certainly	O
not	O
just	O
the	O
management	O
team	O
's	O
rubber	O
stamp	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
start	O
-	O
up	O
founder	O
,	O
you	O
ought	O
to	O
clearly	O
understand	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
providing	O
your	O
knowledge	O
and	O
youth	O
and	O
the	O
investors	O
are	O
providing	O
their	O
money	O
.	O


The	O
investors	O
have	O
no	O
reason	O
to	O
want	O
to	O
handicap	O
the	O
entrepreneur	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
there	O
should	O
be	O
a	O
supportive	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
investors	O
and	O
the	O
management	O
team	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
an	O
obstructive	O
one	O
.	O


We	O
urge	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
creating	O
a	O
startup	O
to	O
understand	O
where	O
you	O
come	O
up	O
short	O
and	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
ask	O
for	O
help	O
.	O


Question	O
#	B-CARDINAL
9	I-CARDINAL
:	O
Where	O
are	O
your	O
customers	O
?	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
get	O
hold	O
of	O
them	O
?	O


To	O
answer	O
this	O
question	O
,	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
your	O
"	O
market	O
segment	O
.	O
"	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
you	O
should	O
analyze	O
why	O
customers	O
in	O
your	O
market	O
segment	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
do	O
business	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
've	O
also	O
got	O
to	O
consider	O
how	O
to	O
prevent	O
competitors	O
from	O
taking	O
customers	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
market	O
segment	O
or	O
how	O
to	O
effectively	O
create	O
entry	O
barriers	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
maintain	O
a	O
competitive	O
advantage	O
for	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


A	O
price	O
war	O
is	O
the	O
simplest	O
strategy	O
,	O
but	O
consequently	O
its	O
effects	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
limited	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
instead	O
consider	O
how	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
slippery	O
slope	O
of	O
price	O
wars	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
find	O
that	O
major	O
changes	O
in	O
your	O
sector	O
are	O
usually	O
coming	O
from	O
other	O
people	O
's	O
customers	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
realize	O
that	O
they	O
probably	O
are	O
n't	O
your	O
customers	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
your	O
products	O
or	O
can	O
get	O
something	O
better	O
.	O


To	O
figure	O
out	O
why	O
,	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
remind	O
yourself	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
following	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
Focus	O
your	O
attention	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
segment	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
A	O
good	O
product	O
or	O
service	O
will	O
actively	O
create	O
a	O
market	O
segment	O
and	O
find	O
customers	O
that	O
did	O
n't	O
previously	O
exist	O
.	O


3.	B-CARDINAL
Of	O
course	O
,	O
any	O
customer	O
of	O
yours	O
sees	O
some	O
value	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


How	O
they	O
value	O
you	O
determines	O
their	O
expectations	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


4.	B-CARDINAL
Do	O
n't	O
forget	O
about	O
"	O
non-customers	O
.	O
"	O


Do	O
n't	O
fall	O
into	O
the	O
trap	O
of	O
thinking	O
that	O
you	O
understand	O
everything	O
about	O
the	O
industry	O
.	O


Question	O
#	B-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
:	O
Where	O
are	O
your	O
competitors	O
?	O


Please	O
do	O
n't	O
say	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
no	O
competitors	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
you	O
have	O
no	O
competitors	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
them	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
really	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
weighty	O
competitors	O
,	O
then	O
your	O
competitor	O
is	O
yourself	O
.	O


Entry	O
barriers	O
and	O
exit	O
barriers	O
have	O
opposite	O
effects	O
.	O


The	O
former	O
determines	O
if	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
swarm	O
of	O
competitors	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
If	O
entry	O
barriers	O
are	O
low	O
,	O
anyone	O
can	O
compete	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
latter	O
determines	O
whether	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
detrimental	O
competition	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
If	O
exit	O
barriers	O
are	O
high	O
,	O
competitors	O
will	O
fight	O
to	O
the	O
last	O
penny	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
maintain	O
core	O
compet	O
-	O
itiveness	O
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
thing	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
to	O
eliminate	O
business	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
relate	O
to	O
your	O
core	O
competencies	O
.	O


Furthermore	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
put	O
the	O
emphasis	O
on	O
innovation	O
and	O
strategic	O
management	O
.	O


Please	O
remember	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
When	O
you	O
analyze	O
entry	O
barriers	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
also	O
analyze	O
exit	O
barriers	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
You	O
should	O
focus	O
on	O
your	O
"	O
core	O
competencies	O
.	O
"	O


3.	B-CARDINAL
You	O
should	O
use	O
core	O
personnel	O
,	O
develop	O
core	O
technology	O
and	O
attain	O
core	O
goals	O
.	O


Question	O
#	B-CARDINAL
11	I-CARDINAL
:	O
What	O
is	O
your	O
market	O
share	O
?	O


In	O
America	B-GPE
telephones	O
reached	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
households	O
in	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
whereas	O
it	O
only	O
took	O
video	O
recorders	O
18	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
do	O
the	O
same	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
new	O
technological	O
products	O
and	O
services	O
are	O
unlikely	O
even	O
to	O
be	O
around	O
that	O
long	O
.	O


If	O
technological	O
entrepreneurs	O
do	O
not	O
move	O
forward	O
,	O
they	O
fall	O
behind	O
.	O


Developing	O
the	O
company	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
extremely	O
fast	O
at	O
that	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
a	O
road	O
that	O
must	O
be	O
taken	O
,	O
and	O
market	O
share	O
is	O
an	O
indication	O
of	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
development	O
.	O


The	O
"	O
killer	O
"	O
strategy	O
must	O
combine	O
"	O
quickly	O
changing	O
the	O
rules	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
"	O
with	O
management	O
thinking	O
that	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
"	O
willingness	O
to	O
take	O
risks	O
,	O
"	O
"	O
unconventionality	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
a	O
determination	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
standard	O
.	O
"	O


Your	O
determination	O
as	O
the	O
founder	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
is	O
all	O
-	O
important	O
.	O


You	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
following	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
How	O
should	O
your	O
company	O
prepare	O
to	O
develop	O
quickly	O
?	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
Not	O
only	O
must	O
you	O
advance	O
technologically	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
to	O
fall	O
behind	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
must	O
also	O
develop	O
quickly	O
.	O


3.	B-CARDINAL
There	O
is	O
a	O
fine	O
line	O
between	O
ambition	O
and	O
wishful	O
thinking	O
.	O


4.	B-CARDINAL
The	O
underlying	O
logic	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
the	O
results	O
.	O


Question	O
#	B-CARDINAL
12	I-CARDINAL
:	O
When	O
will	O
you	O
break	O
even	O
?	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
read	O
financial	O
clues	O
?	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
transform	O
your	O
company	O
?	O


In	O
the	O
Internet	O
economy	O
,	O
companies	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
among	O
the	O
leaders	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
rough	O
go	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
merging	O
-LRB-	O
or	O
being	O
acquired	O
-RRB-	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
price	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
staying	O
in	O
business	O
forever	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
prepare	O
for	O
a	O
merger	O
at	O
any	O
moment	O
,	O
financial	O
officers	O
must	O
get	O
used	O
to	O
the	O
idea	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
company	O
itself	O
is	O
its	O
our	O
biggest	O
product	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
financial	O
officers	O
focused	O
on	O
cost	O
management	O
,	O
cash	O
flow	O
,	O
capital	O
movement	O
and	O
risk	O
avoidance	O
.	O


From	O
now	O
on	O
,	O
looking	O
at	O
these	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
enough	O
,	O
and	O
financial	O
officers	O
ought	O
to	O
turn	O
their	O
attention	O
to	O
mergers	O
and	O
raising	O
capital	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
raise	O
capital	O
,	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
explain	O
how	O
it	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
pursue	O
acquisitions	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
evaluate	O
assets	O
.	O


Traditionally	O
you	O
raised	O
capital	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
expand	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
your	O
business	O
.	O


Internet	O
companies	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
raise	O
capital	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
before	O
acquiring	O
or	O
being	O
acquired	O
.	O


Value	O
in	O
the	O
Internet	O
economy	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
business	O
model	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
very	O
possible	O
that	O
the	O
a	O
company	O
will	O
lack	O
tangible	O
assets	O
upon	O
which	O
to	O
evaluate	O
worth	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
"	O
reading	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
plan	O
"	O
has	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
place	O
of	O
the	O
traditional	O
work	O
of	O
checking	O
the	O
books	O
.	O


The	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
model	O
is	O
in	O
looking	O
toward	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
present	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
most	O
mergers	O
take	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
stock	O
swaps	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
preserve	O
cash	O
reserves	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
obtain	O
the	O
best	O
rate	O
of	O
exchange	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
be	O
traded	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


With	O
this	O
lack	O
of	O
clarity	O
,	O
"	O
breaking	O
even	O
"	O
becomes	O
the	O
ultimate	O
financial	O
indicator	O
.	O


This	O
series	O
of	O
changes	O
has	O
had	O
a	O
huge	O
impact	O
on	O
financial	O
officers	O
.	O


The	O
founder	O
of	O
a	O
startup	O
must	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
Pay	O
attention	O
to	O
cash	O
and	O
cash	O
flow	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
Forget	O
about	O
staying	O
in	O
business	O
forever	O
.	O


Be	O
prepared	O
at	O
all	O
times	O
to	O
sell	O
the	O
company	O
for	O
the	O
highest	O
profit	O
.	O


Question	O
#	B-CARDINAL
13	I-CARDINAL
:	O
How	O
should	O
a	O
startup	O
entrepreneur	O
handle	O
communications	O
and	O
the	O
media	O
?	O


Communication	O
and	O
media	O
skills	O
are	O
certainly	O
no	O
less	O
important	O
than	O
technology	O
for	O
a	O
startup	O
company	O
.	O


The	O
professional	O
managers	O
of	O
listed	O
companies	O
frequently	O
come	O
face	O
to	O
face	O
with	O
non-professionals	O
.	O


Speaking	O
to	O
the	O
media	O
is	O
just	O
one	B-CARDINAL
example	O
.	O


With	O
regard	O
to	O
communication	O
and	O
the	O
media	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
things	O
to	O
do	O
are	O
to	O
simplify	O
and	O
speak	O
in	O
language	O
that	O
your	O
listeners	O
will	O
understand	O
.	O


Excellent	O
communicators	O
first	O
of	O
all	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
"	O
listen	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
secondly	O
can	O
think	O
logically	O
and	O
learn	O
quickly	O
.	O


You	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
take	O
an	O
open	O
and	O
objective	O
attitude	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
background	O
of	O
a	O
question	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
respond	O
by	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
questioner	O
's	O
needs	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
never	O
force	O
others	O
to	O
dance	O
at	O
your	O
expert	O
pace	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
overestimate	O
your	O
listeners	O
'	O
specialized	O
knowledge	O
,	O
but	O
do	O
n't	O
underestimate	O
their	O
general	O
intelligence	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
very	O
beginning	O
,	O
founders	O
of	O
startups	O
have	O
got	O
to	O
get	O
into	O
the	O
habit	O
of	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
Cultivating	O
explanation	O
skills	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
explain	O
specialized	O
knowledge	O
to	O
non-specialists	O
and	O
they	O
can	O
get	O
the	O
gist	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
Practicing	O
how	O
best	O
to	O
communicate	O
.	O


Citing	O
a	O
good	O
example	O
is	O
usually	O
the	O
best	O
way	O
to	O
explain	O
something	O
.	O


Guy	B-PERSON
Kawasaki	I-PERSON
,	O
founder	O
of	O
Garage.com	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
largest	O
US	B-GPE
company	O
focusing	O
on	O
attracting	O
venture	O
capital	O
for	O
startups	O
,	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
famous	O
in	O
Silicon	B-LOC
Valley	I-LOC
for	O
his	O
entrepreneurial	O
enthusiasm	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
speech	O
he	O
delivered	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
in	O
May	B-DATE
he	O
outlined	O
the	O
main	O
points	O
in	O
his	O
vision	O
of	O
new	O
-	O
age	O
entre	O
-	O
preneurialism	O
:	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
19th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
companies	O
in	O
the	O
ice	O
business	O
would	O
send	O
people	O
to	O
frozen	O
lakes	O
or	O
rivers	O
to	O
saw	O
up	O
the	O
ice	O
.	O


These	O
companies	O
were	O
replaced	O
by	O
ice	O
making	O
factories	O
.	O


Then	O
refrigerators	O
replaced	O
ice	O
factories	O
.	O


If	O
these	O
businessmen	O
had	O
embraced	O
change	O
instead	O
of	O
resisting	O
it	O
,	O
they	O
would	O
have	O
had	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
move	O
into	O
a	O
new	O
technological	O
field	O
-	O
rather	O
than	O
just	O
watching	O
helplessly	O
as	O
others	O
took	O
over	O
what	O
was	O
once	O
their	O
domain	O
.	O


Change	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
constant	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
success	O
!	O


Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
:	I-GPE


Sweating	O
in	O
the	O
Spotlight	O


Recently	O
the	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
Department	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Urban	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
announced	O
their	O
idea	O
for	O
a	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Taipei	I-WORK_OF_ART
Citizen	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Passport	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


Who	O
is	O
their	O
idea	O
of	O
a	O
typical	O
Taipei	B-GPE
Citizen	O
?	O


The	O
answer	O
is	O
an	O
environmentally	O
conscious	O
,	O
culture	O
-	O
loving	O
person	O
who	O
has	O
a	O
soft	O
spot	O
in	O
their	O
heart	O
for	O
good	O
causes	O
-	O
someone	O
who	O
reads	O
several	O
books	O
a	O
month	O
,	O
recycles	O
,	O
takes	O
mass	O
transit	O
,	O
donates	O
blood	O
,	O
does	O
volunteer	O
work	O
,	O
plants	O
flowers	O
on	O
their	O
balcony	O
and	O
cleans	O
their	O
building	O
's	O
exterior	O
walls	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
who	O
!	O


This	O
"	O
passport	O
,	O
"	O
with	O
its	O
middle	O
-	O
class	O
and	O
decidedly	O
Western	B-LOC
sensibility	O
,	O
is	O
just	O
one	B-CARDINAL
example	O
of	O
how	O
Taipei	B-GPE
differs	O
from	O
other	O
places	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Not	O
long	O
after	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
ascended	O
to	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
presidency	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
President	I-ORG
began	O
to	O
come	O
into	O
sharp	O
conflict	O
with	O
Taipei	B-FAC
City	I-FAC
Hall	I-FAC
.	O


They	O
clashed	O
over	O
whether	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
domed	O
stadium	O
,	O
over	O
how	O
to	O
allocate	O
government	O
funds	O
,	O
over	O
which	O
romanization	O
system	O
should	O
be	O
employed	O
to	O
transcribe	O
Chinese	B-NORP
characters	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
over	O
whether	O
the	O
mayor	O
was	O
showing	O
the	O
president	O
proper	O
respect	O
.	O


These	O
conflicts	O
have	O
caused	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
to	O
become	O
isolated	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
other	O
cities	O
and	O
counties	O
.	O


What	O
exactly	O
is	O
at	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
these	O
disputes	O
?	O


Is	O
there	O
a	O
north	O
-	O
south	O
divide	O
between	O
Taipei	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
other	O
counties	O
and	O
cities	O
?	O


And	O
are	O
the	O
calls	O
of	O
"	O
Taipei	B-GPE
first	B-ORDINAL
"	O
and	O
of	O
"	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
first	B-ORDINAL
"	O
mutually	O
reinforcing	O
or	O
mutually	O
exclusive	O
?	O


Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
wealth	O
and	O
high	O
status	O
as	O
the	O
capital	O
have	O
long	O
been	O
a	O
sore	O
spot	O
with	O
many	O
people	O
living	O
elsewhere	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Some	O
argue	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
ought	O
to	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
four	B-CARDINAL
counties	O
by	O
the	B-LOC
Chuoshui	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
and	O
the	B-LOC
Central	I-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
Range	I-LOC
,	O
with	O
financial	O
resources	O
being	O
equitably	O
divided	O
to	O
create	O
uniform	O
levels	O
of	O
development	O
in	O
each	O
.	O


Others	O
question	O
whether	O
the	O
central	O
government	O
should	O
be	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
northern	O
tip	O
of	O
the	O
island	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
difficult	O
to	O
reach	O
for	O
civil	O
servants	O
and	O
regular	O
citizens	O
alike	O
.	O


Why	O
not	O
instead	O
move	O
the	O
capital	O
to	O
Taichung	B-GPE
,	O
they	O
suggest	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
provincial	O
government	O
was	O
largely	O
disbanded	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
21	B-CARDINAL
counties	O
and	O
cities	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
been	O
directly	O
under	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
central	O
government	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
election	O
of	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
is	O
now	O
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Progressive	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
DPP	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
,	O
as	O
are	O
many	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
other	O
cities	O
and	O
counties	O
,	O
including	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
like	O
Taipei	B-GPE
enjoys	O
special	O
status	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
self	O
-	O
governing	O
municipality	O
.	O
"	O


Whereas	O
the	O
south	O
was	O
Chen	B-PERSON
's	O
principal	O
source	O
of	O
votes	O
,	O
the	O
blue	O
of	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
holds	O
sway	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
making	O
the	O
city	O
a	O
thorn	O
in	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
ruling	O
DPP	B-ORG
and	O
threatening	O
its	O
privileged	O
position	O
.	O


In	O
July	B-DATE
the	O
city	O
and	O
the	O
central	O
government	O
quarreled	O
over	O
how	O
much	O
money	O
the	O
city	O
would	O
be	O
allotted	O
in	O
the	O
national	O
budget	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
share	O
was	O
cut	O
by	O
NT$	B-MONEY
6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Then	O
in	O
October	B-DATE
the	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
lowered	O
the	O
population	O
requirement	O
for	O
self	O
-	O
governing	O
status	O
,	O
and	O
Taichung	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
joined	O
Taipei	B-GPE
and	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
special	O
self	O
-	O
administered	O
municipality	O
.	O


Various	O
other	O
large	O
cities	O
and	O
counties	O
also	O
hope	O
to	O
achieve	O
this	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
enjoy	O
the	O
same	O
status	O
as	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
goose	O
that	O
lays	O
the	O
golden	O
eggs	O


Is	O
Taipei	B-GPE
really	O
specially	O
blessed	O
?	O


Why	O
is	O
it	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
so	O
much	O
attention	O
,	O
of	O
so	O
much	O
envy	O
and	O
jealousy	O
?	O


Perhaps	O
the	O
following	O
figures	O
can	O
help	O
shed	O
some	O
light	O
on	O
this	O
matter	O
:	O


The	B-LOC
Taipei	I-LOC
Basin	I-LOC
holds	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
island	O
's	O
population	O
on	O
only	O
0.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
land	O
,	O
yet	O
it	O
has	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
sixth	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
high	O
schools	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
universities	O
,	O
and	O
54	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
cultural	O
activities	O
.	O


At	B-PERCENT
least	I-PERCENT
75	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
all	O
medium	O
and	O
large	O
international	O
conferences	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
are	O
held	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


More	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
90	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
multinationals	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
their	O
headquarters	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


And	O
among	O
the	O
100	B-CARDINAL
largest	O
domestic	O
companies	O
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
70	I-CARDINAL
are	O
registered	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
and	O
pay	O
their	O
business	O
taxes	O
there	O
.	O


Of	O
the	O
remaining	O
,	O
10	O
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
Hsinchu	I-FAC
Science	I-FAC
Park	I-FAC
.	O


Whereas	O
numerous	O
factories	O
are	O
spread	O
throughout	O
central	O
and	O
southern	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
most	O
are	O
just	O
producing	O
for	O
somewhere	O
else	O
.	O


For	O
these	O
areas	O
,	O
a	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
expression	O
captures	O
the	O
situation	O
pretty	O
well	O
:	O


"	O
The	O
hens	O
produce	O
droppings	O
but	O
lay	O
no	O
eggs	O
.	O
"	O


As	O
far	O
as	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
government	O
largess	O
is	O
concerned	O
,	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
government	O
expenditures	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
ran	O
to	O
about	B-MONEY
NT$	I-MONEY
176	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-	O


that	O
's	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
more	O
than	O
in	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
and	O
more	O
than	O
in	O
Taichung	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
Miaoli	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
Taichung	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
Changhua	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
Nantou	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
and	O
Yunlin	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
combined	O
.	O


Those	O
six	B-CARDINAL
localities	O
only	O
received	O
NT$	B-MONEY
120	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
total	O
.	O


If	O
expenditures	O
were	O
divided	O
evenly	O
among	O
all	O
the	O
residents	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
each	O
would	O
receive	O
NT$	B-MONEY
68,000	I-MONEY
,	O
far	O
above	O
the	O
NT$	B-MONEY
42,000	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
residents	O
of	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
NT$	B-MONEY
25,000	I-MONEY
for	O
residents	O
of	O
Tainan	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
or	O
the	O
NT$	B-MONEY
17,000	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
residents	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
.	O


In	O
light	O
of	O
this	O
discrepancy	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
no	O
wonder	O
that	O
the	O
other	O
counties	O
and	O
cities	O
angrily	O
look	O
upon	O
the	O
residents	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
as	O
"	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
class	O
citizens	O
"	O
who	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
lap	O
of	O
luxury	O
,	O
while	O
taking	O
everyone	O
else	O
for	O
a	O
ride	O
.	O


These	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
class	O
citizens	O
really	O
do	O
run	O
through	O
money	O
like	O
water	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
how	O
,	O
you	O
could	O
start	O
with	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
Mass	B-FAC
Rapid	I-FAC
Transit	I-FAC
-LRB-	O
MRT	B-FAC
-RRB-	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
most	O
expensive	O
at	O
NT$	B-MONEY
440	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
;	O
the	B-FAC
Kuandu	I-FAC
Nature	I-FAC
Reserve	I-FAC
,	O
for	O
which	O
Japanese	B-NORP
experts	O
were	O
hired	O
to	O
perform	O
wetlands	O
restoration	O
to	O
the	O
tune	O
of	O
NT$	B-MONEY
14	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
;	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
Gate	I-LOC
District	I-LOC
reconstruction	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
the	O
building	O
of	O
the	O
MRT	B-FAC
there	O
,	O
which	O
came	O
to	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
NT$	I-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
;	O
the	B-FAC
Mucha	I-FAC
Zoo	I-FAC
,	O
which	O
has	O
consumed	O
NT$	B-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
since	O
it	O
was	O
built	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
;	O
or	O
the	O
building	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Taipei	I-FAC
Financial	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
,	O
which	O
will	O
stand	O
101	B-CARDINAL
stories	O
high	O
,	O
serve	O
as	O
an	O
Asian	B-NORP
landmark	O
,	O
and	O
cost	O
the	O
city	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
NT$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
heads	O
,	O
north	O
and	O
south	O


This	O
easy	O
-	O
come	O
,	O
easy	O
-	O
go	O
attitude	O
toward	O
money	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
a	O
characteristic	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


Ever	O
since	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Mingchuan	I-PERSON
founded	O
Taipei	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
Qing	I-DATE
dynasty	I-DATE
,	O
rule	O
over	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
switched	O
from	O
nation	O
to	O
nation	O
.	O


Yet	O
no	O
matter	O
who	O
was	O
in	O
control	O
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
has	O
not	O
been	O
shaken	O
from	O
its	O
position	O
as	O
the	O
island	O
's	O
center	O
of	O
government	O
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
"	O
It	O
has	O
only	O
been	O
ten	B-DATE
some	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
that	O
Taipei	B-GPE
has	O
really	O
left	O
the	O
others	O
in	O
the	O
dust	O
,	O
"	O
argues	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Chu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
joe	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
professor	O
at	O
NTU	B-ORG
's	O
Graduate	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Building	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
.	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
although	O
the	B-FAC
Governor	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
General	I-FAC
's	I-FAC
Residence	I-FAC
was	O
located	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
during	O
Japanese	B-NORP
rule	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
agricultural	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
of	O
that	O
period	O
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
colonial	O
administration	O
was	O
concerned	O
about	O
rice	O
and	O
sugar	O
production	O
over	O
the	O
entire	O
Western	B-LOC
Plain	I-LOC
and	O
treated	O
all	O
the	O
cities	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
era	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
began	O
to	O
put	O
even	O
more	O
emphasis	O
on	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
base	O
for	O
its	O
advances	O
into	O
the	B-LOC
South	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
.	O


This	O
gave	O
the	O
impetus	O
for	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
later	O
developing	O
into	O
an	O
"	O
industrial	O
port	O
city	O
.	O
"	O


When	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
took	O
over	O
,	O
government	O
power	O
returned	O
to	O
the	B-FAC
Governor	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
General	I-FAC
's	I-FAC
Residence	I-FAC
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
became	O
the	B-FAC
Presidential	I-FAC
Palace	I-FAC
.	O


Although	O
Taipei	B-GPE
remained	O
the	O
political	O
and	O
economic	O
center	O
,	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
remained	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
center	O
of	O
heavy	O
industry	O
.	O


Export	O
processing	O
zones	O
established	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1960s	I-DATE
in	O
Nantzu	B-GPE
and	O
Chienchen	B-GPE
attracted	O
people	O
from	O
all	O
over	O
southern	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
,	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
era	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
Ten	I-DATE
Construction	I-DATE
Projects	I-DATE
,	O
both	O
China	B-ORG
Shipbuilding	I-ORG
and	O
China	B-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
chose	O
to	O
locate	O
in	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
one	B-CARDINAL
point	O
,	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
port	O
was	O
the	O
busiest	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
sent	O
products	O
"	O
Made	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
"	O
across	O
the	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
seas	O
.	O


It	O
thus	O
made	O
a	O
pivotal	O
contribution	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
economic	O
miracle	O
.	O
"	O


With	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
industry	O
in	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
agricultural	O
counties	O
of	O
central	O
and	O
southern	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
began	O
to	O
lag	O
behind	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
least	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
minimal	O
kind	O
of	O
balance	O
on	O
the	O
island	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
with	O
"	O
two	B-CARDINAL
heads	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
north	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
south	O
.	O
"	O


And	O
to	O
some	O
degree	O
the	O
provincial	O
government	O
's	O
location	O
in	O
Nantou	B-GPE
-	O
and	O
the	O
resulting	O
stream	O
of	O
visiting	O
city	O
and	O
county	O
bureaucrats	O
-	O
meant	O
that	O
central	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
was	O
n't	O
all	O
that	O
forlorn	O
.	O


Taichung	B-GPE
and	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
step	O
out	O
!	O


Well	O
then	O
,	O
when	O
did	O
Taipei	B-GPE
really	O
start	O
to	O
pull	O
ahead	O
?	O


And	O
why	O
?	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
joe	I-PERSON
explains	O
that	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
were	O
an	O
important	O
turning	O
point	O
.	O


The	O
rapid	O
appreciation	O
of	O
the	O
NT	O
dollar	O
necessitated	O
a	O
shift	O
from	O
the	O
labor	O
-	O
intensive	O
production	O
on	O
which	O
the	O
island	O
had	O
depended	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
and	O
Western	B-NORP
manufacturers	O
left	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
companies	O
began	O
to	O
pull	O
up	O
their	O
stakes	O
and	O
move	O
their	O
factories	O
to	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
and	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
growing	O
environmental	O
consciousness	O
that	O
led	O
the	O
residents	O
of	O
central	O
and	O
southern	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
start	O
opposing	O
industrial	O
projects	O
.	O


Ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
the	O
town	O
of	O
Lukang	B-GPE
in	O
Changhua	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
told	O
Du	B-ORG
Pont	I-ORG
to	O
look	O
elsewhere	O
,	O
and	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
Taichung	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
refused	O
to	O
allow	O
Bayer	B-ORG
to	O
build	O
a	O
plant	O
there	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
other	O
multinationals	O
planning	O
major	O
investment	O
projects	O
stopped	O
even	O
considering	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O
"	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
what	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
people	O
want	O
most	O
of	O
all	O
is	O
the	O
'	O
three	B-CARDINAL
direct	O
links	O
'	O
with	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
"	O
says	O
Huang	B-PERSON
Jung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
feng	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
director	O
-	O
general	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
Department	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Reconstruction	I-ORG
,	O
who	O
worked	O
for	O
the	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
government	O
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


"	O
With	O
regularly	O
scheduled	O
flights	O
,	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
could	O
turn	O
itself	O
into	O
an	O
international	O
port	O
led	O
by	O
its	O
service	O
industries	O
.	O
"	O


Likewise	O
,	O
Lai	B-PERSON
Cheng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
i	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
Province	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Real	I-ORG
Estate	I-ORG
Investors	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
headquartered	O
in	O
Central	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
,	O
recalls	O
that	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
the	O
Taichung	B-GPE
city	I-GPE
government	O
drew	O
up	O
a	O
new	O
plan	O
for	O
the	O
city	O
that	O
called	O
for	O
straight	O
,	O
broad	O
avenues	O
.	O


Many	O
businesses	O
were	O
privately	O
expecting	O
that	O
the	B-FAC
Port	I-FAC
of	I-FAC
Taichung	I-FAC
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
establish	O
direct	O
shipping	O
links	O
with	O
the	O
mainland	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
even	O
hoping	O
to	O
attract	O
"	O
red	O
capital	O
"	O
from	O
across	O
the	O
strait	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
visions	O
of	O
Taichung	B-GPE
establishing	O
important	O
links	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
or	O
even	O
to	O
the	O
global	O
community	O
.	O


Much	O
to	O
these	O
cities	O
'	O
frustration	O
,	O
for	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
there	O
has	O
been	O
no	O
progress	O
on	O
the	O
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
direct	O
links	O
.	O
"	O


Kaohsiung	B-GPE
and	O
Taichung	B-GPE
have	O
excellent	O
ports	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
like	O
besieged	O
cities	O
with	O
nowhere	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


Three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
the	B-FAC
Tuntex	I-FAC
Building	I-FAC
was	O
completed	O
in	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
81	B-CARDINAL
stories	O
it	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
tallest	O
skyscrapers	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
.	O


Yet	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
rumors	O
circling	O
about	O
its	O
precarious	O
financial	O
status	O
have	O
turned	O
it	O
into	O
a	O
symbol	O
of	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
's	O
falling	O
fortunes	O
.	O


High	O
-	O
tech	O
corridor	O


While	O
southern	O
and	O
central	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
fallen	O
on	O
hard	O
times	O
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
has	O
taken	O
full	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
1990s	B-DATE
trend	O
toward	O
globalized	O
production	O
.	O


"	O
There	O
is	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
position	O
of	O
importance	O
both	O
for	O
the	O
economy	O
and	O
for	O
government	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
thriving	O
science	O
park	O
in	O
Hsinchu	B-GPE
,	O
"	O
explains	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Chu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chiu	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
a	O
professor	O
of	O
architecture	O
and	O
urban	O
planning	O
at	O
NTU	B-ORG
.	O


"	O
To	O
these	O
you	O
add	O
the	O
international	O
airport	O
in	O
Taoyuan	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
northern	O
highway	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
you	O
get	O
is	O
a	O
'	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
corridor	O
'	O
from	O
Taipei	B-GPE
to	O
Hsinchu	B-GPE
.	O
"	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
this	O
corridor	O
extends	O
overseas	O
,	O
eastward	O
to	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
Silicon	B-LOC
Valley	I-LOC
and	O
westward	O
to	O
the	O
production	O
bases	O
in	O
the	O
Pearl	B-LOC
and	O
Yangtze	B-LOC
river	O
deltas	O
on	O
the	O
mainland	O
.	O


Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
however	O
,	O
plays	O
a	O
pivotal	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
,	O
linking	O
all	O
the	O
parts	O
together	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
you	O
eat	O
somewhere	O
like	O
the	B-FAC
Agora	I-FAC
Garden	I-FAC
Conference	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
,	O
you	O
'll	O
hear	O
people	O
all	O
around	O
you	O
saying	O
things	O
like	O
,	O
'	O
Have	O
you	O
been	O
abroad	O
recently	O
?	O
'	O
or	O
'	O
I	O
've	O
just	O
come	O
back	O
from	O
overseas	O
,	O
'	O
"	O
says	O
Yang	B-PERSON
Ting	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yuan	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
former	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
Winbond	B-ORG
Electronic	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
semiconductor	O
subsidiary	O
.	O


The	O
outstanding	O
performance	O
of	O
Northern	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
high	O
-	O
tech	O
corridor	O
is	O
driving	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
economy	O
and	O
widening	O
the	O
gap	O
between	O
north	O
and	O
south	O
.	O


Given	O
this	O
situation	O
,	O
where	O
is	O
there	O
leverage	O
to	O
bring	O
about	O
a	O
better	O
balance	O
between	O
north	O
and	O
south	O
?	O


Any	O
such	O
attempt	O
will	O
hinge	O
upon	O
the	O
central	O
government	O
working	O
to	O
redistribute	O
wealth	O
-	O
to	O
take	O
from	O
rich	O
Taipei	B-GPE
and	O
give	O
to	O
its	O
poor	O
country	O
cousins	O
.	O


How	O
much	O
would	O
such	O
action	O
actually	O
help	O
?	O


Although	O
redirecting	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
billions	O
appropriated	O
for	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
would	O
do	O
little	O
to	O
fundamentally	O
change	O
the	O
economic	O
disparity	O
,	O
many	O
experts	O
believe	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
at	O
least	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
comforting	O
gesture	O
to	O
the	O
various	O
counties	O
and	O
cities	O
crying	O
for	O
help	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
get	O
to	O
the	O
root	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
you	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
help	O
those	O
cities	O
and	O
counties	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
implement	O
'	O
local	O
self	O
-	O
rule	O
,	O
'	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
local	O
governments	O
-LRB-	O
which	O
are	O
now	O
only	O
tertiary	B-ORDINAL
government	O
units	O
-RRB-	O
really	O
acquire	O
sufficient	O
power	O
and	O
money	O
,	O
"	O
argues	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Chu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
joe	I-PERSON
.	O


Otherwise	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
"	O
southern	O
science	O
park	O
"	O
that	O
is	O
now	O
being	O
built	O
in	O
Tainan	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
is	O
successful	O
,	O
perhaps	O
it	O
,	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
the	O
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
direct	O
links	O
"	O
and	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
speed	O
railway	O
will	O
create	O
new	O
opportunity	O
for	O
central	O
and	O
southern	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Knowing	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
better	O
than	O
Hualien	B-GPE


A	O
city	O
can	O
thrive	O
or	O
wilt	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
political	O
and	O
economic	O
changes	O
to	O
a	O
nation	O
.	O


These	O
developments	O
can	O
even	O
slowly	O
and	O
silently	O
change	O
its	O
basic	O
character	O
.	O


Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
character	O
is	O
much	O
different	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
other	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
cities	O
.	O


"	O
In	O
attitude	O
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
is	O
like	O
a	O
different	O
country	O
from	O
central	O
and	O
southern	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
"	O
observes	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Tung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
NTU	B-ORG
's	O
sociology	O
department	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Progressive	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
brain	O
trust	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
,	O
while	O
most	O
counties	O
and	O
cities	O
regard	O
the	O
central	O
government	O
as	O
the	O
boss	O
and	O
Taipei	B-GPE
as	O
the	O
imaginary	O
enemy	O
,	O
only	O
Taipei	B-GPE
has	O
an	O
"	O
international	O
outlook	O
.	O
"	O


Chen	B-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
every	O
year	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
900,000	I-CARDINAL
residents	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
-	O
or	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
population	O
-	O
travel	O
overseas	O
.	O


Hsinchu	B-GPE
comes	O
in	O
second	B-ORDINAL
at	O
28	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


By	O
way	O
of	O
comparison	O
,	O
only	O
6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Tainan	B-GPE
residents	O
and	O
5.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
residents	O
go	O
abroad	O
every	O
year	O
.	O


Every	O
winter	O
and	O
summer	O
vacation	O
Chen	B-PERSON
's	O
kids	O
go	O
overseas	O
to	O
study	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


But	O
the	O
Chens	B-PERSON
are	O
just	O
another	O
middle	O
-	O
class	O
yuppie	O
family	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
Taipei	B-GPE
youth	O
may	O
well	O
know	O
more	O
about	O
the	O
latest	O
fashions	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
and	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
than	O
about	O
Yunlin	B-GPE
or	O
Hualien	B-GPE
,	O
"	O
notes	O
Chen	B-PERSON
.	O


You	O
can	O
see	O
one	B-CARDINAL
example	O
after	O
another	O
of	O
how	O
Taipei	B-GPE
has	O
its	O
eyes	O
on	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
fingers	O
on	O
the	O
global	O
pulse	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
September	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
government	O
broke	O
new	O
ground	O
by	O
sponsoring	O
a	O
gay	O
pride	O
festival	O
.	O


It	O
even	O
invited	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Bronski	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
gay	O
pride	O
movement	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
event	O
was	O
fiercely	O
opposed	O
by	O
the	O
Presbyterian	B-NORP
church	O
and	O
other	O
groups	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
it	O
clearly	O
earned	O
points	O
with	O
foreigners	O
who	O
participated	O
enthusiastically	O
and	O
saw	O
it	O
as	O
an	O
embrace	O
of	O
tolerance	O
and	O
diversity	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
fact	O
is	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
puts	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
effort	O
every	O
year	O
into	O
providing	O
foreign	O
assistance	O
and	O
sending	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
state	O
overseas	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
forget	O
that	O
we	O
engage	O
in	O
foreign	O
relations	O
with	O
our	O
everyday	O
actions	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
Tsun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chi	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
director	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
Bureau	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Labor	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
30,000	I-CARDINAL
foreign	O
workers	O
,	O
mostly	O
Filipino	B-NORP
or	O
Indonesian	B-NORP
nannies	O
and	O
nurses	O
,	O
live	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
About	B-CARDINAL
10,000	I-CARDINAL
of	O
these	O
foreign	O
domestics	O
leave	O
every	O
year	O
when	O
their	O
contracts	O
expire	O
.	O


If	O
these	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
dislike	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
their	O
opinions	O
will	O
get	O
passed	O
around	O
by	O
word	O
of	O
mouth	O
when	O
they	O
return	O
home	O
.	O


What	O
hope	O
will	O
there	O
then	O
be	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
relations	O
?	O
"	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
Cheng	B-PERSON
Tsun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chi	I-PERSON
put	O
on	O
a	O
big	O
event	O
for	O
foreign	O
workers	O
,	O
and	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
he	O
has	O
created	O
an	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
newsletter	O
for	O
foreign	O
workers	O
.	O


Says	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
:	O
"	O
Guests	O
from	O
afar	O
should	O
be	O
treated	O
with	O
respect	O
-	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
Taipei	B-GPE
is	O
serious	O
about	O
becoming	O
an	O
international	O
city	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
because	O
these	O
visitors	O
are	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
links	O
Taipei	B-GPE
has	O
to	O
other	O
international	O
cities	O
.	O
"	O


Not	O
losing	O
face	O
for	O
the	O
nation	O


"	O
Taipei	B-GPE
is	O
under	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
pressure	O
because	O
it	O
faces	O
international	O
competition	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
William	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
Bureau	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Urban	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
.	O


When	O
multinationals	O
are	O
deciding	O
where	O
to	O
put	O
their	O
regional	O
headquarters	O
they	O
make	O
city	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
city	O
comparisons	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
December	I-DATE
the	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
language	O
magazine	O
Asia	B-WORK_OF_ART
Week	I-WORK_OF_ART
made	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
Asian	B-NORP
cities	O
that	O
put	O
Taipei	B-GPE
and	O
Osaka	B-GPE
in	O
a	O
tie	O
for	O
second	B-ORDINAL
place	O
among	O
the	O
most	O
livable	O
cities	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
behind	O
only	O
Fukuoka	B-GPE
.	O


Taipei	B-GPE
was	O
up	O
three	B-CARDINAL
places	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
before	I-DATE
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
chart	O
changes	O
year	O
to	O
year	O
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
could	O
slip	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
careful	O
.	O


"	O
Taipei	B-GPE
is	O
struggling	O
to	O
catch	O
up	O
with	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
,	O
Singapore	B-GPE
and	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
cities	O
like	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Bangkok	B-GPE
running	O
fast	O
on	O
its	O
heels	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Chen	B-PERSON
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
with	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
lavishing	O
resources	O
on	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
city	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
complete	O
its	O
highway	O
and	O
put	O
its	O
electric	O
cables	O
underground	O
in	O
just	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
was	O
even	O
able	O
to	O
lay	O
down	O
an	O
entire	O
fiber	O
optic	O
network	O
.	O


"	O
In	O
terms	O
of	O
quality	O
and	O
diversity	O
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
is	O
ahead	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
step	O
behind	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
bringing	O
out	O
the	O
pickaxes	O
for	O
an	O
infrastructure	O
project	O
,	O
"	O
Chen	B-PERSON
admits	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
talk	O
about	O
installing	O
a	O
proper	O
sewage	O
treatment	O
system	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
currently	O
only	O
43	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
homes	O
are	O
connected	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
sewage	O
from	O
most	O
Taipei	B-GPE
homes	O
pours	O
out	O
,	O
untreated	O
,	O
into	O
rivers	O
.	O


The	O
capitals	O
of	O
the	O
advanced	O
Western	B-NORP
nations	O
would	O
never	O
have	O
allowed	O
such	O
a	O
situation	O
to	O
persist	O
.	O


The	O
residents	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
regard	O
themselves	O
as	O
citizens	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
global	O
village	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
are	O
confident	O
in	O
facing	O
international	O
challenges	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
they	O
find	O
it	O
hard	O
to	O
accept	O
the	O
current	O
government	O
's	O
"	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
-	O
first	O
"	O
orientation	O
and	O
its	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
"	O
native	O
soil	O
.	O
"	O


Recently	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
big	O
controversy	O
about	O
which	O
romanization	O
system	O
to	O
use	O
for	O
writing	O
Chinese	B-NORP
characters	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


The	O
ROC	B-GPE
government	O
insists	O
on	O
casting	O
aside	O
the	O
Hanyu	O
Pinyin	O
system	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
on	O
the	O
mainland	O
and	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
and	O
instead	O
adopting	O
the	O
Tongyong	O
Pinyin	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
specially	O
created	O
by	O
a	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
scholar	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
raised	O
the	O
hackles	O
of	O
Lung	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Culture	I-ORG
:	O
"	O
The	O
new	O
government	O
can	O
not	O
try	O
to	O
lock	O
up	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O


It	O
can	O
not	O
put	O
the	O
elimination	O
of	O
pan-Chinese	B-NORP
influences	O
as	O
the	O
starting	O
point	O
for	O
all	O
its	O
thinking	O
!	O
"	O


Not	O
talking	O
the	O
talk	O


With	O
its	O
international	O
orientation	O
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
also	O
has	O
a	O
much	O
different	O
attitude	O
than	O
other	O
counties	O
and	O
cities	O
,	O
especially	O
southern	O
ones	O
,	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
independence	O
versus	O
reunification	O
.	O


"	O
Over	B-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
population	O
is	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
mainlanders	O
[	O
those	O
who	O
fled	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
Communists	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
their	O
descendants	O
]	O
,	O
"	O
explains	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Tung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
.	O


"	O
This	O
figure	O
is	O
much	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
13	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
average	O
in	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
mainlanders	O
have	O
introduced	O
the	O
cuisines	O
of	O
their	O
home	O
provinces	O
and	O
a	O
longing	O
for	O
the	O
old	O
country	O
.	O


Likewise	O
,	O
the	O
attitudes	O
of	O
civil	O
servants	O
loyal	O
to	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
have	O
also	O
taken	O
firm	O
root	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
a	O
larger	O
proportion	O
of	O
Hakkas	B-NORP
live	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
than	O
any	O
place	O
outside	O
of	O
their	O
traditional	O
bases	O
in	O
the	O
countryside	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
city	O
also	O
has	O
a	O
large	O
community	O
of	O
aborigines	O
.	O


With	O
this	O
population	O
structure	O
,	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
chauvinism	O
so	O
prevalent	O
in	O
southern	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
rather	O
rare	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


Oddly	O
,	O
as	O
Taipei	B-GPE
has	O
gone	O
out	O
of	O
its	O
way	O
to	O
establish	O
ties	O
with	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
and	O
trade	O
with	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
has	O
,	O
whether	O
by	O
intention	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
created	O
distance	O
between	O
itself	O
and	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Tung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
grew	O
up	O
in	O
Shalu	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Taichung	I-GPE
County	I-GPE
and	O
has	O
a	O
strong	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
consciousness	O
,	O
remarks	O
that	O
you	O
simply	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
by	O
without	O
speaking	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
south	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Chuoshui	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
.	O


Only	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
do	O
people	O
dare	O
to	O
"	O
eat	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
,	O
but	O
not	O
speak	O
Taiwanese	B-LANGUAGE
.	O
"	O


Both	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
language	O
and	O
national	O
identity	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
clear	O
"	O
split	O
between	O
north	O
and	O
south	O
.	O
"	O


To	O
take	O
the	O
simplest	O
example	O
,	O
current	O
ROC	B-GPE
president	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
had	O
an	O
outstanding	O
record	O
as	O
mayor	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
he	O
wore	O
the	O
mantle	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
"	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
native	O
son	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
any	O
other	O
county	O
or	O
city	O
,	O
his	O
re-election	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
sure	O
thing	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
1998	B-DATE
mayoral	O
election	O
,	O
he	O
lost	O
by	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100,000	I-CARDINAL
votes	O
to	O
Ma	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jeou	I-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
parents	O
came	O
over	O
from	O
the	O
mainland	O
.	O


The	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
that	O
he	O
lost	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
magnanimously	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
a	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
rate	O
city	O
is	O
bound	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
very	O
picky	O
city	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
did	O
so	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
he	O
bore	O
no	O
grudge	O
,	O
but	O
perhaps	O
his	O
statement	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
harbinger	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
animosity	O
between	O
the	B-ORG
President	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
and	O
City	B-ORG
Hall	I-ORG
.	O


New	O
hometown	O


In	O
the	O
eyes	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
counties	O
and	O
cities	O
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
may	O
stand	O
alone	O
,	O
but	O
Taipei	B-GPE
people	O
themselves	O
struggle	O
with	O
their	O
sense	O
of	O
identity	O
.	O


"	O
Taipei	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
classic	O
immigrant	O
city	O
,	O
whose	O
citizens	O
form	O
a	O
'	O
motley	O
crew	O
,	O
'	O
"	O
says	O
Tseng	B-PERSON
Shu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
cheng	I-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Urban	I-ORG
Reconstruction	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
and	O
an	O
associate	O
professor	O
of	O
architecture	O
at	O
Tamkang	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


"	O
Its	O
citizens	O
may	O
all	O
earn	O
their	O
living	O
here	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
share	O
collective	O
memories	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
lack	O
any	O
bonds	O
of	O
affection	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
or	O
ties	O
to	O
personal	O
networks	O
here	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
a	O
survey	O
he	O
conducted	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Tseng	B-PERSON
found	O
that	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
in	O
five	B-CARDINAL
Taipei	B-GPE
residents	O
were	O
born	O
there	O
.	O


"	O
Ask	O
somebody	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
where	O
they	O
are	O
from	O
,	O
and	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
will	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
mainlanders	O
or	O
are	O
from	O
Tainan	B-GPE
,	O
Pingtung	B-GPE
,	O
Penghu	B-GPE
or	O
wherever	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
practically	O
always	O
from	O
somewhere	O
else	O
!	O
"	O


In	O
Tseng	B-PERSON
's	O
view	O
the	O
coming	O
decade	O
will	O
be	O
key	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
the	O
city	O
can	O
transform	O
itself	O
from	O
a	O
"	O
city	O
of	O
immigrants	O
and	O
migrants	O
"	O
to	O
a	O
"	O
city	O
of	O
residents	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
is	O
currently	O
promoting	O
a	O
community	O
development	O
plan	O
in	O
the	O
hope	O
that	O
neighborhoods	O
full	O
of	O
strangers	O
can	O
pull	O
together	O
,	O
and	O
people	O
living	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
can	O
begin	O
to	O
regard	O
it	O
as	O
their	O
"	O
new	O
hometown	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
does	O
Tseng	B-PERSON
himself	O
consider	O
Taipei	B-GPE
to	O
be	O
his	O
"	O
new	O
hometown	O
"	O
?	O


"	O
As	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
fact	O
,	O
I	O
feel	O
very	O
conflicted	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
admits	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
move	O
back	O
to	O
my	O
hometown	O
within	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
'll	O
probably	O
never	O
return	O
.	O
"	O


Tseng	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
strongly	O
identifies	O
with	O
Tainan	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
as	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
he	O
grew	O
up	O
,	O
goes	O
back	O
every	O
month	O
to	O
visit	O
his	O
parents	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
hometown	O
there	O
are	O
20,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
and	O
only	O
two	B-CARDINAL
elementary	O
schools	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
junior	O
high	O
school	O
.	O


There	O
,	O
if	O
a	O
neighbor	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
relative	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
probably	O
an	O
old	O
school	O
chum	O
or	O
co-worker	O
.	O


You	O
really	O
get	O
a	O
hometown	O
feeling	O
in	O
a	O
place	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


But	O
can	O
Tainan	B-GPE
provide	O
him	O
with	O
career	O
opportunities	O
?	O


Wo	O
n't	O
his	O
children	O
lose	O
the	O
educational	O
race	O
before	O
it	O
even	O
begins	O
?	O


He	O
has	O
seen	O
a	O
syndrome	O
play	O
out	O
there	O
:	O
people	O
's	O
parents	O
die	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
they	O
sell	O
their	O
farmland	O
,	O
let	O
their	O
family	O
home	O
go	O
to	O
ruin	O
,	O
pull	O
up	O
their	O
stakes	O
and	O
move	O
to	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


Because	O
he	O
knows	O
that	O
his	O
hometown	O
needs	O
people	O
like	O
him	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
and	O
work	O
on	O
its	O
behalf	O
,	O
he	O
really	O
feels	O
torn	O
.	O


Missions	O
impossible	O


"	O
While	O
many	O
cities	O
and	O
counties	O
want	O
to	O
rediscover	O
their	O
old	O
sense	O
of	O
self	O
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
wants	O
to	O
invent	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
identity	O
that	O
it	O
never	O
had	O
,	O
"	O
explains	O
Tseng	B-PERSON
,	O
getting	O
at	O
the	O
crux	O
of	O
the	O
difference	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
,	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
before	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
began	O
instituting	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
"	O
community	O
planning	O
masters	O
.	O
"	O


These	O
unpaid	O
volunteers	O
selected	O
by	O
City	B-ORG
Hall	I-ORG
gather	O
suggestions	O
and	O
criticisms	O
from	O
residents	O
and	O
communicate	O
with	O
the	O
elected	O
neighborhood	O
chiefs	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
after	O
establishing	O
concrete	O
plans	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
apply	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
for	O
financial	O
assistance	O
to	O
implement	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
citizens	O
involved	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
help	O
create	O
a	O
Taipei	B-GPE
that	O
they	O
feel	O
belongs	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


"	O
Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
we	O
have	O
discovered	O
that	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
is	O
not	O
nearly	O
as	O
cold	O
and	O
lonely	O
as	O
we	O
had	O
once	O
imagined	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
William	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
with	O
excitement	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
expand	O
participation	O
,	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
Urban	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
has	O
begun	O
to	O
train	O
"	O
seed	O
planning	O
masters	O
.	O
"	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
48	B-CARDINAL
"	O
seed	O
students	O
"	O
are	O
professionals	O
,	O
including	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
who	O
have	O
doctorates	O
.	O


The	O
high	O
quality	O
of	O
people	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
has	O
startled	O
Chen	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
worked	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
provincial	O
government	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
can	O
be	O
proud	O
of	O
their	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
education	O
and	O
earnings	O
and	O
their	O
discipline	O
.	O


When	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
was	O
mayor	O
he	O
launched	O
a	O
major	O
campaign	O
against	O
the	O
sex	O
industry	O
,	O
enforced	O
laws	O
against	O
drinking	O
and	O
driving	O
,	O
and	O
required	O
motorcycle	O
drivers	O
to	O
wear	O
helmets	O
.	O


Even	O
Taipei	B-GPE
residents	O
themselves	O
were	O
surprised	O
at	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
accept	O
such	O
high	O
standards	O
.	O


Since	O
Ma	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jeou	I-PERSON
has	O
taken	O
over	O
as	O
mayor	O
the	O
city	O
has	O
required	O
its	O
citizens	O
to	O
take	O
on	O
another	O
duty	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
formerly	O
regarded	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
mission	O
impossible	O
"	O
:	O
recycling	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
using	O
high	O
-	O
priced	O
officially	O
approved	O
garbage	O
bags	O
.	O


Starting	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
most	O
Taipei	B-GPE
residents	O
,	O
who	O
identify	O
themselves	O
as	O
being	O
environmentally	O
conscious	O
,	O
have	O
complied	O
and	O
now	O
separate	O
their	O
garbage	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
big	O
family	O


"	O
Although	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
has	O
excellent	O
financial	O
resources	O
and	O
special	O
qualities	O
,	O
please	O
do	O
n't	O
exaggerate	O
these	O
differences	O
,	O
"	O
cautions	O
Ou	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
te	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
assistant	O
mayor	O
for	O
government	O
services	O
.	O


"	O
And	O
it	O
's	O
even	O
more	O
important	O
not	O
to	O
allow	O
political	O
or	O
party	O
differences	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
situation	O
where	O
regions	O
clash	O
or	O
go	O
their	O
own	O
ways	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
element	O
of	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
experience	O
that	O
is	O
most	O
worthy	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
pride	O
is	O
the	O
relatively	O
even	O
distribution	O
of	O
wealth	O
and	O
resources	O
.	O


While	O
Taipei	B-GPE
has	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
and	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchi	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
distant	O
Nantou	B-GPE
has	O
National	B-ORG
Chi	I-ORG
Nan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
and	O
Chiayi	B-GPE
has	O
Chung	B-ORG
Cheng	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
also	O
have	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
rate	O
faculties	O
and	O
curriculums	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
"	O
Though	O
people	O
in	O
Ilan	B-GPE
and	O
Hualien	B-GPE
may	O
earn	O
less	O
money	O
and	O
have	O
fewer	O
facilities	O
and	O
less	O
variety	O
of	O
activities	O
,	O
they	O
also	O
enjoy	O
a	O
lower	O
cost	O
of	O
living	O
,	O
a	O
more	O
relaxed	O
pace	O
of	O
life	O
and	O
clean	O
air	O
,	O
"	O
notes	O
Ou	B-PERSON
.	O


Different	O
cities	O
serve	O
different	O
functions	O
.	O


They	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
similar	O
in	O
every	O
respect	O
.	O


Compared	O
to	O
many	O
developing	O
countries	O
,	O
where	O
one	B-CARDINAL
city	O
often	O
stands	O
far	O
above	O
the	O
others	O
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
advantages	O
are	O
really	O
not	O
that	O
remarkable	O
.	O


Tseng	B-PERSON
Shu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
cheng	I-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
the	O
areas	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
train	O
stations	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
and	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
are	O
thronged	O
with	O
illiterates	O
looking	O
for	O
work	O
and	O
that	O
beggars	O
can	O
be	O
found	O
on	O
virtually	O
any	O
street	O
in	O
Jakarta	B-GPE
.	O


These	O
scenes	O
are	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
great	O
poverty	O
in	O
the	O
countryside	O
.	O


Farmers	O
have	O
no	O
choice	O
but	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
cities	O
and	O
struggle	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
for	O
the	O
crumbs	O
of	O
the	O
wealthy	O
.	O


Even	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
an	O
advanced	O
industrial	O
nation	O
,	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
is	O
4.6	B-CARDINAL
times	O
as	O
large	O
as	O
Osaka	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
next	O
biggest	O
city	O
.	O


Linking	O
arms	O


The	O
people	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
are	O
not	O
unaware	O
of	O
their	O
advantages	O
and	O
distance	O
from	O
the	O
"	O
native	O
soil	O
.	O
"	O


When	O
Lung	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
took	O
over	O
as	O
head	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
Cultural	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
move	O
was	O
to	O
invite	O
other	O
local	O
culture	O
officials	O
to	O
a	O
meeting	O
.	O


Lung	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
Taipei	B-GPE
very	O
much	O
wants	O
to	O
share	O
its	O
resources	O
and	O
experiences	O
with	O
other	O
cities	O
and	O
counties	O
.	O


Whether	O
holding	O
an	O
international	O
cultural	O
event	O
or	O
setting	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
cultural	O
policies	O
,	O
she	O
always	O
asks	O
for	O
the	O
participation	O
or	O
input	O
of	O
other	O
cities	O
and	O
counties	O
.	O


Next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
wants	O
to	O
hold	O
an	B-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
Asian	I-EVENT
City	I-EVENT
Cultural	I-EVENT
Summit	I-EVENT
.	O
"	O


Already	O
21	B-CARDINAL
counties	O
and	O
cities	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
signed	O
on	O
as	O
co-sponsors	O
.	O


The	O
"	O
Taipei	B-GPE
experience	O
"	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
beneficially	O
.	O


Yet	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
standing	O
differences	O
between	O
Taipei	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
localities	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
differences	O
in	O
ruling	O
parties	O
,	O
get	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


Seven	B-CARDINAL
southern	O
counties	O
and	O
cities	O
have	O
formed	O
a	O
political	O
league	O
centered	O
around	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
.	O


Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
ca	O
n't	O
even	O
get	O
along	O
with	O
Taipei	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
completely	O
surrounds	O
it	O
.	O


Ou	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
te	I-PERSON
admits	O
that	O
Taipei	B-GPE
has	O
hardly	O
any	O
high	O
-	O
level	O
ties	O
to	O
other	O
cities	O
and	O
counties	O
.	O


The	O
city	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
lonely	O
island	O
or	O
a	O
proud	O
and	O
arrogant	O
peacock	O
,	O
fated	O
always	O
to	O
be	O
alone	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
pain	O
,	O
for	O
sure	O
.	O


But	O
is	O
it	O
not	O
also	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
loss	O
?	O


What	O
Price	O
Public	O
Art	O
?	O


-LRB-	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ting	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Christopher	B-PERSON
MacDonald	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
art	O
market	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
tended	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
oil	O
painting	O
and	O
ink	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
wash	O
,	O
with	O
relatively	O
little	O
interest	O
in	O
sculpture	O
,	O
photography	O
,	O
ceramics	O
and	O
multimedia	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
tens	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
millions	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
NT	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
have	O
now	O
become	O
available	O
for	O
work	O
in	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
forms	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
provisions	O
of	O
a	O
1992	B-DATE
law	O
requiring	O
at	B-PERCENT
least	I-PERCENT
one	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
budget	O
for	O
major	O
infrastructure	O
projects	O
to	O
be	O
spent	O
on	O
public	O
art	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
artists	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
abroad	O
have	O
been	O
scrabbling	O
for	O
a	O
slice	O
of	O
the	O
public	O
art	O
pie	O
.	O


In	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
1997	B-DATE
was	O
designated	O
as	O
the	O
Year	O
of	O
Public	O
Art	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
following	O
year	O
experimental	O
installations	O
went	O
on	O
display	O
at	O
nine	O
cultural	O
centers	O
around	O
the	O
island	O
,	O
chosen	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Cultural	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
CCA	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
.	O


1998	B-DATE
also	O
saw	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
new	O
measures	O
governing	O
the	O
installation	O
of	O
such	O
works	O
.	O


As	O
public	O
art	O
began	O
to	O
proliferate	O
,	O
university	O
departments	O
of	O
art	O
,	O
environment	O
and	O
architecture	O
,	O
spurred	O
by	O
demand	O
,	O
began	O
offering	O
public	O
art	O
courses	O
.	O


Golden	O
opportunity	O


The	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
major	O
infrastructure	O
projects	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Taipei	B-GPE
MRT	B-FAC
system	I-FAC
,	O
the	B-FAC
Second	I-FAC
Northern	I-FAC
Freeway	I-FAC
and	O
the	O
new	O
terminal	O
at	O
CKS	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
,	O
released	O
millions	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
even	I-MONEY
hundreds	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
millions	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
NT	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
for	O
spending	O
on	O
public	O
art	O
,	O
creating	O
a	O
golden	O
opportunity	O
for	O
eager	O
artists	O
.	O


During	O
1999	B-DATE
,	O
30	B-CARDINAL
works	O
of	O
public	O
art	O
were	O
completed	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
official	O
provisions	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
cost	O
of	O
NT$	B-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


But	O
the	O
budget	O
for	O
yet	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
be	O
-	O
installed	O
works	O
is	O
even	O
more	O
staggering	O
:	O
NT$	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
public	O
art	O
at	O
the	O
new	O
CKS	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
terminal	O
alone	O
,	O
NT$	B-MONEY
85	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
spending	O
by	O
the	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
port	O
authority	O
,	O
and	O
NT$	B-MONEY
80	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
stations	O
along	O
the	O
Wanhua	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
Panchiao	I-FAC
branch	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
MRT	B-FAC
network	I-FAC
.	O


At	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
bleak	O
economic	O
prospects	O
,	O
public	O
art	O
commissions	O
have	O
become	O
a	O
beacon	O
for	O
artists	O
.	O


No	O
wonder	O
some	O
prefer	O
to	O
enter	O
public	O
art	O
contests	O
rather	O
than	O
accept	O
the	O
honor	O
of	O
selection	O
committee	O
membership	O
.	O


The	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
contest	O
for	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
works	O
to	O
be	O
placed	O
along	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
Tunhwa	B-LOC
Art	I-LOC
Corridor	I-LOC
,	O
"	O
organized	O
by	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
Urban	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
drew	O
entries	O
from	O
over	B-CARDINAL
130	I-CARDINAL
artists	O
,	O
shows	O
how	O
intense	O
the	O
competition	O
can	O
be	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
is	O
sculptors	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
biggest	O
beneficiaries	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
policies	O
,	O
since	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
dimensional	O
art	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
suitable	O
form	O
for	O
installation	O
in	O
open	O
spaces	O
:	O
of	O
the	O
55	B-CARDINAL
public	O
art	O
works	O
completed	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
,	O
40	B-CARDINAL
were	O
works	O
of	O
sculpture	O
.	O


Art	O
engineering	O
?	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
public	O
art	O
is	O
chosen	O
through	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
methods	O
:	O
open	O
competition	O
,	O
invitation	O
to	O
tender	O
,	O
commissioning	O
,	O
and	O
direct	O
purchase	O
.	O


The	O
process	O
has	O
to	O
involve	O
a	O
selection	O
committee	O
from	O
the	O
CCA	B-ORG
or	O
relevant	O
cultural	O
department	O
at	O
the	O
local	O
level	O
,	O
comprising	O
artists	O
,	O
architects	O
,	O
landscape	O
designers	O
,	O
art	O
educationalists	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O


The	O
committee	O
appraises	O
works	O
for	O
artistic	O
quality	O
,	O
suitability	O
for	O
the	O
location	O
,	O
safety	O
and	O
feasibility	O
.	O


Entries	O
which	O
pass	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
round	O
are	O
presented	O
for	O
public	O
demonstration	O
and	O
discussion	O
among	O
the	O
community	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
avoid	O
subsequent	O
protests	O
.	O


Unlike	O
those	O
working	O
with	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
art	O
,	O
the	O
creators	O
of	O
public	O
art	O
need	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
grasp	O
of	O
architectural	O
structure	O
,	O
environmental	O
scenery	O
and	O
even	O
accounting	O
procedure	O
.	O


Artistic	O
conception	O
alone	O
is	O
not	O
enough	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
submitting	O
expenditure	O
claims	O
and	O
dealing	O
with	O
issues	O
including	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
maintenance	O
and	O
cleaning	O
,	O
and	O
maybe	O
utility	O
supply	O
.	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
artists	O
have	O
thus	O
found	O
it	O
helpful	O
to	O
pool	O
their	O
talents	O
,	O
setting	O
up	O
workshops	O
geared	O
chiefly	O
to	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
public	O
art	O
.	O


Priceless	O
art	O
?	O


Transparency	O
and	O
professionalism	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
art	O
selection	O
process	O
should	O
be	O
beneficial	O
to	O
the	O
overall	O
art	O
environment	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
Huang	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ching	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
whose	O
works	O
have	O
been	O
successfully	O
selected	O
,	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
artists	O
still	O
have	O
to	O
overcome	O
frequent	O
misunderstandings	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
when	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
their	O
material	O


Internet	O
Pioneer	O
Heidi	B-PERSON
Hsueh	I-PERSON


When	O
the	O
Internet	O
started	O
to	O
take	O
off	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
Inforian	B-ORG
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Taiwan	B-GPE
Internet	O
startups	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
since	I-DATE
it	O
has	O
made	O
quite	O
a	O
splash	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
.	O


Back	O
when	O
the	O
Internet	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
mainly	O
meant	O
college	O
students	O
posting	O
on	O
bulletin	O
boards	O
and	O
fooling	O
around	O
with	O
Mosaic	B-PRODUCT
,	O
a	O
23	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
graduate	O
student	O
at	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchi	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
named	O
Heidi	B-PERSON
Hsueh	I-PERSON
and	O
a	O
graduate	O
student	O
at	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
named	O
Lawrence	B-PERSON
Ho	I-PERSON
decided	O
to	O
form	O
an	O
Internet	O
company	O
together	O
.	O


They	O
started	O
with	O
just	O
NT$	B-MONEY
500,000	I-MONEY
.	O


Hsueh	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
speaks	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
self	O
-	O
confidence	O
of	O
a	O
prophet	O
,	O
recalls	O
that	O
she	O
could	O
early	O
on	O
see	O
the	O
tremendous	O
impact	O
that	O
the	O
Internet	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
on	O
people	O
s	O
lives	O
.	O


"	O
We	O
were	O
riding	O
that	O
first	B-ORDINAL
wave	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
deciding	O
to	O
strike	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
step	O
to	O
success	O
.	O


Starting	O
with	O
books	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
,	O
Inforian	B-ORG
-	O
or	O
pAsia	B-ORG
as	O
it	O
is	O
known	O
today	B-DATE
-	O
made	O
money	O
by	O
publishing	O
books	O
and	O
by	O
localizing	O
software	O
for	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
market	O
.	O


Hsueh	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
co-founder	O
and	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
ca	O
n't	O
count	O
how	O
many	O
times	O
she	O
stayed	O
up	O
all	O
night	O
at	O
the	O
office	O
in	O
those	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Once	O
,	O
when	O
their	O
distributor	O
for	O
some	O
reason	O
refused	O
to	O
make	O
payments	O
,	O
they	O
had	O
to	O
endure	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
without	O
any	O
incoming	O
revenue	O
.	O


"	O
When	O
you	O
're	O
considering	O
founding	O
a	O
company	O
,	O
"	O
she	O
says	O
,	O
issuing	O
a	O
warning	O
to	O
the	O
many	O
youths	O
throwing	O
themselves	O
into	O
Internet	O
startups	O
,	O
"	O
you	O
've	O
really	O
got	O
to	O
consider	O
carefully	O
the	O
pressures	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
under	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
division	O
of	O
labor	O
was	O
clear	O
from	O
the	O
start	O
.	O


Ho	B-PERSON
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
product	O
design	O
,	O
and	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
handled	O
business	O
development	O
and	O
marketing	O
strategy	O
.	O


After	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
company	O
had	O
its	O
first	B-ORDINAL
success	O
:	O
the	O
IQ97	B-PRODUCT
-LRB-	O
Inforian	B-ORG
Quest	B-PRODUCT
-RRB-	O
meta	O
-	O
search	O
engine	O
.	O


It	O
hit	O
a	O
homerun	O
for	O
their	O
Internet	O
dreams	O
.	O


Not	O
long	O
after	O
Ho	B-PERSON
finished	O
IQ97	B-PRODUCT
,	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
sent	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
website	O
ZDNet	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
awarded	O
it	O
five	B-CARDINAL
stars	O
,	O
its	O
highest	O
rating	O
.	O


Hsueh	B-PERSON
then	O
used	O
the	O
Internet	O
to	O
find	O
distributors	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Soon	O
IQ97	B-PRODUCT
had	O
been	O
translated	O
into	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
languages	O
and	O
plans	O
were	O
laid	O
to	O
step	O
into	O
the	O
global	O
market	O
.	O


Within	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
product	O
's	O
release	O
in	O
October	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
had	O
sold	O
three	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
copies	O
worldwide	O
.	O


Inforian	B-ORG
followed	O
by	O
launching	O
CICQ	B-PRODUCT
,	O
a	O
Chinese	B-NORP
language	O
instant	O
messaging	O
site	O
that	O
attracted	O
1	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
members	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Then	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
it	O
focused	O
on	O
e-commerce	O
,	O
establishing	O
the	O
online	O
auction	O
site	O
CoolBid	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
has	O
averaged	O
quarterly	O
sales	O
of	O
NT$	B-MONEY
60	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
and	O
has	O
as	O
many	O
as	O
100,000	B-CARDINAL
members	O
.	O


Hsueh	B-PERSON
also	O
made	O
plans	O
to	O
forge	O
alliances	O
with	O
world	O
-	O
famous	O
companies	O
.	O


In	O
1998	B-DATE
,	O
after	O
seeing	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
's	O
strategic	O
alliance	O
plan	O
,	O
Intel	B-ORG
joined	O
Inforian	B-ORG
as	O
a	O
strategic	O
partner	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
it	O
decided	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
stake	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
Intel	B-ORG
had	O
ever	O
invested	O
in	O
an	O
Asian	B-NORP
Internet	O
company	O
.	O


Inforian	B-ORG
,	O
or	O
pAsia	B-ORG
as	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
known	O
,	O
has	O
grown	O
from	O
four	B-CARDINAL
employees	O
to	O
a	O
staff	O
of	O
several	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
multinational	O
with	O
offices	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
on	O
the	O
mainland	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Internet	O
lifestyle	O


"	O
At	O
pAsia	B-ORG
we	O
emphasize	O
that	O
the	O
Internet	O
is	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
technological	O
art	O
that	O
allows	O
people	O
to	O
improve	O
their	O
lifestyle	O
,	O
"	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


"	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
work	O
of	O
art	O
that	O
requires	O
creativity	O
to	O
be	O
whole	O
.	O


The	O
Internet	O
is	O
part	O
software	O
,	O
part	O
media	O
,	O
part	O
databank	O
,	O
and	O
part	O
communications	O
device	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
best	O
possible	O
space	O
for	O
making	O
the	O
most	O
out	O
of	O
creativity	O
.	O


"	O
On	O
the	O
front	O
door	O
to	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
office	O
on	O
Hsinyi	B-LOC
Road	I-LOC
,	O
Leonardo	B-PERSON
DaVinci	I-PERSON
,	O
Albert	B-PERSON
Einstein	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
pAsia	B-ORG
logo	O
grace	O
each	O
other	O
with	O
their	O
respective	O
presences	O
.	O


Hsueh	B-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
those	O
two	B-CARDINAL
historical	O
figures	O
'	O
hard	O
work	O
and	O
creativity	O
changed	O
the	O
way	O
people	O
live	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
spirit	O
that	O
pAsia	B-ORG
wishes	O
to	O
project	O
.	O


As	O
far	O
as	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
is	O
concerned	O
,	O
the	O
Internet	O
is	O
both	O
a	O
tool	O
and	O
a	O
communications	O
platform	O
.	O


Internet	O
companies	O
,	O
she	O
believes	O
,	O
should	O
reflect	O
that	O
.	O


As	O
one	B-CARDINAL
such	O
company	O
,	O
pAsia	B-ORG
must	O
be	O
flexible	O
,	O
efficient	O
and	O
practice	O
what	O
it	O
preaches	O
.	O


The	O
intranet	O
at	O
pAsia	B-ORG
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
provides	O
chatrooms	O
,	O
vacation	O
request	O
forms	O
,	O
work	O
guidelines	O
,	O
business	O
travel	O
forms	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
a	O
bulletin	O
board	O
for	O
selling	O
workers	O
'	O
second	B-ORDINAL
-	O
hand	O
stuff	O
.	O


The	O
offices	O
have	O
neon	O
decorations	O
on	O
the	O
walls	O
and	O
a	O
hallway	O
that	O
is	O
no	O
less	O
stylish	O
than	O
a	O
haute	O
couture	O
catwalk	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
office	O
is	O
infused	O
with	O
a	O
modern	O
and	O
technological	O
sensibility	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
success	O
is	O
never	O
guaranteed	O
.	O


American	B-ORG
Tech	I-ORG
stocks	O
took	O
a	O
tumble	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
people	O
began	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
an	O
Internet	O
bubble	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
pAsia	B-ORG
has	O
had	O
trouble	O
obtaining	O
new	O
financing	O
and	O
has	O
seen	O
rapid	O
turnover	O
in	O
its	O
executive	O
ranks	O
,	O
while	O
rumors	O
have	O
circulated	O
about	O
its	O
IPO	O
application	O
being	O
rejected	O
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
holds	O
that	O
pAsia	B-ORG
has	O
a	O
clear	O
niche	O
and	O
is	O
very	O
adaptable	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
relatively	O
unaffected	O
by	O
the	O
economic	O
downturn	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
see	O
Heidi	B-PERSON
Hsueh	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
fresh	O
young	O
face	O
and	O
her	O
no	O
-	O
nonsense	O
approach	O
to	O
doing	O
business	O
,	O
you	O
quickly	O
understand	O
how	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
young	O
generation	O
are	O
realizing	O
their	O
revolutionary	O
ideas	O
about	O
lifestyle	O
and	O
career	O
through	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O


Bands	O
Make	O
Their	O
Mark	O


-LRB-	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
David	B-PERSON
Mayer	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
band	O
tradition	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
dates	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
military	O
forces	O
had	O
bases	O
on	O
the	O
island	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
de	O
rigueur	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
live	O
band	O
at	O
all	O
the	O
bars	O
frequented	O
by	O
American	B-NORP
soldiers	O
.	O


Veteran	O
radio	O
program	O
host	O
Tao	B-PERSON
Hsiao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ching	I-PERSON
recalls	O
that	O
when	O
she	O
wanted	O
to	O
organize	O
a	O
concert	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1960s	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
were	O
already	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
bands	O
to	O
choose	O
from	O
.	O


Apart	O
from	O
bands	O
that	O
worked	O
the	O
bars	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
others	O
that	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
pop	O
music	O
scene	O
.	O


One	O
example	O
was	O
"	O
The	B-ORG
Five	I-ORG
Flower	I-ORG
Petals	I-ORG
,	O
"	O
a	O
five	B-CARDINAL
-	O
girl	O
band	O
.	O


Lead	O
singer	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Mi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
mi	I-PERSON
had	O
a	O
very	O
sweet	O
voice	O
-LRB-	O
"	O
Mama	O
!	O
Mama	O
!	O
Give	O
me	O
a	O
guitar	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
"	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
nice	O
looking	O
too	O
.	O


But	O
the	B-ORG
Flower	I-ORG
Petals	I-ORG
were	O
n't	O
so	O
much	O
a	O
band	O
as	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
teen	O
idols	O
.	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
bands	O
appeared	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1960s	I-DATE
that	O
sang	O
mostly	O
Western	B-NORP
songs	O
.	O


Their	O
lead	O
singers	O
sometimes	O
got	O
noticed	O
by	O
music	O
companies	O
and	O
became	O
famous	O
singers	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
famous	O
ones	O
were	O
Huang	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ying	I-PERSON
,	O
Julie	B-PERSON
Su	I-PERSON
,	O
Kao	B-PERSON
Ling	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
feng	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Billy	B-PERSON
.	O


Campus	O
bands	O
across	O
the	O
island	O
began	O
writing	O
their	O
own	O
music	O
and	O
lyrics	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
.	O


Notable	O
examples	O
include	O
The	B-ORG
Travelers	I-ORG
and	O
Wood	B-ORG
Guitar	I-ORG
.	O


These	O
bands	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
folk	O
music	O
they	O
sang	O
,	O
reigned	O
supreme	O
on	O
into	O
the	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
until	O
the	O
sudden	O
rise	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
extremely	O
popular	O
rock	O
bands	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
notable	O
1980s	B-DATE
rock	O
bands	O
were	O
The	B-ORG
Chiu	I-ORG
Chiu	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
,	O
The	B-ORG
Red	I-ORG
Ants	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
several	O
bands	O
featuring	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Yueh	I-PERSON
.	O


Looking	O
back	O
on	O
the	O
origins	O
of	O
band	O
music	O
,	O
Tao	B-PERSON
Hsiao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ching	I-PERSON
attributes	O
its	O
popularity	O
to	O
the	O
albums	O
of	O
Lo	B-PERSON
Ta	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yu	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
many	O
proprietors	O
of	O
pubs	O
and	O
other	O
establishments	O
that	O
hire	O
live	O
music	O
started	O
putting	O
emphasis	O
on	O
"	O
the	O
band	O
sound	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
social	O
commentary	O
in	O
the	O
lyrics	O
of	O
these	O
songs	O
also	O
elicited	O
a	O
strong	O
response	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Tsu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
shou	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
senior	O
reporter	O
at	O
Minsheng	B-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
,	O
"	O
Youth	O
bands	O
were	O
so	O
popular	O
,	O
we	O
thought	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
that	O
we	O
had	O
entered	O
into	O
a	O
sort	O
of	O
'	O
Age	O
of	O
the	O
Band	O
,	O
'	O
but	O
it	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
short	O
-	O
lived	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
high	O
tide	O
of	O
band	O
music	O
spurred	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
many	O
student	O
bands	O
,	O
and	O
KHS	B-ORG
Musical	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
used	O
to	O
organize	O
an	O
annual	O
campus	O
rock	O
band	O
competition	O
where	O
many	O
singers	O
and	O
bands	O
got	O
their	O
first	B-ORDINAL
big	O
break	O
,	O
including	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
,	O
Tai	B-PERSON
Cheng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiao	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
The	B-ORG
Orient	I-ORG
Express	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
latter	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
composed	O
entirely	O
of	O
good	O
-	O
looking	O
guys	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
group	O
that	O
released	O
an	O
album	O
together	O
after	O
going	O
professional	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
while	O
Chang	B-PERSON
and	O
Tai	B-PERSON
opted	O
to	O
strike	O
out	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
as	O
solo	O
artists	O
.	O


As	O
Tao	B-PERSON
Hsiao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ching	I-PERSON
explains	O
,	O
band	O
music	O
only	O
appealed	O
to	O
a	O
limited	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
very	O
expensive	O
to	O
keep	O
a	O
band	O
operating	O
.	O


For	O
these	O
reasons	O
,	O
music	O
companies	O
preferred	O
to	O
sign	O
up	O
only	O
the	O
lead	O
singers	O
.	O


This	O
remained	O
the	O
prevailing	O
pattern	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
from	O
Kao	B-PERSON
Ling	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
feng	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
time	O
through	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
.	O


Then	O
China	B-ORG
,	O
Harlem	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
&	O
Ding	B-PERSON
Jian	I-PERSON
Pai	I-PERSON
Dang	I-PERSON
,	O
Baboo	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Bai	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
band	O
all	O
released	O
albums	O
in	O
1992	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
music	O
world	O
was	O
electrified	O
,	O
and	O
people	O
began	O
talking	O
once	O
again	O
about	O
the	O
arrival	O
of	O
"	O
the	O
Age	O
of	O
the	O
Band	O
,	O
"	O
but	O
the	O
market	O
for	O
this	O
music	O
was	O
still	O
weak	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
albums	O
that	O
became	O
a	O
big	O
hit	O
was	O
Harlem	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
&	O
Ding	B-PERSON
Jian	I-PERSON
Pai	I-PERSON
Dang	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
this	O
album	O
's	O
strong	O
sales	O
were	O
due	O
in	O
large	O
part	O
to	O
the	O
fame	O
of	O
the	O
singer	O
,	O
Harlem	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
.	O


Wu	B-PERSON
Bai	I-PERSON
,	O
in	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
held	O
fast	O
to	O
his	O
rock	O
style	O
and	O
struggled	O
into	O
the	B-DATE
mid-90s	I-DATE
.	O


Then	O
,	O
playing	O
to	O
small	O
pub	O
audiences	O
,	O
he	O
finally	O
hooked	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
band	O
called	O
China	B-ORG
Blue	I-ORG
and	O
rocketed	O
to	O
immense	O
popularity	O
as	O
locally	O
rooted	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
culture	O
began	O
to	O
take	O
on	O
a	O
certain	O
cachet	O
.	O


The	O
success	O
of	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Bai	I-PERSON
&	O
China	B-ORG
Blue	I-ORG
has	O
rested	O
primarily	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
on	O
Wu	B-PERSON
's	O
reputation	O
as	O
a	O
singer	O
and	O
songwriter	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
band	O
has	O
played	O
more	O
of	O
a	O
supporting	O
role	O
.	O


Amidst	O
this	O
rebirth	O
of	O
youth	O
bands	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
very	O
interesting	O
undercurrent	O
.	O


Groupie	B-ORG
,	O
LTK	B-ORG
Commune	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
a	O
raft	O
of	O
other	O
underground	O
bands	O
have	O
quietly	O
been	O
carving	O
out	O
a	O
niche	O
for	O
themselves	O
in	O
the	O
pub	O
scene	O
.	O


Both	O
mainstream	O
and	O
non-mainstream	O
music	O
companies	O
-LRB-	O
such	O
as	O
Friendly	B-ORG
Dog	I-ORG
and	O
Crystal	B-ORG
Records	I-ORG
,	O
respectively	O
-RRB-	O
have	O
begun	O
to	O
release	O
their	O
albums	O
,	O
thus	O
giving	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
enthusiasts	O
ample	O
opportunity	O
to	O
keep	O
up	O
to	O
date	O
with	O
the	O
unde	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
"	O
Knowledge	O
-	O
Based	O
"	O
Economy	O
,	O
Stupid	O
!	O


-LRB-	O
Laura	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Jimmy	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Newell	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


A	O
saying	O
has	O
it	O
that	O
"	O
knowledge	O
is	O
power	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
here	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
turn	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
people	O
are	O
discovering	O
that	O
knowledge	O
is	O
more	O
than	O
just	O
power	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
profit	O
.	O


Responding	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
realities	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
has	O
put	O
forward	O
a	O
plan	O
to	O
develop	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
"	O
which	O
aims	O
to	O
double	O
per	O
capita	O
income	O
within	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
plan	O
embraces	O
the	O
long-term	O
economic	O
goals	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
administration	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
is	O
covered	O
under	O
the	O
rubric	O
of	O
developing	O
the	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
?	O


What	O
conditions	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
be	O
successful	O
?	O


Does	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
meet	O
these	O
criteria	O
?	O


Did	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
knowledge	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
has	O
been	O
produced	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
half	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
since	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
?	O


And	O
in	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
what	O
we	O
know	O
today	B-DATE
will	O
be	O
only	O
one	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
knowledge	O
bank	O
of	O
our	O
children	O
!	O


"	O
It	O
is	O
estimated	O
that	O
the	O
pool	O
of	O
human	O
knowledge	O
doubled	O
once	O
every	O
fifty	B-CARDINAL
years	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
19th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
about	O
once	O
every	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
years	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


Now	O
it	O
doubles	O
once	O
every	O
three	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
years	O
,	O
"	O
notes	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Se-hwa	I-PERSON
,	O
dean	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
school	O
at	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchi	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
explosive	O
growth	O
of	O
information	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
distinctive	O
feature	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
has	O
brought	O
sweeping	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
political	O
,	O
social	O
,	O
and	O
economic	O
structure	O
.	O


Profit	O
defines	O
value	O


In	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
shortly	O
after	O
US	B-GPE
president	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
took	O
office	O
,	O
he	O
declared	O
that	O
emphasis	O
should	O
be	O
placed	O
on	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
and	O
on	O
creating	O
a	O
"	O
new	O
economy	O
.	O
"	O


It	O
turns	O
out	O
that	O
these	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
have	O
been	O
a	O
golden	O
age	O
of	O
high	O
economic	O
growth	O
,	O
falling	O
unemployment	O
,	O
and	O
stable	O
prices	O
.	O


In	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
OECD	B-ORG
coined	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
many	O
governments	O
have	O
jumped	O
on	O
the	O
bandwagon	O
since	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
call	O
it	O
the	O
"	O
new	O
economy	O
"	O
or	O
the	O
"	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
"	O
or	O
whatever	O
,	O
but	O
what	O
is	O
it	O
really	O
?	O


How	O
can	O
such	O
an	O
economy	O
be	O
created	O
?	O


Because	O
each	O
country	O
has	O
different	O
development	O
needs	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
different	O
answers	O
to	O
these	O
questions	O
.	O


Wu	B-PERSON
Se-hwa	I-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
"	O
refers	O
to	O
any	O
economic	O
activity	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
production	O
or	O
application	O
of	O
knowledge	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
"	O
knowledge	O
"	O
includes	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
technology	O
,	O
patents	O
,	O
management	O
know-how	O
,	O
and	O
individual	O
creations	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
how	O
profound	O
or	O
esoteric	O
the	O
knowledge	O
may	O
be	O
;	O
what	O
matters	O
most	O
is	O
turning	O
that	O
knowledge	O
into	O
a	O
product	O
which	O
can	O
earn	O
a	O
profit	O
.	O


Looking	O
back	O
at	O
the	O
economic	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
,	O
in	O
16th	B-DATE
century	I-DATE
society	O
,	O
agricultural	O
products	O
were	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
wealth	O
and	O
power	O
.	O


Whoever	O
had	O
the	O
most	O
,	O
and	O
most	O
fertile	O
,	O
land	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
dominant	O
position	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
industrial	O
age	O
,	O
capitalists	O
who	O
commanded	O
the	O
wealth	O
to	O
buy	O
machinery	O
and	O
hire	O
workers	O
,	O
or	O
who	O
owned	O
critical	O
resources	O
like	O
coal	O
and	O
oil	O
,	O
replaced	O
landowners	O
as	O
the	O
dominant	O
figures	O
in	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O


But	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
whoever	O
owns	O
systematized	O
knowledge	O
will	O
win	O
out	O
over	O
his	O
or	O
her	O
competitors	O
.	O


When	O
Lester	B-PERSON
Thurow	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
economist	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Massachusetts	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
,	O
came	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
give	O
a	O
lecture	O
a	B-DATE
half	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
pointed	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Microsoft	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
as	O
a	O
prime	O
example	O
:	O
Microsoft	B-ORG
owns	O
no	O
farmland	O
,	O
no	O
oil	O
fields	O
,	O
no	O
expensive	O
and	O
sophisticated	O
factories	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
shops	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
.	O


Its	O
product	O
fits	O
onto	O
a	O
tiny	O
microchip	O
.	O


Yet	O
this	O
company	O
,	O
relying	O
only	O
on	O
the	O
brainpower	O
of	O
several	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
engineers	O
sitting	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
computers	O
writing	O
programs	O
,	O
has	O
earned	O
billions	B-MONEY
upon	I-MONEY
billions	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
for	O
owner	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Gates	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
is	O
estimated	O
that	O
300	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
persons	O
use	O
Microsoft	B-ORG
Windows	B-PRODUCT
each	O
day	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
with	O
annual	O
revenues	O
reaching	O
US$	B-MONEY
25	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Knowledge	O
petrie	O
dish	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
discovered	O
much	O
knowledge	O
and	O
invented	O
much	O
technology	O
,	O
but	O
,	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
Confucian	B-NORP
belief	O
that	O
profit	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
worthy	O
application	O
of	O
wisdom	O
,	O
never	O
converted	O
these	O
into	O
commercial	O
products	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
dramatic	O
global	O
economic	O
transformation	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
choice	O
but	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
turn	O
knowledge	O
into	O
profit	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
thing	O
that	O
links	O
knowledge	O
with	O
profit	O
is	O
information	O
technology	O
-LRB-	O
IT	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Hsu	B-PERSON
Wen-hsing	I-PERSON
,	O
founder	O
of	O
Smartek	B-ORG
Engineering	I-ORG
,	O
whose	O
company	O
has	O
twice	O
won	O
national	O
awards	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
for	O
its	O
fingerprint	O
verification	O
device	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
human	O
history	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
information	O
.	O


When	O
Marco	B-PERSON
Polo	I-PERSON
visited	O
the	O
East	B-LOC
in	O
the	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
if	O
he	O
had	O
not	O
left	O
a	O
written	O
account	O
of	O
his	O
travels	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
virtually	O
wasted	O
trip	O
.	O


The	O
recent	O
enthusiasm	O
for	O
the	O
Taipei	B-GPE
exhibition	O
of	O
terracotta	O
warriors	O
from	O
Xi'an	B-GPE
is	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
these	O
long	O
-	O
buried	O
figures	O
contain	O
information	O
about	O
mysteries	O
dating	O
back	O
2000	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Hsu	B-PERSON
Wen-hsing	I-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
information	O
was	O
always	O
tied	O
to	O
material	O
objects	O
,	O
and	O
remained	O
in	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
the	O
few	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
material	O
objects	O
disappeared	O
,	O
so	O
did	O
the	O
information	O
they	O
contained	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
IT	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
history	O
information	O
can	O
be	O
forever	O
stored	O
in	O
huge	O
volume	O
,	O
ready	O
and	O
waiting	O
to	O
be	O
manipulated	O
,	O
exchanged	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
sent	O
across	O
great	O
distances	O
.	O


IT	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
petrie	O
dish	O
.	O


Information	O
cells	O
swim	O
around	O
in	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
divide	O
,	O
recombine	O
,	O
reproduce	O
,	O
and	O
copy	O
themselves	O
without	O
limit	O
,	O
opening	O
up	O
entirely	O
new	O
possibilities	O
for	O
the	O
accumulation	O
and	O
application	O
of	O
knowledge	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
computers	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
finding	O
numbers	O
hidden	O
under	O
or	O
scattered	O
throughout	O
a	O
huge	O
pile	O
of	O
data	O
which	O
is	O
impenetrable	O
to	O
the	O
human	O
brain	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
analyze	O
and	O
clarify	O
these	O
numbers	O
into	O
useful	O
know-how	O
.	O


"	O
One	B-CARDINAL
order	O
form	O
is	O
not	O
information	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
computer	O
to	O
save	O
,	O
connect	O
,	O
and	O
search	O
individual	O
order	O
forms	O
,	O
one	O
can	O
draw	O
a	O
thread	O
through	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
discern	O
their	O
regularities	O
and	O
variations	O
.	O


Now	O
that	O
's	O
knowledge	O
,	O
"	O
declares	O
Simon	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Acer	B-ORG
CyberCenter	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
.	O


At	O
a	O
glance	O
you	O
can	O
find	O
information	O
such	O
as	O
regional	O
and	O
seasonal	O
variations	O
in	O
sales	O
,	O
or	O
market	O
acceptance	O
of	O
a	O
given	O
product	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
problem	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
identified	O
immediately	O
,	O
avoiding	O
guesswork	O
and	O
wasted	O
time	O
.	O


Everyone	O
a	O
multibillionaire	O
!	O


In	O
the	O
information	O
world	O
,	O
everyone	O
is	O
equal	O
.	O


Though	O
huge	O
multinational	O
corporations	O
may	O
have	O
an	O
edge	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
information	O
technology	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
rapid	O
growth	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
,	O
'	O
little	O
guys	O
'	O
whom	O
no	O
one	O
has	O
ever	O
heard	O
of	O
before	O
-	O
relying	O
only	O
on	O
programming	O
ability	O
,	O
creativity	O
,	O
and	O
hard	O
work	O
-	O
have	O
had	O
the	O
space	O
to	O
bring	O
their	O
talents	O
into	O
play	O
.	O


The	O
best	O
-	O
known	O
example	O
is	O
Yahoo	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
web	O
portal	O
.	O


It	O
all	O
started	O
with	O
two	O
Stanford	B-ORG
PhD	O
students	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
categorize	O
the	O
websites	O
online	O
,	O
who	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
great	O
idea	O
for	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
make	O
finding	O
information	O
easier	O
for	O
Internet	O
users	O
.	O


With	O
this	O
idea	O
,	O
after	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
hard	O
work	O
,	O
today	O
Yahoo	B-ORG
has	O
a	O
market	O
value	O
of	O
US$	B-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
profits	O
have	O
grown	O
at	O
a	O
rate	O
of	O
9800	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
which	O
has	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
record	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
though	O
knowledge	O
may	O
be	O
profitable	O
,	O
its	O
value	O
is	O
subject	O
to	O
severe	O
fluctuation	O
.	O


George	B-PERSON
Tsao	I-PERSON
,	O
assistant	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Knowledge	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
at	O
Winbond	B-ORG
Electronics	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	O
notes	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
you	O
could	O
determine	O
the	O
worth	O
of	O
a	O
company	O
by	O
adding	O
up	O
its	O
fixed	O
assets	O
-LRB-	O
such	O
as	O
land	O
and	O
factories	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
liquid	O
assets	O
-LRB-	O
such	O
as	O
cash	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
with	O
each	O
calculable	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
last	O
penny	O
.	O


But	O
knowledge	O
is	O
intangible	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
different	O
software	O
packages	O
burned	O
onto	O
identical	O
chips	O
can	O
have	O
grossly	O
different	O
values	O
.	O


Sometimes	O
it	O
all	O
depends	O
on	O
luck	O
or	O
fads	O
.	O


The	O
dramatic	O
rise	O
and	O
fall	O
of	O
US	B-GPE
software	O
stocks	O
this	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
reflects	O
the	O
difficulty	O
of	O
assessing	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
knowledge	O
.	O


Wu	B-PERSON
Se-hwa	I-PERSON
points	O
to	O
Intel	B-ORG
as	O
a	O
prime	O
example	O
of	O
how	O
knowledge	O
can	O
"	O
convert	O
silicon	O
to	O
gold	O
.	O
"	O


A	O
name	O
-	O
card	O
sized	O
CPU	O
is	O
in	O
fact	O
just	O
a	O
chipboard	O
with	O
complicated	O
circuitry	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
unit	O
cost	O
of	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
US$	I-MONEY
35	I-MONEY
.	O


But	O
because	O
it	O
includes	O
unique	O
information	O
that	O
makes	O
the	O
computer	O
run	O
,	O
and	O
carries	O
the	O
authority	O
of	O
"	O
Intel	O
inside	O
,	O
"	O
it	O
can	O
fetch	O
over	O
US$	O
1000	B-MONEY
in	O
the	O
marketplace	O
,	O
many	O
times	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
production	O
.	O


What	O
about	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
?	O


Clearly	O
there	O
is	O
already	O
a	O
global	O
trend	O
in	O
which	O
an	O
information	O
economy	O
is	O
taking	O
shape	O
.	O


What	O
advantages	O
does	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
for	O
playing	O
a	O
larger	O
role	O
in	O
this	O
realm	O
?	O


Simon	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
left	O
the	O
job	O
of	O
director	O
of	O
planning	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
only	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
to	O
enter	O
the	O
private	O
sector	O
,	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
basically	O
deals	O
in	O
information	O
technology	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
IT	O
industry	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
profitable	O
region	O
in	O
the	O
emerging	O
geography	O
of	O
the	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
currently	O
ranks	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
in	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
value	O
of	O
IT	O
production	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
include	O
the	O
plants	O
established	O
by	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
investors	O
across	O
the	O
globe	O
,	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
-	O
controlled	O
firms	O
lead	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
manufacturing	O
of	O
IT	O
hardware	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
solid	O
manufacturing	O
base	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
pool	O
of	O
high	O
quality	O
human	O
resources	O
on	O
which	O
it	O
can	O
rely	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
strong	O
education	O
system	O
.	O


The	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
recent	O
international	O
survey	O
measuring	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
junior	O
high	O
school	O
students	O
in	O
natural	O
sciences	O
and	O
math	O
show	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
kids	O
finished	O
first	B-ORDINAL
in	O
the	O
former	O
and	O
third	B-ORDINAL
-LRB-	O
behind	O
only	O
Singapore	B-GPE
and	O
Korea	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
in	O
the	O
latter	O
.	O


Alice	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
,	O
CEO	O
of	O
CyberLink	B-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	O
whose	O
firm	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
much	O
-	O
coveted	O
new	O
entry	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
and	O
has	O
drawn	O
international	O
attention	O
with	O
audio-visual	O
software	O
like	O
Power	B-PRODUCT
DVD	I-PRODUCT
and	O
Talking	B-PRODUCT
Show	I-PRODUCT
,	O
says	O
:	O
"	O
Talented	O
people	O
are	O
at	O
the	O
root	O
of	O
knowledge	O
.	O
"	O


AV	O
software	O
is	O
very	O
difficult	O
to	O
produce	O
,	O
and	O
staff	O
must	O
have	O
a	O
solid	O
grounding	O
in	O
math	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
where	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
at	O
an	O
advantage	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
though	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
its	O
strong	O
points	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
also	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
problems	O
and	O
shortcomings	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
thing	O
to	O
consider	O
,	O
says	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Se-hwa	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
is	O
this	O
:	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
is	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
most	O
suited	O
to	O
?	O
"	O


Wu	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
right	O
now	O
what	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
focusing	O
on	O
and	O
what	O
stock	O
market	O
players	O
most	O
hope	O
for	O
is	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
-	O
style	O
"	O
new	O
economy	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
focus	O
is	O
on	O
new	O
industries	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
software	O
and	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
or	O
communications	O
technology	O
,	O
fiber	O
-	O
optics	O
,	O
biotechnology	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
like	O
.	O


But	O
can	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
model	O
be	O
reproduced	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
?	O


There	O
is	O
little	O
reason	O
to	O
be	O
optimistic	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
economy	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
depends	O
heavily	O
,	O
for	O
one	O
thing	O
,	O
on	O
a	O
deep	O
foundation	O
of	O
basic	O
scientific	O
research	O
,	O
which	O
comes	O
up	O
with	O
revolutionary	O
products	O
like	O
genetically	O
modified	O
foods	O
.	O


Another	O
key	O
factor	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
mechanism	O
for	O
innovation	O
and	O
entrepreneurship	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
new	O
ideas	O
have	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
be	O
brought	O
into	O
play	O
.	O


The	O
rapid	O
growth	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
economy	O
has	O
driven	O
a	O
decade	O
-	O
long	O
economic	O
boom	O
in	O
the	O
States	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
old	O
manufacturing	O
economy	O
has	O
naturally	O
been	O
trimmed	O
back	O
,	O
with	O
factories	O
relocating	O
overseas	O
,	O
but	O
American	B-NORP
firms	O
can	O
depend	O
on	O
the	O
rights	O
to	O
technology	O
to	O
earn	O
a	O
profit	O
.	O


Pearl	B-PERSON
Tan	I-PERSON
,	O
public	O
relations	O
manager	O
at	O
Applied	B-ORG
Materials	I-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
the	O
giant	O
US	B-GPE
semiconductor	O
equipment	O
manufacturer	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
name	O
,	O
points	O
to	O
a	O
prime	O
example	O
:	O
DRAM	O
,	O
the	O
hottest	O
industry	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
monopoly	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
firm	O
Texas	B-ORG
Instruments	I-ORG
.	O


Tan	B-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
although	O
DRAM	O
factories	O
are	O
closing	O
one	B-CARDINAL
after	O
another	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
patent	O
royalties	O
must	O
still	O
be	O
paid	O
to	O
Texas	B-ORG
Instruments	O
for	O
each	O
and	O
every	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
DRAMs	O
produced	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
annually	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
classic	O
"	O
knowledge	O
goose	O
that	O
lays	O
golden	O
eggs	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
new	O
economy	O
is	O
a	O
weapon	O
by	O
which	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
dominates	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
with	O
"	O
the	O
export	O
of	O
knowledge	O
"	O
replacing	O
the	O
export	O
of	O
goods	O
.	O


Yet	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
world	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
export	O
more	O
technology	O
than	O
they	O
import	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
only	O
these	O
three	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
have	O
a	O
surplus	O
in	O
"	O
knowledge	O
trade	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
can	O
make	O
money	O
by	O
selling	O
knowledge	O
.	O


Of	O
these	O
three	B-CARDINAL
,	O
US	B-GPE
income	O
from	O
selling	O
technology	O
is	O
four	B-CARDINAL
times	O
the	O
amount	O
it	O
spends	O
buying	O
technology	O
elsewhere	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
earns	O
enough	O
each	O
year	O
in	O
patent	O
royalties	O
to	O
balance	O
its	O
enormous	O
deficit	O
in	O
manufactured	O
goods	O
.	O


In	O
contrast	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
still	O
showing	O
a	O
nasty	O
deficit	O
in	O
knowledge	O
trade	O
,	O
with	O
money	O
going	O
out	O
twice	O
as	O
fast	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
coming	O
in	O
.	O


The	O
impressive	O
American	B-NORP
model	O
would	O
certainly	O
be	O
difficult	O
to	O
apply	O
to	O
the	O
small	O
"	O
shallow	O
"	O
economy	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
Ko	B-PERSON
Chen-en	I-PERSON
,	O
dean	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
College	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
at	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
puts	O
it	O
:	O
"	O
You	O
merely	O
have	O
to	O
ask	O
how	O
many	O
Nobel	B-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
winners	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
-	O
not	O
many	O
-	O
and	O
you	O
know	O
its	O
real	O
ability	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
economic	O
model	O
.	O
"	O


Ko	B-PERSON
relates	O
that	O
"	O
high-risk	O
and	O
high-profit	O
"	O
revolutionary	O
new	O
technologies	O
can	O
normally	O
only	O
be	O
created	O
with	O
enormous	O
financial	O
backing	O
.	O


In	O
1999	B-DATE
,	O
total	O
expenditures	O
on	O
R&D	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
by	O
both	O
the	O
government	O
and	O
private	O
sector	O
were	O
a	O
mere	O
NT$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
about	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
less	O
than	O
was	O
spent	O
by	O
IBM	B-ORG
alone	O
.	O


Slow	O
improvement	O


In	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
"	O
picking	O
stars	O
from	O
the	O
sky	O
"	O
US	B-GPE
model	O
,	O
says	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Se-hwa	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
the	O
European	B-NORP
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
concept	O
is	O
closer	O
to	O
what	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
needs	O
.	O
"	O


As	O
Wu	B-PERSON
explains	O
,	O
the	O
OECD	B-ORG
definition	O
of	O
the	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
embraces	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
industries	O
,	O
from	O
Italian	B-NORP
shoes	O
to	O
Dutch	B-NORP
flowers	O
.	O


Any	O
industry	O
that	O
increases	O
its	O
knowledge	O
component	O
,	O
using	O
knowledge	O
to	O
improve	O
management	O
,	O
innovate	O
,	O
or	O
improve	O
quality	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
knowledge	O
industry	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
much	O
more	O
practical	O
ambition	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
high	O
proportion	O
of	O
traditional	O
industry	O
and	O
is	O
extremely	O
dependent	O
on	O
OEM	O
manufacturing	O
to	O
make	O
money	O
.	O


In	O
1998	B-DATE
Taiwan	B-GPE
had	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
4500	I-CARDINAL
patents	O
approved	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
ranking	O
fourth	O
.	O


But	O
not	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
were	O
for	O
original	O
discoveries	O
;	O
most	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
category	O
of	O
improvements	O
of	O
old	O
ideas	O
,	O
mainly	O
ways	O
to	O
increase	O
efficiency	O
in	O
the	O
manufacturing	O
process	O
.	O


Innovations	O
that	O
are	O
improvements	O
require	O
less	O
money	O
for	O
R&D	O
,	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
require	O
genius-like	O
creativity	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
primarily	O
by	O
devoting	O
more	O
attention	O
to	O
a	O
specific	O
problem	O
.	O


S.T.	B-PERSON
Day	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Small	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Medium	I-ORG
Enterprises	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
ROC	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
San	I-ORG
Sun	I-ORG
Hat	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Cap	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
takes	O
the	O
following	O
case	O
in	O
point	O
:	O
On	O
most	O
caps	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
"	O
eyelet	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
stitching	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
different	O
machine	O
designs	O
,	O
the	O
gap	O
can	O
be	O
80	B-CARDINAL
,	O
90	B-CARDINAL
,	O
or	O
100	B-CARDINAL
stitches	O
,	O
creating	O
problems	O
for	O
quality	O
control	O
.	O


San	B-ORG
Sun	I-ORG
created	O
a	O
computer	O
program	O
that	O
ensures	O
that	O
machines	O
leave	O
a	O
uniform	O
gap	O
of	O
95	B-CARDINAL
stitches	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
gets	O
the	O
machines	O
to	O
tie	O
a	O
lovely	O
knot	O
when	O
the	O
sticthcing	O
is	O
completed	O
.	O


This	O
seemingly	O
small	O
improvement	O
actually	O
allows	O
the	O
firm	O
to	O
charge	O
double	O
the	O
unit	O
price	O
per	O
hat	O
.	O


Day	B-PERSON
has	O
factories	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Dominica	B-GPE
.	O


Wages	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
are	O
15	B-CARDINAL
times	O
greater	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
100	B-CARDINAL
times	O
greater	O
than	O
in	O
Burma	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
If	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
workers	O
just	O
make	O
hats	O
and	O
do	O
nothing	O
else	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
pay	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
higher	O
quality	O
,	O
these	O
workers	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
their	O
own	O
ideas	O
for	O
improving	O
the	O
production	O
process	O
,	O
then	O
they	O
are	O
worth	O
it	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Day	B-PERSON
with	O
the	O
voice	O
of	O
experience	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
that	O
in	O
assessing	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
employees	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
more	O
than	O
just	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
product	O
;	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
also	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
its	O
"	O
intelligence	O
"	O
value	O
.	O


San	B-ORG
Sun	I-ORG
insists	O
it	O
will	O
not	O
lay	O
off	O
any	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
workers	O
,	O
nor	O
will	O
it	O
hire	O
foreign	O
laborers	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
its	O
sales	O
have	O
not	O
suffered	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
orders	O
through	O
October	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
showed	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


VIA	B-ORG
con	O
dios	O


VIA	B-ORG
Technologies	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
stock	O
market	O
powerhouse	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
which	O
has	O
made	O
a	O
tremendous	O
impact	O
in	O
the	O
chipset	O
market	O
these	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
which	O
is	O
even	O
threatening	O
the	O
dominant	O
position	O
of	O
Intel	B-ORG
,	O
has	O
adopted	O
a	O
different	O
strategy	O
for	O
gradually	O
expanding	O
its	O
territory	O
.	O


William	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
works	O
in	O
public	O
relations	O
at	O
VIA	B-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
chipsets	O
is	O
a	O
high	O
risk	O
activity	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
boom	O
in	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
stock	O
market	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
company	O
went	O
on	O
a	O
binge	O
of	O
hiring	O
,	O
acquisitions	O
,	O
and	O
strategic	O
alliances	O
,	O
expanding	O
in	O
size	O
rapidly	O
.	O


Lee	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
VIA	B-ORG
's	O
chipsets	O
were	O
designed	O
completely	O
to	O
support	O
Intel	B-ORG
specification	O
CPUs	O
.	O


In	O
1998	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
Intel	B-ORG
insisted	O
on	O
sticking	O
with	O
expensive	O
Rambus	B-ORG
memory	O
chips	O
despite	O
a	O
poor	O
market	O
response	O
,	O
VIA	B-ORG
saw	O
its	O
opportunity	O
:	O


It	O
began	O
promoting	O
use	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
P133	I-PRODUCT
memory	I-PRODUCT
chip	I-PRODUCT
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
created	O
by	O
an	O
international	O
consortium	O
and	O
was	O
provided	O
to	O
factories	O
free	O
of	O
charge	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
VIA	B-ORG
had	O
challenged	O
the	O
"	O
big	O
boss	O
,	O
"	O
Intel	B-ORG
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
latter	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1999	I-DATE
,	O
VIA	B-ORG
acquired	O
two	B-CARDINAL
CPU	O
companies	O
in	O
the	O
States	B-GPE
,	O
giving	O
it	O
an	O
independent	O
ability	O
to	O
develop	O
CPUs	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
half	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
it	O
entered	O
into	O
cooperation	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
graphics	O
powerhouse	O
S3	O
to	O
make	O
graphics	O
chips	O
.	O


In	O
these	O
ways	O
,	O
VIA	B-ORG
is	O
moving	O
step	O
by	O
step	O
to	O
enlarge	O
its	O
intellectual	O
holdings	O
.	O


"	O
You	O
have	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
technology	O
already	O
on	O
hand	O
before	O
you	O
can	O
start	O
talking	O
about	O
systematic	O
integration	O
and	O
trying	O
out	O
major	O
innovations	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Lee	B-PERSON
.	O


It	O
is	O
only	O
now	O
that	O
VIA	B-ORG
can	O
escape	O
from	O
the	O
specifications	O
dictated	O
by	O
large	O
multinational	O
firms	O
,	O
and	O
create	O
innovative	O
products	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
.	O


To	O
meet	O
future	O
market	O
demand	O
for	O
home	O
appliances	O
that	O
are	O
inexpensive	O
,	O
multi-functional	O
,	O
and	O
portable	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
direction	O
will	O
be	O
to	O
get	O
all	O
the	O
functions	O
on	O
to	O
a	O
single	O
chip	O
.	O


VIA	B-ORG
has	O
designed	O
a	O
new	O
3	B-CARDINAL
-	O
in	O
-	O
1	B-CARDINAL
chipset	O
which	O
includes	O
CPU	O
,	O
memory	O
,	O
and	O
graphics	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
formally	O
hit	O
the	O
market	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
2001	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
Lee	B-PERSON
reveals	O
:	O
"	O
No	O
one	O
has	O
ever	O
done	O
this	O
before	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
trying	O
something	O
new	O
.	O
"	O


Save	O
the	O
idiots	O
!	O


Nonetheless	O
,	O
knowledge	O
and	O
creativity	O
are	O
intangible	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
always	O
easy	O
to	O
determine	O
ownership	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
especially	O
problematic	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
some	O
people	O
still	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
very	O
clear	O
idea	O
about	O
intellectual	O
property	O
rights	O
,	O
and	O
legal	O
protections	O
are	O
less	O
than	O
comprehensive	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
potential	O
problem	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
Many	O
innovations	O
just	O
represent	O
going	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
further	O
in	O
thinking	O
about	O
a	O
problem	O
than	O
the	O
other	O
guys	O
,	O
and	O
once	O
the	O
secret	O
is	O
uncovered	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
easy	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
copy	O
the	O
idea	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Simon	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
most	O
famous	O
example	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
involves	O
a	O
certain	O
company	O
that	O
wanted	O
to	O
create	O
information	O
systems	O
like	O
storage	O
and	O
document	O
handling	O
.	O


It	O
invited	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
information	O
industry	O
firms	O
to	O
give	O
briefings	O
on	O
their	O
products	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
while	O
,	O
this	O
former	O
"	O
outsider	O
"	O
became	O
an	O
insider	O
,	O
and	O
created	O
its	O
own	O
product	O
,	O
congratulating	O
itself	O
on	O
saving	O
so	O
much	O
money	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
.	O


Simon	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
a	O
major	O
innovation	O
usually	O
is	O
nested	O
in	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
small	O
innovations	O
.	O


If	O
small	O
innovations	O
are	O
not	O
recognized	O
,	O
or	O
do	O
not	O
get	O
appropriate	O
market	O
rewards	O
,	O
this	O
will	O
destroy	O
the	O
motivation	O
to	O
innovate	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
precisely	O
the	O
problem	O
now	O
being	O
faced	O
by	O
Comdek	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
company	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
produce	O
medical	O
instruments	O
such	O
as	O
blood	O
-	O
oxygen	O
monitors	O
and	O
ear	O
thermometers	O
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
Y.S.	I-PERSON
Kuo	I-PERSON
,	O
general	O
manager	O
at	O
Comdek	B-ORG
,	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
quick	O
and	O
easy	O
process	O
of	O
taking	O
body	O
temperature	O
through	O
the	O
ear	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
company	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
German	B-NORP
giant	O
Boehringer-Ingelheim	B-ORG
paid	O
a	O
huge	O
amount	O
of	O
money	O
for	O
the	O
patent	O
so	O
they	O
could	O
begin	O
production	O
.	O


Comdek	B-ORG
took	O
the	O
basic	O
principle	O
,	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
it	O
,	O
eventually	O
coming	O
up	O
with	O
their	O
own	O
version	O
,	O
for	O
which	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
awarded	O
a	O
patent	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
Comdek	B-ORG
's	O
product	O
came	O
out	O
,	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Kuo	I-PERSON
still	O
found	O
himself	O
in	O
a	O
vicious	O
struggle	O
with	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
pirate	O
firms	O
:	O
"	O
It	O
's	O
equivalent	O
to	O
making	O
fools	O
out	O
of	O
those	O
of	O
us	O
who	O
invest	O
the	O
money	O
to	O
do	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
!	O
"	O


Kuo	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
while	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
some	O
improvement	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
with	O
regard	O
to	O
protection	O
of	O
intellectual	O
property	O
rights	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
not	O
enough	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
invest	O
in	O
development	O
and	O
innovation	O
.	O


Comdek	B-ORG
has	O
closed	O
its	O
laboratory	O
and	O
production	O
line	O
to	O
any	O
outside	O
visits	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
not	O
ruled	O
out	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
moving	O
its	O
lab	O
overseas	O
to	O
get	O
away	O
from	O
industrial	O
espionage	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Looking	O
for	O
a	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
McDonald	B-ORG
's	O


Espionage	O
reflects	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
respect	O
for	O
knowledge	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
insufficient	O
awareness	O
of	O
the	O
potential	O
value	O
of	O
knowledge	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
,	O
as	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Se-hwa	I-PERSON
says	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
firms	O
"	O
are	O
sitting	O
on	O
a	O
mountain	O
of	O
gold	O
,	O
but	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
sell	O
what	O
they	O
know	O
for	O
hard	O
cash	O
.	O
"	O


"	O
The	O
most	O
'	O
classic	O
'	O
form	O
of	O
knowledge	O
product	O
is	O
one	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
intangible	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
knowledge	O
transcends	O
the	O
tangible	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
product	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
reproduced	O
in	O
large	O
volume	O
at	O
low	O
cost	O
,	O
thus	O
earning	O
huge	O
profits	O
.	O
"	O


Wu	B-PERSON
points	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
coffee	O
shop	O
chain	O
Starbucks	B-ORG
.	O


Can	O
they	O
really	O
make	O
huge	O
profits	O
just	O
by	O
selling	O
cups	O
of	O
coffee	O
for	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
bucks	O
?	O


Of	O
course	O
not	O
.	O


The	O
headquarters	O
company	O
in	O
fact	O
spends	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
time	O
handling	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
franchise	O
rights	O
worldwide	O
.	O


What	O
Starbucks	B-ORG
sells	O
is	O
not	O
coffee	O
,	O
but	O
"	O
the	O
knowledge	O
of	O
how	O
to	O
run	O
a	O
coffee	O
shop	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
same	O
logic	O
applies	O
to	O
McDonalds	B-ORG
:	O


Who	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
draw	O
their	O
"	O
golden	O
arches	O
"	O
trademark	O
?	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
require	O
any	O
great	O
wisdom	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
bright	O
and	O
clean	O
store	O
with	O
fast	O
-	O
food	O
service	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
you	O
link	O
this	O
simple	O
product	O
together	O
with	O
a	O
trademark	O
,	O
powerful	O
name	O
recognition	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
quality	O
control	O
,	O
the	O
result	O
has	O
swept	O
the	O
globe	O
.	O


Now	O
over	B-CARDINAL
20,000	I-CARDINAL
franchises	O
worldwide	O
work	O
to	O
expand	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
territory	O
while	O
the	O
headquarters	O
takes	O
0.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
operating	O
revenues	O
as	O
its	O
share	O
for	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
franchise	O
lasts	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
as	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
firms	O
have	O
increasingly	O
invested	O
abroad	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
experience	O
"	O
has	O
penetrated	O
deeply	O
into	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
and	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
both	O
the	O
manufacturing	O
and	O
service	O
sectors	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
businessmen	O
have	O
proven	O
adept	O
at	O
flexibly	O
adapting	O
to	O
local	O
society	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
methods	O
are	O
well	O
understood	O
and	O
widely	O
copied	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
investors	O
are	O
being	O
dropped	O
by	O
their	O
local	O
partners	O
.	O


"	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
companies	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
how	O
to	O
ensure	O
their	O
earnings	O
from	O
management	O
knowledge	O
and	O
company	O
name	O
recognition	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
habit	O
of	O
selling	O
rights	O
or	O
earning	O
royalties	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Wu	B-PERSON
with	O
regret	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
offers	O
the	O
following	O
examples	O
:	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
department	O
stores	O
are	O
a	O
cut	O
above	O
PRC	B-GPE
state	O
-	O
run	O
stores	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
construction	O
industry	O
has	O
the	O
knack	O
for	O
systematic	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
industries	O
like	O
eel	O
-	O
raising	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
technologies	O
and	O
operating	O
methods	O
,	O
but	O
people	O
only	O
think	O
about	O
keeping	O
these	O
secrets	O
to	O
themselves	O
and	O
making	O
money	O
by	O
working	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
spread	O
knowledge	O
so	O
that	O
others	O
will	O
make	O
money	O
for	O
them	O
!	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
to	O
sell	O
operational	O
know-how	O
,	O
this	O
knowledge	O
must	O
be	O
converted	O
into	O
steps	O
,	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
standards	O
,	O
and	O
must	O
be	O
well	O
-	O
packaged	O
.	O


And	O
trademarks	O
and	O
patents	O
must	O
be	O
employed	O
to	O
deter	O
potential	O
pirates	O
.	O


Wu	B-PERSON
suggests	O
that	O
organizations	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
which	O
are	O
dedicated	O
to	O
teaching	O
management	O
methods	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Productivity	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
,	O
should	O
assist	O
companies	O
in	O
systematizing	O
and	O
selling	O
the	O
rights	O
to	O
their	O
mangement	O
and	O
operating	O
philosophies	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
uniquely	O
flexible	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
approach	O
to	O
business	O
can	O
be	O
reproduced	O
and	O
marketed	O
worldwide	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
only	O
people	O
would	O
change	O
their	O
attitudes	O
,	O
the	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
could	O
have	O
many	O
new	O
components	O
,	O
and	O
every	O
industry	O
,	O
firm	O
,	O
or	O
individual	O
could	O
find	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
make	O
money	O
on	O
this	O
new	O
frontier	O
,	O
"	O


concludes	O
Wu	B-PERSON
.	O


Looking	O
to	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
the	O
road	O
to	O
a	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
is	O
long	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
choice	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


What	O
is	O
most	O
important	O
now	O
is	O
to	O
remove	O
obstacles	O
from	O
the	O
path	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
make	O
each	O
stride	O
as	O
large	O
and	O
quick	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


p.	O
006	B-CARDINAL


Bringing	O
brain	O
power	O
together	O
with	O
computer	O
power	O
is	O
what	O
developing	O
the	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
is	O
all	O
about	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Pu	B-PERSON
Hua-chih	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
008	B-CARDINAL


"	O
Why	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
little	O
fun	O
while	O
you	O
are	O
at	O
it	O
?	O
"	O


In	O
the	O
new	O
economy	O
,	O
creativity	O
is	O
king	O
.	O


This	O
Japanese	B-NORP
electronic	O
dog	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
Aibo	B-PRODUCT
,	O
was	O
a	O
hit	O
at	O
the	O
Taipei	B-EVENT
Expo	I-EVENT
international	O
information	O
industry	O
exhibition	O
.	O


p.	O
009	B-CARDINAL


A	O
national	O
conference	O
on	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
knowledge	O
-	O
based	O
economy	O
,	O
convened	O
in	O
early	B-DATE
November	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
,	O
laid	O
the	O
groundwork	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
direction	O
of	O
economic	O
development	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
was	O
a	O
move	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
increase	O
confidence	O
in	O
the	O
economy	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


p.	O
010	B-CARDINAL


Cyberlink	B-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
has	O
become	O
the	O
darling	O
of	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
with	O
new	O
AV	O
technology	O
like	O
Power	B-PRODUCT
DVD	I-PRODUCT
and	O
Talking	B-PRODUCT
Show	I-PRODUCT
.	O


CEO	O
Alice	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
prime	O
movers	O
behind	O
the	O
scenes	O
.	O


p.	O
010	B-CARDINAL


Hsu	B-PERSON
Wen-hsing	I-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
firm	O
has	O
produced	O
an	O
award	O
-	O
winning	O
fingerprint	O
verification	O
device	O
,	O
aspires	O
to	O
a	O
future	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
catch-phrase	O
CIT	O
-LRB-	O
"	O
created	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
"	O
-RRB-	O
will	O
become	O
even	O
more	O
widely	O
used	O
that	O
the	O
current	O
MIT	O
-LRB-	O
"	O
made	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
"	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


p.	O
011	B-CARDINAL


The	B-ORG
Winbond	I-ORG
Knowledge	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
,	O
led	O
by	O
assistant	O
vice	O
president	O
George	B-PERSON
Tsao	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
founded	O
a	B-DATE
half	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
to	O
provide	O
overall	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
scattered	O
knowledge	O
assets	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
bring	O
to	O
the	O
surface	O
the	O
intellectual	O
treasures	O
locked	O
in	O
employees	O
'	O
heads	O
.	O


p.	O
011	B-CARDINAL
Comdek	O


Industrial	O
Corporation	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
few	O
medical	O
instrument	O
manufacturers	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
has	O
won	O
numerous	O
awards	O
for	O
its	O
products	O
.	O


General	O
manager	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Kuo	I-PERSON
here	O
displays	O
a	O
portable	O
blood	O
-	O
oxygen	O
monitor	O
.	O


p.	O
012	B-CARDINAL
Motorcycles	O


may	O
be	O
a	O
traditional	O
industry	O
.	O


But	O
application	O
of	O
computer	O
controlled	O
technologies	O
can	O
increase	O
their	O
knowledge	O
component	O
and	O
raise	O
competitiveness	O
.	O


p.	O
013	B-CARDINAL


An	O
alien	O
invasion	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
visitors	O
at	O
a	O
new	O
car	O
exhibition	O
"	O
road	O
-	O
testing	O
"	O
the	O
speedy	O
vehicles	O
in	O
virtual	O
reality	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Diago	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
014	B-CARDINAL


Information	O
,	O
knowledge	O
,	O
and	O
technology	O
are	O
not	O
only	O
changing	O
society	O
and	O
the	O
economy	O
,	O
but	O
will	O
transform	O
the	O
future	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Superstore	O
Consumer	O
Culture	O


-LRB-	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Sue	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
feng	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Jimmy	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Jonathan	B-PERSON
Barnard	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Yet	O
another	O
superstore	O
chain	O
has	O
come	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
9	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
firm	O
Tesco	B-ORG
said	O
hello	O
to	O
consumers	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
when	O
it	O
formally	O
opened	O
its	O
clean	O
,	O
bright	O
and	O
spacious	O
store	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
now	O
about	O
100	B-CARDINAL
retailers	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
with	O
individual	O
stores	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
several	B-QUANTITY
thousand	I-QUANTITY
ping	I-QUANTITY
-LRB-	O
a	B-QUANTITY
ping	I-QUANTITY
equals	O
36	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
-RRB-	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
full	O
adoption	O
of	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
weekends	O
every	O
other	O
week	O
,	O
people	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
had	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
these	O
new	O
days	O
off	O
.	O


Visiting	O
superstores	O
-	O
with	O
their	O
ample	O
parking	O
,	O
restaurants	O
and	O
piles	O
of	O
consumer	O
goods	O
-	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
major	O
leisure	O
-	O
time	O
activity	O
.	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
social	O
changes	O
does	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
consumer	O
behavior	O
reflect	O
?	O


Is	O
densely	O
populated	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
well	O
suited	O
to	O
absorb	O
all	O
these	O
stores	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
sprouting	O
up	O
like	O
mushrooms	O
after	O
a	O
rain	O
?	O


Waves	O
of	O
traffic	O
are	O
heading	O
out	O
from	O
Taipei	B-GPE
toward	O
the	O
suburbs	O
,	O
toward	O
the	O
open	O
expanses	O
in	O
the	O
riverbed	O
area	O
of	O
Neihu	B-GPE
.	O


Once	O
the	O
cars	O
pass	O
the	B-FAC
Minchuan	I-FAC
or	I-FAC
the	I-FAC
Second	I-FAC
Macarthur	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
landscape	O
becomes	O
dotted	O
with	O
the	O
large	O
signs	O
of	O
major	O
retailers	O
.	O


These	O
include	O
Costco	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
superstore	O
retailer	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
;	O
B&Q	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
largest	O
do	O
-	O
it	O
-	O
yourself	O
hardware	O
chain	O
in	O
Britain	B-GPE
;	O
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
own	O
RT	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
.	O


Shopping	O
at	O
these	O
large	O
stores	O
has	O
quickly	O
become	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
leisure	O
-	O
time	O
life	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
Mrs.	O
Chao	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
lives	O
in	O
Neihu	B-GPE
,	O
explains	O
that	O
on	O
weekends	O
or	O
vacation	O
days	O
the	O
whole	O
family	O
sleeps	O
late	O
.	O


Once	O
they	O
are	O
up	O
,	O
if	O
there	O
's	O
nothing	O
special	O
on	O
the	O
agenda	O
,	O
they	O
go	O
to	O
B&Q	B-ORG
to	O
look	O
at	O
stuff	O
for	O
the	O
home	O
.	O


Then	O
when	O
they	O
get	O
tired	O
,	O
they	O
go	O
to	O
Costco	B-ORG
for	O
some	O
Pizza	O
or	O
muffins	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
they	O
end	O
up	O
in	O
RT	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
,	O
where	O
they	O
buy	O
groceries	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
trip	O
takes	O
about	B-TIME
half	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
day	I-TIME
.	O


She	O
had	O
thought	O
that	O
these	O
stores	O
were	O
only	O
crowded	O
on	O
the	O
weekends	O
,	O
but	O
on	O
a	O
rainy	O
weekday	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
she	O
decided	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
feel	O
like	O
cooking	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
buy	O
some	O
prepared	O
foods	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
RT	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
deli	O
department	O
.	O


She	O
discovered	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
n't	O
a	O
single	O
open	O
parking	O
space	O
among	O
the	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
on	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
and	O
second	B-ORDINAL
floors	O
of	O
the	O
parking	O
structure	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
quite	O
surprised	O
to	O
find	O
that	O
business	O
was	O
so	O
good	O
on	O
a	O
weekday	O
.	O


"	O
Shopping	O
at	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
superstores	O
is	O
a	O
lot	O
like	O
shopping	O
at	O
a	O
department	O
store	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
a	O
Mr.	O
Ko	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
works	O
as	O
an	O
engineer	O
for	O
a	O
chemical	O
company	O
in	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
You	O
go	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
bored	O
.	O
"	O


Ko	B-PERSON
has	O
discovered	O
that	O
as	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
of	O
these	O
stores	O
have	O
opened	O
in	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
wife	O
go	O
to	O
department	O
stores	O
less	O
,	O
because	O
in	O
department	O
stores	O
you	O
can	O
only	O
buy	O
clothes	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
superstores	O
you	O
can	O
buy	O
daily	O
necessities	O
,	O
hardware	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
selection	O
is	O
better	O
.	O


Shocking	O
the	O
world	O


The	O
performance	O
of	O
these	O
large	O
retailers	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
startling	O
,	O
and	O
superstore	O
chains	O
from	O
Holland	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
Britain	B-GPE
have	O
been	O
arriving	O
on	O
these	O
shores	O
one	B-CARDINAL
after	O
another	O
.	O


A	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
some	I-CARDINAL
foreign	O
stores	O
do	O
NT$	B-MONEY
110	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
business	O
a	O
year	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Office	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Statistics	I-ORG
,	O
business	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
for	O
these	O
stores	O
was	O
up	O
19.54	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
higher	O
rate	O
of	O
growth	O
than	O
for	O
convenience	O
stores	O
,	O
supermarkets	O
or	O
department	O
stores	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
Dutch	B-NORP
firm	O
Makro	B-ORG
opened	O
its	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Taiwan	B-GPE
store	O
in	O
Taoyuan	B-GPE
in	O
1989	B-DATE
,	O
superstores	O
have	O
enjoyed	O
tremendous	O
growth	O
.	O


The	O
French	B-NORP
retailer	O
Carrefour	B-ORG
followed	O
Makro	B-ORG
's	O
lead	O
,	O
opening	O
a	O
store	O
in	O
1989	B-DATE
.	O


Costco	B-ORG
from	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
began	O
planning	O
its	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Taiwan	B-GPE
store	O
in	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
wholesale	O
outlet	O
Casino	B-ORG
arrived	O
in	O
1999	B-DATE
.	O


A	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Ruentex	B-ORG
group	O
,	O
which	O
owns	O
RT	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
,	O
bought	O
out	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Taiwanese	B-NORP
competitors	O
and	O
increased	O
its	O
number	O
of	O
stores	O
to	O
16	B-CARDINAL
.	O


That	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
1998	B-DATE
,	O
Tesco	B-ORG
from	O
Britain	B-GPE
began	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
sites	O
.	O


After	O
nearly	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
preparation	O
,	O
in	O
December	B-DATE
2000	I-DATE
they	O
finally	O
opened	O
their	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Taiwan	B-GPE
store	O
in	O
Taoyuan	B-GPE
.	O


No	O
one	O
had	O
expected	O
that	O
European	B-NORP
superstores	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
establish	O
a	O
foothold	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
had	O
long	O
taken	O
its	O
cues	O
from	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
market	O
.	O


Allen	B-PERSON
Tien	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
Carrefour	B-ORG
's	O
public	O
affairs	O
division	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
relates	O
that	O
Wal	B-ORG


Little	O
Three	B-CARDINAL
Links	O
Presage	O
New	O
Era	O
in	O
Cross-Strait	B-LOC
Relations	O


-LRB-	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Newell	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
"	O
little	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
"	O
-	O
direct	O
mail	O
,	O
transport	O
,	O
and	O
commerce	O
between	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
islands	O
of	O
Kinmen	B-GPE
and	O
Matsu	B-GPE
on	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
side	O
and	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
on	O
the	O
other	O
-	O
were	O
formally	O
opened	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
They	O
were	O
originally	O
supposed	O
to	O
start	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
were	O
postponed	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
2nd	I-DATE
at	O
the	O
request	O
of	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
.	O
-RRB-	O


This	O
step	O
is	O
seen	O
as	O
setting	O
the	O
stage	O
for	O
the	O
eventual	O
opening	O
of	O
the	O
full	O
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
"	O
-	O
direct	O
mail	O
,	O
commerce	O
,	O
and	O
transport	O
between	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
proper	O
and	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
-	O
and	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
entry	O
into	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
has	O
remained	O
as	O
chilly	O
as	O
ever	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
uncertain	O
what	O
breakthroughs	O
and	O
benefits	O
can	O
be	O
realized	O
through	O
the	O
little	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
expected	O
that	O
both	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
will	O
enter	O
the	O
WTO	B-ORG
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Looking	O
ahead	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
alteration	O
of	O
the	O
previous	O
administration	O
's	O
"	O
no	O
haste	O
"	O
policy	O
,	O
cross-strait	O
trade	O
relations	O
will	O
enter	O
a	O
new	O
era	O
.	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
,	O
Premier	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
declared	O
that	O
the	O
opening	O
of	O
the	O
little	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
was	O
a	O
major	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
mainland	O
policy	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
the	O
prelude	O
to	O
the	O
full	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
implemented	O
after	O
WTO	B-ORG
entry	O
.	O


Tsai	B-PERSON
Ing	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wen	I-PERSON
,	O
chairwoman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Mainland	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
MAC	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
focus	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
stage	O
of	O
the	O
little	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
will	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
issues	O
of	O
public	O
security	O
and	O
the	O
local	O
economy	O
in	O
Kinmen	B-GPE
and	O
Matsu	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
step	O
will	O
be	O
decriminalization	O
and	O
legalization	O
of	O
petty	O
trade	O
.	O


Only	O
after	O
observing	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
stage	O
on	O
social	O
order	O
and	O
local	O
industries	O
in	O
Kinmen	B-GPE
and	O
Matsu	B-GPE
will	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
stage	O
-	O
opening	O
of	O
normal	O
commercial	O
activities	O
-	O
be	O
considered	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
opening	O
of	O
the	O
full	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
particular	O
timetable	O
.	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
,	O
MAC	B-ORG
Vice-Chairman	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chung	I-PERSON
stated	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
has	O
already	O
begun	O
planning	O
for	O
the	O
full	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
.	O


Faced	O
with	O
questions	O
raised	O
by	O
some	O
legislators	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
little	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
as	O
a	O
tactic	O
to	O
postpone	O
the	O
full	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
,	O
Teng	B-PERSON
declared	O
that	O
the	O
full	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
will	O
definitely	O
be	O
implemented	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
priority	O
is	O
to	O
coordinate	O
these	O
with	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
WTO	B-ORG
entry	O
,	O
with	O
secondary	B-ORDINAL
attention	O
going	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
own	O
needs	O
.	O


Most	O
media	O
and	O
commentators	O
have	O
been	O
positive	O
toward	O
the	O
little	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
article	O
published	O
on	O
December	B-DATE
25	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
declared	O
that	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
trend	O
of	O
economic	O
globalization	O
,	O
the	O
opening	O
of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
across	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
should	O
bring	O
unprecedented	O
growth	O
in	O
cross-strait	O
economic	O
ties	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
promoting	O
economic	O
links	O
is	O
something	O
that	O
both	O
sides	O
find	O
acceptable	O
despite	O
the	O
frigid	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
political	O
relationship	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
borderless	O
global	O
economy	O
takes	O
shape	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
will	O
help	O
businesses	O
expand	O
their	O
economic	O
space	O
and	O
encourage	O
industrial	O
upgrading	O
,	O
with	O
both	O
sides	O
benefiting	O
.	O


But	O
PRC	B-GPE
economic	O
experts	O
note	O
that	O
,	O
once	O
both	O
sides	O
enter	O
the	O
WTO	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
mainland	O
's	O
large	O
market	O
will	O
be	O
contested	O
by	O
firms	O
from	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
high	O
technology	O
firms	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
will	O
aid	O
in	O
construction	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
Chinese	B-NORP
economic	O
grouping	O
"	O
which	O
would	O
raise	O
the	O
decision	O
-	O
making	O
status	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
in	O
international	O
economic	O
affairs	O
.	O


On	O
another	O
front	O
,	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
tourism	O
,	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
2001	I-DATE
Taiwan	B-GPE
expects	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
new	O
policy	O
allowing	O
mainland	O
tourists	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
could	O
be	O
very	O
significant	O
in	O
increasing	O
exchanges	O
and	O
mutual	O
understanding	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
.	O


Most	O
opinion	O
leaders	O
in	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
view	O
this	O
policy	O
positively	O
.	O


Beijing	B-GPE
's	O
China	B-ORG
Travel	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
says	O
that	O
mainland	O
people	O
can	O
now	O
travel	O
for	O
tourism	O
to	O
15	B-CARDINAL
regions	O
or	O
countries	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
shame	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
-	O
which	O
is	O
close	O
geographically	O
and	O
shares	O
a	O
common	O
language	O
and	O
heritage	O
-	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
open	O
for	O
mainland	O
travelers	O
.	O


A	O
recent	O
opinion	O
poll	O
in	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
shows	O
that	O
25	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
there	O
say	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
rather	O
visit	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
than	O
any	O
other	O
tourist	O
destination	O
.	O


Mt.	B-LOC
Ali	I-LOC
-LRB-	O
Alishan	B-LOC
-RRB-	O
and	O
Sun	B-LOC
Moon	I-LOC
Lake	I-LOC
are	O
the	O
places	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
they	O
would	O
most	O
like	O
to	O
visit	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
also	O
are	O
looking	O
forward	O
to	O
eating	O
authentic	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
cuisine	O
and	O
drinking	O
genuine	O
"	O
pearl	O
milk	O
tea	O
.	O
"	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
not	O
only	O
have	O
the	O
mainland	O
authorities	O
not	O
responded	O
enthusiastically	O
to	O
the	O
little	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
even	O
attacked	O
the	O
policy	O
.	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
28	I-DATE
,	O
Zhou	B-PERSON
Mingtong	I-PERSON
,	O
vice-director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Taiwan	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
,	O
stated	O
at	O
a	O
banquet	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
media	O
that	O
the	O
little	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
are	O
"	O
small	O
potatoes	O
.	O
"	O


Li	B-PERSON
Yafei	I-PERSON
,	O
secretary	O
-	O
general	O
of	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
's	O
Association	B-ORG
for	I-ORG
Relations	I-ORG
Across	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Strait	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
mainland	O
does	O
n't	O
even	O
have	O
the	O
concept	O
or	O
term	O
"	O
little	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
the	O
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
"	O
remains	O
the	O
"	O
one	O
China	B-GPE
"	O
principle	O
.	O


Looking	O
to	O
future	O
cross-strait	O
interactions	O
,	O
the	O
opening	O
of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
links	O
-LRB-	O
at	O
least	O
for	O
tourism	O
and	O
economic	O
interactions	O
-RRB-	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
get	O
bogged	O
down	O
in	O
the	O
debate	O
over	O
independence	O
vs.	O
reunification	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
in	O
fact	O
already	O
become	O
a	O
new	O
consensus	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
.	O


The	O
success	O
of	O
the	O
relevant	O
government	O
policies	O
in	O
conforming	O
to	O
public	O
opinion	O
and	O
building	O
healthy	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
's	O
willingness	O
to	O
tone	O
down	O
the	O
rhetoric	O
and	O
make	O
peace	O
the	O
top	O
priority	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
decisive	O
in	O
creating	O
a	O
win	O
-	O
win	O
situation	O
and	O
in	O
reinvigorating	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O


p.	O
064	B-CARDINAL


-LRB-	O
facing	O
page	O
-RRB-	O


Though	O
cross-strait	O
relations	O
remain	O
frosty	O
,	O
this	O
did	O
not	O
stop	O
the	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
Poster	I-ORG
Design	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
from	O
holding	O
its	O
2001	B-DATE
Peace	B-EVENT
Poster	I-EVENT
Competition	I-EVENT
,	O
with	O
participants	O
from	O
both	O
sides	O
welcome	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
courtesy	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
Poster	I-ORG
Design	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


p.	O
065	B-CARDINAL


Beautiful	O
Mt.	B-LOC
Ali	I-LOC
-LRB-	O
Alishan	B-LOC
-RRB-	O
is	O
a	O
place	O
that	O
many	O
people	O
from	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
hope	O
to	O
visit	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Diago	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Activities	O
Mark	O
International	B-EVENT
Human	I-EVENT
Rights	I-EVENT
Day	I-EVENT


-LRB-	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Newell	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Protecting	O
human	O
rights	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
key	O
policies	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
.	O


Among	O
the	O
activities	O
conducted	O
in	O
this	O
vein	O
,	O
on	O
December	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
-	O
International	B-EVENT
Human	I-EVENT
Rights	I-EVENT
Day	I-EVENT
-	O
the	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
President	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Cultural	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
co-sponsored	O
a	O
unique	O
"	O
human	O
rights	O
wedding	O
ceremony	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
initiated	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
activities	O
under	O
the	O
theme	O
of	O
Human	B-EVENT
Rights	I-EVENT
Week	I-EVENT
to	O
remind	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
citizens	O
of	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
human	O
rights	O
.	O


In	O
commemoration	O
of	O
International	B-EVENT
Human	I-EVENT
Rights	I-EVENT
Day	I-EVENT
on	O
December	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Nationsl	I-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
Consultative	I-ORG
Task	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
President	I-ORG
organized	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
activities	O
to	O
draw	O
attention	O
to	O
this	O
issue	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
up	O
was	O
a	O
conference	O
at	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
on	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
reviewing	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
persons	O
persecuted	O
as	O
"	O
communist	B-NORP
spies	O
.	O
"	O


A	O
lively	O
discussion	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
Sun	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jen	I-PERSON
and	O
Kuo	B-PERSON
Ting	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
liang	I-PERSON
took	O
place	O
.	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
9	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
ceremony	O
was	O
held	O
on	O
Green	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
,	O
site	O
of	O
a	O
former	O
political	O
prison	O
,	O
to	O
commemorate	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Human	I-FAC
Rights	I-FAC
Memorial	I-FAC
there	O
.	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
came	O
the	O
"	O
human	O
rights	O
wedding	O
ceremony	O
"	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Taipei	I-FAC
Guest	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
,	O
and	O
that	O
same	O
night	O
an	O
event	O
to	O
express	O
"	O
thanksgiving	O
and	O
respect	O
"	O
was	O
held	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Taipei	I-FAC
International	I-FAC
Convention	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
.	O


The	B-FAC
Green	I-FAC
Island	I-FAC
Human	I-FAC
Rights	I-FAC
Memorial	I-FAC
,	O
completed	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
takes	O
as	O
its	O
focus	O
the	O
determination	O
that	O
the	O
terrible	O
events	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
should	O
never	O
be	O
repeated	O
.	O


It	O
reminds	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
of	O
the	O
long	O
period	O
of	O
"	O
white	O
terror	O
"	O
under	O
which	O
the	O
island	O
suffered	O
,	O
and	O
hopes	O
to	O
raise	O
humanitarian	O
awareness	O
.	O


Pesus	B-PERSON
Chou	I-PERSON
,	O
executive	O
secretary	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
a	O
further	O
list	O
of	O
180	B-CARDINAL
victims	O
was	O
accepted	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
now	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
690	B-CARDINAL
names	O
of	O
victims	O
of	O
political	O
persecution	O
engraved	O
on	O
the	O
wall	O
.	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
victims	O
and	O
their	O
family	O
members	O
also	O
attended	O
the	O
ceremony	O
,	O
at	O
which	O
they	O
presented	O
a	O
petition	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10,000	I-CARDINAL
victims	O
of	O
political	O
terror	O
whose	O
names	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
inscribed	O
on	O
the	O
wall	O
because	O
of	O
lack	O
of	O
official	O
documentation	O
of	O
their	O
cases	O
.	O


They	O
called	O
for	O
justice	O
for	O
these	O
victims	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
personally	O
attended	O
the	O
anniversary	O
event	O
,	O
and	O
vowed	O
to	O
carry	O
on	O
the	O
policy	O
,	O
initiated	O
by	O
the	O
previous	O
government	O
,	O
of	O
apologizing	O
to	O
and	O
caring	O
for	O
the	O
victims	O
.	O


He	O
emphasized	O
that	O
his	O
administration	O
would	O
abide	O
by	O
the	B-LAW
International	I-LAW
Declaration	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Human	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
,	O
the	B-LAW
Citizens	I-LAW
'	I-LAW
Public	I-LAW
Trust	I-LAW
Treaty	I-LAW
,	O
and	O
the	O
manifesto	O
and	O
action	O
platform	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Vienna	I-EVENT
International	I-EVENT
Convention	I-EVENT
on	I-EVENT
Human	I-EVENT
Rights	I-EVENT
,	O
so	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
could	O
be	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
international	O
human	O
rights	O
system	O
.	O


He	O
again	O
called	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
to	O
codify	O
international	O
human	O
rights	O
law	O
as	O
domestic	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
declared	O
that	O
his	O
government	O
will	O
also	O
establish	O
a	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
and	O
work	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
society	O
in	O
which	O
human	O
rights	O
are	O
respected	O
and	O
protected	O
.	O


On	O
the	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
of	O
Human	B-EVENT
Rights	I-EVENT
Day	I-EVENT
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Culture	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
author	O
Bo	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
prime	O
movers	O
behind	O
the	B-FAC
Human	I-FAC
Rights	I-FAC
Memorial	I-FAC
-RRB-	O
held	O
a	O
"	O
human	O
rights	O
marriage	O
ceremony	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
event	O
,	O
conducted	O
in	O
beautiful	O
weather	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Taipei	I-FAC
Guest	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
,	O
was	O
attended	O
by	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
couples	O
from	O
around	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
who	O
chose	O
this	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
to	O
formalize	O
their	O
ties	O
.	O


President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
served	O
as	O
master	O
of	O
ceremonies	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
ceremony	O
,	O
President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
read	O
out	O
the	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
vows	O
drafted	O
by	O
Bo	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
for	O
his	O
"	O
Human	B-WORK_OF_ART
Rights	I-WORK_OF_ART
Marriage	I-WORK_OF_ART
Certificate	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
extolling	O
mutual	O
respect	O
for	O
domestic	O
human	O
rights	O
as	O
the	O
foundation	O
of	O
social	O
stability	O
.	O


Besides	O
having	O
President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
serve	O
as	O
master	O
of	O
ceremonies	O
,	O
Bo	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
and	O
Vice	O
President	O
Annette	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
served	O
as	O
honored	O
guests	O
,	O
while	O
Control	B-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
President	O
Frederick	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
and	O
Minister	O
of	O
the	O
Interior	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Po	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ya	I-PERSON
also	O
had	O
prominent	O
roles	O
.	O


Among	O
those	O
in	O
attendance	O
were	O
Senior	O
Advisor	O
to	O
the	O
President	O
Yu	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
Yue	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ying	I-PERSON
,	O
Minister	O
of	O
Education	O
Ovid	B-PERSON
Tzeng	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Council	B-ORG
for	I-ORG
Aboriginal	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Yohani	B-PERSON
Iskakavut	I-PERSON
.	O


Representatives	O
of	O
various	O
sectors	O
of	O
society	O
,	O
including	O
dentists	O
,	O
lawyers	O
,	O
military	O
personnel	O
,	O
civil	O
servants	O
,	O
indigenous	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
handicapped	O
,	O
were	O
among	O
the	O
couples	O
taking	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
ceremony	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
meant	O
to	O
be	O
inclusive	O
of	O
and	O
meaningful	O
for	O
all	O
citizens	O
.	O


With	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
guests	O
and	O
family	O
members	O
also	O
joining	O
in	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
fun	O
to	O
be	O
had	O
by	O
one	O
and	O
all	O
.	O


President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
toasted	O
the	O
new	O
couples	O
and	O
expressed	O
his	O
hope	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
soon	O
give	O
birth	O
to	O
"	O
human	O
rights	O
babies	O
"	O
and	O
act	O
as	O
pioneers	O
in	O
building	O
a	O
human	O
rights	O
society	O
,	O
creating	O
models	O
for	O
the	O
passing	O
along	O
of	O
human	O
rights	O
education	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
.	O


p.	O
066	B-CARDINAL


In	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
"	O
human	O
rights	O
wedding	O
ceremony	O
,	O
"	O
36	B-CARDINAL
couples	O
took	O
vows	O
to	O
respect	O
each	O
other	O
's	O
human	O
rights	O
,	O
creating	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
"	O
human	O
rights	O
families	O
.	O
"	O


Cracking	O
Down	O
on	O
Black	O
Gold	O


-LRB-	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Sue	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fen	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Christopher	B-PERSON
MacDonald	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


At	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
December	I-DATE
there	O
was	O
an	O
-	O
other	O
piece	O
of	O
good	O
news	O
concerning	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
's	O
crackdown	O
on	O
crime	O
.	O


Fugitive	O
Huang	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chung	I-PERSON
,	O
wanted	O
for	O
complicity	O
in	O
the	O
slaying	O
of	O
former	O
Kaohsiung	B-ORG
County	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
speaker	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Ho	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sung	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
arrested	O
in	O
Phuket	B-GPE
after	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
investigation	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
cooperation	O
of	O
the	O
Thai	B-NORP
police	O
authorities	O
.	O


And	O
a	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
the	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
handed	O
the	O
legislature	O
a	O
draft	O
amendment	O
to	O
the	B-LAW
Election	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
Recall	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
that	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
block	O
mob	O
-	O
affiliated	O
individuals	O
from	O
running	O
for	O
public	O
office	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
hoped	O
that	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
executive	O
and	O
legislative	O
measures	O
will	O
finally	O
drive	O
"	O
black	O
gold	O
"	O
out	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
politics	O
.	O


Cracking	O
down	O
on	O
crime	O
and	O
stamping	O
out	O
"	O
black	O
gold	O
"	O
politics	O
remains	O
a	O
central	O
plank	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
's	O
platform	O
.	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
released	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	O
its	O
campaign	O
against	O
black	O
gold	O
-LRB-	O
i.e.	O
collusion	O
among	O
politicians	O
,	O
crime	O
syndicates	O
and	O
big	O
business	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
period	I-DATE
up	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
December	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
,	O
prosecutors	O
around	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
dealt	O
with	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
2,000	I-CARDINAL
cases	O
concerning	O
black	O
-	O
gold	O
offenses	O
,	O
brought	O
charges	O
against	O
30	B-CARDINAL
elected	O
officials	O
and	O
representatives	O
,	O
and	O
found	O
over	O
NT$	B-MONEY
2.59	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
misappropriated	O
public	O
funds	O
.	O


The	O
following	O
cases	O
,	O
currently	O
under	O
investigation	O
,	O
have	O
attracted	O
particular	O
attention	O
:	O
the	O
alleged	O
involvement	O
of	O
Linkou	B-GPE
mayor	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Tzung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yi	I-PERSON
,	O
Yingko	B-GPE
Township	I-GPE
chief	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
Yuan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ho	I-PERSON
and	O
Linkou	B-GPE
council	O
deputy	O
chairman	O
Chou	B-PERSON
Yeh	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
feng	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
an	O
illegal	O
waste	O
dump	O
at	O
a	O
disused	O
brickyard	O
;	O
alleged	O
fraud	O
by	O
Nantou	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
commissioner	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Pai	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsien	I-PERSON
in	O
connection	O
with	O
construction	O
projects	O
;	O
allegations	O
of	O
corruption	O
against	O
Hsinchu	B-GPE
mayor	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Jen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
;	O
and	O
the	O
suspected	O
embezzlement	O
of	O
post-921	B-EVENT
earthquake	I-EVENT
relief	O
funds	O
by	O
Hsinchu	B-GPE
municipal	O
council	O
speaker	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
Cheng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
.	O


Cases	O
in	O
which	O
charges	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
brought	O
include	O
:	O
the	O
alleged	O
misuse	O
of	O
public	O
funds	O
for	O
overseas	O
trips	O
by	O
Miaoli	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
commissioner	O
Fu	B-PERSON
Hsueh	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
peng	I-PERSON
,	O
along	O
with	O
county	O
councilors	O
Lo	B-PERSON
Hsing	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chun	I-PERSON
and	O
Hsieh	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chuan	I-PERSON
;	O
alleged	O
breaches	O
of	O
the	B-LAW
Securities	I-LAW
Transaction	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
by	O
leading	O
brokerage	O
owner	O
You	B-PERSON
Hwai	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yin	I-PERSON
;	O
alleged	O
financial	O
fraud	O
by	O
national	O
legislator	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Jui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tu	I-PERSON
;	O
and	O
alleged	O
corruption	O
by	O
Tainan	B-GPE
mayor	O
George	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
in	O
connection	O
with	O
a	O
canal	O
dredging	O
project	O
.	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
6	I-DATE
the	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
passed	O
a	O
draft	O
amendment	O
to	O
the	B-LAW
Public	I-LAW
Officials	I-LAW
Election	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
Recall	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
,	O
tightening	O
the	O
criteria	O
for	O
those	O
seeking	O
public	O
office	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
prevent	O
mob	O
affiliates	O
from	O
securing	O
legal	O
immunity	O
as	O
elected	O
representatives	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
new	O
provisions	O
,	O
anyone	O
convicted	O
and	O
sentenced	O
to	O
jail	O
under	O
the	B-LAW
Organized	I-LAW
Crime	I-LAW
Statute	I-LAW
is	O
barred	O
for	O
life	O
from	O
seeking	O
election	O
to	O
an	O
official	O
post	O
,	O
while	O
those	O
indicted	O
for	O
a	O
capital	O
offence	O
or	O
for	O
crimes	O
carrying	O
sentences	O
of	O
ten	O
years	O
or	O
more	O
are	O
barred	O
pending	O
the	O
verdict	O
of	O
the	O
court	O
.	O


Political	O
parties	O
become	O
liable	O
for	O
the	O
records	O
of	O
their	O
candidates	O
and	O
face	O
fines	O
of	O
NT$	O
500,000	B-MONEY
to	O
NT$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
if	O
they	O
nominate	O
candidates	O
who	O
have	O
prior	O
convictions	O
for	O
electoral	O
fraud	O
or	O
election	O
violence	O
.	O


These	O
revisions	O
to	O
the	O
law	O
will	O
immediately	O
affect	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
parliamentary	O
incumbents	O
,	O
including	O
legislators	O
Kuo	B-PERSON
Ting	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tsai	I-PERSON
and	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Tze	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yuan	I-PERSON
,	O
both	O
of	O
whom	O
face	O
disqualification	O
from	O
re-election	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
provisions	O
have	O
received	O
cross-party	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
legislature	O
,	O
though	O
some	O
deputies	O
want	O
further	O
consultation	O
concerning	O
the	O
exclusion	O
from	O
elections	O
of	O
those	O
charged	O
with	O
but	O
not	O
yet	O
convicted	O
of	O
the	O
relevant	O
offences	O
,	O
as	O
this	O
may	O
deprive	O
them	O
unfairly	O
of	O
their	O
rights	O
.	O


Ho	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hui	I-PERSON
,	O
secretary	O
-	O
general	O
of	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORG
caucus	O
in	O
the	O
legislature	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
party	O
supports	O
barring	O
those	O
convicted	O
of	O
involvement	O
in	O
organized	O
crime	O
from	O
public	O
office	O
,	O
but	O
feels	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
needs	O
to	O
clarify	O
just	O
what	O
"	O
involvement	O
"	O
constitutes	O
in	O
this	O
context	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
December	I-DATE
and	O
after	O
much	O
consultation	O
within	O
the	O
opposition	O
alliance	O
,	O
a	O
preliminary	O
agreement	O
was	O
reached	O
on	O
the	O
draft	O
amendment	O
to	O
the	B-LAW
Farmers	I-LAW
'	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
Fishermen	I-LAW
's	I-LAW
Associations	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
under	O
lengthy	O
review	O
in	O
the	O
legislature	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
agreement	O
,	O
restrictions	O
on	O
those	O
seeking	O
association	O
membership	O
and	O
sub-committee	O
posts	O
will	O
be	O
relaxed	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
rules	O
will	O
be	O
tightened	O
for	O
those	O
running	O
for	O
the	O
posts	O
of	O
director	O
or	O
general	O
secretary	O
,	O
excluding	O
or	O
removing	O
from	O
office	O
anyone	O
who	O
is	O
in	O
default	O
for	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
on	O
loans	O
from	O
these	O
and	O
other	O
such	O
financial	O
organizations	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
amendment	O
remains	O
stuck	O
in	O
the	O
legislative	O
queue	O
for	O
the	O
time	O
being	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Criminal	I-ORG
Investigation	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
has	O
also	O
scored	O
some	O
successes	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
in	O
its	O
campaign	O
against	O
crime	O
syndicates	O
.	O


In	O
early	B-DATE
November	I-DATE
the	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
Four	O
Seas	O
Gang	O
,	O
Yang	B-PERSON
Kuang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
nan	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
arrested	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
by	O
mainland	O
authorities	O
,	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
custody	O
in	O
the	O
transit	O
lounge	O
at	O
Macau	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
and	O
brought	O
back	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
for	O
questioning	O
.	O


Yang	B-PERSON
had	O
fled	O
to	O
the	O
mainland	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	O
after	O
a	O
warrant	O
was	O
issued	O
for	O
his	O
arrest	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
a	O
loan	O
-	O
shark	O
operation	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
key	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
police	O
ever	O
since	O
.	O


Good	O
news	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
coming	O
in	O
from	O
local	O
prosecutors	O
'	O
offices	O
around	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Prosecutors	O
in	O
Taitung	B-GPE
have	O
been	O
investigating	O
county	O
councilors	O
for	O
alleged	O
corruption	O
involving	O
public	O
grants	O
and	O
construction	O
projects	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
half	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
investigation	O
19	B-CARDINAL
representatives	O
have	O
been	O
indicted	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
current	O
speaker	O
and	O
deputy	O
speaker	O
of	O
the	O
county	O
council	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
41	B-CARDINAL
members	O
of	O
the	O
previous	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sessions	O
of	O
the	O
council	O
.	O


This	O
sets	O
a	O
judicial	O
record	O
for	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
elected	O
representatives	O
facing	O
charges	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
case	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
prosecutors	O
in	O
Changhua	B-GPE
have	O
been	O
investigating	O
electoral	O
fraud	O
from	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
seeking	O
sentences	O
of	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
for	O
over	O
200	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
Yuanlin	B-GPE
Township	I-GPE
,	O
for	O
breaking	O
the	B-LAW
Election	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
Recall	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
.	O


The	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
has	O
achieved	O
a	O
measure	O
of	O
success	O
so	O
far	O
in	O
its	O
crackdown	O
on	O
black	O
gold	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
win	O
public	O
support	O
it	O
has	O
had	O
to	O
stress	O
to	O
investigators	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
observe	O
due	O
process	O
and	O
respect	O
suspects	O
'	O
rights	O
.	O


The	O
ministry	O
has	O
also	O
required	O
prosecutors	O
to	O
use	O
discretion	O
when	O
collecting	O
evidence	O
about	O
suspected	O
financial	O
impropriety	O
by	O
officials	O
-	O
for	O
which	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
low	O
rate	O
of	O
conviction	O
-	O
so	O
as	O
not	O
to	O
obstruct	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
civil	O
servants	O
or	O
damage	O
their	O
morale	O
.	O


Terracotta	O
Warriors	O
Invade	O
Taipei	B-GPE


-LRB-	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ting	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
David	B-PERSON
Mayer	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
terracotta	O
warriors	O
from	O
the	O
tomb	O
of	O
Qin	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON
Huang	I-PERSON
,	O
which	O
is	O
included	O
on	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
World	B-ORG
Heritage	I-ORG
sites	O
of	O
the	O
UNESCO	B-ORG
,	O
have	O
come	O
ashore	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
!	O


The	O
17	B-CARDINAL
warriors	O
now	O
on	O
display	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
History	I-ORG
represent	O
the	O
largest	O
contingent	O
from	O
the	O
ancient	O
tomb	O
ever	O
to	O
travel	O
on	O
loan	O
outside	O
of	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
Reporting	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
,	O
sir	O
!	O


A	O
mob	O
of	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
has	O
surrounded	O
the	O
building	O
!	O
"	O


A	O
mounted	O
warrior	O
delivers	O
the	O
dire	O
news	O
to	O
his	O
commander	O
,	O
whose	O
high	O
rank	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
his	O
tasseled	O
helmet	O
and	O
coat	O
of	O
mail	O
.	O


The	O
"	O
mob	O
,	O
"	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
is	O
thirsty	O
not	O
for	O
blood	O
.	O


They	O
just	O
want	O
a	O
glimpse	O
of	O
the	O
warriors	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
warriors	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
it	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
the	O
star	O
attraction	O
at	O
a	O
blockbuster	O
exhibit	O
showing	O
now	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
History	I-ORG
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


Since	O
opening	O
on	O
December	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
exhibit	O
has	O
touched	O
off	O
a	O
wave	O
of	O
enthusiasm	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
for	O
the	O
terracotta	O
warriors	O
,	O
and	O
lines	O
for	O
admission	O
have	O
often	O
snaked	O
along	O
the	O
street	O
for	O
hundreds	B-QUANTITY
of	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Over	O
20,000	B-CARDINAL
advance	O
tickets	O
have	O
been	O
sold	O
,	O
and	O
group	O
visits	O
are	O
already	O
booked	O
solid	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
January	I-DATE
.	O


Many	O
schools	O
in	O
central	O
and	O
southern	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
are	O
renting	O
buses	O
by	O
the	B-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
to	O
ferry	O
their	O
students	O
up	O
to	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
lots	O
of	O
foreign	O
tourists	O
are	O
also	O
coming	O
by	O
for	O
a	O
look	O
.	O


Eighth	B-ORDINAL
wonder	O


Shaanxi	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
was	O
hit	O
by	O
a	O
long	O
drought	O
in	O
the	O
summer	O
of	O
1974	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
farmer	O
Yang	B-PERSON
Zhifa	I-PERSON
and	O
a	O
neighbor	O
were	O
digging	O
a	O
well	O
when	O
a	O
shovel	O
clinked	O
on	O
something	O
hard	O
.	O


Yang	B-PERSON
exclaimed	O
,	O
"	O
Whoa	O
!	O
It	O
's	O
them	O
!	O
"	O


Locals	O
had	O
talked	O
for	O
generations	O
about	O
the	O
buried	O
clay	O
figures	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
sometimes	O
run	O
across	O
while	O
digging	O
in	O
the	O
fields	O
.	O


Everyone	O
knew	O
they	O
were	O
out	O
there	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
one	O
knew	O
quite	O
what	O
they	O
were	O
.	O


People	O
figured	O
they	O
must	O
have	O
been	O
connected	O
with	O
ancestral	O
spirits	O
of	O
some	O
sort	O
.	O


Anxious	O
not	O
to	O
run	O
afoul	O
of	O
the	O
netherworld	O
,	O
the	O
farmers	O
would	O
always	O
hurriedly	O
throw	O
dirt	O
back	O
over	O
the	O
spot	O
and	O
find	O
a	O
better	O
place	O
to	O
dig	O
.	O


This	O
time	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
Yang	B-PERSON
Zhifa	I-PERSON
went	O
a	O
step	O
further	O
.	O


He	O
reported	O
the	O
incident	O
to	O
his	O
superiors	O
at	O
the	O
local	O
commune	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
n't	O
long	O
before	O
archeologists	O
were	O
swarming	O
over	O
the	O
site	O
,	O
unearthing	O
an	O
army	O
of	O
terracotta	O
warriors	O
that	O
had	O
lain	O
buried	O
for	O
over	B-DATE
2,000	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
stunning	O
discovery	O
was	O
dubbed	O
the	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
wonder	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
terracotta	O
army	O
gives	O
a	O
graphic	O
illustration	O
of	O
the	O
grand	O
scale	O
of	O
Qin	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON
Huang	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
ambitions	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
shows	O
how	O
technologically	O
advanced	O
China	B-GPE
already	O
was	O
when	O
Qin	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON
Huang	I-PERSON
was	O
buried	O
some	B-DATE
2,200	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
feel	O
of	O
an	O
actual	O
descent	O
into	O
the	O
emperor	O
's	O
tomb	O
,	O
the	O
museum	O
has	O
arranged	O
the	O
exhibit	O
so	O
that	O
visitors	O
enter	O
on	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
and	O
descend	O
from	O
there	O
into	O
a	O
tomb	O
-	O
like	O
atmosphere	O
on	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
dimly	O
lit	O
space	O
affords	O
a	O
glimpse	O
of	O
what	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
emperor	O
's	O
mind	O
during	O
the	O
years	O
he	O
was	O
busily	O
uniting	O
China	B-GPE
for	O
the	O
very	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
history	O
.	O


The	O
afterlife	O


Qin	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON
Huang	I-PERSON
united	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
221	I-DATE
B.C	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
regarded	O
his	O
achievements	O
as	O
"	O
surpassing	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
Three	B-CARDINAL
Kings	O
and	O
Five	B-CARDINAL
Emperors	O
of	O
old	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
appointed	O
himself	O
"	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
true	O
emperor	O
,	O
"	O
or	O
Qin	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON
Huang	I-PERSON
.	O


A	O
believer	O
in	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
immortality	O
,	O
the	O
emperor	O
once	O
dispatched	O
a	O
trusted	O
aide	O
on	O
a	O
voyage	O
across	O
the	O
seas	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
magic	O
herbs	O
that	O
would	O
provide	O
eternal	O
youth	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
as	O
"	O
plan	O
B	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
also	O
poured	O
vast	O
resources	O
into	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
a	O
burial	O
mound	O
equipped	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
accoutrements	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
accustomed	O
to	O
in	O
the	O
here	O
and	O
now	O
.	O


The	O
population	O
of	O
the	O
kingdom	O
of	O
Qin	B-PERSON
at	O
that	O
time	O
was	O
about	B-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
,	O
of	O
whom	O
over	O
2	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
were	O
mobilized	O
to	O
bring	O
his	O
grand	O
underground	O
palace	O
to	O
completion	O
.	O


Now	O
that	O
the	O
complex	O
has	O
been	O
discovered	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
unquestionably	O
the	O
life	O
-	O
size	O
terracotta	O
warriors	O
and	O
horses	O
that	O
inspire	O
the	O
most	O
amazement	O
.	O


The	O
8,000	B-CARDINAL
figures	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
unearthed	O
at	O
the	O
site	O
in	O
Shaanxi	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
were	O
all	O
executed	O
with	O
painstaking	O
realism	O
.	O


The	O
rank	O
of	O
each	O
figure	O
determined	O
every	O
little	O
detail	O
of	O
its	O
making	O
,	O
right	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
military	O
uniform	O
,	O
cap	O
,	O
armor	O
,	O
hairstyle	O
,	O
and	O
beard	O
.	O


Artisans	O
even	O
incised	O
the	O
soles	O
of	O
the	O
soldiers	O
'	O
shoes	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
threads	O
,	O
and	O
made	O
sure	O
the	O
horses	O
'	O
teeth	O
were	O
realistically	O
done	O
.	O


Each	O
face	O
is	O
unique	O
.	O


Some	O
characters	O
project	O
an	O
air	O
of	O
stern	O
authority	O
.	O


Others	O
suggest	O
a	O
fierce	O
and	O
violent	O
personality	O
.	O


Still	O
other	O
faces	O
clearly	O
belong	O
to	O
tender	O
,	O
untested	O
young	O
greenhorns	O
.	O


The	O
tremendous	O
individuality	O
in	O
the	O
warriors	O
never	O
fails	O
to	O
amaze	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
people	O
who	O
subscribe	O
to	O
the	O
rumor	O
that	O
each	O
clay	O
figure	O
encloses	O
the	O
corpse	O
of	O
a	O
real	O
person	O
.	O


Careful	O
inspection	O
of	O
the	O
markings	O
on	O
the	O
figures	O
reveals	O
that	O
about	O
90	B-CARDINAL
"	O
master	O
craftsmen	O
"	O
participated	O
in	O
the	O
making	O
of	O
the	O
terracotta	O
warriors	O
,	O
each	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
team	O
of	O
ten	O
or	O
more	O
assistants	O
.	O


The	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
artisans	O
involved	O
probably	O
came	O
to	O
nearly	O
a	O
thousand	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Some	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
employed	O
by	O
imperial	O
kilns	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
came	O
from	O
private	O
establishments	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
huge	O
undertaking	O
,	O
for	O
each	O
figure	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
shaped	O
,	O
molded	O
,	O
kneaded	O
,	O
sculpted	O
,	O
and	O
painted	O
.	O


Decorative	O
relief	O
elements	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
applied	O
.	O


The	O
figures	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
covered	O
with	O
an	O
off	O
-	O
white	O
slip	O
to	O
approximate	O
the	O
color	O
of	O
skin	O
.	O


The	O
hair	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
appropriately	O
colored	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
horses	O
were	O
painted	O
in	O
appropriate	O
shades	O
of	O
reddish	O
-	O
brown	O
and	O
black	O
.	O


Their	O
tongues	O
were	O
done	O
in	O
pink	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
teeth	O
in	O
white	O
.	O


The	O
soldiers	O
stand	O
a	O
surprising	O
180	B-QUANTITY
centimeters	I-QUANTITY
in	O
height	O
,	O
prompting	O
many	O
to	O
ask	O
whether	O
the	O
men	O
of	O
that	O
time	O
were	O
actually	O
taller	O
than	O
their	O
modern	O
counterparts	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
different	O
theories	O
concerning	O
this	O
question	O
,	O
says	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Yongqi	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Terracotta	I-ORG
Warriors	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
Taipei	B-GPE
for	O
the	O
exhibit	O
,	O
Wu	B-PERSON
explains	O
that	O
some	O
say	O
it	O
is	O
natural	O
that	O
the	O
figures	O
should	O
be	O
taller	O
since	O
people	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
northwest	O
-	O
where	O
the	O
Qin	B-PERSON
kingdom	O
was	O
located	O
-	O
have	O
always	O
been	O
taller	O
than	O
other	O
Chinese	B-NORP
.	O


Others	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
theorize	O
that	O
the	O
artisans	O
intentionally	O
made	O
the	O
figures	O
slightly	O
larger	O
than	O
life	O
to	O
compensate	O
for	O
the	O
shrinkage	O
that	O
would	O
take	O
place	O
while	O
the	O
freshly	O
molded	O
figures	O
were	O
drying	O
.	O


The	O
cultured	O
side	O
of	O
Qin	B-PERSON


But	O
if	O
you	O
visit	O
the	O
exhibit	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
so	O
dazzled	O
by	O
the	O
terracotta	O
figures	O
that	O
you	O
forget	O
all	O
about	O
the	O
exhibit	O
's	O
larger	O
focus	O
on	O
Qin	B-PERSON
artifacts	O
in	O
general	O
.	O


Tu	B-PERSON
Cheng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Palace	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
,	O
stated	O
after	O
visiting	O
the	O
exhibit	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
our	O
knowledge	O
concerning	O
the	O
Qin	B-PERSON
dynasty	O
comes	O
from	O
official	O
dynastic	O
histories	O
authored	O
during	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
period	O
.	O


These	O
later	O
authors	O
generally	O
had	O
a	O
jaundiced	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
Qin	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
tended	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
ruthless	O
,	O
autocratic	O
rule	O
of	O
Qin	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON
Huang	I-PERSON
while	O
paying	O
less	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
positive	O
achievements	O
of	O
Qin	B-PERSON
culture	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
beauty	O
of	O
Qin	B-PERSON
handicrafts	O
.	O


A	O
round	O
eaves	O
-	O
tile	O
at	O
the	O
exhibit	O
features	O
an	O
image	O
of	O
a	O
running	O
deer	O
,	O
its	O
stout	O
,	O
robust	O
frame	O
executed	O
with	O
startling	O
skill	O
.	O


An	O
elderly	O
visitor	O
was	O
overheard	O
exclaiming	O
to	O
his	O
wife	O
:	O
"	O
They	O
made	O
such	O
beautiful	O
tiles	O
!	O


I	O
wonder	O
if	O
we	O
can	O
even	O
do	O
anything	O
that	O
nice	O
today	B-DATE
?	O
"	O


Also	O
featured	O
at	O
the	O
exhibit	O
are	O
two	O
replicas	O
of	O
brass	O
Qin	B-PERSON
-	O
period	O
chariots	O
on	O
loan	O
from	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
art	O
collector	O
Huang	B-PERSON
Jen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chung	I-PERSON
and	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Natural	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
.	O


Each	O
chariot	O
is	O
assembled	O
from	O
over	O
7,000	B-CARDINAL
different	O
pieces	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
half	B-CARDINAL
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
most	O
extraordinary	O
bronze	O
piece	O
ever	O
made	O
"	O
on	O
account	O
of	O
its	O
huge	O
size	O
,	O
complex	O
structure	O
,	O
and	O
lifelike	O
realism	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
scholars	O
have	O
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
bronze	O
weapons	O
unearthed	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
soldiers	O
all	O
have	O
a	O
different	O
percentage	O
of	O
copper	O
and	O
tin	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
their	O
purpose	O
.	O


Arrowheads	O
,	O
with	O
their	O
requirement	O
for	O
hardness	O
and	O
ability	O
to	O
penetrate	O
armor	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
ratio	O
of	O
tin	O
than	O
other	O
weapons	O
.	O


And	O
a	O
bronze	O
sword	O
,	O
found	O
bent	O
out	O
of	O
shape	O
from	O
the	O
weight	O
of	O
fallen	O
clay	O
figures	O
sitting	O
on	O
it	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
millennia	I-DATE
,	O
sprang	O
back	O
immediately	O
to	O
its	O
original	O
shape	O
once	O
the	O
heavy	O
objects	O
were	O
removed	O
from	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
evident	O
that	O
the	O
bronze	O
metalworkers	O
of	O
that	O
time	O
were	O
very	O
highly	O
skilled	O
.	O


The	O
exhibit	O
will	O
remain	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
until	O
March	B-DATE
11	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
History	I-ORG
is	O
open	O
from	O
10:00	B-TIME
to	I-TIME
18:00	I-TIME
on	O
weekdays	O
and	O
09:30	B-TIME
to	I-TIME
18:00	I-TIME
on	O
weekends	O
and	O
holidays	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
give	O
persons	O
with	O
disabilities	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
view	O
the	O
exhibit	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
fight	O
the	O
crowds	O
,	O
the	O
museum	O
will	O
provide	O
free	O
admission	O
just	O
for	O
these	O
special	O
guests	O
every	O
Wednesday	O
at	O
09:00	B-TIME
.	O


The	O
wait	O
for	O
admission	O
has	O
sometimes	O
taken	O
two	B-TIME
to	I-TIME
three	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
but	O
the	O
crowds	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
grow	O
gradually	O
smaller	O
with	O
time	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
idea	O
to	O
wait	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
before	O
heading	O
to	O
the	O
museum	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
find	O
lots	O
of	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
exhibit	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
virtual	O
tour	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
at	O
http://www.qin.com.tw	O
.	O


p.	O
069	B-CARDINAL


A	O
terracotta	O
army	O
was	O
crafted	O
to	O
escort	O
Qin	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON
Huang	I-PERSON
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
emperor	O
of	O
a	O
unified	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
the	O
afterlife	O
,	O
where	O
he	O
hoped	O
to	O
live	O
forever	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
army	O
stands	O
as	O
testimony	O
to	O
the	O
highly	O
developed	O
state	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
ancient	O
civilization	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
History	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


p.	O
070	B-CARDINAL


These	O
2,200	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	O
old	O
officers	O
and	O
soldiers	O
stand	O
a	O
head	O
taller	O
than	O
their	O
modern	O
counterparts	O
.	O


Were	O
the	O
men	O
of	O
old	O
really	O
so	O
tall	O
?	O


Or	O
did	O
they	O
only	O
select	O
the	O
biggest	O
and	O
strongest	O
to	O
serve	O
in	O
the	O
army	O
?	O


Or	O
were	O
the	O
artisans	O
simply	O
exaggerating	O
?	O


There	O
are	O
many	O
competing	O
explanations	O
on	O
this	O
score	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
070	B-CARDINAL


-LRB-	O
facing	O
page	O
-RRB-	O


Each	O
of	O
the	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
8,000	I-CARDINAL
warriors	O
unearthed	O
from	O
the	O
emperor	O
's	O
tomb	O
has	O
a	O
unique	O
facial	O
expression	O
.	O


The	O
headgear	O
worn	O
by	O
this	O
figure	O
indicates	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
a	O
general	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Diago	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Drifting	O
through	O
a	O
Life	O
of	O
Art	O


Painter	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
Fuzzy	O
People	O


-LRB-	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ting	I-PERSON
/	O
illustrations	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Christopher	B-PERSON


The	O
winner	O
of	O
the	O
prize	O
for	O
fine	O
art	O
in	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
National	B-ORG
Culture	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Arts	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
Awards	I-ORG
-	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
highest	O
honors	O
for	O
an	O
artist	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
-	O
was	O
contemporary	O
painter	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
.	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
first	B-ORDINAL
became	O
a	O
leading	O
light	O
on	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
art	O
scene	O
back	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1950s	I-DATE
,	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
"	O
Eight	B-CARDINAL
Great	O
Outlaws	O
"	O
who	O
launched	O
the	O
island	O
's	O
modern	O
art	O
movement	O
.	O


Since	O
then	O
his	O
artistic	O
vocation	O
has	O
taken	O
him	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
has	O
at	O
last	O
ended	O
up	O
back	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


What	O
is	O
it	O
that	O
distinguishes	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
's	O
work	O
and	O
that	O
marked	O
him	O
out	O
for	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
National	I-WORK_OF_ART
Arts	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Culture	I-WORK_OF_ART
award	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
and	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
contribution	O
has	O
he	O
made	O
to	O
contemporary	O
art	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
?	O


Friendly	O
and	O
relaxed	O
by	O
nature	O
,	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
seem	O
overly	O
excited	O
about	O
winning	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
National	I-WORK_OF_ART
Culture	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Arts	I-WORK_OF_ART
Award	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


If	O
anything	O
it	O
is	O
his	O
friends	O
who	O
are	O
happiest	O
,	O
relieved	O
to	O
see	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
gaining	O
deserved	O
recognition	O
for	O
the	O
achievements	O
of	O
his	O
peripatetic	O
,	O
ill	O
-	O
starred	O
life	O
.	O


Lonely	O
start	O
in	O
life	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
Tzu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiang	I-PERSON
,	O
as	O
he	O
was	O
then	O
named	O
,	O
was	O
born	O
into	O
a	O
literary	O
family	O
in	O
Hunan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
.	O


Fate	O
robbed	O
him	O
of	O
his	O
mother	O
within	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
of	O
his	O
birth	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
his	O
father	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
just	O
four	B-DATE
.	O


His	O
grandmother	O
took	O
him	O
to	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
to	O
escape	O
the	O
war	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
returned	O
a	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
to	O
find	O
the	O
family	O
home	O
in	O
ruins	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
was	O
nine	B-DATE
his	O
grandmother	O
died	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
entrusted	O
to	O
a	O
great	O
aunt	O
.	O


She	O
in	O
turn	O
died	O
when	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
was	O
13	B-DATE
,	O
after	O
which	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
live	O
with	O
an	O
uncle	O
and	O
aunt	O
in	O
Hankou	B-PERSON
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
send	O
him	O
to	O
join	O
his	O
elder	O
brother	O
in	O
Changsha	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
his	O
brother	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
means	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
him	O
either	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
16	B-DATE
,	O
after	O
years	O
of	O
being	O
passed	O
from	O
pillar	O
to	O
post	O
,	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
joined	O
the	O
army	O
-	O
where	O
at	O
least	O
he	O
knew	O
that	O
he	O
'd	O
get	O
fed	O
.	O


"	O
It	O
was	O
a	O
big	O
clan	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
just	O
fell	O
apart	O
!	O
"	O
says	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
with	O
a	O
rueful	O
smile	O
,	O
the	O
expression	O
of	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
seen	O
life	O
and	O
holds	O
few	O
illusions	O
.	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
joined	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
year	O
that	O
the	O
Nationalist	B-NORP
forces	O
retreated	O
from	O
the	O
mainland	O
,	O
and	O
soon	O
found	O
himself	O
in	O
a	O
desk	O
job	O
at	O
Air	B-ORG
Force	I-ORG
General	I-ORG
HQ	I-ORG
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


By	O
coincidence	O
,	O
the	O
dormitory	O
bunk	O
above	O
his	O
was	O
occupied	O
by	O
another	O
aspiring	O
painter	O
,	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Hao	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
became	O
firm	O
friends	O
and	O
began	O
to	O
take	O
classes	O
under	O
Li	B-PERSON
Chung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
doyen	O
of	O
modern	O
art	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
Li	B-PERSON
's	O
Antung	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
Studio	I-FAC
they	O
teamed	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
like	O
-	O
minded	O
young	O
painters	O
,	O
including	O
Ouyang	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yuan	I-PERSON
,	O
Huo	B-PERSON
Kang	I-PERSON
,	O
Hsiao	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
,	O
Li	B-PERSON
Yuan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chia	I-PERSON
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Tao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ming	I-PERSON
and	O
Hsiao	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsien	I-PERSON
.	O


Together	O
they	O
formed	O
the	B-ORG
Ton	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Fan	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
eventually	O
they	O
became	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
Eight	B-CARDINAL
Great	O
Outlaws	O
"	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
modern	O
art	O
.	O


As	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
recalls	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
incentive	O
for	O
studying	O
under	O
Li	B-PERSON
Chung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
was	O
that	O
Li	B-PERSON
's	O
fees	O
were	O
relatively	O
affordable	O
.	O


Other	O
painters	O
charged	O
upwards	O
of	O
45	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
per	O
month	O
,	O
with	O
fees	O
at	O
studios	O
run	O
by	O
older	O
,	O
more	O
established	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
artists	O
reaching	O
60	B-MONEY
or	I-MONEY
70	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


No	O
amount	O
of	O
scrimping	O
and	O
saving	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
put	O
that	O
within	O
reach	O
of	O
someone	O
like	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
,	O
getting	O
by	O
on	O
a	O
military	O
allowance	O
of	O
just	O
25	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
per	O
month	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
choice	O
was	O
the	B-FAC
Antung	I-FAC
Street	I-FAC
Studio	I-FAC
,	O
where	O
the	O
monthly	O
fee	O
was	O
just	O
20	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


Rescuing	O
Chinese	B-NORP
art	O


The	O
economic	O
constraints	O
and	O
repressive	O
censorship	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
era	I-DATE
did	O
nothing	O
to	O
deter	O
these	O
young	O
art	O
fiends	O
.	O


As	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
recalls	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
art	O
materials	O
they	O
could	O
get	O
hold	O
of	O
were	O
red	O
and	O
black	O
ink	O
,	O
courtesy	O
of	O
the	O
military	O
,	O
and	O
pencils	O
.	O


Sometimes	O
they	O
mixed	O
the	O
ink	O
with	O
glue	O
to	O
produce	O
an	O
oil	O
-	O
paint	O
texture	O
.	O


Scraping	O
together	O
the	O
money	O
for	O
just	O
one	B-CARDINAL
tube	O
of	O
oil	O
paint	O
involved	O
considerable	O
effort	O
,	O
and	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
remembers	O
repeatedly	O
uncapping	O
that	O
single	O
tube	O
to	O
breathe	O
in	O
the	O
lovely	O
scent	O
of	O
linseed	O
oil	O
.	O


The	O
painters	O
took	O
turns	O
taking	O
off	O
their	O
shirts	O
to	O
model	O
for	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
and	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
would	O
sometimes	O
spend	O
the	B-DATE
whole	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
sketching	O
customers	O
at	O
the	O
ice	O
-	O
cream	O
shop	O
by	O
the	O
train	O
station	O
,	O
after	O
paying	O
for	O
a	O
single	O
slice	O
of	O
watermelon	O
.	O


In	O
1955	B-DATE
,	O
against	O
the	O
advice	O
of	O
their	O
teacher	O
and	O
clueless	O
about	O
the	O
risks	O
involved	O
in	O
starting	O
up	O
a	O
new	O
organization	O
-LRB-	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
was	O
under	O
martial	O
law	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
young	O
artists	O
formed	O
themselves	O
into	O
the	B-ORG
Ton	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Fan	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
.	O


People	O
flocked	O
to	O
buy	O
tickets	O
for	O
the	O
exhibition	O
that	O
they	O
mounted	O
at	O
a	O
venue	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
Chunghua	B-FAC
Road	I-FAC
,	O
but	O
many	O
visitors	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
art	O
was	O
not	O
to	O
their	O
liking	O
.	O


Some	O
,	O
feeling	O
"	O
cheated	O
,	O
"	O
flung	O
their	O
exhibition	O
leaflets	O
on	O
the	O
floor	O
in	O
disgust	O
.	O


"	O
They	O
cost	O
50	B-TIME
cents	I-TIME
each	O
to	O
produce	O
!	O
"	O
exclaims	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
,	O
still	O
bemoaning	O
the	O
waste	O
.	O


Raising	O
the	O
banner	O
of	O
reform	O
,	O
the	O
Outlaws	O
issued	O
a	O
declaration	O
forecasting	O
Chinese	B-NORP
art	O
's	O
inevitable	O
decline	O
if	O
it	O
stayed	O
stuck	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


Only	O
through	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
modern	O
forms	O
of	O
expression	O
from	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
,	O
could	O
the	O
boundless	O
resources	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
art	O
tradition	O
be	O
revitalized	O
.	O


The	O
declaration	O
,	O
which	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
drafted	O
,	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
group	O
's	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
modernize	O
Chinese	B-NORP
art	O
by	O
drawing	O
Western	B-NORP
artistic	O
concepts	O
and	O
methods	O
into	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
essentially	O
Chinese	B-NORP
works	O
.	O


This	O
insistence	O
on	O
the	O
"	O
China	B-GPE
"	O
element	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
hallmark	O
of	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
art	O
ever	O
since	O
.	O


Outlaws	O
around	O
the	O
world	O


From	O
paintings	O
of	O
his	O
done	O
during	O
that	O
early	O
period	O
,	O
one	O
sees	O
how	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
rendered	O
human	O
figures	O
using	O
the	O
thick	O
lines	O
of	O
traditional	O
Chinese	B-NORP
folk	O
painting	O
,	O
but	O
proceeded	O
to	O
dissect	O
and	O
reassemble	O
those	O
figures	O
in	O
a	O
Western	B-NORP
,	O
mechanistic	O
fashion	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
painting	O
Flying	B-WORK_OF_ART
Apsaras	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
brings	O
a	O
modern	O
geometrical	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
traditional	O
image	O
of	O
airborne	O
Buddhist	B-NORP
spirits	O
.	O


Critic	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chia	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chi	I-PERSON
describes	O
these	O
divine	O
beings	O
shown	O
wafting	O
through	O
a	O
void	O
of	O
blank	O
space	O
as	O
"	O
kind	O
of	O
surreal	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
like	O
astronauts	O
in	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
weightlessness	O
.	O
"	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
has	O
also	O
produced	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
purely	O
abstract	O
works	O
,	O
drawing	O
on	O
his	O
deep	O
familiarity	O
with	O
that	O
most	O
important	O
element	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
art	O
-	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
line	O
.	O


In	O
1955	B-DATE
Hsiao	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
went	O
to	O
study	O
in	O
Spain	B-GPE
,	O
becoming	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ton	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Fan	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
to	O
go	O
overseas	O
.	O


He	O
wrote	O
back	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
describing	O
the	O
new	O
trends	O
in	O
art	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
witness	O
to	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
painters	O
,	O
after	O
poring	O
over	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
his	O
densely	O
written	O
airmail	O
letters	O
,	O
began	O
putting	O
some	O
of	O
those	O
ideas	O
into	O
practice	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
was	O
very	O
cut	O
off	O
from	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
those	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
studying	O
art	O
naturally	O
wanted	O
to	O
see	O
for	O
themselves	O
what	O
was	O
happening	O
elsewhere	O
.	O


In	O
their	O
letters	O
to	O
Hsiao	B-PERSON
,	O
all	O
the	O
others	O
,	O
including	O
their	O
teacher	O
Li	B-PERSON
Chung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
,	O
asked	O
about	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
living	O
overseas	O
.	O


One	O
by	O
one	O
,	O
each	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
set	O
off	O
on	O
his	O
own	O
modern	O
art	O
pilgrimage	O
to	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
.	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
,	O
for	O
whom	O
France	B-GPE
was	O
the	O
art	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
made	O
his	O
move	O
in	O
1963	B-DATE
,	O
traveling	O
by	O
ship	O
from	O
Keelung	B-GPE
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
from	O
there	O
on	O
to	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
cost	O
of	O
his	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
way	O
ticket	O
was	O
borne	O
by	O
his	O
colleague	O
at	O
Air	B-ORG
Force	I-ORG
HQ	I-ORG
Chang	B-PERSON
Chuan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jen	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
generously	O
put	O
his	O
entire	O
savings	O
of	O
NT$	B-MONEY
5,000	I-MONEY
at	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
's	O
disposal	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
France	B-GPE
Hsia	B-PERSON
stopped	O
off	O
in	O
Milan	B-GPE
to	O
visit	O
Hsiao	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
.	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
remembers	O
that	O
Hsiao	B-PERSON
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
words	O
on	O
meeting	O
were	O
:	O
"	O
Come	O
on	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
paint	O
.	O
"	O


For	O
someone	O
like	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
,	O
orphaned	O
early	O
and	O
shunted	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
among	O
various	O
relatives	O
,	O
the	O
support	O
and	O
affection	O
of	O
his	O
friends	O
has	O
played	O
a	O
particularly	O
important	O
part	O
in	O
his	O
life	O
.	O


Fuzzy	O
people	O
,	O
floating	O
people	O


During	O
his	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
Hsia	B-PERSON
lived	O
in	O
a	O
tiny	O
garret	O
in	O
the	O
red	O
light	O
district	O
with	O
barely	O
enough	O
room	O
to	O
stand	O
up	O
in	O
.	O


He	O
supported	O
himself	O
doing	O
miscellaneous	O
jobs	O
,	O
working	O
on	O
people	O
's	O
houses	O
and	O
restoring	O
furniture	O
.	O


Times	O
were	O
tough	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
during	O
this	O
period	O
that	O
he	O
found	O
what	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
probing	O
for	O
in	O
his	O
use	O
of	O
line	O
,	O
and	O
started	O
on	O
the	O
"	O
fuzzy	O
people	O
"	O
phase	O
of	O
his	O
output	O
.	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
's	O
fuzzy	O
people	O
were	O
born	O
into	O
his	O
work	O
as	O
if	O
by	O
a	O
natural	O
process	O
.	O


While	O
experimenting	O
with	O
a	O
tangle	O
of	O
lines	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
found	O
unidentifiable	O
clusters	O
taking	O
shape	O
,	O
from	O
which	O
human	O
forms	O
began	O
to	O
emerge	O
.	O


"	O
This	O
was	O
something	O
I	O
really	O
knew	O
I	O
could	O
work	O
with	O
,	O
"	O
recalls	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
"	O
seizing	O
that	O
special	O
thing	O
of	O
your	O
own	O
,	O
"	O
which	O
for	O
an	O
artist	O
is	O
of	O
the	O
utmost	O
importance	O
.	O


Like	O
a	O
Taoist	B-NORP
priest	O
painting	O
magic	O
symbols	O
,	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
uses	O
line	O
to	O
create	O
human	O
figures	O
and	O
the	O
written	O
word	O
to	O
invoke	O
power	O
.	O


With	O
rapid	O
,	O
sweeping	O
strokes	O
of	O
the	O
brush	O
he	O
creates	O
fluid	O
,	O
free	O
-	O
floating	O
figures	O
,	O
without	O
faces	O
or	O
personalities	O
,	O
performing	O
their	O
allotted	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
a	O
coldly	O
linear	O
realm	O
.	O


The	O
resulting	O
images	O
reflect	O
the	O
alienation	O
of	O
modern	O
life	O
,	O
conveying	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
illusion	O
and	O
impermanence	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
that	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
himself	O
,	O
the	O
lifelong	O
drifter	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
prototype	O
for	O
these	O
blurry	O
beings	O
.	O


But	O
then	O
again	O
,	O
which	O
of	O
us	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
transit	O
,	O
drifting	O
through	O
this	O
brief	O
existence	O
?	O


"	O
As	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
say	O
,	O
man	O
is	O
a	O
passenger	O
through	O
life	O
who	O
is	O
gone	O
in	O
an	O
instant	O
.	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
fuzzy	O
people	O
exist	O
very	O
much	O
within	O
this	O
Eastern	B-NORP
philosophical	O
context	O
.	O
"	O


So	O
says	O
Fu	B-PERSON
Shen	I-PERSON
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
judges	O
in	O
the	O
fine	O
arts	O
category	O
for	O
the	O
2000	B-DATE
National	B-ORG
Culture	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Arts	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
awards	O
.	O


While	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
Hsia	B-PERSON
received	O
a	O
letter	O
from	O
a	O
friend	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
saying	O
:	O
"	O
Life	O
is	O
easier	O
here	O
.	O
"	O


Soon	O
afterwards	O
he	O
moved	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
renting	O
a	O
cheap	O
loft	O
in	O
SoHo	B-LOC
and	O
supporting	O
himself	O
as	O
a	O
furniture	O
restorer	O
.	O


Photorealism	O
was	O
the	O
vogue	O
in	O
American	B-NORP
painting	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


It	O
did	O
n't	O
appeal	O
to	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
at	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
but	O
he	O
knew	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
learn	O
something	O
in	O
his	O
new	O
country	O
of	O
residence	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
he	O
needed	O
to	O
produce	O
work	O
that	O
was	O
commercially	O
viable	O
.	O


He	O
began	O
employing	O
photographic	O
effects	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
depicting	O
a	O
crowd	O
of	O
passersby	O
on	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
street	O
as	O
a	O
speeding	O
blur	O
.	O


His	O
work	O
now	O
became	O
populated	O
with	O
"	O
floating	O
people	O
"	O
of	O
this	O
kind	O
,	O
although	O
in	O
spirit	O
they	O
were	O
still	O
the	O
fuzzy	O
people	O
of	O
his	O
earlier	O
period	O
.	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
spent	O
over	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
painting	O
in	O
the	O
cavernous	O
gloom	O
of	O
his	O
loft	O
,	O
eating	O
Chinese	B-NORP
food	O
and	O
listening	O
to	O
traditional	O
Chinese	B-NORP
opera	O
music	O
.	O


The	O
walls	O
of	O
the	O
loft	O
were	O
pasted	O
with	O
simple	O
verses	O
,	O
written	O
by	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
in	O
language	O
that	O
was	O
part	O
literary	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
part	O
colloquial	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
was	O
like	O
a	O
Chinese	B-NORP
person	O
dwelling	O
in	O
a	O
Chinese	B-NORP
concession	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
"	O
says	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
with	O
a	O
laugh	O
.	O


The	O
biggest	O
boon	O
of	O
living	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
was	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
where	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
met	O
his	O
wife	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Shuang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsi	I-PERSON
.	O


Wu	B-PERSON
had	O
grown	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
contented	O
home	O
never	O
knowing	O
poverty	O
,	O
and	O
held	O
a	O
PhD	B-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
philosophy	O
.	O


She	O
met	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
through	O
the	O
painter	O
Hsieh	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fa	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
since	O
then	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
have	O
shared	O
a	O
simple	O
and	O
quiet	O
life	O
together	O
.	O


"	O
Feeling	O
anxious	O
when	O
the	O
old	O
lady	O
's	O
not	O
here	O
,	O
and	O
looking	O
listlessly	O
out	O
the	O
window	O
/	O
So	O
bored	O
of	O
this	O
dumb	O
view	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
much	O
better	O
when	O
the	O
silly	O
little	O
thing	O
's	O
around	O
.	O
"	O


So	O
runs	O
one	O
of	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
's	O
light	O
-	O
hearted	O
couplets	O
,	O
testifying	O
to	O
the	O
affection	O
that	O
unites	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
people	O
who	O
only	O
came	O
together	O
relatively	O
late	O
in	O
life	O
.	O


Going	O
home	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
returned	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
after	O
three	B-DATE
decades	I-DATE
away	O
.	O


With	O
a	O
basic	O
source	O
of	O
income	O
guaranteed	O
through	O
an	O
art	O
-	O
gallery	O
contract	O
,	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
rented	O
a	O
spacious	O
,	O
light	O
-	O
filled	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
story	O
house	O
in	O
Peitou	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
new	O
place	O
was	O
ideal	O
for	O
painting	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
NT$	B-MONEY
35,000	I-MONEY
per	O
month	O
the	O
rent	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
high	O
side	O
.	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
's	O
"	O
silly	O
little	O
"	O
wife	O
was	O
in	O
tears	O
when	O
it	O
came	O
to	O
signing	O
the	O
lease	O
,	O
worrying	O
that	O
eventually	O
they	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
afford	O
the	O
rent	O
.	O


Luckily	O
Professor	O
Li	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wen	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Arts	I-ORG
offered	O
to	O
support	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
tune	O
of	O
NT$	B-MONEY
10,000	I-MONEY
per	O
month	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
their	O
return	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
wife	O
were	O
thus	O
able	O
to	O
settle	O
themselves	O
down	O
.	O


"	O
At	O
key	O
moments	O
,	O
a	O
little	O
help	O
from	O
your	O
friends	O
can	O
make	O
all	O
the	O
difference	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
.	O


Financial	O
help	O
from	O
his	O
friends	O
at	O
such	O
moments	O
was	O
what	O
enabled	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
to	O
go	O
abroad	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
and	O
then	O
,	O
eventually	O
,	O
to	O
return	O
again	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
something	O
that	O
the	O
reserved	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
has	O
frequent	O
cause	O
to	O
think	O
about	O
.	O


After	O
returning	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
reverted	O
to	O
painting	O
fuzzy	O
people	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
's	O
fuzzy	O
people	O
have	O
taken	O
on	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
different	O
guises	O
,	O
be	O
it	O
as	O
judges	O
,	O
singers	O
,	O
couples	O
,	O
beach	O
babes	O
or	O
whatever	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
mimicked	O
famous	O
icons	O
of	O
Western	B-NORP
art	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Mona	I-WORK_OF_ART
Lisa	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
Millet	B-PERSON
's	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Gleaners	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
and	O
Botticelli	B-PERSON
's	O
Venus	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
and	O
now	O
the	O
fuzzy	O
family	O
includes	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
figures	O
from	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
Buddhist	B-NORP
pantheon	O
,	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
works	O
that	O
examines	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
religion	O
in	O
people	O
's	O
lives	O
.	O


For	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
,	O
all	O
characters	O
are	O
fair	O
game	O
for	O
inclusion	O
in	O
his	O
work	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
end	O
up	O
reverting	O
to	O
nothingness	O
.	O


Fuzzy	O
people	O
stand	O
up	O


Why	O
is	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
so	O
into	O
"	O
fuzzy	O
people	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
has	O
he	O
ever	O
thought	O
about	O
trying	O
something	O
else	O
?	O


The	O
painter	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
he	O
ca	O
n't	O
predict	O
what	O
direction	O
he	O
may	O
follow	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
and	O
says	O
that	O
if	O
a	O
new	O
theme	O
or	O
style	O
emerges	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
through	O
a	O
natural	O
process	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
that	O
first	B-ORDINAL
gave	O
birth	O
to	O
the	O
fuzzy	O
people	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
Hsia	B-PERSON
's	O
fuzzy	O
people	O
at	O
last	O
"	O
stood	O
up	O
"	O
for	O
themselves	O
,	O
becoming	O
sculptures	O
rather	O
than	O
just	O
images	O
on	O
paper	O
.	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
was	O
fiddling	O
with	O
an	O
aluminum	O
ring	O
from	O
a	O
broken	O
hair	O
-	O
dryer	O
,	O
shaping	O
it	O
into	O
a	O
little	O
figure	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
idea	O
dawned	O
of	O
doing	O
fuzzy	O
people	O
in	O
solid	O
form	O
.	O


By	O
cutting	O
and	O
twisting	O
pieces	O
of	O
copper	O
,	O
iron	O
and	O
steel	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
produce	O
amusing	O
little	O
statuettes	O
of	O
his	O
hitherto	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
dimensional	O
fuzzy	O
people	O
.	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
's	O
friends	O
were	O
not	O
surprised	O
by	O
his	O
move	O
into	O
sculpture	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
good	O
with	O
his	O
hands	O
.	O


In	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
he	O
once	O
made	O
a	O
hand	O
-	O
operated	O
washing	O
machine	O
from	O
a	O
saucepan	O
and	O
several	O
pieces	O
of	O
wood	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
another	O
occasion	O
he	O
used	O
the	O
motor	O
from	O
an	O
electric	O
fan	O
to	O
power	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
adjusting	O
easel	O
.	O


In	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
's	O
hands	O
,	O
all	O
sorts	O
of	O
discarded	O
objects	O
,	O
from	O
sewing	O
machines	O
to	O
camera	O
lenses	O
,	O
are	O
salvaged	O
and	O
put	O
to	O
good	O
use	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
'm	O
the	B-PERSON
Leonardo	I-PERSON
da	I-PERSON
Vinci	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
Orient	B-LOC
,	O
"	O
chuckles	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
.	O


Returning	O
East	B-LOC
has	O
brought	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
back	O
into	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
"	O
Outlaws	O
"	O
who	O
used	O
to	O
dominate	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
art	O
scene	O
.	O


Of	O
those	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Tao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ming	I-PERSON
has	O
since	O
given	O
up	O
art	O
and	O
gone	O
into	O
business	O
,	O
Li	B-PERSON
Yuan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chia	I-PERSON
passed	O
away	O
in	O
Britain	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Ouyang	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yuan	I-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
paint	O
any	O
more	O
because	O
of	O
psychological	O
problems	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
Hsiao	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
,	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Hao	I-PERSON
,	O
Huo	B-PERSON
Kang	I-PERSON
and	O
Hsiao	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsien	I-PERSON
are	O
all	O
still	O
active	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
reunion	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
declared	O
proudly	O
:	O
"	O
We	O
're	O
the	O
same	O
merry	O
band	O
of	O
rebels	O
,	O
still	O
advancing	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
!	O
"	O


For	O
artists	O
to	O
produce	O
outstanding	O
work	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
immerse	O
themselves	O
utterly	O
in	O
the	O
act	O
of	O
creation	O
.	O


These	O
painters	O
,	O
remaining	O
committed	O
to	O
the	O
"	O
pure	O
"	O
creative	O
spirit	O
and	O
thoroughly	O
loyal	O
to	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
art	O
,	O
are	O
still	O
the	O
same	O
old	O
"	O
outlaws	O
"	O
that	O
they	O
ever	O
were	O
.	O


p.	O
072	B-CARDINAL


A	O
fully	O
functioning	O
camera	O
made	O
by	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
,	O
using	O
a	O
salvaged	O
lens	O
.	O


This	B-PERSON
"	I-PERSON
da	I-PERSON
Vinci	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
East	B-LOC
"	O
is	O
an	O
expert	O
furniture	O
restorer	O
and	O
is	O
also	O
skilled	O
at	O
giving	O
discarded	O
objects	O
a	O
new	O
life	O
.	O


p.	O
073	B-CARDINAL


This	O
sheet	O
of	O
paper	O
carries	O
an	O
inventory	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
pennies	O
,	O
nickels	O
,	O
dimes	O
and	O
quarters	O
in	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
possession	O
in	O
1979	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


p.	O
072	B-CARDINAL


Kindly	O
and	O
amiable	O
,	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
is	O
an	O
artist	O
to	O
the	O
core	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Pu	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
074	B-CARDINAL


Acrylic	O
-LRB-	O
1990	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
91	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


After	O
returning	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
began	O
to	O
do	O
fuzzy	O
-	O
people	O
renditions	O
of	O
figures	O
from	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
Buddhist	B-NORP
pantheon	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Eslite	B-ORG
Gallery	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


p.	O
075	B-CARDINAL


Sword	B-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Lion	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Mouth	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	I-WORK_OF_ART


Acrylic	O
-LRB-	O
1997	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ton	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Fan	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
were	O
committed	O
to	O
revitalizing	O
traditional	O
Chinese	B-NORP
art	O
with	O
an	O
injection	O
of	O
Western	B-NORP
creative	O
concepts	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
a	O
feature	O
of	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
work	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Eslite	B-ORG
Gallery	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


p.	O
076	B-CARDINAL


Acrylic	O
-LRB-	O
1997	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Birth	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Venus	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
a	O
classic	O
of	O
Western	B-NORP
art	O
,	O
provided	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
with	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
models	O
.	O


And	O
with	O
her	O
features	O
blurred	O
,	O
does	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Mona	I-WORK_OF_ART
Lisa	I-WORK_OF_ART
still	O
symbolize	O
beauty	O
?	O


p.	O
077	B-CARDINAL


Vote	O
.	O


Oil	O
-LRB-	O
1989	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


While	O
living	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Hsia	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
drew	O
on	O
photorealism	O
to	O
produce	O
his	O
"	O
floating	O
people	O
"	O
series	O
of	O
paintings	O
.	O


p.	O
078	B-CARDINAL


Meditating	B-WORK_OF_ART
Person	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	I-WORK_OF_ART


Copper	O
-LRB-	O
1999	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


Hsia	B-PERSON
's	O
fuzzy	O
people	O
have	O
taken	O
on	O
solid	O
form	O
,	O
sculpted	O
from	O
copper	O
and	O
iron	O
.	O


Compared	O
with	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
dimensional	O
versions	O
they	O
lose	O
their	O
satirical	O
edge	O
,	O
but	O
gain	O
in	O
playful	O
appearance	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Eslite	B-ORG
Gallery	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


MacDonald	B-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Emigrating	O
to	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
:	O
A	O
Veteran	O
Shares	O
His	O
Experience	O


-LRB-	O
Chuang	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
David	B-PERSON
Mayer	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
prospect	O
of	O
emigrating	O
to	O
Shang	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
hai	I-GPE
has	O
caught	O
the	O
imagination	O
of	O
middle	O
-	O
class	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
waves	O
of	O
business	O
persons	O
have	O
been	O
pouring	O
into	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
since	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
is	O
that	O
really	O
such	O
a	O
good	O
idea	O
?	O


What	O
happens	O
when	O
a	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
expatriate	O
settles	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
?	O


Taiwanese	B-NORP
businessman	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Pin	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
moved	O
to	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
a	O
decade	O
ago	O
,	O
has	O
written	O
of	O
his	O
experiences	O
in	O
Emigrating	O
to	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
has	O
sold	O
like	O
hotcakes	O
since	O
it	O
was	O
published	O
just	O
last	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
by	O
Shang	B-ORG
Hsun	I-ORG
Cultural	I-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
.	O


When	O
you	O
think	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
what	O
comes	O
to	O
mind	O
?	O


The	O
grand	O
promenade	O
and	O
European	B-NORP
-	O
style	O
buildings	O
along	O
the	O
Bund	B-LOC
?	O


The	O
bustling	O
shopping	O
district	O
where	O
foreigners	O
congregated	O
in	O
the	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
foreign	O
concessions	O
?	O


Du	B-PERSON
Yuesheng	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
notorious	O
Shanghai	B-ORG
Green	I-ORG
Gang	I-ORG
?	O


The	O
novels	O
of	O
Eileen	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
?	O


Big	O
city	O
,	O
tricky	O
ropes	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Pin	I-PERSON
opened	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
business	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
over	B-DATE
ten	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
intervening	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
he	O
has	O
run	O
a	O
bread	O
factory	O
,	O
restaurants	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
fast	O
food	O
shop	O
.	O


His	O
son	O
is	O
treated	O
as	O
a	O
PRC	B-GPE
citizen	O
,	O
and	O
attends	O
university	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
survivor	O
of	O
many	O
ups	O
and	O
downs	O
himself	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
gives	O
detailed	O
descriptions	O
of	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
problems	O
faced	O
by	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
business	O
persons	O
in	O
the	O
mainland	O
.	O


The	O
book	O
describes	O
the	O
property	O
market	O
,	O
cross-strait	O
marriage	O
,	O
starting	O
a	O
business	O
,	O
children	O
's	O
education	O
,	O
shopping	O
,	O
recreation	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
not	O
stop	O
at	O
mere	O
description	O
,	O
however	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
offers	O
suggestions	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
cope	O
with	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
difficulties	O
.	O


This	O
book	O
can	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
how	O
to	O
"	O
manual	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
would	O
follow	O
in	O
this	O
footsteps	O
.	O


Chen	O
offers	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
very	O
useful	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
Shanghai	O
property	O
market	O
.	O


All	O
land	O
is	O
owned	O
by	O
the	O
state	O
,	O
so	O
when	O
you	O
buy	O
a	O
building	O
,	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
gain	O
outright	O
ownership	O
.	O


All	O
you	O
get	O
is	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
.	O


Property	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
is	O
divided	O
into	O
various	O
categories	O
,	O
and	O
Chen	B-PERSON
explains	O
various	O
terms	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
Foreign	O
business	O
buildings	O
"	O
can	O
be	O
purchased	O
by	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
and	O
persons	O
with	O
a	O
foreign	O
passport	O
.	O


Buildings	O
sold	O
on	O
the	O
domestic	O
market	O
to	O
PRC	B-GPE
firms	O
are	O
called	O
shang	O
pin	O
fang	O
,	O
or	O
literally	O
,	O
"	O
commercial	O
buildings	O
.	O
"	O


Buildings	O
owned	O
by	O
the	O
state	O
are	O
called	O
gong	O
fang	O
,	O
or	O
"	O
public	O
buildings	O
.	O
"	O


Buildings	O
owned	O
by	O
private	O
individuals	O
are	O
called	O
si	O
fang	O
,	O
or	O
"	O
private	O
buildings	O
.	O
"	O


If	O
you	O
've	O
paid	O
all	O
your	O
property	O
taxes	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
given	O
a	O
da	O
chan	O
zheng	O
,	O
or	O
"	O
big	O
"	O
property	O
certificate	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
have	O
n't	O
yet	O
paid	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
only	O
get	O
a	O
"	O
small	O
"	O
property	O
certificate	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
sell	O
your	O
property	O
.	O


Some	O
buildings	O
can	O
be	O
bought	O
with	O
a	O
loan	O
,	O
but	O
others	O
ca	O
n't	O
.	O


Newly	O
arrived	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
business	O
persons	O
often	O
make	O
bad	O
judgments	O
if	O
they	O
plunge	O
into	O
the	O
market	O
without	O
studying	O
it	O
carefully	O
first	O
,	O
so	O
Chen	B-PERSON
suggests	O
the	O
following	O
rules	O
of	O
thumb	O
:	O
The	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
property	O
market	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
slump	O
,	O
so	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
rush	O
into	O
a	O
purchase	O
.	O


A	O
buyer	O
must	O
be	O
very	O
clear	O
about	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
any	O
property	O
purchase	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
safest	O
to	O
buy	O
property	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Municipal	I-ORG
Government	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
biggest	O
and	O
most	O
reliable	O
real	O
estate	O
developer	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


One	O
must	O
not	O
estimate	O
potential	O
earnings	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
experience	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


You	O
get	O
more	O
for	O
money	O
when	O
renting	O
than	O
when	O
buying	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
stand	O
on	O
your	O
rights	O
at	O
all	O
times	O
,	O
and	O
be	O
very	O
careful	O
not	O
to	O
let	O
friends	O
and	O
relatives	O
use	O
their	O
personal	O
ties	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


Secrets	O
to	O
success	O


When	O
hard	O
-	O
charging	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
businessmen	O
meet	O
up	O
with	O
their	O
smooth	O
-	O
talking	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
counterparts	O
,	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
often	O
come	O
away	O
with	O
the	O
short	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
stick	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
vendors	O
at	O
open	O
-	O
air	O
markets	O
hawking	O
crabs	O
or	O
pears	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
proprietors	O
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
-	O
star	O
clubs	O
that	O
target	O
a	O
foreign	O
clientele	O
,	O
everyone	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
looks	O
at	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
business	O
persons	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
:	O


"	O
Oh	O
boy	O
,	O
here	O
comes	O
an	O
easy	O
mark	O
!	O


Let	O
's	O
skin	O
him	O
alive	O
!	O
"	O


Chen	B-PERSON
laments	O
,	O
"	O
The	O
old	O
lady	O
at	O
the	O
market	O
sells	O
beans	O
to	O
everybody	O
else	O
at	O
80	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
per	O
jin	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
jacks	O
up	O
the	O
price	O
on	O
me	O
to	O
two	B-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O
"	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
only	O
a	O
cut	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
dried	O
business	O
transaction	O
.	O


Personal	O
relationships	O
and	O
marriage	O
get	O
a	O
lot	O
more	O
complicated	O
.	O


Taiwanese	B-NORP
men	O
tend	O
to	O
fall	O
like	O
a	O
ton	O
of	O
bricks	O
for	O
the	O
pretty	O
,	O
sweet	O
-	O
talking	O
women	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
that	O
signals	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
all	O
sorts	O
of	O
problems	O
.	O


Single	O
men	O
practically	O
shout	O
it	O
out	O
:	O
"	O
My	O
girlfriend	O
is	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
.	O
"	O


Those	O
who	O
already	O
have	O
wives	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
will	O
tell	O
you	O
in	O
a	O
low	O
whisper	O
:	O
"	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
mistress	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
I	O
'm	O
taking	O
care	O
of	O
all	O
her	O
expenses	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
women	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
are	O
well	O
known	O
for	O
their	O
liberated	O
ways	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
no	O
simple	O
matter	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
men	O
there	O
to	O
handle	O
their	O
business	O
and	O
emotional	O
affairs	O
wisely	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
argues	O
that	O
allowing	O
direct	O
travel	O
between	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
mainland	O
would	O
make	O
it	O
much	O
more	O
difficult	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
men	O
to	O
keep	O
mistresses	O
in	O
the	O
mainland	O
,	O
and	O
would	O
go	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
toward	O
clearing	O
up	O
all	O
the	O
cross-strait	O
marital	O
and	O
romantic	O
problems	O
that	O
now	O
occur	O
so	O
often	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
offers	O
several	O
pieces	O
of	O
advice	O
for	O
all	O
who	O
would	O
head	O
for	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
whether	O
alone	O
or	O
with	O
their	O
families	O
.	O


Shopping	O
:	O


"	O
You	O
should	O
establish	O
a	O
reputation	O
for	O
being	O
tight	O
-	O
fisted	O
.	O
"	O


When	O
you	O
buy	O
things	O
,	O
pretend	O
not	O
to	O
have	O
as	O
much	O
money	O
as	O
they	O
're	O
demanding	O
.	O


Ask	O
questions	O
,	O
and	O
keep	O
asking	O
until	O
you	O
get	O
clear	O
answers	O
before	O
you	O
pay	O
anybody	O
any	O
money	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
keeping	O
a	O
low	O
profile	O
is	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
self	O
-	O
defense	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
be	O
careful	O
not	O
to	O
flaunt	O
knowledge	O
or	O
ability	O
.	O


General	O
attitude	O
:	O


"	O
The	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
are	O
considered	O
uncultured	O
boors	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
their	O
wealth	O
.	O


Live	O
down	O
that	O
image	O
.	O


Be	O
humble	O
.	O


Get	O
to	O
know	O
the	O
daily	O
lives	O
of	O
people	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
.	O
"	O


Looking	O
out	O
for	O
No.	B-CARDINAL
1	I-CARDINAL
:	O


"	O
You	O
must	O
understand	O
that	O
undercurrents	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
are	O
strong	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
stay	O
afloat	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
people	O
enjoy	O
watching	O
your	O
struggle	O
;	O
they	O
're	O
hoping	O
you	O
'll	O
go	O
under	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
legal	O
systems	O
and	O
government	O
policies	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
operate	O
under	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


Markets	O
change	O
overnight	O
,	O
and	O
personal	O
relationships	O
are	O
ambiguous	O
.	O


Trust	O
no	O
one	O
,	O
for	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
looking	O
to	O
save	O
you	O
a	O
penny	O
or	O
help	O
you	O
earn	O
a	O
bit	O
extra	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
on	O
your	O
own	O
.	O
"	O


You	O
're	O
not	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
anymore	O


In	O
both	O
emotional	O
and	O
historical	O
terms	O
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
seems	O
very	O
near	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
fact	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
unfamiliar	O
place	O
.	O


Our	O
dreams	O
,	O
yearnings	O
,	O
and	O
imaginings	O
blind	O
us	O
to	O
the	O
truth	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
especially	O
true	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
business	O
persons	O
.	O


The	O
book	O
's	O
subtitle	O
,	O
A	B-WORK_OF_ART
Meeting	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Taiwanese	I-WORK_OF_ART
Experience	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Shanghai	I-WORK_OF_ART
Style	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
hints	O
at	O
the	O
conflicts	O
inherent	O
in	O
the	O
relationship	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
people	O
on	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
share	O
a	O
common	O
language	O
and	O
ethnicity	O
,	O
our	O
long	O
separation	O
has	O
given	O
rise	O
to	O
sharply	O
divergent	O
values	O
and	O
ways	O
of	O
thinking	O
.	O


When	O
someone	O
from	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
says	O
,	O
"	O
This	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
big	O
problem	O
,	O
"	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
realize	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
just	O
acknowledged	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
problem	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
up	O
to	O
you	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
how	O
serious	O
it	O
really	O
is	O
.	O


Taiwanese	B-NORP
ways	O
do	O
n't	O
fly	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
.	O


Do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
eat	O
the	O
famous	O
steamed	O
mantou	O
buns	O
at	O
Nanxiang	B-ORG
Restaurant	I-ORG
?	O


Shop	O
for	O
antiques	O
?	O


Visit	O
Zhouzhuang	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
"	O
Venice	B-GPE
of	O
the	O
Orient	B-LOC
"	O
?	O


Before	O
you	O
take	O
off	O
,	O
do	O
your	O
homework	O
.	O


Shanghai	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
big	O
city	O
,	O
after	O
all	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
plenty	O
of	O
"	O
crouching	O
dragons	O
and	O
hidden	O
tigers	O
"	O
lurking	O
in	O
the	O
shadows	O
.	O


p.	O
102	B-CARDINAL
Author	O
:	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Pin	I-PERSON
Shang	B-ORG
Hsun	I-ORG
Cultural	I-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
Address	O
:	O
132	B-CARDINAL
Tali	O
Street	O
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
Tel	O
:	O
-LRB-02-RRB-	B-CARDINAL
2338	B-CARDINAL
-	O
0861	O
Fax	O
:	O
-LRB-02-RRB-	B-CARDINAL
2308	B-CARDINAL
-	O
4608	O
Date	O
published	O
:	O
October	B-DATE
2000	I-DATE
Price	O
:	O
NT$	B-MONEY
240	I-MONEY


The	O
Human	O
Resources	O
Industry	O
:	O


A	O
Cooling	O
Economy	O
Heats	O
Up	O
the	O
Competition	O


-LRB-	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Sue	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
feng	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Newell	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


As	O
the	O
global	O
economy	O
enters	O
a	O
down	O
-	O
turn	O
,	O
unemployment	O
,	O
like	O
an	O
already	O
-	O
stretched	O
balloon	O
being	O
filled	O
relentlessly	O
with	O
air	O
,	O
threatens	O
to	O
burst	O
and	O
spoil	O
the	O
dream	O
of	O
economic	O
security	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
unemployment	O
rate	O
surpassed	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
now	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
300,000	I-CARDINAL
people	O
are	O
jobless	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
economy	O
fades	O
,	O
business	O
increases	O
for	O
human	O
resources	O
companies	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
condition	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
for	O
HR	O
firms	O
becomes	O
a	O
reflection	O
of	O
the	O
overall	O
employment	O
situation	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
estimated	O
that	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
an	O
ordinary	O
person	O
will	O
change	O
jobs	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
times	O
in	O
a	O
typical	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
40	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
working	O
lifespan	O
.	O


People	O
revolve	O
in	O
a	O
circle	O
whose	O
defining	O
points	O
are	O
employment	O
,	O
job	O
shifts	O
,	O
and	O
unemployment	O
.	O


So	O
long	O
as	O
people	O
want	O
to	O
find	O
work	O
or	O
change	O
their	O
jobs	O
,	O
the	O
human	O
resources	O
industry	O
has	O
a	O
future	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
Internet	O
technology	O
has	O
brought	O
a	O
revolution	O
to	O
this	O
market	O
which	O
had	O
changed	O
so	O
little	O
for	O
so	O
long	O
.	O


Take	O
this	O
job	O
and	O
....	O


The	O
largest	O
human	O
resources	O
company	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
the	B-ORG
104	I-ORG
Job	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
firm	O
's	O
name	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
number	O
for	O
directory	O
assistance	O
,	O
and	O
suggests	O
that	O
"	O
To	O
look	O
for	O
a	O
job	O
should	O
be	O
as	O
easy	O
as	O
getting	O
a	O
phone	O
number	O
from	O
the	O
operator	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
company	O
currently	O
has	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
55,000	I-CARDINAL
jobs	O
and	O
65,000	B-CARDINAL
job	O
-	O
seekers	O
on	O
file	O
.	O


104	B-ORG
vice	O
president	O
Steven	B-PERSON
Su	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
reliable	O
statistics	O
for	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
human	O
resources	O
market	O
,	O
because	O
newspapers	O
refuse	O
to	O
disclose	O
their	O
revenues	O
from	O
classified	O
ads	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
spaces	O
used	O
and	O
prices	O
charged	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
reach	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
NT$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
even	O
a	O
conservative	O
estimate	O
would	O
be	O
NT$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
of	O
which	O
NT$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
would	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
Internet	O
employment	O
services	O
market	O
.	O


An	O
indicator	O
of	O
how	O
good	O
this	O
market	O
looks	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
actions	O
of	O
the	O
United	B-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
group	O
.	O


The	O
UDN	B-ORG
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
investors	O
behind	O
a	O
new	O
employment	O
magazine	O
called	O
Biung	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
designed	O
in	O
the	O
pattern	O
of	O
Japanese	B-NORP
employment	O
magazines	O
,	O
and	O
hit	O
the	O
market	O
in	O
October	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
UDN	B-ORG
group	O
also	O
opened	O
a	O
website	O
called	O
"	O
udnjob	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


Why	O
does	O
this	O
venerable	O
media	O
giant	O
look	O
so	O
favorably	O
on	O
the	O
human	O
resources	O
market	O
?	O


Johnson	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
,	O
vice-president	O
of	O
UDN	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Biung	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
company	O
that	O
publishes	O
Biung	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
who	O
has	O
many	O
years	O
of	O
experience	O
in	O
publishing	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
limit	O
to	O
how	O
many	O
people	O
are	O
reached	O
by	O
classified	O
advertising	O
.	O


Based	O
on	O
a	O
survey	O
conducted	O
by	O
AC	B-PERSON
Nielsen	I-PERSON
,	O
only	O
about	B-PERCENT
3	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
individuals	O
buy	O
newspapers	O
to	O
read	O
the	O
classified	O
ads	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
from	O
a	O
firm	O
's	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
Lee	B-PERSON
confesses	O
,	O
classified	O
ads	O
are	O
"	O
in	O
fact	O
rather	O
expensive	O
.	O
"	O


It	O
costs	O
over	B-MONEY
NT$	I-MONEY
10,000	I-MONEY
for	O
an	O
ad	O
of	O
about	B-QUANTITY
five	I-QUANTITY
centimeters	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
.	O


From	O
the	O
newspaper	O
's	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
classified	O
ads	O
are	O
n't	O
such	O
a	O
hot	O
property	O
either	O
,	O
since	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
profit	O
goes	O
to	O
the	O
middlemen	O
who	O
take	O
the	O
ads	O
.	O


These	O
limitations	O
to	O
the	O
traditional	O
job	O
hunting	O
formula	O
are	O
unlikely	O
to	O
be	O
resolved	O
in	O
the	O
short	O
term	O
,	O
says	O
Lee	B-PERSON
.	O


Lee	B-PERSON
explains	O
:	O
"	O
Looking	O
at	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
experience	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Asahi	I-ORG
Shimbun	I-ORG
has	O
a	O
daily	O
circulation	O
of	O
about	B-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
,	O
but	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
page	O
of	O
classified	O
advertising	O
.	O


Those	O
looking	O
for	O
new	O
jobs	O
rely	O
more	O
on	O
employment	O
magazines	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
attraction	O
for	O
similar	O
magazines	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
being	O
helped	O
along	O
by	O
the	O
current	O
fad	O
for	O
things	O
Japanese	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
also	O
by	O
changes	O
in	O
how	O
publications	O
are	O
being	O
sold	O
,	O
with	O
convenience	O
stores	O
getting	O
publications	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
shelves	O
much	O
faster	O
than	O
traditional	O
bookstores	O
ever	O
could	O
.	O


"	O
With	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
larger	O
environment	O
and	O
the	O
maturing	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
jump	O
in	O
.	O
"	O


"	O
The	O
economy	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
downturn	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
human	O
resources	O
market	O
always	O
goes	O
against	O
the	O
current	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Lee	B-PERSON
.	O


In	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
the	O
"	O
bubble	O
economy	O
"	O
phenomenon	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
worst	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
human	O
resources	O
firms	O
competing	O
.	O


The	O
leading	O
company	O
had	O
an	O
after	O
-	O
tax	O
income	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
US$	B-MONEY
90	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Though	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
suggestions	O
that	O
the	O
Internet	O
is	O
already	O
becoming	O
the	O
main	O
way	O
to	O
find	O
employment	O
,	O
Lee	B-PERSON
contends	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
obstacles	O
to	O
entry	O
are	O
still	O
great	O
"	O
for	O
the	O
ordinary	O
person	O
:	O
You	O
have	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
computer	O
and	O
be	O
online	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
find	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
looking	O
for	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
consider	O
this	O
,	O
print	O
media	O
is	O
still	O
much	O
more	O
convenient	O
.	O


The	O
big	O
get	O
bigger	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
largest	O
media	O
groups	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
whose	O
flagship	O
papers	O
are	O
United	B-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
,	O
began	O
invading	O
the	O
human	O
resources	O
market	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
existing	O
job	O
banks	O
went	O
on	O
a	O
binge	O
of	O
mergers	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
Career	B-ORG
Magazine	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
has	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
of	O
experience	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
founded	O
an	O
e-	O
counterpart	O
,	O
which	O
then	O
merged	O
with	O
the	O
"	O
37	B-ORG
"	O
employment	O
website	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
resulting	O
site	O
is	O
now	O
called	O
www.Career.com	B-WORK_OF_ART
-RRB-	O
to	O
provide	O
even	O
more	O
comprehensive	O
services	O
.	O


The	O
big	O
may	O
have	O
gotten	O
bigger	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
has	O
n't	O
stopped	O
newcomers	O
from	O
jumping	O
into	O
the	O
fray	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Southeast	I-ORG
Asia	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
had	O
previously	O
specialized	O
in	O
bringing	O
foreign	O
labor	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
founded	O
the	B-ORG
1111	I-ORG
Manpower	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
five	B-CARDINAL
main	O
markets	O
:	O
education	O
,	O
civil	O
service	O
,	O
finance	O
,	O
technology	O
,	O
and	O
part	O
-	O
time	O
work	O
for	O
students	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
interesting	O
thing	O
about	O
the	O
job	O
bank	O
industry	O
is	O
that	O
no	O
rules	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
have	O
yet	O
taken	O
shape	O
for	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
much	O
room	O
for	O
change	O
and	O
flexibility	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
guess	O
how	O
much	O
the	O
market	O
might	O
change	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
1111	B-ORG
public	O
relations	O
manager	O
Linda	B-PERSON
Miao	I-PERSON
.	O


Established	O
firms	O
start	O
with	O
the	O
advantage	O
that	O
many	O
people	O
turn	O
to	O
them	O
out	O
of	O
habit	O
.	O


But	O
their	O
weakness	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
information	O
overload	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
special	O
features	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
latecomers	O
want	O
to	O
transcend	O
the	O
old	O
media	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
try	O
a	O
different	O
approach	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
1111	I-ORG
Manpower	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
has	O
adopted	O
the	O
strategy	O
of	O
'	O
surrounding	O
the	O
cities	O
from	O
the	O
countryside	O
,	O
'	O
and	O
is	O
striving	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
small	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
enterprises	O
,	O
"	O
she	O
explains	O
.	O


Finding	O
a	O
profitable	O
market	O
niche	O
is	O
something	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
newcomers	O
have	O
in	O
mind	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Yam	B-ORG
Digital	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
and	O
InterServ	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
got	O
together	O
in	O
a	O
joint	O
venture	O
to	O
establish	O
HRGini	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
targets	O
middle	O
-	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
ranking	O
managers	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
fields	O
who	O
have	O
incomes	O
in	O
excess	O
of	O
one	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
NT	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
per	O
year	O
.	O


Director	O
Janet	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
relates	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
employs	O
state	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
art	O
psychological	O
profiling	O
services	O
,	O
with	O
job	O
candidates	O
first	B-ORDINAL
being	O
screened	O
by	O
a	O
psychological	O
consultant	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
on	O
-	O
one	B-CARDINAL
interviews	O
;	O
only	O
if	O
the	O
applicant	O
fits	O
the	O
corporate	O
culture	O
will	O
he	O
or	O
she	O
be	O
recommended	O
to	O
the	O
client	O
firm	O
.	O


Looking	O
to	O
Greater	B-LOC
China	I-LOC


One	B-CARDINAL
reason	O
that	O
people	O
are	O
so	O
optimistic	O
about	O
the	O
human	O
resources	O
market	O
is	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
leader	O
-	O
104	B-ORG
Job	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
began	O
turning	O
a	O
profit	O
after	O
only	B-DATE
one	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
operation	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
revenues	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
already	O
over	B-MONEY
NT$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
by	O
1999	B-DATE
,	O
shot	O
up	O
to	O
NT$	B-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
company	O
had	O
only	B-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
staff	O
members	O
when	O
they	O
set	O
up	O
shop	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
;	O
now	O
,	O
only	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
are	O
190	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Though	O
104	B-ORG
has	O
commissions	O
from	O
more	O
firms	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
dare	O
slack	O
off	O
.	O


Steven	B-PERSON
Su	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
"	O
we	O
will	O
always	O
have	O
competition	O
from	O
the	O
traditional	O
media	O
like	O
China	B-ORG
Times	I-ORG
and	O
United	B-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
"	O
because	O
after	O
all	O
,	O
104	B-ORG
only	O
works	O
through	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
not	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
fear	O
the	O
threat	O
from	O
the	O
CTCareer	B-ORG
website	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
under	O
the	O
China	B-ORG
Times	I-ORG
flag	O
,	O
nor	O
is	O
there	O
anything	O
especially	O
novel	O
about	O
the	O
exploitation	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
Internet	O
and	O
magazine	O
formats	O
by	O
the	O
UDN	B-ORG
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
Acer	B-ORG
Peripherals	I-ORG
invested	O
in	O
a	O
combination	O
website	O
and	O
magazine	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
exhausted	O
their	O
capital	O
within	O
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
Su	B-PERSON
is	O
skeptical	O
about	O
the	O
survivability	O
of	O
the	O
UDN	B-ORG
's	O
Biung	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
since	O
,	O
at	O
NT$	B-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
per	O
issue	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
selling	O
at	O
a	O
loss	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
the	O
people	O
at	O
UDN	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Biung	I-ORG
are	O
very	O
optimistic	O
.	O


As	O
Johnson	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
says	O
:	O
"	O
Some	O
people	O
try	O
to	O
open	O
the	O
market	O
with	O
a	O
shovel	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
using	O
a	O
bulldozer	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
UDN	B-ORG
group	O
is	O
undertaking	O
a	O
three	O
-	O
pronged	O
attack	O
to	O
crush	O
their	O
competition	O
:	O
continuing	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
wide	O
readership	O
of	O
newspapers	O
,	O
targeting	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
sector	O
through	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
and	O
using	O
the	O
magazine	O
format	O
for	O
regional	O
companies	O
with	O
small	O
budgets	O
.	O


Based	O
on	O
past	O
experience	O
,	O
most	O
companies	O
have	O
used	O
up	O
their	O
employment	O
advertising	O
budgets	O
by	O
year	B-DATE
's	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
,	O
so	O
the	O
market	O
is	O
at	O
a	O
low	O
ebb	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
when	O
the	B-EVENT
Chinese	I-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
passes	O
,	O
many	O
employees	O
,	O
having	O
collected	O
their	O
annual	O
bonuses	O
,	O
want	O
to	O
change	O
jobs	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
when	O
the	O
market	O
really	O
heats	O
up	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
manpower	O
industry	O
focuses	O
on	O
bringing	O
together	O
employers	O
with	O
job	O
-	O
seekers	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
much	O
more	O
to	O
it	O
these	O
days	O
than	O
passing	O
along	O
CVs	O
.	O


Firms	O
now	O
offer	O
psychological	O
screening	O
,	O
career	O
-	O
suitability	O
evaluations	O
,	O
job	O
training	O
,	O
and	O
reassignment	O
of	O
staff	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
all	O
these	O
firms	O
are	O
turning	O
their	O
eyes	O
toward	O
the	O
Greater	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
market	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
104	I-ORG
Job	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
has	O
been	O
operating	O
beyond	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
for	O
some	O
time	O
,	O
having	O
registered	O
its	O
trademark	O
and	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
website	O
in	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
-LRB-	O
though	O
it	O
uses	O
115	B-CARDINAL
in	O
the	O
mainland	O
since	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
directory	O
assistance	O
there	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


HRGini	B-ORG
's	O
Janet	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
huge	O
potential	O
client	O
base	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
-	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
region	I-LOC
for	O
tech	O
-	O
savvy	O
staff	O
.	O


And	O
Johnson	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
notes	O
:	O
"	O
If	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
can	O
become	O
the	O
main	O
axis	O
of	O
human	O
resources	O
management	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Greater	I-LOC
China	I-LOC
region	I-LOC
,	O
not	O
only	O
will	O
this	O
industry	O
not	O
be	O
adversely	O
affected	O
by	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
downturn	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
also	O
not	O
be	O
hurt	O
by	O
the	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
move	O
by	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
companies	O
to	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
.	O
"	O


As	O
we	O
watch	O
the	O
race	O
heating	O
up	O
between	O
amalgamated	O
veteran	O
firms	O
and	O
ambitious	O
newcomers	O
,	O
let	O
us	O
hope	O
that	O
the	O
real	O
winners	O
turn	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
employers	O
and	O
job	O
-	O
seekers	O
.	O


p.	O
107	B-CARDINAL


Magazines	O
are	O
also	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
the	O
job	O
-	O
hunting	O
market	O
.	O


p.	O
108	B-CARDINAL


The	O
husband	O
has	O
been	O
laid	O
off	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
money	O
for	O
the	O
children	O
's	O
tuition	O
.	O


What	O
can	O
one	O
do	O
?	O


Women	O
's	O
groups	O
have	O
protested	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
,	O
calling	O
for	O
more	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
unemployment	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
will	O
spend	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
NT$	I-MONEY
60	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
on	O
infrastructure	O
projects	O
expected	O
to	O
create	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
40,000	I-CARDINAL
jobs	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Asian	B-NORP
Values	O
vs.	O
Children	O
's	O
Rights	O


-LRB-	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Chiung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fang	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Pu	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Christopher	B-PERSON
MacDonald	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


A	O
schoolchild	O
writes	O
:	O
"	O
When	O
I	O
grow	O
up	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
clown	O
"	O
in	O
his	O
exercise	O
book	O
.	O


If	O
his	O
teacher	O
is	O
Chinese	B-NORP
,	O
the	O
probable	O
response	O
is	O
:	O
"	O
No	O
ambition	O
!	O


Hardly	O
worth	O
teaching	O
!	O
"	O


But	O
with	O
a	O
Western	B-NORP
teacher	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
:	O
"	O
Go	O
on	O
and	O
fill	O
the	O
world	O
with	O
laughter	O
!	O
"	O


In	O
Chinese	B-NORP
society	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
traditional	O
to	O
place	O
demands	O
on	O
children	O
rather	O
than	O
give	O
them	O
encouragement	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
what	O
constitutes	O
"	O
success	O
"	O
has	O
been	O
fairly	O
narrowly	O
defined	O
.	O


Yet	O
Chinese	B-NORP
/	O
Asian	B-NORP
values	O
have	O
been	O
much	O
extolled	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Is	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
children	O
's	O
rights	O
,	O
and	O
human	O
rights	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
,	O
really	O
incompatible	O
with	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
"	O
Asian	B-NORP
values	O
"	O
?	O


As	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
village	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
what	O
route	O
should	O
we	O
follow	O
?	O


It	O
was	O
former	O
Singapore	B-GPE
premier	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Kuan	I-PERSON
Yew	I-PERSON
who	O
first	B-ORDINAL
raised	O
the	O
banner	O
of	O
"	O
Asian	B-NORP
Values	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
1992	B-DATE
Lee	B-PERSON
said	O
in	O
an	O
interview	O
:	O
"	O
For	O
East	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
countries	O
like	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
Korea	B-GPE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
Singapore	B-GPE
,	O
group	O
values	O
and	O
behavior	O
have	O
been	O
extremely	O
helpful	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
'	O
catching	O
up	O
'	O
economically	O
.	O


East	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
values	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
sacrifice	O
individual	O
interests	O
in	O
pursuit	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
interest	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
major	O
impetus	O
for	O
the	O
region	O
's	O
rapid	O
development	O
.	O
"	O


Group	O
society	O


According	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
survey	O
,	O
Asians	B-NORP
are	O
more	O
likely	O
than	O
Americans	B-NORP
to	O
regard	O
such	O
things	O
as	O
"	O
close	O
family	O
relations	O
,	O
"	O
"	O
an	O
orderly	O
society	O
,	O
"	O
"	O
respect	O
for	O
knowledge	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
maintaining	O
group	O
harmony	O
"	O
as	O
important	O
values	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-EVENT
United	I-EVENT
Nations	I-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Human	I-EVENT
Rights	I-EVENT
Convention	I-EVENT
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
delegate	O
responded	O
to	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
's	O
frequent	O
criticisms	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
human	O
rights	O
record	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
terms	O
:	O
"	O
The	O
concept	O
of	O
human	O
rights	O
is	O
a	O
legacy	O
of	O
historical	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
connected	O
with	O
a	O
country	O
's	O
specific	O
social	O
and	O
economic	O
situation	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
history	O
,	O
culture	O
and	O
values	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
different	O
human	O
rights	O
requirements	O
at	O
different	O
stages	O
of	O
historical	O
development	O
.	O


Countries	O
at	O
different	O
phases	O
of	O
development	O
,	O
or	O
with	O
different	O
historical	O
traditions	O
and	O
cultural	O
background	O
,	O
understand	O
and	O
deal	O
with	O
human	O
rights	O
in	O
different	O
ways	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
human	O
rights	O
standards	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
country	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
uniformly	O
applied	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
expectation	O
that	O
other	O
countries	O
will	O
act	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
those	O
standards	O
.	O


From	O
obligations	O
to	O
rights	O


From	O
the	O
viewpoint	O
of	O
East	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
societies	O
,	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
tends	O
to	O
over-emphasize	O
freedom	O
and	O
individual	O
rights	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
leads	O
to	O
serious	O
problems	O
.	O


But	O
from	O
the	O
modern	O
perspective	O
,	O
the	O
traditional	O
values	O
of	O
East	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
are	O
even	O
less	O
palatable	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
traditional	O
feudal	O
society	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
family	O
exercised	O
unquestioned	O
authority	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
precepts	O
of	O
filial	O
piety	O
,	O
children	O
had	O
neither	O
free	O
will	O
nor	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
be	O
independent	O
entities	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
tales	O
in	O
the	O
Yuan	B-DATE
dynasty	I-DATE
work	O
24	B-WORK_OF_ART
Paragons	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Filial	I-WORK_OF_ART
Piety	I-WORK_OF_ART
records	O
that	O
in	O
ancient	O
times	O
a	O
man	O
named	O
Guo	B-PERSON
Ju	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
too	O
poor	O
to	O
keep	O
his	O
mother	O
properly	O
fed	O
,	O
proposed	O
to	O
his	O
wife	O
that	O
they	O
kill	O
their	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
son	O
-	O
since	O
he	O
was	O
consuming	O
a	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
lady	O
's	O
food	O
.	O


This	O
they	O
duly	O
did	O
,	O
digging	O
a	O
pit	O
and	O
burying	O
the	O
boy	O
alive	O
.	O


The	O
legal	O
code	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
Qing	I-DATE
dynasty	I-DATE
-LRB-	O
1644	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
1911	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
stated	O
that	O
where	O
parents	O
brought	O
charges	O
against	O
their	O
offspring	O
,	O
the	O
accused	O
were	O
automatically	O
considered	O
guilty	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
formal	O
trial	O
.	O


And	O
for	O
most	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
past	I-DATE
millennium	I-DATE
,	O
Chinese	B-NORP
criminal	O
law	O
provided	O
that	O
unfililal	O
conduct	O
-	O
such	O
as	O
hitting	O
or	O
cursing	O
a	O
parent	O
-	O
could	O
be	O
accepted	O
as	O
just	O
cause	O
in	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
parents	O
who	O
murdered	O
their	O
offspring	O
.	O


Those	O
old	O
-	O
time	O
filial	O
paragons	O
and	O
legal	O
codes	O
are	O
wildly	O
at	O
odds	O
with	O
today	O
's	O
notions	O
of	O
children	O
's	O
rights	O
,	O
and	O
basic	O
human	O
rights	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Tang	B-PERSON
Mei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ying	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
professor	O
of	O
primary	O
education	O
at	O
Taipei	B-ORG
Municipal	I-ORG
Teachers	I-ORG
College	I-ORG
,	O
Confucian	B-NORP
thought	O
does	O
include	O
emphasis	O
on	O
human	O
rights	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
expectation	O
that	O
fathers	O
should	O
be	O
"	O
compassionate	O
,	O
"	O
sons	O
"	O
filially	O
pious	O
,	O
"	O
a	O
monarch	O
"	O
benevolent	O
"	O
and	O
his	O
ministers	O
"	O
loyal	O
.	O
"	O


What	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
do	O
is	O
propose	O
ways	O
of	O
dealing	O
with	O
a	O
father	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
compassionate	O
and	O
a	O
monarch	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
benevolent	O
.	O


Tang	B-PERSON
feels	O
that	O
Confucian	B-NORP
thought	O
basically	O
stresses	O
obligations	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
in	O
modern	O
society	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
obligations	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
a	O
straightforward	O
matter	O
:	O
when	O
person	O
A	O
neglects	O
to	O
fulfil	O
his	O
obligations	O
,	O
person	O
B	O
can	O
be	O
said	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
deprived	O
of	O
his	O
rights	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
we	O
start	O
out	O
from	O
the	O
notion	O
of	O
rights	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
those	O
rights	O
with	O
legal	O
guarantees	O
,	O
we	O
find	O
it	O
is	O
better	O
to	O
have	O
guaranteed	O
rights	O
than	O
to	O
depend	O
on	O
everyone	O
fulfilling	O
their	O
obligations	O
.	O


The	O
best	O
of	O
both	O
worlds	O


Neighboring	O
places	O
heavily	O
influenced	O
by	O
"	O
Asian	B-NORP
values	O
,	O
"	O
such	O
as	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
Korea	B-GPE
and	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
have	O
a	O
strong	O
sense	O
of	O
how	O
important	O
it	O
is	O
to	O
belong	O
to	O
"	O
the	O
educated	O
class	O
,	O
"	O
just	O
as	O
we	O
do	O
here	O
.	O


As	O
Tang	B-PERSON
Mei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ying	I-PERSON
points	O
out	O
,	O
this	O
means	O
that	O
parents	O
expect	O
their	O
children	O
to	O
perform	O
outstandingly	O
well	O
at	O
school	O
.	O


The	O
importance	O
that	O
parents	O
attach	O
to	O
education	O
is	O
of	O
course	O
a	O
strong	O
point	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
one	B-CARDINAL
drawback	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
that	O
parents	O
often	O
set	O
their	O
expectations	O
too	O
high	O
.	O


At	O
an	O
age	O
when	O
most	O
kids	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
are	O
still	O
playing	O
every	O
day	O
,	O
our	O
children	O
have	O
already	O
started	O
shuttling	O
about	O
among	O
supplementary	O
schools	O
for	O
classes	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
computers	O
,	O
abacus	O
and	O
art	O
.	O


Tang	B-PERSON
explains	O
that	O
although	O
Western	B-NORP
children	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
playing	O
about	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
also	O
finding	O
out	O
what	O
interests	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
have	O
plenty	O
of	O
chances	O
to	O
change	O
direction	O
.	O


Here	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
education	O
system	O
gives	O
children	O
hardly	O
any	O
opportunity	O
for	O
making	O
choices	O
,	O
and	O
education	O
is	O
foisted	O
on	O
them	O
rather	O
than	O
being	O
something	O
they	O
seek	O
for	O
themselves	O
.	O


Says	O
Tang	B-PERSON
:	O
"	O
A	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
these	O
days	O
hide	O
themselves	O
at	O
graduate	O
school	O
,	O
partly	O
to	O
put	O
off	O
confronting	O
reality	O
and	O
partly	O
to	O
continue	O
meeting	O
their	O
parents	O
'	O
expectations	O
.	O


Nowadays	O
we	O
even	O
have	O
cram	O
schools	O
for	O
graduate	O
school	O
students	O
.	O
"	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
Western	B-NORP
educational	O
model	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
children	O
are	O
shown	O
respect	O
and	O
allowed	O
to	O
decide	O
and	O
choose	O
for	O
themselves	O
,	O
is	O
not	O
without	O
drawbacks	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
American	B-NORP
-	O
who	O
was	O
pushing	O
forty	B-DATE
by	O
the	O
time	O
he	O
earned	O
his	O
PhD	B-WORK_OF_ART
-	O
says	O
that	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
younger	O
,	O
whenever	O
he	O
had	O
an	O
important	O
choice	O
to	O
make	O
about	O
his	O
future	O
and	O
asked	O
his	O
parents	O
for	O
their	O
opinion	O
,	O
the	O
response	O
was	O
:	O
"	O
We	O
'll	O
respect	O
and	O
support	O
you	O
no	O
matter	O
what	O
you	O
decide	O
!	O
"	O


Now	O
he	O
feels	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
squandered	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
time	O
because	O
of	O
vacillation	O
and	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
clear	O
guidance	O
.	O


Modern	O
parents	O
at	O
a	O
loss	O


With	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
mingling	O
of	O
Eastern	B-NORP
and	O
Western	B-NORP
values	O
,	O
and	O
modern	O
and	O
traditional	O
concepts	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
no	O
wonder	O
that	O
parents	O
find	O
themselves	O
at	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
a	O
loss	O
.	O


The	O
difficulty	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
ca	O
n't	O
simply	O
dismiss	O
deeply	O
ingrained	O
traditional	O
notions	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
adapt	O
to	O
the	O
values	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
modern	I-DATE
age	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
intellectual	O
understanding	O
is	O
there	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
n't	O
yet	O
been	O
fully	O
internalized	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
accounts	O
for	O
the	O
gap	O
that	O
can	O
often	O
be	O
seen	O
between	O
understanding	O
and	O
behavior	O
.	O


An	O
inkling	O
of	O
this	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
recent	O
online	O
ballot	O
conducted	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Hsin	I-ORG
Yi	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
,	O
asking	O
parents	O
about	O
their	O
"	O
educational	O
approach	O
or	O
concepts	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
runaway	O
leader	O
,	O
with	O
21	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
votes	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
approach	O
summed	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
sentence	O
:	O
"	O
I	O
praise	O
my	O
children	O
with	O
phrases	O
like	O
'	O
that	O
's	O
great	O
!	O
'	O
and	O
'	O
good	O
boy	O
/	O
girl	O
!	O
'	O
"	O


Chang	B-PERSON
Sing	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ju	I-PERSON
,	O
executive	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Hsin	I-ORG
Yi	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
,	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
modern	O
parents	O
know	O
how	O
important	O
it	O
is	O
to	O
give	O
children	O
encouragement	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
shows	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
progress	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
are	O
still	O
pitfalls	O
to	O
watch	O
out	O
for	O
.	O


Chang	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
many	O
parents	O
use	O
praise	O
without	O
making	O
it	O
clear	O
to	O
the	O
child	O
just	O
what	O
he	O
is	O
being	O
praised	O
for	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
"	O
cheats	O
"	O
the	O
child	O
rather	O
than	O
showing	O
him	O
true	O
respect	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
process	O
that	O
counts	O


A	O
child	O
who	O
is	O
treated	O
with	O
respect	O
wo	O
n't	O
stop	O
studying	O
on	O
account	O
of	O
this	O
.	O


And	O
a	O
child	O
who	O
is	O
free	O
to	O
make	O
his	O
own	O
choices	O
does	O
n't	O
automatically	O
turn	O
into	O
a	O
delinquent	O
.	O


Experimental	O
classes	O
giving	O
pupils	O
the	O
chance	O
for	O
self	O
-	O
motivated	O
study	O
are	O
now	O
being	O
offered	O
in	O
some	O
schools	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
these	O
children	O
are	O
happier	O
and	O
more	O
positive	O
.	O


Joyce	B-PERSON
Yen	I-PERSON
Feng	I-PERSON
,	O
executive	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Child	I-ORG
Welfare	I-ORG
League	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
organization	O
dedicated	O
to	O
promoting	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
children	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
there	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
contradiction	O
between	O
granting	O
children	O
their	O
rights	O
and	O
maintaining	O
Asian	B-NORP
values	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
too	O
much	O
emphasis	O
on	O
schoolwork	O
and	O
good	O
grades	O
encouraged	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
society	O
in	O
which	O
many	O
are	O
crudely	O
obsessed	O
with	O
personal	O
gain	O
.	O


Stressing	O
children	O
's	O
rights	O
is	O
one	O
way	O
to	O
change	O
that	O
mentality	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
basically	O
nothing	O
un-Asian	B-NORP
about	O
using	O
respect	O
and	O
enlightenment	O
to	O
pursue	O
the	O
very	O
best	O
outcome	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
draw	O
on	O
the	O
strengths	O
of	O
both	O
Eastern	B-NORP
and	O
Western	B-NORP
culture	O
,	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
Asian	B-NORP
values	O
are	O
also	O
global	O
values	O
.	O


East	B-LOC
or	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
,	O
we	O
're	O
all	O
human	O
and	O
we	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
values	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
applies	O
equally	O
to	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
children	O
.	O


p.	O
22	B-CARDINAL


In	O
this	O
transitional	O
era	O
,	O
caught	O
between	O
East	B-LOC
and	O
West	B-LOC
,	O
traditional	O
and	O
modern	O
,	O
parents	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
ready	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
new	O
challenges	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Pu	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


High	O
-	O
Tech	O
Disc	O
Jockey	O
:	O


Ritek	B-ORG
's	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON


-LRB-	O
Laura	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Jimmy	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Jonathan	B-PERSON
Barnard	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


"	O
MP3	O
is	O
fine	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
using	O
it	O
with	O
earphones	O
,	O
but	O
if	O
you	O
try	O
to	O
play	O
it	O
through	O
speakers	O
,	O
the	O
bass	O
just	O
disappears	O
.	O


CDs	O
are	O
much	O
better	O
.	O
"	O


Recently	O
Ritek	B-ORG
released	O
a	O
mini	O
disc	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
MP3	O
players	O
or	O
PDAs	O
that	O
has	O
attracted	O
great	O
attention	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
view	O
of	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
,	O
Ritek	B-ORG
's	O
CEO	O
,	O
MP3	O
is	O
little	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
toy	O
for	O
kids	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
simply	O
not	O
good	O
enough	O
for	O
more	O
discriminating	O
audiophiles	O
.	O


Optoelectronics	O
is	O
seemingly	O
the	O
exclusive	O
province	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
"	O
technobility	O
,	O
"	O
in	O
which	O
case	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
plastics	O
entrepreneur	O
and	O
manufacturer	O
of	O
phonograph	O
records	O
,	O
breaks	O
the	O
mold	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
60	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
created	O
Ritek	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
now	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
largest	O
manufacturer	O
of	O
CD	O
-	O
ROMs	O
,	O
shipping	O
2	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
a	O
year	O
.	O


This	O
old	O
technologist	O
,	O
now	O
73	B-DATE
,	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
key	O
behind	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
scenes	O
player	O
in	O
bringing	O
high	O
-	O
quality	O
products	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
audiophiles	O
and	O
videophiles	O
.	O


Hsu	B-PERSON
Tsang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
houei	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
major	O
figure	O
in	O
Chinese	B-NORP
music	O
who	O
recently	O
passed	O
away	O
,	O
specially	O
thanked	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
when	O
the	O
CD	O
A	B-WORK_OF_ART
Selection	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Taiwanese	I-WORK_OF_ART
Folk	I-WORK_OF_ART
Music	I-WORK_OF_ART
was	O
released	O
last	B-DATE
November	I-DATE
.	O


Almost	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
musicians	O
on	O
hand	O
for	O
the	O
launch	O
had	O
heard	O
of	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
very	O
few	O
knew	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
CEO	O
of	O
Ritek	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
company	O
worth	O
billions	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
NT	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Treasure	O
amid	O
black	O
plastic	O


Before	O
founding	O
Ritek	B-ORG
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
was	O
already	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
figure	O
in	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
recording	O
industry	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
1960s	I-DATE
,	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
Tsang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
houei	I-PERSON
,	O
Shih	B-PERSON
Wei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
liang	I-PERSON
and	O
other	O
musicians	O
labored	O
hard	O
at	O
making	O
collections	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
folk	O
songs	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
n't	O
able	O
to	O
release	O
them	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
n't	O
until	O
1979	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
delivered	O
an	O
impassioned	O
speech	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Sanchung	I-ORG
Rotary	I-ORG
Club	I-ORG
about	O
this	O
problem	O
,	O
that	O
it	O
struck	O
a	O
chord	O
with	O
someone	O
who	O
could	O
do	O
something	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
was	O
CEO	O
of	O
First	B-ORG
Records	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
subsequently	O
released	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
21	B-CARDINAL
albums	O
,	O
including	O
recordings	O
of	O
Hakka	O
eight	O
tone	O
,	O
Fujian	O
ten	O
tone	O
,	O
Hengchun	O
-	O
style	O
sing	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
tell	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
best	O
collection	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
folk	O
music	O
ever	O
made	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
series	O
,	O
as	O
expected	O
,	O
did	O
n't	O
make	O
any	O
money	O
,	O
for	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
running	I-DATE
it	O
won	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Golden	I-WORK_OF_ART
Tripod	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
highest	O
music	O
award	O
.	O


"	O
It	O
's	O
not	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
especially	O
fond	O
of	O
music	O
or	O
culture	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
studied	O
engineering	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
Japanese	B-NORP
-	O
era	O
class	O
of	O
what	O
became	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
.	O


"	O
But	O
my	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
recording	O
industry	O
brought	O
me	O
into	O
contact	O
with	O
Peking	B-GPE
opera	O
,	O
beiguan	O
and	O
nanguan	O
music	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
.	O


I	O
felt	O
that	O
those	O
recordings	O
were	O
very	O
educational	O
and	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
preserved	O
.	O
"	O


Yeh	B-PERSON
still	O
regrets	O
that	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
video	O
equipment	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
could	O
n't	O
also	O
make	O
video	O
records	O
of	O
folk	O
music	O
performances	O
.	O


Back	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1950s	I-DATE
the	O
24	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Yeh	B-PERSON
worked	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
to	O
record	O
albums	O
of	O
BCC	B-ORG
singers	O
on	O
equipment	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
had	O
left	O
behind	O
.	O


He	O
became	O
a	O
major	O
player	O
in	O
the	O
Taipei	B-GPE
music	O
industry	O
.	O


"	O
We	O
recorded	O
Tzu	B-PERSON
Wei	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
first	B-ORDINAL
record	O
,	O
Green	B-WORK_OF_ART
Island	I-WORK_OF_ART
Tune	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
says	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
,	O
half	B-CARDINAL
closing	O
his	O
eyes	O
as	O
he	O
recalls	O
those	O
days	O
.	O


"	O
Who	O
would	O
have	O
thought	O
it	O
would	O
still	O
be	O
popular	O
today	B-DATE
?	O
"	O


Later	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
established	O
the	O
Platinum	B-ORG
Music	I-ORG
recording	O
studio	O
and	O
went	O
abroad	O
to	O
keep	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
latest	O
industry	O
trends	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
bring	O
multi-track	O
stereo	O
recording	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
made	O
a	O
big	O
contribution	O
toward	O
raising	O
standards	O
in	O
the	O
recording	O
industry	O
here	O
.	O


Platinum	B-ORG
is	O
still	O
going	O
,	O
run	O
by	O
senior	O
recording	O
engineer	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
oldest	O
son	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
still	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
leading	O
studios	O
,	O
having	O
recorded	O
such	O
chart	O
toppers	O
as	O
Luo	B-PERSON
Ta	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yu	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Small	I-WORK_OF_ART
Town	I-WORK_OF_ART
Lukang	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chieh	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
A	I-WORK_OF_ART
Game	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dream	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
recent	O
works	O
by	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ni	I-PERSON
.	O


Cigarette	O
cases	O
and	O
plastic	O
milk	O
bottles	O


Although	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
has	O
worked	O
in	O
the	O
recording	O
industry	O
,	O
his	O
field	O
is	O
really	O
plastics	O
and	O
machinery	O
.	O


After	O
graduating	O
from	O
college	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
opened	O
the	B-ORG
Mingli	I-ORG
Plastics	I-ORG
Factory	I-ORG
.	O


Their	O
first	B-ORDINAL
product	O
was	O
a	O
plastic	O
cigarette	O
case	O
.	O


Back	O
in	O
those	O
days	O
farmers	O
would	O
always	O
put	O
cigarettes	O
in	O
their	O
pockets	O
when	O
they	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
fields	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
would	O
often	O
find	O
that	O
their	O
cigarettes	O
would	O
get	O
crushed	O
before	O
they	O
had	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
smoke	O
them	O
.	O


Both	O
the	O
cases	O
and	O
the	O
machines	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
sold	O
well	O
all	O
over	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Noting	O
that	O
glass	O
baby	O
bottles	O
often	O
cracked	O
when	O
boiled	O
for	O
sterilization	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
then	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
replacing	O
glass	O
with	O
polyethylene	O
.	O


His	O
factory	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
in	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
produce	O
plastic	O
baby	O
bottles	O
.	O


Yeh	B-PERSON
also	O
made	O
the	O
sterilizers	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
lines	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
profitable	O
.	O


In	O
was	O
in	O
this	O
period	O
that	O
he	O
met	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
factory	O
across	O
from	O
his	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
a	O
National	B-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
member	O
.	O


Through	O
him	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
reestablished	O
connections	O
with	O
BCC	B-ORG
and	O
once	O
again	O
threw	O
himself	O
into	O
the	O
recording	O
industry	O
.	O


Yeh	B-PERSON
recalls	O
a	O
"	O
beautiful	O
accident	O
"	O
:	O
He	O
bought	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
-	O
hand	O
electroplater	O
from	O
a	O
Japanese	B-NORP
and	O
tried	O
to	O
plate	O
various	O
plastic	O
products	O
with	O
chrome	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
more	O
resilient	O
.	O


Only	O
after	O
repeated	O
failures	O
and	O
much	O
frustration	O
did	O
he	O
think	O
about	O
electroplating	O
his	O
black	O
plastic	O
albums	O
with	O
nickel	O
and	O
copper	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
stronger	O
.	O


This	O
thrust	O
him	O
into	O
the	O
realm	O
of	O
media	O
storage	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
times	O
change	O
faster	O
with	O
each	O
wave	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
explains	O
that	O
it	O
took	O
100	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
Edison	B-PERSON
invented	O
phonograph	O
records	O
for	O
something	O
better	O
-	O
laser	O
disks	O
-	O
to	O
appear	O
.	O


Their	O
replacements	O
,	O
CDs	O
and	O
VCDs	O
,	O
are	O
now	O
cresting	O
,	O
soon	O
to	O
be	O
vanquished	O
by	O
DVDs	O
,	O
which	O
though	O
next	O
in	O
line	O
are	O
already	O
feeling	O
mini-disks	O
closing	O
in	O
on	O
them	O
.	O


Global	O
CD	O
-	O
ROM	O
wars	O


Competing	O
in	O
the	O
information	O
age	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
has	O
seen	O
industries	O
rise	O
and	O
fall	O
.	O


Resilient	O
and	O
flexible	O
,	O
he	O
never	O
recoils	O
from	O
challenges	O
.	O


Back	O
when	O
CDs	O
were	O
still	O
in	O
their	O
infancy	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
relied	O
on	O
his	O
old	O
relationship	O
with	O
Sony	B-ORG
and	O
found	O
a	O
team	O
of	O
engineers	O
associated	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Industrial	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
before	O
he	O
made	O
a	O
push	O
into	O
CD	O
production	O
.	O


Starting	O
from	O
simple	O
pieces	O
of	O
compressed	O
plastic	O
,	O
they	O
went	O
one	B-CARDINAL
step	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
,	O
building	O
a	O
sturdy	O
foundation	O
of	O
technical	O
knowledge	O
that	O
Ritek	B-ORG
still	O
enjoys	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
1990	B-DATE
Ritek	B-ORG
started	O
to	O
press	O
CDs	O
,	O
becoming	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
mass	O
-	O
production	O
manufacturer	O
of	O
CDs	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Back	O
then	O
,	O
it	O
cost	O
Japanese	B-NORP
manufacturers	O
about	O
NT$	O
80	B-MONEY
to	O
press	O
one	O
CD	O
.	O


Ritek	B-ORG
garnered	O
market	O
share	O
by	O
undercutting	O
the	O
competition	O
and	O
charging	O
only	O
NT$	B-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
.	O


With	O
the	O
support	O
that	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
had	O
long	O
enjoyed	O
in	O
the	O
recording	O
industry	O
here	O
,	O
Ritek	B-ORG
was	O
easily	O
able	O
to	O
market	O
its	O
goods	O
.	O


What	O
really	O
brought	O
Ritek	B-ORG
into	O
the	O
realm	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
technology	O
was	O
developing	O
its	O
own	O
CD	O
-	O
Rs	O
-LRB-	O
recordable	O
CDs	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Taking	O
a	O
different	O
tack	O
from	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
,	O
who	O
were	O
plating	O
CD	O
-	O
Rs	O
with	O
a	O
thin	O
gold	O
layer	O
,	O
Ritek	B-ORG
instead	O
developed	O
a	O
cheap	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
quality	O
process	O
for	O
coating	O
them	O
with	O
silver	O
or	O
aluminum	O
.	O


These	O
allowed	O
for	O
a	O
much	O
lower	O
price	O
that	O
in	O
turn	O
created	O
more	O
demand	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
yet	O
another	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
company	O
starting	O
a	O
global	O
price	O
war	O
.	O


Marching	O
forward	O


Being	O
competitive	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
price	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Ritek	B-ORG
's	O
strong	O
points	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
the	O
whole	O
story	O
behind	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
success	O
.	O


Another	O
important	O
factor	O
is	O
that	O
at	O
key	O
moments	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
has	O
not	O
hesitated	O
to	O
invest	O
the	O
necessary	O
sums	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
necessary	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
technology	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
level	O
.	O


"	O
Ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
we	O
first	B-ORDINAL
started	O
producing	O
CDs	O
,	O
one	O
machine	O
required	O
five	B-CARDINAL
or	I-CARDINAL
six	I-CARDINAL
persons	O
to	O
operate	O
,	O
"	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
recalls	O
.	O


"	O
When	O
a	O
flood	O
of	O
orders	O
came	O
in	O
,	O
we	O
'd	O
have	O
everyone	O
working	O
overtime	O
with	O
shifts	O
going	O
around	O
the	O
clock	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
still	O
were	O
n't	O
able	O
to	O
keep	O
up	O
with	O
demand	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
when	O
the	O
workers	O
took	O
the	O
initiative	O
to	O
suggest	O
that	O
we	O
automate	O
.	O
"	O


Now	O
everything	O
from	O
ordering	O
and	O
production	O
to	O
storage	O
and	O
shipping	O
is	O
computerized	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
person	O
is	O
typically	O
responsible	O
for	O
about	B-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
machines	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
process	O
has	O
been	O
shortened	O
,	O
and	O
quality	O
is	O
high	O
.	O


The	O
amount	O
that	O
the	O
same	O
3,000	B-CARDINAL
workers	O
can	O
produce	O
has	O
exploded	O
from	O
200,000	B-CARDINAL
a	O
month	O
to	O
200	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
a	O
month	O
.	O


Automation	O
has	O
meant	O
that	O
the	O
workers	O
have	O
had	O
to	O
learn	O
how	O
to	O
operate	O
sophisticated	O
machinery	O
and	O
computers	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
Ritek	B-ORG
has	O
advanced	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
ranks	O
of	O
the	O
traditional	O
plastic	O
disc	O
pressers	O
.	O


Automation	O
has	O
also	O
allowed	O
the	O
company	O
to	O
lower	O
costs	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
data	O
storage	O
media	O
has	O
been	O
plummeting	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
a	O
CD	O
-	O
ROM	O
suddenly	O
fell	O
from	O
60	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
to	O
40	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
,	O
which	O
is	O
n't	O
far	O
from	O
the	B-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
it	O
costs	O
to	O
make	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
from	O
the	O
US$	O
14	B-MONEY
that	O
they	O
cost	O
when	O
they	O
first	B-ORDINAL
hit	O
the	O
market	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Yet	O
Ritek	B-ORG
has	O
still	O
managed	O
to	O
maintain	O
operating	O
profits	O
of	O
22	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
the	O
falling	O
prices	O
have	O
n't	O
crushed	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
coming	O
wave	O
of	O
technology	O
will	O
focus	O
on	O
light	O
and	O
small	O
portable	O
data	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
PDAs	O
and	O
MP3	O
players	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
challenge	O
for	O
Ritek	B-ORG
is	O
allowing	O
devices	O
that	O
are	O
becoming	O
smaller	O
and	O
smaller	O
to	O
have	O
larger	O
data	O
capacities	O
and	O
higher	O
fidelity	O
.	O


Yeh	B-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
patent	O
rights	O
for	O
mini-discs	O
are	O
owned	O
entirely	O
by	O
big	O
Japanese	B-NORP
companies	O
,	O
but	O
Ritek	B-ORG
is	O
the	O
only	O
company	O
manufacturing	O
them	O
.	O


Ritek	B-ORG
is	O
also	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
group	O
-LRB-	O
which	O
includes	O
Dataplay	B-ORG
,	O
Samsung	B-ORG
and	O
Toshiba	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
that	O
is	O
researching	O
and	O
developing	O
a	O
data	O
storage	O
device	O
no	O
larger	O
than	O
a	O
wrist	O
watch	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
applications	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


Ritek	B-ORG
will	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
the	O
disk	O
.	O


A	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
Ritek	B-ORG
invested	O
in	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
OLED	O
-LRB-	O
organic	O
light	O
-	O
emitting	O
diode	O
-RRB-	O
displays	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
yet	O
another	O
technology	O
used	O
in	O
portable	O
computing	O
devices	O
that	O
relies	O
on	O
thin	O
opto	O
-	O
electrical	O
film	O
application	O
techniques	O
.	O


Currently	O
Ritek	B-ORG
is	O
the	O
largest	O
producer	O
of	O
OLEDs	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Ritek	B-ORG
has	O
also	O
begun	O
to	O
explore	O
fiber	O
optics	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
information	O
industry	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
Ritek	B-ORG
invested	O
in	O
production	O
of	O
fiber	O
-	O
optic	O
connectors	O
with	O
Taiwan	B-ORG
Memory	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
.	O


This	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
products	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
is	O
proudest	O
of	O
.	O


"	O
In	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
when	O
fiber	O
optic	O
applications	O
mature	O
,	O
a	O
house	O
will	O
need	O
a	O
dozen	O
or	O
so	O
of	O
these	O
connectors	O
,	O
"	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
the	O
fiber	O
optic	O
connectors	O
being	O
produced	O
by	O
TMT	B-ORG
sell	O
for	O
US$	B-MONEY
7	I-MONEY
a	O
piece	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
ca	O
n't	O
keep	O
up	O
with	O
demand	O
,	O
so	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
has	O
gone	O
to	O
the	O
mainland	O
to	O
establish	O
more	O
factories	O
,	O
where	O
he	O
has	O
cast	O
his	O
eyes	O
upon	O
the	O
vast	O
mainland	O
market	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
topic	O
of	O
fiber	O
optics	O
and	O
the	O
internet	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
is	O
particularly	O
knowledgeable	O
and	O
incisive	O
.	O


Whenever	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
goes	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
he	O
happily	O
brings	O
back	O
lots	O
of	O
Japanese	B-NORP
books	O
about	O
economics	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
about	O
third	B-ORDINAL
-	O
generation	O
mobile	O
phones	O
,	O
hand	O
-	O
held	O
devices	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
study	O
the	O
concepts	O
presented	O
in	O
these	O
books	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
I	O
use	O
the	O
viewpoint	O
of	O
a	O
businessman	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
any	O
problems	O
implementing	O
them	O
.	O
"	O


Yeh	O
has	O
a	O
house	O
full	O
of	O
Japanese	B-NORP
books	O
and	O
reads	O
Japanese	B-NORP
newspapers	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


Working	O
hard	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
grip	O
on	O
technological	O
trends	O
,	O
he	O
believes	O
that	O
only	O
the	O
far	O
-	O
sighted	O
will	O
end	O
up	O
winners	O
.	O


He	O
often	O
cites	O
the	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
fast	O
food	O
chain	O
Yoshinoya	B-ORG
,	O
who	O
predicted	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
1980	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
great	O
US	B-GPE
-	O
Japan	B-GPE
trade	O
imbalance	O
,	O
that	O
America	B-GPE
would	O
force	O
Japan	B-GPE
to	O
open	O
its	O
beef	O
market	O
.	O


Taking	O
hold	O
of	O
the	O
opportunity	O
,	O
he	O
bought	O
a	O
cattle	O
ranch	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
had	O
n't	O
expected	O
that	O
strident	O
protests	O
from	O
Japanese	B-NORP
farmers	O
would	O
delay	O
the	O
market	O
opening	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
Yoshinoya	B-ORG
struggled	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
and	O
nearly	O
went	O
bankrupt	O
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
however	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
open	O
to	O
imported	O
beef	O
,	O
and	O
Yoshinoya	B-ORG
has	O
done	O
very	O
well	O
.	O


And	O
its	O
chairman	O
Matsuda	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
elevated	O
into	O
the	O
ranks	O
of	O
highly	O
respected	O
model	O
Japanese	B-NORP
entrepreneurs	O
.	O


Early	O
morning	O
mountain	O
wisdom	O


Possessing	O
a	O
corporate	O
farsightedness	O
and	O
determination	O
that	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
Yoshinoya	B-ORG
,	O
Ritek	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
groping	O
its	O
way	O
toward	O
international	O
affirmation	O
.	O


In	O
October	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Forbes	B-ORG
Magazine	I-ORG
selected	O
300	B-CARDINAL
small	O
companies	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
it	O
considered	O
worth	O
investing	O
in	O
.	O


Only	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
were	O
chosen	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
:	O
Nien	B-ORG
Hsing	I-ORG
Textile	I-ORG
and	O
Ritek	B-ORG
.	O


Then	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
decided	O
to	O
include	O
Ritek	B-ORG
in	O
its	O
index	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
stocks	O
.	O


Although	O
these	O
are	O
tough	O
times	O
for	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
here	O
,	O
and	O
Ritek	B-ORG
's	O
share	O
price	O
has	O
tumbled	O
along	O
with	O
other	O
high	O
-	O
priced	O
electronics	O
companies	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
is	O
very	O
pleased	O
to	O
have	O
received	O
these	O
kudos	O
from	O
abroad	O
.	O


Getting	O
on	O
in	O
years	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
turned	O
over	O
day	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
day	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
business	O
to	O
his	O
hard	O
-	O
nosed	O
second	B-ORDINAL
son	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jing	I-PERSON
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Yeh	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
still	O
holds	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
chairman	O
.	O


As	O
diligent	O
as	O
ever	O
,	O
he	O
still	O
scurries	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
between	O
Taipei	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Hukou	B-GPE
area	O
of	O
Hsinchu	B-GPE
on	O
a	O
daily	O
basis	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
often	O
flies	O
to	O
Australia	B-GPE
,	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
Britain	B-GPE
to	O
check	O
out	O
factories	O
and	O
investment	O
trends	O
.	O


"	O
Going	O
to	O
work	O
every	O
day	O
is	O
a	O
responsibility	O
I	O
owe	O
myself	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
.	O


"	O
It	O
's	O
an	O
expression	O
of	O
my	O
will	O
.	O
"	O


With	O
regard	O
to	O
his	O
son	O
's	O
strategic	O
decisions	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
just	O
observes	O
and	O
makes	O
suggestions	O
but	O
tries	O
not	O
to	O
interfere	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
cultivate	O
a	O
successor	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
tolerate	O
mistakes	O
,	O
for	O
he	O
can	O
only	O
grow	O
by	O
making	O
them	O
for	O
himself	O
.	O
"	O


By	O
participating	O
but	O
not	O
meddling	O
,	O
the	O
old	O
man	O
gains	O
peace	O
of	O
mind	O
.	O


Yeh	B-PERSON
goes	O
to	O
bed	O
every	O
evening	O
at	O
8:30	B-TIME
,	O
and	O
then	O
rises	O
at	O
4:00	B-TIME
before	O
the	O
sun	O
comes	O
up	O
.	O


At	O
5:00	B-TIME
he	O
goes	O
to	O
Yangmingshan	B-GPE
and	O
starts	O
his	O
walk	O
up	O
into	O
the	O
hills	O
.	O


At	O
6:00	B-TIME
he	O
reaches	O
his	O
destination	O
and	O
with	O
some	O
of	O
his	O
climbing	O
buddies	O
makes	O
tea	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
farmhouse	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
peacefully	O
awaits	O
the	O
dawn	O
.	O


"	O
You	O
young	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
often	O
enjoy	O
that	O
peaceful	O
mountain	O
scenery	O
!	O
"	O


Yeh	B-PERSON
embodies	O
a	O
pleasant	O
combination	O
of	O
activity	O
and	O
tranquility	O
that	O
has	O
helped	O
Ritek	B-ORG
to	O
succeed	O
.	O


His	O
character	O
projects	O
a	O
soft	O
glow	O
quite	O
unlike	O
the	O
brash	O
glare	O
that	O
typically	O
surrounds	O
the	O
new	O
"	O
technobility	O
.	O
"	O


p.	O
24	B-CARDINAL


CD	O
-	O
ROMs	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
optical	O
digital	O
technology	O
,	O
are	O
resistant	O
to	O
scratches	O
and	O
damage	O
and	O
thus	O
offer	O
an	O
excellent	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
solution	O
for	O
storing	O
sound	O
and	O
images	O
.	O


Ritek	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
a	O
major	O
force	O
behind	O
their	O
pervasive	O
adoption	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
.	O


p.	O
25	B-CARDINAL


DVDs	O
,	O
which	O
provide	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
eight	I-CARDINAL
times	O
the	O
storage	O
of	O
VCDs	O
,	O
are	O
becoming	O
a	O
hot	O
audio	O
-	O
visual	O
storage	O
medium	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
chief	O
focus	O
of	O
Ritek	B-ORG
's	O
next	O
generation	O
of	O
products	O
.	O


p.	O
26	B-CARDINAL


In	O
1961	B-DATE
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
went	O
to	O
Osaka	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Japan	I-GPE
to	O
study	O
electroplating	O
techniques	O
used	O
at	O
a	O
factory	O
there	O
.	O


Determination	O
to	O
succeed	O
and	O
hunger	O
for	O
knowledge	O
are	O
the	O
secrets	O
behind	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
's	O
success	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
26	B-CARDINAL


In	O
1970	B-DATE
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
plastics	O
factory	O
only	O
employed	O
10	B-CARDINAL
workers	O
.	O


This	O
young	O
woman	O
carefully	O
pressing	O
black	O
phonograph	O
records	O
was	O
none	O
other	O
than	O
boss	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
's	O
wife	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
28	B-CARDINAL


"	O
Rain	O
or	O
shine	O
,	O
I	O
go	O
mountain	O
climbing	O
for	O
an	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
every	O
morning	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
'm	O
brimming	O
with	O
energy	O
at	O
noon	B-TIME
with	O
no	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
nap	O
.	O
"	O


At	O
five	B-TIME
o'clock	I-TIME
on	O
a	O
cold	O
winter	O
morning	O
,	O
Yeh	B-PERSON
braves	O
a	O
bitter	O
wind	O
and	O
sets	O
off	O
with	O
his	O
walking	O
stick	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
going	O
up	O
a	O
mountain	O
to	O
watch	O
the	O
sunrise	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
Fitness	O
Market	O


Gets	O
Pumped	O
Up	O


-LRB-	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Newell	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Tai	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
wan	I-GPE
has	O
been	O
swept	O
by	O
a	O
fitness	O
fad	O
.	O


Clubs	O
offering	O
workout	O
facilities	O
have	O
sprung	O
up	O
incredibly	O
quickly	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
now	O
,	O
counting	O
both	O
established	O
firms	O
and	O
newcomers	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
700	I-CARDINAL
separate	O
locations	O
!	O


In	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
an	O
economic	O
downturn	O
,	O
the	O
fitness	O
business	O
is	O
remarkably	O
robust	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
especially	O
noteworthy	O
that	O
in	O
this	B-DATE
new	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
large	O
foreign	O
health	O
clubs	O
have	O
set	O
their	O
sights	O
on	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
market	O
,	O
hanging	O
out	O
their	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
shingles	O
in	O
a	O
battle	O
for	O
market	O
share	O
with	O
local	O
firms	O
.	O


This	O
struggle	O
has	O
brought	O
the	O
fitness	O
market	O
to	O
a	O
fever	O
pitch	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
is	O
sparking	O
new	O
and	O
diversified	O
ideas	O
about	O
health	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
A	O
health	O
club	O
is	O
a	O
playground	O
for	O
adults	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
!	O
"	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Wu	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
florist	O
.	O


This	O
health	O
club	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
fashionable	O
eastern	O
district	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
stylish	O
lighting	O
and	O
blasting	O
music	O
,	O
is	O
more	O
like	O
a	O
discotheque	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Wu	B-PERSON
has	O
just	O
completed	O
his	O
step	O
aerobics	O
class	O
.	O


As	O
he	O
catches	O
his	O
breath	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
that	O
he	O
never	O
much	O
liked	O
exercise	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
half	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
since	O
joining	O
the	O
club	O
his	O
life	O
has	O
been	O
dramatically	O
transformed	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
is	O
his	O
body	O
slimmed	O
down	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
looks	O
and	O
feels	O
much	O
more	O
energetic	O
.	O


Recreational	O
fitness	O


"	O
At	O
first	B-ORDINAL
I	O
came	O
just	O
to	O
get	O
in	O
shape	O
.	O


I	O
signed	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
friends	O
who	O
talked	O
me	O
into	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
fantastic	O
here	O
.	O


Every	O
time	O
I	O
enter	O
the	O
club	O
and	O
hear	O
that	O
pounding	O
music	O
,	O
I	O
get	O
a	O
rush	O
.	O


And	O
with	O
so	O
many	O
different	O
and	O
fun	O
aerobics	O
classes	O
,	O
exercise	O
is	O
n't	O
hard	O
labor	O
anymore	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


And	O
thanks	O
to	O
joining	O
the	O
club	O
,	O
the	O
naturally	O
shy	O
Wu	B-PERSON
has	O
made	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
new	O
friends	O
.	O


In	O
another	O
club	O
which	O
offers	O
a	O
swimming	O
pool	O
and	O
"	O
spa	O
"	O
services	O
-LRB-	O
like	O
mineral	O
baths	O
or	O
massage	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
ladies	O
who	O
work	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
afternoons	O
sit	O
by	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
pool	O
enthusiastically	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
best	O
way	O
to	O
reduce	O
fat	O
around	O
the	O
waistline	O
.	O


Mrs.	O
Wang	B-PERSON
declares	O
:	O
"	O
Coming	O
to	O
the	O
health	O
club	O
together	O
is	O
now	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
way	O
we	O
neighbors	O
socialize	O
.	O


Plus	O
by	O
keeping	O
slim	O
you	O
are	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
get	O
diseases	O
connected	O
to	O
obesity	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
can	O
look	O
younger	O
to	O
boot	O
!	O
"	O


Within	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
gleaming	O
new	O
health	O
centers	O
have	O
set	O
up	O
shop	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Tong	I-ORG
Lin	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
Store	I-ORG
in	O
the	B-LOC
Eastern	I-LOC
District	I-LOC
,	O
the	O
NOVA	B-ORG
shopping	O
center	O
near	O
the	O
train	O
station	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Spring	B-ORG
Galaxy	I-ORG
theater	O
complex	O
in	O
Hsimenting	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
keep	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
competition	O
,	O
the	O
Far	B-ORG
Eastern	I-ORG
,	O
Sincere	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
Asiaworld	B-ORG
department	O
stores	O
will	O
also	O
go	O
into	O
business	O
with	O
health	O
centers	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
just	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
numerous	O
gyms	O
,	O
billing	O
themselves	O
as	O
"	O
recreation	O
clubs	O
,	O
"	O
have	O
opened	O
in	O
the	O
cities	O
of	O
Taichung	B-GPE
,	O
Tainan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
national	O
movement	O


Seeking	O
to	O
find	O
market	O
niches	O
,	O
various	O
clubs	O
are	O
targeting	O
specific	O
market	O
segments	O
.	O


Some	O
are	O
for	O
women	O
only	O
.	O


Others	O
,	O
like	O
California	B-ORG
Fitness	I-ORG
Centers	I-ORG
and	O
Gold	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Gym	I-ORG
,	O
set	O
up	O
in	O
commercial	O
districts	O
,	O
aiming	O
for	O
office	O
workers	O
.	O


Alexander	B-ORG
,	O
an	O
island	O
-	O
wide	O
chain	O
,	O
is	O
family	O
-	O
friendly	O
,	O
open	O
to	O
all	O
ages	O
.	O


Agora	B-ORG
Garden	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
commands	O
steep	O
prices	O
,	O
combines	O
fitness	O
with	O
business	O
conferencing	O
functions	O
.	O


The	O
variety	O
is	O
bewildering	O
and	O
the	O
numbers	O
-	O
now	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
700	I-CARDINAL
locations	O
around	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
-	O
are	O
astonishing	O
.	O


Rex	B-PERSON
,	O
an	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
from	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
,	O
who	O
began	O
his	O
career	O
as	O
a	O
trainer	O
at	O
California	B-ORG
Fitness	I-ORG
Centers	I-ORG
,	O
took	O
notice	O
of	O
this	O
wave	O
beginning	O
to	O
build	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
returned	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
devote	O
himself	O
to	O
the	O
local	O
market	O
.	O


Analyzing	O
the	O
current	O
direction	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
that	O
global	O
trends	O
and	O
the	O
explosion	O
in	O
media	O
have	O
brought	O
Western	B-NORP
ideas	O
of	O
beauty	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
ideal	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
firm	O
and	O
healthy	O
"	O
physique	O
is	O
driving	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
consumers	O
into	O
the	O
gym	O
.	O


"	O
People	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
are	O
beginning	O
to	O
accept	O
that	O
a	O
beautiful	O
body	O
requires	O
effort	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
n't	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
sculpted	O
physique	O
with	O
vibrating	O
massage	O
chairs	O
,	O
beauty	O
parlors	O
,	O
or	O
weight	O
-	O
loss	O
pills	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


But	O
people	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
never	O
had	O
the	O
idea	O
,	O
now	O
common	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
,	O
that	O
physical	O
fitness	O
should	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
routine	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


A	O
sculpted	O
body	O
alone	O
is	O
unlikely	O
to	O
be	O
enough	O
to	O
get	O
people	O
motivated	O
to	O
work	O
out	O
-LRB-	O
otherwise	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
see	O
people	O
spending	O
so	O
much	O
money	O
at	O
beauty	O
parlors	O
for	O
a	O
quick	O
fix	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
why	O
multi-functional	O
health	O
centers	O
-	O
offering	O
health	O
,	O
a	O
good	O
body	O
,	O
fun	O
,	O
and	O
socializing	O
-	O
are	O
driving	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
working	O
out	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
fashionable	O
leisure	O
-	O
time	O
activity	O
,	O
and	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
,	O
never	O
known	O
for	O
their	O
love	O
of	O
athletics	O
,	O
are	O
heading	O
in	O
droves	O
to	O
have	O
fun	O
at	O
the	O
gym	O
.	O


Local	O
vs.	O
foreign	O


In	O
general	O
,	O
you	O
could	O
divide	O
the	O
main	O
orientations	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
gyms	O
into	O
two	O
basic	O
types	O
:	O
local	O
and	O
Western	B-NORP
.	O


Large	O
health	O
centers	O
which	O
are	O
backed	O
by	O
local	O
investors	O
and	O
managed	O
by	O
local	O
people	O
focus	O
on	O
combining	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
held	O
beliefs	O
that	O
fall	O
under	O
the	O
traditional	O
Chinese	B-NORP
idea	O
of	O
"	O
health	O
cultivation	O
.	O
"	O


These	O
types	O
of	O
gyms	O
incorporate	O
spa	O
,	O
beauty	O
,	O
aromatherapy	O
,	O
and	O
recreational	O
functions	O
under	O
one	O
roof	O
.	O


Tang	B-PERSON
Ya	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chun	I-PERSON
,	O
chairwoman	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
local	O
chain	O
,	O
Alexander	B-ORG
Health	I-ORG
Clubs	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
has	O
20	B-CARDINAL
locations	O
island	O
-	O
wide	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
habit	O
of	O
working	O
out	O
must	O
be	O
cultivated	O
over	O
the	O
long	O
term	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
join	O
with	O
a	O
sudden	O
burst	O
of	O
interest	O
,	O
but	O
drop	O
out	O
halfway	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
keep	O
business	O
going	O
,	O
and	O
keep	O
people	O
coming	O
habitually	O
over	O
the	O
long	O
term	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
that	O
health	O
centers	O
appeal	O
to	O
customers	O
with	O
"	O
freebies	O
"	O
-	O
meaning	O
gain	O
with	O
no	O
pain	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
health	O
centers	O
can	O
offer	O
not	O
only	O
working	O
out	O
but	O
also	O
recreational	O
functions	O
,	O
then	O
members	O
will	O
keep	O
coming	O
back	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Tang	B-PERSON
.	O


"	O
Modern	O
urban	O
life	O
is	O
stressful	O
and	O
fast	O
-	O
paced	O
,	O
and	O
sometimes	O
a	O
member	O
may	O
be	O
more	O
in	O
need	O
of	O
the	O
relaxation	O
provided	O
by	O
a	O
sauna	O
or	O
aroma	O
-	O
therapy	O
.	O


Then	O
next	O
time	O
they	O
'll	O
come	O
back	O
for	O
a	O
workout	O
.	O
"	O


A	O
mix	O
of	O
freebies	O
and	O
challenges	O
is	O
better	O
at	O
keeping	O
consumers	O
'	O
motivation	O
high	O
.	O


While	O
they	O
share	O
the	O
ambition	O
of	O
attracting	O
more	O
people	O
to	O
their	O
ranks	O
,	O
foreign	O
chains	O
nonetheless	O
take	O
a	O
different	O
approach	O
.	O


Right	O
now	O
the	O
most	O
noteworthy	O
foreign	O
group	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
California	B-ORG
Fitness	I-ORG
Centers	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
now	O
has	O
three	B-CARDINAL
gigantic	O
branches	O
.	O


Asian	B-NORP
regional	O
CEO	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Levine	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
not	O
agree	O
with	O
offering	O
spa	O
and	O
aromatherapy	O
facilities	O
in	O
a	O
gym	O
,	O
because	O
these	O
encourage	O
"	O
laziness	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
it	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
denied	O
that	O
working	O
out	O
is	O
a	O
relatively	O
new	O
concept	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
.	O


Hence	O
,	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
approach	O
is	O
to	O
make	O
exercise	O
"	O
recreational	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
fashionable	O
.	O
"	O


As	O
Levine	B-PERSON
explains	O
:	O
"	O
We	O
have	O
deliberately	O
put	O
more	O
lighting	O
and	O
decor	O
into	O
our	O
Asian	B-NORP
locations	O
,	O
and	O
placed	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
busiest	O
shopping	O
districts	O
,	O
in	O
hopes	O
that	O
working	O
out	O
will	O
become	O
fashionable	O
,	O
and	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
gym	O
will	O
be	O
like	O
going	O
to	O
a	O
good	O
pub	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
cool	O
,	O
more	O
exciting	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
fun	O
than	O
a	O
traditional	O
gym	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
members	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
center	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
attitude	O
they	O
take	O
shopping	O
for	O
Chanel	B-ORG
or	O
Prada	B-ORG
.	O
"	O


Levine	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
working	O
out	O
is	O
already	O
part	O
of	O
life	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-NORP
,	O
so	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
gym	O
to	O
socialize	O
.	O


But	O
Asians	B-NORP
prefer	O
group	O
activities	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
California	B-ORG
is	O
putting	O
more	O
emphasis	O
on	O
aerobics	O
classes	O
,	O
with	O
classes	O
every	O
hour	O
all	O
day	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
members	O
can	O
join	O
in	O
any	O
time	O
.	O


Each	O
center	O
also	O
has	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
trainers	O
who	O
provide	O
free	O
advice	O
or	O
paid	O
workout	O
supervision	O
.	O


When	O
East	B-LOC
meets	O
West	B-LOC


No	O
matter	O
what	O
tack	O
operators	O
may	O
take	O
to	O
attract	O
consumers	O
,	O
large	O
health	O
centers	O
provide	O
mainly	O
the	O
same	O
services	O
.	O


Besides	O
traditional	O
equipment	O
for	O
weightlifting	O
and	O
cardio	O
-	O
pulmonary	O
exercises	O
,	O
most	O
have	O
made	O
aerobics	O
the	O
centerpiece	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
fitness	O
fad	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
all	O
kinds	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
martial	O
arts	O
aerobics	O
,	O
step	O
aerobics	O
,	O
Latin	B-NORP
aerobics	O
,	O
and	O
weight	O
-	O
enhanced	O
aerobics	O
.	O


As	O
their	O
names	O
suggest	O
,	O
these	O
classes	O
modify	O
traditional	O
aerobic	O
dance	O
by	O
adding	O
martial	O
arts	O
moves	O
,	O
step	O
platforms	O
,	O
Latin	B-NORP
rhythms	O
,	O
dumbbells	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
props	O
,	O
thereby	O
placing	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
workout	O
on	O
different	O
muscle	O
groups	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
aerobics	O
centers	O
commonly	O
provide	O
classes	O
in	O
Asian	B-NORP
health	O
techniques	O
like	O
yoga	O
,	O
tai	O
-	O
chi	O
,	O
and	O
qigong	O
.	O


"	O
Yoga	O
and	O
tai	O
-	O
chi	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
added	O
just	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
"	O
says	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Levine	I-PERSON
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
trend	O
in	O
fitness	O
is	O
toward	O
a	O
more	O
Oriental	B-NORP
approach	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
martial	O
arts	O
or	O
"	O
power	O
yoga	O
"	O
into	O
aerobics	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
little	O
tradition	O
of	O
athletics	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
too	O
early	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
any	O
uniquely	O
local	O
forms	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
incorporated	O
into	O
Western	B-NORP
workouts	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
interesting	O
to	O
observe	O
how	O
differences	O
in	O
definitions	O
of	O
beauty	O
have	O
affected	O
exercise	O
preferences	O
.	O


Rex	B-PERSON
,	O
with	O
his	O
many	O
years	O
of	O
training	O
experience	O
,	O
finds	O
it	O
especially	O
notable	O
that	O
"	O
women	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
do	O
n't	O
really	O
go	O
for	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
female	O
approach	O
of	O
developing	O
muscular	O
bodies	O
.	O


They	O
prefer	O
lithe	O
bodies	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
they	O
are	O
much	O
more	O
into	O
aerobics	O
than	O
weight	O
training	O
.	O


Most	O
guys	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
upper	O
body	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
looking	O
for	O
form	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
aiming	O
to	O
be	O
hugely	O
muscular	O
.	O
"	O


Healthy	O
consumption	O
?	O


You	O
might	O
think	O
that	O
local	O
health	O
centers	O
,	O
with	O
more	O
attention	O
to	O
relaxation	O
and	O
"	O
health	O
cultivation	O
,	O
"	O
would	O
attract	O
a	O
higher	O
age	O
bracket	O
,	O
while	O
foreign	O
centers	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
accent	O
on	O
fashion	O
and	O
novelty	O
,	O
would	O
draw	O
the	O
younger	O
crowd	O
.	O


But	O
these	O
lines	O
do	O
not	O
necessarily	O
define	O
how	O
consumers	O
choose	O
.	O


Cheng	B-PERSON
Chia	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
cheng	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
just	O
finished	O
his	O
military	O
service	O
and	O
is	O
preparing	O
for	O
the	O
bar	O
exam	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
his	O
main	O
consideration	O
in	O
choosing	O
a	O
center	O
was	O
location	O
and	O
convenience	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
n't	O
like	O
the	O
crowded	O
feeling	O
of	O
the	O
shopping	O
district	O
.	O


"	O
When	O
you	O
work	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
atmosphere	O
should	O
be	O
calm	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
use	O
different	O
equipment	O
when	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
and	O
your	O
concentration	O
is	O
n't	O
broken	O
by	O
disturbances	O
.	O
"	O


Liang	B-PERSON
Yung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hwa	I-PERSON
,	O
manager	O
of	O
the	O
Yungho	B-GPE
branch	O
of	O
the	O
Eslite	B-ORG
bookstore	O
,	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
working	O
out	O
for	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
now	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
clubs	O
spend	O
too	O
much	O
money	O
on	O
lighting	O
and	O
on	O
equipment	O
that	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
really	O
serious	O
about	O
working	O
out	O
never	O
use	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
membership	O
fees	O
are	O
three	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
times	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
older	O
gyms	O
.	O


He	O
declares	O
:	O
"	O
The	O
lives	O
of	O
city	O
people	O
are	O
incredibly	O
busy	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
already	O
a	O
luxury	O
to	O
have	O
an	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
a	O
day	O
to	O
work	O
out	O
,	O
so	O
there	O
is	O
n't	O
much	O
time	O
to	O
waste	O
on	O
stuff	O
that	O
is	O
purely	O
for	O
recreation	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
consider	O
that	O
it	O
costs	O
NT$	B-MONEY
20,000	I-MONEY
in	O
annual	O
fees	O
,	O
plus	O
the	O
initial	O
membership	O
price	O
of	O
another	O
NT$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
20,000	I-MONEY
-	O
altogether	O
about	O
a	O
month	B-DATE
's	O
salary	O
for	O
an	O
office	O
worker	O
-	O
most	O
of	O
that	O
money	O
is	O
wasted	O
.	O
"	O


With	O
consumers	O
like	O
him	O
,	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
throw	O
their	O
money	O
around	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
proliferation	O
of	O
new	O
health	O
centers	O
,	O
traditional	O
gyms	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
badly	O
affected	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Ting	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yin	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
proprietor	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
Gym	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
going	O
strong	O
for	O
16	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
now	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
fitness	O
fad	O
is	O
good	O
for	O
all	O
exercise	O
enthusiasts	O
:	O
"	O
Ten	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
so	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
people	O
had	O
to	O
scrape	O
together	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
odds	O
and	O
ends	O
of	O
free	O
weights	O
,	O
which	O
of	O
course	O
limited	O
how	O
much	O
could	O
be	O
done	O
.	O


Now	O
there	O
are	O
machines	O
available	O
for	O
training	O
each	O
particular	O
muscle	O
.	O
"	O


Though	O
,	O
he	O
adds	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
such	O
a	O
thing	O
as	O
too	O
much	O
equipment	O
of	O
little	O
value	O
.	O


Fitness	O
or	O
foolhardiness	O
?	O


Fitness	O
is	O
a	O
worthwhile	O
investment	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
being	O
a	O
fad	O
.	O


But	O
blind	O
following	O
of	O
fads	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
an	O
outcome	O
exactly	O
opposite	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
desired	O
.	O


Chung	B-PERSON
Pei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chen	I-PERSON
,	O
chairwoman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Rehabilitation	I-ORG
Medicine	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
Adventist	I-ORG
Hospital	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
from	O
time	O
to	O
time	O
whole	O
families	O
take	O
up	O
special	O
offers	O
and	O
join	O
together	O
,	O
but	O
,	O
in	O
her	O
opinion	O
,	O
health	O
club	O
facilities	O
-LRB-	O
except	O
for	O
swimming	O
pools	O
-RRB-	O
are	O
not	O
necessarily	O
suitable	O
for	O
all	O
age	O
groups	O
.	O


"	O
People	O
over	O
50	B-DATE
or	O
under	O
16	B-DATE
can	O
easily	O
hurt	O
themselves	O
lifting	O
heavy	O
weights	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
tell	O
people	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
foolhardy	O
,	O
"	O
she	O
says	O
.	O


The	O
muscles	O
of	O
older	O
people	O
are	O
less	O
securely	O
attached	O
to	O
their	O
bones	O
,	O
and	O
unless	O
a	O
person	O
has	O
been	O
working	O
out	O
since	O
a	O
young	O
age	O
,	O
sudden	O
intense	O
exercise	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
deterioration	O
of	O
cartilage	O
,	O
with	O
more	O
damage	O
than	O
benefit	O
for	O
the	O
body	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
children	O
,	O
they	O
tend	O
to	O
think	O
of	O
exercise	O
as	O
just	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
play	O
,	O
with	O
accidents	O
often	O
resulting	O
because	O
of	O
fooling	O
around	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Chung	B-PERSON
suggests	O
that	O
fitness	O
should	O
begin	O
when	O
young	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
start	O
very	O
late	O
should	O
stick	O
to	O
swimming	O
,	O
fast	O
walking	O
,	O
and	O
exercise	O
bikes	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
of	O
moderate	O
intensity	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
adds	O
,	O
"	O
It	O
's	O
more	O
natural	O
just	O
to	O
exercise	O
when	O
and	O
where	O
you	O
can	O
in	O
daily	O
life	O
-	O
take	O
a	O
walk	O
in	O
the	O
park	O
,	O
climb	O
the	O
stairs	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
"	O


Be	O
that	O
as	O
it	O
may	O
,	O
walking	O
in	O
the	O
park	O
is	O
no	O
substitute	O
for	O
a	O
sustained	O
workout	O
program	O
.	O


Chiang	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
sales	O
manager	O
in	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
industry	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
working	O
out	O
for	O
15	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
from	O
the	O
earliest	O
Clark	B-ORG
Hatch	I-ORG
Fitness	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
to	O
the	O
health	O
and	O
beauty	O
center	O
in	O
a	O
hotel	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
says	O
that	O
people	O
who	O
work	O
out	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
truly	O
love	O
exercise	O
,	O
love	O
themselves	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
seeking	O
a	O
better	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
habit	O
that	O
is	O
well	O
worth	O
investing	O
in	O
,	O
and	O
people	O
should	O
force	O
themselves	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


"	O
It	O
's	O
better	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
training	O
your	O
body	O
than	O
to	O
spend	O
time	O
and	O
money	O
on	O
medical	O
care	O
when	O
you	O
get	O
sick	O
,	O
"	O
she	O
says	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
health	O
club	O
managers	O
are	O
optimistic	O
about	O
the	O
potential	O
market	O
.	O


Eric	B-PERSON
Levine	I-PERSON
relates	O
that	O
the	O
Tong	B-GPE
Lin	I-GPE
branch	O
of	O
California	B-ORG
has	O
more	O
members	O
than	O
any	O
of	O
their	O
branches	O
anywhere	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Working	O
out	O
is	O
not	O
like	O
other	O
consumer	O
behavior	O
:	O
The	O
demand	O
for	O
exercise	O
among	O
modern	O
people	O
will	O
only	O
increase	O
,	O
not	O
decline	O
.	O


It	O
seems	O
that	O
at	O
least	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
the	O
operators	O
are	O
concerned	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
health	O
clubs	O
are	O
certainly	O
working	O
out	O
.	O


p.	O
29	B-CARDINAL


Pulsating	O
music	O
,	O
elaborate	O
lighting	O
,	O
TVs	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
.	O


Some	O
foreign	O
health	O
clubs	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
working	O
out	O
fashionable	O
to	O
attract	O
the	O
yuppie	O
and	O
office	O
worker	O
crowd	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
location	O
courtesy	O
of	O
California	B-ORG
Fitness	I-ORG
Centers	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


p.	O
30	B-CARDINAL


Everyone	O
can	O
appreciate	O
a	O
good	O
physique	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
desire	O
to	O
have	O
one	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
motivating	O
factor	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
work	O
out	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Diago	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
33	B-CARDINAL


Aerobics	O
with	O
free	O
weights	O
-LRB-	O
opposite	O
left	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
yoga	O
-LRB-	O
opposite	O
right	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
tanning	O
-LRB-	O
below	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
exercycles	O
-LRB-	O
right	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
fitness	O
trend	O
incorporates	O
Western	B-NORP
and	O
Eastern	B-NORP
health	O
ideas	O
,	O
offering	O
diversified	O
options	O
to	O
enthusiasts	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
location	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Alexander	B-ORG
Health	I-ORG
Clubs	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


p.	O
34	B-CARDINAL


There	O
are	O
great	O
differences	O
among	O
clubs	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
facilities	O
and	O
prices	O
.	O


You	O
'd	O
better	O
shop	O
around	O
.	O


Scentsory	O
Perceptions	O
:	O
What	O
's	O
the	O
Deal	O
With	O
Aromatherapy	O
?	O


-LRB-	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Newell	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
current	O
fitness	O
trend	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
combines	O
working	O
out	O
with	O
recreation	O
and	O
the	O
traditional	O
Chinese	B-NORP
idea	O
of	O
"	O
health	O
cultivation	O
.	O
"	O


Of	O
particular	O
interest	O
has	O
been	O
aromatherapy	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
new	O
-	O
age	O
underpinning	O
of	O
the	O
integration	O
of	O
"	O
body	O
,	O
mind	O
,	O
and	O
spirit	O
.	O
"	O


What	O
exactly	O
is	O
aromatherapy	O
?	O


What	O
can	O
it	O
do	O
for	O
you	O
?	O


Aromatherapy	O
involves	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
"	O
essential	O
oils	O
"	O
extracted	O
from	O
the	O
flowers	O
,	O
leaves	O
,	O
branches	O
,	O
bark	O
,	O
rind	O
,	O
or	O
roots	O
of	O
medicinal	O
plants	O
.	O


These	O
oils	O
are	O
then	O
mixed	O
with	O
a	O
"	O
carrier	O
"	O
-LRB-	O
usually	O
a	O
vegetable	O
oil	O
-RRB-	O
or	O
are	O
diluted	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
different	O
applications	O
,	O
including	O
oil	O
massages	O
,	O
fragrant	O
baths	O
,	O
and	O
heating	O
of	O
oils	O
over	O
a	O
flame	O
to	O
diffuse	O
the	O
aroma	O
.	O


Tang	B-PERSON
Ya	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chun	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Alexander	B-ORG
Health	I-ORG
Clubs	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
,	O
"	O
In	O
fact	O
you	O
could	O
consider	O
aromatherapy	O
the	O
latest	O
trend	O
in	O
personal	O
care	O
.	O


To	O
combine	O
this	O
with	O
working	O
out	O
is	O
to	O
combine	O
a	O
beauty	O
perspective	O
with	O
a	O
health	O
one	O
,	O
with	O
more	O
of	O
a	O
recreational	O
feel	O
.	O
"	O


There	O
's	O
nothing	O
new	O
about	O
aroma	O
-	O
therapy	O
.	O


People	O
in	O
ancient	O
Rome	B-GPE
often	O
rubbed	O
their	O
bodies	O
with	O
oil	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
baths	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
relieving	O
stress	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shen	I-WORK_OF_ART
Nong	I-WORK_OF_ART
Ben	I-WORK_OF_ART
Cao	I-WORK_OF_ART
Jing	I-WORK_OF_ART
[	O
Classic	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Roots	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Herbs	I-WORK_OF_ART
Discovered	I-WORK_OF_ART
by	I-WORK_OF_ART
Shen	I-WORK_OF_ART
Nong	I-WORK_OF_ART
]	O
,	O
the	O
oldest	O
Chinese	B-NORP
medical	O
treatise	O
,	O
also	O
describes	O
treatments	O
which	O
are	O
functionally	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
aromatherapy	O
.	O


So	O
why	O
the	O
sudden	O
surge	O
of	O
interest	O
?	O


Perhaps	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
greater	O
need	O
among	O
modern	O
people	O
-	O
plagued	O
by	O
stress	O
,	O
insomnia	O
,	O
anxiety	O
,	O
and	O
inability	O
to	O
concentrate	O
-	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
chill	O
out	O
.	O


Tang	B-PERSON
Ya	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chun	I-PERSON
states	O
that	O
most	O
health	O
clubs	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
combine	O
aromatherapy	O
with	O
hydrotherapy	O
,	O
and	O
include	O
these	O
treatments	O
under	O
their	O
"	O
spa	O
"	O
services	O
.	O


As	O
Tang	B-PERSON
explains	O
:	O
"	O
In	O
the	O
spa	O
,	O
particular	O
attention	O
is	O
devoted	O
to	O
the	O
pleasuring	O
and	O
relaxation	O
of	O
the	O
senses	O
of	O
smell	O
,	O
hearing	O
,	O
touch	O
,	O
taste	O
,	O
and	O
vision	O
.	O


Besides	O
mellow	O
music	O
,	O
soft	O
lighting	O
,	O
and	O
diffusion	O
of	O
fragrant	O
oils	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
'	O
Vichy	O
bath	O
,	O
'	O
which	O
allows	O
the	O
skin	O
to	O
breathe	O
more	O
freely	O
.	O


With	O
an	O
aromatherapy	O
massage	O
,	O
essential	O
oils	O
sink	O
in	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
skin	O
regains	O
its	O
flexibility	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
order	O
that	O
members	O
can	O
really	O
let	O
their	O
hair	O
down	O
,	O
most	O
"	O
spa	O
"	O
facilities	O
are	O
only	O
open	O
to	O
women	O
.	O


Because	O
there	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
specialists	O
on	O
duty	O
,	O
the	O
cost	O
is	O
quite	O
high	O
,	O
so	O
in	O
most	O
health	O
clubs	O
aromatherapy	O
is	O
available	O
only	O
at	O
an	O
additional	O
charge	O
.	O


Different	O
fragrances	O
have	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
said	O
,	O
different	O
effects	O
:	O
Lavender	O
helps	O
with	O
problems	O
like	O
tension	O
and	O
exhaustion	O
.	O


Sandalwood	O
promotes	O
relaxation	O
and	O
tranquility	O
.	O


Bergamot	O
helps	O
settle	O
the	O
mind	O
.	O


Rose	O
is	O
advised	O
for	O
inflammation	O
and	O
swelling	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
also	O
invigorates	O
the	O
skin	O
.	O


Chamomile	O
relieves	O
tension	O
and	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
treating	O
menstrual	O
cramps	O
and	O
insomnia	O
.	O


Different	O
oils	O
can	O
be	O
combined	O
depending	O
on	O
different	O
needs	O
.	O


Does	O
aromatherapy	O
really	O
work	O
?	O


Ho	B-PERSON
Tsung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsien	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
doctor	O
of	O
traditional	O
Chinese	B-NORP
medicine	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
Chinese	B-NORP
medicine	O
has	O
long	O
included	O
some	O
aromatherapy	O
-	O
like	O
treatments	O
,	O
and	O
theoretically	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
for	O
the	O
medicinal	O
effects	O
of	O
oils	O
to	O
be	O
transmitted	O
to	O
the	O
body	O
through	O
the	O
meridians	O
using	O
tuina	O
-LRB-	O
traditional	O
Chinese	B-NORP
massage	O
therapy	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


"	O
Things	O
used	O
in	O
aroma	O
-	O
therapy	O
like	O
lavender	O
and	O
sandalwood	O
definitely	O
help	O
people	O
relax	O
and	O
sleep	O
better	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
relieve	O
tension	O
and	O
headaches	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Dr.	O
Ho	B-PERSON
.	O


"	O
But	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
cautions	O
,	O
"	O
the	O
user	O
has	O
to	O
put	O
him	O
-	O
or	O
herself	O
in	O
the	O
proper	O
frame	O
of	O
mind	O
to	O
relax	O
,	O
or	O
else	O
the	O
effect	O
will	O
be	O
largely	O
cancelled	O
out	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
adds	O
,	O
moreover	O
,	O
that	O
he	O
remains	O
skeptical	O
of	O
claims	O
of	O
wider	O
curative	O
powers	O
for	O
aromatherapy	O
.	O


A	O
Miss	O
Wu	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
sometimes	O
goes	O
to	O
spas	O
,	O
testifies	O
that	O
aromatherapy	O
definitely	O
helps	O
her	O
mellow	O
out	O
.	O


"	O
But	O
at	O
one	B-MONEY
or	I-MONEY
two	I-MONEY
thousand	I-MONEY
NT	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
per	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
too	O
expensive	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
health	O
club	O
more	O
than	O
once	O
in	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


I	O
more	O
often	O
buy	O
aromatic	O
oils	O
and	O
use	O
them	O
at	O
home	O
-	O
just	O
take	O
a	O
fragrant	O
bath	O
or	O
heat	O
the	O
oil	O
to	O
diffuse	O
the	O
fragrance	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
much	O
more	O
affordable	O
.	O
"	O


It	O
is	O
undeniable	O
that	O
both	O
Tang	B-PERSON
Ya	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chun	I-PERSON
and	O
Miss	O
Wu	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
both	O
use	O
aromatherapy	O
from	O
time	O
to	O
time	O
,	O
look	O
vibrant	O
and	O
healthy	O
.	O


Is	O
this	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
"	O
essential	O
oils	O
,	O
"	O
or	O
is	O
it	O
just	O
that	O
people	O
who	O
would	O
use	O
aromatherapy	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
people	O
who	O
take	O
good	O
care	O
of	O
their	O
health	O
in	O
general	O
?	O


Anyway	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
harm	O
in	O
giving	O
it	O
a	O
try	O
yourself	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
may	O
find	O
your	O
own	O
answer	O
.	O


p.	O
36	B-CARDINAL


A	O
few	O
drops	O
of	O
essential	O
oils	O
,	O
a	O
charming	O
wooden	O
barrel	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
comfy	O
chair	O
-	O
what	O
more	O
could	O
you	O
ask	O
?	O


Health	O
club	O
VIP	O
rooms	O
offer	O
fragrant	O
relaxation	O
.	O


p.	O
37	B-CARDINAL


Essential	O
oils	O
come	O
in	O
enticing	O
packages	O
;	O
different	O
aromatherapy	O
products	O
are	O
advised	O
for	O
different	O
effects	O
.	O


Gods	O
of	O
Wealth	O
,	O
Please	O
Report	O
!	O


-LRB-	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ju	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Hseuh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Jonathan	B-PERSON
Barnard	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
economy	O
may	O
be	O
slump	O
-	O
ing	O
,	O
but	O
people	O
still	O
have	O
to	O
eat	O
and	O
drink	O
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
have	O
traditionally	O
listed	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
essentials	O
for	O
any	O
household	O
:	O
firewood	O
,	O
rice	O
,	O
oil	O
,	O
salt	O
,	O
soy	O
sauce	O
,	O
vinegar	O
,	O
and	O
tea	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
another	O
item	O
that	O
only	O
seems	O
to	O
grow	O
more	O
indispensable	O
the	O
harder	O
times	O
become	O
.	O


Indeed	O
some	O
say	O
that	O
unless	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
wealth	O
charm	O
-	O
"	O
the	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
household	O
essential	O
"	O
-	O
you	O
will	O
never	O
find	O
peace	O
of	O
mind	O
!	O


Here	O
at	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
the	I-EVENT
Snake	I-EVENT
is	O
upon	O
us	O
.	O


Have	O
you	O
found	O
your	O
path	O
to	O
prosperity	O
?	O


Have	O
you	O
identified	O
the	O
mascots	O
of	O
money	O
-	O
making	O
?	O


If	O
you	O
ask	O
the	O
shopkeepers	O
in	O
the	O
main	O
streets	O
or	O
back	O
alleys	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
the	O
favorite	O
figure	O
of	O
the	O
moment	O
is	O
the	O
Maneki	O
Neko	O
,	O
or	O
Japanese	B-NORP
"	O
beckoning	O
cat	O
,	O
"	O
whose	O
Chinese	B-NORP
name	O
is	O
literally	O
"	O
wealth	O
-	O
attracting	O
cat	O
"	O
-LRB-	O
-LRB-c-RRB-?Ìö]o?	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
Maneki	O
Neko	O
has	O
ridden	O
a	O
wave	O
of	O
fashion	O
for	O
things	O
Japanese	B-NORP
to	O
superstardom	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
its	O
sales	O
have	O
n't	O
suffered	O
a	O
whit	O
with	O
the	O
slumping	O
economy	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
are	O
Japanese	B-NORP
foodstuff	O
shops	O
and	O
Japanese	B-NORP
product	O
counters	O
at	O
department	O
stores	O
quickly	O
selling	O
out	O
of	O
their	O
regular	O
shipments	O
of	O
these	O
feline	O
fortune	O
finders	O
,	O
Maneki	O
Nekos	O
were	O
even	O
on	O
sale	O
in	O
the	O
run	O
-	O
up	O
to	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
at	O
the	O
roadside	O
stalls	O
selling	O
traditional	O
Chinese	B-NORP
holiday	O
paraphernalia	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
lanterns	O
and	O
spring	O
couplets	O
on	O
red	O
paper	O
.	O


They	O
smiled	O
flirtatiously	O
at	O
shoppers	O
from	O
between	O
the	O
potbellied	O
Buddhas	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
mock	O
gold	O
ingots	O
.	O


Amid	O
the	O
crowds	O
and	O
the	O
hubbub	O
at	O
the	O
Sogo	B-ORG
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
top	O
-	O
grossing	O
department	O
store	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
clear	O
that	O
these	O
kitties	O
bring	O
more	O
than	O
just	O
good	O
financial	O
fortune	O
.	O


Check	O
out	O
this	O
rack	O
full	O
of	O
copycat	O
charms	O
that	O
have	O
come	O
from	O
Japan	B-GPE
on	O
Maneki	O
Neko	O
's	O
tail	O
.	O


Take	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
this	O
litter	O
of	O
Fengshui	O
Kitties	O
,	O
lined	O
up	O
here	O
with	O
each	O
holding	O
a	O
different	O
colored	O
pearl	O
:	O
red	O
,	O
purple	O
,	O
blue	O
,	O
white	O
or	O
yellow	O
.	O


The	O
Fengshui	O
Kitty	O
with	O
the	O
yellow	O
pearl	O
,	O
which	O
specializes	O
in	O
attracting	O
money	O
,	O
is	O
now	O
selling	O
even	O
better	O
than	O
Maneki	O
Neko	O
!	O


Foreign	O
cats	O
,	O
local	O
toads	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
restrict	O
our	O
survey	O
to	O
foreign	O
felines	O
.	O


Chinese	B-NORP
are	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
rule	O
,	O
fengshui	O
experts	O
who	O
will	O
consider	O
the	O
auspiciousness	O
of	O
virtually	O
anything	O
.	O


For	O
that	O
matter	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
display	O
a	O
willingness	O
to	O
believe	O
in	O
the	O
auspiciousness	O
of	O
just	O
about	O
anything	O
!	O


Hence	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
never	O
lacked	O
their	O
own	O
stately	O
or	O
amusing	O
charms	O
to	O
pull	O
in	O
wealth	O
and	O
keep	O
it	O
within	O
a	O
household	O
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
folk	O
charms	O
of	O
financial	O
good	O
fortune	O
have	O
a	O
great	O
variety	O
of	O
origins	O
,	O
an	O
abundance	O
that	O
is	O
due	O
in	O
large	O
part	O
to	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
's	O
virtuosity	O
at	O
making	O
things	O
up	O
as	O
they	O
go	O
along	O
.	O


For	O
starters	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
Wealth	O
on	O
the	O
peachwood	O
charms	O
that	O
people	O
bring	O
out	O
for	O
the	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
.	O


Round	O
-	O
faced	O
and	O
smiling	O
,	O
he	O
wears	O
a	O
mandarin	O
's	O
hat	O
and	O
robes	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
very	O
presence	O
seems	O
to	O
exude	O
affluence	O
and	O
good	O
times	O
.	O


Amiable	O
and	O
ubiquitous	O
local	O
land	O
gods	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
seen	O
grasping	O
silver	O
or	O
gold	O
ingots	O
,	O
doing	O
their	O
bit	O
to	O
bring	O
wealth	O
to	O
the	O
neighborhood	O
.	O


By	O
some	O
twist	O
of	O
fate	O
even	O
the	O
Daoist	B-NORP
deity	O
Guan	O
Gong	O
,	O
who	O
never	O
made	O
much	O
money	O
during	O
his	O
time	O
as	O
a	O
mortal	O
,	O
has	O
come	O
to	O
be	O
regarded	O
as	O
a	O
god	O
of	O
wealth	O
.	O


Love	O
of	O
money	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
constant	O
across	O
the	O
ages	O
,	O
observable	O
in	O
such	O
time	O
-	O
honored	O
Chinese	B-NORP
traditions	O
as	O
burning	O
incense	O
to	O
pray	O
to	O
gods	O
of	O
wealth	O
.	O


Many	O
Chinese	B-NORP
wealth	O
charms	O
are	O
traditional	O
objects	O
that	O
have	O
long	O
been	O
ascribed	O
these	O
powers	O
.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
legged	O
toad	O
,	O
whose	O
origins	O
lie	O
in	O
a	O
classic	O
folktale	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
old	O
favorite	O
that	O
has	O
never	O
fallen	O
from	O
popular	O
favor	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
legend	O
,	O
a	O
Daoist	B-NORP
master	O
named	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Hai	I-PERSON
and	O
a	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
legged	O
golden	O
toad	O
scattered	O
gold	O
coins	O
across	O
the	O
land	O
.	O


If	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
fell	O
into	O
your	O
home	O
,	O
your	O
family	O
would	O
enjoy	O
prosperity	O
for	O
thousands	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
earliest	O
known	O
depiction	O
of	O
this	O
toad	O
is	O
the	O
"	O
toad	O
in	O
the	O
moon	O
"	O
found	O
in	O
a	O
Han	B-NORP
dynasty	O
silk	O
painting	O
that	O
was	O
unearthed	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Mawangdui	I-LOC
Tombs	I-LOC
.	O


Because	O
of	O
the	O
legend	O
of	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Hai	I-PERSON
teasing	O
the	O
golden	O
toad	O
,	O
toads	O
became	O
auspicious	O
symbols	O
revered	O
throughout	O
China	B-GPE
ever	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
Eastern	I-DATE
Han	I-DATE
dynasty	I-DATE
-LRB-	O
AD	B-DATE
25	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
220	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
legend	O
,	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Hai	I-PERSON
was	O
the	O
student	O
of	O
a	O
miserly	O
Daoist	B-NORP
master	O
.	O


This	O
master	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
corrupt	O
and	O
was	O
put	O
into	O
a	O
well	O
for	O
punishment	O
,	O
where	O
he	O
became	O
a	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
legged	O
toad	O
.	O


Liu	B-PERSON
Hai	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
attempts	O
to	O
save	O
his	O
master	O
repeatedly	O
failed	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Hai	I-PERSON
came	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
tying	O
a	O
silk	O
thread	O
to	O
a	O
traditional	O
Chinese	B-NORP
coin	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
threw	O
into	O
the	O
well	O
.	O


When	O
his	O
teacher	O
saw	O
the	O
coin	O
,	O
he	O
could	O
n't	O
help	O
but	O
bite	O
.	O


From	O
that	O
moment	O
,	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
legged	O
toad	O
became	O
a	O
symbol	O
of	O
wealth	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Hai	I-PERSON
on	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
the	O
toad	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
gold	O
ingot	O
in	O
his	O
outstretched	O
arms	O
became	O
a	O
favorite	O
subject	O
for	O
folk	O
art	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
legged	O
toad	O
managed	O
to	O
separate	O
from	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Hai	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
came	O
to	O
be	O
marketed	O
as	O
an	O
auspicious	O
figure	O
in	O
its	O
own	O
right	O
.	O


The	O
higher	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
soared	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
plastic	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
legged	O
toads	O
were	O
pulled	O
from	O
their	O
manufacturing	O
molds	O
.	O


You	O
could	O
also	O
buy	O
brass	O
toads	O
that	O
held	O
coins	O
in	O
their	O
mouths	O
.	O


These	O
served	O
as	O
money	O
charms	O
for	O
shops	O
,	O
whose	O
owners	O
would	O
turn	O
them	O
facing	O
outward	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
attract	O
wealth	O
inside	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
shopkeepers	O
closed	O
their	O
stores	O
at	O
dusk	O
,	O
they	O
'd	O
turn	O
the	O
toads	O
around	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
good	O
fortune	O
would	O
slip	O
away	O
overnight	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
you	O
can	O
still	O
see	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
legged	O
toads	O
at	O
jade	O
markets	O
and	O
night	O
markets	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
that	O
with	O
the	O
fashion	O
for	O
things	O
Japanese	B-NORP
,	O
Maneki	O
Nekos	O
prevail	O
,	O
and	O
figures	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
legged	O
toads	O
are	O
not	O
nearly	O
as	O
prevalent	O
as	O
they	O
once	O
were	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
potbellied	O
,	O
grinning	O
figure	O
of	O
Maitreya	B-PERSON
Buddha	I-PERSON
is	O
so	O
pleasing	O
that	O
his	O
popularity	O
even	O
today	B-DATE
is	O
no	O
less	O
than	O
Maneki	O
Neko	O
's	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
often	O
find	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
next	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
in	O
stores	O
and	O
markets	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
potbellied	O
Buddha	B-PERSON
by	O
himself	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
popular	O
motif	O
for	O
china	B-GPE
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
jade	O
and	O
wood	O
carvings	O
.	O


Maitreya	B-PERSON
Buddha	I-PERSON
has	O
also	O
been	O
transformed	O
into	O
the	O
figure	O
of	O
a	O
monk	O
carrying	O
a	O
burlap	O
sack	O
.	O


Whatever	O
you	O
give	O
to	O
this	O
old	O
monk	O
,	O
he	O
puts	O
in	O
the	O
sack	O
behind	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
this	O
smiling	O
old	O
man	O
takes	O
with	O
one	B-CARDINAL
hand	O
,	O
he	O
gives	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
.	O


Look	O
carefully	O
at	O
the	O
plump	O
Buddhas	B-PERSON
found	O
in	O
stores	O
and	O
homes	O
.	O


Notice	O
the	O
full	O
sack	O
of	O
stuff	O
that	O
is	O
often	O
found	O
behind	O
them	O
.	O


What	O
treasures	O
lie	O
within	O
?	O


That	O
we	O
leave	O
to	O
the	O
beholder	O
's	O
imagination	O
.	O


Money	O
trees	O
and	O
golden	O
eggs	O


Then	O
there	O
are	O
the	O
assorted	O
golden	O
animals	O
or	O
other	O
objects	O
that	O
are	O
variations	O
on	O
the	O
theme	O
of	O
the	O
golden	O
hen	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
equivalent	O
of	O
the	O
goose	O
that	O
lays	O
the	O
golden	O
egg	O
.	O


The	O
name	O
for	O
the	O
spotted	O
leopard	O
in	O
Chinese	B-NORP
is	O
jinqian	O
bao	O
,	O
or	O
"	O
money	O
leopard	O
"	O
-	O
so	O
named	O
because	O
its	O
spots	O
look	O
like	O
coins	O
.	O


This	O
name	O
has	O
made	O
the	O
spotted	O
leopard	O
a	O
common	O
motif	O
for	O
costume	O
jewelry	O
.	O


Sometimes	O
auspicious	O
objects	O
are	O
chosen	O
for	O
a	O
play	O
on	O
words	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
character	O
in	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
compound	O
for	O
"	O
coffin	O
"	O
-LRB-	O
guan:	O
ÛDÌ’	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
a	O
homonym	O
for	O
a	O
character	O
that	O
means	O
"	O
high	O
official	O
"	O
-LRB-	O
-LRB-c-RRB-x	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
second	O
character	O
-LRB-	O
cai:	O
s?	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
a	O
homonym	O
for	O
a	O
character	O
that	O
means	O
"	O
wealth	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
money	O
"	O
-LRB-	O
Ìö]	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
coffins	O
became	O
popular	O
symbols	O
of	O
good	O
fortune	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
back	I-DATE
.	O


Foot	B-QUANTITY
-	O
long	O
red	O
coffins	O
would	O
sit	O
on	O
counters	O
in	O
big	O
stores	O
,	O
and	O
people	O
would	O
carry	O
around	O
mini-coffin	O
key	O
chains	O
.	O


Normally	O
superstitious	O
people	O
were	O
willing	O
to	O
break	O
the	O
strong	O
taboo	O
associated	O
with	O
coffins	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
double	O
allusion	O
to	O
the	O
phrase	O
"	O
sheng	O
guan	O
fa	O
cai	O
"	O
-LRB-	O
Ìò...-LRB-c-RRB-x˙goÌö]	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
,	O
"	O
Attain	O
high	O
office	O
and	O
make	O
a	O
fortune	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
owners	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
shops	O
that	O
sell	O
wealth	O
charms	O
all	O
agree	O
that	O
when	O
sales	O
of	O
other	O
lines	O
flag	O
,	O
business	O
for	O
these	O
charms	O
only	O
increases	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
true	O
"	O
money	O
trees	O
.	O
"	O


With	O
the	O
economic	O
downturn	O
,	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Nien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
feng	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
florist	O
who	O
often	O
works	O
for	O
the	O
television	O
and	O
entertainment	O
industries	O
,	O
has	O
had	O
plenty	O
to	O
sigh	O
about	O
.	O


He	O
reveals	O
that	O
showbusiness	O
promotion	O
budgets	O
have	O
been	O
cut	O
in	O
half	B-CARDINAL
.	O


As	O
a	O
consequence	O
,	O
his	O
flower	O
-	O
arranging	O
business	O
has	O
likewise	O
shriveled	O
.	O


But	O
just	O
a	O
few	O
steps	O
down	O
the	O
street	O
is	O
another	O
flower	O
shop	O
whose	O
salesclerk	O
says	O
that	O
business	O
is	O
n't	O
bad	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


Looking	O
around	O
,	O
you	O
notice	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
flashily	O
ornamented	O
"	O
gold	O
ingot	O
trees	O
"	O
at	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
shop	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
placed	O
in	O
pots	O
shaped	O
liked	O
gold	O
ingots	O
.	O


Mock	O
gold	O
ingots	O
also	O
hang	O
like	O
fruit	O
from	O
the	O
branches	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
festooned	O
with	O
red	O
ribbon	O
bows	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
other	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
store	O
is	O
a	O
line	O
of	O
long	O
-	O
branched	O
gold	O
money	O
trees	O
.	O


Thick	O
round	O
leaves	O
grow	O
from	O
the	O
branches	O
in	O
groups	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
,	O
giving	O
each	O
branch	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
string	O
of	O
coins	O
.	O


Although	O
these	O
imported	O
plants	O
are	O
in	O
high	O
demand	O
,	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
salesclerks	O
at	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
stores	O
seem	O
to	O
have	O
any	O
idea	O
what	O
the	O
proper	O
name	O
for	O
them	O
is	O
.	O


In	O
any	O
case	O
,	O
most	O
buyers	O
do	O
n't	O
ask	O
.	O


As	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
trees	O
are	O
said	O
to	O
attract	O
money	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
sure	O
to	O
fly	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
store	O
and	O
into	O
people	O
's	O
homes	O
.	O


"	O
These	O
types	O
of	O
money	O
trees	O
are	O
the	O
favorite	O
of	O
banks	O
,	O
"	O
affirms	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
"	B-ORG
Tip	I-ORG
Top	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
flower	O
store	O
on	O
Pateh	B-FAC
Road	I-FAC
.	O


But	O
banks	O
are	O
far	O
from	O
the	O
only	O
purchasers	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
weak	O
,	O
shops	O
frequently	O
close	O
,	O
undergo	O
renovations	O
and	O
open	O
up	O
again	O
with	O
new	O
proprietors	O
.	O


These	O
inexpensive	O
and	O
auspicious	O
money	O
charm	O
trees	O
make	O
excellent	O
gifts	O
for	O
friends	O
opening	O
new	O
stores	O
!	O


For	O
the	O
florists	O
who	O
are	O
smart	O
enough	O
to	O
sell	O
these	O
arrangements	O
made	O
with	O
ivy	O
,	O
shaving	O
-	O
brush	O
trees	O
and	O
"	O
gold	O
ingot	O
trees	O
,	O
"	O
it	O
is	O
only	O
a	O
slight	O
exaggeration	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
their	O
business	O
improves	O
the	O
worse	O
the	O
economy	O
gets	O
!	O


To	O
bank	O
on	O
fish	O
tanks	O


But	O
the	O
truth	O
is	O
that	O
objects	O
said	O
to	O
attract	O
money	O
sell	O
just	O
as	O
well	O
in	O
good	O
times	O
as	O
bad	O
,	O
for	O
when	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
strong	O
,	O
people	O
are	O
willing	O
to	O
spend	O
large	O
sums	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
hold	O
onto	O
their	O
wealth	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
last	O
peaked	O
amid	O
a	O
craze	O
for	O
fengshui	O
fish	O
tanks	O
and	O
crystals	O
.	O


Since	O
water	O
is	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
element	O
that	O
indicates	O
wealth	O
,	O
many	O
business	O
people	O
like	O
to	O
keep	O
fish	O
tanks	O
.	O


Huang	B-PERSON
Chiung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yu	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
selling	O
fish	O
and	O
aquariums	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
decade	O
,	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
entrepreneurs	O
were	O
installing	O
NT$	B-MONEY
200,000	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
300,000	I-MONEY
fish	O
tanks	O
in	O
their	O
homes	O
or	O
offices	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
falling	O
stock	O
market	O
has	O
meant	O
that	O
aquarium	O
sellers	O
have	O
had	O
to	O
lower	O
their	O
prices	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
found	O
no	O
shortage	O
of	O
customers	O
willing	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
these	O
bargains	O
.	O


Since	O
fish	O
tanks	O
help	O
you	O
change	O
your	O
fate	O
when	O
something	O
bad	O
is	O
expected	O
,	O
and	O
otherwise	O
help	O
to	O
attract	O
money	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
perennial	O
hot	O
sellers	O
.	O


A	O
Miss	O
Lai	B-PERSON
works	O
for	O
a	O
broadband	O
Internet	O
access	O
provider	O
and	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
taking	O
care	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
large	O
office	O
fish	O
tanks	O
.	O


Her	O
company	O
has	O
been	O
hit	O
by	O
the	O
slumping	O
economy	O
and	O
is	O
striving	O
to	O
cut	O
down	O
on	O
expenses	O
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
consideration	O
being	O
given	O
to	O
reducing	O
the	O
NT$	B-MONEY
5,000	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
6,000	I-MONEY
spent	O
each	O
month	O
on	O
cleaning	O
the	O
tanks	O
,	O
let	O
alone	O
any	O
thought	O
of	O
cutting	O
back	O
on	O
the	O
money	O
spent	O
on	O
fish	O
food	O
or	O
the	O
occasional	O
replacement	O
fish	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Core	I-ORG
Pacific	I-ORG
eCommerce	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
just	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
got	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
fish	O
and	O
aquarium	O
business	O
,	O
correctly	O
predicted	O
that	O
the	O
economic	O
downturn	O
would	O
mean	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
those	O
needing	O
fish	O
tanks	O
to	O
soothe	O
their	O
financial	O
psyches	O
.	O


With	O
an	O
eye	O
on	O
this	O
group	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
on	O
those	O
consumers	O
replacing	O
old	O
money	O
charms	O
with	O
new	O
ones	O
or	O
those	O
buying	O
auspicious	O
objects	O
for	O
the	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
,	O
Core	B-ORG
Pacific	I-ORG
devised	O
a	O
marketing	O
plan	O
to	O
sell	O
the	O
seven	O
major	O
money	O
-	O
charmed	O
fish	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
takes	O
orders	O
over	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
offers	O
the	O
services	O
of	O
experts	O
who	O
make	O
house	O
calls	O
,	O
and	O
delivers	O
.	O


Customers	O
hence	O
save	O
time	O
and	O
energy	O
.	O


Core	B-ORG
's	O
best	O
-	O
selling	O
fish	O
include	O
carp	O
,	O
goldfish	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
blood	O
parrotfish	O
,	O
"	O
which	O
are	O
red	O
and	O
round	O
like	O
balls	O
.	O


The	O
market	O
for	O
crystals	O
has	O
also	O
managed	O
to	O
retain	O
its	O
luster	O
.	O


Crystals	O
are	O
said	O
to	O
alter	O
force	O
fields	O
and	O
thereby	O
improve	O
one	O
's	O
physique	O
,	O
regulate	O
one	O
's	O
qi	O
,	O
and	O
bolster	O
one	O
's	O
finances	O
.	O


For	O
going	B-ORG
on	I-ORG
ten	I-ORG
years	I-ORG
now	O
,	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
hot	O
sellers	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Crystal	O
markets	O
have	O
sprung	O
up	O
like	O
mushrooms	O
after	O
rain	O
,	O
and	O
shops	O
where	O
a	O
premium	O
is	O
put	O
on	O
color	O
coordination	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
florists	O
or	O
clothing	O
stores	O
,	O
often	O
use	O
unfinished	O
whole	O
crystals	O
or	O
amethysts	O
to	O
add	O
panache	O
to	O
their	O
decor	O
.	O


Huang	B-PERSON
Hao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chuan	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
importer	O
,	O
exporter	O
and	O
processor	O
of	O
gems	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
crystals	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
used	O
to	O
come	O
exclusively	O
from	O
Brazil	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
recently	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Madagascar	B-GPE
have	O
emerged	O
as	O
additional	O
sources	O
of	O
supply	O
.	O


The	O
growth	O
in	O
supply	O
suggests	O
that	O
crystals	O
'	O
star	O
has	O
n't	O
fallen	O
yet	O
.	O


Huang	B-PERSON
explains	O
that	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
crystals	O
is	O
n't	O
what	O
it	O
once	O
was	O
.	O


Yet	O
sales	O
quantities	O
are	O
up	O
,	O
thereby	O
offsetting	O
the	O
falling	O
profit	O
margins	O
.	O


May	O
you	O
prosper	O
!	O


While	O
the	O
hot	O
sales	O
of	O
money	O
charms	O
are	O
no	O
doubt	O
partly	O
attributable	O
to	O
the	O
enterprising	O
efforts	O
of	O
dealers	O
and	O
retailers	O
,	O
the	O
slumping	O
economy	O
and	O
growing	O
number	O
of	O
fortunetellers	O
have	O
also	O
played	O
a	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
boom	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
habitually	O
get	O
their	O
fortunes	O
told	O
are	O
naturally	O
given	O
to	O
installing	O
a	O
fish	O
tank	O
here	O
at	O
one	B-CARDINAL
moment	O
and	O
positioning	O
a	O
crystal	O
over	O
there	O
the	O
next	O
.	O


But	O
recently	O
many	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
ordinarily	O
superstitious	O
have	O
sought	O
the	O
services	O
of	O
fortunetellers	O
when	O
they	O
've	O
seen	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
their	O
stocks	O
decline	O
.	O


They	O
might	O
be	O
told	O
something	O
along	O
these	O
lines	O
:	O
"	O
Get	O
a	O
dragon	O
or	O
a	O
God	O
of	O
Wealth	O
carved	O
in	O
a	O
topaz	O
and	O
the	O
deity	O
Taishang	O
Laojun	O
carved	O
in	O
an	O
amethyst	O
,	O
and	O
hang	O
them	O
over	O
your	O
chest	O
from	O
a	O
string	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
knots	O
.	O


Otherwise	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
hang	O
a	O
yucai	O
painting	O
at	O
home	O
,	O
and	O
perform	O
good	O
deeds	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
sixth	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
eighth	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
every	O
lunar	O
month	O
.	O


Only	O
by	O
so	O
doing	O
will	O
you	O
meet	O
with	O
good	O
fortune	O
!	O
"	O


If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
avoid	O
going	O
to	O
all	O
this	O
trouble	O
,	O
you	O
might	O
instead	O
consult	O
the	O
traditional	O
Chinese	B-NORP
farmers	O
'	O
almanac	O
,	O
which	O
suggests	O
that	O
during	O
bad	O
times	O
people	O
can	O
turn	O
their	O
fortunes	O
by	O
repositioning	O
their	O
water	O
coolers	O
or	O
hot	O
water	O
dispensers	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
up	O
the	O
individual	O
to	O
decide	O
whether	O
to	O
believe	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
this	O
.	O


May	O
you	O
meet	O
with	O
good	O
fortune	O
and	O
prosperity	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
!	O


p.	O
38	B-CARDINAL


"	O
We	O
're	O
in	O
the	O
money	O
.	O
"	O


This	O
trio	O
of	O
mixed	O
colored	O
cats	O
will	O
work	O
hard	O
to	O
attract	O
wealth	O
for	O
their	O
owner	O
.	O


p.	O
39	B-CARDINAL


"	O
Buy	O
me	O
,	O
"	O
this	O
mustachioed	O
and	O
smiling	O
deity	O
of	O
wealth	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
saying	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
you	O
take	O
me	O
home	O
,	O
I	O
guarantee	O
that	O
I	O
'll	O
make	O
you	O
a	O
fortune	O
!	O
"	O


p.	O
40	B-CARDINAL


Never	O
mind	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
outrageously	O
attired	O
!	O


For	O
many	O
a	O
store	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
the	O
proverbial	O
money	O
tree	O
.	O


p.	O
40	B-CARDINAL


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
legged	O
toad	O
biting	O
a	O
coin	O
is	O
a	O
famous	O
wealth	O
charm	O
.	O


But	O
how	O
many	O
know	O
that	O
his	O
origin	O
is	O
traced	O
to	O
the	O
ancient	O
folk	O
tale	O
"	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Hai	I-PERSON
Teases	O
the	O
Golden	O
Toad	O
"	O
?	O


p.	O
41	B-CARDINAL


"	O
I	O
am	O
called	O
the	O
peacock	O
fish	O
!	O
"	O


Those	O
who	O
keep	O
me	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
attract	O
wealth	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
often	O
forget	O
my	O
name	O
.	O


p.	O
41	B-CARDINAL


Beautiful	O
and	O
transparent	O
crystals	O
were	O
once	O
the	O
most	O
expensive	O
and	O
elegant	O
of	O
wealth	O
charms	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


p.	O
41	B-CARDINAL


Here	O
a	O
pot	O
-	O
bellied	O
Buddha	B-PERSON
is	O
matched	O
with	O
a	O
water	O
ball	O
.	O


This	O
auspicious	O
pair	O
is	O
bound	O
to	O
make	O
you	O
a	O
fortune	O
-	O
whether	O
you	O
want	O
the	O
money	O
or	O
not	O
!	O


Chinese	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
in	O
the	B-LOC
Southern	I-LOC
Hemisphere	I-LOC


-LRB-	O
by	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON
,	O
Auckland	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
New	I-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Christopher	B-PERSON
MacDonald	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
summer	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
celebrating	O
Chinese	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
.	O


There	O
are	O
plenty	O
of	O
Asian	B-NORP
immigrants	O
on	O
the	O
east	O
side	O
of	O
Auckland	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
if	O
New	B-NORP
Zealanders	I-NORP
can	O
have	O
Christmas	B-EVENT
on	O
a	O
sweltering	O
hot	O
day	O
,	O
then	O
why	O
should	O
n't	O
we	O
Asians	B-NORP
do	O
something	O
to	O
mark	O
our	O
traditional	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
?	O


Thus	O
it	O
was	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Asian	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
UAA	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Hua	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Hsia	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
-	O
a	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
organization	O
-	O
organized	O
the	O
"	O
Celebrating	B-EVENT
Oriental	I-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
"	O
event	O
.	O


To	O
our	O
surprise	O
,	O
over	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
visitors	O
came	O
for	O
the	O
performances	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
leading	O
politicians	O
including	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Jenny	B-PERSON
Shipley	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
mayor	O
of	O
Manukua	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
event	O
took	O
place	O
outdoors	O
in	O
Howick	B-GPE
Domain	I-GPE
and	O
lasted	O
over	O
five	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Hua	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Hsia	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
groups	O
representing	O
Korea	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Philippines	B-GPE
,	O
Malaysia	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
Asian	B-NORP
countries	O
participated	O
.	O


The	O
stage	O
was	O
meticulously	O
decorated	O
,	O
with	O
Chinese	B-NORP
lanterns	O
hanging	O
from	O
the	O
canopy	O
and	O
a	O
scarlet	O
imperial	O
robe	O
draped	O
against	O
the	O
black	O
backdrop	O
,	O
creating	O
a	O
very	O
Chinese	B-NORP
atmosphere	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
folk	O
dances	O
performed	O
in	O
traditional	O
Chinese	B-NORP
costume	O
,	O
and	O
towards	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
a	O
spectacular	O
dragon	O
dance	O
given	O
by	O
members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Hua	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Hsia	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
sound	O
of	O
gongs	O
and	O
drums	O
filled	O
the	O
air	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
clapping	O
and	O
gasps	O
of	O
admiration	O
from	O
the	O
audience	O
.	O


Not	O
many	O
knew	O
how	O
much	O
hard	O
work	O
had	O
gone	O
on	O
behind	O
the	O
scenes	O
for	O
this	O
successful	O
cultural	O
event	O
.	O


Support	O
from	O
the	O
then	O
-	O
representative	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Cultural	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
,	O
R.C.	B-PERSON
Shih	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
an	O
important	O
element	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
's	O
success	O
.	O


The	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
UAA	B-ORG
,	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
,	O
is	O
a	B-NORP
New	I-NORP
Zealander	I-NORP
who	O
is	O
very	O
fond	O
of	O
Asian	B-NORP
culture	O
.	O


She	O
holds	O
regular	O
seminars	O
for	O
new	O
immigrants	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
recently	O
awarded	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Queen	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Service	I-WORK_OF_ART
Medal	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
recognition	O
of	O
her	O
dedication	O
.	O


The	O
UAA	B-ORG
holds	O
a	O
"	O
Celebrating	B-EVENT
Oriental	I-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
"	O
event	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
every	O
year	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
encouraging	O
cultural	O
interchange	O
,	O
but	O
every	O
year	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
struggle	O
to	O
find	O
co-sponsors	O
willing	O
to	O
provide	O
funding	O
.	O


On	O
this	O
occasion	O
,	O
R.C.	B-PERSON
Shih	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
support	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
event	O
being	O
jointly	O
presented	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Hua	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Hsia	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
UAA	B-ORG
.	O


With	O
the	B-ORG
Hua	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Hsia	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
committed	O
support	O
there	O
were	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
snack	O
booths	O
present	O
,	O
giving	O
the	O
event	O
the	O
lively	O
feel	O
of	O
a	O
Chinese	B-NORP
temple	O
celebration	O
.	O


The	O
foreigners	O
[	O
non-ethnic	O
Chinese	B-NORP
]	O
present	O
were	O
amazed	O
in	O
particular	O
by	O
the	O
mass	O
dragon	O
dance	O
that	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Association	B-ORG
performed	O
.	O


A	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
was	O
newly	O
opened	O
up	O
to	O
immigration	O
and	O
there	O
were	O
n't	O
many	O
Chinese	B-NORP
around	O
,	O
hardly	O
anyone	O
had	O
heard	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Hua	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Hsia	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
inviting	O
government	O
officials	O
to	O
attend	O
such	O
events	O
was	O
always	O
fraught	O
with	O
difficulty	O
.	O


As	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
Asian	B-NORP
immigrants	O
arrived	O
,	O
members	O
of	O
Parliament	B-ORG
-	O
vying	O
for	O
votes	O
-	O
began	O
participating	O
enthusiastically	O
in	O
the	O
Association	B-ORG
's	O
events	O
.	O


The	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
Association	B-ORG
has	O
supported	O
charitable	O
causes	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
donating	O
time	O
and	O
money	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
especially	O
important	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
getting	O
taken	O
seriously	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
thanks	O
to	O
the	O
efforts	O
of	O
immigrants	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
that	O
successes	O
like	O
the	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
celebration	O
have	O
become	O
possible	O
.	O


For	O
our	O
family	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
our	B-DATE
tenth	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
since	O
arriving	O
as	O
immigrants	O
.	O


Our	O
daughter	O
had	O
just	O
turned	O
ten	B-DATE
and	O
our	O
son	O
was	O
starting	O
primary	O
school	O
when	O
we	O
came	O
here	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
tough	O
years	O
as	O
new	O
immigrants	O
we	O
overcame	O
numerous	O
difficulties	O
of	O
language	O
and	O
culture	O
,	O
working	O
to	O
establish	O
ourselves	O
in	O
this	O
foreign	O
land	O
.	O


We	O
wanted	O
our	O
children	O
to	O
quickly	O
adapt	O
to	O
the	O
Western	B-NORP
world	O
but	O
without	O
forgetting	O
their	O
Chinese	B-NORP
roots	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
endlessly	O
reminded	O
them	O
that	O
we	O
will	O
always	O
be	O
"	O
descendants	O
of	O
the	B-PERSON
Yellow	I-PERSON
Emperor	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
and	O
urged	O
them	O
to	O
merge	O
into	O
Western	B-NORP
society	O
with	O
the	O
characteristic	O
tenacity	O
and	O
humanity	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
UAA	B-ORG
was	O
first	B-ORDINAL
set	O
up	O
in	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
came	O
to	O
our	O
house	O
in	O
need	O
of	O
assistance	O
from	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
community	O
,	O
filled	O
with	O
enthusiasm	O
but	O
uncertain	O
about	O
how	O
to	O
make	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
.	O


Our	O
daughter	O
has	O
been	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
's	O
pal	O
ever	O
since	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
she	O
who	O
suggested	O
that	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
see	O
R.C.	B-PERSON
Shih	I-PERSON
about	O
a	O
co-sponsor	O
for	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
celebration	O
.	O


Several	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
event	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
asked	O
me	O
if	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
design	O
a	O
special	O
garland	O
to	O
welcome	O
the	O
prime	O
minister	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
Howick	B-GPE
resident	O
and	O
a	O
floral	O
designer	O
,	O
how	O
could	O
I	O
refuse	O
?	O


I	O
used	O
scarlet	O
silk	O
cord	O
and	O
miniature	O
embroidered	O
Chinese	B-NORP
slippers	O
-LRB-	O
as	O
used	O
in	O
Chinese	B-NORP
knotting	O
-RRB-	O
along	O
with	O
dried	O
flowers	O
,	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
red	O
and	O
gold	O
garland	O
.	O


As	O
I	O
put	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
premier	O
I	O
explained	O
that	O
these	O
were	O
lucky	O
colors	O
used	O
for	O
Chinese	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
.	O


She	O
was	O
delighted	O
with	O
this	O
beautiful	O
souvenir	O
,	O
rich	O
in	O
Chinese	B-NORP
culture	O
and	O
art	O
,	O
and	O
said	O
she	O
would	O
keep	O
it	O
forever	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
steady	O
introduction	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
culture	O
into	O
this	O
country	O
,	O
New	B-NORP
Zealanders	I-NORP
are	O
generally	O
more	O
aware	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
than	O
before	O
,	O
and	O
immigrants	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
been	O
working	O
hard	O
to	O
soften	O
the	O
anti-Asian	B-NORP
sentiments	O
of	O
the	O
locals	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
program	O
of	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
performances	O
wrapped	O
up	O
,	O
many	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
friends	O
came	O
forward	O
to	O
express	O
their	O
thanks	O
,	O
saying	O
that	O
they	O
now	O
felt	O
more	O
familiar	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
were	O
eagerly	O
looking	O
forward	O
to	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
"	O
Howick	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
Park	O
"	O
!	O


p.	O
43	B-CARDINAL


The	O
high	O
point	O
of	O
the	O
event	O
came	O
when	O
the	O
prime	O
minister	O
addressed	O
the	O
audience	O
,	O
standing	O
before	O
an	O
imperial	O
Chinese	B-NORP
robe	O
.	O


Grand	O
Justices	O
Rule	O
on	O
Constitutionality	O
of	O
Nuclear	O
Plant	O
Suspension	O


-LRB-	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Sue	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
feng	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
David	B-PERSON
Mayer	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Grand	I-ORG
Justices	I-ORG
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
delivered	O
a	O
constitutional	O
interpretation	O
on	O
the	O
Cabinet	B-ORG
's	O
decision	O
to	O
suspend	O
construction	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Fourth	I-FAC
Nuclear	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Plant	I-FAC
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
Grand	O
Justices	O
,	O
the	O
Cabinet	B-ORG
committed	O
"	O
procedural	O
errors	O
"	O
in	O
arriving	O
at	O
its	O
decision	O
.	O


The	O
ruling	O
did	O
not	O
specify	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
whether	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
nuclear	O
power	O
plant	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
resumed	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
decision	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
the	O
ruling	O
and	O
opposition	O
camps	O
came	O
out	O
with	O
conflicting	O
interpretations	O
.	O


The	O
legislature	O
's	O
opposition	O
coalition	O
agreed	O
to	O
hold	O
an	O
extraordinary	O
session	O
so	O
that	O
Premier	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
could	O
present	O
a	O
report	O
on	O
the	O
policy	O
decision	O
to	O
the	O
legislature	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
anyone	O
's	O
guess	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
as	O
to	O
when	O
the	O
controversy	O
will	O
finally	O
reach	O
a	O
conclusion	O
.	O


After	O
deliberating	O
for	O
weeks	B-DATE
on	O
the	O
constitutionality	O
of	O
the	O
Cabinet	B-ORG
's	O
decision	O
to	O
suspend	O
construction	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Fourth	I-FAC
Nuclear	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Plant	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
15	B-CARDINAL
members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Grand	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justices	I-ORG
delivered	O
a	O
constitutional	O
interpretation	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
announcing	O
the	O
ruling	O
,	O
Judicial	B-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
Secretary	O
-	O
General	O
Yang	B-PERSON
Jen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
shou	I-PERSON
explained	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
decision	O
to	O
suspend	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
nuclear	O
plant	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
change	O
in	O
government	O
policy	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
the	O
premier	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
deliver	O
a	O
report	O
to	O
the	O
legislature	O
in	O
such	O
cases	O
,	O
Premier	O
Chang	B-PERSON
's	O
failure	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
represents	O
a	O
procedural	O
flaw	O
.	O


The	O
ruling	O
requires	O
the	O
premier	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
legislature	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
and	O
give	O
the	O
report	O
that	O
he	O
should	O
have	O
delivered	O
there	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
,	O
for	O
its	O
part	O
,	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
receive	O
the	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
report	O
.	O


After	O
examining	O
the	O
report	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
must	O
vote	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
majority	O
opposes	O
the	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
decision	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
three	B-CARDINAL
ways	O
under	O
the	B-LAW
ROC	I-LAW
Constitution	I-LAW
to	O
resolve	O
the	O
standoff	O
:	O


-LRB-	O
1	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
the	O
premier	O
can	O
resign	O
;	O
-LRB-	O
2	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
the	O
legislature	O
can	O
put	O
forward	O
a	O
no	O
-	O
confidence	O
motion	O
against	O
the	O
premier	O
-LRB-	O
which	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
outcome	O
,	O
forces	O
either	O
the	O
premier	O
's	O
resignation	O
or	O
dissolution	O
of	O
the	O
legislature	O
-RRB-	O
;	O
or	O
-LRB-	O
3	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
the	O
legislature	O
can	O
pass	O
legislation	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
power	O
plant	O
's	O
construction	O
.	O


This	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
divisive	O
case	O
the	O
Council	B-ORG
has	O
ever	O
heard	O
.	O


Only	O
six	B-CARDINAL
justices	O
supported	O
the	O
ruling	O
.	O


Justice	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Tieh	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
cheng	I-PERSON
wrote	O
a	O
dissenting	O
opinion	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
noted	O
that	O
appropriations	O
are	O
listed	O
in	O
the	B-LAW
ROC	I-LAW
Constitution	I-LAW
together	O
with	O
legislative	O
bills	O
and	O
treaty	O
ratification	O
bills	O
,	O
and	O
argued	O
that	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
treated	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
.	O


Once	O
such	O
legislation	O
has	O
been	O
promulgated	O
into	O
law	O
by	O
the	O
president	O
,	O
wrote	O
Liu	B-PERSON
,	O
it	O
must	O
be	O
implemented	O
unless	O
it	O
is	O
vetoed	O
by	O
the	O
Cabinet	B-ORG
.	O


Justice	O
Vincent	B-PERSON
Sze	I-PERSON
authored	O
a	O
partial	O
dissenting	O
opinion	O
arguing	O
that	O
since	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
duty	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Grand	I-ORG
Justices	I-ORG
to	O
rule	O
on	O
constitutional	O
issues	O
,	O
the	O
Council	B-ORG
ought	O
to	O
state	O
clearly	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
the	O
constitution	O
had	O
been	O
violated	O
.	O


Justice	O
Tung	B-PERSON
Hsiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fei	I-PERSON
pointed	O
that	O
legislation	O
barring	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
nuclear	O
power	O
plant	O
had	O
already	O
been	O
passed	O
twice	O
before	O
by	O
the	O
legislature	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
successfully	O
vetoed	O
each	O
time	O
by	O
the	O
previous	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
administration	O
.	O


Noting	O
that	O
the	O
project	O
got	O
underway	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Tung	B-PERSON
argued	O
that	O
the	O
Cabinet	B-ORG
clearly	O
violated	O
the	O
constitution	O
when	O
it	O
unilaterally	O
suspended	O
the	O
project	O
on	O
the	O
grounds	O
that	O
a	O
new	O
party	O
had	O
come	O
to	O
power	O
and	O
its	O
party	O
platform	O
was	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
nuclear	O
plant	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
constitutional	O
ruling	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
it	O
met	O
with	O
many	O
different	O
interpretations	O
.	O


On	O
issues	O
of	O
primary	O
concern	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
-LRB-	O
such	O
as	O
whether	O
Premier	O
Chang	B-PERSON
would	O
have	O
to	O
resign	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
ruling	O
,	O
and	O
whether	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
nuclear	O
plant	O
will	O
resume	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
conflicting	O
commentary	O
.	O


Yu	B-PERSON
Shyi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kun	I-PERSON
,	O
Secretary	O
-	O
General	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Presidential	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
,	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
president	O
would	O
respect	O
the	O
ruling	O
of	O
the	O
Grand	O
Justices	O
,	O
but	O
said	O
the	O
language	O
of	O
the	O
ruling	O
does	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
require	O
a	O
Cabinet	B-ORG
reshuffle	O
.	O


The	O
various	O
opposition	O
caucuses	O
in	O
the	O
legislature	O
issued	O
a	O
joint	O
statement	O
arguing	O
that	O
in	O
describing	O
the	O
decision	O
to	O
suspend	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
plant	O
as	O
"	O
procedurally	O
flawed	O
,	O
"	O
the	O
Grand	O
Justices	O
had	O
in	O
effect	O
declared	O
the	O
Cabinet	B-ORG
's	O
unilateral	O
action	O
illegal	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Cabinet	B-ORG
's	O
action	O
has	O
naturally	O
lost	O
legal	O
validity	O
for	O
that	O
reason	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
a	O
constitutional	O
interpretation	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
resolve	O
a	O
political	O
dispute	O
.	O


What	O
exact	O
role	O
has	O
the	O
constitutional	O
interpretation	O
played	O
in	O
the	O
dispute	O
over	O
the	B-FAC
Fourth	I-FAC
Nuclear	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Plant	I-FAC
?	O


According	O
to	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchi	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
law	O
professor	O
and	O
constitutional	O
expert	O
Su	B-PERSON
Yeong	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chin	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
headed	O
the	O
legal	O
team	O
presenting	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
arguments	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Grand	I-ORG
Justices	I-ORG
in	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
crux	O
of	O
the	O
nuclear	O
plant	O
dispute	O
is	O
about	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
democratic	O
means	O
in	O
arriving	O
at	O
policy	O
decisions	O
,	O
and	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
an	O
argument	O
for	O
or	O
against	O
nuclear	O
power	O
.	O


The	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
judiciary	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
says	O
Su	B-PERSON
,	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
the	O
premier	O
has	O
the	O
authority	O
to	O
suspend	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
budget	O
appropriation	O
.	O


In	O
industrialized	O
nations	O
,	O
changes	O
in	O
policy	O
on	O
nuclear	O
power	O
are	O
a	O
common	O
occurrence	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
country	O
where	O
the	O
executive	O
branch	O
makes	O
unilateral	O
decisions	O
behind	O
closed	O
doors	O
.	O


Heading	O
the	O
legal	O
team	O
presenting	O
the	O
Cabinet	B-ORG
's	O
arguments	O
to	O
the	O
Grand	O
Justices	O
was	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
Tsung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
li	I-PERSON
.	O


Hsu	B-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
while	O
the	O
ruling	O
pointed	O
to	O
procedural	O
flaws	O
in	O
the	O
Cabinet	B-ORG
's	O
action	O
,	O
the	O
ruling	O
said	O
nothing	O
about	O
any	O
violation	O
of	O
the	O
constitution	O
or	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


The	O
Grand	O
Justices	O
,	O
argues	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
,	O
felt	O
that	O
the	O
dispute	O
could	O
be	O
resolved	O
by	O
having	O
the	O
premier	O
present	O
a	O
report	O
to	O
the	O
legislature	O
,	O
or	O
through	O
consultations	O
between	O
the	O
legislature	O
and	O
the	O
cabinet	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
said	O
Hsu	B-PERSON
,	O
since	O
the	O
government	O
has	O
not	O
necessarily	O
built	O
up	O
a	O
consensus	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
its	O
stance	O
against	O
nuclear	O
power	O
,	O
another	O
option	O
might	O
be	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
premier	O
resign	O
,	O
disband	O
the	O
legislature	O
,	O
and	O
elect	O
a	O
new	O
legislature	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
public	O
can	O
express	O
its	O
will	O
regarding	O
the	O
issue	O
.	O


If	O
other	O
constitutional	O
rulings	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
are	O
any	O
guide	O
,	O
it	O
appears	O
that	O
the	O
dispute	O
between	O
the	O
ruling	O
and	O
opposition	O
camps	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
resolved	O
in	O
the	O
political	O
arena	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
March	I-DATE
the	O
Grand	O
Justices	O
rendered	O
a	O
constitutional	O
interpretation	O
when	O
the	O
ruling	O
and	O
opposition	O
parties	O
were	O
wrangling	O
over	O
a	O
proposed	O
term	O
extension	O
for	O
all	O
members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
justices	O
ruled	O
that	O
the	O
decision	O
making	O
process	O
violated	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
rules	O
of	O
order	O
and	O
went	O
against	O
the	O
principle	O
that	O
all	O
decisions	O
must	O
be	O
open	O
and	O
transparent	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
term	O
extension	O
was	O
declared	O
invalid	O
,	O
retaliatory	O
constitutional	O
amendments	O
were	O
proposed	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
to	O
abolish	O
the	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Grand	I-ORG
Justices	I-ORG
and	O
strip	O
the	O
justices	O
of	O
their	O
lifetime	O
stipends	O
.	O


In	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Grand	O
Justices	O
ruled	O
on	O
the	O
constitutionality	O
of	O
the	O
plan	O
to	O
have	O
then	O
-	O
Vice	O
President	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
serve	O
concurrently	O
as	O
premier	O
.	O


The	O
justices	O
issued	O
an	O
ambiguous	O
ruling	O
stating	O
that	O
while	O
the	O
plan	O
was	O
not	O
unconstitutional	O
,	O
neither	O
was	O
it	O
was	O
appropriate	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
ruling	O
was	O
announced	O
,	O
the	O
ruling	O
and	O
opposition	O
camps	O
both	O
declared	O
victory	O
and	O
eventually	O
negotiated	O
an	O
agreement	O
on	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
whether	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
would	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
premier	O
.	O


The	O
ruling	O
and	O
opposition	O
camps	O
have	O
now	O
agreed	O
that	O
Premier	O
Chang	B-PERSON
should	O
present	O
a	O
report	O
to	O
the	O
legislature	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
whether	O
to	O
resume	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
power	O
plant	O
remains	O
a	O
focus	O
of	O
contention	O
.	O


p.	O
65	B-CARDINAL


Plans	O
for	O
the	B-FAC
Fourth	I-FAC
Nuclear	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Plant	I-FAC
have	O
triggered	O
an	O
intense	O
struggle	O
between	O
opponents	O
of	O
nuclear	O
power	O
and	O
those	O
more	O
concerned	O
about	O
industrial	O
development	O
.	O


A	O
constitutional	O
ruling	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Grand	I-ORG
Justices	I-ORG
appears	O
to	O
have	O
moved	O
the	O
debate	O
back	O
to	O
square	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
with	O
the	O
ruling	O
and	O
opposition	O
parties	O
slugging	O
it	O
out	O
once	O
again	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
Rushes	O
Aid	O
to	O
Quake	O
-	O
Stricken	O
El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE


-LRB-	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ting	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
David	B-PERSON
Mayer	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
,	O
an	O
ROC	B-GPE
diplomatic	O
ally	O
in	O
Central	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
,	O
was	O
hit	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
by	O
an	O
earthquake	O
measuring	O
between	O
7.4	B-CARDINAL
and	O
7.9	B-CARDINAL
on	O
the	O
Richter	B-PERSON
scale	O
.	O


The	O
earthquake	O
killed	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
and	O
left	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
homeless	O
.	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
reports	O
of	O
the	O
earthquake	O
came	O
in	O
,	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
government	O
donated	O
US$	B-MONEY
200,000	I-MONEY
to	O
support	O
disaster	O
relief	O
efforts	O
,	O
and	O
within	O
24	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
had	O
dispatched	O
a	O
team	O
to	O
help	O
rescue	O
victims	O
.	O


It	O
truly	O
does	O
seem	O
that	O
"	O
when	O
it	O
rains	O
,	O
it	O
pours	O
,	O
"	O
for	O
India	B-GPE
was	O
then	O
visited	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
26	I-DATE
by	O
its	O
biggest	O
earthquake	O
in	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
according	O
to	O
official	O
estimates	O
the	O
death	O
toll	O
may	O
rise	O
to	O
over	O
20,000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Although	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
does	O
not	O
have	O
official	O
ties	O
with	O
India	B-GPE
,	O
as	O
Sinorama	B-ORG
went	O
to	O
press	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
29	I-DATE
rescue	O
teams	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
were	O
standing	O
by	O
for	O
departure	O
,	O
awaiting	O
only	O
the	O
go	O
-	O
ahead	O
from	O
India	B-GPE
.	O


Just	O
short	B-TIME
of	I-TIME
noon	I-TIME
on	I-TIME
Saturday	I-TIME
,	I-TIME
January	I-TIME
13	I-TIME
,	O
most	O
everyone	O
in	O
El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
was	O
at	O
home	O
preparing	O
for	O
lunch	O
when	O
the	O
earth	O
below	O
their	O
feet	O
suddenly	O
began	O
to	O
shake	O
violently	O
.	O


Just	O
outside	O
the	O
capital	O
of	O
San	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
,	O
a	O
hillside	O
collapsed	O
in	O
the	O
community	O
of	O
Las	B-GPE
Colinas	I-GPE
,	O
burying	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
260	I-CARDINAL
homes	O
and	O
1,200	B-CARDINAL
residents	O
.	O


As	O
of	O
January	B-DATE
29	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
confirmed	O
toll	O
from	O
the	O
earthquake	O
stood	O
at	O
726	B-CARDINAL
dead	O
and	O
4,440	B-CARDINAL
injured	O
,	O
with	O
120,000	B-CARDINAL
homes	O
either	O
totally	O
or	O
partially	O
destroyed	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
980,000	I-CARDINAL
left	O
homeless	O
.	O


Over	O
600	B-CARDINAL
aftershocks	O
have	O
hit	O
El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
since	O
January	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
difficulty	O
of	O
emergency	O
rescue	O
efforts	O
has	O
been	O
greatly	O
exacerbated	O
by	O
collapsed	O
road	O
surfaces	O
and	O
interrupted	O
power	O
,	O
water	O
,	O
and	O
telephone	O
services	O
.	O


President	O
Carlos	B-PERSON
Flores	I-PERSON
declared	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
emergency	O
,	O
called	O
for	O
an	O
all	O
-	O
out	O
effort	O
to	O
save	O
lives	O
,	O
and	O
asked	O
for	O
international	O
relief	O
assistance	O
.	O


Hell	O
on	O
earth	O


Relief	O
teams	O
and	O
supplies	O
began	O
arriving	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
quake	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
teams	O
from	O
nearby	O
Mexico	B-GPE
,	O
Guatemala	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Venezuela	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
Spanish	B-NORP
team	O
also	O
arrived	O
very	O
quickly	O
,	O
followed	O
soon	O
thereafter	O
by	O
counterparts	O
from	O
Panama	B-GPE
,	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Turkey	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
City	I-ORG
Government	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
international	O
search	O
and	O
rescue	O
team	O
arrived	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
16	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
team	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
received	O
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	O
training	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
went	O
immediately	O
into	O
action	O
after	O
their	O
long	O
air	O
trip	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
search	O
and	O
rescue	O
command	O
center	O
in	O
El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
arranged	O
for	O
it	O
to	O
head	O
to	O
Las	B-GPE
Colinas	I-GPE
,	O
where	O
the	O
worst	O
of	O
the	O
disaster	O
had	O
taken	O
place	O
.	O


The	O
team	O
started	O
out	O
using	O
advanced	O
equipment	O
capable	O
of	O
detecting	O
signs	O
of	O
life	O
under	O
the	O
rubble	O
,	O
including	O
flexible	O
fiber	O
optic	O
video	O
cables	O
and	O
ultra-sensitive	O
audio	O
devices	O
.	O


When	O
these	O
methods	O
did	O
not	O
yield	O
survivors	O
,	O
the	O
team	O
began	O
digging	O
and	O
using	O
more	O
aggressive	O
search	O
techniques	O
.	O


These	O
methods	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
failed	O
to	O
turn	O
up	O
any	O
sign	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
point	O
relief	O
teams	O
went	O
into	O
Las	B-GPE
Colinas	I-GPE
with	O
bulldozers	O
and	O
mechanical	O
shovels	O
to	O
clear	O
out	O
the	O
rubble	O
and	O
retrieve	O
the	O
bodies	O
of	O
the	O
dead	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
condolence	O
message	O
to	O
El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
,	O
ROC	B-GPE
President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
stated	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
having	O
suffered	O
a	O
terrible	O
earthquake	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
1999	I-DATE
,	O
were	O
acutely	O
aware	O
of	O
what	O
people	O
in	O
El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
were	O
going	O
through	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
relief	O
assistance	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
government	O
,	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
aid	O
also	O
poured	O
forth	O
from	O
the	O
private	O
sector	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
ROC	I-ORG
Red	I-ORG
Cross	I-ORG
Society	I-ORG
donated	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
blankets	O
and	O
400	B-CARDINAL
tents	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Children	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
is	O
planning	O
to	O
send	O
US$	B-MONEY
300,000	I-MONEY
in	O
private	O
donations	O
via	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
to	O
provide	O
support	O
for	O
2,000	B-CARDINAL
children	O
.	O


The	O
governments	O
of	O
Taichung	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
and	O
Nantou	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
were	O
hardest	O
hit	O
by	O
the	O
1999	B-DATE
earthquake	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
also	O
made	O
big	O
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
relief	O
effort	O
.	O


Teams	O
from	O
these	O
areas	O
arrived	O
in	O
El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
armed	O
with	O
experience	O
,	O
an	O
advanced	O
global	O
positioning	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
tunneling	O
equipment	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
donated	O
tents	O
and	O
other	O
necessities	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
dark	O
days	O
following	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
September	B-EVENT
1999	I-EVENT
earthquake	I-EVENT
,	B-ORG
the	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Federation	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Red	I-ORG
Cross	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Red	I-ORG
Crescent	I-ORG
Societies	I-ORG
donated	O
US$	B-MONEY
27,890,000	I-MONEY
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
these	O
funds	O
proved	O
a	O
tremendous	O
help	O
in	O
our	O
reconstruction	O
effort	O
.	O


International	O
relief	O
teams	O
worked	O
around	O
the	O
clock	O
to	O
find	O
survivors	O
,	O
and	O
thousands	O
made	O
homeless	O
by	O
the	O
quake	O
sheltered	O
from	O
the	O
cold	O
in	O
donated	O
tents	O
and	O
sleeping	O
bags	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
dead	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
were	O
transported	O
to	O
their	O
final	O
resting	O
places	O
in	O
donated	O
body	O
bags	O
and	O
coffins	O
.	O


Now	O
that	O
a	O
similar	O
disaster	O
has	O
been	O
visited	O
upon	O
one	O
of	O
our	O
diplomatic	O
partners	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
ROC	B-GPE
to	O
repay	O
its	O
debt	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
.	O


The	O
power	O
of	O
nature	O


Major	O
earthquakes	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
have	O
claimed	O
nearly	O
20,000	B-CARDINAL
lives	O
in	O
Turkey	B-GPE
and	O
over	O
2,500	B-CARDINAL
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
death	O
toll	O
in	O
El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
is	O
expected	O
to	O
climb	O
to	O
over	O
1,300	B-CARDINAL
.	O


In	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
the	O
Richter	B-QUANTITY
7.9	I-QUANTITY
earthquake	O
in	O
India	B-GPE
's	O
western	O
state	O
of	O
Gujarat	B-GPE
has	O
completely	O
leveled	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Bhuj	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
official	O
sources	O
expect	O
the	O
death	O
toll	O
to	O
exceed	O
20,000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


While	O
relief	O
teams	O
have	O
been	O
dispatched	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
India	O
indicated	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
need	O
assistance	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
for	O
the	O
time	O
being	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
nothing	O
anyone	O
can	O
do	O
to	O
prevent	O
earthquakes	O
from	O
occurring	O
,	O
but	O
specialists	O
have	O
noted	O
that	O
the	O
consequences	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
quakes	O
were	O
made	O
worse	O
by	O
man	O
-	O
made	O
factors	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
overpopulation	O
,	O
environmental	O
degradation	O
,	O
and	O
shoddy	O
construction	O
.	O


El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
is	O
the	O
most	O
densely	O
populated	O
nation	O
in	O
Central	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
,	O
with	O
some	B-CARDINAL
6	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
living	O
in	O
a	O
territory	O
covering	O
over	O
20,000	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
-LRB-	O
about	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
the	O
size	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
economy	O
has	O
been	O
developing	O
briskly	O
ever	O
since	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
long	O
civil	O
war	O
came	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
in	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
plays	O
an	O
important	O
political	O
role	O
both	O
internationally	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
Central	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
region	O
.	O


In	O
these	O
respects	O
,	O
El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
situation	O
is	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Overdevelopment	O
of	O
the	O
hillside	O
at	O
Las	B-GPE
Colinas	I-GPE
may	O
have	O
been	O
one	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
landslide	O
that	O
buried	O
the	O
residential	O
neighborhood	O
down	O
below	O
.	O


After	O
one	O
has	O
seen	O
so	O
many	O
dead	O
bodies	O
and	O
heard	O
the	O
anguished	O
wailing	O
of	O
bereaved	O
relatives	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
hard	O
to	O
ignore	O
the	O
wisdom	O
of	O
calls	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
harmony	O
with	O
nature	O
.	O


It	O
takes	O
a	O
very	O
long	O
time	O
to	O
recover	O
from	O
an	O
earthquake	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
search	O
and	O
rescue	O
operations	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
,	O
reconstruction	O
begins	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
massive	O
undertaking	O
that	O
never	O
proceeds	O
quickly	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
message	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
,	O
President	O
Flores	B-PERSON
stated	O
,	O
"	O
I	O
hope	O
that	O
relief	O
assistance	O
has	O
not	O
come	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
.	O


It	O
should	O
continue	O
as	O
we	O
work	O
on	O
reconstruction	O
.	O
"	O


If	O
anyone	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
wishes	O
to	O
contribute	O
to	O
reconstruction	O
in	O
El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
,	O
they	O
are	O
urged	O
to	O
contact	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
'	O
task	O
force	O
on	O
reconstruction	O
-LRB-	O
tel	O
:	O
02	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
2348	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
2192	I-CARDINAL
or	O
02	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
2348	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
2195	I-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


p.	O
67	B-CARDINAL


El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
was	O
hit	O
by	O
a	O
strong	O
earthquake	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
deaths	O
-LRB-	O
549	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
were	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
landslide	O
in	O
Las	B-GPE
Colinas	I-GPE
,	O
on	O
the	O
outskirts	O
of	O
San	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
John	B-PERSON
Moore	I-PERSON
,	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Associated	B-ORG
Press	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


A	O
Master	O
of	O
Ink	O
and	O
Stone	O


Calligrapher	O
and	O
Seal	O
-	O
Carver	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chiang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON


-LRB-	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ting	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Christopher	B-PERSON
MacDonald	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
calligrapher	O
and	O
seal	O
-	O
carver	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chuang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
spent	O
a	O
lifetime	O
working	O
assiduously	O
at	O
his	O
craft	O
,	O
producing	O
a	O
body	O
of	O
work	O
in	O
which	O
every	O
single	O
stroke	O
and	O
cut	O
looks	O
perfect	O
.	O


Wang	B-PERSON
passed	O
away	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
this	O
January	B-DATE
a	O
collection	O
of	O
50	B-CARDINAL
works	O
,	O
spanning	O
every	O
period	O
of	O
Wang	B-PERSON
's	O
life	O
,	O
went	O
on	O
display	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Palace	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
the	O
museum	O
,	O
primarily	O
known	O
for	O
its	O
collection	O
of	O
treasures	O
from	O
the	O
palaces	O
of	O
Ming	B-PERSON
and	O
Qing	B-DATE
dynasty	I-DATE
China	B-GPE
,	O
has	O
broadened	O
its	O
remit	O
and	O
begun	O
acquiring	O
newly	O
excavated	O
artifacts	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
20th	B-DATE
century	I-DATE
calligraphy	O
and	O
painting	O
-	O
including	O
works	O
by	O
such	O
luminaries	O
as	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Ta	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
,	O
Qi	B-PERSON
Baishi	I-PERSON
,	O
Yu	B-PERSON
Yo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
jen	I-PERSON
and	O
Tai	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
nung	I-PERSON
.	O


To	O
those	O
who	O
knew	O
him	O
,	O
the	O
late	O
calligrapher	O
and	O
seal	O
-	O
carver	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Chuang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
was	O
simply	O
"	O
Old	O
Chuang	B-PERSON
.	O
"	O


He	O
liked	O
a	O
drink	O
,	O
as	O
his	O
friends	O
will	O
testify	O
,	O
and	O
stories	O
of	O
his	O
drinking	O
exploits	O
are	O
still	O
told	O
with	O
relish	O
.	O


Visitors	O
to	O
Wang	B-PERSON
's	O
home	O
were	O
generally	O
greeted	O
with	O
something	O
stronger	O
than	O
a	O
cup	O
of	O
tea	O
,	O
and	O
Wang	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
claimed	O
that	O
alcohol	O
stimulated	O
the	O
creative	O
juices	O
-LRB-	O
giving	O
the	O
artist	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
clarity	O
and	O
purpose	O
-RRB-	O
once	O
penned	O
the	O
following	O
couplet	O
:	O
Knocking	O
back	O
drink	O
makes	O
the	O
poetry	O
flow	O
/	O
A	O
glass	O
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
helps	O
you	O
find	O
the	O
right	O
phrase	O
.	O


Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
studied	O
under	O
Wang	B-PERSON
and	O
is	O
a	O
master	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
right	O
,	O
recalls	O
how	O
Wang	B-PERSON
liked	O
to	O
open	O
a	O
bottle	O
at	O
lunchtime	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
fact	O
produced	O
much	O
of	O
his	O
best	O
work	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
half	B-CARDINAL
-	O
cut	O
.	O


Last	O
of	O
the	O
scholar	O
-	O
artists	O


Wang	B-PERSON
's	O
son	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Ta	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
heads	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
art	O
department	O
at	O
Chinese	B-ORG
Culture	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
graduate	O
school	O
of	O
history	O
,	O
remembers	O
that	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
small	O
he	O
really	O
dreaded	O
his	O
dad	O
reciting	O
poetry	O
.	O


Oftentimes	O
the	O
elder	O
Wang	B-PERSON
ended	O
up	O
blubbering	O
,	O
before	O
wiping	O
away	O
his	O
tears	O
and	O
declaring	O
:	O
"	O
Great	O
poem	O
!	O
"	O


But	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Ta	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
credits	O
his	O
father	O
for	O
instilling	O
in	O
him	O
a	O
love	O
of	O
literature	O
,	O
and	O
encouraging	O
him	O
to	O
become	O
proficient	O
in	O
traditional	O
Chinese	B-NORP
disciplines	O
such	O
as	O
painting	O
,	O
chess	O
,	O
woodwind	O
music	O
and	O
martial	O
arts	O
.	O


Says	O
the	O
younger	O
Wang	B-PERSON
:	O
"	O
For	O
me	O
,	O
my	O
father	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
generation	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
scholar	O
-	O
artists	O
!	O
"	O


Wang	B-PERSON
Chuang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
was	O
born	O
in	O
Hebei	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
in	O
1909	B-DATE
,	O
into	O
an	O
educated	O
family	O
-	O
his	O
father	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Yi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
pin	I-PERSON
was	O
the	O
last	O
xiucai	O
scholar	O
-	O
official	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
Qing	I-DATE
dynasty	I-DATE
-LRB-	O
1644	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
1911	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
son	O
had	O
no	O
wish	O
to	O
become	O
an	O
official	O
,	O
and	O
instead	O
opted	O
to	O
spend	O
his	O
days	O
at	O
home	O
,	O
freely	O
soaking	O
up	O
the	O
atmosphere	O
of	O
art	O
and	O
culture	O
.	O


He	O
began	O
tracing	O
characters	O
at	O
age	O
six	B-DATE
,	O
under	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
direction	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
12	B-DATE
he	O
started	O
learning	O
how	O
to	O
carve	O
seals	O
.	O


His	O
grandfather	O
worked	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
every	O
year	O
brought	O
back	O
valuable	O
calligraphic	O
artifacts	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
purchased	O
there	O
.	O


Young	O
Wang	B-PERSON
thus	O
became	O
familiar	O
,	O
from	O
an	O
early	O
age	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
works	O
and	O
implements	O
of	O
prominent	O
calligraphers	O
from	O
throughout	O
the	O
land	O
.	O


At	O
an	O
age	O
when	O
other	O
children	O
were	O
still	O
busy	O
at	O
their	O
games	O
,	O
Wang	B-PERSON
used	O
to	O
bury	O
himself	O
among	O
books	O
,	O
for	O
hours	O
on	O
end	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
library	O
.	O


Like	O
all	O
Chinese	B-NORP
children	O
,	O
Wang	B-PERSON
began	O
by	O
imitating	O
the	O
firm	O
and	O
well	O
-	O
formed	O
calligraphy	O
of	O
Yan	B-PERSON
Zhenqing	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
learn	O
the	O
styles	O
of	O
many	O
other	O
masters	O
of	O
the	O
art	O
,	O
progressing	O
in	O
his	O
teens	O
to	O
the	O
running	O
script	O
and	O
grass	O
script	O
of	O
the	O
ancient	O
master	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Xizhi	I-PERSON
,	O
which	O
became	O
central	O
to	O
his	O
own	O
calligraphic	O
style	O
.	O


Love	O
and	O
war	O


At	O
age	O
20	B-CARDINAL
Wang	B-PERSON
went	O
to	O
Beiping	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
as	O
Beijing	B-GPE
was	O
then	O
called	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
study	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Jinghua	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Art	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
like	O
many	O
other	O
young	O
Chinese	B-NORP
at	O
that	O
time	O
-	O
when	O
the	O
cultures	O
of	O
East	B-LOC
and	O
West	B-LOC
were	O
first	B-ORDINAL
coming	O
into	O
close	O
contact	O
-	O
he	O
immersed	O
himself	O
in	O
Western	B-NORP
culture	O
,	O
learning	O
all	O
he	O
could	O
about	O
Western	B-NORP
painting	O
,	O
sculpture	O
,	O
film	O
and	O
literature	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
perhaps	O
due	O
to	O
his	O
familiarity	O
with	O
what	O
was	O
best	O
in	O
Chinese	B-NORP
art	O
,	O
Wang	B-PERSON
did	O
n't	O
take	O
this	O
interest	O
in	O
Western	B-NORP
art	O
any	O
further	O
.	O


Instead	O
he	O
opted	O
for	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
the	O
true	O
Chinese	B-NORP
man	O
of	O
letters	O
.	O


In	O
1937	B-DATE
,	O
following	O
the	B-EVENT
Marco	I-EVENT
Polo	I-EVENT
Bridge	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
occupied	O
Beiping	B-GPE
and	O
launched	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
scale	O
invasion	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Newly	O
betrothed	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
sterling	O
qualities	O
of	O
a	O
typical	O
northern	O
lad	O
,	O
Wang	B-PERSON
enlisted	O
in	O
the	O
army	O
.	O


For	O
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
he	O
marched	O
with	O
an	O
expeditionary	O
force	O
to	O
the	O
malaria	O
-	O
infested	O
jungles	O
of	O
Burma	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
then	O
on	O
to	O
India	B-GPE
,	O
before	O
making	O
a	O
safe	O
return	O
.	O


His	O
young	O
bride	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sui	I-PERSON
,	O
daughter	O
of	O
General	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Jun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
of	O
a	O
similarly	O
resolute	O
character	O
.	O


Unable	O
to	O
get	O
news	O
of	O
Wang	B-PERSON
's	O
whereabouts	O
she	O
took	O
herself	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
another	O
young	O
woman	O
-LRB-	O
who	O
brought	O
her	O
baby	O
son	O
and	O
was	O
also	O
seeking	O
her	O
husband	O
-RRB-	O
from	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
to	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
southwest	O
.	O


Now	O
87	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
age	O
,	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sui	I-PERSON
says	O
:	O
"	O
Many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	O
I	O
saw	O
what	O
he	O
had	O
written	O
in	O
his	O
diary	O
back	O
then	O
.	O


Though	O
he	O
had	O
no	O
news	O
of	O
me	O
whatsoever	O
,	O
he	O
guessed	O
correctly	O
that	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
wait	O
in	O
the	O
rear	O
area	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
military	O
families	O
,	O
and	O
would	O
n't	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
my	O
parents	O
'	O
home	O
either	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
still	O
moved	O
when	O
I	O
think	O
how	O
well	O
he	O
knew	O
me	O
.	O
"	O


For	O
Chang	B-PERSON
,	O
Wang	B-PERSON
was	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
man	O
who	O
considered	O
things	O
in	O
depth	O
but	O
did	O
n't	O
express	O
his	O
thoughts	O
openly	O
.	O


"	O
Grown	O
man	O
"	O


After	O
moving	O
to	O
the	O
unoccupied	O
zone	O
,	O
Wang	B-PERSON
began	O
carving	O
seals	O
in	O
his	O
spare	O
time	O
to	O
support	O
himself	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
that	O
Wang	B-PERSON
adopted	O
the	O
moniker	O
"	O
Chuang	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
making	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
grown	O
man	O
"	O
-	O
an	O
ironic	O
nod	O
to	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
dynasty	O
writer	O
Yang	B-PERSON
Xiong	I-PERSON
who	O
once	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
Carving	O
seals	O
is	O
boy	O
's	O
work	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
for	O
grown	O
men	O
.	O
"	O


Wang	B-PERSON
Chuang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wei	I-PERSON
is	O
how	O
he	O
has	O
been	O
known	O
ever	O
since	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
this	O
day	O
,	O
few	O
know	O
that	O
his	O
original	O
name	O
was	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Yuan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
feng	I-PERSON
.	O


According	O
to	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Ping	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
nan	I-PERSON
,	O
one	O
of	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
main	O
disciples	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Wang	B-PERSON
School	O
"	O
of	O
seal	O
carving	O
,	O
the	O
art	O
combines	O
the	O
skills	O
of	O
calligraphy	O
,	O
composition	O
and	O
carving	O
,	O
requiring	O
not	O
only	O
a	O
deep	O
familiarity	O
with	O
ancient	O
forms	O
of	O
script	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
stretch	O
and	O
compress	O
characters	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
fit	O
them	O
,	O
neatly	O
and	O
cleverly	O
,	O
onto	O
the	O
compact	O
head	O
of	O
a	O
seal	O
stone	O
.	O


As	O
an	O
authority	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
written	O
characters	O
,	O
Wang	B-PERSON
was	O
highly	O
knowledgeable	O
about	O
different	O
styles	O
of	O
seal	O
script	O
.	O


The	O
500	B-CARDINAL
or	O
so	O
seals	O
of	O
his	O
displayed	O
in	O
the	O
collection	O
Yuzhao	B-WORK_OF_ART
Shanfang	I-WORK_OF_ART
Yinxuan	I-WORK_OF_ART
show	O
how	O
complete	O
his	O
mastery	O
of	O
the	O
form	O
was	O
,	O
from	O
ancient	O
guxi	O
seals	O
of	O
state	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
qinyin	O
and	O
hanyin	O
seals	O
of	O
the	O
Qin	B-PERSON
and	O
Han	B-PERSON
dynasties	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
styles	O
of	O
the	O
oracle	O
-	O
bone	O
-	O
script	O
and	O
wanzhe	O
schools	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
horizontal	O
and	O
vertical	O
strokes	O
of	O
hanyin	O
script	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
snaky	O
lines	O
of	O
small	O
seal	O
script	O
,	O
Wang	B-PERSON
performed	O
all	O
with	O
equal	O
facility	O
.	O


Hsueh	B-PERSON
Ping	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
nan	I-PERSON
recalls	O
how	O
he	O
once	O
watched	O
Wang	B-PERSON
carving	O
seals	O
in	O
his	O
study	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
giving	O
careful	O
thought	O
to	O
the	O
layout	O
and	O
making	O
draft	O
after	O
draft	O
on	O
paper	O
.	O


Having	O
settled	O
on	O
a	O
layout	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
then	O
carve	O
the	O
seal	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
go	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
knife	O
with	O
fluid	O
ease	O
.	O


Thus	O
it	O
was	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
fill	O
the	O
confined	O
space	O
on	O
a	O
seal	O
with	O
expansive	O
,	O
forceful	O
-	O
looking	O
characters	O
.	O


What	O
people	O
admired	O
most	O
about	O
Wang	B-PERSON
was	O
his	O
ability	O
to	O
wield	O
the	O
knife	O
like	O
a	O
writing	O
brush	O
,	O
carving	O
lines	O
that	O
seemed	O
free	O
and	O
flowing	O
.	O


Every	O
stroke	O
was	O
made	O
with	O
one	B-CARDINAL
cut	O
of	O
the	O
blade	O
-	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
most	O
seal	O
carvers	O
who	O
need	O
two	B-CARDINAL
cuts	O
to	O
achieve	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
a	O
brush	O
stroke	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
especially	O
so	O
of	O
his	O
signature	O
mark	O
on	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
seal	O
.	O


Careful	O
examination	O
of	O
Wang	B-PERSON
's	O
seals	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
running	O
script	O
of	O
the	O
signature	O
mark	O
is	O
carved	O
with	O
every	O
bit	O
as	O
much	O
grace	O
and	O
fluidity	O
as	O
if	O
done	O
by	O
brush	O
and	O
ink	O
,	O
but	O
augmented	O
by	O
the	O
hardness	O
that	O
is	O
intrinsic	O
to	O
stone	O
inscriptions	O
.	O


For	O
individuality	O
of	O
seal	O
-	O
carving	O
style	O
,	O
Wang	B-PERSON
ranks	O
only	O
behind	O
the	O
likes	O
of	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
shuo	I-PERSON
and	O
Qi	B-PERSON
Baishi	I-PERSON


The	O
Western	B-NORP
artistic	O
concepts	O
that	O
Wang	B-PERSON
absorbed	O
in	O
his	O
youth	O
opened	O
his	O
mind	O
to	O
creative	O
possibilities	O
within	O
the	O
tradition	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
he	O
introduced	O
unconventional	O
themes	O
for	O
the	O
knobs	O
that	O
he	O
carved	O
for	O
his	O
seals	O
.	O


Chang	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sui	I-PERSON
picks	O
up	O
one	B-CARDINAL
tiny	O
seal	O
,	O
half	B-CARDINAL
the	O
length	O
of	O
a	O
little	O
finger	O
,	O
on	O
which	O
the	O
knob	O
is	O
a	O
vividly	O
carved	O
image	O
of	O
a	O
dragon	O
coiled	O
around	O
two	O
seashells	O
.	O


Says	O
Chang	B-PERSON
:	O
"	O
This	O
is	O
one	O
he	O
made	O
in	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
.	O


When	O
I	O
first	B-ORDINAL
saw	O
it	O
I	O
wondered	O
how	O
anyone	O
could	O
carve	O
something	O
like	O
that	O
.	O
"	O


Chang	B-PERSON
is	O
herself	O
an	O
accomplished	O
carver	O
of	O
seal	O
knobs	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
knows	O
the	O
details	O
and	O
dates	O
of	O
all	O
Wang	B-PERSON
's	O
seals	O
and	O
calligraphies	O
.	O


Meeting	O
her	O
one	O
ca	O
n't	O
help	O
but	O
feel	O
that	O
as	O
his	O
partner	O
and	O
soulmate	O
,	O
Chang	B-PERSON
must	O
have	O
had	O
a	O
lot	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
Wang	B-PERSON
's	O
success	O
as	O
an	O
artist	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
long	O
and	O
happy	O
life	O
that	O
he	O
enjoyed	O
.	O


Something	O
new	O
,	O
something	B-LOC
old	I-LOC


Wang	O
passed	B-FAC
away	I-FAC
in	O
his	O
sleep	O
at	O
the	O
ripe	O
old	O
age	O
of	O
90	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
said	O
in	O
art	O
circles	B-ORDINAL
that	O
he	O
died	B-CARDINAL
with	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
smile	I-CARDINAL
on	I-CARDINAL
his	O
face	O
.	O


His	O
accomplishments	O
as	O
a	O
calligrapher	O
can	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
several	O
different	O
phases	O
of	O
his	O
life	O
.	O


In	O
Chongqing	O
he	O
came	O
to	O
know	O
the	O
well	B-ORDINAL
-	I-ORDINAL
known	I-ORDINAL
calligrapher	O
Shen	O
Yinmo	O
,	B-CARDINAL
and	O
it	O
was	O
under	O
Shen	O
's	O
direction	O
that	O
he	O
began	O
to	O
expand	O
his	O
repertoire	O
beyond	O
the	O
styles	O
of	O
the	O
3rd	O
to	O
9th	O
centuries	O
,	O
drawing	O
on	O
the	O
natural	O
elegance	O
of	O
noted	O
calligraphers	O
such	O
as	O
Zhao	O
Mengfu	O
-LRB-	O
1254	O
-	O
1322	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
Wen	O
Zhengming	O
-LRB-	O
1470	O
-	O
1559	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
neat	O
,	O
full	O
style	O
,	O
with	O
every	O
character	O
a	O
beauty	O
.	O


Ho	O
Chuan	O
-	O
hsing	O
,	O
deputy	O
researcher	O
at	O
the	O
calligraphy	O
and	B-ORG
painting	I-ORG
department	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
National	O
Palace	O
Museum	O
,	O
explains	O
that	B-NORP
the	O
art	O
of	O
Chinese	B-PERSON
calligraphy	O
can	O
broadly	O
be	O
divided	B-PERSON
into	I-PERSON
two	O
main	O
branches	O
:	O
the	O
nantie	O
,	O
or	O
Southern	O
style	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
beauty	O
of	O
form	O
is	O
emphasized	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
more	O
rugged	O
beibei	O
or	O
Northern	O
style	O
.	O


Wang	O
Chuang	O
-	O
wei	O
established	O
his	O
style	O
relatively	O
early	O
,	O
and	O
up	O
until	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
his	O
forties	O
his	O
works	O
were	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
smooth	O
,	O
fluid	O
forms	O
of	O
the	O
nantie	O
style	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
Wang	O
himself	O
was	O
alert	O
to	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
his	O
calligraphy	O
becoming	O
over-refined	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
began	O
incorporating	O
the	O
robustness	O
of	O
the	O
beibei	O
style	O
into	B-PERSON
his	O
brushwork	O
,	O
aiming	B-CARDINAL
for	B-NORP
a	O
style	O
that	O
was	B-GPE
more	O
"	O
raw	O
and	O
intense	O
.	O
"	O


As	B-ORDINAL
a	O
result	O
,	O
his	O
calligraphy	O
came	O
to	O
combine	O
fluid	B-WORK_OF_ART
grace	I-WORK_OF_ART
with	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
core	O
of	O
doughty	O
toughness	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
style	O
well	O
suited	O
to	O
the	O
kind	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
man	I-ORG
he	O
was	O
:	O
a	O
bluff	O
northerner	O
with	O
the	O
perfectionist	O
's	O
approach	O
to	O
art	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
his	O
fifties	O
Wang	O
came	O
to	O
regard	O
"	O
writing	O
characters	O
"	O
as	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
painting	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
began	O
to	O
innovate	O
and	B-GPE
experiment	O
with	O
the	O
art	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
he	O
created	O
"	O
multiple	O
-	O
shadow	O
"	O
calligraphy	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
characters	O
were	O
painted	O
in	O
five	O
overlapping	O
layers	O
using	O
different	O
consistencies	O
of	O
ink	O
.	O


He	O
tried	O
using	B-GPE
deliberately	O
crumpled	O
paper	O
to	O
produce	B-DATE
a	O
mottled	O
effect	O
with	O
the	O
ink	O
,	O
and	O
worked	O
on	O
a	O
blurring	O
effect	O
,	O
achieved	O
by	O
briefly	O
dousing	O
a	O
freshly	O
painted	B-NORP
silk	O
scroll	O
in	O
water	O
.	O


Despite	O
the	O
interest	B-ORG
generated	B-ORG
among	B-ORG
calligraphers	I-ORG
by	O
these	B-ORG
innovations	I-ORG
,	O
Wang	O
was	O
more	O
suited	O
by	O
temperament	O
to	O
the	O
established	O
forms	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
eventually	O
turned	O
back	O
to	O
ancients	O
for	O
inspiration	O
.	O


He	O
studied	O
in	O
detail	O
the	O
characters	O
on	O
the	O
manuscripts	O
and	O
artifacts	O
,	O
dating	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
first	O
millennium	O
BC	O
,	O
that	O
were	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
being	O
unearthed	O
at	O
Mawangdui	O
and	O
other	O
sites	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
began	O
absorbing	O
their	O
distinctive	O
forms	O
into	O
his	O
own	O
calligraphic	O
style	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
made	O
poems	O
and	O
paired	O
-	O
couplets	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
ancient	O
inscriptions	O
,	O
pioneering	O
a	O
personal	O
"	O
something	O
new	O
from	O
something	O
old	O
"	O
approach	O
.	O


"	O
During	O
this	O
period	O
his	O
running	O
script	O
was	O
no	O
longer	O
as	O
lean	O
as	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Ho	O
Chuan	O
-	O
hsing	O
.	O


"	O
It	O
began	O
slanting	O
rightwards	O
and	O
spreading	O
out	O
a	O
little	O
.	O


Overall	O
,	O
his	O
characters	O
became	O
more	O
free	O
and	O
unconstrained	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
with	O
swooping	O
spaces	O
where	O
the	O
brush	O
was	O
running	O
dry	O
of	O
ink	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
well	O
and	O
truly	O
shaken	B-NORP
off	O
the	B-NORP
earlier	O
fixation	O
with	B-DATE
exquisite	I-DATE
perfection	O
.	O
"	O


Lin	O
Po	O
-	O
ting	O
,	O
deputy	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
National	O
Palace	O
Museum	O
,	O
who	O
once	O
studied	O
under	O
Wang	O
at	O
National	O
Taiwan	O
Normal	O
University	O
,	O
says	O
:	O
"	O
Wang	O
Chuang	O
-	O
wei	O
drew	O
on	O
traditional	O
styles	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
a	O
cliched	O
way	O
.	O


In	O
studying	B-PERSON
the	O
calligraphy	O
of	O
ancient	O
times	O
he	O
broke	O
through	O
limitations	O
,	O
one	O
after	B-ORG
another	I-ORG
,	O
so	O
endowing	O
his	B-ORG
calligraphy	I-ORG
with	I-ORG
a	O
simple	O
,	O
raw	O
life	O
-	O
force	O
.	O
"	O


It	B-ORG
was	I-ORG
during	I-ORG
this	O
period	O
that	O
Wang	O
's	O
calligraphic	B-ORG
work	O
reached	O
its	O
pinnacle	O
.	O


Lifelong	O
learner	O


Throughout	O
his	O
creative	O
life	O
Wang	B-PERSON
loved	O
to	O
drink	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
also	O
loved	O
books	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
always	O
reading	O
,	O
he	O
liked	O
buying	O
and	O
talking	O
about	O
books	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
happy	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
acquaintance	O
of	O
other	O
readers	O
.	O


When	O
students	O
or	O
friends	O
of	O
his	O
traveled	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
he	O
used	O
to	O
ask	O
them	O
to	O
bring	O
back	O
works	O
on	O
Japanese	B-NORP
calligraphy	O
,	O
or	O
books	O
and	O
magazines	O
from	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
love	O
of	O
reading	O
did	O
n't	O
wane	O
at	O
all	O
in	O
his	B-DATE
later	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
when	O
he	O
found	O
his	O
memory	O
failing	O
he	O
carved	O
himself	O
a	O
seal	O
with	O
the	O
exhortatory	O
motto	O
:	O
"	O
The	O
more	O
you	O
forget	O
the	O
more	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
read	O
.	O
"	O


Wang	B-PERSON
,	O
with	O
his	O
vast	O
erudition	O
and	O
deep	O
knowledge	O
of	O
painting	O
,	O
calligraphy	O
,	O
and	O
inscriptions	O
,	O
was	O
often	O
sought	O
out	O
for	O
his	O
views	O
by	O
others	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
art	O
and	O
culture	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
collectors	O
often	O
turned	O
to	O
Wang	B-PERSON
for	O
an	O
explanation	O
of	O
the	O
deliberately	O
obscure	O
dedications	O
that	O
the	O
great	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Ta	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chien	I-PERSON
like	O
to	O
write	O
on	O
his	O
paintings	O
.	O


Sometimes	O
he	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
dig	O
at	O
his	O
students	O
,	O
urging	O
them	O
to	O
work	O
harder	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


Huang	B-PERSON
Tien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tsai	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
owns	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
seals	O
made	O
by	O
literati	O
down	O
the	O
ages	O
,	O
recalls	O
how	O
he	O
once	O
asked	O
Wang	B-PERSON
to	O
re-inscribe	O
an	O
old	O
seal	O
Huang	B-PERSON
had	O
picked	O
up	O
on	O
an	O
antiques	O
stall	O
.	O


Wang	B-PERSON
first	B-ORDINAL
asked	O
:	O
"	O
Are	O
you	O
sure	O
you	O
want	O
the	O
original	O
inscription	O
ground	O
off	O
?	O
"	O


Without	O
thinking	O
twice	O
about	O
it	O
,	O
Huang	B-PERSON
said	O
yes	O
.	O


Only	O
when	O
Huang	B-PERSON
came	O
to	O
collect	O
it	O
did	O
Wang	B-PERSON
tell	O
him	O
that	O
the	O
re-inscribed	O
seal	O
,	O
which	O
originally	O
read	O
:	O
"	O
Roaming	O
in	O
nature	O
makes	O
the	O
man	O
,	O
"	O
formerly	O
belonged	O
to	O
the	O
late	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
Qing	I-DATE
reformer	O
Kang	B-PERSON
Youwei	I-PERSON
.	O


Huang	B-PERSON
was	O
left	O
fuming	O
.	O


Forgetting	O
the	O
self	O


When	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
his	B-DATE
sixties	I-DATE
Wang	B-PERSON
began	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
style	O
names	O
Jianzhai	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
"	O
steadily	O
more	O
abstinent	O
"	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
Jiansou	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
"	O
steadily	O
older	O
"	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
carved	O
a	O
seal	O
for	O
himself	O
with	O
the	O
inscription	O
:	O
"	O
Steadily	O
older	O
and	O
more	O
mature	O
,	O
steadily	O
more	O
mature	O
and	O
more	O
detached	O
,	O
steadily	O
more	O
detached	O
and	O
closer	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
plain	O
and	O
natural	O
.	O
"	O


During	O
his	B-DATE
fifties	I-DATE
he	O
had	O
passed	O
through	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
experimentation	O
and	O
innovation	O
,	O
"	O
being	O
different	O
for	O
the	O
sake	O
of	O
it	O
,	O
"	O
but	O
now	O
he	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
traditional	O
artistic	O
way	O
of	O
"	O
being	O
naturally	O
different	O
.	O
"	O


Wang	B-PERSON
once	O
said	O
that	O
an	O
artistic	O
aesthetic	O
is	O
something	O
that	O
emerges	O
through	O
long	O
years	O
of	O
stylistic	O
refinement	O
and	O
expression	O
.	O


Every	O
artist	O
goes	O
through	O
a	O
non-stop	O
process	O
of	O
evolution	O
,	O
accumulating	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
natural	O
grace	O
as	O
time	O
goes	O
by	O
.	O


If	O
old	O
age	O
enabled	O
Wang	B-PERSON
to	O
become	O
"	O
steadily	O
more	O
proficient	O
"	O
-	O
as	O
Buddhism	B-NORP
would	O
have	O
it	O
-	O
at	O
his	O
art	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
made	O
him	O
"	O
steadily	O
more	O
forgetful	O
.	O
"	O


Sometimes	O
,	O
when	O
tidying	O
up	O
works	O
of	O
poetry	O
from	O
years	O
before	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
come	O
across	O
one	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
no	O
recollection	O
of	O
ever	O
writing	O
.	O


This	O
did	O
n't	O
depress	O
him	O
,	O
however	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
contrary	O
,	O
he	O
considered	O
it	O
an	O
advantage	O
of	O
memory	O
loss	O
that	O
it	O
enabled	O
him	O
to	O
look	O
more	O
objectively	O
at	O
his	O
own	O
works	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
someone	O
else	O
had	O
written	O
them	O
.	O


With	O
this	O
in	O
mind	O
he	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
another	O
style	O
name	O
for	O
himself	O
:	O
"	O
Forgetful	O
old	O
man	O
.	O
"	O


Eventually	O
he	O
came	O
to	O
forget	O
almost	O
everything	O
that	O
had	O
ever	O
happened	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
both	O
the	O
sorrows	O
and	O
the	O
joys	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
lifetime	O
dedicated	O
to	O
the	O
pursuit	O
of	O
art	O
,	O
Wang	B-PERSON
at	O
last	O
entered	O
that	O
state	O
of	O
freedom	O
in	O
which	O
"	O
the	O
man	O
and	O
his	O
calligraphy	O
have	O
both	O
attained	O
maturity	O
.	O
"	O


When	O
Wang	B-PERSON
was	O
young	O
he	O
once	O
wrote	O
the	O
following	O
lines	O
on	O
seeing	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
an	O
ancient	O
master	O
at	O
firsthand	O
:	O
"	O
Ink	O
from	O
the	O
brush	O
of	O
a	O
master	O
gives	O
one	O
the	O
sensation	O
of	O
seeing	O
something	O
that	O
is	O
living	O
and	O
breathing	O
,	O
flesh	O
and	O
blood	O
.	O


One	O
almost	O
feels	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
calligrapher	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
meeting	O
him	O
'	O
face	O
to	O
face	O
.	O
'	O
"	O


Wang	B-PERSON
's	O
calligraphy	O
is	O
still	O
everywhere	O
to	O
be	O
seen	O
on	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
signs	O
for	O
such	O
institutions	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Kungpao	I-ORG
Building	I-ORG
,	O
Taipei	B-ORG
Teachers	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Meeting	I-ORG
Hall	I-ORG
,	O
Taiwan	B-ORG
Land	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Chunghwa	I-ORG
Bookstore	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
exhibition	O
of	O
Wang	B-PERSON
's	O
calligraphy	O
and	O
seal	O
carvings	O
,	O
spanning	O
every	O
period	O
of	O
his	O
creative	O
career	O
,	O
runs	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Palace	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
from	O
January	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
until	O
April	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
great	O
opportunity	O
to	O
come	O
"	O
face	O
to	O
face	O
"	O


Wang	B-PERSON
's	O
calligraphy	O
is	O
still	O
everywhere	O
to	O
be	O
seen	O
on	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
signs	O
for	O
such	O
institutions	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Kungpao	I-ORG
Building	I-ORG
,	O
Taipei	B-ORG
Teachers	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Meeting	I-ORG
Hall	I-ORG
,	O
Taiwan	B-ORG
Land	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Chunghwa	I-ORG
Bookstore	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
exhibition	O
of	O
Wang	B-PERSON
's	O
calligraphy	O
and	O
seal	O
carvings	O
,	O
spanning	O
every	O
period	O
of	O
his	O
creative	O
career	O
,	O
runs	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Palace	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
from	O
January	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
until	O
April	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
great	O
opportunity	O
to	O
come	O
"	O
face	O
to	O
face	O
"	O
with	O
"	O
Old	O
Chuang	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
and	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
chart	O
the	O
growth	O
that	O
he	O
went	O
through	O
during	O
his	O
life	O
in	O
art	O
.	O


p.	O
68	B-CARDINAL


In	O
his	B-DATE
later	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
Wang	B-PERSON
's	O
calligraphy	O
displayed	O
an	O
effortless	O
synthesis	O
of	O
softness	O
and	O
strength	O
,	O
combining	O
smooth	O
fluidity	O
with	O
rugged	O
brio	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sui	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
69	B-CARDINAL


"	O
Blessed	O
joy	O
,	O
eternal	O
peace	O
.	O
"	O


At	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
around	O
50	B-DATE
Wang	B-PERSON
began	O
incorporating	O
forms	O
of	O
script	O
from	O
newly	O
excavated	O
ancient	O
texts	O
and	O
inscriptions	O
into	O
his	O
calligraphy	O
,	O
opening	O
up	O
new	O
perspectives	O
for	O
the	O
art	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sui	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
71	B-CARDINAL


"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Fanshi	I-WORK_OF_ART
Lake	I-WORK_OF_ART
Red	I-WORK_OF_ART
Plum	I-WORK_OF_ART
Poem	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
written	O
by	O
Wang	B-PERSON
when	O
he	O
was	O
75	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
calligraphy	O
is	O
effortlessly	O
dynamic	O
,	O
the	O
very	O
image	O
of	O
"	O
a	O
man	O
and	O
his	O
calligraphy	O
that	O
have	O
both	O
attained	O
maturity	O
.	O
"	O


p.	O
72	B-CARDINAL


"	O
Image	O
of	O
a	O
mind	O
become	O
steadily	O
more	O
abstinent	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Ink	O
and	O
happiness	O
.	O
"	O


Wang	B-PERSON
carved	O
each	O
seal	O
at	O
one	B-CARDINAL
go	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
layout	O
was	O
always	O
very	O
compact	O
.	O


p.	O
73	B-CARDINAL


"	O
Bowels	O
dredged	O
clean	O
by	O
long	O
years	O
of	O
drinking	O
.	O
"	O


Wang	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
enjoyed	O
a	O
tipple	O
,	O
carved	O
plenty	O
of	O
"	O
drinking	O
seals	O
.	O
"	O


p.	O
73	B-CARDINAL


"	O
When	O
poetry	O
flows	O
freely	O
,	O
the	O
liquor	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
wasted	O
.	O
"	O


Wang	B-PERSON
could	O
wield	O
his	O
knife	O
like	O
an	O
brush	O
,	O
dashing	O
off	O
inscriptions	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
fluidity	O
as	O
he	O
painted	O
characters	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
especially	O
true	O
of	O
the	O
signature	O
marks	O
on	O
his	O
seals	O
.	O


p.	O
74	B-CARDINAL


Wang	B-PERSON
's	O
widow	O
,	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sui	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
son	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Ta	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
,	O
often	O
spend	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
recalling	O
Wang	B-PERSON
as	O
they	O
look	O
over	O
his	O
works	O
of	O
calligraphy	O
.	O


p.	O
75	B-CARDINAL


A	O
seal	O
knob	O
inscription	O
carved	O
by	O
Wang	B-PERSON
for	O
his	O
wife	O
.	O


Encouraged	O
by	O
Wang	B-PERSON
,	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sui	I-PERSON
became	O
an	O
accomplished	O
seal	O
knob	O
carver	O
in	O
her	O
own	O
right	O
.	O


Reproducing	O
an	O
Ancient	O
Art	O
:	O


Cheng	B-PERSON
Yung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
gwo	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Prehistoric	O
Pottery	O


-LRB-	O
Elaine	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Teh	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chang	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Newell	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


In	O
a	O
lively	O
and	O
well	O
-	O
attended	O
ceremony	O
on	O
an	O
unusually	O
warm	O
and	O
sunny	O
winter	O
's	O
day	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Yingko	I-ORG
Ceramics	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
is	O
formally	O
opened	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O


Especially	O
noteworthy	O
is	O
Room	O
203	B-CARDINAL
,	O
"	O
Echoes	B-WORK_OF_ART
Across	I-WORK_OF_ART
Space	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Time	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
where	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
exhibit	O
that	O
seems	O
quite	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
ordinary	O
:	O
rough	O
sandy	O
earth	O
,	O
an	O
upright	O
measuring	O
stick	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
it	O
is	O
more	O
like	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
an	O
archeological	O
dig	O
.	O


The	O
layers	O
of	O
prehistoric	O
pottery	O
represent	O
different	O
cultures	O
that	O
existed	O
at	O
various	O
times	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
almost	O
impossible	O
to	O
tell	O
that	O
these	O
rudimentary	O
yet	O
beautiful	O
works	O
of	O
pottery	O
are	O
not	O
the	O
real	O
thing	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
in	O
fact	O
reproductions	O
by	O
the	O
potter	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
Yung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
gwo	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
is	O
especially	O
fitting	O
that	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
's	O
work	O
,	O
because	O
this	O
unusual	O
artist	O
was	O
formerly	O
a	O
student	O
of	O
archeology	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
eve	O
of	O
the	O
opening	O
.	O


The	O
museum	O
-	O
located	O
very	O
near	O
the	O
Yingko	B-LOC
interchange	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Second	I-FAC
Northern	I-FAC
Freeway	I-FAC
-	O
is	O
hopping	O
with	O
people	O
scurrying	O
and	O
working	O
inside	O
and	O
out	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
main	O
hall	O
on	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
stand	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
giant	O
porcelain	O
vases	O
,	O
representing	O
the	O
pottery	O
industry	O
of	O
Yingko	B-LOC
.	O


When	O
you	O
climb	O
to	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
,	O
in	O
Room	O
201	B-CARDINAL
a	O
worker	O
is	O
stirring	O
cement	O
with	O
all	O
his	O
might	O
in	O
preparation	O
for	O
putting	O
up	O
a	O
decorative	O
wall	O
of	O
cement	O
interspersed	O
with	O
ceramic	O
pieces	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
Room	O
203	B-CARDINAL
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
people	O
are	O
busy	O
putting	O
the	O
finished	O
reproductions	O
on	O
display	O
,	O
documenting	O
the	O
process	O
on	O
video	O
as	O
they	O
go	O
along	O
.	O


Suddenly	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
crash	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
gasp	O
,	O
and	O
Lu	B-PERSON
Hsiu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chin	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Research	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Collections	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
rushes	O
in	O
to	O
see	O
what	O
has	O
happened	O
.	O


A	O
camera	O
lens	O
has	O
fallen	O
off	O
and	O
struck	O
a	O
Yuanshan	B-NORP
Culture	I-NORP
jar	O
.	O


"	O
Teacher	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
,	O
is	O
there	O
anything	O
wrong	O
?	O
"	O
asks	O
Lu	B-PERSON
nervously	O
.	O


Cheng	B-PERSON
Yung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
gwo	I-PERSON
turns	O
the	O
piece	O
in	O
his	O
hands	O
,	O
examining	O
it	O
carefully	O
for	O
damage	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
raises	O
his	O
head	O
and	O
smiles	O
:	O
"	O
It	O
's	O
a	O
good	O
thing	O
I	O
increased	O
the	O
kiln	O
temperature	O
to	O
make	O
these	O
things	O
more	O
durable	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
was	O
worried	O
about	O
the	O
knocks	O
they	O
would	O
take	O
being	O
moved	O
around	O
for	O
the	O
exhibition	O
.	O
"	O


Cheng	B-PERSON
Yung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
gwo	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
addressed	O
by	O
the	O
respectful	O
title	O
"	O
Teacher	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
"	O
by	O
all	O
the	O
museum	O
staff	O
high	O
and	O
low	O
,	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	B-NORP
Young	I-NORP
Turks	I-NORP
on	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
ceramics	O
scene	O
.	O


He	O
first	B-ORDINAL
gained	O
fame	O
with	O
an	O
award	O
-	O
winnnig	O
entry	O
in	O
the	O
annual	O
Golden	B-WORK_OF_ART
Ceramics	I-WORK_OF_ART
Award	I-WORK_OF_ART
competition	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
reason	O
why	O
the	B-ORG
Yingko	I-ORG
Ceramics	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
gave	O
him	O
sole	O
and	O
total	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
recreation	O
of	O
the	O
36	B-CARDINAL
pieces	O
of	O
prehistoric	O
pottery	O
in	O
the	O
exhibit	O
is	O
this	O
:	O
He	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
leading	O
ceramicist	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
who	O
also	O
graduated	O
from	O
university	O
with	O
a	O
degree	O
in	O
archeology	O
.	O


A	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
effort	O
has	O
been	O
devoted	O
to	O
opening	O
new	O
museums	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Besides	O
institutions	O
devoted	O
to	O
the	O
natural	O
sciences	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
focus	O
has	O
been	O
on	O
local	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
history	O
and	O
aboriginal	O
culture	O
.	O


Examples	O
include	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Prehistory	I-ORG
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Yingko	B-ORG
Ceramics	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
and	O
Shihsanhang	B-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
privately	O
founded	O
Sheng	B-ORG
Ye	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Formosan	I-ORG
Aborigines	I-ORG
.	O


For	O
museums	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
thing	O
is	O
of	O
course	O
to	O
acquire	O
items	O
to	O
display	O
.	O


But	O
most	O
archeological	O
artifacts	O
are	O
only	O
shards	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
few	O
items	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
found	O
intact	O
are	O
jealously	O
guarded	O
by	O
the	O
institutions	O
that	O
dug	O
them	O
up	O
;	O
they	O
are	O
rarely	O
lent	O
out	O
.	O


Thus	O
the	B-ORG
Yingko	I-ORG
Ceramics	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
only	O
option	O
was	O
to	O
find	O
someone	O
to	O
make	O
copies	O
of	O
the	O
originals	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
vital	O
because	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
planning	O
stage	O
for	O
the	O
museum	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
decided	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
very	O
special	O
room	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Echoes	I-WORK_OF_ART
Across	I-WORK_OF_ART
Space	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Time	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


"	O
We	O
felt	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
ceramics	O
should	O
cover	O
more	O
than	O
just	O
what	O
Han	B-NORP
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
have	O
done	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
400	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
since	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
migration	O
began	O
from	O
the	O
mainland	O
,	O
but	O
should	O
also	O
include	O
aboriginal	O
and	O
prehistoric	O
pottery	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
quite	O
a	O
challenge	O
to	O
effectively	O
create	O
such	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
display	O
,	O
especially	O
since	O
authentic	O
pieces	O
are	O
so	O
hard	O
to	O
come	O
by	O
.	O
"	O


Lu	B-PERSON
Hsiu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chin	I-PERSON
reveals	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
genuine	O
items	O
are	O
held	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Archeology	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Anthropology	I-ORG
at	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
NTU	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
or	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
History	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Philology	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-ORG
Academia	I-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
.	O


Hung	O
up	O
on	O
red	O
tape	O


The	O
museum	O
sent	O
a	O
written	O
request	O
to	O
NTU	B-ORG
asking	O
to	O
borrow	O
samples	O
from	O
which	O
copies	O
could	O
be	O
made	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
idea	O
quickly	O
hit	O
the	O
shoals	O
.	O


NTU	B-ORG
's	O
archeology	O
departmental	O
affairs	O
committee	O
decided	O
that	O
the	O
museum	O
should	O
have	O
first	B-ORDINAL
submitted	O
a	O
cooperation	O
proposal	O
prior	O
to	O
asking	O
for	O
any	O
loans	O
.	O


Lu	B-PERSON
Hsiu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chin	I-PERSON
says	O
with	O
exasperation	O
:	O
"	O
This	O
was	O
not	O
an	O
unreasonable	O
request	O
.	O


But	O
by	O
that	O
point	O
we	O
had	O
no	O
time	O
to	O
lose	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
problematic	O
to	O
file	O
a	O
retroactive	O
proposal	O
.	O
"	O


After	O
asking	O
around	O
,	O
the	O
museum	O
found	O
an	O
old	O
gent	O
-	O
a	O
specialist	O
in	O
making	O
fiberglass	O
reproductions	O
of	O
old	O
artifacts	O
-	O
who	O
had	O
done	O
similar	O
work	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Prehistory	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
when	O
Lu	B-PERSON
examined	O
the	O
finished	O
products	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
shapes	O
were	O
super	O
,	O
the	O
reproductions	O
did	O
n't	O
capture	O
the	O
texture	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
visually	O
,	O
much	O
less	O
when	O
picked	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
hand	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
point	O
,	O
Lu	B-PERSON
had	O
little	O
choice	O
but	O
to	O
turn	O
for	O
help	O
to	O
Liu	B-PERSON
I	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chang	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
research	O
fellow	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
History	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Philology	I-ORG
.	O


Liu	B-PERSON
I	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chang	I-PERSON
is	O
renowned	O
in	O
the	O
archeological	O
community	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
for	O
his	O
field	O
research	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
done	O
the	O
initial	O
field	O
work	O
on	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
important	O
sites	O
,	O
including	O
Shihsanhang	B-NORP
,	O
Tachuwei	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
Peiyeh	B-NORP
.	O


His	O
ambition	O
is	O
to	O
uncover	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
indigenous	O
peoples	O
and	O
its	O
prehistoric	O
cultures	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
asked	O
to	O
select	O
the	O
36	B-CARDINAL
prehistoric	O
pottery	O
samples	O
to	O
be	O
displayed	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Yingko	I-ORG
Ceramics	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
love	O
with	O
archeology	O


Lu	B-PERSON
asked	O
Liu	B-PERSON
for	O
advice	O
about	O
people	O
qualified	O
to	O
do	O
reproductions	O
of	O
ancient	O
pottery	O
.	O


She	O
hit	O
the	O
jackpot	O
,	O
because	O
Liu	B-PERSON
happened	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
good	O
friend	O
named	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
Yung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
gwo	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
ceramic	O
artist	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
also	O
studied	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Archeology	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Anthropology	I-ORG
at	O
NTU	B-ORG
.	O


"	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
was	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
behind	O
me	O
in	O
school	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
worked	O
together	O
on	O
digs	O
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


When	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
college	O
,	O
he	O
worked	O
on	O
the	O
Peinan	B-NORP
and	O
Chihshanyen	B-NORP
sites	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Liu	B-PERSON
.	O


Peinan	B-NORP
society	O
had	O
highly	O
developed	O
pottery	O
arts	O
,	O
and	O
Chihshanyen	B-NORP
is	O
a	O
multi-layered	O
site	O
with	O
artifacts	O
from	O
several	O
cultures	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
pottery	O
is	O
even	O
more	O
refined	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
's	O
inspiration	O
for	O
ceramics	O
originally	O
came	O
from	O
archeology	O
.	O


Liu	B-PERSON
continues	O
:	O
"	O
Though	O
later	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
left	O
archeology	O
to	O
do	O
ceramic	O
art	O
,	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
forget	O
his	O
affection	O
for	O
prehistoric	O
pottery	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
early	O
work	O
was	O
influenced	O
by	O
ancient	O
painted	O
pottery	O
.	O
"	O


Liu	B-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
there	O
has	O
been	O
growing	O
demand	O
for	O
archeological	O
artifacts	O
for	O
displays	O
,	O
precisely	O
fitting	O
with	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
's	O
familiarity	O
with	O
ceramic	O
art	O
and	O
his	O
understanding	O
of	O
archeological	O
work	O
.	O


As	O
Lu	B-PERSON
Hsiu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chin	I-PERSON
says	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
satisfaction	O
that	O
comes	O
of	O
knowing	O
one	O
has	O
got	O
just	O
what	O
one	O
wants	O
,	O
"	O
He	O
is	O
the	O
ideal	O
person	O
to	O
do	O
reproductions	O
of	O
prehistoric	O
pottery	O
.	O
"	O


A	O
ceramicist	O
who	O
reads	O
academic	O
papers	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
time	O
that	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
has	O
done	O
reproductions	O
of	O
prehistoric	O
pottery	O
.	O


He	O
previously	O
worked	O
on	O
special	O
exhibitions	O
of	O
Chihshanyen	B-LOC
and	O
Yuanshan	B-LOC
culture	O
and	O
also	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
Provincial	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
never	O
before	O
had	O
he	O
been	O
given	O
a	O
task	O
as	O
challenging	O
as	O
making	O
reproductions	O
representing	O
all	O
the	O
major	O
sites	O
of	O
prehistoric	O
pottery	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
making	O
his	O
recreations	O
,	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
was	O
unable	O
to	O
get	O
around	O
the	O
rigid	O
system	O
of	O
controls	O
to	O
secure	O
any	O
original	O
samples	O
.	O


"	O
What	O
is	O
so	O
incredible	O
about	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
Yung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
gwo	I-PERSON
is	O
that	O
he	O
only	O
looked	O
at	O
the	O
samples	O
and	O
took	O
back	O
some	O
photographs	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Liu	B-PERSON
I	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chang	I-PERSON
.	O


Take	O
for	O
example	O
the	O
human	O
-	O
faced	O
jar	O
from	O
the	O
Shisanhang	B-NORP
culture	O
.	O


The	O
visage	O
depicted	O
on	O
the	O
piece	O
is	O
of	O
complex	O
design	O
,	O
with	O
sharp	O
angles	O
and	O
corners	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
work	O
to	O
be	O
faithful	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
each	O
angle	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
precise	O
.	O


Cheng	B-PERSON
tackled	O
this	O
problem	O
by	O
assembling	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
paper	O
models	O
before	O
getting	O
to	O
work	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
also	O
had	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
duplicate	O
the	O
red	O
color	O
of	O
the	O
piece	O
,	O
a	O
color	O
characteristic	O
of	O
Shisanhang	B-NORP
pottery	O
.	O


For	O
this	O
reason	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
made	O
a	O
special	O
trip	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
Linkou	I-LOC
Plateau	I-LOC
to	O
collect	O
red	O
clay	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
found	O
this	O
material	O
impossible	O
to	O
get	O
into	O
the	O
right	O
shape	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
add	O
a	O
certain	O
proportion	O
of	O
general	O
-	O
purpose	O
potter	O
's	O
clay	O
.	O


After	O
several	O
tries	O
,	O
he	O
settled	O
on	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
parts	O
Tachia	B-NORP
clay	O
to	O
one	O
part	O
Linkou	B-NORP
clay	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
35	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
ratio	O
of	O
gravel	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
layer	O
of	O
100	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
Linkou	B-NORP
red	O
clay	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
he	O
polished	O
the	O
surface	O
with	O
agate	O
,	O
creating	O
a	O
glossy	O
effect	O
and	O
increasing	O
the	O
richness	O
of	O
the	O
color	O
.	O


Like	O
a	O
detective	O
on	O
a	O
case	O


Even	O
Liu	B-PERSON
I	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chang	I-PERSON
could	O
n't	O
say	O
enough	O
about	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
's	O
human	O
-	O
faced	O
jar	O
.	O


Pointing	O
to	O
the	O
photo	O
on	O
the	O
cover	O
of	O
the	O
brochure	O
for	O
the	O
Shisanhang	B-NORP
site	O
museum	O
,	O
he	O
testifies	O
:	O
"	O
I	O
was	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
dug	O
up	O
the	O
original	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
should	O
know	O
-	O
the	O
color	O
in	O
the	O
photograph	O
is	O
not	O
right	O
,	O
while	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
is	O
much	O
closer	O
to	O
the	O
real	O
thing	O
.	O
"	O


For	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
hardest	O
thing	O
was	O
the	O
facial	O
expression	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
face	O
is	O
not	O
smiling	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
crying	O
either	O
,	O
rather	O
it	O
looks	O
a	O
bit	O
depressed	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
says	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
impractical	O
piece	O
,	O
so	O
its	O
original	O
purpose	O
was	O
probably	O
decorative	O
or	O
ritualistic	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
capture	O
the	O
ambivalent	O
facial	O
expression	O
,	O
he	O
imagined	O
the	O
jar	O
as	O
a	O
bust	O
-	O
length	O
portrait	O
of	O
a	O
woman	O
.	O


She	O
would	O
be	O
an	O
elegantly	O
dressed	O
noblewoman	O
,	O
with	O
brushed	O
hair	O
,	O
and	O
jewelry	O
made	O
from	O
shells	O
,	O
with	O
perhaps	O
an	O
agate	O
necklace	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
.	O


"	O
During	O
his	O
days	O
as	O
a	O
student	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Liu	B-PERSON
of	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
he	O
did	O
hands	O
-	O
on	O
work	O
at	O
archeological	O
sites	O
,	O
digging	O
up	O
shards	O
,	O
observing	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
his	O
mind	O
recreating	O
the	O
process	O
by	O
which	O
they	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
always	O
had	O
a	O
naturally	O
deep	O
attachment	O
to	O
archeology	O
.	O
"	O


Liu	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
probably	O
the	O
reason	O
why	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
,	O
when	O
doing	O
reproductions	O
of	O
prehistoric	O
pottery	O
,	O
aims	O
to	O
capture	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
the	O
originals	O
,	O
not	O
just	O
their	O
surface	O
appearance	O
.	O


Even	O
more	O
important	O
for	O
reproducing	O
prehistoric	O
artifacts	O
is	O
good	O
detective	O
work	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
reconstruct	O
the	O
general	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
from	O
clues	O
on	O
just	O
a	O
few	O
shards	O
.	O


Conclusions	O
that	O
rest	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
sample	O
may	O
easily	O
be	O
inaccurate	O
.	O


Cheng	B-PERSON
,	O
using	O
his	O
training	O
in	O
archeology	O
and	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
"	O
correlation	O
,	O
"	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
link	O
together	O
a	O
single	O
sample	O
with	O
pieces	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
culture	O
found	O
nearby	O
,	O
allowing	O
him	O
to	O
draw	O
conclusions	O
with	O
confidence	O
and	O
to	O
bring	O
his	O
creative	O
abilities	O
into	O
play	O
while	O
remaining	O
true	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
.	O


Reproducing	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
prehistoric	O
pottery	O


Stop	O
right	O
there	O
!	O


You	O
might	O
wonder	O
:	O
If	O
he	O
is	O
making	O
reproductions	O
,	O
how	O
can	O
he	O
bring	O
creativity	O
into	O
it	O
?	O


Cheng	B-PERSON
's	O
response	O
is	O
this	O
:	O
"	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
original	O
potters	O
also	O
followed	O
their	O
whims	O
and	O
improvised	O
when	O
they	O
worked	O
,	O
and	O
did	O
n't	O
rigidly	O
make	O
each	O
embellishment	O
by	O
rote	O
.	O
"	O


Cheng	B-PERSON
considers	O
the	O
problem	O
and	O
then	O
adds	O
:	O
"	O
I	O
not	O
only	O
want	O
to	O
reproduce	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
the	O
originals	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
made	O
them	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
reconstruction	O
of	O
an	O
Ilan	B-GPE
square	O
-	O
patterned	O
pottery	O
jar	O
found	O
by	O
Liu	B-PERSON
I	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chang	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Chiushe	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
good	O
illustration	O
of	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
's	O
whole	O
approach	O
.	O


Upon	O
inspecting	O
the	O
original	O
,	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
walls	O
were	O
very	O
thin	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
decorative	O
pattern	O
had	O
been	O
stamped	O
on	O
after	O
the	O
clay	O
had	O
been	O
formed	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
certainly	O
have	O
ruined	O
the	O
shape	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
did	O
the	O
original	O
maker	O
get	O
the	O
pattern	O
on	O
there	O
?	O


Having	O
repeatedly	O
thought	O
about	O
this	O
problem	O
,	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
concluded	O
that	O
prehistoric	O
potters	O
must	O
have	O
used	O
an	O
internal	O
mold	O
when	O
working	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
they	O
had	O
shards	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
just	O
pick	O
up	O
from	O
the	O
ground	O
around	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
could	O
take	O
the	O
kneaded	O
clay	O
,	O
wrap	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
shards	O
,	O
and	O
tap	O
it	O
down	O
lightly	O
with	O
a	O
wooden	O
stick	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
clay	O
more	O
compact	O
and	O
solid	O
.	O


The	O
stick	O
would	O
have	O
patterns	O
carved	O
into	O
it	O
which	O
would	O
then	O
be	O
left	O
imprinted	O
on	O
the	O
clay	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
decorative	O
effect	O
,	O
thinks	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
,	O
was	O
probably	O
secondary	B-ORDINAL
to	O
the	O
functional	O
purpose	O
of	O
compacting	O
the	O
clay	O
.	O


With	O
these	O
ideas	O
in	O
mind	O
,	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
first	B-ORDINAL
ground	O
up	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
gravel	O
,	O
added	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
clay	O
,	O
and	O
kneaded	O
it	O
vigorously	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
took	O
a	O
mold	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
made	O
from	O
the	O
original	O
sample	O
,	O
and	O
spread	O
the	O
clay	O
-	O
now	O
with	O
the	O
texture	O
of	O
pizza	O
dough	O
-	O
on	O
the	O
outside	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
tapped	O
it	O
with	O
a	O
small	O
stick	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
had	O
personally	O
prepared	O
by	O
paring	O
off	O
the	O
bark	O
and	O
carving	O
a	O
pattern	O
of	O
squares	O
into	O
the	O
wood	O
.	O


Next	O
he	O
cut	O
away	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
jar	O
and	O
carefully	O
removed	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
repeated	O
the	O
process	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
top	O
section	O
,	O
then	O
connected	O
the	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	O
parts	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
with	O
his	O
right	O
hand	O
he	O
picked	O
up	O
the	O
wood	O
stick	O
and	O
tapped	O
around	O
the	O
outside	O
,	O
while	O
with	O
his	O
left	O
he	O
held	O
a	O
mushroom	O
-	O
shaped	O
object	O
against	O
the	O
inside	O
of	O
the	O
jar	O
to	O
absorb	O
the	O
shock	O
and	O
prevent	O
the	O
jar	O
from	O
collapsing	O
inward	O
.	O


A	O
careful	O
examination	O
of	O
the	O
finished	O
jar	O
-	O
with	O
its	O
square	O
pattern	O
already	O
imprinted	O
-	O
showed	O
it	O
to	O
look	O
exactly	O
like	O
the	O
sample	O
in	O
the	O
photo	O
.	O


Dialogue	O
with	O
academia	O


To	O
reconstruct	O
these	O
36	B-CARDINAL
pieces	O
of	O
pottery	O
,	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
he	O
could	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
used	O
the	O
same	O
tools	O
as	O
were	O
available	O
to	O
their	O
original	O
makers	O
.	O


In	O
particular	O
,	O
he	O
avoided	O
using	O
any	O
iron	O
implements	O
,	O
since	O
none	O
had	O
been	O
available	O
back	O
then	O
.	O


When	O
making	O
the	O
ceramic	O
boar	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
bamboo	O
forest	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
his	O
house	O
and	O
cut	O
off	O
bamboo	O
branches	O
by	O
hand	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
the	O
pig	O
's	O
nostrils	O
.	O


When	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
ready	O
-	O
made	O
tools	O
available	O
,	O
he	O
made	O
his	O
own	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
above	O
-	O
mentioned	O
"	O
mushroom	O
head	O
.	O
"	O


"	O
Such	O
a	O
'	O
mushroom	O
head	O
'	O
was	O
unearthed	O
at	O
the	O
Peinan	B-NORP
site	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
and	O
archeologists	O
had	O
no	O
idea	O
what	O
it	O
was	O
for	O
.	O


But	O
people	O
like	O
me	O
who	O
make	O
pottery	O
can	O
identify	O
its	O
function	O
with	O
one	B-CARDINAL
look	O
.	O
"	O


Liu	B-PERSON
I	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chang	I-PERSON
states	O
that	O
his	O
conversations	O
with	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
have	O
given	O
him	O
much	O
food	O
for	O
thought	O
and	O
allowed	O
him	O
to	O
more	O
accurately	O
visualize	O
the	O
lifestyles	O
and	O
technology	O
of	O
prehistoric	O
peoples	O
.	O


"	O
We	O
help	O
each	O
other	O
a	O
lot	O
.	O
"	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
has	O
brought	O
his	O
ceramicist	O
's	O
mind	O
's	O
eye	O
to	O
bear	O
on	O
the	O
mystery	O
of	O
why	O
gravel	O
was	O
mixed	O
into	O
prehistoric	O
pottery	O
.	O


In	O
virtually	O
all	O
archeological	O
reports	O
,	O
prehistoric	O
pottery	O
includes	O
gravel	O
,	O
usually	O
at	O
a	O
level	O
of	O
25	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Some	O
also	O
includes	O
shells	O
or	O
hornblende	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
definitely	O
not	O
because	O
prehistoric	O
people	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
get	O
clay	O
of	O
greater	O
purity	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
contrary	O
,	O
the	O
clay	O
they	O
used	O
was	O
often	O
of	O
higher	O
quality	O
than	O
clay	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Thus	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
concludes	O
that	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
gravel	O
must	O
have	O
been	O
deliberate	O
.	O


Cheng	B-PERSON
explains	O
:	O
"	O
These	O
days	O
most	O
ceramic	O
artists	O
buy	O
factory	O
-	O
produced	O
clay	O
that	O
meets	O
a	O
certain	O
set	O
of	O
specifications	O
.	O


Rarely	O
would	O
anybody	O
add	O
gravel	O
.	O


After	O
all	O
,	O
everybody	O
uses	O
electric	O
kilns	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
offer	O
precise	O
temperature	O
control	O
,	O
so	O
their	O
pieces	O
can	O
be	O
fired	O
slowly	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
risk	O
of	O
cracking	O
from	O
overly	O
rapid	O
heating	O
or	O
cooling	O
.	O
"	O


Prehistoric	O
wisdom	O


But	O
prehistoric	O
peoples	O
did	O
not	O
possess	O
any	O
of	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
to	O
dig	O
,	O
rinse	O
,	O
and	O
filter	O
their	O
own	O
clay	O
,	O
shape	O
the	O
pieces	O
,	O
then	O
fire	O
them	O
all	O
together	O
in	O
a	O
big	O
pile	O
of	O
wood	O
under	O
the	O
open	O
sky	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
why	O
they	O
added	O
gravel	O
to	O
the	O
clay	O
,	O
liking	O
mixing	O
stones	O
into	O
mud	O
,	O
to	O
increase	O
its	O
strength	O
and	O
so	O
avoid	O
having	O
the	O
pottery	O
fracture	O
as	O
it	O
first	B-ORDINAL
expanded	O
under	O
the	O
heat	O
and	O
then	O
contracted	O
as	O
it	O
cooled	O
.	O


From	O
this	O
we	O
can	O
see	O
,	O
affirms	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
,	O
that	O
"	O
prehistoric	O
people	O
understood	O
how	O
to	O
use	O
mixed	O
materials	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
breakthrough	O
in	O
technique	O
.	O
"	O


Cheng	B-PERSON
found	O
further	O
indirect	O
confirmation	O
of	O
his	O
judgement	O
about	O
the	O
technical	O
skills	O
possessed	O
by	O
prehistoric	O
makers	O
of	O
pottery	O
from	O
a	O
documentary	O
on	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
NHK	B-ORG
network	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
film	O
,	O
a	O
Japanese	B-NORP
ceramic	O
artist	O
,	O
an	O
individual	O
who	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
"	O
national	O
treasure	O
"	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
goes	O
to	O
visit	O
a	O
small	O
island	O
in	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
where	O
everybody	O
makes	O
pottery	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
arrives	O
there	O
,	O
this	O
great	O
master	O
becomes	O
more	O
like	O
a	O
youthful	O
acolyte	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
ceramicist	O
slowly	O
and	O
steadily	O
works	O
the	O
clay	O
at	O
his	O
wheel	O
,	O
an	O
elderly	O
aboriginal	O
woman	O
working	O
next	O
to	O
him	O
just	O
turns	O
the	O
wheel	O
twice	O
with	O
her	O
feet	O
and	O
shapes	O
a	O
finished	O
ceramic	O
jug	O
.	O


The	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
indigenous	O
people	O
on	O
this	O
small	O
island	O
to	O
judge	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
clay	O
was	O
even	O
more	O
impressive	O
.	O


"	O
They	O
just	O
toss	O
some	O
clay	O
into	O
their	O
mouths	O
and	O
chew	O
it	O
around	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
know	O
whether	O
it	O
is	O
good	O
material	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
buy	O
clay	O
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
thing	O
we	O
look	O
at	O
is	O
the	O
written	O
specifications	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
with	O
a	O
laugh	O
.	O


Firebrand	O


Though	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
was	O
able	O
to	O
complete	O
the	O
full	O
set	O
of	O
prehistoric	O
pottery	O
reproductions	O
requested	O
by	O
the	O
museum	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
a	O
level	O
of	O
quality	O
that	O
received	O
high	O
grades	O
from	O
the	O
museum	O
and	O
from	O
consultant	O
Liu	B-PERSON
I	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chang	I-PERSON
,	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
himself	O
still	O
feels	O
there	O
are	O
things	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
have	O
done	O
better	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
hardest	O
part	O
was	O
getting	O
the	O
final	O
color	O
and	O
texture	O
of	O
the	O
originals	O
to	O
come	O
through	O
in	O
the	O
reproductions	O
.	O
"	O


Cheng	B-PERSON
relates	O
that	O
in	O
this	O
regard	O
there	O
were	O
some	O
factors	O
he	O
could	O
manipulate	O
,	O
but	O
others	O
that	O
were	O
beyond	O
his	O
control	O
.	O


"	O
What	O
kind	O
of	O
clay	O
did	O
prehistoric	O
people	O
use	O
?	O


At	O
what	O
temperature	O
did	O
they	O
fire	O
the	O
pots	O
?	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
the	O
same	O
feeling	O
from	O
artifacts	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
buried	O
in	O
the	O
ground	O
for	O
thousands	O
of	O
years	O
,	O
exposed	O
to	O
microbes	O
and	O
chemical	O
transformations	O
,	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
instantly	O
from	O
the	O
recreated	O
works	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
doing	O
today	B-DATE
.	O
"	O


Cheng	B-PERSON
admits	O
that	O
if	O
he	O
utilized	O
extraneous	O
processes	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
exposing	O
the	O
pieces	O
to	O
wood	O
smoke	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
he	O
could	O
get	O
the	O
colors	O
closer	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
actual	O
artifacts	O
,	O
but	O
then	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
losing	O
something	O
else	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
before	O
getting	O
down	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
final	O
version	O
of	O
each	O
piece	O
,	O
he	O
made	O
numerous	O
trials	O
,	O
using	O
different	O
proportions	O
of	O
iron	O
oxide	O
,	O
trying	O
different	O
temperatures	O
,	O
sometimes	O
buffing	O
the	O
piece	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
glossy	O
and	O
other	O
times	O
not	O
,	O
to	O
get	O
as	O
close	O
as	O
possible	O
to	O
the	O
correct	O
overall	O
effect	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
of	O
course	O
there	O
was	O
the	O
problem	O
that	O
the	O
pottery	O
-	O
making	O
process	O
in	O
prehistoric	O
times	O
was	O
markedly	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
modern	O
procedure	O
.	O


"	O
These	O
days	O
we	O
use	O
electric	O
kilns	O
.	O


Though	O
they	O
are	O
safer	O
,	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
leave	O
the	O
same	O
traces	O
that	O
prehistoric	O
pottery	O
has	O
from	O
being	O
fired	O
outdoors	O
with	O
uneven	O
exposure	O
to	O
the	O
heat	O
.	O
"	O


Cheng	B-PERSON
feels	O
very	O
strongly	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


In	O
Western	B-NORP
mythology	O
,	O
man	O
escaped	O
the	O
fate	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
animals	O
by	O
stealing	O
fire	O
from	O
the	O
gods	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
fire	O
that	O
allowed	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
bronze	O
-	O
age	O
civilization	O
and	O
pottery	O
cultures	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
,	O
fire	O
has	O
been	O
taken	O
offstage	O
,	O
and	O
replaced	O
by	O
electricity	O
.	O


The	O
relationship	O
between	O
fire	O
and	O
potters	O
has	O
been	O
severed	O
by	O
modern	O
kilns	O
.	O


"	O
There	O
is	O
only	O
the	O
moment	O
when	O
you	O
turn	O
on	O
the	O
power	O
-	O
click	O
-	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
physical	O
sensation	O
of	O
kindling	O
wood	O
or	O
smoke	O
.	O
"	O


Back	O
to	O
the	O
tribal	O
experience	O


After	O
mulling	O
over	O
his	O
experiences	O
,	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
decided	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
save	O
up	O
money	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
finest	O
wood	O
-	O
fire	O
pottery	O
kiln	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
could	O
not	O
only	O
restore	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
fire	O
and	O
potter	O
,	O
but	O
could	O
also	O
induce	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
ceramic	O
artists	O
-	O
among	O
whom	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
believes	O
there	O
is	O
currently	O
too	O
much	O
division	O
and	O
distance	O
-	O
to	O
cooperate	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


"	O
This	O
could	O
encourage	O
interaction	O
and	O
partnership	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
way	O
create	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
having	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
tribal	O
village	O
.	O
"	O


Now	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
lovely	O
thought	O
.	O


Beside	O
a	O
road	O
in	O
Emei	B-GPE
Rural	I-GPE
Township	I-GPE
in	O
Hsinchu	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
narrow	O
,	O
winding	O
mountain	O
road	O
where	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
beep	O
your	O
horn	O
continually	O
to	O
warn	O
possible	O
oncoming	O
cars	O
around	O
the	O
corner	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
home	O
that	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
wife	O
Shen	B-PERSON
Tung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ching	I-PERSON
built	O
with	O
their	O
own	O
hands	O
,	O
just	O
next	O
to	O
a	O
pond	O
surrounded	O
by	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
large	O
trees	O
,	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
Yung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
gwo	I-PERSON
dreams	O
of	O
himself	O
sitting	O
with	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
friends	O
and	O
colleagues	O
around	O
a	O
fire	O
,	O
"	O
alternately	O
firing	O
pottery	O
and	O
drinking	O
wine	O
.	O
"	O


p.	O
76	B-CARDINAL


In	O
reproducing	O
prehistoric	O
pottery	O
,	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
Yung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
gwo	I-PERSON
used	O
a	O
wooden	O
block	O
of	O
his	O
own	O
making	O
to	O
compact	O
and	O
strengthen	O
the	O
clay	O
.	O


He	O
aspired	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
reproduce	O
the	O
originals	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
rediscover	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
their	O
original	O
makers	O
.	O


p.	O
77	B-CARDINAL


Cheng	B-PERSON
Yung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
gwo	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
reproductions	O
of	O
prehistoric	O
pottery	O
are	O
on	O
display	O
in	O
the	O
Taipei	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
Yingko	B-ORG
Ceramics	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
.	O


p.	O
78	B-CARDINAL


The	O
Chihshanyen	B-NORP
site	O
,	O
discovered	O
only	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
19th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
includes	O
artifacts	O
from	O
multiple	O
cultures	O
.	O


Many	O
digs	O
have	O
been	O
conducted	O
there	O
,	O
including	O
during	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
's	O
student	O
days	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Huang	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chiang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
79	B-CARDINAL


In	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
a	O
detective	O
,	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
Yung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
gwo	I-PERSON
made	O
his	O
reproductions	O
based	O
mainly	O
on	O
shards	O
.	O


The	O
photo	O
shows	O
shards	O
unearthed	O
from	O
the	O
Chihshanyen	B-NORP
site	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Huang	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chiang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
80	B-CARDINAL


In	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
reproducing	O
a	O
jar	O
with	O
a	O
square	O
pattern	O
,	O
unearthed	O
at	O
Chiushe	B-LOC
in	O
Ilan	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
not	O
only	O
continually	O
reworked	O
the	O
clay	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
recreated	O
the	O
square	O
pattern	O
by	O
striking	O
the	O
clay	O
with	O
a	O
stick	O
carved	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
design	O
.	O


Step	O
by	O
step	O
,	O
the	O
jar	O
came	O
to	O
life	O
.	O


p.	O
83	B-CARDINAL


Cheng	B-PERSON
Yung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
gwo	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
dream	O
is	O
to	O
sit	O
at	O
home	O
around	O
a	O
fire	O
with	O
a	O
few	O
friends	O
,	O
firing	O
pots	O
and	O
drinking	O
wine	O
.	O


Director	O
in	O
Focus	O
:	O


About	O
Mayaw	B-PERSON
Biho	I-PERSON


-LRB-	O
Alexandra	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Taylor	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Mayaw	B-PERSON
Biho	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Chinese	B-LANGUAGE
name	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Shih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
was	O
born	O
in	O
1969	B-DATE
.	O


His	O
father	O
is	O
a	O
native	O
of	O
Hunan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
in	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
his	O
mother	O
is	O
an	O
Amis	B-NORP
.	O


Mayaw	B-PERSON
Biho	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
calls	O
himself	O
half	O
Amis	B-NORP
,	O
grew	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
Amis	B-NORP
village	O
of	O
Cero	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
Chunjih	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
in	O
Hualien	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
.	O


He	O
never	O
lived	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
village	O
until	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
study	O
cinematography	O
at	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
Shih	B-ORG
Hsin	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


After	O
coming	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
Mayaw	B-PERSON
gradually	O
came	O
to	O
realize	O
how	O
mainstream	O
society	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
regards	O
the	O
island	O
's	O
aboriginal	O
peoples	O
,	O
and	O
became	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
gap	O
between	O
reporting	O
and	O
reality	O
.	O


He	O
wished	O
to	O
break	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
all	O
-	O
pervasive	O
practice	O
of	O
reporting	O
aboriginal	O
affairs	O
from	O
a	O
purely	O
Han	B-NORP
Chinese	I-NORP
perspective	O
,	O
and	O
approach	O
them	O
anew	O
from	O
an	O
aboriginal	O
standpoint	O
.	O


From	O
filming	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Aboriginal	I-WORK_OF_ART
News	I-WORK_OF_ART
Magazine	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Our	I-WORK_OF_ART
Island	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	O
Public	B-ORG
Television	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
and	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Declaration	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	O
Super	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
,	O
to	O
becoming	O
the	O
independent	O
director	O
he	O
is	O
today	O
,	O
Mayaw	B-PERSON
has	O
always	O
insisted	O
on	O
following	O
his	O
own	O
ideas	O
.	O


Mayaw	B-PERSON
loves	O
documentary	O
films	O
above	O
all	O
else	O
.	O


While	O
at	O
university	O
,	O
he	O
began	O
making	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
four	B-CARDINAL
films	O
,	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Spring	I-WORK_OF_ART
Sun	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
is	I-WORK_OF_ART
Our	I-WORK_OF_ART
Name	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
Pangcah	I-WORK_OF_ART
Paddlers	I-WORK_OF_ART
from	I-WORK_OF_ART
Spring	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Sun	I-WORK_OF_ART
Village	I-WORK_OF_ART
;	O
As	B-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
As	I-WORK_OF_ART
Pangcah	I-WORK_OF_ART
;	O
Children	B-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Heaven	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
Pangcah	B-WORK_OF_ART
Artist	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
Gi	I-WORK_OF_ART
Lahaz	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


After	O
graduating	O
,	O
he	O
completed	O
such	O
films	O
as	O
Dear	B-WORK_OF_ART
Rice	I-WORK_OF_ART
Wine	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
You	I-WORK_OF_ART
Are	I-WORK_OF_ART
Defeated	I-WORK_OF_ART
;	O
National	B-WORK_OF_ART
Bandits	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Land	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Our	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hearts	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Mayaw	B-PERSON
's	O
filming	O
of	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
Lukar	B-PERSON
Maku	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
life	O
has	O
already	O
entered	O
its	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


As	B-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
As	I-WORK_OF_ART
Pangcah	I-WORK_OF_ART
was	O
only	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
part	O
.	O


During	O
his	O
summer	B-DATE
vacation	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
filming	O
,	O
Mayaw	B-PERSON
went	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
Lukar	B-PERSON
's	O
home	O
.	O


He	O
spent	O
all	O
his	O
time	O
with	O
the	O
old	O
man	O
,	O
and	O
witnessed	O
his	O
perseverance	O
and	O
insistence	O
on	O
upholding	O
Amis	B-NORP
culture	O
.	O


Lukar	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
Mayaw	B-PERSON
's	O
documentary	O
"	O
shows	O
just	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
person	O
of	O
my	O
age	O
does	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
he	O
also	O
told	O
him	O
:	O
"	O
Mayaw	B-PERSON
,	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
work	O
faster	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
come	O
and	O
see	O
me	O
more	O
often	O
.	O
"	O


Mayaw	B-PERSON
too	O
urges	O
himself	O
to	O
work	O
harder	O
to	O
finish	O
editing	O
the	O
films	O
he	O
has	O
already	O
shot	O
-	O
of	O
Lukar	B-PERSON
talking	O
about	O
tribal	O
life	O
,	O
hunting	O
,	O
religion	O
and	O
war	O
-	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
the	O
Amis	B-NORP
to	O
be	O
told	O
on	O
this	O
island	O
where	O
they	O
have	O
lived	O
for	B-DATE
thousands	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


King	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
Snakes	O


-	O
The	O
Hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
Pace	O
Viper	O


-LRB-	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ju	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Taylor	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


To	O
mark	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
the	I-EVENT
Snake	I-EVENT
,	O
Taiuan	B-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
invited	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
public	O
to	O
vote	O
for	O
native	O
animals	O
to	O
represent	O
the	O
12	B-CARDINAL
creatures	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
zodiac	O
.	O


Although	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
over	O
50	B-CARDINAL
snake	O
species	O
,	O
by	O
far	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
choice	O
for	O
the	O
snake	O
was	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pace	O
viper	O
.	O


Why	O
is	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
seen	O
as	O
the	O
quintessential	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
snake	O
?	O


And	O
how	O
much	O
do	O
we	O
know	O
about	O
this	O
endangered	O
species	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
designated	O
a	O
"	O
rare	O
cultural	O
resource	O
"	O
?	O


"	O
Every	O
day	O
at	O
dusk	O
,	O
we	O
heard	O
a	O
loud	O
whistling	O
sound	O
from	O
far	O
off	O
in	O
the	O
forest	O
.	O


The	O
old	O
folk	O
told	O
us	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
voice	O
of	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
Academia	B-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
researcher	O
Hu	B-PERSON
Tai	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
li	I-PERSON
's	O
documentary	O
film	O
Sounds	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Love	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Sorrow	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
released	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
about	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
veteran	O
Paiwan	B-NORP
nose	O
-	O
flautist	O
Remaleg	B-PERSON
-LRB-	B-PERSON
Chiang	I-PERSON
Chung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsin	I-PERSON
-RRB-	I-PERSON
,	O
Remaleg	B-PERSON
's	O
son	O
Lavuras	B-PERSON
-LRB-	B-PERSON
Chiang	I-PERSON
Cheng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsin	I-PERSON
-RRB-	I-PERSON
recalls	O
the	O
poignantly	O
beautiful	O
sound	O
of	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pace	O
viper	O
as	O
he	O
heard	O
it	O
in	O
his	O
childhood	O
in	O
his	O
old	O
tribal	O
village	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
recounts	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
to	O
imitate	O
the	O
sound	O
of	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
that	O
the	O
Paiwan	B-NORP
developed	O
the	O
nose	O
-	O
flute	O
.	O


Traditional	O
Paiwan	B-NORP
beliefs	O
include	O
many	O
spirits	O
.	O


The	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pace	O
viper	O
represents	O
a	O
guardian	O
spirit	O
who	O
protects	O
the	O
Paiwan	B-NORP
in	O
their	O
homeland	O
around	O
Mt.	B-LOC
Tawu	I-LOC
.	O


"	O
It	O
is	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
the	O
greatest	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
spirits	O
.	O
"	O


Lavuras	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Paiwan	B-NORP
folk	O
tales	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
Paiwan	B-NORP
village	O
of	O
Pingho	B-GPE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
most	O
important	O
festivals	O
was	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Pacer	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
,	O
which	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
held	O
once	O
every	O
ten	O
years	O
.	O


"	O
In	O
our	O
old	O
village	O
,	O
the	O
big	O
tree	O
under	O
which	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacers	O
lay	O
coiled	O
up	O
was	O
respected	O
like	O
a	O
temple	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
seen	O
as	O
the	O
seat	O
of	O
the	O
tribe	O
's	O
soul	O
,	O
"	O
Lavuras	B-PERSON
recalls	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
aboriginal	O
beliefs	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
human	O
beings	O
can	O
live	O
safely	O
on	O
this	O
earth	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
relationship	O
of	O
friendship	O
,	O
mutual	O
sacrifice	O
and	O
mutual	O
support	O
with	O
the	O
animals	O
.	O


The	O
Paiwan	B-NORP
images	O
of	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pace	O
viper	O
in	O
Lavuras	B-PERSON
'	O
mind	O
have	O
never	O
been	O
menacing	O
or	O
sinister	O
;	O
they	O
are	O
mostly	O
charming	O
and	O
beautiful	O
.	O


"	O
Perhaps	O
today	B-DATE
we	O
no	O
longer	O
believe	O
in	O
them	O
as	O
spirits	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
still	O
important	O
symbols	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Mt.	B-LOC
Tawu	I-LOC
.	O
"	O


Other	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
aboriginal	O
peoples	O
with	O
a	O
close	O
relationship	O
to	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
are	O
the	O
Bunun	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Rukai	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
Bunun	B-NORP
call	O
the	O
snake	O
kaviiad	O
,	O
meaning	O
"	O
friend	O
.	O
"	O


According	O
to	O
Bunun	B-NORP
lore	O
,	O
if	O
one	O
meets	O
a	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
one	O
need	O
only	O
wave	O
a	O
red	O
cloth	O
at	O
it	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
go	O
away	O
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
top	O
five	B-CARDINAL


However	O
,	O
among	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
Chinese	B-NORP
,	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pace	O
viper	O
is	O
seen	O
merely	O
as	O
a	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
rate	O
tonic	O
medicine	O
to	O
boost	O
male	O
sexual	O
powers	O
.	O


Paiwan	B-NORP
poet	O
Monaneng	B-PERSON
has	O
written	O
:	O
"	O
The	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
is	O
dead	O
;	O
/	O
They	O
've	O
put	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
big	O
transparent	O
medicine	O
jar	O
/	O
With	O
'	O
aphrodisiac	O
'	O
on	O
the	O
label	O
,	O
/	O
To	O
tempt	O
men	O
wandering	O
among	O
back	O
street	O
red	O
lights	O
.	O
/	O
The	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
of	O
our	O
fairytales	O
is	O
dead	O
;	O
/	O
We	O
Paiwan	B-NORP
worshipped	O
its	O
eggs	O
as	O
our	O
ancestors	O
,	O
/	O
But	O
now	O
they	O
've	O
put	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
medicine	O
jar	O
/	O
As	O
a	O
tool	O
to	O
excite	O
urban	O
lust	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
human	O
tradition	O
of	O
eating	O
snakes	O
and	O
using	O
snakes	O
for	O
medicinal	O
purposes	O
goes	O
back	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
.	O


In	O
subtropical	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
its	O
many	O
native	O
snakes	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
once	O
snake	O
research	O
institutes	O
and	O
snake	O
shops	O
everywhere	O
,	O
and	O
people	O
made	O
use	O
of	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
snake	O
products	O
-	O
snake	O
meat	O
,	O
snake	O
blood	O
,	O
snake	O
penis	O
,	O
snake	O
skin	O
,	O
and	O
snake	O
venom	O
.	O


The	O
notions	O
that	O
one	O
can	O
best	O
"	O
fight	O
poison	O
with	O
poison	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
more	O
powerful	O
a	O
poison	O
,	O
the	O
greater	O
its	O
tonic	O
effect	O
,	O
have	O
long	O
made	O
poisonous	O
snakes	O
into	O
highly	O
valued	O
natural	O
products	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
in	O
five	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
50	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
odd	I-CARDINAL
species	O
of	O
land	O
snakes	O
are	O
poisonous	O
.	O


The	O
five	B-CARDINAL
best	O
known	O
and	O
most	O
frequently	O
exploited	O
are	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
habu	O
-LRB-	O
Trimeresurus	O
mucrosquamatus	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
cobra	O
-LRB-	O
Naja	O
naja	O
atra	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
green	O
tree	O
viper	O
-LRB-	O
Trimeresurus	O
stejnegeri	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
banded	O
krait	O
-LRB-	O
Bungarus	O
multicinctus	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pace	O
viper	O
-LRB-	O
Deinagkistrodon	O
acutus	O
,	O
aka	O
the	O
sharp	O
-	O
nosed	O
pit	O
viper	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
venomous	O
snakes	O
live	O
in	O
low	O
-	O
altitude	O
farmland	O
and	O
sparsely	O
populated	O
countryside	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pace	O
viper	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
never	O
very	O
numerous	O
,	O
is	O
at	O
home	O
in	O
densely	O
forested	O
areas	O
at	O
low	O
to	O
medium	O
elevations	O
in	O
the	O
mountains	O
of	O
eastern	O
,	O
central	O
and	O
southern	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
grows	O
to	O
one	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
and	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
a	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
half	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
or	O
more	O
-	O
much	O
the	O
same	O
length	O
as	O
the	O
habu	O
and	O
cobra	O
-	O
but	O
being	O
far	O
thicker	O
and	O
meatier	O
it	O
is	O
much	O
valued	O
by	O
gourmands	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
snake	O
is	O
also	O
sought	O
after	O
for	O
its	O
venom	O
,	O
it	O
commands	O
tremendously	O
high	O
prices	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
report	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
A	I-WORK_OF_ART
Survey	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Commercial	I-WORK_OF_ART
Exploitation	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hunting	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Taiwanese	I-WORK_OF_ART
Snakes	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
by	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ching	I-PERSON
of	O
Taipei	B-ORG
Zoo	I-ORG
,	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pace	O
vipers	O
sell	O
for	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
other	O
poisonous	O
snakes	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
been	O
known	O
to	O
fetch	O
upward	O
of	O
NT$	O
10,000	B-MONEY
per	O
catty	O
-LRB-	B-QUANTITY
600	I-QUANTITY
grams	I-QUANTITY
-RRB-	I-QUANTITY
.	O


During	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
period	O
under	O
Japanese	B-NORP
rule	O
,	O
injuries	O
caused	O
by	O
poisonous	O
snakes	O
were	O
a	O
frequent	O
occurrence	O
,	O
so	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1930s	I-DATE
Tu	B-PERSON
Tsung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ming	I-PERSON
of	O
Taihoku	B-ORG
Imperial	I-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
later	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
College	I-ORG
began	O
studying	O
poisonous	O
snakes	O
,	O
and	O
started	O
a	O
trend	O
of	O
research	O
into	O
snake	O
venom	O
antiserums	O
.	O


Snake	O
venoms	O
contain	O
complex	O
combinations	O
of	O
enzymes	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
being	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
snakebite	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
developing	O
many	O
new	O
medical	O
drugs	O
such	O
as	O
anticoagulants	O
and	O
anesthetics	O
.	O


But	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
complexity	O
,	O
snake	O
venoms	O
are	O
not	O
easily	O
synthesized	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
milked	O
directly	O
from	O
snakes	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
medical	O
records	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pace	O
viper	O
caused	O
more	O
deaths	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
snake	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
became	O
an	O
important	O
research	O
topic	O
.	O


Lavuras	B-PERSON
recalls	O
that	O
the	O
largest	O
numbers	O
of	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pace	O
vipers	O
were	O
caught	O
in	O
the	O
period	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
1960s	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
the	O
fingers	O
of	O
development	O
pushed	O
up	O
into	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
mountains	O
and	O
forests	O
,	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacers	O
were	O
forced	O
into	O
retreat	O
everywhere	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
1989	B-DATE
the	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Agriculture	I-ORG
put	O
the	O
snake	O
on	O
the	O
endangered	O
species	O
list	O
.	O


The	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
only	O
snake	O
species	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Cultural	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
list	O
of	O
23	B-CARDINAL
rare	O
cultural	O
resources	O
.	O


Since	O
then	O
the	O
popular	O
custom	O
of	O
eating	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacers	O
has	O
gradually	O
declined	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
1999	B-DATE
the	O
number	O
of	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacers	O
which	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
's	O
Center	B-ORG
for	I-ORG
Disease	I-ORG
Control	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
CDC	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
applied	O
to	O
have	O
caught	O
to	O
make	O
antiserum	O
had	O
also	O
fallen	O
to	O
30	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Regal	O
style	O


But	O
is	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
really	O
the	O
most	O
fearsome	O
cold	O
-	O
blooded	O
killer	O
of	O
all	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
poisonous	O
snakes	O
?	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Tsun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuan	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
section	O
chief	O
at	O
the	O
CDC	B-ORG
,	O
states	O
that	O
among	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
top	O
five	B-CARDINAL
"	O
poisonous	O
snakes	O
,	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
in	O
fact	O
has	O
the	O
weakest	O
venom	O
.	O


But	O
its	O
fangs	O
are	O
especially	O
long	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
secretes	O
the	O
largest	O
quantity	O
of	O
venom	O
of	O
any	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
snake	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
lives	O
in	O
the	O
dark	O
depths	O
of	O
the	O
dense	O
jungle	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
numbers	O
are	O
relatively	O
small	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
does	O
it	O
take	O
a	O
goodly	O
portion	O
of	O
luck	O
for	O
a	O
snake	O
hunter	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
-	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
unfortunate	O
enough	O
to	O
be	O
bitten	O
by	O
one	O
is	O
also	O
very	O
small	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
mountain	O
lover	O
who	O
often	O
encounters	O
snakes	O
on	O
his	O
hiking	O
expeditions	O
describes	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
as	O
"	O
cool	O
,	O
calm	O
and	O
collected	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
kept	O
or	O
observed	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacers	O
also	O
say	O
they	O
"	O
do	O
n't	O
lash	O
out	O
blindly	O
.	O
"	O


Hu	B-PERSON
Tai	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
li	I-PERSON
describes	O
them	O
as	O
"	O
really	O
the	O
chieftain	O
among	O
snakes	O
-	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
serene	O
,	O
tolerant	O
nature	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
not	O
apt	O
to	O
attack	O
people	O
wantonly	O
.	O
"	O


Perhaps	O
it	O
is	O
because	O
of	O
this	O
regal	O
temperament	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
revered	O
as	O
ancestral	O
spirits	O
by	O
the	O
Paiwan	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
viper	O
family	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
last	O
of	O
the	O
snake	O
families	O
to	O
evolve	O
.	O


Unlike	O
the	O
more	O
primitive	O
pythons	O
and	O
blind	O
snakes	O
,	O
the	O
vipers	O
all	O
have	O
venom	O
glands	O
.	O


Professor	O
Tu	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chang	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
biology	O
department	O
at	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
Normal	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
explains	O
that	O
snakes	O
evolved	O
from	O
hole	O
-	O
dwelling	O
animals	O
,	O
and	O
lacking	O
limbs	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
less	O
agile	O
than	O
most	O
quadrupeds	O
.	O


Their	O
vision	O
and	O
hearing	O
are	O
also	O
poor	O
.	O


Hence	O
their	O
poison	O
fangs	O
are	O
almost	O
the	O
only	O
tools	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
catch	O
food	O
and	O
defend	O
themselves	O
with	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Tu	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
research	O
students	O
have	O
gradually	O
researched	O
the	O
ecology	O
of	O
the	O
viper	O
species	O
Trimeresurus	O
gracilis	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
endemic	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
green	O
tree	O
viper	O
.	O


But	O
few	O
researchers	O
have	O
taken	O
an	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
,	O
which	O
lives	O
deep	O
in	O
the	O
forest	O
and	O
has	O
limited	O
distribution	O
.	O


Although	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
endangered	O
species	O
,	O
lack	O
of	O
detailed	O
information	O
about	O
such	O
things	O
as	O
its	O
reproductive	O
cycle	O
,	O
preferred	O
prey	O
,	O
range	O
of	O
activity	O
and	O
habits	O
turns	O
conservation	O
efforts	O
into	O
little	O
more	O
than	O
empty	O
talk	O
.	O


Cold	O
-	O
blooded	O
?	O


Not	O
me	O
!	O


It	O
was	O
only	O
when	O
Taipei	B-ORG
Zoo	I-ORG
began	O
a	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
breeding	O
program	O
that	O
people	O
had	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
true	O
face	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pace	O
vipers	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ching	I-PERSON
,	O
curator	O
of	O
the	O
zoo	O
's	O
rescue	O
center	O
for	O
amphibians	O
and	O
reptiles	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
before	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
there	O
were	O
six	B-CARDINAL
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacers	O
in	O
the	O
rescue	O
center	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
confiscated	O
from	O
a	O
snake	O
shop	O
in	O
Panchiao	B-GPE
.	O


Zoo	O
staff	O
felt	O
that	O
not	O
enough	O
was	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
snakes	O
'	O
habits	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
successfully	O
released	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
wild	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
have	O
some	O
substantive	O
educational	O
content	O
to	O
show	O
visitors	O
,	O
they	O
decided	O
to	O
start	O
a	O
breeding	O
program	O
.	O


"	O
Snake	O
Daddy	O
"	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ching	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
is	O
known	O
from	O
observation	O
of	O
snakes	O
in	O
the	O
wild	O
,	O
they	O
live	O
largely	O
solitary	O
lives	O
.	O


Their	O
sense	O
of	O
smell	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
means	O
of	O
communication	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
breeding	O
season	O
male	O
snakes	O
are	O
attracted	O
by	O
scents	O
released	O
by	O
the	O
females	O
.	O


In	O
late	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
1999	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
zoo	O
began	O
putting	O
the	O
male	O
and	O
female	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacers	O
together	O
in	O
pairs	O
,	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
pair	O
took	O
a	O
liking	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


The	O
male	O
gently	O
courted	O
the	O
female	O
by	O
licking	O
her	O
head	O
with	O
his	O
tongue	O
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
the	O
couple	O
were	O
inseparable	O
,	O
after	O
which	O
they	O
gradually	O
returned	O
to	O
their	O
solitary	O
lifestyles	O
.	O


In	O
February	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
female	O
snake	O
's	O
belly	O
gradually	O
began	O
to	O
swell	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
ultrasound	O
examination	O
confirmed	O
she	O
was	O
pregnant	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
after	O
she	O
laid	O
her	O
eggs	O
,	O
the	O
female	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
protected	O
them	O
vigorously	O
.	O


Not	O
daring	O
to	O
anger	O
her	O
,	O
the	O
zoo	O
staff	O
waited	O
for	O
her	O
maternal	O
instincts	O
to	O
subside	O
somewhat	O
before	O
removing	O
the	O
eggs	O
.	O


In	O
August	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
as	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
was	O
being	O
buffeted	O
by	O
a	O
typhoon	O
,	O
over	O
20	B-CARDINAL
eggs	O
hatched	O
out	O
into	O
tiny	O
snakes	O
,	O
which	O
the	O
zoo	O
hopes	O
can	O
grow	O
up	O
safe	O
and	O
sound	O
.	O


During	O
this	O
first	B-ORDINAL
breeding	O
session	O
,	O
for	O
fear	O
of	O
anything	O
going	O
wrong	O
with	O
the	O
pregnancy	O
the	O
zoo	O
staff	O
disturbed	O
the	O
mother	O
snake	O
as	O
little	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


But	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ching	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
next	O
time	O
around	O
they	O
will	O
gather	O
more	O
detailed	O
data	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
weighing	O
the	O
female	O
snake	O
every	O
week	O
,	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
record	O
of	O
the	O
breeding	O
process	O
.	O


Hear	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
's	O
voice	O


However	O
,	O
no	O
matter	O
how	O
many	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacers	O
we	O
can	O
see	O
at	O
the	O
zoo	O
on	O
future	O
visits	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
obvious	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
fully	O
understand	O
them	O
just	O
by	O
seeing	O
them	O
in	O
captivity	O
.	O


When	O
Lavuras	B-PERSON
mentioned	O
at	O
a	B-EVENT
Symposium	I-EVENT
on	I-EVENT
Amphibian	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
Reptile	I-EVENT
Ecology	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
Conservation	I-EVENT
held	O
by	O
Taipei	B-ORG
Zoo	I-ORG
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
that	O
the	O
Paiwan	B-NORP
used	O
their	O
nose	O
-	O
flutes	O
to	O
imitate	O
the	O
voice	O
of	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pace	O
viper	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
biologists	O
present	O
said	O
they	O
had	O
never	O
heard	O
a	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
make	O
a	O
sound	O
.	O


Lavuras	B-PERSON
asked	O
the	O
scholars	O
bluntly	O
where	O
they	O
had	O
seen	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacers	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
zoo	O
,	O
the	O
snakes	O
were	O
away	O
from	O
their	O
natural	O
environment	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
wild	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
great	O
environmental	O
changes	O
of	O
modern	O
times	O
the	O
snakes	O
might	O
have	O
been	O
"	O
struck	O
dumb	O
"	O
too	O
!	O


Whether	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacers	O
really	O
do	O
have	O
a	O
voice	O
is	O
an	O
unanswered	O
question	O
of	O
biology	O
.	O


But	O
perhaps	O
the	O
aborigines	O
'	O
open	O
attitude	O
toward	O
and	O
involvement	O
in	O
the	O
natural	O
world	O
,	O
as	O
revealed	O
in	O
their	O
legend	O
of	O
the	O
nose	O
flute	O
,	O
is	O
something	O
even	O
harder	O
to	O
imagine	O
for	O
modern	O
people	O
who	O
received	O
a	O
rationalist	O
education	O
and	O
operate	O
in	O
a	O
mechanized	O
culture	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
in	O
this	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
the	I-EVENT
Snake	I-EVENT
,	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
,	O
just	O
like	O
the	O
Paiwan	B-NORP
people	O
who	O
also	O
still	O
live	O
in	O
close	O
communion	O
with	O
nature	O
,	O
is	O
singing	O
us	O
some	O
long	O
-	O
forgotten	O
songs	O
of	O
life	O
-	O
if	O
only	O
you	O
are	O
willing	O
to	O
listen	O
with	O
your	O
soul	O
.	O


p.	O
88	B-CARDINAL


King	O
of	O
the	O
snakes	O
-	O
resplendent	O
in	O
its	O
pattern	O
of	O
black	O
and	O
brown	O
triangles	O
,	O
the	O
spirited	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pace	O
viper	O
raises	O
its	O
head	O
alertly	O
when	O
disturbed	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ching	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
89	B-CARDINAL


The	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
is	O
the	O
guardian	O
spirit	O
of	O
the	O
Paiwan	B-NORP
aborigines	O
,	O
who	O
live	O
around	O
southern	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
Mt.	B-LOC
Tawu	I-LOC
.	O


Striking	O
images	O
of	O
the	O
snake	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
everywhere	O
-	O
in	O
carvings	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
clothing	O
and	O
everyday	O
items	O
such	O
as	O
knife	O
sheaths	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Pu	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
.	O


p.	O
90	B-CARDINAL


The	B-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
Zoo	I-ORG
not	O
only	O
has	O
cute	O
-	O
looking	O
animals	O
from	O
overseas	O
such	O
as	O
king	O
penguins	O
and	O
wallabies	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
zoo	O
's	O
rescue	O
center	O
for	O
amphibians	O
and	O
reptiles	O
,	O
curator	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ching	I-PERSON
has	O
created	O
a	O
"	O
bridal	O
suite	O
"	O
for	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pace	O
vipers	O
.	O


Pictured	O
opposite	O
are	O
baby	O
vipers	O
which	O
hatched	O
out	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
92	B-CARDINAL


Young	O
Paiwan	B-NORP
,	O
dressed	O
for	O
the	O
dance	O
in	O
clothes	O
decorated	O
with	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
-	O
pacer	O
patterns	O
symbolic	O
of	O
their	O
tribe	O
.	O


Their	O
faces	O
reveal	O
a	O
moving	O
strength	O
and	O
mettle	O
drawn	O
from	O
nature	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Pu	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Rising	O
Tide	O


-LRB-	O
Chuang	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Taylor	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
currently	O
being	O
gripped	O
by	O
a	O
wave	O
of	O
nostalgia	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
film	O
In	B-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Mood	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	I-WORK_OF_ART
Love	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
starring	O
Maggie	B-PERSON
Cheung	I-PERSON
and	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Leung	I-PERSON
,	O
shows	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
1960s	I-DATE
,	O
what	O
Ko	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
book	O
Rising	B-WORK_OF_ART
Tide	I-WORK_OF_ART
reveals	O
is	O
a	O
story	O
of	O
old	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
author	O
's	O
little	O
-	O
known	O
tragic	O
and	O
difficult	O
childhood	O
.	O


For	O
old	O
Taipei	B-GPE
folk	O
in	O
their	O
50s	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
60s	I-DATE
,	O
perhaps	O
Ko	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Rising	B-WORK_OF_ART
Tide	I-WORK_OF_ART
can	O
help	O
them	O
rediscover	O
the	O
feel	O
of	O
that	O
age	O
which	O
was	O
theirs	O
.	O


And	O
for	O
younger	O
readers	O
,	O
reading	O
the	O
book	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
journey	O
into	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


Incredible	O
!	O


This	O
elegant	O
gent	O
before	O
me	O
,	O
dressed	O
in	O
a	O
silk	O
shirt	O
and	O
a	O
dark	O
brown	O
woolen	O
suit	O
with	O
a	O
light	O
,	O
fine	O
check	O
pattern	O
,	O
savoring	O
his	O
coffee	O
and	O
chatting	O
about	O
French	B-NORP
films	O
,	O
this	O
classical	O
music	O
lover	O
with	O
a	O
penchant	O
for	O
refined	O
European	B-NORP
life	O
,	O
looks	O
utterly	O
the	O
product	O
of	O
a	O
comfortable	O
,	O
happy	O
upbringing	O
.	O


Who	O
would	O
have	O
thought	O
that	O
a	O
stream	O
of	O
bitterly	O
painful	O
childhood	O
memories	O
would	O
flood	O
through	O
his	O
book	O
-	O
memories	O
that	O
came	O
as	O
a	O
complete	O
surprise	O
even	O
to	O
friends	O
who	O
know	O
him	O
well	O
.	O


Author	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Ting	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chun	I-PERSON
writes	O
in	O
his	O
review	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Tide	I-WORK_OF_ART
Comes	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	I-WORK_OF_ART
Ko	I-WORK_OF_ART
Ching	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
hua	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	O
"	O
I	O
have	O
known	O
Ko	B-PERSON
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
I	O
was	O
quite	O
unaware	O
of	O
the	O
difficulties	O
of	O
his	O
youth	O
.	O


Looking	O
back	O
at	O
his	O
easygoing	O
,	O
elegant	O
style	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
nothing	O
about	O
him	O
to	O
suggest	O
he	O
had	O
ever	O
endured	O
hardship	O
.	O
"	O


Essayist	O
Pan	B-PERSON
Jen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
mu	I-PERSON
,	O
however	O
,	O
has	O
a	O
much	O
more	O
emotional	O
response	O
:	O


"	O
Reading	O
Rising	B-WORK_OF_ART
Tide	I-WORK_OF_ART
reduced	O
me	O
to	O
tears	O
!	O


For	O
he	O
has	O
expressed	O
all	O
the	O
distress	O
and	O
privations	O
of	O
our	O
youth	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
images	O
revealed	O
in	O
Rising	B-WORK_OF_ART
Tide	I-WORK_OF_ART
are	O
many	O
-	O
faceted	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
the	O
joys	O
and	O
sorrows	O
of	O
the	O
author	O
's	O
childhood	O
and	O
teenage	O
years	O
;	O
there	O
are	O
the	O
twists	O
and	O
turns	O
of	O
his	O
love	O
,	O
marriage	O
and	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
excursions	O
into	O
the	O
literary	O
world	O
;	O
there	O
is	O
the	O
nostalgia	O
of	O
an	O
old	O
Taipei	B-GPE
resident	O
for	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
past	O
;	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
beautiful	O
story	O
of	O
a	O
literary	O
gardener	O
tilling	O
the	O
soil	O
of	O
his	O
dreams	O
.	O


Ko	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
whose	O
close	O
friends	O
call	O
him	O
"	B-PERSON
Old	I-PERSON
K	I-PERSON
"	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
can	O
be	O
called	O
the	O
doyen	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
literary	O
world	O
.	O


His	O
ancestral	O
home	O
was	O
in	O
Yongjia	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Zhejiang	I-GPE
Province	I-GPE
.	O


Born	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
in	O
1937	B-DATE
,	O
at	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
seven	B-DATE
he	O
was	O
taken	O
by	O
his	O
parents	O
to	O
Kunshan	B-GPE
in	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
to	O
be	O
looked	O
after	O
by	O
a	O
family	O
named	O
Gu	B-PERSON
.	O


They	O
were	O
rice	O
farmers	O
,	O
and	O
young	O
Ko	B-PERSON
had	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
fields	O
,	O
planting	O
rice	O
seedlings	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
was	O
ten	O
,	O
his	O
father	O
brought	O
him	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
via	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
.	O


After	O
they	O
disembarked	O
at	O
Keelung	B-GPE
,	O
Ko	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON
wept	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
as	O
they	O
walked	O
from	O
the	O
pier	O
,	O
past	O
Jen	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
ai	I-FAC
Road	I-FAC
and	O
to	O
their	O
home	O
in	O
Ningpo	B-FAC
West	I-FAC
Street	I-FAC
.	O


It	O
was	O
only	O
when	O
he	O
heard	O
the	O
sound	O
of	O
Peking	B-NORP
opera	O
singing	O
coming	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
square	O
wooden	O
box	O
that	O
he	O
stopped	O
crying	O
and	O
asked	O
in	O
bewilderment	O
,	O
"	O
Is	O
there	O
someone	O
in	O
the	O
box	O
?	O
"	O


This	O
moment	O
of	O
childish	O
wonder	O
raised	O
the	O
curtain	O
on	O
the	O
drama	O
of	O
his	O
life	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
poor	O
fear	O
moving	O
house	O


However	O
,	O
he	O
never	O
imagined	O
that	O
the	O
role	O
he	O
was	O
called	O
upon	O
to	O
play	O
would	O
be	O
so	O
lonely	O
and	O
dismal	O
.	O


Recalling	O
this	O
time	O
so	B-DATE
many	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
still	O
feels	O
pangs	O
of	O
nostalgia	O
for	O
his	O
parents	O
,	O
despite	O
their	O
ill	O
-	O
treatment	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


His	O
mother	O
and	O
father	O
did	O
not	O
get	O
on	O
well	O
together	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
constant	O
arguments	O
they	O
finally	O
divorced	O
.	O


Destitute	O
,	O
the	O
family	O
split	O
up	O
and	O
went	O
their	O
separate	O
ways	O
.	O


Ko	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
father	O
Ko	B-PERSON
Hao	I-PERSON
was	O
a	O
graduate	O
of	O
the	O
foreign	O
languages	O
department	O
at	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
's	O
Zhijiang	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
taught	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
at	O
Taipei	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
Girls	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
High	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
in	O
Ko	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
eyes	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
nothing	O
but	O
a	O
spineless	O
,	O
gullible	O
fool	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
this	O
spineless	O
father	O
who	O
caused	O
Ko	B-PERSON
's	O
childhood	O
to	O
be	O
spent	O
in	O
constant	O
house	O
moving	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
book	O
,	O
Ko	B-PERSON
describes	O
his	O
feelings	O
during	O
that	O
time	O
thus	O
:	O
"	O
The	O
poor	O
fear	O
hunger	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
moving	O
house	O
.	O
"	O


Their	O
series	O
of	O
temporary	O
homes	O
even	O
included	O
an	O
air	O
raid	O
shelter	O
which	O
kept	O
out	O
neither	O
the	O
wind	O
nor	O
the	O
rain	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
not	O
fit	O
for	O
human	O
habitation	O
.	O


Apart	O
from	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
accommodation	O
which	O
blighted	O
Ko	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
childhood	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
teenager	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
do	O
jobs	O
like	O
selling	O
newspapers	O
and	O
delivering	O
coal	O
briquettes	O
to	O
earn	O
his	O
school	O
fees	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
could	O
finish	O
his	O
schooling	O
.	O


Ko	B-PERSON
sums	O
up	O
the	O
poverty	O
which	O
so	O
often	O
made	O
him	O
uncertain	O
where	O
his	O
next	O
meal	O
was	O
coming	O
from	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
simple	O
words	O
:	O
"	O
Hunger	O
is	O
a	O
beast	O
with	O
a	O
painful	O
bite	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
what	O
anguish	O
lies	O
behind	O
those	O
words	O
!	O


Ko	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
status	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
publishing	O
business	O
goes	O
without	O
saying	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
25	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
since	O
he	O
set	O
up	O
Elite	B-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
specializes	O
completely	O
in	O
works	O
of	O
literature	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
published	O
many	O
influential	O
books	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Ting	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chun	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Open	B-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
Chi	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Dreaming	B-WORK_OF_ART
with	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
Book	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
Pillow	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	O
Chang	B-PERSON
To	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wu	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Horses	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Foot	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Soldiers	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
Yu	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yu	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
A	B-WORK_OF_ART
Bitter	I-WORK_OF_ART
Cultural	I-WORK_OF_ART
Journey	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Ko	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
spent	O
his	O
career	O
publishing	O
other	O
people	O
's	O
books	O
,	O
had	O
no	O
idea	O
that	O
when	O
he	O
wrote	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
his	O
own	O
childhood	O
it	O
would	O
elicit	O
such	O
a	O
broad	O
response	O
among	O
readers	O
and	O
literature	O
lovers	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
cheerfully	O
:	O
"	O
I	O
've	O
made	O
others	O
weep	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
've	O
made	O
myself	O
laugh	O
.	O
"	O


Writing	O
the	O
book	O
was	O
a	O
cathartic	O
experience	O
which	O
wiped	O
away	O
the	O
sense	O
of	O
inferiority	O
,	O
the	O
loneliness	O
and	O
the	O
desolation	O
he	O
experienced	O
as	O
a	O
child	O
,	O
so	O
once	O
the	O
book	O
was	O
finished	O
his	O
mood	O
was	O
relaxed	O
and	O
happy	O
.	O


No	O
wonder	O
Ko	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
is	O
now	O
the	O
happiest	O
of	O
men	O
in	O
an	O
unhappy	O
environment	O
.	O


Walking	O
amid	O
the	O
hubbub	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
,	O
on	O
streets	O
filled	O
with	O
people	O
and	O
traffic	O
,	O
Ko	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
nan	I-FAC
Street	I-FAC
,	O
Shanghai	B-FAC
Road	I-FAC
,	O
the	B-FAC
Tri-Service	I-FAC
Stadium	I-FAC
and	O
the	B-FAC
Star	I-FAC
Cafe	I-FAC
have	O
long	O
since	O
drifted	O
away	O
like	O
the	O
sound	O
of	O
Ko	B-PERSON
Lan	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
mambo	O
song	O
.	O


Once	O
-	O
familiar	O
scenes	O
are	O
gone	O
with	O
the	O
wind	O
,	O
leaving	O
old	O
Taipei	B-GPE
resident	O
Ko	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON
somewhat	O
forlorn	O
.	O


Ko	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
likens	O
himself	O
to	O
a	O
peasant	O
in	O
an	O
industrial	O
society	O
,	O
has	O
always	O
insisted	O
on	O
publishing	O
high	O
-	O
quality	O
literature	O
for	O
the	O
common	O
man	O
.	O


Speaking	O
of	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
with	O
a	O
smile	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
planning	O
a	O
long	O
novel	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
surely	O
something	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
who	O
love	O
Ko	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
writing	O
to	O
look	O
forward	O
to	O
.	O


p.	O
104	B-CARDINAL


Title	O
:	O
Rising	B-WORK_OF_ART
Tide	I-WORK_OF_ART


Author	O
:	O
Ko	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON


Publishers	O
:	O
Elite	B-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG


Published	O
November	B-DATE
2000	I-DATE


Price	O
:	O
NT$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY


p.	O
105	B-CARDINAL


No	O
matter	O
how	O
the	O
world	O
about	O
him	O
changes	O
,	O
Ko	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON
perseveres	O
in	O
tilling	O
the	O
soil	O
of	O
his	O
literary	O
garden	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Diago	B-PERSON
Chiu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


In	O
the	O
Groove	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
a	O
Rut	O
?	O


-	O
Life	O
in	O
Middle	O
Age	O


-LRB-	O
Laura	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Taylor	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Middle	O
age	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
awkward	O
time	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
age	O
when	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
to	O
sleep	O
till	O
dawn	O
.	O


The	O
age	O
of	O
sighs	O
but	O
not	O
passion	O
.	O


The	O
age	O
of	O
sorrow	O
but	O
not	O
anger	O
.	O


In	O
middle	O
age	O
,	O
you	O
kiss	O
girls	O
on	O
the	O
forehead	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
lips	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
age	O
when	O
you	O
drink	O
strong	O
coffee	O
and	O
take	O
stomach	O
pills	O
.	O


The	O
age	O
when	O
the	O
phrase	O
"	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
escape	O
convention	O
"	O
says	O
it	O
all	O
.	O


Middle	O
age	O
is	O
afternoon	B-TIME
tea	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
From	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Middle	I-WORK_OF_ART
Age	I-WORK_OF_ART
Is	I-WORK_OF_ART
Afternoon	I-WORK_OF_ART
Tea	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
by	O
Tung	B-PERSON
Chiao	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


"	O
Middle	O
age	O
is	O
the	O
afternoon	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
say	O
I	O
have	O
much	O
time	O
to	O
drink	O
tea	O
!	O
"	O


Sitting	O
in	O
the	O
silence	O
of	O
his	O
research	O
office	O
,	O
Professor	O
Li	B-PERSON
Liang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
che	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
psychology	O
department	O
at	O
National	B-ORG
Chengchi	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
appears	O
pensive	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
passing	O
40	B-DATE
is	O
like	O
passing	O
noon	O
.	O


You	O
miss	O
the	O
fresh	O
,	O
pure	O
,	O
carefree	O
feeling	O
of	O
morning	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
arrogance	O
of	O
noon	O
,	O
yet	O
also	O
yearn	O
for	O
the	O
serene	O
splendor	O
of	O
the	O
sunset	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
only	O
now	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
afternoon	O
,	O
that	O
worries	O
crowd	O
in	O
,	O
and	O
try	O
as	O
you	O
might	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
raise	O
your	O
flagging	O
spirits	O
.	O


Worries	O
,	O
ennui	O
-	O
is	O
this	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
that	O
fashionable	O
disease	O
of	O
civilization	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
midlife	O
crisis	O
"	O
?	O


"	O
If	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
crisis	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
happen	O
during	O
the	O
"	O
midlife	O
transition	O
,	O
"	O
from	O
40	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
45	I-DATE
,	O
"	O
says	O
Li	B-PERSON
.	O


In	O
people	O
of	O
a	O
melancholy	O
and	O
sensitive	O
disposition	O
,	O
or	O
who	O
have	O
faced	O
many	O
setbacks	O
early	O
in	O
life	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
even	O
set	O
in	O
around	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
35	B-DATE
.	O


"	O
In	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
35	B-DATE
is	O
the	O
maximum	O
age	O
for	O
being	O
in	O
a	O
fraternity	O
,	O
"	O
jokes	O
National	B-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
Normal	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
audiovisual	O
center	O
director	O
Chao	B-PERSON
Ning	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
wunderkind	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
broadcasting	O
world	O
.	O


After	O
that	O
,	O
your	O
moods	O
begin	O
to	O
seesaw	O
between	O
those	O
of	O
"	O
youth	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
middle	O
age	O
.	O
"	O


You	O
are	O
perfectly	O
sure	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
in	O
as	O
good	O
form	O
as	O
ever	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
not	O
even	O
reached	O
your	O
peak	O
yet	O
,	O
but	O
looking	O
at	O
all	O
those	O
talented	O
youngsters	O
around	O
you	O
,	O
they	O
seem	O
even	O
more	O
outstanding	O
than	O
yourself	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
like	O
tomorrow	O
's	O
rising	O
stars	O
.	O


A	O
vexing	O
feeling	O
of	O
being	O
pushed	O
along	O
by	O
the	O
years	O
gradually	O
builds	O
up	O
,	O
until	O
one	O
day	O
you	O
find	O
yourself	O
high	O
and	O
dry	O
on	O
the	O
shoals	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


Middle	O
age	O
creeps	O
up	O
on	O
you	O


"	O
The	O
new	O
waves	O
on	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
push	O
the	O
old	O
waves	O
along	O
"	O
-	O
i.e.	O
each	O
generation	O
outdoes	O
the	O
last	O
-	O
and	O
in	O
an	O
age	O
of	O
rapid	O
change	O
,	O
the	O
sense	O
of	O
crisis	O
this	O
induces	O
in	O
the	O
older	O
generations	O
is	O
amplified	O
.	O


A	O
Mrs.	O
Wei	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
chose	O
to	O
leave	O
her	O
job	O
as	O
a	O
bookkeeper	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
because	O
of	O
an	O
unexpected	O
pregnancy	O
,	O
thought	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
that	O
with	O
her	O
ability	O
,	O
experience	O
and	O
contacts	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
hard	O
for	O
her	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
new	O
job	O
once	O
her	O
child	O
started	O
primary	O
school	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
her	O
return	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
work	O
draws	O
ever	O
nearer	O
,	O
she	O
feels	O
a	O
growing	O
sense	O
of	O
panic	O
.	O


"	O
Most	O
of	O
my	O
old	O
colleagues	O
have	O
left	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
few	O
I	O
'm	O
still	O
in	O
touch	O
with	O
talk	O
about	O
nothing	O
but	O
things	O
like	O
Excel	B-PRODUCT
spreadsheets	O
that	O
I	O
know	O
nothing	O
about	O
!	O
"	O


Mrs.	O
Wei	B-PERSON
has	O
hinted	O
a	O
few	O
times	O
to	O
her	O
husband	O
that	O
she	O
should	O
just	O
stay	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
concentrate	O
on	O
looking	O
after	O
the	O
children	O
.	O


But	O
thinking	O
of	O
her	O
husband	O
's	O
grim	O
expression	O
whenever	O
he	O
gives	O
her	O
the	O
housekeeping	O
money	O
,	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
dare	O
to	O
say	O
it	O
plainly	O
.	O


In	O
today	O
's	O
society	O
,	O
youth	O
is	O
beauty	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
trying	O
to	O
show	O
he	O
was	O
not	O
out	O
of	O
touch	O
with	O
youth	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Chou	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
45	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
boss	O
of	O
a	O
computer	O
components	O
company	O
,	O
had	O
an	O
experience	O
which	O
left	O
him	O
not	O
knowing	O
whether	O
to	O
laugh	O
or	O
cry	O
.	O


He	O
arranged	O
with	O
his	O
young	O
employees	O
to	O
go	O
for	O
a	O
barbecue	O
in	O
a	O
river	O
valley	O
,	O
hoping	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
know	O
them	O
better	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
they	O
arrived	O
there	O
,	O
the	O
workers	O
formed	O
their	O
own	O
groups	O
,	O
laughing	O
and	O
clowning	O
around	O
,	O
and	O
left	O
him	O
to	O
get	O
on	O
with	O
barbecuing	O
the	O
meat	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
was	O
done	O
-	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
drenched	O
in	O
sweat	O
-	O
the	O
young	O
people	O
,	O
attracted	O
by	O
the	O
aroma	O
,	O
gathered	O
round	O
.	O


But	O
after	O
giving	O
him	O
a	O
few	O
words	O
of	O
praise	O
,	O
they	O
wolfed	O
down	O
the	O
food	O
and	O
scattered	O
again	O
immediately	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
even	O
exist	O
.	O


"	O
They	O
probably	O
thought	O
their	O
old	O
fogey	O
of	O
a	O
boss	O
had	O
just	O
come	O
to	O
wait	O
on	O
them	O
!	O
"	O


From	O
then	O
on	O
Mr.	O
Chou	B-PERSON
,	O
having	O
recognized	O
his	O
own	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
order	O
of	O
things	O
,	O
made	O
no	O
more	O
attempts	O
to	O
ingratiate	O
himself	O
with	O
his	O
young	O
employees	O
-	O
and	O
in	O
fact	O
felt	O
much	O
the	O
more	O
relaxed	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


More	O
crises	O
in	O
middle	O
age	O
?	O


"	O
By	O
middle	O
age	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
more	O
experience	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
sure	O
to	O
have	O
various	O
realizations	O
and	O
regrets	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Li	B-PERSON
Liang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
che	I-PERSON
.	O


Even	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
no	O
economic	O
worries	O
and	O
as	O
yet	O
no	O
health	O
problems	O
,	O
nonetheless	O
the	O
flowing	O
river	O
of	O
life	O
has	O
carried	O
away	O
your	O
youth	O
,	O
ideals	O
,	O
pure	O
love	O
and	O
even	O
your	O
loved	O
ones	O
,	O
and	O
left	O
you	O
with	O
many	O
wounds	O
you	O
are	O
loth	O
to	O
touch	O
and	O
regrets	O
you	O
are	O
loth	O
to	O
remember	O
.	O


The	O
sense	O
that	O
the	O
realization	O
of	O
past	O
mistakes	O
has	O
come	O
too	O
late	O
to	O
put	O
them	O
right	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
your	O
remaining	O
days	O
being	O
numbered	O
,	O
makes	O
you	O
feel	O
despondent	O
.	O


But	O
despondency	O
need	O
not	O
amount	O
to	O
a	O
"	O
crisis	O
.	O
"	O


According	O
to	O
overseas	O
research	O
,	O
although	O
people	O
have	O
more	O
worries	O
in	O
middle	O
age	O
,	O
only	O
around	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
have	O
emotional	O
difficulties	O
serious	O
enough	O
to	O
require	O
psychological	O
counseling	O
or	O
medication	O
.	O


Sociology	O
professor	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Ya	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ke	I-PERSON
of	O
National	B-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
who	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
an	O
ardent	O
supporter	O
of	O
feminism	O
and	O
recently	O
became	O
the	O
first	O
scholar	O
to	O
promote	O
"	O
male	O
studies	O
"	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
offers	O
the	O
following	O
analysis	O
:	O


The	O
real	O
reason	O
why	O
the	O
"	O
midlife	O
crisis	O
"	O
has	O
become	O
such	O
a	O
hot	O
topic	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
lies	O
with	O
the	O
75	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
"	O
baby	O
boomers	O
"	O
born	O
in	O
the	O
postwar	O
period	O
from	O
1946	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
1964	I-DATE
.	O


One	O
can	O
say	O
that	O
this	O
huge	O
generation	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
level	O
of	O
achievement	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
diverse	O
set	O
of	O
values	O
,	O
in	O
human	O
history	O
.	O


Since	O
they	O
gradually	O
began	O
to	O
enter	O
middle	O
age	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
,	O
they	O
have	O
produced	O
many	O
reminiscences	O
and	O
introspective	O
works	O
about	O
their	O
own	O
mental	O
and	O
spiritual	O
journey	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
elicited	O
a	O
strong	O
response	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
's	O
present	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
generation	O
have	O
metamorphosed	O
from	O
youthful	O
anti-war	O
protesters	O
and	O
hippies	O
into	O
yuppie	O
managers	O
of	O
multinational	O
corporations	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
idealists	O
into	O
materialists	O
.	O


The	O
tensions	O
and	O
trauma	O
of	O
that	O
transformation	O
cause	O
their	O
"	O
midlife	O
crisis	O
"	O
to	O
be	O
especially	O
complex	O
.	O


By	O
contrast	O
,	O
although	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
had	O
its	O
own	O
baby	O
boom	O
from	O
1951	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
1966	I-DATE
,	O
its	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
generation	O
have	O
not	O
had	O
the	O
same	O
life	O
experiences	O
,	O
so	O
while	O
they	O
too	O
have	O
their	O
midlife	O
crises	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
much	O
less	O
complex	O
.	O


Alice	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Family	I-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
,	O
suggests	O
that	O
"	O
change	O
"	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
better	O
term	O
than	O
"	O
crisis	O
"	O
for	O
the	O
mood	O
swings	O
and	O
difficulties	O
of	O
middle	O
age	O
.	O


Midlife	O
change	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
natural	O
process	O
in	O
the	O
journey	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
people	O
grow	O
older	O
and	O
have	O
to	O
shoulder	O
ever	O
heavier	O
responsibilities	O
,	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
pressures	O
large	O
and	O
small	O
appear	O
together	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
says	O
Lu	B-PERSON
,	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
people	O
are	O
the	O
meat	O
in	O
a	O
generational	O
sandwich	O
.	O


Their	O
aging	O
parents	O
increasingly	O
need	O
care	O
,	O
while	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
their	O
teenage	O
children	O
are	O
at	O
their	O
most	O
rebellious	O
.	O


Other	O
elements	O
in	O
their	O
lives	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
their	O
job	O
or	O
marriage	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
in	O
existence	O
for	O
ten	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
;	O
the	O
sparkle	O
is	O
gone	O
,	O
yet	O
they	O
have	O
invested	O
too	O
much	O
to	O
just	O
walk	O
away	O
from	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
again	O
,	O
turning	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
themselves	O
,	O
gray	O
hairs	O
are	O
sprouting	O
from	O
their	O
temples	O
and	O
crows	O
'	O
feet	O
appearing	O
at	O
the	O
corners	O
of	O
their	O
eyes	O
,	O
their	O
jowls	O
are	O
sagging	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
thick	O
,	O
solid	O
chest	O
muscles	O
of	O
their	O
youth	O
have	O
somehow	O
migrated	O
down	O
to	O
their	O
bellies	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
take	O
their	O
sons	O
out	O
for	O
some	O
exercise	O
,	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
have	O
the	O
strength	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
single	O
pull	O
-	O
up	O
!	O


Midlife	O
brings	O
many	O
uncertainties	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
it	O
comes	O
in	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
dramatic	O
social	O
change	O
when	O
many	O
role	O
models	O
are	O
being	O
completely	O
rewritten	O
,	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
people	O
may	O
be	O
left	O
even	O
more	O
at	O
a	O
loss	O
.	O


Life	O
is	O
long	O
,	O
the	O
future	O
bleak	O


Li	B-PERSON
Liang	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
che	I-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
firstly	O
,	O
life	O
expectancy	O
has	O
rapidly	O
increased	O
.	O


In	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
average	O
life	O
expectancy	O
has	O
risen	O
steadily	O
from	O
55	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
1951	B-DATE
to	O
75	B-DATE
today	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
journey	O
of	O
life	O
lengthens	O
,	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
people	O
become	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
confused	O
about	O
their	O
status	O
in	O
life	O
.	O


A	O
Mr.	O
Chang	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
lives	O
in	O
Hualien	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
now	O
58	B-DATE
,	O
nearing	O
the	O
upper	O
end	O
of	O
middle	O
age	O
.	O


He	O
recalls	O
that	O
when	O
he	O
saw	O
his	O
parents	O
at	O
age	O
60	B-DATE
he	O
thought	O
they	O
were	O
"	O
ever	O
so	O
old	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
they	O
seemed	O
quite	O
content	O
to	O
dandle	O
their	O
grandchildren	O
,	O
oblivious	O
to	O
the	O
affairs	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
approaching	O
the	O
same	O
age	O
himself	O
,	O
he	O
feels	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
yet	O
qualified	O
to	O
call	O
himself	O
old	O
,	O
and	O
still	O
less	O
to	O
speak	O
lightly	O
of	O
retiring	O
.	O


"	O
We	O
're	O
living	O
longer	O
,	O
but	O
life	O
is	O
more	O
tiring	O
!	O
"	O


He	O
asks	O
,	O
only	O
half	O
in	O
jest	O
:	O
How	O
come	O
nowadays	O
middle	O
age	O
seems	O
to	O
drag	O
on	O
forever	O
?	O


With	O
longer	O
lifespans	O
and	O
less	O
rigid	O
social	O
values	O
,	O
patterns	O
of	O
living	O
once	O
shared	O
by	O
all	O
have	O
been	O
replaced	O
by	O
a	O
growing	O
diversity	O
of	O
individual	O
experiences	O
.	O


In	O
middle	O
age	O
,	O
some	O
people	O
set	O
up	O
successful	O
businesses	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
lose	O
their	O
jobs	O
and	O
are	O
faced	O
with	O
poverty	O
;	O
working	O
women	O
find	O
themselves	O
squeezed	O
between	O
the	O
exhausting	O
demands	O
of	O
children	O
and	O
housework	O
on	O
the	O
one	O
hand	O
and	O
their	O
jobs	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
,	O
while	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
many	O
single	O
women	O
face	O
a	O
daily	O
battle	O
with	O
loneliness	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
50	B-PERSON
,	O
some	O
people	O
already	O
have	O
grandchildren	O
at	O
their	O
knee	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
are	O
getting	O
married	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O


With	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
people	O
remaining	O
single	O
,	O
rising	O
divorce	O
rates	O
,	O
growing	O
numbers	O
of	O
unmarried	O
mothers	O
,	O
increasing	O
occurrence	O
of	O
infertility	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
families	O
where	O
husband	O
and	O
wife	O
live	O
in	O
different	O
cities	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
-	O
as	O
for	O
many	O
expatriate	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
business	O
people	O
-	O
in	O
different	O
countries	O
,	O
many	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
people	O
's	O
carefully	O
laid	O
life	O
plans	O
have	O
suddenly	O
come	O
to	O
nothing	O
.	O


Hospital	O
worker	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Mei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lun	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
not	O
her	O
real	O
name	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
lives	O
in	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
with	O
her	O
two	B-CARDINAL
children	O
.	O


Her	O
ex-husband	O
works	O
in	O
Tainan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
during	O
their	O
marriage	O
he	O
only	O
came	O
home	O
at	O
weekends	O
.	O


Early	O
last	O
year	O
a	O
late	O
-	O
night	O
phone	O
call	O
shattered	O
the	O
peaceful	O
life	O
she	O
had	O
worked	O
so	O
hard	O
to	O
build	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
other	O
end	O
was	O
a	O
woman	O
who	O
venomously	O
demanded	O
that	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Mei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lun	I-PERSON
give	O
up	O
her	O
husband	O
,	O
or	O
she	O
would	O
bring	O
along	O
her	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
illegitimate	O
son	O
and	O
make	O
a	O
scene	O
at	O
the	O
hospital	O
!	O


The	O
unbearable	O
anguish	O
of	O
being	O


"	O
Actually	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
as	O
if	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
my	O
suspicions	O
all	O
those	O
years	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
never	O
thought	O
things	O
would	O
turn	O
out	O
so	O
awful	O
!	O


How	O
could	O
I	O
have	O
been	O
such	O
a	O
fool	O
?	O
"	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Mei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lun	I-PERSON
could	O
hardly	O
sleep	O
or	O
eat	O
.	O


By	O
day	O
she	O
dragged	O
herself	O
to	O
work	O
like	O
a	O
zombie	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
night	O
she	O
would	O
wake	O
with	O
a	O
start	O
,	O
her	O
heart	O
pounding	O
so	O
hard	O
she	O
could	O
n't	O
breathe	O
.	O


The	O
affair	O
finally	O
ended	O
in	O
divorce	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
upside	O
is	O
that	O
since	O
then	O
her	O
ex	O
has	O
actually	O
behaved	O
better	O
,	O
for	O
he	O
has	O
begun	O
to	O
commute	O
back	O
to	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
from	O
Tainan	B-GPE
every	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
much	O
more	O
patient	O
with	O
his	O
son	O
and	O
daughter	O
than	O
before	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
they	O
are	O
planning	O
to	O
remarry	O
,	O
but	O
Lin	B-PERSON
worries	O
that	O
once	O
her	O
husband	O
is	O
again	O
bound	O
by	O
the	O
chains	O
of	O
marriage	O
,	O
he	O
might	O
return	O
to	O
his	O
old	O
ways	O
.	O


"	O
Life	O
in	O
middle	O
age	O
is	O
like	O
trying	O
to	O
put	O
together	O
a	O
jigsaw	O
puzzle	O
in	O
a	O
gale	O
.	O


The	O
more	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
parts	O
you	O
've	O
already	O
assembled	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
disjointed	O
and	O
ugly	O
they	O
seem	O
;	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
parts	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
finish	O
that	O
you	O
long	O
for	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
you	O
know	O
there	O
's	O
precious	O
little	O
hope	O
you	O
'll	O
ever	O
get	O
them	O
done	O
.	O
"	O


Ms.	O
Lin	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
turned	O
40	B-DATE
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
says	O
with	O
an	O
air	O
of	O
resignation	O
that	O
if	O
a	O
gust	O
of	O
wind	O
blows	O
the	O
whole	O
puzzle	O
away	O
,	O
the	O
sense	O
of	O
dismay	O
and	O
panic	O
at	O
being	O
tricked	O
by	O
fate	O
can	O
drive	O
you	O
to	O
distraction	O
.	O


Lin	B-PERSON
Mei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lun	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
mother	O
often	O
comes	O
to	O
stay	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
has	O
done	O
much	O
to	O
lighten	O
the	O
burden	O
of	O
running	O
her	O
household	O
.	O


But	O
many	O
people	O
who	O
arrive	O
in	O
middle	O
age	O
without	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
a	O
family	O
can	O
only	O
try	O
to	O
weather	O
life	O
's	O
storms	O
alone	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
,	O
still	O
single	O
at	O
46	B-DATE
,	O
is	O
an	O
example	O
.	O


When	O
she	O
worked	O
as	O
a	O
PR	O
manager	O
for	O
foreign	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
and	O
Texas	B-ORG
Instruments	I-ORG
,	O
she	O
was	O
always	O
the	O
highly	O
effective	O
superwoman	O
.	O


But	O
she	O
realized	O
that	O
under	O
the	O
dual	O
pressure	O
of	O
her	O
need	O
for	O
career	O
success	O
and	O
her	O
unfulfilled	O
emotional	O
needs	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
approaching	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
psychological	O
collapse	O
.	O


Two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
she	O
became	O
seriously	O
depressed	O
.	O


At	O
night	O
she	O
would	O
toss	O
and	O
turn	O
in	O
bed	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
worry	O
that	O
lack	O
of	O
sleep	O
would	O
make	O
her	O
unable	O
to	O
get	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
and	O
would	O
affect	O
her	O
work	O
performance	O
made	O
her	O
even	O
less	O
able	O
to	O
sleep	O
.	O


Years	O
of	O
looking	O
at	O
a	O
computer	O
screen	O
was	O
causing	O
her	O
vision	O
to	O
deteriorate	O
rapidly	O
,	O
and	O
due	O
to	O
working	O
in	O
a	O
sealed	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
office	O
she	O
was	O
always	O
dogged	O
by	O
colds	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
every	O
day	O
she	O
felt	O
under	O
the	O
weather	O
.	O


Live	O
for	O
today	O


"	O
I	O
asked	O
myself	O
,	O
do	O
you	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
carry	O
on	O
like	O
this	O
?	O


What	O
matters	O
more	O
,	O
your	O
work	O
or	O
your	O
health	O
?	O
"	O


Ms.	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
had	O
accumulated	O
some	O
savings	O
during	O
her	O
many	O
years	O
at	O
work	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
after	O
she	O
resigned	O
her	O
job	O
she	O
could	O
not	O
help	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
panic	O
,	O
feeling	O
anxious	O
that	O
she	O
might	O
be	O
cast	O
out	O
by	O
society	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
fearing	O
the	O
accusing	O
looks	O
of	O
her	O
friends	O
and	O
family	O
.	O


But	O
gradually	O
she	O
began	O
to	O
learn	O
to	O
relax	O
and	O
let	O
go	O
.	O


"	O
Zhuangzi	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
life	O
is	O
toil	O
and	O
that	O
death	O
is	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
rest	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
all	O
that	O
.	O


It	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
that	O
way	O
!	O
"	O


After	O
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
Ms.	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
no	O
longer	O
put	O
herself	O
under	O
pressure	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
longer	O
got	O
worked	O
up	O
about	O
other	O
people	O
's	O
well	O
-	O
meaning	O
advice	O
.	O


Once	O
she	O
stopped	O
having	O
to	O
get	O
up	O
early	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
work	O
,	O
her	O
anxiety	O
about	O
insomnia	O
decreased	O
greatly	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
she	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
adjust	O
her	O
living	O
habits	O
according	O
to	O
her	O
own	O
needs	O
,	O
her	O
depression	O
cleared	O
up	O
by	O
itself	O
.	O


She	O
began	O
decorating	O
her	O
flat	O
,	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
gym	O
,	O
and	O
cooking	O
the	O
food	O
she	O
likes	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
just	O
sitting	O
lost	O
in	O
thought	O
,	O
enjoying	O
the	O
empty	O
spaces	O
in	O
life	O
.	O


In	O
particular	O
,	O
having	O
freed	O
herself	O
from	O
the	O
barren	O
existence	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
sexless	O
wage	O
slave	O
"	O
she	O
has	O
begun	O
to	O
liberate	O
her	O
emotional	O
side	O
and	O
enjoy	O
the	O
pleasure	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
woman	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
family	O
affection	O
and	O
affairs	O
of	O
the	O
heart	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
has	O
also	O
come	O
to	O
a	O
realization	O
.	O


"	O
My	O
mother	O
died	O
young	O
,	O
and	O
my	O
father	O
always	O
regarded	O
us	O
three	B-CARDINAL
children	O
as	O
bloodsuckers	O
,	O
and	O
never	O
showed	O
us	O
any	O
love	O
.	O
"	O


Because	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
left	O
home	O
early	O
to	O
live	O
independently	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
her	O
heart	O
,	O
her	O
desire	O
for	O
love	O
has	O
never	O
ceased	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
the	O
shadow	O
of	O
her	O
childhood	O
is	O
behind	O
the	O
setbacks	O
in	O
her	O
love	O
life	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
even	O
today	O
she	O
is	O
still	O
single	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
has	O
a	O
boyfriend	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
her	O
junior	O
.	O


"	O
We	O
do	O
n't	O
constrain	O
each	O
other	O
or	O
force	O
each	O
other	O
into	O
anything	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
only	O
together	O
when	O
we	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
year	O
before	O
last	O
when	O
her	O
father	O
was	O
dangerously	O
ill	O
,	O
he	O
constantly	O
rang	O
his	O
children	O
,	O
begging	O
for	O
their	O
love	O
,	O
which	O
aroused	O
both	O
her	O
sympathy	O
and	O
her	O
disgust	O
.	O


Having	O
seen	O
through	O
the	O
inconstancy	O
of	O
family	O
affection	O
and	O
romantic	O
attachments	O
,	O
she	O
swore	O
never	O
again	O
to	O
put	O
her	O
emotions	O
at	O
the	O
mercy	O
of	O
others	O
.	O


She	O
wants	O
to	O
live	O
truly	O
at	O
ease	O
and	O
without	O
being	O
tied	O
down	O
.	O


Keeping	O
loneliness	O
at	O
bay	O


For	O
Ms.	O
Chiang	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
single	O
life	O
has	O
its	O
freedoms	O
and	O
its	O
loneliness	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
surrounded	O
by	O
a	O
family	O
have	O
more	O
peace	O
of	O
mind	O
and	O
happiness	O
?	O


"	O
No	O
,	O
not	O
necessarily	O
,	O
"	O
answers	O
51	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Hsiang	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
manager	O
at	O
a	O
newspaper	O
,	O
shaking	O
her	O
head	O
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
Hsiang	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
has	O
been	O
plagued	O
with	O
capsulitis	O
in	O
her	O
shoulder	O
,	O
and	O
one	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
when	O
she	O
could	O
n't	O
manage	O
to	O
fasten	O
her	O
bra	O
before	O
setting	O
off	O
for	O
work	O
,	O
she	O
woke	O
up	O
her	O
son	O
,	O
a	O
university	O
student	O
,	O
to	O
help	O
her	O
.	O


But	O
her	O
son	O
said	O
banteringly	O
:	O
"	O
You	O
old	O
women	O
really	O
are	O
a	O
pain	O
!	O
"	O


Once	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Hsiang	B-PERSON
asked	O
her	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sons	O
which	O
of	O
them	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
look	O
after	O
her	O
when	O
she	O
was	O
old	O
.	O


But	O
her	O
sons	O
tossed	O
the	O
question	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
and	O
finally	O
nominated	O
their	O
rather	O
bossy	O
seven	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
girl	O
cousin	O
!	O


"	O
I	O
knew	O
they	O
were	O
only	O
joking	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
help	O
feeling	O
sad	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
made	O
me	O
even	O
more	O
aware	O
that	O
in	O
everything	O
you	O
can	O
only	O
rely	O
on	O
yourself	O
.	O


Anything	O
else	O
is	O
phony	O
!	O
"	O
says	O
Hsiang	B-PERSON
.	O


Having	O
a	O
husband	O
and	O
children	O
,	O
her	O
mother	O
and	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
friends	O
and	O
relations	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
plenty	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Hsiang	B-PERSON
is	O
never	O
alone	O
,	O
yet	O
she	O
can	O
not	O
help	O
feeling	O
lonely	O
.	O


Sometimes	O
at	O
night	O
she	O
ca	O
n't	O
sleep	O
and	O
gets	O
up	O
to	O
mop	O
the	O
floor	O
.	O


For	O
a	O
time	O
she	O
even	O
started	O
playing	O
Tetris	B-PRODUCT
.	O


"	O
Lying	O
in	O
bed	O
,	O
playing	O
with	O
complete	O
concentration	O
,	O
not	O
thinking	O
about	O
anything	O
else	O
,	O
I	O
got	O
up	O
to	O
scores	O
of	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
points	O
!	O
"	O
she	O
says	O
,	O
finding	O
this	O
ridiculous	O
even	O
herself	O
.	O


"	O
Whenever	O
I	O
notice	O
I	O
'm	O
getting	O
down	O
,	O
I	O
start	O
looking	O
for	O
things	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
"	O
she	O
says	O
.	O


Middle	O
age	O
is	O
a	O
minefield	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
must	O
n't	O
fall	O
into	O
the	O
trap	O
of	O
letting	O
yourself	O
get	O
downhearted	O
!	O


The	O
best	O
laid	O
plans	O


Apart	O
from	O
those	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
health	O
,	O
marriage	O
and	O
work	O
,	O
many	O
other	O
unexpected	O
changes	O
may	O
occur	O
in	O
middle	O
age	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
was	O
38	B-DATE
,	O
Chao	B-PERSON
Ning	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
now	O
a	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
Buddhist	B-NORP
satellite	O
TV	O
station	O
LTV	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
producer	O
of	O
many	O
Buddhist	B-NORP
TV	O
programs	O
,	O
was	O
invited	O
to	O
Houston	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Texas	I-GPE
to	O
give	O
a	O
lecture	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
plane	O
he	O
happened	O
to	O
meet	O
Buddhist	B-NORP
Master	O
Hsingyun	B-PERSON
of	O
Foguangshan	B-ORG
Temple	I-ORG
.	O


After	O
14	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
the	O
master	O
earnestly	O
speaking	O
to	O
him	O
about	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
Buddhist	B-NORP
life	O
,	O
"	O
Even	O
a	O
stone	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
moved	O
!	O
"	O


After	O
Chao	B-PERSON
's	O
lecture	O
in	O
Houston	B-GPE
was	O
over	O
,	O
he	O
immediately	O
took	O
a	O
plane	O
to	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
and	O
went	O
to	O
Hsi	B-ORG
Lai	I-ORG
Temple	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
was	O
just	O
being	O
built	O
.	O


There	O
he	O
sought	O
out	O
Master	O
Hsingyun	B-PERSON
and	O
declared	O
his	O
conversion	O
to	O
Buddhism	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
then	O
he	O
has	O
never	O
touched	O
a	O
drop	O
of	O
alcohol	O
.	O


"	O
Before	O
that	O
,	O
I	O
always	O
had	O
a	O
rhyming	O
couplet	O
pasted	O
up	O
by	O
my	O
doorway	O
which	O
read	O
:	O
'	O
I	O
know	O
there	O
is	O
wine	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
,	O
/	O
But	O
not	O
that	O
it	O
can	O
make	O
you	O
drunk	O
,	O
'	O
which	O
was	O
my	O
way	O
of	O
bragging	O
about	O
my	O
drinking	O
prowess	O
.	O
"	O


What	O
power	O
caused	O
him	O
to	O
make	O
such	O
a	O
great	O
change	O
?	O


Chao	B-PERSON
Ning	I-PERSON
himself	O
ca	O
n't	O
explain	O
.	O


"	O
In	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
38	B-DATE
and	O
49	B-DATE
are	O
special	O
ages	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
come	O
to	O
realize	O
many	O
things	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
fate	O
brought	O
the	O
right	O
opportunity	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
ready	O
for	O
a	O
change	O
of	O
heart	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Chao	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
converted	O
to	O
Buddhism	O
at	O
38	B-DATE
,	O
got	O
married	O
at	O
"	O
491?2	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
before	O
many	O
years	O
had	O
become	O
the	O
"	O
super-old	O
dad	O
"	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
children	O
.	O


The	O
changes	O
in	O
Chao	B-PERSON
Ning	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
life	O
in	O
middle	O
age	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
described	O
as	O
small	O
.	O


"	O
Looking	O
back	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
road	O
I	O
took	O
in	O
life	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
expected	O
.	O
"	O


Chao	B-PERSON
reveals	O
that	O
40	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
when	O
he	O
was	O
taking	O
his	O
college	O
entrance	O
exams	O
,	O
he	O
put	O
down	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
choices	O
of	O
university	O
but	O
deliberately	O
did	O
not	O
include	O
NTNU	B-ORG
,	O
because	O
he	O
thought	O
he	O
was	O
not	O
interested	O
in	O
being	O
a	O
teacher	O
.	O


But	O
although	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
study	O
at	O
NTNU	B-ORG
,	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
teach	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
there	O
for	O
over	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


"	O
Every	O
year	O
I	O
make	O
a	O
big	O
palaver	O
about	O
wanting	O
to	O
plan	O
my	O
life	O
and	O
how	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
teaching	O
and	O
concentrate	O
on	O
broadcasting	O
.	O
"	O


Chao	B-PERSON
continues	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
forthright	O
,	O
sincere	O
smile	O
:	O


"	O
But	O
who	O
'd	O
have	O
thought	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
blink	O
of	O
an	O
eye	O
my	O
colleagues	O
would	O
be	O
telling	O
me	O
:	O
'	O
Old	O
Chao	B-PERSON
,	O
you	O
need	O
n't	O
bother	O
planning	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
soon	O
going	O
to	O
retire	O
!	O
'	O
"	O


Although	O
he	O
never	O
got	O
around	O
to	O
planning	O
his	O
life	O
,	O
Chao	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
always	O
liked	O
to	O
"	O
follow	O
his	O
feelings	O
,	O
"	O
feels	O
that	O
every	O
step	O
he	O
has	O
taken	O
has	O
been	O
steady	O
and	O
enriching	O
.	O


Now	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
about	O
to	O
leave	O
middle	O
age	O
for	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
wisdom	O
,	O
this	O
causes	O
him	O
to	O
walk	O
on	O
eagerly	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
spring	O
in	O
his	O
step	O
.	O


His	O
only	O
real	O
worry	O
is	O
for	O
his	O
three	B-CARDINAL
children	O
,	O
now	O
aged	O
seven	B-DATE
,	O
five	B-DATE
and	O
two	B-DATE
years	O
old	O
.	O


Not	O
daring	O
to	O
get	O
old	O


"	O
Sometimes	O
when	O
I	O
look	O
at	O
their	O
lovely	O
faces	O
while	O
they	O
sleep	O
,	O
I	O
feel	O
I	O
hav	O
n't	O
done	O
right	O
by	O
them	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
'm	O
so	O
much	O
older	O
than	O
they	O
are	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
phrase	O
most	O
often	O
on	O
Chao	B-PERSON
Ning	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
lips	O
nowadays	O
is	O
,	O
"	O
Because	O
my	O
kids	O
are	O
small	O
,	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
old	O
just	O
yet	O
.	O
"	O


Chao	B-PERSON
plays	O
basketball	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
a	O
week	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
early	O
to	O
bed	O
and	O
early	O
to	O
rise	O
.	O


Having	O
become	O
a	O
father	O
in	O
middle	O
age	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
doing	O
his	O
best	O
to	O
stay	O
young	O
for	O
his	O
children	O
.	O


Midlife	O
changes	O
may	O
,	O
as	O
for	O
Chao	B-PERSON
Ning	I-PERSON
,	O
be	O
one	O
's	O
own	O
choices	O
and	O
bring	O
satisfaction	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
are	O
so	O
many	O
changes	O
which	O
are	O
not	O
chosen	O
and	O
are	O
impossible	O
to	O
prevent	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
these	O
unemployment	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
fearsome	O
.	O


The	O
economic	O
malaise	O
which	O
has	O
spread	O
through	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
in	O
just	O
the	O
last	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
is	O
rapidly	O
overtaking	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
workers	O
.	O


"	O
A	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
I	O
heard	O
about	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
a	O
friend	O
of	O
mine	O
.	O


After	O
he	O
was	O
forced	O
to	O
retire	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-ORG
Machinery	I-ORG
Manufacturing	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
stand	O
selling	O
grilled	O
food	O
at	O
Chichin	B-LOC
bathing	I-LOC
beach	I-LOC
in	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
before	O
long	O
he	O
died	O
of	O
a	O
coronary	O
.	O
"	O


Simon	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
managing	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chunghwa	I-ORG
Telecom	I-ORG
employees	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
union	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
on	O
hearing	O
the	O
news	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
deceased	O
man	O
's	O
good	O
friends	O
could	O
not	O
help	O
thinking	O
:	O
"	O
If	O
we	O
'd	O
known	O
he	O
'd	O
die	O
so	O
young	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
n't	O
have	O
stopped	O
him	O
that	O
time	O
when	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
go	O
after	O
the	O
boss	O
of	O
TMMC	B-ORG
with	O
a	O
Molotov	O
cocktail	O
!	O
"	O


Chang	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
worked	O
at	O
CHT	B-ORG
for	O
over	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
says	O
that	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
company	O
plans	O
to	O
cut	O
its	O
workforce	O
by	O
a	O
full	O
3,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
that	O
within	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
3,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
will	O
be	O
"	O
forced	O
to	O
retire	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
the	O
average	O
age	O
of	O
CHT	B-ORG
's	O
workers	O
is	O
only	O
46	B-DATE


!	O


Who	O
will	O
tell	O
me	O
?	O
!	O


Forty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
-	O
what	O
an	O
awkward	O
age	O
.	O


The	O
majority	O
of	O
these	O
workers	O
are	O
carrying	O
the	O
tremendous	O
burden	O
of	O
being	O
the	O
breadwinner	O
for	O
three	B-CARDINAL
generations	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
sense	O
of	O
uncertainty	O
about	O
employment	O
has	O
begun	O
to	O
affect	O
every	O
facet	O
of	O
life	O
.	O
"	O


Simon	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
marital	O
tension	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
workers	O
have	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
questions	O
sticking	O
in	O
their	O
throats	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
:	O
Will	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
interrupt	O
their	O
children	O
's	O
education	O
?	O


Should	O
they	O
accept	O
a	O
transfer	O
,	O
and	O
move	O
the	O
whole	O
family	O
somewhere	O
else	O
?	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
second	B-ORDINAL
skill	O
should	O
they	O
learn	O
to	O
keep	O
themselves	O
employable	O
?	O


How	O
long	O
a	O
buffer	O
period	O
can	O
the	O
company	O
give	O
them	O
?	O


But	O
nobody	O
is	O
willing	O
to	O
give	O
them	O
a	O
clear	O
answer	O
.	O


Chang	B-PERSON
suggests	O
that	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
government	O
spending	O
vast	O
amounts	O
on	O
unemployment	O
benefits	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
for	O
it	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
life	O
guidance	O
and	O
psychological	O
counseling	O
system	O
for	O
workers	O
at	O
all	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
and	O
private	O
enterprises	O
,	O
as	O
quickly	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


"	O
What	O
we	O
want	O
is	O
n't	O
money	O
,	O
but	O
clear	O
guidance	O
to	O
the	O
future	O
!	O
"	O


"	O
For	O
a	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
person	O
,	O
losing	O
one	O
's	O
job	O
is	O
just	O
as	O
traumatic	O
as	O
a	O
car	O
accident	O
,	O
falling	O
ill	O
,	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
a	O
spouse	O
or	O
a	O
child	O
running	O
away	O
from	O
home	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
an	O
event	O
beyond	O
their	O
control	O
which	O
suddenly	O
turns	O
their	O
life	O
upside	O
-	O
down	O
.	O
"	O


Chiu	B-PERSON
Chia	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
li	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Hwo	I-ORG
Chyuan	I-ORG
Pastoral	I-ORG
Counseling	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
,	O
describes	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
occurrence	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
non-normative	O
event	O
.	O
"	O


Such	O
events	O
are	O
much	O
more	O
traumatic	O
than	O
"	O
normative	O
events	O
"	O
such	O
as	O
job	O
stress	O
,	O
a	O
parent	O
being	O
paralyzed	O
,	O
children	O
growing	O
up	O
and	O
leaving	O
home	O
,	O
or	O
being	O
passed	O
over	O
for	O
promotion	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
more	O
predictable	O
.	O


Looking	O
around	O
us	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
people	O
who	O
,	O
although	O
one	O
can	O
not	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
unemployed	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
regular	O
career	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
youth	O
,	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Hung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kui	I-PERSON
of	O
Chungli	B-GPE
in	O
Taoyuan	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
started	O
up	O
in	O
business	O
from	O
nothing	O
,	O
selling	O
shaved	O
iced	O
snacks	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
well	O
,	O
and	O
used	O
his	O
money	O
to	O
buy	O
three	B-CARDINAL
or	O
four	B-CARDINAL
shops	O
and	O
apartments	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
end	O
he	O
gave	O
up	O
his	O
shop	O
because	O
the	O
work	O
became	O
physically	O
too	O
demanding	O
,	O
but	O
after	O
several	O
failed	O
attempts	O
in	O
other	O
lines	O
of	O
business	O
,	O
today	O
he	O
can	O
only	O
live	O
on	O
his	O
savings	O
and	O
the	O
rent	O
from	O
his	O
apartments	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
enough	O
to	O
get	O
by	O
,	O
but	O
spending	O
the	O
whole	O
day	O
doing	O
nothing	O
he	O
finds	O
it	O
difficult	O
to	O
face	O
the	O
inquiring	O
glances	O
of	O
neighbors	O
.	O


Two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
encouraged	O
by	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
who	O
works	O
for	O
an	O
estate	O
agency	O
,	O
Lin	B-PERSON
went	O
on	O
a	O
pre-work	O
training	O
course	O
at	O
the	O
agency	O
.	O


Being	O
stuck	O
in	O
among	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
young	O
kids	O
in	O
their	O
twenties	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
being	O
subjected	O
to	O
"	O
shock	O
style	O
"	O
training	O
-	O
including	O
listening	O
to	O
pep	O
talks	O
,	O
singing	O
military	O
songs	O
and	O
shouting	O
slogans	O
at	O
the	O
tops	O
of	O
their	O
voices	O
-	O
made	O
Lin	B-PERSON
feel	O
very	O
uncomfortable	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
after	O
sticking	O
it	O
out	O
for	O
a	O
month	O
,	O
he	O
quit	O
the	O
job	O
on	O
receiving	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
pay	O
packet	O
.	O


"	O
There	O
are	O
many	O
things	O
which	O
young	O
people	O
can	O
do	O
without	O
any	O
inhibitions	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
middle	O
age	O
you	O
build	O
yourself	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
high	O
walls	O
which	O
are	O
very	O
hard	O
to	O
escape	O
from	O
.	O
"	O


Lin	B-PERSON
counts	O
himself	O
lucky	O
,	O
for	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
break	O
his	O
back	O
just	O
to	O
earn	O
a	O
pittance	O
.	O


But	O
his	O
mood	O
is	O
always	O
uncertain	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
he	O
has	O
begun	O
studying	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Book	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Changes	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
fengshui	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
hope	O
that	O
he	O
can	O
take	O
his	O
life	O
to	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
.	O


A	O
second	B-ORDINAL
spring	O


"	O
In	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
indecision	O
and	O
depression	O
often	O
drive	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
people	O
,	O
especially	O
women	O
,	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
college	O
,	O
to	O
clarify	O
their	O
future	O
path	O
through	O
further	O
study	O
.	O
"	O


Hwo	B-ORG
Chyuan	I-ORG
Pastoral	I-ORG
Counseling	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
director	O
Chiu	B-PERSON
Chia	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
li	I-PERSON
quotes	O
her	O
own	O
experience	O
.	O


At	O
one	O
time	O
she	O
worked	O
simultaneously	O
as	O
a	O
clothing	O
designer	O
,	O
a	O
part	O
-	O
time	O
community	O
worker	O
and	O
a	O
counselor	O
.	O


Coming	O
from	O
a	O
poor	O
background	O
,	O
she	O
always	O
worked	O
hard	O
to	O
hold	O
down	O
these	O
three	B-CARDINAL
jobs	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
more	O
she	O
saw	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
dissatisfied	O
she	O
felt	O
with	O
her	O
own	O
situation	O
,	O
and	O
hoped	O
she	O
could	O
make	O
a	O
new	O
breakthrough	O
.	O


Although	O
she	O
had	O
been	O
cautious	O
all	O
her	O
life	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
42	B-DATE
she	O
quit	O
her	O
jobs	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
release	O
tinged	O
with	O
trepidation	O
,	O
went	O
to	O
study	O
overseas	O
.	O


After	O
leaving	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
Chiu	B-PERSON
found	O
a	O
school	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
where	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
students	O
were	O
about	O
her	O
age	O
.	O


Like	O
her	O
,	O
many	O
had	O
come	O
there	O
because	O
they	O
had	O
arrived	O
at	O
a	O
point	O
where	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
not	O
come	O
to	O
earn	O
a	O
degree	O
,	O
but	O
simply	O
,	O
through	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
study	O
,	O
to	O
"	O
sort	O
out	O
their	O
lives	O
bit	O
by	O
bit	O
.	O
"	O


After	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
Chiu	B-PERSON
felt	O
she	O
had	O
developed	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
enough	O
strength	O
to	O
help	O
people	O
who	O
needed	O
help	O
.	O


So	O
she	O
returned	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
become	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
time	O
counselor	O
.	O


"	O
When	O
I	O
felt	O
that	O
I	O
had	O
reached	O
a	O
crisis	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
run	O
away	O
from	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
made	O
the	O
crisis	O
into	O
a	O
challenge	O
and	O
faced	O
it	O
with	O
courage	O
.	O
"	O


Looking	O
back	O
on	O
this	O
phase	O
of	O
her	O
life	O
,	O
Chiu	B-PERSON
can	O
not	O
suppress	O
a	O
smile	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
call	O
it	O
success	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
mean	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
struggles	O
left	O
in	O
my	O
life	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
know	O
I	O
've	O
had	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
experience	O
of	O
winning	O
a	O
battle	O
with	O
myself	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
can	O
walk	O
my	O
future	O
path	O
more	O
firmly	O
.	O
"	O


Everyone	O
's	O
story	O
of	O
middle	O
age	O
is	O
different	O
;	O
the	O
joys	O
and	O
sorrows	O
of	O
middle	O
age	O
mean	O
different	O
things	O
to	O
different	O
people	O
.	O


What	O
are	O
your	O
middle	O
years	O
like	O
?	O


p.	O
07	B-CARDINAL


-LRB-	O
facing	O
page	O
-RRB-	O


After	O
40	B-DATE
,	O
temples	O
start	O
to	O
gray	O
and	O
tense	O
lines	O
at	O
the	O
corners	O
of	O
the	O
mouth	O
reveal	O
both	O
determination	O
and	O
frustration	O
.	O


Who	O
understands	O
the	O
feelings	O
of	O
the	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
?	O


p.	O
08	B-CARDINAL


Pushing	O
a	O
wheelchair	O
,	O
caring	O
for	O
aging	O
parents	O
-	O
the	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
are	O
the	O
pillars	O
of	O
their	O
families	O
,	O
and	O
ca	O
n't	O
afford	O
to	O
let	O
anything	O
go	O
wrong	O
.	O


p.	O
09	B-CARDINAL


"	O
Because	O
my	O
kids	O
are	O
small	O
,	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
old	O
just	O
yet	O
.	O
"	O


With	O
the	O
trend	O
for	O
late	O
marriage	O
and	O
late	O
childbearing	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
older	O
dads	O
is	O
growing	O
,	O
bringing	O
diversity	O
into	O
the	O
ranks	O
of	O
the	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
.	O


p.	O
10	B-CARDINAL


Events	O
beyond	O
their	O
control	O
bring	O
sudden	O
changes	O
into	O
people	O
's	O
lives	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
disrupt	O
them	O
completely	O
.	O


The	O
recent	O
wave	O
of	O
factory	O
closures	O
and	O
layoffs	O
has	O
made	O
many	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
people	O
anxious	O
.	O


Pictured	O
here	O
,	O
union	O
members	O
besiege	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
.	O


p.	O
11	B-CARDINAL


Many	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
ply	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
streets	O
.	O


Every	O
one	O
could	O
tell	O
a	O
story	O
of	O
life	O
's	O
reversals	O
.	O


p.	O
12	B-CARDINAL


Lin	B-PERSON
Hung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kui	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
in	O
his	O
youth	O
ran	O
a	O
shaved	O
ice	O
snack	O
shop	O
,	O
lives	O
on	O
his	O
savings	O
and	O
the	O
little	O
income	O
that	O
comes	O
from	O
his	O
property	O
investments	O
.	O


Thus	O
although	O
he	O
is	O
without	O
employment	O
,	O
he	O
can	O
while	O
away	O
his	O
time	O
by	O
collecting	O
stones	O
and	O
studying	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Book	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Changes	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
fengshui	O
.	O


p.	O
12	B-CARDINAL


"	O
Do	O
n't	O
sit	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
get	O
depressed	O
-	O
come	O
out	O
and	O
make	O
friends	O
!	O
"	O


Though	O
wracked	O
with	O
pain	O
,	O
newspaper	O
employee	O
Hsiang	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kai	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
second	B-ORDINAL
right	O
-RRB-	O
still	O
radiates	O
vitality	O
and	O
lives	O
life	O
to	O
the	O
full	O
.	O


Our	O
picture	O
shows	O
at	O
a	O
birthday	O
celebration	O
with	O
cultural	O
world	O
friends	O
Chai	B-PERSON
Pao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lin	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
right	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Hsi	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
second	B-ORDINAL
left	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Jimmy	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
13	B-CARDINAL


Humorous	O
,	O
unaffected	O
Chao	B-PERSON
Ning	I-PERSON
has	O
achieved	O
much	O
in	O
his	O
media	O
career	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
nearly	B-DATE
50	I-DATE
finally	O
found	O
a	O
soulmate	O
who	O
has	O
brought	O
many	O
sweet	O
new	O
commitments	O
into	O
his	O
life	O
.	O


p.	O
14	B-CARDINAL


Halfway	O
through	O
life	O
,	O
left	O
at	O
a	O
loss	O
by	O
everything	O
they	O
see	O
around	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
many	O
doubts	O
about	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
many	O
people	O
turn	O
to	O
religion	O
for	O
comfort	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Pu	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
17	B-CARDINAL


In	O
middle	O
age	O
,	O
only	O
if	O
you	O
swim	O
against	O
the	O
current	O
and	O
courageously	O
meet	O
and	O
create	O
challenges	O
will	O
you	O
leave	O
this	O
life	O
without	O
regrets	O
.	O


New	O
-	O
found	O
Fame	O
:	O
Three	B-CARDINAL
Cyber-authors	O
Dealing	O
with	O
Success	O


-LRB-	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
/	O
photo	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Red	B-ORG
Ink	I-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Christopher	B-PERSON
MacDonald	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Cyber-literature	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
publishing	O
phenomenon	O
,	O
with	O
teenage	O
readers	O
idolizing	O
its	O
star	O
authors	O
:	O
writers	O
such	O
as	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
heng	I-PERSON
-	O
who	O
set	O
the	O
ball	O
rolling	O
with	O
his	O
first	O
cyber-novel	O
and	O
is	O
known	O
online	O
as	O
"	B-PERSON
Slicker	I-PERSON
Tsai	I-PERSON
"	I-PERSON
-	O
along	O
with	O
Chi	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Shuang	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tzu	I-PERSON
.	O


How	O
do	O
these	O
authors	O
,	O
whose	O
literary	O
apprenticeship	O
has	O
differed	O
so	O
much	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
other	O
,	O
more	O
traditional	O
authors	O
,	O
view	O
the	O
business	O
of	O
writing	O
?	O


"	O
Dunno	O
,	O
"	O
is	O
what	O
cyber-authors	O
mostly	O
reply	O
when	O
asked	O
why	O
their	O
works	O
have	O
generated	O
so	O
much	O
interest	O
both	O
in	O
cyberspace	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
conventional	O
publishing	O
trade	O
.	O


Tsai	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
heng	I-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
online	O
work	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
First	I-WORK_OF_ART
Intimate	I-WORK_OF_ART
Contact	I-WORK_OF_ART
became	O
a	O
bookstore	O
bestseller	O
,	O
elaborates	O
a	O
little	O
:	O
"	O
It	O
's	O
probably	O
just	O
the	O
luck	O
of	O
the	O
draw	O
.	O
"	O


Tsai	B-PERSON
released	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
First	I-WORK_OF_ART
Intimate	I-WORK_OF_ART
Contact	I-WORK_OF_ART
on	O
the	O
web	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
,	O
while	O
reading	O
for	O
his	O
doctorate	O
at	O
National	B-ORG
Cheng	I-ORG
Kung	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Hydraulics	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Ocean	I-ORG
Engineering	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
began	O
by	O
posting	O
the	O
story	O
-	O
based	O
on	O
his	O
own	O
love	O
-	O
life	O
-	O
in	O
installments	O
on	O
a	O
BBS	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
distraction	O
from	O
the	O
pressure	O
of	O
writing	O
his	O
thesis	O
.	O


"	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
First	I-WORK_OF_ART
Intimate	I-WORK_OF_ART
Contact	I-WORK_OF_ART
was	O
my	O
first	B-ORDINAL
novel	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
.	O


"	O
I	O
had	O
posted	O
a	O
few	O
smaller	O
pieces	O
on	O
the	O
web	O
before	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
vein	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
my	O
scientific	O
background	O
I	O
never	O
considered	O
myself	O
literary	O
material	O
.	O


All	O
I	O
was	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
was	O
write	O
down	O
my	O
own	O
story	O
in	O
novel	O
form	O
.	O
"	O


Tsai	B-PERSON
's	O
approach	O
is	O
to	O
write	O
about	O
personal	O
experience	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
touch	O
of	O
imagination	O
thrown	O
in	O
.	O


"	O
At	O
first	O
I	O
had	O
no	O
intention	O
of	O
finishing	O
the	O
thing	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
candidly	O
.	O


"	O
But	O
after	O
a	O
few	O
installments	O
the	O
readers	O
wanted	O
more	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
pressure	O
to	O
continue	O
.	O


Eventually	O
I	O
put	O
aside	O
my	O
doctoral	O
thesis	O
for	O
a	O
month	B-DATE
or	O
so	O
and	O
drilled	O
off	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
novel	O
.	O
"	O


Tsai	B-PERSON
acknowledges	O
that	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
immediacy	O
of	O
the	O
medium	O
his	O
online	O
work	O
is	O
to	O
some	O
degree	O
influenced	O
,	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
form	O
,	O
content	O
and	O
progress	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
response	O
of	O
the	O
readers	O
-	O
"	O
even	O
if	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
that	O
influence	O
is	O
unconscious	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
author	O
of	O
Sunny	B-WORK_OF_ART
Doll	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
Chi	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
,	O
has	O
a	O
similar	O
experience	O
.	O


"	O
Sunny	B-WORK_OF_ART
Doll	I-WORK_OF_ART
was	O
surprisingly	O
popular	O
after	O
just	O
a	O
few	O
postings	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
enthusiastic	O
response	O
from	O
readers	O
made	O
me	O
anxious	O
to	O
finish	O
the	O
story	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


This	O
probably	O
explains	O
the	O
rather	O
slapdash	O
ending	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Chi	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
.	O


Of	O
course	O
there	O
are	O
also	O
those	O
like	O
Shuang	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tzu	I-PERSON
,	O
author	O
of	O
Worn	B-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Out	I-WORK_OF_ART
Socks	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
who	O
remain	O
unfazed	O
by	O
readers	O
'	O
reactions	O
.	O


In	O
Shuang	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tzu	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
case	O
,	O
this	O
reflects	O
her	O
experience	O
as	O
the	O
administrator	O
of	O
a	O
BBS	O
site	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
administrator	O
is	O
an	O
impartial	O
observer	O
who	O
does	O
n't	O
get	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
online	O
discussion	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
learned	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
easily	O
swayed	O
by	O
what	O
is	O
being	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Shuang	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tzu	I-PERSON
.	O


As	O
she	O
points	O
out	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
online	O
stories	O
are	O
often	O
posted	O
several	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
,	O
or	O
abandoned	O
half	O
way	O
through	O
when	O
their	O
authors	O
find	O
themselves	O
too	O
busy	O
for	O
writing	O
.	O


"	O
It	O
took	O
only	O
a	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
to	O
write	O
Worn	B-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Out	I-WORK_OF_ART
Socks	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
but	O
before	O
that	O
I	O
spent	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
on	O
another	O
novel	O
,	O
Departed	B-WORK_OF_ART
Soul	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
says	O
Shuang	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tzu	I-PERSON
.	O


For	O
her	O
,	O
the	O
biggest	O
source	O
of	O
pressure	O
as	O
a	O
writer	O
is	O
the	O
obligation	O
to	O
"	O
finish	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
reduce	O
this	O
pressure	O
she	O
starts	O
with	O
a	O
disclaimer	O
:	O


"	O
Do	O
n't	O
ask	O
me	O
how	O
it	O
's	O
progressing	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
any	O
more	O
installments	O
then	O
maybe	O
there	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
any	O
more	O
.	O
"	O


Most	O
cyber-authors	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
writing	O
directly	O
online	O
,	O
which	O
inevitably	O
makes	O
for	O
some	O
clunky	O
sentences	O
and	O
continuity	O
breaks	O
.	O


Revisions	O
are	O
always	O
needed	O
before	O
online	O
works	O
can	O
be	O
turned	O
into	O
real	O
books	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
writers	O
are	O
still	O
happy	O
writing	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
do	O
at	O
present	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
wo	O
n't	O
change	O
the	O
way	O
I	O
release	O
my	O
work	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Chi	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
web	O
environment	O
that	O
got	O
me	O
writing	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
place	O
.	O
"	O


Tsai	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
heng	I-PERSON
and	O
Shuang	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tzu	I-PERSON
feel	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
the	O
critical	O
reception	O
for	O
cyber-literature	O
in	O
book	O
form	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
great	O
,	O
as	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
heng	I-PERSON
and	O
Chi	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
both	O
bear	O
in	O
mind	O
.	O


Says	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
:	O
"	O
The	O
success	O
is	O
just	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
good	O
luck	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
still	O
do	O
what	O
I	O
originally	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
-	O
teach	O
at	O
university	O
-	O
and	O
I	O
'll	O
write	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
I	O
feel	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
.	O
"	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
Shuang	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tzu	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
graduated	O
in	O
Chinese	B-NORP
literature	O
from	O
Hua	B-ORG
Fan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
does	O
have	O
literary	O
ambitions	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
categorize	O
my	O
own	O
works	O
,	O
just	O
so	O
long	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
'	O
understandable	O
.	O
'	O


I	O
'm	O
interested	O
in	O
writing	O
bona	O
fide	O
literature	O
,	O
but	O
writing	O
is	O
n't	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
my	O
main	O
profession	O
because	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
economic	O
pressures	O
can	O
get	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
natural	O
creativity	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
cyber-literature	O
,	O
casual	O
writing	O
,	O
endless	O
dialogue	O
and	O
wacky	O
goings	O
-	O
on	O
are	O
the	O
norm	O
.	O


If	O
someone	O
writes	O
it	O
,	O
someone	O
else	O
will	O
read	O
it	O
.	O


As	O
to	O
the	O
literary	O
merits	O
of	O
the	O
form	O
and	O
whether	O
it	O
will	O
determine	O
the	O
course	O
for	O
literature	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
something	O
that	O
unduly	O
concerns	O
the	O
cyber-authors	O
.	O


As	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Chih	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
heng	I-PERSON
,	O
Chi	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chi	I-PERSON
and	O
Shuang	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tzu	I-PERSON
all	O
agree	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
fame	O
,	O
they	O
themselves	O
are	O
still	O
free	O
spirits	O
in	O
cyberspace	O
.	O


A	O
Gao	B-PERSON
Xingjian	I-PERSON
Storm	O
Blows	O
through	O
the	O
TIBE	B-EVENT


-LRB-	O
Laura	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
Scott	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
ninth	B-ORDINAL
Taipei	B-EVENT
International	I-EVENT
Book	I-EVENT
Exhibition	I-EVENT
-	O
the	O
"	O
first	B-ORDINAL
book	O
exhibition	O
of	O
the	O
millennium	O
"	O
-	O
got	O
underway	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
comfortable	O
afterglow	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Lunar	I-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
holiday	O
.	O


Highlighting	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
show	O
was	O
a	O
visit	O
by	O
Nobel	B-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	O
winning	O
author	O
Gao	B-PERSON
Xingjian	I-PERSON
from	O
his	O
adopted	O
country	O
,	O
France	B-GPE
.	O


According	O
to	O
Gao	B-PERSON
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
feels	O
almost	O
like	O
home	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
his	O
affinity	O
for	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
affection	O
for	O
him	O
left	O
a	O
good	O
impression	O
at	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
TIBE	B-EVENT
.	O


Gao	B-PERSON
's	O
old	O
friend	O
Lung	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Cultural	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
,	O
nonetheless	O
thanked	O
him	O
for	O
his	O
visit	O
and	O
for	O
re-igniting	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
passion	O
for	O
literature	O
.	O


Gao	B-PERSON
Xingjian	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Chinese	B-NORP
Nobel	O
Laureate	O
for	O
literature	O
,	O
created	O
quite	O
a	O
stir	O
with	O
his	O
visit	O
to	O
the	O
ninth	B-ORDINAL
Taipei	B-EVENT
International	I-EVENT
Book	I-EVENT
Exhibition	I-EVENT
-LRB-	I-EVENT
TIBE	I-EVENT
-RRB-	I-EVENT
,	O
drawing	O
large	O
crowds	O
of	O
people	O
hoping	O
just	O
to	O
catch	O
a	O
glimpse	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


Gao	B-PERSON
's	O
relationship	O
with	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
goes	O
back	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
visit	O
to	O
the	O
TIBE	B-EVENT
marked	O
his	O
sixth	B-ORDINAL
to	O
the	O
island	O
,	O
where	O
he	O
is	O
well	O
known	O
and	O
has	O
many	O
friends	O
in	O
the	O
literary	O
community	O
.	O


A	O
Bible	B-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
hand	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
United	B-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
spotted	O
Gao	B-PERSON
's	O
talent	O
long	O
before	O
he	O
became	O
famous	O
,	O
publishing	O
five	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
novels	O
-	O
including	O
Soul	B-WORK_OF_ART
Mountain	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
One	B-WORK_OF_ART
Man	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bible	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
famed	O
director	O
Li	B-PERSON
Hsing	I-PERSON
's	O
Tienti	B-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
has	O
published	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
Gao	B-PERSON
's	O
plays	O
.	O


And	O
at	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
TIBE	B-EVENT
,	O
Gao	B-PERSON
released	O
three	B-CARDINAL
new	O
works	O
to	O
hungry	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
readers	O
:	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
100	B-CARDINAL
ink	O
paintings	O
and	O
pieces	O
of	O
art	O
criticism	O
;	O
a	O
play	O
;	O
and	O
a	O
collection	O
entitled	O
Without	B-WORK_OF_ART
isms	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
Gao	B-PERSON
's	O
works	O
of	O
fiction	O
have	O
not	O
sold	O
particularly	O
well	O
,	O
perhaps	O
because	O
some	O
find	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
cold	O
or	O
to	O
resemble	O
to	O
long	O
,	O
mumbling	O
soliloquies	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
TIBE	B-EVENT
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
glow	O
of	O
Gao	B-PERSON
's	O
Nobel	B-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
sparked	O
interest	O
in	O
his	O
work	O
.	O


Over	O
the	O
exhibition	O
's	O
six	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
readers	O
purchased	O
between	B-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
six	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
volumes	O
of	O
his	O
Soul	B-WORK_OF_ART
Mountain	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
making	O
it	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
exhibition	O
's	O
top	O
three	B-CARDINAL
sellers	O
-LRB-	O
along	O
with	O
former	O
Japanese	B-NORP
porn	O
star	O
Iijima	B-PERSON
Ai	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Platonic	B-WORK_OF_ART
Sex	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
the	O
latest	O
Harry	B-PERSON
Potter	I-PERSON
book	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Whether	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
readers	O
were	O
just	O
putting	O
on	O
airs	O
or	O
actually	O
enjoyed	O
the	O
book	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
Gao	B-PERSON
frenzy	O
reinvigorates	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
interest	O
in	O
pure	O
literature	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
have	O
done	O
a	O
world	O
of	O
good	O
.	O


Gao	B-PERSON
's	O
own	O
artistic	O
life	O
extends	O
beyond	O
fiction	O
to	O
painting	O
and	O
theater	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
he	O
has	O
held	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Taiwanese	B-NORP
exhibitions	O
of	O
his	O
modern	O
ink	O
paintings	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
is	O
planned	O
for	O
October	B-DATE
at	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
History	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
a	O
special	O
reading	O
of	O
Gao	B-PERSON
's	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Night	I-WORK_OF_ART
Walker	I-WORK_OF_ART
was	O
given	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Novel	I-FAC
Hall	I-FAC
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
during	O
this	O
visit	O
of	O
his	O
.	O


And	O
Gao	B-PERSON
himself	O
will	O
direct	O
a	O
performance	O
of	O
his	O
August	B-WORK_OF_ART
Snow	I-WORK_OF_ART
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
refined	O
language	O
of	O
literature	O


Having	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
see	O
Gao	B-PERSON
in	O
person	O
,	O
TIBE	B-EVENT
visitors	O
naturally	O
focused	O
on	O
his	O
artistic	O
vision	O
and	O
creative	O
process	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
speech	O
presented	O
at	O
the	O
exhibition	O
,	O
Gao	B-PERSON
stated	O
that	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
decades	O
of	O
writing	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
given	O
ever	O
-	O
greater	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
literature	O
-	O
the	O
art	O
of	O
language	O
.	O


To	O
Gao	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
only	O
standard	O
for	O
judging	O
literature	O
is	O
the	O
beauty	O
of	O
its	O
language	O
,	O
and	O
language	O
itself	O
is	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
getting	O
at	O
"	O
reality	O
.	O
"	O


Gao	B-PERSON
refers	O
to	O
his	O
own	O
approach	O
to	O
writing	O
as	O
"	O
stream	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
language	O
"	O
and	O
believes	O
that	O
writers	O
who	O
seek	O
a	O
vivid	O
,	O
modern	O
Chinese	B-NORP
face	O
an	O
extremely	O
difficult	O
path	O
.	O


Gao	B-PERSON
also	O
revealed	O
that	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
his	O
own	O
writing	O
remains	O
fresh	O
and	O
lively	O
,	O
he	O
first	O
speaks	O
his	O
thoughts	O
into	O
a	O
recorder	O
before	O
later	O
recasting	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
written	O
form	O
.	O


Gao	B-PERSON
Xingjian	I-PERSON
feels	O
that	O
writing	O
is	O
an	O
extremely	O
personal	O
pursuit	O
,	O
that	O
its	O
starting	O
point	O
is	O
a	O
quest	O
for	O
personal	O
values	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
writer	O
is	O
to	O
produce	O
good	O
work	O
,	O
he	O
must	O
cast	O
aside	O
political	O
and	O
social	O
missions	O
,	O
disregard	O
the	O
opinions	O
of	O
readers	O
and	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
instead	O
must	O
write	O
spontaneously	O
,	O
listening	O
carefully	O
to	O
the	O
faintest	O
,	O
most	O
honest	O
voice	O
in	O
his	O
heart	O
.	O


Considering	O
that	O
Gao	B-PERSON
fled	O
a	O
tyrannical	O
government	O
to	O
become	O
an	O
expatriate	O
,	O
many	O
people	O
wonder	O
whether	O
Gao	B-PERSON
's	O
literature	O
insists	O
upon	O
humanitarianism	O
and	O
high	O
principles	O
.	O


But	O
Gao	B-PERSON
feels	O
that	O
literature	O
is	O
above	O
politics	O
and	O
should	O
not	O
serve	O
it	O
.	O


Further	O
,	O
literature	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
limited	O
by	O
morals	O
,	O
ethics	O
or	O
public	O
sentiment	O
.	O


In	O
Gao	B-PERSON
's	O
view	O
,	O
20th	B-DATE
century	I-DATE
literature	O
too	O
often	O
emphasized	O
"	O
literary	O
revolution	O
"	O
or	O
was	O
"	O
revolutionary	O
literature	O
.	O
"	O


It	O
was	O
too	O
often	O
tied	O
to	O
a	O
preposterous	O
sense	O
of	O
mission	O
which	O
took	O
literature	O
with	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
grave	O
.	O


As	O
Gao	B-PERSON
said	O
at	O
the	O
Nobel	B-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
awards	O
ceremony	O
,	O
Communist	B-NORP
rule	O
stymied	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
mainland	O
Chinese	B-NORP
literature	O
.	O


Not	O
surprisingly	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
Communists	B-NORP
were	O
critical	O
of	O
the	O
selection	O
of	O
Gao	B-PERSON
as	O
a	O
Nobel	O
Laureate	O
,	O
labeling	O
his	O
choice	O
an	O
"	O
imperialist	O
conspiracy	O
"	O
and	O
another	O
"	O
insult	O
to	O
all	O
Chinese	B-NORP
"	O
by	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
.	O


This	O
standoff	O
between	O
the	O
Nobel	O
laureate	O
and	O
his	O
cultural	O
motherland	O
adds	O
a	O
note	O
of	O
regret	O
to	O
the	O
joy	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Soul	B-WORK_OF_ART
Mountain	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
the	O
flesh	O


Given	O
that	O
Gao	B-PERSON
wrote	O
his	O
works	O
in	O
Chinese	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
his	O
translator	O
played	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
his	O
winning	O
of	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Nobel	I-WORK_OF_ART
prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Goran	B-PERSON
Malmqvist	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Swedish	I-ORG
Royal	I-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
and	O
Gao	B-PERSON
's	O
strongest	O
advocate	O
for	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Nobel	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
and	O
Noel	B-PERSON
and	O
Liliane	B-PERSON
Dutrait	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
translators	O
of	O
Soul	B-WORK_OF_ART
Mountain	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
other	O
works	O
by	O
Gao	B-PERSON
,	O
also	O
attended	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
TIBE	B-EVENT
.	O


To	O
reflect	O
the	O
growing	O
internationalization	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
literature	O
,	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
TIBE	B-EVENT
even	O
included	O
a	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
Literature	O
in	O
Translation	O
pavilion	O
.	O


The	O
pavilion	O
hosted	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
seminars	O
and	O
colloquia	O
on	O
literary	O
translation	O
,	O
providing	O
readers	O
with	O
some	O
insight	O
into	O
a	O
field	O
with	O
which	O
most	O
are	O
unfamiliar	O
.	O


Gao	B-PERSON
has	O
touched	O
off	O
another	O
interesting	O
debate	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
-	O
one	O
on	O
the	O
competing	O
desires	O
of	O
the	O
spirit	O
and	O
the	O
flesh	O
.	O


Discussing	O
Gao	B-PERSON
together	O
with	O
former	O
Japanese	B-NORP
porn	O
star	O
Iijima	B-PERSON
Ai	I-PERSON
causes	O
many	O
cultural	O
critics	O
to	O
shake	O
their	O
heads	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
writers	O
'	O
works	O
are	O
not	O
that	O
dissimilar	O
.	O


While	O
Soul	B-WORK_OF_ART
Mountain	I-WORK_OF_ART
describes	O
one	O
man	O
's	O
spiritual	O
journey	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
contains	O
numerous	O
graphic	O
descriptions	O
of	O
sexual	O
desire	O
.	O


Similarly	O
,	O
Ai	B-PERSON
's	O
book	O
on	O
the	O
flesh	O
actually	O
expresses	O
her	O
longing	O
for	O
spiritual	O
love	O
.	O


These	O
two	B-CARDINAL
works	O
remind	O
us	O
that	O
the	O
spirit	O
and	O
the	O
flesh	O
are	O
both	O
aspects	O
of	O
being	O
human	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
distance	O
between	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
"	O
opposing	O
desires	O
"	O
is	O
not	O
as	O
great	O
as	O
most	O
people	O
seem	O
to	O
think	O
.	O


While	O
Gao	B-PERSON
Xingjian	I-PERSON
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Nobel	O
Laureate	O
in	O
literature	O
to	O
have	O
attended	O
the	O
TIBE	B-EVENT
,	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
exhibition	O
included	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
highlights	O
.	O


With	O
46	B-CARDINAL
nations	O
and	O
886	B-CARDINAL
publishing	O
companies	O
represented	O
,	O
TIBE	B-EVENT
is	O
the	O
largest	O
book	O
show	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
and	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


This	O
year	O
's	O
TIBE	B-EVENT
was	O
also	O
made	O
special	O
by	O
having	O
France	B-GPE
as	O
its	O
Country	O
of	O
Honor	O
.	O


Guests	O
thus	O
included	O
Andrei	B-PERSON
Makine	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
-	O
born	O
French	B-NORP
author	O
of	O
Le	B-WORK_OF_ART
Testament	I-WORK_OF_ART
Francais	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
winner	O
of	O
France	B-GPE
's	O
prestigious	O
Goncourt	B-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
;	O
novelist	O
Marc	B-PERSON
Levy	I-PERSON
;	O
and	O
the	O
cartoonist	O
Golo	B-PERSON
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
numerous	O
representatives	O
from	O
France	B-ORG
Edition	I-ORG
and	O
Librairie	B-ORG
Le	I-ORG
Pigeonnier	I-ORG
were	O
involved	O
with	O
the	O
exhibition	O
from	O
start	O
to	O
finish	O
,	O
contributing	O
greatly	O
to	O
its	O
success	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Book	I-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
ROC	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
sponsored	O
the	O
TIBE	B-EVENT
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
noted	O
that	O
it	O
chose	O
France	B-GPE
as	O
the	O
Country	O
of	O
Honor	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
Americanization	O
of	O
global	O
culture	O
.	O


The	O
Association	B-ORG
stated	O
that	O
it	O
hoped	O
the	O
choice	O
of	O
France	B-GPE
would	O
give	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
readers	O
a	O
glimpse	O
of	O
European	B-NORP
culture	O
,	O
offering	O
them	O
exposure	O
to	O
an	O
alternative	O
perspective	O
and	O
system	O
of	O
thought	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
Gao	B-PERSON
is	O
now	O
a	O
French	B-NORP
citizen	O
and	O
happened	O
to	O
win	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Nobel	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	O
literature	O
just	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
show	O
did	O
n't	O
hurt	O
either	O
.	O


p.	O
62	B-CARDINAL


Nobel	O
laureate	O
Gao	B-PERSON
Xingjian	I-PERSON
and	O
long	O
-	O
time	O
advocate	O
of	O
his	O
work	O
Goran	B-PERSON
Malmqvist	I-PERSON
were	O
the	O
stars	O
of	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
Taipei	B-EVENT
International	I-EVENT
Book	I-EVENT
Exhibition	I-EVENT
.	O


Mediated	O
by	O
Taipei	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Cultural	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
director	O
Lung	B-PERSON
Ying	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
held	O
a	O
lively	O
discussion	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Pu	B-PERSON
Hua	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Nuclear	O
-	O
Free	O
Dream	O
Recedes	O
Amid	O
Inter-Branch	O
Conflict	O


-LRB-	O
Alexandra	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Taylor	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Having	O
dragged	O
on	O
since	O
27	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
furore	O
over	O
the	O
cancellation	O
of	O
the	O
Fourth	B-FAC
Nuclear	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Plant	I-FAC
project	O
was	O
briefly	O
laid	O
to	O
rest	O
on	O
13	B-DATE
February	I-DATE
2001	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
Premier	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
and	O
Legislative	B-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
speaker	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Jin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
pyng	I-PERSON
signed	O
an	O
agreement	O
to	O
resume	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
plant	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
controversy	O
over	O
the	O
plant	O
was	O
soon	O
put	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
spotlight	O
by	O
calls	O
for	O
a	O
plebiscite	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
.	O


On	O
one	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
argument	O
is	O
the	O
unquenchable	O
thirst	O
for	O
economic	O
advance	O
;	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
,	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
ideal	O
of	O
a	O
nuclear	O
-	O
free	O
homeland	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
distress	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Kungliao	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
the	O
plant	O
is	O
sited	O
.	O


Standing	O
at	O
the	O
nuclear	O
crossroads	O
,	O
buffeted	O
by	O
the	O
waves	O
of	O
political	O
turmoil	O
sparked	O
by	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
how	O
should	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
choose	O
its	O
road	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
?	O


On	O
14	B-DATE
February	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
a	O
statement	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
spoke	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
painful	O
choice	O
"	O
and	O
his	O
"	O
undying	O
determination	O
,	O
"	O
Premier	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
announced	O
the	O
resumption	O
of	O
work	O
on	O
the	B-FAC
Fourth	I-FAC
Nuclear	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Plant	I-FAC
,	O
and	O
identified	O
the	O
passing	O
of	O
a	O
plebiscite	O
law	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
topic	O
for	O
renewed	O
cross-party	O
consultation	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
responded	O
positively	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
indication	O
of	O
its	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
nuclear	O
-	O
free	O
homeland	O
.	O
"	O


With	O
the	O
words	O
:	O
"	O
Developments	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
will	O
decide	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
fate	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
10,000	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
"	O
Chang	B-PERSON
hinted	O
that	O
the	O
next	O
stage	O
in	O
the	O
antinuclear	O
campaign	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
decisive	O
factor	O
in	O
the	O
Legislative	B-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
elections	O
scheduled	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
same	O
day	O
,	O
the	O
cabinet	O
approved	O
the	O
plan	O
to	O
resume	O
construction	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Fourth	I-FAC
Nuclear	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Plant	I-FAC
,	O
and	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
formulate	O
a	O
plan	O
for	O
the	O
phased	O
closure	O
and	O
decommissioning	O
of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
existing	O
nuclear	O
plants	O
,	O
on	O
condition	O
that	O
adequate	O
electricity	O
generating	O
capacity	O
is	O
maintained	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
would	O
invite	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
environmentalist	O
groups	O
and	O
individuals	O
to	O
join	O
a	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Nuclear	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Free	I-ORG
Homeland	I-ORG
Guidance	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
to	O
actively	O
educate	O
the	O
public	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
cabinet	O
meeting	O
,	O
economic	O
affairs	O
minister	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Hsin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yi	I-PERSON
stressed	O
that	O
the	O
Fourth	B-FAC
Nuclear	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Plant	I-FAC
project	O
would	O
be	O
completed	O
on	O
time	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
2005	I-DATE
.	O


After	O
the	O
decision	O
to	O
resume	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
plant	O
,	O
legislator	O
Chao	B-PERSON
Yung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ching	I-PERSON
said	O
he	O
had	O
never	O
seen	O
another	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
government	O
which	O
on	O
the	O
one	O
hand	O
stressed	O
its	O
desire	O
for	O
a	O
"	O
nuclear	O
-	O
free	O
homeland	O
,	O
"	O
but	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
still	O
finally	O
went	O
ahead	O
with	O
building	O
a	O
nuclear	O
power	O
plant	O
.	O


On	O
24	B-DATE
February	I-DATE
the	B-ORG
Nuclear	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Free	I-ORG
Country	I-ORG
Action	I-ORG
Alliance	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
coalition	O
of	O
over	B-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
antinuclear	O
groups	O
,	O
staged	O
a	O
demonstration	O
to	O
call	O
for	O
a	O
plebiscite	O
on	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
to	O
"	O
let	O
the	O
people	O
decide	O
.	O
"	O


Leading	O
Democratic	B-ORG
Progressive	I-ORG
party	I-ORG
figures	O
such	O
as	O
former	O
party	O
chairmen	O
Lin	B-PERSON
I	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
and	O
Yao	B-PERSON
Chia	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
wen	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
former	O
secretary	O
-	O
general	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hung	I-PERSON
,	O
took	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
rally	O
.	O


The	O
saga	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Fourth	I-FAC
Nuclear	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Plant	I-FAC
began	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
TaiPower	B-ORG
first	O
proposed	O
the	O
project	O
.	O


But	O
following	O
the	O
worldwide	O
shock	O
at	O
the	B-EVENT
1986	I-EVENT
Chernobyl	I-EVENT
explosion	I-EVENT
,	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
froze	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
budget	O
.	O


Since	O
the	B-ORG
Yenliao	I-ORG
Anti-Nuclear	I-ORG
Self	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Help	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
was	O
set	O
up	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
and	O
other	O
groups	O
have	O
also	O
fought	O
a	O
running	O
battle	O
with	O
the	O
government	O
over	O
the	O
plant	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Control	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
ordered	O
major	O
corrective	O
measures	O
regarding	O
the	O
project	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
in	O
1999	B-DATE
alone	O
,	O
finding	O
that	O
the	O
construction	O
permit	O
was	O
improperly	O
issued	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
environmental	O
impact	O
assessment	O
was	O
made	O
on	O
an	O
incorrect	O
basis	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
proper	O
provision	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
made	O
for	O
safeguarding	O
a	O
Ketagalan	B-NORP
aboriginal	O
archaeological	O
site	O
.	O


These	O
instances	O
are	O
taken	O
as	O
proof	O
by	O
antinuclear	O
groups	O
of	O
the	O
illegality	O
surrounding	O
the	O
project	O
.	O


Energy	O
policy	O
suggestions	O


KMT	B-ORG
chairman	O
Lien	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
proposed	O
to	O
President	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
bian	I-PERSON
the	O
drafting	O
of	O
a	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
National	I-LAW
Energy	I-LAW
Development	I-LAW
Statute	I-LAW
,	O
"	O
based	O
on	O
considerations	O
of	O
national	O
energy	O
supply	O
and	O
demand	O
.	O


In	O
view	O
of	O
projections	O
that	O
in	O
2005	B-DATE
northern	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
will	O
have	O
a	O
shortfall	O
of	O
close	O
to	O
2,100	B-QUANTITY
megawatts	I-QUANTITY
,	O
construction	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Fourth	I-FAC
Nuclear	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Plant	I-FAC
should	O
continue	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
further	O
nuclear	O
plants	O
would	O
be	O
built	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
second	B-ORDINAL
and	O
third	B-ORDINAL
plants	O
would	O
be	O
decommissioned	O
on	O
reaching	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
their	O
normal	O
operating	O
lives	O
.	O


But	O
before	O
that	O
the	O
11	B-CARDINAL
private	O
power	O
stations	O
already	O
approved	O
for	O
construction	O
should	O
be	O
completed	O
as	O
quickly	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
2,000	B-QUANTITY
megawatts	I-QUANTITY
of	O
substitute	O
generating	O
capacity	O
could	O
be	O
completed	O
,	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
older	O
nuclear	O
plants	O
could	O
be	O
decommissioned	O
early	O
.	O


Lien	B-PERSON
also	O
expressed	O
the	O
opinion	O
that	O
when	O
formulating	O
its	O
overall	O
energy	O
policy	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
should	O
give	O
consideration	O
to	O
various	O
factors	O
,	O
including	O
environmental	O
impact	O
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
international	O
reputation	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
resumption	O
of	O
work	O
on	O
the	B-FAC
Fourth	I-FAC
Nuclear	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Plant	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Kungliao	B-GPE
Rural	I-GPE
Township	I-GPE
have	O
nothing	O
to	O
show	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
decade	B-DATE
of	O
protest	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
do	O
they	O
feel	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
never	O
had	O
an	O
opportunity	O
for	O
equal	O
dialogue	O
with	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
that	O
the	O
fishing	O
grounds	O
on	O
which	O
local	O
fishermen	O
have	O
relied	O
for	O
generations	O
will	O
soon	O
be	O
threatened	O
with	O
major	O
environmental	O
degradation	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
research	O
report	O
A	B-WORK_OF_ART
Survey	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Natural	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Ecological	I-WORK_OF_ART
Resources	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Northeast	I-WORK_OF_ART
Coast	I-WORK_OF_ART
National	I-WORK_OF_ART
Scenic	I-WORK_OF_ART
Area	I-WORK_OF_ART
by	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiu	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
associate	O
research	O
fellow	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Academia	I-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Zoology	I-ORG
,	O
species	O
recorded	O
in	O
the	O
sea	O
off	O
the	O
scenic	O
area	O
include	O
182	B-CARDINAL
corals	O
,	O
168	B-CARDINAL
crustaceans	O
,	O
318	B-CARDINAL
mollusks	O
,	O
57	B-CARDINAL
echinoderms	O
,	O
60	B-CARDINAL
large	O
seaweeds	O
,	O
over	O
290	B-CARDINAL
shellfish	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
other	O
marine	O
organisms	O
such	O
as	O
sponges	O
,	O
sea	O
anemones	O
,	O
jellyfish	O
,	O
polychaetes	O
and	O
sea	O
squirts	O
.	O


This	O
shows	O
that	O
Yenliao	B-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
really	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
northern	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
major	O
marine	O
habitats	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
also	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
places	O
in	O
northern	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
where	O
a	O
coastal	O
ecosystem	O
has	O
been	O
preserved	O
relatively	O
undamaged	O
.	O


Ecological	O
disaster	O


After	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
plant	O
resumes	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
neither	O
an	O
immediate	O
nuclear	O
risk	O
nor	O
an	O
immediate	O
benefit	O
of	O
power	O
generation	O
.	O


But	O
environmentalists	O
are	O
convinced	O
that	O
the	O
marine	O
habitat	O
of	O
Yenliao	B-GPE
,	O
lying	O
within	O
a	O
marine	O
resource	O
conservation	O
area	O
immensely	O
rich	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
species	O
and	O
their	O
populations	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
devastated	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
three	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
kilometer	I-QUANTITY
golden	O
beach	O
of	O
fine	O
quartz	O
sand	O
which	O
runs	O
from	O
Yenliao	B-GPE
to	O
Fulung	B-GPE
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
priceless	O
ecological	O
and	O
tourist	O
resources	O
of	O
the	O
northeast	O
coast	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
lost	O
along	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


Following	O
the	O
Amorgos	B-GPE
oil	O
spill	O
,	O
we	O
saw	O
the	O
public	O
and	O
the	O
military	O
working	O
hard	O
to	O
scoop	O
up	O
bucket	O
after	O
bucket	O
of	O
oil	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
should	O
our	O
mood	O
be	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
the	B-FAC
Fourth	I-FAC
Nuclear	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Plant	I-FAC
's	I-FAC
impact	O
on	O
the	O
sea	O
off	O
Kungliao	B-GPE
?	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Po	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
chih	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
cabinet	O
ministers	O
who	O
take	O
the	O
clearest	O
stand	O
against	O
nuclear	O
power	O
.	O


He	O
stated	O
on	O
14	B-PERSON
February	I-PERSON
that	O
he	O
once	O
made	O
a	O
risk	O
assessment	O
for	O
nuclear	O
power	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
taking	O
into	O
consideration	O
the	O
island	O
's	O
population	O
density	O
,	O
its	O
level	O
of	O
nuclear	O
technology	O
and	O
its	O
level	O
of	O
economic	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
concluded	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
worth	O
the	O
risk	O
.	O


But	O
since	O
it	O
would	O
appear	O
from	O
public	O
opinion	O
polls	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
believe	O
that	O
for	O
economic	O
reasons	O
the	O
plant	O
should	O
still	O
be	O
built	O
,	O
he	O
could	O
only	O
hope	O
that	O
construction	O
standards	O
will	O
be	O
strictly	O
adhered	O
to	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
no	O
accident	O
will	O
ever	O
occur	O
at	O
the	O
plant	O
.	O


Government	O
,	O
opposition	O
and	O
the	O
public	O
at	O
large	O
,	O
apart	O
from	O
closely	O
monitoring	O
the	O
plant	O
's	O
construction	O
,	O
can	O
only	O
pray	O
together	O
with	O
Chen	B-PERSON
that	O
the	O
people	O
's	O
choice	O
today	O
will	O
turn	O
out	O
for	O
the	O
good	O
of	O
their	O
children	O
and	O
grandchildren	O
.	O


p.	O
64	B-CARDINAL


The	O
24	B-DATE
February	I-DATE
antinuclear	O
rally	O
brought	O
thousands	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
onto	O
the	O
streets	O
to	O
protest	O
the	O
decision	O
to	O
resume	O
construction	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Fourth	I-FAC
Nuclear	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Plant	I-FAC
,	O
and	O
to	O
call	O
for	O
a	O
plebiscite	O
to	O
"	O
let	O
the	O
people	O
decide	O
"	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
future	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
Toils	O
with	O
Double	O
Trouble	O
--	O
Forest	O
Fires	O
Burn	O
and	O
Oil	O
Spill	O
Bubbles	O


-LRB-	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ju	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
David	B-PERSON
Mayer	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


With	O
the	O
ruling	O
and	O
opposition	O
parties	O
slugging	O
it	O
out	O
over	O
the	B-FAC
Fourth	I-FAC
Nuclear	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Plant	I-FAC
,	O
a	O
cargo	O
ship	O
ran	O
quietly	O
aground	O
in	O
mid-January	B-DATE
just	O
offshore	O
from	O
the	B-LOC
Lungkeng	I-LOC
Ecological	I-LOC
Protection	I-LOC
Area	I-LOC
in	O
Kenting	B-LOC
National	I-LOC
Park	I-LOC
.	O


Preliminary	O
containment	O
of	O
the	O
resulting	O
oil	O
spill	O
was	O
not	O
achieved	O
until	O
late	B-DATE
February	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
hit	O
by	O
a	O
rash	O
of	O
forest	O
fires	O
.	O


Clearly	O
,	O
the	O
activities	O
of	O
man	O
are	O
becoming	O
increasingly	O
destructive	O
of	O
nature	O
.	O


Can	O
we	O
expect	O
to	O
go	O
on	O
forever	O
wreaking	O
havoc	O
on	O
the	O
earth	O
without	O
inviting	O
a	O
backlash	O
from	O
Mother	O
Nature	O
?	O


The	O
armed	O
forces	O
dispatched	O
thousands	O
of	O
soldiers	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
oil	O
spill	O
at	O
Lungkeng	B-GPE
,	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
southern	O
tip	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
of	O
the	O
cleanup	O
was	O
completed	O
on	O
February	B-DATE
16	I-DATE
with	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
over	B-QUANTITY
300	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
oil	O
from	O
the	O
shore	O
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
entails	O
cleaning	O
the	O
uplifted	O
coral	O
seashore	O
and	O
restoring	O
the	O
environment	O
of	O
the	O
intertidal	O
zone	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
is	O
that	O
efforts	O
to	O
clean	O
up	O
the	O
oil	O
could	O
cause	O
great	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
complex	O
ecology	O
of	O
the	O
coral	O
shoreline	O
and	O
destroy	O
the	O
beauty	O
of	O
the	O
intertidal	O
zone	O
.	O


How	O
to	O
go	O
about	O
undoing	O
the	O
environmental	O
destruction	O
that	O
has	O
already	O
occurred	O
?	O


Due	O
to	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
comprehensive	O
studies	O
,	O
the	O
local	O
environment	O
in	O
Lungkeng	B-GPE
is	O
not	O
sufficiently	O
understood	O
.	O


With	O
scholars	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
research	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
impossible	O
to	O
take	O
concrete	O
action	O
.	O


The	O
oil	O
spill	O
occurred	O
at	O
about	O
5	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
on	O
January	B-DATE
14	I-DATE
when	O
the	O
Greek	B-NORP
freighter	O
MV	O
Amorgos	O
carrying	O
ore	O
from	O
India	B-GPE
to	O
the	O
port	O
of	O
Nantong	B-GPE
in	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
ran	O
aground	O
about	O
a	O
kilometer	B-QUANTITY
off	O
the	O
cape	O
at	O
Oluanpi	B-GPE
.	O


A	B-QUANTITY
thousand	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
fuel	O
oil	O
began	O
pouring	O
through	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
torn	O
hull	O
.	O


The	O
disaster	O
has	O
hit	O
the	O
uplifted	O
coral	O
at	O
Lungkeng	B-GPE
the	O
hardest	O
.	O


The	O
ocean	O
waves	O
brought	O
the	O
oil	O
to	O
shore	O
,	O
making	O
a	O
mess	O
of	O
the	O
beautiful	O
coral	O
coastline	O
,	O
slathering	O
shellfish	O
and	O
aquatic	O
plants	O
,	O
and	O
filling	O
the	O
air	O
with	O
a	O
petroleum	O
stench	O
.	O


Taiwanese	B-NORP
society	O
,	O
caught	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
furor	O
over	O
the	O
nuclear	O
power	O
plant	O
up	O
north	O
,	O
took	O
little	O
immediate	O
notice	O
of	O
the	O
accident	O
.	O


The	O
shipowner	O
did	O
n't	O
stop	O
up	O
the	O
leaking	O
hull	O
of	O
the	O
MV	O
Amorgos	O
until	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
January	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
went	O
through	O
a	O
shipping	O
agent	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
hire	O
local	O
residents	O
in	O
Lungkeng	B-GPE
to	O
clean	O
up	O
the	O
shoreline	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
oil	O
slick	O
had	O
mucked	O
up	O
a	O
three	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
kilometer	I-QUANTITY
stretch	O
of	O
strikingly	O
beautiful	O
blue	O
waters	O
,	O
throwing	O
a	O
pall	O
over	O
the	O
local	O
tourism	O
and	O
fishing	O
industries	O
.	O


After	O
days	O
of	O
bitter	O
complaints	O
,	O
aggrieved	O
residents	O
finally	O
got	O
the	O
attention	O
of	O
the	O
news	O
media	O
.	O


On	O
February	B-DATE
7	I-DATE
,	O
three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
spill	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Environmental	I-ORG
Protection	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
formed	O
an	O
emergency	O
task	O
force	O
,	O
and	O
EPA	B-ORG
chief	O
Edgar	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
headed	O
south	O
to	O
inspect	O
the	O
site	O
.	O


On	O
February	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
,	O
Premier	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Chun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
and	O
several	O
other	O
high	O
-	O
ranking	O
government	O
officials	O
boarded	O
a	O
military	O
helicopter	O
for	O
an	O
aerial	O
survey	O
of	O
the	O
spill	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
premier	O
instructed	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Transportation	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
to	O
get	O
the	O
oil	O
cleaned	O
up	O
within	O
30	B-DATE
working	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
EPA	B-ORG
worked	O
up	O
an	O
estimate	O
of	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
cleanup	O
,	O
ship	O
removal	O
,	O
and	O
reparations	O
to	O
fishermen	O
,	O
and	O
notified	O
both	O
the	O
shipowner	O
and	O
the	O
insurance	O
company	O
.	O


The	O
ship	O
's	O
captain	O
and	O
other	O
ship	O
officers	O
had	O
to	O
post	O
bond	O
before	O
they	O
were	O
allowed	O
to	O
leave	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
these	O
emergency	O
measures	O
,	O
the	O
EPA	B-ORG
has	O
also	O
been	O
working	O
to	O
draft	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
1	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
guidelines	O
for	O
establishing	O
task	O
forces	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
major	O
maritime	O
environmental	O
disasters	O
;	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
2	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
an	O
emergency	O
response	O
plan	O
for	O
maritime	O
oil	O
spills	O
.	O


Draft	O
versions	O
of	O
both	O
these	O
documents	O
will	O
be	O
presented	O
to	O
the	O
cabinet	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


The	O
cabinet	O
will	O
request	O
the	B-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
to	O
authorize	O
an	O
extraordinary	O
budget	O
allocation	O
to	O
cover	O
the	O
purchase	O
of	O
oil	O
containment	O
booms	O
,	O
sorbents	O
,	O
helicopters	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
equipment	O
needed	O
for	O
responding	O
to	O
oil	O
spills	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
authorities	O
did	O
not	O
respond	O
in	O
the	O
critical	O
first	O
few	O
hours	O
and	O
days	O
following	O
the	O
spill	O
.	O


This	O
failure	O
focused	O
renewed	O
attention	O
on	O
poor	O
coordination	O
between	O
the	O
central	O
and	O
local	O
governments	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
public	O
opinion	O
poll	O
,	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
70	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
respondents	O
indicated	O
dissatisfaction	O
with	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
handling	O
of	O
the	O
oil	O
spill	O
.	O


With	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
huge	O
volume	O
of	O
international	O
shipping	O
,	O
oil	O
spills	O
are	O
becoming	O
a	O
serious	O
problem	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
recent	O
spill	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
was	O
small	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
10,000	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
spills	O
that	O
have	O
occurred	O
elsewhere	O
,	O
the	O
situation	O
here	O
is	O
worrisome	O
because	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
petroleum	O
importer	O
,	O
oil	O
tankers	O
ply	O
the	O
waters	O
around	O
our	O
island	O
in	O
swarms	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
telling	O
when	O
the	O
next	O
spill	O
might	O
happen	O
.	O


While	O
acknowledging	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
drafting	O
emergency	O
response	O
plans	O
,	O
academics	O
argue	O
that	O
an	O
even	O
more	O
pressing	O
task	O
facing	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
to	O
catalog	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
marine	O
resources	O
.	O


Otherwise	O
,	O
they	O
say	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
impossible	O
to	O
press	O
reparation	O
claims	O
against	O
shipping	O
companies	O
that	O
accurately	O
reflect	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
damages	O
.	O


The	O
lack	O
of	O
a	O
detailed	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
Lungkeng	B-GPE
ecology	O
presents	O
a	O
perfect	O
case	O
in	O
point	O
.	O


Similarly	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
recent	O
spate	O
of	O
forest	O
fires	O
in	O
central	O
and	O
southern	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
scholars	O
have	O
again	O
reacted	O
by	O
calling	O
on	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
begin	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
with	O
ongoing	O
studies	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
forest	O
habitats	O
.	O


Investigations	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
forest	O
fires	O
plaguing	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
been	O
caused	O
by	O
campfires	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
recent	O
fires	O
have	O
been	O
put	O
out	O
fairly	O
quickly	O
,	O
a	O
blaze	O
on	O
Snow	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
caused	O
alarm	O
when	O
it	O
burned	O
near	O
a	O
stand	O
of	O
rare	O
Chinese	B-NORP
hemlock	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
streams	O
that	O
are	O
home	O
to	O
the	O
Formosan	B-NORP
landlocked	O
salmon	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
regarded	O
as	O
a	O
national	O
treasure	O
.	O


Forestry	O
service	O
officials	O
indicate	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
blazes	O
has	O
caused	O
major	O
damage	O
,	O
but	O
the	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Agriculture	I-ORG
has	O
instructed	O
the	O
various	O
forestry	O
districts	O
to	O
step	O
up	O
patrols	O
to	O
keep	O
man	O
-	O
made	O
forest	O
fires	O
from	O
happening	O
again	O
and	O
again	O
.	O


Chao	B-PERSON
Jung	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
researcher	O
at	O
Taiwan	B-ORG
Forestry	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
,	O
feels	O
that	O
the	O
public	O
ought	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
forest	O
fires	O
and	O
the	O
oil	O
spill	O
in	O
Lungkeng	B-GPE
as	O
warnings	O
of	O
the	O
urgent	O
need	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
environment	O
in	O
which	O
we	O
live	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
Chao	B-PERSON
asks	O
:	O
What	O
are	O
the	O
scientific	O
criteria	O
for	O
deciding	O
when	O
a	O
forest	O
fire	O
has	O
caused	O
enough	O
damage	O
to	O
require	O
rehabilitation	O
of	O
the	O
environment	O
afterwards	O
?	O


Under	O
what	O
circumstances	O
is	O
it	O
okay	O
to	O
let	O
the	O
environment	O
recover	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
?	O


These	O
questions	O
require	O
ongoing	O
monitoring	O
and	O
research	O
before	O
objective	O
criteria	O
can	O
be	O
developed	O
and	O
environmental	O
rehabilitation	O
efforts	O
can	O
be	O
carried	O
out	O
properly	O
.	O


Once	O
an	O
environment	O
that	O
has	O
taken	O
shape	O
over	O
millions	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
is	O
destroyed	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
usually	O
beyond	O
man	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
undo	O
the	O
damage	O
.	O


Efforts	O
to	O
that	O
end	O
often	O
prove	O
fruitless	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
time	O
to	O
start	O
devoting	O
serious	O
thought	O
to	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
how	O
to	O
preserve	O
the	O
beauty	O
of	O
the	O
island	O
we	O
call	O
home	O
.	O


p.	O
67	B-CARDINAL


Fuel	O
oil	O
pouring	O
from	O
the	O
torn	O
hull	O
of	O
the	O
MV	O
Amorgos	O
has	O
sullied	O
the	O
beautiful	O
blue	O
waters	O
off	O
the	O
southern	O
tip	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Living	O
on	O
an	O
island	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
face	O
an	O
urgent	O
need	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
prevent	O
pollution	O
of	O
their	O
coastal	O
waters	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Hsiu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ming	I-PERSON
,	O
United	B-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


"	O
I	O
Can	O
Say	O
My	O
ABCs	O
!	O
"	O


English	B-LANGUAGE
Instruction	O
Goes	O
"	O
Prime	O
"	O
Time	O


-LRB-	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Sue	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
feng	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Sue	B-PERSON
Jollow	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Beginning	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
will	O
become	O
a	O
compulsory	O
subject	O
for	O
primary	O
school	O
students	O
in	O
grades	O
5	B-CARDINAL
and	O
6	B-CARDINAL
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
choruses	O
of	O
"	O
bo	O
-	O
po	O
-	O
mo	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
A	O
-	O
B	O
-	O
C	O
"	O
have	O
been	O
recited	O
in	O
primary	O
school	O
classrooms	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
now	O
.	O


Many	O
parents	O
begin	O
sending	O
their	O
children	O
to	O
"	O
bilingual	O
"	O
kindergartens	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
private	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
schools	O
long	O
before	O
,	O
hoping	O
to	O
provide	O
them	O
with	O
an	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
speaking	O
environment	O
from	O
an	O
early	O
age	O
to	O
prepare	O
them	O
to	O
compete	O
in	O
modern	O
society	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
world	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
learning	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


Is	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
getting	O
on	O
the	O
bandwagon	O
too	O
late	O
?	O


And	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
developments	O
have	O
taken	O
place	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
teaching	O
methodology	O
,	O
from	O
private	O
language	O
schools	O
to	O
the	O
education	O
system	O
itself	O
?	O


For	O
students	O
in	O
grades	O
1	B-CARDINAL
and	O
2	B-CARDINAL
,	O
school	O
should	O
finish	O
at	O
midday	B-TIME
,	O
but	O
at	O
Chunghsing	B-ORG
Primary	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
in	O
Hsimen	B-LOC
District	I-LOC
,	O
the	O
grade	O
2	B-CARDINAL
students	O
are	O
performing	O
an	O
abridged	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
play	O
"	O
Cinderella	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


Their	O
teacher	O
,	O
Shen	B-PERSON
,	O
says	O
the	O
line	O
"	O
My	O
Prince	B-PERSON
Charming	I-PERSON
!	O
"	O
and	O
the	O
young	O
girl	O
playing	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
Cinderella	B-PERSON
,	O
repeats	O
it	O
after	O
her	O
word	O
for	O
word	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
young	O
boy	O
playing	O
the	O
prince	O
replies	O
"	O
You	O
are	O
beautiful	O
!	O
"	O


Their	O
audience	O
of	O
classmates	O
breaks	O
into	O
laughter	O
.	O


After	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
class	O
plays	O
'	O
Teacher	O
Says	O
.	O
'	O


Speaking	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
the	O
teacher	O
tells	O
the	O
children	O
to	O
do	O
various	O
actions	O
:	O


stand	O
up	O
,	O
sit	O
down	O
,	O
touch	O
your	O
hair	O
,	O
touch	O
your	O
nose	O
...	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
gets	O
the	O
action	O
wrong	O
is	O
out	O
.	O


In	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
lesson	O
,	O
a	O
grade	O
4	B-CARDINAL
class	O
at	O
Jen	B-ORG
Ai	I-ORG
Primary	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
is	O
starting	O
sentences	O
with	O
'	O
I	O
can	O
.	O
'	O


The	O
teacher	O
explains	O
the	O
basic	O
pattern	O
then	O
the	O
class	O
begins	O
a	O
game	O
of	O
charades	O
.	O


Children	O
mime	O
movements	O
at	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
class	O
:	O
swimming	O
,	O
dancing	O
,	O
jumping	O
,	O
running	O
etc	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
classmates	O
have	O
to	O
use	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
to	O
describe	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
doing	O
.	O


Next	O
is	O
story	O
telling	O
time	O
;	O
today	O
's	O
story	O
is	O
about	O
a	O
child	O
who	O
just	O
ca	O
n't	O
stop	O
sneezing	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
he	O
so	O
sensitive	O
to	O
?	O


Is	O
it	O
dust	O
?	O


a	O
plant	O
?	O


perfume	O
?	O


pepper	O
?	O


the	O
story	O
finishes	O
as	O
the	O
bell	O
sounds	O
to	O
end	O
the	O
lesson	O
.	O


Forty	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
have	O
passed	O
in	O
the	O
blink	O
of	O
an	O
eye	O
.	O


After	O
4	B-TIME
pm	I-TIME
students	O
wearing	O
the	O
uniforms	O
of	O
Jen	B-ORG
Ai	I-ORG
,	O
Tunhua	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
Chien	B-ORG
An	I-ORG
primary	O
schools	O
stream	O
into	O
a	O
private	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
school	O
in	O
a	O
lane	O
off	O
Tunhua	B-FAC
South	I-FAC
Road	I-FAC
.	O


In	O
one	O
classroom	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
or	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
students	O
look	O
at	O
phonetic	O
symbols	O
on	O
the	O
blackboard	O
and	O
repeat	O
the	O
words	O
after	O
their	O
teacher	O
in	O
a	O
loud	O
chorus	O
,	O
learning	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
phonetic	O
symbols	O
and	O
the	O
letters	O
.	O


Putting	O
down	O
roots	O


Just	O
how	O
widespread	O
is	O
this	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
learning	O
among	O
our	O
primary	O
students	O
?	O


Mr.	O
Chen	B-PERSON
lives	O
in	O
Neihu	B-LOC
.	O


Four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
his	O
daughter	O
,	O
now	O
in	O
grade	O
3	B-CARDINAL
,	O
attended	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
classes	O
at	O
a	O
well	O
known	O
private	O
kindergarten	O
in	O
Neihu	B-LOC
.	O


Every	O
evening	O
just	O
on	O
dusk	O
the	O
kindergarten	O
's	O
minibus	O
would	O
pick	O
up	O
his	O
daughter	O
and	O
take	O
her	O
away	O
to	O
spend	O
two	O
happy	O
hours	O
each	O
day	O
in	O
a	O
"	O
totally	O
American	B-NORP
"	O
language	O
environment	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
your	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
is	O
good	O
,	O
it	O
gives	O
you	O
an	O
edge	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
essential	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Chen	B-PERSON
.	O


"	O
I	O
grew	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
rural	O
area	O
,	O
and	O
never	O
had	O
an	O
environment	O
like	O
this	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
made	O
my	O
way	O
into	O
the	O
wider	O
world	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
back	O
foot	O
compared	O
to	O
people	O
with	O
good	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O
"	O


He	O
wants	O
his	O
children	O
to	O
be	O
better	O
prepared	O
for	O
life	O
than	O
he	O
was	O
,	O
so	O
like	O
the	O
children	O
of	O
many	O
of	O
his	O
friends	O
and	O
relatives	O
,	O
they	O
began	O
learning	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
in	O
kindergarten	O
.	O


"	O
As	O
long	O
as	O
we	O
can	O
find	O
the	O
money	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
left	O
behind	O
at	O
the	O
starting	O
line	O
.	O
"	O


Even	O
though	O
the	O
fees	O
for	O
his	O
two	B-CARDINAL
children	O
to	O
attend	O
a	O
bilingual	O
kindergarten	O
came	O
to	O
NT$	B-MONEY
80,000	I-MONEY
for	O
just	O
one	B-CARDINAL
term	O
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
considers	O
it	O
"	O
money	O
well	O
spent	O
.	O
"	O


Mrs.	O
Liu	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
mother	O
living	O
on	O
Minsheng	B-FAC
East	I-FAC
Road	I-FAC
recalls	O
some	O
years	O
ago	O
,	O
before	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
teaching	O
in	O
primary	O
schools	O
started	O
in	O
earnest	O
.	O


Her	O
daughter	O
,	O
then	O
in	O
grade	O
3	B-CARDINAL
,	O
started	O
attending	O
a	O
private	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
school	O
.	O


She	O
really	O
enjoyed	O
it	O
and	O
she	O
found	O
she	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
educational	O
programs	O
on	O
the	O
radio	O
all	O
by	O
herself	O
.	O


"	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
is	O
definitely	O
an	O
international	O
language	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
become	O
indispensable	O
for	O
getting	O
by	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
-	O
like	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
computer	O
.	O


You	O
simply	O
ca	O
n't	O
find	O
work	O
without	O
it	O
.	O
"	O


These	O
days	O
learning	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
is	O
part	O
and	O
parcel	O
of	O
a	O
primary	O
student	O
's	O
life	O
,	O
unlike	O
their	O
parents	O
who	O
first	O
met	O
"	O
A	O
,	O
B	O
,	O
C	O
...	O
"	O
when	O
they	O
began	O
high	O
school	O
.	O


Following	O
on	O
research	O
done	O
by	O
Chu	B-PERSON
Hui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
mei	I-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
English	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
Municipal	I-ORG
Teachers	I-ORG
College	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
selected	O
19	B-CARDINAL
primary	O
schools	O
to	O
pilot	O
a	O
grade	O
3	B-CARDINAL
English	B-LANGUAGE
program	O
.	O


Together	O
with	O
schools	O
not	O
participating	O
in	O
this	O
pilot	O
program	O
,	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
there	O
were	O
already	O
112	B-CARDINAL
primary	O
schools	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
teaching	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
-LRB-	O
75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


That	O
same	O
year	O
,	O
Kaohsiung	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
selected	O
77	B-CARDINAL
primary	O
schools	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
program	O
for	O
grades	O
5	B-CARDINAL
and	O
6	B-CARDINAL
,	O
while	O
in	O
other	O
areas	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Taipei	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
Ilan	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
and	O
Yunlin	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
was	O
giving	O
more	O
urgency	O
to	O
the	O
promotion	O
of	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
in	O
primary	O
schools	O
.	O


English	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
teaching	O
in	O
primary	O
schools	O
is	O
a	O
key	O
plank	O
in	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
curriculum	O
reforms	O
to	O
take	O
us	O
into	O
the	O
new	O
century	O
.	O


As	O
early	O
as	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Educational	I-ORG
Reform	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
proposed	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
include	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
in	O
the	O
primary	O
school	O
curriculum	O
.	O


After	O
taking	O
office	O
the	O
former	O
Minister	B-ORG
for	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
,	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
,	O
put	O
forward	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
nine	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
integrated	O
curriculum	O
"	O
encompassing	O
primary	O
and	O
secondary	O
education	O
.	O


In	O
1998	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
President	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Academia	I-ORG
Sinica	I-ORG
,	O
Lee	B-PERSON
Yuan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tseh	I-PERSON
,	O
indicated	O
to	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Science	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Yuan	I-ORG
that	O
because	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
had	O
been	O
taught	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
"	O
discipline	O
"	O
rather	O
than	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
communication	O
tool	O
,	O
"	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
who	O
went	O
to	O
study	O
overseas	O
found	O
they	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
read	O
what	O
their	O
professors	O
had	O
prescribed	O
in	O
the	O
time	O
available	O
.	O


Morris	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-ORG
Semiconductor	I-ORG
Manufacturing	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	O
echoed	O
these	O
sentiments	O
,	O
pointing	O
out	O
that	O
compared	O
with	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
Singapore	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
competency	O
of	O
our	O
high	O
school	O
and	O
tertiary	O
graduates	O
is	O
inadequate	O
for	O
any	O
practical	O
use	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
affecting	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
access	O
to	O
information	O
and	O
acting	O
as	O
a	O
barrier	O
to	O
increasing	O
our	O
productivity	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
was	O
premier	O
,	O
Vincent	B-PERSON
Siew	I-PERSON
agreed	O
in	O
principle	O
to	O
introducing	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
instruction	O
in	O
the	O
earlier	O
years	O
of	O
schooling	O
.	O


Situational	O
ABC	O


In	O
actual	O
fact	O
,	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
for	O
children	O
was	O
already	O
popular	O
all	O
over	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
even	O
before	O
these	O
moves	O
.	O


In	O
1997	B-DATE
associate	O
professor	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Hsien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ta	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Taiwan	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
Linguistics	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
investigated	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
a	O
"	O
second	O
language	O
"	O
was	O
being	O
taught	O
in	O
public	O
and	O
privately	O
run	O
kindergartens	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
and	O
County	O
,	O
and	O
Hsinchu	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
and	O
County	O
,	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
79	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
were	O
doing	O
so	O
.	O


In	O
these	O
kindergartens	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
was	O
by	O
far	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
second	O
language	O
,	O
being	O
taught	O
in	O
77.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


In	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
the	O
figure	O
was	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


In	O
the	O
current	O
climate	O
of	O
almost	O
unanimous	O
community	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
expansion	O
of	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
teaching	O
into	O
early	O
education	O
,	O
the	O
primary	O
schools	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
with	O
its	O
rich	O
resources	O
,	O
were	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
pilot	O
this	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
investment	O
of	O
the	O
parents	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
crucial	O
.	O


Huang	B-PERSON
Yuan	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
tai	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
administrator	O
at	O
Chunghsing	B-ORG
Primary	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
gives	O
an	O
example	O
:	O


four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
a	O
parent	O
who	O
had	O
worked	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
approached	O
the	O
school	O
,	O
saying	O
that	O
at	O
home	O
they	O
often	O
told	O
their	O
children	O
stories	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
and	O
they	O
wanted	O
the	O
other	O
children	O
to	O
enjoy	O
similar	O
benefits	O
.	O


The	O
school	O
responded	O
positively	O
and	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
gathered	O
students	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
and	O
elementary	O
grades	O
together	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
group	O
in	O
the	O
school	O
hall	O
each	O
morning	O
in	O
their	O
study	O
hour	O
,	O
and	O
conducted	O
a	O
program	O
.	O


Two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
realizing	O
that	O
the	O
local	O
parents	O
had	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
daytime	O
,	O
the	O
school	O
began	O
holding	O
supplementary	O
after	O
-	O
school	O
classes	O
offering	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
lessons	O
every	O
Wednesday	O
afternoon	O
for	O
the	O
elementary	O
grades	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
parents	O
are	O
delighted	O
.	O


They	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
far	O
better	O
for	O
their	O
children	O
to	O
be	O
here	O
improving	O
their	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
than	O
sitting	O
at	O
home	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
a	O
TV	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
current	O
model	O
is	O
very	O
different	O
to	O
how	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
used	O
to	O
be	O
taught	O
in	O
secondary	O
schools	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
"	O
first	O
learn	O
to	O
read	O
and	O
write	O
,	O
then	O
learn	O
to	O
speak	O
.	O
"	O


English	O
lessons	O
for	O
children	O
emphasize	O
situations	O
,	O
fun	O
,	O
and	O
practice	O
.	O


"	O
We	O
're	O
basically	O
creating	O
the	O
same	O
environment	O
for	O
our	O
children	O
as	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
preschooler	O
would	O
have	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Shen	B-PERSON
Hui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lien	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
teacher	O
at	O
Chunghsing	B-ORG
Primary	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
.	O


On	O
Wednesday	O
afternoons	O
she	O
speaks	O
only	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
with	O
the	O
children	O
.	O


They	O
must	O
ask	O
"	O
May	O
I	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
bathroom	O
?	O
"	O


to	O
get	O
her	O
permission	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
room	O
when	O
the	O
need	O
arises	O
.	O


"	O
Children	O
in	O
these	O
earliest	O
grades	O
are	O
soak	O
up	O
everything	O
like	O
a	O
sponge	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
ideal	O
time	O
to	O
establish	O
their	O
listening	O
comprehension	O
and	O
pronunciation	O
.	O
"	O


Jen	B-ORG
Ai	I-ORG
Primary	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
has	O
over	B-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
classes	O
.	O


Eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
it	O
was	O
approached	O
by	O
a	O
parent	O
offering	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
school	O
to	O
teach	O
the	O
students	O
some	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
songs	O
and	O
tell	O
some	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
stories	O
.	O


A	O
few	O
years	O
ago	O
,	O
the	O
school	O
began	O
allowing	O
grades	O
1	B-CARDINAL
to	O
6	B-CARDINAL
to	O
turn	O
on	O
the	O
TV	O
sets	O
in	O
their	O
classrooms	O
every	O
morning	O
between	B-TIME
8:00	I-TIME
and	I-TIME
8:15	I-TIME
,	O
and	O
watch	O
simple	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
dialogue	O
videos	O
produced	O
by	O
their	O
teachers	O
.	O


Big	O
classes	O
,	O
little	O
practice	O


What	O
strikes	O
people	O
as	O
curious	O
is	O
,	O
if	O
their	O
schools	O
have	O
had	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
classes	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
now	O
then	O
why	O
do	O
so	O
many	O
students	O
need	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
private	O
language	O
schools	O
?	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hao	I-PERSON
,	O
another	O
teacher	O
at	O
Jen	B-ORG
Ai	I-ORG
Primary	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
at	O
least	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
600	I-CARDINAL
students	O
are	O
getting	O
extra	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
lessons	O
outside	O
school	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
they	O
were	O
n't	O
doing	O
this	O
extra	O
work	O
,	O
they	O
'd	O
never	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
keep	O
up	O
after	O
entering	O
junior	O
high	O
school	O
.	O
"	O


According	O
to	O
Mrs.	O
Su	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
mother	O
living	O
in	O
Tanshui	B-LOC
,	O
many	O
junior	O
high	O
schools	O
include	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
listening	O
comprehension	O
tests	O
in	O
the	O
entrance	O
examinations	O
and	O
if	O
primary	O
school	O
students	O
do	O
n't	O
improve	O
their	O
skills	O
then	O
they	O
simply	O
wo	O
n't	O
make	O
the	O
grade	O
.	O


In	O
her	O
family	O
the	O
problem	O
is	O
that	O
her	O
son	O
began	O
learning	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
when	O
he	O
was	O
four	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
so	O
when	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
primary	O
school	O
,	O
the	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
lessons	O
were	O
just	O
too	O
simple	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
really	O
need	O
small	O
class	O
sizes	O
for	O
the	O
training	O
of	O
listening	O
comprehension	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
another	O
thing	O
the	O
schools	O
can	O
not	O
provide	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
only	O
thing	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
keep	O
on	O
sending	O
him	O
to	O
the	O
private	O
language	O
school	O
,	O
where	O
classes	O
are	O
more	O
ideally	O
sized	O
.	O


Another	O
mother	O
,	O
Mrs.	O
Chang	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
lives	O
on	O
Chunghsiao	B-FAC
East	I-FAC
Road	I-FAC
,	O
recalls	O
what	O
happened	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
when	O
her	O
son	O
's	O
school	O
began	O
teaching	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


From	O
the	O
very	O
beginning	O
the	O
teacher	O
only	O
spoke	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
and	O
her	O
son	O
suffered	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
setbacks	O
.	O


"	O
He	O
just	O
could	O
n't	O
understand	O
a	O
thing	O
his	O
teacher	O
was	O
saying	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
asked	O
if	O
he	O
could	O
go	O
to	O
a	O
private	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
school	O
.	O
"	O


She	O
could	O
n't	O
see	O
any	O
other	O
choice	O
and	O
agreed	O
to	O
let	O
him	O
enroll	O
at	O
one	O
nearby	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
City	I-ORG
Government	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
invited	O
experts	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
working	O
team	O
to	O
visit	O
primary	O
schools	O
and	O
inspect	O
their	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
instruction	O
programs	O
.	O


It	O
found	O
that	O
for	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
teachers	O
,	O
the	O
greatest	O
difficulty	O
is	O
the	O
vast	O
range	O
of	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
levels	O
of	O
the	O
students	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
class	O
.	O


Some	O
have	O
been	O
learning	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
since	O
very	O
young	O
and	O
find	O
class	O
too	O
easy	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
when	O
the	O
lesson	O
starts	O
their	O
enthusiasm	O
evaporates	O
.	O


For	O
other	O
students	O
meeting	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
lessons	O
are	O
hard	O
going	O
.	O


Added	O
to	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
perennial	O
problem	O
of	O
class	O
sizes	O
being	O
too	O
large	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
enough	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
classes	O
scheduled	O
-	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
a	O
week	B-DATE
.	O


It	O
's	O
extremely	O
difficult	O
to	O
correct	O
pronunciation	O
problems	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
achieve	O
any	O
educational	O
goals	O
at	O
all	O
,	O
under	O
these	O
conditions	O
.	O


The	O
parents	O
have	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
concerns	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
teachers	O
only	O
speak	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
in	O
class	O
it	O
will	O
frighten	O
children	O
who	O
have	O
never	O
learnt	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
before	O
.	O


Some	O
teachers	O
teach	O
too	O
quickly	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
their	O
students	O
ca	O
n't	O
keep	O
up	O
,	O
so	O
all	O
parents	O
can	O
do	O
is	O
send	O
their	O
kids	O
to	O
private	O
language	O
schools	O
.	O


Singing	O
and	O
jumping	O
around	O
are	O
not	O
really	O
suitable	O
for	O
the	O
senior	O
grades	O
,	O
and	O
parents	O
hope	O
that	O
teachers	O
will	O
keep	O
in	O
mind	O
the	O
different	O
needs	O
of	O
different	O
age	O
groups	O
.	O


Parents	O
and	O
teachers	O
both	O
raised	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
"	O
ability	O
streaming	O
,	O
"	O
i.e.	O
,	O
different	O
classes	O
for	O
different	O
ability	O
levels	O
,	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
difficulties	O
of	O
large	O
classes	O
.	O


Educators	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
have	O
many	O
reservations	O
.	O


Chu	B-PERSON
Hui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
mei	I-PERSON
explains	O
,	O
"	O
Every	O
Chinese	B-NORP
family	O
is	O
preoccupied	O
with	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
ahead	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
but	O
our	O
past	O
experience	O
with	O
ability	O
-	O
based	O
class	O
groupings	O
has	O
taught	O
us	O
some	O
bitter	O
lessons	O
.	O
"	O


When	O
students	O
are	O
grouped	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
ability	O
,	O
some	O
parents	O
get	O
upset	O
when	O
their	O
children	O
are	O
placed	O
in	O
a	O
lower	O
level	O
group	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
them	O
lose	O
face	O
.	O


It	O
can	O
also	O
affect	O
the	O
children	O
's	O
confidence	O
.	O


"	O
We	O
have	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
students	O
.	O


People	O
need	O
to	O
think	O
about	O
what	O
resources	O
the	O
schools	O
have	O
,	O
and	O
whether	O
they	O
could	O
help	O
in	O
some	O
way	O
.	O
"	O


She	O
suggests	O
that	O
schools	O
can	O
organize	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
Clubs	O
for	O
the	O
more	O
advanced	O
students	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
teachers	O
can	O
provide	O
them	O
with	O
interesting	O
story	O
books	O
which	O
are	O
more	O
demanding	O
.	O


This	O
way	O
,	O
they	O
'll	O
feel	O
that	O
the	O
teacher	O
is	O
giving	O
them	O
some	O
attention	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
their	O
needs	O
are	O
also	O
being	O
catered	O
for	O
.	O


"	O
Private	O
language	O
schools	O
fill	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
small	O
-	O
group	O
learning	O
.	O
"	O


Professor	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Hsien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ta	I-PERSON
recommends	O
that	O
teachers	O
use	O
"	O
co-operative	O
learning	O
"	O
methods	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
divide	O
a	O
large	O
class	O
into	O
groups	O
to	O
discuss	O
what	O
they	O
would	O
buy	O
with	O
NT$	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
more	O
advanced	O
students	O
can	O
lead	O
the	O
discussion	O
,	O
which	O
gives	O
them	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
participation	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
activity	O
may	O
not	O
succeed	O
the	O
first	O
few	O
times	O
-	O
it	O
takes	O
time	O
to	O
get	O
used	O
to	O
group	O
learning	O
.	O


With	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
having	O
too	O
few	O
classes	O
a	O
week	O
and	O
learning	O
very	O
little	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
the	O
working	O
group	O
suggested	O
that	O
schools	O
could	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
times	O
such	O
as	O
early	O
-	O
morning	O
study	O
hour	O
,	O
cleaning	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
lunch	O
break	O
to	O
play	O
tapes	O
or	O
practise	O
speaking	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
to	O
give	O
students	O
more	O
exposure	O
to	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


Fewer	O
foreign	O
teachers	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
teaching	O
placed	O
too	O
much	O
emphasis	O
on	O
reading	O
and	O
writing	O
,	O
whereas	O
now	O
for	O
most	O
primary	O
school	O
students	O
,	O
"	O
learning	O
to	O
understand	O
and	O
speak	O
is	O
foremost	O
,	O
reading	O
and	O
writing	O
is	O
secondary	O
.	O
"	O


Nevertheless	O
many	O
people	O
have	O
reservations	O
about	O
the	O
pronunciation	O
of	O
the	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
teachers	O
in	O
our	O
primary	O
schools	O
.	O


Private	O
language	O
schools	O
also	O
seem	O
aware	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
prominently	O
advertise	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
they	O
employ	O
foreign	O
teachers	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
the	O
foreign	O
teachers	O
really	O
teach	O
more	O
effectively	O
than	O
our	O
local	O
teachers	O
?	O


"	O
Many	O
people	O
put	O
the	O
root	O
of	O
the	O
problems	O
they	O
had	O
learning	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
down	O
to	O
not	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
speak	O
.	O
"	O


Chu	B-PERSON
Hui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
mei	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
while	O
there	O
are	O
differences	O
it	O
's	O
difficult	O
to	O
say	O
whether	O
foreign	O
or	O
local	O
teachers	O
are	O
better	O
.	O


Native	O
speakers	O
of	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
"	O
may	O
not	O
understand	O
what	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
for	O
someone	O
learning	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
as	O
a	O
foreign	O
language	O
and	O
the	O
kinds	O
of	O
problems	O
they	O
face	O
.	O
"	O


Chu	B-PERSON
Hui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
mei	I-PERSON
took	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
inspection	O
visits	O
to	O
primary	O
schools	O
,	O
and	O
foung	O
that	O
local	O
teachers	O
understand	O
the	O
children	O
's	O
way	O
of	O
thinking	O
and	O
have	O
a	O
much	O
better	O
grasp	O
of	O
the	O
course	O
.	O


Foreign	O
teachers	O
'	O
strengths	O
lie	O
in	O
dialogue	O
and	O
accurate	O
pronunciation	O
.	O


Besides	O
,	O
"	O
We	O
ca	O
n't	O
put	O
the	O
whole	O
responsibility	O
of	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
teaching	O
onto	O
foreign	O
teachers	O
.	O
"	O


Several	O
years	O
ago	O
when	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
shortage	O
of	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
teachers	O
in	O
the	O
primary	O
schools	O
,	O
many	O
schools	O
employed	O
foreign	O
teachers	O
on	O
an	O
hourly	O
basis	O
,	O
or	O
made	O
staff	O
sharing	O
arrangements	O
with	O
private	O
language	O
schools	O
.	O


But	O
these	O
were	O
stopgap	O
measures	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
has	O
already	O
drawn	O
up	O
a	O
whole	O
range	O
of	O
plans	O
for	O
teacher	O
training	O
.	O


These	O
include	O
establishing	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
Teaching	O
Departments	O
at	O
teacher	O
training	O
colleges	O
and	O
supplementary	O
education	O
courses	O
at	O
tertiary	O
institutions	O
,	O
allowing	O
graduates	O
who	O
intend	O
to	O
become	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
teachers	O
in	O
primary	O
schools	O
to	O
obtain	O
official	O
teaching	O
qualifications	O
,	O
and	O
providing	O
further	O
training	O
for	O
qualified	O
teachers	O
who	O
have	O
never	O
taught	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
to	O
equip	O
them	O
with	O
appropriate	O
language	O
teaching	O
skills	O
and	O
methods	O
.	O


The	O
primary	O
school	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
train	O
has	O
already	O
left	O
the	O
station	O
.	O


What	O
can	O
we	O
look	O
forward	O
to	O
?	O


Yutsai	B-ORG
Primary	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
did	O
a	O
survey	O
of	O
how	O
parents	O
felt	O
about	O
the	O
primary	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
teaching	O
program	O
.	O


It	O
found	O
that	O
52	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
thought	O
that	O
the	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
stimulate	O
the	O
students	O
'	O
interest	O
in	O
learning	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
and	O
45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
thought	O
it	O
was	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
solid	O
grounding	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
for	O
the	O
children	O
while	O
they	O
were	O
still	O
young	O
.	O


Professor	O
Chang	B-PERSON
Hsien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ta	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
given	O
the	O
expansion	O
of	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
teaching	O
into	O
the	O
primary	O
schools	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
allow	O
a	O
great	O
gap	O
to	O
open	O
between	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
in	O
the	O
primary	O
and	O
the	O
secondary	O
schools	O
.	O


Primary	O
schools	O
include	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
games	O
and	O
activities	O
in	O
their	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
teaching	O
,	O
and	O
while	O
this	O
is	O
very	O
lively	O
,	O
if	O
all	O
it	O
amounts	O
to	O
is	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
jumping	O
around	O
and	O
loud	O
pronunciation	O
practice	O
,	O
the	O
children	O
may	O
get	O
a	O
quite	O
incorrect	O
idea	O
of	O
what	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
is	O
all	O
about	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
day	O
comes	O
that	O
they	O
go	O
to	O
high	O
school	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
settle	O
down	O
and	O
read	O
an	O
essay	O
,	O
they	O
could	O
well	O
find	O
that	O
really	O
boring	O
.	O


"	O
Listening	O
,	O
speaking	O
,	O
reading	O
and	O
writing	O
all	O
have	O
their	O
place	O
.	O


None	O
should	O
be	O
overemphasized	O
at	O
the	O
expense	O
of	O
the	O
others	O
.	O
"	O


"	O
The	O
way	O
children	O
learn	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
now	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Resources	O
have	O
improved	O
tremendously	O
,	O
and	O
how	O
things	O
are	O
done	O
has	O
changed	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
environment	O
.	O


The	O
younger	O
the	O
students	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
essential	O
it	O
is	O
to	O
pay	O
very	O
serious	O
attention	O
to	O
course	O
standards	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Chu	B-PERSON
Hui	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
mei	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
current	O
educational	O
mantra	O
is	O
"	O
student	O
centered	O
learning	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
the	O
teacher	O
's	O
role	O
is	O
extremely	O
important	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
her	O
understanding	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
primary	O
school	O
teachers	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
are	O
outstanding	O
.	O


"	O
What	O
we	O
envisage	O
as	O
a	O
reasonable	O
target	O
is	O
for	O
the	O
children	O
to	O
learn	O
to	O
hear	O
and	O
understand	O
-	O
and	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
say	O
-	O
200	B-CARDINAL
words	O
after	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O
"	O


She	O
wants	O
the	O
children	O
to	O
understand	O
how	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
words	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
use	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
use	O
them	O
whenever	O
the	O
opportunity	O
arises	O
.	O


She	O
also	O
hopes	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
get	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
pleasure	O
from	O
reading	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
storybooks	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
primary	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
program	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
subject	O
like	O
mathematics	O
or	O
Chinese	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


It	O
's	O
something	O
new	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
still	O
finding	O
its	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
curriculum	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Chien	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hao	I-PERSON
,	O
from	O
Jen	B-ORG
Ai	I-ORG
Primary	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
.	O


As	O
he	O
sees	O
it	O
,	O
the	O
children	O
must	O
not	O
feel	O
that	O
learning	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
is	O
putting	O
them	O
under	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
pressure	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
can	O
see	O
a	O
word	O
and	O
read	O
it	O
aloud	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
fine	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
leave	O
memorizing	O
word	O
lists	O
until	O
they	O
get	O
to	O
high	O
school	O
.	O


Children	O
come	O
into	O
contact	O
with	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
all	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
learn	O
from	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Little	I-WORK_OF_ART
English	I-WORK_OF_ART
Whiz	I-WORK_OF_ART
on	O
television	O
,	O
or	O
read	O
the	O
children	O
's	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
magazine	O
EZ	B-WORK_OF_ART
Talk	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Let	O
's	O
hope	O
they	O
'll	O
feel	O
completely	O
at	O
ease	O
speaking	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
and	O
enjoy	O
the	O
learning	O
process	O
.	O


p.	O
69	B-CARDINAL


Time	O
for	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
class	O
.	O


Taiwanese	B-NORP
kids	O
today	O
are	O
beginning	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
study	O
earlier	O
than	O
ever	O
before	O
.	O


p.	O
70	B-CARDINAL


Snowman	O
,	O
present	O
,	O
candy	O
,	O
socks	O
...	O
With	O
the	O
words	O
and	O
pictures	O
side	O
-	O
by	O
-	O
side	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
blackboard	O
,	O
the	O
kids	O
grasp	O
immediately	O
that	O
the	O
subject	O
is	O
Christmas	B-EVENT
.	O


Singing	O
songs	O
is	O
a	O
popular	O
technique	O
for	O
teaching	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
to	O
kids	O
.	O


p.	O
71	B-CARDINAL


In	O
both	O
quantity	O
and	O
quality	O
,	O
the	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
teaching	O
materials	O
of	O
today	O
leave	O
those	O
of	O
before	O
in	O
the	O
dust	O
.	O


p.	O
72	B-CARDINAL


It	O
has	O
become	O
popular	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
to	O
send	O
children	O
to	O
academic	O
camps	O
overseas	O
to	O
learn	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
while	O
getting	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
big	O
,	O
wide	O
world	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
The	B-ORG
Farmhouse	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


p.	O
73	B-CARDINAL


The	O
nice	O
thing	O
about	O
languages	O
is	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


For	O
people	O
living	O
in	O
cosmopolitan	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
there	O
are	O
lots	O
of	O
opportunities	O
to	O
speak	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


p.	O
74	B-CARDINAL


It	O
's	O
not	O
just	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
schools	O
and	O
teachers	O
to	O
spur	O
children	O
's	O
interest	O
in	O
language	O
.	O


Parents	O
should	O
also	O
look	O
at	O
picture	O
books	O
with	O
their	O
children	O
to	O
get	O
them	O
used	O
to	O
foreign	O
languages	O
.	O


Pinglin	B-GPE
,	O


Tea	O
Capital	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
County	I-GPE


-LRB-	O
Lin	B-PERSON
I	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsien	I-PERSON
/	O
photos	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Sue	B-PERSON
Jollow	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Take	O
a	O
pinch	O
of	O
Pouchong	O
tea	O
leaves	O
,	O
place	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
cup	O
of	O
boiling	O
-	O
hot	O
water	O
,	O
and	O
before	O
the	O
second	O
hand	O
on	O
the	O
clock	O
has	O
completed	O
a	O
revolution	O
,	O
you	O
'll	O
be	O
assailed	O
by	O
the	O
delicate	O
fragrance	O
of	O
the	O
freshly	O
made	O
golden	O
green	O
brew	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
same	O
sweet	O
fragrance	O
that	O
fills	O
the	O
air	O
everywhere	O
you	O
go	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
in	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
.	O


Pinglin	B-GPE
Township	I-GPE
is	O
situated	O
in	O
rural	O
southern	O
Taipei	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
.	O


Being	O
relatively	O
remote	O
,	O
the	O
area	O
was	O
not	O
developed	O
until	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
18th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


Pinglin	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
pocket	O
of	O
level	O
ground	O
set	O
in	O
mountain	O
forests	O
,	O
whence	O
its	O
name	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
"	O
forest	O
on	O
level	O
ground	O
.	O
"	O


Arriving	O
there	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
greeted	O
by	O
mountainsides	O
of	O
emerald	O
green	O
surrounding	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
winding	O
through	O
it	O
the	B-LOC
Peishih	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
,	O
its	O
crystal	O
waters	O
so	O
clear	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
right	O
to	O
the	O
bottom	O
.	O


The	O
population	O
is	O
steady	O
at	O
about	B-CARDINAL
6,000	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
7,000	I-CARDINAL
.	O


It	O
seems	O
just	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
was	O
20	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
odd	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
gives	O
the	O
impression	O
that	O
in	O
another	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
time	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
still	O
retain	O
this	O
way	O
of	O
life	O
without	O
the	O
constant	O
hankering	O
for	O
more	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
it	O
about	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
,	O
nestled	O
on	O
the	O
outskirts	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
that	O
makes	O
it	O
able	O
to	O
maintain	O
an	O
idyllic	O
life	O
free	O
from	O
the	O
lure	O
of	O
material	O
gain	O
?	O


Roll	O
out	O
the	O
red	O
tape	O


In	O
1979	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-LAW
Urban	I-LAW
Development	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
placed	O
the	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
area	O
under	O
controls	O
pertaining	O
to	O
Taipei	B-GPE
's	O
water	O
catchment	O
areas	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
then	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
extremely	O
difficult	O
to	O
cultivate	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
's	O
agricultural	O
land	O
.	O


Nor	O
can	O
more	O
buildings	O
be	O
put	O
up	O
to	O
cater	O
to	O
any	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
population	O
.	O


All	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
done	O
are	O
just	O
very	O
minimal	O
repairs	O
and	O
renovations	O
to	O
the	O
already	O
existing	O
housing	O
stock	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
has	O
caused	O
a	O
sharp	O
decline	O
in	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
land	O
there	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
myriad	O
regulations	O
,	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
's	O
population	O
has	O
plummeted	O
.	O


Although	O
many	O
want	O
to	O
return	O
,	O
they	O
often	O
shy	O
away	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
difficulties	O
life	O
in	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
would	O
entail	O
.	O


Chen	B-PERSON
Hsin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ping	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
man	O
in	O
his	O
early	B-DATE
twenties	I-DATE
who	O
works	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Ping	I-ORG
Lin	I-ORG
Tea	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
.	O


Drinking	O
some	O
wine	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
"	O
Here	O
in	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
we	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
single	O
entertainment	O
venue	O
.	O


Really	O
,	O
not	O
one	O
.	O


And	O
all	O
the	O
regulations	O
drive	O
us	O
crazy	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
house	O
or	O
do	O
some	O
extension	O
,	O
there	O
'll	O
be	O
some	O
person	O
coming	O
to	O
investigate	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
always	O
the	O
same	O
,	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
that	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
many	O
restrictions	O
safeguard	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
's	O
beautiful	O
natural	O
setting	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
exact	O
a	O
heavy	O
toll	O
from	O
the	O
local	O
people	O
.	O


Luckily	O
,	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
produces	O
fine	O
tea	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
alcohol	O
in	O
which	O
they	O
drown	O
their	O
cares	O
.	O


A	O
refined	O
air	O


Pinglin	B-GPE
is	O
an	O
ideal	O
location	O
for	O
tea	O
cultivation	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
doing	O
it	O
since	O
way	O
back	O
,	O
but	O
after	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
started	O
winning	O
first	O
prizes	O
in	O
the	O
provincial	O
government	O
's	O
tea	O
competitions	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
began	O
to	O
pay	O
serious	O
attention	O
to	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
tea	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
seeing	O
the	O
profitability	O
of	O
tea	O
,	O
almost	O
all	O
the	O
local	O
farmers	O
began	O
specializing	O
in	O
tea	O
.	O


The	O
freshly	O
picked	O
tips	O
of	O
Oolong	O
tea	O
,	O
with	O
their	O
green	O
buds	O
and	O
twin	O
leaves	O
,	O
become	O
a	O
bright	O
and	O
luminous	O
gold	O
when	O
steeped	O
in	O
hot	O
water	O
.	O


Whether	O
sold	O
domestically	O
or	O
exported	O
,	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
's	O
Pouchong	O
tea	O
enjoys	O
a	O
wide	O
market	O
and	O
good	O
distribution	O
channels	O
.	O


Both	O
superior	O
and	O
inferior	O
grades	O
of	O
tea	O
bring	O
a	O
good	O
return	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
for	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
,	O
life	O
revolves	O
around	O
tea	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
spring	O
and	O
autumn	O
tea	O
harvests	O
are	O
on	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
every	O
household	O
can	O
barely	O
snatch	O
four	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
sleep	O
a	O
night	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
whole	O
sequence	O
from	O
picking	O
the	O
tea	O
leaves	O
and	O
processing	O
them	O
into	O
their	O
final	O
form	O
,	O
requires	O
more	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
ten	I-TIME
uninterrupted	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
at	O
the	O
least	O
.	O


The	O
fragrance	O
of	O
tea	O
accompanies	O
them	O
to	O
bed	O
each	O
night	O
,	O
and	O
awaits	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
.	O


The	O
days	O
go	O
on	O
in	O
this	O
fashion	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
.	O


Huang	B-PERSON
Kuei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ying	I-PERSON
lives	O
in	O
rural	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
a	O
young	O
girl	O
she	O
helped	O
with	O
the	O
tea	O
work	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
her	O
husband	O
also	O
cultivated	O
tea	O
.	O


Remembering	O
the	O
grueling	O
heat	O
of	O
summer	O
,	O
she	O
sighs	O
,	O
"	O
Women	O
in	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
have	O
a	O
really	O
hard	O
life	O
.	O


They	O
get	O
barely	O
a	O
few	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
sleep	O
a	O
night	O
in	O
tea	O
-	O
picking	O
season	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
still	O
have	O
to	O
look	O
after	O
their	O
family	O
and	O
the	O
housework	O
.	O
"	O


Her	O
neighbour	O
,	O
Lin	B-PERSON
,	O
laughs	O
in	O
agreement	O
,	O
"	O
Tea	O
processing	O
,	O
it	O
just	O
kills	O
you	O
!	O
"	O


The	B-ORG
Hsin	I-ORG
Ping	I-ORG
Tea	I-ORG
Emporium	I-ORG
has	O
won	O
numerous	O
awards	O
in	O
tea	O
competitions	O
.	O


The	O
proprietor	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Chen	B-PERSON
,	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
tea	O
since	O
he	O
was	O
very	O
young	O
:	O
"	O
I	O
never	O
got	O
very	O
far	O
in	O
school	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
best	O
thing	O
is	O
to	O
keep	O
on	O
growing	O
tea	O
.	O
"	O


When	O
we	O
turned	O
to	O
the	O
secret	O
of	O
how	O
to	O
process	O
good	O
tea	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Chen	B-PERSON
was	O
spare	O
with	O
words	O
.	O


"	O
You	O
need	O
focus	O
,	O
and	O
experience	O
.	O
"	O


Indeed	O
,	O
to	O
pick	O
tea	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
weather	O
and	O
then	O
,	O
after	O
selecting	O
just	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
to	O
pick	O
,	O
you	O
carry	O
out	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
fermentation	O
steps	O
that	O
vary	O
depending	O
on	O
just	O
what	O
the	O
leaves	O
are	O
like	O
that	O
day	O
.	O


How	O
long	O
should	O
the	O
leaves	O
ferment	O
outdoors	O
?	O


How	O
long	O
indoors	O
?	O


These	O
questions	O
are	O
decided	O
by	O
the	O
grower	O
,	O
using	O
everything	O
at	O
his	O
disposal	O
-	O
eyes	O
,	O
nose	O
,	O
heart	O
,	O
mind	O
,	O
mouth	O
,	O
and	O
hands	O
,	O
all	O
working	O
in	O
harmony	O
.	O


A	O
tiny	O
bit	O
more	O
,	O
a	O
second	B-TIME
less	O
-	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
discipline	O
and	O
an	O
art	O
.	O


Following	O
fermentation	O
,	O
step	O
by	O
step	O
,	O
the	O
tips	O
are	O
withered	O
and	O
crumbled	O
,	O
any	O
lumps	O
are	O
broken	O
up	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
tips	O
are	O
fired	O
.	O


Each	O
of	O
these	O
steps	O
affects	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
finished	O
product	O
.	O


The	O
timing	O
must	O
be	O
accurately	O
calculated	O
,	O
the	O
temperature	O
must	O
be	O
precise	O
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
standards	O
to	O
follow	O
.	O


Absolutely	O
everything	O
relies	O
on	O
each	O
grower	O
's	O
store	O
of	O
personal	O
experience	O
.	O


Tough	O
times	O
ahead	O
for	O
tea	O
growers	O
?	O


The	O
annual	O
tea	O
competition	O
in	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
chance	O
for	O
tea	O
growers	O
to	O
talk	O
shop	O
.	O


They	O
examine	O
and	O
appraise	O
the	O
teas	O
,	O
note	O
the	O
aroma	O
and	O
the	O
color	O
of	O
the	O
steeped	O
tea	O
,	O
and	O
assess	O
the	O
good	O
and	O
bad	O
points	O
of	O
every	O
family	O
's	O
tea	O
.	O


Different	O
grades	O
will	O
bring	O
different	O
prices	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


Award	O
-	O
winning	O
teas	O
often	O
sell	O
out	O
.	O


For	O
better	O
or	O
worse	O
,	O
the	O
tea	O
growers	O
'	O
reputations	O
are	O
made	O
on	O
such	O
occasions	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Chen	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
growers	O
compare	O
themselves	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
discussing	O
their	O
processing	O
methods	O
.	O


When	O
someone	O
does	O
n't	O
do	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
they	O
had	O
hoped	O
in	O
a	O
tea	O
competition	O
,	O
they	O
try	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
why	O
their	O
tea	O
did	O
n't	O
match	O
up	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
other	O
growers	O
.	O


"	O
You	O
need	O
to	O
constantly	O
reflect	O
,	O
review	O
and	O
discuss	O
your	O
processing	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
quality	O
.	O
"	O


These	O
days	O
,	O
about	B-PERCENT
80	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
still	O
depend	O
on	O
tea	O
for	O
their	O
livelihood	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
economy	O
slowing	O
down	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
tea	O
is	O
not	O
as	O
easy	O
to	O
sell	O
as	O
it	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
there	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
vigorous	O
export	O
market	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
countries	O
of	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
have	O
cut	O
into	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


Pinglin	B-GPE
has	O
always	O
specialized	O
in	O
quality	O
teas	O
rather	O
than	O
cater	O
to	O
the	O
mass	O
-	O
production	O
foreign	O
tea	O
markets	O
,	O
but	O
if	O
even	O
domestic	O
sales	O
are	O
having	O
difficulties	O
,	O
what	O
can	O
the	O
growers	O
do	O
to	O
ensure	O
their	O
livelihoods	O
?	O


Huang	B-PERSON
Kuei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
ying	I-PERSON
also	O
comments	O
that	O
tea	O
is	O
n't	O
as	O
easy	O
to	O
sell	O
as	O
it	O
once	O
was	O
.	O


Growers	O
are	O
sometimes	O
exploited	O
by	O
middlemen	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
tea	O
grown	O
with	O
their	O
sweat	O
and	O
blood	O
ends	O
up	O
being	O
sold	O
for	O
a	O
very	O
low	O
price	O
.	O


"	O
It	O
's	O
terrible	O
!	O


Many	O
growers	O
just	O
ca	O
n't	O
find	O
words	O
for	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
,	O
especially	O
with	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
later	O
,	O
joining	O
that	O
whatever	O
-	O
it	O
-	O
is	O
trade	O
organization	O
.	O


That	O
could	O
really	O
be	O
a	O
disaster	O
!	O
"	O


Huang	B-PERSON
's	O
concerns	O
may	O
well	O
be	O
shared	O
by	O
many	O
others	O
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Chen	B-PERSON
has	O
deep	O
confidence	O
,	O
"	O
As	O
long	O
as	O
our	O
tea	O
is	O
good	O
,	O
we	O
need	O
n't	O
fear	O
that	O
no	O
-	O
one	O
will	O
buy	O
it	O
!	O
"	O


The	O
township	O
chief	O
,	O
Liang	B-PERSON
Chin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
,	O
does	O
n't	O
hide	O
his	O
pride	O
in	O
and	O
his	O
concerns	O
about	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
's	O
tea	O
industry	O
.	O


Says	O
Liang	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
Here	O
in	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
we	O
worship	O
tea	O
as	O
a	O
god	O
.	O


We	O
look	O
after	O
it	O
like	O
a	O
sweetheart	O
.	O
"	O


As	O
well	O
as	O
encouraging	O
the	O
local	O
people	O
to	O
constantly	O
enhance	O
their	O
tea	O
growing	O
and	O
processing	O
skills	O
,	O
he	O
devotes	O
even	O
more	O
energy	O
to	O
managing	O
the	O
"	O
tea	O
culture	O
"	O
to	O
which	O
tea	O
has	O
given	O
rise	O
,	O
including	O
by	O
-	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
tea	O
pastries	O
and	O
similar	O
light	O
refreshments	O
.	O


But	O
far	O
more	O
important	O
,	O
is	O
to	O
draw	O
deeply	O
on	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
's	O
unique	O
and	O
refined	O
qualities	O
as	O
a	O
tea	O
district	O
and	O
imbue	O
the	O
hearts	O
and	O
minds	O
of	O
local	O
inhabitants	O
and	O
visitors	O
alike	O
with	O
a	O
deep	O
appreciation	O
of	O
tea	O
culture	O
.	O


With	O
this	O
in	O
mind	O
they	O
are	O
training	O
local	O
people	O
to	O
do	O
voluntary	O
cultural	O
work	O
,	O
organizing	O
activities	O
associated	O
with	O
tea	O
,	O
producing	O
and	O
conserving	O
local	O
gazetteers	O
and	O
histories	O
,	O
all	O
richly	O
steeped	O
in	O
the	O
style	O
and	O
romance	O
of	O
tea	O
.	O


Speaking	O
of	O
the	O
assaults	O
they	O
face	O
with	O
the	O
opening	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
the	O
township	O
chief	O
knits	O
his	O
brows	O
tightly	O
,	O


"	O
I	O
hope	O
the	O
government	O
can	O
do	O
something	O
substantial	O
to	O
promote	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
tea	O
and	O
draw	O
up	O
regulations	O
for	O
proper	O
channels	O
for	O
marketing	O
tea	O
.	O


Let	O
everyone	O
see	O
how	O
good	O
it	O
is	O
to	O
drink	O
tea	O
,	O
and	O
experience	O
for	O
themselves	O
tea	O
's	O
benefits	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
that	O
tea	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
market	O
;	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
younger	O
generation	O
will	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
take	O
over	O
from	O
us	O
.	O
"	O


Hoping	O
for	O
fewer	O
regulations	O


In	O
early	O
times	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
was	O
a	O
key	O
waystation	O
on	O
the	B-FAC
Old	I-FAC
Tan	I-FAC
Lan	I-FAC
Trail	I-FAC
leading	O
from	O
Taipei	B-GPE
to	O
Ilan	B-GPE
.	O


These	O
days	O
the	O
old	O
road	O
has	O
been	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	B-FAC
Taipei	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Ilan	I-FAC
Highway	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
current	O
road	O
brings	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
visitors	O
to	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
and	O
has	O
made	O
transport	O
of	O
the	O
tea	O
produce	O
much	O
easier	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
originally	O
thought	O
that	O
the	B-FAC
Taipei	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Ilan	I-FAC
Expressway	I-FAC
,	O
due	O
for	O
completion	O
in	O
2003	B-DATE
,	O
would	O
also	O
bring	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
new	O
benefits	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
now	O
planning	O
to	O
restrict	O
the	O
interchange	O
to	O
only	O
large	O
vehicles	O
and	O
locals	O
from	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
water	O
catchment	O
area	O
.	O


The	O
township	O
chief	O
throws	O
up	O
his	O
hands	O
and	O
comments	O
with	O
exasperation	O
that	O
in	O
everything	O
the	O
government	O
has	O
done	O
it	O
has	O
treated	O
the	O
local	O
people	O
officiously	O
and	O
shown	O
no	O
confidence	O
in	O
them	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
view	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
should	O
think	O
of	O
some	O
way	O
whereby	O
both	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
water	O
resource	O
protection	O
zone	O
can	O
coexist	O
and	O
prosper	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
're	O
afraid	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
expressway	O
will	O
bring	O
hordes	O
of	O
people	O
and	O
pollute	O
the	O
water	O
resources	O
,	O
then	O
what	O
they	O
should	O
do	O
,	O
within	O
reasonable	O
bounds	O
,	O
is	O
allow	O
the	O
people	O
here	O
to	O
build	O
public	O
facilities	O
for	O
visitors	O
which	O
will	O
help	O
minimise	O
their	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
local	O
ecology	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
public	O
toilets	O
and	O
comprehensive	O
rubbish	O
disposal	O
.	O


This	O
would	O
give	O
people	O
from	O
outside	O
the	O
area	O
more	O
opportunity	O
to	O
appreciate	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
's	O
idyllic	O
natural	O
setting	O
.	O


The	O
local	O
people	O
have	O
formed	O
a	O
fish	O
conservation	O
team	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
the	B-LOC
Peishih	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
is	O
now	O
protected	O
.	O


Many	O
prized	O
species	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
fish	O
are	O
being	O
propagated	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
pristine	O
forests	O
are	O
ancient	O
pine	O
forests	O
with	O
species	O
unique	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
deep	O
blue	O
skies	O
attract	O
waves	O
of	O
students	O
to	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
to	O
camp	O
out	O
and	O
observe	O
the	O
stars	O
.	O


The	O
calloused	O
hands	O
of	O
the	O
tea	O
growers	O
are	O
steeped	O
with	O
the	O
vitality	O
of	O
tea	O
.	O


Last	O
year	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
's	O
Pouchong	O
tea	O
earned	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Presidential	I-WORK_OF_ART
Seal	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


The	O
tea	O
growers	O
straighten	O
their	O
backs	O
,	O
throwing	O
themselves	O
into	O
the	O
tea	O
processing	O
,	O
and	O
wait	O
for	O
their	O
sons	O
and	O
grandsons	O
to	O
come	O
home	O
and	O
enjoy	O
a	O
cup	O
of	O
fine	O
tea	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
next	O
time	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
,	O
please	O
do	O
n't	O
just	O
treat	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
quick	O
pitstop	O
.	O


Sit	O
down	O
for	O
a	O
pot	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
tea	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Pinglin	B-GPE
Facts	O
and	O
Figures	O


Pinglin	B-GPE
is	O
located	O
on	O
the	B-FAC
Taipei	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Ilan	I-FAC
Highway	I-FAC
,	O
38	B-QUANTITY
km	I-QUANTITY
east	O
of	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
42	B-QUANTITY
km	I-QUANTITY
west	O
of	O
Ilan	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
area	O
,	O
covering	O
171	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometres	I-QUANTITY
,	O
is	O
mostly	O
mountainous	O
,	O
with	O
the	B-LOC
Fushih	I-LOC
Mountains	I-LOC
to	O
the	O
north	O
,	O
the	B-LOC
Ayu	I-LOC
Mountains	I-LOC
to	O
the	O
south	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-LOC
Peishih	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
meandering	O
through	O
it	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
population	O
of	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
6000	I-CARDINAL
is	O
concentrated	O
here	O
in	O
the	O
river	O
's	O
small	O
floodplain	O
.	O


Pinglin	B-GPE
Township	I-GPE
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
water	O
resource	O
protection	O
zone	O
around	O
Feitsui	B-FAC
Reservoir	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
natural	O
scenery	O
is	O
pure	O
and	O
fresh	O
,	O
serenely	O
beautiful	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
wonderful	O
sightseeing	O
destination	O
.	O


Whether	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
serenity	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
Hutung	B-FAC
trail	I-FAC
,	O
the	B-FAC
Yukuang	I-FAC
Nanshan	I-FAC
Temple	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
natural	O
landscape	O
of	O
Chienshan	B-LOC
Lake	I-LOC
,	O
the	B-FAC
Chiuchiungken	I-FAC
Forest	I-FAC
Paths	I-FAC
,	O
air	O
plants	O
,	O
and	O
ancient	O
pines	O
,	O
the	B-LOC
Shihkung	I-LOC
Chiwei	I-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
Lookout	I-LOC
,	O
or	O
go	O
on	O
a	O
cross-country	O
tour	O
of	O
the	O
tea	O
district	O
,	O
all	O
will	O
transport	O
you	O
into	O
a	O
world	O
of	O
beautiful	O
mountain	O
and	O
river	O
scenery	O
.	O


Pinglin	B-GPE
's	O
main	O
produce	O
is	O
tea	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
famous	O
Wenshan	B-PRODUCT
Pouchong	I-PRODUCT
tea	I-PRODUCT
is	O
pre-eminent	O
amongst	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
teas	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
visit	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
,	O
you	O
'll	O
want	O
to	O
enjoy	O
the	O
local	O
brew	O
and	O
maybe	O
buy	O
some	O
to	O
take	O
back	O
home	O
,	O
but	O
do	O
n't	O
forget	O
to	O
visit	O
the	B-ORG
Ping	I-ORG
Lin	I-ORG
Tea	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
'll	O
help	O
you	O
understand	O
much	O
more	O
about	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
tea	O
.	O


HOW	O
TO	O
GET	O
THERE	O
:	O


By	O
car	O
,	O
take	O
the	B-FAC
Taipei	I-FAC
Ilan	I-FAC
Highway	I-FAC
.	O


You	O
can	O
also	O
take	O
a	O
Taiwan	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Transport	I-ORG
bus	O
from	O
Taipei	B-FAC
North	I-FAC
Station	I-FAC
,	O
or	O
the	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
bus	O
from	O
outside	O
the	B-FAC
Public	I-FAC
Insurance	I-FAC
Building	I-FAC
.	O


-LRB-	O
information	O
provided	O
by	O
Pinglin	B-ORG
Township	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


p.	O
86	B-CARDINAL


Pinglin	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
vast	O
array	O
of	O
tea	O
plantations	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
glossy	O
plants	O
flourish	O
in	O
this	O
ideal	O
natural	O
setting	O
.	O


p.	O
88	B-CARDINAL


Pinglin	B-GPE
's	O
main	O
boulevard	O
is	O
lined	O
with	O
tea	O
merchants	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
great	O
pleasures	O
of	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
is	O
to	O
sample	O
teas	O
,	O
enjoy	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
tea	O
pastries	O
and	O
refreshments	O
,	O
and	O
watch	O
the	O
local	O
proprietors	O
make	O
tea	O
.	O


p.	O
89	B-CARDINAL


-LRB-	O
facing	O
page	O
,	O
upper	O
left	O
-RRB-	O


Jasmine	O
tea	O
prawns	O
,	O
tea	O
dumplings	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
Pinglin	B-GPE
offers	O
a	O
wonderful	O
range	O
of	O
refreshments	O
,	O
a	O
veritable	O
tea	O
banquet	O
.	O


Different	O
teas	O
are	O
best	O
enjoyed	O
with	O
different	O
accompaniments	O
to	O
do	O
them	O
justice	O
and	O
bring	O
out	O
their	O
full	O
flavour	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Shihfang	I-ORG
Teahouse	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


A	O
Chinese	B-NORP
Director	O
Makes	O
Her	O
Mark	O
in	O
Australia	B-GPE


-LRB-	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Sue	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
feng	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Jonathan	B-PERSON
Barnard	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Some	O
people	O
are	O
calling	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
cent	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
ury	I-DATE
the	O
century	O
of	O
the	O
dragon	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
ethnic	O
Chinese	B-NORP
filmmakers	O
there	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
some	O
truth	O
to	O
the	O
designation	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
Ang	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Crouching	B-WORK_OF_ART
Tiger	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hidden	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dragon	I-WORK_OF_ART
won	O
Golden	B-WORK_OF_ART
Globes	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	O
best	O
director	O
and	O
best	O
foreign	O
-	O
language	O
film	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
10	B-CARDINAL
Oscar	B-WORK_OF_ART
nominations	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Cheng	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
sheng	I-PERSON
won	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Silver	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bear	I-WORK_OF_ART
at	O
the	B-EVENT
Berlin	I-EVENT
Film	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
for	O
Betelnut	B-WORK_OF_ART
Beauty	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Clara	B-PERSON
Law	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
earned	O
renown	O
in	O
Australia	B-GPE
for	O
Floating	B-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Goddess	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
1967	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
is	O
yet	O
another	O
ethnic	O
Chinese	B-NORP
filmmaker	O
winning	O
awards	O
at	O
international	O
festivals	O
.	O


Law	B-PERSON
has	O
produced	O
a	O
remarkably	O
varied	O
body	O
of	O
work	O
,	O
which	O
ranges	O
from	O
the	O
realistic	O
to	O
the	O
mythic	O
and	O
includes	O
such	O
films	O
as	O
Farewell	B-WORK_OF_ART
China	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
Temptation	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
Monk	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


She	O
is	O
especially	O
gifted	O
at	O
describing	O
the	O
experiences	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
emigrants	O
.	O


How	O
did	O
Law	B-PERSON
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
last	O
working	O
woman	O
directors	O
from	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
attain	O
Australian	B-NORP
government	O
film	O
grants	O
after	O
emigrating	O
there	O
?	O


Weighing	O
only	O
about	B-QUANTITY
40	I-QUANTITY
kilos	I-QUANTITY
,	O
Law	B-PERSON
looks	O
light	O
enough	O
to	O
blow	O
away	O
in	O
a	O
strong	O
wind	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
imagine	O
her	O
barking	O
out	O
orders	O
on	O
a	O
film	O
set	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
Law	B-PERSON
and	O
her	O
husband	O
Eddie	B-PERSON
Fong	I-PERSON
were	O
invited	O
to	O
attend	O
the	B-EVENT
Taipei	I-EVENT
Film	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Fong	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
screenwriter	O
and	O
director	O
,	O
revealed	O
,	O
"	O
Clara	B-PERSON
is	O
very	O
strong	O
willed	O
,	O
and	O
everyone	O
in	O
the	O
Australian	B-NORP
film	O
community	O
knows	O
that	O
she	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
pushed	O
around	O
and	O
rarely	O
compromises	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Goddess	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
1967	I-WORK_OF_ART
there	O
is	O
a	O
scene	O
where	O
the	O
girl	O
who	O
is	O
the	O
film	O
's	O
leading	O
character	O
-LRB-	O
played	O
by	O
Rose	B-PERSON
Byrne	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
and	O
her	O
mother	O
encounter	O
heavy	O
winds	O
in	O
their	O
car	O
.	O


The	O
film	O
crew	O
had	O
set	O
up	O
the	O
lights	O
to	O
shoot	O
this	O
scene	O
of	O
a	O
dust	O
storm	O
,	O
when	O
suddenly	O
Byrne	B-PERSON
said	O
she	O
was	O
hungry	O
and	O
wanted	O
to	O
rest	O
.	O


"	O
Clara	B-PERSON
knew	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
n't	O
really	O
hungry	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
that	O
she	O
just	O
found	O
it	O
difficult	O
to	O
concentrate	O
sometimes	O
since	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
she	O
had	O
been	O
in	O
a	O
film	O
,	O
so	O
she	O
told	O
Rose	B-PERSON
that	O
she	O
could	O
n't	O
eat	O
.	O


The	O
assistant	O
director	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
Australian	B-NORP
,	O
looked	O
aghast	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
Clara	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
witch	O
who	O
was	O
abusing	O
a	O
poor	O
child	O
.	O
"	O


The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Goddess	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
1967	I-WORK_OF_ART
refers	O
to	O
a	O
'67	B-DATE
Chevy	B-PRODUCT
named	O
"	O
Goddess	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
it	O
a	O
Japanese	B-NORP
man	O
goes	O
to	O
Australia	B-NORP
to	O
find	O
the	O
car	O
of	O
his	O
dreams	O
and	O
happens	O
to	O
meet	O
a	O
blind	O
girl	O
named	O
B.G.	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Byrne	B-PERSON
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
take	O
to	O
the	O
road	O
,	O
hoping	O
to	O
find	O
some	O
direction	O
to	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


For	O
her	O
performance	O
,	O
Byrne	B-PERSON
won	O
the	O
best	O
actress	O
award	O
at	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
Venice	B-EVENT
Film	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
.	O


This	O
was	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
film	O
Law	B-PERSON
and	O
Fong	B-PERSON
had	O
made	O
with	O
Australian	B-NORP
government	O
money	O
since	O
they	O
immigrated	O
there	O
in	O
1994	B-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
Floating	B-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
.	O
-RRB-	O


Finding	O
direction	O


Law	B-PERSON
explains	O
that	O
their	O
decision	O
to	O
move	O
to	O
Australia	B-GPE
was	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
laid	O
plan	O
,	O
not	O
a	O
spur	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
moment	O
thing	O
.	O


In	O
1993	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
1994	I-DATE
,	O
after	O
shooting	O
Fruit	B-WORK_OF_ART
Punch	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
Temptation	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
Monk	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
couple	O
went	O
to	O
Australia	B-GPE
to	O
visit	O
relatives	O
and	O
rest	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
then	O
that	O
they	O
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
technical	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
Australian	B-NORP
film	O
industry	O
was	O
very	O
high	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
biggest	O
problem	O
with	O
making	O
films	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
is	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
money	O
budgeted	O
for	O
post-production	O
,	O
"	O
Law	B-PERSON
notes	O
.	O


"	O
Dolby	B-ORG
sound	O
costs	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
.	O
"	O


They	O
were	O
extremely	O
disappointed	O
with	O
the	O
sound	O
on	O
Autumn	B-WORK_OF_ART
Moon	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
so	O
they	O
decided	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Australia	B-GPE
to	O
redo	O
it	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
film	O
was	O
subsequently	O
presented	O
at	O
the	B-EVENT
Sydney	I-EVENT
film	I-EVENT
festival	I-EVENT
,	O
it	O
was	O
well	O
received	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
brought	O
them	O
into	O
contact	O
with	O
Australian	B-NORP
producers	O
.	O


"	O
Originally	O
,	O
we	O
thought	O
that	O
we	O
were	O
just	O
changing	O
workplaces	O
and	O
would	O
spend	O
half	O
the	O
year	O
in	O
Australia	B-GPE
writing	O
and	O
then	O
half	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
shooting	O
,	O
"	O
Law	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


"	O
We	O
did	O
n't	O
expect	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
our	O
destiny	O
to	O
put	O
down	O
roots	O
in	O
Australia	B-GPE
.	O
"	O


Faced	O
with	O
Hollywood	B-ORG
's	O
cultural	O
onslaught	O
,	O
governments	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
are	O
offering	O
grants	O
to	O
protect	O
their	O
own	O
film	O
industries	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
Australian	B-NORP
government	O
budgeted	O
more	O
than	O
A$	B-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
the	O
equivalent	O
of	O
NT$	B-MONEY
700	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
for	O
this	O
purpose	O
.	O


As	O
long	O
as	O
a	O
film	O
has	O
an	O
outstanding	O
plan	O
and	O
the	O
backing	O
of	O
a	O
production	O
company	O
and	O
a	O
distributor	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
chance	O
at	O
getting	O
a	O
grant	O
.	O


The	O
amount	O
of	O
the	O
grants	O
vary	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
topic	O
of	O
a	O
film	O
.	O


For	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Goddess	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
1967	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
the	O
Australian	B-NORP
government	O
provided	O
nearly	O
NT$	B-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
or	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
budget	O
,	O
Fong	B-PERSON
explains	O
.	O


Furthermore	O
,	O
they	O
allowed	O
the	O
director	O
to	O
exercise	O
creative	O
control	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
problem	O
was	O
that	O
they	O
imposed	O
strict	O
deadlines	O
and	O
a	O
quota	O
of	O
jobs	O
that	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
filled	O
by	O
Australians	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
they	O
stipulated	O
that	O
Australian	B-NORP
actors	O
must	O
be	O
given	O
first	B-ORDINAL
priority	O
.	O


So	O
as	O
to	O
seek	O
creative	O
inspiration	O
and	O
find	O
new	O
material	O
in	O
a	O
foreign	O
land	O
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
bought	O
a	O
four	B-CARDINAL
-	O
wheel	O
-	O
drive	O
SUV	O
and	O
explored	O
all	O
over	O
Australia	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
desert	O
both	O
frightened	O
and	O
intrigued	O
Law	B-PERSON
:	O
"	O
I	O
gradually	O
began	O
to	O
feel	O
that	O
this	O
ancient	O
landscape	O
was	O
well	O
suited	O
to	O
showing	O
the	O
loneliness	O
of	O
modern	O
people	O
,	O
"	O
she	O
recalls	O
.	O


"	O
It	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
match	O
for	O
my	O
films	O
.	O
"	O


Culture	O
clash	O


Law	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
now	O
finished	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
films	O
,	O
was	O
born	O
in	O
Macao	B-GPE
in	O
1957	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
1978	B-DATE
she	O
graduated	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Hong	I-ORG
Kong	I-ORG
with	O
a	O
degree	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
literature	O
and	O
found	O
work	O
in	O
television	O
.	O


She	O
directed	O
12	B-CARDINAL
different	O
TV	O
movies	O
before	O
going	O
to	O
London	B-GPE
to	O
get	O
her	O
masters	O
in	O
1982	B-DATE
,	O
where	O
she	O
majored	O
in	O
screenplay	O
writing	O
and	O
directing	O
.	O


Her	O
thesis	O
project	O
,	O
They	B-WORK_OF_ART
Say	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Moon	I-WORK_OF_ART
Is	I-WORK_OF_ART
Fuller	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
won	O
a	O
silver	O
medal	O
at	O
the	B-EVENT
Chicago	I-EVENT
Film	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
.	O


Her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
film	O
after	O
graduating	O
was	O
the	O
1988	B-DATE
work	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Other	I-WORK_OF_ART
Half	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Other	I-WORK_OF_ART
Half	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
which	O
explored	O
the	O
uncomfortable	O
problem	O
of	O
spouses	O
being	O
separated	O
by	O
national	O
boundaries	O
,	O
a	O
familiar	O
situation	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
cradle	O
of	O
emigration	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
film	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
this	O
theme	O
.	O


"	O
I	O
grew	O
up	O
amid	O
two	B-CARDINAL
cultures	O
,	O
"	O
Law	B-PERSON
recalls	O
.	O


"	O
When	O
I	O
was	O
little	O
,	O
my	O
grandfather	O
taught	O
me	O
to	O
read	O
Chinese	B-NORP
poems	O
and	O
do	O
calligraphy	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
when	O
I	O
entered	O
English	B-NORP
school	O
,	O
I	O
learned	O
how	O
to	O
think	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


It	O
was	O
n't	O
until	O
I	O
went	O
abroad	O
for	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
that	O
I	O
discovered	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
fact	O
neither	O
Chinese	B-NORP
nor	O
English	B-NORP
.	O
"	O


Law	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
from	O
a	O
young	O
age	O
all	B-NORP
Hong	I-NORP
Kongers	I-NORP
learned	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
living	O
in	O
a	O
borrowed	O
place	O
on	O
borrowed	O
time	O
.	O


Her	O
childhood	O
friends	O
would	O
all	O
go	O
abroad	O
to	O
study	O
.	O


Yet	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
movies	O
were	O
n't	O
acknowledging	O
this	O
problem	O
.	O


Since	O
movies	O
were	O
regarded	O
merely	O
as	O
entertainment	O
,	O
studio	O
bosses	O
were	O
n't	O
willing	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
films	O
on	O
these	O
sort	O
of	O
topics	O
,	O
for	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
audiences	O
would	O
come	O
to	O
see	O
them	O
.	O


Law	B-PERSON
's	O
second	B-ORDINAL
film	O
,	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Reincarnation	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Golden	I-WORK_OF_ART
Lotus	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
was	O
a	O
modern	O
adaptation	O
of	O
a	O
classical	O
Chinese	B-NORP
novel	O
about	O
the	O
unusual	O
woman	O
Pan	B-PERSON
Jin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
lian	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
more	O
polished	O
work	O
than	O
her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
film	O
.	O


"	O
Although	O
the	O
story	O
is	O
intentionally	O
macabre	O
,	O
"	O
noted	O
the	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
critic	O
Shek	B-PERSON
Kei	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
the	O
film	O
displays	O
Law	B-PERSON
's	O
own	O
style	O
and	O
succeeds	O
with	O
both	O
its	O
twists	O
of	O
plot	O
and	O
its	O
portrayal	O
of	O
desire	O
and	O
killing	O
for	O
love	O
.	O


Law	B-PERSON
also	O
does	O
a	O
good	O
job	O
of	O
giving	O
Joey	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
plays	O
the	O
reincarnation	O
of	O
an	O
ancient	O
Chinese	B-NORP
courtesan	O
,	O
a	O
darkly	O
beautiful	O
aura	O
.	O


The	O
film	O
is	O
visually	O
interesting	O
and	O
entertaining	O
.	O


Law	B-PERSON
has	O
created	O
a	O
new	O
model	O
for	O
shooting	O
mythic	O
-	O
type	O
Chinese	B-NORP
films	O
.	O
"	O


Law	B-PERSON
's	O
third	B-ORDINAL
film	O
,	O
Farewell	B-WORK_OF_ART
China	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
was	O
nominated	O
for	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
Golden	B-WORK_OF_ART
Horses	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
1990	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
was	O
the	O
chief	O
competitor	O
of	O
Red	B-WORK_OF_ART
Dust	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
which	O
won	O
that	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
Golden	B-WORK_OF_ART
Horse	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	O
best	O
picture	O
.	O


Red	B-WORK_OF_ART
Dust	I-WORK_OF_ART
ended	O
up	O
winning	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
Golden	B-WORK_OF_ART
Horses	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
and	O
Farewell	B-WORK_OF_ART
China	I-WORK_OF_ART
took	O
only	B-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
,	O
including	O
a	O
best	O
leading	O
actor	O
award	O
for	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Leung	I-PERSON
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
the	O
film	O
received	O
excellent	O
notices	O
from	O
critics	O
.	O


Although	O
Law	B-PERSON
may	O
have	O
lost	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
competition	O
for	O
awards	O
,	O
the	O
film	O
still	O
earned	O
her	O
renown	O
.	O


Some	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
criticized	O
the	O
story	O
for	O
being	O
excessively	O
grim	O
.	O


The	O
film	O
describes	O
a	O
Chinese	B-NORP
couple	O
who	O
are	O
anxious	O
to	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
mainland	O
.	O


The	O
wife	O
,	O
played	O
by	O
Maggie	B-PERSON
Cheung	I-PERSON
,	O
first	O
receives	O
permission	O
to	O
leave	O
for	O
America	B-GPE
.	O


After	O
she	O
gets	O
there	O
,	O
her	O
family	O
loses	O
all	O
trace	O
of	O
her	O
.	O


Her	O
husband	O
,	O
played	O
by	O
Leung	B-PERSON
,	O
smuggles	O
himself	O
into	O
America	B-GPE
to	O
try	O
to	O
find	O
her	O
.	O


He	O
ca	O
n't	O
speak	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
and	O
is	O
penniless	O
and	O
destitute	O
after	O
his	O
money	O
is	O
stolen	O
by	O
some	O
homeless	O
people	O
.	O


After	O
he	O
accidentally	O
kills	O
a	O
Chinese	B-NORP
gangster	O
,	O
he	O
meets	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
young	O
ethnic	O
Chinese	B-NORP
girl	O
and	O
acts	O
as	O
her	O
pimp	O
,	O
losing	O
all	O
dignity	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
his	O
wife	O
meets	O
an	O
even	O
worse	O
fate	O
.	O


She	O
lives	O
in	O
a	O
decrepit	O
basement	O
,	O
where	O
she	O
is	O
raped	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
green	O
card	O
,	O
she	O
marries	O
an	O
old	O
Chinese	B-NORP
man	O
who	O
is	O
a	O
citizen	O
,	O
and	O
eventually	O
goes	O
insane	O
.	O


The	O
various	O
tragedies	O
depicted	O
in	O
the	O
film	O
are	O
rather	O
hard	O
to	O
take	O
.	O


One	O
critic	O
wrote	O
,	O
"	O
The	O
director	O
lays	O
on	O
the	O
tragedy	O
a	O
little	O
too	O
thick	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
couple	O
by	O
chance	O
meet	O
up	O
,	O
one	O
might	O
expect	O
a	O
happy	O
ending	O
.	O


But	O
instead	O
we	O
get	O
a	O
crazy	O
woman	O
murdering	O
her	O
husband	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Statue	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Liberty	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
bit	O
over	O
the	O
top	O
.	O
"	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
some	O
viewers	O
could	O
identify	O
with	O
the	O
plot	O
.	O


In	O
one	B-CARDINAL
scene	O
Cheung	B-PERSON
's	O
character	O
bicycles	O
home	O
to	O
her	O
run	O
-	O
down	O
apartment	O
with	O
a	O
discarded	O
mattress	O
on	O
her	O
back	O
.	O


"	O
When	O
she	O
was	O
struggling	O
to	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
she	O
would	O
never	O
have	O
expected	O
that	O
she	O
would	O
end	O
up	O
like	O
this	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
"	O
wrote	O
one	B-CARDINAL
woman	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O


"	O
When	O
I	O
saw	O
this	O
film	O
as	O
a	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
rather	O
sensational	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
25	B-DATE
and	O
went	O
to	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
discovered	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
quite	O
true	O
to	O
life	O
.	O
"	O


A	O
new	O
tune	O
in	O
a	O
foreign	O
land	O


Two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
Law	B-PERSON
applied	O
to	O
have	O
her	O
film	O
Autumn	B-WORK_OF_ART
Moon	I-WORK_OF_ART
compete	O
for	O
a	B-WORK_OF_ART
Golden	I-WORK_OF_ART
Horse	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Much	O
to	O
her	O
surprise	O
,	O
the	O
awards	O
committee	O
refused	O
her	O
application	O
because	O
the	O
film	O
lacked	O
a	O
distributor	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Although	O
not	O
allowed	O
to	O
compete	O
for	O
a	B-WORK_OF_ART
Golden	I-WORK_OF_ART
Horse	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
it	O
won	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Gold	I-WORK_OF_ART
Leopard	I-WORK_OF_ART
Award	I-WORK_OF_ART
at	O
the	B-EVENT
Locarno	I-EVENT
Film	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
in	O
Switzerland	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
with	O
this	O
award	O
Law	B-PERSON
began	O
to	O
receive	O
notice	O
in	O
the	O
international	O
film	O
community	O
.	O


Autumn	B-WORK_OF_ART
Moon	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
which	O
was	O
shot	O
with	O
Japanese	B-NORP
money	O
,	O
depicts	O
a	O
Japanese	B-NORP
man	O
who	O
goes	O
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
as	O
a	O
tourist	O
when	O
he	O
is	O
bored	O
with	O
his	O
life	O
.	O


He	O
uses	O
a	O
video	O
camera	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
record	O
of	O
his	O
daily	O
life	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
meets	O
Hui	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
15	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
girl	O
who	O
is	O
about	O
to	O
emigrate	O
.	O


Although	O
communication	O
is	O
difficult	O
,	O
they	O
quickly	O
become	O
friends	O
.	O


The	O
girl	O
's	O
parents	O
have	O
already	O
emigrated	O
to	O
Canada	B-GPE
,	O
leaving	O
her	O
behind	O
with	O
her	O
grandmother	O
.	O


This	O
"	O
Japanese	B-NORP
older	O
brother	O
"	O
becomes	O
her	O
close	O
friend	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
often	O
takes	O
him	O
home	O
to	O
eat	O
meals	O
cooked	O
by	O
her	O
grandmother	O
.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
talk	O
past	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
very	O
much	O
like	O
a	O
family	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
scenes	O
are	O
quite	O
amusing	O
.	O


The	O
program	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Taipei	I-EVENT
Film	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
describes	O
this	O
successful	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
Chinese	B-LANGUAGE
-	I-LANGUAGE
language	I-LANGUAGE
film	O
shot	O
with	O
foreign	O
money	O
thus	O
:	O
"	O
Law	B-PERSON
masterfully	O
portrays	O
the	O
wave	O
of	O
emigration	O
that	O
preceded	O
the	O
1997	B-DATE
handover	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
withering	O
of	O
traditional	O
culture	O
and	O
the	O
loneliness	O
and	O
alienation	O
experienced	O
by	O
modern	O
people	O
.	O
"	O


A	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
Law	B-PERSON
shot	O
Temptation	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
Monk	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
which	O
takes	O
as	O
its	O
departure	O
point	O
the	O
military	O
plots	O
surrounding	O
the	B-EVENT
Xuanwu	I-EVENT
Gate	I-EVENT
Incident	I-EVENT
during	O
the	B-DATE
Tang	I-DATE
dynasty	I-DATE
.	O


Based	O
on	O
a	O
novel	O
by	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Lillian	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
film	O
was	O
entirely	O
shot	O
in	O
the	O
mainland	O
and	O
explores	O
themes	O
of	O
sexual	O
desire	O
and	O
Zen	B-ORG
Buddhism	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
locations	O
and	O
scenery	O
are	O
stunningly	O
beautiful	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
photography	O
and	O
art	O
direction	O
top	O
-	O
notch	O
.	O


Joan	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
plays	O
two	O
characters	O
and	O
actually	O
shaved	O
her	O
head	O
for	O
the	O
film	O
,	O
seduced	O
audiences	O
with	O
her	O
performances	O
,	O
appearing	O
naked	O
in	O
several	O
scenes	O
.	O


"	O
Nevertheless	O
,	O
her	O
characters	O
are	O
the	O
biggest	O
disappointments	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
film	O
,	O
"	O
wrote	O
the	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
critic	O
Shek	B-PERSON
Kei	I-PERSON
.	O


"	O
She	O
is	O
n't	O
made	O
up	O
to	O
look	O
attractive	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
result	O
that	O
she	O
is	O
n't	O
adequately	O
alluring	O
.	O


Her	O
princess	O
character	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
developed	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
she	O
suddenly	O
becomes	O
a	O
widow	O
and	O
then	O
a	O
spy	O
and	O
assassin	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
all	O
rather	O
confusing	O
.	O
"	O


After	O
making	O
Autumn	B-WORK_OF_ART
Moon	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
Temptation	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
Monk	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
highly	O
stylized	O
works	O
,	O
Law	B-PERSON
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
theme	O
of	O
emigration	O
at	O
which	O
she	O
excels	O
,	O
getting	O
a	O
grant	O
from	O
the	O
Australian	B-NORP
government	O
to	O
film	O
Floating	B-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


The	O
result	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
its	O
visual	O
and	O
narrative	O
techniques	O
,	O
was	O
much	O
more	O
accessible	O
.	O


Unlike	O
Farewell	B-WORK_OF_ART
China	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
which	O
depicts	O
a	O
tragedy	O
in	O
a	O
foreign	O
land	O
,	O
Floating	B-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
explores	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
the	O
generation	O
gap	O
between	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
and	O
second	B-ORDINAL
generation	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
emigrants	O
and	O
the	O
clash	O
between	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
Western	B-NORP
culture	O
.	O


The	O
story	O
is	O
set	O
on	O
the	O
eve	O
of	O
the	O
handover	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
from	O
Britain	B-GPE
to	O
the	O
PRC	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
shows	O
what	O
a	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
family	O
with	O
five	B-CARDINAL
children	O
encounter	O
when	O
they	O
immigrate	O
to	O
Australia	B-GPE
.	O


Farewell	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE


Floating	B-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
film	O
that	O
Clara	B-PERSON
Law	I-PERSON
made	O
after	O
moving	O
to	O
Australia	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
Many	O
people	O
just	O
discuss	O
Floating	B-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
from	O
the	O
perspective	O
of	O
immigration	O
,	O
"	O
Law	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
"	O
but	O
what	O
I	O
really	O
intended	O
to	O
show	O
was	O
how	O
fleeting	O
life	O
is	O
,	O
and	O
how	O
people	O
go	O
about	O
surviving	O
in	O
rootless	O
societies	O
.	O
"	O


We	O
should	O
try	O
to	O
adopt	O
longer	O
-	O
term	O
perspectives	O
,	O
she	O
says	O
,	O
because	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
we	O
're	O
all	O
going	O
to	O
meet	O
our	O
maker	O
.	O


The	O
vast	O
,	O
virgin	O
expanses	O
of	O
the	O
Australian	B-NORP
continent	O
have	O
sparked	O
a	O
new	O
creative	O
fire	O
in	O
Law	B-PERSON
.	O


The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Goddess	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
1967	I-WORK_OF_ART
adopts	O
such	O
techniques	O
used	O
in	O
television	O
commercials	O
as	O
exaggerated	O
contrasts	O
of	O
brightness	O
,	O
grainy	O
film	O
,	O
and	O
oversaturation	O
of	O
color	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
wonderfully	O
weird	O
visual	O
style	O
differs	O
greatly	O
from	O
her	O
old	O
works	O
,	O
"	O
notes	O
the	O
program	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Taipei	I-EVENT
Film	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
.	O


"	O
It	O
's	O
the	O
new	O
Australian	B-NORP
Law	B-PERSON
,	O
not	O
the	O
old	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
Law	B-PERSON
.	O
"	O


The	O
Australian	B-NORP
government	O
was	O
quite	O
pleased	O
with	O
the	O
film	O
made	O
by	O
this	O
scriptwriting	O
and	O
directing	O
couple	O
and	O
has	O
chosen	O
Floating	B-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	O
be	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
official	O
Australian	B-NORP
entrants	O
at	O
international	O
film	O
festivals	O
.	O


Law	B-PERSON
seems	O
to	O
have	O
found	O
new	O
creative	O
energy	O
in	O
Australia	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
both	O
her	O
works	O
have	O
been	O
about	O
how	O
people	O
try	O
to	O
find	O
themselves	O
in	O
the	O
modern	O
world	O
.	O


"	O
Although	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
our	O
journey	O
.	O


We	O
hope	O
that	O
audiences	O
will	O
take	O
to	O
the	O
road	O
with	O
us	O
.	O
"	O


p.	O
90	B-CARDINAL


Elegant	O
Clara	B-PERSON
Law	I-PERSON
came	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
for	O
the	B-EVENT
Taipei	I-EVENT
Film	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
,	O
where	O
film	O
buffs	O
had	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
see	O
her	O
new	O
work	O
,	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Goddess	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
1967	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Hsueh	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
kuang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
93	B-CARDINAL


Floating	B-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
which	O
was	O
shot	O
on	O
an	O
Australian	B-NORP
government	O
grant	O
,	O
describes	O
what	O
happens	O
to	O
a	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
family	O
with	O
five	B-CARDINAL
children	O
when	O
they	O
move	O
to	O
Australia	B-GPE
before	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
return	O
to	O
Chinese	B-NORP
rule	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
courtesy	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Taipei	I-ORG
Film	I-ORG
Festival	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


p.	O
94	B-CARDINAL


Law	B-PERSON
first	B-ORDINAL
discovered	O
the	O
surreally	O
magnificent	O
Australian	B-NORP
countryside	O
featured	O
in	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Goddess	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
1967	I-WORK_OF_ART
when	O
she	O
took	O
her	O
own	O
road	O
trip	O
around	O
the	O
continent	O
with	O
her	O
husband	O
Eddie	B-PERSON
Fong	I-PERSON
.	O


A	O
Southeast	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
Singing	O
Star	O
Shines	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
--	O
Sun	B-PERSON
Yan	I-PERSON
Zi	I-PERSON


-LRB-	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
/	O
tr.	O
by	O
Jonathan	B-PERSON
Barnard	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
a	O
singer	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
re-leased	O
her	O
debut	O
album	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
middle	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
has	O
been	O
hot	O
ever	O
since	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
the	O
music	O
market	O
's	O
darling	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
start	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


Her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
album	O
hit	O
number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
on	O
the	O
best	O
seller	O
list	O
of	O
Rose	B-ORG
Records	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
major	O
retail	O
chain	O
.	O


Then	O
in	O
December	B-DATE
sales	O
of	O
her	O
second	B-ORDINAL
album	O
constituted	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
quarter	I-CARDINAL
of	O
all	O
sales	O
in	O
the	O
pop	O
category	O
.	O


With	O
this	O
share	O
,	O
she	O
surpassed	O
even	O
A	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Mei	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
reigning	O
queen	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
pop	O
.	O


In	O
January	B-DATE
three	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
top	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
requested	O
songs	O
at	O
Cashbox	B-ORG
KTV	I-ORG
were	O
her	O
songs	O
.	O


And	O
both	O
the	O
entertainment	O
weekly	O
put	O
out	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
music	O
video	O
station	O
Channel	B-ORG
V	I-ORG
selected	O
her	O
as	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
"	O
best	O
newcomer	O
.	O
"	O


Sun	B-PERSON
Yan	I-PERSON
Zi	I-PERSON
,	O
this	B-DATE
23	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
from	O
Singapore	B-GPE
has	O
n't	O
been	O
here	O
a	B-DATE
full	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
her	O
efforts	O
are	O
already	O
bearing	O
ample	O
fruit	O
.	O


What	O
exactly	O
are	O
her	O
charms	O
?	O


And	O
Does	O
her	O
success	O
show	O
that	O
singers	O
from	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
have	O
successfully	O
established	O
a	O
foothold	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
?	O


"	O
When	O
I	O
threw	O
temper	O
tantrums	O
/	O


As	O
a	O
young	O
girl	O
/	O


On	O
summer	O
afternoons	O
/	O


My	O
grandmother	O
would	O
soothe	O
me	O
/	O


By	O
gently	O
singing	O
an	O
old	O
song	O
/	O


It	O
went	O
like	O
this	O
/	O


The	O
sky	O
is	O
dark	O
/	O


It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
rain	O
/	O


The	O
sky	O
is	O
dark	O
...	O


Are	O
there	O
always	O
hidden	O
flaws	O
in	O
the	O
grown	O
-	O
up	O
world	O
?	O
/	O


Every	O
day	O
I	O
come	O
to	O
forks	O
in	O
the	O
road	O


...	O


How	O
lonely	O
I	O
've	O
become	O
!	O
/	O


When	O
skies	O
are	O
dark	O
/	O


I	O
recall	O
that	O
song	O
/	O


And	O
hope	O
to	O
hear	O
the	O
peaceful	O
sound	O
of	O
the	O
falling	O
rain	O
/	O


It	O
turns	O
out	O
that	O
Grandma	O
sang	O
this	O
song	O
long	O
ago	O
/	O


The	O
rain	O
is	O
falling	O
/	O


but	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
boldly	O
push	O
ahead	O
.	O
"	O


"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Dark	I-WORK_OF_ART
Skies	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
Sun	B-GPE
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
hit	O
last	O
June	O
,	O
caused	O
an	O
immediate	O
sensation	O
.	O


The	O
critic	O
G	B-PERSON
Moon	I-PERSON
praised	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
marvelous	O
blend	O
of	O
seemingly	O
familiar	O
melody	O
and	O
lyrics	O
,	O
with	O
solo	O
piano	O
accompaniment	O
from	O
start	O
to	O
finish	O
.	O


People	O
found	O
Sun	B-PERSON
's	O
singing	O
voice	O
fresh	O
,	O
clean	O
and	O
infectiously	O
charming	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
quickly	O
earned	O
her	O
a	O
place	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
music	O
world	O
.	O


Fresh	O
and	O
clean	O


Sun	B-PERSON
clearly	O
occupies	O
an	O
enviable	O
position	O
in	O
the	O
singing	O
world	O
.	O


Yet	O
it	O
is	O
hard	O
to	O
pin	O
down	O
exactly	O
where	O
that	O
position	O
is	O
.	O


Although	O
she	O
has	O
written	O
a	O
few	O
songs	O
herself	O
,	O
these	O
are	O
not	O
among	O
her	O
better	O
works	O
,	O
so	O
she	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
properly	O
placed	O
among	O
the	O
"	O
singer	O
-	O
songwriters	O
.	O
"	O


And	O
while	O
her	O
voice	O
sets	O
her	O
apart	O
,	O
she	O
has	O
not	O
perfected	O
her	O
live	O
performance	O
skills	O
,	O
so	O
she	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
included	O
among	O
the	O
true	O
divas	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
her	O
short	O
hair	O
,	O
buck	O
teeth	O
and	O
aversion	O
to	O
wearing	O
skirts	O
and	O
dresses	O
would	O
seem	O
to	O
exclude	O
her	O
from	O
the	O
teeny	O
-	O
bopper	O
"	O
idols	O
.	O
"	O


Finally	O
,	O
she	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
considered	O
an	O
innovator	O
.	O


Half	B-CARDINAL
her	O
songs	O
are	O
slow	O
and	O
half	O
are	O
fast	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
has	O
n't	O
revealed	O
much	O
desire	O
to	O
experiment	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
Internet	O
bulletin	O
boards	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
posts	O
wondering	O
why	O
exactly	O
Sun	B-PERSON
Yan	I-PERSON
Zi	I-PERSON
is	O
so	O
popular	O
.	O


"	O
How	O
did	O
she	O
get	O
so	O
popular	O
overnight	O
?	O


Her	O
looks	O
and	O
voice	O
are	O
pretty	O
average	O
.	O
"	O


"	O
She	O
's	O
not	O
beautiful	O
,	O
but	O
her	O
smile	O
and	O
singing	O
voice	O
are	O
pleasing	O
.	O


She	O
makes	O
people	O
feel	O
comfortable	O
.	O
"	O


"	O
She	O
does	O
n't	O
really	O
have	O
any	O
special	O
quality	O
to	O
speak	O
of	O
,	O
which	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
case	O
with	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
Southeast	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
singers	O
.	O
"	O


Peter	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Singaporean	B-NORP
who	O
produced	O
both	O
Sun	B-PERSON
Yan	I-PERSON
Zi	I-PERSON
and	O
My	B-ORG
Desire	I-ORG
Happiness	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Sun	I-ORG
,	O
admits	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
n't	O
an	O
outstanding	O
student	O
at	O
his	O
music	O
academy	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
her	O
rapid	O
success	O
has	O
surprised	O
many	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
conjectures	O
that	O
the	O
freshness	O
and	O
intimacy	O
that	O
she	O
projects	O
may	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
her	O
success	O
.	O


Citing	O
"	O
freshness	O
,	O
"	O
The	O
China	B-ORG
Times	I-ORG
entertainment	O
weekly	O
awarded	O
their	O
prize	O
for	O
"	O
best	O
newcomer	O
"	O
to	O
Sun	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
the	O
girl	O
with	O
the	O
boyish	O
haircut	O
.	O
"	O


Their	O
panel	O
of	O
judges	O
remarked	O
,	O
"	O
She	O
has	O
good	O
range	O
without	O
the	O
frenzied	O
style	O
that	O
characterizes	O
so	O
many	O
.	O


Her	O
fast	O
songs	O
have	O
a	O
fresh	O
style	O
,	O
and	O
her	O
slow	O
songs	O
convey	O
a	O
soft	O
melancholy	O
.	O
"	O


Wang	B-PERSON
Tzu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
shou	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
senior	O
reporter	O
at	O
Min	B-ORG
Sheng	I-ORG
Pao	I-ORG
,	O
describes	O
her	O
as	O
the	O
new	O
generation	O
's	O
Feng	B-PERSON
Fei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fei	I-PERSON
.	O


"	O
When	O
the	O
market	O
gets	O
tired	O
of	O
soft	O
and	O
pretty	O
idols	O
,	O
it	O
swings	O
back	O
toward	O
androgynous	O
tomboy	O
types	O
like	O
Feng	B-PERSON
Fei	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fei	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
Wang	B-PERSON
notes	O
.	O


"	O
Sun	B-PERSON
Yan	I-PERSON
Zi	I-PERSON
fills	O
this	O
need	O
perfectly	O
.	O
"	O


Moreover	O
,	O
she	O
has	O
had	O
the	O
right	O
material	O
,	O
with	O
producer	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
providing	O
songs	O
that	O
have	O
individual	O
character	O
but	O
stop	O
short	O
of	O
being	O
avant	O
garde	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
allowed	O
her	O
to	O
stand	O
apart	O
from	O
the	O
pop	O
singers	O
who	O
just	O
blindly	O
follow	O
the	O
marketplace	O
.	O


Hence	O
,	O
though	O
she	O
is	O
neither	O
a	O
singer	O
-	O
songwriter	O
,	O
nor	O
an	O
outstanding	O
vocalist	O
,	O
nor	O
a	O
conventional	O
teen	O
idol	O
,	O
she	O
has	O
nevertheless	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
attain	O
brilliant	O
success	O
in	O
an	O
era	O
where	O
premiums	O
are	O
placed	O
on	O
both	O
"	O
changing	O
constantly	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
returning	O
to	O
the	O
basics	O
.	O
"	O


Talent	O
exchange	O


In	O
a	O
weak	O
market	O
for	O
recorded	O
music	O
,	O
Sun	B-PERSON
's	O
two	B-CARDINAL
albums	O
have	O
sold	O
very	O
well	O
.	O


Members	O
of	O
the	O
media	O
have	O
quipped	O
that	O
those	O
who	O
work	O
at	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
Warner	B-ORG
Music	I-ORG
can	O
thank	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Singaporeans	B-NORP
,	O
Sun	B-PERSON
and	O
her	O
producer	O
Li	B-PERSON
,	O
for	O
any	O
bonuses	O
they	O
made	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Now	O
people	O
have	O
started	O
wondering	O
if	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
from	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
-	O
and	O
in	O
particular	O
from	O
Singapore	B-GPE
and	O
Malaysia	B-GPE
-	O
are	O
taking	O
over	O
the	O
mainstream	O
of	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
music	O
industry	O
.	O


In	O
earlier	O
decades	O
Southeast	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
singers	O
were	O
unusual	O
here	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
there	O
was	O
Teng	B-PERSON
Miao	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hua	I-PERSON
and	O
Wen	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
.	O


Then	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Moo	I-PERSON
appeared	O
on	O
the	O
scene	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
.	O


Although	O
these	O
were	O
all	O
successful	O
singers	O
,	O
they	O
comprised	O
a	O
small	O
group	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
so	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
steady	O
stream	O
of	O
Southeast	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
singers	O
making	O
their	O
mark	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
:	O
Mavis	B-PERSON
Hee	I-PERSON
,	O
Mindy	B-PERSON
,	O
Kit	B-PERSON
Chan	I-PERSON
,	O
Tanya	B-PERSON
Chua	I-PERSON
,	O
Michael	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Victor	I-ORG
,	O
Angelica	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
,	O
Penny	B-PERSON
,	O
Fish	B-PERSON
Leong	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Tae	B-PERSON
Kheng	I-PERSON
Seong	I-PERSON
.	O


Interestingly	O
,	O
almost	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
have	O
been	O
described	O
as	O
being	O
"	O
fresh	O
and	O
clean	O
.	O
"	O


Moreover	O
,	O
even	O
those	O
who	O
write	O
their	O
own	O
material	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Tanya	B-PERSON
Chua	I-PERSON
,	O
Michael	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Victor	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Tae	B-PERSON
Kheng	I-PERSON
Seong	I-PERSON
,	O
write	O
simple	O
folk	O
songs	O
.	O


Although	O
the	B-NORP
Southeast	I-NORP
Asians	I-NORP
have	O
n't	O
had	O
quite	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
returning	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
from	O
North	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
,	O
they	O
have	O
staked	O
out	O
their	O
piece	O
of	O
the	O
pop	O
music	O
field	O
.	O


Music	O
critic	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
Yun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
pu	I-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
the	O
Southeast	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
singers	O
are	O
not	O
as	O
recognizable	O
as	O
their	O
counterparts	O
from	O
North	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
,	O
who	O
have	O
a	O
hard	O
-	O
rocking	O
,	O
R&B	O
style	O
.	O


The	O
simple	O
and	O
catchy	O
melodies	O
and	O
rhythms	O
of	O
the	B-NORP
Southeast	I-NORP
Asians	I-NORP
sound	O
a	O
lot	O
like	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
locals	O
.	O


Taiwanese	B-NORP
listeners	O
quickly	O
identify	O
with	O
these	O
singers	O
and	O
may	O
even	O
forget	O
where	O
they	O
come	O
from	O
.	O


"	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
now	O
the	O
capital	O
of	O
Mandarin	B-LANGUAGE
pop	O
music	O
worldwide	O
,	O
"	O
says	O
Tsai	B-PERSON
.	O


"	O
If	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
'	O
capital	O
,	O
'	O
then	O
there	O
are	O
'	O
provinces	O
.	O
'	O
"	O


The	O
market	O
is	O
too	O
small	O
in	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
,	O
so	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
de	O
rigueur	O
for	O
Southeast	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
Chinese	B-NORP
singers	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
advance	O
their	O
careers	O
.	O


Those	O
with	O
talent	O
are	O
quickly	O
adopted	O
by	O
local	O
audiences	O
.	O
"	O


Wang	B-PERSON
Tzu	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsien	I-PERSON
argues	O
that	O
the	O
growing	O
dominance	O
of	O
multi-national	O
companies	O
in	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
music	O
field	O
has	O
fostered	O
uniformity	O
here	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-NORP
Southeast	I-NORP
Asians	I-NORP
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
step	O
in	O
and	O
fill	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
greater	O
creativity	O
.	O


Yet	O
though	O
their	O
music	O
may	O
be	O
"	O
fresher	O
,	O
"	O
on	O
close	O
inspection	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
really	O
differ	O
that	O
much	O
from	O
what	O
is	O
produced	O
by	O
the	O
locals	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
,	O
after	O
all	O
,	O
produced	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
market	O
.	O


Although	O
there	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
much	O
that	O
sets	O
the	B-NORP
Southeast	I-NORP
Asians	I-NORP
apart	O
,	O
the	O
growing	O
exchange	O
of	O
musical	O
talent	O
between	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
has	O
at	O
least	O
provided	O
ample	O
content	O
for	O
the	O
gossip	O
pages	O
.	O


When	O
Sun	B-PERSON
wore	O
a	O
long	O
jacket	O
while	O
shooting	O
a	O
music	O
video	O
,	O
people	O
could	O
tell	O
how	O
excited	O
she	O
was	O
at	O
wearing	O
a	O
winter	O
coat	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
moment	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
did	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
that	O
far	O
from	O
Singapore	B-GPE
,	O
despite	O
the	O
latter	O
's	O
endless	O
summer	O
weather	O
.	O


We	O
all	O
could	O
sense	O
a	O
young	O
woman	O
's	O
joy	O
at	O
being	O
accepted	O
in	O
foreign	O
land	O
that	O
seemed	O
at	O
once	O
familiar	O
and	O
exotic	O
.	O


p.	O
101	B-CARDINAL


Sun	B-PERSON
Yan	I-PERSON
Zi	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
androgynous	O
style	O
and	O
clean	O
and	O
fresh	O
image	O
have	O
quickly	O
made	O
her	O
famous	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
photo	O
by	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Tsai	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


p.	O
102	B-CARDINAL


From	O
Wen	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
in	O
the	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
-LRB-	O
center	O
photo	O
by	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Tsai	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
fu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
,	O
to	O
Michael	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Victor	I-ORG
in	O
the	B-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
-LRB-	O
right	O
photo	O
by	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Ching	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
yang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
,	O
to	O
Mindy	B-PERSON
Kit	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
bottom	O
photo	O
courtesy	O
of	O
Warner	B-ORG
Music	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
decade	O
,	O
Southeast	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
singers	O
have	O
a	O
long	O
history	O
of	O
coming	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
to	O
advance	O
their	O
careers	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
most	O
part	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
"	O
clean	O
and	O
fresh	O
"	O
images	O
and	O
either	O
sing	O
folk	O
songs	O
or	O
adopt	O
a	O
modern	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
traditional	O
Japanese	B-NORP
enka	O
singing	O
style	O
.	O


Some	O
U.S.	B-GPE
allies	O
are	O
complaining	O
that	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
pushing	O
conventional	O
-	O
arms	O
talks	O
too	O
quickly	O
,	O
creating	O
a	O
risk	O
that	O
negotiators	O
will	O
make	O
errors	O
that	O
could	O
affect	O
the	O
security	O
of	O
Western	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
for	O
years	B-DATE
.	O


Concerns	O
about	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
the	O
Vienna	B-GPE
talks	O
--	O
which	O
are	O
aimed	O
at	O
the	O
destruction	O
of	O
some	B-CARDINAL
100,000	I-CARDINAL
weapons	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
major	O
reductions	O
and	O
realignments	O
of	O
troops	O
in	O
central	O
Europe	B-LOC
--	O
also	O
are	O
being	O
registered	O
at	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
has	O
called	O
for	O
an	O
agreement	O
by	O
next	B-DATE
September	I-DATE
at	O
the	O
latest	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
American	B-NORP
defense	O
officials	O
believe	O
the	B-ORG
North	I-ORG
Atlantic	I-ORG
Treaty	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
should	O
take	O
more	O
time	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
implications	O
of	O
the	O
options	O
being	O
considered	O
.	O


For	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
,	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
officials	O
,	O
who	O
asked	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
identified	O
,	O
worry	O
that	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
will	O
have	O
a	O
much	O
tougher	O
time	O
persuading	O
Europeans	B-NORP
to	O
keep	O
some	O
short	O
-	O
range	O
nuclear	O
weapons	O
on	O
their	O
soil	O
once	O
Soviet	B-NORP
armored	O
forces	O
are	O
thinned	O
out	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
time	I-DATE
,	O
they	O
contend	O
that	O
a	O
reduction	O
of	O
NATO	B-ORG
forces	O
under	O
a	O
treaty	O
will	O
increase	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
a	O
conventional	O
Soviet	B-NORP
attack	O
unless	O
the	O
West	O
retains	O
a	O
residual	O
force	O
of	O
nuclear	O
weapons	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


Allies	O
concerned	O
about	O
the	O
deadline	O
include	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
,	O
French	B-NORP
and	O
smaller	O
NATO	B-ORG
allies	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
whom	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
adequate	O
staffs	O
to	O
provide	O
quick	O
answers	O
to	O
the	O
questions	O
being	O
raised	O
by	O
what	O
generally	O
are	O
considered	O
the	O
most	O
complex	O
arms	O
-	O
control	O
talks	O
ever	O
attempted	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
no	O
ally	O
has	O
complained	O
openly	O
,	O
preserving	O
the	O
impression	O
that	O
NATO	B-ORG
is	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
position	O
that	O
a	O
quick	O
agreement	O
bringing	O
Soviet	B-NORP
conventional	O
forces	O
down	O
to	O
parity	O
with	O
NATO	B-ORG
is	O
the	O
West	O
's	O
top	O
bargaining	O
priority	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
though	O
NATO	B-ORG
negotiators	O
have	O
only	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
left	O
under	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
timetable	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
still	O
wrestling	O
over	O
such	O
seemingly	O
fundamental	O
questions	O
as	O
``	O
What	O
is	O
a	O
tank	O
?	O
''	O


Five	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
six	B-CARDINAL
categories	O
of	O
weapons	O
under	O
negotiation	O
have	O
n't	O
even	O
been	O
defined	O
.	O


Tanks	O
currently	O
are	O
defined	O
as	O
armored	O
vehicles	O
weighing	O
25	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
or	O
more	O
that	O
carry	O
large	O
guns	O
.	O


The	O
Soviets	B-NORP
complicated	O
the	O
issue	O
by	O
offering	O
to	O
include	O
light	O
tanks	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
as	B-QUANTITY
light	I-QUANTITY
as	I-QUANTITY
10	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Oleg	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Grinevsky	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
chief	O
Soviet	B-NORP
negotiator	O
in	O
the	O
conventional	O
-	O
arms	O
talks	O
,	O
argued	O
that	O
this	O
would	O
mean	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
would	O
have	O
to	O
destroy	O
some	B-CARDINAL
1,800	I-CARDINAL
tanks	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
would	O
lose	O
none	O
because	O
it	O
has	O
no	O
light	O
tanks	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


But	O
the	O
issue	O
is	O
stickier	O
than	O
it	O
seems	O
.	O


France	B-GPE
,	O
Britain	B-GPE
and	O
Italy	B-GPE
all	O
have	O
light	O
tanks	O
they	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
keep	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
talks	O
.	O


And	O
some	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Army	I-ORG
analysts	O
worry	O
that	O
the	O
proposed	O
Soviet	B-NORP
redefinition	O
is	O
aimed	O
at	O
blocking	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
from	O
developing	O
lighter	O
,	O
more	O
transportable	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
technology	O
tanks	O
.	O


Defining	O
combat	O
aircraft	O
is	O
even	O
tougher	O
.	O


The	O
Soviets	B-NORP
insisted	O
that	O
aircraft	O
be	O
brought	O
into	O
the	O
talks	O
,	O
then	O
argued	O
for	O
exempting	O
some	B-CARDINAL
4,000	I-CARDINAL
Russian	B-NORP
planes	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
``	O
solely	O
defensive	O
.	O
''	O


NATO	B-ORG
has	O
n't	O
budged	O
from	O
its	O
insistence	O
that	O
any	O
gun	O
-	O
carrying	O
plane	O
has	O
offensive	O
capability	O
.	O


The	O
dispute	O
over	O
that	O
issue	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
one	O
U.S.	B-GPE
official	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
``	O
potential	O
treaty	O
stopper	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
only	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
Soviet	B-NORP
leader	O
Mikhail	B-PERSON
Gorbachev	I-PERSON
may	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
resolve	O
it	O
.	O


Accounting	O
problems	O
raise	O
more	O
knotty	O
issues	O
.	O


Greece	B-GPE
and	O
Turkey	B-GPE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
are	O
suspected	O
of	O
overstating	O
their	O
arsenals	O
in	O
hopes	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
emerge	O
from	O
the	O
arms	O
-	O
reduction	O
treaty	O
with	O
large	O
remaining	O
forces	O
to	O
deter	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Other	O
nations	O
are	O
n't	O
sure	O
how	O
many	O
weapons	O
they	O
have	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
arsenals	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
just	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
sloppy	O
,	O
both	O
on	O
our	O
side	O
and	O
theirs	O
-LCB-	O
the	B-LAW
Warsaw	I-LAW
Pact	I-LAW
's	I-LAW
-RCB-	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
NATO	B-ORG
analyst	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
neither	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
nor	O
arms	O
-	O
control	O
experts	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
seem	O
moved	O
by	O
arguments	O
that	O
these	O
problems	O
may	O
take	O
more	O
time	O
to	O
thrash	O
out	O
than	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
has	O
allowed	O
.	O


They	O
argue	O
that	O
the	O
bigger	O
danger	O
would	O
be	O
that	O
the	O
West	O
would	O
delay	O
action	O
so	O
long	O
that	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
might	O
back	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
current	O
conciliatory	O
attitude	O
.	O


``	O
So	O
what	O
if	O
you	O
miss	O
50	B-CARDINAL
tanks	O
somewhere	O
?	O
''	O
asks	O
Rep.	O
Norman	B-PERSON
Dicks	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Wash.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
group	O
that	O
visited	O
the	O
talks	O
in	O
Vienna	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
The	O
bottom	O
line	O
is	O
that	O
if	O
we	O
can	O
get	O
that	O
-LCB-	B-LAW
Warsaw	I-LAW
Pact	I-LAW
-RCB-	I-LAW
superiority	O
brought	O
down	O
to	O
parity	O
,	O
we	O
ought	O
to	O
keep	O
pressing	O
ahead	O
as	O
quickly	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


I	O
worry	O
more	O
about	O
things	O
becoming	O
so	O
unraveled	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
that	O
they	O
might	O
become	O
unable	O
to	O
negotiate	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Manville	I-ORG
Personal	I-ORG
Injury	I-ORG
Settlement	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
is	O
considering	O
several	O
ways	O
to	O
ease	O
a	O
liquidity	O
crunch	O
that	O
could	O
include	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
Manville	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
to	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
party	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
filing	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
majority	O
holder	O
of	O
Manville	B-ORG
acknowledged	O
that	O
the	O
cash	O
portion	O
of	O
its	O
initial	O
funding	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
765	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
will	O
be	O
depleted	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
that	O
alternative	O
sources	O
of	O
funds	O
will	O
be	O
necessary	O
to	O
meet	O
its	O
obligations	O
.	O


The	O
trust	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
created	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
Manville	B-ORG
's	O
bankruptcy	O
-	O
law	O
reorganization	O
to	O
compensate	O
victims	O
of	O
asbestos	O
-	O
related	O
diseases	O
,	O
ultimately	O
expects	O
to	O
receive	O
$	B-MONEY
2.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
from	O
Manville	B-ORG
,	O
but	O
its	O
cash	O
flow	O
from	O
investments	O
has	O
so	O
far	O
lagged	O
behind	O
its	O
payments	O
to	O
victims	O
.	O


Spokespersons	O
for	O
both	O
the	O
trust	O
and	O
the	O
company	O
refused	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
whether	O
any	O
talks	O
with	O
a	O
possible	O
acquirer	O
of	O
Manville	B-ORG
had	O
actually	O
taken	O
place	O
.	O


The	O
trust	O
is	O
considering	O
a	O
sale	O
of	O
its	O
Manville	B-ORG
holdings	O
,	O
but	O
Manville	B-ORG
has	O
the	O
right	O
of	O
first	B-ORDINAL
refusal	O
on	O
any	O
sales	O
of	O
its	O
stock	O
held	O
by	O
the	O
trust	O
.	O


Manville	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
forest	O
and	O
building	O
products	O
concern	O
,	O
has	O
offered	O
to	O
pay	O
the	O
trust	O
$	B-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
Manville	B-ORG
's	O
convertible	O
preferred	O
stock	O
.	O


Manville	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
trust	O
are	O
discussing	O
the	O
offer	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
decision	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
.	O


The	O
filing	O
also	O
said	O
the	O
trust	O
is	O
considering	O
a	O
sale	O
of	O
Manville	B-ORG
securities	O
in	O
the	O
open	O
market	O
;	O
an	O
extraordinary	O
dividend	O
on	O
the	O
common	O
stock	O
;	O
or	O
a	O
recapitalization	O
of	O
Manville	B-ORG
.	O


The	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
jobless	O
rate	O
is	O
soaring	O
to	O
27	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
some	O
areas	O
,	O
Pravda	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


It	O
said	O
the	O
situation	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
efforts	O
to	O
streamline	O
bloated	O
factory	O
payrolls	O
.	O


Unemployment	O
has	O
reached	O
27.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
Azerbaijan	B-GPE
,	O
25.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
Tadzhikistan	B-GPE
,	O
22.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
Uzbekistan	B-GPE
,	O
18.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
Turkmenia	B-GPE
,	O
18	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
Armenia	B-GPE
and	O
16.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
Kirgizia	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Communist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
newspaper	O
said	O
.	O


All	O
are	O
non-Russian	B-NORP
republics	O
along	O
the	O
southern	O
border	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
all	O
but	O
Kirgizia	B-GPE
have	O
reported	O
rioting	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
newspaper	O
said	O
it	O
is	O
past	O
time	O
for	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
to	O
create	O
unemployment	O
insurance	O
and	O
retraining	O
programs	O
like	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
West	O
.	O


Pravda	B-ORG
gave	O
no	O
estimate	O
for	O
overall	O
unemployment	O
but	O
said	O
an	B-ORG
``	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Unemployed	I-ORG
''	O
has	O
cropped	O
up	O
that	O
says	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
jobless	O
is	O
23	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Soviets	B-NORP
,	O
or	O
17	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
work	O
force	O
.	O


An	O
11	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
dispute	O
involving	O
Australia	B-GPE
's	O
1,640	B-CARDINAL
domestic	O
pilots	O
has	O
slashed	O
airline	O
earnings	O
and	O
crippled	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
continent	O
's	O
tourist	O
industry	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
only	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
flying	O
are	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
to	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Frank	B-PERSON
Moore	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Australian	I-ORG
Tourist	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
added	O
:	O
``	O
How	O
is	O
a	O
travel	O
agent	O
going	O
to	O
sell	O
a	O
holiday	O
when	O
he	O
can	O
not	O
guarantee	O
a	O
return	O
flight	O
?	O
''	O


Transport	O
giant	O
TNT	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
owns	O
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
two	B-CARDINAL
major	O
domestic	O
carriers	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
the	O
dispute	O
had	O
been	O
heavy	O
,	O
cutting	O
TNT	B-ORG
's	O
profits	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
$	B-MONEY
12	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
the	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
Sept.	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
.	O


Brazilian	B-NORP
financier	O
Naji	B-PERSON
Nahas	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
arrested	O
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
after	O
102	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	O
hiding	O
,	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
interrogated	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
by	O
the	O
Brazilian	B-NORP
judiciary	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Nahas	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
single	O
-	O
handedly	O
provoked	O
a	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
closure	O
of	O
Brazil	B-GPE
's	O
stock	O
markets	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
when	O
he	O
failed	O
to	O
honor	O
a	O
debt	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
31.1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
owed	O
to	O
his	O
brokers	O
,	O
yesterday	B-DATE
blamed	O
his	O
predicament	O
on	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
Sao	B-GPE
Paulo	I-GPE
stock	O
exchange	O
;	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
before	O
Mr.	O
Nahas	B-PERSON
's	O
failure	O
,	O
the	O
exchange	O
raised	O
the	O
required	O
margin	O
on	O
stock	O
-	O
margin	O
transactions	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
parliament	O
ousted	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
residents	O
from	O
a	O
panel	O
drafting	O
a	O
new	O
constitution	O
for	O
the	O
colony	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
,	O
Szeto	B-PERSON
Wah	I-PERSON
and	O
Martin	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
,	O
were	O
deemed	O
unfit	O
because	O
they	O
had	O
condemned	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
crackdown	O
on	O
its	O
pro-democracy	O
movement	O
.	O


The	O
committee	O
is	O
formulating	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
constitution	O
for	O
when	O
it	O
reverts	O
to	O
Chinese	B-NORP
control	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
Chinese	B-NORP
lawmakers	O
said	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
can	O
only	O
return	O
if	O
they	O
``	O
abandon	O
their	O
antagonistic	O
stand	O
against	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
and	O
their	O
attempt	O
to	O
nullify	O
the	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	O
British	O
joint	O
declaration	O
on	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O
''	O


NUCLEAR	O
REACTOR	O
FOR	O
ISRAEL	B-GPE
?	O


Israeli	B-NORP
officials	O
confirmed	O
that	O
Energy	B-ORG
Minister	O
Moshe	B-PERSON
Shahal	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
Canadian	B-NORP
counterpart	O
,	O
Jake	B-PERSON
Epp	I-PERSON
,	O
discussed	O
a	O
possible	O
Israeli	B-NORP
purchase	O
of	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
1.1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
Canadian	B-NORP
nuclear	O
reactor	O
for	O
producing	O
electricity	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
a	O
Canadian	B-ORG
Embassy	I-ORG
official	O
in	O
Tel	B-GPE
Aviv	I-GPE
said	O
that	O
Canada	B-GPE
was	O
unlikely	O
to	O
sell	O
the	O
Candu	B-ORG
heavy	O
-	O
water	O
reactor	O
to	O
Israel	B-GPE
since	O
Israel	B-GPE
has	O
n't	O
signed	O
the	B-LAW
Nuclear	I-LAW
Non-Proliferation	I-LAW
Treaty	I-LAW
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
accused	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
of	O
using	O
subterfuge	O
to	O
seek	O
elements	O
needed	O
to	O
develop	O
nuclear	O
weapons	O
.	O


The	O
South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
government	O
is	O
signing	O
a	O
protocol	O
today	B-DATE
establishing	O
formal	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
with	O
Poland	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
are	O
also	O
signing	O
a	O
trade	O
agreement	O
.	O


South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
government	O
officials	O
said	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
expect	O
that	O
Seoul	B-GPE
can	O
loan	O
money	O
to	O
Warsaw	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
it	O
can	O
``	O
offer	O
experience	O
.	O
''	O


Poland	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
Communist	B-NORP
nation	O
to	O
recognize	O
the	O
Seoul	B-GPE
government	O
;	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
established	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
with	O
Hungary	B-GPE
in	O
February	B-DATE
1989	I-DATE
.	O


Venezuela	B-GPE
will	O
hold	O
a	O
debt	O
-	O
equity	O
auction	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
with	O
32	B-CARDINAL
potential	O
bidders	O
participating	O
.	O


Earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Venezuela	B-GPE
announced	O
it	O
was	O
opening	O
up	O
debt	O
-	O
equity	O
swaps	O
to	O
foreign	O
investors	O
but	O
said	O
the	O
program	O
would	O
be	O
limited	O
to	O
a	O
net	O
disbursement	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
600	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
.	O


Friday	B-DATE
's	O
auction	O
will	O
be	O
limited	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
disbursed	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
to	O
potential	O
investors	O
.	O


The	O
office	O
of	O
foreign	O
investment	O
has	O
authorized	O
some	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.78	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
worth	O
of	O
investment	O
proposals	O
,	O
said	O
Edwin	B-PERSON
Perozo	I-PERSON
,	O
superintendent	O
of	O
foreign	O
investment	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
proposals	O
are	O
in	O
tourism	O
,	O
basic	O
industry	O
and	O
fishery	O
and	O
agro	O
-	O
industry	O
projects	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
debt	O
-	O
equity	O
program	O
,	O
potential	O
investors	O
will	O
submit	O
sealed	O
bids	O
on	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
discount	O
they	O
are	O
willing	O
to	O
purchase	O
the	O
debt	O
at	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
bids	O
will	O
be	O
allocated	O
based	O
on	O
these	O
discount	O
offers	O
.	O


The	O
Venezuelan	B-NORP
central	O
bank	O
set	O
a	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
floor	O
on	O
the	O
bidding	O
.	O


A	O
song	O
by	O
American	B-NORP
singer	O
Tracy	B-PERSON
Chapman	I-PERSON
praising	O
jailed	O
black	O
leader	O
Nelson	B-PERSON
Mandela	I-PERSON
was	O
banned	O
from	O
South	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
state	O
radio	O
and	O
television	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
South	I-ORG
African	I-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
the	O
song	O
``	O
Freedom	B-WORK_OF_ART
Now	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
was	O
``	O
undesirable	O
for	O
broadcasting	O
.	O
''	O
...	O


Britain	B-GPE
's	O
House	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Commons	I-ORG
passed	O
a	O
law	O
that	O
will	O
force	O
English	B-NORP
soccer	O
fans	O
to	O
carry	O
identity	O
cards	O
to	O
enter	O
stadiums	O
.	O


The	O
``	O
anti-hooligan	O
''	O
law	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
deprive	O
troublemakers	O
of	O
cards	O
,	O
must	O
be	O
ratified	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Lords	I-ORG
and	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
become	O
effective	O
early	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Banca	B-ORG
Nazionale	I-ORG
del	I-ORG
Lavoro	I-ORG
said	O
its	O
potential	O
losses	O
from	O
lending	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
could	O
reach	O
1.175	B-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
lire	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
872	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
marking	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
quantification	O
of	O
potential	O
costs	O
of	O
unauthorized	O
lending	O
by	O
its	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
branch	O
.	O


BNL	B-ORG
previously	O
reported	O
that	O
its	O
Georgia	B-GPE
branch	O
had	O
taken	O
on	O
loan	O
commitments	O
topping	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
without	O
the	O
Rome	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
management	O
's	O
approval	O
.	O


State	O
-	O
owned	O
BNL	B-ORG
,	O
Italy	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
bank	O
,	O
has	O
filed	O
charges	O
against	O
the	O
branch	O
's	O
former	O
manager	O
,	O
Christopher	B-PERSON
Drogoul	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
a	O
former	O
branch	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
alleging	O
fraud	O
and	O
breach	O
of	O
their	O
fiduciary	O
duties	O
.	O


BNL	B-ORG
also	O
said	O
that	O
its	O
board	O
had	O
approved	O
``	O
after	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
discussion	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
letter	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Italy	I-ORG
outlining	O
measures	O
the	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
bank	O
has	O
taken	O
or	O
plans	O
to	O
take	O
to	O
improve	O
controls	O
on	O
its	O
foreign	O
branches	O
.	O


The	O
central	O
bank	O
had	O
ordered	O
BNL	B-ORG
to	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
suitable	O
program	O
by	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Italy	I-ORG
has	O
also	O
ordered	O
BNL	B-ORG
to	O
shore	O
up	O
its	O
capital	O
base	O
to	O
account	O
for	O
potential	O
foreign	O
loan	O
losses	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Rome	B-GPE
bank	O
has	O
outlined	O
a	O
3	B-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
lire	I-MONEY
capital	O
-	O
raising	O
operation	O
.	O


BNL	B-ORG
was	O
unable	O
to	O
elaborate	O
on	O
what	O
measures	O
were	O
planned	O
by	O
the	O
bank	O
to	O
improve	O
controls	O
on	O
its	O
branches	O
abroad	O
.	O


Hardly	O
a	O
day	B-DATE
passes	O
without	O
news	O
photos	O
of	O
the	O
police	O
dragging	O
limp	O
protesters	O
from	O
some	O
building	O
or	O
thoroughfare	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
our	O
cities	O
.	O


Of	O
recent	O
note	O
are	O
the	O
activities	O
of	O
the	O
pro	O
-	O
and	O
anti-abortionists	O
,	O
anti-nuclear	O
activists	O
,	O
animal	O
rights	O
protesters	O
,	O
college	O
students	O
concerned	O
about	O
racism	O
,	O
anti-apartheid	O
groups	O
,	O
various	O
self	O
-	O
styled	O
``	O
environmentalists	O
''	O
and	O
those	O
dissatisfied	O
with	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
against	O
AIDS	O
.	O


Maybe	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
start	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
Mohandas	B-PERSON
Gandhi	I-PERSON
certainly	O
provided	O
a	O
recognizable	O
beginning	O
to	O
non-violent	O
civil	O
disobedience	O
as	O
we	O
know	O
it	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
Mahatma	B-PERSON
,	O
or	O
``	O
great	O
souled	O
one	O
,	O
''	O
instigated	O
several	O
campaigns	O
of	O
passive	O
resistance	O
against	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
government	O
in	O
India	B-GPE
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Webster	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Biographical	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dictionary	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
``	O
His	O
policies	O
went	O
beyond	O
his	O
control	O
and	O
resulted	O
...	O
in	O
riots	O
and	O
disturbances	O
''	O
and	O
later	O
a	O
renewed	O
campaign	O
of	O
civil	O
disobedience	O
``	O
resulted	O
in	O
rioting	O
and	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
imprisonment	O
.	O
''	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
a	O
proponent	O
of	O
everything	O
Gandhi	B-PERSON
did	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
of	O
his	O
law	O
breaking	O
was	O
justified	O
because	O
India	B-GPE
was	O
then	O
under	O
occupation	O
by	O
a	O
foreign	O
power	O
,	O
and	O
Indians	B-NORP
were	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
participate	O
fully	O
in	O
decisions	O
that	O
vitally	O
affected	O
them	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
difficult	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
to	O
justify	O
civil	O
disobedience	O
,	O
non-violent	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
where	O
citizens	O
have	O
full	O
recourse	O
to	O
the	O
ballot	O
box	O
to	O
effect	O
change	O
.	O


Where	O
truly	O
representative	O
governments	O
are	O
safeguarded	O
by	O
constitutional	O
protections	O
of	O
human	O
rights	O
and	O
an	O
independent	O
judiciary	O
to	O
construe	O
those	O
rights	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
excuse	O
for	O
breaking	O
the	O
law	O
because	O
some	O
individual	O
or	O
group	O
disagrees	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


There	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
few	O
cases	O
where	O
the	O
law	O
breaking	O
is	O
well	O
pinpointed	O
and	O
so	O
completely	O
non-invasive	O
of	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
others	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
criticize	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
case	O
of	O
Rosa	B-PERSON
Parks	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
black	O
woman	O
who	O
refused	O
to	O
sit	O
at	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
the	O
bus	O
,	O
comes	O
to	O
mind	O
as	O
an	O
illustration	O
.	O


But	O
most	O
cases	O
of	O
non-violent	O
civil	O
disobedience	O
are	O
not	O
nearly	O
so	O
benign	O
.	O


The	O
public	O
has	O
a	O
tendency	O
to	O
equate	O
lawful	O
demonstrations	O
with	O
non-violent	O
civil	O
disobedience	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
true	O
that	O
both	O
are	O
non-violent	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
fundamental	O
difference	O
between	O
them	O
.	O


Lawful	O
demonstrations	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
peaceful	O
picketing	O
and	O
other	O
assemblages	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
disturb	O
the	O
peace	O
or	O
cause	O
a	O
public	O
nuisance	O
or	O
interfere	O
with	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
others	O
,	O
are	O
rights	O
guaranteed	O
by	O
any	O
truly	O
free	O
system	O
of	O
government	O
.	O


Civil	O
disobedience	O
,	O
violent	O
or	O
non-violent	O
,	O
is	O
intentional	O
law	O
breaking	O
.	O


The	O
subject	O
of	O
this	O
discussion	O
is	O
non-violent	O
civil	O
disobedience	O
;	O
but	O
,	O
before	O
we	O
get	O
on	O
with	O
that	O
,	O
let	O
me	O
make	O
just	O
a	O
few	O
tangential	O
remarks	O
about	O
lawful	O
demonstrations	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
useful	O
to	O
call	O
public	O
attention	O
to	O
grievances	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
have	O
little	O
value	O
in	O
educating	O
anyone	O
about	O
the	O
issues	O
in	O
dispute	O
.	O


The	O
delight	O
of	O
television	O
in	O
dramatic	O
confrontation	O
encourages	O
overuse	O
of	O
slogans	O
chanted	O
through	O
bullhorns	O
,	O
militant	O
gestures	O
,	O
accusatory	O
signs	O
and	O
other	O
emotionally	O
inspired	O
tactics	O
.	O


Civilized	O
discourse	O
and	O
an	O
environment	O
where	O
compromise	O
can	O
begin	O
are	O
lost	O
in	O
a	O
hostile	O
posture	O
abetted	O
by	O
superficial	O
media	O
interviews	O
.	O


At	O
best	O
,	O
demonstrations	O
are	O
overused	O
and	O
boringly	O
uninformative	O
;	O
at	O
worst	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
become	O
the	O
stimuli	O
that	O
lead	O
to	O
law	O
breaking	O
.	O


Demonstrations	O
are	O
particularly	O
apt	O
to	O
degenerate	O
into	O
criminal	O
conduct	O
when	O
they	O
leave	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
the	O
grievance	O
and	O
become	O
mobile	O
.	O


Petty	O
criminals	O
and	O
street	O
people	O
looking	O
for	O
excitement	O
attach	O
themselves	O
like	O
remora	O
to	O
the	O
fringes	O
of	O
the	O
crowd	O
and	O
use	O
the	O
protest	O
as	O
an	O
excuse	O
for	O
rock	O
throwing	O
,	O
auto	O
trashing	O
,	O
arson	O
,	O
window	O
breaking	O
,	O
looting	O
,	O
pocket	O
picking	O
and	O
general	O
hooliganism	O
.	O


Soon	O
the	O
whole	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
demonstration	O
is	O
lost	O
in	O
mob	O
mania	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
better	O
ways	O
to	O
promote	O
a	O
cause	O
.	O


Where	O
non-violent	O
civil	O
disobedience	O
is	O
the	O
centerpiece	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
lawful	O
demonstration	O
that	O
may	O
only	O
attract	O
crime	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
justify	O
.	O


Some	O
find	O
no	O
harm	O
in	O
the	O
misdemeanors	O
of	O
trespass	O
,	O
minor	O
property	O
destruction	O
,	O
blocking	O
traffic	O
and	O
the	O
like	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
these	O
are	O
small	O
prices	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
galvanizing	O
action	O
for	O
the	O
all	O
-	O
important	O
cause	O
.	O


The	O
crimes	O
may	O
appear	O
small	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
prices	O
can	O
be	O
huge	O
.	O


Here	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
cases	O
to	O
illustrate	O
.	O


Assume	O
a	O
neighborhood	O
demonstration	O
to	O
protest	O
speeding	O
on	O
a	O
certain	O
road	O
or	O
a	O
careless	O
accident	O
involving	O
a	O
police	O
car	O
.	O


The	O
protesters	O
lie	O
down	O
in	O
the	O
street	O
,	O
blocking	O
traffic	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
not	O
move	O
until	O
the	O
authorities	O
carry	O
them	O
away	O
.	O


Assume	O
that	O
someone	O
caught	O
in	O
the	O
jam	O
has	O
a	O
heart	O
attack	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
way	O
to	O
get	O
an	O
ambulance	O
in	O
quickly	O
to	O
move	O
him	O
to	O
a	O
hospital	O
.	O


He	O
dies	O
.	O


The	O
demonstration	O
was	O
non-violent	O
and	O
involved	O
only	O
a	O
simple	O
misdemeanor	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
impact	O
on	O
that	O
individual	O
was	O
violent	O
and	O
terminal	O
.	O


Assume	O
that	O
a	O
TV	O
network	O
is	O
airing	O
a	O
celebrity	O
interview	O
program	O
with	O
a	O
live	O
audience	O
.	O


The	O
politician	O
appearing	O
is	O
highly	O
controversial	O
and	O
has	O
recently	O
generated	O
a	O
good	O
deal	O
of	O
rancor	O
amid	O
certain	O
groups	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
planned	O
protest	O
against	O
his	O
appearance	O
,	O
several	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
studio	O
audience	O
chain	O
themselves	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
TV	O
cameras	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
the	O
program	O
can	O
not	O
continue	O
.	O


The	O
network	O
must	O
refund	O
money	O
to	O
the	O
advertisers	O
and	O
loses	O
considerable	O
revenue	O
and	O
prestige	O
.	O


The	O
demonstrators	O
have	O
been	O
non-violent	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
their	O
trespasses	O
has	O
been	O
to	O
seriously	O
impair	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
others	O
unconnected	O
with	O
their	O
dispute	O
.	O


It	O
might	O
be	O
alleged	O
that	O
TV	O
has	O
done	O
more	O
than	O
its	O
share	O
to	O
popularize	O
and	O
promote	O
non-violent	O
civil	O
disobedience	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
situation	O
hypothesized	O
above	O
would	O
be	O
simply	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
``	O
chickens	O
coming	O
home	O
to	O
roost	O
.	O
''	O


Or	O
maybe	O
the	O
TV	O
network	O
would	O
lose	O
nothing	O
.	O


Geraldo	B-PERSON
or	O
Phil	B-PERSON
would	O
probably	O
pull	O
up	O
another	O
camera	O
and	O
interview	O
the	O
chained	O
protesters	O
.	O


Let	O
us	O
look	O
for	O
a	O
moment	O
at	O
another	O
type	O
of	O
non-violent	O
civil	O
disobedience	O
that	O
only	O
harms	O
other	O
people	O
indirectly	O
,	O
yet	O
does	O
irreparable	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
nation	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
referring	O
to	O
those	O
young	O
men	O
who	O
chose	O
to	O
disobey	O
their	O
country	O
's	O
call	O
to	O
arms	O
during	O
the	B-EVENT
Vietnam	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
and	O
fled	O
to	O
Canada	B-GPE
or	O
some	O
other	O
sanctuary	O
to	O
avoid	O
combat	O
.	O


Their	O
cowardly	O
acts	O
of	O
civil	O
disobedience	O
,	O
which	O
they	O
tried	O
to	O
hide	O
under	O
the	O
cloak	O
of	O
outrage	O
at	O
a	O
war	O
they	O
characterized	O
as	O
``	O
immoral	O
,	O
''	O
weakened	O
the	O
national	O
fabric	O
and	O
threw	O
additional	O
burdens	O
on	O
those	O
who	O
served	O
honorably	O
in	O
that	O
conflict	O
.	O


Even	O
more	O
at	O
fault	O
are	O
those	O
leaders	O
in	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
government	O
who	O
urged	O
and	O
supported	O
their	O
defections	O
,	O
thereby	O
giving	O
great	O
help	O
and	O
comfort	O
to	O
the	O
enemy	O
propagandists	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
amazing	O
that	O
the	O
ensuing	O
mass	O
executions	O
in	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
and	O
Cambodia	B-GPE
do	O
not	O
weight	O
more	O
heavily	O
on	O
minds	O
so	O
morally	O
fine	O
-	O
tuned	O
.	O


Worse	O
,	O
it	O
remained	O
to	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
meaning	O
but	O
naive	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
to	O
administer	O
the	O
final	O
infamy	O
upon	O
those	O
who	O
fought	O
and	O
died	O
in	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
.	O


Under	O
the	O
guise	O
of	O
``	O
healing	O
the	O
wounds	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
,	O
''	O
President	O
Carter	B-PERSON
pardoned	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
draft	O
evaders	O
,	O
thus	O
giving	O
dignity	O
to	O
their	O
allegations	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
's	O
``	O
immorality	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
precedent	O
having	O
been	O
set	O
,	O
who	O
can	O
complain	O
if	O
future	O
generations	O
called	O
upon	O
to	O
defend	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
yield	O
to	O
the	O
temptation	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
danger	O
of	O
combat	O
by	O
simply	O
declaring	O
the	O
war	O
immoral	O
and	O
hiding	O
until	O
it	O
is	O
over	O
?	O


Finally	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
important	O
to	O
point	O
out	O
the	O
extraordinarily	O
high	O
visibility	O
of	O
non-violent	O
civil	O
disobedience	O
in	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
intensive	O
media	O
coverage	O
.	O


Give	O
television	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
cover	O
live	O
any	O
breaking	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
second	B-ORDINAL
invitation	O
will	O
be	O
required	O
.	O


This	O
brings	O
into	O
question	O
the	O
motives	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
lead	O
civil	O
disobedience	O
demonstrations	O
.	O


Do	O
they	O
want	O
the	O
spotlight	O
for	O
themselves	O
or	O
for	O
their	O
cause	O
?	O


Here	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
rule	O
of	O
thumb	O
:	O
If	O
the	O
movement	O
produced	O
the	O
leader	O
,	O
the	O
chance	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
sincere	O
is	O
much	O
greater	O
than	O
if	O
the	O
leader	O
produced	O
the	O
movement	O
.	O


In	O
either	O
case	O
,	O
ask	O
yourself	O
whether	O
you	O
have	O
become	O
better	O
informed	O
on	O
the	O
issues	O
under	O
protest	O
by	O
watching	O
the	O
act	O
of	O
civil	O
disobedience	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
have	O
not	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
probable	O
that	O
a	O
thorough	O
airing	O
of	O
the	O
dispute	O
by	O
calm	O
and	O
rational	O
debate	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
better	O
course	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Agnew	B-PERSON
was	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
from	O
1969	B-DATE
until	O
he	O
resigned	O
in	O
1973	B-DATE
.	O


BUSH	B-PERSON
AND	O
GORBACHEV	B-PERSON
WILL	O
HOLD	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
informal	O
talks	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
president	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
and	O
the	O
Kremlin	B-ORG
leader	O
would	O
meet	O
Dec.	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
3	I-DATE
aboard	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Soviet	B-NORP
naval	O
vessels	O
in	O
the	O
Mediterranean	B-LOC
to	O
discuss	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
issues	O
without	O
a	O
formal	O
agenda	O
.	O


A	O
simultaneous	O
announcement	O
was	O
made	O
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
neither	O
he	O
nor	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
expected	O
any	O
``	O
substantial	O
decisions	O
or	O
agreements	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
seaborne	O
meetings	O
wo	O
n't	O
disrupt	O
plans	O
for	O
a	O
formal	O
summit	O
next	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
or	O
summer	B-DATE
,	O
at	O
which	O
an	O
arms	O
-	O
control	O
treaty	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
completed	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
leaders	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
discuss	O
changes	O
sweeping	O
the	O
East	O
bloc	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
human	O
-	O
rights	O
issues	O
,	O
regional	O
disputes	O
and	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
's	O
army	O
lifted	O
a	O
blockade	O
around	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
town	O
in	O
the	O
occupied	O
West	B-LOC
Bank	I-LOC
,	O
ending	O
a	O
42	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
campaign	O
of	O
seizing	O
cars	O
,	O
furniture	O
and	O
other	O
goods	O
to	O
crush	O
a	O
tax	O
boycott	O
.	O


While	O
residents	O
claimed	O
a	O
victory	O
,	O
military	O
authorities	O
said	O
they	O
had	O
confiscated	O
the	O
equivalent	O
of	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	O
make	O
up	O
for	O
the	O
unpaid	O
taxes	O
.	O


East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
leader	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
arrived	O
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
for	O
talks	O
today	B-DATE
with	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
on	O
restructuring	O
proposals	O
.	O


In	O
East	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
,	O
Communist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
officials	O
considered	O
legalizing	O
New	B-ORG
Forum	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
largest	O
opposition	O
alliance	O
,	O
as	O
about	B-CARDINAL
20,000	I-CARDINAL
demonstrators	O
staged	O
protests	O
in	O
three	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
to	O
press	O
demands	O
for	O
democratic	O
freedoms	O
.	O


The	O
House	B-ORG
approved	O
a	O
permanent	O
smoking	O
ban	O
on	O
nearly	O
all	O
domestic	O
airline	O
routes	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
27.1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
transportation	O
bill	O
that	O
must	O
still	O
overcome	O
budget	O
obstacles	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
chamber	O
also	O
sent	O
to	O
Bush	B-PERSON
a	O
nearly	O
$	B-MONEY
67	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
fiscal	B-DATE
1990	I-DATE
measure	O
that	O
includes	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
construction	O
funds	O
for	O
a	O
space	O
station	O
.	O


Nicaragua	B-GPE
's	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
postponed	O
until	O
today	B-DATE
a	O
decision	O
on	O
whether	O
to	O
end	O
a	O
19	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
in	O
the	O
conflict	O
with	O
the	O
Contra	B-ORG
rebels	O
.	O


In	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
voted	O
to	O
condemn	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
's	O
threat	O
to	O
cancel	O
the	O
truce	O
,	O
and	O
Bush	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
would	O
review	O
U.S.	B-GPE
policy	O
toward	O
Managua	B-GPE
,	O
including	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
renewing	O
military	O
aid	O
to	O
the	O
rebels	O
.	O


Chinese	B-NORP
leader	O
Deng	B-PERSON
told	O
former	O
President	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
that	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
was	O
deeply	O
involved	O
in	O
``	O
the	O
turmoil	O
and	O
counterrevolutionary	O
rebellion	O
''	O
that	O
gripped	O
Beijing	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
.	O


Nixon	B-PERSON
,	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
a	O
private	O
visit	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
that	O
damage	O
to	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	O
U.S.	O
relations	O
was	O
``	O
very	O
great	O
,	O
''	O
calling	O
the	O
situation	O
``	O
the	O
most	O
serious	O
''	O
since	O
1972	B-DATE
.	O


Afghanistan	B-GPE
's	O
troops	O
broke	O
through	O
a	O
guerrilla	O
blockade	O
on	O
the	O
strategic	O
Salang	B-FAC
Highway	I-FAC
,	O
allowing	O
trucks	O
carrying	O
food	O
and	O
other	O
necessities	O
to	O
reach	O
Kabul	B-GPE
after	O
a	O
missile	O
attack	O
on	O
rebel	O
strongholds	O
.	O


The	O
convoy	O
of	O
about	B-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
vehicles	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
make	O
deliveries	O
to	O
the	O
capital	O
in	O
about	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Turkey	B-GPE
's	O
legislature	O
elected	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Ozal	B-PERSON
as	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
civilian	O
president	O
since	O
1960	B-DATE
,	O
opening	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
a	O
change	O
of	O
government	O
under	O
a	O
new	O
premier	O
he	O
will	O
select	O
.	O


The	O
vote	O
in	O
Ankara	B-GPE
was	O
boycotted	O
by	O
opposition	O
politicians	O
,	O
who	O
vowed	O
to	O
oust	O
Ozal	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
begins	O
his	O
seven	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
term	O
Nov.	B-DATE
9	I-DATE
,	O
succeeding	O
Kenan	B-PERSON
Evren	I-PERSON
.	O


South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
government	O
dismissed	O
demands	O
by	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
Conservatives	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
main	O
opposition	O
party	O
,	O
for	O
emergency	O
talks	O
on	O
Pretoria	B-GPE
's	O
recent	O
tolerance	O
of	O
dissent	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
also	O
urged	O
whites	O
to	O
refrain	O
from	O
panic	O
over	O
growing	O
black	O
protests	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
massive	O
anti-apartheid	O
rally	O
Sunday	B-DATE
on	O
the	O
outskirts	O
of	O
Soweto	B-GPE
.	O


Researchers	O
in	O
Belgium	B-GPE
said	O
they	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
genetic	O
engineering	O
technique	O
for	O
creating	O
hybrid	O
plants	O
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
crops	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
cotton	O
,	O
soybeans	O
and	O
rice	O
.	O


The	O
scientists	O
at	O
Plant	B-ORG
Genetic	I-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
N.V.	I-ORG
isolated	O
a	O
gene	O
that	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
generation	O
of	O
plants	O
possessing	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
production	O
trait	O
.	O


A	O
bomb	O
exploded	O
at	O
a	O
leftist	O
union	O
hall	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
,	O
killing	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
eight	I-CARDINAL
people	O
and	O
injuring	O
about	B-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
others	O
,	O
including	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Americans	B-NORP
,	O
authorities	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
blast	O
,	O
which	O
wrecked	O
the	O
opposition	O
labor	O
group	O
's	O
offices	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
latest	O
in	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
attacks	O
in	O
El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
10	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
civil	O
war	O
.	O


Hungary	B-GPE
's	O
Parliament	B-ORG
voted	O
to	O
hold	O
a	O
national	O
referendum	O
on	O
an	O
election	O
to	O
fill	O
the	O
new	O
post	O
of	O
president	O
.	O


The	O
balloting	O
to	O
decide	O
when	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
fill	O
the	O
position	O
,	O
which	O
replaces	O
a	O
collective	O
presidency	O
under	O
a	O
pact	O
signed	O
by	O
the	O
ruling	O
Socialists	B-ORG
and	O
opposition	O
groups	O
,	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
held	O
Nov	B-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
denied	O
asylum	O
to	O
a	O
Vietnamese	B-NORP
man	O
who	O
escaped	O
from	O
his	O
homeland	O
by	O
lashing	O
himself	O
to	O
the	O
rudder	O
housing	O
of	O
a	O
tanker	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	O
monsoon	O
seas	O
.	O


A	O
spokesman	O
for	O
Democratic	B-NORP
Sen.	O
Pell	B-PERSON
of	O
Rhode	B-GPE
Island	I-GPE
said	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Immigration	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Naturalization	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
would	O
review	O
the	O
stowaway	O
's	O
request	O
.	O


Vernon	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
Jordan	I-PERSON
was	O
elected	O
to	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
this	O
transportation	O
services	O
concern	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Jordan	B-PERSON
has	O
served	O
as	O
executive	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Negro	I-ORG
College	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Voter	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Southern	I-ORG
Regional	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
attorney	O
-	O
consultant	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Opportunity	I-ORG
.	O


His	O
election	O
increases	O
Ryder	B-ORG
's	O
board	O
to	O
14	B-CARDINAL
members	O
.	O


Medical	O
scientists	O
are	O
starting	O
to	O
uncover	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
genes	O
which	O
,	O
if	O
damaged	O
,	O
unleash	O
the	O
chaotic	O
growth	O
of	O
cells	O
that	O
characterizes	O
cancer	O
.	O


Scientists	O
say	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
these	O
genes	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
is	O
painting	O
a	O
new	O
and	O
startling	O
picture	O
of	O
how	O
cancer	O
develops	O
.	O


An	O
emerging	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
genes	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
produce	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
new	O
strategies	O
for	O
future	O
cancer	O
treatment	O
and	O
prevention	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


Already	O
,	O
scientists	O
are	O
developing	O
tests	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
newly	O
identified	O
genes	O
that	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
can	O
predict	O
whether	O
an	O
otherwise	O
healthy	O
individual	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
get	O
cancer	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
a	O
super-exciting	O
set	O
of	O
discoveries	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Bert	B-PERSON
Vogelstein	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Johns	B-ORG
Hopkins	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
researcher	O
who	O
has	O
just	O
found	O
a	O
gene	O
pivotal	O
to	O
the	O
triggering	O
of	O
colon	O
cancer	O
.	O


``	O
Only	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
cancer	O
was	O
a	O
black	O
box	O
about	O
which	O
we	O
knew	O
nothing	O
at	O
the	O
molecular	O
level	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
several	O
of	O
these	O
altered	O
genes	O
can	O
initiate	O
a	O
cancer	O
and	O
,	O
then	O
,	O
propel	O
it	O
into	O
a	O
deadly	O
state	O
.	O
''	O


Scientists	O
call	O
the	O
new	O
class	O
of	O
genes	O
tumor	O
-	O
suppressors	O
,	O
or	O
simply	O
anti-cancer	O
genes	O
.	O


When	O
functioning	O
normally	O
,	O
they	O
make	O
proteins	O
that	O
hold	O
a	O
cell	O
's	O
growth	O
in	O
check	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
the	O
genes	O
are	O
damaged	O
--	O
perhaps	O
by	O
radiation	O
,	O
a	O
chemical	O
or	O
through	O
a	O
chance	O
accident	O
in	O
cell	O
division	O
--	O
their	O
growth	O
-	O
suppressing	O
proteins	O
no	O
longer	O
work	O
,	O
and	O
cells	O
normally	O
under	O
control	O
turn	O
malignant	O
.	O


The	O
newly	O
identified	O
genes	O
differ	O
from	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
genes	O
discovered	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
called	O
oncogenes	O
.	O


Oncogenes	O
must	O
be	O
present	O
for	O
a	O
cell	O
to	O
become	O
malignant	O
,	O
but	O
researchers	O
have	O
found	O
them	O
in	O
normal	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
cancerous	O
cells	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
oncogenes	O
do	O
n't	O
cause	O
cancer	O
by	O
themselves	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
researchers	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
believe	O
the	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
cancer	O
genes	O
work	O
in	O
concert	O
:	O
An	O
oncogene	O
may	O
turn	O
proliferating	O
cells	O
malignant	O
only	O
after	O
the	O
tumor	O
-	O
suppressor	O
gene	O
has	O
been	O
damaged	O
.	O


Like	O
all	O
genes	O
,	O
tumor	O
-	O
suppressor	O
genes	O
are	O
inherited	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
copies	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
from	O
each	O
parent	O
.	O


Either	O
copy	O
can	O
make	O
the	O
proteins	O
needed	O
to	O
control	O
cell	O
growth	O
,	O
so	O
for	O
cancer	O
to	O
arise	O
,	O
both	O
copies	O
must	O
be	O
impaired	O
.	O


A	O
person	O
who	O
is	O
born	O
with	O
one	B-CARDINAL
defective	O
copy	O
of	O
a	O
suppressor	O
gene	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
whom	O
one	B-CARDINAL
copy	O
is	O
damaged	O
early	O
in	O
life	O
,	O
is	O
especially	O
prone	O
to	O
cancer	O
because	O
he	O
need	O
only	O
lose	O
the	O
other	O
copy	O
for	O
a	O
cancer	O
to	O
develop	O
.	O


Emerging	O
genetic	O
tests	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
spot	O
such	O
cancer	O
-	O
susceptible	O
individuals	O
,	O
ushering	O
in	O
what	O
some	O
scientists	O
believe	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
age	O
of	O
predictive	O
cancer	O
diagnosis	O
.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
and	O
Bonnie	B-PERSON
Quinlan	I-PERSON
are	O
among	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
beneficiaries	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
findings	O
.	O


The	O
Dedham	B-GPE
,	O
Mass.	B-GPE
,	O
couple	O
knew	O
even	O
before	O
Bonnie	B-PERSON
became	O
pregnant	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
that	O
any	O
child	O
of	O
theirs	O
had	O
a	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
chance	O
of	O
being	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
retinoblastoma	O
,	O
an	O
eye	O
cancer	O
that	O
occurs	O
about	O
once	O
every	O
20,000	B-CARDINAL
births	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Quinlan	B-PERSON
,	O
30	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
knew	O
he	O
carried	O
a	O
damaged	O
gene	O
,	O
having	O
lost	O
an	O
eye	O
to	O
the	O
rare	O
tumor	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
only	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
--	O
after	O
his	O
mother	O
had	O
suffered	O
the	O
same	O
fate	O
when	O
she	O
was	O
a	O
baby	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
the	O
isolation	O
of	O
the	O
retinoblastoma	O
tumor	O
-	O
suppressor	O
gene	O
,	O
it	O
became	O
possible	O
last	B-DATE
January	I-DATE
to	O
find	O
out	O
what	O
threat	O
the	O
Quinlan	B-PERSON
baby	O
faced	O
.	O


A	O
test	O
using	O
new	O
``	O
genetic	O
probes	O
''	O
showed	O
that	O
little	O
Will	B-PERSON
Quinlan	I-PERSON
had	O
not	O
inherited	O
a	O
damaged	O
retinoblastoma	O
supressor	O
gene	O
and	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
faced	O
no	O
more	O
risk	O
than	O
other	O
children	O
of	O
developing	O
the	O
rare	O
cancer	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
made	O
our	O
New	B-DATE
Year	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Quinlan	B-PERSON
.	O


This	O
test	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
predict	O
reliably	O
whether	O
an	O
individual	O
could	O
expect	O
to	O
develop	O
cancer	O
.	O


Equally	O
important	O
,	O
the	O
initial	O
discovery	O
of	O
the	O
gene	O
that	O
controls	O
retinal	O
cell	O
growth	O
,	O
made	O
by	O
a	O
Boston	B-GPE
doctor	O
named	O
Thaddeus	B-PERSON
Dryja	I-PERSON
,	O
has	O
opened	O
a	O
field	O
of	O
cancer	O
study	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
has	O
exploded	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
turns	O
out	O
that	O
studying	O
a	O
tragic	O
but	O
uncommon	O
tumor	O
made	O
possible	O
some	O
fundamental	O
insights	O
about	O
the	O
most	O
basic	O
workings	O
of	O
cancer	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Samuel	B-PERSON
Broder	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Cancer	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
All	O
this	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
obvious	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
concerned	O
about	O
advances	O
in	O
treatment	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
am	O
convinced	O
this	O
basic	O
research	O
will	O
begin	O
showing	O
results	O
there	O
soon	O
.	O
''	O


To	O
date	O
,	O
scientists	O
have	O
fingered	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
these	O
cancer	O
-	O
suppressors	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Dryja	B-PERSON
made	O
his	O
retinoblastoma	O
discovery	O
in	O
1986	B-DATE
.	O


Then	O
last	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
,	O
researchers	O
reported	O
finding	O
a	O
gene	O
called	O
p53	O
which	O
,	O
if	O
impaired	O
,	O
turns	O
healthy	O
colon	O
cells	O
cancerous	O
.	O


Soon	O
after	O
that	O
report	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
research	O
teams	O
uncovered	O
evidence	O
that	O
the	O
same	O
damaged	O
p53	O
gene	O
is	O
present	O
in	O
tissue	O
from	O
lung	O
and	O
breast	O
cancers	O
.	O


Colon	O
,	O
lung	O
and	O
breast	O
cancers	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
and	O
lethal	O
forms	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
collectively	O
killing	O
almost	B-CARDINAL
200,000	I-CARDINAL
Americans	B-NORP
a	O
year	O
.	O


Right	B-TIME
now	I-TIME
about	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
laboratories	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
Canada	B-GPE
and	O
Britain	B-GPE
,	O
are	O
racing	O
to	O
unmask	O
other	O
suspected	O
tumor	O
-	O
suppressing	O
genes	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
about	B-CARDINAL
seven	I-CARDINAL
candidates	O
.	O


Researchers	O
say	O
the	O
inactivation	O
of	O
tumor	O
-	O
suppressor	O
genes	O
,	O
alone	O
or	O
in	O
combination	O
,	O
appears	O
crucial	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
such	O
scourges	O
as	O
cancer	O
of	O
the	O
brain	O
,	O
the	O
skin	O
,	O
kidney	O
,	O
prostate	O
,	O
and	O
cervix	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
evidence	O
that	O
if	O
people	O
inherit	O
defective	O
versions	O
of	O
these	O
genes	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
especially	O
prone	O
to	O
cancer	O
,	O
perhaps	O
explaining	O
,	O
finally	O
,	O
why	O
some	O
cancers	O
seem	O
to	O
haunt	O
certain	O
families	O
.	O


The	O
story	O
of	O
tumor	O
-	O
suppressor	O
genes	O
goes	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
1970s	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
a	O
pediatrician	O
named	O
Alfred	B-PERSON
G.	I-PERSON
Knudson	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
proposed	O
that	O
retinoblastoma	O
stemmed	O
from	O
two	O
separate	O
genetic	O
defects	O
.	O


He	O
theorized	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
eye	O
cancer	O
,	O
an	O
infant	O
inherited	O
a	O
damaged	O
copy	O
of	O
a	O
gene	O
from	O
one	O
parent	O
and	O
a	O
normal	O
copy	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
.	O


The	O
tumor	O
,	O
he	O
suggested	O
,	O
developed	O
when	O
the	O
second	O
,	O
normal	O
copy	O
also	O
was	O
damaged	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
way	O
to	O
prove	O
Dr.	O
Knudson	B-PERSON
's	O
``	O
two	O
-	O
hit	O
''	O
theory	O
.	O


Back	O
then	O
,	O
scientists	O
had	O
no	O
way	O
of	O
ferreting	O
out	O
specific	O
genes	O
,	O
but	O
under	O
a	O
microscope	O
they	O
could	O
see	O
the	O
23	B-CARDINAL
pairs	O
of	O
chromosomes	O
in	O
the	O
cells	O
that	O
contain	O
the	O
genes	O
.	O


Occasionally	O
,	O
gross	O
chromosome	O
damage	O
was	O
visible	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Knudson	B-PERSON
found	O
that	O
some	O
children	O
with	O
the	O
eye	O
cancer	O
had	O
inherited	O
a	O
damaged	O
copy	O
of	O
chromosome	O
No.	O
13	B-CARDINAL
from	O
a	O
parent	O
who	O
had	O
had	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O


Under	O
a	O
microscope	O
he	O
could	O
actually	O
see	O
that	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
chromosome	O
13	B-CARDINAL
was	O
missing	O
.	O


He	O
assumed	O
the	O
missing	O
piece	O
contained	O
a	O
gene	O
or	O
genes	O
whose	O
loss	O
had	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
setting	O
off	O
the	O
cancer	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
which	O
gene	O
or	O
genes	O
had	O
disappeared	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
a	O
scientific	O
team	O
led	O
by	O
molecular	O
geneticist	O
Webster	B-PERSON
Cavenee	I-PERSON
,	O
then	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Utah	I-ORG
,	O
found	O
the	O
answer	O
.	O


The	O
team	O
used	O
a	O
battery	O
of	O
the	O
newly	O
developed	O
``	O
gene	O
probes	O
,	O
''	O
snippets	O
of	O
genetic	O
material	O
that	O
can	O
track	O
a	O
gene	O
's	O
presence	O
in	O
a	O
cell	O
.	O


By	O
analyzing	O
cells	O
extracted	O
from	O
eye	O
tumors	O
,	O
they	O
found	O
defects	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
copy	O
of	O
chromosome	O
13	B-CARDINAL
in	O
the	O
exact	O
area	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
copy	O
of	O
the	O
chromosome	O
.	O


The	O
finding	O
riveted	O
medicine	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
anyone	O
had	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
both	O
copies	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
gene	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
eruption	O
of	O
a	O
cancer	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
was	O
extraordinarily	O
satisfying	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Dr.	O
Knudson	B-PERSON
,	O
now	O
at	O
Fox	B-ORG
Chase	I-ORG
Cancer	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
in	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
I	O
was	O
convinced	O
that	O
what	O
was	O
true	O
of	O
retinoblastoma	O
would	O
be	O
true	O
for	O
all	O
cancers	O
.	O
''	O


It	O
was	O
an	O
audacious	O
claim	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
Baltimore	B-GPE
,	O
Dr.	O
Vogelstein	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
young	O
molecular	O
biologist	O
at	O
Johns	B-ORG
Hopkins	I-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
,	O
believed	O
Dr.	O
Knudson	B-PERSON
was	O
right	O
,	O
and	O
set	O
out	O
to	O
repeat	O
the	O
Cavenee	B-PERSON
experiment	O
in	O
cells	O
from	O
other	O
cancers	O
.	O


His	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
research	O
teams	O
in	O
1984	B-DATE
to	O
report	O
dual	O
chromosome	O
losses	O
for	O
a	O
rare	O
childhood	O
cancer	O
of	O
the	O
kidney	O
called	O
Wilm	O
's	O
tumor	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Vogelstein	B-PERSON
next	O
turned	O
his	O
attention	O
to	O
colon	O
cancer	O
,	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
biggest	O
cancer	O
killer	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
after	O
lung	O
cancer	O
.	O


He	O
believed	O
colon	O
cancer	O
might	O
also	O
arise	O
from	O
multiple	O
``	O
hits	O
''	O
on	O
cancer	O
suppressor	O
genes	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
often	O
seems	O
to	O
develop	O
in	O
stages	O
.	O


It	O
often	O
is	O
preceded	O
by	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
polyps	O
in	O
the	O
bowel	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
become	O
increasingly	O
malignant	O
in	O
identifiable	O
stages	O
--	O
progressing	O
from	O
less	O
severe	O
to	O
deadly	O
--	O
as	O
though	O
a	O
cascade	O
of	O
genetic	O
damage	O
might	O
be	O
occurring	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Vogelstein	B-PERSON
and	O
a	O
doctoral	O
student	O
,	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Fearon	I-PERSON
,	O
began	O
months	B-DATE
of	O
tedious	O
and	O
often	O
frustrating	O
probing	O
of	O
the	O
chromosomes	O
searching	O
for	O
signs	O
of	O
genetic	O
damage	O
.	O


They	O
began	O
uncovering	O
a	O
confusing	O
variety	O
of	O
genetic	O
deletions	O
,	O
some	O
existing	O
only	O
in	O
benign	O
polyps	O
,	O
others	O
in	O
malignant	O
cells	O
and	O
many	O
in	O
both	O
polyps	O
and	O
malignant	O
cells	O
.	O


Gradually	O
,	O
a	O
coherent	O
picture	O
of	O
cancer	O
development	O
emerged	O
.	O


If	O
both	O
copies	O
of	O
a	O
certain	O
gene	O
were	O
knocked	O
out	O
,	O
benign	O
polyps	O
would	O
develop	O
.	O


If	O
both	O
copies	O
of	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
gene	O
were	O
then	O
deleted	O
,	O
the	O
polyps	O
would	O
progress	O
to	O
malignancy	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
clear	O
that	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
gene	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
damaged	O
for	O
colon	O
cancer	O
to	O
develop	O
.	O


Their	O
report	O
galvanized	O
other	O
molecular	O
biologists	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
was	O
the	O
confirming	O
evidence	O
we	O
all	O
needed	O
that	O
-LCB-	O
gene	O
-RCB-	O
losses	O
were	O
critical	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
common	O
tumor	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Ray	B-PERSON
White	I-PERSON
at	O
Howard	B-ORG
Hughes	I-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
in	O
Salt	B-GPE
Lake	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


But	O
Dr.	O
Vogelstein	B-PERSON
had	O
yet	O
to	O
nail	O
the	O
identity	O
of	O
the	O
gene	O
that	O
,	O
if	O
damaged	O
,	O
flipped	O
a	O
colon	O
cell	O
into	O
full	O
-	O
blown	O
malignancy	O
.	O


They	O
focused	O
on	O
chromosome	O
17	B-CARDINAL
.	O


For	O
months	O
the	O
Johns	B-ORG
Hopkins	I-ORG
researchers	O
,	O
using	O
gene	O
probes	O
,	O
experimentally	O
crawled	O
down	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
chromosome	O
17	B-CARDINAL
,	O
looking	O
for	O
the	O
smallest	O
common	O
bit	O
of	O
genetic	O
material	O
lost	O
in	O
all	O
tumor	O
cells	O
.	O


Such	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
DNA	O
would	O
probably	O
constitute	O
a	O
gene	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
found	O
it	O
last	B-DATE
winter	I-DATE
,	O
Dr.	O
Vogelstein	B-PERSON
was	O
dubious	O
that	O
the	O
search	O
was	O
over	O
.	O


His	O
doubts	O
stemmed	O
from	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
a	O
Princeton	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
researcher	O
,	O
Arnold	B-PERSON
Levine	I-PERSON
,	O
had	O
found	O
in	O
experiments	O
with	O
mice	O
that	O
a	O
gene	O
called	O
p53	O
could	O
transform	O
normal	O
cells	O
into	O
cancerous	O
ones	O
.	O


The	O
deletion	O
Dr.	O
Vogelstein	B-PERSON
found	O
was	O
in	O
exactly	O
the	O
same	O
spot	O
as	O
p53	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Levine	B-PERSON
had	O
said	O
the	O
p53	O
gene	O
caused	O
cancer	O
by	O
promoting	O
growth	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
Johns	B-ORG
Hopkins	I-ORG
scientists	O
were	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
gene	O
that	O
suppressed	O
growth	O
.	O


Despite	O
that	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
Johns	B-ORG
Hopkins	I-ORG
scientists	O
compared	O
the	O
gene	O
they	O
had	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
human	O
cancer	O
cells	O
with	O
the	O
Mr.	O
Levine	B-PERSON
's	O
p53	O
gene	O
they	O
found	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
were	O
identical	O
;	O
it	O
turned	O
out	O
that	O
in	O
Mr.	O
Levine	B-PERSON
's	O
cancer	O
studies	O
,	O
he	O
had	O
unknowingly	O
been	O
observing	O
a	O
damaged	O
form	O
of	O
p53	O
--	O
a	O
cancer	O
-	O
suppressing	O
gene	O
.	O


The	O
discovery	O
``	O
suddenly	O
puts	O
an	O
obscure	O
gene	O
right	O
in	O
the	O
cockpit	O
of	O
cancer	O
formation	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Weinberg	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
leader	O
in	O
cancer	O
-	O
gene	O
research	O
at	O
Whitehead	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
in	O
Cambridge	B-GPE
,	O
Mass	B-GPE
.	O


Evidence	O
now	O
is	O
emerging	O
that	O
the	O
p53	O
suppressor	O
gene	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
other	O
cancers	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


Researchers	O
in	O
Edinburgh	B-GPE
,	O
Scotland	B-GPE
,	O
have	O
found	O
that	O
in	O
23	B-CARDINAL
of	O
38	B-CARDINAL
breast	O
tumors	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
copy	O
of	O
chromosome	O
17	B-CARDINAL
was	O
mutated	O
at	O
the	O
spot	O
where	O
gene	O
p53	O
lies	O
.	O


The	O
scientists	O
say	O
that	O
since	O
breast	O
cancer	O
often	O
strikes	O
multiple	O
members	O
of	O
certain	O
families	O
,	O
the	O
gene	O
,	O
when	O
inherited	O
in	O
a	O
damaged	O
form	O
,	O
may	O
predispose	O
women	O
to	O
the	O
cancer	O
.	O


The	O
p53	O
gene	O
has	O
just	O
been	O
implicated	O
in	O
lung	O
cancer	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
report	O
out	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
John	B-PERSON
Minna	I-PERSON
and	O
colleagues	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Cancer	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
say	O
that	O
about	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
the	O
cells	O
taken	O
from	O
lung	O
cancer	O
tissue	O
they	O
tested	O
are	O
missing	O
this	O
gene	O
.	O


There	O
also	O
are	O
reports	O
from	O
several	O
labs	O
,	O
as	O
yet	O
unpublished	O
,	O
of	O
missing	O
p53	O
genes	O
in	O
tissue	O
taken	O
from	O
kidney	O
,	O
brain	O
and	O
skin	O
cancers	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
Johns	B-ORG
Hopkins	I-ORG
team	O
and	O
others	O
are	O
rushing	O
to	O
pinpoint	O
other	O
tumor	O
-	O
suppressor	O
genes	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Vogelstein	B-PERSON
hopes	O
soon	O
to	O
isolate	O
one	B-CARDINAL
on	O
chromosome	O
18	B-CARDINAL
,	O
also	O
involved	O
in	O
colon	O
cancer	O
.	O


Ray	B-PERSON
White	I-PERSON
in	O
Utah	B-GPE
and	O
Walter	B-PERSON
Bodmer	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
researcher	O
in	O
Great	B-GPE
Britain	I-GPE
,	O
are	O
close	O
to	O
finding	O
another	O
gene	O
involved	O
with	O
some	O
types	O
of	O
colon	O
cancer	O
,	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
chromosome	O
5	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Dr.	O
Minna	B-PERSON
believes	O
people	O
who	O
inherit	O
a	O
defective	O
gene	O
somewhere	O
on	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
their	O
two	B-CARDINAL
copies	O
of	O
chromosome	O
3	B-CARDINAL
are	O
especially	O
prone	O
to	O
lung	O
cancer	O
.	O


Recently	O
,	O
he	O
and	O
others	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
retinoblastoma	O
suppressor	O
gene	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
some	O
lung	O
cancers	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
several	O
other	O
more	O
common	O
cancers	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


Where	O
these	O
discoveries	O
will	O
lead	O
,	O
scientists	O
can	O
only	O
speculate	O
.	O


Already	O
two	B-CARDINAL
major	O
pharmaceutical	O
companies	O
,	O
the	O
Squibb	B-ORG
unit	O
of	O
Bristol	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Myers	I-ORG
Squibb	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
Hoffmann	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
La	I-ORG
Roche	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
are	O
collaborating	O
with	O
gene	O
hunters	O
to	O
turn	O
the	O
anticipated	O
cascade	O
of	O
discoveries	O
into	O
predictive	O
tests	O
and	O
,	O
maybe	O
,	O
new	O
therapies	O
.	O


Some	O
researchers	O
say	O
new	O
cancer	O
drugs	O
to	O
slow	O
or	O
reverse	O
tumor	O
growth	O
may	O
be	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
suppressor	O
proteins	O
normally	O
produced	O
by	O
the	O
genes	O
.	O


The	O
idea	O
would	O
be	O
to	O
administer	O
to	O
patients	O
the	O
growth	O
-	O
controlling	O
proteins	O
made	O
by	O
healthy	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
damaged	O
genes	O
.	O


It	O
may	O
even	O
be	O
possible	O
to	O
replace	O
defective	O
genes	O
with	O
healthy	O
versions	O
,	O
though	O
no	O
one	O
has	O
come	O
close	O
to	O
doing	O
that	O
so	O
far	O
.	O


In	O
any	O
case	O
,	O
says	O
Dr.	O
Minna	B-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Cancer	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
,	O
``	O
We	O
're	O
witnessing	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
steps	O
in	O
the	O
genesis	O
of	O
cancer	O
.	O


James	B-ORG
River	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Richmond	B-GPE
,	O
Va.	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
it	O
acquired	O
the	O
tissue	O
operations	O
of	O
Buhrmann	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Tetterode	I-ORG
N.V.	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
for	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
77	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
Dutch	B-NORP
unit	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
Celtona	B-ORG
B.V.	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
a	O
leading	O
maker	O
of	O
consumer	O
and	O
away	O
-	O
from	O
-	O
home	O
tissue	O
products	O
for	O
the	O
Benelux	B-GPE
region	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
acquisition	O
includes	O
production	O
assets	O
of	O
Invercon	B-ORG
Papermils	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
maker	O
of	O
household	O
tissue	O
products	O
for	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
and	O
Ireland	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
combined	O
operations	O
had	O
1988	B-DATE
revenue	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


James	B-ORG
River	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
maker	O
of	O
pulp	O
,	O
paper	O
and	O
plastic	O
products	O
,	O
already	O
has	O
interests	O
in	O
tissue	O
businesses	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
Spain	B-GPE
,	O
Italy	B-GPE
and	O
Turkey	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
company	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
plans	O
to	O
form	O
European	B-NORP
ventures	O
with	O
Italian	B-NORP
and	O
Finnish	B-NORP
companies	O
.	O


The	O
Celtona	B-ORG
operations	O
would	O
become	O
part	O
of	O
those	O
ventures	O
.	O


EAST	B-NORP
GERMANS	I-NORP
RALLIED	O
in	O
three	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
to	O
demand	O
democratic	O
freedoms	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
new	O
leader	O
,	O
Egon	B-PERSON
Krenz	I-PERSON
,	O
prepared	O
to	O
travel	O
to	O
Moscow	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
for	O
talks	O
with	O
Soviet	B-NORP
leader	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
,	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
East	B-NORP
Germans	I-NORP
massed	O
in	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
Leipzig	B-GPE
,	O
Halle	B-GPE
and	O
Schwerin	B-GPE
to	O
call	O
for	O
internal	O
freedoms	O
and	O
the	O
legalization	O
of	O
the	O
New	B-ORG
Forum	I-ORG
opposition	O
group	O
.	O


Krenz	B-PERSON
,	O
however	O
,	O
vowed	O
to	O
preserve	O
the	B-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
hold	O
on	O
political	O
power	O
and	O
said	O
East	B-NORP
Germans	I-NORP
should	O
n't	O
destabilize	O
the	O
nation	O
with	O
unrealistic	O
demands	O
.	O


Communist	B-NORP
officials	O
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
have	O
faced	O
nearly	O
daily	B-DATE
pro-democracy	O
protests	O
,	O
accompanied	O
by	O
the	O
flight	O
to	O
the	O
West	O
by	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
East	B-NORP
Germans	I-NORP
.	O


Soviet	B-NORP
police	O
clashed	O
with	O
demonstrators	O
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
following	O
a	O
candlelight	O
vigil	O
around	O
the	O
KGB	B-ORG
's	O
Lubyanka	B-FAC
headquarters	O
in	O
memory	O
of	O
those	O
persecuted	O
under	O
Stalin	B-PERSON
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
1,000	I-CARDINAL
Muscovites	B-NORP
attended	O
the	O
service	O
.	O


A	O
splinter	O
group	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
Pushkin	B-FAC
Square	I-FAC
,	O
where	O
the	O
police	O
clubbed	O
and	O
detained	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
protesters	O
.	O


Police	O
in	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
dispersed	O
about	B-CARDINAL
1,000	I-CARDINAL
ethnic	O
Albanians	B-NORP
who	O
were	O
protesting	O
the	O
trial	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
Communist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
chief	O
of	O
the	O
southern	O
province	O
of	O
Kosovo	B-GPE
.	O


Azem	B-PERSON
Vlasi	I-PERSON
and	O
14	B-CARDINAL
others	O
are	O
accused	O
of	O
inciting	O
riots	O
and	O
strikes	O
and	O
opposing	O
constitutional	O
limits	O
to	O
Kosovo	B-GPE
's	O
autonomy	O
.	O


If	O
convicted	O
,	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
sentenced	O
to	O
death	O
.	O


A	O
court	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
sentenced	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
to	O
16	B-CARDINAL
life	O
terms	O
for	O
forcing	O
a	O
bus	O
off	O
a	O
cliff	O
July	B-DATE
6	I-DATE
,	O
killing	O
16	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
radio	O
reported	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
received	O
20	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
sentences	O
for	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
24	B-CARDINAL
passengers	O
injured	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
considered	O
the	O
stiffest	O
sentence	O
passed	O
since	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
the	O
22	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Arab	B-NORP
uprising	O
in	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
occupied	O
territories	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Soviet	B-NORP
negotiators	O
opened	O
talks	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
aimed	O
at	O
resolving	O
differences	O
in	O
proposals	O
to	O
reduce	O
chemical	O
-	O
weapons	O
arsenals	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
Kremlin	B-ORG
has	O
urged	O
a	O
ban	O
on	O
output	O
of	O
the	O
poison	O
gases	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
wants	O
to	O
continue	O
producing	O
the	O
weapons	O
even	O
after	O
an	O
international	O
treaty	O
calling	O
for	O
their	O
destruction	O
is	O
signed	O
.	O


South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
government	O
said	O
peaceful	O
demonstrations	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
anti-apartheid	O
rally	O
Sunday	B-DATE
near	O
Soweto	B-GPE
have	O
helped	O
ease	O
tensions	O
and	O
assisted	O
political	O
changes	O
.	O


About	B-CARDINAL
70,000	I-CARDINAL
people	O
attended	O
the	O
anti-government	O
rally	O
,	O
at	O
which	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
banned	O
African	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
refused	O
to	O
renounce	O
violence	O
to	O
end	O
apartheid	O
.	O


Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Baker	B-PERSON
expressed	O
concern	O
that	O
Nicaraguan	B-NORP
President	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
may	O
attempt	O
to	O
use	O
alleged	O
attacks	O
by	O
the	O
U.S.backed	B-GPE
Contra	B-ORG
rebels	O
as	O
an	O
excuse	O
to	O
scuttle	O
elections	O
scheduled	O
for	O
February	B-DATE
.	O


Ortega	B-PERSON
had	O
threatened	O
to	O
end	O
a	O
19	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
ceasefire	O
.	O


Baker	B-PERSON
's	O
remarks	O
came	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
urged	O
both	O
sides	O
to	O
honor	O
the	O
truce	O
.	O


The	B-PRODUCT
USS	I-PRODUCT
Lexington	I-PRODUCT
returned	O
to	O
dock	O
in	O
Pensacola	B-GPE
,	O
Fla.	B-GPE
,	O
following	O
an	O
accident	O
Sunday	B-DATE
in	O
which	O
the	O
pilot	O
of	O
a	O
training	O
jet	O
crashed	O
into	O
the	O
ship	O
,	O
killing	O
five	B-CARDINAL
sailors	O
.	O


The	O
captain	O
of	O
the	O
aircraft	O
carrier	O
,	O
the	O
oldest	O
in	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
,	O
said	O
the	O
flier	O
was	O
making	O
his	O
first	O
attempt	O
to	O
land	O
on	O
a	O
carrier	O
.	O


Four	B-CARDINAL
people	O
torched	O
three	B-CARDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
flags	O
on	O
the	O
central	O
steps	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
Capitol	B-FAC
in	O
a	O
bid	O
to	O
test	O
a	O
new	O
federal	O
law	O
protecting	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
flag	O
from	O
desecration	O
.	O


All	O
four	B-CARDINAL
demonstrators	O
were	O
arrested	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
,	O
which	O
Bush	B-PERSON
allowed	O
to	O
take	O
effect	O
without	O
his	O
signature	O
,	O
went	O
into	O
force	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


Chinese	B-NORP
officials	O
said	O
armed	O
police	O
would	O
replace	O
soldiers	O
in	O
Tiananmen	B-FAC
Square	I-FAC
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
scaling	O
down	O
of	O
Beijing	B-GPE
's	O
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
state	O
of	O
emergency	O
.	O


Separately	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Embassy	I-ORG
has	O
filed	O
three	B-CARDINAL
protests	O
in	O
as	B-DATE
many	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
with	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
government	O
,	O
alleging	O
harassment	O
of	O
diplomats	O
and	O
their	O
families	O
,	O
an	O
embassy	O
source	O
said	O
.	O


Authorities	O
in	O
Algeria	B-GPE
said	O
the	O
toll	O
from	O
two	B-CARDINAL
earthquakes	O
Sunday	B-DATE
had	O
reached	O
at	O
least	O
30	B-CARDINAL
dead	O
and	O
about	B-CARDINAL
250	I-CARDINAL
injured	O
.	O


The	O
heaviest	O
damage	O
was	O
reported	O
in	O
Tipasa	B-GPE
,	O
about	B-QUANTITY
40	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
west	O
of	O
Algiers	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
rescue	O
teams	O
continued	O
searching	O
for	O
victims	O
,	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
suvivors	O
accused	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
a	O
feeble	O
response	O
following	O
the	O
temblors	O
.	O


Britain	B-GPE
's	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
summoned	O
senior	O
advisers	O
for	O
strategy	O
talks	O
as	O
opinion	O
polls	O
showed	O
the	O
prime	O
minister	O
's	O
popularity	O
had	O
hit	O
a	O
record	O
low	O
following	O
the	O
resignation	O
last	B-DATE
Thursday	I-DATE
of	O
Chancellor	O
of	O
the	O
Exchequer	B-ORG
Lawson	B-PERSON
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
poll	O
,	O
conducted	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
British	I-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
found	O
that	O
52	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
voters	O
believed	O
that	O
she	O
should	O
quit	O
.	O


Lawmakers	O
in	O
Hungary	B-GPE
approved	O
legislation	O
granting	O
amnesty	O
to	O
many	O
people	O
convicted	O
of	O
crimes	O
punishable	O
by	O
less	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
prison	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
established	O
an	O
office	O
to	O
control	O
government	O
and	O
party	O
finances	O
.	O


The	O
laws	O
take	O
effect	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Died	O
:	O
Robert	B-PERSON
V.	I-PERSON
Van	I-PERSON
Fossan	I-PERSON
,	O
63	B-DATE
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
Mutual	B-ORG
Benefit	I-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Sunday	B-DATE
,	O
in	O
Morristown	B-GPE
,	O
N.J.	B-GPE
,	O
of	O
cancer	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
peaceful	O
time	O
in	O
this	O
part	O
of	O
western	O
India	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
summer	B-DATE
crop	O
is	O
harvested	O
,	O
winter	B-DATE
sowing	O
has	O
yet	O
to	O
begin	O
.	O


Farmers	O
in	O
loose	O
turbans	O
and	O
fancy	O
earrings	O
spend	O
their	O
afternoons	B-TIME
laughing	O
and	O
gossiping	O
at	O
the	O
markets	O
.	O


One	O
could	O
imagine	O
such	O
a	O
lull	O
in	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
the	O
Arabs	B-NORP
before	O
the	O
quadrupling	O
of	O
oil	O
prices	O
.	O


For	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
Arabs	B-NORP
were	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1960s	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
farmers	O
of	O
Sidhpur	B-GPE
are	O
on	O
the	O
brink	O
of	O
global	O
power	O
and	O
fame	O
.	O


The	O
Arabs	B-NORP
had	O
merely	O
oil	O
.	O


These	O
farmers	O
may	O
have	O
a	O
grip	O
on	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
very	O
heart	O
.	O


Or	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
,	O
its	O
heart	O
disease	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
because	O
Sidhpur	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
near	O
-	O
monopoly	O
on	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
supply	O
of	O
flea	O
seed	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
flea	O
wort	O
or	O
,	O
in	O
Western	O
parlance	O
,	O
psyllium	O
:	O
a	O
tiny	O
,	O
tasteless	O
,	O
obscure	O
seed	O
that	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
early	O
research	O
,	O
may	O
reduce	O
cholesterol	O
levels	O
in	O
the	O
blood	O
.	O


Ever	O
since	O
the	O
link	O
to	O
cholesterol	O
was	O
disclosed	O
,	O
Americans	B-NORP
have	O
begun	O
scarfing	O
up	O
psyllium	O
in	O
their	O
breakfast	O
cereals	O
.	O


If	O
further	O
research	O
proves	O
the	O
seed	O
's	O
benefits	O
,	O
this	O
dusty	O
farm	O
district	O
could	O
become	O
the	O
epicenter	O
of	O
a	O
health	O
-	O
food	O
fad	O
to	O
rival	O
all	O
fads	O
since	O
cod	O
-	O
liver	O
oil	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
seed	O
's	O
not	O
grown	O
anywhere	O
else	O
in	O
India	B-GPE
,	O
or	O
anywhere	O
else	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
T.V.	B-PERSON
Krishnamurthy	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
Procter	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Gamble	I-ORG
India	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
major	O
psyllium	O
buyer	O
and	O
promoter	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
proper	O
climatic	O
conditions	O
do	O
n't	O
exist	O
in	O
many	O
places	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
''	O


Arvind	B-PERSON
Patel	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
processor	O
and	O
exporter	O
of	O
the	O
seed	O
,	O
raves	O
:	O
``	O
If	O
psyllium	O
takes	O
the	O
place	O
of	O
oat	O
bran	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
huge	O
.	O
''	O


Whether	O
psyllium	O
makes	O
Sidhpur	B-GPE
's	O
fortune	O
depends	O
on	O
cholesterol	O
-	O
fearing	O
Americans	B-NORP
,	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Food	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Drug	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
and	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
further	O
research	O
.	O


Only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
is	O
certain	O
here	O
:	O
Pysllium	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
remain	O
solely	O
an	O
export	O
item	O
from	O
Sidhpur	B-GPE
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


Local	O
farmers	O
say	O
it	O
is	O
as	O
good	O
a	O
cash	O
crop	O
as	O
mustard	O
or	O
fenugreek	O
,	O
a	O
legume	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
have	O
no	O
desire	O
to	O
eat	O
a	O
bowl	O
of	O
psyllium	O
each	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
and	O
,	O
perhaps	O
,	O
little	O
need	O
:	O
lean	O
,	O
frugal	O
vegetarians	O
,	O
the	O
farmers	O
are	O
innocents	O
in	O
the	O
clogged	O
,	O
treacherous	O
world	O
of	O
cholesterol	O
.	O


Psyllium	O
is	O
an	O
annual	B-DATE
herb	O
,	O
Plantago	O
ovata	O
,	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
centuries	B-DATE
by	O
folk	O
doctors	O
here	O
,	O
mainly	O
as	O
a	O
laxative	O
and	O
anti-diarrheal	O
.	O


As	O
such	O
,	O
the	O
soluble	O
fiber	O
has	O
an	O
almost	O
fanatic	O
following	O
in	O
northern	O
India	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
I	O
can	O
assure	O
you	O
,	O
''	O
attests	O
a	O
25	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
lawyer	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Delhi	I-GPE
,	O
with	O
a	O
meaningfully	O
raised	O
eyebrow	O
,	O
``	O
from	O
personal	O
experience	O
,	O
it	O
works	O
.	O
''	O


A	O
prominent	O
businessman	O
in	O
Bombay	B-GPE
gives	O
a	O
similar	O
testimonial	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
have	O
been	O
taking	O
it	O
daily	B-DATE
since	O
1961	B-DATE
.	O


''	O
Folk	O
doctors	O
also	O
prescribe	O
it	O
for	O
kidney	O
,	O
bladder	O
and	O
urethra	O
problems	O
,	O
duodenal	O
ulcers	O
and	O
hemorrhoids	O
.	O


Some	O
apply	O
it	O
to	O
gouty	O
joints	O
.	O


The	O
plant	O
has	O
a	O
hairy	O
stem	O
that	O
produces	O
flowers	O
and	O
diminutive	O
seeds	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
seed	O
's	O
colorlessness	O
and	O
size	O
--	O
1,000	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
weigh	O
only	B-QUANTITY
1.5	I-QUANTITY
grams	I-QUANTITY
,	O
or	O
about	B-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
much	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
paper	O
clips	O
--	O
that	O
explain	O
the	O
historical	O
allusions	O
to	O
fleas	O
.	O


The	O
transluscent	O
husk	O
of	O
the	O
seed	O
is	O
removed	O
,	O
sifted	O
and	O
crushed	O
;	O
the	O
seed	O
itself	O
is	O
fed	O
to	O
animals	O
.	O


Some	B-PERCENT
90	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
crop	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
worth	O
$	B-MONEY
26	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
exported	O
.	O


For	O
decades	B-DATE
,	O
psyllium	O
husk	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
main	O
ingredient	O
in	O
such	O
laxatives	O
as	O
Procter	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Gamble	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Metamucil	B-PRODUCT
,	O
the	O
top	O
-	O
selling	O
brand	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Ciba	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Geigy	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Fiberall	B-PRODUCT
.	O


But	O
some	O
time	O
ago	O
,	O
researchers	O
discovered	O
that	O
soluble	O
fibers	O
also	O
lower	O
cholesterol	O
levels	O
in	O
the	O
blood	O
.	O


Cincinnati	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
P&G	B-ORG
took	O
an	O
interest	O
;	O
it	O
ordered	O
two	B-CARDINAL
studies	O
on	O
psyllium	O
and	O
cholesterol	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
studies	O
,	O
done	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Minnesota	I-ORG
,	O
tested	O
75	B-CARDINAL
people	O
with	O
raised	O
cholesterol	O
levels	O
.	O


After	O
16	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
group	O
that	O
took	O
three	B-CARDINAL
daily	B-DATE
teaspoons	O
of	O
Metamucil	B-PRODUCT
saw	O
a	O
significant	O
dip	O
in	O
their	O
general	O
cholesterol	O
levels	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
even	O
larger	O
reduction	O
in	O
levels	O
of	O
low	O
-	O
density	O
lipoproteins	O
,	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
bad	O
cholesterol	O
.	O


In	O
late	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
P&G	B-ORG
asked	O
the	O
FDA	B-ORG
for	O
approval	O
to	O
market	O
Metamucil	B-PRODUCT
as	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
non-prescription	O
,	O
cholesterol	O
-	O
lowering	O
product	O
in	O
the	O


In	O
April	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
psyllium	O
bandwagon	O
got	O
more	O
crowded	O
.	O


General	B-ORG
Mills	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
food	O
giant	O
,	O
launched	O
a	O
breakfast	O
cereal	O
called	O
Benefit	B-PRODUCT
,	O
containing	O
psyllium	O
,	O
oat	O
,	O
wheat	O
and	O
beet	O
bran	O
;	O
the	O
words	O
,	O
``	O
reduce	O
cholesterol	O
''	O
were	O
prominently	O
displayed	O
on	O
its	O
package	O
.	O


In	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
Kellogg	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
launched	O
a	O
competing	O
psyllium	O
-	O
fortified	O
cereal	O
called	O
Heartwise	B-PRODUCT
.	O


Suddenly	O
,	O
on	O
television	O
,	O
in	O
advertisements	O
and	O
on	O
their	O
cereal	O
boxes	O
,	O
Americans	B-NORP
were	O
inundated	O
with	O
news	O
about	O
the	O
obscure	O
seed	O
.	O


The	O
flood	O
of	O
claims	O
and	O
counter-claims	O
worried	O
consumers	O
and	O
actually	O
hurt	O
sales	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
cereals	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Food	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Drug	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
expressed	O
concern	O
that	O
Americans	B-NORP
might	O
someday	O
,	O
in	O
various	O
forms	O
,	O
ingest	O
too	O
much	O
psyllium	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
lull	O
in	O
the	O
psyllium	O
war	O
.	O


The	O
FDA	B-ORG
has	O
asked	O
Kellogg	B-ORG
and	O
General	B-ORG
Mills	I-ORG
to	O
show	O
research	O
that	O
their	O
cereals	O
are	O
safe	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
ordered	O
P&G	B-ORG
to	O
produce	O
more	O
studies	O
to	O
buttress	O
its	O
claims	O
that	O
Metamucil	B-PRODUCT
can	O
lower	O
cholesterol	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
agency	O
has	O
n't	O
yanked	O
psyllium	O
off	O
store	O
shelves	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
FDA	B-ORG
approves	O
the	O
new	O
uses	O
of	O
psyllium	O
,	O
other	O
companies	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
rush	O
to	O
market	O
with	O
psyllium	O
products	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
sensational	O
thing	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Krishnamurthy	B-PERSON
of	O
P&G	B-ORG
in	O
Bombay	B-GPE
.	O


Says	O
psyllium	O
exporter	O
Mr.	O
Patel	B-PERSON
:	O
``	O
I	O
just	O
got	O
back	O
yesterday	B-DATE
from	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
the	O
newspapers	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
radio	O
and	O
TV	O
,	O
psyllium	O
is	O
everywhere	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
news	O
of	O
the	O
boom	O
has	O
yet	O
to	O
trickle	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
farmers	O
.	O


They	O
only	O
know	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
use	O
for	O
the	O
crop	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
laxative	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
psyllium	O
prices	O
currently	O
languishing	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
a	O
bumper	O
crop	O
,	O
they	O
think	O
of	O
the	O
seed	O
as	O
a	O
marginal	O
crop	O
,	O
something	O
to	O
grow	O
between	O
summer	B-DATE
wheat	O
crops	O
.	O


``	O
Psyllium	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
good	O
crop	O
,	O
''	O
complains	O
Sooraji	B-PERSON
Jath	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
26	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
farmer	O
from	O
the	O
village	O
of	O
Lakshmipura	B-GPE
.	O
``	O


You	O
get	O
a	O
rain	O
at	O
the	O
wrong	O
time	O
and	O
the	O
crop	O
is	O
ruined	O
.	O
''	O


Even	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Basic	I-ORG
Chemicals	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Pharmaceuticals	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Cosmetics	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Promotion	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
government	O
agency	O
that	O
promotes	O
the	O
seed	O
,	O
the	O
psyllium	O
boom	O
is	O
distant	O
thunder	O
.	O


The	O
staff	O
brags	O
about	O
psyllium	O
's	O
hefty	O
contribution	O
to	O
American	B-NORP
regularity	O
,	O
without	O
quite	O
grasping	O
the	O
implications	O
of	O
the	O
research	O
on	O
cholesterol	O
.	O


The	O
council	O
's	O
annual	B-DATE
report	O
has	O
psyllium	O
on	O
its	O
last	O
page	O
,	O
lumped	O
with	O
such	O
unglamorous	O
export	O
items	O
as	O
sarsaparilla	O
and	O
``	O
Nux	O
vomica	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
plant	O
that	O
induces	O
vomiting	O
.	O


In	O
one	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
psyllium	O
middlemen	O
--	O
the	O
buyers	O
and	O
exporters	O
--	O
are	O
glad	O
to	O
keep	O
news	O
of	O
the	O
boom	O
to	O
themselves	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
psyllium	O
prices	O
low	O
for	O
their	O
purchases	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
catch	O
.	O


Sidhpur	B-GPE
and	O
adjacent	O
districts	O
are	O
the	O
only	O
places	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
where	O
psyllium	O
is	O
grown	O
in	O
large	O
quantities	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
partly	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
particular	O
demands	O
of	O
the	O
crop	O
.	O


Psyllium	O
needs	O
sandy	O
soil	O
,	O
dew	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
then	O
total	O
dryness	O
when	O
its	O
seeds	O
are	O
maturing	O
.	O


Small	O
crops	O
are	O
grown	O
in	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
Spain	B-GPE
,	O
Italy	B-GPE
,	O
Belgium	B-GPE
and	O
Brazil	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
their	O
quality	O
ca	O
n't	O
compare	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
Indian	B-NORP
psyllium	O
.	O


Big	O
buyers	O
like	O
Procter	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Gamble	I-ORG
say	O
there	O
are	O
other	O
spots	O
on	O
the	O
globe	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
India	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
the	O
seed	O
could	O
be	O
grown	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
crop	O
that	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
doubled	O
or	O
tripled	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Krishnamurthy	B-PERSON
.	O


But	O
no	O
one	O
has	O
made	O
a	O
serious	O
effort	O
to	O
transplant	O
the	O
crop	O
.	O


In	O
Sidhpur	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
is	O
almost	O
time	O
to	O
sow	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
crop	O
.	O


Many	O
farmers	O
,	O
too	O
removed	O
to	O
glean	O
psyllium	O
's	O
new	O
sparkle	O
in	O
the	O
West	O
,	O
have	O
decided	O
to	O
plant	O
mustard	O
,	O
fennel	O
,	O
cumin	O
,	O
fenugreek	O
or	O
castor	O
-	O
oil	O
seeds	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Jath	B-PERSON
is	O
thinking	O
of	O
passing	O
up	O
psyllium	O
altogether	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
favor	O
of	O
a	O
crop	O
with	O
a	O
future	O
such	O
as	O
cumin	O
or	O
fennel	O
.	O


``	O
Maybe	O
I	O
'll	O
plant	O
castor	O
-	O
oil	O
seeds	O
.	O
''	O


His	O
brother	O
,	O
Parkhaji	B-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
head	O
is	O
swathed	O
in	O
a	O
gorgeous	O
crimson	O
turban	O
,	O
nods	O
vigorous	O
assent	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
psyllium	O
crop	O
is	O
harvested	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
smaller	O
than	O
the	B-QUANTITY
16,000	I-QUANTITY
metric	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
--	O
right	O
at	O
the	O
crest	O
of	O
the	O
psyllium	O
boom	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
world	O
could	O
experience	O
its	O
first	O
psyllium	O
shortage	O
.	O


Joseph	B-PERSON
P.	I-PERSON
Jordan	I-PERSON
,	O
52	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
becomes	O
president	O
,	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
and	O
a	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
bank	O
company	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Jordan	B-PERSON
,	O
formerly	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
of	O
Fishkill	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
in	O
Beacon	B-GPE
,	O
N.Y.	B-GPE
,	O
succeeds	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Broderick	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
died	O
at	O
52	B-DATE
in	O
an	O
automobile	O
accident	O
.	O


APARTHEID	O
FOES	O
STAGED	O
a	O
massive	O
anti-government	O
rally	O
in	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
70,000	I-CARDINAL
people	O
filled	O
a	O
soccer	O
stadium	O
on	O
the	O
outskirts	O
of	O
the	O
black	O
township	O
of	O
Soweto	B-GPE
and	O
welcomed	O
freed	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
outlawed	O
African	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
was	O
considered	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
largest	O
opposition	O
rally	O
.	O


Walter	B-PERSON
Sisulu	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
ANC	B-ORG
's	O
former	O
secretary	O
general	O
who	O
served	O
26	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
prison	O
before	O
being	O
released	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
urged	O
peace	O
,	O
negotiation	O
and	O
discipline	O
.	O


President	O
de	B-PERSON
Klerk	I-PERSON
's	O
government	O
permitted	O
the	O
rally	O
,	O
and	O
security	O
forces	O
did	O
n't	O
interfere	O
.	O


Pretoria	B-GPE
's	O
approval	O
of	O
the	O
demonstration	O
and	O
the	O
ANC	B-ORG
's	O
conciliatory	O
tone	O
appeared	O
aimed	O
at	O
setting	O
up	O
negotiations	O
to	O
give	O
blacks	O
political	O
rights	O
.	O


CONGRESSIONAL	B-ORG
LEADERS	O
BACKED	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
criticism	O
of	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
's	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
.	O


While	O
lawmakers	O
have	O
n't	O
raised	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
renewing	O
military	O
aid	O
to	O
the	O
Contras	B-ORG
following	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
's	O
weekend	B-DATE
threat	O
to	O
end	O
a	O
truce	O
,	O
Senate	B-ORG
Majority	O
Leader	O
Mitchell	B-PERSON
said	O
on	O
NBC	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
that	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
had	O
made	O
``	O
a	O
very	O
unwise	O
move	O
.	O


''	O
Minority	O
Leader	O
Dole	B-PERSON
plans	O
to	O
offer	O
a	O
resolution	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
denouncing	O
the	O
Nicaraguan	B-NORP
president	O
,	O
whose	O
remarks	O
came	O
during	O
a	O
celebration	O
in	O
Costa	B-GPE
Rica	I-GPE
marking	O
regional	O
moves	O
to	O
democracy	O
.	O


Ortega	B-PERSON
cited	O
renewed	O
attacks	O
by	O
the	O
U.S.backed	B-GPE
rebels	O
.	O


Lawmakers	O
must	O
decide	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
whether	O
the	O
Contras	B-ORG
will	O
get	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
humanitarian	O
aid	O
under	O
a	O
bipartisan	O
agreement	O
reached	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
.	O


Spain	B-GPE
's	O
Socialist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
claimed	O
victory	O
in	O
nationwide	O
elections	O
,	O
saying	O
it	O
had	O
retained	O
its	O
parliamentary	O
majority	O
by	O
one	B-CARDINAL
seat	O
.	O


With	O
all	O
the	O
votes	O
counted	O
,	O
a	O
government	O
spokesman	O
said	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
's	O
party	O
won	O
176	B-CARDINAL
seats	O
in	O
the	O
350	B-CARDINAL
-	O
seat	O
Cortes	B-ORG
,	O
or	O
lower	O
house	O
of	O
parliament	O
.	O


The	O
Socialists	B-NORP
held	O
184	B-CARDINAL
seats	O
going	O
into	O
the	O
balloting	O
.	O


Thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
East	B-NORP
Germans	I-NORP
attended	O
public	O
rallies	O
organized	O
by	O
the	O
Communist	B-NORP
leadership	O
and	O
demanded	O
free	O
speech	O
,	O
controls	O
on	O
the	O
security	O
forces	O
and	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
official	O
privileges	O
.	O


The	O
gatherings	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
and	O
elsewhere	O
were	O
viewed	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
government	O
effort	O
to	O
stop	O
activists	O
from	O
staging	O
protests	O
to	O
press	O
their	O
demands	O
.	O


Dissidents	O
in	O
Czechoslovakia	B-GPE
said	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
pro-democracy	O
movement	O
was	O
growing	O
despite	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
move	O
to	O
crush	O
a	O
protest	O
Saturday	B-DATE
in	O
Prague	B-GPE
's	O
Wenceslas	B-FAC
Square	I-FAC
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10,000	I-CARDINAL
demonstrators	O
had	O
called	O
for	O
free	O
elections	O
and	O
the	O
resignation	O
of	O
Communist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
leader	O
Milos	B-PERSON
Jakes	I-PERSON
.	O


Police	O
detained	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
350	I-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


Federal	O
investigators	O
have	O
determined	O
a	O
metallurgical	O
flaw	O
that	O
developed	O
during	O
the	O
making	O
of	O
an	O
engine	O
disk	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
July	B-DATE
crash	O
of	O
a	O
United	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
jetliner	O
in	O
Sioux	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
Iowa	B-GPE
,	O
killing	O
112	B-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


Congress	B-ORG
sent	O
to	O
Bush	B-PERSON
an	O
$	B-MONEY
8.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
military	O
construction	O
bill	O
that	O
cuts	O
spending	O
for	O
new	O
installations	O
by	O
16	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
measure	O
also	O
moves	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
450	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
budget	O
to	O
home	O
-	O
state	O
projects	O
from	O
foreign	O
bases	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Soviet	B-NORP
officials	O
are	O
to	O
open	O
a	O
new	O
round	O
of	O
talks	O
today	B-DATE
aimed	O
at	O
reducing	O
chemical	O
-	O
weapons	O
arsenals	O
amid	O
superpower	O
differences	O
over	O
whether	O
to	O
stop	O
making	O
the	O
gases	O
.	O


The	O
talks	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
are	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
since	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
Soviet	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Shevardnadze	B-PERSON
unveiled	O
proposals	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
to	O
scrap	O
existing	O
weapons	O
.	O


Afghan	B-NORP
guerrillas	O
bombarded	O
Kabul	B-GPE
in	O
a	O
weekend	B-DATE
assault	O
that	O
Western	O
diplomats	O
called	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
biggest	O
offensives	O
since	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
completed	O
a	O
troop	O
withdrawal	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
rebels	O
also	O
reportedly	O
tightened	O
a	O
blockade	O
on	O
roads	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
capital	O
,	O
and	O
government	O
forces	O
shelled	O
a	O
guerrilla	O
-	O
held	O
area	O
in	O
western	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
.	O


Lebanon	B-GPE
's	O
Christian	B-NORP
leader	O
convened	O
an	O
emergency	O
meeting	O
of	O
his	O
cabinet	O
after	O
indications	O
that	O
he	O
might	O
dissolve	O
Parliament	B-ORG
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
scuttle	O
an	O
Arab	B-NORP
-	O
sponsored	O
peace	O
plan	O
.	O


Gen.	O
Michel	B-PERSON
Aoun	I-PERSON
rejected	O
the	O
pact	O
because	O
it	O
fails	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
timetable	O
for	O
a	O
Syrian	B-NORP
troop	O
pullout	O
from	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
.	O


Authorities	O
in	O
Hawaii	B-GPE
said	O
the	O
wreckage	O
of	O
a	O
missing	O
commuter	O
plane	O
with	O
20	B-CARDINAL
people	O
aboard	O
was	O
spotted	O
in	O
a	O
remote	O
valley	O
on	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
Molokai	B-LOC
.	O


There	O
was	O
n't	O
any	O
evidence	O
of	O
survivors	O
.	O


The	O
plane	O
failed	O
to	O
reach	O
Molokai	B-LOC
's	O
airport	O
Saturday	B-DATE
while	O
on	O
a	O
flight	O
from	O
the	O
neighboring	O
island	O
of	O
Maui	B-LOC
.	O


The	B-ORG
Oakland	I-ORG
Athletics	I-ORG
won	O
baseball	O
's	O
World	B-EVENT
Series	I-EVENT
,	O
defeating	O
the	B-ORG
San	I-ORG
Francisco	I-ORG
Giants	I-ORG
in	O
a	O
four	B-CARDINAL
-	O
game	O
sweep	O
.	O


An	O
earthquake	O
Oct.	B-DATE
17	I-DATE
in	O
Northern	B-LOC
California	I-LOC
had	O
caused	O
a	O
10	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
delay	O
midway	O
through	O
the	O
championship	O
contest	O
,	O
which	O
ended	O
Saturday	B-DATE
at	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Candlestick	B-FAC
Park	I-FAC
.	O


Died	O
:	O
Rudolf	B-PERSON
von	I-PERSON
Bennigsen	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Foerder	I-PERSON
,	O
63	B-DATE
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
Veba	B-ORG
AG	I-ORG
of	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
,	O
in	O
Duesseldorf	B-GPE
,	O
of	O
pneumonia	O
.	O


When	O
Michael	B-PERSON
S.	I-PERSON
Perry	I-PERSON
took	O
the	O
podium	O
at	O
a	O
recent	O
cosmetics	O
industry	O
event	O
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
500	I-CARDINAL
executives	O
packing	O
the	O
room	O
snapped	O
to	O
attention	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Perry	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
runs	O
Unilever	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
world	O
-	O
wide	O
personal	O
-	O
care	O
business	O
,	O
paused	O
to	O
scan	O
the	O
crowd	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
see	O
we	O
have	O
about	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
the	O
audience	O
working	O
for	O
us	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
tongue	O
in	O
cheek	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
other	O
half	B-CARDINAL
,	O
we	O
may	O
have	O
before	O
long	O
.	O
''	O


Members	O
of	O
the	O
audience	O
gasped	O
or	O
laughed	O
nervously	O
;	O
their	O
industry	O
has	O
been	O
unsettled	O
recently	O
by	O
acquisitions	O
.	O


First	B-ORG
Unilever	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Anglo	B-NORP
-	O
Dutch	O
packaged	O
-	O
goods	O
giant	O
,	O
spent	O
$	B-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
to	O
acquire	O
brands	O
such	O
as	O
Faberge	B-ORG
and	O
Elizabeth	B-ORG
Arden	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
now	O
holds	O
the	O
No.	O
3	B-CARDINAL
position	O
at	O
U.S.	B-GPE
department	O
-	O
store	O
cosmetic	O
counters	O
.	O


Then	O
Procter	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Gamble	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
agreed	O
to	O
buy	O
Noxell	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
for	O
$	B-MONEY
1.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


That	O
acquisition	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
completed	O
by	O
year	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
,	O
will	O
include	O
the	O
Cover	B-PRODUCT
Girl	I-PRODUCT
and	O
Clarion	B-PRODUCT
makeup	O
lines	O
,	O
making	O
P&G	B-ORG
the	O
top	O
marketer	O
of	O
cosmetics	O
in	O
mass	O
-	O
market	O
outlets	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
so	O
much	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
acquisitions	O
that	O
has	O
agitated	O
the	O
cosmetics	O
industry	O
as	O
the	O
companies	O
doing	O
the	O
acquiring	O
:	O
P&G	B-ORG
and	O
Unilever	B-ORG
bring	O
with	O
them	O
great	O
experience	O
with	O
mundane	O
products	O
like	O
soap	O
and	O
toilet	O
paper	O
,	O
sparking	O
disdain	O
in	O
the	O
glitzy	O
cosmetics	O
trade	O
;	O
but	O
they	O
also	O
bring	O
mammoth	O
marketing	O
clout	O
,	O
sparking	O
fear	O
.	O


Though	O
it	O
is	O
far	O
from	O
certain	O
that	O
companies	O
best	O
known	O
for	O
selling	O
Promise	B-PRODUCT
margarine	O
and	O
Tide	B-PRODUCT
detergent	O
will	O
succeed	O
in	O
cosmetics	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
little	O
doubt	O
they	O
will	O
shake	O
up	O
the	O
industry	O
.	O


For	O
now	O
,	O
both	O
companies	O
are	O
keeping	O
quiet	O
about	O
their	O
specific	O
plans	O
.	O


But	O
industry	O
watchers	O
expect	O
them	O
to	O
blend	O
the	O
methodical	O
marketing	O
strategies	O
they	O
use	O
for	O
more	O
mundane	O
products	O
with	O
the	O
more	O
intuitive	O
approach	O
typical	O
of	O
cosmetics	O
companies	O
.	O


Likely	O
changes	O
include	O
more	O
emphasis	O
on	O
research	O
,	O
soaring	O
advertising	O
budgets	O
and	O
aggressive	O
pricing	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
cosmetics	O
-	O
industry	O
executives	O
wonder	O
whether	O
techniques	O
honed	O
in	O
packaged	O
goods	O
will	O
translate	O
to	O
the	O
cosmetics	O
business	O
.	O


Estee	B-ORG
Lauder	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Revlon	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
other	O
cosmetics	O
houses	O
traditionally	O
have	O
considered	O
themselves	O
fashion	O
enterprises	O
whose	O
product	O
development	O
is	O
guided	O
by	O
the	O
creative	O
intuition	O
of	O
their	O
executives	O
.	O


Cosmetics	O
companies	O
roll	O
out	O
new	O
makeup	O
colors	O
several	O
times	O
a	O
year	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
most	O
products	O
can	O
be	O
easily	O
copied	O
by	O
competitors	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
loath	O
to	O
test	O
them	O
with	O
consumers	O
.	O


``	O
Just	O
because	O
upscale	O
cosmetics	O
look	O
like	O
packaged	O
goods	O
and	O
smell	O
like	O
packaged	O
goods	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
mean	O
they	O
are	O
packaged	O
goods	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Leonard	B-PERSON
Lauder	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
executive	O
of	O
Estee	B-ORG
Lauder	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
They	O
're	O
really	O
fashion	O
items	O
wrapped	O
up	O
in	O
little	O
jars	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
more	O
artistic	O
nature	O
of	O
traditional	O
cosmetics	O
houses	O
,	O
Unilever	B-ORG
and	O
P&G	B-ORG
are	O
the	O
habitats	O
of	O
organization	O
men	O
in	O
gray	O
-	O
flannel	O
suits	O
.	O


Both	O
companies	O
are	O
conservative	O
marketers	O
that	O
rely	O
on	O
extensive	O
market	O
research	O
.	O


P&G	B-ORG
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
rarely	O
rolls	O
out	O
a	O
product	O
nationally	O
before	O
extensive	O
test	O
-	O
marketing	O
.	O


Both	O
can	O
be	O
extremely	O
aggressive	O
at	O
pricing	O
such	O
products	O
as	O
soaps	O
and	O
diapers	O
--	O
to	O
the	O
extent	O
that	O
some	O
industry	O
consultants	O
predict	O
cents	O
-	O
off	O
coupons	O
for	O
mascara	O
could	O
result	O
from	O
their	O
entry	O
into	O
the	O
field	O
.	O


P&G	B-ORG
already	O
has	O
shown	O
it	O
can	O
meld	O
some	O
traditional	O
packaged	O
-	O
goods	O
techniques	O
with	O
the	O
image	O
-	O
making	O
of	O
the	O
cosmetics	O
trade	O
in	O
the	O
mass	O
-	O
market	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
.	O


Consider	O
Oil	B-PRODUCT
of	I-PRODUCT
Olay	I-PRODUCT
,	O
which	O
P&G	B-ORG
acquired	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
Richardson	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Vicks	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
in	O
1985	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
moisturizer	O
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
1962	B-DATE
,	O
had	O
a	O
dowdy	O
image	O
.	O


``	O
Oil	B-PRODUCT
of	I-PRODUCT
Olay	I-PRODUCT
brought	O
with	O
it	O
the	O
baggage	O
of	O
being	O
used	O
basically	O
by	O
older	O
women	O
who	O
had	O
already	O
aged	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
David	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
consultant	O
with	O
New	B-ORG
England	I-ORG
Consulting	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
.	O


P&G	B-ORG
set	O
out	O
to	O
reposition	O
the	O
brand	O
by	O
broadening	O
the	O
product	O
line	O
to	O
include	O
facial	O
cleansers	O
and	O
moisturizers	O
for	O
sensitive	O
skin	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
redesigned	O
Oil	B-PRODUCT
of	I-PRODUCT
Olay	I-PRODUCT
's	I-PRODUCT
packaging	O
,	O
stamping	O
the	O
traditional	O
pink	O
boxes	O
with	O
gold	O
lines	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
more	O
opulent	O
look	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
P&G	B-ORG
shifted	O
its	O
ad	O
campaign	O
from	O
one	O
targeting	O
older	O
women	O
to	O
one	O
featuring	O
a	O
woman	O
in	O
her	O
mid-30s	B-DATE
vowing	O
``	O
not	O
to	O
grow	O
old	O
gracefully	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
company	O
says	O
sales	O
have	O
soared	O
.	O


Goliaths	O
like	O
Unilever	B-ORG
and	O
P&G	B-ORG
have	O
enormous	O
financial	O
advantages	O
over	O
smaller	O
rivals	O
.	O


Next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Noxell	B-ORG
plans	O
to	O
roll	O
out	O
a	O
perfume	O
called	O
Navy	B-PRODUCT
,	O
says	O
George	B-PERSON
L.	I-PERSON
Bunting	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
Noxell	B-ORG
.	O


Without	O
P&G	B-ORG
's	O
backing	O
,	O
Noxell	B-ORG
might	O
not	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
spend	O
the	B-MONEY
estimated	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
7	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
needed	O
to	O
accomplish	O
that	O
without	O
scrimping	O
on	O
its	O
existing	O
brands	O
.	O


Packaged	O
-	O
goods	O
companies	O
``	O
will	O
make	O
it	O
tougher	O
for	O
smaller	O
people	O
to	O
remain	O
competitive	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Bunting	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Further	O
consolidations	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
could	O
follow	O
.	O


Rumors	O
that	O
Unilever	B-ORG
is	O
interested	O
in	O
acquiring	O
Schering	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Plough	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Maybelline	B-ORG
unit	O
are	O
widespread	O
.	O


Unilever	B-ORG
wo	O
n't	O
comment	O
;	O
Schering	B-ORG
,	O
however	O
,	O
denies	O
the	O
brand	O
is	O
for	O
sale	O
.	O


The	O
presence	O
of	O
Unilever	B-ORG
and	O
P&G	B-ORG
is	O
likely	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
advertising	O
on	O
cosmetics	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
are	O
among	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
biggest	O
advertisers	O
,	O
most	O
makers	O
of	O
upscale	O
cosmetics	O
spend	O
relatively	O
little	O
on	O
national	O
ads	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
they	O
focus	O
on	O
events	O
in	O
department	O
stores	O
and	O
pour	O
their	O
promotional	O
budgets	O
into	O
gifts	O
that	O
go	O
along	O
with	O
purchases	O
.	O


Estee	B-ORG
Lauder	I-ORG
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
spends	O
only	B-PERCENT
an	I-PERCENT
estimated	I-PERCENT
5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
sales	O
on	O
advertising	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Lauder	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
has	O
no	O
plans	O
to	O
change	O
his	O
strategy	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
dramatic	O
changes	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
probably	O
will	O
come	O
in	O
new	O
-	O
product	O
development	O
.	O


Nearly	B-PERCENT
70	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
cosmetics	O
sales	O
come	O
through	O
mass	O
-	O
distribution	O
outlets	O
such	O
as	O
drug	O
stores	O
and	O
supermarkets	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
Shore	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
analyst	O
at	O
Shearson	B-ORG
Lehman	I-ORG
Hutton	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


That	O
figure	O
has	O
been	O
inching	O
up	O
for	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
the	O
trend	O
continues	O
,	O
demand	O
for	O
mass	O
-	O
market	O
items	O
that	O
are	O
high	O
quality	O
but	O
only	O
mid-priced	O
--	O
particularly	O
skin	O
-	O
care	O
products	O
--	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
increase	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
fall	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
L'Oreal	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
ordinarily	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
end	O
line	O
,	O
rolled	O
out	O
a	O
drug	O
-	O
store	O
line	O
of	O
skin	O
-	O
care	O
products	O
called	O
Plenitude	B-PRODUCT
,	O
which	O
retail	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
15	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
packaged	O
-	O
goods	O
marketers	O
may	O
try	O
filling	O
that	O
gap	O
with	O
a	O
spate	O
of	O
new	O
products	O
.	O


Unlike	O
the	O
old	O
-	O
line	O
cosmetics	O
houses	O
,	O
Unilever	B-ORG
and	O
P&G	B-ORG
both	O
have	O
enormous	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
bases	O
to	O
draw	O
on	O
for	O
new	O
products	O
.	O


P&G	B-ORG
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
is	O
noted	O
for	O
gaining	O
market	O
leadership	O
by	O
introducing	O
products	O
that	O
offer	O
a	O
technical	O
edge	O
over	O
the	O
competition	O
.	O


Sales	O
of	O
its	O
Tide	B-PRODUCT
detergent	O
soared	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
after	O
P&G	B-ORG
introduced	O
a	O
version	O
that	O
includes	O
a	O
bleach	O
safe	O
for	O
all	O
colors	O
and	O
fabrics	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
led	O
industry	O
executives	O
to	O
speculate	O
that	O
future	O
product	O
development	O
will	O
be	O
driven	O
more	O
by	O
technological	O
innovation	O
than	O
by	O
fashion	O
whims	O
--	O
especially	O
among	O
mass	O
-	O
market	O
brands	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
will	O
be	O
more	O
emphasis	O
on	O
quality	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Guy	B-PERSON
Peyrelongue	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
executive	O
of	O
Cosmair	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
licensee	O
of	O
L'Oreal	B-ORG
.	O


``	O
You	O
'll	O
see	O
fewer	O
gimmicks	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
success	O
for	O
Unilever	B-ORG
and	O
P&G	B-ORG
is	O
far	O
from	O
guaranteed	O
,	O
as	O
shown	O
by	O
the	O
many	O
consumer	O
-	O
product	O
companies	O
that	O
have	O
tried	O
and	O
failed	O
to	O
master	O
the	O
quirky	O
beauty	O
business	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
,	O
several	O
pharmaceutical	O
and	O
packaged	O
-	O
goods	O
companies	O
,	O
including	O
Colgate	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Palmolive	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Eli	B-ORG
Lilly	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Pfizer	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
Schering	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Plough	I-ORG
acquired	O
cosmetics	O
companies	O
.	O


Industry	O
consultants	O
say	O
only	O
Schering	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Plough	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
makes	O
the	O
mass	O
-	O
market	O
Maybelline	B-ORG
,	O
has	O
maintained	O
a	O
meaningful	O
business	O
.	O


Colgate	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
acquired	O
Helena	B-ORG
Rubenstein	I-ORG
in	O
1973	B-DATE
,	O
sold	O
the	O
brand	O
seven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
brand	O
languished	O
.	O


Unilever	B-ORG
already	O
has	O
experienced	O
some	O
disappointment	O
.	O


The	O
mass	O
-	O
market	O
Aziza	B-PRODUCT
brand	O
,	O
which	O
it	O
acquired	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
along	O
with	O
Chesebrough	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Pond	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
has	O
lost	O
share	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
industry	O
analysts	O
.	O


The	O
ritzy	O
world	O
of	O
department	O
-	O
store	O
cosmetics	O
retailing	O
,	O
where	O
Unilever	B-ORG
is	O
concentrating	O
its	O
efforts	O
,	O
may	O
prove	O
even	O
more	O
treacherous	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
niche	O
,	O
makeup	O
colors	O
change	O
seasonally	B-DATE
because	O
they	O
are	O
linked	O
to	O
ready	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
wear	O
fashions	O
.	O


Because	O
brand	O
loyalty	O
is	O
weak	O
and	O
most	O
cosmetics	O
purchases	O
are	O
unplanned	O
,	O
careful	O
training	O
of	O
store	O
sales	O
staffs	O
by	O
cosmetics	O
companies	O
is	O
important	O
.	O


And	O
cultivating	O
a	O
luxury	O
image	O
strong	O
enough	O
to	O
persuade	O
consumers	O
to	O
pay	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
15	I-MONEY
for	O
lipstick	O
or	O
eye	O
makeup	O
requires	O
a	O
subtle	O
touch	O
that	O
packaged	O
-	O
goods	O
companies	O
have	O
yet	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
.	O


There	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
truce	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
war	O
of	O
nerves	O
between	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
and	O
Congress	B-ORG
over	O
how	O
this	O
country	O
conducts	O
secret	O
intelligence	O
operations	O
abroad	O
.	O


After	O
years	B-DATE
of	O
mistrust	O
born	O
of	O
Watergate	B-EVENT
,	O
past	O
misdeeds	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
Iran	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Contra	I-EVENT
scandal	O
,	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
appear	O
ready	O
--	O
for	O
now	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
--	O
to	O
trust	O
each	O
other	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
setting	O
policy	O
on	O
covert	O
activities	O
.	O


If	O
that	O
attitude	O
lasts	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
infuse	O
covert	O
action	O
planning	O
with	O
a	O
level	O
of	O
care	O
and	O
confidence	O
that	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
seen	O
in	O
years	B-DATE
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
president	O
has	O
agreed	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
committee	O
informed	O
,	O
usually	O
in	O
advance	O
,	O
of	O
covert	O
actions	O
and	O
to	O
put	O
key	O
intelligence	O
decisions	O
in	O
writing	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
n't	O
always	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
administration	O
handled	O
such	O
matters	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
has	O
pledged	O
as	O
well	O
to	O
respect	O
the	O
14	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
executive	O
order	O
barring	O
U.S.	B-GPE
agents	O
from	O
assassinating	O
foreign	O
leaders	O
or	O
helping	O
others	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
.	O


Congress	B-ORG
never	O
fully	O
trusted	O
former	O
CIA	B-ORG
chief	O
William	B-PERSON
Casey	I-PERSON
and	O
National	O
Security	O
Adviser	O
John	B-PERSON
Poindexter	I-PERSON
to	O
honor	O
the	O
ban	O
.	O


Despite	O
objections	O
by	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
,	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
also	O
has	O
agreed	O
to	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
an	O
inspector	O
general	O
at	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
who	O
would	O
be	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
director	O
.	O


In	O
return	O
,	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
panel	O
has	O
dropped	O
efforts	O
to	O
enact	O
legislation	O
requiring	O
the	O
administration	O
to	O
inform	O
it	O
within	O
48	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
the	O
launching	O
of	O
any	O
covert	O
activity	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
has	O
removed	O
a	O
ban	O
on	O
CIA	B-ORG
use	O
of	O
a	O
contingency	O
fund	O
for	O
covert	O
acts	O
and	O
has	O
agreed	O
to	O
wipe	O
away	O
some	O
tortured	O
and	O
legalistic	O
restrictions	O
on	O
coup	O
planning	O
put	O
in	O
place	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
did	O
n't	O
get	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
assassination	O
game	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
've	O
finally	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
convince	O
them	O
that	O
Casey	B-PERSON
and	O
-LCB-	B-PERSON
Oliver	I-PERSON
-RCB-	I-PERSON
North	I-PERSON
do	O
n't	O
work	O
here	O
anymore	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
administration	O
official	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
understanding	O
did	O
n't	O
just	O
spring	O
to	O
life	O
in	O
a	O
spontaneous	O
eruption	O
of	O
sweetness	O
and	O
light	O
.	O


It	O
emerged	O
after	O
a	O
rancorous	O
display	O
of	O
old	O
-	O
style	O
intelligence	O
politics	O
that	O
followed	O
this	O
month	B-DATE
's	O
failed	O
coup	O
attempt	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
used	O
television	O
appearances	O
and	O
leaks	O
to	O
argue	O
that	O
congressionally	O
imposed	O
restrictions	O
on	O
covert	O
actions	O
made	O
U.S.	B-GPE
support	O
for	O
such	O
coups	O
difficult	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
even	O
disclosed	O
privately	O
that	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Reagan	B-PERSON
-	O
era	O
deal	O
with	O
Congress	B-ORG
required	O
him	O
to	O
notify	O
the	O
odious	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
dictator	O
,	O
Manuel	B-PERSON
Noriega	I-PERSON
,	O
if	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
learned	O
of	O
a	O
coup	O
plot	O
that	O
might	O
endanger	O
his	O
life	O
.	O


The	O
president	O
also	O
hinted	O
he	O
might	O
veto	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
intelligence	O
authorization	O
bill	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
too	O
restrictive	O
.	O


Intelligence	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
Chairman	O
David	B-PERSON
Boren	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Okla	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
and	O
Vice	O
Chairman	O
William	B-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
R.	B-NORP
,	O
Maine	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
for	O
their	O
part	O
,	O
angrily	O
accused	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
of	O
selectively	O
leaking	O
classified	O
documents	O
and	O
trying	O
unfairly	O
to	O
shift	O
the	O
blame	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
for	O
the	O
bungled	O
attempt	O
to	O
topple	O
Gen.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
got	O
the	O
better	O
of	O
the	O
exchange	O
but	O
took	O
care	O
not	O
to	O
press	O
its	O
advantage	O
to	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
constitutional	O
confrontation	O
sought	O
by	O
conservative	O
Republicans	B-NORP
who	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
any	O
congressional	O
oversight	O
of	O
intelligence	O
activities	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
aides	O
made	O
it	O
clear	O
they	O
respected	O
Congress	B-ORG
's	O
role	O
and	O
felt	O
they	O
could	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
conservative	O
Mr.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
moderate	O
Mr.	O
Cohen	B-PERSON
to	O
iron	O
out	O
their	O
differences	O
.	O


The	O
senators	O
responded	O
in	O
kind	O
.	O


Sen.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
happily	O
told	O
reporters	O
that	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
``	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
minds	O
''	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
committee	O
had	O
given	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
``	O
a	O
clean	O
slate	O
,	O
''	O
free	O
of	O
the	O
impediments	O
imposed	O
during	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
years	B-DATE
.	O


Sen.	O
Cohen	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
relationship	O
has	O
reverted	O
to	O
its	O
pre-Reagan	B-PERSON
character	O
.	O


There	O
still	O
are	O
some	O
details	O
to	O
be	O
nailed	O
down	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
reserving	O
the	O
right	O
in	O
``	O
rare	O
''	O
instances	O
to	O
keep	O
Congress	B-ORG
in	O
the	O
dark	O
,	O
asserting	O
a	O
constitutional	O
prerogative	O
the	O
committee	O
does	O
n't	O
recognize	O
.	O


And	O
a	O
pending	O
Justice	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
interpretation	O
of	O
the	O
assassination	O
ban	O
could	O
raise	O
questions	O
that	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
settled	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
both	O
sides	O
may	O
face	O
political	O
critics	O
.	O


Some	O
conservatives	B-NORP
will	O
accuse	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
promising	O
Congress	B-ORG
too	O
much	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
continue	O
anonymously	O
attacking	O
CIA	B-ORG
Director	O
William	B-PERSON
Webster	I-PERSON
for	O
being	O
too	O
accommodating	O
to	O
the	O
committee	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
some	O
congressional	O
liberals	O
will	O
accuse	O
Sens.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
and	O
Cohen	B-PERSON
of	O
wimping	O
out	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
warn	O
that	O
the	O
lawmakers	O
'	O
concessions	O
raise	O
the	O
specter	O
of	O
more	O
internationally	O
embarrassing	O
covert	O
operations	O
like	O
the	O
mining	O
of	O
Nicaraguan	B-NORP
harbors	O
and	O
the	O
Iran	B-GPE
arms	O
sales	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
the	O
cooperative	O
attitude	O
holds	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
greater	O
consultation	O
on	O
covert	O
activities	O
,	O
the	O
country	O
could	O
be	O
entering	O
an	B-DATE
era	I-DATE
when	O
such	O
hare	O
-	O
brained	O
schemes	O
are	O
scrapped	O
before	O
they	O
get	O
off	O
the	O
drawing	O
boards	O
,	O
while	O
risky	O
but	O
well	O
-	O
planned	O
secret	O
operations	O
can	O
be	O
undertaken	O
without	O
fear	O
that	O
a	O
panicky	O
Congress	B-ORG
will	O
balk	O
.	O


Several	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
own	O
listed	O
companies	O
,	O
led	O
by	O
giant	O
Contel	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
are	O
joining	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
to	O
complain	O
about	O
program	O
trading	O
and	O
the	O
exchange	O
's	O
role	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


Claiming	O
program	O
trading	O
has	O
turned	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
into	O
a	O
``	O
gambling	O
casino	O
,	O
''	O
Contel	B-ORG
Chairman	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Wohlstetter	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
he	O
and	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
other	O
corporate	O
executives	O
are	O
forming	O
an	O
unprecedented	O
alliance	O
.	O


The	O
group	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Wohlstetter	B-PERSON
said	O
in	O
an	O
interview	O
,	O
wants	O
to	O
end	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
wild	O
price	O
swings	O
that	O
critics	O
blame	O
on	O
computer	O
-	O
aided	O
program	O
-	O
trading	O
strategies	O
.	O


The	O
group	O
will	O
complain	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
the	O
heads	O
of	O
program	O
-	O
trading	O
firms	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
heads	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
itself	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
should	O
call	O
-LCB-	O
the	O
exchange	O
-RCB-	O
Trump	B-ORG
East	I-ORG
,	O
''	O
charged	O
Mr.	O
Wohlstetter	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
79	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
founder	O
of	O
Contel	B-ORG
who	O
's	O
also	O
a	O
former	O
investment	O
banker	O
and	O
stock	O
trader	O
.	O


``	O
What	O
is	O
the	O
mission	O
of	O
the	O
financial	O
community	O
--	O


to	O
help	O
some	O
scavengers	O
or	O
schemers	O
,	O
or	O
help	O
corporate	O
America	B-GPE
?	O
''	O


Contel	B-ORG
is	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
telephone	O
and	O
electronics	O
company	O
.	O


Pressure	O
has	O
been	O
building	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
to	O
do	O
something	O
about	O
market	O
volatility	O
,	O
which	O
many	O
investors	O
say	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
program	O
trading	O
.	O


The	O
market	O
's	O
Friday	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
13th	I-DATE
plunge	O
of	O
190	B-CARDINAL
points	O
in	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
understated	O
response	O
to	O
it	O
,	O
galvanized	O
some	O
longstanding	O
dissatisfaction	O
among	O
companies	O
listed	O
on	O
the	O
exchange	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
program	O
trading	O
accounted	O
for	O
a	B-PERCENT
record	I-PERCENT
13.8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
average	O
daily	B-DATE
Big	B-ORG
Board	I-ORG
volume	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Wohlstetter	B-PERSON
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
said	O
he	O
wrote	O
to	O
Big	B-ORG
Board	I-ORG
Chairman	O
John	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Phelan	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
about	O
program	O
trading	O
after	O
the	O
190	B-CARDINAL
-	O
point	O
Dow	B-ORG
plunge	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
in	O
previous	O
queries	O
,	O
``	O
what	O
I	O
get	O
back	O
is	O
gobbledygook	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
said	O
he	O
's	O
upset	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Phelan	B-PERSON
,	O
trying	O
to	O
calm	O
investors	O
after	O
the	O
plunge	O
,	O
said	O
that	O
investors	O
would	O
simply	O
have	O
to	O
get	O
used	O
to	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
big	O
price	O
swings	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
``	O
is	O
partly	O
to	O
blame	O
-LCB-	O
for	O
the	O
price	O
swings	O
-RCB-	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
're	O
cowards	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Wohlstetter	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
Their	O
powerful	O
members	O
manage	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
outcry	O
has	O
been	O
stock	O
-	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
,	O
which	O
accounts	O
for	O
about	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
the	O
program	O
trading	O
that	O
goes	O
on	O
.	O


Index	O
arbitragers	O
argue	O
that	O
their	O
trading	O
is	O
healthy	O
because	O
it	O
links	O
markets	O
,	O
but	O
critics	O
say	O
such	O
trading	O
accelerates	O
market	O
movements	O
and	O
increases	O
the	O
chance	O
for	O
a	O
crash	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
has	O
refused	O
to	O
be	O
drawn	O
into	O
a	O
public	O
debate	O
about	O
program	O
trading	O
.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
Grasso	I-PERSON
,	O
Big	B-ORG
Board	I-ORG
president	O
,	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
said	O
only	O
that	O
the	O
exchange	O
is	O
concerned	O
about	O
all	O
its	O
constituents	O
.	O


Privately	O
,	O
exchange	O
officials	O
worry	O
that	O
without	O
a	O
hospitable	O
system	O
for	O
program	O
trading	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
,	O
billions	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
trading	O
will	O
simply	O
migrate	O
to	O
overseas	O
exchanges	O
such	O
as	O
London	B-GPE
's	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
partly	O
for	O
this	O
reason	O
that	O
the	O
exchange	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
began	O
trading	O
in	O
its	O
own	O
stock	O
``	O
basket	O
''	O
product	O
that	O
allows	O
big	O
investors	O
to	O
buy	O
or	O
sell	O
all	O
500	B-CARDINAL
stocks	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Standard	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Poor	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
index	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
trade	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
intended	O
customer	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
basket	O
product	O
is	O
index	O
arbitragers	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
exchange	O
.	O


Investors	O
have	O
complained	O
for	O
some	O
time	O
about	O
program	O
trading	O
,	O
particularly	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
,	O
to	O
little	O
avail	O
.	O


But	O
according	O
to	O
some	O
Big	B-ORG
Board	I-ORG
traders	O
,	O
an	O
organized	O
campaign	O
from	O
exchange	O
-	O
listed	O
companies	O
might	O
make	O
the	O
exchange	O
finally	O
consider	O
big	O
changes	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
wo	O
n't	O
fight	O
the	O
listed	O
companies	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
assault	O
is	O
on	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
one	B-CARDINAL
top	O
trader	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
ca	O
n't	O
ban	O
stock	O
-	O
index	O
futures	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
could	O
ban	O
use	O
of	O
its	O
high	O
-	O
speed	O
electronic	O
trading	O
system	O
for	O
program	O
trading	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
encourage	O
securities	O
firms	O
to	O
back	O
off	O
.	O


The	O
exchange	O
put	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
a	O
damper	O
on	O
program	O
trading	O
when	O
,	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
simply	O
started	O
to	O
publish	O
monthly	B-DATE
statistics	O
of	O
each	O
firm	O
's	O
program	O
-	O
trading	O
volume	O
.	O


Contel	B-ORG
's	O
Mr.	O
Wohlstetter	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
Big	B-ORG
Board	I-ORG
companies	O
is	O
n't	O
ready	O
to	O
go	O
public	O
yet	O
with	O
its	O
effort	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
plan	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
leader	O
once	O
it	O
is	O
public	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
he	O
planned	O
to	O
spend	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
making	O
calls	O
to	O
gather	O
additional	O
support	O
.	O


Among	O
those	O
Mr.	O
Wohlstetter	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
has	O
been	O
talking	O
to	O
are	O
Sanford	B-PERSON
Weill	I-PERSON
of	O
Primerica	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
parent	O
of	O
Smith	B-ORG
Barney	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Harris	I-ORG
Upham	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
;	O
GTE	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
James	B-PERSON
Johnson	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
ITT	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Rand	B-PERSON
Araskog	I-PERSON
.	O


None	O
of	O
these	O
chief	O
executives	O
were	O
available	O
for	O
comment	O
.	O


Among	O
the	O
targets	O
of	O
the	O
Big	B-ORG
Board	I-ORG
companies	O
'	O
campaign	O
will	O
be	O
some	O
corporate	O
pension	O
funds	O
that	O
use	O
program	O
-	O
trading	O
strategies	O
to	O
maximize	O
returns	O
on	O
their	O
investments	O
.	O


For	O
Contel	B-ORG
's	O
part	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
a	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
informed	O
each	O
of	O
its	O
money	O
managers	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
drop	O
them	O
if	O
they	O
give	O
business	O
to	O
program	O
-	O
trading	O
firms	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
just	O
those	O
kinds	O
of	O
ultimatums	O
that	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
succeeded	O
in	O
turning	O
up	O
the	O
heat	O
in	O
the	O
debate	O
.	O


Kemper	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Kemper	B-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
unit	O
said	O
it	O
cut	O
off	O
Bear	B-ORG
Stearns	I-ORG
,	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
,	O
Oppenheimer	B-ORG
and	O
General	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Kidder	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Peabody	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
unit	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
the	O
firms	O
except	O
Kidder	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
-	O
biggest	O
program	O
trader	O
on	O
Wall	O
Street	O
,	O
quickly	O
announced	O
pull	O
-	O
backs	O
from	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
.	O


Kidder	B-ORG
officials	O
stand	O
by	O
their	O
aggressive	O
use	O
of	O
program	O
trading	O
.	O


Chief	O
Executive	O
Officer	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Carpenter	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
despite	O
the	O
outcry	O
even	O
by	O
some	O
of	O
Kidder	B-ORG
's	O
own	O
brokers	O
,	O
he	O
believes	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
``	O
negative	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
.	O


''	O
However	O
,	O
pressure	O
on	O
Kidder	B-ORG
's	O
parent	O
,	O
GE	B-ORG
,	O
could	O
change	O
Kidder	B-ORG
's	O
policy	O
.	O


GE	B-ORG
Chairman	O
John	B-PERSON
Welch	I-PERSON
has	O
been	O
``	O
besieged	O
with	O
phone	O
calls	O
''	O
complaining	O
about	O
his	O
unit	O
's	O
program	O
trading	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
person	O
close	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


Margaret	B-PERSON
Thatcher	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
instinctive	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
latest	O
upheaval	O
in	O
her	O
government	O
is	O
to	O
promise	O
business	O
as	O
usual	O
.	O


That	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
last	O
thing	O
she	O
needs	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
air	O
clears	O
from	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
storm	O
of	O
resignations	O
and	O
reshufflings	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
faces	O
a	O
daunting	O
job	O
of	O
rebuilding	O
confidence	O
in	O
its	O
policies	O
.	O


The	O
prime	O
minister	O
and	O
her	O
new	O
chancellor	O
of	O
the	O
exchequer	O
,	O
the	O
untested	O
John	B-PERSON
Major	I-PERSON
,	O
need	O
to	O
haul	O
the	O
country	O
through	O
something	O
like	O
a	O
recession	O
to	O
bring	O
down	O
inflation	O
and	O
set	O
the	O
economy	O
moving	O
again	O
.	O


Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
has	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
terms	O
with	O
European	B-NORP
economic	O
integration	O
,	O
beginning	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Monetary	I-ORG
System	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
Britain	B-GPE
is	O
committed	O
to	O
joining	O
fully	O
someday	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
has	O
to	O
convince	O
a	O
rattled	O
financial	O
community	O
--	O
and	O
voters	O
--	O
it	O
is	O
proceeding	O
coherently	O
toward	O
its	O
goals	O
.	O


It	O
sounds	O
like	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
deadline	O
is	O
late	B-DATE
1991	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
is	O
expected	O
to	O
call	O
another	O
national	O
election	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
worrying	O
her	O
supporters	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
economic	O
cycle	O
may	O
be	O
out	O
of	O
kilter	O
with	O
the	O
political	O
timetable	O
.	O


She	O
could	O
end	O
up	O
seeking	O
a	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
term	O
in	O
an	O
economy	O
sick	O
with	O
inflation	O
,	O
high	O
interest	O
rates	O
and	O
a	O
heavy	O
trade	O
deficit	O
.	O


Though	O
Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
has	O
pulled	O
through	O
other	O
crises	O
,	O
supporters	O
wonder	O
if	O
her	O
steely	O
,	O
autocratic	O
ways	O
are	O
the	O
right	O
formula	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
There	O
's	O
a	O
rising	O
fear	O
that	O
perhaps	O
Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
's	O
style	O
of	O
management	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
political	O
liability	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Martin	I-PERSON
,	O
senior	O
economist	O
at	O
London	B-GPE
brokers	O
UBS	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Phillips	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Drew	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
prime	O
minister	O
's	O
insistence	O
on	O
keeping	O
a	O
private	O
coterie	O
of	O
advisers	O
--	O
including	O
an	O
economic	O
guru	O
who	O
openly	O
criticized	O
former	O
Chancellor	O
of	O
the	O
Exchequer	O
Nigel	B-PERSON
Lawson	I-PERSON
--	O
confused	O
the	O
financial	O
community	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
strategy	O
of	O
playing	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
experts	O
off	O
each	O
other	O
blew	O
up	O
:	O
Mr.	O
Lawson	B-PERSON
quit	O
in	O
exasperation	O
and	O
Sir	O
Alan	B-PERSON
Walters	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
adviser	O
,	O
announced	O
his	O
resignation	O
within	O
an	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
confusion	O
could	O
be	O
costly	O
.	O


Currency	O
traders	O
,	O
suspecting	O
Mr.	O
Major	B-PERSON
wo	O
n't	O
defend	O
the	O
pound	O
strenuously	O
,	O
sent	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
currency	O
sharply	O
lower	O
Friday	B-DATE
against	O
the	O
dollar	O
and	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
mark	O
.	O


Analysts	O
expect	O
further	O
jitters	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
continuing	O
slide	O
in	O
the	O
pound	O
could	O
force	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
push	O
through	O
another	O
rise	O
in	O
the	O
base	O
rate	O
,	O
currently	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


That	O
could	O
shove	O
a	O
weak	O
economy	O
into	O
recession	O
.	O


Economists	O
have	O
been	O
anticipating	O
a	O
slump	O
for	O
months	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
they	O
now	O
say	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
deeper	O
and	O
longer	O
than	O
they	O
had	O
thought	O
.	O


Britain	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
``	O
is	O
developing	O
rapidly	O
toward	O
no	O
-	O
growth	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
J.	B-PERSON
Paul	I-PERSON
Horne	I-PERSON
,	O
international	O
economist	O
with	O
Smith	B-ORG
Barney	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Harris	I-ORG
Upham	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
mild	O
slowdown	O
probably	O
would	O
have	O
run	O
its	O
course	O
by	O
early	B-DATE
1991	I-DATE
,	O
economists	O
say	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
grueling	O
downturn	O
now	O
expected	O
could	O
stretch	O
into	O
1992	B-DATE
.	O


Recovery	O
could	O
be	O
hampered	O
if	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
major	O
trading	O
partners	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
which	O
are	O
enjoying	O
robust	O
economic	O
activity	O
,	O
cool	O
off	O
as	O
expected	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
1990	I-DATE
and	O
1991	B-DATE
.	O


That	O
would	O
leave	O
Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
little	O
room	O
for	O
maneuver	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
Tories	B-NORP
to	O
win	O
the	O
next	O
election	O
,	O
voters	O
will	O
need	O
to	O
sense	O
economic	O
improvement	O
for	O
about	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
beforehand	O
.	O


Though	O
Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
call	O
an	O
election	O
until	O
June	B-DATE
1992	I-DATE
,	O
she	O
would	O
prefer	O
doing	O
so	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
1991	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
If	O
the	O
economy	O
shows	O
no	O
sign	O
of	O
turning	O
around	O
in	O
about	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
time	O
,	O
she	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
vulnerable	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
John	B-PERSON
Barnes	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
lecturer	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
London	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Economics	I-ORG
.	O


There	O
's	O
an	O
equally	O
pressing	O
deadline	O
for	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
define	O
its	O
monetary	O
and	O
economic	O
ties	O
to	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
has	O
sent	O
mixed	O
signals	O
about	O
its	O
willingness	O
to	O
take	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
exchange	O
-	O
rate	O
mechanism	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Monetary	I-ORG
System	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
links	O
the	O
major	O
EC	B-ORG
currencies	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
June	B-DATE
EC	B-ORG
summit	O
,	O
Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
appeared	O
to	O
ease	O
her	O
opposition	O
to	O
full	O
EMS	B-ORG
membership	O
,	O
saying	O
Britain	B-GPE
would	O
join	O
once	O
its	O
inflation	O
rate	O
fell	O
and	O
the	O
EC	B-ORG
liberalized	O
capital	O
movements	O
.	O


Since	O
then	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
has	O
left	O
observers	O
wondering	O
if	O
it	O
ever	O
meant	O
to	O
join	O
.	O


Sir	O
Alan	B-PERSON
assailed	O
the	O
monetary	O
arrangement	O
as	O
``	O
half	O
-	O
baked	O
''	O
in	O
an	O
article	O
being	O
published	O
in	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
economics	O
journal	O
.	O


That	O
produced	O
little	O
reaction	O
from	O
his	O
boss	O
,	O
reinforcing	O
speculation	O
the	O
government	O
would	O
use	O
its	O
two	B-CARDINAL
conditions	O
as	O
a	O
pretext	O
for	O
avoiding	O
full	O
EMS	B-ORG
membership	O
.	O


Despite	O
the	O
departure	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Lawson	B-PERSON
and	O
Sir	O
Alan	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
tug	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
war	O
over	O
the	O
EMS	B-ORG
could	O
continue	O
.	O


Sir	O
Geoffrey	B-PERSON
Howe	I-PERSON
,	O
deputy	O
prime	O
minister	O
and	O
a	O
Lawson	B-PERSON
ally	O
on	O
the	O
EMS	B-ORG
,	O
has	O
signaled	O
he	O
will	O
continue	O
pressing	O
for	O
early	O
membership	O
.	O


Of	O
immediate	O
concern	O
is	O
whether	O
the	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
government	O
will	O
continue	O
Mr.	O
Lawson	B-PERSON
's	O
policy	O
of	O
tracking	O
the	O
monetary	O
policies	O
of	O
the	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
Bundesbank	B-ORG
and	O
responding	O
in	O
kind	O
when	O
the	O
Frankfurt	B-GPE
authorities	O
move	O
interest	O
rates	O
.	O


Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
``	O
does	O
n't	O
like	O
taking	O
orders	O
from	O
foreigners	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Tim	B-PERSON
Congdon	I-PERSON
,	O
economist	O
with	O
Gerrard	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
.	O


As	O
Conservatives	B-NORP
rally	O
around	O
Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
during	O
the	O
crisis	O
,	O
many	O
harbor	O
hopes	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
debacle	O
will	O
prompt	O
change	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
wo	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
more	O
of	O
this	O
wayward	O
behavior	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Sir	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Hordern	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
backbench	O
Tory	B-NORP
member	O
of	O
Parliament	B-ORG
.	O


``	O
The	O
party	O
is	O
fed	O
up	O
with	O
sackings	O
of	O
good	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


It	O
's	O
an	O
unrealistic	O
expectation	O
.	O


As	O
long	O
as	O
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
declared	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
debate	O
in	O
her	O
cabinet	O
;	O
she	O
wanted	O
strong	O
government	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
,	O
she	O
said	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
intend	O
to	O
change	O
her	O
style	O
and	O
denied	O
she	O
is	O
authoritarian	O
.	O


``	O
Nonsense	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
told	O
an	O
interviewer	O
yesterday	B-DATE
on	O
London	B-ORG
Weekend	I-ORG
Television	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
I	O
am	O
staying	O
my	O
own	O
sweet	O
,	O
reasonable	O
self	O
.	O


Wives	O
May	O
Not	O
Benefit	O
When	O
Men	O
Do	O
Chores	O


WHEN	O
HUSBANDS	O
take	O
on	O
more	O
housework	O
,	O
they	O
tend	O
to	O
substitute	O
for	O
chores	O
done	O
by	O
the	O
kids	O
rather	O
than	O
by	O
the	O
wife	O
.	O


Rand	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
researchers	O
Linda	B-PERSON
Waite	I-PERSON
and	O
Frances	B-PERSON
Goldscheider	I-PERSON
analyzed	O
a	O
large	O
sample	O
of	O
married	O
women	O
with	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
child	O
at	O
home	O
between	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
ages	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
18	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
women	O
indicated	O
which	O
family	O
member	O
usually	O
did	O
various	O
household	O
chores	O
and	O
the	O
approximate	O
share	O
each	O
did	O
.	O


Not	O
unexpectedly	O
,	O
wives	O
,	O
whether	O
working	O
or	O
non-working	O
,	O
did	O
by	O
far	O
the	O
most	O
--	O
about	B-PERCENT
80	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
shopping	O
,	O
laundry	O
and	O
cooking	O
,	O
and	O
about	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
of	O
housecleaning	O
,	O
washing	O
dishes	O
,	O
child	O
care	O
and	O
family	O
paper	O
work	O
.	O


Only	O
for	O
yardwork	O
and	O
home	O
maintenance	O
did	O
women	O
do	O
less	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
.	O


But	O
the	O
researchers	O
found	O
that	O
while	O
children	O
's	O
household	O
tasks	O
eased	O
the	O
mother	O
's	O
burden	O
appreciably	O
,	O
the	O
husband	O
's	O
helping	O
hand	O
``	O
appears	O
to	O
lighten	O
the	O
children	O
's	O
load	O
almost	O
on	O
a	O
one	O
-	O
for	O
-	O
one	B-CARDINAL
basis	O
and	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
wife	O
's	O
responsibility	O
only	O
modestly	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
pattern	O
was	O
particularly	O
evident	O
among	O
more	O
highly	O
educated	O
couples	O
.	O


In	O
these	O
families	O
,	O
husbands	O
took	O
on	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
more	O
chores	O
than	O
in	O
couples	O
with	O
only	O
grammar	O
school	O
education	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
kids	O
with	O
highly	O
educated	O
parents	O
did	O
68	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
less	O
housework	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
less	O
-	O
educated	O
families	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
is	O
clear	O
,	O
''	O
Ms.	O
Waite	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
``	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
increasing	O
education	O
has	O
been	O
to	O
shift	O
who	O
is	O
helping	O
the	O
wife	O
/	O
mother	O
.	O


Her	O
share	O
decreases	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
slightly	O
.	O
''	O


Nursing	O
Home	O
Patients	O
Apt	O
to	O
Be	O
Private	O
Payers	O


FAR	O
FEWER	O
elderly	O
nursing	O
home	O
residents	O
bankrupt	O
themselves	O
than	O
was	O
previously	O
believed	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
recent	O
studies	O
declare	O
.	O


State	O
governments	O
place	O
very	O
low	O
ceilings	O
on	O
how	O
much	O
property	O
people	O
may	O
own	O
or	O
how	O
much	O
income	O
they	O
may	O
keep	O
if	O
they	O
want	O
welfare	O
help	O
on	O
medical	O
bills	O
.	O


Conventional	O
wisdom	O
has	O
long	O
held	O
that	O
anywhere	B-CARDINAL
from	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
fourth	I-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
all	O
elderly	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
care	O
patients	O
are	O
obliged	O
to	O
spend	O
themselves	O
into	O
poverty	O
before	O
qualifying	O
for	O
Medicaid	B-ORG
assistance	O
.	O


But	O
separate	O
reports	O
from	O
Joshua	B-PERSON
Weiner	I-PERSON
and	O
Denise	B-PERSON
Spence	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Brookings	I-ORG
Institution	I-ORG
and	O
Korbin	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Urban	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
find	O
that	O
``	O
a	O
surprisingly	O
small	O
proportion	O
''	O
--	O
only	B-PERCENT
about	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
--	O
of	O
residents	O
start	O
out	O
as	O
private	O
payers	O
but	O
``	O
spend	O
down	O
''	O
to	O
Medicaid	B-ORG
levels	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
nursing	O
home	O
stay	O
before	O
they	O
die	O
or	O
are	O
discharged	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Another	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
are	O
already	O
on	O
Medicaid	B-ORG
when	O
they	O
enter	O
the	O
nursing	O
homes	O
,	O
a	O
considerably	O
higher	O
proportion	O
than	O
the	O
analysts	O
anticipated	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


But	O
a	O
remarkably	O
high	O
percentage	O
--	O
over	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
--	O
are	O
private	O
payers	O
throughout	O
their	O
stay	O
,	O
even	O
a	O
fairly	O
lengthy	O
one	O
.	O


About	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
pay	O
out	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
pockets	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
rest	O
are	O
covered	O
throughout	O
by	O
Medicare	B-ORG
,	O
private	O
insurers	O
or	O
the	B-ORG
Veterans	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
.	O


Both	O
reports	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
several	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
patients	O
sampled	O
in	O
a	O
1985	B-DATE
nationwide	O
government	O
survey	O
.	O


The	O
Brookings	B-ORG
and	O
Urban	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
authors	O
caution	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
most	O
nursing	O
home	O
stays	O
are	O
of	O
comparatively	O
short	O
duration	O
,	O
and	O
reaching	O
the	O
Medicaid	B-ORG
level	O
is	O
more	O
likely	O
with	O
an	O
unusually	O
long	O
stay	O
or	O
repeated	O
stays	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
they	O
note	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
manage	O
to	O
pay	O
their	O
own	O
way	O
often	O
do	O
so	O
only	O
by	O
selling	O
their	O
homes	O
,	O
using	O
up	O
life	O
savings	O
or	O
drawing	O
heavily	O
on	O
children	O
and	O
other	O
relatives	O
.	O


Reagan	B-PERSON
Era	O
Young	O
Hold	O
Liberal	O
Views	O


THE	O
REAGAN	B-PERSON
generation	O
young	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
reaching	O
political	O
maturity	O
during	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Reagan	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
presidency	O
--	O
are	O
firmly	O
liberal	O
on	O
race	O
and	O
gender	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
NORC	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
social	O
science	O
research	O
center	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Chicago	I-ORG
.	O


Many	O
political	O
analysts	O
have	O
speculated	O
that	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
years	B-DATE
would	O
produce	O
a	O
staunchly	O
conservative	O
younger	O
generation	O
.	O


NORC	B-ORG
's	O
most	O
recent	O
opinion	O
surveys	O
find	O
the	O
youngest	O
adults	O
indeed	O
somewhat	O
more	O
pro-Reagan	B-PERSON
and	O
pro-Republican	B-NORP
than	O
other	O
adults	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
says	O
chief	O
investigator	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Smith	I-PERSON
,	O
this	O
``	O
does	O
not	O
translate	O
into	O
support	O
for	O
conservatism	O
in	O
general	O
or	O
into	O
conservative	O
positions	O
on	O
feminist	O
and	O
civil	O
rights	O
issues	O
.	O
''	O


Answers	O
to	O
a	O
dozen	B-CARDINAL
questions	O
in	O
the	O
1986	B-DATE
,	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
1988	B-DATE
and	O
1989	B-DATE
national	O
surveys	O
reveal	O
that	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
24	I-DATE
age	I-DATE
bracket	I-DATE
are	O
considerably	O
more	O
liberal	O
on	O
race	O
and	O
gender	O
than	O
were	O
the	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
24	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
olds	I-DATE
in	O
NORC	B-ORG
's	O
polling	O
in	O
the	O
early	B-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
and	O
early	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
.	O


They	O
were	O
also	O
as	O
liberal	O
or	O
more	O
liberal	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
age	O
group	O
in	O
the	O
1986	B-DATE
through	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
surveys	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
66	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
24	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
olds	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
latest	O
surveys	O
favored	O
an	O
``	O
open	O
housing	O
''	O
law	O
prohibiting	O
homeowners	O
from	O
refusing	O
on	O
racial	O
grounds	O
to	O
sell	O
to	O
prospective	O
buyers	O
.	O


That	O
compares	O
with	O
58	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
similar	O
age	O
group	O
in	O
the	O
1980	B-DATE
through	I-DATE
1982	I-DATE
surveys	O
and	O
55	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	O
1972	B-DATE
through	I-DATE
1975	I-DATE
surveys	O
.	O


Asked	O
whether	O
they	O
agreed	O
or	O
disagreed	O
with	O
the	O
claim	O
that	O
men	O
are	O
emotionally	O
better	O
suited	O
to	O
politics	O
than	O
women	O
,	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
generation	O
disagreed	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
under	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
younger	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
in	O
the	O
earlier	O
years	B-DATE
.	O


Odds	O
and	O
Ends	O


SEPARATED	O
and	O
divorced	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
are	O
far	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
smokers	O
than	O
married	O
persons	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Centers	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Disease	I-ORG
Control	I-ORG
discovers	O
...	O
.	O


Graduate	O
students	O
are	O
taking	O
longer	O
than	O
ever	O
to	O
get	O
their	O
doctor	O
of	O
philosophy	O
degrees	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
says	O
.	O


It	O
estimates	O
the	O
time	O
between	O
college	O
graduation	O
and	O
the	O
awarding	O
of	O
a	O
Ph.	O
D.	O
has	O
lengthened	O
by	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
the	O
average	O
gap	O
now	O
ranging	O
from	O
about	B-DATE
7.4	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
physical	O
sciences	O
to	O
16.2	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
education	O
.	O


October	B-DATE
was	O
an	B-DATE
edgy	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
for	O
the	O
practitioners	O
of	O
glasnost	O
,	O
the	O
official	O
Soviet	B-NORP
policy	O
of	O
allowing	O
more	O
candor	O
from	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
media	O
.	O


For	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
superstars	O
of	O
glasnost	O
,	O
Vitaly	B-PERSON
Korotich	I-PERSON
,	O
editor	O
of	O
the	O
trail	O
-	O
blazing	O
weekly	O
Ogonyok	B-ORG
,	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
Oct.	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
was	O
a	B-DATE
somersaulting	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
that	O
turned	O
from	O
tension	O
to	O
elation	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
been	O
summoned	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
Communist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
after	O
he	O
finished	O
his	O
lunch	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Savoy	I-ORG
Hotel	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
unlikely	O
prelude	O
to	O
a	O
bureaucratic	O
brow	O
-	O
beating	O
:	O
Eight	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
-	O
tall	O
Rubenesquely	O
naked	O
ladies	O
float	O
on	O
their	O
canvases	O
toward	O
a	O
ceiling	O
teeming	O
with	O
cherubs	O
,	O
all	O
surrounded	O
by	O
gilt	O
laid	O
on	O
with	O
a	O
pastry	O
chef	O
's	O
trowel	O
and	O
supported	O
by	O
marble	O
corinthian	O
columns	O
whose	O
capitals	O
are	O
fluting	O
fountains	O
of	O
gold	O
.	O


Why	O
had	O
Mr.	O
Korotich	B-PERSON
been	O
called	O
?	O


``	O
I	O
told	O
my	O
driver	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
taking	O
my	O
butt	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
so	O
they	O
can	O
...	O
''	O
whack	O
,	O
whack	O
,	O
whack	O
his	O
hand	O
made	O
vigorous	O
spanking	O
gestures	O
on	O
his	O
left	O
palm	O
.	O
``	O


They	O
feel	O
the	O
need	O
from	O
time	O
to	O
time	O
to	O
`	O
educate	O
'	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
indeed	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
later	O
reported	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
the	O
import	O
of	O
the	O
meeting	O
.	O


Anxious	O
allies	O
of	O
President	O
Mikhail	B-PERSON
Gorbachev	I-PERSON
are	O
cautioning	O
media	O
leaders	O
to	O
take	O
it	O
easy	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
careful	O
not	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
's	O
opponents	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
is	O
nervous	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Korotich	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
present	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
's	O
publicized	O
tongue	O
-	O
lashing	O
of	O
the	O
press	O
on	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
was	O
more	O
of	O
a	O
plea	O
:	O
``	O
Be	O
careful	O
boys	O
;	O
use	O
good	O
judgment	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
standing	O
in	O
gasoline	O
,	O
so	O
do	O
n't	O
smoke	O
!	O
''	O


U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
northern	O
European	B-NORP
diplomats	O
confirm	O
Mr.	O
Korotich	B-PERSON
's	O
assessment	O
that	O
glasnost	O
is	O
in	O
no	O
immediate	O
danger	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
a	O
very	O
high	O
-	O
ranking	O
Soviet	B-NORP
official	O
told	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
official	O
at	O
a	O
diplomatic	O
dinner	O
that	O
no	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
policy	O
was	O
contemplated	O
.	O


The	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
after	O
that	O
conversation	O
at	O
the	O
residence	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
ambassador	O
,	O
the	O
Brezhnevite	O
editor	O
of	O
Pravda	B-ORG
,	O
Victor	B-PERSON
Afnasjev	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
a	O
college	O
classmate	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
's	O
.	O


Brezhnevite	O
holdovers	O
have	O
more	O
to	O
fear	O
from	O
Mr.	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
than	O
the	O
verbal	O
spanking	O
he	O
gave	O
to	O
the	O
press	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
very	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
which	O
Mr.	O
Korotich	B-PERSON
was	O
called	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
Ogonyok	B-ORG
was	O
again	O
demonstrating	O
its	O
independence	O
by	O
printing	O
a	O
poll	O
that	O
showed	O
that	O
35	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
population	O
,	O
a	O
plurality	O
,	O
believed	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
's	O
economic	O
reforms	O
,	O
perestroika	O
,	O
would	O
result	O
in	O
only	O
insignificant	O
change	O
.	O


A	O
good	O
measurement	O
of	O
the	O
popularity	O
of	O
ice	O
-	O
breaker	O
journals	O
like	O
Ogonyok	B-ORG
is	O
circulation	O
.	O


When	O
Mr.	O
Korotich	B-PERSON
took	O
it	O
over	O
in	O
1986	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
sold	O
250,000	B-CARDINAL
copies	O
;	O
today	B-DATE
it	O
sells	O
3.4	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Pravda	B-ORG
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
has	O
retained	O
only	B-PERCENT
57	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
1986	B-DATE
readership	O
.	O


Glasnost	O
has	O
made	O
celebrities	O
of	O
men	O
like	O
Mr.	O
Korotich	B-PERSON
.	O


Prevented	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
from	O
getting	O
on	O
its	O
slate	O
of	O
nominees	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Soviet	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
stood	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
candidate	O
for	O
Congress	B-ORG
from	O
his	O
native	O
Ukraine	B-GPE
and	O
won	O
with	O
84	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
vote	O
.	O


The	B-TIME
same	I-TIME
evening	I-TIME
that	O
he	O
was	O
summoned	O
for	O
a	O
warning	O
from	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
,	O
he	O
was	O
cheered	O
by	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
supporters	O
at	O
a	O
rally	O
of	O
what	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
called	O
the	O
Korotich	B-PERSON
party	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
astounding	O
as	O
the	O
changes	O
that	O
have	O
already	O
occurred	O
are	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
fragility	O
to	O
glasnost	O
.	O


Censorship	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
Marxist	B-NORP
invention	O
.	O


The	O
czars	O
were	O
no	O
civil	O
libertarians	O
.	O


As	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
as	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
1890s	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
prevented	O
any	O
coverage	O
of	O
famines	O
.	O


It	O
even	O
directed	O
newspapers	O
not	O
to	O
publish	O
anything	O
that	O
might	O
stain	O
the	O
honor	O
of	O
the	O
Turkish	B-NORP
sultan	O
's	O
wives	O
.	O


So	O
glasnost	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
value	O
woven	O
with	O
steel	O
threads	O
into	O
the	O
fabric	O
of	O
Russian	B-NORP
society	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
an	O
admirable	O
public	O
relations	O
program	O
initiated	O
by	O
a	O
single	O
political	O
leader	O
during	O
a	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
blink	O
of	O
history	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
public	O
relations	O
of	O
the	O
highest	O
sophistication	O
,	O
that	O
recognizes	O
that	O
credibility	O
is	O
enhanced	O
by	O
honesty	O
--	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
point	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
that	O
point	O
?	O


Will	O
Ogonyok	B-ORG
begin	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
reports	O
analyzing	O
the	O
failures	O
of	O
perestroika	O
?	O


``	O
I	O
'd	O
be	O
destroying	O
myself	O
,	O
''	O
replies	O
Mr.	O
Korotich	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
then	O
asks	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
would	O
that	O
accomplish	O
?	O


''	O
His	O
answer	O
reveals	O
his	O
vulnerability	O
--	O
it	O
also	O
draws	O
the	O
line	O
that	O
Soviet	B-NORP
society	O
must	O
cross	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
normal	O
dialogue	O
of	O
Western	O
culture	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
line	O
beyond	O
which	O
the	O
press	O
can	O
report	O
not	O
only	O
on	O
the	O
bankruptcy	O
of	O
factories	O
but	O
on	O
the	O
failures	O
of	O
even	O
admirable	O
leaders	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Ayers	B-PERSON
is	O
editor	O
and	O
publisher	O
of	O
the	O
Anniston	B-GPE
,	O
Ala.	B-GPE
,	O
Star	B-ORG
.	O


A	O
state	O
trial	O
judge	O
in	O
Illinois	B-GPE
gave	O
preliminary	O
approval	O
to	O
a	O
proposed	O
settlement	O
of	O
a	O
suit	O
against	O
a	O
Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
unit	O
,	O
Irving	B-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
over	O
the	O
interest	O
rates	O
on	O
Irving	B-ORG
's	O
former	O
One	O
Wall	O
Street	O
Account	O
money	O
-	O
market	O
deposit	O
accounts	O
.	O


Judge	O
Albert	B-PERSON
Green	I-PERSON
,	O
in	O
Cook	B-ORG
County	I-ORG
Circuit	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
,	O
also	O
recognized	O
the	O
suit	O
,	O
filed	O
last	B-DATE
May	I-DATE
by	O
Robert	B-PERSON
and	O
Cynthia	B-PERSON
Langendorf	I-PERSON
,	O
as	O
a	O
class	O
action	O
covering	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Irving	B-ORG
customers	O
.	O


The	O
plaintiffs	O
accused	O
Irving	B-ORG
of	O
paying	O
less	O
interest	O
than	O
promised	O
in	O
a	O
marketing	O
brochure	O
.	O


Irving	B-ORG
maintained	O
--	O
and	O
still	O
does	O
--	O
that	O
its	O
actions	O
were	O
proper	O
under	O
its	O
account	O
agreements	O
with	O
customers	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
proposed	O
settlement	O
,	O
customers	O
with	O
valid	O
claims	O
--	O
to	O
be	O
submitted	O
by	O
Dec.	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
--	O
will	O
receive	O
``	O
valuable	O
bank	O
services	O
,	O
''	O
such	O
as	O
credit	O
cards	O
with	O
reduced	O
finance	O
charges	O
,	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Larry	B-PERSON
Drury	I-PERSON
,	O
attorney	O
for	O
the	O
plaintiffs	O
,	O
valued	O
the	O
settlement	O
at	O
between	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
and	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


A	O
Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
spokesman	O
in	O
Manhattan	B-GPE
,	O
Owen	B-PERSON
Brady	I-PERSON
,	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
That	O
's	O
the	O
maximum	O
,	O
outside	O
figure	O
.	O


Federal	B-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
critics	O
used	O
to	O
complain	O
of	O
``	O
stop	O
and	O
go	O
''	O
monetary	O
policies	O
.	O


They	O
claimed	O
that	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
would	O
first	B-ORDINAL
give	O
a	O
green	O
light	O
to	O
the	O
economy	O
by	O
making	O
credit	O
readily	O
available	O
and	O
then	O
turn	O
on	O
the	O
red	O
and	O
bring	O
growth	O
to	O
a	O
screeching	O
halt	O
.	O


But	O
under	O
Alan	B-PERSON
Greenspan	I-PERSON
that	O
has	O
changed	O
.	O


A	O
supremely	O
cautious	O
man	O
,	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
chairman	O
is	O
forever	O
blinking	O
yellow	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
his	O
caution	O
has	O
become	O
legendary	O
within	O
the	O
government	O
.	O


He	O
fusses	O
endlessly	O
over	O
economic	O
statistics	O
,	O
dissecting	O
them	O
in	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
ways	O
,	O
probing	O
for	O
hours	B-TIME
in	O
search	O
of	O
potential	O
problems	O
.	O


After	O
thoroughly	O
digesting	O
reams	O
of	O
information	O
,	O
he	O
often	O
concludes	O
that	O
more	O
data	O
are	O
needed	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
he	O
finally	O
decides	O
to	O
act	O
,	O
his	O
movements	O
sometimes	O
seem	O
excrutiatingly	O
small	O
.	O


Such	O
caution	O
was	O
evident	O
after	O
the	O
recent	O
Friday	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
13th	I-DATE
stock	O
market	O
plunge	O
.	O


Some	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
officials	O
urged	O
Mr.	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
to	O
make	O
an	O
immediate	O
public	O
announcement	O
of	O
his	O
plans	O
to	O
provide	O
ample	O
credit	O
to	O
the	O
markets	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
refused	O
,	O
claiming	O
that	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
see	O
what	O
happened	O
Monday	B-DATE
morning	B-TIME
before	O
making	O
any	O
public	O
statement	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
's	O
decision	O
to	O
keep	O
quiet	O
also	O
prompted	O
a	O
near	O
-	O
mutiny	O
within	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
's	O
ranks	O
.	O


A	O
``	O
senior	O
Fed	B-ORG
official	O
''	O
spoke	O
on	O
Saturday	B-DATE
after	O
the	O
market	O
swoon	O
to	O
both	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
,	O
saying	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
was	O
prepared	O
to	O
provide	O
as	O
much	O
credit	O
as	O
the	O
markets	O
needed	O
.	O


The	O
statement	O
angered	O
Chairman	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
greeted	O
with	O
applause	O
by	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
and	O
the	O
financial	O
markets	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
mutinous	O
Fed	B-ORG
member	O
has	O
n't	O
gone	O
public	O
,	O
some	O
Fed	B-ORG
governors	O
,	O
most	O
notably	O
Vice	O
Chairman	O
Manuel	B-PERSON
Johnson	I-PERSON
,	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
have	O
disagreed	O
with	O
the	O
chairman	O
's	O
decision	O
to	O
remain	O
silent	O
.	O


Ironically	O
,	O
the	O
anonymous	O
official	O
's	O
comments	O
have	O
earned	O
some	O
plaudits	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
mistakenly	O
seen	O
as	O
the	O
source	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
hearing	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
Democratic	B-NORP
Sen.	O
Chris	B-PERSON
Dodd	I-PERSON
of	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
told	O
Treasury	B-ORG
Secretary	O
Nicholas	B-PERSON
Brady	I-PERSON
that	O
``	O
Chairman	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
's	O
''	O
announcement	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
Oct.	I-DATE
13	I-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
was	O
a	O
``	O
very	O
important	O
statement	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Brady	B-PERSON
hesitantly	O
replied	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
n't	O
sure	O
whether	O
Mr.	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
``	O
made	O
a	O
statement	O
himself	O
,	O
or	O
whether	O
that	O
was	O
a	O
newspaper	O
report	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Fed	B-ORG
chairman	O
's	O
caution	O
was	O
apparent	O
again	O
on	O
the	O
Monday	B-DATE
morning	B-TIME
after	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
plunge	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
central	O
bank	O
took	O
only	O
modest	O
steps	O
to	O
aid	O
the	O
markets	O
.	O


A	O
surprisingly	O
small	O
amount	O
of	O
reserves	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
banking	O
system	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
that	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
key	O
federal	O
funds	O
interest	O
rate	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
largely	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
,	O
had	O
settled	O
at	O
8.75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
barely	O
changed	O
from	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
just	B-PERCENT
under	I-PERCENT
9	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
that	O
prevailed	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
officials	O
appear	O
increasingly	O
concerned	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
is	O
cautious	O
to	O
a	O
fault	O
.	O


Signs	O
of	O
growing	O
weakness	O
in	O
the	O
economy	O
,	O
paired	O
with	O
indications	O
that	O
inflation	O
is	O
staying	O
well	O
under	O
control	O
,	O
have	O
caused	O
them	O
to	O
wonder	O
why	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
chairman	O
is	O
so	O
grudging	O
in	O
reducing	O
rates	O
.	O


Those	O
concerns	O
are	O
n't	O
expressed	O
in	O
public	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
administration	O
and	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
have	O
been	O
going	O
out	O
of	O
their	O
way	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
to	O
dispel	O
any	O
impression	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
at	O
odds	O
,	O
fearing	O
stories	O
about	O
an	O
administration	O
-	O
Fed	O
split	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
's	O
jitters	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
the	O
split	O
is	O
there	O
.	O


The	O
administration	O
's	O
concerns	O
are	O
understandable	O
.	O


The	O
economy	O
is	O
showing	O
signs	O
of	O
weakness	O
,	O
particularly	O
among	O
manufacturers	O
.	O


Exports	O
,	O
which	O
played	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
fueling	O
growth	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
seem	O
to	O
have	O
stalled	O
.	O


Factory	O
payrolls	O
and	O
production	O
fell	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
auto	O
industry	O
and	O
housing	O
are	O
in	O
a	O
severe	O
crunch	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
remains	O
reluctant	O
to	O
loosen	O
policy	O
,	O
partly	O
because	O
he	O
faces	O
a	O
phalanx	O
of	O
presidents	O
of	O
regional	O
Fed	B-ORG
banks	O
who	O
oppose	O
credit	O
easing	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
chairman	O
has	O
a	O
wary	O
eye	O
aimed	O
a	O
year	B-DATE
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
down	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


Inflation	O
may	O
be	O
stable	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
,	O
running	O
at	O
about	B-PERCENT
4.5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


But	O
if	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
eases	O
too	O
soon	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
fears	O
,	O
prices	O
may	O
begin	O
to	O
accelerate	O
again	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
holds	O
tight	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
able	O
gradually	O
to	O
reduce	O
inflation	O
,	O
moving	O
toward	O
the	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
inflation	O
goal	O
that	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
chairman	O
embraced	O
in	O
testimony	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
's	O
cautious	O
approach	O
to	O
policy	O
has	O
served	O
both	O
him	O
and	O
the	O
nation	O
well	O
.	O


His	O
hand	O
on	O
the	O
monetary	O
tiller	O
seems	O
one	B-CARDINAL
reason	O
why	O
the	O
economy	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
seems	O
highly	O
likely	O
to	O
begin	O
an	B-DATE
unprecedented	I-DATE
eighth	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
peacetime	O
growth	O
without	O
a	O
recession	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
've	O
gotten	O
through	O
two	B-CARDINAL
stock	O
market	O
crashes	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
've	O
gone	O
through	O
an	O
election	O
without	O
any	O
major	O
problems	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
David	B-PERSON
Hale	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
economist	O
of	O
Kemper	B-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
give	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
a	O
good	O
rating	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
such	O
caution	O
is	O
no	O
guarantee	O
against	O
mistakes	O
.	O


The	O
Fed	B-ORG
's	O
reluctance	O
to	O
ease	O
credit	O
now	O
could	O
be	O
laying	O
the	O
groundwork	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
recession	O
,	O
perhaps	O
starting	O
early	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


If	O
that	O
happens	O
,	O
Chairman	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
could	O
well	O
become	O
an	O
open	O
target	O
.	O


Already	O
,	O
Congress	B-ORG
is	O
toying	O
with	O
legislation	O
to	O
curb	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
's	O
independence	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
economy	O
turns	O
down	O
,	O
such	O
proposals	O
could	O
gain	O
strong	O
momentum	O
.	O


As	O
competition	O
heats	O
up	O
in	O
Spain	B-GPE
's	O
crowded	O
bank	O
market	O
,	O
Banco	B-ORG
Exterior	I-ORG
de	I-ORG
Espana	I-ORG
is	O
seeking	O
to	O
shed	O
its	O
image	O
of	O
a	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
bank	O
and	O
move	O
into	O
new	O
activities	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
its	O
new	O
chairman	O
,	O
Francisco	B-PERSON
Luzon	I-PERSON
,	O
Spain	B-GPE
's	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
bank	O
is	O
undergoing	O
a	O
tough	O
restructuring	O
that	O
analysts	O
say	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
step	O
toward	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
privatization	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
industrial	O
holding	O
company	O
Instituto	B-ORG
Nacional	I-ORG
de	I-ORG
Industria	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Spain	I-ORG
jointly	O
hold	O
a	O
13.94	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
Banco	B-ORG
Exterior	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
government	O
directly	O
owns	O
51.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
Factorex	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
financial	O
services	O
company	O
,	O
holds	O
8.42	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
rest	O
is	O
listed	O
on	O
Spanish	B-NORP
stock	O
exchanges	O
.	O


Some	O
analysts	O
are	O
concerned	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
Banco	B-ORG
Exterior	I-ORG
may	O
have	O
waited	O
too	O
long	O
to	O
diversify	O
from	O
its	O
traditional	O
export	O
-	O
related	O
activities	O
.	O


Catching	O
up	O
with	O
commercial	O
competitors	O
in	O
retail	O
banking	O
and	O
financial	O
services	O
,	O
they	O
argue	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
difficult	O
,	O
particularly	O
if	O
market	O
conditions	O
turn	O
sour	O
.	O


If	O
that	O
proves	O
true	O
,	O
analysts	O
say	O
Banco	B-ORG
Exterior	I-ORG
could	O
be	O
a	O
prime	O
partner	O
--	O
or	O
even	O
a	O
takeover	O
target	O
--	O
for	O
either	O
a	O
Spanish	B-NORP
or	O
foreign	O
bank	O
seeking	O
to	O
increase	O
its	O
market	O
share	O
after	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
plans	O
to	O
dismantle	O
financial	O
barriers	O
.	O


With	O
700	B-CARDINAL
branches	O
in	O
Spain	B-GPE
and	O
12	B-CARDINAL
banking	O
subsidiaries	O
,	O
five	B-CARDINAL
branches	O
and	O
12	B-CARDINAL
representative	O
offices	O
abroad	O
,	O
the	O
Banco	B-ORG
Exterior	I-ORG
group	O
has	O
a	O
lot	O
to	O
offer	O
a	O
potential	O
suitor	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Luzon	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
team	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
n't	O
interested	O
in	O
a	O
merger	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
working	O
to	O
transform	O
Banco	B-ORG
Exterior	I-ORG
into	O
an	O
efficient	O
bank	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1992	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
I	O
want	O
this	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
way	O
a	O
public	O
-	O
owned	O
company	O
should	O
be	O
run	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Luzon	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Banco	B-ORG
Exterior	I-ORG
was	O
created	O
in	O
1929	B-DATE
to	O
provide	O
subsidized	O
credits	O
for	O
Spanish	B-NORP
exports	O
.	O


The	O
market	O
for	O
export	O
financing	O
was	O
liberalized	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
mid-1980s	I-DATE
,	O
however	O
,	O
forcing	O
the	O
bank	O
to	O
face	O
competition	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
Spain	B-GPE
's	O
traditional	O
export	O
markets	O
in	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
and	O
other	O
developing	O
areas	O
faced	O
a	O
sharp	O
decline	O
in	O
economic	O
growth	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
Banco	B-ORG
Exterior	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
export	O
credit	O
portfolio	O
plunged	O
from	O
824	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
pesatas	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
7.04	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
as	O
of	O
Dec.	B-DATE
31	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1986	I-DATE
,	O
to	O
its	O
current	O
522	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
pesetas	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
other	O
two	B-CARDINAL
main	O
pillars	O
of	O
Banco	B-ORG
Exterior	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
traditional	O
business	O
--	O
wholesale	O
banking	O
and	O
foreign	O
currency	O
trading	O
--	O
also	O
began	O
to	O
crumble	O
under	O
the	O
weight	O
of	O
heavy	O
competition	O
and	O
changing	O
client	O
needs	O
.	O


The	O
bank	O
was	O
hamstrung	O
in	O
its	O
efforts	O
to	O
face	O
the	O
challenges	O
of	O
a	O
changing	O
market	O
by	O
its	O
links	O
to	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
analysts	O
say	O
.	O


Until	O
Mr.	O
Luzon	B-PERSON
took	O
the	O
helm	O
last	B-DATE
November	I-DATE
,	O
Banco	B-ORG
Exterior	I-ORG
was	O
run	O
by	O
politicians	O
who	O
lacked	O
either	O
the	O
skills	O
or	O
the	O
will	O
to	O
introduce	O
innovative	O
changes	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Luzon	B-PERSON
has	O
moved	O
swiftly	O
to	O
streamline	O
bureaucracy	O
,	O
cut	O
costs	O
,	O
increase	O
capital	O
and	O
build	O
up	O
new	O
areas	O
of	O
business	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
lot	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
acknowledged	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
move	O
quickly	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
Mr.	O
Luzon	B-PERSON
's	O
first	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
bank	O
eliminated	O
800	B-CARDINAL
jobs	O
.	O


Now	O
it	O
says	O
it	O
'll	O
trim	O
another	O
1,200	B-CARDINAL
jobs	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
bank	O
employs	O
8,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
Spain	B-GPE
and	O
2,000	B-CARDINAL
abroad	O
.	O


To	O
strengthen	O
its	O
capital	O
base	O
,	O
Banco	B-ORG
Exterior	I-ORG
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
issued	O
$	B-MONEY
105	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
subordinated	O
debt	O
,	O
launched	O
two	B-CARDINAL
rights	O
issues	O
and	O
sold	O
stock	O
held	O
in	O
its	O
treasury	O
to	O
small	O
investors	O
.	O


The	O
bank	O
is	O
now	O
aggressively	O
marketing	O
retail	O
services	O
at	O
its	O
domestic	O
branches	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
drop	O
in	O
export	O
credit	O
was	O
partially	O
offset	O
by	O
a	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
surge	O
in	O
lending	O
to	O
individuals	O
and	O
small	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
companies	O
.	O


Though	O
Spain	B-GPE
has	O
an	O
excess	O
of	O
banks	O
,	O
analysts	O
say	O
the	O
country	O
still	O
has	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
profitable	O
markets	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
which	O
will	O
aid	O
Banco	B-ORG
Exterior	I-ORG
with	O
the	O
tough	O
tasks	O
it	O
faces	O
ahead	O
.	O


Expansion	O
plans	O
also	O
include	O
acquisitions	O
in	O
growing	O
foreign	O
markets	O
.	O


The	O
bank	O
says	O
it	O
's	O
interested	O
in	O
purchasing	O
banks	O
in	O
Morocco	B-GPE
,	O
Portugal	B-GPE
and	O
Puerto	B-GPE
Rico	I-GPE
.	O


But	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
retail	O
activities	O
in	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
cut	O
back	O
.	O


Banco	B-ORG
Exterior	I-ORG
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
last	O
banks	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
brokerage	O
house	O
before	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
Spanish	B-NORP
stock	O
exchanges	O
underwent	O
sweeping	O
changes	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
late	O
start	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
handicap	O
for	O
the	O
bank	O
as	O
Spain	B-GPE
continues	O
to	O
open	O
up	O
its	O
market	O
to	O
foreign	O
competition	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Luzon	B-PERSON
contends	O
that	O
the	O
experienced	O
team	O
he	O
brought	O
with	O
him	O
from	O
Banco	B-ORG
Bilbao	I-ORG
Vizcaya	I-ORG
,	O
where	O
he	O
was	O
formerly	O
director	O
general	O
,	O
will	O
whip	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
capital	O
market	O
division	O
into	O
shape	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1992	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
bank	O
also	O
says	O
it	O
'll	O
use	O
its	O
international	O
network	O
to	O
channel	O
investment	O
from	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
Frankfurt	B-GPE
,	O
Zurich	B-GPE
and	O
Paris	B-GPE
into	O
the	O
Spanish	B-NORP
stock	O
exchanges	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
last	O
words	O
Abbie	B-PERSON
Hoffman	I-PERSON
ever	O
uttered	O
,	O
more	O
or	O
less	O
,	O
before	O
he	O
killed	O
himself	O
.	O


And	O
You	O
Are	O
There	O
,	O
sort	O
of	O
:	O


ABBIE	B-PERSON
:	O
``	O
I	O
'm	O
OK	O
,	O
Jack	B-PERSON
.	O


I	O
'm	O
OK	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
listening	O
-RRB-	O
``	O
Yeah	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
out	O
of	O
bed	O
.	O


I	O
got	O
my	O
feet	O
on	O
the	O
floor	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
feet	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
see	O
you	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
?	O
...	O
Thursday	B-DATE
.	O
''	O


He	O
listens	O
impassively	O
.	O


ABBIE	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
cont'd.	O
-RRB-	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
'll	O
always	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
,	O
Jack	B-PERSON
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
worry	O
.	O
''	O


Abbie	B-PERSON
lies	O
back	O
and	O
leaves	O
the	O
frame	O
empty	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
that	O
was	O
n't	O
the	O
actual	O
conversation	O
the	O
late	O
anti-war	O
activist	O
,	O
protest	O
leader	O
and	O
founder	O
of	O
the	O
Yippies	B-NORP
ever	O
had	O
with	O
his	O
brother	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
script	O
pieced	O
together	O
from	O
interviews	O
by	O
CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
for	O
a	O
re-enactment	O
,	O
a	O
dramatic	O
rendering	O
by	O
an	O
actor	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Hoffman	B-PERSON
's	O
ultimately	O
unsuccessful	O
struggle	O
with	O
depression	O
.	O


The	O
segment	O
is	O
soon	O
to	O
be	O
broadcast	O
on	O
the	O
CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
series	O
``	O
Saturday	B-WORK_OF_ART
Night	I-WORK_OF_ART
With	I-WORK_OF_ART
Connie	I-WORK_OF_ART
Chung	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
thus	O
further	O
blurring	O
the	O
distinction	O
between	O
fiction	O
and	O
reality	O
in	O
TV	O
news	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
New	O
Journalism	O
come	O
to	O
television	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Chung	B-PERSON
's	O
program	O
is	O
just	O
one	O
of	O
several	O
network	O
shows	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
many	O
more	O
in	O
syndication	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
rely	O
on	O
the	O
controversial	O
technique	O
of	O
reconstructing	O
events	O
,	O
using	O
actors	O
who	O
are	O
supposed	O
to	O
resemble	O
real	O
people	O
,	O
living	O
and	O
dead	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Chung	B-PERSON
's	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
only	O
network	O
news	O
program	O
in	O
history	O
to	O
employ	O
casting	O
directors	O
.	O


Abbie	B-PERSON
Hoffman	I-PERSON
in	O
this	O
case	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
played	O
by	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
actor	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Lieber	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
n't	O
new	O
to	O
the	O
character	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
Mr.	O
Hoffman	B-PERSON
in	O
a	O
1979	B-DATE
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
production	O
of	O
a	O
play	O
called	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Chicago	I-WORK_OF_ART
Conspiracy	I-WORK_OF_ART
Trial	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Television	O
news	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
part	O
show	O
-	O
biz	O
.	O


Broadcasters	O
have	O
a	O
healthy	O
appreciation	O
of	O
the	O
role	O
entertainment	O
values	O
play	O
in	O
captivating	O
an	O
audience	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
as	O
CBS	B-ORG
Broadcast	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
president	O
Howard	B-PERSON
Stringer	I-PERSON
puts	O
it	O
,	O
the	O
network	O
now	O
needs	O
to	O
``	O
broaden	O
the	O
horizons	O
of	O
nonfiction	O
television	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
includes	O
some	O
experimentation	O
.	O
''	O


Since	O
its	O
premiere	O
Sept.	B-DATE
16	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
show	O
on	O
which	O
Ms.	O
Chung	B-PERSON
appears	O
has	O
used	O
an	O
actor	O
to	O
portray	O
the	O
Rev.	O
Vernon	B-PERSON
Johns	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
civil	O
-	O
rights	O
leader	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
teenage	O
drug	O
dealer	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
depicted	O
the	O
bombing	O
of	O
Pan	B-ORG
Am	I-ORG
flight	O
103	B-CARDINAL
over	O
the	O
Scottish	B-NORP
town	O
of	O
Lockerbie	B-GPE
.	O


On	O
Oct.	B-DATE
21	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
did	O
a	O
rendition	O
of	O
the	O
kidnapping	O
and	O
imprisonment	O
of	O
Associated	B-ORG
Press	I-ORG
correspondent	O
Terry	B-PERSON
Anderson	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
abducted	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
1985	I-DATE
and	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
held	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
production	O
had	O
actors	O
playing	O
Mr.	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
and	O
former	O
hostages	O
David	B-PERSON
Jacobsen	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Rev.	O
Benjamin	B-PERSON
Weir	I-PERSON
and	O
Father	O
Lawrence	B-PERSON
Jenco	I-PERSON
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
has	O
similarly	O
branched	O
out	O
into	O
entertainment	O
gimmickry	O
.	O


``	O
Prime	B-WORK_OF_ART
Time	I-WORK_OF_ART
Live	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
a	O
new	O
show	O
this	B-DATE
season	I-DATE
featuring	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Donaldson	I-PERSON
and	O
Diane	B-PERSON
Sawyer	I-PERSON
,	O
has	O
a	O
studio	O
audience	O
that	O
applauds	O
and	O
that	O
one	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
-LRB-	O
to	O
the	O
embarrassment	O
of	O
the	O
network	O
-RRB-	O
waved	O
at	O
the	O
camera	O
like	O
the	O
crowd	O
on	O
``	O
Let	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Make	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
Deal	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
ABC	B-ORG
stops	O
short	O
of	O
using	O
an	O
``	O
applause	O
''	O
sign	O
and	O
a	O
comic	O
to	O
warm	O
up	O
the	O
audience	O
.	O


The	O
stars	O
do	O
that	O
themselves	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
has	O
produced	O
three	B-CARDINAL
episodes	O
of	O
an	O
occasional	O
series	O
produced	O
by	O
Sid	B-PERSON
Feders	I-PERSON
called	O
``	O
Yesterday	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
Today	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Tomorrow	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
starring	O
Maria	B-PERSON
Shriver	I-PERSON
,	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
Scarborough	I-PERSON
and	O
Mary	B-PERSON
Alice	I-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
,	O
that	O
also	O
gives	O
work	O
to	O
actors	O
.	O


Call	O
it	O
a	O
fad	O
.	O


Or	O
call	O
it	O
the	O
wave	O
of	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


NBC	B-ORG
's	O
re-creations	O
are	O
produced	O
by	O
Cosgrove	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Meurer	I-ORG
Productions	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
also	O
makes	O
the	O
successful	O
prime	O
-	O
time	O
NBC	B-ORG
Entertainment	I-ORG
series	O
``	O
Unsolved	B-WORK_OF_ART
Mysteries	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


The	O
marriage	O
of	O
news	O
and	O
theater	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
exactly	O
inevitable	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
consummated	O
nonetheless	O
.	O


News	O
programs	O
,	O
particularly	O
if	O
they	O
score	O
well	O
in	O
the	O
ratings	O
,	O
appeal	O
to	O
the	O
networks	O
'	O
cost	O
-	O
conscious	O
corporate	O
parents	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
so	O
much	O
less	O
expensive	O
to	O
produce	O
than	O
an	O
entertainment	O
show	O
is	O
--	O
somewhere	O
between	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
400,000	I-MONEY
and	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
500,000	I-MONEY
for	O
a	O
one	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
program	O
.	O


Entertainment	O
shows	O
tend	O
to	O
cost	O
twice	O
that	O
.	O


Re-enactments	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
successfully	O
for	O
several	B-DATE
seasons	I-DATE
on	O
such	O
syndicated	O
``	O
tabloid	O
TV	O
''	O
shows	O
as	O
``	O
A	B-WORK_OF_ART
Current	I-WORK_OF_ART
Affair	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
which	O
is	O
produced	O
by	O
the	O
Fox	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
unit	O
of	O
Rupert	B-PERSON
Murdoch	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
News	B-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


That	O
show	O
,	O
whose	O
host	O
is	O
Ms.	O
Chung	B-PERSON
's	O
husband	O
,	O
Maury	B-PERSON
Povich	I-PERSON
,	O
has	O
a	O
particular	O
penchant	O
for	O
grisly	O
murders	O
and	O
stories	O
having	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
sex	O
--	O
the	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Chambers	I-PERSON
murder	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
Rob	B-PERSON
Lowe	I-PERSON
tapes	O
,	O
what	O
have	O
you	O
.	O


Gerald	B-PERSON
Stone	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
executive	O
producer	O
of	O
``	O
A	B-WORK_OF_ART
Current	I-WORK_OF_ART
Affair	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
have	O
opened	O
eyes	O
to	O
being	O
a	O
little	O
less	O
conservative	O
and	O
more	O
imaginative	O
in	O
how	O
to	O
present	O
the	O
news	O
.	O
''	O


Nowhere	O
have	O
eyes	O
been	O
opened	O
wider	O
than	O
at	O
CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
.	O


At	O
555	O
W.	O
57th	O
St.	O
in	O
Manhattan	B-GPE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
floor	O
below	O
the	O
offices	O
of	O
``	O
60	B-WORK_OF_ART
Minutes	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
the	O
most	O
successful	O
prime	O
-	O
time	O
news	O
program	O
ever	O
,	O
actors	O
wait	O
in	O
the	O
reception	O
area	O
to	O
audition	O
for	O
``	O
Saturday	B-WORK_OF_ART
Night	I-WORK_OF_ART
With	I-WORK_OF_ART
Connie	I-WORK_OF_ART
Chung	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
sends	O
scripts	O
to	O
agents	O
,	O
who	O
pass	O
them	O
along	O
to	O
clients	O
.	O


The	O
network	O
deals	O
a	O
lot	O
with	O
unknowns	O
,	O
including	O
Scott	B-PERSON
Wentworth	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
portrayed	O
Mr.	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Alton	I-PERSON
as	O
Father	O
Jenco	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
the	O
network	O
has	O
some	O
big	O
names	O
to	O
contend	O
with	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


James	B-PERSON
Earl	I-PERSON
Jones	I-PERSON
is	O
cast	O
to	O
play	O
the	O
Rev.	O
Mr.	O
Johns	B-PERSON
.	O


Ned	B-PERSON
Beatty	I-PERSON
may	O
portray	O
former	O
California	B-GPE
Gov.	O
Pat	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
in	O
a	O
forthcoming	O
epsiode	O
on	O
Caryl	B-PERSON
Chessman	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
last	O
man	O
to	O
be	O
executed	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
1960	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
Saturday	B-WORK_OF_ART
Night	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
has	O
cast	O
actors	O
to	O
appear	O
in	O
future	O
stories	O
ranging	O
from	O
the	O
abortion	O
rights	O
of	O
teen	O
-	O
agers	O
to	O
a	O
Nov.	B-DATE
4	I-DATE
segment	O
on	O
a	O
man	O
named	O
Willie	B-PERSON
Bosket	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
calls	O
himself	O
a	O
``	O
monster	O
''	O
and	O
is	O
reputed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
toughest	O
prisoner	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
as	O
recently	O
as	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
fired	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
employees	O
in	O
budget	O
cutbacks	O
,	O
now	O
hires	O
featured	O
actors	O
beginning	O
at	O
$	O
2,700	B-MONEY
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


That	O
is	O
n't	O
much	O
compared	O
with	O
what	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Cosby	I-PERSON
makes	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
Connie	B-PERSON
Chung	I-PERSON
for	O
that	O
matter	O
-LRB-	O
who	O
is	O
paid	O
$	B-MONEY
1.6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
and	O
who	O
recently	O
did	O
a	O
guest	O
shot	O
of	O
her	O
own	O
on	O
the	O
sitcom	O
``	O
Murphy	B-WORK_OF_ART
Brown	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
money	O
is	O
n't	O
peanuts	O
either	O
,	O
particularly	O
for	O
a	O
news	O
program	O
.	O


CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
is	O
also	O
re-enacting	O
the	O
1979	B-DATE
Three	B-EVENT
Mile	I-EVENT
Island	I-EVENT
nuclear	O
accident	O
in	O
Middletown	B-GPE
,	O
Pa.	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
something	O
less	O
than	O
a	O
cast	O
of	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
.	O


It	O
is	O
combing	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
for	O
about	B-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
extras	O
.	O


On	O
Oct.	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
town	O
's	O
mayor	O
,	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Reid	I-PERSON
,	O
made	O
an	O
announcement	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
CBS	B-ORG
during	O
half	O
-	O
time	O
at	O
the	O
Middletown	B-ORG
High	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
football	O
game	O
asking	O
for	O
volunteers	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
was	O
a	O
roll	O
of	O
laughter	O
through	O
the	O
stands	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Sukle	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
editor	O
of	O
the	O
weekly	B-DATE
Press	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
in	O
Middletown	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
They	O
're	O
filming	O
right	O
now	O
at	O
the	O
bank	O
down	O
the	O
street	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
want	O
shots	O
of	O
people	O
getting	O
out	O
of	O
cars	O
and	O
kids	O
on	O
skateboards	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
approaching	O
everyone	O
on	O
the	O
street	O
and	O
asking	O
if	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
a	O
docudrama	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Sukle	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
would	O
n't	O
dream	O
of	O
participating	O
himself	O
:	O


``	O
No	O
way	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
re-enactments	O
stink	O
.	O
''	O


Though	O
a	O
re-enactment	O
may	O
have	O
the	O
flavor	O
,	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
on	O
the	O
Hudson	B-LOC
it	O
is	O
n't	O
.	O


Some	O
producers	O
seem	O
tentative	O
about	O
the	O
technique	O
,	O
squeamish	O
even	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
results	O
,	O
while	O
not	O
news	O
,	O
are	O
n't	O
exactly	O
theater	O
either	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
not	O
good	O
theater	O
.	O


And	O
some	O
people	O
do	O
think	O
that	O
acting	O
out	O
scripts	O
is	O
n't	O
worthy	O
of	O
CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
once	O
lent	O
prestige	O
to	O
the	O
network	O
and	O
set	O
standards	O
for	O
the	O
industry	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
review	O
of	O
``	O
Saturday	B-WORK_OF_ART
Night	I-WORK_OF_ART
With	I-WORK_OF_ART
Connie	I-WORK_OF_ART
Chung	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Shales	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
TV	O
critic	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
and	O
generally	O
an	O
admirer	O
of	O
CBS	B-ORG
,	O
wrote	O
that	O
while	O
the	O
show	O
is	O
``	O
impressive	O
,	O
...	O
one	O
has	O
to	O
wonder	O
if	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
proper	O
direction	O
for	O
a	O
network	O
news	O
division	O
to	O
take	O
.	O
''	O


Re-creating	O
events	O
has	O
,	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
upset	O
news	O
traditionalists	O
,	O
including	O
former	O
CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
President	O
Richard	B-PERSON
S.	I-PERSON
Salant	I-PERSON
and	O
former	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
President	O
Reuven	B-PERSON
Frank	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
anchorman	O
Walter	B-PERSON
Cronkite	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
new	O
dean	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Columbia	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
Graduate	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Journalism	I-ORG
,	O
Joan	B-PERSON
Konner	I-PERSON
.	O


Says	O
she	O
:	O
``	O
Once	O
you	O
add	O
dramatizations	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
no	O
longer	O
news	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
drama	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
has	O
no	O
place	O
on	O
a	O
network	O
news	O
broadcast	O
...	O
.	O


They	O
should	O
never	O
be	O
on	O
.	O


Never	O
.	O
''	O


Criticism	O
of	O
the	O
Abbie	B-PERSON
Hoffman	I-PERSON
segment	O
is	O
particularly	O
scathing	O
among	O
people	O
who	O
knew	O
and	O
loved	O
the	O
man	O
.	O


That	O
includes	O
his	O
companion	O
of	O
15	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Johanna	B-PERSON
Lawrenson	I-PERSON
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
his	O
former	O
wife	O
,	O
Anita	B-PERSON
.	O


Both	O
women	O
say	O
they	O
also	O
find	O
it	O
distasteful	O
that	O
CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
is	O
apparently	O
concentrating	O
on	O
Mr.	O
Hoffman	B-PERSON
's	O
problems	O
as	O
a	O
manic	O
-	O
depressive	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
dangerous	O
and	O
misrepresents	O
Abbie	B-PERSON
's	O
life	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Ms.	O
Lawrenson	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
had	O
an	O
advance	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
36	B-CARDINAL
-	O
page	O
script	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
a	O
sensational	O
piece	O
about	O
someone	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
here	O
to	O
defend	O
himself	O
.	O
''	O


Mrs.	O
Hoffman	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
dramatization	O
``	O
makes	O
the	O
truth	O
flexible	O
.	O


It	O
takes	O
one	B-CARDINAL
person	O
's	O
account	O
and	O
gives	O
it	O
authenticity	O
.	O
''	O


CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
interviewed	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Hoffman	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
sister	O
,	O
Phyllis	B-PERSON
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Mr.	O
Hoffman	B-PERSON
's	O
landlord	O
in	O
Solebury	B-GPE
Township	I-GPE
,	O
Pa	B-GPE
.	O


Also	O
Jonathan	B-PERSON
Silvers	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
collaborated	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Hoffman	B-PERSON
on	O
two	B-CARDINAL
books	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Silvers	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
be	O
interviewed	O
to	O
get	O
Abbie	B-PERSON
's	O
story	O
out	O
,	O
and	O
maybe	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
illness	O
will	O
do	O
some	O
good	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
executive	O
producer	O
of	O
``	O
Saturday	B-WORK_OF_ART
Night	I-WORK_OF_ART
With	I-WORK_OF_ART
Connie	I-WORK_OF_ART
Chung	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
Lack	I-PERSON
,	O
declines	O
to	O
discuss	O
re-creactions	O
as	O
a	O
practice	O
or	O
his	O
show	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
talk	O
about	O
my	O
work	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


The	O
president	O
of	O
CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
David	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Burke	I-PERSON
,	O
did	O
n't	O
return	O
numerous	O
telephone	O
calls	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
person	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
process	O
says	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
best	O
interest	O
of	O
CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
to	O
comment	O
on	O
a	O
``	O
work	O
in	O
progress	O
,	O
''	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Hoffman	B-PERSON
re-creation	O
,	O
but	O
says	O
CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
is	O
``	O
aware	O
''	O
of	O
the	O
concerns	O
of	O
Ms.	O
Lawrenson	B-PERSON
and	O
Mr.	O
Hoffman	B-PERSON
's	O
former	O
wife	O
.	O


Neither	O
woman	O
was	O
invited	O
by	O
CBS	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
to	O
participate	O
in	O
a	O
round	O
-	O
table	O
discussion	O
about	O
Mr.	O
Hoffman	B-PERSON
that	O
is	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
re-enactment	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lieber	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
actor	O
who	O
plays	O
Mr.	O
Hoffman	B-PERSON
,	O
says	O
he	O
was	O
concerned	O
at	O
first	O
that	O
the	O
script	O
would	O
``	O
misrepresent	O
an	O
astute	O
political	O
mind	O
,	O
one	O
that	O
I	O
admired	O
,	O
''	O
but	O
that	O
his	O
concerns	O
were	O
allayed	O
.	O


The	O
producers	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
did	O
a	O
good	O
job	O
of	O
depicting	O
someone	O
``	O
who	O
had	O
done	O
so	O
much	O
,	O
but	O
who	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
manic	O
-	O
depressive	O
.	O


Nicaraguan	B-NORP
President	O
Daniel	B-PERSON
Ortega	I-PERSON
may	O
have	O
accomplished	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
what	O
his	O
U.S.	B-GPE
antagonists	O
have	O
failed	O
to	O
do	O
:	O
revive	O
a	O
constituency	O
for	O
the	O
Contra	B-ORG
rebels	O
.	O


Lawmakers	O
have	O
n't	O
publicly	O
raised	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
renewing	O
military	O
aid	O
to	O
the	O
Contras	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
parried	O
the	O
question	O
at	O
a	O
news	O
conference	O
here	O
Saturday	B-DATE
,	O
saying	O
only	O
that	O
``	O
if	O
there	O
's	O
an	O
all	O
-	O
out	O
military	O
offensive	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
equation	O
180	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O
''	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
's	O
threat	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
to	O
end	O
a	O
19	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
with	O
the	O
rebels	O
seeking	O
to	O
topple	O
him	O
,	O
effectively	O
elevated	O
the	O
Contras	B-ORG
as	O
a	O
policy	O
priority	O
just	O
as	O
they	O
were	O
slipping	O
from	O
the	O
agendas	O
of	O
their	O
most	O
ardent	O
supporters	O
.	O


Senate	B-ORG
Majority	O
Leader	O
George	B-PERSON
Mitchell	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Maine	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
said	O
yesterday	B-DATE
on	O
NBC	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
``	O
Meet	B-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Press	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
's	O
threat	O
was	O
``	O
a	O
very	O
unwise	O
move	O
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
threat	O
came	O
during	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
celebration	O
in	O
Costa	B-GPE
Rica	I-GPE
to	O
highlight	O
Central	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
progress	O
toward	O
democracy	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
attended	O
by	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
Canadian	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Brian	B-PERSON
Mulroney	I-PERSON
and	O
14	B-CARDINAL
other	O
Western	B-LOC
Hemisphere	I-LOC
leaders	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
returned	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
Saturday	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
.	O


Mr.	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
announced	O
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
that	O
he	O
would	O
end	O
the	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
periodic	O
Contra	B-ORG
assaults	O
against	O
his	O
army	O
.	O


Saturday	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
amended	O
his	O
remarks	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
continue	O
to	O
abide	O
by	O
the	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
if	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
ends	O
its	O
financial	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Contras	B-ORG
.	O


He	O
asked	O
that	O
the	O
remaining	O
U.S.	B-GPE
humanitarian	O
aid	O
be	O
diverted	O
to	O
disarming	O
and	O
demobilizing	O
the	O
rebels	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
did	O
Mr.	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
's	O
comments	O
come	O
in	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
what	O
was	O
intended	O
as	O
a	O
showcase	O
for	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
it	O
came	O
as	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
is	O
under	O
special	O
international	O
scrutiny	O
in	O
anticipation	O
of	O
its	O
planned	O
February	B-DATE
elections	O
.	O


Outside	O
observers	O
are	O
gathering	O
in	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
registration	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
opposition	O
candidates	O
.	O


And	O
important	O
U.S.	B-GPE
lawmakers	O
must	O
decide	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
if	O
the	O
Contras	B-ORG
are	O
to	O
receive	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
49	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
humanitarian	O
assistance	O
under	O
a	O
bipartisan	O
agreement	O
reached	O
with	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
humanitarian	O
assistance	O
,	O
which	O
pays	O
for	O
supplies	O
such	O
as	O
food	O
and	O
clothing	O
for	O
the	O
rebels	O
amassed	O
along	O
the	O
Nicaraguan	B-NORP
border	O
with	O
Honduras	B-GPE
,	O
replaced	O
the	O
military	O
aid	O
cut	O
off	O
by	O
Congress	B-ORG
in	O
February	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


While	O
few	O
lawmakers	O
anticipated	O
that	O
the	O
humanitarian	O
aid	O
would	O
be	O
cut	O
off	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
's	O
threat	O
practically	O
guarantees	O
that	O
the	O
humanitarian	O
aid	O
will	O
be	O
continued	O
.	O


Senate	B-ORG
Minority	O
Leader	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Dole	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
R.	B-NORP
,	O
Kan	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
said	O
yesterday	B-DATE
on	O
``	O
Meet	B-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Press	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
would	O
hope	O
after	O
his	O
-LCB-	O
Mr.	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
's	O
-RCB-	O
act	O
yesterday	B-DATE
or	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
before	I-DATE
,	O
we	O
'd	O
have	O
unanimous	O
support	O
for	O
quick	O
action	O
on	O
remaining	O
humanitarian	O
aid	O
.	O
''	O


Sen.	O
Dole	B-PERSON
also	O
said	O
he	O
hoped	O
for	O
unanimous	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
resolution	O
he	O
plans	O
to	O
offer	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
denouncing	O
the	O
Nicaraguan	B-NORP
leader	O
.	O


While	O
renewing	O
military	O
aid	O
had	O
been	O
considered	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
question	O
,	O
rejected	O
by	O
Congress	B-ORG
and	O
de-emphasized	O
by	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
's	O
statement	O
provides	O
Contra	B-ORG
supporters	O
with	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
press	O
the	O
administration	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
administration	O
should	O
now	O
state	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
-LCB-	O
February	B-DATE
-RCB-	O
election	O
is	O
voided	O
by	O
the	O
Sandinistas	B-NORP
...	O
they	O
should	O
call	O
for	O
military	O
aid	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
former	O
Assistant	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Elliott	B-PERSON
Abrams	I-PERSON
.	O


``	O
In	O
these	O
circumstances	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
'd	O
win	O
.	O
''	O


Sen.	O
Mitchell	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
congressional	O
Democrats	B-NORP
intend	O
to	O
honor	O
the	O
March	B-DATE
agreement	O
to	O
give	O
non-lethal	O
support	O
to	O
the	O
Contras	B-ORG
through	O
the	O
February	B-DATE
elections	O
,	O
although	O
he	O
added	O
that	O
the	O
agreement	O
requires	O
that	O
the	O
Contras	B-ORG
not	O
initiate	O
any	O
military	O
action	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
's	O
threat	O
to	O
breach	O
the	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
comes	O
as	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
were	O
acknowledging	O
that	O
the	O
Contras	B-ORG
have	O
at	O
times	O
violated	O
it	O
themselves	O
.	O


Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
James	B-PERSON
Baker	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
accompanied	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
to	O
Costa	B-GPE
Rica	I-GPE
,	O
told	O
reporters	O
Friday	B-DATE
:	O
``	O
I	O
have	O
no	O
reason	O
to	O
deny	O
reports	O
that	O
some	O
Contras	B-ORG
ambushed	O
some	O
Sandinista	B-NORP
soldiers	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Baker	B-PERSON
's	O
assistant	O
for	O
inter-American	B-NORP
affairs	O
,	O
Bernard	B-PERSON
Aronson	I-PERSON
,	O
while	O
maintaining	O
that	O
the	O
Sandinistas	B-NORP
had	O
also	O
broken	O
the	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
,	O
acknowledged	O
:	O
``	O
It	O
's	O
never	O
very	O
clear	O
who	O
starts	O
what	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
added	O
that	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
has	O
cut	O
off	O
aid	O
to	O
some	O
rebel	O
units	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
determined	O
that	O
those	O
units	O
broke	O
the	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
undermining	O
arguments	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
ending	O
Contra	B-ORG
aid	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
's	O
remarks	O
also	O
played	O
to	O
the	O
suspicions	O
of	O
some	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
and	O
conservatives	B-NORP
outside	O
the	O
government	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
searching	O
for	O
ways	O
to	O
manipulate	O
or	O
void	O
the	O
February	B-DATE
elections	O
.	O


Administration	O
officials	O
traveling	O
with	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
in	O
Costa	B-GPE
Rica	I-GPE
interpreted	O
Mr.	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
's	O
wavering	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
n't	O
responding	O
to	O
the	O
military	O
attacks	O
so	O
much	O
as	O
he	O
is	O
searching	O
for	O
ways	O
to	O
strengthen	O
his	O
hand	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
elections	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Abrams	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Ortega	B-PERSON
is	O
seeking	O
to	O
demobilize	O
the	O
Contras	B-ORG
prior	O
to	O
the	O
elections	O
to	O
remove	O
any	O
pressure	O
to	O
hold	O
fair	O
elections	O
.	O


``	O
My	O
sense	O
is	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
in	O
mind	O
is	O
an	O
excuse	O
for	O
clamping	O
down	O
on	O
campaigning	O
''	O
by	O
creating	O
an	O
atmosphere	O
of	O
a	O
military	O
emergency	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


A	O
frozen	O
mountaintop	O
in	O
Tibet	B-GPE
may	O
offer	O
an	O
important	O
clue	O
about	O
whether	O
the	O
Earth	B-LOC
is	O
warming	O
perilously	O
.	O


Researchers	O
at	O
Ohio	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
and	O
Lanzhou	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Glaciology	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Geocryology	I-ORG
in	O
China	B-GPE
have	O
analyzed	O
samples	O
of	O
glacial	O
ice	O
in	O
Tibet	B-GPE
and	O
say	O
temperatures	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
significantly	O
higher	O
on	O
average	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
than	O
in	O
any	O
similar	O
period	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
10,000	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
ice	O
samples	O
are	O
an	O
important	O
piece	O
of	O
evidence	O
supporting	O
theories	O
that	O
the	O
Earth	B-LOC
has	O
warmed	O
considerably	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
times	I-DATE
,	O
largely	O
because	O
of	O
pollutants	O
in	O
the	O
air	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
warm	O
far	O
more	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
century	I-DATE
ahead	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
substantial	O
warming	O
would	O
melt	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
Earth	B-LOC
's	O
polar	O
ice	O
caps	O
,	O
raising	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
oceans	O
and	O
causing	O
widespread	O
flooding	O
of	O
heavily	O
populated	O
coastal	O
areas	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
you	O
can	O
use	O
data	O
to	O
reconstruct	O
what	O
happened	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
much	O
more	O
confidence	O
in	O
predictions	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Lonnie	B-PERSON
Thompson	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
research	O
scientist	O
at	O
Ohio	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
who	O
dug	O
for	O
and	O
analyzed	O
the	O
ice	O
samples	O
.	O


To	O
compare	O
temperatures	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
10,000	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
researchers	O
analyzed	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
concentrations	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
forms	O
of	O
oxygen	O
.	O


These	O
measurements	O
can	O
indicate	O
temperature	O
changes	O
,	O
researchers	O
said	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
rates	O
of	O
evaporation	O
of	O
these	O
oxygen	O
atoms	O
differ	O
as	O
temperatures	O
change	O
.	O


Analysis	O
of	O
ice	O
from	O
the	B-LOC
Dunde	I-LOC
ice	I-LOC
cap	I-LOC
,	O
a	O
glacial	O
plateau	O
in	O
Tibet	B-GPE
17,000	B-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
above	O
sea	O
level	O
,	O
show	O
that	O
average	O
temperatures	O
were	O
higher	O
in	O
1937-87	B-DATE
than	O
in	O
any	B-DATE
other	I-DATE
50	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
period	O
since	O
before	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
Ice	I-DATE
Age	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Thompson	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


Some	O
climate	O
models	O
project	O
that	O
interior	O
regions	O
of	O
Asia	B-LOC
would	O
be	O
among	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
heat	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
global	O
warming	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
far	O
from	O
oceans	O
,	O
which	O
moderate	O
temperature	O
changes	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
ice	O
-	O
core	O
samples	O
are	O
n't	O
definitive	O
proof	O
that	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
greenhouse	O
effect	O
will	O
lead	O
to	O
further	O
substantial	O
global	O
heating	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Thompson	B-PERSON
acknowledged	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
greenhouse	O
theories	O
,	O
increased	O
carbon	O
dioxide	O
emissions	O
,	O
largely	O
caused	O
by	O
burning	O
of	O
fossil	O
fuels	O
,	O
will	O
cause	O
the	O
Earth	B-LOC
to	O
warm	O
up	O
because	O
carbon	O
dioxide	O
prevents	O
heat	O
from	O
escaping	O
into	O
space	O
.	O


Skeptics	O
say	O
that	O
if	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
temperatures	O
should	O
have	O
risen	O
fairly	O
uniformly	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
reflecting	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
carbon	O
dioxide	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
the	O
Dunde	B-LOC
ice	O
-	O
core	O
record	O
shows	O
increasing	O
temperatures	O
from	O
1900	B-DATE
through	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
early	I-DATE
1950s	I-DATE
,	O
decreasing	O
temperatures	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1950s	I-DATE
through	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
mid-1970s	I-DATE
,	O
then	O
higher	O
temperatures	O
again	O
through	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Other	O
temperature	O
data	O
show	O
similar	O
unexplained	O
swings	O
.	O


``	O
Climate	O
varies	O
drastically	O
due	O
to	O
natural	O
causes	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Thompson	B-PERSON
.	O


But	O
he	O
said	O
ice	O
samples	O
from	O
Peru	B-GPE
,	O
Greenland	B-GPE
and	O
Antarctica	B-LOC
all	O
show	O
substantial	O
signs	O
of	O
warming	O
.	O


Sam	B-PERSON
Ramirez	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
men	O
are	O
late	O
.	O


They	O
pile	O
out	O
of	O
their	O
truck	O
and	O
furiously	O
begin	O
twisting	O
together	O
steel	O
pipes	O
linking	O
a	O
giant	O
storage	O
tank	O
to	O
the	O
Sharpshooter	B-FAC
,	O
a	O
freshly	O
drilled	O
oil	O
well	O
two	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
deep	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
finish	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Sharpshooter	B-FAC
can	O
pump	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
roustabout	O
,	O
hanging	O
by	O
his	O
hands	O
from	O
a	O
ladder	O
,	O
bounces	O
his	O
weight	O
on	O
a	O
three	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
wrench	O
to	O
loosen	O
a	O
stuck	O
fitting	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
've	O
been	O
putting	O
in	O
long	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Ramirez	B-PERSON
says	O
--	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
and	O
13	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
days	B-DATE
for	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


A	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
almost	O
nothing	O
was	O
happening	O
amid	O
these	O
desolate	O
dunes	O
,	O
``	O
you	O
'd	O
spend	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
working	O
and	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
yard	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
recalls	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
nightmare	O
of	O
uncertain	O
oil	O
prices	O
,	O
draconian	O
budget	O
cuts	O
and	O
sweeping	O
layoffs	O
,	O
fear	O
is	O
finally	O
leaving	O
the	O
oil	O
patch	O
.	O


Independent	O
drillers	O
are	O
gingerly	O
sinking	O
bits	O
into	O
the	O
Earth	B-LOC
's	O
crust	O
again	O
.	O


Some	O
in	O
Big	O
Oil	O
are	O
easing	O
the	O
grip	O
on	O
their	O
wallets	O
.	O


Investment	O
capital	O
is	O
creeping	O
back	O
,	O
and	O
oil	O
properties	O
are	O
fetching	O
more	O
.	O


Oil	O
-	O
tool	O
prices	O
are	O
even	O
edging	O
up	O
.	O


What	O
happened	O
?	O


In	O
broadest	O
terms	O
,	O
stability	O
has	O
quietly	O
settled	O
into	O
international	O
oil	O
markets	O
.	O


Mideast	B-LOC
politics	O
have	O
calmed	O
down	O
and	O
the	O
squabbling	O
within	O
the	B-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Exporting	I-ORG
Countries	I-ORG
seems	O
under	O
control	O
for	O
now	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
fundamentals	O
of	O
supply	O
and	O
demand	O
once	O
again	O
are	O
setting	O
oil	O
prices	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Victor	B-PERSON
Burk	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
Arthur	B-ORG
Andersen	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
oil	O
expert	O
.	O


After	O
years	B-DATE
of	O
wild	O
swings	O
,	O
oil	O
prices	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
12	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
have	O
settled	O
at	O
around	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
15	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
a	O
barrel	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
n't	O
the	O
$	O
40	B-MONEY
that	O
delighted	O
producers	O
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
or	O
the	O
$	O
10	B-MONEY
that	O
pleased	O
users	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
high	O
enough	O
to	O
prod	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
future	O
supplies	O
,	O
low	O
enough	O
to	O
promote	O
consumption	O
and	O
,	O
most	O
important	O
,	O
steady	O
enough	O
for	O
both	O
producers	O
and	O
users	O
to	O
believe	O
in	O
.	O


Not	O
that	O
oil	O
suddenly	O
is	O
a	O
sure	O
thing	O
again	O
.	O


The	O
current	O
equilibrium	O
is	O
fragile	O
and	O
depends	O
on	O
steady	O
,	O
strong	O
demand	O
and	O
continued	O
relative	O
harmony	O
within	O
OPEC	B-ORG
,	O
producer	O
of	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
non-Communist	B-NORP
world	O
's	O
crude	O
.	O


A	O
recession	O
or	O
new	O
OPEC	B-ORG
blowup	O
could	O
put	O
oil	O
markets	O
right	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
soup	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
stirrings	O
are	O
faint	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
question	O
their	O
extent	O
.	O


Drilling	O
activity	O
is	O
still	O
far	O
below	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
hiring	O
surge	O
and	O
some	O
companies	O
continue	O
to	O
shrink	O
.	O


With	O
all	O
this	O
,	O
even	O
the	O
most	O
wary	O
oil	O
men	O
agree	O
something	O
has	O
changed	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
does	O
n't	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
getting	O
worse	O
.	O


That	O
in	O
itself	O
has	O
got	O
to	O
cause	O
people	O
to	O
feel	O
a	O
little	O
more	O
optimistic	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Glenn	B-PERSON
Cox	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
Phillips	B-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


Though	O
modest	O
,	O
the	O
change	O
reaches	O
beyond	O
the	O
oil	O
patch	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


The	O
same	O
roller	O
-	O
coaster	O
prices	O
that	O
halted	O
U.S.	B-GPE
oil	O
exploration	O
and	O
drove	O
many	O
veteran	O
oil	O
men	O
and	O
companies	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
also	O
played	O
havoc	O
with	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
inflation	O
rate	O
,	O
the	O
trade	O
deficit	O
and	O
oil	O
users	O
'	O
corporate	O
and	O
personal	O
budgets	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
some	O
predictability	O
has	O
returned	O
,	O
for	O
everyone	O
from	O
economists	O
to	O
motorists	O
.	O


Corporate	O
planners	O
can	O
plan	O
again	O
.	O


``	O
Management	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
surprises	O
,	O
''	O
notes	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Zaves	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
,	O
as	O
fuel	O
-	O
services	O
director	O
at	O
American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
,	O
buys	O
some	B-QUANTITY
2.4	I-QUANTITY
billion	I-QUANTITY
gallons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
jet	O
fuel	O
a	O
year	O
.	O


Prices	O
had	O
been	O
so	O
unstable	O
that	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
Mr.	O
Zaves	B-PERSON
gave	O
up	O
on	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
forecasts	O
.	O


And	O
consumers	O
``	O
should	O
be	O
comfortable	O
,	O
''	O
adds	O
W.	B-PERSON
Henson	I-PERSON
Moore	I-PERSON
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
deputy	O
secretary	O
of	O
energy	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
anything	O
on	O
the	O
horizon	O
that	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
precipitous	O
rise	O
in	O
the	O
price	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
catalyst	O
for	O
all	O
this	O
has	O
been	O
OPEC	B-ORG
.	O


About	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
ended	O
an	O
on	O
-	O
again	O
,	O
off	O
-	O
again	O
internal	O
production	O
war	O
that	O
had	O
put	O
prices	O
on	O
a	O
roller	O
coaster	O
and	O
pitched	O
oil	O
towns	O
from	O
Houston	B-GPE
to	O
Caracas	B-GPE
into	O
recession	O
.	O


Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
,	O
OPEC	B-ORG
's	O
kingpin	O
,	O
abandoned	O
a	O
policy	O
of	O
flooding	O
the	O
market	O
to	O
punish	O
quota	O
-	O
cheaters	O
.	O


About	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
same	I-DATE
time	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Iran	B-GPE
-	O
Iraq	O
war	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
roiling	O
oil	O
markets	O
,	O
ended	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
global	O
petroleum	O
demand	O
has	O
been	O
climbing	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
projected	O
to	O
keep	O
growing	O
by	O
a	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
,	O
or	O
up	B-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
annually	B-DATE
,	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
to	O
come	O
.	O


For	O
OPEC	B-ORG
,	O
that	O
's	O
ideal	O
.	O


The	O
resulting	O
firm	O
prices	O
and	O
stability	O
``	O
will	O
allow	O
both	O
producers	O
and	O
consumers	O
to	O
plan	O
confidently	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Saudi	B-NORP
Arabian	I-NORP
Oil	O
Minister	O
Hisham	B-PERSON
Nazer	I-PERSON
.	O


OPEC	B-ORG
Secretary	O
-	O
General	O
Subroto	B-PERSON
explains	O
:	O
Consumers	O
offer	O
security	O
of	O
markets	O
,	O
while	O
OPEC	B-ORG
provides	O
security	O
of	O
supply	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
an	O
opportune	O
time	O
to	O
find	O
mutual	O
ways	O
-LCB-	O
to	O
prevent	O
-RCB-	O
price	O
shocks	O
from	O
happening	O
again	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


To	O
promote	O
this	O
balance	O
,	O
OPEC	B-ORG
now	O
is	O
finally	O
confronting	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
simmering	O
internal	O
problem	O
.	O


At	O
its	O
November	B-DATE
meeting	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
try	O
to	O
revise	O
its	O
quotas	O
to	O
satisfy	O
Persian	B-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
members	O
that	O
can	O
produce	O
far	O
more	O
oil	O
than	O
their	O
allotments	O
.	O


Being	O
held	O
well	O
below	O
capacity	O
greatly	O
irritates	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
widespread	O
cheating	O
.	O


OPEC	B-ORG
has	O
repeatedly	O
raised	O
its	O
self	O
-	O
imposed	O
production	O
ceiling	O
to	O
legitimize	O
some	O
of	O
that	O
unauthorized	O
output	O
.	O


Oil	O
ministers	O
now	O
hope	O
to	O
solve	O
the	O
issue	O
for	O
good	O
through	O
an	O
Iranian	B-NORP
proposal	O
that	O
gives	O
a	O
larger	O
share	O
of	O
output	O
to	O
countries	O
with	O
surplus	O
capacity	O
and	O
reduces	O
the	O
shares	O
of	O
those	O
that	O
ca	O
n't	O
produce	O
more	O
anyway	O
.	O


But	O
``	O
if	O
they	O
walk	O
out	O
without	O
any	O
effort	O
to	O
resolve	O
their	O
problem	O
,	O
production	O
could	O
increase	O
to	O
23	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
or	O
24	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
,	O
making	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
very	I-DATE
troublesome	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
warns	O
Nordine	B-PERSON
Ait	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Laoussine	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
consultant	O
and	O
former	O
Algerian	B-NORP
OPEC	B-ORG
delegate	O
.	O


That	O
would	O
send	O
prices	O
plummeting	O
from	O
what	O
some	O
gun	O
-	O
shy	O
U.S.	B-GPE
oil	O
executives	O
still	O
regard	O
as	O
too	O
low	O
a	O
level	O
.	O


Patrick	B-PERSON
J	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON
Early	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Amoco	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
oil	O
-	O
production	O
unit	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
despite	O
recent	O
stability	O
,	O
he	O
plans	O
continued	O
tightening	O
of	O
costs	O
and	O
exploration	O
spending	O
.	O


The	O
view	O
of	O
some	O
others	O
in	O
Big	B-ORG
Oil	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
maintains	O
,	O
``	O
is	O
very	O
much	O
-LCB-	O
similar	O
to	O
-RCB-	O
Amoco	B-ORG
's	O
outlook	O
.	O
''	O


Just	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
Mobil	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
disclosed	O
new	O
cutbacks	O
in	O
its	O
domestic	O
exploration	O
and	O
production	O
operations	O
.	O


Out	O
here	O
on	O
the	B-LOC
Querecho	I-LOC
Plains	I-LOC
of	O
New	B-GPE
Mexico	I-GPE
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
mood	O
is	O
more	O
upbeat	O
;	O
trucks	O
rumble	O
along	O
the	O
dusty	O
roads	O
and	O
burly	O
men	O
in	O
hard	O
hats	O
sweat	O
and	O
swear	O
through	O
the	O
afternoon	B-TIME
sun	O
.	O


Santa	B-ORG
Fe	I-ORG
Energy	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
Santa	B-ORG
Fe	I-ORG
Southern	I-ORG
Pacific	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
bought	O
from	O
Amoco	B-ORG
the	O
rights	O
that	O
allowed	O
it	O
to	O
drill	O
the	O
Sharpshooter	B-FAC
.	O


A	B-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
and	I-QUANTITY
a	I-QUANTITY
half	I-QUANTITY
away	O
looms	O
the	O
150	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
tall	I-QUANTITY
rig	O
of	O
the	O
Sniper	B-FAC
,	O
due	O
to	O
be	O
pumping	O
by	O
December	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
Talk	O
is	O
that	O
everybody	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
drill	O
more	O
wells	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
foreman	O
Tommy	B-PERSON
Folsom	I-PERSON
.	O


Santa	B-ORG
Fe	I-ORG
aims	O
to	O
drill	O
about	B-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
wells	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
in	O
1989	B-DATE
and	O
double	O
that	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
is	O
more	O
aggressive	O
than	O
most	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
the	O
only	O
company	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
attitude	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
found	O
when	O
it	O
went	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
partner	O
for	O
the	O
Sharpshooter	B-FAC
.	O


``	O
We	O
went	O
to	O
six	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
over	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
pitching	O
the	O
prospect	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Tim	B-PERSON
Parker	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Santa	B-ORG
Fe	I-ORG
exploration	O
manager	O
.	O


``	O
Five	B-CARDINAL
were	O
interested	O
.	O
''	O


Mitchell	B-ORG
Energy	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
became	O
the	O
partner	O
,	O
ponying	O
up	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
$	O
600,000	B-MONEY
in	O
drilling	O
and	O
start	O
-	O
up	O
costs	O
.	O


Mitchell	B-ORG
will	O
get	O
a	O
half	B-CARDINAL
-	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
oil	O
.	O


``	O
A	O
kind	O
of	O
no	O
-	O
mistakes	O
mentality	O
''	O
had	O
been	O
stifling	O
activity	O
,	O
says	O
Don	B-PERSON
Covey	I-PERSON
,	O
Mitchell	B-ORG
's	O
oil	O
exploration	O
chief	O
.	O


Now	O
``	O
everybody	O
is	O
a	O
lot	O
more	O
optimistic	O
.	O
''	O


One	B-CARDINAL
attraction	O
for	O
oil	O
operators	O
here	O
and	O
in	O
other	O
fields	O
is	O
the	O
bargain	O
-	O
basement	O
cost	O
of	O
drilling	O
and	O
equipment	O
,	O
reflecting	O
service	O
companies	O
'	O
hunger	O
for	O
work	O
.	O


Kadane	B-ORG
Oil	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
small	O
Texas	B-GPE
independent	O
,	O
is	O
currently	O
drilling	O
two	B-CARDINAL
wells	O
itself	O
and	O
putting	O
money	O
into	O
three	B-CARDINAL
others	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
wells	O
,	O
in	O
southwestern	O
Oklahoma	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
a	O
``	O
rank	O
wildcat	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
risky	O
well	O
where	O
oil	O
previously	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
found	O
.	O


``	O
At	O
this	O
price	O
,	O
$	O
18	B-MONEY
plus	O
or	O
minus	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
costs	O
being	O
significantly	O
less	O
than	O
they	O
were	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
economics	O
are	O
pretty	O
good	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
George	B-PERSON
Kadane	I-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
stability	O
in	O
price	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
do	O
things	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
volatility	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O
''	O


The	O
activity	O
is	O
enough	O
to	O
move	O
some	O
oil	O
-	O
service	O
prices	O
back	O
up	O
a	O
little	O
.	O


Some	O
drill	O
-	O
bit	O
prices	O
have	O
risen	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	B-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
of	I-LOC
Mexico	I-LOC
,	O
a	O
boat	O
to	O
deliver	O
supplies	O
to	O
offshore	O
rigs	O
now	O
costs	O
around	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
3,000	I-MONEY
a	O
day	O
,	O
up	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
60	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
since	O
June	B-DATE
.	O


Some	O
service	O
boats	O
recently	O
were	O
auctioned	O
for	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.7	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
each	O
,	O
up	O
from	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


At	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
slump	O
,	O
Schlumberger	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
was	O
discounting	O
75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
on	O
an	O
electronic	O
evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
well	O
;	O
now	O
it	O
discounts	O
about	B-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
drillers	O
say	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
money	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
.	O


Most	O
oil	O
companies	O
,	O
when	O
they	O
set	O
exploration	O
and	O
production	O
budgets	O
for	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
forecast	O
revenue	O
of	O
$	O
15	B-MONEY
for	O
each	O
barrel	O
of	O
crude	O
produced	O
.	O


Prices	O
have	O
averaged	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
a	O
barrel	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
--	O
not	O
a	O
windfall	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
least	O
a	O
pleasant	O
bonus	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
Dun	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Bradstreet	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
survey	O
,	O
companies	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
refusing	O
to	O
spend	O
even	O
their	O
very	O
conservative	O
budgets	O
may	O
loosen	O
up	O
before	O
year	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
says	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
those	O
surveyed	O
report	O
that	O
1989	B-DATE
exploration	O
spending	O
will	O
exceed	O
1988	B-DATE
's	O
.	O


Funds	O
for	O
drilling	O
may	O
inch	O
up	O
more	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
if	O
oil	O
prices	O
stay	O
stable	O
.	O


Texaco	B-ORG
,	O
thinking	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
18	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
19	I-MONEY
oil	O
for	O
1990	B-DATE
,	O
may	O
raise	O
spending	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
low	O
-	O
risk	O
prospects	O
,	O
an	O
official	O
says	O
.	O


Outside	O
investors	O
,	O
scarce	O
since	O
'86	B-DATE
,	O
are	O
edging	O
back	O
.	O


Although	O
``	O
it	O
's	O
still	O
difficult	O
to	O
raise	O
money	O
for	O
a	O
pure	O
wildcat	O
program	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
William	B-PERSON
Thomas	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Texas	B-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
official	O
in	O
Houston	B-GPE
,	O
``	O
institutions	O
are	O
starting	O
to	O
see	O
there	O
are	O
cycles	O
to	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
one	O
is	O
beginning	O
to	O
turn	O
.	O
''	O


Wall	O
Street	O
generally	O
likes	O
the	O
industry	O
again	O
.	O


The	O
appetite	O
for	O
oil	O
-	O
service	O
stocks	O
has	O
been	O
especially	O
strong	O
,	O
although	O
some	O
got	O
hit	O
yesterday	B-DATE
when	O
Shearson	B-ORG
Lehman	I-ORG
Hutton	I-ORG
cut	O
its	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
investment	O
ratings	O
on	O
them	O
.	O


Contractors	O
such	O
as	O
Parker	B-ORG
Drilling	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
are	O
raising	O
cash	O
again	O
through	O
stock	O
offerings	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
years	B-DATE
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
oil	O
-	O
service	O
companies	O
recently	O
went	O
public	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
They	O
are	O
Grace	B-ORG
Energy	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	O
Dallas	B-GPE
and	O
Marine	B-ORG
Drilling	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	O
Houston	B-GPE
.	O
-RRB-	O


Most	O
oil	O
companies	O
are	O
still	O
reluctant	O
to	O
add	O
to	O
the	O
office	O
and	O
professional	O
staffs	O
they	O
slashed	O
so	O
deeply	O
.	O


But	O
a	O
few	O
new	O
spots	O
are	O
opening	O
.	O


Arthur	B-ORG
Andersen	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
accounting	O
firm	O
,	O
has	O
increased	O
its	O
energy	O
staff	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Out	O
in	O
the	O
oil	O
fields	O
,	O
if	O
activity	O
picks	O
up	O
much	O
more	O
,	O
shortages	O
could	O
appear	O
because	O
so	O
many	O
roughnecks	O
,	O
roustabouts	O
and	O
others	O
left	O
after	O
the	O
crash	O
.	O


Already	O
``	O
it	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
get	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
so	O
busy	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Santa	B-ORG
Fe	I-ORG
drilling	O
foreman	O
here	O
.	O


For	O
most	O
field	O
workers	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
about	O
time	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Ramirez	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
arrived	O
late	O
at	O
the	O
Sharpshooter	B-FAC
with	O
his	O
crew	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
started	O
early	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
setting	O
up	O
tanks	O
at	O
another	O
site	O
,	O
just	O
got	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
raise	O
he	O
can	O
remember	O
in	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
to	O
$	O
8.50	B-MONEY
an	O
hour	O
from	O
$	O
8	B-MONEY
.	O


Norman	B-PERSON
Young	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
``	O
mud	O
-	O
logger	O
''	O
at	O
the	O
Sniper	B-FAC
well	O
,	O
has	O
worked	O
all	O
but	O
about	B-DATE
nine	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
``	O
I	O
was	O
off	O
a	B-DATE
straight	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
then	O
one	B-CARDINAL
time	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
and	O
another	O
two	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Butch	B-PERSON
McCarty	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
sells	O
oil	O
-	O
field	O
equipment	O
for	O
Davis	B-ORG
Tool	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
also	O
busy	O
.	O


A	O
native	O
of	O
the	O
area	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
back	O
now	O
after	O
riding	O
the	O
oil	O
-	O
field	O
boom	O
to	O
the	O
top	O
,	O
then	O
surviving	O
the	O
bust	O
running	O
an	O
Oklahoma	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
convenience	O
store	O
.	O


``	O
First	B-ORDINAL
year	O
I	O
came	O
back	O
there	O
was	O
n't	O
any	O
work	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
back	O
now	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
a	O
boom	O
again	O
.	O


No	O
major	O
booms	O
,	O
no	O
major	O
setbacks	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
predicts	O
.	O


Business	O
has	O
been	O
good	O
enough	O
that	O
he	O
just	O
took	O
a	O
spur	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
moment	O
weekend	B-DATE
trip	O
to	O
the	O
mountain	O
area	O
of	O
Cloudcroft	B-LOC
,	O
something	O
``	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
done	O
in	O
years	B-DATE
.	O
''	O


The	O
figures	O
confirm	O
that	O
there	O
certainly	O
is	O
n't	O
any	O
drilling	O
boom	O
.	O


Only	B-CARDINAL
14,505	I-CARDINAL
wells	O
,	O
including	O
4,900	B-CARDINAL
dry	O
holes	O
,	O
were	O
drilled	O
for	O
oil	O
and	O
natural	O
gas	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
nine	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
down	O
22.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
the	O
like	O
1988	B-DATE
period	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
was	O
off	O
less	O
than	O
at	O
midyear	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
completions	O
lagged	O
by	O
27.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


And	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
rigs	O
active	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
is	O
inching	O
up	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Baker	B-ORG
Hughes	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
992	B-CARDINAL
rotary	O
rigs	O
were	O
at	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
up	O
from	O
the	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
count	O
of	O
933	B-CARDINAL
.	O


-LRB-	O
In	O
1981	B-DATE
,	O
before	O
the	O
bust	O
,	O
the	O
rig	O
count	O
was	O
above	O
4,000	B-CARDINAL
.	O
-RRB-	O


Global	O
offshore	O
-	O
rig	O
use	O
shows	O
a	O
similar	O
upward	O
trend	O
.	O


Some	O
equipment	O
going	O
to	O
work	O
is	O
almost	O
new	O
.	O


Grace	B-ORG
Energy	I-ORG
just	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
hauled	O
a	O
rig	O
here	O
500	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
from	O
Caspar	B-GPE
,	O
Wyo.	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
drill	O
the	O
Bilbrey	B-FAC
well	O
,	O
a	O
15,000	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
,	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
plus	I-MONEY
natural	O
gas	O
well	O
.	O


The	O
rig	O
was	O
built	O
around	O
1980	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
has	O
drilled	O
only	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
wells	O
,	O
the	O
last	O
in	O
1982	B-DATE
.	O


Until	O
now	O
it	O
had	O
sat	O
idle	O
.	O


For	O
Zel	B-PERSON
Herring	I-PERSON
,	O
owner	O
and	O
a	O
cook	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Sandhills	I-ORG
Luncheon	I-ORG
Cafe	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
tin	O
building	O
in	O
midtown	O
,	O
all	O
this	O
has	O
made	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
very	I-DATE
good	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


After	O
11:30	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
or	O
so	O
``	O
we	O
have	O
them	O
standing	O
and	O
waiting	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
says	O
,	O
as	O
she	O
whips	O
out	O
orders	O
for	O
hamburgers	O
and	O
the	O
daily	B-DATE
special	O
-LRB-	O
grilled	O
roast	O
beef	O
,	O
cheese	O
and	O
jalapeno	O
pepper	O
sandwich	O
on	O
whole	O
wheat	O
,	O
potato	O
salad	O
,	O
baked	O
beans	O
and	O
pudding	O
,	O
plus	O
coffee	O
or	O
iced	O
tea	O
.	O


Price	O
:	O
$	O
4.50	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
.	O


Mike	B-PERSON
Huber	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
roustabout	O
,	O
is	O
even	O
making	O
it	O
in	O
his	O
new	O
career	O
as	O
an	O
entrepreneur	O
.	O


He	O
started	O
Arrow	B-ORG
Roustabouts	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
with	O
a	O
loan	O
from	O
a	O
friend	O
,	O
since	O
repaid	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
employs	O
15	B-CARDINAL
.	O


He	O
got	O
three	B-CARDINAL
trucks	O
and	O
a	O
backhoe	O
cheap	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
add	O
one	B-CARDINAL
more	O
truck	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Huber	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


I	O
sense	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
grow	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
word	O
.	O


The	O
word	O
is	O
out	O
.	O


Environmental	O
concerns	O
are	O
beginning	O
to	O
have	O
as	O
much	O
influence	O
in	O
oil	O
-	O
industry	O
spending	O
plans	O
as	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
crude	O
does	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Exxon	I-EVENT
Valdez	I-EVENT
spill	I-EVENT
in	O
March	B-DATE
,	O
new	O
governmental	O
drilling	O
bans	O
are	O
sharply	O
curtailing	O
exploration	O
in	O
promising	O
locations	O
offshore	O
and	O
in	O
Alaska	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
moves	O
toward	O
tighter	O
air	O
-	O
quality	O
standards	O
are	O
spurring	O
interest	O
in	O
lighter	O
or	O
alternative	O
fuels	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
pollute	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
fuel	O
refined	O
from	O
``	O
heavy	O
''	O
crudes	O
,	O
generally	O
high	O
in	O
sulfur	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
stream	O
of	O
oil	O
has	O
been	O
growing	O
heavier	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
scramble	O
is	O
on	O
for	O
lighter	O
crudes	O
globally	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
natural	O
gas	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


Recently	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
and	O
Venezuela	B-GPE
,	O
traditional	O
heavy	O
-	O
crude	O
producers	O
,	O
have	O
boasted	O
of	O
new	O
finds	O
of	O
light	O
,	O
low	O
-	O
sulfur	O
oil	O
by	O
their	O
national	O
oil	O
companies	O
.	O


Venezuela	B-GPE
has	O
also	O
earmarked	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
new	O
money	O
for	O
light	O
-	O
crude	O
exploration	O
.	O


And	O
some	O
oil	O
companies	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
lock	O
in	O
future	O
supplies	O
.	O


Typical	O
is	O
Ente	B-ORG
Nazionale	I-ORG
Idrocarburi	I-ORG
,	O
Italy	B-GPE
's	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
energy	O
company	O
,	O
which	O
not	O
long	O
ago	O
acquired	O
through	O
its	O
AGIP	B-ORG
oil	O
subsidiary	O
a	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
share	O
in	O
the	O
consortium	O
accounting	O
for	O
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Nigeria	B-GPE
's	O
oil	O
output	O
.	O


AGIP	B-ORG
already	O
has	O
an	O
oil	O
stake	O
in	O
Libya	B-GPE
.	O


Both	O
countries	O
produce	O
high	O
-	O
quality	O
,	O
low	O
-	O
sulfur	O
crudes	O
especially	O
suited	O
to	O
making	O
high	O
-	O
octane	O
motor	O
fuel	O
at	O
minimum	O
refining	O
cost	O
.	O


Franco	B-PERSON
Reviglio	I-PERSON
,	O
ENI	B-ORG
chairman	O
,	O
looks	O
for	O
sweeping	O
structural	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
oil	O
industry	O
--	O
he	O
calls	O
it	O
a	O
``	O
revolution	O
''	O
requiring	O
huge	O
investments	O
--	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
environmental	O
issues	O
.	O


He	O
made	O
a	O
special	O
trip	O
to	O
examine	O
U.S.	B-GPE
environmental	O
trends	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
often	O
followed	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


ENI	B-ORG
needs	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
's	O
coming	O
as	O
it	O
prepares	O
to	O
spend	O
some	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
on	O
upgrading	O
its	O
refineries	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Oil	O
companies	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
will	O
have	O
``	O
to	O
spend	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
for	O
the	O
cleaner	O
fuels	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
required	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
John	B-PERSON
H.	I-PERSON
Lichtblau	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
will	O
go	O
for	O
work	O
ranging	O
from	O
refinery	O
modification	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
distribution	O
system	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
way	O
service	O
stations	O
pump	O
fuel	O
into	O
cars	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
oil	O
had	O
been	O
headed	O
toward	O
environmentally	O
sensitive	O
areas	O
believed	O
to	O
have	O
vast	O
reserves	O
.	O


Alaska	B-GPE
's	O
Arctic	B-LOC
National	I-LOC
Wildlife	I-LOC
Refuge	I-LOC
alone	O
is	O
thought	O
to	O
hide	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
three	I-QUANTITY
billion	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
of	O
oil	O
.	O


Until	O
the	O
tanker	O
spill	O
,	O
Big	O
Oil	O
was	O
slowly	O
convincing	O
authorities	O
it	O
could	O
safely	O
produce	O
from	O
such	O
places	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
wildlife	O
refuge	O
has	O
been	O
closed	O
to	O
the	O
industry	O
,	O
possibly	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
.	O


Similarly	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
companies	O
led	O
by	O
Chevron	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
has	O
been	O
unable	O
to	O
pump	O
oil	O
found	O
off	O
the	O
California	B-GPE
coast	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
huge	O
production	O
system	O
built	O
in	O
the	O
sea	O
off	O
Santa	B-GPE
Barbara	I-GPE
and	O
ashore	O
is	O
sitting	O
idle	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
push	O
for	O
cleaner	O
fuels	O
is	O
increasing	O
the	O
attractiveness	O
of	O
natural	O
gas	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
the	O
domestic	O
drilling	O
now	O
under	O
way	O
is	O
for	O
gas	O
,	O
partly	O
on	O
the	O
assumption	O
that	O
demand	O
will	O
rise	O
for	O
a	O
fuel	O
that	O
is	O
cleaner	O
to	O
burn	O
than	O
either	O
oil	O
or	O
coal	O
.	O


Activity	O
has	O
revived	O
in	O
the	O
largest	O
U.S.	B-GPE
gas	O
-	O
producing	O
regions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
of	I-LOC
Mexico	I-LOC
.	O


Santa	B-ORG
Fe	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
owned	O
by	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
and	O
is	O
n't	O
related	O
to	O
Santa	B-ORG
Fe	I-ORG
Southern	I-ORG
Pacific	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
unit	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
is	O
stepping	O
up	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
well	O
off	O
Texas	B-GPE
'	O
Matagorda	B-GPE
Island	I-GPE
where	O
it	O
found	O
gas	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
We	O
could	O
have	O
sat	O
on	O
it	O
longer	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
impetus	O
is	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
gas	O
to	O
the	O
marketplace	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Poole	I-PERSON
,	O
senior	O
scout	O
for	O
Santa	B-ORG
Fe	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
We	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
it	O
on	O
line	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
now	O
.	O
''	O


This	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
Exxon	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
announced	O
plans	O
for	O
a	O
400	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
project	O
drilling	O
for	O
gas	O
about	B-QUANTITY
five	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
underground	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Anadarko	I-LOC
Basin	I-LOC
of	O
western	O
Oklahoma	B-GPE
--	O
the	O
deepest	O
drilling	O
project	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


Exxon	B-ORG
will	O
use	O
a	O
Parker	B-ORG
Drilling	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
rig	O
built	O
in	O
1981	B-DATE
that	O
can	O
go	O
down	O
9	B-QUANTITY
1/2	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
.	O


On	O
an	O
office	O
wall	O
of	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
intelligence	O
committee	O
hangs	O
a	O
quote	O
from	O
Chairman	O
David	B-PERSON
Boren	I-PERSON
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
hold	O
your	O
ticket	O
'til	O
the	O
show	O
's	O
over	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
once	O
used	O
that	O
line	O
in	O
a	O
closed	O
-	O
door	O
meeting	O
on	O
Panama	B-GPE
,	O
meaning	O
do	O
n't	O
shrink	O
from	O
taking	O
action	O
against	O
Manuel	B-PERSON
Noriega	I-PERSON
.	O


So	O
how	O
did	O
a	O
good	O
senator	O
like	O
this	O
end	O
up	O
approving	O
a	O
policy	O
that	O
required	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
to	O
warn	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
of	O
any	O
coup	O
plot	O
against	O
him	O
?	O


``	O
I	O
agree	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
ridiculous	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
indeed	O
by	O
now	O
ridiculous	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
describe	O
how	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
decides	O
to	O
take	O
--	O
or	O
rather	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
take	O
--	O
covert	O
action	O
.	O


George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
disclosed	O
the	O
policy	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
by	O
reading	O
it	O
to	O
GOP	B-ORG
senators	O
,	O
perhaps	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
shifting	O
blame	O
for	O
the	O
Panama	B-GPE
fiasco	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
.	O


But	O
the	O
broader	O
truth	O
is	O
more	O
complicated	O
--	O
and	O
dismaying	O
.	O


The	O
policy	O
was	O
contained	O
in	O
an	O
exchange	O
of	O
letters	O
last	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
between	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
intelligence	O
committee	O
and	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
and	O
National	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
.	O


Staff	O
lawyers	O
for	O
both	O
sides	O
were	O
busy	O
agreeing	O
with	O
one	O
another	O
about	O
what	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
could	O
not	O
do	O
to	O
oust	O
the	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
thug	O
.	O


They	O
simply	O
got	O
carried	O
away	O
with	O
interpreting	O
what	O
the	O
executive	O
order	O
banning	O
assassinations	O
really	O
meant	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
himself	O
did	O
n't	O
discover	O
the	O
warn	O
-	O
your	O
-	O
enemy	O
nuance	O
until	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
told	O
him	O
privately	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
's	O
ironic	O
that	O
David	B-PERSON
Boren	I-PERSON
should	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
this	O
mire	O
.	O


A	O
former	O
Oklahoma	B-GPE
governor	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
thoughtful	O
defender	O
of	O
presidential	O
powers	O
in	O
foreign	O
policy	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
a	O
rare	O
Democratic	B-NORP
hawk	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
the	O
senator	O
most	O
like	O
Arthur	B-PERSON
Vandenberg	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
GOP	B-ORG
senator	O
from	O
Michigan	B-GPE
who	O
worked	O
to	O
forge	O
a	O
bipartisan	O
foreign	O
policy	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1940s	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
Vandenberg	B-PERSON
and	O
Rayburn	B-PERSON
are	O
heroes	O
of	O
mine	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
referring	O
as	O
well	O
to	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Rayburn	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Democratic	B-NORP
House	B-ORG
speaker	O
who	O
cooperated	O
with	O
President	O
Eisenhower	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
They	O
allowed	O
this	O
country	O
to	O
be	O
credible	O
.	O


I	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
that	O
happen	O
again	O
.	O
''	O


If	O
this	O
were	O
1949	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
might	O
even	O
succeed	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
1989	B-DATE
most	O
senators	O
have	O
other	O
ideas	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
July	I-DATE
,	O
his	O
committee	O
rejected	O
a	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
administration	O
plan	O
to	O
support	O
a	O
coup	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
.	O


Ohio	B-GPE
Democrat	B-NORP
Howard	B-PERSON
Metzenbaum	I-PERSON
refused	O
to	O
support	O
any	O
plan	O
that	O
might	O
get	O
people	O
hurt	O
,	O
a	O
charming	O
notion	O
for	O
a	O
great	O
power	O
.	O


Maine	B-GPE
Republican	B-NORP
William	B-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
said	O
the	O
plan	O
might	O
violate	O
the	O
assassination	O
ban	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
administration	O
dropped	O
it	O
.	O


By	O
October	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
committee	O
rejected	O
a	O
much	O
more	O
modest	O
covert	O
proposal	O
,	O
even	O
the	O
administration	O
was	O
agreeing	O
little	O
should	O
be	O
done	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
think	O
all	O
this	O
influenced	O
the	O
failed	O
coup	O
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
he	O
does	O
concede	O
that	O
Congress	B-ORG
has	O
made	O
mistakes	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
the	O
aftermath	O
of	O
Vietnam	B-EVENT
,	O
in	O
the	O
aftermath	O
of	O
Iran	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Contra	I-EVENT
,	O
I	O
can	O
understand	O
some	O
people	O
might	O
think	O
that	O
if	O
they	O
plan	O
a	O
coup	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
bring	O
their	O
lawyers	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
Mr.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
defends	O
congressional	O
oversight	O
.	O


Writing	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Harvard	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Review	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
says	O
that	O
his	O
committee	O
approves	O
covert	O
operations	O
only	O
when	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
``	O
consensus	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
what	O
does	O
consensus	O
mean	O
?	O


``	O
It	O
does	O
n't	O
mean	O
unanimous	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
insists	O
,	O
though	O
he	O
implies	O
it	O
means	O
a	O
bipartisan	O
majority	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
sustainability	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
foreign	O
policy	O
is	O
essential	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
explains	O
.	O


``	O
Why	O
was	O
containment	O
so	O
successful	O
?	O


Because	O
it	O
had	O
bipartisan	O
support	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
is	O
confusing	O
consensus	O
on	O
general	O
principles	O
with	O
agreement	O
on	O
specific	O
actions	O
.	O


Elliott	B-PERSON
Abrams	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
veteran	O
of	O
intelligence	O
committee	O
debates	O
,	O
doubts	O
that	O
even	O
Grenada	B-EVENT
or	O
the	O
Libyan	B-NORP
raid	O
would	O
have	O
taken	O
place	O
if	O
``	O
consensus	O
''	O
had	O
been	O
required	O
.	O


Vandenberg	B-PERSON
and	O
Rayburn	B-PERSON
were	O
wise	O
enough	O
to	O
leave	O
specific	O
operations	O
to	O
presidents	O
;	O
modern	O
senators	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
notwithstanding	O
,	O
are	O
less	O
modest	O
.	O


The	O
result	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
committee	O
has	O
what	O
amounts	O
to	O
veto	O
power	O
over	O
every	O
covert	O
action	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
say	O
it	O
's	O
quite	O
a	O
veto	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
demurs	O
.	O


But	O
would	O
n't	O
a	O
president	O
who	O
acted	O
despite	O
Senate	B-ORG
objections	O
be	O
taking	O
grave	O
political	O
risks	O
?	O


``	O
He	O
would	O
,	O
''	O
agrees	O
the	O
chairman	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
that	O
is	O
something	O
the	O
president	O
ought	O
to	O
know	O
before	O
he	O
goes	O
ahead	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
even	O
spies	O
a	O
silver	O
lining	O
.	O


He	O
figures	O
the	O
episode	O
will	O
help	O
``	O
clarify	O
any	O
ambiguities	O
''	O
between	O
the	O
committee	O
and	O
administration	O
.	O


He	O
points	O
to	O
a	O
letter	O
on	O
his	O
desk	O
,	O
his	O
second	B-ORDINAL
in	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
from	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
saying	O
that	O
they	O
``	O
do	O
n't	O
disagree	O
.	O
''	O


More	O
broadly	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
hopes	O
that	O
Panama	B-GPE
will	O
shock	O
Washington	B-GPE
out	O
of	O
its	O
fear	O
of	O
using	O
military	O
power	O
.	O


``	O
Maybe	O
this	O
will	O
jolt	O
us	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
post-Vietnam	B-EVENT
syndrome	O
that	O
we	O
never	O
are	O
prepared	O
to	O
use	O
force	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Maybe	O
--	O
if	O
every	O
senator	O
shared	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
as	O
plausible	O
to	O
argue	O
that	O
if	O
even	O
David	B-PERSON
Boren	I-PERSON
can	O
get	O
mired	O
in	O
this	O
sort	O
of	O
mess	O
,	O
the	O
problem	O
goes	O
beyond	O
legal	O
interpretation	O
.	O


Maybe	O
the	O
problem	O
is	O
a	O
political	O
system	O
that	O
wo	O
n't	O
act	O
without	O
an	O
``	O
exchange	O
of	O
letters	O
,	O
''	O
that	O
insists	O
on	O
running	O
foreign	O
policy	O
by	O
committee	O
,	O
that	O
treats	O
a	O
president	O
as	O
just	O
another	O
guy	O
at	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


The	O
reply	O
of	O
the	O
Metzenbaums	B-PERSON
and	O
Cohens	B-PERSON
is	O
that	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
abolish	O
these	O
oversight	O
committees	O
because	O
we	O
've	O
seen	O
too	O
many	O
abuses	O
of	O
executive	O
power	O
.	O


But	O
Panama	B-GPE
illustrates	O
that	O
their	O
substitute	O
is	O
a	O
system	O
that	O
produces	O
an	O
absurd	O
gridlock	O
.	O


The	O
lawyers	O
are	O
now	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
our	O
national	O
security	O
.	O


In	O
Panama	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
interests	O
at	O
stake	O
were	O
happily	O
minor	O
;	O
the	O
only	O
people	O
killed	O
were	O
foreigners	O
hapless	O
enough	O
to	O
trust	O
American	B-NORP
will	O
.	O


Americans	B-NORP
may	O
not	O
be	O
so	O
lucky	O
the	O
next	O
time	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
hungry	O
streets	O
of	O
Naguib	B-PERSON
Mahfouz	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Cairo	B-GPE
,	O
life	O
is	O
nasty	O
,	O
brutish	O
and	O
wickedly	O
entertaining	O
.	O


Zaita	B-PERSON
the	O
``	O
cripple	O
-	O
maker	O
''	O
rearranges	O
the	O
limbs	O
of	O
aspiring	O
beggars	O
--	O
and	O
takes	O
a	O
cut	O
of	O
every	B-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
they	O
cadge	O
.	O


Hassan	B-PERSON
Kamel	I-PERSON
Ali	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
card	O
shark	O
and	O
dope	O
dealer	O
who	O
has	O
a	O
simple	O
creed	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
live	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
,	O
assuming	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
morality	O
,	O
God	O
or	O
police	O
.	O
''	O


For	O
the	O
killer	O
and	O
thief	O
,	O
Said	B-PERSON
Mahran	I-PERSON
,	O
fame	O
flows	O
from	O
the	O
barrel	O
of	O
a	O
gun	O
.	O


``	O
One	B-CARDINAL
man	O
said	O
you	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
stimulant	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
prostitute	O
tells	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
a	O
diversion	O
to	O
relieve	O
people	O
's	O
boredom	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Mahfouz	B-PERSON
's	O
Cairo	B-GPE
also	O
has	O
Sufi	B-NORP
sheiks	O
and	O
saintly	O
wives	O
who	O
look	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
not	O
crime	O
,	O
for	O
their	O
salvation	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
his	O
portrait	O
of	O
Cairo	B-GPE
low	O
-	O
life	O
--	O
of	O
charlatans	O
and	O
opium	O
addicts	O
,	O
of	O
streets	O
filled	O
with	O
``	O
dust	O
,	O
vegetable	O
litter	O
,	O
and	O
animal	O
dung	O
''	O
--	O
that	O
made	O
his	O
reputation	O
,	O
and	O
won	O
him	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Nobel	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
1988	B-DATE
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
novels	O
,	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Beginning	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
End	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
-LRB-	O
412	B-CARDINAL
pages	O
,	O
$	O
19.95	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Thief	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dogs	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
-LRB-	O
158	B-CARDINAL
pages	O
,	O
$	O
16.95	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
Wedding	I-WORK_OF_ART
Song	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
-LRB-	O
174	B-CARDINAL
pages	O
,	O
$	O
16.95	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
recently	O
published	O
by	O
Doubleday	B-ORG
offer	O
an	O
uneven	O
sample	O
of	O
the	O
77	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Mr.	O
Mahfouz	B-PERSON
's	O
talent	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
do	O
show	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
a	O
restless	O
intellect	O
whose	O
30	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
odd	I-CARDINAL
novels	O
span	O
five	B-DATE
decades	I-DATE
and	O
include	O
work	O
of	O
social	O
realism	O
,	O
protest	O
and	O
allegory	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
chart	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
a	O
city	O
that	O
has	O
grown	O
tenfold	O
in	O
the	O
author	O
's	O
lifetime	B-DATE
,	O
from	O
a	O
colonial	O
outpost	B-GPE
of	O
fez	O
-	O
wearing	O
pashas	O
to	O
a	O
Third	O
World	O
slum	O
choking	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
refuse	O
.	O


``	O
Soon	O
it	O
'll	O
be	O
so	O
crowded	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
narrator	O
complains	O
,	O
``	O
that	O
people	O
will	O
start	O
eating	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Beginning	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
End	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
easily	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
,	O
belongs	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Mahfouz	B-PERSON
's	O
``	O
realistic	O
''	O
period	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
for	O
which	O
he	O
is	O
most	O
renowned	O
.	O


Published	O
in	O
1949	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
follows	O
the	O
decline	O
of	O
a	O
Cairo	B-GPE
family	O
with	O
the	O
saga	O
-	O
like	O
sweep	O
and	O
rich	O
detail	O
that	O
critics	O
often	O
compare	O
to	O
Dickens	B-PERSON
,	O
Balzac	B-PERSON
and	O
Galsworthy	B-PERSON
.	O


A	O
minor	O
bureaucrat	O
dies	O
suddenly	O
,	O
dooming	O
his	O
family	O
to	O
poverty	O
and	O
eventual	O
disgrace	O
.	O


His	O
daughter	O
turns	O
to	O
dressmaking	O
,	O
then	O
to	O
peddling	O
herself	O
for	O
a	O
few	O
piasters	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
son	O
sacrifices	O
his	O
own	O
career	O
so	O
that	O
his	O
avaricious	O
brother	O
can	O
succeed	O
,	O
while	O
another	O
helps	O
support	O
the	O
family	O
with	O
money	O
siphoned	O
from	O
crime	O
.	O


The	O
real	O
tragedy	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
lies	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
's	O
circumstances	O
but	O
in	O
its	O
concern	O
for	O
appearances	O
.	O


Mourning	O
for	O
the	O
father	O
is	O
overshadowed	O
by	O
the	O
shame	O
of	O
burying	O
him	O
in	O
a	O
pauper	O
's	O
grave	O
.	O


The	O
family	O
moves	O
to	O
another	O
house	O
at	O
night	B-TIME
to	O
conceal	O
shabby	O
belongings	O
from	O
neighbors	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
successful	O
son	O
wishes	O
his	O
embarrassing	O
siblings	O
dead	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
critique	O
of	O
middle	O
-	O
class	O
mores	O
,	O
the	O
story	O
is	O
heavy	O
-	O
handed	O
.	O


But	O
its	O
unsentimental	O
sketches	O
of	O
Cairo	B-GPE
life	O
are	O
vintage	O
Mahfouz	B-PERSON
.	O


We	O
see	O
,	O
smell	O
and	O
hear	O
slums	O
filled	O
with	O
``	O
the	O
echoes	O
of	O
hawkers	O
advertising	O
their	O
wares	O
interspersed	O
with	O
abusive	O
language	O
,	O
rattling	O
coughs	O
and	O
the	O
sound	O
of	O
people	O
gathering	O
spittle	O
in	O
their	O
throats	O
and	O
spewing	O
into	O
the	O
street	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
we	O
meet	O
engaging	O
crooks	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Hassan	B-PERSON
``	O
the	O
Head	O
,	O
''	O
famed	O
for	O
his	O
head	O
-	O
butting	O
fights	O
,	O
his	O
whoring	O
and	O
his	O
hashish	O
.	O


``	O
`	O
God	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
ordained	O
that	O
I	O
should	O
have	O
earnings	O
,	O
'	O
he	O
tells	O
his	O
worried	O
mother	O
.	O
''	O


Hassan	B-PERSON
comes	O
to	O
a	O
bad	O
end	O
,	O
but	O
so	O
does	O
almost	O
everyone	O
else	O
in	O
the	O
book	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
setting	O
is	O
exotic	O
,	O
the	O
prose	O
is	O
closer	O
to	O
Balzac	B-PERSON
's	O
``	O
Pere	B-WORK_OF_ART
Goriot	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
than	O
it	O
is	O
to	O
``	O
Arabian	B-WORK_OF_ART
Nights	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Mahfouz	B-PERSON
began	O
writing	O
when	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
novelistic	O
tradition	O
in	O
Arabic	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
and	O
he	O
modeled	O
his	O
work	O
on	O
Western	O
classics	O
.	O


In	O
one	B-CARDINAL
sense	O
,	O
this	O
limits	O
him	O
;	O
unlike	O
a	O
writer	O
such	O
as	O
Gabriel	B-PERSON
Garcia	I-PERSON
Marquez	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
a	O
distinctive	O
Latin	B-NORP
voice	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Mahfouz	B-PERSON
's	O
style	O
offers	O
little	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
labeled	O
``	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
.	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
familiarity	O
of	O
his	O
style	O
also	O
makes	O
his	O
work	O
accessible	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
Cairo	B-GPE
come	O
alive	O
for	O
the	O
Western	O
reader	O
as	O
vividly	O
as	O
Dickens	B-PERSON
's	O
London	B-GPE
or	O
Dostoevski	B-PERSON
's	O
St.	B-GPE
Petersburg	I-GPE
.	O


``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Thief	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dogs	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
written	O
in	O
1961	B-DATE
,	O
is	O
a	O
taut	O
,	O
psychological	O
drama	O
,	O
reminiscent	O
of	O
``	O
Crime	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Punishment	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Its	O
antihero	O
,	O
Said	B-PERSON
Mahran	I-PERSON
,	O
is	O
an	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
Raskolnikov	B-PERSON
who	O
seeks	O
nobility	O
in	O
robbing	O
and	O
killing	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
hope	O
and	O
the	O
dream	O
,	O
the	O
redemption	O
of	O
cowards	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
many	O
interior	O
monologues	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
he	O
recalls	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
his	O
Marxist	B-NORP
mentor	O
:	O
``	O
The	O
people	O
!	O
Theft	O
!	O
The	O
holy	O
fire	O
!	O
''	O


Said	B-PERSON
's	O
story	O
reflects	O
the	O
souring	O
of	O
socialism	O
under	O
Nasser	B-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
dictatorial	O
rule	O
replaced	O
the	O
monarchy	O
overthrown	O
in	O
1952	B-DATE
.	O


By	O
1961	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Mahfouz	B-PERSON
's	O
idealism	O
had	O
vanished	O
or	O
become	O
twisted	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
has	O
in	O
Said	B-PERSON
.	O


His	O
giddy	O
dream	O
of	O
redeeming	O
a	O
life	O
of	O
``	O
badly	O
aimed	O
bullets	O
''	O
by	O
punishing	O
the	O
``	O
real	O
robbers	O
''	O
--	O
the	O
rich	O
``	O
dogs	O
''	O
who	O
prey	O
on	O
the	O
poor	O
--	O
leads	O
only	O
to	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
innocents	O
,	O
and	O
eventually	O
to	O
his	O
own	O
.	O


Cairo	B-GPE
's	O
spirited	O
squalor	O
also	O
has	O
gone	O
gray	O
.	O


Here	O
,	O
the	O
city	O
is	O
dark	O
and	O
laden	O
with	O
symbolism	O
:	O
Said	B-PERSON
has	O
left	O
his	O
jail	O
cell	O
only	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
larger	O
prison	O
of	O
Cairo	B-GPE
society	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
theme	O
is	O
compelling	O
,	O
the	O
plot	O
and	O
characters	O
are	O
not	O
.	O


We	O
never	O
care	O
about	O
Said	B-PERSON
or	O
the	O
``	O
hypocrites	O
''	O
he	O
hunts	O
.	O


``	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Thief	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dogs	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
is	O
a	O
pioneering	O
work	O
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
stream	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
consciousness	O
novel	O
in	O
Arabic	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
disappoint	O
Western	O
readers	O
.	O


The	O
1981	B-DATE
novel	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
Wedding	I-WORK_OF_ART
Song	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
also	O
is	O
experimental	O
,	O
and	O
another	O
badly	O
aimed	O
bullet	O
.	O


The	O
story	O
of	O
a	O
playwright	O
's	O
stage	O
debut	O
unfolds	O
in	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
person	O
monologues	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
manner	O
of	O
Faulkner	B-PERSON
's	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Sound	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Fury	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
device	O
obscures	O
more	O
than	O
it	O
illuminates	O
.	O


Buried	O
in	O
the	O
work	O
is	O
a	O
meditation	O
on	O
the	O
morality	O
of	O
art	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
struggle	O
for	O
integrity	O
in	O
an	O
unfair	O
world	O
.	O


But	O
again	O
,	O
the	O
themes	O
get	O
tangled	O
in	O
Mr.	O
Mahfouz	B-PERSON
's	O
elliptical	O
storytelling	O
.	O


The	O
indirectness	O
of	O
his	O
later	O
work	O
reflects	O
both	O
an	O
appetite	O
for	O
new	O
genres	O
and	O
the	O
hazards	O
of	O
art	O
in	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
world	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Mahfouz	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
pilloried	O
and	O
censored	O
for	O
questioning	O
Islam	B-PERSON
and	O
advocating	O
peace	O
with	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


Veiling	O
his	O
message	O
has	O
helped	O
him	O
endure	O
.	O


Art	O
,	O
says	O
the	O
playwright	O
in	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
Wedding	I-WORK_OF_ART
Song	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
is	O
``	O
the	O
surrogate	O
for	O
the	O
action	O
that	O
an	O
idealist	O
like	O
me	O
is	O
unable	O
to	O
take	O
.	O
''	O


``	B-WORK_OF_ART
Wedding	I-WORK_OF_ART
Song	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
gives	O
glimpses	O
of	O
a	O
Cairo	B-GPE
that	O
has	O
become	O
so	O
much	O
harsher	O
since	O
his	O
youth	O
,	O
when	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
once	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
the	O
poorest	O
person	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
find	O
his	O
daily	B-DATE
bread	O
and	O
without	O
great	O
difficulty	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
clutter	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
1940s	I-DATE
remains	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
color	O
has	O
drained	O
away	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
will	O
to	O
overcome	O
has	O
been	O
defeated	O
.	O


Cars	O
ca	O
n't	O
move	O
because	O
of	O
overflowing	O
sewers	O
.	O


Characters	O
complain	O
ceaselessly	O
about	O
food	O
queues	O
,	O
prices	O
and	O
corruption	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
ubiquitous	O
opium	O
addict	O
is	O
now	O
a	O
cynical	O
and	O
selfish	O
man	O
who	O
gripes	O
:	O
``	O
Only	O
government	O
ministers	O
can	O
afford	O
it	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
!	O
''	O


Having	O
lost	O
their	O
faith	O
in	O
God	O
,	O
in	O
social	O
reform	O
and	O
in	O
opium	O
,	O
Cairenes	B-NORP
are	O
left	O
with	O
nothing	O
but	O
their	O
sense	O
of	O
humor	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Horwitz	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
Journal	B-ORG
staff	O
reporter	O
covering	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


An	O
enormous	O
turtle	O
has	O
succeeded	O
where	O
the	O
government	O
has	O
failed	O
:	O
He	O
has	O
made	O
speaking	O
Filipino	B-LANGUAGE
respectable	O
.	O


The	O
6	B-QUANTITY
1/2	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
tall	I-QUANTITY
turtle	O
,	O
Pong	B-PERSON
Pagong	I-PERSON
,	O
is	O
a	O
character	O
who	O
stars	O
in	O
the	O
children	O
's	O
television	O
show	O
``	O
Batibot	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


He	O
speaks	O
only	O
in	O
Filipino	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


``	O
Batibot	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
which	O
started	O
in	O
1983	B-DATE
as	O
a	O
hybrid	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
program	O
``	O
Sesame	B-WORK_OF_ART
Street	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
has	O
developed	O
into	O
a	O
distinctly	O
Philippine	B-NORP
effort	O
.	O


Radio	O
programs	O
and	O
books	O
have	O
followed	O
the	O
daily	B-DATE
television	O
show	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
process	O
,	O
``	O
Batibot	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
an	O
archaic	O
Filipino	B-LANGUAGE
word	O
meaning	O
``	O
strong	O
''	O
or	O
``	O
enduring	O
,	O
''	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
powerful	O
advocate	O
of	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Filipino	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
impresses	O
on	O
ordinary	O
,	O
young	O
Filipinos	B-NORP
that	O
there	O
's	O
nothing	O
to	O
feel	O
inferior	O
about	O
in	O
using	O
their	O
own	O
language	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Randy	B-PERSON
David	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
sociologist	O
and	O
host	O
of	O
a	O
popular	O
television	O
talk	O
show	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
we	O
started	O
the	O
program	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Filipino	B-LANGUAGE
was	O
deemed	O
unwise	O
by	O
the	O
predominantly	O
middle	O
class	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Lydia	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
program	O
's	O
creator	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
she	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
it	O
's	O
no	O
longer	O
an	O
issue	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
success	O
of	O
``	O
Batibot	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
stands	O
in	O
marked	O
contrast	O
to	O
many	O
academic	O
and	O
government	O
attempts	O
to	O
promote	O
Filipino	B-LANGUAGE
as	O
a	O
national	O
language	O
.	O


Filipino	B-LANGUAGE
--	O
once	O
known	O
as	O
Pilipino	B-LANGUAGE
--	O
is	O
predominantly	O
Tagalog	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
the	O
Malay	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
based	O
language	O
spoken	O
in	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
principal	O
island	O
of	O
Luzon	B-LOC
.	O


Resistance	O
to	O
a	O
national	O
language	O
comes	O
primarily	O
from	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
elite	O
,	O
who	O
generally	O
prefer	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


But	O
while	O
better	O
-	O
off	O
Filipinos	B-NORP
are	O
quick	O
to	O
cite	O
the	O
logic	O
in	O
using	O
a	O
language	O
as	O
widespread	O
as	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
they	O
are	O
often	O
slow	O
to	O
reveal	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
prejudiced	O
against	O
Filipino	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
say	O
advocates	O
of	O
the	O
native	O
language	O
.	O


``	O
For	O
the	O
middle	O
and	O
upper	O
-	O
middle	O
class	O
-LCB-	O
Filipino	B-LANGUAGE
-RCB-	O
is	O
declasse	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Bien	B-PERSON
Lumbera	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Philippine	B-NORP
-	O
studies	O
professor	O
at	O
Quezon	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
University	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Philippines	I-ORG
.	O


There	O
's	O
also	O
resentment	O
.	O


Other	O
opponents	O
of	O
Filipino	B-LANGUAGE
come	O
from	O
non-Tagalog	B-LANGUAGE
regions	O
.	O


They	O
argue	O
that	O
their	O
own	O
languages	O
should	O
have	O
equal	O
weight	O
,	O
although	O
recent	O
surveys	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
population	O
understands	O
Filipino	B-LANGUAGE
more	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
language	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


-LRB-	O
There	O
are	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
major	O
languages	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
70	I-CARDINAL
dialects	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


What	O
tongue	O
to	O
speak	O
is	O
an	O
emotional	O
mine	O
field	O
in	O
the	O
Philippines	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
is	O
entrenched	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
colonial	O
bonds	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
Philippine	B-NORP
class	O
structure	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
regional	O
loyalties	O
of	O
its	O
people	O
and	O
in	O
its	O
island	O
geography	O
.	O


As	O
they	O
did	O
when	O
the	O
Philippines	B-GPE
was	O
a	O
colony	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
teachers	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
part	O
teach	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
even	O
though	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
foreign	O
language	O
for	O
most	O
Philippine	B-NORP
children	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
they	O
often	O
speak	O
one	B-CARDINAL
language	O
at	O
home	O
,	O
another	O
at	O
school	O
.	O


Mrs.	O
Brown	B-PERSON
calls	O
the	O
modern	O
-	O
day	O
cultural	O
ambivalence	O
to	O
Filipino	B-LANGUAGE
a	O
``	O
language	O
schizophrenia	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
issue	O
has	O
been	O
simmering	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
take	O
much	O
to	O
provoke	O
an	O
intense	O
debate	O
.	O


When	O
President	O
Corazon	B-PERSON
Aquino	I-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
command	O
of	O
Filipino	B-LANGUAGE
is	O
spotty	O
,	O
announced	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
that	O
the	O
language	O
would	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
official	O
communications	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
uproar	O
from	O
many	O
legislators	O
,	O
who	O
continue	O
to	O
conduct	O
debates	O
mostly	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


But	O
many	O
proponents	O
of	O
Filipino	B-LANGUAGE
see	O
resistance	O
to	O
the	O
language	O
finally	O
crumbling	O
.	O


They	O
believe	O
the	O
media	O
,	O
including	O
``	O
Batibot	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
have	O
played	O
a	O
crucial	O
role	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
chief	O
scriptwriter	O
Rene	B-PERSON
Villanueva	I-PERSON
,	O
``	O
Batibot	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
does	O
n't	O
set	O
out	O
to	O
advance	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
Filipino	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
not	O
as	O
if	O
we	O
're	O
teaching	O
language	O
per	O
se	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
're	O
just	O
using	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


These	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
``	O
Batibot	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
is	O
produced	O
in	O
a	O
converted	O
lumberyard	O
on	O
a	O
shoestring	O
budget	O
of	O
$	O
3,000	B-MONEY
a	O
one	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
segment	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
shown	O
weekdays	B-DATE
on	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
five	B-CARDINAL
networks	O
.	O


With	O
an	O
audience	O
totaling	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
400,000	I-CARDINAL
,	O
``	O
Batibot	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
consistently	O
ranks	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
top	O
-	O
four	B-CARDINAL
most	O
-	O
watched	O
daytime	B-TIME
programs	O
.	O


But	O
advertising	O
revenue	O
is	O
inadequate	O
.	O


Periodically	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
threats	O
that	O
the	O
program	O
will	O
fold	O
.	O


``	O
Batibot	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
lacks	O
the	O
polish	O
of	O
``	O
Sesame	B-WORK_OF_ART
Street	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Sound	O
stages	O
echo	O
.	O


Acting	O
sometimes	O
falls	O
flat	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
only	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
large	O
puppets	O
in	O
the	O
program	O
:	O
Pong	B-PERSON
Pagong	I-PERSON
and	O
a	O
monkey	O
named	O
Kiko	B-PERSON
Matsing	I-PERSON
.	O


But	O
the	O
production	O
is	O
the	O
equal	O
of	O
any	O
local	O
program	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
show	O
's	O
creativity	O
makes	O
up	O
for	O
any	O
technological	O
deficiencies	O
.	O


The	O
program	O
is	O
n't	O
afraid	O
to	O
tackle	O
controversial	O
topics	O
such	O
as	O
nuclear	O
weapons	O
and	O
the	O
environment	O
.	O


Not	O
that	O
the	O
language	O
war	O
is	O
won	O
,	O
even	O
on	O
``	O
Batibot	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


During	O
one	B-CARDINAL
recent	O
episode	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
advertisements	O
were	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


In	O
search	O
of	O
buyers	O
for	O
upscale	O
department	O
-	O
store	O
chains	O
such	O
as	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
and	O
Saks	B-ORG
Fifth	I-ORG
Avenue	I-ORG
,	O
investment	O
bankers	O
are	O
turning	O
to	O
--	O
who	O
else	O
?	O
The	O
Japanese	B-NORP
.	O


But	O
so	O
far	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
cash	O
-	O
rich	O
retailers	O
are	O
proving	O
to	O
be	O
cautious	O
shoppers	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
have	O
the	O
money	O
to	O
buy	O
.	O


But	O
operating	O
a	O
U.S.	B-GPE
department	O
-	O
store	O
chain	O
would	O
be	O
very	O
difficult	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Motoyuki	B-PERSON
Homma	I-PERSON
,	O
managing	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
international	O
division	O
at	O
Mitsukoshi	B-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
one	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
leading	O
department	O
stores	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
retail	O
executives	O
say	O
the	O
main	O
reason	O
they	O
are	O
reluctant	O
to	O
jump	O
into	O
the	O
fray	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
is	O
that	O
--	O
unlike	O
manufacturing	O
--	O
retailing	O
is	O
extremely	O
sensitive	O
to	O
local	O
cultures	O
and	O
life	O
styles	O
.	O


The	O
Japanese	B-NORP
have	O
watched	O
the	O
Europeans	B-NORP
and	O
Canadians	B-NORP
stumble	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
market	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
fret	O
that	O
business	O
practices	O
that	O
have	O
won	O
them	O
huge	O
profits	O
at	O
home	O
wo	O
n't	O
translate	O
into	O
success	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
department	O
stores	O
are	O
also	O
wary	O
of	O
attracting	O
negative	O
publicity	O
.	O


After	O
Sony	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
recent	O
headline	O
-	O
grabbing	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Columbia	B-ORG
Pictures	I-ORG
,	O
many	O
say	O
it	O
makes	O
good	O
political	O
sense	O
to	O
lie	O
low	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
a	O
question	O
of	O
timing	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mayumi	B-PERSON
Takayama	I-PERSON
,	O
managing	O
director	O
of	O
international	O
operations	O
at	O
Isetan	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
department	O
store	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
for	O
those	O
with	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
eye	O
on	O
the	O
vast	O
U.S.	B-GPE
retail	O
market	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
tempting	O
time	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
bargains	O
.	O


Britain	B-GPE
's	O
B.A.T	B-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
is	O
trying	O
to	O
unwind	O
its	O
U.S.	B-GPE
retailing	O
operations	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
such	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
stores	O
as	O
Saks	B-ORG
Fifth	I-ORG
Avenue	I-ORG
,	O
Marshall	B-ORG
Field	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
,	O
Breuners	B-ORG
and	O
Ivey	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
.	O


And	O
debt	O
-	O
ridden	O
Campeau	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Toronto	I-ORG
is	O
giving	O
up	O
the	O
17	B-CARDINAL
-	O
store	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
group	O
.	O


``	O
Every	O
department	O
store	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
taking	O
a	O
look	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Allen	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
retail	O
analyst	O
at	O
Barclay	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
de	I-ORG
Zoete	I-ORG
Wedd	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
Japan	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Ltd	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Allen	B-PERSON
,	O
however	O
,	O
does	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
about	O
to	O
embark	O
on	O
a	O
major	O
buying	O
binge	O
.	O


Nonetheless	O
,	O
speculation	O
heated	O
up	O
yesterday	B-DATE
when	O
Tokyu	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
Store	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
confirmed	O
a	O
report	O
in	O
Nihon	B-ORG
Keizai	I-ORG
Shimbun	I-ORG
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
leading	O
business	O
daily	O
,	O
that	O
Tokyu	B-ORG
is	O
talking	O
with	O
Campeau	B-ORG
about	O
buying	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
.	O


Tokyu	B-ORG
,	O
however	O
,	O
said	O
no	O
agreement	O
had	O
been	O
reached	O
.	O


Nor	O
is	O
Tokyu	B-ORG
the	O
only	O
Japanese	B-NORP
retailer	O
interested	O
in	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
bankers	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
estimate	O
could	O
cost	O
between	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
and	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Seven	B-CARDINAL
Japanese	B-NORP
department	O
-	O
store	O
groups	O
were	O
approached	O
by	O
investment	O
bankers	O
representing	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
chairman	O
,	O
Marvin	B-PERSON
Traub	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
are	O
seeking	O
additional	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
group	O
,	O
bankers	O
say	O
.	O


What	O
Mr.	O
Traub	B-PERSON
is	O
hoping	O
to	O
put	O
together	O
,	O
investment	O
bankers	O
say	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
management	O
-	O
led	O
group	O
to	O
buy	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
department	O
-	O
store	O
group	O
that	O
he	O
heads	O
from	O
Campeau	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Federated	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
Stores	I-ORG
subsidiary	O
.	O


Federated	B-ORG
ran	O
into	O
a	O
cash	O
crunch	O
after	O
it	O
was	O
acquired	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
by	O
Campeau	B-PERSON
,	O
which	O
relied	O
heavily	O
on	O
debt	O
to	O
finance	O
the	O
transaction	O
.	O


Paying	O
off	O
that	O
debt	O
put	O
such	O
a	O
squeeze	O
on	O
Campeau	B-ORG
and	O
its	O
stores	O
that	O
Federated	B-ORG
decided	O
to	O
sell	O
off	O
the	O
jewels	O
of	O
its	O
retailing	O
empire	O
,	O
including	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
.	O


Hoping	O
to	O
avoid	O
another	O
takeover	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Traub	B-PERSON
retained	O
Blackstone	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
and	O
Drexel	B-ORG
Burnham	I-ORG
Lambert	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
to	O
help	O
him	O
find	O
partners	O
for	O
a	O
management	O
-	O
led	O
buy	O
-	O
out	O
.	O


Ideally	O
,	O
investment	O
bankers	O
say	O
,	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
get	O
backing	O
from	O
a	O
Japanese	B-NORP
department	O
store	O
and	O
a	O
European	B-NORP
department	O
store	O
to	O
forge	O
a	O
global	O
retailing	O
network	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
economics	O
,	O
Traub	B-PERSON
needs	O
a	O
Japanese	B-NORP
and	O
a	O
European	B-NORP
partner	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
work	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
investment	O
banker	O
who	O
follows	O
the	O
retail	O
industry	O
.	O


``	O
Looking	O
only	O
at	O
a	O
narrow	O
American	B-NORP
strategy	O
is	O
n't	O
where	O
it	O
's	O
at	O
.	O
''	O


Persuading	O
tradition	O
-	O
bound	O
Japanese	B-NORP
retailers	O
to	O
get	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
turmoils	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
retailing	O
industry	O
is	O
n't	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
so	O
easy	O
,	O
analysts	O
say	O
.	O


Up	O
until	O
now	O
,	O
most	O
stores	O
have	O
followed	O
the	O
same	O
basic	O
overseas	O
strategy	O
:	O


First	B-ORDINAL
they	O
set	O
up	O
overseas	O
merchandising	O
offices	O
to	O
import	O
items	O
and	O
track	O
new	O
fashion	O
trends	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
opened	O
small	O
gift	O
shops	O
mostly	O
aimed	O
at	O
Japanese	B-NORP
tourists	O
.	O


Reluctant	O
to	O
advance	O
further	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
,	O
some	O
stores	O
have	O
settled	O
for	O
tie	O
-	O
ups	O
with	O
famous	O
specialty	O
shops	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
March	I-DATE
,	O
Isetan	B-ORG
invested	O
1.5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
10.6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
in	O
a	O
venture	O
with	O
Barney	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
up	O
-	O
scale	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
specialty	O
clothier	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Barney	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
shop	O
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
open	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
Mitsukoshi	B-ORG
recently	O
increased	O
its	O
equity	O
stake	O
in	O
Tiffany	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
to	O
13	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Through	O
the	O
longstanding	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
,	O
Mitsukoshi	B-ORG
has	O
opened	O
22	B-CARDINAL
Tiffany	B-ORG
shops	O
in	O
its	O
stores	O
and	O
arcades	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Plans	O
are	O
under	O
way	O
to	O
open	O
a	O
Tiffany	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
in	O
Hawaii	B-GPE
to	O
cater	O
to	O
Japanese	B-NORP
tourists	O
;	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
run	O
mostly	O
by	O
Mitsukoshi	B-ORG
.	O


Some	O
industry	O
observers	O
say	O
that	O
Mitsukoshi	B-ORG
's	O
classy	O
image	O
makes	O
it	O
a	O
possible	O
match	O
for	O
Saks	B-ORG
Fifth	I-ORG
Avenue	I-ORG
.	O


Company	O
officials	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
studying	O
various	O
proposals	O
but	O
wo	O
n't	O
discuss	O
details	O
.	O


Takashimaya	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
oldest	O
department	O
store	O
,	O
is	O
another	O
name	O
that	O
keeps	O
popping	O
up	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
fit	O
with	O
Saks	B-ORG
.	O


Eiji	B-PERSON
Nakazato	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Takashimaya	B-ORG
general	O
manager	O
,	O
admits	O
that	O
his	O
company	O
's	O
image	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
Saks	B-ORG
's	O
and	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
some	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
idea	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
stops	O
there	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
do	O
business	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
it	O
looks	O
tough	O
.	O
''	O


Marcus	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Brauchli	I-PERSON
contributed	O
to	O
this	O
article	O
.	O


Compiled	O
by	O
William	B-PERSON
Mathewson	I-PERSON


The	O
Vatican	B-ORG
was	O
in	O
the	O
red	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
said	O
the	O
regular	O
1988	B-DATE
deficit	O
amounted	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
43.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
based	O
on	O
revenue	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
74.4	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
and	O
expenses	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
117.9	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


But	O
it	O
said	O
extraordinary	O
expenditures	O
for	O
its	O
radio	O
station	O
and	O
restoration	O
of	O
buildings	O
increased	O
the	O
deficit	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
57.2	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


A	O
statement	O
from	O
the	O
council	O
of	O
cardinals	O
said	O
Catholics	B-NORP
had	O
responded	O
generously	O
to	O
an	O
appeal	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
give	O
more	O
money	O
after	O
1987	B-DATE
's	O
record	O
$	B-MONEY
63	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
deficit	O
.	O


The	O
statement	O
said	O
a	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
jump	O
in	O
the	O
``	O
Peter	O
's	O
Pence	O
''	O
collection	O
--	O
the	O
annual	B-DATE
offering	O
from	O
Catholics	B-NORP
to	O
the	O
pope	O
--	O
helped	O
cover	O
the	O
deficit	O
.	O


Council	B-ORG
member	O
Cardinal	B-PERSON
Gerald	I-PERSON
Carter	I-PERSON
of	O
Toronto	B-GPE
told	O
Vatican	B-ORG
Radio	I-ORG
:	O
``	O
Now	O
that	O
we	O
say	O
we	O
covered	O
our	O
deficit	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
people	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
relax	O
and	O
say	O
well	O
that	O
's	O
fine	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Holy	I-ORG
See	I-ORG
is	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
hole	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
're	O
...	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
exact	O
same	O
situation	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O
''	O


Former	O
President	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Nixon	I-PERSON
is	O
to	O
visit	O
China	B-GPE
at	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
beginning	O
Saturday	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
announced	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
's	O
office	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
is	O
solely	O
a	O
fact	O
-	O
finding	O
trip	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
sightseeing	O
,	O
no	O
shopping	O
and	O
no	O
social	O
events	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
's	O
office	O
said	O
the	O
former	O
president	O
``	O
expects	O
to	O
have	O
one	O
-	O
on	O
-	O
one	B-CARDINAL
discussions	O
with	O
the	O
major	O
Chinese	B-NORP
leaders	O
''	O
and	O
will	O
give	O
his	O
assessment	O
of	O
those	O
leaders	O
to	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
upon	O
his	O
return	O
.	O


A	O
poll	O
conducted	O
in	O
12	B-CARDINAL
of	O
16	B-CARDINAL
NATO	B-ORG
countries	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
Dutch	B-NORP
appear	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
strongest	O
supporters	O
of	O
the	O
alliance	O
.	O


The	O
poll	O
,	O
conducted	O
for	O
the	O
Dutch	B-NORP
daily	O
De	B-PERSON
Telegraaf	I-PERSON
by	O
Gallup	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
said	O
81	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Dutch	B-NORP
people	O
supported	O
NATO	B-ORG
.	O


Canada	B-GPE
was	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
most	O
pro-NATO	B-ORG
country	O
with	O
78	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
supporting	O
the	O
alliance	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
with	O
75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
Britain	B-GPE
with	O
71	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
Belgium	B-GPE
with	O
69	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
with	O
63	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


All	O
other	O
countries	O
registered	O
support	O
below	B-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Manufacturers	B-ORG
'	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
filed	O
a	O
police	O
complaint	O
against	O
an	O
Arab	B-NORP
pasta	O
maker	O
for	O
using	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
colors	O
of	O
the	O
outlawed	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
flag	O
on	O
spaghetti	O
packages	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
asked	O
police	O
to	O
investigate	O
why	O
they	O
are	O
allowed	O
to	O
distribute	O
the	O
flag	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
.	O


It	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
against	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Danny	B-PERSON
Leish	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
spokesman	O
for	O
the	O
association	O
.	O


The	O
spaghetti	O
is	O
made	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Al	I-ORG
Ghazel	I-ORG
Macaroni	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
in	O
Bethlehem	B-GPE
and	O
is	O
marketed	O
in	O
a	O
package	O
decorated	O
with	O
green	O
,	O
black	O
,	O
red	O
and	O
white	O
stripes	O
.	O


British	B-NORP
postal	O
authorities	O
say	O
they	O
have	O
uncovered	O
a	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
scheme	O
where	O
unscrupulous	O
stamp	O
dealers	O
chemically	O
removed	O
stamp	O
cancellations	O
,	O
regummed	O
the	O
stamps	O
and	O
sold	O
them	O
to	O
U.S.	B-GPE
collectors	O
or	O
,	O
in	O
large	O
lots	O
,	O
to	O
British	B-NORP
businesses	O
.	O


The	O
scheme	O
allegedly	O
cost	O
the	O
post	O
office	O
#	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	O
16.1	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
in	O
revenue	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
12	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


Dealers	O
bought	O
the	O
used	O
stamps	O
cheaply	O
from	O
charities	O
,	O
including	O
the	B-ORG
Guide	I-ORG
Dogs	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Blind	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
charities	O
regularly	O
sell	O
used	O
stamps	O
,	O
which	O
they	O
collect	O
from	O
children	O
and	O
other	O
donors	O
,	O
to	O
raise	O
funds	O
.	O


Akio	B-PERSON
Tanii	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Matsushita	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Industrial	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
presented	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
consul	O
general	O
in	O
Osaka	B-GPE
with	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
check	O
to	O
help	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
earthquake	O
victims	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
's	O
U.S.	B-GPE
subsidiary	O
,	O
Matsushita	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
,	O
had	O
donated	O
over	O
$	O
35,000	B-MONEY
worth	O
of	O
Matsushita	B-ORG
-	O
made	O
flashlights	O
and	O
batteries	O
to	O
residents	O
shortly	O
after	O
the	O
disaster	O
,	O
a	O
company	O
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


Several	O
other	O
Japanese	B-NORP
companies	O
and	O
regional	O
governments	O
have	O
sent	O
aid	O
to	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
.	O


Sumitomo	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
donated	O
$	O
500,000	B-MONEY
,	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
prefecture	O
$	O
15,000	B-MONEY
and	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Osaka	B-GPE
$	O
10,000	B-MONEY
.	O


Chinese	B-NORP
officials	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
use	O
the	B-ORG
Canton	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Fair	I-ORG
to	O
lure	O
back	O
overseas	O
traders	O
after	O
the	O
bloody	O
crackdown	O
on	O
dissent	O
.	O


But	O
attendance	O
is	O
down	O
from	O
previous	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
a	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
textile	O
trader	O
says	O
,	O
some	O
Chinese	B-NORP
exporters	O
from	O
state	O
-	O
run	O
enterprises	O
are	O
protesting	O
the	O
crackdown	O
by	O
dragging	O
their	O
feet	O
on	O
soliciting	O
new	O
business	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
are	O
angry	O
about	O
the	O
government	O
...	O
so	O
they	O
hold	O
back	O
the	O
goods	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


This	O
autumn	B-DATE
's	O
edition	O
of	O
the	O
biannual	B-DATE
fair	O
will	O
run	O
through	O
Oct.	B-DATE
31	I-DATE
.	O


Inside	O
the	O
156,000	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
yard	I-QUANTITY
glass	O
exhibition	O
complex	O
,	O
products	O
ranging	O
from	O
clothing	O
to	O
AK	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
47	I-PRODUCT
machine	O
guns	O
are	O
on	O
display	O
.	O


Fair	B-ORG
officials	O
say	O
that	O
21,000	B-CARDINAL
guests	O
visited	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
drop	O
from	O
the	O
spring	B-DATE
exhibition	O
.	O


But	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
official	O
Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
reported	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
was	O
greater	O
than	O
the	O
previous	O
fair	O
--	O
without	O
providing	O
statistics	O
.	O


In	O
another	O
sign	O
of	O
glasnost	O
,	O
Alexander	B-PERSON
Solzhenitsyn	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
long	O
-	O
banned	O
chronicle	O
of	O
Soviet	B-NORP
repression	O
,	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Gulag	I-WORK_OF_ART
Archipelago	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
is	O
now	O
recommended	O
reading	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
11th	B-ORDINAL
-	O
grade	O
Moscow	B-GPE
history	O
class	O
...	O
.	O


British	B-NORP
customs	O
officers	O
said	O
they	O
'd	O
arrested	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
men	O
sneaking	O
111	B-CARDINAL
rare	O
snakes	O
into	O
Britain	B-GPE
--	O
including	O
one	B-CARDINAL
man	O
who	O
strapped	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
boa	O
constrictors	O
under	O
his	O
armpits	O
.	O


A	O
customs	O
official	O
said	O
the	O
arrests	O
followed	O
a	B-EVENT
``	I-EVENT
Snake	I-EVENT
Day	I-EVENT
''	I-EVENT
at	O
Utrecht	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
,	O
an	O
event	O
used	O
by	O
some	O
collectors	O
as	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
obtain	O
rare	O
snakes	O
.	O


Call	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Wright	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
office	O
in	O
downtown	O
Fort	B-GPE
Worth	I-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
and	O
the	O
receptionist	O
still	O
answers	O
the	O
phone	O
,	O
``	O
Speaker	O
Wright	B-PERSON
's	O
office	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
former	O
congressman	O
,	O
who	O
resigned	O
as	O
speaker	O
of	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
after	O
an	O
investigation	O
of	O
his	O
financial	O
dealings	O
,	O
is	O
ensconced	O
in	O
his	O
district	O
office	O
,	O
maintained	O
by	O
taxpayers	O
on	O
a	O
$	O
200,000	B-MONEY
allowance	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
negotiating	O
a	O
rich	O
book	O
contract	O
to	O
boot	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
hottest	O
tickets	O
on	O
Washington	B-GPE
's	O
social	O
calendar	O
this	B-DATE
fall	I-DATE
was	O
a	O
charity	O
benefit	O
honoring	O
former	O
Congressman	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Coelho	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
landed	O
a	O
million	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
job	O
on	O
Wall	O
Street	O
after	O
resigning	O
over	O
a	O
controversial	O
junk	O
-	O
bond	O
investment	O
last	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
Deaver	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
former	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
aide	O
,	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
teeming	O
ranks	O
of	O
fallen	O
politicians	O
and	O
officials	O
earning	O
their	O
way	O
as	O
lobbyists	O
and	O
consultants	O
here	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Deaver	B-PERSON
has	O
reopened	O
a	O
public	O
-	O
relations	O
business	O
.	O


Surviving	O
scandal	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
rite	O
of	O
political	O
passage	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
a	O
glut	O
of	O
scandal	O
has	O
blunted	O
this	O
town	O
's	O
sensibility	O
.	O


Let	O
the	O
president	O
demand	O
strict	O
new	O
ethics	O
rules	O
:	O
With	O
four	B-CARDINAL
sitting	O
House	B-ORG
members	O
accused	O
of	O
sexual	O
misdeeds	O
,	O
amid	O
the	O
unfolding	O
HUD	B-ORG
scandal	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
Wright	B-PERSON
debacle	O
,	O
``	O
people	O
are	O
slightly	O
dulled	O
by	O
scandal	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
political	O
humorist	O
Art	B-PERSON
Buchwald	I-PERSON
.	O


``	O
It	O
now	O
takes	O
something	O
really	O
weird	O
to	O
inspire	O
public	O
outrage	O
.	O
''	O


Not	O
all	O
the	O
scandal	O
-	O
tripped	O
have	O
enjoyed	O
soft	O
landings	O
.	O


But	O
many	O
have	O
.	O


``	O
These	O
people	O
bounce	O
back	O
more	O
resiliently	O
than	O
regular	O
people	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Washington	B-GPE
writer	O
Suzanne	B-PERSON
Garment	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
working	O
on	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
post-Watergate	B-EVENT
scandal	O
.	O


Given	O
their	O
own	O
penchant	O
for	O
book	O
writing	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
surprising	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
masters	O
of	O
scandal	O
survival	O
have	O
yet	O
published	O
a	O
guide	O
to	O
the	O
art	O
.	O


For	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
protocol	O
--	O
indeed	O
,	O
an	O
etiquette	O
--	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


Among	O
the	O
rules	O
:	O


Pretend	O
Nothing	O
Happened	O


As	O
if	O
he	O
were	O
still	O
in	O
his	O
old	O
job	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Wright	B-PERSON
,	O
by	O
resigning	O
with	O
his	O
title	O
instead	O
of	O
being	O
forced	O
from	O
his	O
job	O
,	O
by	O
law	O
enjoys	O
a	O
$	O
120,000	B-MONEY
annual	B-DATE
office	O
expense	O
allowance	O
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
paid	O
staffers	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
$	O
67,000	B-MONEY
for	O
stationery	O
and	O
telephones	O
and	O
continued	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
franking	O
privilege	O
.	O


Not	O
to	O
mention	O
a	O
generous	O
federal	O
pension	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
busy	O
schedule	O
of	O
speaking	O
engagements	O
at	O
$	O
10,000	B-MONEY
a	O
pop	O
,	O
at	O
tony	O
places	O
including	O
the	B-ORG
Yale	I-ORG
Political	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
He	O
's	O
as	O
busy	O
as	O
he	O
was	O
as	O
speaker	O
,	O
''	O
reports	O
Mr.	O
Wright	B-PERSON
's	O
administrative	O
aide	O
,	O
Larry	B-PERSON
Shannon	I-PERSON
.	O


Atone	O


On	O
the	O
edge	O
of	O
fashionable	O
Georgetown	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
a	O
chic	O
office	O
with	O
a	O
river	O
view	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
corporate	O
clients	O
whom	O
he	O
wo	O
n't	O
name	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Deaver	B-PERSON
is	O
trying	O
to	O
reclaim	O
his	O
reputation	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
savviest	O
image	O
makers	O
in	O
town	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
few	O
mementos	O
of	O
his	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
as	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
deputy	O
chief	O
of	O
staff	O
and	O
confidant	O
of	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
and	O
Nancy	B-PERSON
Reagan	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
former	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-	O
a	O
-	O
year	O
lobbyist	O
now	O
frequents	O
shelters	O
for	O
the	O
homeless	O
and	O
devotes	O
a	B-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
time	O
counseling	O
other	O
recovering	O
alcoholics	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
feel	O
better	O
than	O
I	O
ever	O
have	O
in	O
my	O
life	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Deaver	B-PERSON
confessed	O
to	O
his	O
alcoholism	O
during	O
his	O
trial	O
on	O
perjury	O
charges	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
recovering	O
workaholic	O
,	O
relaxing	O
with	O
his	O
family	O
and	O
creating	O
topiary	O
,	O
or	O
garden	O
-	O
shrub	O
sculpture	O
,	O
a	O
fashionable	O
pursuit	O
for	O
which	O
he	O
developed	O
a	O
passion	O
during	O
his	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
legal	O
ordeal	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
sign	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Deaver	B-PERSON
's	O
renaissance	O
:	O
an	O
appearance	O
on	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
``	O
Nightline	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
for	O
a	O
show	O
on	O
pack	O
journalism	O
.	O


Host	O
Ted	B-PERSON
Koppel	I-PERSON
introduced	O
him	O
as	O
``	O
the	O
media	O
master	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Reagan	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
,	O
''	O
with	O
nary	O
a	O
mention	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Deaver	B-PERSON
's	O
conviction	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
on	O
perjury	O
charges	O
.	O


Finding	O
God	O


``	O
When	O
someone	O
says	O
,	O
`	O
I	O
've	O
turned	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
'	O
everybody	O
lays	O
off	O
,	O
''	O
observes	O
Frank	B-PERSON
Mankiewicz	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
old	O
Washington	B-GPE
hand	O
and	O
former	O
aide	O
to	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Kennedy	I-PERSON
.	O


Thus	O
have	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Colson	I-PERSON
and	O
Jeb	B-PERSON
Magruder	I-PERSON
launched	O
successful	O
post-Watergate	B-EVENT
careers	O
at	O
the	O
pulpit	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
always	O
work	O
so	O
smoothly	O
.	O


After	O
allegations	O
surfaced	O
in	O
a	O
1985	B-DATE
divorce	O
contest	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
beaten	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
SEC	B-ORG
enforcement	O
chief	O
John	B-PERSON
Fedders	I-PERSON
retreated	O
to	O
a	O
Trappist	B-ORG
monastery	O
in	O
rural	O
Virginia	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
is	O
now	O
in	O
solo	O
law	O
practice	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
his	O
fees	O
have	O
been	O
meager	O
and	O
he	O
failed	O
in	O
efforts	O
to	O
win	O
a	O
chunk	O
of	O
his	O
ex-wife	O
's	O
royalties	O
on	O
her	O
tell	O
-	O
all	O
book	O
.	O


From	O
time	O
to	O
time	O
he	O
returns	O
to	O
the	O
monastery	O
for	O
prayer	O
,	O
meditation	O
and	O
pro	O
bono	O
legal	O
work	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Fedders	B-PERSON
is	O
philosophical	O
about	O
his	O
travails	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
whole	O
experience	O
has	O
been	O
an	O
opportunity	O
for	O
internal	O
growth	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


He	O
sees	O
a	O
psychoanalyst	O
five	B-TIME
mornings	I-TIME
a	O
week	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
've	O
surrendered	O
to	O
the	O
circumstances	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Fedders	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
word	O
surrender	O
has	O
a	O
precise	O
psychoanalytic	O
meaning	O
.	O


My	O
universe	O
has	O
changed	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
enjoying	O
my	O
life	O
and	O
who	O
I	O
am	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
aspect	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
mega-lawyer	O
is	O
n't	O
as	O
important	O
.	O
''	O


Do	O
n't	O
Linger	O


``	O
The	O
best	O
thing	O
you	O
can	O
do	O
is	O
get	O
off	O
the	O
screen	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Buchwald	B-PERSON
.	O


Nobody	O
proved	O
that	O
more	O
masterfully	O
than	O
Mr.	O
Coelho	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
former	O
Democratic	B-NORP
majority	O
whip	O
.	O


Declaring	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
life	O
after	O
Congress	B-ORG
,	O
he	O
resigned	O
almost	O
immediately	O
after	O
media	O
reports	O
questioned	O
the	O
propriety	O
of	O
a	O
1986	B-DATE
junk	O
-	O
bond	O
investment	O
,	O
before	O
any	O
official	O
investigations	O
took	O
hold	O
.	O


Among	O
the	O
glitterati	O
who	O
turned	O
out	O
in	O
bipartisan	O
black	O
-	O
tie	O
force	O
to	O
benefit	O
the	O
Coelho	O
Epilepsy	O
Fund	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
were	O
Sen.	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Dole	I-PERSON
,	O
Rep.	O
Newt	B-PERSON
Gingrich	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
other	O
kingpins	O
of	O
Congress	B-ORG
.	O


Dan	B-PERSON
Rather	I-PERSON
served	O
as	O
emcee	O
.	O


From	O
his	O
new	O
,	O
million	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
-	O
a	O
-	O
year	O
perch	O
on	O
Wall	O
Street	O
as	O
a	O
managing	O
director	O
of	O
Wertheim	B-ORG
Schroder	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Mr.	O
Coelho	B-PERSON
reports	O
that	O
many	O
of	O
his	O
former	O
colleagues	O
have	O
contacted	O
him	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
how	O
they	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
can	O
pursue	O
investment	O
banking	O
careers	O
.	O


It	O
Helps	O
to	O
Be	O
Male	O


Male	O
scandal	O
victims	O
invariably	O
fare	O
better	O
.	O


Anne	B-PERSON
Burford	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
former	O
EPA	B-ORG
chief	O
who	O
resigned	O
under	O
fire	O
in	O
1983	B-DATE
during	O
a	O
flap	O
with	O
Congress	B-ORG
,	O
was	O
kayoed	O
in	O
the	O
confrontation	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
she	O
was	O
never	O
charged	O
with	O
official	O
wrondgoing	O
.	O


She	O
worked	O
part	O
-	O
time	O
as	O
a	O
consultant	O
and	O
wrote	O
a	O
book	O
,	O
but	O
never	O
restarted	O
her	O
high	O
-	O
powered	O
legal	O
career	O
.	O


It	O
did	O
n't	O
help	O
when	O
,	O
in	O
1986	B-DATE
,	O
she	O
was	O
charged	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
then	O
cleared	O
-RRB-	O
on	O
allegations	O
of	O
public	O
drunkenness	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
cut	O
my	O
losses	O
and	O
ran	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
says	O
,	O
from	O
her	O
new	O
home	O
in	O
Colorado	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
she	O
is	O
busy	O
remodeling	O
.	O


Mrs.	O
Burford	B-PERSON
remains	O
bitter	O
over	O
the	O
overwhelming	O
legal	O
expenses	O
involved	O
in	O
clearing	O
her	O
name	O
.	O


``	O
My	O
husband	O
was	O
instantly	O
impoverished	O
by	O
the	O
very	O
act	O
of	O
marrying	O
me	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
says	O
.	O


Another	O
former	O
EPA	B-ORG
official	O
,	O
Rita	B-PERSON
Lavelle	I-PERSON
,	O
is	O
still	O
struggling	O
after	O
her	O
conviction	O
in	O
1983	B-DATE
on	O
perjury	O
charges	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
's	O
nothing	O
she	O
could	O
do	O
to	O
bring	O
herself	O
back	O
to	O
where	O
she	O
was	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
her	O
lawyer	O
,	O
James	B-PERSON
Bierbower	I-PERSON
.	O


``	O
You	O
could	O
say	O
she	O
survived	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
easy	O
on	O
her	O
.	O
''	O


No	O
book	O
contracts	O
have	O
been	O
dangled	O
before	O
Deborah	B-PERSON
Gore	I-PERSON
Dean	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
reigning	O
queen	O
of	O
the	O
HUD	B-ORG
scandal	O
.	O


Donna	B-PERSON
Rice	I-PERSON
of	O
Gary	B-PERSON
Hart	I-PERSON
fame	O
failed	O
to	O
obtain	O
a	O
book	O
contract	O
and	O
lost	O
her	O
modeling	O
contract	O
for	O
``	O
No	O
Excuses	O
''	O
jeans	O
.	O


Fawn	B-PERSON
Hall	I-PERSON
,	O
Oliver	B-PERSON
North	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
former	O
secretary	O
,	O
has	O
yet	O
to	O
launch	O
a	O
hoped	O
-	O
for	O
television	O
news	O
career	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
her	O
lawyer	O
.	O


Rita	B-PERSON
Jenrette	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
former	O
wife	O
of	O
Abscam	B-ORG
-	O
indicted	O
Rep.	O
John	B-PERSON
Jenrette	I-PERSON
,	O
has	O
yet	O
to	O
hit	O
it	O
big	O
in	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
,	O
although	O
with	O
roles	O
in	O
such	O
movies	O
as	O
``	O
Zombie	B-WORK_OF_ART
Island	I-WORK_OF_ART
Massacre	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
and	O
``	O
Aunt	B-WORK_OF_ART
Ida	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bikini	I-WORK_OF_ART
Shop	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
she	O
is	O
doing	O
a	O
lot	O
better	O
than	O
her	O
former	O
husband	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
back	O
in	O
jail	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
on	O
shoplifting	O
charges	O
.	O


Be	O
the	O
Star	O


Central	O
figures	O
--	O
such	O
as	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Nixon	I-PERSON
--	O
usually	O
fare	O
better	O
than	O
those	O
with	O
supporting	O
roles	O
.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
Secord	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
retired	O
Air	B-ORG
Force	I-ORG
general	O
felled	O
in	O
the	O
Iran	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Contra	I-EVENT
scandal	O
,	O
is	O
all	O
but	O
ruined	O
--	O
forced	O
to	O
sell	O
his	O
Virginia	B-GPE
home	O
and	O
pull	O
his	O
kids	O
out	O
of	O
college	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
recent	O
fund	O
-	O
raising	O
appeal	O
sent	O
out	O
on	O
his	O
behalf	O
.	O


Yet	O
his	O
co-defendant	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
--	O
also	O
a	O
former	O
military	O
officer	O
by	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
Oliver	B-PERSON
North	I-PERSON
--	O
has	O
been	O
busily	O
and	O
profitably	O
burnishing	O
his	O
involvement	O
in	O
the	O
affair	O
.	O


What	O
accounts	O
for	O
the	O
difference	O
?	O


During	O
the	O
televised	O
Iran	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Contra	I-EVENT
hearings	O
,	O
Mr.	O
North	B-PERSON
came	O
off	O
as	O
a	O
patriot	O
from	O
central	O
casting	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Secord	B-PERSON
's	O
performance	O
was	O
decidedly	O
less	O
inspiring	O
.	O


Mr.	O
North	B-PERSON
remains	O
in	O
heavy	O
demand	O
as	O
a	O
speaker	O
,	O
for	O
fees	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
$	O
20,000	B-MONEY
range	O
.	O


Even	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
750	B-CARDINAL
people	O
turned	O
out	O
in	O
a	O
remote	O
Virginia	B-GPE
town	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
for	O
a	O
``	O
family	O
tribute	O
''	O
to	O
Mr.	O
North	B-PERSON
given	O
by	O
two	B-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
conservative	O
members	O
of	O
Congress	B-ORG
.	O


If	O
Sex	O
Is	O
Involved	O
,	O
All	O
Bets	O
Are	O
Off	O


Sex	O
scandals	O
make	O
people	O
look	O
careless	O
and	O
silly	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
worst	O
sins	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
is	O
to	O
be	O
laughed	O
at	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
can	O
be	O
wicked	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
foolish	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Mankiewicz	B-PERSON
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
Rep.	O
Gerry	B-PERSON
Studds	I-PERSON
of	O
Massachusetts	B-GPE
was	O
handily	O
re-elected	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
candor	O
with	O
which	O
he	O
handled	O
revelations	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
sex	O
with	O
a	O
male	O
congressional	O
page	O
in	O
1983	B-DATE
.	O


Former	O
Rep.	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Bauman	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Maryland	B-GPE
Republican	B-NORP
who	O
lost	O
his	O
seat	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
after	O
he	O
was	O
caught	O
soliciting	O
sex	O
from	O
a	O
16	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
boy	O
,	O
has	O
never	O
regained	O
his	O
professional	O
footing	O
as	O
a	O
lawyer	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bauman	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
conservative	O
,	O
says	O
he	O
was	O
deserted	O
by	O
the	O
right	O
wing	O
.	O


``	O
Conservatives	B-NORP
shoot	O
their	O
own	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
political	O
establishment	O
is	O
reluctant	O
to	O
forgive	O
sexual	O
misadventures	O
,	O
the	O
private	O
sector	O
sometimes	O
will	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Tower	I-PERSON
was	O
accused	O
of	O
womanizing	O
and	O
boozing	O
during	O
his	O
unsuccessful	O
bid	O
to	O
win	O
confirmation	O
as	O
secretary	O
of	O
defense	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Now	O
he	O
is	O
writing	O
a	O
book	O
,	O
serving	O
on	O
an	O
elite	O
foreign	O
policy	O
advisory	O
board	O
and	O
consulting	O
for	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
corporate	O
clients	O
,	O
including	O
British	B-NORP
publishing	O
mogul	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Maxwell	I-PERSON
.	O


Become	O
a	O
Lobbyist	O


When	O
all	O
else	O
fails	O
,	O
Gucci	B-PERSON
Gulch	I-PERSON
--	O
the	O
fabled	O
halls	O
of	O
the	O
Capitol	O
inhabited	O
by	O
lobbyists	O
and	O
their	O
imported	O
shoes	O
--	O
offers	O
a	O
welcome	O
environment	O
for	O
fallen	O
officials	O
.	O


Former	O
Rep.	O
Fernand	B-PERSON
St	I-PERSON
Germain	I-PERSON
,	O
brought	O
down	O
by	O
the	O
savings	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
loan	O
crisis	O
,	O
now	O
represents	O
--	O
you	O
guessed	O
it	O
--	O
savings	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
loans	O
associations	O
.	O


Some	O
become	O
pseudo-lobbyists	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Mack	I-PERSON
promptly	O
quit	O
his	O
job	O
last	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
as	O
an	O
aide	O
to	O
Speaker	O
Wright	B-PERSON
amid	O
public	O
outrage	O
over	O
Mr.	O
Mack	B-PERSON
's	O
violent	O
attack	O
on	O
a	O
young	O
woman	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
19	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
.	O


After	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
in	O
seclusion	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Mack	B-PERSON
opened	O
a	O
consulting	O
firm	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
to	O
enable	O
him	O
to	O
directly	O
lobby	O
;	O
that	O
would	O
require	O
him	O
to	O
disclose	O
his	O
clients	O
by	O
registering	O
as	O
a	O
lobbyist	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Mack	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
talks	O
to	O
``	O
30	B-CARDINAL
members	O
of	O
Congress	B-ORG
a	O
week	O
.	O
''	O


Misery	O
Loves	O
Company	O


Other	O
scandal	O
survivors	O
are	O
sometimes	O
the	O
best	O
source	O
of	O
solace	O
.	O


Raymond	B-PERSON
Donovan	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
construction	O
executive	O
who	O
was	O
forced	O
to	O
resign	O
as	O
labor	O
secretary	O
and	O
indicted	O
in	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
only	O
to	O
be	O
acquitted	O
of	O
fraud	O
charges	O
,	O
often	O
calls	O
other	O
scandal	O
-	O
tossed	O
public	O
figures	O
to	O
offer	O
a	O
sympathetic	O
ear	O
.	O


Each	O
time	O
a	O
new	O
scandal	O
hits	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
it	O
pulls	O
the	O
scabs	O
off	O
your	O
knees	O
.	O
''	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
people	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
Deaver	B-PERSON
home	O
after	O
his	O
troubles	O
erupted	O
was	O
former	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
aide	O
John	B-PERSON
Ehrlichman	I-PERSON
,	O
whom	O
Mr.	O
Deaver	B-PERSON
scarcely	O
knew	O
.	O


``	O
He	O
reassured	O
me	O
that	O
the	O
hurricane	O
would	O
end	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Deaver	B-PERSON
recalls	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bauman	B-PERSON
received	O
an	O
encouraging	O
letter	O
from	O
the	O
recognized	O
master	O
of	O
scandal	O
survival	O
,	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Nixon	I-PERSON
.	O


Says	O
Mr.	O
Bauman	B-PERSON
:	O
``	O
If	O
things	O
get	O
really	O
tough	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
always	O
auction	O
it	O
off	O
at	O
Sotheby	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
Canadian	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
view	O
to	O
becoming	O
more	O
politically	O
active	O
in	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
,	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
announce	O
tomorrow	O
its	O
application	O
to	O
join	O
the	B-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
American	I-ORG
States	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Washington	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
regional	O
agency	O
.	O


The	O
expected	O
Canadian	B-NORP
move	O
has	O
been	O
welcomed	O
by	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
even	O
though	O
Canada	B-GPE
has	O
opposed	O
such	O
U.S.	B-GPE
actions	O
as	O
the	O
trade	O
embargo	O
against	O
Cuba	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
invasion	O
of	O
Grenada	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
military	O
support	O
for	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
's	O
Contra	B-ORG
guerrillas	O
.	O


Latin	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
countries	O
have	O
long	O
urged	O
Canada	B-GPE
to	O
join	O
the	O
OAS	B-ORG
in	O
the	O
hopes	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
counterweight	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
tended	O
to	O
dominate	O
the	O
32	B-CARDINAL
-	O
nation	O
organization	O
.	O


Even	O
though	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
also	O
has	O
supported	O
Canadian	B-NORP
membership	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
a	O
Washington	B-GPE
priority	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
fact	O
that	O
we	O
might	O
not	O
side	O
with	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
may	O
be	O
a	O
reason	O
why	O
Canada	B-GPE
's	O
membership	O
in	O
the	O
OAS	B-ORG
has	O
n't	O
been	O
,	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
an	O
item	O
high	O
on	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
agenda	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Allan	B-PERSON
Gotlieb	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
Canadian	B-NORP
ambassador	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Canadian	B-NORP
application	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
announced	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Jose	I-GPE
,	O
Costa	B-GPE
Rica	I-GPE
,	O
by	O
Canadian	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Brian	B-PERSON
Mulroney	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
attending	O
a	O
centenary	O
celebration	O
of	O
Costa	B-NORP
Rican	I-NORP
democracy	O
.	O


``	O
Canada	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
larger	O
and	O
more	O
beneficial	O
role	O
to	O
play	O
in	O
the	O
hemisphere	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Mulroney	B-PERSON
said	O
recently	O
.	O


Some	O
Canadian	B-NORP
political	O
commentators	O
have	O
opposed	O
Canada	B-GPE
's	O
joining	O
what	O
they	O
see	O
as	O
a	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
dominated	O
organization	O
.	O


``	O
Canada	B-GPE
could	O
do	O
plenty	O
of	O
things	O
to	O
get	O
serious	O
about	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
without	O
running	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
getting	O
caught	O
in	O
the	O
cross	O
fire	O
''	O
between	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Latin	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
members	O
of	O
the	O
OAS	B-ORG
,	O
said	O
Jeffrey	B-PERSON
Simpson	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
columnist	O
in	O
Toronto	B-GPE
's	O
Globe	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Mail	I-ORG
newspaper	O
.	O


Canada	B-GPE
,	O
at	O
times	O
,	O
could	O
be	O
an	O
awkward	O
OAS	B-ORG
partner	O
for	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
if	O
its	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
voting	O
record	O
is	O
an	O
indication	O
.	O


In	O
U.N.	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
votes	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Canada	B-GPE
voted	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
only	B-PERCENT
63	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


France	B-GPE
voted	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
76	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
79	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
Britain	B-GPE
83	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Larry	B-PERSON
Birns	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
Washington	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
Council	B-ORG
on	I-ORG
Hemispheric	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
liberal	O
research	O
group	O
,	O
said	O
that	O
Latin	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
countries	O
would	O
be	O
``	O
profoundly	O
disappointed	O
''	O
if	O
Canada	B-GPE
were	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
lead	O
in	O
the	O
OAS	B-ORG
.	O


``	O
Latin	B-NORP
Americans	I-NORP
see	O
Canada	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
non-interventionist	O
power	O
that	O
respects	O
their	O
sovereignty	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
OAS	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
tries	O
to	O
promote	O
peace	O
and	O
economic	O
development	O
within	O
the	O
Americas	B-LOC
,	O
is	O
attempting	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
settlement	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
Panama	B-GPE
political	O
crisis	O
.	O


Cuba	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
suspended	O
from	O
OAS	B-ORG
membership	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
organization	O
's	O
members	O
are	O
discussing	O
Cuba	B-GPE
's	O
reinstatement	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
been	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
of	O
stunning	O
events	O
behind	O
what	O
was	O
once	O
called	O
the	O
Iron	O
Curtain	O
and	O
interesting	O
shifts	O
in	O
official	O
American	B-NORP
policy	O
toward	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
when	O
inside	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
beltway	O
Washington	B-GPE
has	O
had	O
a	O
high	O
old	O
time	O
gnawing	O
over	O
ex-President	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
's	O
multimillion	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
junket	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
latter	O
may	O
seem	O
oddly	O
irrelevant	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
downright	O
trivial	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
big	O
picture	O
and	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
have	O
handled	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
capital	O
has	O
done	O
nothing	O
to	O
dispel	O
that	O
impression	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
's	O
casual	O
debasement	O
of	O
the	O
office	O
he	O
so	O
recently	O
held	O
raises	O
issues	O
about	O
which	O
Americans	B-NORP
can	O
actually	O
do	O
something	O
.	O


Our	O
ability	O
to	O
influence	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
events	O
in	O
Eastern	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
and	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
is	O
far	O
more	O
marginal	O
.	O


Those	O
events	O
continue	O
to	O
move	O
at	O
a	O
rate	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
direction	O
,	O
which	O
leave	O
informed	O
commentary	O
--	O
let	O
alone	O
policy	O
--	O
far	O
in	O
their	O
wake	O
.	O


Earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
Soviet	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Eduard	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Shevardnadze	I-PERSON
confessed	O
that	O
the	O
U.S.S.R.	B-GPE
ignored	O
universal	O
human	O
values	O
by	O
invading	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
and	O
,	O
to	O
put	O
it	O
bluntly	O
,	O
``	O
engaged	O
in	O
a	O
violation	O
of	O
the	B-LAW
ABM	I-LAW
Treaty	I-LAW
''	O
by	O
building	O
its	O
radar	O
station	O
at	O
Krasnoyarsk	B-GPE
.	O


Hungary	B-GPE
is	O
no	O
longer	O
a	O
``	O
Socialist	B-NORP
Peoples	I-NORP
''	O
republic	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
no	O
longer	O
has	O
automatic	O
delegates	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.S.R.	B-GPE
's	O
Congress	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Peoples	I-ORG
Deputies	I-ORG
and	O
Egon	B-PERSON
Krenz	I-PERSON
was	O
not	O
backed	O
unanimously	O
by	O
his	O
fellow	O
party	O
functionaries	O
when	O
he	O
took	O
over	O
as	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
new	O
maximum	O
leader	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
that	O
is	O
just	O
for	O
starters	O
,	O
or	O
so	O
the	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
Eastern	B-NORP
Europeans	I-NORP
in	O
the	O
streets	O
seem	O
to	O
hope	O
and	O
are	O
certainly	O
demanding	O
.	O


Of	O
like	O
,	O
though	O
lesser	O
,	O
note	O
,	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
James	B-PERSON
Baker	I-PERSON
put	O
the	O
administration	O
four	B-CARDINAL
-	O
square	O
behind	O
perestroika	O
and	O
glasnost	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
behind	O
Mikhail	B-PERSON
Gorbachev	I-PERSON
,	O
in	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
carefully	O
reasoned	O
speeches	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
or	O
so	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
last	O
but	O
not	O
least	O
,	O
President	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
now	O
views	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
Eastern	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
as	O
``	O
absolutely	O
extraordinary	O
''	O
and	O
believes	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
``	O
ca	O
n't	O
turn	O
the	O
clock	O
back	O
''	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
because	O
the	O
change	O
is	O
too	O
inexorable	O
,	O
''	O
as	O
he	O
told	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
R.W.	B-PERSON
Apple	I-PERSON
Jr	I-PERSON
.	O


-LRB-	O
In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
after	O
some	O
highly	O
visible	O
dithering	O
and	O
public	O
airing	O
of	O
differences	O
,	O
the	O
administration	O
has	O
come	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
believe	O
that	O
what	O
we	O
are	O
witnessing	O
from	O
Berlin	B-GPE
to	O
Siberia	B-LOC
is	O
a	O
good	O
thing	O
to	O
be	O
welcomed	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
new	O
thing	O
to	O
be	O
feared	O
or	O
viewed	O
with	O
suspicion	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


All	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
history	O
will	O
note	O
,	O
assuming	O
that	O
events	O
do	O
n't	O
make	O
it	O
seem	O
a	O
bad	O
joke	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
record	O
of	O
this	O
time	O
is	O
put	O
down	O
.	O


For	O
journalists	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
who	O
write	O
what	O
they	O
fondly	O
view	O
as	O
history	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
draft	O
,	O
this	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
to	O
give	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
space	O
and	O
time	O
to	O
Ron	B-PERSON
and	O
Nancy	B-PERSON
's	O
sales	O
appearance	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
a	O
communications	O
giant	O
and	O
its	O
controversial	O
founder	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
paid	O
transaction	O
,	O
this	O
bartering	O
away	O
of	O
the	O
prestige	O
of	O
the	O
republic	O
's	O
highest	O
office	O
.	O


The	O
Japanese	B-NORP
industrialist	O
has	O
coughed	O
up	O
at	B-MONEY
least	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
put	O
up	O
just	O
about	O
as	O
much	O
,	O
or	O
so	O
it	O
is	O
reported	O
and	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
estimate	O
puts	O
the	O
total	O
tab	O
at	O
$	B-MONEY
7	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


All	O
of	O
which	O
has	O
enabled	O
those	O
of	O
us	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
who	O
enjoy	O
wallowing	O
in	O
such	O
things	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
high	O
public	O
dudgeon	O
,	O
as	O
Mr.	O
Apple	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
did	O
the	B-TIME
other	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
on	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
``	O
Nightline	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Punching	O
away	O
,	O
we	O
raised	O
what	O
I	O
still	O
think	O
were	O
all	O
the	O
right	O
issues	O
and	O
landed	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
hard	O
blow	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
affair	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
just	O
the	O
tiniest	O
nagging	O
worry	O
that	O
we	O
had	O
been	O
aiming	O
at	O
the	O
wrong	O
target	O
.	O


As	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
defenders	O
so	O
aptly	O
put	O
it	O
,	O
President	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
was	O
simply	O
doing	O
what	O
he	O
had	O
always	O
done	O
before	O
his	O
election	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
some	O
would	O
say	O
thereafter	O
as	O
well	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
performing	O
for	O
pay	O
,	O
and	O
why	O
should	O
anyone	O
expect	O
anything	O
more	O
?	O


Primarily	O
because	O
there	O
's	O
more	O
to	O
the	O
matter	O
than	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Reagan	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
personal	O
values	O
,	O
or	O
lack	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


Selling	O
the	O
presidency	O
for	O
a	O
mess	O
of	O
pottage	O
is	O
not	O
so	O
much	O
a	O
devaluation	O
from	O
the	O
norm	O
of	O
public	O
life	O
today	B-DATE
as	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
reflection	O
of	O
the	O
disintegration	O
of	O
public	O
standards	O
.	O


The	O
theme	O
song	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
has	O
been	O
,	O
``	O
Anything	B-WORK_OF_ART
Goes	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
whistled	O
with	O
gusto	O
from	O
Wall	O
Street	O
to	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
highest	O
peaks	O
of	O
televangelism	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
those	O
who	O
say	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
nothing	O
new	O
,	O
that	O
America	B-GPE
has	O
always	O
suffered	O
from	O
a	O
bad	O
case	O
of	O
schizophrenia	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
the	O
dichotomy	O
between	O
what	O
is	O
professed	O
and	O
what	O
is	O
practiced	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
evidence	O
to	O
support	O
that	O
view	O
.	O


Eighty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
William	B-PERSON
James	I-PERSON
wrote	O
to	O
H.G.	B-PERSON
Wells	I-PERSON
:	O
``	O
The	O
moral	O
flabbiness	O
born	O
of	O
the	O
exclusive	O
worship	O
of	O
the	O
bitch	O
goddess	O
success	O
...	O
that	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
squalid	O
cash	O
interpretation	O
put	O
on	O
the	O
word	O
success	O
,	O
is	O
our	O
national	O
disease	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
national	O
disease	O
in	O
1906	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
is	O
today	B-DATE
the	O
national	O
commonplace	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
law	O
against	O
it	O
,	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
law	O
leaves	O
loopholes	O
,	O
use	O
them	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
moral	O
prohibition	O
that	O
expressly	O
forbids	O
it	O
,	O
full	O
speed	O
ahead	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
caught	O
or	O
if	O
people	O
complain	O
,	O
simply	O
argue	O
that	O
``	O
everyone	O
does	O
it	O
''	O
or	O
``	O
no	O
one	O
said	O
I	O
should	O
n't	O
''	O
and	O
brazen	O
it	O
out	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
last	O
recourse	O
,	O
when	O
all	O
else	O
has	O
failed	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
pinned	O
,	O
apologize	O
for	O
having	O
disappointed	O
those	O
who	O
trusted	O
you	O
but	O
deny	O
having	O
actually	O
done	O
anything	O
wrong	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
See	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Bakker	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
remarks	O
upon	O
being	O
sentenced	O
to	O
prison	O
this	B-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
for	O
defrauding	O
the	O
faithful	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Consider	O
the	O
troubling	O
dissonance	O
between	O
Mr.	O
Shevardnadze	B-PERSON
's	O
speech	O
of	O
confession	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	O
the	O
hang	O
-	O
tough	O
defense	O
of	O
everyone	O
concerned	O
with	O
the	O
Iran	B-GPE
-	O
Contra	O
affair	O
.	O


The	O
Soviet	B-NORP
foreign	O
minister	O
publicly	O
concedes	O
that	O
his	O
government	O
``	O
violated	O
norms	O
of	O
behavior	O
''	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
and	O
just	O
plain	O
lied	O
about	O
the	O
radar	O
station	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
people	O
in	O
high	O
place	O
still	O
lying	O
through	O
their	O
teeth	O
about	O
Iran	B-GPE
-	O
Contra	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
apparently	O
is	O
n't	O
going	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


For	O
that	O
matter	O
,	O
those	O
long	B-DATE
ago	I-DATE
identified	O
as	O
liars	O
are	O
still	O
given	O
respectful	O
hearings	O
in	O
the	O
press	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
the	O
current	O
``	O
national	O
disease	O
.	O
''	O


No	O
one	O
seems	O
willing	O
to	O
hold	O
anyone	O
in	O
public	O
life	O
to	O
a	O
standard	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
narrowest	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


The	O
occasional	O
media	O
witch	O
hunt	O
about	O
some	O
politician	O
's	O
private	O
peccadilloes	O
notwithstanding	O
,	O
the	O
general	O
inclination	O
is	O
to	O
offer	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
refrain	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
am	O
I	O
to	O
judge	O
?	O
''	O


Thus	O
,	O
no	O
standards	O
,	O
no	O
judgment	O
and	O
no	O
values	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
are	O
mad	O
because	O
he	O
's	O
making	O
so	O
much	O
money	O
,	O
''	O
say	O
President	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
's	O
defenders	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
we	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
mad	O
because	O
he	O
has	O
demeaned	O
the	O
office	O
we	O
gave	O
him	O
,	O
enlisting	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
service	O
of	O
private	O
gain	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
we	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
mad	O
that	O
public	O
officials	O
lie	O
through	O
their	O
teeth	O
,	O
play	O
disingenuous	O
games	O
about	O
their	O
activities	O
or	O
,	O
to	O
steal	O
a	O
phrase	O
,	O
make	O
public	O
service	O
a	O
private	O
trough	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
stampeded	O
into	O
overreacting	O
to	O
any	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
told	O
Mr.	O
Apple	B-PERSON
in	O
this	O
week	B-DATE
's	O
interview	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
``	O
absolutely	O
extraordinary	O
''	O
events	O
in	O
Eastern	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
defensible	O
position	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
defense	O
at	O
all	O
for	O
the	O
ethos	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
.	O


We	O
did	O
n't	O
stampede	O
into	O
it	O
,	O
we	O
slithered	O
and	O
slipped	O
down	O
the	O
long	O
slope	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
we	O
have	O
as	O
its	O
quintessential	O
symbol	O
a	O
former	O
president	O
huckstering	O
for	O
a	O
foreign	O
poohbah	O
.	O


Or	O
perhaps	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
fitting	O
symbol	O
for	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
of	O
1989	B-DATE
:	O
Everything	O
for	O
sale	O
;	O
nothing	O
of	O
real	O
value	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Carter	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
political	O
commentator	O
who	O
heads	O
a	O
television	O
production	O
firm	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
corner	O
of	O
the	O
cavernous	O
,	O
new	O
Nippon	B-FAC
Convention	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
sits	O
Mazda	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
advanced	O
-	O
technology	O
display	O
.	O


The	O
highlight	O
:	O
a	O
``	O
fragrance	O
control	O
system	O
.	O
''	O


With	O
the	O
touch	O
of	O
a	O
button	O
,	O
drivers	O
can	O
choose	O
from	O
lavender	O
,	O
jasmine	O
,	O
mint	O
or	O
perfume	O
scents	O
,	O
all	O
blown	O
in	O
through	O
the	O
car	O
's	O
air	O
-	O
conditioning	O
system	O
.	O


The	O
soft	O
,	O
wafting	O
aromas	O
will	O
``	O
improve	O
ride	O
comfort	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
display	O
attests	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
proud	O
employee	O
says	O
Mazda	B-ORG
hopes	O
to	O
move	O
the	O
system	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
lab	O
and	O
into	O
its	O
cars	O
in	O
a	O
year	B-DATE
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Welcome	O
to	O
the	O
28th	B-ORDINAL
Tokyo	B-EVENT
Motor	I-EVENT
Show	I-EVENT
.	O


Here	O
you	O
can	O
find	O
Mitsubishi	B-ORG
Motors	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
displaying	O
a	O
``	O
live	O
fish	O
transporter	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
truck	O
akin	O
to	O
an	O
aquarium	O
on	O
wheels	O
,	O
and	O
Nissan	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
with	O
its	O
``	O
keyless	O
''	O
Boga	B-PRODUCT
,	O
whose	O
doors	O
unlock	O
upon	O
recognizing	O
the	O
owner	O
's	O
fingerprints	O
.	O


Suzuki	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Escudome	B-PRODUCT
sport	O
vehicle	O
features	O
a	O
pop	O
-	O
out	O
rear	O
tent	O
and	O
invites	O
drivers	O
to	O
go	O
``	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
nature	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
this	O
biennial	B-DATE
event	O
,	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
largest	O
display	O
of	O
cars	O
and	O
trucks	O
,	O
has	O
its	O
serious	O
side	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
first	O
major	O
exhibitions	O
of	O
future	O
engines	O
and	O
vehicle	O
-	O
suspension	O
systems	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
also	O
the	O
prime	O
showcase	O
for	O
a	O
country	O
whose	O
world	O
dominance	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
is	O
increasingly	O
acknowledged	O
,	O
and	O
therein	O
lies	O
the	O
draw	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
biggest	O
auto	O
shows	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
are	O
largely	O
regional	O
affairs	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
show	O
is	O
international	O
.	O


Virtually	O
every	O
automotive	O
analyst	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
showed	O
up	O
.	O


Detroit	B-GPE
-	O
to	O
-	O
Tokyo	O
flights	O
were	O
booked	O
solid	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
as	O
Motor	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
executives	O
,	O
including	O
Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Donald	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
Petersen	I-PERSON
and	O
Chrysler	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
Vice	O
Chairman	O
Gerald	B-PERSON
Greenwald	I-PERSON
,	O
flocked	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
Soviet	B-GPE
Union	I-GPE
came	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
24	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
to	O
show	O
off	O
its	O
Lada	B-PRODUCT
Niva	I-PRODUCT
sedan	O
and	O
its	O
futuristic	O
dark	O
-	O
blue	O
``	O
Kompakt	O
''	O
model	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
a	O
firsthand	O
look	O
at	O
what	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
hosts	O
sported	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
the	O
foreign	O
visitors	O
saw	O
.	O


New	O
Technology	O


The	O
hottest	O
displays	O
were	O
items	O
that	O
insulate	O
passengers	O
from	O
bumps	O
,	O
potholes	O
and	O
other	O
rigors	O
of	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


These	O
``	O
active	O
suspension	O
systems	O
''	O
electronically	O
sense	O
road	O
conditions	O
and	O
adjust	O
a	O
car	O
's	O
ride	O
.	O


Existing	O
suspension	O
systems	O
try	O
to	O
absorb	O
bounces	O
,	O
but	O
active	O
suspension	O
provides	O
power	O
to	O
counter	O
the	O
jolts	O
.	O


Nissan	B-ORG
,	O
in	O
a	O
34	B-CARDINAL
-	O
page	O
tract	O
,	O
modestly	O
compares	O
its	O
``	O
hydraulic	O
active	O
suspension	O
''	O
to	O
a	O
cheetah	O
,	O
and	O
equates	O
the	O
various	O
parts	O
to	O
the	O
animal	O
's	O
heart	O
,	O
brain	O
,	O
nerves	O
and	O
blood	O
vessels	O
.	O


Toyota	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
grandly	O
touted	O
its	O
system	O
in	O
a	O
car	O
that	O
splits	O
in	O
half	B-CARDINAL
to	O
reveal	O
the	O
suspension	O
's	O
inner	O
workings	O
.	O


Nissan	B-ORG
says	O
it	O
will	O
introduce	O
its	O
first	B-ORDINAL
system	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
Infiniti	B-ORG
Q45	B-PRODUCT
luxury	O
sedan	O
,	O
and	O
Toyota	B-ORG
's	O
Celica	B-PRODUCT
coupe	O
will	O
go	O
on	O
sale	O
with	O
the	O
suspension	O
device	O
next	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
drivers	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
must	O
wait	O
:	O
The	O
Japanese	B-NORP
,	O
for	O
now	O
,	O
are	O
keeping	O
active	O
suspension	O
for	O
domestic	O
use	O
only	O
.	O


And	O
Detroit	B-GPE
's	O
Big	O
Three	O
auto	O
makers	O
say	O
their	O
systems	O
are	O
still	O
under	O
development	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
engine	O
department	O
,	O
several	O
companies	O
displayed	O
experimental	O
models	O
that	O
within	O
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
could	O
provide	O
power	O
equal	O
to	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
engines	O
and	O
yet	O
take	O
up	O
only	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
the	O
space	O
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
shorter	O
hoods	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
stroke	O
engines	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
get	O
sharply	O
higher	O
gas	O
mileage	O
,	O
each	O
piston	O
goes	O
up	O
and	O
down	O
only	O
once	O
to	O
provide	O
power	O
.	O


By	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
pistons	O
in	O
conventional	O
four	B-CARDINAL
-	O
stroke	O
engines	O
must	O
move	O
up	O
and	O
down	O
twice	O
in	O
each	O
power	O
cycle	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
stroke	O
engine	O
displays	O
by	O
Toyota	B-ORG
and	O
Fuji	B-ORG
Heavy	I-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
maker	O
of	O
Subaru	B-ORG
cars	O
,	O
drew	O
plenty	O
of	O
interest	O
from	O
U.S.	B-GPE
auto	O
executives	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
rushing	O
to	O
develop	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
stroke	O
engines	O
.	O


Honda	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
shows	O
a	O
more	O
conventional	O
five	B-CARDINAL
-	O
cylinder	O
engine	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
Accord	B-PRODUCT
Inspire	I-PRODUCT
model	O
,	O
which	O
made	O
its	O
debut	O
just	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
--	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
only	O
.	O


Honda	B-ORG
says	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
-	O
cylinder	O
engine	O
provides	O
a	O
compromise	O
between	O
the	O
fuel	O
-	O
economy	O
of	O
a	O
four	B-CARDINAL
-	O
cylinder	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
a	O
V	O
-	O
6	B-CARDINAL
.	O


It	O
is	O
rumored	O
to	O
be	O
bound	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
model	O
in	O
the	O
luxury	O
Acura	B-ORG
line	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
Honda	B-ORG
officials	O
would	O
n't	O
comment	O
.	O


Odd	O
Cars	O
,	O
Funny	O
Names	O


There	O
's	O
plenty	O
of	O
whimsy	O
here	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
always	O
clear	O
whether	O
it	O
's	O
intentional	O
.	O


The	O
show	O
's	O
symbol	O
is	O
a	O
woman	O
riding	O
on	O
a	O
snail	O
,	O
not	O
your	O
usual	O
metaphor	O
for	O
speed	O
and	O
agility	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
sponsors	O
have	O
an	O
explanation	O
:	O
``	O
Through	O
the	O
character	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
snail	O
,	O
''	O
they	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
important	O
values	O
such	O
as	O
harmony	O
with	O
nature	O
and	O
aspirations	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
are	O
sought	O
.	O
''	O


Japanese	B-NORP
auto	O
makers	O
are	O
known	O
for	O
coming	O
up	O
with	O
funny	O
names	O
,	O
but	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
practice	O
seems	O
to	O
have	O
reached	O
a	O
new	O
high	O
--	O
or	O
low	O
.	O


Honda	B-ORG
has	O
a	O
tiny	O
motorcycle	O
called	O
the	O
Monkey	B-PRODUCT
,	O
and	O
a	O
slightly	O
larger	O
cousin	O
,	O
the	O
Gorilla	O
.	O


Mitsubishi	B-ORG
has	O
a	O
futuristic	O
delivery	O
truck	O
called	O
the	O
Guppy	B-PRODUCT
.	O


Mazda	B-ORG
has	O
the	O
Bongo	B-PRODUCT
truck	O
and	O
,	O
under	O
its	O
Autozam	B-PRODUCT
nameplate	O
,	O
a	O
``	O
microvan	O
''	O
called	O
the	O
Scrum	B-PRODUCT
.	O


Its	O
buglike	O
Carol	B-PRODUCT
minicar	O
is	O
``	O
designed	O
with	O
softness	O
,	O
gentleness	O
and	O
warmheartedness	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
court	O
jester	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
smallest	O
car	O
maker	O
,	O
Daihatsu	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
futuristic	O
concepts	O
is	O
the	O
bubblelike	O
Sneaker	B-PRODUCT
,	O
which	O
seats	O
just	O
one	B-CARDINAL
person	O
in	O
front	O
and	O
could	O
hold	O
a	O
small	O
child	O
and	O
bag	O
of	O
groceries	O
in	O
the	O
rear	O
.	O


Daihatsu	B-ORG
also	O
has	O
the	B-PRODUCT
Fellow	I-PRODUCT
90	I-PRODUCT
,	O
the	B-PRODUCT
Leeza	I-PRODUCT
Spider	I-PRODUCT
and	O
the	B-PRODUCT
Hijet	I-PRODUCT
Dumbo	I-PRODUCT
.	O


The	O
jokes	O
are	O
n't	O
just	O
on	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
,	O
though	O
.	O


Regie	B-ORG
Nationale	I-ORG
des	I-ORG
Usines	I-ORG
Renault	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
auto	O
maker	O
,	O
has	O
a	O
concept	O
car	O
called	O
the	O
Megane	B-PRODUCT
.	O


The	O
name	O
is	O
supposed	O
to	O
connote	O
feminine	O
grandeur	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
Japanese	B-NORP
it	O
means	O
``	O
eyeglasses	O
.	O
''	O


Foreign	O
Presence	O


Foreign	O
auto	O
makers	O
are	O
taking	O
the	B-EVENT
Tokyo	I-EVENT
Motor	I-EVENT
Show	I-EVENT
more	O
seriously	O
than	O
ever	O
.	O


AB	B-ORG
Volvo	I-ORG
invites	O
passers	O
-	O
by	O
to	O
play	O
``	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
test	O
dummy	O
''	O
by	O
hopping	O
in	O
a	O
car	O
that	O
simulates	O
a	O
crash	O
to	O
show	O
just	O
how	O
its	O
seat	O
-	O
belt	O
tightener	O
works	O
.	O


Hyundai	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
has	O
its	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
ever	O
exhibit	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
.	O


General	B-ORG
Motors	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
is	O
sponsoring	O
its	O
first	B-ORDINAL
independent	O
display	O
in	O
10	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
it	O
includes	O
a	O
boxy	O
Buick	B-ORG
station	O
wagon	O
with	O
wood	O
-	O
grain	O
side	O
panels	O
.	O


Ford	B-ORG
and	O
Chrysler	B-ORG
also	O
have	O
exhibits	O
,	O
although	O
theirs	O
are	O
tucked	O
in	O
a	O
separate	O
room	O
with	O
the	O
less	O
-	O
popular	O
automotive	O
parts	O
section	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
Detroit	B-GPE
mentality	O
and	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
mentality	O
,	O
''	O
declares	O
Charles	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Jordan	I-PERSON
,	O
GM	B-ORG
's	O
vice	O
president	O
for	O
design	O
,	O
in	O
explaining	O
his	O
pilgrimage	O
to	O
the	B-EVENT
Tokyo	I-EVENT
Show	I-EVENT
.	O


Even	O
so	O
,	O
traditional	O
American	B-NORP
cockiness	O
is	O
n't	O
terribly	O
endangered	O
.	O


Ford	B-ORG
officials	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
crowed	O
about	O
their	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
ever	O
Tokyo	B-EVENT
Grand	I-EVENT
Prix	I-EVENT
racing	O
victory	O
.	O


True	O
,	O
Ford	B-ORG
was	O
declared	O
the	O
winner	O
Sunday	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
only	O
after	O
the	O
Honda	B-ORG
driver	O
who	O
crossed	O
the	O
finish	O
line	O
first	B-ORDINAL
was	O
disqualified	O
because	O
it	O
hit	O
another	O
car	O
and	O
skid	O
momentarily	O
out	O
of	O
bounds	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Jordan	B-PERSON
of	O
GM	B-ORG
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
still	O
criticizes	O
Japanese	B-NORP
styling	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
hard	O
for	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
feeling	O
in	O
a	O
car	O
,	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
passion	O
in	O
a	O
car	O
,	O
to	O
get	O
emotion	O
in	O
a	O
car	O
.	O


Senate	B-ORG
Democrats	B-NORP
who	O
favor	O
cutting	O
the	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
tax	O
are	O
n't	O
ready	O
to	O
line	O
up	O
behind	O
the	O
leading	O
Senate	B-ORG
proposal	O
.	O


Their	O
reluctance	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
proposal	O
is	O
another	O
blow	O
to	O
the	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
cut	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
had	O
a	O
roller	O
-	O
coaster	O
existence	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
considered	O
dead	O
and	O
then	O
suddenly	O
revived	O
and	O
was	O
passed	O
by	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
Oregon	B-GPE
Sen.	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Packwood	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
ranking	O
GOP	B-ORG
member	O
on	O
the	O
tax	O
-	O
writing	O
Senate	B-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
introduced	O
his	O
plan	O
as	O
an	O
amendment	O
to	O
a	O
pending	O
measure	O
authorizing	O
U.S.	B-GPE
aid	O
for	O
Poland	B-GPE
and	O
Hungary	B-GPE
.	O


Senate	B-ORG
Majority	O
Leader	O
George	B-PERSON
Mitchell	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Maine	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
was	O
confident	O
he	O
had	O
enough	O
votes	O
to	O
block	O
the	O
maneuver	O
on	O
procedural	O
grounds	O
,	O
perhaps	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Packwood	B-PERSON
all	O
but	O
conceded	O
defeat	O
,	O
telling	O
Mr.	O
Mitchell	B-PERSON
:	O
``	O
I	O
sense	O
at	O
this	O
stage	O
you	O
may	O
have	O
the	O
votes	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
lawmakers	O
sparred	O
in	O
a	O
highly	O
personal	O
fashion	O
,	O
violating	O
usual	O
Senate	B-ORG
decorum	O
.	O


Their	O
tone	O
was	O
good	O
-	O
natured	O
,	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Packwood	B-PERSON
saying	O
he	O
intended	O
to	O
offer	O
the	O
proposal	O
again	O
and	O
again	O
on	O
future	O
legislation	O
and	O
Sen.	O
Mitchell	B-PERSON
saying	O
he	O
intended	O
to	O
use	O
procedural	O
means	O
to	O
block	O
it	O
again	O
and	O
again	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
proposal	O
,	O
authored	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Packwood	B-PERSON
and	O
Sen.	O
William	B-PERSON
Roth	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
R.	B-NORP
,	O
Del.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
appears	O
to	O
have	O
general	O
backing	O
by	O
Republicans	B-NORP
,	O
their	O
votes	O
are	O
n't	O
sufficient	O
to	O
pass	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
Democrats	B-NORP
,	O
who	O
are	O
under	O
increasing	O
pressure	O
from	O
their	O
leaders	O
to	O
reject	O
the	O
gains	O
-	O
tax	O
cut	O
,	O
are	O
finding	O
reasons	O
to	O
say	O
no	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
for	O
now	O
.	O


A	O
major	O
reason	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
believe	O
the	O
Packwood	B-PERSON
-	O
Roth	O
plan	O
would	O
lose	O
buckets	O
of	O
revenue	O
over	O
the	O
long	O
run	O
.	O


The	O
Packwood	B-PERSON
-	O
Roth	O
proposal	O
would	O
reduce	O
the	O
tax	O
depending	O
on	O
how	O
long	O
an	O
asset	O
was	O
held	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
would	O
create	O
a	O
new	O
individual	O
retirement	O
account	O
that	O
would	O
shield	O
from	O
taxation	O
the	O
appreciation	O
on	O
investments	O
made	O
for	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
purposes	O
,	O
including	O
retirement	O
,	O
medical	O
expenses	O
,	O
first	O
-	O
home	O
purchases	O
and	O
tuition	O
.	O


``	O
A	O
number	O
of	O
us	O
are	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
touch	O
capital	O
gains	O
,	O
IRAs	O
or	O
anything	O
else	O
unless	O
it	O
contributes	O
to	O
deficit	O
-	O
reduction	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Sen.	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Robb	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Va.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
10	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
Democrats	B-NORP
who	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
believes	O
might	O
favor	O
giving	O
preferential	O
treatment	O
to	O
capital	O
gains	O
.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
hearing	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
opposition	O
first	O
hand	O
during	O
meetings	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
with	O
Democratic	B-NORP
senators	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
.	O


And	O
at	O
a	O
luncheon	O
meeting	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
of	O
Democratic	B-NORP
senators	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
outspoken	O
opposition	O
to	O
cutting	O
the	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
tax	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
participants	O
.	O


The	O
trend	O
is	O
making	O
advocates	O
of	O
the	O
tax	O
cut	O
less	O
optimistic	O
about	O
success	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
out	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
three	O
shot	O
of	O
getting	O
it	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
said	O
Sen.	O
David	B-PERSON
Boren	I-PERSON
of	O
Oklahoma	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
leading	O
Democratic	B-NORP
proponent	O
of	O
cutting	O
the	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
tax	O
.	O


He	O
called	O
the	O
battle	O
``	O
uphill	O
.	O
''	O


Other	O
Democrats	B-NORP
who	O
favor	O
a	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
cut	O
are	O
even	O
more	O
pessimistic	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
bill	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
said	O
Sen.	O
Dale	B-PERSON
Bumpers	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Ark	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
'm	O
probably	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
vote	O
for	O
any	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
proposal	O
.	O


The	O
IRA	O
portion	O
-LRB-	O
of	O
the	O
Packwood	B-PERSON
-	O
Roth	O
plan	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
irresponsible	O
.	O
''	O


Another	O
significant	O
factor	O
in	O
the	O
capitalgains	O
debate	O
is	O
the	O
extent	O
to	O
which	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
purely	O
political	O
battle	O
between	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
Senate	B-ORG
Majority	O
Leader	O
Mitchell	B-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Mitchell	B-PERSON
has	O
made	O
clear	O
to	O
his	O
wavering	O
colleagues	O
that	O
the	O
issue	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
him	O
personally	O
.	O


Today	O
,	O
Sen.	O
Mitchell	B-PERSON
and	O
other	O
leading	O
Democrats	B-NORP
plan	O
to	O
turn	O
up	O
the	O
heat	O
again	O
by	O
holding	O
a	O
news	O
conference	O
to	O
bash	O
the	O
proposal	O
.	O


Estimates	O
requested	O
by	O
Sen.	O
Mitchell	B-PERSON
from	O
the	B-ORG
Congressional	I-ORG
Joint	I-ORG
Taxation	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
show	O
that	O
the	O
richest	O
100	B-CARDINAL
taxpayers	O
got	O
an	O
average	O
benefit	O
from	O
the	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
differential	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
13	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
each	O
in	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
for	O
which	O
figures	O
are	O
available	O
.	O


White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
officials	O
acknowledged	O
yesterday	B-DATE
that	O
Democrats	B-NORP
still	O
are	O
reluctant	O
to	O
publicly	O
express	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Packwood	B-PERSON
-	O
Roth	O
capital	O
gains	O
proposal	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
loath	O
to	O
buck	O
Sen.	O
Mitchell	B-PERSON
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
officials	O
said	O
they	O
are	O
open	O
to	O
making	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
deals	O
with	O
Senate	B-ORG
Democrats	B-NORP
to	O
win	O
their	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
tax	O
cut	O
.	O


Democrats	B-NORP
asked	O
in	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
for	O
discussions	O
with	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
have	O
suggested	O
ways	O
of	O
``	O
tinkering	O
''	O
with	O
the	O
Packwood	O
-	O
Roth	O
proposal	O
,	O
suggesting	O
an	O
interest	O
in	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
modified	O
version	O
they	O
can	O
back	O
,	O
one	O
official	O
said	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
aides	O
think	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
numerous	O
other	O
important	O
measures	O
Democrats	B-NORP
badly	O
wanted	O
passed	O
--	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
scaling	O
back	O
of	O
a	O
controversial	O
catastrophic	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
plan	O
for	O
the	O
elderly	O
--	O
that	O
might	O
provide	O
the	O
president	O
leverage	O
in	O
cutting	O
deals	O
with	O
Democrats	B-NORP
.	O


A	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
tax	O
cut	O
might	O
be	O
paired	O
with	O
such	O
measures	O
to	O
help	O
ensure	O
passage	O
.	O


Other	O
possibilities	O
include	O
a	O
child	O
-	O
care	O
initiative	O
and	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
minimum	O
wage	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
ca	O
n't	O
secure	O
immediate	O
passage	O
of	O
a	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
plan	O
,	O
administration	O
officials	O
also	O
are	O
n't	O
ruling	O
out	O
making	O
a	O
deal	O
with	O
Congress	B-ORG
to	O
put	O
off	O
a	O
vote	O
until	O
a	O
firm	O
date	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
even	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
the	O
officials	O
insist	O
that	O
such	O
a	O
deal	O
on	O
a	O
future	O
vote	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
apply	O
to	O
both	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
.	O


Gerald	B-PERSON
F.	I-PERSON
Seib	I-PERSON
contributed	O
to	O
this	O
article	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
immigration	O
authorities	O
said	O
they	O
found	O
658	B-CARDINAL
more	O
Chinese	B-NORP
among	O
Vietnamese	B-NORP
boat	O
people	O
,	O
bringing	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
trying	O
to	O
enter	O
Japan	B-GPE
by	O
posing	O
as	O
Vietnamese	B-NORP
refugees	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
1,642	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
plans	O
to	O
send	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
back	O
home	O
and	O
is	O
negotiating	O
with	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
a	O
Justice	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
official	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
were	O
among	O
3,372	B-CARDINAL
boat	O
people	O
supposedly	O
from	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
who	O
arrived	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
compared	O
with	O
219	B-CARDINAL
for	O
all	O
of	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
official	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
658	B-CARDINAL
Chinese	B-NORP
,	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
in	O
a	O
refugee	O
-	O
assistance	O
center	O
,	O
were	O
sent	O
to	O
immigration	O
facilities	O
yesterday	B-DATE
pending	O
deportation	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
official	O
said	O
.	O


On	O
Sept.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
began	O
a	O
policy	O
of	O
screening	O
boat	O
people	O
,	O
accepting	O
only	O
those	O
deemed	O
to	O
be	O
political	O
refugees	O
.	O


Francoise	B-PERSON
Verne	I-PERSON
,	O
52	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
former	O
deputy	O
director	O
of	O
France	B-GPE
's	O
mint	O
,	O
faces	O
prison	O
for	O
her	O
theft	O
of	O
some	B-CARDINAL
67	I-CARDINAL
rare	O
coins	O
from	O
the	O
mint	O
's	O
collections	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
in	O
command	O
from	B-DATE
1979	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
1984	I-DATE
,	O
Mrs.	O
Verne	B-PERSON
told	O
a	O
Paris	B-GPE
court	O
that	O
the	O
``	O
great	O
disorder	O
''	O
that	O
reigned	O
at	O
the	O
agency	O
led	O
her	O
into	O
temptation	O
.	O


Before	O
an	O
inventory	O
in	O
1984	B-DATE
that	O
showed	O
the	O
``	O
disappearance	O
''	O
of	O
944	B-CARDINAL
coins	O
valued	O
at	O
about	B-MONEY
2.9	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
French	I-MONEY
francs	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
465,000	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
there	O
had	O
n't	O
been	O
any	O
stock	O
-	O
taking	O
since	O
1868	B-DATE
.	O


Tony	B-PERSON
Lambert	I-PERSON
,	O
Mrs.	O
Verne	B-PERSON
's	O
successor	O
,	O
says	O
the	O
mint	O
's	O
losses	O
from	O
the	O
theft	O
run	O
into	O
the	B-MONEY
hundreds	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
thousands	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
francs	I-MONEY
.	O


El	B-GPE
Salvador	I-GPE
is	O
destroying	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
1.6	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
of	O
food	O
that	O
had	O
rotted	O
in	O
government	O
warehouses	O
,	O
government	O
officials	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
Supply	B-ORG
Regulator	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
is	O
to	O
burn	O
rice	O
,	O
corn	O
and	O
beans	O
that	O
spoiled	O
because	O
of	O
neglect	O
and	O
corruption	O
in	O
the	O
previous	O
Christian	B-NORP
Democrat	I-NORP
government	O
,	O
a	O
statement	O
from	O
the	O
information	O
service	O
SISAL	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
past	O
administration	O
the	O
foodstuffs	O
were	O
first	O
bought	O
by	O
the	O
institute	O
,	O
then	O
sold	O
at	O
low	O
prices	O
to	O
``	O
unscrupulous	O
businessmen	O
''	O
who	O
resold	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
institute	O
at	O
inflated	O
prices	O
,	O
the	O
statement	O
said	O
.	O


A	O
black	O
-	O
draped	O
cruise	O
liner	O
sailed	O
into	O
Naples	B-GPE
yesterday	B-DATE
bringing	O
800	B-CARDINAL
Libyans	B-NORP
threatening	O
vengeance	O
if	O
Italy	B-GPE
refuses	O
to	O
pay	O
compensation	O
for	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
colonial	O
rule	O
.	O


Another	O
250	B-CARDINAL
Libyans	B-NORP
were	O
already	O
in	O
Italy	B-GPE
to	O
stage	O
a	O
day	O
of	O
mourning	O
for	O
victims	O
of	O
Italy	B-GPE
's	O
colonial	O
rule	O
between	B-DATE
1911	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
1943	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
Tripoli	B-GPE
says	O
Rome	B-GPE
kidnapped	O
5,000	B-CARDINAL
Libyans	B-NORP
and	O
deported	O
them	O
as	O
forced	O
labor	O
.	O


Libya	B-GPE
's	O
revolutionary	O
Committees	O
have	O
threatened	O
attacks	O
on	O
Italians	B-NORP
if	O
Rome	B-GPE
does	O
n't	O
pay	O
compensation	O
.	O


But	O
officials	O
in	O
Rome	B-GPE
say	O
the	O
issue	O
was	O
legally	O
resolved	O
by	O
a	O
settlement	O
between	O
Italy	B-GPE
and	O
King	O
Idris	B-PERSON
,	O
deposed	O
by	O
Col.	O
Muammar	B-PERSON
Gadhafi	I-PERSON
in	O
1969	B-DATE
.	O


Canadian	B-NORP
Indians	I-NORP
are	O
taking	O
five	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
to	O
court	O
in	O
a	O
bid	O
to	O
stop	O
low	O
military	O
flights	O
over	O
their	O
homes	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Dutch	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


Representatives	O
of	O
the	O
Inuit	B-NORP
and	O
Cree	B-NORP
peoples	O
living	O
in	O
Quebec	B-GPE
and	O
Labrador	B-GPE
in	O
northeastern	O
Canada	B-GPE
told	O
the	O
ministry	O
of	O
the	O
planned	O
action	O
at	O
a	O
meeting	O
,	O
a	O
ministry	O
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
wanted	O
to	O
prevent	O
a	O
NATO	B-ORG
training	O
base	O
being	O
built	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
action	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Canadian	I-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
,	O
will	O
be	O
against	O
Canada	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-GPE
Netherlands	I-GPE
,	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
,	O
Britain	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
ministry	O
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
suspended	O
imports	O
of	O
French	B-NORP
mushrooms	O
after	O
finding	O
some	O
contaminated	O
by	O
radiation	O
,	O
an	O
official	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Welfare	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
testing	O
imported	O
food	O
from	O
Europe	B-LOC
since	O
the	O
April	B-DATE
1986	I-DATE
Chernobyl	B-GPE
accident	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


Since	O
then	O
,	O
the	O
ministry	O
has	O
announced	O
50	B-CARDINAL
bans	O
on	O
food	O
imports	O
from	O
European	B-NORP
countries	O
,	O
including	O
Italy	B-GPE
,	O
Spain	B-GPE
,	O
Turkey	B-GPE
,	O
Greece	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
Venice	B-GPE
city	O
council	O
is	O
battling	O
plans	O
to	O
tap	O
huge	O
gas	O
fields	O
off	O
the	O
coast	O
that	O
it	O
says	O
will	O
speed	O
up	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
slow	O
sinking	O
into	O
its	O
lagoon	O
.	O


AGIP	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
energy	O
giant	O
,	O
made	O
the	O
announcement	O
about	O
the	O
gas	O
field	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Located	O
six	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
northeast	O
of	O
Venice	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
field	O
contains	O
875	B-QUANTITY
billion	I-QUANTITY
cubic	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
of	O
methane	O
gas	O
-	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
tenth	I-CARDINAL
of	O
Italy	B-GPE
's	O
reserves	O
.	O


Alarmed	O
councilors	O
say	O
the	O
project	O
could	O
jeopardize	O
costly	O
efforts	O
to	O
stop	O
,	O
or	O
slow	O
down	O
,	O
the	O
subsidence	O
that	O
makes	O
Venice	B-GPE
subject	O
to	O
regular	O
and	O
destructive	O
flooding	O
.	O


The	O
council	O
unanimously	O
opposed	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
AGIP	B-ORG
pumping	O
out	O
the	O
methane	O
gas	O
and	O
swiftly	O
appealed	O
to	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
to	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Giulio	B-PERSON
Andreotti	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
yet	O
to	O
reply	O
.	O


AGIP	B-ORG
refused	O
to	O
reconsider	O
and	O
says	O
drilling	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
start	O
early	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
unlikely	O
extracting	O
the	O
gas	O
will	O
cause	O
subsidence	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
a	O
spokeswoman	O
.	O


Thieves	O
stole	O
a	O
12th	B-DATE
century	I-DATE
fresco	O
from	O
an	O
abandoned	O
church	O
in	O
Camerino	B-GPE
,	O
Italy	B-GPE
,	O
by	O
removing	O
the	O
entire	O
wall	O
on	O
which	O
the	O
work	O
had	O
been	O
painted	O
,	O
police	O
said	O
...	O
.	O


West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
BMW	B-ORG
commissioned	O
the	O
Nuremberg	B-GPE
post	O
office	O
to	O
test	O
a	O
prototype	O
battery	O
-	O
powered	O
car	O
.	O


The	O
vehicle	O
has	O
a	O
top	O
speed	O
of	O
65	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
an	I-QUANTITY
hour	I-QUANTITY
and	O
requires	O
recharging	O
from	O
a	O
standard	O
wall	O
socket	O
every	B-QUANTITY
100	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Kemper	B-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
charging	O
that	O
program	O
trading	O
is	O
ruining	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
,	O
cut	O
off	O
four	B-CARDINAL
big	O
Wall	O
Street	O
firms	O
from	O
doing	O
any	O
of	O
its	O
stock	O
-	O
trading	O
business	O
.	O


The	O
move	O
is	O
the	O
biggest	O
salvo	O
yet	O
in	O
the	O
renewed	O
outcry	O
against	O
program	O
trading	O
,	O
with	O
Kemper	B-ORG
putting	O
its	O
money	O
--	O
the	B-MONEY
millions	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
commissions	O
it	O
generates	O
each	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
--	O
where	O
its	O
mouth	O
is	O
.	O


The	O
Kemper	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
unit	O
and	O
other	O
critics	O
complain	O
that	O
program	O
trading	O
causes	O
wild	O
swings	O
in	O
stock	O
prices	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
on	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
and	O
on	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
and	O
16	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
has	O
increased	O
chances	O
for	O
market	O
crashes	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
nine	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
several	O
firms	O
,	O
including	O
discount	O
broker	O
Charles	B-ORG
Schwab	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
Sears	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Roebuck	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Dean	B-ORG
Witter	I-ORG
Reynolds	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
unit	O
,	O
have	O
attacked	O
program	O
trading	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
market	O
evil	O
.	O


Several	O
big	O
securities	O
firms	O
backed	O
off	O
from	O
program	O
trading	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
1987	B-DATE
crash	O
.	O


But	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
led	O
by	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
moved	O
back	O
in	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
most	O
volatile	O
form	O
of	O
program	O
trading	O
is	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
--	O
the	O
rapid	O
-	O
fire	O
,	O
computer	O
-	O
guided	O
buying	O
and	O
selling	O
of	O
stocks	O
offset	O
with	O
opposite	O
trades	O
in	O
stock	O
-	O
index	O
futures	O
and	O
options	O
.	O


The	O
object	O
is	O
to	O
capture	O
profits	O
from	O
fleeting	O
price	O
discrepancies	O
between	O
the	O
futures	O
and	O
options	O
and	O
the	O
stocks	O
themselves	O
.	O


Index	O
arbitrage	O
recently	O
has	O
accounted	O
for	O
about	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
all	O
program	O
trading	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
.	O


Last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
program	O
trading	O
accounted	O
for	O
20.9	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
a	O
day	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
record	O
13.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
average	O
daily	B-DATE
volume	O
.	O


On	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
afternoon	B-TIME
,	O
Kemper	B-ORG
told	O
Bear	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Stearns	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
General	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Kidder	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Peabody	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
unit	O
,	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
and	O
Oppenheimer	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
that	O
it	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
do	O
business	O
with	O
them	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
commitment	O
to	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
,	O
officials	O
inside	O
and	O
outside	O
these	O
firms	O
confirmed	O
.	O


Kemper	B-ORG
officials	O
declined	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
firms	O
but	O
acknowledged	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
simmering	O
dispute	O
with	O
four	B-CARDINAL
securities	O
firms	O
and	O
said	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
brokers	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
do	O
business	O
with	O
may	O
be	O
lengthened	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ahead	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
We	O
've	O
been	O
opposed	O
to	O
''	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
``	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Stephen	B-PERSON
B.	I-PERSON
Timbers	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
investment	O
officer	O
at	O
Kemper	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
manages	O
$	B-MONEY
56	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
including	O
$	B-MONEY
8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
stocks	O
.	O


``	O
Index	O
arbitrage	O
does	O
n't	O
work	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
scares	O
natural	O
buyers	O
''	O
of	O
stock	O
.	O


While	O
Mr.	O
Timbers	B-PERSON
explained	O
he	O
's	O
``	O
not	O
totally	O
convinced	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
changes	O
the	O
overall	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
``	O
on	O
an	O
intraday	O
basis	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
major	O
effects	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
talked	O
to	O
proponents	O
of	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
and	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
cool	O
it	O
because	O
they	O
're	O
ruining	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
`	O
Too	O
bad	O
,	O
'	O
so	O
we	O
finally	O
said	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
business	O
with	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


Kemper	B-ORG
also	O
blasted	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
for	O
ignoring	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
individual	O
and	O
institutional	O
holders	O
.	O


``	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
has	O
vested	O
interests	O
''	O
in	O
its	O
big	O
member	O
securities	O
firms	O
``	O
that	O
cloud	O
its	O
objectivity	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Timbers	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
interested	O
in	O
what	O
we	O
think	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
also	O
has	O
a	O
terrible	O
communication	O
problem	O
with	O
individual	O
investors	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
added	O
.	O


Small	O
investors	O
perceive	O
that	O
``	O
big	O
operators	O
''	O
dominate	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
said	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
O'Hara	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Investors	I-ORG
and	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
exchange	O
's	O
Individual	B-ORG
Investors	I-ORG
Advisory	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
set	O
up	O
after	O
the	O
1987	B-DATE
crash	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
impression	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
is	O
they	O
'd	O
love	O
to	O
do	O
away	O
with	O
it	O
-LCB-	O
program	O
trading	O
-RCB-	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
-LCB-	O
the	O
exchange	O
-RCB-	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Big	B-ORG
Board	I-ORG
Chairman	O
John	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Phelan	I-PERSON
said	O
in	O
a	O
recent	O
interview	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
no	O
inclination	O
to	O
eliminate	O
program	O
trading	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
volatility	O
disturbs	O
him	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
exchange	O
can	O
do	O
is	O
``	O
slow	O
down	O
the	O
process	O
''	O
by	O
using	O
its	O
circuit	O
breakers	O
and	O
shock	O
absorbers	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Timbers	B-PERSON
countered	O
that	O
``	O
the	O
mere	O
fact	O
they	O
put	O
in	O
circuit	O
breakers	O
is	O
an	O
admission	O
of	O
their	O
problems	O
.	O
''	O


Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
and	O
Kidder	B-ORG
Peabody	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
biggest	O
program	O
trading	O
firms	O
,	O
staunchly	O
defend	O
their	O
strategies	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
continue	O
to	O
believe	O
the	O
position	O
we	O
've	O
taken	O
is	O
reasonable	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
official	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
would	O
stop	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
when	O
the	O
market	O
is	O
under	O
stress	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
have	O
recently	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
citing	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
and	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
Carpenter	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
at	O
Kidder	B-ORG
Peabody	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
in	O
a	O
recent	O
interview	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
has	O
a	O
negative	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
.	O
''	O


According	O
to	O
Lawrence	B-PERSON
Eckenfelder	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
securities	O
industry	O
analyst	O
at	O
Prudential	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Bache	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
``	O
Kemper	B-ORG
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
firm	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
major	O
statement	O
with	O
program	O
trading	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
added	O
that	O
``	O
having	O
just	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
firm	O
do	O
this	O
is	O
n't	O
going	O
to	O
mean	O
a	O
hill	O
of	O
beans	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
this	O
prompts	O
others	O
to	O
consider	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
may	O
become	O
much	O
more	O
important	O
.	O


International	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Machines	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
agreed	O
to	O
let	O
Motorola	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
participate	O
in	O
a	O
semiconductor	O
research	O
project	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
effort	O
to	O
bolster	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
semiconductor	O
industry	O
.	O


IBM	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
made	O
the	O
announcement	O
at	O
the	O
dedication	O
of	O
a	O
research	O
center	O
here	O
,	O
said	O
it	O
invited	O
many	O
other	O
companies	O
to	O
participate	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
including	O
some	O
from	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


Jack	B-PERSON
Kuehler	I-PERSON
,	O
IBM	B-ORG
's	O
president	O
,	O
said	O
IBM	B-ORG
is	O
also	O
considering	O
letting	O
other	O
companies	O
participate	O
in	O
additional	O
semiconductor	O
work	O
but	O
declined	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
specific	O
.	O


IBM	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
said	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
it	O
was	O
inviting	O
companies	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
some	O
semiconductor	O
work	O
,	O
has	O
become	O
far	O
more	O
open	O
about	O
its	O
technology	O
as	O
it	O
has	O
tried	O
to	O
rally	O
U.S.	B-GPE
industry	O
to	O
head	O
off	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
,	O
who	O
now	O
dominate	O
the	O
market	O
for	O
dynamic	O
random	O
access	O
memory	O
chips	O
.	O


While	O
IBM	B-ORG
,	O
Armonk	B-GPE
,	O
N.Y.	B-GPE
,	O
makes	O
the	O
bulk	O
of	O
the	O
DRAMs	O
it	O
uses	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
make	O
the	O
equipment	O
needed	O
to	O
produce	O
those	O
chips	O
.	O


And	O
IBM	B-ORG
worries	O
that	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
will	O
take	O
over	O
that	O
equipment	O
market	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
unless	O
U.S.	B-GPE
semiconductor	O
companies	O
produce	O
enough	O
memory	O
chips	O
here	O
to	O
keep	O
U.S.	B-GPE
equipment	O
makers	O
healthy	O
.	O


Failure	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
equipment	O
makers	O
,	O
IBM	B-ORG
fears	O
,	O
would	O
leave	O
it	O
dependent	O
on	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
companies	O
that	O
compete	O
with	O
it	O
in	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


IBM	B-ORG
also	O
said	O
it	O
expects	O
to	O
benefit	O
from	O
the	O
expertise	O
that	O
Motorola	B-ORG
and	O
other	O
companies	O
can	O
bring	O
to	O
bear	O
on	O
the	O
difficult	O
problems	O
involved	O
in	O
semiconductor	O
manufacturing	O
.	O


IBM	B-ORG
already	O
participates	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
industrywide	O
effort	O
to	O
improve	O
semiconductor	O
-	O
manufacturing	O
techniques	O
.	O


IBM	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
expects	O
industrywide	O
efforts	O
to	O
become	O
prevalent	O
because	O
semiconductor	O
manufacturing	O
has	O
become	O
so	O
expensive	O
.	O


A	O
state	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
art	O
plant	O
cost	O
$	B-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
the	B-DATE
mid-1970s	I-DATE
but	O
costs	O
$	B-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
today	B-DATE
because	O
the	O
technology	O
is	O
so	O
complex	O
.	O


And	O
IBM	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
expects	O
the	O
costs	O
to	O
continue	O
climbing	O
.	O


IBM	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
said	O
Motorola	B-ORG
is	O
paying	O
just	O
a	O
nominal	O
fee	O
to	O
cover	O
the	O
21	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
agreement	O
,	O
acknowledged	O
some	O
companies	O
had	O
turned	O
down	O
its	O
invitation	O
to	O
join	O
in	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
said	O
that	O
was	O
mainly	O
because	O
the	O
project	O
may	O
not	O
bear	O
fruit	O
until	O
the	B-DATE
mid-1990s	I-DATE
.	O


IBM	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
thought	O
more	O
companies	O
would	O
become	O
interested	O
as	O
the	O
project	O
progresses	O
.	O


The	O
project	O
involving	O
Motorola	B-ORG
concerns	O
a	O
technique	O
,	O
called	O
X-ray	O
lithography	O
,	O
that	O
figures	O
to	O
be	O
crucial	O
to	O
future	O
generations	O
of	O
memory	O
chips	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
chips	O
are	O
produced	O
by	O
shining	O
light	O
through	O
a	O
mask	O
to	O
produce	O
an	O
image	O
on	O
the	O
chip	O
,	O
much	O
as	O
a	O
camera	O
produces	O
an	O
image	O
on	O
film	O
.	O


But	O
details	O
on	O
chips	O
must	O
now	O
be	O
extraordinarily	O
fine	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
wavelengths	O
of	O
even	O
ultraviolet	O
light	O
are	O
long	O
enough	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
images	O
they	O
draw	O
may	O
be	O
too	O
blurry	O
--	O
much	O
as	O
someone	O
using	O
a	O
wide	O
paintbrush	O
could	O
produce	O
a	O
broad	O
line	O
but	O
would	O
have	O
trouble	O
painting	O
a	O
thin	O
one	O
.	O


X-rays	O
,	O
by	O
contrast	O
,	O
travel	O
straighter	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
focused	O
more	O
tightly	O
than	O
light	O
.	O


X-rays	O
have	O
problems	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
make	O
the	O
masks	O
brittle	O
and	O
can	O
pass	O
through	O
material	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
supposed	O
to	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
assuming	O
those	O
problems	O
can	O
be	O
overcome	O
,	O
they	O
should	O
allow	O
for	O
memory	O
chips	O
that	O
could	O
approach	O
one	B-QUANTITY
billion	I-QUANTITY
bits	I-QUANTITY
of	O
information	O
--	O
250	B-CARDINAL
times	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
is	O
contained	O
in	O
the	O
four	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
megabit	I-QUANTITY
chips	O
that	O
are	O
just	O
reaching	O
the	O
market	O
and	O
a	O
million	B-CARDINAL
times	O
what	O
was	O
possible	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
mid-1970s	I-DATE
.	O


Allied	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Signal	I-ORG
Aerospace	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
received	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
65	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
contract	O
to	O
outfit	O
Continental	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
393	B-CARDINAL
planes	O
with	O
the	B-PRODUCT
Bendix	I-PRODUCT
/	I-PRODUCT
King	I-PRODUCT
Traffic	I-PRODUCT
Alert	I-PRODUCT
and	I-PRODUCT
Collision	I-PRODUCT
Avoidance	I-PRODUCT
System	I-PRODUCT
.	O


The	O
airborne	O
system	O
operates	O
independent	O
of	O
ground	O
-	O
based	O
radar	O
systems	O
,	O
informing	O
pilots	O
of	O
nearby	O
aircraft	O
,	O
Allied	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Signal	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
system	O
also	O
provides	O
course	O
-	O
correction	O
advisories	O
.	O


Allied	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Signal	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
Allied	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Signal	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
manufacturer	O
with	O
interests	O
in	O
aerospace	O
,	O
automotive	O
products	O
and	O
engineered	O
materials	O
.	O


Continental	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
Texas	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Houston	B-GPE
.	O


Comments	O
by	O
Federal	B-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Alan	B-PERSON
Greenspan	I-PERSON
lent	O
some	O
support	O
to	O
the	O
dollar	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
unit	O
ended	O
yesterday	B-DATE
lower	O
against	O
most	O
major	O
currencies	O
.	O


Foreign	O
-	O
exchange	O
dealers	O
noted	O
that	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
chairman	O
's	O
remarks	O
was	O
slight	O
and	O
warned	O
that	O
the	O
currency	O
remains	O
sensitive	O
to	O
developments	O
on	O
Wall	O
Street	O
.	O


Traders	O
said	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
statements	O
are	O
ordinarily	O
cautious	O
,	O
was	O
especially	O
careful	O
to	O
avoid	O
any	O
jarring	O
proclamations	O
,	O
with	O
fears	O
about	O
equities	O
still	O
unnerving	O
financial	O
markets	O
.	O


Testifying	O
before	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
Banking	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
Mr.	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
dollar	O
on	O
foreign	O
-	O
exchange	O
markets	O
is	O
n't	O
the	O
primary	O
policy	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
central	O
bank	O
.	O


``	O
Our	O
essential	O
focus	O
is	O
on	O
domestic	O
policy	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
goals	O
of	O
price	O
stability	O
and	O
a	O
stable	O
economy	O
.	O


In	O
perhaps	O
his	O
most	O
telling	O
remark	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
termed	O
the	O
current	O
U.S.	B-GPE
inflation	O
rate	O
of	O
around	B-PERCENT
4.5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
as	O
``	O
much	O
too	O
high	O
to	O
be	O
ignored	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
added	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
inflation	O
could	O
be	O
brought	O
down	O
``	O
close	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
zero	I-CARDINAL
''	O
without	O
throwing	O
the	O
economy	O
into	O
a	O
recession	O
.	O


Analysts	O
viewed	O
the	O
chairman	O
's	O
comments	O
as	O
an	O
indication	O
that	O
the	O
central	O
bank	O
is	O
disinclined	O
to	O
ease	O
monetary	O
policy	O
further	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
.	O


The	O
dollar	O
climbed	O
immediately	O
higher	O
on	O
news	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
's	O
testimony	O
,	O
settling	O
lower	O
in	O
later	O
trade	O
as	O
dealers	O
squared	O
positions	O
ahead	O
of	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
preliminary	O
report	O
on	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
U.S.	B-GPE
gross	O
national	O
product	O
.	O


In	O
late	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
trading	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
dollar	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
1.8353	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
,	O
down	O
from	O
1.8355	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
at	O
141.52	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
,	O
up	O
from	O
141.45	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
late	B-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
.	O


Sterling	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
$	O
1.6145	B-MONEY
,	O
up	O
from	O
$	O
1.6055	B-MONEY
late	B-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
currency	O
opened	O
for	O
trading	O
at	O
141.60	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
,	O
up	O
from	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
's	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
close	O
of	O
141.55	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Many	O
traders	O
forecast	O
a	O
continuation	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
recent	O
bearish	O
trend	O
and	O
predict	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
currency	O
will	O
remain	O
stuck	O
in	O
its	O
relatively	O
narrow	O
ranges	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
term	O
and	O
then	O
shift	O
lower	O
.	O


But	O
according	O
to	O
Doug	B-PERSON
Madison	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
corporate	O
trader	O
with	O
Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
,	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
short	O
positions	O
must	O
first	O
be	O
corrected	O
,	O
spurring	O
a	O
temporary	O
upswing	O
,	O
before	O
the	O
unit	O
can	O
turn	O
lower	O
.	O


He	O
predicts	O
a	O
downward	O
move	O
in	O
dollar	O
-	O
mark	O
trade	O
and	O
a	O
less	O
dramatic	O
slip	O
in	O
dollar	O
-	O
yen	O
,	O
noting	O
that	O
there	O
continues	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
large	O
pool	O
of	O
Japanese	B-NORP
investor	O
interest	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
securities	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
provide	O
a	O
solid	O
base	O
for	O
the	O
dollar	O
at	O
around	O
140	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Market	O
participants	O
hope	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
GNP	O
report	O
will	O
offer	O
more	O
substantial	O
evidence	O
on	O
U.S.	B-GPE
economic	O
growth	O
,	O
although	O
analysts	O
are	O
quick	O
to	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
figures	O
may	O
overstate	O
the	O
economy	O
's	O
vigor	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
`	O
r	O
'	O
word	O
is	O
looming	O
again	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
dealer	O
,	O
referring	O
to	O
persistent	O
concern	O
among	O
some	O
market	O
analysts	O
that	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
economy	O
is	O
heading	O
toward	O
a	O
major	O
slowdown	O
if	O
not	O
a	O
recession	O
.	O


Some	O
dealers	O
note	O
that	O
while	O
the	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
figures	O
may	O
appear	O
relatively	O
bullish	O
--	O
the	O
market	O
consensus	O
calls	O
for	O
a	O
2.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
annual	O
growth	O
rate	O
,	O
unchanged	O
from	O
the	O
second	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
rate	O
--	O
it	O
would	O
take	O
a	O
significantly	O
stronger	O
figure	O
to	O
alter	O
market	O
perceptions	O
that	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
softening	O
.	O


Some	O
analysts	O
reckon	O
that	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
figures	O
will	O
present	O
a	O
more	O
accurate	O
picture	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
economy	O
,	O
showing	O
a	O
marked	O
slowdown	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
sectors	O
,	O
including	O
housing	O
starts	O
and	O
equities	O
.	O


On	O
the	B-ORG
Commodity	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
gold	O
for	O
current	O
delivery	O
settled	O
at	O
$	O
369.10	B-MONEY
an	O
ounce	O
,	O
down	O
$	O
1.10	B-MONEY
.	O


Estimated	O
volume	O
was	O
a	B-QUANTITY
light	I-QUANTITY
1.7	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
ounces	I-QUANTITY
.	O


In	O
early	O
trading	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
gold	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
$	O
368.24	B-MONEY
an	O
ounce	O
.	O


Levi	B-ORG
Strauss	I-ORG
Associates	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
closely	O
held	O
owner	O
of	O
Levi	B-ORG
Strauss	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
its	O
fiscal	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
earnings	O
jumped	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
128.6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
from	O
$	B-MONEY
31.3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
,	O
aided	O
by	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
69.8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
gain	O
from	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
stock	O
in	O
a	O
Japanese	B-NORP
subsidiary	O
.	O


The	O
apparel	O
holding	O
company	O
had	O
sales	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
Aug.	I-DATE
27	I-DATE
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
up	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
$	B-MONEY
908.8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
company	O
said	O
its	O
quarterly	B-DATE
results	O
are	O
now	O
being	O
publicly	O
filed	O
as	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
formation	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
employee	O
stock	O
investment	O
plans	O
.	O


PAPERS	O
:	O


Thomson	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Globe	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Mail	I-ORG
newspaper	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
will	O
begin	O
transmitting	O
an	O
experimental	O
edition	O
to	O
selected	O
subscribers	O
'	O
facsimile	O
machines	O
.	O


The	O
four	B-CARDINAL
-	O
page	O
news	O
summary	O
will	O
be	O
aimed	O
at	O
readers	O
outside	O
Canada	B-GPE
or	O
in	O
Canadian	B-NORP
locations	O
where	O
the	O
national	O
daily	O
is	O
n't	O
available	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
publication	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Hartford	I-ORG
Courant	I-ORG
has	O
a	O
facsimile	O
edition	O
and	O
some	O
other	O
newspapers	O
are	O
considering	O
the	O
idea	O
.	O


WHO	O
'S	O
NEWS	O
:	O


Michael	B-PERSON
T.	I-PERSON
Carr	I-PERSON
,	O
advertising	O
director	O
of	O
Playboy	B-ORG
magazine	O
,	O
was	O
named	O
publisher	O
of	O
National	B-ORG
Lampoon	I-ORG
and	O
Heavy	B-ORG
Metal	I-ORG
magazines	O
,	O
succeeding	O
George	B-PERSON
Agoglia	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
management	O
change	O
since	O
film	O
-	O
makers	O
Daniel	B-PERSON
Grodnik	I-PERSON
and	O
Tim	B-PERSON
Matheson	I-PERSON
took	O
control	O
of	O
National	B-ORG
Lampoon	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
in	O
March	B-DATE
.	O


They	O
are	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
editor	O
for	O
National	B-ORG
Lampoon	I-ORG
and	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
sell	O
Heavy	B-ORG
Metal	I-ORG
.	O


French	B-NORP
chemicals	O
group	O
,	O
Orkem	B-ORG
S.A.	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
it	O
has	O
made	O
a	O
bid	O
for	O
control	O
of	O
Coates	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
British	B-NORP
manufacturer	O
of	O
inks	O
and	O
polyester	O
resins	O
.	O


State	O
-	O
controlled	O
Orkem	B-ORG
already	O
owns	O
40.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Coates	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
remainder	O
is	O
held	O
by	O
the	O
public	O
and	O
by	O
family	O
interests	O
,	O
a	O
spokeswoman	O
for	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
group	O
said	O
.	O


Orkem	B-ORG
declined	O
to	O
give	O
details	O
of	O
its	O
offer	O
,	O
saying	O
only	O
that	O
the	O
bid	O
will	O
be	O
submitted	O
for	O
approval	O
by	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
company	O
.	O


The	O
Democratic	B-NORP
-	O
controlled	O
House	B-ORG
,	O
by	O
a	O
margin	O
of	O
51	B-CARDINAL
votes	O
,	O
failed	O
to	O
override	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
veto	O
of	O
legislation	O
renewing	O
federal	O
support	O
of	O
Medicaid	B-ORG
abortions	O
for	O
poor	O
women	O
who	O
are	O
victims	O
of	O
rape	O
and	O
incest	O
.	O


The	O
231	B-CARDINAL
-	O
191	O
roll	O
call	O
illustrates	O
the	O
limits	O
of	O
power	O
a	O
resurgent	O
abortion	O
-	O
rights	O
movement	O
still	O
faces	O
.	O


It	O
continues	O
to	O
gain	O
strength	O
in	O
the	O
chamber	O
but	O
remains	O
far	O
short	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
majority	O
required	O
to	O
prevail	O
over	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
.	O


Democrats	B-NORP
voted	O
to	O
override	O
by	O
a	O
3	B-CARDINAL
-	O
1	O
margin	O
,	O
but	O
Republicans	B-NORP
were	O
equally	O
firm	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
the	O
president	O
,	O
who	O
has	O
threatened	O
to	O
make	O
abortion	O
a	O
decisive	O
issue	O
on	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
separate	O
fiscal	B-DATE
1990	I-DATE
spending	O
bills	O
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
vote	O
dealt	O
with	O
the	O
largest	O
of	O
these	O
bills	O
,	O
an	O
estimated	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
156.7	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
measure	O
funding	O
the	O
departments	O
of	O
Labor	B-ORG
,	O
Education	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
Health	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
.	O


To	O
gain	O
more	O
leverage	O
,	O
abortion	O
-	O
rights	O
advocates	O
may	O
seek	O
to	O
fold	O
the	O
bill	O
into	O
an	O
omnibus	O
continuing	O
resolution	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
the	O
stark	O
numbers	O
yesterday	B-DATE
--	O
when	O
282	B-CARDINAL
votes	O
were	O
needed	O
--	O
indicate	O
the	O
president	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
commanding	O
position	O
for	O
at	B-DATE
least	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
Unless	O
he	O
changes	O
,	O
they	O
lose	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
a	O
Democratic	B-NORP
leadership	O
aide	O
.	O


The	O
action	O
came	O
as	O
Congress	B-ORG
sent	O
to	O
the	O
president	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
a	O
stopgap	O
spending	O
bill	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
government	O
operating	O
through	O
Nov.	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
and	O
provide	O
$	B-MONEY
2.85	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
emergency	O
funds	O
to	O
assist	O
in	O
the	O
recovery	O
from	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
and	O
the	O
California	B-GPE
earthquake	O
.	O


By	O
a	O
lopsided	O
97	B-CARDINAL
-	O
1	O
margin	O
,	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
approved	O
the	O
measure	O
after	O
attaching	O
further	O
provisions	O
sought	O
by	O
the	O
influential	O
California	B-GPE
delegation	O
and	O
,	O
despite	O
reservations	O
,	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
adopted	O
the	O
bill	O
on	O
a	O
303	B-CARDINAL
-	O
107	O
roll	O
call	O
.	O


The	O
package	O
is	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
above	O
the	O
recommendations	O
of	O
Budget	B-ORG
Director	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Darman	I-PERSON
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
given	O
the	O
political	O
importance	O
of	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
administration	O
was	O
content	O
to	O
use	O
its	O
influence	O
to	O
prevent	O
any	O
Senate	B-ORG
amendments	O
adding	O
further	O
new	O
appropriations	O
.	O


The	O
$	B-MONEY
2.85	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
measure	O
comes	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1.1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
appropriated	O
after	O
Hugo	B-EVENT
struck	O
the	O
Carolinas	B-GPE
and	O
Caribbean	B-LOC
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
these	O
totals	O
do	O
n't	O
reflect	O
the	O
additional	O
benefit	O
of	O
low	O
-	O
interest	O
disaster	O
loans	O
.	O


The	O
bill	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
includes	O
$	B-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	O
help	O
finance	O
this	O
credit	O
and	O
further	O
raises	O
the	O
obligation	O
ceiling	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Small	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
sixfold	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
1.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
to	O
accommodate	O
the	O
expected	O
loan	O
activity	O
.	O


In	O
direct	O
cash	O
assistance	O
,	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
is	O
provided	O
in	O
federal	O
highway	O
construction	O
funds	O
,	O
and	O
$	B-MONEY
1.35	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
is	O
divided	O
between	O
general	O
emergency	O
aid	O
and	O
a	O
reserve	O
to	O
be	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
president	O
to	O
meet	O
unanticipated	O
costs	O
from	O
the	O
two	O
disasters	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
,	O
Majority	O
Whip	O
Alan	B-PERSON
Cranston	I-PERSON
used	O
his	O
position	O
to	O
win	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
expanded	O
credit	O
but	O
also	O
more	O
generous	O
treatment	O
than	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
had	O
permitted	O
in	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
highway	O
funds	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
emergency	O
assistance	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
counted	O
against	O
a	O
state	O
's	O
normal	O
allocation	O
of	O
annual	B-DATE
highway	O
funds	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
bill	O
circumvents	O
existing	O
restrictions	O
that	O
otherwise	O
would	O
prevent	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
federal	O
aid	O
to	O
repair	O
a	O
toll	O
road	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-FAC
San	I-FAC
Francisco	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Oakland	I-FAC
Bay	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
damaged	O
in	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
earthquake	O
.	O


The	O
underlying	O
stopgap	O
bill	O
is	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
required	O
by	O
Congress	B-ORG
this	B-DATE
fall	I-DATE
and	O
,	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
current	I-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
began	I-DATE
Oct.	I-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	O
only	O
the	O
Energy	B-ORG
and	O
Interior	B-ORG
departments	O
are	O
operating	O
on	O
permanent	O
appropriations	O
enacted	O
into	O
law	O
.	O


The	O
standoff	O
over	O
abortion	O
is	O
certain	O
to	O
contribute	O
to	O
further	O
delays	O
and	O
,	O
apart	O
from	O
the	O
health	O
and	O
education	O
measure	O
vetoed	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
bills	O
funding	O
the	B-GPE
District	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Columbia	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
entire	O
U.S.	B-GPE
foreign	O
-	O
aid	O
budget	O
are	O
in	O
jeopardy	O
because	O
of	O
related	O
abortion	O
or	O
family	O
-	O
planning	O
issues	O
.	O


The	O
vote	O
yesterday	B-DATE
was	O
the	O
most	O
partisan	O
in	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
though	O
the	O
Democratic	B-NORP
leadership	O
is	O
ambivalent	O
about	O
how	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
abortion	O
issue	O
,	O
the	O
debate	O
is	O
increasingly	O
measured	O
in	O
party	O
terms	O
.	O


The	O
189	B-CARDINAL
Democrats	B-NORP
who	O
supported	O
the	O
override	O
yesterday	B-DATE
compare	O
with	O
175	B-CARDINAL
who	O
initially	O
backed	O
the	O
rape	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
incest	O
exemption	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
and	O
136	B-CARDINAL
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
on	O
a	O
similar	O
vote	O
.	O


By	O
comparison	O
,	O
Republicans	B-NORP
have	O
held	O
closer	O
to	O
the	O
anti-abortion	O
movement	O
.	O


Only	B-CARDINAL
42	I-CARDINAL
GOP	B-ORG
members	O
opposed	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
veto	O
,	O
a	O
marginal	O
increase	O
over	O
the	O
vote	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
and	O
just	B-CARDINAL
12	I-CARDINAL
more	O
than	O
the	B-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
who	O
supported	O
the	O
rape	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
incest	O
exemption	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


At	O
a	O
recent	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
meeting	O
,	O
Rep.	O
Silvio	B-PERSON
Conte	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
R.	B-NORP
,	O
Mass.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
ranking	O
minority	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
Appropriations	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
argued	O
with	O
his	O
friend	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
against	O
a	O
veto	O
,	O
and	O
though	O
Mr.	O
Conte	B-PERSON
and	O
Minority	O
Leader	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Michel	I-PERSON
of	O
Illinois	B-GPE
stood	O
with	O
the	O
president	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
they	O
are	O
plainly	O
uncomfortable	O
with	O
his	O
position	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
political	O
issue	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
moral	O
issue	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Rep.	O
Henry	B-PERSON
Hyde	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
R.	B-NORP
,	O
Ill.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
eloquent	O
spokesman	O
for	O
the	O
anti-abortion	O
movement	O
.	O


But	O
after	O
years	B-DATE
of	O
using	O
the	O
issue	O
for	O
its	O
benefit	O
,	O
the	O
GOP	B-ORG
finds	O
its	O
candidates	O
on	O
the	O
defensive	O
.	O


New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
gubernatorial	O
candidate	O
Rep.	O
James	B-PERSON
Florio	I-PERSON
pointedly	O
returned	O
from	O
campaigning	O
to	O
vote	O
against	O
the	O
president	O
yesterday	B-DATE
in	O
contrast	O
with	O
his	O
opponent	O
,	O
GOP	B-ORG
Rep.	O
James	B-PERSON
Courter	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
ardently	O
supported	O
abortion	O
restrictions	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
but	O
was	O
absent	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
extraordinary	O
mix	O
of	O
cultures	O
and	O
church	O
-	O
state	O
powers	O
,	O
Rep.	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Dornan	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
R.	B-NORP
,	O
Calif	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
lectured	O
his	O
fellow	O
Roman	B-NORP
Catholics	I-NORP
--	O
including	O
Mr.	O
Florio	B-PERSON
--	O
for	O
having	O
the	O
``	O
chutzpah	O
''	O
to	O
disagree	O
with	O
the	O
hierarchy	O
of	O
their	O
church	O
on	O
abortion	O
.	O


Rep.	O
Les	B-PERSON
AuCoin	I-PERSON
was	O
as	O
blunt	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
the	O
abortion	O
-	O
rights	O
movement	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
may	O
not	O
make	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
term	O
president	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
the	O
Oregon	B-GPE
liberal	O
,	O
addressing	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
side	O
of	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
.	O


``	O
But	O
if	O
you	O
support	O
him	O
over	O
rape	O
victims	O
,	O
this	O
may	O
be	O
your	O
last	O
term	O
.	O
''	O


Separately	O
,	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
approved	O
a	O
nearly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
67	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
compromise	O
spending	O
bill	O
providing	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
construction	O
funds	O
for	O
the	O
administration	O
's	O
ambitious	O
space	O
station	O
in	O
fiscal	B-DATE
1990	I-DATE
and	O
incorporating	O
far	O
-	O
reaching	O
provisions	O
affecting	O
the	O
federal	O
mortgage	O
market	O
.	O


The	O
current	O
ceiling	O
on	O
home	O
loans	O
insured	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Housing	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
would	O
be	O
increased	O
to	O
$	O
124,875	B-MONEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
bill	O
gives	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Housing	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Urban	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
new	O
authority	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
refinancing	O
of	O
subsidized	O
loans	O
for	O
low	O
-	O
income	O
homeowners	O
.	O


By	O
a	O
325	B-CARDINAL
-	O
92	O
margin	O
,	O
the	O
Appropriations	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
leadership	O
beat	O
back	O
an	O
early	O
challenge	O
by	O
House	B-ORG
Banking	O
Chairman	O
Henry	B-PERSON
Gonzalez	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
to	O
the	O
FHA	B-ORG
provision	O
.	O


And	O
on	O
a	O
closer	O
250	B-CARDINAL
-	O
170	O
roll	O
call	O
,	O
lawmakers	O
upheld	O
controversial	O
agreements	O
made	O
by	O
a	O
House	B-ORG
-	O
Senate	O
conference	O
earmarking	O
community	O
development	O
funds	O
for	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
40	I-CARDINAL
projects	O
backed	O
by	O
often	O
influential	O
members	O
.	O


Rupert	B-PERSON
Murdoch	I-PERSON
acquired	O
a	O
25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
Grupo	B-ORG
Zeta	I-ORG
S.A.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
leading	O
Spanish	B-NORP
magazine	O
and	O
newspaper	O
publisher	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
transaction	O
called	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Murdoch	B-PERSON
's	O
News	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
Australia	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
News	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
to	O
subscribe	O
to	O
a	O
rights	O
issue	O
by	O
Zeta	B-ORG
valued	O
at	O
6.65	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
pesetas	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
57	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
.	O


Also	O
participating	O
in	O
the	O
issue	O
was	O
Servifilm	B-ORG
Spain	I-ORG
Cinematografica	I-ORG
S.A	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
film	O
producer	O
,	O
owned	O
by	O
Madrid	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
financier	O
Jacques	B-PERSON
Hachuel	I-PERSON
,	O
received	O
a	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
the	O
Barcelona	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
publishing	O
group	O
.	O


The	O
cash	O
injection	O
boosted	O
Zeta	B-ORG
's	O
capital	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
four-fold	I-CARDINAL
,	O
to	O
8.47	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
pesetas	I-MONEY
from	O
1.82	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
pesetas	I-MONEY
,	O
greatly	O
enhancing	O
the	O
group	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
make	O
investments	O
,	O
Zeta	B-ORG
officials	O
said	O
.	O


Following	O
its	O
failure	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
to	O
win	O
a	O
license	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Spain	B-GPE
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
three	B-CARDINAL
private	O
television	O
stations	O
,	O
Zeta	B-ORG
is	O
seeking	O
investment	O
opportunities	O
in	O
communications	O
and	O
publishing	O
.	O


With	O
annual	B-DATE
sales	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
pesetas	I-MONEY
,	O
Zeta	B-ORG
publishes	O
over	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
magazines	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
popular	O
Tiempo	B-ORG
,	O
Interviu	B-ORG
and	O
Panorama	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
three	B-CARDINAL
regional	O
dailies	O
.	O


Chairman	O
Antonio	B-PERSON
Asensio	I-PERSON
will	O
retain	O
a	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
share	O
in	O
Zeta	B-ORG
.	O


The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
is	O
expected	O
to	O
launch	O
its	O
own	O
program	O
trading	O
vehicle	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
just	O
as	O
controversy	O
over	O
this	O
trading	O
strategy	O
heats	O
up	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
plans	O
to	O
begin	O
trading	O
its	O
Exchange	O
Stock	O
Portfolio	O
``	O
basket	O
''	O
product	O
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
program	O
-	O
trading	O
vehicle	O
carrying	O
the	O
exchange	O
's	O
seal	O
of	O
approval	O
.	O


ESPs	O
will	O
allow	O
institutional	O
investors	O
to	O
buy	O
or	O
sell	O
all	O
500	B-CARDINAL
stocks	O
in	O
Standard	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Poor	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
index	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
trade	O
of	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


``	O
Customized	O
''	O
baskets	O
of	O
fewer	O
stocks	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
available	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
gave	O
provisional	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
approval	O
to	O
the	O
Big	B-ORG
Board	I-ORG
basket	O
at	O
a	O
meeting	O
late	B-DATE
yesterday	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
SEC	B-ORG
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
approved	O
a	O
similar	O
but	O
smaller	O
basket	O
product	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Chicago	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
Options	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
,	O
where	O
the	O
minimum	O
will	O
be	O
$	B-MONEY
1.7	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Also	O
approved	O
was	O
a	O
plan	O
to	O
trade	O
stock	O
portfolios	O
by	O
computer	O
after	O
regular	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
on	O
the	B-ORG
Midwest	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
basket	O
products	O
are	O
``	O
an	O
evolutionary	O
step	O
''	O
in	O
solving	O
problems	O
in	O
trading	O
big	O
blocks	O
of	O
stock	O
that	O
came	O
to	O
light	O
in	O
the	O
1987	B-DATE
market	O
crash	O
,	O
said	O
SEC	B-ORG
Commissioner	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
Grundfest	I-PERSON
.	O


New	O
SEC	B-ORG
Chairman	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Breeden	I-PERSON
,	O
overseeing	O
his	O
first	O
public	O
meeting	O
,	O
said	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
concerns	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
basket	O
could	O
attract	O
investors	O
with	O
a	O
``	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
perspective	O
''	O
who	O
would	O
rapidly	O
turn	O
over	O
the	O
product	O
,	O
thus	O
increasing	O
volatility	O
.	O


But	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Ketchum	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
's	O
market	O
regulation	O
chief	O
,	O
said	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
believe	O
``	O
this	O
will	O
spawn	O
dramatic	O
new	O
program	O
-	O
trading	O
strategies	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
destabilizing	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
baskets	O
on	O
the	O
Big	B-ORG
Board	I-ORG
and	O
CBOE	B-ORG
--	O
which	O
involve	O
the	O
actual	O
S&P	B-ORG
stocks	O
,	O
unlike	O
the	O
stock	O
-	O
index	O
contracts	O
currently	O
traded	O
on	O
the	O
Chicago	B-GPE
futures	O
markets	O
,	O
and	O
index	O
options	O
on	O
the	O
CBOE	B-ORG
--	O
will	O
begin	O
trading	O
as	O
critics	O
step	O
up	O
their	O
attacks	O
on	O
program	O
trading	O
and	O
its	O
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
's	O
wild	O
price	O
swings	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
argues	O
that	O
its	O
new	O
product	O
will	O
help	O
rather	O
than	O
hurt	O
the	O
situation	O
by	O
possibly	O
drawing	O
business	O
from	O
more	O
-	O
volatile	O
forms	O
of	O
program	O
trading	O
.	O


ESPs	O
are	O
also	O
an	O
attempt	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
to	O
head	O
off	O
the	O
exodus	O
of	O
program	O
trading	O
business	O
to	O
overseas	O
markets	O
such	O
as	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


Big	B-ORG
Board	I-ORG
officials	O
also	O
hope	O
Japanese	B-NORP
investors	O
will	O
become	O
interested	O
in	O
the	O
exchange	O
's	O
product	O
.	O


Already	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
own	O
floor	O
traders	O
are	O
warning	O
that	O
the	O
ESP	O
baskets	O
are	O
risky	O
and	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
best	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
investing	O
public	O
.	O


The	O
400	B-CARDINAL
-	O
member	O
Alliance	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Floor	I-ORG
Brokers	I-ORG
said	O
the	O
new	O
product	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
minimum	O
,	O
will	O
benefit	O
only	O
big	O
institutional	O
investors	O
and	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
``	O
wild	O
spasms	O
of	O
volatility	O
.	O
''	O


Stockbrokers	O
who	O
cater	O
to	O
individual	O
investors	O
said	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
new	O
product	O
confirms	O
the	O
exchange	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
curtail	O
program	O
trading	O
,	O
which	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
accounted	O
for	O
a	O
record	O
13.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
exchange	O
's	O
average	O
daily	B-DATE
volume	O
.	O


``	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
is	O
losing	O
its	O
cool	O
here	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
James	B-PERSON
Andrews	I-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
institutional	O
trading	O
at	O
Janney	B-ORG
Montgomery	I-ORG
Scott	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
in	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
new	O
stock	O
baskets	O
``	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
easier	O
for	O
program	O
trading	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
more	O
frequently	O
as	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
having	O
more	O
access	O
to	O
it	O
at	O
different	O
places	O
.	O
''	O


Both	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Exchange	O
Stock	O
Portfolio	O
and	O
the	O
Chicago	B-GPE
exchange	O
's	O
Market	O
Basket	O
are	O
designed	O
for	O
institutional	O
investors	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
lists	O
its	O
targets	O
as	O
pension	O
plans	O
,	O
mutual	O
fund	O
managers	O
and	O
index	O
-	O
arbitrage	O
traders	O
.	O


In	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
,	O
program	O
traders	O
buy	O
and	O
sell	O
stocks	O
and	O
stock	O
-	O
index	O
futures	O
to	O
profit	O
from	O
small	O
price	O
discrepancies	O
between	O
the	O
markets	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
only	B-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
securities	O
firms	O
have	O
signed	O
up	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
to	O
buy	O
and	O
sell	O
ESPs	O
as	O
market	O
makers	O
,	O
an	O
unenthusiastic	O
response	O
.	O


The	O
market	O
makers	O
so	O
far	O
are	O
CS	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
First	B-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
unit	O
,	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
PaineWebber	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
Salomon	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Salomon	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
unit	O
.	O


Kidder	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Peabody	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
General	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
unit	O
that	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
biggest	O
program	O
trader	O
along	O
with	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
market	O
maker	O
,	O
although	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
hopes	O
that	O
will	O
change	O
.	O


Similarly	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
hopes	O
to	O
entice	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


Neither	O
has	O
plans	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
market	O
maker	O
for	O
now	O
.	O


Traders	O
said	O
major	O
securities	O
firms	O
are	O
reluctant	O
to	O
become	O
market	O
makers	O
because	O
they	O
fear	O
the	O
baskets	O
may	O
attract	O
only	O
limited	O
trading	O
.	O


Big	B-ORG
Board	I-ORG
officials	O
say	O
only	B-CARDINAL
25	I-CARDINAL
contracts	O
a	O
day	O
may	O
trade	O
at	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
equivalent	O
to	O
a	O
day	B-DATE
's	O
action	O
at	O
a	O
small	O
,	O
regional	O
exchange	O
.	O


Even	O
though	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
says	O
its	O
product	O
represents	O
a	O
post-crash	O
``	O
reform	O
,	O
''	O
some	O
traders	O
suggest	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
new	O
basket	O
had	O
been	O
trading	O
during	O
this	O
month	B-DATE
's	O
Friday	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
13th	I-DATE
market	O
plunge	O
,	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
might	O
have	O
dropped	O
more	O
than	O
the	O
190	B-CARDINAL
points	O
it	O
did	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
futures	O
locked	O
into	O
a	O
trading	O
halt	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
and	O
trading	O
in	O
some	O
individual	O
stock	O
difficult	O
,	O
program	O
traders	O
would	O
have	O
undoubtedly	O
fled	O
to	O
the	O
basket	O
system	O
,	O
the	O
traders	O
say	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
we	O
had	O
the	O
baskets	O
,	O
we	O
would	O
be	O
leaving	O
in	O
caskets	O
,	O
''	O
one	B-CARDINAL
trader	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
SEC	B-ORG
's	O
Mr.	O
Breeden	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
after	O
-	O
hours	O
trading	O
on	O
the	O
Midwest	B-LOC
exchange	O
would	O
help	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
win	O
back	O
business	O
that	O
has	O
moved	O
overseas	O
to	O
conduct	O
after	O
-	O
hours	O
trades	O
.	O


Businessland	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
purchased	O
a	O
major	O
regional	O
computer	O
retailer	O
,	O
Data	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Computer	I-ORG
Centre	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Springfield	B-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
.	O


Terms	O
were	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
.	O


The	O
purchase	O
strengthens	O
San	B-GPE
Jose	I-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
Businessland	B-ORG
's	O
links	O
to	O
the	O
large	O
corporations	O
who	O
are	O
among	O
the	O
biggest	O
buyers	O
of	O
computers	O
.	O


Data	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
has	O
five	B-CARDINAL
retail	O
stores	O
in	O
the	O
northeast	O
,	O
but	O
specializes	O
in	O
selling	O
personal	O
computers	O
made	O
by	O
International	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Machines	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
Apple	B-ORG
Computer	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
to	O
banks	O
,	O
brokerage	O
firms	O
and	O
other	O
big	O
businesses	O
based	O
in	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
metropolitan	O
area	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Fitzsimmons	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
of	O
Data	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
the	O
company	O
was	O
profitable	O
and	O
expected	O
sales	O
of	O
nearly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
said	O
Businessland	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
operates	O
stores	O
in	O
50	B-CARDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
metropolitan	O
areas	O
,	O
planned	O
to	O
absorb	O
his	O
firm	O
's	O
operations	O
.	O


Eastman	B-ORG
Kodak	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	O
Rochester	B-GPE
,	O
N.Y.	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
its	O
Lehn	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Fink	I-ORG
Products	I-ORG
subsidiary	O
was	O
restructured	O
to	O
form	O
two	B-CARDINAL
operating	O
groups	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
for	O
household	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
cleaners	O
and	O
disinfectants	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
for	O
do	O
-	O
it	O
-	O
yourself	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
wood	O
finishes	O
and	O
stains	O
.	O


The	O
Montvale	B-GPE
,	O
N.J.	B-GPE
,	O
unit	O
said	O
the	O
new	O
operating	O
structure	O
``	O
creates	O
a	O
more	O
focused	O
and	O
responsive	O
organization	O
geared	O
to	O
effectively	O
managing	O
the	O
size	O
and	O
scope	O
of	O
the	O
unit	O
's	O
current	O
business	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
consumer	O
brands	O
unit	O
was	O
absorbed	O
by	O
the	O
photographic	O
,	O
pharmaceutical	O
and	O
chemical	O
concern	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
when	O
it	O
acquired	O
Sterling	B-ORG
Drug	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
a	O
related	O
matter	O
,	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Black	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
consumer	O
brand	O
Minwax	B-ORG
,	O
was	O
named	O
group	O
vice	O
president	O
for	O
the	O
household	O
products	O
operating	O
group	O
.	O


Kenneth	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Evans	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Thompson	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Formby	I-ORG
brand	O
,	O
was	O
named	O
group	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
do	O
-	O
it	O
-	O
yourself	O
operating	O
group	O
.	O


West	O
Texas	O
Intermediate	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
benchmark	O
crude	O
,	O
seemed	O
tethered	O
again	O
yesterday	B-DATE
in	O
trading	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Mercantile	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
.	O


Widely	O
expected	O
to	O
open	O
10	B-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
15	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
barrel	O
higher	O
on	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
statistics	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
December	B-DATE
contract	O
managed	O
to	O
start	O
the	O
session	O
only	B-MONEY
eight	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
higher	I-MONEY
.	O


In	O
the	B-TIME
last	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
of	O
the	O
trading	O
day	B-DATE
,	O
December	B-DATE
contract	O
took	O
a	O
tumble	O
to	O
end	O
the	O
session	O
10	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
lower	O
at	O
$	O
19.62	B-MONEY
a	O
barrel	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
that	O
the	O
price	O
has	O
fallen	O
below	O
$	O
19.65	B-MONEY
,	O
which	O
many	O
had	O
said	O
showed	O
considerable	O
resistance	O
,	O
some	O
traders	O
and	O
analysts	O
figure	O
there	O
's	O
little	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
price	O
from	O
going	O
lower	O
on	O
technical	O
decisions	O
.	O


With	O
no	O
petroleum	O
-	O
related	O
news	O
or	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
fundamentals	O
to	O
dictate	O
price	O
moves	O
,	O
``	O
technicians	O
are	O
wanting	O
to	O
sell	O
this	O
stuff	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Bolling	I-PERSON
of	O
Edge	B-ORG
Trading	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
And	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
,	O
the	O
technicians	O
may	O
have	O
their	O
way	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
market	O
quickly	O
discounted	O
the	O
weekly	B-DATE
inventory	O
report	O
showing	O
a	O
6.3	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrel	I-QUANTITY
decrease	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
crude	O
oil	O
stocks	O
as	O
the	O
legacy	O
of	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Jerry	I-EVENT
.	O


That	O
storm	O
hit	O
the	B-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
Coast	I-LOC
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
,	O
closing	O
the	B-ORG
Louisiana	I-ORG
Offshore	I-ORG
Oil	I-ORG
Port	I-ORG
for	O
a	O
time	O
and	O
preventing	O
tankers	O
from	O
unloading	O
.	O


Next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
report	O
could	O
very	O
well	O
show	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
crude	O
inventories	O
.	O


Dismissing	O
the	O
trade	O
group	O
's	O
numbers	O
left	O
traders	O
plenty	O
of	O
time	O
to	O
worry	O
anew	O
about	O
the	O
latest	O
reports	O
on	O
OPEC	B-ORG
production	O
.	O


An	O
AP	B-ORG
-	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
survey	O
of	O
integrated	O
oil	O
companies	O
,	O
independent	O
refiners	O
,	O
and	O
oil	O
industry	O
consultants	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Exporting	I-ORG
Countries	I-ORG
increased	O
its	O
production	O
to	O
22.2	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
.	O


Estimates	O
suggest	O
October	B-DATE
's	O
figure	O
may	O
be	O
even	O
higher	O
.	O


That	O
level	O
of	O
production	O
is	O
n't	O
of	O
much	O
concern	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
demand	O
continues	O
strong	O
,	O
analysts	O
said	O
.	O


But	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
is	O
generally	O
the	O
weakest	O
and	O
OPEC	B-ORG
production	O
does	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
slackening	O
in	O
anticipation	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
maintaining	O
current	O
demand	O
assumes	O
no	O
significant	O
slowdown	O
in	O
world	O
economies	O
.	O


To	O
top	O
off	O
the	O
bearish	O
factors	O
affecting	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
trading	O
,	O
late	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
weather	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
Northeast	B-LOC
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
continues	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
moderate	O
,	O
leaving	O
heating	O
oil	O
futures	O
trading	O
lackluster	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
are	O
n't	O
seeing	O
any	O
cold	O
weather	O
here	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Bolling	B-PERSON
said	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


In	O
other	O
commodity	O
markets	O
yesterday	B-DATE
:	O


GRAINS	O
AND	O
SOYBEANS	O
:	O


Soybean	O
and	O
corn	O
futures	O
prices	O
moved	O
higher	O
on	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
buying	O
from	O
commodity	O
pool	O
managers	O
trying	O
to	O
profit	O
from	O
technical	O
price	O
trends	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
continued	O
export	O
strength	O
.	O


A	O
leveling	O
off	O
of	O
farmer	O
selling	O
tied	O
to	O
the	O
harvest	O
also	O
removed	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
downward	O
pressure	O
on	O
futures	O
contract	O
prices	O
.	O


Wheat	O
futures	O
prices	O
fell	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
partly	O
in	O
reaction	O
to	O
the	O
rumored	O
selling	O
of	O
futures	O
contracts	O
equal	O
to	O
several	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
bushels	I-QUANTITY
of	O
wheat	O
by	O
commodity	O
speculator	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Dennis	I-PERSON
.	O


Neither	O
Mr.	O
Dennis	B-PERSON
nor	O
officials	O
of	O
his	O
Chicago	B-GPE
trading	O
company	O
,	O
C&D	B-ORG
Commodities	I-ORG
,	O
could	O
be	O
reached	O
for	O
comment	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
corn	O
and	O
soybean	O
futures	O
,	O
``	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
commission	O
house	O
buying	O
this	O
morning	O
and	O
computer	O
-	O
driven	O
buying	O
''	O
supported	O
prices	O
in	O
early	O
trading	O
,	O
said	O
Steven	B-PERSON
Freed	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
futures	O
analyst	O
with	O
Dean	B-ORG
Witter	I-ORG
Reynolds	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
.	O


Soybean	O
futures	O
for	O
November	B-DATE
delivery	O
gained	O
5.25	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
bushel	O
to	O
close	O
at	O
$	O
5.66	B-MONEY
a	O
bushel	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Chicago	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
.	O


December	B-DATE
corn	O
futures	O
added	O
2.25	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
bushel	O
to	O
close	O
at	O
$	O
2.4225	B-MONEY
a	O
bushel	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Board	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
.	O


Announced	O
and	O
anticipated	O
purchases	O
from	O
foreign	O
countries	O
are	O
also	O
supporting	O
futures	O
prices	O
.	O


``	O
Russian	B-NORP
ships	O
are	O
arriving	O
in	O
the	O
gulf	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
n't	O
enough	O
grain	O
in	O
the	O
pipeline	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Katharina	B-PERSON
Zimmer	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
futures	O
analyst	O
with	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


The	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
has	O
purchased	O
roughly	B-QUANTITY
eight	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
grain	O
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
take	O
delivery	O
by	O
year	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
,	O
analysts	O
said	O
.	O


COTTON	O
:	O


Futures	O
prices	O
rose	O
modestly	O
,	O
but	O
trading	O
volume	O
was	O
n't	O
very	O
heavy	O
.	O


The	O
December	B-DATE
contract	O
settled	O
at	O
73.97	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
pound	O
,	O
up	O
0.59	B-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
,	O
but	O
it	O
rose	O
as	B-MONEY
high	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
74.20	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
.	O


Several	O
cotton	O
analysts	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
move	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
mostly	O
technical	O
.	O


Traders	O
who	O
had	O
sold	O
contracts	O
earlier	B-DATE
,	O
in	O
hopes	O
of	O
buying	O
them	O
back	O
at	O
lower	O
prices	O
,	O
yesterday	B-DATE
were	O
buying	O
contracts	O
back	O
at	O
higher	O
prices	O
to	O
limit	O
their	O
losses	O
.	O


Floor	O
traders	O
also	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
market	O
could	O
have	O
been	O
helped	O
by	O
rumors	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
circulating	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
about	O
China	B-GPE
purchasing	O
cotton	O
.	O


The	O
rumor	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
neither	O
confirmed	O
nor	O
denied	O
,	O
has	O
China	B-GPE
buying	O
125,000	B-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
200,000	I-QUANTITY
bales	I-QUANTITY
for	O
near	O
-	O
term	O
delivery	O
.	O


One	O
floor	O
trader	O
said	O
that	O
if	O
there	O
were	O
Chinese	B-NORP
purchases	O
,	O
they	O
should	O
have	O
had	O
a	O
bigger	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


Another	O
said	O
that	O
if	O
China	B-GPE
was	O
a	O
buyer	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
earliest	O
that	O
country	O
had	O
made	O
purchases	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
1979	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
80	I-DATE
crop	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
thus	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
bullish	O
sign	O
.	O


This	O
trader	O
characterized	O
the	O
recent	O
price	O
action	O
as	O
a	O
contest	O
between	O
the	O
fundamentalists	O
,	O
who	O
see	O
higher	O
prices	O
ahead	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
technicians	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
basically	O
buying	O
cotton	O
toward	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
trading	O
range	O
,	O
around	B-MONEY
71	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
selling	O
it	O
when	O
the	O
price	O
climbs	O
more	O
than	O
74	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
.	O


This	O
trader	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
thought	O
the	O
market	O
would	O
turn	O
aggressively	O
bullish	O
from	O
a	O
technical	O
standpoint	O
if	O
the	O
December	B-DATE
contract	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
exceed	O
75.75	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
.	O


He	O
also	O
noted	O
that	O
stocks	O
on	O
Aug.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
are	O
currently	O
projected	O
at	O
3.3	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
bales	I-QUANTITY
,	O
the	O
smallest	O
end	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
season	I-DATE
supply	O
since	O
1985	B-DATE
.	O


COCOA	O
:	O


The	O
modest	O
sell	O
-	O
off	O
,	O
which	O
started	O
on	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
continued	O
.	O


The	O
December	B-DATE
contract	O
ended	O
at	O
$	O
999	B-MONEY
a	O
metric	O
ton	O
,	O
down	O
$	O
15	B-MONEY
.	O


The	O
market	O
is	O
drifting	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
partly	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
crop	O
information	O
out	O
of	O
Ghana	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
Ivory	I-GPE
Coast	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
largest	O
African	B-NORP
producers	O
.	O


Harry	B-PERSON
Schwartz	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
soft	O
commodity	O
specialist	O
for	O
Cargill	B-ORG
Investors	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
said	O
the	O
only	O
report	O
Ghana	B-GPE
has	O
issued	O
about	O
the	O
arrival	O
of	O
cocoa	O
from	O
the	O
interior	O
was	O
for	O
7,839	B-QUANTITY
metric	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
as	O
of	O
Oct.	B-DATE
12	I-DATE
.	O


By	O
this	B-DATE
time	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
noted	O
,	O
arrivals	O
totaling	O
33,270	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
had	O
been	O
announced	O
.	O


A	O
similar	O
situation	O
apparently	O
exists	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Ivory	I-GPE
Coast	I-GPE
with	O
no	O
figures	O
released	O
yet	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
compared	O
with	O
55,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
as	O
of	O
this	B-DATE
time	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
if	O
little	O
cocoa	O
actually	O
has	O
arrived	O
at	O
the	O
ports	O
,	O
shipping	O
delays	O
could	O
result	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
worry	O
that	O
probably	O
brought	O
steadiness	O
to	O
the	O
market	O
earlier	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
also	O
some	O
fear	O
that	O
without	O
Ivory	B-GPE
Coast	I-GPE
cocoa	O
a	O
large	O
French	B-NORP
cocoa	O
merchant	O
,	O
Cie	B-ORG
.	I-ORG
Financiere	I-ORG
Sucre	I-ORG
et	I-ORG
Denrees	I-ORG
,	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
deliver	O
cocoa	O
against	O
the	O
contracts	O
it	O
had	O
sold	O
earlier	B-DATE
for	O
December	B-DATE
delivery	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
merchant	O
has	O
about	B-QUANTITY
200,000	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
old	O
crop	O
Ivory	B-GPE
Coast	I-GPE
cocoa	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
from	O
an	O
agreement	O
it	O
had	O
negotiated	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
Ivory	I-GPE
Coast	I-GPE
last	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
.	O


Cargill	B-PERSON
thinks	O
that	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
merchant	O
has	O
a	O
contract	O
stating	O
that	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
bring	O
this	O
cocoa	O
to	O
market	O
until	O
after	O
March	B-DATE
1991	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
is	O
some	O
evidence	O
the	O
contract	O
has	O
been	O
modified	O
.	O


This	O
modification	O
,	O
apparently	O
,	O
would	O
permit	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
merchant	O
to	O
deliver	O
this	O
cocoa	O
,	O
if	O
necessary	O
,	O
against	O
existing	O
short	O
positions	O
.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
D.	I-PERSON
Sutton	I-PERSON
,	O
64	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
this	O
bank	O
-	O
holding	O
company	O
,	O
was	O
named	O
acting	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
its	O
First	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Toms	I-ORG
River	I-ORG
subsidiary	O
.	O


Joseph	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Robertson	I-PERSON
,	O
61	B-DATE
,	O
was	O
dismissed	O
from	O
those	O
posts	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
said	O
.	O


He	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
reached	O
and	O
a	O
company	O
spokesman	O
would	O
n't	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
dismissal	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Robertson	B-PERSON
was	O
also	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
First	O
National	O
Bank	O
of	O
New	O
Jersey	O
-	O
Salem	B-GPE
County	O
,	O
another	O
unit	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Toms	B-GPE
River	I-GPE
bank	O
.	O


Keith	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Tucker	I-PERSON
was	O
named	O
a	O
director	O
of	O
this	O
insurance	O
and	O
financial	O
services	O
concern	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Tucker	B-PERSON
,	O
44	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
president	O
of	O
Trivest	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
Trivest	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
closely	O
held	O
investment	O
companies	O
based	O
in	O
Miami	B-GPE
.	O


His	O
selection	O
increases	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
board	O
to	O
12	B-CARDINAL
members	O
.	O


Torchmark	B-ORG
also	O
said	O
that	O
Samuel	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
Upchurch	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
37	B-DATE
,	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
general	O
counsel	O
,	O
was	O
selected	O
to	O
serve	O
the	O
remainder	O
of	O
the	O
term	O
vacated	O
by	O
John	B-PERSON
S.P.	I-PERSON
Samford	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
resigned	O
as	O
director	O
.	O


Beghin	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Say	I-ORG
S.A.	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
it	O
plans	O
to	O
sell	O
its	O
remaining	O
paper	O
operations	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
January	I-DATE
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
drive	O
to	O
refocus	O
on	O
the	O
food	O
sector	O
and	O
lower	O
its	O
debt	O
.	O


The	O
French	B-NORP
unit	O
of	O
Ferruzzi	B-ORG
Agricola	I-ORG
Finanziaria	I-ORG
also	O
disclosed	O
a	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
rise	O
in	O
its	O
consolidated	O
net	O
profit	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
,	O
excluding	O
nonrecurring	O
items	O
and	O
after	O
payments	O
to	O
minority	O
interests	O
.	O


Beghin	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Say	I-ORG
said	O
the	O
sale	O
will	O
be	O
done	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
parts	O
and	O
will	O
raise	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
2.025	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
francs	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
325	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
include	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
its	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
joint	O
venture	O
Beghin	B-ORG
Corbehem	I-ORG
to	O
Feldemuehle	B-ORG
AG	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
paper	O
company	O
entered	O
the	O
venture	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
by	O
acquiring	O
a	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
,	O
also	O
from	O
Beghin	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Say	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
other	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
transaction	O
will	O
see	O
Beghin	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Say	I-ORG
sell	O
its	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
its	O
Kaysersberg	B-GPE
paper	O
affiliate	O
to	O
an	O
unspecified	O
unit	O
of	O
the	O
petrochemical	O
group	O
Montedison	B-ORG
S.p	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
A.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
also	O
controlled	O
by	O
Ferruzzi	B-ORG
.	O


And	O
in	O
a	O
separate	O
transaction	O
,	O
Beghin	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Say	I-ORG
will	O
sell	O
its	O
remaining	O
25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
interest	O
in	O
A.T.B.	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
holding	O
company	O
for	O
international	O
trading	O
assets	O
,	O
to	O
an	O
unspecified	O
unit	O
of	O
Ferruzzi	B-ORG
for	O
258	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
francs	I-MONEY
.	O


House	B-ORG
and	O
Senate	B-ORG
conferees	O
agreed	O
to	O
continue	O
production	O
of	O
Grumman	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
F	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
14	I-PRODUCT
and	O
to	O
provide	O
more	O
than	O
$	B-MONEY
3.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
Strategic	O
Defense	O
Initiative	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
current	I-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Industry	O
officials	O
and	O
congressional	O
aides	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
main	O
points	O
of	O
a	O
compromise	O
defense	O
authorization	O
bill	O
,	O
hammered	O
out	O
during	O
a	O
flurry	O
of	O
private	O
meetings	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
provide	O
a	O
face	O
-	O
saving	O
compromise	O
for	O
both	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
and	O
House	B-ORG
Democrats	B-NORP
.	O


Although	O
conferees	O
are	O
still	O
putting	O
the	O
finishing	O
touches	O
on	O
the	O
package	O
,	O
the	O
final	O
agreement	O
could	O
be	O
announced	O
as	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
as	I-DATE
tomorrow	I-DATE
.	O


An	O
announcement	O
is	O
more	O
likely	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
though	O
.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
other	O
supporters	O
of	O
SDI	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
take	O
credit	O
for	O
blocking	O
House	B-ORG
efforts	O
to	O
significantly	O
cut	O
the	O
program	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
space	O
-	O
based	O
antimissile	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
already	O
has	O
cost	O
some	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
17	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Senate	B-ORG
Armed	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Nunn	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Ga	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
and	O
other	O
Senate	B-ORG
conferees	O
have	O
opposed	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
cuts	O
,	O
stalling	O
for	O
almost	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
action	O
on	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
big	O
-	O
ticket	O
items	O
in	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
's	O
budget	O
.	O


The	O
Senate	B-ORG
voted	O
to	O
authorize	O
$	B-MONEY
4.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
for	O
SDI	O
spending	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
current	I-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
,	O
reflecting	O
a	O
dramatic	O
erosion	O
of	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
program	O
,	O
earmarked	O
only	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
3.1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Despite	O
the	O
widening	O
gap	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
,	O
conferees	O
eventually	O
followed	O
the	O
pattern	O
set	O
in	O
previous	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
by	O
opting	O
to	O
roughly	O
split	O
the	O
difference	O
.	O


That	O
would	O
hold	O
spending	O
on	O
the	O
program	O
at	O
about	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
level	O
.	O


The	O
decision	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
embattled	O
F	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
14	I-PRODUCT
's	O
production	O
line	O
running	O
for	O
at	B-DATE
least	I-DATE
another	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
is	O
an	O
important	O
victory	O
for	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
especially	O
for	O
Rep.	O
Les	B-PERSON
Aspin	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Wis	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
conferees	O
,	O
Rep.	O
Aspin	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
under	O
intense	O
pressure	O
from	O
his	O
colleagues	O
to	O
reject	O
Senate	B-ORG
provisions	O
that	O
would	O
have	O
abruptly	O
cut	O
further	O
F	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
14	I-PRODUCT
production	O
.	O


The	O
package	O
``	O
provides	O
a	O
temporary	O
,	O
golden	O
parachute	O
for	O
Grumman	B-ORG
,	O
''	O
according	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
congressional	O
aide	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
closed	O
-	O
door	O
bargaining	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
overall	O
agreement	O
,	O
Grumman	B-ORG
and	O
its	O
outspoken	O
supporters	O
on	O
Capitol	B-ORG
Hill	I-ORG
effectively	O
will	O
be	O
precluded	O
from	O
reopening	O
the	O
emotional	O
issue	O
in	O
the	O
debate	O
over	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
budget	O
.	O


Defense	B-ORG
Secretary	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
and	O
most	O
senators	O
contend	O
that	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
's	O
F	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
14	I-PRODUCT
is	O
too	O
expensive	O
in	O
an	B-DATE
era	I-DATE
of	O
shrinking	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
budgets	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
plane	O
boasts	O
a	O
strong	O
core	O
of	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
,	O
where	O
members	O
are	O
intent	O
on	O
saving	O
Grumman	B-ORG
jobs	O
and	O
are	O
worried	O
about	O
potential	O
shortages	O
of	O
carrier	O
-	O
based	O
aircraft	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
.	O


Conferees	O
also	O
agreed	O
to	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
requests	O
to	O
earmark	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
nearly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
for	O
work	O
on	O
both	O
mobile	O
MX	B-PRODUCT
and	O
Midgetman	B-PRODUCT
nuclear	O
missiles	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
congressional	O
aides	O
.	O


And	O
lawmakers	O
are	O
putting	O
the	O
finishing	O
touches	O
on	O
a	O
compromise	O
that	O
would	O
give	O
the	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
nearly	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
2.4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
it	O
wants	O
for	O
production	O
of	O
Northrop	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
radar	O
-	O
eluding	O
B	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
2	I-PRODUCT
bombers	O
,	O
which	O
cost	O
$	B-MONEY
530	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
apiece	O
.	O


The	O
final	O
B	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
2	I-PRODUCT
agreement	O
is	O
certain	O
to	O
require	O
detailed	O
testing	O
and	O
verification	O
of	O
the	O
bomber	O
's	O
capabilities	O
,	O
but	O
congressional	O
aides	O
said	O
the	O
accord	O
wo	O
n't	O
include	O
a	O
House	B-ORG
-	O
passed	O
provision	O
that	O
would	O
have	O
withheld	O
production	O
funds	O
until	O
Congress	B-ORG
approves	O
a	O
cheaper	O
,	O
scaled	O
-	O
down	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
70	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
fleet	O
of	O
132	B-CARDINAL
B	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
2s	I-PRODUCT
envisioned	O
by	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
.	O


Federal	O
health	O
officials	O
are	O
expected	O
today	B-DATE
to	O
approve	O
a	O
program	O
granting	O
long	O
-	O
deferred	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
drug	O
AZT	O
for	O
children	O
with	O
acquired	O
immune	O
deficiency	O
syndrome	O
.	O


Announcement	O
of	O
the	O
approval	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
by	O
Louis	B-PERSON
Sullivan	I-PERSON
,	O
secretary	O
of	O
Health	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
clearance	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Food	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Drug	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
comes	O
after	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
restricted	O
access	O
for	O
the	O
youngest	O
victims	O
of	O
AIDS	O
to	O
the	O
only	O
antiviral	O
drug	O
yet	O
cleared	O
to	O
treat	O
the	O
fatal	O
disease	O
.	O


The	O
drug	O
will	O
be	O
given	O
treatment	O
investigational	O
new	O
drug	O
status	O
,	O
a	O
label	O
accorded	O
to	O
drugs	O
believed	O
effective	O
but	O
lacking	O
formal	O
approval	O
.	O


The	O
move	O
will	O
make	O
the	O
drug	O
available	O
free	O
of	O
charge	O
for	O
a	O
time	O
to	O
children	O
with	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
symptoms	O
of	O
advanced	O
infection	O
.	O


Adults	O
with	O
AIDS	O
have	O
had	O
access	O
to	O
AZT	O
since	O
FDA	B-ORG
approved	O
the	O
drug	O
's	O
usage	O
for	O
adults	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
1987	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
despite	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
research	O
showing	O
AZT	O
can	O
relieve	O
dementia	O
and	O
other	O
symptoms	O
in	O
children	O
,	O
the	O
drug	O
still	O
lacks	O
federal	O
approval	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
youngest	O
patients	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
many	O
youngsters	O
have	O
been	O
unable	O
to	O
obtain	O
the	O
drug	O
and	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
few	O
exceptions	O
,	O
insurance	O
carriers	O
wo	O
n't	O
cover	O
its	O
cost	O
of	O
$	O
6,400	B-MONEY
a	O
year	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
AIDS	O
has	O
stricken	O
1,859	B-CARDINAL
children	O
under	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
13	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
many	O
times	O
that	O
number	O
believed	O
to	O
carry	O
the	O
infection	O
without	O
symptoms	O
.	O


To	O
date	O
,	O
1,013	B-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
children	O
have	O
died	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
federal	O
Centers	B-ORG
for	I-ORG
Disease	I-ORG
Control	I-ORG
.	O


Mothers	O
of	O
young	O
AIDS	O
patients	O
expressed	O
somber	O
satisfaction	O
.	O


``	O
Thank	O
goodness	O
it	O
's	O
happening	O
.	O


It	O
should	O
have	O
happened	O
sooner	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Elizabeth	B-PERSON
Glaser	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
mother	O
and	O
activist	O
who	O
contracted	O
the	O
AIDS	O
virus	O
through	O
a	O
blood	O
transfusion	O
,	O
and	O
transmitted	O
it	O
to	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
her	O
children	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
,	O
a	O
daughter	O
Ariel	B-PERSON
,	O
died	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
at	O
age	B-DATE
seven	I-DATE
after	O
her	O
parents	O
unsuccessfully	O
pleaded	O
for	O
the	O
drug	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
could	O
get	O
AZT	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mrs.	O
Glaser	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
bears	O
her	O
infection	O
without	O
any	O
symptoms	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
my	O
daughter	O
could	O
n't	O
,	O
until	O
she	O
was	O
too	O
ill	O
to	O
take	O
it	O
.	O


To	O
watch	O
your	O
child	O
die	O
is	O
an	O
inhuman	O
experience	O
.	O
''	O


Her	O
son	O
,	O
healthy	O
and	O
symptom	O
-	O
free	O
,	O
currently	O
takes	O
no	O
medication	O
.	O


The	O
delay	O
in	O
getting	O
AZT	O
to	O
children	O
has	O
been	O
blamed	O
on	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
factors	O
.	O


Traditionally	O
,	O
the	O
medical	O
establishment	O
has	O
waited	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
approve	O
adult	O
treatments	O
for	O
pediatric	O
uses	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
conservative	O
safety	O
standards	O
and	O
red	O
tape	O
.	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
critics	O
have	O
charged	O
AZT	O
's	O
maker	O
Burroughs	B-ORG
Wellcome	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
with	O
corporate	O
inertia	O
because	O
children	O
account	O
for	O
just	B-PERCENT
1	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
patient	O
population	O
and	O
hence	O
a	O
small	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
large	O
and	O
lucrative	O
market	O
.	O


Wellcome	B-ORG
has	O
replied	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
moving	O
ahead	O
to	O
compile	O
the	O
relevant	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
recently	O
promised	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
pediatric	O
syrup	O
form	O
easier	O
for	O
youngsters	O
to	O
take	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
all	O
this	O
comes	O
nearly	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
after	O
Philip	B-PERSON
Pizzo	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Cancer	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
offered	O
evidence	O
that	O
AZT	O
could	O
reverse	O
the	O
ravages	O
of	O
AIDS	O
dementia	O
,	O
sometimes	O
prompting	O
dramatic	O
recovery	O
of	O
IQ	O
levels	O
and	O
reappearance	O
of	O
lost	O
motor	O
skills	O
.	O


Since	O
then	O
,	O
roughly	B-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
pediatric	O
patients	O
have	O
received	O
the	O
drug	O
in	O
his	O
program	O
.	O


To	O
some	O
mothers	O
,	O
the	O
expected	O
FDA	B-ORG
action	O
is	O
a	O
poignant	O
reminder	O
of	O
what	O
might	O
have	O
been	O
.	O


``	O
My	O
first	O
reaction	O
is	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
why	O
it	O
's	O
taken	O
so	O
long	O
.	O


Why	O
has	O
it	O
taken	O
people	O
so	O
long	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
understand	O
pediatric	O
AIDS	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
problem	O
?	O
''	O
asked	O
Helen	B-PERSON
Kushnick	I-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
son	O
Samuel	B-PERSON
died	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
at	O
age	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
,	O
victim	O
of	O
a	O
tainted	O
transfusion	O
.	O


Similar	O
sentiments	O
were	O
voiced	O
on	O
Capitol	B-ORG
Hill	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
While	O
I	O
'm	O
pleased	O
the	O
FDA	B-ORG
is	O
finally	O
releasing	O
AZT	O
for	O
children	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
taken	O
much	O
too	O
long	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
this	O
point	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Rep.	O
Ted	B-PERSON
Weiss	I-PERSON
.	O


``	O
Why	O
did	O
it	O
take	O
Burroughs	B-ORG
Wellcome	I-ORG
so	O
long	O
to	O
apply	O
''	O
for	O
treatment	O
investigational	O
new	O
drug	O
status	O
?	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
Democrat	B-NORP
asked	O
.	O


``	O
Let	O
's	O
not	O
forget	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
company	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
profiteering	O
with	O
this	O
drug	O
for	O
2	B-DATE
1/2	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Weiss	B-PERSON
added	O
.	O


Mrs.	O
Glaser	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
a	O
co-founder	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Pediatric	I-ORG
AIDS	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
,	O
based	O
in	O
Santa	B-GPE
Monica	I-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
,	O
condemned	O
neither	O
bureaucratic	O
nor	O
corporate	O
foot	O
-	O
dragging	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
's	O
no	O
finger	O
to	O
be	O
pointed	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
crucial	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
learn	O
our	O
lesson	O
well	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
other	O
experimental	O
drugs	O
,	O
like	O
Bristol	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Myers	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
DDI	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
follow	O
the	O
same	O
frustrating	O
course	O
as	O
AZT	O
.	O
''	O


AIDS	O
dementia	O
--	O
which	O
gradually	O
steals	O
children	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
speak	O
,	O
walk	O
and	O
think	O
--	O
is	O
often	O
the	O
most	O
striking	O
aspect	O
of	O
the	O
pediatric	O
syndrome	O
.	O


For	O
some	O
patients	O
,	O
AZT	O
has	O
restored	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
ride	O
a	O
bicycle	O
or	O
solve	O
puzzles	O
,	O
giving	O
back	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
their	O
childhood	O
if	O
only	O
temporarily	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
impossible	O
to	O
overstate	O
how	O
much	O
this	O
means	O
to	O
the	O
families	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Samuel	B-PERSON
Broder	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Cancer	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
and	O
a	O
main	O
developer	O
of	O
AZT	O
.	O


THE	B-ORG
BIG	I-ORG
BOARD	I-ORG
PLANS	O
to	O
launch	O
its	O
own	O
vehicle	O
for	O
program	O
trading	O
today	B-DATE
amid	O
growing	O
controversy	O
over	O
the	O
practice	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
``	O
baskets	O
''	O
of	O
stocks	O
will	O
allow	O
big	O
investors	O
to	O
buy	O
or	O
sell	O
all	O
500	B-CARDINAL
S&P	B-ORG
index	O
stocks	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
trade	O
.	O


The	O
exchange	O
argues	O
that	O
the	O
product	O
,	O
which	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
temporarily	O
approved	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
will	O
help	O
ease	O
rather	O
than	O
worsen	O
any	O
volatility	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
.	O


SEC	B-ORG
Chairman	O
Breeden	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
would	O
consider	O
imposing	O
``	O
circuit	O
breakers	O
''	O
to	O
halt	O
program	O
trading	O
during	O
sharp	O
swings	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


Kemper	B-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
has	O
stopped	O
executing	O
its	O
stock	O
trades	O
through	O
four	B-CARDINAL
big	O
securities	O
firms	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
involvement	O
in	O
program	O
trading	O
,	O
which	O
Kemper	B-ORG
and	O
others	O
say	O
is	O
ruining	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


The	O
main	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
tax	O
plan	O
in	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
is	O
n't	O
winning	O
support	O
from	O
Democrats	B-NORP
who	O
favor	O
a	O
reduction	O
.	O


The	O
trend	O
is	O
making	O
proponents	O
less	O
optimistic	O
a	O
tax	O
cut	O
will	O
pass	O
.	O


Bethlehem	B-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
profit	O
plunged	O
54	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
hurt	O
by	O
higher	O
costs	O
and	O
lower	O
shipments	O
to	O
key	O
clients	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
Armco	B-ORG
and	O
National	B-ORG
Intergroup	I-ORG
had	O
lower	O
operating	O
profit	O
in	O
steel	O
,	O
marking	O
what	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
industry	O
boom	O
.	O


Columbia	B-ORG
S&L	I-ORG
posted	O
a	O
quarterly	B-DATE
loss	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
226.3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
as	O
the	O
Beverly	B-GPE
Hills	I-GPE
thrift	O
reeled	O
from	O
new	O
industry	O
rules	O
and	O
turmoil	O
in	O
junk	O
bonds	O
.	O


Anheuser	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Busch	I-ORG
plans	O
to	O
aggressively	O
discount	O
its	O
major	O
beer	O
brands	O
,	O
setting	O
the	O
stage	O
for	O
a	O
price	O
war	O
as	O
the	O
beer	O
industry	O
's	O
growth	O
slows	O
.	O


PS	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Hampshire	I-ORG
received	O
a	O
sweetened	O
bid	O
from	O
another	O
suitor	O
,	O
United	B-PERSON
Illuminating	I-PERSON
,	O
which	O
valued	O
its	O
new	O
proposal	O
at	O
$	B-MONEY
2.29	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
apparently	O
topping	O
all	O
others	O
so	O
far	O
.	O


Financial	O
markets	O
quieted	O
,	O
with	O
stock	O
prices	O
edging	O
lower	O
,	O
bonds	O
inching	O
up	O
and	O
the	O
dollar	O
almost	O
unchanged	O
.	O


The	O
Dow	B-ORG
Jones	I-ORG
industrials	O
closed	O
off	O
5.94	B-CARDINAL
points	O
,	O
at	O
2653.28	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Fed	B-ORG
Chairman	O
Greenspan	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
central	O
bank	O
can	O
wipe	O
out	O
inflation	O
without	O
causing	O
a	O
recession	O
,	O
but	O
doing	O
so	O
will	O
inflict	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
pain	O
.	O


GM	B-ORG
's	O
Hughes	B-ORG
Electronics	I-ORG
unit	O
said	O
profit	O
slid	O
22	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
finance	O
unit	O
,	O
GMAC	B-ORG
,	O
said	O
net	O
fell	O
3.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
but	O
EDS	B-ORG
's	O
profit	O
rose	O
16	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Campeau	B-ORG
reportedly	O
may	O
receive	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
1.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
offer	O
for	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
from	O
Tokyu	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
Store	I-ORG
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Campeau	B-ORG
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
.	O


UAL	B-ORG
's	O
pilots	O
and	O
machinists	O
unions	O
appear	O
to	O
hold	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
any	O
future	O
takeover	O
bid	O
for	O
the	O
airline	O
.	O


Provigo	B-ORG
plans	O
to	O
sell	O
all	O
non-food	O
operations	O
to	O
refocus	O
on	O
its	O
retail	O
and	O
wholesale	O
grocery	O
business	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
Chairman	O
Pierre	B-PERSON
Lortie	I-PERSON
resigned	O
.	O


Westinghouse	B-ORG
expects	O
operating	O
margins	O
of	O
over	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
sharply	O
higher	O
earnings	O
per	O
share	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
due	O
to	O
a	O
major	O
restructuring	O
.	O


Some	O
major	O
U.S.	B-GPE
trade	O
partners	O
quickly	O
rejected	O
a	O
compromise	O
proposal	O
by	O
Bush	B-PERSON
to	O
liberalize	O
trade	O
and	O
reduce	O
farm	O
-	O
product	O
subsidies	O
.	O


Markets	O
--	O


Stocks	O
:	O
Volume	O
155,650,000	B-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


Dow	B-ORG
Jones	I-ORG
industrials	O
2653.28	B-CARDINAL
,	O
off	O
5.94	B-CARDINAL
;	O
transportation	O
1199.32	B-CARDINAL
,	O
off	O
11.38	B-CARDINAL
;	O
utilities	O
216.49	B-CARDINAL
,	O
up	O
1.45	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Bonds	O
:	O
Shearson	B-ORG
Lehman	I-ORG
Hutton	I-ORG
Treasury	B-ORG
index	O
3427.39	B-CARDINAL
,	O
up	O


Commodities	O
:	O
Dow	B-ORG
Jones	I-ORG
futures	O
index	O
129.48	B-CARDINAL
,	O
up	O
0.24	B-CARDINAL
;	O
spot	O
index	O
130.73	B-CARDINAL
,	O
off	O
0.03	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Dollar	O
:	O
141.52	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
,	O
up	O
0.07	B-CARDINAL
;	O
1.8353	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
,	O
off	O
0.0002	B-CARDINAL
.	O


GORBACHEV	B-PERSON
SAID	O
Moscow	B-GPE
wo	O
n't	O
intervene	O
in	O
East	B-LOC
bloc	I-LOC
moves	O
to	O
democracy	O
.	O


The	O
Kremlin	B-ORG
leader	O
,	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
a	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
official	O
visit	O
to	O
Helsinki	B-ORG
,	O
assured	O
Finland	B-GPE
's	O
president	O
that	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
has	O
``	O
no	O
moral	O
or	O
political	O
right	O
''	O
to	O
interfere	O
with	O
moves	O
toward	O
democracy	O
in	O
Poland	B-GPE
,	O
Hungary	B-GPE
or	O
elsewhere	O
in	O
Eastern	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
.	O


In	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
State	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
announced	O
a	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
devaluation	O
of	O
the	O
ruble	O
against	O
the	O
dollar	O
for	O
private	O
transactions	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
apparent	O
attempt	O
to	O
curb	O
a	O
black	O
market	O
for	O
hard	O
currency	O
.	O


The	O
action	O
will	O
establish	O
a	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
tier	O
exchange	O
rate	O
.	O


Workers	O
at	O
six	B-CARDINAL
mines	O
in	O
Arctic	B-LOC
Circle	I-LOC
coal	O
fields	O
called	O
strikes	O
over	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
economic	O
and	O
political	O
demands	O
.	O


The	O
move	O
defied	O
a	O
law	O
,	O
approved	O
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
banning	O
such	O
walkouts	O
.	O


THE	O
HOUSE	B-ORG
FAILED	O
to	O
override	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
veto	O
of	O
a	O
bill	O
easing	O
abortion	O
funding	O
.	O


The	O
chamber	O
voted	O
231	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
191	I-CARDINAL
,	O
51	B-CARDINAL
votes	O
short	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
majority	O
needed	O
to	O
overturn	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
veto	O
of	O
legislation	O
renewing	O
support	O
of	O
Medicaid	B-ORG
abortions	O
for	O
poor	O
women	O
who	O
are	O
victims	O
of	O
rape	O
and	O
incest	O
.	O


The	O
roll	O
call	O
was	O
considered	O
an	O
illustration	O
of	O
the	O
limits	O
of	O
power	O
that	O
the	O
resurgent	O
abortion	O
-	O
rights	O
movement	O
faces	O
.	O


The	O
legislation	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
156.7	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
measure	O
funding	O
the	O
departments	O
of	O
Labor	B-ORG
,	O
Education	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
Health	B-ORG
.	O


Michigan	B-GPE
's	O
Senate	B-ORG
passed	O
a	O
bill	O
requiring	O
girls	O
to	O
get	O
parental	O
consent	O
for	O
an	O
abortion	O
and	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
's	O
House	B-ORG
cleared	O
a	O
measure	O
banning	O
abortions	O
after	O
the	B-DATE
24th	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
of	O
pregnancy	O
.	O


The	O
FDA	B-ORG
is	O
expected	O
to	O
approve	O
today	B-DATE
a	O
program	O
granting	O
access	O
free	O
of	O
charge	O
to	O
the	O
drug	O
AZT	O
for	O
children	O
with	O
AIDS	O
.	O


Adults	O
have	O
had	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
only	O
approved	O
antiviral	O
drug	O
since	O
1987	B-DATE
.	O


Research	O
shows	O
AZT	O
can	O
relieve	O
dementia	O
and	O
other	O
symptoms	O
in	O
children	O
,	O
1,859	B-CARDINAL
of	O
whom	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
infected	O
.	O


Congress	B-ORG
sent	O
to	O
Bush	B-PERSON
a	O
$	B-MONEY
2.85	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
emergency	O
package	O
to	O
assist	O
in	O
the	O
recovery	O
from	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
California	B-GPE
earthquake	O
and	O
from	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
.	O


The	O
action	O
came	O
after	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
approved	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
-	O
passed	O
measure	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
San	B-LOC
Francisco	I-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
area	O
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
13,000	I-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
homeless	O
and	O
landslides	O
threatened	O
more	O
houses	O
.	O


House	B-ORG
-	O
Senate	O
conferees	O
agreed	O
to	O
continue	O
production	O
of	O
Grumman	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
F	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
14	I-PRODUCT
jet	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
more	O
than	O
$	B-MONEY
3.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
during	O
the	B-DATE
current	I-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
develop	O
a	O
space	O
-	O
based	O
anti-missile	O
system	O
.	O


The	O
final	O
package	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
announced	O
within	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
has	O
decided	O
to	O
seek	O
changes	O
in	O
pesticide	O
law	O
that	O
are	O
aimed	O
at	O
speeding	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
harmful	O
chemicals	O
from	O
the	O
food	O
supply	O
.	O


The	O
changes	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
announced	O
as	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
as	I-DATE
today	I-DATE
,	O
would	O
apply	O
to	O
pesticides	O
and	O
other	O
substances	O
found	O
on	O
fresh	O
and	O
processed	O
foods	O
,	O
officials	O
said	O
.	O


East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
leader	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
was	O
willing	O
to	O
hold	O
talks	O
with	O
opposition	O
groups	O
pressing	O
for	O
internal	O
changes	O
.	O


The	O
Communist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
chief	O
,	O
facing	O
what	O
is	O
viewed	O
as	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
worst	O
unrest	O
in	O
nearly	B-DATE
40	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
also	O
said	O
he	O
would	O
allow	O
East	B-NORP
Germans	I-NORP
to	O
travel	O
abroad	O
more	O
freely	O
,	O
but	O
made	O
clear	O
that	O
the	B-FAC
Berlin	I-FAC
Wall	I-FAC
would	O
remain	O
.	O


A	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
Christian	B-NORP
alliance	O
accepted	O
an	O
Arab	B-NORP
-	O
sponsored	O
proposal	O
aimed	O
at	O
ending	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
's	O
14	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
civil	O
war	O
.	O


The	O
move	O
by	O
the	O
coalition	O
of	O
political	O
parties	O
and	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
Christian	B-NORP
militia	O
isolated	O
military	O
chief	O
Aoun	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
rejected	O
the	O
plan	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
political	O
changes	O
and	O
a	O
Syrian	B-NORP
troop	O
withdrawal	O
from	O
Beirut	B-GPE
.	O


Baker	B-PERSON
offered	O
to	O
review	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
``	O
suggested	O
changes	O
''	O
to	O
his	O
proposal	O
for	O
direct	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
talks	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
secretary	O
of	O
state	O
advised	O
Israel	B-GPE
that	O
attempting	O
to	O
overhaul	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
-	O
point	O
plan	O
risked	O
delaying	O
the	O
negotiations	O
aimed	O
at	O
Mideast	B-LOC
peace	O
.	O


NATO	B-ORG
defense	O
ministers	O
said	O
the	O
16	B-CARDINAL
-	O
nation	O
alliance	O
continues	O
to	O
need	O
a	O
strong	O
nuclear	O
strategy	O
despite	O
political	O
changes	O
in	O
Eastern	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
ministers	O
,	O
concluding	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
meeting	O
in	O
southern	O
Portugal	B-GPE
,	O
welcomed	O
Moscow	B-GPE
's	O
pledges	O
to	O
cut	O
its	O
military	O
forces	O
,	O
but	O
urged	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
to	O
do	O
more	O
to	O
slash	O
short	O
-	O
range	O
nuclear	O
weapons	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
indicated	O
a	O
possible	O
challenge	O
to	O
a	O
court	O
order	O
allowing	O
former	O
National	O
Security	O
Adviser	O
Poindexter	B-PERSON
to	O
subpoena	O
ex-President	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
's	O
personal	O
papers	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
defense	O
case	O
against	O
Iran	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Contra	I-EVENT
charges	O
.	O


A	O
department	O
spokesman	O
said	O
the	O
ruling	O
``	O
raised	O
a	O
serious	O
question	O
''	O
about	O
the	O
office	O
of	O
the	O
president	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
said	O
Washington	B-GPE
would	O
continue	O
a	O
trade	O
embargo	O
against	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
,	O
declaring	O
that	O
the	O
Central	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
country	O
poses	O
``	O
an	O
unusual	O
and	O
extraordinary	O
threat	O
''	O
to	O
the	O
security	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	O
Baker	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
protested	O
to	O
Moscow	B-GPE
over	O
shipments	O
of	O
East	B-LOC
bloc	I-LOC
arms	O
to	O
Salvadoran	B-NORP
rebels	O
from	O
Managua	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
landslide	O
engulfed	O
a	O
hillside	O
slum	O
in	O
Sao	B-GPE
Paulo	I-GPE
,	O
Brazil	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
children	O
,	O
were	O
missing	O
and	O
feared	O
dead	O
.	O


The	O
city	O
's	O
mayor	O
vowed	O
to	O
take	O
legal	O
action	O
against	O
developers	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
excavating	O
at	O
the	O
crest	O
of	O
the	O
hill	O
.	O


Czechoslovakia	B-GPE
's	O
premier	O
said	O
he	O
supports	O
broad	O
political	O
and	O
economic	O
restructuring	O
,	O
but	O
ruled	O
out	O
any	O
dialogue	O
between	O
Prague	B-GPE
's	O
Communist	B-NORP
government	O
and	O
independent	O
human	O
-	O
rights	O
or	O
dissident	O
groups	O
.	O


Ladislav	B-PERSON
Adamec	I-PERSON
,	O
ending	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
visit	O
to	O
Austria	B-GPE
,	O
pledged	O
changes	O
in	O
Czechoslovakia	B-GPE
,	O
including	O
freer	O
travel	O
to	O
the	O
West	O
.	O


Died	O
:	O
Mary	B-PERSON
McCarthy	I-PERSON
,	O
77	B-DATE
,	O
novelist	O
and	O
literary	O
critic	O
,	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
of	O
cancer	O
...	O
.	O


Marion	B-PERSON
Harper	I-PERSON
,	O
73	B-DATE
,	O
founder	O
and	O
ex-chief	O
executive	O
of	O
Interpublic	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Cos.	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
Oklahoma	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
of	O
a	O
heart	O
attack	O
.	O


Adolph	B-ORG
Coors	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
William	B-PERSON
K.	I-PERSON
Coors	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
,	O
assumed	O
the	O
additional	O
responsibilities	O
of	O
president	O
,	O
succeeding	O
Jeffrey	B-PERSON
H.	I-PERSON
Coors	I-PERSON
.	O


Jeffrey	B-PERSON
Coors	I-PERSON
,	O
44	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
had	O
been	O
president	O
since	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
he	O
succeeded	O
his	O
father	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
in	O
the	O
job	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
brewer	O
said	O
Jeffrey	B-PERSON
Coors	I-PERSON
voluntarily	O
gave	O
up	O
the	O
position	O
to	O
focus	O
more	O
of	O
his	O
energy	O
on	O
Coors	B-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
small	O
unit	O
of	O
Coors	B-ORG
he	O
has	O
run	O
for	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
Coors	B-ORG
spokesman	O
said	O
the	O
company	O
does	O
n't	O
believe	O
the	O
move	O
will	O
further	O
increase	O
William	B-PERSON
Coors	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
influence	O
or	O
reduce	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
Jeffrey	B-PERSON
Coors	I-PERSON
,	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Coors	I-PERSON
or	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
Coors	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
run	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
three	B-CARDINAL
operating	O
units	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
certainly	O
was	O
n't	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
demotion	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
Pete	B-PERSON
and	O
Jeff	B-PERSON
and	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
have	O
taken	O
over	O
the	O
reins	O
and	O
are	O
doing	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
work	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
this	O
will	O
affect	O
that	O
.	O
''	O


Jeffrey	B-PERSON
,	O
Peter	B-PERSON
and	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
are	O
brothers	O
.	O


William	B-PERSON
Coors	I-PERSON
is	O
their	O
uncle	O
.	O


Jeffrey	B-PERSON
,	O
Peter	B-PERSON
,	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
William	B-PERSON
and	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
Sr.	I-PERSON
constitute	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
board	O
.	O


Peter	B-PERSON
Coors	I-PERSON
runs	O
the	O
Coors	B-ORG
Brewing	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
unit	O
,	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
-	O
largest	O
brewery	O
that	O
accounted	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
1.24	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
Adolph	B-ORG
Coors	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
$	B-MONEY
1.52	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
1988	B-DATE
sales	O
.	O


Joseph	B-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
runs	O
Coors	B-ORG
Ceramics	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
other	O
operating	O
unit	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
1988	B-DATE
sales	O
.	O


Dun	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Bradstreet	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
business	O
failures	O
fell	O
17.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
11,586	B-CARDINAL
in	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
from	O
14,099	B-CARDINAL
in	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
nine	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
business	O
failures	O
dropped	O
15.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
37,820	B-CARDINAL
from	O
44,796	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Except	O
for	O
a	O
few	O
spots	O
,	O
notably	O
Georgia	B-GPE
,	O
Virginia	B-GPE
and	O
Michigan	B-GPE
,	O
failures	O
declined	O
almost	O
across	O
the	O
board	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
business	O
information	O
services	O
company	O
.	O


D&B	B-ORG
defines	O
a	O
business	O
failure	O
as	O
a	O
company	O
that	O
closes	O
with	O
losses	O
to	O
creditors	O
.	O


The	O
current	O
decline	O
in	O
failures	O
continues	O
a	O
trend	O
begun	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
1987	I-DATE
,	O
D&B	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
drop	O
accelerated	O
in	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
underscoring	O
an	O
overall	O
lack	O
of	O
stress	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
economy	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
said	O
.	O


Failures	O
in	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
of	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
regional	O
areas	O
fell	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
nine	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-LOC
South	I-LOC
Atlantic	I-LOC
States	I-LOC
were	O
the	O
only	O
region	O
to	O
report	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
bankruptcies	O
,	O
up	O
5.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
5,791	B-CARDINAL
from	O
5,502	B-CARDINAL
.	O


This	O
occurred	O
partly	O
because	O
of	O
more	O
competition	O
as	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
businesses	O
surged	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
industry	O
sector	O
to	O
report	O
more	O
business	O
failures	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
nine	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
was	O
the	O
finance	O
,	O
insurance	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
estate	O
sector	O
,	O
where	O
bankruptcies	O
grew	O
8.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
2,046	B-CARDINAL
from	O
1,892	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
troubled	O
savings	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
loan	O
industry	O
and	O
subsequent	O
stress	O
in	O
real	O
-	O
estate	O
businesses	O
fueled	O
bankruptcies	O
in	O
this	O
sector	O
,	O
D&B	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


A	O
major	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
newspaper	O
reported	O
that	O
a	O
Japanese	B-NORP
department	O
store	O
concern	O
is	O
planning	O
to	O
offer	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
to	O
buy	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
.	O


Campeau	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
chain	O
's	O
owner	O
,	O
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
report	O
.	O


A	O
spokeswoman	O
said	O
Toronto	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
Campeau	B-ORG
has	O
received	O
``	O
expressions	O
of	O
interest	O
''	O
in	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
,	O
but	O
she	O
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
whether	O
any	O
actual	O
bids	O
had	O
been	O
made	O
.	O


Nihon	B-ORG
Keizai	I-ORG
Shimbun	I-ORG
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
leading	O
economic	O
newspaper	O
,	O
reported	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
that	O
Tokyu	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
Store	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
is	O
planning	O
to	O
team	O
up	O
with	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Western	B-NORP
European	I-NORP
financing	O
to	O
buy	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
-	O
based	O
retail	O
chain	O
,	O
which	O
Campeau	B-ORG
has	O
put	O
up	O
for	O
sale	O
.	O


The	O
service	O
did	O
n't	O
identify	O
its	O
Tokyu	B-ORG
sources	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
many	O
rumors	O
we	O
expect	O
to	O
hear	O
during	O
the	O
sale	O
's	O
process	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
a	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
spokesman	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
wo	O
n't	O
comment	O
on	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


Tokyu	B-ORG
executives	O
were	O
n't	O
available	O
for	O
comment	O
early	O
Thursday	B-DATE
morning	B-TIME
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
.	O


Campeau	B-ORG
's	O
chairman	O
,	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Campeau	I-PERSON
,	O
said	O
at	O
its	O
annual	B-DATE
meeting	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
that	O
he	O
valued	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
at	O
$	B-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Among	O
previously	O
disclosed	O
possible	O
bidders	O
is	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Marvin	B-PERSON
Traub	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
aligned	O
himself	O
with	O
Drexel	B-ORG
Burnham	I-ORG
Lambert	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
Blackstone	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
.	O


Investment	O
bankers	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
confirmed	O
that	O
Tokyu	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
Store	I-ORG
is	O
one	O
of	O
several	O
Japanese	B-NORP
companies	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
approached	O
by	O
representatives	O
of	O
a	O
management	O
committee	O
headed	O
by	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Mr.	O
Traub	B-PERSON
.	O


But	O
they	O
said	O
detailed	O
financial	O
figures	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
passed	O
yet	O
to	O
any	O
prospective	O
buyers	O
.	O


``	O
Nobody	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
real	O
bid	O
before	O
the	B-DATE
middle	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
said	O
one	B-CARDINAL
investment	O
banker	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
discussions	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
Tokyu	B-ORG
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
potential	O
buyers	O
who	O
might	O
raise	O
its	O
hand	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
in	O
very	O
early	O
stages	O
still	O
.	O
''	O


Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
17	B-CARDINAL
-	O
store	O
chain	O
acquired	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
by	O
Campeau	B-ORG
in	O
its	O
$	B-MONEY
6.6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
acquisition	O
of	O
Federated	B-ORG
.	O


Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
does	O
an	B-MONEY
estimated	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
annual	B-DATE
sales	O
.	O


The	O
sale	O
of	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
condition	O
of	O
efforts	O
by	O
Toronto	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
Olympia	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Developments	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
to	O
arrange	O
$	B-MONEY
800	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
bridge	O
financing	O
for	O
Campeau	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
disclosed	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
that	O
its	O
retailing	O
units	O
,	O
Federated	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
Stores	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
Allied	B-ORG
Stores	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
were	O
strapped	O
for	O
cash	O
.	O


O&Y	B-ORG
,	O
owned	O
by	O
Toronto	B-GPE
's	O
Reichmann	B-PERSON
family	O
,	O
is	O
also	O
supervising	O
major	O
restructuring	O
and	O
refinancing	O
of	O
Campeau	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
Toronto	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
real	O
estate	O
and	O
retailing	O
company	O
.	O


One	O
executive	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	O
situation	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
book	O
has	O
been	O
issued	O
regarding	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
projections	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
doubt	O
very	O
much	O
whether	O
any	O
bid	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
.	O
''	O


Separately	O
,	O
a	O
Campeau	B-ORG
shareholder	O
filed	O
suit	O
,	O
charging	O
Campeau	B-ORG
,	O
Chairman	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Campeau	I-PERSON
and	O
other	O
officers	O
with	O
violating	O
securities	O
law	O
.	O


The	O
suit	O
,	O
filed	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
District	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
in	O
Manhattan	B-GPE
,	O
seeks	O
class	O
-	O
action	O
status	O
.	O


The	O
suit	O
accuses	O
the	O
retailer	O
and	O
several	O
of	O
its	O
officers	O
of	O
making	O
false	O
and	O
misleading	O
statements	O
about	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
business	O
affairs	O
.	O


The	O
suit	O
says	O
the	O
company	O
failed	O
to	O
disclose	O
material	O
adverse	O
information	O
about	O
its	O
financial	O
condition	O
.	O


A	O
spokesman	O
for	O
the	O
company	O
said	O
Campeau	B-ORG
has	O
n't	O
seen	O
the	O
suit	O
and	O
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
.	O


NICHOLS	B-ORG
INSTITUTE	I-ORG
declared	O
a	O
2	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
for	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
1	I-CARDINAL
split	O
of	O
its	O
common	O
stock	O
,	O
payable	O
Nov.	B-DATE
27	I-DATE
to	O
stock	O
of	O
record	O
Nov.	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
clinical	O
testing	O
services	O
holding	O
company	O
is	O
based	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Juan	I-GPE
Capistrano	I-GPE
,	O
Calif	B-GPE
.	O


Maggie	B-PERSON
Thatcher	I-PERSON
must	O
be	O
doing	O
something	O
right	O
;	O
her	O
political	O
enemies	O
are	O
screaming	O
louder	O
than	O
ever	O
.	O


Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
practicing	O
the	O
read	O
-	O
my	O
-	O
lips	O
school	O
of	O
politics	O
years	B-DATE
before	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
encountered	O
it	O
,	O
has	O
made	O
clear	O
her	O
opposition	O
to	O
refashioning	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
free	O
-	O
market	O
policies	O
to	O
suit	O
the	O
bureaucrats	O
in	O
Brussels	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
return	O
,	O
Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
is	O
excoriated	O
from	O
Fleet	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
to	O
Paris	B-GPE
as	O
an	O
obstructionist	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
now	O
turns	O
out	O
that	O
Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
had	O
to	O
travel	O
across	O
the	O
globe	O
to	O
the	O
49	B-CARDINAL
-	O
member	O
Commonwealth	B-ORG
summit	O
in	O
Kuala	B-GPE
Lumpur	I-GPE
to	O
discomfit	O
the	B-ORG
Holy	I-ORG
Order	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Consensus	I-ORG
Builders	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
A	O
disastrous	O
farce	O
in	O
Malaysia	B-GPE
,	O
''	O
screamed	O
the	B-ORG
Manchester	I-ORG
Guardian	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
She	O
can	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
trusted	O
to	O
behave	O
in	O
a	O
civilised	O
--	O
that	O
is	O
unflaky	O
--	O
fashion	O
when	O
abroad	O
.	O
''	O


Egad	O
.	O


Canada	B-GPE
's	O
Brian	B-PERSON
Mulroney	I-PERSON
and	O
Australia	B-GPE
's	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Hawke	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
paper	O
said	O
,	O
were	O
``	O
enraged	O
.	O
''	O


The	B-ORG
London	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
said	O
she	O
had	O
``	O
contravened	O
protocol	O
.	O
''	O


As	O
usual	O
,	O
her	O
sin	O
was	O
saying	O
what	O
she	O
thought	O
.	O


She	O
issued	O
a	O
separate	O
statement	O
,	O
separating	O
herself	O
from	O
a	O
Commonwealth	B-ORG
document	O
reasserting	O
the	O
political	O
value	O
of	O
imposing	O
sanctions	O
against	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
.	O


While	O
supporting	O
the	O
Commonwealth	B-ORG
``	O
in	O
utterly	O
condemning	O
apartheid	O
,	O
''	O
her	O
statement	O
urged	O
it	O
to	O
``	O
encourage	O
change	O
''	O
rather	O
than	O
inflict	O
further	O
punishment	O
on	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
black	O
population	O
.	O


Actually	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
consensus	O
somewhere	O
on	O
sanctions	O
:	O
In	O
May	B-DATE
a	O
Gallup	O
Poll	O
found	O
that	O
most	O
South	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
blacks	O
,	O
85	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
oppose	O
economic	O
sanctions	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
had	O
once	O
again	O
gone	O
against	O
the	O
grain	O
.	O


Malaysia	B-GPE
's	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Mahathir	B-PERSON
Mohamad	I-PERSON
sniffed	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
everybody	O
else	O
puts	O
out	O
their	O
left	O
foot	O
and	O
you	O
put	O
out	O
your	O
right	O
foot	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
out	O
of	O
step	O
.	O
''	O


Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
:	O
``	O
If	O
it	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
against	O
48	B-CARDINAL
,	O
I	O
'm	O
very	O
sorry	O
for	O
the	O
48	B-CARDINAL
.	O
''	O


If	O
indeed	O
Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
has	O
one	B-CARDINAL
opponent	O
that	O
could	O
throw	O
her	O
off	O
political	O
course	O
it	O
is	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
mysteriously	O
intractable	O
inflation	O
problem	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
not	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
join	O
the	O
political	O
chorus	O
that	O
as	O
one	O
proclaims	O
how	O
offputting	O
it	O
is	O
that	O
Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
refuses	O
to	O
get	O
along	O
by	O
going	O
along	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
refreshing	O
to	O
see	O
at	O
least	O
one	B-CARDINAL
world	O
figure	O
who	O
knows	O
what	O
she	O
believes	O
in	O
and	O
is	O
not	O
inclined	O
to	O
reflexively	O
compromise	O
those	O
beliefs	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
Mrs.	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
understands	O
better	O
than	O
those	O
distressed	O
at	O
her	O
style	O
that	O
ultimately	O
history	O
and	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
voters	O
will	O
decide	O
who	O
is	O
right	O
about	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
sanctioning	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
or	O
running	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
.	O


Follow	O
With	O
Care	O


``	O
Work	O
hard	O
,	O
play	O
hard	O
''	O
is	O
advice	O
Best	O
taken	O
with	O
some	O
caution	O
,	O
For	O
it	O
can	O
bring	O
fitness	O
and	O
success	O
Or	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
total	O
exhaustion	O
.	O


--	B-PERSON
Edward	I-PERSON
F.	I-PERSON
Dempsey	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


Double	O
Check	O


The	O
guest	O
paid	O
his	O
bill	O
at	O
the	O
resort	O
hotel	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
he	O
departed	O
he	O
noticed	O
a	O
sign	O
saying	O
,	O
``	O
Have	O
You	O
Left	O
Anything	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
man	O
went	O
back	O
and	O
spoke	O
to	O
the	O
desk	O
clerk	O
:	O
``	O
That	O
sign	O
is	O
wrong	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
should	O
read	O
,	O
``	O
Have	O
You	O
Anything	O
Left	O
?	O
''	O


--	B-PERSON
Sam	I-PERSON
Ewing	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


After	O
being	O
trampled	O
in	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
's	O
selling	O
stampede	O
,	O
the	O
Nasdaq	B-ORG
over	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
counter	O
market	O
dusted	O
itself	O
off	O
and	O
moved	O
on	O
in	O
moderate	O
trading	O
.	O


But	O
while	O
the	O
Composite	O
gained	O
1.19	B-CARDINAL
,	O
to	O
462.89	B-CARDINAL
,	O
many	O
issues	O
did	O
n't	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
advance	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
was	O
a	O
mixed	O
bag	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Bruno	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
heads	O
over	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
counter	O
trading	O
at	O
PaineWebber	B-ORG
.	O


``	O
We	O
played	O
catch	O
-	O
up	O
in	O
some	O
areas	O
,	O
and	O
sold	O
off	O
in	O
some	O
others	O
.	O
''	O


Volume	O
totaled	O
132.1	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
about	O
average	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Of	O
the	O
4,348	B-CARDINAL
issues	O
that	O
changed	O
hands	O
,	O
1,074	B-CARDINAL
advanced	O
and	O
866	B-CARDINAL
declined	O
.	O


Big	O
financial	O
stocks	O
carried	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Nasdaq	O
Financial	O
Index	O
rose	O
2.09	B-CARDINAL
,	O
to	O
454.86	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
Nasdaq	O
100	O
Index	O
of	O
the	O
big	O
non-financial	O
stocks	O
basically	O
stood	O
still	O
,	O
easing	O
0.12	B-CARDINAL
,	O
to	O
452.23	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Despite	O
the	O
Composite	O
's	O
advance	O
,	O
some	O
trading	O
officials	O
are	O
guardedly	O
optimistic	O
that	O
the	O
market	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
to	O
recovery	O
.	O


Lance	B-PERSON
Zipper	I-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
over	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
counter	O
trading	O
at	O
Kidder	B-ORG
Peabody	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
it	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
make	O
predictions	O
based	O
on	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
trading	O
volume	O
.	O


The	O
advance	O
felt	O
more	O
like	O
a	O
technical	O
bounce	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
market	O
acted	O
better	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
a	O
tremendous	O
comeback	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Zipper	B-PERSON
observed	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
we	O
get	O
a	O
decent	O
rally	O
-LCB-	O
today	B-DATE
-RCB-	O
,	O
maybe	O
the	O
buyers	O
will	O
come	O
back	O
.	O
''	O


If	O
E.E.	B-PERSON
``	I-PERSON
Buzzy	I-PERSON
''	I-PERSON
Geduld	I-PERSON
is	O
right	O
,	O
a	O
seatbelt	O
may	O
come	O
in	O
handy	O
during	O
the	O
next	O
few	O
sessions	O
.	O


The	O
president	O
of	O
Herzog	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Heine	I-ORG
,	O
Mr.	O
Geduld	B-PERSON
expects	O
the	O
market	O
to	O
be	O
``	O
very	O
choppy	O
''	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
uncertainty	O
out	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
cause	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
swings	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Among	O
active	O
stocks	O
,	O
MCI	B-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
rose	O
7/8	B-CARDINAL
to	O
43	B-CARDINAL
on	O
2.2	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
,	O
Mentor	B-ORG
Graphics	I-ORG
added	O
1/8	B-CARDINAL
to	O
16	B-CARDINAL
3/8	I-CARDINAL
on	O
turnover	O
of	O
1.5	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


Apple	B-ORG
Computer	I-ORG
dropped	O
1	B-CARDINAL
1/8	I-CARDINAL
to	O
46	B-CARDINAL
1/2	I-CARDINAL
on	O
one	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


Almost	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
of	O
Sun	B-ORG
Microsystems	I-ORG
changed	O
hands	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
issue	O
was	O
unchanged	O
at	O
17	B-CARDINAL
3/4	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Biotechnology	O
issues	O
were	O
strong	O
.	O


Amgen	B-ORG
advanced	O
1	B-CARDINAL
1/2	I-CARDINAL
to	O
56	B-CARDINAL
;	O
Chiron	B-ORG
jumped	O
2	B-CARDINAL
to	O
29	B-CARDINAL
3/4	I-CARDINAL
;	O
Cetus	B-ORG
gained	O
1	B-CARDINAL
to	O
16	B-CARDINAL
7/8	I-CARDINAL
and	O
Biogen	B-ORG
rose	O
5/8	B-CARDINAL
to	O
14	B-CARDINAL
5/8	I-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
American	B-NORP
depositary	O
receipts	O
of	O
Jaguar	B-ORG
jumped	O
3/8	B-CARDINAL
to	O
11	B-CARDINAL
5/8	I-CARDINAL
on	O
turnover	O
of	O
1.9	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
raised	O
its	O
stake	O
in	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
car	O
maker	O
to	O
12.45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
ordinary	O
shares	O
outstanding	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
Securities	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
filing	O
,	O
Ford	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
holds	O
22.8	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
ordinary	O
shares	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
has	O
said	O
it	O
is	O
prepared	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
bid	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
shares	O
outstanding	O
of	O
Jaguar	B-ORG
if	O
British	B-NORP
government	O
restrictions	O
to	O
such	O
a	O
transaction	O
are	O
removed	O
.	O


Another	O
takeover	O
target	O
,	O
LIN	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
,	O
rose	O
1/2	B-CARDINAL
to	O
109	B-CARDINAL
1/4	I-CARDINAL
on	O
495,000	B-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


Its	O
suitor	O
,	O
McCaw	B-ORG
Cellular	I-ORG
,	O
also	O
added	O
1/2	B-CARDINAL
to	O
40	B-CARDINAL
1/2	I-CARDINAL
on	O
395,700	B-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


Other	O
stocks	O
were	O
affected	O
by	O
corporate	O
earnings	O
.	O


Informix	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
recently	O
said	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
net	O
income	O
rose	O
to	O
16	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
from	O
a	B-MONEY
penny	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
gained	O
1	B-CARDINAL
5/8	I-CARDINAL
to	O
13	B-CARDINAL
5/8	I-CARDINAL
on	O
810,700	B-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


The	O
1988	B-DATE
results	O
included	O
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
time	O
gain	O
.	O


Cimflex	B-ORG
Teknowledge	I-ORG
rose	O
13/16	B-CARDINAL
,	O
or	O
39	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
to	O
2	B-CARDINAL
7/8	I-CARDINAL
on	O
volume	O
of	O
494,100	B-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


The	O
maker	O
of	O
software	O
products	O
and	O
services	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
a	O
net	O
loss	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
earned	O
200,000	B-CARDINAL
,	O
or	O
a	B-MONEY
penny	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
,	O
in	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
was	O
Nasdaq	B-ORG
's	O
biggest	O
percentage	O
gainer	O
.	O


Star	B-ORG
States	I-ORG
plunged	O
3	B-CARDINAL
1/4	I-CARDINAL
to	O
8	B-CARDINAL
3/4	I-CARDINAL
on	O
207,000	B-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
suffered	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
9	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
loss	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
compared	O
with	O
net	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
2.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


Collagen	B-ORG
dropped	O
2	B-CARDINAL
5/8	I-CARDINAL
to	O
15	B-CARDINAL
5/8	I-CARDINAL
on	O
428,000	B-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


In	O
its	B-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
Sept.	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
biomedical	O
-	O
products	O
maker	O
earned	O
10	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
,	O
up	O
from	O
eight	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
which	O
included	O
an	O
extraordinary	O
credit	O
.	O


Occupational	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Urgent	I-ORG
Care	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
fell	O
1	B-CARDINAL
3/4	I-CARDINAL
to	O
15	B-CARDINAL
1/2	I-CARDINAL
on	O
354,000	B-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
's	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
earnings	O
also	O
rose	O
to	O
10	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
from	O
eight	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Companies	O
listed	O
below	O
reported	O
quarterly	B-DATE
profit	O
substantially	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
average	O
of	O
analysts	O
'	O
estimates	O
.	O


The	O
companies	O
are	O
followed	O
by	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
analysts	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
minimum	O
five	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
change	O
in	O
actual	O
earnings	O
per	O
share	O
.	O


Estimated	O
and	O
actual	O
results	O
involving	O
losses	O
are	O
omitted	O
.	O


The	O
percent	O
difference	O
compares	O
actual	O
profit	O
with	O
the	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
estimate	O
where	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
analysts	O
have	O
issues	O
forecasts	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Otherwise	O
,	O
actual	O
profit	O
is	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
300	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
estimate	O
.	O


One	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
March	I-DATE
,	O
CBS	B-ORG
Sports	I-ORG
President	O
Neal	B-PERSON
Pilson	I-PERSON
and	O
Olympics	B-EVENT
superagent	O
Barry	B-PERSON
Frank	I-PERSON
met	O
for	O
lunch	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Lotos	I-ORG
Club	I-ORG
here	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Frank	B-PERSON
told	O
Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
that	O
Olympics	B-EVENT
officials	O
wanted	O
$	B-MONEY
290	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
or	O
more	O
for	O
TV	O
rights	O
to	O
the	O
1994	B-DATE
Winter	B-EVENT
Games	I-EVENT
in	O
Norway	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
CBS	B-ORG
official	O
said	O
that	O
price	O
sounded	O
fine	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
price	O
,	O
CBS	B-ORG
was	O
the	O
only	O
player	O
at	O
the	O
table	O
when	O
negotiations	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Olympic	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
started	O
in	O
Toronto	B-GPE
Aug.	B-DATE
23	I-DATE
.	O


Dick	B-PERSON
Pound	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
committee	O
member	O
,	O
began	O
by	O
disclosing	O
that	O
ABC	B-ORG
and	O
NBC	B-ORG
had	O
refused	O
to	O
even	O
bid	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
he	O
asked	O
Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
to	O
raise	O
his	O
offer	O
anyway	O
:	O
``	O
If	O
we	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
number	O
that	O
starts	O
with	O
a	O
three	B-CARDINAL
,	O
you	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
dea	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
team	O
huddled	O
in	O
a	O
hallway	O
and	O
took	O
just	B-TIME
10	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
to	O
return	O
with	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
offer	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Pound	B-PERSON
responded	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
's	O
a	O
deal	O
.	O
''	O


A	O
beaming	O
Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
announced	O
his	O
lastest	O
coup	O
at	O
a	O
news	O
conference	O
that	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
.	O


Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
's	O
rivals	O
at	O
ABC	B-ORG
and	O
NBC	B-ORG
grimaced	O
at	O
the	O
price	O
.	O


How	O
could	O
CBS	B-ORG
get	O
pushed	O
into	O
outbidding	O
itself	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
CBS	B-ORG
,	O
mired	O
in	O
the	O
ratings	O
cellar	O
and	O
looking	O
to	O
sports	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
out	O
,	O
wanted	O
to	O
close	O
the	O
deal	O
immediately	O
and	O
block	O
its	O
rivals	O
from	O
getting	O
another	O
chance	O
to	O
bid	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
put	O
in	O
the	O
uncomfortable	O
role	O
of	O
setting	O
off	O
a	O
bidding	O
frenzy	O
for	O
sports	O
rights	O
,	O
a	O
frenzy	O
that	O
the	O
networks	O
had	O
hoped	O
to	O
avoid	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
price	O
of	O
poker	O
has	O
gone	O
up	O
,	O
''	O
crows	O
Charles	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Neinas	I-PERSON
,	O
the	B-ORG
College	I-ORG
Football	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
executive	O
director	O
.	O


With	O
CBS	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
on	O
a	O
spending	O
spree	O
that	O
may	O
top	O
$	B-MONEY
2.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
for	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
major	O
sports	O
events	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
bout	O
of	O
hyperinflation	O
could	O
jolt	O
the	O
entire	O
broadcast	O
business	O
.	O


CBS	B-ORG
itself	O
could	O
run	O
up	O
losses	O
of	O
a	B-MONEY
few	I-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
on	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
various	O
sports	O
if	O
its	O
big	O
gamble	O
goes	O
wrong	O
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
Capital	B-ORG
Cities	I-ORG
/	I-ORG
ABC	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
General	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
National	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
also	O
risk	O
losses	O
if	O
they	O
outbid	O
CBS	B-ORG
for	O
other	O
contracts	O
.	O


While	O
rights	O
fees	O
head	O
skyward	O
,	O
ad	O
rates	O
wo	O
n't	O
.	O


Advertisers	O
already	O
are	O
balking	O
at	O
higher	O
prices	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
networks	O
are	O
paying	O
too	O
much	O
for	O
rights	O
,	O
''	O
warns	O
adman	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Isacsson	I-PERSON
of	O
Young	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Rubicam	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
If	O
they	O
ask	O
advertisers	O
to	O
absorb	O
the	O
costs	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
likely	O
to	O
lose	O
all	O
but	O
a	O
few	O
who	O
need	O
sports	O
,	O
above	O
all	O
.	O
''	O


Viewers	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
cheering	O
,	O
either	O
.	O


Soaring	O
rights	O
fees	O
will	O
lead	O
to	O
an	O
even	O
greater	O
clutter	O
of	O
commercials	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
some	O
sports	O
events	O
will	O
move	O
off	O
``	O
free	O
''	O
television	O
and	O
onto	O
cable	O
or	O
pay	O
-	O
cable	O
,	O
where	O
half	B-CARDINAL
the	O
nation	O
's	O
TV	O
homes	O
ca	O
n't	O
see	O
them	O
.	O


CBS	B-ORG
has	O
changed	O
the	O
rules	O
by	O
throwing	O
out	O
the	O
old	O
basis	O
for	O
sports	O
bids	O
--	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
can	O
the	O
network	O
alone	O
make	O
a	O
profit	O
on	O
it	O
?	O


Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
emphasizes	O
the	O
ancillary	O
benefits	O
of	O
positive	O
press	O
,	O
contented	O
affiliate	O
stations	O
,	O
enthusiastic	O
advertisers	O
and	O
huge	O
audiences	O
that	O
might	O
stick	O
around	O
to	O
watch	O
other	O
CBS	B-ORG
programs	O
when	O
the	O
game	O
is	O
over	O
.	O


The	O
billion	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
question	O
is	O
,	O
How	O
much	O
are	O
those	O
benefits	O
worth	O
?	O


Some	O
TV	O
people	O
doubt	O
they	O
will	O
materialize	O
and	O
argue	O
that	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
do	O
,	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
offset	O
the	O
multimillion	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
deficits	O
that	O
CBS	B-ORG
could	O
run	O
up	O
.	O


``	O
As	O
we	O
've	O
seen	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
'80s	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
says	O
Roger	B-PERSON
Werner	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
ESPN	B-ORG
sports	O
channel	O
,	O
``	O
those	O
deals	O
can	O
turn	O
sour	O
if	O
the	O
numbers	O
do	O
n't	O
work	O
.	O


And	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
a	O
sea	O
of	O
red	O
ink	O
,	O
the	O
heroes	O
can	O
find	O
themselves	O
with	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
explaining	O
to	O
do	O
.	O
''	O


CBS	B-ORG
pursues	O
top	O
sports	O
``	O
to	O
belie	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
n't	O
supporting	O
affiliates	O
,	O
viewers	O
and	O
advertisers	O
,	O
''	O
charges	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
H.	I-PERSON
Wyman	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
ousted	O
as	O
chairman	O
of	O
CBS	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
after	O
Laurence	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Tisch	I-PERSON
bought	O
a	O
24.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
took	O
over	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
They	O
lost	O
the	O
entertainment	O
crown	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
needed	O
one	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
've	O
bought	O
one	O
.	O
''	O


On	O
just	B-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
big	O
deals	O
--	O
for	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
baseball	O
and	O
for	O
the	B-EVENT
Olympic	I-EVENT
Winter	I-EVENT
Games	I-EVENT
in	O
both	O
1992	B-DATE
and	O
1994	B-DATE
--	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
bid	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1.64	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


That	O
's	O
well	B-MONEY
over	I-MONEY
half	I-MONEY
a	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
more	O
than	O
ABC	B-ORG
and	O
NBC	B-ORG
were	O
willing	O
to	O
pay	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
After	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
winter	B-DATE
and	O
summer	B-DATE
Olympics	B-EVENT
will	O
be	O
held	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
apart	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
revised	O
schedule	O
beginning	O
with	O
the	O
winter	B-DATE
games	O
in	O
1994	B-DATE
and	O
the	O
summer	B-DATE
games	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
.	O
-RRB-	O


Now	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
--	O
a	O
former	O
college	O
basketball	O
player	O
who	O
says	O
a	O
good	O
negotiator	O
needs	O
``	O
a	O
level	O
of	O
focus	O
and	O
intellectual	O
attention	O
''	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
good	O
athlete	O
-	O
s	O
is	O
facing	O
the	O
consequences	O
of	O
his	O
own	O
aggressiveness	O
.	O


Next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
talks	O
will	O
begin	O
on	O
two	B-CARDINAL
coveted	O
CBS	B-ORG
contracts	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
pro	O
and	O
college	O
basketball	O
finals	O
.	O


CBS	B-ORG
is	O
likely	O
to	O
spend	O
whatever	O
it	O
takes	O
to	O
keep	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
potential	O
bill	O
:	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
600	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
several	B-DATE
seasons	I-DATE
,	O
an	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
jump	O
.	O


A	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
CBS	B-ORG
's	O
college	O
and	O
pro	O
football	O
contracts	O
come	O
up	O
for	O
renewal	O
;	O
they	O
could	O
go	O
for	O
close	B-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
more	O
than	O
CBS	B-ORG
now	O
pays	O
,	O
a	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
rise	O
.	O


``	O
What	O
happens	O
to	O
those	O
two	B-CARDINAL
basketball	O
contracts	O
will	O
shape	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
network	O
sports	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Lund	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
CBS	B-ORG
Sports	I-ORG
president	O
now	O
at	O
Multimedia	B-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


J.	B-PERSON
William	I-PERSON
Grimes	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
president	O
of	O
ESPN	B-ORG
,	O
says	O
NBC	B-ORG
may	O
``	O
come	O
in	O
with	O
a	O
huge	O
bid	O
for	O
college	O
basketball	O
to	O
take	O
it	O
away	O
from	O
CBS	B-ORG
and	O
say	O
,	O
`	O
We	O
can	O
overbid	O
,	O
too	O
.	O
'	O


And	O
the	O
winners	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
colleges	O
,	O
not	O
either	O
network	O
.	O


Nor	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
advertisers	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
is	O
an	O
unlikely	O
big	O
spender	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
mid-1980s	I-DATE
,	O
after	O
ABC	B-ORG
had	O
just	O
bid	O
a	B-MONEY
record	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
309	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
1988	B-DATE
Winter	B-EVENT
Games	I-EVENT
,	O
he	O
sniped	O
at	O
rivals	O
for	O
paying	O
reckless	O
prices	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
love	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
guy	O
who	O
complained	O
most	O
bitterly	O
and	O
loudly	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Wussler	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
CBS	B-ORG
Sports	I-ORG
president	O
.	O


``	O
And	O
yet	O
his	O
company	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
reason	O
why	O
rights	O
are	O
so	O
high	O
today	B-DATE
.	O
''	O


Rivals	O
carp	O
at	O
``	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
,	O
''	O
as	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
Arthur	B-PERSON
Watson	I-PERSON
once	O
put	O
it	O
--	O
``	O
he	O
's	O
always	O
expounding	O
that	O
rights	O
are	O
too	O
high	O
,	O
then	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
crazy	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
49	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
is	O
hardly	O
a	O
man	O
to	O
ignore	O
the	O
numbers	O
.	O


A	O
Yale	B-ORG
law	O
school	O
graduate	O
,	O
he	O
began	O
his	O
career	O
in	O
corporate	O
law	O
and	O
then	O
put	O
in	O
years	B-DATE
at	O
Metromedia	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
William	B-PERSON
Morris	I-PERSON
talent	O
agency	O
.	O


In	O
1976	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
joined	O
CBS	B-ORG
Sports	I-ORG
to	O
head	O
business	O
affairs	O
and	O
,	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
became	O
its	O
president	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
when	O
he	O
spoke	O
out	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
``	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
say	O
forever	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
say	O
every	O
property	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
market	O
changed	O
,	O
he	O
adds	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
is	O
n't	O
the	O
only	O
big	O
spender	O
:	O
NBC	B-ORG
will	O
pay	O
a	B-MONEY
record	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
401	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
1992	B-DATE
Summer	B-EVENT
Games	I-EVENT
,	O
and	O
ESPN	B-ORG
,	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-	O
owned	O
by	O
Capital	B-ORG
Cities	I-ORG
/	I-ORG
ABC	I-ORG
,	O
will	O
shell	O
out	O
$	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
baseball	O
,	O
airing	O
175	B-CARDINAL
regular	O
-	O
season	O
games	O
a	O
year	O
.	O


``	O
Our	O
competitors	O
say	O
we	O
overbid	O
them	O
.	O


Who	O
cares	O
?	O


Maybe	O
we	O
recognize	O
values	O
the	O
other	O
guys	O
do	O
n't	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
's	O
``	O
Major	O
Events	O
''	O
strategy	O
jelled	O
after	O
Mr.	O
Tisch	B-PERSON
took	O
over	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
recalls	O
that	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
1986	I-DATE
,	O
after	O
CBS	B-ORG
's	O
annual	B-DATE
meeting	O
in	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Tisch	B-PERSON
took	O
the	O
90	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
minute	I-TIME
train	O
ride	O
back	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
used	O
this	O
extended	O
private	O
audience	O
to	O
outline	O
his	O
ambitions	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Tisch	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
billionaire	O
in	O
hotels	O
and	O
finance	O
,	O
was	O
just	O
learning	O
the	O
TV	O
business	O
.	O


Five	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Tisch	B-PERSON
took	O
over	O
as	O
CBS	B-ORG
's	O
chief	O
executive	O
,	O
and	O
soon	O
he	O
was	O
wielding	O
sole	O
approval	O
each	O
time	O
Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
scribbled	O
a	O
frighteningly	O
large	O
figure	O
on	O
a	O
slip	O
of	O
paper	O
,	O
sealed	O
it	O
in	O
an	O
envelope	O
and	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
sports	O
negotiators	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
in	O
May	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Tisch	B-PERSON
urgently	O
needed	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
bold	O
statement	O
to	O
quell	O
rumors	O
that	O
he	O
might	O
sell	O
the	O
network	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
gave	O
him	O
one	O
:	O
He	O
bid	O
$	B-MONEY
243	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
rights	O
to	O
the	O
1992	B-DATE
Winter	B-EVENT
Games	I-EVENT
in	O
Albertville	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
;	O
ABC	B-ORG
and	O
NBC	B-ORG
would	O
n't	O
bid	O
even	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


That	O
started	O
the	O
still	O
-	O
raging	O
bidding	O
wars	O
.	O


The	O
``	O
Major	O
Events	O
''	O
strategy	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
notch	O
a	O
place	O
for	O
CBS	B-ORG
on	O
the	O
crowded	O
TV	O
dial	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
's	O
also	O
a	O
fast	O
fix	O
for	O
an	O
ailing	O
image	O
.	O


He	O
sees	O
flashy	O
sports	O
as	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
the	O
last	O
-	O
place	O
network	O
can	O
cut	O
through	O
the	O
clutter	O
of	O
cable	O
and	O
VCRs	O
,	O
grab	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
new	O
viewers	O
and	O
tell	O
them	O
about	O
other	O
shows	O
premiering	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
.	O


Next	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
,	O
CBS	B-ORG
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
wo	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
start	O
the	O
season	B-DATE
against	O
the	O
much	O
-	O
watched	O
American	B-NORP
and	O
National	B-NORP
baseball	O
league	O
championships	O
and	O
the	B-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Series	I-EVENT
.	O


``	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
struggling	O
against	O
that	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
,	O
''	O
says	O
Jonathan	B-PERSON
Rodgers	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
runs	O
WBBM	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
CBS	B-ORG
-	O
owned	O
station	O
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
.	O


Even	O
if	O
baseball	O
triggers	O
losses	O
at	O
CBS	B-ORG
--	O
and	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
will	O
--	O
``	O
I	O
'd	O
rather	O
see	O
the	O
games	O
on	O
our	O
air	O
than	O
on	O
NBC	B-ORG
and	O
ABC	B-ORG
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
n't	O
surprising	O
.	O


Regular	O
TV	O
series	O
ratings	O
have	O
slumped	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
premiering	O
new	O
shows	O
is	O
``	O
a	O
crap	O
shoot	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


But	O
top	O
sports	O
events	O
are	O
still	O
a	O
strong	O
bet	O
to	O
lure	O
audiences	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
or	I-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
larger	O
than	O
those	O
CBS	B-ORG
usually	O
gets	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
says	O
baseball	O
and	O
the	O
Olympics	B-EVENT
may	O
help	O
CBS	B-ORG
move	O
up	O
to	O
No.	O
2	B-CARDINAL
in	O
the	O
household	O
ratings	O
race	O
,	O
putting	O
pizazz	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
network	O
's	O
image	O
.	O


And	O
the	B-EVENT
Winter	I-EVENT
Olympics	I-EVENT
will	O
air	O
during	O
the	O
February	B-DATE
``	O
sweeps	O
,	O
''	O
when	O
ratings	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
set	O
ad	O
rates	O
for	O
local	O
stations	O
.	O


That	O
will	O
please	O
once	O
-	O
grumpy	O
affiliates	O
--	O
another	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
plan	O
.	O


They	O
gleefully	O
await	O
the	O
``	O
dream	O
season	O
''	O
in	O
1990	B-DATE
.	O


CBS	B-ORG
will	O
air	O
the	B-EVENT
Super	I-EVENT
Bowl	I-EVENT
,	O
baseball	O
playoffs	O
,	O
college	O
and	O
pro	O
basketball	O
finals	O
and	O
other	O
premier	O
sports	O
events	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
made	O
me	O
more	O
committed	O
to	O
CBS	B-ORG
,	O
''	O
says	O
Philip	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Jones	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
Meredith	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
broadcast	O
group	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
two	B-CARDINAL
CBS	B-ORG
affiliates	O
.	O


The	O
CBS	B-ORG
plan	O
to	O
use	O
big	O
-	O
time	O
sports	O
as	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
other	O
series	O
carries	O
no	O
guarantee	O
of	O
success	O
,	O
however	O
.	O


No	O
amount	O
of	O
hype	O
will	O
bring	O
viewers	O
back	O
if	O
the	O
shows	O
are	O
weak	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
this	O
market	O
of	O
40	B-CARDINAL
channels	O
,	O
sophisticated	O
viewers	O
and	O
the	O
remote	O
control	O
,	O
trial	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
guarantee	O
of	O
anything	O
,	O
''	O
ESPN	B-ORG
's	O
Mr.	O
Werner	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
the	O
show	O
ai	O
n't	O
a	O
killer	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
gone	O
.	O
''	O


During	O
the	O
1984	B-DATE
Summer	B-EVENT
Games	I-EVENT
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
ABC	B-ORG
touted	O
``	O
Call	B-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
Glory	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
but	O
the	O
military	O
drama	O
was	O
missing	O
in	O
action	O
within	O
weeks	B-DATE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
,	O
during	O
the	O
1988	B-DATE
Summer	B-EVENT
Games	I-EVENT
,	O
NBC	B-ORG
relentlessly	O
pitched	O
a	O
new	O
series	O
,	O
``	O
Tattingers	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


It	O
belly	O
-	O
flopped	O
anyway	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
sports	O
is	O
hardly	O
the	O
best	O
way	O
to	O
lure	O
adult	O
women	O
.	O


Though	O
CBS	B-ORG
might	O
move	O
up	O
to	O
No.	O
2	B-CARDINAL
in	O
household	O
ratings	O
,	O
most	O
advertisers	O
buy	O
based	O
on	O
ratings	O
for	O
women	O
aged	O
18	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
49	I-DATE
.	O


CBS	B-ORG
may	O
remain	O
a	O
distant	O
No.	O
3	B-CARDINAL
in	O
that	O
regard	O
.	O


Nor	O
is	O
CBS	B-ORG
a	O
shoo	O
-	O
in	O
to	O
get	O
blockbuster	O
ratings	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Series	I-EVENT
and	O
the	O
Olympics	B-EVENT
were	O
aired	O
against	O
CBS	B-ORG
's	O
last	O
-	O
place	O
lineup	O
.	O


But	O
CBS	B-ORG
will	O
put	O
the	O
athletes	O
up	O
against	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Cosby	I-PERSON
,	O
``	O
Cheers	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
and	O
other	O
shows	O
in	O
NBC	B-ORG
's	O
No.	O
1	B-CARDINAL
schedule	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
boon	O
to	O
affiliate	O
relations	O
may	O
be	O
limited	O
.	O


The	O
sports	O
lineup	O
may	O
add	O
only	B-PERCENT
1	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
a	O
station	O
's	O
annual	B-DATE
profits	O
.	O


It	O
alone	O
is	O
n't	O
likely	O
to	O
stop	O
a	O
station	O
from	O
dumping	O
CBS	B-ORG
shows	O
.	O


``	O
The	B-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Series	I-EVENT
,	O
seven	B-DATE
nights	I-DATE
,	O
was	O
n't	O
enough	O
of	O
an	O
incentive	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Arnold	B-PERSON
Klinsky	I-PERSON
of	O
WHEC	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
in	O
Rochester	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
dropped	O
CBS	B-ORG
for	O
NBC	B-ORG
six	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
You	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
judge	O
where	O
the	O
network	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O
''	O


The	O
intangible	O
benefits	O
may	O
prove	O
extremely	O
costly	O
if	O
CBS	B-ORG
ca	O
n't	O
avoid	O
big	O
losses	O
on	O
the	O
sports	O
coverage	O
itself	O
.	O


And	O
avoiding	O
such	O
losses	O
will	O
take	O
a	O
monumental	O
effort	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
1.06	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
baseball	O
agreement	O
alone	O
,	O
CBS	B-ORG
is	O
likely	O
to	O
lose	O
$	B-MONEY
250	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
contends	O
Mr.	O
Wussler	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
former	O
CBS	B-ORG
man	O
,	O
now	O
at	O
Comsat	B-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
he	O
deems	O
the	O
deal	O
``	O
plain	O
smart	O
''	O
for	O
its	O
huge	O
promotional	O
value	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
calls	O
that	O
loss	O
estimate	O
``	O
wildly	O
inaccurate	O
,	O
''	O
conceding	O
only	O
that	O
CBS	B-ORG
will	O
lose	O
money	O
on	O
baseball	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
too	O
early	O
to	O
tell	O
''	O
what	O
happens	O
after	O
that	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Tisch	B-PERSON
expects	O
losses	O
in	O
all	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
contract	O
,	O
he	O
told	O
U.S.	B-GPE
senators	O
last	B-DATE
June	I-DATE
.	O


CBS	B-ORG
will	O
pay	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
82	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
more	O
each	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
than	O
ABC	B-ORG
and	O
NBC	B-ORG
had	O
paid	O
together	O
--	O
and	O
those	O
two	B-CARDINAL
networks	O
expect	O
losses	O
on	O
baseball	O
this	O
season	B-DATE
.	O


Yet	O
CBS	B-ORG
will	O
air	O
only	B-CARDINAL
12	I-CARDINAL
regular	O
-	O
season	O
games	O
,	O
26	B-CARDINAL
fewer	O
than	O
ABC	B-ORG
and	O
NBC	B-ORG
.	O


That	O
has	O
outraged	O
some	O
fans	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
indicates	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
drop	O
in	O
ad	O
sales	O
for	O
regular	O
-	O
season	O
games	O
--	O
a	O
risk	O
CBS	B-ORG
took	O
to	O
get	O
an	O
unprecedented	O
lock	O
on	O
all	O
playoff	O
games	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
playoffs	O
end	O
in	O
four	B-CARDINAL
-	O
game	O
sweeps	O
,	O
losses	O
could	O
soar	O
.	O


Advertisers	O
are	O
resisting	O
higher	O
prices	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
help	O
close	O
the	O
gap	O
.	O


CBS	B-ORG
signed	O
General	B-ORG
Motors	I-ORG
and	O
Toyota	B-ORG
to	O
be	O
the	O
only	O
auto	O
-	O
maker	O
sponsors	O
in	O
baseball	O
for	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Price	O
:	O
$	B-MONEY
265	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


But	O
ad	O
executives	O
who	O
negotiated	O
the	O
deal	O
say	O
that	O
works	O
out	O
to	O
only	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
275,000	I-MONEY
for	O
a	O
30	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
second	I-TIME
ad	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Series	I-EVENT
through	O
1993	B-DATE
--	O
17	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
less	O
than	O
what	O
ABC	B-ORG
is	O
charging	O
for	O
the	O
Series	O
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
``	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
question	O
ad	O
rates	O
will	O
come	O
down	O
considerably	O
''	O
from	O
the	O
GM	B-ORG
-	O
Toyota	O
price	O
,	O
says	O
Arnold	B-PERSON
Chase	I-PERSON
of	O
Bozell	B-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Other	O
admen	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
say	O
rates	O
could	O
rise	O
later	O
if	O
ad	O
spending	O
surges	O
.	O


The	O
Winter	B-EVENT
Games	I-EVENT
outlook	O
also	O
is	O
mixed	O
.	O


CBS	B-ORG
expects	O
to	O
make	O
modest	O
profits	O
,	O
but	O
rivals	O
contend	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
take	O
a	O
beating	O
.	O


ABC	B-ORG
lost	O
$	B-MONEY
75	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
on	O
the	O
1988	B-DATE
Winter	B-EVENT
Games	I-EVENT
,	O
partly	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
$	B-MONEY
309	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
rights	O
fee	O
.	O


It	O
aired	O
94.5	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
mostly	O
live	O
events	O
in	O
Calgary	B-GPE
--	O
helping	O
raise	O
ratings	O
slightly	O
from	O
1984	B-DATE
--	O
but	O
still	O
failed	O
to	O
deliver	O
the	O
audience	O
promised	O
to	O
advertisers	O
.	O


CBS	B-ORG
will	O
add	O
25	B-TIME
1/2	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
to	O
that	O
load	O
in	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
ratings	O
could	O
be	O
hurt	O
by	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
live	O
events	O
.	O


All	O
prime	O
-	O
time	O
fare	O
will	O
be	O
on	O
tape	O
-	O
delay	O
because	O
of	O
time	O
differences	O
with	O
Norway	B-GPE
,	O
so	O
the	O
results	O
can	O
be	O
announced	O
on	O
the	O
6	B-TIME
o'clock	I-TIME
news	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Turner	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
will	O
pay	O
CBS	B-ORG
$	B-MONEY
25	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	O
air	O
50	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
CBS	B-ORG
coverage	O
plus	O
50	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
additional	O
events	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Barry	B-PERSON
Frank	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
agent	O
who	O
took	O
Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
to	O
lunch	O
last	B-DATE
March	I-DATE
,	O
says	O
that	O
even	O
if	O
CBS	B-ORG
loses	O
,	O
say	O
,	O
$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
it	O
matters	O
little	O
.	O


``	O
Ten	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
ai	O
n't	O
jack	O
,	O
man	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
got	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
sitting	O
in	O
the	O
bank	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Frank	B-PERSON
,	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
at	O
International	B-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
citing	O
CBS	B-ORG
's	O
enormous	O
cash	O
reserves	O
from	O
selling	O
off	O
various	O
businesses	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
does	O
n't	O
mean	O
anything	O
--	O
it	O
's	O
public	O
-	O
relations	O
money	O
.	O
''	O


Moreover	O
,	O
sports	O
has	O
``	O
claimed	O
its	O
place	O
''	O
as	O
a	O
guaranteed	O
ratings	O
-	O
getter	O
,	O
says	O
David	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Stern	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
commissioner	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Basketball	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
n't	O
outlandish	O
bidding	O
;	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
situation	O
of	O
very	O
careful	O
businessmen	O
making	O
judgments	O
about	O
the	O
worth	O
of	O
product	O
and	O
acting	O
on	O
it	O
...	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
tend	O
to	O
trust	O
their	O
judgment	O
.	O
''	O


That	O
's	O
easy	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
say	O
:	O
CBS	B-ORG
's	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
NBA	B-ORG
pact	O
,	O
now	O
at	O
$	B-MONEY
176	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
could	O
double	O
in	O
price	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
his	O
talks	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
are	O
completed	O
later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


That	O
would	O
cut	O
into	O
CBS	B-ORG
's	O
slim	O
margin	O
for	O
profit	O
--	O
and	O
error	O
.	O


CBS	B-ORG
Sports	I-ORG
earned	O
$	B-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
or	O
so	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
CBS	B-ORG
takes	O
in	O
the	O
least	O
money	O
in	O
prime	O
time	O
;	O
ABC	B-ORG
and	O
NBC	B-ORG
charge	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
35	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
more	O
for	O
ads	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
Variety	B-ORG
survey	O
.	O


But	O
CBS	B-ORG
's	O
costs	O
are	O
huge	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
risks	O
go	O
up	O
with	O
each	O
new	O
sports	O
package	O
that	O
CBS	B-ORG
locks	O
up	O
.	O


Although	O
sports	O
officials	O
predict	O
jumps	O
of	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
100	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	O
major	O
contracts	O
coming	O
up	O
for	O
renewal	O
,	O
ad	O
rates	O
may	O
rise	O
only	B-PERCENT
20	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


CBS	B-ORG
hopes	O
to	O
save	O
money	O
by	O
ordering	O
fewer	O
episodes	O
of	O
regular	O
series	O
because	O
sports	O
will	O
fill	O
up	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
prime	O
time	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
savings	O
will	O
be	O
minuscule	O
.	O


Each	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
of	O
Olympics	B-EVENT
and	O
baseball	O
in	O
prime	O
time	O
will	O
cost	O
CBS	B-ORG
$	B-MONEY
2.6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2.8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
;	O
an	O
hour	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
long	I-TIME
drama	O
costs	O
only	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
900,000	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
aired	O
twice	O
.	O


CBS	B-ORG
may	O
cushion	O
losses	O
with	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
in	O
interest	O
earned	O
on	O
the	O
proceeds	O
from	O
selling	O
CBS	B-ORG
Records	I-ORG
and	O
other	O
businesses	O
.	O


But	O
media	O
-	O
stock	O
analyst	O
Richard	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
MacDonald	I-PERSON
of	O
MacDonald	B-ORG
Grippo	I-ORG
Riely	I-ORG
says	O
Wall	O
Street	O
wo	O
n't	O
take	O
kindly	O
to	O
that	O
.	O


``	O
On	O
a	O
stand	O
-	O
alone	O
basis	O
,	O
the	O
network	O
ought	O
to	O
make	O
money	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


When	O
Mr.	O
Pilson	B-PERSON
is	O
asked	O
directly	O
--	O
can	O
you	O
make	O
money	O
on	O
all	O
this	O
?	O
--	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
exactly	O
say	O
yes	O
.	O


``	O
What	O
you	O
're	O
really	O
asking	O
is	O
,	O
Are	O
the	O
profit	O
and	O
loss	O
margins	O
anticipated	O
on	O
the	O
events	O
acceptable	O
to	O
management	O
?	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
he	O
answers	O
his	O
own	O
question	O
.	O


``	O
Yes	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
only	O
question	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
address	O
.	O


Place	O
a	O
phone	O
order	O
through	O
most	O
any	O
catalog	O
and	O
chances	O
are	O
the	O
clerk	O
who	O
answers	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
on	O
the	O
line	O
.	O


Bosses	O
have	O
big	O
ears	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Or	O
open	O
up	O
an	O
electronics	O
magazine	O
and	O
peruse	O
the	O
ads	O
for	O
sneaky	O
tape	O
recorders	O
and	O
other	O
snooping	O
gadgets	O
.	O


Some	O
would	O
make	O
even	O
James	B-PERSON
Bond	I-PERSON
green	O
with	O
envy	O
.	O


Eavesdropping	O
--	O
both	O
corporate	O
and	O
private	O
--	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
rise	O
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
the	O
proliferation	O
of	O
surveillance	O
technologies	O
.	O


And	O
while	O
sellers	O
of	O
the	O
equipment	O
and	O
companies	O
``	O
monitoring	O
''	O
employees	O
have	O
few	O
qualms	O
,	O
right	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
privacy	O
advocates	O
and	O
some	O
lawmakers	O
are	O
alarmed	O
.	O


``	O
New	O
technologies	O
are	O
changing	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
deal	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
work	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Janlori	B-PERSON
Goldman	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
staff	O
attorney	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Civil	I-ORG
Liberties	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
Our	O
expectation	O
of	O
confidentiality	O
is	O
being	O
eroded	O
.	O
''	O


On	O
the	O
corporate	O
side	O
,	O
companies	O
claim	O
that	O
monitoring	O
employee	O
phone	O
conversations	O
is	O
both	O
legal	O
and	O
necessary	O
to	O
gauge	O
productivity	O
and	O
ensure	O
good	O
service	O
.	O


The	O
practice	O
is	O
common	O
at	O
catalog	O
,	O
insurance	O
and	O
phone	O
companies	O
,	O
banks	O
and	O
telemarketers	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
trade	O
groups	O
and	O
worker	O
organizations	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
also	O
widespread	O
for	O
reservations	O
clerks	O
in	O
the	O
airline	O
,	O
car	O
-	O
rental	O
,	O
hotel	O
and	O
railroad	O
industries	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
opposes	O
such	O
monitoring	O
,	O
says	O
supervisors	O
listen	O
in	O
on	O
an	B-CARDINAL
estimated	I-CARDINAL
400	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
calls	O
each	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Among	O
companies	O
saying	O
they	O
monitor	O
employees	O
are	O
United	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
,	O
American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
,	O
United	B-ORG
Parcel	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
,	O
Nynex	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Spiegel	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
circulation	O
department	O
of	O
this	O
newspaper	O
.	O


Some	O
Wall	O
Street	O
firms	O
monitor	O
for	O
recordkeeping	O
purposes	O
.	O


Dictaphone	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
says	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
business	O
demand	O
for	O
its	O
voice	O
-	O
activated	O
taping	O
systems	O
,	O
whether	O
the	O
sophisticated	O
Veritrac	B-PRODUCT
9000	I-PRODUCT
system	O
,	O
which	O
costs	O
from	O
$	O
10,000	B-MONEY
to	O
$	O
120,000	B-MONEY
and	O
can	O
record	O
240	B-CARDINAL
conversations	O
simultaneously	O
,	O
or	O
simple	O
handheld	O
units	O
selling	O
for	O
$	O
395	B-MONEY
.	O


Businesses	O
``	O
want	O
to	O
verify	O
information	O
and	O
ensure	O
accuracy	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
John	B-PERSON
Hiltunen	I-PERSON
,	O
Dictaphone	B-ORG
's	O
manager	O
of	O
media	O
relations	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
of	O
Alaska	B-GPE
recently	O
bought	O
the	O
Veritrac	B-PRODUCT
system	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
Exxon	B-ORG
cleanup	O
effort	O
.	O
''	O


Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
Shearson	B-ORG
Lehman	I-ORG
Hutton	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
say	O
they	O
use	O
voice	O
-	O
activated	O
systems	O
to	O
record	O
and	O
verify	O
orders	O
between	O
salesmen	O
and	O
traders	O
.	O


Shearson	B-ORG
says	O
it	O
has	O
taped	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
institutional	O
trading	O
desks	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
commodities	O
and	O
futures	O
,	O
for	O
about	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Both	O
companies	O
stress	O
that	O
employees	O
know	O
they	O
are	O
being	O
recorded	O
and	O
that	O
customer	O
conversations	O
are	O
n't	O
taped	O
.	O


Kidder	B-ORG
Peabody	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
says	O
it	O
monitors	O
bond	O
-	O
trading	O
conversations	O
between	O
brokers	O
and	O
customers	O
to	O
safeguard	O
order	O
accuracy	O
.	O


Eavesdropping	O
by	O
individuals	O
is	O
harder	O
to	O
measure	O
.	O


But	O
devices	O
are	O
there	O
for	O
the	O
asking	O
,	O
whether	O
in	O
stores	O
or	O
through	O
the	O
mail	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Counter	I-ORG
Spy	I-ORG
Shop	I-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
D.C.	B-GPE
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
offers	O
the	O
``	B-PRODUCT
Secret	I-PRODUCT
Connection	I-PRODUCT
''	I-PRODUCT
attache	O
case	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
surreptitiously	O
record	O
conversations	O
for	O
nine	B-DATE
hours	I-DATE
at	O
a	O
stretch	O
.	O


That	O
and	O
other	O
fancy	O
gizmos	O
may	O
cost	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
,	O
but	O
simple	O
voice	O
-	O
activated	O
tape	O
recorders	O
sell	O
for	O
as	B-MONEY
little	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
70	I-MONEY
at	O
electronics	O
stores	O
like	O
Radio	B-ORG
Shack	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
most	O
common	O
use	O
of	O
spying	O
devices	O
is	O
in	O
divorce	O
cases	O
,	O
say	O
private	O
investigators	O
.	O


While	O
tape	O
recordings	O
to	O
uncover	O
,	O
say	O
,	O
infidelity	O
are	O
n't	O
admissible	O
in	O
court	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
mean	O
leverage	O
in	O
a	O
settlement	O
.	O


Concerned	O
with	O
the	O
increased	O
availability	O
of	O
surveillance	O
technology	O
and	O
heavier	O
use	O
of	O
it	O
,	O
lawmakers	O
have	O
proposed	O
laws	O
addressing	O
the	O
issue	O
.	O


Nine	B-CARDINAL
states	O
have	O
introduced	O
bills	O
requiring	O
that	O
workers	O
and	O
customers	O
be	O
made	O
aware	O
of	O
monitoring	O
.	O


And	O
four	B-CARDINAL
states	O
--	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
Michigan	B-GPE
and	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
--	O
have	O
adopted	O
rules	O
that	O
all	O
parties	O
involved	O
must	O
consent	O
when	O
phone	O
calls	O
are	O
recorded	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
bills	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
hope	O
to	O
make	O
such	O
restrictions	O
national	O
.	O


In	O
May	B-DATE
,	O
Rep.	O
Don	B-PERSON
Edwards	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
Calif	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
introduced	O
congressional	O
legislation	O
that	O
would	O
require	O
an	O
audible	O
beeping	O
during	O
any	O
employee	O
monitoring	O
,	O
warning	O
people	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
being	O
heard	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
The	O
legislation	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
1987	B-DATE
``	O
beeper	O
bill	O
''	O
that	O
was	O
defeated	O
after	O
heavy	O
lobbying	O
by	O
the	O
telemarketing	O
industry	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Also	O
last	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
,	O
Rep.	O
Ron	B-PERSON
Dellums	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
introduced	O
a	O
bill	O
requiring	O
universal	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
party	O
consent	O
to	O
any	O
tapings	O
in	O
cases	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
involve	O
law	O
enforcement	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
voice	O
-	O
activated	O
tape	O
recorders	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
include	O
beep	O
tones	O
and	O
labels	O
explaining	O
federal	O
laws	O
on	O
eavesdropping	O
.	O


The	O
outlook	O
on	O
both	O
federal	O
bills	O
is	O
uncertain	O
,	O
especially	O
remembering	O
the	O
1987	B-DATE
defeat	O
.	O


The	O
ACLU	B-ORG
and	O
worker	O
organizations	O
back	O
tighter	O
laws	O
,	O
but	O
employers	O
and	O
device	O
manufacturers	O
object	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
'm	O
sympathetic	O
with	O
workers	O
who	O
feel	O
under	O
the	O
gun	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Barton	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Direct	I-ORG
Marketing	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
lobbying	O
strenuously	O
against	O
the	O
Edwards	B-PERSON
beeper	O
bill	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
you	O
can	O
find	O
out	O
how	O
your	O
people	O
are	O
doing	O
is	O
by	O
listening	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
powerful	O
group	O
,	O
which	O
represents	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
telemarketers	O
,	O
was	O
instrumental	O
in	O
derailing	O
the	O
1987	B-DATE
bill	O
.	O


Spiegel	B-PERSON
also	O
opposes	O
the	O
beeper	O
bill	O
,	O
saying	O
the	O
noise	O
it	O
requires	O
would	O
interfere	O
with	O
customer	O
orders	O
,	O
causing	O
irritation	O
and	O
even	O
errors	O
.	O


Laura	B-PERSON
Dale	I-PERSON
,	O
center	O
manager	O
at	O
the	O
catalog	O
company	O
's	O
customer	O
order	O
center	O
in	O
Reno	B-GPE
,	O
Nev.	B-GPE
,	O
defends	O
monitoring	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
like	O
to	O
follow	O
up	O
and	O
make	O
sure	O
operators	O
are	O
achieving	O
our	O
standards	O
of	O
company	O
service	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Ms.	O
Dale	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
supervises	O
350	B-CARDINAL
operators	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Bonomo	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Nynex	B-ORG
spokesman	O
,	O
says	O
the	O
telephone	O
company	O
needs	O
to	O
monitor	O
operators	O
to	O
evaluate	O
performance	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
job	O
.	O


``	O
Sometimes	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
we	O
'll	O
pull	O
someone	O
off	O
the	O
phones	O
for	O
more	O
training	O
.	O
''	O


Federal	O
wiretap	O
statutes	O
recognize	O
the	O
right	O
of	O
employers	O
to	O
monitor	O
employees	O
'	O
for	O
evaluation	O
purposes	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
Congress	B-ORG
has	O
viewed	O
monitoring	O
as	O
an	O
issue	O
best	O
handled	O
in	O
union	O
negotiations	O
.	O


But	O
opponents	O
,	O
led	O
by	O
the	O
CWA	B-ORG
,	O
say	O
new	O
laws	O
are	O
needed	O
because	O
monitoring	O
is	O
heavily	O
concentrated	O
in	O
service	O
industries	O
and	O
81	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
monitored	O
workers	O
are	O
n't	O
represented	O
by	O
unions	O
.	O


The	O
CWA	B-ORG
claims	O
that	O
monitoring	O
not	O
only	O
infringes	O
on	O
employee	O
privacy	O
,	O
but	O
increases	O
stress	O
.	O


``	O
Nine	B-ORG
to	I-ORG
Five	I-ORG
,	O
''	O
a	O
Cleveland	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
office	O
workers	O
organization	O
that	O
supports	O
the	O
beeper	O
bill	O
,	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
started	O
a	O
privacy	O
hot	O
line	O
to	O
receive	O
reports	O
of	O
alleged	O
monitoring	O
abuses	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
supporters	O
of	O
the	O
Dellums	B-PERSON
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
party	O
consent	O
bill	O
say	O
it	O
is	O
needed	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
giant	O
loophole	O
in	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
party	O
consent	O
law	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
person	O
taping	O
is	O
a	O
party	O
to	O
the	O
conversation	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
right	O
to	O
record	O
without	O
the	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
person	O
on	O
the	O
line	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Intercepting	O
other	O
people	O
's	O
private	O
conversations	O
is	O
illegal	O
and	O
punishable	O
by	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
prison	O
and	O
fines	O
of	O
$	O
10,000	B-MONEY
.	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
electronics	O
industry	O
is	O
closely	O
following	O
the	O
Dellums	B-PERSON
bill	O
.	O


Some	O
marketers	O
of	O
surveillance	O
gear	O
--	O
including	O
Communication	B-ORG
Control	I-ORG
System	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
owns	O
the	B-ORG
Counter	I-ORG
Spy	I-ORG
Shop	I-ORG
and	O
others	O
like	O
it	O
--	O
already	O
put	O
warning	O
labels	O
in	O
their	O
catalogs	O
informing	O
customers	O
of	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
party	O
law	O
.	O


But	O
vendors	O
contend	O
that	O
they	O
ca	O
n't	O
control	O
how	O
their	O
products	O
are	O
used	O
.	O


Radio	B-ORG
Shack	I-ORG
says	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
policy	O
against	O
selling	O
products	O
if	O
a	O
salesperson	O
suspects	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
used	O
illegally	O
.	O


``	O
Everything	O
sold	O
at	O
Radio	B-ORG
Shack	I-ORG
has	O
a	O
legal	O
purpose	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Bernard	B-PERSON
Appel	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
Tandy	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
subsidiary	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
he	O
has	O
n't	O
yet	O
studied	O
the	O
Dellums	B-PERSON
bill	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
requiring	O
a	O
beeping	O
tone	O
on	O
recorders	O
``	O
would	O
be	O
ludicrous	O
.	O
''	O


Still	O
,	O
Radio	B-ORG
Shack	I-ORG
is	O
aware	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
products	O
are	O
controversial	O
.	O


A	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
company	O
voluntarily	O
stopped	O
selling	O
``	O
The	B-PRODUCT
Big	I-PRODUCT
Ear	I-PRODUCT
,	O
''	O
a	O
powerful	O
microphone	O
.	O


With	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
pick	O
up	O
rustlings	O
and	O
flapping	O
wings	O
,	O
``	O
it	O
was	O
meant	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
toy	O
for	O
children	O
for	O
bird	O
watching	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Appel	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
But	O
we	O
were	O
getting	O
too	O
many	O
complaints	O
that	O
people	O
were	O
using	O
them	O
to	O
eavesdrop	O
on	O
their	O
neighbors	O
.	O
''	O


Concord	B-ORG
Camera	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
completed	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Peter	B-ORG
Bauser	I-ORG
G.m.b	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
H.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
photographic	O
products	O
distributor	O
.	O


Terms	O
were	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
.	O


Concord	B-ORG
is	O
a	O
camera	O
and	O
photographic	O
products	O
company	O
.	O


The	O
Navy	B-ORG
awarded	O
Litton	B-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Ingalls	B-ORG
Shipbuilding	I-ORG
division	O
$	B-MONEY
15.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
shipyard	O
services	O
on	O
the	O
Aegis	B-PRODUCT
cruiser	O
program	O
.	O


The	O
award	O
exercises	O
a	O
Navy	B-ORG
option	O
to	O
extend	O
a	O
contract	O
given	O
in	O
1984	B-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
called	O
on	O
Congress	B-ORG
to	O
attach	O
the	O
proposed	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
tax	O
cut	O
to	O
its	O
final	O
deficit	O
-	O
reduction	O
bill	O
,	O
but	O
lawmakers	O
seem	O
likely	O
to	O
balk	O
at	O
the	O
idea	O
.	O


Earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
endorsed	O
stripping	O
the	O
controversial	O
tax	O
measure	O
from	O
the	O
bill	O
so	O
that	O
Congress	B-ORG
could	O
pass	O
quickly	O
a	O
``	O
clean	O
''	O
bill	O
containing	O
only	O
provisions	O
specifically	O
designed	O
to	O
meet	O
federal	O
budget	O
targets	O
under	O
the	O
Gramm	B-LAW
-	I-LAW
Rudman	I-LAW
act	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
that	O
Congress	B-ORG
has	O
missed	O
the	O
legal	O
deadline	O
for	O
meeting	O
the	O
Gramm	B-LAW
-	I-LAW
Rudman	I-LAW
targets	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
has	O
returned	O
to	O
its	O
original	O
view	O
that	O
a	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
cut	O
should	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
deficit	O
-	O
reduction	O
bill	O
,	O
on	O
which	O
Congress	B-ORG
continues	O
to	O
work	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
happen	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
press	O
forward	O
on	O
another	O
vehicle	O
and	O
a	O
separate	O
vote	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
press	O
secretary	O
Marlin	B-PERSON
Fitzwater	I-PERSON
.	O


On	O
Capitol	B-ORG
Hill	I-ORG
,	O
though	O
,	O
there	O
does	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
sufficient	O
sentiment	O
to	O
pair	O
capital	O
gains	O
and	O
the	O
deficit	O
-	O
reduction	O
bill	O
.	O


Texas	B-GPE
Rep.	O
William	B-PERSON
Archer	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
ranking	O
Republican	B-NORP
on	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
Ways	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Means	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
how	O
we	O
have	O
the	O
votes	O
''	O
to	O
place	O
a	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
tax	O
cut	O
there	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
stepped	O
up	O
his	O
personal	O
lobbying	O
for	O
the	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
tax	O
cut	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
said	O
he	O
plans	O
to	O
hold	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
private	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
meetings	O
,	O
mostly	O
with	O
Senate	B-ORG
Democrats	B-NORP
,	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
persuade	O
lawmakers	O
to	O
fall	O
in	O
line	O
behind	O
the	O
tax	O
cut	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
meeting	O
yesterday	B-DATE
was	O
with	O
10	B-CARDINAL
Senate	B-ORG
Democrats	B-NORP
who	O
have	O
expressed	O
an	O
interest	O
in	O
cutting	O
the	O
tax	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
some	O
who	O
attended	O
,	O
the	O
senators	O
argued	O
that	O
the	O
president	O
should	O
give	O
the	O
Democratic	B-NORP
leaders	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
a	O
victory	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
to	O
compensate	O
them	O
for	O
allowing	O
the	O
president	O
to	O
win	O
on	O
the	O
controversial	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
issue	O
.	O


Issues	O
discussed	O
in	O
this	O
context	O
were	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
minimum	O
wage	O
and	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
child	O
-	O
care	O
spending	O
.	O


The	O
president	O
was	O
said	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
noncommittal	O
.	O


Toshiba	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
its	O
new	O
French	B-NORP
marketing	O
concern	O
has	O
started	O
operating	O
under	O
the	O
aegis	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
subsidiary	O
,	O
which	O
formerly	O
handled	O
all	O
sales	O
of	O
Toshiba	B-ORG
electronic	O
products	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
recent	O
change	O
in	O
French	B-NORP
law	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Toshiba	B-ORG
,	O
permitted	O
formation	O
of	O
the	O
semiconductor	O
marketing	O
arm	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
.	O


American	B-ORG
Telephone	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Telegraph	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
unveiled	O
new	O
optical	O
transmission	O
systems	O
for	O
data	O
,	O
video	O
and	O
voice	O
communications	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
products	O
in	O
what	O
the	O
telecommunications	O
giant	O
called	O
a	O
new	O
generation	O
of	O
such	O
equipment	O
are	O
available	O
now	O
,	O
AT&T	B-ORG
said	O
,	O
and	O
three	B-CARDINAL
others	O
will	O
be	O
introduced	O
in	O
1990	B-DATE
and	O
1991	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
products	O
are	O
aimed	O
at	O
a	O
market	O
expected	O
to	O
total	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
in	O
sales	O
by	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
said	O
Morgan	B-PERSON
Buchner	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
transmission	O
systems	O
for	O
AT&T	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
products	O
already	O
available	O
are	O
cross-connect	O
systems	O
,	O
used	O
instead	O
of	O
mazes	O
of	O
wiring	O
to	O
interconnect	O
other	O
telecommunications	O
equipment	O
.	O


This	O
cuts	O
down	O
greatly	O
on	O
labor	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Buchner	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


To	O
be	O
introduced	O
later	O
are	O
a	O
multiplexer	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
allow	O
several	O
signals	O
to	O
travel	O
along	O
a	O
single	O
optical	O
line	O
;	O
a	O
light	O
-	O
wave	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
carries	O
voice	O
channels	O
;	O
and	O
a	O
network	O
controller	O
,	O
which	O
directs	O
data	O
flow	O
through	O
cross-connect	O
systems	O
.	O


AT&T	B-ORG
said	O
the	O
products	O
,	O
unlike	O
previous	O
generations	O
,	O
will	O
meet	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
Sonet	O
compatability	O
standards	O
,	O
which	O
AT&T	B-ORG
expects	O
to	O
be	O
broadly	O
adopted	O
.	O


Sonet	O
,	O
or	O
synchronous	O
optical	O
network	O
,	O
products	O
have	O
more	O
capacity	O
than	O
earlier	O
models	O
.	O


``	O
These	O
products	O
are	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
our	O
transmission	O
-	O
product	O
line	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Buchner	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


He	O
declined	O
to	O
disclose	O
specific	O
prices	O
,	O
but	O
said	O
each	O
product	O
costs	O
in	O
the	B-MONEY
tens	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
thousands	I-MONEY
,	I-MONEY
or	I-MONEY
even	I-MONEY
hundreds	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
thousands	I-MONEY
,	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


AT&T	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
expects	O
to	O
beat	O
to	O
the	O
marketplace	O
two	B-CARDINAL
rivals	O
,	O
Northern	B-ORG
Telecom	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
of	O
Canada	B-GPE
and	O
France	B-GPE
's	O
Alcatel	B-ORG
N.V.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
also	O
have	O
announced	O
Sonet	O
-	O
based	O
products	O
.	O


AT&T	B-ORG
predicted	O
strong	O
growth	O
in	O
demand	O
for	O
such	O
products	O
.	O


It	O
noted	O
that	O
last	B-DATE
July	I-DATE
,	O
Nippon	B-ORG
Telegraph	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Telephone	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Japan	I-ORG
selected	O
AT&T	B-ORG
to	O
supply	O
$	B-MONEY
154	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
such	O
equipment	O
over	O
a	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
period	O
starting	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Law	O
firms	O
that	O
have	O
feasted	O
and	O
grown	O
on	O
the	O
revenue	O
from	O
mergers	O
and	O
acquisitions	O
work	O
are	O
feeling	O
the	O
squeeze	O
as	O
that	O
work	O
declines	O
.	O


The	O
disarray	O
in	O
the	O
junk	O
-	O
bond	O
market	O
that	O
began	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
with	O
a	O
credit	O
crunch	O
at	O
Campeau	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
failure	O
of	O
banks	O
to	O
deliver	O
financing	O
for	O
a	O
leveraged	O
buy	O
-	O
out	O
of	O
United	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
parent	O
UAL	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
has	O
reverberated	O
through	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
largest	O
law	O
firms	O
.	O


While	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
too	O
early	O
to	O
tell	O
whether	O
the	O
dearth	O
of	O
takeover	O
activity	O
is	O
only	O
temporary	O
,	O
many	O
lawyers	O
say	O
their	O
firms	O
are	O
bracing	O
for	O
lower	O
revenue	O
from	O
merger	O
work	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
so	O
lucrative	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


Much	O
of	O
this	O
work	O
was	O
done	O
for	O
higher	O
fees	O
than	O
other	O
legal	O
work	O
and	O
was	O
not	O
generally	O
billed	O
by	O
the	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	O


If	O
deals	O
take	O
longer	O
to	O
complete	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
fewer	O
of	O
them	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
``	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
bill	O
the	O
same	O
kind	O
of	O
premium	O
as	O
when	O
deals	O
took	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
from	O
start	O
to	O
finish	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
lawyer	O
at	O
a	O
large	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
firm	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
're	O
planning	O
on	O
a	B-DATE
rip	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
roaring	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
1989	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
we	O
'll	O
be	O
another	O
story	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Freedman	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
partner	O
at	O
Simpson	B-ORG
Thacher	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Bartlett	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
We	O
're	O
settling	O
down	O
to	O
a	O
less	O
active	O
period	O
.	O
''	O


Lawyers	O
at	O
such	O
firms	O
as	O
Sullivan	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Cromwell	I-ORG
;	O
Willkie	B-ORG
Farr	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Gallagher	I-ORG
;	O
Wachtell	B-ORG
,	O
Lipton	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Rosen	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Katz	I-ORG
;	O
and	O
Fried	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Frank	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Harris	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Shriver	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Jacobson	I-ORG
all	O
say	O
they	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
have	O
experienced	O
a	O
significant	O
slowdown	O
,	O
particularly	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
Everyone	O
is	O
waiting	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
deals	O
can	O
be	O
done	O
at	O
sensible	O
prices	O
and	O
if	O
money	O
is	O
available	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Nusbaum	I-PERSON
,	O
co-chairman	O
of	O
Willkie	B-ORG
Farr	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
know	O
right	O
now	O
if	O
the	O
change	O
is	O
fundamental	O
or	O
cyclical	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
lawyers	O
say	O
the	O
slump	O
,	O
while	O
more	O
obvious	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
began	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Dennis	B-PERSON
Block	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
partner	O
at	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
firm	O
of	O
Weil	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Gotshal	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Manges	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
89	B-CARDINAL
hostile	O
offers	O
were	O
launched	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
157	B-CARDINAL
for	O
the	O
first	O
eight	O
months	O
of	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
transactions	O
are	O
taking	O
a	O
much	O
longer	O
time	O
to	O
conclude	O
and	O
many	O
fall	O
apart	O
for	O
lack	O
of	O
financing	O
''	O
and	O
more	O
stringent	O
scrutiny	O
by	O
state	O
courts	O
.	O


Lawyers	O
also	O
say	O
an	O
erratic	O
stock	O
market	O
and	O
uncertain	O
financing	O
conditions	O
have	O
sharply	O
reduced	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
lucrative	O
big	O
deals	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
proposed	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
some	O
lawyers	O
say	O
the	O
mergers	O
slowdown	O
has	O
n't	O
affected	O
foreign	O
buyers	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
domestic	O
ones	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
just	O
took	O
another	O
floor	O
for	O
our	O
London	B-GPE
offices	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
Flom	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
firm	O
of	O
Skadden	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Arps	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Slate	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Meagher	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Flom	I-ORG
.	O


Davis	B-ORG
Polk	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Wardwell	I-ORG
also	O
said	O
its	O
international	O
clients	O
are	O
keeping	O
mergers	O
and	O
acquisitions	O
partners	O
busy	O
.	O


``	O
European	B-NORP
companies	O
are	O
looking	O
to	O
buy	O
American	B-NORP
ones	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Henry	B-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
managing	O
partner	O
at	O
that	O
firm	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
question	O
is	O
whether	O
things	O
people	O
are	O
looking	O
at	O
will	O
actually	O
surface	O
in	O
live	O
transactions	O
in	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
market	O
conditions	O
.	O
''	O


MURDER	O
THREAT	O
charged	O
in	O
Haas	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
stock	O
-	O
manipulation	O
trial	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
trial	O
of	O
former	O
Haas	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Eugene	B-PERSON
Laff	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
defense	O
accused	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
chief	O
witnesses	O
of	O
threatening	O
to	O
kill	O
Mr.	O
Laff	B-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Laff	B-PERSON
's	O
attorney	O
,	O
John	B-PERSON
Lang	I-PERSON
,	O
filed	O
a	O
memorandum	O
asking	O
that	O
the	O
trial	O
record	O
include	O
a	O
secretly	O
taped	O
conversation	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
witness	O
,	O
Henry	B-PERSON
Lorin	I-PERSON
,	O
told	O
a	O
Haas	B-ORG
stockbroker	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Laff	B-PERSON
should	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O


The	O
conversation	O
was	O
taped	O
by	O
federal	O
investigators	O
in	O
what	O
Mr.	O
Lang	B-PERSON
said	O
was	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
get	O
Mr.	O
Lorin	B-PERSON
to	O
implicate	O
Mr.	O
Laff	B-PERSON
.	O


In	O
his	O
opening	O
arguments	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
federal	O
court	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
Mr.	O
Lang	B-PERSON
told	O
the	O
jury	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Lorin	B-PERSON
was	O
the	O
``	O
real	O
master	O
criminal	O
''	O
behind	O
the	O
stock	O
manipulation	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Laff	B-PERSON
knew	O
nothing	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


In	O
March	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Laff	B-PERSON
was	O
indicted	O
on	O
15	B-CARDINAL
counts	O
of	O
conspiracy	O
,	O
mail	O
and	O
securities	O
fraud	O
,	O
and	O
obstructing	O
an	O
investigation	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
government	O
has	O
charged	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Lorin	B-PERSON
and	O
Mr.	O
Laff	B-PERSON
were	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
conspiracy	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
prices	O
of	O
certain	O
stocks	O
at	O
artificially	O
high	O
prices	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lorin	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
stock	O
promoter	O
,	O
pleaded	O
guilty	O
to	O
the	O
stock	O
-	O
manipulation	O
charges	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
and	O
agreed	O
to	O
cooperate	O
with	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
investigation	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Laff	B-PERSON
.	O


During	O
his	O
cross	O
examination	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Lorin	B-PERSON
,	O
Mr.	O
Lang	B-PERSON
read	O
from	O
the	O
transcripts	O
of	O
a	O
conversation	O
that	O
was	O
taped	O
Oct.	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


Stanley	B-PERSON
Aslanian	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Haas	B-ORG
broker	O
who	O
agreed	O
to	O
carry	O
a	O
hidden	O
microphone	O
during	O
the	O
conversation	O
,	O
also	O
has	O
pleaded	O
guilty	O
to	O
conspiracy	O
to	O
commit	O
securities	O
violations	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
manipulation	O
and	O
agreed	O
to	O
cooperate	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
transcript	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Lorin	B-PERSON
said	O
Mr.	O
Laff	B-PERSON
should	O
be	O
killed	O
after	O
Mr.	O
Aslanian	B-PERSON
told	O
him	O
that	O
information	O
given	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Laff	B-PERSON
by	O
another	O
conspirator	O
could	O
jeopardize	O
the	O
stock	O
scheme	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lorin	B-PERSON
then	O
repeated	O
the	O
threat	O
,	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Aslanian	B-PERSON
urged	O
him	O
not	O
to	O
say	O
such	O
things	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
transcript	O
read	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Lang	B-PERSON
,	O
it	O
was	O
unclear	O
what	O
exactly	O
Mr.	O
Lorin	B-PERSON
feared	O
might	O
happen	O
.	O


When	O
asked	O
for	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
transcript	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Lang	B-PERSON
said	O
Judge	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
P.	I-PERSON
Griesa	I-PERSON
had	O
instructed	O
him	O
not	O
to	O
release	O
it	O
or	O
the	O
memorandum	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
trial	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Lang	B-PERSON
asked	O
Mr.	O
Lorin	B-PERSON
whether	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
so	O
upset	O
``	O
that	O
you	O
considered	O
killing	O
Mr.	O
Laff	B-PERSON
?	O
...	O


Is	O
n't	O
it	O
true	O
that	O
you	O
were	O
so	O
worked	O
up	O
that	O
framing	O
Mr.	O
Laff	B-PERSON
for	O
this	O
crime	O
was	O
the	O
least	O
that	O
you	O
planned	O
for	O
him	O
?	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Lorin	B-PERSON
responded	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Mr.	O
Lang	B-PERSON
asked	O
Mr.	O
Lorin	B-PERSON
whether	O
he	O
had	O
taken	O
steps	O
to	O
have	O
Mr.	O
Laff	B-PERSON
killed	O
,	O
the	O
witness	O
again	O
said	O
no	O
.	O


Peter	B-PERSON
Lieb	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
assistant	O
U.S.	B-GPE
attorney	O
prosecuting	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
trial	O
.	O


TRUSTEE	O
WHO	O
MONITORED	O
settlement	O
payments	O
to	O
Dalkon	B-PRODUCT
Shield	I-PRODUCT
claimants	O
quits	O
.	O


Stephen	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Saltzburg	I-PERSON
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
trustees	O
appointed	O
to	O
monitor	O
payments	O
to	O
women	O
injured	O
by	O
the	O
Dalkon	B-PRODUCT
Shield	I-PRODUCT
intrauterine	O
contraceptive	O
,	O
resigned	O
,	O
citing	O
personal	O
reasons	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Saltzburg	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
teaches	O
evidence	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Virginia	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Law	I-ORG
and	O
was	O
a	O
deputy	O
assistant	O
attorney	O
general	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
Justice	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
until	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
submitted	O
his	O
resignation	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
to	O
federal	O
Judge	O
Robert	B-PERSON
R.	I-PERSON
Merhige	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
in	O
Richmond	B-GPE
,	O
Va	B-GPE
.	O


Judge	O
Merhige	B-PERSON
is	O
overseeing	O
the	O
bankruptcy	O
-	O
law	O
reorganization	O
of	O
A.H.	B-ORG
Robins	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
company	O
that	O
manufactured	O
the	O
shield	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
letter	O
Monday	B-DATE
to	O
Mr.	O
Saltzburg	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
judge	O
said	O
he	O
would	O
``	O
reluctantly	O
''	O
accept	O
the	O
resignation	O
.	O


The	O
$	B-MONEY
2.38	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
Dalkon	O
Shield	O
Claimants	O
Trust	O
was	O
established	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
A.H.	B-ORG
Robins	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
bankruptcy	O
-	O
reorganization	O
plan	O
to	O
resolve	O
injury	O
claims	O
arising	O
from	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
shield	O
.	O


American	B-ORG
Home	I-ORG
Products	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
proposes	O
to	O
acquire	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


The	O
remaining	O
four	B-CARDINAL
trustees	O
on	O
the	O
Claimants	O
Trust	O
have	O
60	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
to	O
nominate	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Saltzburg	B-PERSON
.	O


Judge	O
Merhige	B-PERSON
will	O
make	O
the	O
appointment	O
.	O


CHICAGO	O
LAW	O
FIRM	O
recruits	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
vice	O
president	O
:	O


Coffield	B-ORG
Ungaretti	I-ORG
Harris	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Slavin	I-ORG
brought	O
in	O
Howard	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Menell	I-PERSON
as	O
a	O
partner	O
in	O
its	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
D.C.	B-GPE
,	O
office	O
,	O
which	O
opened	O
Oct.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Menell	B-PERSON
,	O
43	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
served	O
as	O
vice	O
president	O
for	O
government	O
affairs	O
at	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
previously	O
was	O
staff	O
director	O
and	O
counsel	O
for	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
committee	O
on	O
banking	O
,	O
housing	O
and	O
urban	O
affairs	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
lawyer	O
in	O
the	O
office	O
is	O
partner	O
Robert	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Macari	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
firm	O
's	O
legislative	O
director	O
.	O


THE	O
PHILADELPHIA	B-GPE
law	O
firm	O
of	O
Ballard	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Spahr	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Andrews	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Ingersoll	I-ORG
said	O
three	B-CARDINAL
partners	O
have	O
joined	O
its	O
business	O
and	O
finance	O
department	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Ake	I-PERSON
,	O
48	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
former	O
vice-president	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
legal	O
compliance	O
at	O
American	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
Houston	B-GPE
,	O
will	O
join	O
Ballard	B-ORG
Spahr	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
corporate	O
-	O
securities	O
practice	O
.	O


Kent	B-PERSON
Walker	I-PERSON
,	O
45	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
former	O
partner	O
at	O
the	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE
law	O
firm	O
of	O
Mesirov	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Gelman	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Jaffe	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Cramer	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Jamieson	I-ORG
,	O
will	O
specialize	O
in	O
antitrust	O
,	O
real	O
estate	O
and	O
mergers	O
and	O
acquisitions	O
.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
L.	I-PERSON
Sherman	I-PERSON
,	O
42	B-DATE
,	O
will	O
advise	O
midsized	O
businesses	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Sherman	B-PERSON
is	O
former	O
deputy	O
general	O
counsel	O
for	O
SmithKline	B-ORG
Beckman	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE
,	O
now	O
SmithKline	B-ORG
Beecham	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


Delmed	B-ORG
Inc.	O
's	O
top	O
two	B-CARDINAL
officers	O
resigned	O
and	O
were	O
succeeded	O
by	O
executives	O
of	O
Fresenius	B-ORG
USA	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
its	O
parent	O
,	O
Fresenius	B-ORG
AG	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
major	O
Delmed	B-ORG
holder	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
negotiating	O
to	O
acquire	O
a	O
controlling	O
stake	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
Delmed	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
makes	O
and	O
sells	O
a	O
dialysis	O
solution	O
used	O
in	O
treating	O
kidney	O
diseases	O
,	O
said	O
negotiations	O
about	O
pricing	O
had	O
collapsed	O
between	O
it	O
and	O
a	O
major	O
distributor	O
,	O
National	B-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Care	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Delmed	B-ORG
said	O
Robert	B-PERSON
S.	I-PERSON
Ehrlich	I-PERSON
resigned	O
as	O
chairman	O
,	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Ehrlich	B-PERSON
will	O
continue	O
as	O
a	O
director	O
and	O
a	O
consultant	O
.	O


Leslie	B-PERSON
I.	I-PERSON
Shapiro	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
and	O
chief	O
financial	O
officer	O
,	O
also	O
resigned	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
said	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Ehrlich	B-PERSON
was	O
succeeded	O
as	O
chairman	O
by	O
Gerd	B-PERSON
Krick	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
director	O
of	O
Fresenius	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
pharmaceutical	O
concern	O
.	O


Ben	B-PERSON
Lipps	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Fresenius	B-ORG
USA	I-ORG
,	O
was	O
named	O
president	O
,	O
chief	O
executive	O
and	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
.	O


None	O
of	O
the	O
officials	O
was	O
available	O
for	O
comment	O
.	O


In	O
trading	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
,	O
Delmed	B-ORG
closed	O
at	O
50	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
,	O
down	O
6.25	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
.	O


Fresenius	B-ORG
owns	O
about	B-PERCENT
42	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Delmed	B-ORG
's	O
fully	O
diluted	O
common	O
stock	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
have	O
been	O
discussing	O
a	O
transaction	O
under	O
which	O
Fresenius	B-ORG
would	O
buy	O
Delmed	B-ORG
stock	O
for	O
cash	O
to	O
bring	O
its	O
beneficial	O
ownership	O
to	O
between	B-PERCENT
70	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	I-PERCENT
80	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Delmed	B-ORG
's	O
fully	O
diluted	O
common	O
stock	O
.	O


The	O
transaction	O
also	O
would	O
combine	O
Fresenius	B-ORG
USA	I-ORG
and	O
Delmed	B-ORG
.	O


Under	O
the	O
proposal	O
,	O
Delmed	B-ORG
would	O
issue	O
about	B-CARDINAL
123.5	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
additional	O
Delmed	B-ORG
common	O
shares	O
to	O
Fresenius	B-ORG
at	O
an	O
average	O
price	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
65	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
,	O
though	O
under	O
no	O
circumstances	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
75	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
Delmed	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
``	O
continues	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
a	O
combination	O
with	O
Fresenius	B-ORG
USA	I-ORG
.	O
''	O


It	O
added	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
apparent	O
that	O
any	O
terms	O
of	O
a	O
combination	O
``	O
would	O
be	O
substantially	O
less	O
favorable	O
than	O
those	O
previously	O
announced	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
the	O
discussions	O
between	O
Delmed	B-ORG
and	O
National	B-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Care	I-ORG
have	O
been	O
discontinued	O
,	O
Delmed	B-ORG
will	O
continue	O
to	O
supply	O
dialysis	O
products	O
through	O
National	B-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
after	O
their	O
exclusive	O
agreement	O
ends	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
1990	I-DATE
,	O
Delmed	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
Delmed	B-ORG
is	O
exploring	O
distribution	O
arrangements	O
with	O
Fresenius	B-ORG
USA	I-ORG
,	O
Delmed	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


Philip	B-PERSON
L.	I-PERSON
Hall	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
J.	B-ORG
Lawrence	I-ORG
Hall	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Nashua	B-PERSON
,	O
was	O
named	O
a	O
director	O
of	O
this	O
thrift	O
holding	O
company	O
,	O
filling	O
a	O
vacancy	O
.	O


Kennametal	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
intends	O
to	O
acquire	O
J&L	B-ORG
America	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
for	O
$	B-MONEY
44	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
plus	O
a	O
consideration	O
of	O
as	B-MONEY
much	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
an	I-MONEY
additional	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
12	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
payable	O
over	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Kennametal	B-ORG
is	O
a	O
carbide	O
-	O
products	O
and	O
cutting	O
-	O
tools	O
company	O
.	O


J&L	B-ORG
,	O
whose	O
principal	O
offices	O
are	O
in	O
Detroit	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
a	O
mail	O
-	O
order	O
distributer	O
of	O
industrial	O
tools	O
and	O
supplies	O
.	O


The	O
acquisition	O
is	O
subject	O
to	O
approval	O
by	O
Kennametal	B-ORG
's	O
board	O
.	O


THE	B-ORG
AMERICAN	I-ORG
CANCER	I-ORG
SOCIETY	I-ORG
'S	I-ORG
1988	B-DATE
costs	O
of	O
fund	O
raising	O
and	O
administration	O
were	O
$	B-MONEY
72.4	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
or	O
23.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
revenue	O
.	O


A	O
chart	O
in	O
last	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
special	O
report	O
on	O
personal	O
finance	O
contained	O
an	O
incorrect	O
figure	O
supplied	O
by	O
NonProfit	B-ORG
Times	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
monthly	B-DATE
newspaper	O
covering	O
charities	O
.	O


Robert	B-PERSON
L.	I-PERSON
Wood	I-PERSON
,	O
37	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
chief	O
financial	O
officer	O
,	O
was	O
named	O
chairman	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
of	O
this	O
independent	O
power	O
producer	O
,	O
succeeding	O
Raymond	B-PERSON
L.	I-PERSON
Hixson	I-PERSON
,	O
63	B-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Hixson	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
resigned	O
effective	O
Jan.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
for	O
health	O
reasons	O
,	O
remains	O
a	O
director	O
.	O


Birmingham	B-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
its	O
Emeryville	B-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
,	O
minimill	O
sustained	O
only	O
minor	O
damage	O
from	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
earthquake	O
.	O


Steelmaking	O
resumed	O
Oct.	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
company	O
expects	O
production	O
to	O
be	O
hampered	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
by	O
traffic	O
disruptions	O
around	O
the	O
plant	O
and	O
outages	O
for	O
repair	O
to	O
gas	O
and	O
electric	O
power	O
systems	O
.	O


The	O
average	O
interest	O
rate	O
rose	O
to	O
8.337	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
at	O
Citicorp	B-ORG
's	O
$	B-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
weekly	B-DATE
auction	O
of	O
91	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
commercial	O
paper	O
,	O
or	O
corporate	O
IOUs	O
,	O
from	O
8.292	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
at	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
sale	O
.	O


Bids	O
totaling	O
$	B-MONEY
475	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
were	O
submitted	O
.	O


Accepted	O
bids	O
ranged	O
from	O
8.328	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8.347	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


However	O
,	O
Citicorp	B-ORG
said	O
that	O
the	O
average	O
rate	O
fell	O
to	O
7.962	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
at	O
its	O
$	B-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
auction	O
of	O
182	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
commercial	O
paper	O
from	O
7.986	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
at	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
sale	O
.	O


Bids	O
totaling	O
$	B-MONEY
425	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
were	O
submitted	O
.	O


Accepted	O
bids	O
were	O
all	O
at	O
7.962	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
bank	O
holding	O
company	O
will	O
auction	O
another	O
$	B-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
each	O
maturity	O
next	B-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
.	O


Hughes	B-ORG
Aircraft	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
General	B-ORG
Motors	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
unit	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
Intelsat	B-ORG
VI	I-ORG
commercial	O
communications	O
satellite	O
is	O
set	O
to	O
be	O
launched	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
satellite	O
,	O
built	O
by	O
Hughes	B-ORG
for	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Telecommunications	I-ORG
Satellite	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
700	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
contract	O
awarded	O
to	O
Hughes	B-ORG
in	O
1982	B-DATE
to	O
develop	O
five	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
three	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
satellites	O
.	O


Italian	B-NORP
car	O
manufacturer	O
Fiat	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
interested	O
in	O
partnership	O
or	O
industrial	O
cooperation	O
with	O
Swedish	B-NORP
auto	O
and	O
aerospace	O
group	O
Saab	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Scania	I-ORG
AB	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
faces	O
heavy	O
losses	O
in	O
its	O
car	O
division	O
.	O


Fiat	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
's	O
only	O
interested	O
in	O
technical	O
cooperation	O
with	O
Saab	B-ORG
.	O


``	O
We	O
know	O
that	O
Saab	B-ORG
is	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
partner	O
for	O
industrial	O
and	O
financial	O
cooperation	O
,	O
''	O
Fiat	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
that	O
partner	O
is	O
n't	O
Fiat	B-ORG
.	O
''	O


The	O
Italian	B-NORP
auto	O
maker	O
confirmed	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
discussing	O
technical	O
cooperation	O
with	O
Saab	B-ORG
,	O
but	O
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
rumors	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
planning	O
to	O
buy	O
Saab	B-ORG
's	O
car	O
division	O
.	O


Fiat	B-ORG
's	O
rejection	O
of	O
partnership	O
with	O
Saab	B-ORG
means	O
that	O
the	O
Swedish	B-NORP
company	O
,	O
which	O
announced	O
last	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
that	O
its	O
pretax	O
profit	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
plummeted	O
49	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
a	O
partner	O
among	O
other	O
car	O
manufacturers	O
as	O
both	O
Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
Fiat	B-ORG
have	O
turned	O
down	O
the	O
offer	O
.	O


News	O
reports	O
said	O
yesterday	B-DATE
that	O
Saab	B-ORG
is	O
trying	O
to	O
start	O
negotiations	O
with	O
French	B-NORP
automakers	O
Peugeot	B-ORG
and	O
Renault	B-ORG
.	O


Amoco	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
plans	O
to	O
install	O
two	B-CARDINAL
platforms	O
and	O
drill	O
as	B-CARDINAL
many	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
22	I-CARDINAL
wells	O
to	O
develop	O
oil	O
reserves	O
it	O
discovered	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Atlantic	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
about	B-QUANTITY
25	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
off	O
the	O
coast	O
of	O
Congo	B-GPE
.	O


Amoco	B-ORG
,	O
an	O
energy	O
concern	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
operator	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
with	O
a	O
43.75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
working	O
interest	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
partners	O
include	O
Hydro	B-ORG
Congo	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Congolese	B-NORP
state	O
oil	O
company	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
interest	O
,	O
and	O
Kuwait	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Exploration	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
with	O
a	O
6.25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
.	O


Production	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
about	B-QUANTITY
40,000	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
of	O
oil	O
a	O
day	O
after	O
completion	O
of	O
the	O
drilling	O
program	O
.	O


Jacobs	B-ORG
Engineering	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Jacobs	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
unit	O
was	O
selected	O
to	O
design	O
and	O
build	O
a	O
microcomputer	O
-	O
systems	O
manufacturing	O
plant	O
in	O
County	B-GPE
Kildare	I-GPE
,	O
Ireland	B-GPE
,	O
for	O
Intel	B-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


Jacobs	B-ORG
is	O
an	O
international	O
engineering	O
and	O
construction	O
concern	O
.	O


Total	O
capital	O
investment	O
at	O
the	O
site	O
could	O
be	O
as	B-MONEY
much	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
according	O
to	O
Intel	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
150,000	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
plant	O
will	O
be	O
constructed	O
on	O
a	O
55	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
acre	I-QUANTITY
site	O
near	O
Dublin	B-GPE
.	O


Jacobs	B-ORG
Engineering	I-ORG
officials	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
reached	O
for	O
comment	O
.	O


Bob	B-ORG
Evans	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
its	O
board	O
authorized	O
the	O
purchase	O
of	O
as	B-CARDINAL
many	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
500,000	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
of	O
its	O
common	O
.	O


The	O
stock	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
purchased	O
on	O
the	O
open	O
market	O
or	O
through	O
privately	O
negotiated	O
transactions	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
held	O
as	O
treasury	O
shares	O
for	O
stock	O
options	O
or	O
other	O
general	O
corporate	O
purposes	O
.	O


The	O
program	O
expires	O
April	B-DATE
27	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
restaurant	O
operator	O
had	O
32.2	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
outstanding	O
as	O
of	O
Sept.	B-DATE
29	I-DATE
.	O


Coda	B-ORG
Energy	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
completed	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
Phenix	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Transmission	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
to	O
Bishop	B-ORG
Pipeline	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
17	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
cash	O
and	O
notes	O
.	O


Coda	B-ORG
,	O
an	O
oil	O
and	O
gas	O
concern	O
,	O
said	O
it	O
and	O
its	O
partners	O
received	O
$	B-MONEY
7	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
cash	O
and	O
$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
notes	O
for	O
the	O
Kansas	B-GPE
intrastate	O
pipeline	O
.	O


Coda	B-ORG
owned	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
pipeline	O
and	O
private	O
entities	O
owned	O
the	O
rest	O
.	O


Bishop	B-ORG
is	O
based	O
in	O
Hutchinson	B-GPE
,	O
Kansas	B-GPE
.	O


French	B-NORP
consumer	O
prices	O
rose	O
0.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
September	B-DATE
from	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
provisional	O
estimates	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Statistics	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
agency	O
noted	O
that	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
strike	O
by	O
Finance	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
personnel	O
the	O
provisional	O
estimate	O
does	O
n't	O
correspond	O
exactly	O
to	O
the	O
consumer	O
price	O
index	O
usually	O
published	O
.	O


The	O
agency	O
noted	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
estimate	O
will	O
likely	O
be	O
confirmed	O
.	O


The	O
institute	O
did	O
n't	O
estimate	O
annual	B-DATE
price	O
growth	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
a	O
0.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
rise	O
by	O
the	O
consumer	O
price	O
index	O
would	O
put	O
growth	O
at	O
either	O
178.8	B-CARDINAL
or	O
178.9	B-CARDINAL
,	O
up	O
3.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
or	I-PERCENT
3.4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
the	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
level	O
of	O
173.1	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
index	O
was	O
178.5	B-CARDINAL
in	O
August	B-DATE
and	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
1980	B-DATE
equaling	O
100	B-CARDINAL
.	O


International	B-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
Davy	B-ORG
McKee	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
London	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Davy	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
they	O
were	O
awarded	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
55	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
contract	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
Corps	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Engineers	I-ORG
for	O
the	O
closure	O
of	O
the	O
Helen	B-LOC
Kramer	I-LOC
Landfill	I-LOC
Superfund	I-LOC
site	O
in	O
Mantua	B-GPE
Township	I-GPE
,	O
N.J	B-GPE
.	O


International	B-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
environmental	O
management	O
concern	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
contract	O
includes	O
construction	O
of	O
slurry	O
walls	O
,	O
gas	O
collection	O
systems	O
,	O
a	O
multilayer	O
cap	O
and	O
water	O
treatment	O
plant	O
.	O


U.S.	B-ORG
Memories	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
venture	O
that	O
seeks	O
to	O
crack	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
domination	O
of	O
the	O
memory	O
-	O
chip	O
market	O
,	O
said	O
it	O
has	O
chosen	O
four	B-CARDINAL
potential	O
sites	O
for	O
its	O
operations	O
after	O
a	O
fierce	O
bidding	O
war	O
by	O
15	B-CARDINAL
states	O
.	O


U.S.	B-ORG
Memories	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
will	O
begin	O
visits	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
several	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
to	O
sites	O
in	O
Austin	B-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
;	O
Colorado	B-GPE
Springs	I-GPE
,	O
Colo.	B-GPE
;	O
Middletown	B-GPE
,	O
N.Y.	B-GPE
;	O
and	O
Phoenix	B-GPE
,	O
Ariz	B-GPE
.	O


Sanford	B-PERSON
Kane	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
finalists	O
were	O
chosen	O
from	O
among	O
57	B-CARDINAL
locations	O
based	O
on	O
financial	O
,	O
business	O
,	O
and	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
considerations	O
.	O


Conspicuous	O
by	O
its	O
absence	O
is	O
California	B-GPE
.	O


San	B-GPE
Jose	I-GPE
and	O
several	O
other	O
California	B-GPE
cities	O
mounted	O
major	O
campaigns	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
to	O
woo	O
the	O
group	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
founded	O
last	B-DATE
June	I-DATE
by	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
electronics	O
concerns	O
.	O


The	O
venture	O
plans	O
to	O
announce	O
a	O
final	O
site	O
by	O
late	O
November	B-DATE
.	O


It	O
expects	O
to	O
begin	O
construction	O
by	O
year	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
and	O
start	O
shipping	O
four	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
megabit	I-QUANTITY
dynamic	O
random	O
-	O
access	O
memory	O
chips	O
by	O
mid-1991	B-DATE
.	O


U.S.	B-ORG
Memories	I-ORG
investors	O
include	O
Advanced	B-ORG
Micro	I-ORG
Devices	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Digital	B-ORG
Equipment	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
International	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Machines	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Intel	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
LSI	B-ORG
Logic	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
National	B-ORG
Semiconductor	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Kane	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
expects	O
several	O
other	O
companies	O
to	O
join	O
some	O
time	O
after	O
the	O
venture	O
completes	O
a	O
business	O
plan	O
,	O
probably	O
later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
seat	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Chicago	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
was	O
sold	O
for	O
$	O
390,000	B-MONEY
,	O
unchanged	O
from	O
the	O
previous	O
sale	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
.	O


Seats	O
currently	O
are	O
quoted	O
at	O
$	O
361,000	B-MONEY
bid	O
,	O
$	O
395,000	B-MONEY
asked	O
.	O


The	O
record	O
price	O
for	O
a	O
full	O
membership	O
on	O
the	O
exchange	O
is	O
$	O
550,000	B-MONEY
,	O
set	O
Aug.	B-DATE
31	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1987	I-DATE
.	O


Dennis	B-PERSON
R.	I-PERSON
Mangino	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
EniChem	B-ORG
Americas	I-ORG
,	O
was	O
named	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
post	O
at	O
this	O
steel	O
company	O
.	O


Fred	B-PERSON
D.	I-PERSON
Thompson	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
47	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
attorney	O
in	O
private	O
practice	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
and	O
Nashville	B-GPE
,	O
Tenn.	B-GPE
,	O
was	O
elected	O
to	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
this	O
engineering	O
and	O
construction	O
company	O
.	O


The	O
board	O
increased	O
to	O
11	B-CARDINAL
seats	O
.	O


Sun	B-ORG
Microsystems	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
Prime	B-ORG
Computer	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
has	O
agreed	O
to	O
resell	O
as	B-MONEY
much	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
worth	O
of	O
Sun	B-ORG
's	O
machines	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
computers	O
use	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
own	O
microprocessor	O
called	O
Sparc	B-PRODUCT
,	O
Sun	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


Quickview	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
filed	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
against	O
Apple	B-ORG
Computer	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
claiming	O
patent	O
infringement	O
in	O
an	O
element	O
of	O
Apple	B-ORG
's	O
popular	O
HyperCard	B-PRODUCT
software	O
program	O
.	O


The	O
suit	O
,	O
filed	O
in	O
Minneapolis	B-GPE
federal	O
court	O
,	O
claims	O
that	O
Apple	B-ORG
violated	O
a	O
Quickview	B-ORG
patent	O
that	O
allows	O
computer	O
users	O
to	O
display	O
``	O
only	O
portions	O
of	O
multiple	O
fields	O
on	O
a	O
computer	O
screen	O
with	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
entire	O
contents	O
of	O
any	O
given	O
field	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
HyperCard	B-PRODUCT
program	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
design	O
applications	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-ORG
computers	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
be	O
hardcore	O
programmers	O
and	O
is	O
distributed	O
with	O
every	O
Macintosh	B-ORG
sold	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
computer	O
programs	O
of	O
all	O
time	O
,	O
but	O
analysts	O
said	O
the	O
Quickview	B-ORG
suit	O
does	O
n't	O
appear	O
to	O
bode	O
major	O
difficulties	O
for	O
Apple	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
technology	O
at	O
issue	O
``	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
underlying	O
technology	O
of	O
HyperCard	B-PRODUCT
to	O
my	O
knowledge	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Danny	B-PERSON
Goodman	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
-	O
area	O
HyperCard	B-PRODUCT
program	O
developer	O
.	O


Nonetheless	O
,	O
the	O
suit	O
seeks	O
unspecified	O
damages	O
that	O
an	O
attorney	O
for	O
Quickview	B-ORG
claimed	O
could	O
run	O
into	O
the	B-MONEY
millions	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


In	O
Cupertino	B-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
,	O
Apple	B-ORG
said	O
that	O
it	O
believes	O
the	O
case	O
has	O
no	O
merit	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
HyperCard	B-PRODUCT
does	O
not	O
infringe	O
``	O
any	O
valid	O
claims	O
''	O
of	O
the	O
Quickview	B-ORG
patents	O
.	O


It	O
said	O
it	O
filed	O
an	O
action	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
in	O
federal	O
court	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Jose	I-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
,	O
seeking	O
a	O
declaration	O
that	O
Quickview	B-ORG
's	O
claims	O
are	O
invalid	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
Atsushi	B-PERSON
Kageyama	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Manager	O
's	O
Journal	O
,	O
``	O
Looking	B-WORK_OF_ART
for	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Real	I-WORK_OF_ART
Thing	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Sony	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
-LRB-	O
editorial	O
page	O
,	O
Oct.	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


Though	O
I	O
agree	O
with	O
many	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Kageyama	B-PERSON
's	O
comments	O
,	O
I	O
believe	O
he	O
points	O
the	O
gun	O
in	O
the	O
wrong	O
direction	O
:	O
It	O
is	O
n't	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
who	O
must	O
be	O
criticized	O
for	O
not	O
understanding	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
culture	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
who	O
insist	O
on	O
forcing	O
their	O
culture	O
on	O
Americans	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
Japanese	B-NORP
want	O
us	O
to	O
accept	O
their	O
culture	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
refuse	O
to	O
accept	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
culture	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
managers	O
ca	O
n't	O
expect	O
Americans	B-NORP
to	O
behave	O
as	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
Japanese	B-NORP
;	O
instead	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
manage	O
Americans	B-NORP
as	O
Americans	B-NORP
.	O


Americans	B-NORP
are	O
expected	O
to	O
conform	O
to	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
culture	O
when	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


What	O
is	O
wrong	O
with	O
expecting	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
to	O
conform	O
to	O
American	B-NORP
norms	O
when	O
they	O
locate	O
here	O
?	O


Americans	B-NORP
place	O
native	O
or	O
native	O
speakers	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
subsidiaries	O
overseas	O
.	O


European	B-NORP
multinationals	O
do	O
likewise	O
;	O
even	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
their	O
affiliates	O
are	O
usually	O
run	O
by	O
American	B-NORP
managers	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
insist	O
upon	O
Japanese	B-NORP
managers	O
everywhere	O
they	O
set	O
up	O
shop	O
.	O


Do	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
feel	O
so	O
superior	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
not	O
find	O
capable	O
American	B-NORP
managers	O
?	O


Paul	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Herbig	I-PERSON
Indiana	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
Bloomington	B-GPE
,	O
Ind	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Kageyama	B-PERSON
suggests	O
that	O
Kotobuki	B-ORG
Electronics	I-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
workers	O
were	O
having	O
difficulty	O
understanding	O
their	O
foreign	O
bosses	O
'	O
perspective	O
.	O


While	O
Mr.	O
Kageyama	B-PERSON
does	O
an	O
excellent	O
job	O
of	O
explaining	O
the	O
differences	O
,	O
both	O
cultural	O
and	O
philosophic	O
,	O
I	O
question	O
his	O
perspective	O
.	O


Would	O
he	O
suggest	O
that	O
employees	O
of	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
company	O
doing	O
business	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
conform	O
to	O
their	O
new	O
bosses	O
'	O
culture	O
and	O
philosophy	O
?	O


Obviously	O
not	O
.	O


Thus	O
the	O
conclusion	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
burden	O
rests	O
with	O
management	O
to	O
understand	O
/	O
adopt	O
the	O
culture	O
and	O
philosophy	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
in	O
which	O
they	O
are	O
operating	O
.	O


The	O
workers	O
can	O
be	O
motivated	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
company	O
reach	O
its	O
full	O
potential	O
,	O
only	O
when	O
management	O
embraces	O
the	O
employees	O
'	O
perspective	O
.	O


A.	B-PERSON
Lawton	I-PERSON
Langford	I-PERSON
President	O
Municipal	B-ORG
Code	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
Tallahassee	B-GPE
,	O
Fla	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
believe	O
Mr.	O
Kageyama	B-PERSON
left	O
out	O
one	B-CARDINAL
major	O
aspect	O
of	O
Japanese	B-NORP
culture	O
that	O
permeated	O
his	O
piece	O
:	O
the	O
belief	O
in	O
the	O
superiority	O
of	O
Japanese	B-NORP
culture	O
and	O
behavior	O
vs.	O
others	O
.	O


A	O
manager	O
should	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
rebut	O
the	O
opinions	O
of	O
his	O
employees	O
about	O
the	O
style	O
of	O
his	O
management	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
he	O
should	O
listen	O
to	O
see	O
how	O
that	O
criticism	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
constructively	O
to	O
advance	O
his	O
objective	O
of	O
carrying	O
out	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
tasks	O
through	O
the	O
efforts	O
of	O
his	O
subordinates	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
culture	O
vs.	O
American	B-NORP
culture	O
is	O
irrelevant	O
.	O


The	O
key	O
is	O
how	O
a	O
manager	O
from	O
one	O
culture	O
can	O
motivate	O
employees	O
from	O
another	O
.	O


For	O
Mr.	O
Kageyama	B-PERSON
to	O
argue	O
that	O
American	B-NORP
employees	O
must	O
passively	O
accept	O
a	O
direct	O
imposition	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
way	O
of	O
doing	O
things	O
is	O
outright	O
cultural	O
chauvinism	O
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
order	O
.	O


The	O
Japanese	B-NORP
are	O
neglecting	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
synthesize	O
a	O
new	O
corporate	O
culture	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
aspects	O
of	O
both	O
national	O
cultures	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kageyama	B-PERSON
is	O
accurate	O
to	O
deny	O
a	O
specific	O
anti-American	B-NORP
bias	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
more	O
difficult	O
to	O
deny	O
a	O
general	O
bigotry	O
in	O
seeing	O
things	O
only	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
way	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
criticism	O
is	O
only	O
a	O
better	O
explanation	O
of	O
policies	O
without	O
altering	O
the	O
reasons	O
for	O
the	O
criticism	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
convinced	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Kageyama	B-PERSON
has	O
still	O
failed	O
to	O
attack	O
the	O
root	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
and	O
is	O
simply	O
treating	O
symptoms	O
.	O


Norman	B-PERSON
L.	I-PERSON
Owens	I-PERSON
Tempe	B-GPE
,	O
Ariz	B-GPE
.	O


Cie	B-ORG
.	I-ORG
Generale	I-ORG
des	I-ORG
Eaux	I-ORG
reported	O
that	O
net	O
profit	O
climbed	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
and	O
said	O
that	O
it	O
expects	O
a	O
gain	O
of	O
about	B-PERCENT
25	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
the	B-DATE
full	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
French	B-NORP
water	O
treatment	O
group	O
said	O
consolidated	O
net	O
profit	O
after	O
payments	O
to	O
minority	O
interests	O
rose	O
to	O
749	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
francs	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
US$	B-MONEY
119.2	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
from	O
575	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
francs	I-MONEY
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


Revenue	O
climbed	O
13	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
45.4	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
francs	I-MONEY
from	O
40.1	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Generale	B-ORG
des	I-ORG
Eaux	I-ORG
said	O
the	O
earnings	O
gain	O
was	O
led	O
by	O
its	O
water	O
,	O
energy	O
and	O
building	O
activities	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
presidential	O
candidate	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
,	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
forthrightly	O
expressed	O
his	O
position	O
on	O
abortion	O
in	O
an	O
interview	O
with	O
Rolling	B-ORG
Stone	I-ORG
magazine	I-ORG
published	O
that	O
March	B-DATE
.	O


What	O
did	O
he	O
think	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
decision	O
legalizing	O
abortion	O
?	O


``	O
I	O
happen	O
to	O
think	O
it	O
was	O
right	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
said	O
flatly	O
.	O


A	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
became	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Reagan	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
running	O
mate	O
.	O


Suddenly	O
,	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
the	O
pro-choice	O
advocate	O
became	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
the	O
anti-abortionist	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
vacillation	O
did	O
n't	O
end	O
there	O
.	O


Just	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
sternly	O
threatened	O
to	O
veto	O
a	O
pending	O
welfare	O
bill	O
if	O
it	O
provided	O
any	O
abortion	O
funds	O
,	O
except	O
to	O
save	O
a	O
woman	O
's	O
life	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
--	O
declaring	O
that	O
``	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
looking	O
for	O
any	O
conflict	O
over	O
this	O
''	O
--	O
the	O
president	O
said	O
he	O
would	O
consider	O
a	O
compromise	O
to	O
fund	O
abortions	O
for	O
poor	O
women	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
rape	O
and	O
incest	O
.	O


But	O
only	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
that	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
resurrected	O
the	O
veto	O
threat	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
support	O
federal	O
funding	O
for	O
abortions	O
except	O
where	O
the	O
mother	O
's	O
life	O
is	O
threatened	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
proclaimed	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
vetoed	O
the	O
measure	O
last	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
.	O


So	O
what	O
does	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
really	O
believe	O
?	O


The	O
answer	O
is	O
so	O
murky	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
beginning	O
to	O
get	O
this	O
popular	O
president	O
in	O
trouble	O
with	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
increasingly	O
vocal	O
,	O
increasingly	O
powerful	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
abortion	O
issue	O
.	O


The	O
result	O
is	O
mistrust	O
and	O
criticism	O
from	O
all	O
around	O
.	O


Anti-abortion	O
forces	O
regard	O
him	O
as	O
at	O
best	O
an	O
uncertain	O
ally	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
all	O
honesty	O
if	O
you	O
ask	O
me	O
,	O
`	O
Is	O
this	O
man	O
a	O
true	O
believer	O
?	O
'	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
John	B-PERSON
Fowler	I-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
Washington	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
Ad	B-ORG
Hoc	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
in	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Yet	O
abortion	O
-	O
rights	O
forces	O
remain	O
bitterly	O
critical	O
.	O


Douglas	B-PERSON
Gould	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
communications	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Planned	I-ORG
Parenthood	I-ORG
Federation	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
,	O
calls	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
position	O
on	O
the	O
abortion	O
-	O
funding	O
issue	O
``	O
extremely	O
cruel	O
,	O
''	O
adding	O
:	O
``	O
The	O
guy	O
has	O
n't	O
done	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
about	O
prevention	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
totally	O
geared	O
to	O
a	O
punitive	O
position	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
plainly	O
uncomfortable	O
with	O
the	O
entire	O
abortion	O
question	O
.	O


For	O
most	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
nine	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
has	O
striven	O
to	O
convince	O
anti-abortion	O
activists	O
of	O
his	O
stalwart	O
support	O
for	O
their	O
position	O
.	O


But	O
ever	O
since	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Webster	B-PERSON
vs.	O
Reproductive	B-ORG
Health	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
decision	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
changed	O
the	O
political	O
landscape	O
of	O
the	O
abortion	O
issue	O
,	O
the	O
president	O
seemingly	O
has	O
tried	O
just	O
as	O
hard	O
to	O
avoid	O
saying	O
anything	O
more	O
unless	O
pressed	O
to	O
the	O
wall	O
.	O


Many	O
Americans	B-NORP
still	O
agonize	O
over	O
their	O
own	O
personal	O
feelings	O
about	O
abortion	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
problem	O
is	O
n't	O
so	O
much	O
that	O
he	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
agonizing	O
over	O
the	O
issue	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
that	O
he	O
seems	O
to	O
vacillate	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
political	O
risk	O
would	O
be	O
far	O
less	O
if	O
the	O
president	O
drew	O
a	O
firm	O
line	O
and	O
hewed	O
to	O
it	O
,	O
experts	O
insist	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
position	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
better	O
off	O
to	O
stick	O
with	O
it	O
than	O
to	O
move	O
around	O
very	O
much	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Republican	B-NORP
strategist	O
John	B-PERSON
Sears	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
need	O
for	O
consistency	O
is	O
especially	O
acute	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Sears	B-PERSON
maintains	O
,	O
lacks	O
a	O
strong	O
ideological	O
base	O
.	O


By	O
his	O
moderate	O
Republican	B-NORP
heritage	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
warnings	O
of	O
political	O
advisers	O
who	O
say	O
the	O
issue	O
is	O
vital	O
to	O
younger	O
voters	O
,	O
the	O
president	O
might	O
seem	O
to	O
have	O
at	O
least	O
some	O
sympathy	O
with	O
abortion	O
-	O
rights	O
arguments	O
.	O


Yet	O
he	O
is	O
also	O
firmly	O
bound	O
by	O
his	O
hard	O
-	O
line	O
rhetoric	O
and	O
promises	O
he	O
made	O
to	O
anti-abortion	O
activists	O
during	O
his	O
long	O
pursuit	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
.	O


On	O
many	O
issues	O
--	O
flag	O
-	O
burning	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
--	O
his	O
keen	O
political	O
sensitivities	O
overcome	O
such	O
conflicts	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
advisers	O
miscalculated	O
the	O
politics	O
of	O
the	O
abortion	O
issue	O
,	O
failing	O
to	O
grasp	O
how	O
dramatically	O
the	O
abortion	O
-	O
rights	O
movement	O
would	O
be	O
aroused	O
following	O
last	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
decision	O
to	O
restrict	O
those	O
rights	O
in	O
the	O
Webster	B-PERSON
case	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
quickest	O
changes	O
in	O
public	O
attitudes	O
I	O
've	O
ever	O
seen	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
former	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
pollster	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Wirthlin	I-PERSON
.	O


These	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
others	O
raise	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
abortion	O
,	O
the	O
usually	O
loquacious	O
president	O
can	O
be	O
close	O
-	O
mouthed	O
almost	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
curtness	O
.	O


Ten	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
he	O
was	O
asked	O
to	O
amplify	O
the	O
reasons	O
behind	O
his	O
anti-abortion	O
stance	O
.	O


``	O
My	O
position	O
is	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
and	O
well	O
-	O
stated	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
replied	O
.	O


A	O
close	O
look	O
at	O
his	O
record	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
15	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
suggests	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
has	O
well	O
-	O
stated	O
his	O
views	O
--	O
on	O
all	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
issue	O
.	O


In	O
1974	B-DATE
,	O
as	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
representative	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
wrote	O
an	O
introduction	O
to	O
a	O
book	O
on	O
world	O
population	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
boasted	O
of	O
his	O
leadership	O
during	O
his	O
term	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
in	O
expanding	O
family	O
-	O
planning	O
services	O
for	O
the	O
poor	O
.	O


Running	O
for	O
president	O
in	O
early	O
1980	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
was	O
also	O
quoted	O
as	O
supporting	O
federal	O
funding	O
for	O
abortions	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
rape	O
,	O
incest	O
and	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
the	O
mother	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
Rolling	B-ORG
Stone	I-ORG
interview	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
volunteered	O
his	O
abortion	O
-	O
rights	O
remarks	O
to	O
contrast	O
himself	O
with	O
his	O
rival	O
,	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Reagan	I-PERSON
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
supporting	O
the	O
landmark	O
Roe	B-PERSON
vs.	O
Wade	B-PERSON
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
decision	O
legalizing	O
abortion	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
opposed	O
the	O
constitutional	O
ban	O
on	O
abortion	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
was	O
promising	O
to	O
promote	O
.	O


As	O
Mr.	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
's	O
running	O
mate	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
plunged	O
headlong	O
into	O
the	O
anti-abortion	O
position	O
,	O
endorsing	O
a	O
constitutional	O
amendment	O
outlawing	O
abortion	O
.	O


He	O
acknowledged	O
only	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
difference	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
--	O
that	O
the	O
amendment	O
ought	O
to	O
have	O
exceptions	O
for	O
rape	O
and	O
incest	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
save	O
a	O
woman	O
's	O
life	O
.	O


Throughout	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
was	O
quoted	O
sometimes	O
supporting	O
federal	O
funding	O
for	O
abortion	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
rape	O
and	O
incest	O
and	O
sometimes	O
opposing	O
it	O
.	O


In	O
April	B-DATE
1986	I-DATE
,	O
then	O
-	O
Vice	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
had	O
his	O
staff	O
write	O
a	O
letter	O
spelling	O
out	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
support	O
a	O
constitutional	O
amendment	O
banning	O
abortions	O
except	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
rape	O
,	O
incest	O
and	O
life	O
endangerment	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
he	O
opposed	O
federal	O
funding	O
in	O
all	O
but	O
the	O
latter	O
case	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
GOP	B-ORG
convention	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
again	O
came	O
out	O
for	O
an	O
amendment	O
with	O
exceptions	O
for	O
rape	O
,	O
incest	O
and	O
life	O
endangerment	O
.	O


His	O
rhetoric	O
gathered	O
momentum	O
as	O
he	O
rolled	O
into	O
office	O
,	O
affirming	O
his	O
``	O
firm	O
support	O
of	O
our	O
cause	O
''	O
during	O
an	O
anti-abortion	O
rally	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
his	O
inauguration	O
last	B-DATE
January	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
again	O
urged	O
passage	O
of	O
a	O
constitutional	O
amendment	O
outlawing	O
abortion	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
high	O
court	O
ruled	O
in	O
the	O
Webster	B-PERSON
case	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
president	O
began	O
to	O
lower	O
the	O
volume	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
ruling	O
was	O
handed	O
down	O
,	O
the	O
vacationing	O
president	O
dispatched	O
Chief	O
of	O
Staff	O
John	B-PERSON
Sununu	I-PERSON
to	O
issue	O
a	O
statement	O
and	O
refused	O
to	O
answer	O
questions	O
himself	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
later	O
threaten	O
vetoes	O
over	O
legislation	O
restoring	O
the	B-GPE
District	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Columbia	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
right	O
to	O
use	O
its	O
own	O
tax	O
money	O
to	O
fund	O
abortions	O
for	O
poor	O
women	O
and	O
over	O
restoring	O
funding	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Population	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
since	O
then	O
,	O
while	O
trying	O
to	O
drum	O
up	O
support	O
for	O
other	O
issues	O
--	O
such	O
as	O
an	O
anti-flag	O
-	O
burning	O
constitutional	O
amendment	O
--	O
he	O
has	O
shied	O
away	O
from	O
talking	O
about	O
abortion	O
.	O


What	O
few	O
comments	O
he	O
has	O
initiated	O
have	O
been	O
oblique	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
urging	O
``	O
greater	O
efforts	O
toward	O
the	O
protection	O
of	O
human	O
life	O
''	O
at	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
Catholic	B-NORP
lawyers	O
in	O
Boston	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
has	O
likewise	O
avoided	O
any	O
involvement	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
's	O
recent	O
special	O
legislative	O
session	O
on	O
abortion	O
,	O
which	O
anti-abortion	O
forces	O
had	O
regarded	O
as	O
a	O
key	O
test	O
of	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
get	O
state	O
lawmakers	O
to	O
toughen	O
abortion	O
restrictions	O
.	O


The	O
session	O
failed	O
to	O
enact	O
any	O
new	O
curbs	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
some	O
see	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
trapped	O
in	O
a	O
position	O
he	O
is	O
neither	O
comfortable	O
with	O
nor	O
able	O
to	O
escape	O
.	O


Ken	B-PERSON
Ruberg	I-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Mainstream	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
party	O
moderates	O
,	O
observes	O
:	O
``	O
The	O
administration	O
finds	O
itself	O
in	O
an	O
ideological	O
cul	O
de	O
sac	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
find	O
it	O
difficult	O
--	O
if	O
not	O
impossible	O
--	O
to	O
get	O
itself	O
out	O
of	O
.	O


Christopher	B-PERSON
Cox	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
editorial	O
-	O
page	O
article	O
``	O
Toward	B-WORK_OF_ART
More	I-WORK_OF_ART
Crippling	I-WORK_OF_ART
Lawsuits	I-WORK_OF_ART
...	O
''	O
misses	O
the	O
point	O
.	O


The	O
1989	B-DATE
Americans	B-LAW
With	I-LAW
Disabilities	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
is	O
about	O
eliminating	O
discriminatory	O
barriers	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
look	O
closely	O
at	O
our	O
own	O
history	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
clear	O
that	O
our	O
constitutionally	O
mandated	O
civil	O
rights	O
have	O
evolved	O
not	O
through	O
the	O
goodness	O
of	O
people	O
's	O
hearts	O
but	O
through	O
legislation	O
and	O
constitutional	O
amendments	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
how	O
American	B-NORP
women	O
won	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
vote	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
is	O
how	O
African	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Americans	I-NORP
and	O
other	O
minority	O
groups	O
were	O
guaranteed	O
their	O
equal	O
rights	O
as	O
citizens	O
in	O
this	O
nation	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
43	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Americans	B-NORP
with	O
disabilities	O
,	O
the	O
1989	B-DATE
Americans	B-LAW
With	I-LAW
Disabilities	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
provides	O
the	O
missing	O
piece	O
.	O


Disabled	O
Americans	B-NORP
have	O
had	O
their	O
civil	O
rights	O
guaranteed	O
in	O
all	O
federally	O
funded	O
programs	O
since	O
Section	B-LAW
504	I-LAW
was	O
passed	O
as	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
1973	B-DATE
Rehabilitation	B-LAW
Act	I-LAW
.	O


The	O
1989	B-DATE
act	O
simply	O
extends	O
these	O
guarantees	O
to	O
the	O
private	O
sector	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
fear	O
a	O
plethora	O
of	O
suits	O
paralyzing	O
our	O
legal	O
system	O
need	O
only	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
record	O
on	O
the	B-LAW
Rehabilitation	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
.	O


Without	O
legal	O
recourse	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
guarantees	O
of	O
civil	O
rights	O
for	O
anyone	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
R.	I-PERSON
Garrison	I-PERSON
President	O
National	B-ORG
Easter	I-ORG
Seal	I-ORG
Society	I-ORG


Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
is	O
consolidating	O
control	O
of	O
its	O
Asian	B-NORP
operations	O
under	O
a	O
new	O
organization	O
here	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
headed	O
by	O
W.	B-PERSON
Wayne	I-PERSON
Booker	I-PERSON
.	O


Ford	B-ORG
Asia	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Pacific	I-ORG
will	O
coordinate	O
the	O
activities	O
of	O
Ford	B-ORG
subsidiaries	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
Australia	B-GPE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
and	O
work	O
with	O
Ford	B-ORG
business	O
associates	O
throughout	O
the	O
region	O
.	O


These	O
functions	O
are	O
currently	O
performed	O
out	O
of	O
Melbourne	B-GPE
,	O
Australia	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
at	O
Ford	B-ORG
's	O
headquarters	O
in	O
Dearborn	B-GPE
,	O
Mich	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Booker	B-PERSON
,	O
executive	O
director	O
of	O
Ford	B-ORG
's	O
Latin	B-ORG
America	I-ORG
Automotive	I-ORG
Operations	I-ORG
since	O
December	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
,	O
was	O
named	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
Ford	B-ORG
Asia	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Pacific	I-ORG
.	O


Westinghouse	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
will	O
buy	O
Shaw	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Walker	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


Terms	O
were	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
.	O


Shaw	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Walker	I-ORG
,	O
based	O
in	O
Muskegon	B-GPE
,	O
Mich.	B-GPE
,	O
makes	O
metal	O
files	O
and	O
desks	O
,	O
and	O
seating	O
and	O
office	O
systems	O
furniture	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
has	O
launched	O
a	O
new	O
effort	O
to	O
prove	O
the	B-ORG
Palestine	I-ORG
Liberation	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
continues	O
to	O
practice	O
terrorism	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
to	O
persuade	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
to	O
break	O
off	O
talks	O
with	O
the	O
group	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
said	O
they	O
are	O
n't	O
buying	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
argument	O
.	O


Israeli	B-NORP
counterterrorism	O
officials	O
provided	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
with	O
a	O
20	B-CARDINAL
-	O
page	O
list	O
of	O
recent	O
terrorist	O
incidents	O
they	O
attribute	O
directly	O
to	O
forces	O
controlled	O
by	O
PLO	B-ORG
Chairman	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
publicly	O
renounced	O
terrorism	O
Dec.	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
,	O
satisfying	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
precondition	O
for	O
a	O
direct	O
``	O
dialogue	O
''	O
with	O
the	O
PLO	B-ORG
.	O


A	O
U.S.	B-GPE
counterterrorism	O
official	O
said	O
experts	O
are	O
studying	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
list	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
have	O
no	O
independent	O
evidence	O
linking	O
Fatah	B-ORG
to	O
any	O
acts	O
of	O
terrorism	O
since	O
Dec.	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1988	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
specific	O
PLO	B-ORG
group	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
heads	O
.	O


``	O
So	O
far	O
,	O
this	O
list	O
does	O
n't	O
change	O
our	O
view	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
wants	O
to	O
end	O
the	O
dialogue	O
,	O
but	O
our	O
analysts	O
take	O
a	O
different	O
view	O
than	O
theirs	O
.	O
''	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Yitzhak	B-PERSON
Shamir	I-PERSON
's	O
top	O
adviser	O
on	O
counterterrorism	O
,	O
Yigal	B-PERSON
Carmon	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
here	O
Monday	B-DATE
to	O
present	O
the	O
report	O
to	O
members	O
of	O
Congress	B-ORG
,	O
reporters	O
and	O
others	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Carmon	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
also	O
presented	O
the	O
list	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
to	O
William	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
Ambassador	O
to	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


Separately	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
reported	O
that	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
government	O
had	O
provided	O
its	O
correspondent	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
with	O
different	O
documents	O
that	O
Israel	B-GPE
said	O
prove	O
the	O
PLO	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
conducting	O
terrorism	O
from	O
the	O
occupied	O
Arab	B-NORP
territories	B-LOC
.	O


The	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
has	O
n't	O
yet	O
seen	O
copies	O
of	O
those	O
papers	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
the	O
dialogue	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
assumption	O
that	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
or	O
the	O
PLO	B-ORG
would	O
stop	O
terrorism	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
have	O
evidence	O
of	O
continued	O
terrorism	O
,	O
what	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
logical	O
conclusion	O
?	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Carmon	B-PERSON
asked	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
has	O
long	O
claimed	O
Mr.	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
never	O
meant	O
to	O
renounce	O
terrorism	O
,	O
particularly	O
because	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
lieutenants	O
reserved	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
press	O
``	O
armed	O
struggle	O
''	O
against	O
the	O
Jewish	B-NORP
state	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
says	O
it	O
is	O
backing	O
up	O
its	O
contention	O
with	O
detailed	O
accounts	O
of	O
alleged	O
terrorist	O
acts	O
and	O
plans	O
linked	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
.	O


It	O
blames	O
most	O
of	O
these	O
on	O
Fatah	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
new	O
accusations	O
come	O
at	O
a	O
delicate	O
time	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
efforts	O
to	O
bring	O
about	O
talks	O
between	O
Israel	B-GPE
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
representatives	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
had	O
received	O
a	O
new	O
letter	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
from	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Moshe	B-PERSON
Arens	I-PERSON
,	O
restating	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
previous	O
objection	O
to	O
negotiating	O
with	O
any	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
tied	O
to	O
the	O
PLO	B-ORG
.	O


Deciding	O
what	O
constitutes	O
``	O
terrorism	O
''	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
legalistic	O
exercise	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
defines	O
it	O
as	O
``	O
premediated	O
,	O
politically	O
motivated	O
violence	O
perpetrated	O
against	O
noncombatant	O
targets	O
by	O
subnational	O
groups	O
or	O
clandestine	O
state	O
agents	O
.	O
''	O


To	O
meet	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
criteria	O
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
contended	O
it	O
only	O
listed	O
incidents	O
that	O
involved	O
civilians	O
and	O
occurred	O
inside	O
its	O
pre-1967	B-DATE
borders	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
report	O
is	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
a	O
dozen	B-CARDINAL
incidents	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
attributes	O
to	O
Fatah	B-ORG
,	O
including	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
bombs	O
and	O
Molotov	O
cocktails	O
.	O


But	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
n't	O
satisfied	O
these	O
incidents	O
constitute	O
terrorism	O
because	O
they	O
may	O
be	O
offshoots	O
of	O
the	O
intifadah	O
,	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
rebellion	O
in	O
the	O
occupied	O
territories	B-LOC
,	O
which	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
does	O
n't	O
classify	O
as	O
terrorism	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
officials	O
say	O
Israel	B-GPE
has	O
n't	O
presented	O
convincing	O
evidence	O
these	O
acts	O
were	O
ordered	O
by	O
Fatah	B-ORG
or	O
by	O
any	O
group	O
Mr.	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
controls	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
terrorism	O
experts	O
also	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
highly	O
uncertain	O
about	O
the	O
veracity	O
of	O
the	O
separate	O
documents	O
leaked	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
papers	O
,	O
which	O
Israel	B-GPE
says	O
were	O
discovered	O
in	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
occupied	O
Gaza	B-GPE
,	O
refer	O
to	O
terrorist	O
acts	O
to	O
be	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
a	O
group	O
called	O
``	O
the	B-ORG
Revolutionary	I-ORG
Eagles	I-ORG
.	O
''	O


Some	O
supporters	O
of	O
Israel	B-GPE
say	O
U.S.	B-GPE
policy	O
on	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
terrorism	O
is	O
colored	O
by	O
an	O
intense	O
desire	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
dialogue	O
with	O
the	O
PLO	B-ORG
.	O


But	O
State	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
officials	O
accuse	O
Israel	B-GPE
of	O
leaking	O
questionable	O
claims	O
to	O
embarrass	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
dollar	O
finished	O
lower	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
after	O
tracking	O
another	O
rollercoaster	O
session	O
on	O
Wall	O
Street	O
.	O


Concern	O
about	O
the	O
volatile	O
U.S.	B-GPE
stock	O
market	O
had	O
faded	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
sessions	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
traders	O
appeared	O
content	O
to	O
let	O
the	O
dollar	O
languish	O
in	O
a	O
narrow	O
range	O
until	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
preliminary	O
report	O
on	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
U.S.	B-GPE
gross	O
national	O
product	O
is	O
released	O
.	O


But	O
seesaw	O
gyrations	O
in	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
yesterday	B-DATE
put	O
Wall	O
Street	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
spotlight	O
and	O
inspired	O
market	O
participants	O
to	O
bid	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
unit	O
lower	O
.	O


UAL	B-ORG
's	O
decision	O
to	O
remain	O
an	O
independent	O
company	O
sent	O
share	O
prices	O
tumbling	O
.	O


By	O
midmorning	B-TIME
,	O
the	O
DJIA	O
had	O
plunged	O
80	B-CARDINAL
points	O
and	O
foreign	O
-	O
exchange	O
dealers	O
quickly	O
drove	O
the	O
dollar	O
down	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
DJIA	O
modestly	O
rebounded	O
,	O
the	O
dollar	O
bounced	O
back	O
in	O
choppy	O
dealings	O
but	O
ended	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
below	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
late	B-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
.	O


Stock	O
prices	O
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
posted	O
significant	O
gains	O
in	O
later	B-DATE
trading	O
and	O
closed	O
down	O
by	O
only	B-CARDINAL
3.69	I-CARDINAL
points	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


Some	O
dealers	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
strong	O
reaction	O
to	O
Wall	O
Street	O
reflects	O
a	O
general	O
uneasiness	O
about	O
the	O
dollar	O
.	O


They	O
added	O
that	O
the	O
DJIA	O
's	O
swift	O
drop	O
proved	O
an	O
easy	O
excuse	O
for	O
the	O
market	O
to	O
drive	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
currency	O
in	O
the	O
direction	O
it	O
was	O
already	O
headed	O
.	O


In	O
late	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
trading	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
dollar	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
1.8355	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
,	O
down	O
from	O
1.8470	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
at	O
141.45	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
,	O
down	O
from	O
141.90	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
late	B-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
.	O


Sterling	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
$	O
1.6055	B-MONEY
,	O
up	O
from	O
$	O
1.6030	B-MONEY
late	B-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
currency	O
opened	O
for	O
trading	O
at	O
141.57	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
,	O
down	O
from	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
's	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
close	O
of	O
142.10	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
Trettien	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
vice	O
president	O
with	O
Banque	B-ORG
Paribas	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
sees	O
a	O
break	O
in	O
the	O
dollar	O
's	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
upward	O
trend	O
,	O
a	O
trend	O
that	O
began	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
argues	O
that	O
the	O
dollar	O
is	O
now	B-DATE
``	O
moving	O
sideways	O
,	O
''	O
adding	O
that	O
``	O
the	O
next	O
leg	O
could	O
be	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
a	O
longer	O
term	O
bearish	O
phase	O
.	O
''	O


Analysts	O
peg	O
the	O
dollar	O
's	O
recent	O
weakness	O
to	O
an	O
underlying	O
slowdown	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
economy	O
,	O
highlighted	O
by	O
recent	O
economic	O
data	O
,	O
particularly	O
a	O
surprisingly	O
sharp	O
widening	O
in	O
the	O
August	B-DATE
U.S.	B-GPE
trade	O
gap	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
narrowing	O
interest	O
-	O
rate	O
differentials	O
between	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
major	O
trading	O
partners	O
tend	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
currency	O
less	O
attractive	O
to	O
foreign	O
investors	O
.	O


Despite	O
several	O
spurts	O
of	O
dollar	O
trading	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
noted	O
that	O
mark	O
-	O
yen	O
cross	O
trade	O
grabbed	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
attention	O
.	O


Following	O
the	O
dive	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
stocks	O
,	O
the	O
mark	O
has	O
strengthened	O
more	O
than	O
its	O
major	O
counterparts	O
.	O


Traders	O
attribute	O
the	O
mark	O
's	O
surge	O
to	O
a	O
robust	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
economy	O
and	O
higher	O
rate	O
differentials	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
they	O
add	O
that	O
the	O
mark	O
's	O
strength	O
is	O
in	O
part	O
a	O
reflection	O
of	O
a	O
shift	O
away	O
from	O
U.S.	B-GPE
assets	O
by	O
Japanese	B-NORP
investors	O
into	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
investments	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
question	O
remains	O
:	O
how	O
much	O
can	O
the	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
market	O
absorb	O
?	O
''	O
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
senior	O
dealer	O
.	O


Some	O
dealers	O
say	O
that	O
Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Japan	I-ORG
Governor	O
Satoshi	B-PERSON
Sumita	I-PERSON
's	O
reassurance	O
that	O
Japanese	B-NORP
monetary	O
policy	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
changed	O
for	O
the	O
time	O
being	O
has	O
given	O
investors	O
an	O
added	O
excuse	O
to	O
push	O
the	O
yen	O
down	O
even	O
further	O
against	O
the	O
mark	O
.	O


Despite	O
the	O
yen	O
's	O
weakness	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
mark	O
,	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
traders	O
say	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
expect	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Japan	I-ORG
to	O
take	O
any	O
action	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
currency	O
on	O
that	O
front	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
sterling	O
slumped	O
on	O
news	O
that	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
Kingdom	I-GPE
posted	O
a	O
wider	O
-	O
than	O
-	O
expected	O
trade	O
deficit	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
news	O
also	O
knocked	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
unit	O
to	O
below	O
2.95	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
in	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
a	O
bout	O
of	O
short	O
-	O
covering	O
helped	O
sterling	O
recoup	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
earlier	O
losses	O
.	O


On	O
the	B-ORG
Commodity	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
gold	O
for	O
current	O
delivery	O
jumped	O
$	B-MONEY
3.20	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
370.20	I-MONEY
an	O
ounce	O
.	O


The	O
close	O
was	O
the	O
highest	O
since	O
Aug.	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
.	O


Estimated	O
volume	O
was	O
a	B-QUANTITY
light	I-QUANTITY
two	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
ounces	I-QUANTITY
.	O


In	O
early	O
trading	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
gold	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
$	O
368.25	B-MONEY
an	O
ounce	O
.	O


Boston	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
upper	O
-	O
crust	O
financial	O
services	O
concern	O
that	O
was	O
rocked	O
by	O
a	O
management	O
scandal	O
late	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
has	O
had	O
a	O
sharp	O
drop	O
in	O
profitability	O
--	O
mainly	O
because	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
bet	O
on	O
interest	O
rates	O
backfired	O
.	O


Boston	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
fall	O
from	O
grace	O
is	O
bad	O
news	O
for	O
its	O
parent	O
,	O
Shearson	B-ORG
Lehman	I-ORG
Hutton	I-ORG
Holdings	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
has	O
relied	O
heavily	O
on	O
the	O
banking	O
and	O
money	O
management	O
unit	O
's	O
contributions	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Boston	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
had	O
an	O
estimated	O
pretax	O
profit	O
of	O
at	B-MONEY
least	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
110	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
while	O
Shearson	B-ORG
managed	O
net	O
income	O
of	O
just	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
96	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Shearson	B-ORG
does	O
n't	O
break	O
out	O
the	O
earnings	O
of	O
its	O
subsidiaries	O
.	O


But	O
people	O
familiar	O
with	O
Boston	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
performance	O
say	O
the	O
unit	O
had	O
profit	O
of	O
around	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
17	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
after	O
barely	O
breaking	O
even	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


Shearson	B-ORG
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
posted	O
net	O
income	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
106	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
nine	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
down	O
slightly	O
from	O
$	B-MONEY
110	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
period	O
.	O


Moody	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Investors	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
downgraded	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
deposit	O
rating	O
of	O
Boston	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Boston	B-ORG
Safe	I-ORG
Deposit	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
subsidiary	O
,	O
to	O
single	O
-	O
A	O
-	O
1	O
from	O
double	O
-	O
A	O
-	O
3	O
,	O
citing	O
problems	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
``	O
aggressively	O
managed	O
securities	O
portfolio	O
.	O
''	O


John	B-PERSON
Kriz	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Moody	B-ORG
's	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
said	O
Boston	B-ORG
Safe	I-ORG
Deposit	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
performance	O
has	O
been	O
hurt	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
by	O
a	O
mismatch	O
in	O
the	O
maturities	O
of	O
its	O
assets	O
and	O
liabilities	O
.	O


The	O
mismatch	O
exposed	O
the	O
company	O
to	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
interest	O
-	O
rate	O
risk	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
rates	O
moved	O
unfavorably	O
--	O
beginning	O
late	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
continuing	O
into	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
--	O
``	O
it	O
cost	O
them	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Kriz	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kriz	B-PERSON
noted	O
that	O
Boston	B-ORG
Safe	I-ORG
Deposit	I-ORG
``	O
has	O
taken	O
some	O
actions	O
to	O
better	O
control	O
asset	O
-	O
liability	O
management	O
and	O
improve	O
controls	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
think	O
these	O
will	O
serve	O
to	O
improve	O
credit	O
quality	O
.	O
''	O


As	O
some	O
securities	O
mature	O
and	O
the	O
proceeds	O
are	O
reinvested	O
,	O
the	O
problems	O
ought	O
to	O
ease	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
also	O
cited	O
concerns	O
over	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
mortgage	O
exposure	O
in	O
the	O
troubled	O
New	B-LOC
England	I-LOC
real	O
estate	O
market	O
.	O


Boston	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
officials	O
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
Moody	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
action	O
or	O
on	O
the	O
unit	O
's	O
financial	O
performance	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
--	O
except	O
to	O
deny	O
a	O
published	O
report	O
that	O
outside	O
accountants	O
had	O
discovered	O
evidence	O
of	O
significant	O
accounting	O
errors	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
quarters	I-DATE
'	I-DATE
results	O
.	O


An	O
accounting	O
controversy	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
forced	O
Boston	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
to	O
admit	O
it	O
had	O
overstated	O
pretax	O
profits	O
by	O
some	O
$	B-MONEY
44	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
resulting	O
scandal	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
firing	O
of	O
James	B-PERSON
N.	I-PERSON
von	I-PERSON
Germeten	I-PERSON
as	O
Boston	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
president	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
resignations	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
chief	O
financial	O
officer	O
and	O
treasurer	O
.	O


The	O
executives	O
were	O
accused	O
of	O
improperly	O
deferring	O
expenses	O
and	O
booking	O
revenue	O
early	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
dress	O
up	O
results	O
--	O
and	O
perhaps	O
bolster	O
performance	O
-	O
related	O
bonuses	O
.	O


Mr.	O
von	B-PERSON
Germeten	I-PERSON
,	O
in	O
turn	O
,	O
attributed	O
the	O
controversy	O
to	O
judgmental	O
errors	O
by	O
accountants	O
and	O
accused	O
Shearson	B-ORG
of	O
conducting	O
a	O
``	O
witch	O
hunt	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Kriz	B-PERSON
of	O
Moody	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
said	O
the	O
problems	O
in	O
the	O
securities	O
portfolio	O
stem	O
largely	O
from	O
positions	O
taken	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
company	O
's	O
current	O
management	O
found	O
itself	O
``	O
locked	O
into	O
this	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Mexico	B-GPE
exported	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
1,296,800	B-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
of	O
crude	O
oil	O
a	O
day	O
at	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
$	O
15.31	B-MONEY
a	O
barrel	O
during	O
1989	B-DATE
's	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
for	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
4.82	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
Petroleos	B-ORG
Mexicanos	I-ORG
S.A.	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
petroleum	O
monopoly	O
said	O
sales	O
in	O
the	O
period	O
gained	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
$	B-MONEY
262.4	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
more	O
than	O
originally	O
projected	O
at	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
$	O
10	B-MONEY
a	O
barrel	O
on	O
an	O
export	O
platform	O
of	O
1,250,000	B-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
.	O


Oil	O
imports	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
rose	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
September	B-DATE
from	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
levels	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
statistics	O
released	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
Ministry	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
imports	O
,	O
totaling	O
98.5	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
barrels	O
,	O
were	O
11	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
lower	O
than	O
August	B-DATE
levels	O
.	O


The	O
year	O
-	O
on	O
-	O
year	B-DATE
rise	O
was	O
partly	O
because	O
of	O
higher	O
demand	O
for	O
petroleum	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
partly	O
because	O
of	O
tax	O
changes	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
that	O
left	O
oil	O
companies	O
with	O
high	O
inventories	O
in	O
the	O
late	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
summer	I-DATE
/	I-DATE
early	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
FALL	I-DATE
PERIOD	O
.	O


Imports	O
of	O
crude	O
from	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
grew	O
17	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
levels	O
,	O
and	O
Southeast	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
crude	O
imports	O
grew	O
43	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


While	O
Mideast	B-LOC
crude	O
imports	O
were	O
higher	O
compared	O
with	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
levels	O
,	O
they	O
fell	O
18	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
August	B-DATE
imports	O
.	O


Southeast	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
crude	O
imports	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
were	O
3.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
higher	O
than	O
August	B-DATE
.	O


This	O
is	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
George	B-PERSON
Melloan	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Business	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
column	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Housing	I-WORK_OF_ART
Market	I-WORK_OF_ART
Is	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bigger	I-WORK_OF_ART
Mess	I-WORK_OF_ART
Than	I-WORK_OF_ART
You	I-WORK_OF_ART
Think	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
-LRB-	O
op	O
-	O
ed	O
page	O
,	O
Sept.	B-DATE
26	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


In	O
Houston	B-GPE
,	O
we	O
have	O
seen	O
how	O
bad	O
the	O
housing	O
problem	O
can	O
become	O
.	O


Unused	O
houses	O
deteriorate	O
rapidly	O
,	O
affecting	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
nearby	O
homes	O
;	O
in	O
a	O
domino	O
effect	O
,	O
the	O
entire	O
neighborhood	O
can	O
fall	O
victim	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
stage	O
some	O
people	O
just	O
``	O
walk	O
away	O
''	O
from	O
homes	O
where	O
the	O
mortgage	O
exceeds	O
current	O
market	O
value	O
.	O


But	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
could	O
have	O
afforded	O
to	O
keep	O
up	O
their	O
payments	O
--	O
they	O
chose	O
not	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
is	O
so	O
vast	O
that	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
try	O
innovative	O
solutions	O
--	O
in	O
small	O
-	O
scale	O
experiments	O
.	O


Here	O
are	O
some	O
ideas	O
:	O


1	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
Foreclosed	O
homes	O
could	O
be	O
sold	O
by	O
the	O
FHA	B-ORG
for	O
no	O
down	O
payment	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
biggest	O
obstacle	O
to	O
young	O
buyers	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
personal	O
liability	O
for	O
the	O
mortgage	O
-LRB-	O
no	O
walking	O
away	O
by	O
choice	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


2	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
Encourage	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
occupancy	O
by	O
forgiving	O
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
payment	O
-LRB-	O
off	O
the	O
tail	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
mortgage	O
-RRB-	O
for	O
every	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
paid	O
;	O
or	O
perhaps	O
have	O
the	O
down	O
payment	O
deferred	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
mortgage	O
-LRB-	O
balloon	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
but	O
``	O
forgiven	O
''	O
on	O
a	O
monthly	B-DATE
pro-rata	O
basis	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
owner	O
remains	O
the	O
occupant	O
.	O


3	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
Develop	O
rental	O
agreements	O
with	O
exclusive	O
purchase	O
options	O
for	O
the	O
renter	O
.	O


An	O
occupant	O
will	O
,	O
in	O
most	O
every	O
case	O
,	O
be	O
better	O
for	O
the	O
home	O
and	O
neighborhood	O
than	O
a	O
vacant	O
house	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
house	O
is	O
not	O
dumped	O
on	O
to	O
a	O
glutted	O
market	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
F.	I-PERSON
Merrill	I-PERSON


Houston	B-GPE


The	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Housing	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
,	O
Veterans	B-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Housing	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Urban	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
further	O
aggravate	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
affordable	O
housing	O
stock	O
by	O
``	O
buying	O
in	O
''	O
to	O
their	O
foreclosed	O
properties	O
-LRB-	O
of	O
which	O
there	O
are	O
,	O
alas	O
,	O
many	O
-RRB-	O
at	O
an	O
inflated	O
``	O
balance	O
due	O
''	O
--	O
say	O
$	O
80,000	B-MONEY
on	O
a	O
house	O
worth	O
$	O
55,000	B-MONEY
--	O
instead	O
of	O
allowing	O
a	O
free	O
market	O
to	O
price	O
the	O
house	O
for	O
what	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
worth	O
.	O


Worse	O
,	O
the	O
properties	O
then	O
sit	O
around	O
deteriorating	O
for	O
maybe	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
so	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
are	O
resold	O
eventually	O
-LRB-	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
attractiveness	O
of	O
the	O
low	O
down	O
payment	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
a	O
marginal	O
buyer	O
who	O
ca	O
n't	O
afford	O
both	O
the	O
mortgage	O
and	O
needed	O
repairs	O
;	O
and	O
having	O
little	O
vested	O
interest	O
that	O
buyer	O
will	O
walk	O
away	O
and	O
the	O
vicious	O
cycle	O
repeats	O
itself	O
all	O
over	O
again	O
.	O


Paul	B-PERSON
Padget	I-PERSON


Italy	B-GPE
's	O
unemployment	O
rate	O
rose	O
to	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
labor	O
force	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
from	O
11.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
April	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
was	O
up	O
from	O
11.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
quarterly	B-DATE
figures	O
from	O
the	O
state	O
statistical	O
institute	O
.	O


Istat	B-ORG
said	O
a	O
national	O
survey	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
July	I-DATE
showed	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
job	O
seekers	O
was	O
2,888,000	B-CARDINAL
up	O
from	O
2,822,000	B-CARDINAL
in	O
April	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
from	O
2,853,000	B-CARDINAL
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
unemployment	O
rate	O
was	O
by	O
far	O
the	O
highest	O
in	O
the	O
southern	O
,	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
Mezzogiorno	B-LOC
region	O
.	O


The	O
southern	O
unemployment	O
rate	O
rose	O
to	O
21.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
July	B-DATE
from	O
21.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
April	B-DATE
and	O
from	O
20.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


Istat	B-ORG
said	O
369,000	B-CARDINAL
more	O
people	O
were	O
employed	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
than	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
.	O


New	O
orders	O
for	O
durable	O
goods	O
fell	O
back	O
slightly	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
after	O
shooting	O
up	O
the	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
before	I-DATE
,	O
reflecting	O
weakening	O
auto	O
demand	O
after	O
a	O
spurt	O
of	O
orders	O
for	O
new	O
1990	B-DATE
models	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
reported	O
.	O


Orders	O
for	O
military	O
equipment	O
,	O
household	O
appliances	O
,	O
machinery	O
and	O
other	O
goods	O
expected	O
to	O
last	O
at	B-DATE
least	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
dipped	O
0.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
126.68	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
after	O
leaping	O
3.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
department	O
said	O
.	O


Most	O
analysts	O
had	O
expected	O
a	O
sharper	O
decline	O
after	O
the	O
steep	O
rise	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
a	O
recent	O
government	O
report	O
showing	O
widespread	O
layoffs	O
in	O
manufacturing	O
had	O
contributed	O
to	O
perceptions	O
that	O
the	O
manufacturing	O
sector	O
of	O
the	O
economy	O
had	O
slowed	O
to	O
a	O
crawl	O
.	O


But	O
many	O
economists	O
pointed	O
to	O
a	O
1.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
September	B-DATE
rise	O
in	O
orders	O
outside	O
the	O
volatile	O
transportation	O
category	O
.	O


That	O
``	O
suggests	O
the	O
manufacturing	O
sector	O
is	O
not	O
falling	O
apart	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Sally	B-PERSON
Kleinman	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
economist	O
at	O
Manufacturers	B-ORG
Hanover	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


She	O
added	O
,	O
however	O
:	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
not	O
robust	O
by	O
any	O
means	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
a	O
decline	O
in	O
orders	O
for	O
cars	O
and	O
civilian	O
airplanes	O
pulled	O
down	O
the	O
orders	O
total	O
,	O
an	O
enormous	O
jump	O
in	O
orders	O
for	O
heavy	O
military	O
equipment	O
propped	O
it	O
up	O
.	O


Orders	O
for	O
capital	O
defense	O
goods	O
skyrocketed	O
56	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
a	O
government	O
analyst	O
said	O
nearly	O
all	O
areas	O
saw	O
increases	O
,	O
including	O
airplanes	O
,	O
missiles	O
,	O
ships	O
,	O
tanks	O
and	O
communications	O
equipment	O
.	O


Orders	O
for	O
military	O
goods	O
usually	O
catapult	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
government	O
officials	O
say	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
scrambles	O
to	O
spend	O
its	O
money	O
before	O
the	O
new	O
fiscal	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
begins	O
Oct.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
.	O


While	O
all	O
the	O
numbers	O
in	O
the	O
durable	O
goods	O
report	O
were	O
adjusted	O
for	O
seasonal	B-DATE
fluctuations	O
,	O
a	O
Commerce	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
analyst	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
adjustment	O
probably	O
did	O
n't	O
factor	O
out	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
wide	O
-	O
ranging	O
surge	O
in	O
defense	O
orders	O
.	O


Without	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
defense	O
bookings	O
,	O
September	B-DATE
orders	O
would	O
have	O
plummeted	O
3.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Analysts	O
were	O
most	O
unsettled	O
by	O
evidence	O
the	O
backlog	O
of	O
orders	O
at	O
factories	O
is	O
slipping	O
.	O


Unfilled	O
orders	O
for	O
durable	O
goods	O
rose	O
0.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
476.14	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
after	O
declining	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
2	B-DATE
1/2	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
August	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
July	B-DATE
unfilled	O
orders	O
grew	O
1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


But	O
analysts	O
noted	O
that	O
excluding	O
transportation	O
-	O
where	O
what	O
they	O
believe	O
was	O
a	O
temporary	O
surge	O
in	O
auto	O
demand	O
pushed	O
up	O
the	O
figures	O
-	O
order	O
backlogs	O
have	O
declined	O
for	O
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
row	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
It	O
means	O
we	O
're	O
eating	O
into	O
the	O
bread	O
that	O
keeps	O
us	O
going	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
a	O
little	O
disturbing	O
,	O
''	O
Ms.	O
Kleinman	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
also	O
means	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
real	O
drop	O
-	O
off	O
in	O
orders	O
,	O
production	O
will	O
likely	O
fall	O
off	O
very	O
quickly	O
because	O
there	O
is	O
less	O
to	O
keep	O
things	O
going	O
.	O
''	O


Capital	O
goods	O
orders	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
defense	O
sector	O
tumbled	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
row	I-DATE
,	O
posting	O
a	O
5.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
drop	O
after	O
a	O
10.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
decline	O
.	O


Such	O
steep	O
drops	O
in	O
a	O
category	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
barometer	O
of	O
business	O
investment	O
would	O
customarily	O
be	O
grave	O
news	O
for	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O


But	O
a	O
Commerce	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
analyst	O
said	O
that	O
in	O
both	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
orders	O
would	O
have	O
risen	O
had	O
it	O
not	O
been	O
for	O
a	O
drop	O
in	O
civilian	O
aircraft	O
bookings	O
,	O
a	O
category	O
that	O
is	O
showing	O
declines	O
only	O
after	O
a	O
huge	O
surge	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Still	O
,	O
Milton	B-PERSON
Hudson	I-PERSON
,	O
senior	O
economic	O
adviser	O
at	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Guaranty	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
said	O
:	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
look	O
back	O
a	O
half	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
or	O
so	O
the	O
evidence	O
was	O
pretty	O
good	O
of	O
affirmative	O
strength	O
in	O
the	O
capital	O
-	O
goods	O
sector	O
.	O


Now	B-DATE
at	O
least	O
there	O
are	O
question	O
marks	O
about	O
that	O
,	O
and	O
without	O
any	O
question	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
growth	O
has	O
slowed	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
B.	I-PERSON
Curcio	I-PERSON
,	O
55	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
resigned	O
as	O
chairman	O
of	O
this	O
diesel	O
truck	O
manufacturer	O
,	O
effective	O
upon	O
appointment	O
of	O
a	O
successor	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Curcio	B-PERSON
was	O
succeeded	O
by	O
Ralph	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
Reins	I-PERSON
as	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
following	O
several	B-DATE
quarters	I-DATE
of	O
lackluster	O
or	O
declining	O
performance	O
.	O


Falcon	B-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
agreed	O
to	O
acquire	O
about	B-CARDINAL
54,000	I-CARDINAL
subscribers	O
from	O
First	B-ORG
Carolina	I-ORG
Cable	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
Limited	I-ORG
Partnership	I-ORG
for	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
or	O
roughly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2,000	I-MONEY
a	O
subscriber	O
.	O


The	O
subscribers	O
are	O
in	O
52	B-CARDINAL
different	O
communities	O
in	O
Georgia	B-GPE
,	O
Alabama	B-GPE
and	O
Mississippi	B-GPE
.	O


Completion	O
of	O
the	O
sale	O
is	O
expected	O
early	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Falcon	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


Currently	B-DATE
,	O
Falcon	B-ORG
has	O
about	B-CARDINAL
750,000	I-CARDINAL
cable	O
-	O
television	O
subscribers	O
around	O
the	O
nation	O
;	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
cable	O
-	O
television	O
unit	O
reported	O
1988	B-DATE
revenue	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


In	O
composite	O
trading	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
,	O
Falcon	B-ORG
closed	O
at	O
$	O
20	B-MONEY
,	O
unchanged	O
.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Lock	I-PERSON
,	O
retired	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
treasurer	O
of	O
Owens	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Illinois	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
was	O
named	O
a	O
director	O
of	O
this	O
transportation	O
industry	O
supplier	O
,	O
increasing	O
its	O
board	O
to	O
six	B-CARDINAL
members	O
.	O


USX	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
delayed	O
the	O
proposed	O
initial	O
public	O
offering	O
of	O
common	O
stock	O
of	O
RMI	B-ORG
Titanium	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
because	O
of	O
market	O
conditions	O
.	O


RMI	B-ORG
Titanium	I-ORG
is	O
owned	O
jointly	O
by	O
USX	B-ORG
and	O
Quantum	B-ORG
Chemical	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


USX	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
had	O
n't	O
set	O
a	O
date	O
for	O
the	O
offering	O
,	O
did	O
n't	O
disclose	O
any	O
timetable	O
for	O
the	O
offering	O
.	O


Your	O
Oct.	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
editorial	O
``	O
Reding	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
Wrighting	I-WORK_OF_ART
&	I-WORK_OF_ART
Erithmatic	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
on	O
the	O
recent	O
``	O
education	O
summit	O
''	O
was	O
like	O
most	O
pieces	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
education	O
:	O
It	O
had	O
little	O
to	O
say	O
.	O


Oddly	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
very	O
same	O
page	O
you	O
printed	O
a	O
comment	O
that	O
addresses	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
serious	O
shortcomings	O
of	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
education	O
system	O
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
the	O
comment	O
was	O
buried	O
in	O
another	O
article	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
could	O
not	O
stand	O
out	O
in	O
an	O
education	O
context	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
Manager	O
's	O
Journal	B-ORG
,	O
Atsushi	B-PERSON
Kageyama	I-PERSON
,	O
in	O
commenting	O
on	O
many	O
differences	O
between	O
American	B-NORP
and	O
Japanese	B-NORP
culture	O
,	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Japanese	B-NORP
children	O
are	O
raised	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
many	O
Americans	B-NORP
would	O
find	O
severe	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
wonderfully	O
frivolous	O
early	O
childhood	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
exposed	O
to	O
rigid	O
discipline	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
they	O
enter	O
school	O
.	O
''	O


What	O
far	O
too	O
many	O
people	O
concerned	O
about	O
education	O
either	O
fail	O
to	O
understand	O
or	O
choose	O
to	O
ignore	O
is	O
that	O
American	B-NORP
children	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
whole	O
,	O
are	O
among	O
the	O
most	O
undisciplined	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
making	O
any	O
attempt	O
at	O
improvements	O
in	O
the	O
mode	O
of	O
education	O
potentially	O
unsuccessful	O
.	O


Unless	O
parents	O
and	O
educators	O
alike	O
start	O
to	O
develop	O
more	O
discipline	O
in	O
children	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
worthy	O
concern	O
,	O
discussions	O
and	O
actions	O
will	O
not	O
solve	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


Allen	B-PERSON
B.	I-PERSON
Richards	I-PERSON
Peterborough	B-GPE
,	O
N.H	B-GPE
.	O


Retired	B-PERSON
Adm.	I-PERSON
William	I-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Crowe	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Joint	I-ORG
Chiefs	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Staff	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Robert	B-PERSON
P.	I-PERSON
Luciano	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
of	O
Schering	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Plough	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
were	O
elected	O
directors	O
of	O
this	O
securities	O
firm	O
.	O


The	O
board	O
expanded	O
to	O
17	B-CARDINAL
seats	O
.	O


Tuesday	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
24	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE


The	O
key	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
foreign	O
annual	B-DATE
interest	O
rates	O
below	O
are	O
a	O
guide	O
to	O
general	O
levels	O
but	O
do	O
n't	O
always	O
represent	O
actual	O
transactions	O
.	O


PRIME	O
RATE	O
:	O
10	B-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
base	O
rate	O
on	O
corporate	O
loans	O
at	O
large	O
U.S.	B-GPE
money	O
center	O
commercial	O
banks	O
.	O


FEDERAL	O
FUNDS	O
:	O
8	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
high	O
,	O
8	B-PERCENT
5/8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
low	O
,	O
8	B-PERCENT
11/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
near	O
closing	O
bid	O
,	O
8	B-PERCENT
11/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
offered	O
.	O


Reserves	O
traded	O
among	O
commercial	O
banks	O
for	O
overnight	B-TIME
use	O
in	O
amounts	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
or	O
more	O
.	O


Source	O
:	O
Fulton	B-ORG
Prebon	I-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
U.S.A	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


DISCOUNT	O
RATE	O
:	O
7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
charge	O
on	O
loans	O
to	O
depository	O
institutions	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
.	O


CALL	O
MONEY	O
:	O
9	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
charge	O
on	O
loans	O
to	O
brokers	O
on	O
stock	O
exchange	O
collateral	O
.	O


COMMERCIAL	O
PAPER	O
placed	O
directly	O
by	O
General	B-ORG
Motors	I-ORG
Acceptance	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
:	O
8.45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
30	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
44	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
45	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
68	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
69	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
89	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.125	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
90	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
119	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
120	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
149	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
7.875	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
150	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
179	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
7.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
180	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
270	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


COMMERCIAL	O
PAPER	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
grade	O
unsecured	O
notes	O
sold	O
through	O
dealers	O
by	O
major	O
corporations	O
in	O
multiples	O
of	O
$	O
1,000	B-MONEY
:	O
8.55	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
30	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.475	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
60	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
90	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


CERTIFICATES	O
OF	O
DEPOSIT	O
:	O
8.09	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
;	O
8.09	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8.06	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
7.94	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Average	O
of	O
top	O
rates	O
paid	O
by	O
major	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
banks	O
on	O
primary	O
new	O
issues	O
of	O
negotiable	O
C.D.s	O
,	O
usually	O
on	O
amounts	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
and	O
more	O
.	O


The	O
minimum	O
unit	O
is	O
$	O
100,000	B-MONEY
.	O


Typical	O
rates	O
in	O
the	O
secondary	O
market	O
:	O
8.55	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
;	O
8.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8.35	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


BANKERS	O
ACCEPTANCES	O
:	O
8.48	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
30	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
60	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.28	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
90	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
120	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
150	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
7.90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
180	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Negotiable	O
,	O
bank	O
-	O
backed	O
business	O
credit	O
instruments	O
typically	O
financing	O
an	O
import	O
order	O
.	O


LONDON	B-GPE
LATE	O
EURODOLLARS	O
:	O
8	B-PERCENT
11/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
9/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
5/8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
5/8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
9/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
7/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
four	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
3/8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
five	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
7/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
5/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


LONDON	B-GPE
INTERBANK	O
OFFERED	O
RATES	O
-LRB-	O
LIBOR	O
-RRB-	O
:	O
8	B-PERCENT
11/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
11/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
average	O
of	O
interbank	O
offered	O
rates	O
for	O
dollar	O
deposits	O
in	O
the	O
London	B-GPE
market	O
based	O
on	O
quotations	O
at	O
five	B-CARDINAL
major	O
banks	O
.	O


FOREIGN	O
PRIME	O
RATES	O
:	O
Canada	B-GPE
13.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
Germany	B-GPE
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
Japan	B-GPE
4.875	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
Switzerland	B-GPE
8.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
Britain	B-GPE
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


These	O
rate	O
indications	O
are	O
n't	O
directly	O
comparable	O
;	O
lending	O
practices	O
vary	O
widely	O
by	O
location	O
.	O


TREASURY	B-ORG
BILLS	O
:	O
Results	O
of	O
the	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
23	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
auction	O
of	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
U.S.	B-GPE
government	O
bills	O
,	O
sold	O
at	O
a	O
discount	O
from	O
face	O
value	O
in	O
units	O
of	O
$	O
10,000	B-MONEY
to	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
:	O
7.52	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
13	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
;	O
7.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
26	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


FEDERAL	B-ORG
HOME	I-ORG
LOAN	I-ORG
MORTGAGE	I-ORG
CORP	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
Freddie	B-ORG
Mac	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
:	O
Posted	O
yields	O
on	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
mortgage	O
commitments	O
for	O
delivery	O
within	O
30	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


9.78	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
standard	O
conventional	O
fixed	O
-	O
rate	O
mortgages	O
;	O
7.875	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
rate	O
capped	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
adjustable	O
rate	O
mortgages	O
.	O


Source	O
:	O
Telerate	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


FEDERAL	B-ORG
NATIONAL	I-ORG
MORTGAGE	I-ORG
ASSOCIATION	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
Fannie	B-ORG
Mae	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
:	O
Posted	O
yields	O
on	O
30	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
mortgage	O
commitments	O
for	O
delivery	O
within	O
30	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
-LRB-	O
priced	O
at	O
par	O
-RRB-	O
9.75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
standard	O
conventional	O
fixed	O
-	O
rate	O
mortgages	O
;	O
8.70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
6/2	B-CARDINAL
rate	O
capped	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
adjustable	O
rate	O
mortgages	O
.	O


Source	O
:	O
Telerate	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


MERRILL	B-ORG
LYNCH	I-ORG
READY	O
ASSETS	O
TRUST	O
:	O
8.59	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Annualized	O
average	O
rate	O
of	O
return	O
after	O
expenses	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
not	O
a	O
forecast	O
of	O
future	O
returns	O
.	O


Roy	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
Parrott	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
since	O
Sept.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	O
was	O
named	O
to	O
its	O
board	O
.	O


The	O
appointment	O
increased	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
directors	O
to	O
10	B-CARDINAL
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
of	O
whom	O
are	O
company	O
employees	O
.	O


Simpson	B-ORG
is	O
an	O
auto	O
parts	O
maker	O
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
has	O
climbed	O
up	O
from	O
the	O
ashes	O
of	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
and	O
a	O
gross	O
national	O
product	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
800	I-MONEY
per	O
capita	O
to	O
reach	O
the	O
heavyweight	O
class	O
among	O
industrialized	O
nations	O
.	O


Now	O
this	O
remarkable	O
economic	O
growth	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
coming	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
because	O
the	O
government	O
has	O
not	O
converted	O
itself	O
into	O
a	O
modern	O
,	O
democratic	O
,	O
``	O
developed	O
nation	O
''	O
mode	O
of	O
operation	O
.	O


Until	O
1980	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
Japan	B-GPE
joined	O
the	O
$	O
10,000	B-MONEY
per	O
capita	O
GNP	O
club	O
of	O
the	O
advanced	O
countries	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
model	O
developing	O
nation	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
built	O
ports	O
,	O
bridges	O
,	O
highways	O
,	O
schools	O
,	O
hospitals	O
and	O
railways	O
.	O


When	O
industries	O
were	O
weak	O
,	O
it	O
protected	O
them	O
.	O


It	O
gave	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
people	O
a	O
value	O
system	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
rationalization	O
that	O
given	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
lack	O
of	O
natural	O
resources	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
work	O
hard	O
to	O
create	O
value	O
through	O
exports	O
and	O
buy	O
food	O
with	O
the	O
surplus	O
.	O


Individual	O
prosperity	O
inevitably	O
would	O
result	O
.	O


That	O
system	O
has	O
worked	O
.	O


The	O
standard	O
of	O
living	O
has	O
increased	O
steadily	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
40	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
;	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
90	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
people	O
consider	O
themselves	O
middle	O
class	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
have	O
given	O
their	O
leading	O
and	O
only	O
credible	O
political	O
party	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Liberal	I-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
clear	O
and	O
uninterrupted	O
power	O
for	O
those	B-DATE
40	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
LDP	B-ORG
won	O
by	O
a	O
landslide	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
election	O
,	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
1986	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
less	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
LDP	B-ORG
started	O
to	O
crumble	O
,	O
and	O
dissent	O
rose	O
to	O
unprecedented	O
heights	O
.	O


The	O
symptoms	O
all	O
point	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
:	O
Japan	B-GPE
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
modern	O
government	O
.	O


Its	O
government	O
still	O
wants	O
to	O
sit	O
in	O
the	O
driver	O
's	O
seat	O
,	O
set	O
the	O
speed	O
,	O
step	O
on	O
the	O
gas	O
,	O
apply	O
the	O
brakes	O
and	O
steer	O
,	O
with	O
120	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
seat	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
modern	O
system	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
role	O
is	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
people	O
as	O
much	O
choice	O
as	O
possible	O
and	O
to	O
keep	O
them	O
well	O
informed	O
so	O
they	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
making	O
a	O
choice	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
allows	O
people	O
to	O
buy	O
the	O
best	O
and	O
the	O
cheapest	O
goods	O
from	O
anywhere	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
Japanese	B-NORP
government	O
does	O
n't	O
allow	O
this	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Agriculture	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Fishery	I-ORG
actually	O
is	O
a	O
ministry	O
for	O
farmers	O
and	O
fishermen	O
instead	O
of	O
a	O
ministry	O
of	O
provisions	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Welfare	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
ministry	O
of	O
doctors	O
and	O
pharmaceutical	O
companies	O
rather	O
than	O
an	O
organization	O
dedicated	O
to	O
protecting	O
the	O
health	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
is	O
nothing	O
but	O
a	O
cartel	O
for	O
licensed	O
teachers	O
,	O
and	O
certainly	O
does	O
not	O
act	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
students	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Construction	I-ORG
spreads	O
concrete	O
throughout	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
boasts	O
in	O
international	O
conferences	O
that	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
paved	O
roadway	O
per	O
capita	O
is	O
the	O
longest	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
seldom	O
think	O
of	O
the	O
poor	O
commuters	O
who	O
spend	O
so	O
much	O
time	O
sitting	O
in	O
traffic	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Transportation	I-ORG
serves	O
the	O
industry	O
,	O
certainly	O
not	O
the	O
passengers	O
who	O
must	O
pay	O
extraordinarily	O
high	O
prices	O
.	O


And	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
works	O
for	O
itself	O
,	O
supporting	O
Japanese	B-NORP
diplomats	O
who	O
sprinkle	O
abundant	O
aid	O
money	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
their	O
seat	O
at	O
the	O
dinner	O
table	O
is	O
next	O
to	O
the	O
host	O
's	O
.	O


This	O
ministry	O
has	O
done	O
nothing	O
to	O
correct	O
the	O
misunderstandings	O
and	O
misperceptions	O
that	O
are	O
at	O
the	O
root	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
deteriorating	O
image	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
using	O
foreign	O
pressure	O
and	O
even	O
the	O
trade	O
conflict	O
to	O
expand	O
its	O
sphere	O
of	O
influence	O
vis	O
a	O
vis	O
other	O
ministries	O
.	O


All	O
this	O
illustrates	O
that	O
Japanese	B-NORP
ministries	O
still	O
have	O
a	O
``	O
provider	O
''	O
mentality	O
;	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
serve	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
particularly	O
not	O
consumers	O
.	O


They	O
serve	O
the	O
industries	O
and	O
the	O
special	O
-	O
interest	O
groups	O
.	O


The	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
accepted	O
such	O
methods	O
when	O
Japan	B-GPE
was	O
developing	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
put	O
up	O
with	O
it	O
because	O
the	O
government	O
provided	O
job	O
stability	O
and	O
growing	O
paychecks	O
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
is	O
not	O
a	O
political	O
country	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
bureaucratic	O
country	O
.	O


The	O
Diet	B-ORG
plays	O
a	O
minor	O
role	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
powerful	O
bureaucratic	O
system	O
.	O


Most	O
bills	O
are	O
drafted	O
by	O
bureaucrats	O
,	O
not	O
politicians	O
.	O


The	O
Diet	B-ORG
does	O
n't	O
normally	O
even	O
debate	O
bills	O
because	O
the	O
opposition	O
parties	O
are	O
so	O
often	O
opposed	O
to	O
whatever	O
LDP	B-ORG
does	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
waste	O
of	O
time	O
.	O


So	O
most	O
bills	O
are	O
passed	O
without	O
full	O
discussion	O
;	O
particularly	O
difficult	O
bills	O
are	O
passed	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
the	O
opposition	O
parties	O
.	O


A	O
recent	O
example	O
is	O
the	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
consumption	O
tax	O
on	O
all	O
commercial	O
activities	O
.	O


This	O
makes	O
enormous	O
sense	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
direct	O
tax	O
accounts	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
revenues	O
and	O
the	O
capture	O
rate	O
of	O
direct	O
tax	O
is	O
so	O
unfair	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
salaried	O
man	O
,	O
Amen	O
!	O
100	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
captured	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
retailer	O
,	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
a	O
farmer	O
,	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


To	O
correct	O
this	O
inequality	O
,	O
most	O
people	O
would	O
have	O
favored	O
an	O
indirect	O
tax	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
consumption	O
tax	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
bill	O
was	O
passed	O
without	O
debate	O
in	O
the	O
Diet	B-ORG
,	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
the	O
opposition	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
people	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
to	O
expect	O
when	O
the	O
new	O
law	O
was	O
introduced	O
on	O
April	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
.	O


They	O
were	O
frustrated	O
by	O
the	O
longer	O
queues	O
at	O
the	O
cashier	O
and	O
the	O
small	O
coins	O
given	O
as	O
change	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
a	O
sudden	O
,	O
prices	O
were	O
no	O
longer	O
in	O
denominations	O
of	O
100	B-CARDINAL
or	O
200	B-CARDINAL
.	O


They	O
were	O
103	B-CARDINAL
or	O
206	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Pockets	O
exploded	O
with	O
one	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
coins	O
.	O


While	O
people	O
were	O
jingling	O
their	O
change	O
,	O
the	O
LDP	B-ORG
politicians	O
were	O
caught	O
in	O
scandals	O
.	O


Money	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
Recruit	B-ORG
's	O
political	O
donations	O
,	O
and	O
women	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Sosuke	B-PERSON
Uno	I-PERSON
and	O
Secretary	O
General	O
Tokuo	B-PERSON
Yamashita	I-PERSON
,	O
seldom	O
have	O
caused	O
political	O
scandals	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Whereas	O
most	O
men	O
were	O
a	O
bit	O
ambivalent	O
about	O
the	O
sex	O
scandals	O
-LRB-	O
though	O
they	O
were	O
furious	O
about	O
Recruit	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
,	O
women	O
were	O
upset	O
about	O
both	O
and	O
surged	O
to	O
the	O
polls	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
recent	O
Upper	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
and	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
metropolitan	O
congressional	O
elections	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	B-ORG
Socialist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
won	O
a	O
runaway	O
victory	O
,	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
all	O
women	O
voted	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
usual	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


It	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
analyze	O
how	O
much	O
of	O
their	O
anger	O
was	O
due	O
to	O
Recruit	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
sex	O
scandals	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
one	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
coins	O
in	O
their	O
purses	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
obviously	O
were	O
voting	O
to	O
punish	O
the	O
LDP	B-ORG
.	O


Taken	O
by	O
surprise	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Socialist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
is	O
busy	O
changing	O
its	O
doctrines	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
now	O
OK	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
not	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
.	O


Nuclear	O
power	O
plants	O
are	O
acceptable	O
.	O


The	B-LAW
U.S.	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
Japan	I-LAW
Security	I-LAW
Treaty	I-LAW
can	O
continue	O
,	O
sort	O
of	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
on	O
.	O


Against	O
the	O
rapid	O
cosmetic	O
overhaul	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Socialist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
the	O
LDP	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
paralyzed	O
.	O


Now	O
is	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
reform	O
the	O
government	O
from	O
a	O
provider	O
,	O
developing	O
-	O
country	O
vanguard	O
role	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
modern	O
,	O
industrialized	O
nation	O
in	O
which	O
consumers	O
have	O
the	O
ultimate	O
choice	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
LDP	B-ORG
,	O
as	O
currently	O
composed	O
,	O
ca	O
n't	O
make	O
the	O
transformation	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
should	O
split	O
into	O
two	B-CARDINAL
parties	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
party	O
could	O
stand	O
for	O
consumer	O
interests	O
,	O
small	O
government	O
,	O
free	O
trade	O
and	O
globalism	O
to	O
put	O
Japan	B-GPE
clearly	O
among	O
the	O
most	O
developed	O
and	O
open	O
countries	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
party	O
could	O
continue	O
on	O
the	O
traditional	O
track	O
of	O
the	O
LDP	B-ORG
,	O
representing	O
the	O
manufacturers	O
'	O
preference	O
for	O
larger	O
government	O
,	O
control	O
,	O
regulation	O
and	O
protectionism	O
.	O


The	O
LDP	B-ORG
must	O
make	O
a	O
decision	O
immediately	O
;	O
Lower	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
elections	O
must	O
take	O
place	O
before	O
June	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	O
current	O
mood	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
people	O
,	O
journalists	O
and	O
even	O
some	O
industrialists	O
,	O
giving	O
power	O
to	O
the	O
Socialists	B-NORP
might	O
be	O
good	O
for	O
the	O
LDP	B-ORG
,	O
cleansing	O
it	O
of	O
past	O
sins	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
not	O
forget	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
such	O
a	O
humble	O
political	O
experiment	O
could	O
cause	O
a	O
global	O
tidal	O
wave	O
of	O
shocks	O
in	O
real	O
-	O
estate	O
and	O
financial	O
markets	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
most	O
there	O
is	O
only	B-DATE
nine	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
LDP	B-ORG
fuse	O
burns	O
out	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Ohmae	B-PERSON
is	O
managing	O
director	O
of	O
McKinsey	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Early	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
diamond	O
mining	O
in	O
the	O
magnificent	O
dunes	O
where	O
the	B-LOC
Namib	I-LOC
Desert	I-LOC
meets	O
the	B-LOC
Atlantic	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
was	O
a	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
at	O
the	O
beach	O
.	O


Men	O
would	O
crawl	O
in	O
the	O
sand	O
looking	O
for	O
shiny	O
stones	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
as	O
easy	O
as	O
collecting	O
sea	O
shells	O
at	O
Malibu	B-GPE
.	O


Men	O
are	O
still	O
combing	O
the	O
beach	O
with	O
shovels	O
and	O
hand	O
brushes	O
,	O
searching	O
for	O
that	O
unusual	O
glint	O
.	O


But	O
only	O
after	O
a	O
fleet	O
of	O
336	B-CARDINAL
gargantuan	O
earthmoving	O
vehicles	O
belonging	O
to	O
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
Consolidated	I-ORG
Mines	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
diamond	O
kingpins	O
,	O
do	O
their	O
work	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
43	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
desert	O
were	O
moved	O
from	O
one	B-CARDINAL
dune	O
to	O
another	O
to	O
recover	O
934,242	B-QUANTITY
carats	I-QUANTITY
,	O
which	O
comes	O
to	O
46	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
sand	O
per	O
carat	O
,	O
or	O
one	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
fifth	I-QUANTITY
gram	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Oh	O
yes	O
,	O
the	O
Atlantic	B-LOC
was	O
also	O
pushed	O
back	O
300	B-QUANTITY
yards	I-QUANTITY
.	O


``	O
If	O
there	O
's	O
diamonds	O
out	O
there	O
,	O
we	O
'll	O
get	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Les	B-PERSON
Johns	I-PERSON
,	O
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
engineering	O
manager	O
.	O


Here	O
,	O
wedged	O
between	O
shifting	O
dunes	O
and	O
pounding	O
waves	O
at	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
most	O
inhospitable	O
diamond	O
dig	O
,	O
lies	O
the	O
earth	B-LOC
's	O
most	O
precious	O
jewel	O
box	O
.	O


Thanks	O
to	O
centuries	O
of	O
polishing	O
by	O
Mother	O
Nature	O
--	O
first	B-ORDINAL
in	O
the	O
gentle	O
current	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Orange	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
that	O
carried	O
the	O
stones	O
from	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
interior	O
,	O
then	O
in	O
the	O
cold	O
surf	O
of	O
the	O
ocean	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
in	O
the	O
coarse	O
sands	O
of	O
the	O
desert	O
--	O
98	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
diamonds	O
uncovered	O
are	O
of	O
gem	O
quality	O
.	O


While	O
other	O
mines	O
might	O
yield	O
more	O
carats	O
,	O
a	O
higher	O
percentage	O
of	O
them	O
go	O
to	O
industrial	O
use	O
.	O


Since	O
this	O
treasure	O
chest	O
is	O
too	O
big	O
to	O
fit	O
in	O
a	O
bank	O
vault	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
turned	O
into	O
one	O
.	O


Months	B-DATE
after	O
railway	O
worker	O
Zacharias	B-PERSON
Lewala	I-PERSON
first	B-ORDINAL
picked	O
up	O
a	O
diamond	O
from	O
the	O
sand	O
in	O
1908	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
German	B-NORP
colonialists	O
who	O
controlled	O
Namibia	B-GPE
proclaimed	O
a	O
wide	O
swath	O
of	O
the	O
desert	O
--	O
about	B-QUANTITY
200	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
north	O
from	O
the	B-LOC
Orange	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
and	O
60	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
inland	O
from	O
the	O
Atlantic	B-LOC
--	O
a	O
restricted	O
area	O
,	O
a	O
designation	O
normally	O
reserved	O
for	O
military	O
operations	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
Germans	B-NORP
lost	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
I	I-EVENT
,	O
they	O
lost	O
Namibia	B-GPE
to	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
diamonds	O
to	O
Ernest	B-PERSON
Oppenheimer	I-PERSON
,	O
patriarch	O
of	O
Anglo	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
no	O
one	O
gets	O
in	O
or	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
restricted	O
area	O
without	O
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
stingy	O
approval	O
.	O


The	O
mining	O
zone	O
has	O
thus	O
remained	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
desolate	O
places	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
.	O


Ghost	O
towns	O
dot	O
the	O
Namib	B-GPE
dunes	O
,	O
proving	O
diamonds	O
are	O
n't	O
forever	O
.	O


Oranjemund	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
mine	O
headquarters	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
lonely	O
corporate	O
oasis	O
of	O
9,000	B-CARDINAL
residents	O
.	O


Jackals	O
roam	O
the	O
streets	O
at	O
night	B-TIME
,	O
and	O
gemsbok	O
,	O
hardy	O
antelope	O
with	O
long	O
straight	O
horns	O
,	O
wander	O
in	O
from	O
the	O
desert	O
to	O
drink	O
from	O
water	O
sprinklers	O
.	O


On	O
most	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
desert	O
's	O
heat	O
and	O
the	O
cool	O
of	O
the	O
ocean	O
combine	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
mist	O
like	O
a	O
damp	O
rag	O
.	O


The	O
wind	O
,	O
stinging	O
with	O
sand	O
,	O
never	O
seems	O
to	O
stop	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
miners	O
from	O
all	O
parts	O
of	O
Namibia	B-GPE
as	O
well	O
as	O
professional	O
staff	O
from	O
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
head	O
offices	O
in	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
and	O
London	B-GPE
keep	O
coming	O
.	O


And	O
Oranjemund	B-GPE
boasts	O
attractions	O
besides	O
diamonds	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
six	B-CARDINAL
video	O
rental	O
shops	O
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
restaurants	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
cinema	O
and	O
34	B-CARDINAL
sports	O
and	O
recreation	O
clubs	O
for	O
everything	O
from	O
cricket	O
to	O
lawn	O
bowling	O
.	O


The	O
pride	O
of	O
Oranjemund	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
18	B-CARDINAL
-	O
hole	O
golf	O
course	O
--	O
with	O
the	O
largest	O
sand	O
trap	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
rising	O
Orange	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
threatened	O
to	O
swamp	O
the	O
course	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
engineers	O
who	O
are	O
pushing	O
back	O
the	O
Atlantic	B-LOC
rushed	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
wall	O
to	O
hold	O
back	O
the	O
flood	O
.	O


``	O
Nothing	O
is	O
too	O
good	O
for	O
our	O
golf	O
course	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Tony	B-PERSON
George	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
mining	O
engineer	O
.	O


Despite	O
fears	O
the	O
mine	O
may	O
be	O
partially	O
nationalized	O
by	O
the	O
new	O
Namibian	B-NORP
government	O
following	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
elections	O
freeing	O
the	O
country	O
from	O
South	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
control	O
,	O
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
engineers	O
are	O
working	O
to	O
extend	O
the	O
mine	O
's	O
productive	O
life	O
for	O
another	B-DATE
25	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
from	O
the	O
current	O
estimate	O
of	O
10	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Huge	O
machines	O
that	O
look	O
as	O
though	O
they	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
Star	B-WORK_OF_ART
Wars	I-WORK_OF_ART
desert	O
-	O
battle	O
scene	O
lumber	O
among	O
the	O
dunes	O
.	O


Mechanized	O
vacuum	O
cleaners	O
probe	O
the	O
sand	O
like	O
giant	O
anteaters	O
;	O
a	O
whirring	O
ferris	O
wheellike	O
excavator	O
,	O
with	O
buckets	O
instead	O
of	O
seats	O
,	O
chews	O
through	O
layers	O
of	O
compacted	O
sand	O
;	O
tracks	O
and	O
conveyor	O
belts	O
,	O
shuttling	O
sand	O
to	O
the	O
screening	O
plants	O
,	O
criss	O
-	O
cross	O
the	O
beach	O
.	O


Then	O
there	O
is	O
the	O
artifical	O
sea	O
wall	O
,	O
600	B-QUANTITY
yards	I-QUANTITY
long	O
and	O
60	B-QUANTITY
yards	I-QUANTITY
thick	O
,	O
jutting	O
into	O
the	O
ocean	O
.	O


Made	O
of	O
sand	O
,	O
it	O
receives	O
around	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
clock	O
maintainence	O
against	O
the	O
battering	O
waves	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
mining	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
wall	O
is	O
complete	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
moved	O
northward	O
.	O


A	O
companion	O
jetty	O
that	O
helps	O
hold	O
back	O
the	O
sea	O
looks	O
like	O
a	O
rusting	O
junkyard	O
.	O


Engineers	O
first	O
used	O
concrete	O
blocks	O
to	O
bolster	O
the	O
barrier	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
ocean	O
tossed	O
them	O
aside	O
like	O
driftwood	O
.	O


Then	O
someone	O
decided	O
to	O
try	O
broken	O
-	O
down	O
earthmoving	O
equipment	O
that	O
,	O
inexplicably	O
,	O
held	O
against	O
the	O
waves	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
Caterpillar	B-ORG
people	O
are	O
n't	O
too	O
happy	O
when	O
they	O
see	O
their	O
equipment	O
used	O
like	O
that	O
,	O
''	O
shrugs	O
Mr.	O
George	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
They	O
figure	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
advert	O
.	O
''	O


Despite	O
all	O
these	O
innovations	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
diamonds	O
are	O
still	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
sand	O
swept	O
away	O
by	O
the	O
men	O
wielding	O
shovels	O
and	O
brushes	O
--	O
the	O
ignominiously	O
named	O
``	O
bedrock	O
sweepers	O
''	O
who	O
toil	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
the	O
excavators	O
.	O


Laboring	O
in	O
blue	O
and	O
gray	O
overalls	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
supposed	O
to	O
concentrate	O
on	O
cleaning	O
out	O
crevices	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
strain	O
their	O
eyes	O
looking	O
for	O
diamonds	O
.	O


But	O
should	O
they	O
spy	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
the	O
company	O
will	O
pay	O
a	O
bonus	O
equal	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
its	O
value	O
.	O


For	O
these	O
workers	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
mine	O
's	O
pay	O
scale	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
usually	O
enough	O
to	O
overcome	O
the	O
temptation	O
to	O
steal	O
--	O
a	O
crime	O
that	O
could	O
earn	O
them	O
up	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
15	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
jail	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
employees	O
do	O
occasionally	O
try	O
to	O
smuggle	O
out	O
a	O
gem	O
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
man	O
wrapped	O
several	O
diamonds	O
in	O
the	O
knot	O
of	O
his	O
tie	O
.	O


Another	O
poked	O
a	O
hole	O
in	O
the	O
heel	O
of	O
his	O
shoe	O
.	O


A	O
food	O
caterer	O
stashed	O
stones	O
in	O
the	O
false	O
bottom	O
of	O
a	O
milk	O
pail	O
.	O


None	O
made	O
it	O
past	O
the	O
body	O
searches	O
and	O
X-rays	O
of	O
mine	O
security	O
.	O


DISASTER	O
STATES	O
are	O
n't	O
jumping	O
to	O
raise	O
taxes	O
for	O
relief	O
and	O
recovery	O
.	O


Not	O
yet	O
,	O
anyway	O
.	O


Just	O
after	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
battered	O
South	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
,	O
some	O
officials	O
talked	O
of	O
perhaps	O
adding	O
a	B-MONEY
penny	I-MONEY
to	O
the	O
state	O
gasoline	O
tax	O
or	O
raising	O
property	O
taxes	O
.	O


Gov.	O
Campbell	B-PERSON
responded	O
,	O
``	O
They	O
're	O
mentioning	O
rope	O
when	O
there	O
's	O
been	O
a	O
hanging	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
.	O
''	O


A	O
spokesman	O
says	O
the	O
governor	O
believes	O
he	O
can	O
avoid	O
increases	O
by	O
relying	O
on	O
federal	O
aid	O
and	O
shifting	O
funds	O
in	O
state	O
programs	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
Hugo	B-EVENT
's	O
impact	O
may	O
revive	O
unsuccessful	O
proposals	O
to	O
give	O
local	O
governments	O
authority	O
to	O
levy	O
sales	O
taxes	O
.	O


A	O
spokesman	O
for	O
North	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
Gov.	O
Martin	B-PERSON
says	O
Hugo	B-EVENT
has	O
n't	O
prompted	O
proposals	O
for	O
state	O
or	O
local	O
increases	O
.	O


California	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
earthquake	O
damage	O
may	O
top	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
plans	O
a	O
special	O
legislative	O
session	O
.	O


Property	O
-	O
tax	O
relief	O
is	O
likely	O
.	O


Legislators	O
are	O
talking	O
about	O
temporary	O
rises	O
in	O
sales	O
or	O
gasoline	O
taxes	O
,	O
although	O
Gov.	O
Deukmejian	B-PERSON
says	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
a	O
last	O
resort	O
.	O


Needs	O
are	O
n't	O
clear	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
state	O
constitution	O
makes	O
increasing	O
taxes	O
and	O
spending	O
very	O
difficult	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
legislators	O
think	O
the	O
time	O
may	O
be	O
ripe	O
to	O
revise	O
the	O
constitution	O
.	O


THE	O
IRS	B-ORG
WILL	O
PAY	O
if	O
its	O
error	O
burdens	O
you	O
with	O
bank	O
charges	O
.	O


Policy	O
statement	O
P	B-LAW
-	I-LAW
5	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
39	I-LAW
sets	O
out	O
terms	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
an	O
erroneous	O
IRS	B-ORG
levy	O
on	O
a	O
bank	O
account	O
,	O
a	O
taxpayer	O
may	O
incur	O
administrative	O
and	O
overdraft	O
charges	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
admits	O
its	O
error	O
and	O
the	O
charges	O
have	O
been	O
paid	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
reimburse	O
a	O
taxpayer	O
who	O
has	O
n't	O
refused	O
to	O
give	O
timely	O
answers	O
to	O
IRS	B-ORG
inquiries	O
or	O
has	O
n't	O
contributed	O
to	O
continuing	O
or	O
compounding	O
the	O
error	O
.	O


The	O
IRS	B-ORG
recently	O
amended	O
the	O
policy	O
to	O
cover	O
stop	O
-	O
payment	O
charges	O
for	O
checks	O
lost	O
by	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
.	O


If	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
asks	O
for	O
and	O
gets	O
a	O
replacement	O
for	O
a	O
check	O
that	O
it	O
concedes	O
it	O
lost	O
in	O
processing	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
reimburse	O
the	O
taxpayer	O
for	O
the	O
stop	O
-	O
payment	O
charge	O
on	O
the	O
original	O
.	O


Reimbursement	O
claims	O
must	O
be	O
filed	O
with	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
district	O
or	O
service	O
-	O
center	O
director	O
within	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
expense	O
accrues	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
seeks	O
late	O
-	O
payment	O
interest	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
lost	O
check	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
request	O
interest	O
abatement	O
,	O
publisher	O
Prentice	B-ORG
Hall	I-ORG
notes	O
.	O


JUST	O
FIVE	B-QUANTITY
ACRES	I-QUANTITY
MORE	I-QUANTITY
are	O
all	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
feel	O
really	O
at	O
home	O
,	O
they	O
say	O
.	O


A	O
couple	O
we	O
'll	O
call	O
the	O
Blandings	B-PERSON
spent	O
nearly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
800,000	I-MONEY
on	O
a	O
15	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
acre	I-QUANTITY
plot	O
and	O
main	O
home	O
and	O
have	O
an	O
old	O
$	O
175,000	B-MONEY
mortgage	O
exempt	O
from	O
the	O
new	O
limit	O
on	O
mortgage	O
-	O
interest	O
deductions	O
.	O


They	O
plan	O
to	O
expand	O
the	O
home	O
site	O
by	O
buying	O
five	B-QUANTITY
adjoining	I-QUANTITY
acres	I-QUANTITY
for	O
$	O
200,000	B-MONEY
,	O
borrowed	O
against	O
a	O
first	B-ORDINAL
mortgage	O
on	O
the	B-QUANTITY
five	I-QUANTITY
acres	I-QUANTITY
and	O
also	O
collateralized	O
by	O
the	B-QUANTITY
15	I-QUANTITY
acres	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Their	O
debt	O
will	O
be	O
well	O
under	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
limit	O
--	O
on	O
borrowing	O
to	O
acquire	O
,	O
build	O
,	O
or	O
improve	O
a	O
home	O
--	O
that	O
qualifies	O
for	O
mortgage	O
-	O
interest	O
deductions	O
.	O


As	O
you	O
can	O
guess	O
,	O
the	O
Blandings	B-PERSON
want	O
to	O
deduct	O
home	O
-	O
mortgage	O
interest	O
on	O
the	O
$	O
200,000	B-MONEY
loan	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
IRS	B-ORG
private	O
ruling	O
8940061	B-LAW
notes	O
,	O
no	O
rule	O
or	O
court	O
case	O
bears	O
directly	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
adding	O
land	O
to	O
a	O
principal	O
residence	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
has	O
drawn	O
a	O
rationale	O
from	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
a	O
home	O
site	O
split	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
and	O
sold	O
in	O
different	O
years	B-DATE
to	O
the	O
same	O
buyer	O
;	O
a	O
court	O
let	O
the	O
seller	O
in	O
that	O
old	O
case	O
treat	O
this	O
as	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
residence	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
says	O
,	O
the	O
Blandings	B-PERSON
'	O
$	O
200,000	B-MONEY
loan	O
is	O
home	O
-	O
acquisition	O
debt	O
,	O
and	O
interest	O
on	O
it	O
is	O
fully	O
deductible	O
.	O


EARTHQUAKE	O
VICTIMS	O
facing	O
imminent	O
filing	O
and	O
payment	O
deadlines	O
will	O
get	O
extensions	O
and	O
penalty	O
waivers	O
like	O
those	O
provided	O
for	O
Hugo	B-EVENT
's	O
victims	O
;	O
IRS	B-LAW
Notice	I-LAW
89108	I-LAW
has	O
details	O
.	O


Notice	B-LAW
89	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
107	I-LAW
offers	O
added	O
relief	O
for	O
hurricane	O
-	O
hit	O
concerns	O
that	O
must	O
file	O
pension	O
and	O
benefit	O
-	O
plan	O
returns	O
.	O


REPORTS	O
OF	O
PAYMENTS	O
to	O
independent	O
contractors	O
for	O
services	O
must	O
be	O
filed	O
by	O
businesses	O
,	O
but	O
do	O
n't	O
bet	O
that	O
contractors	O
'	O
unreported	O
income	O
will	O
be	O
detected	O
that	O
way	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Accounting	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
estimates	O
that	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
IRS	B-ORG
audits	O
do	O
n't	O
spot	O
companies	O
that	O
fail	O
to	O
file	O
the	O
reports	O
.	O


UH	O
HUH	O
:	O


A	O
claim	O
by	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Testa	I-PERSON
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
that	O
a	O
stranger	O
paid	O
him	O
$	O
500	B-MONEY
to	O
go	O
into	O
a	O
bank	O
and	O
change	O
$	O
44,400	B-MONEY
in	O
small	O
bills	O
into	O
large	O
bills	O
``	O
is	O
unconvincing	O
,	O
''	O
the	B-ORG
Tax	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
found	O
.	O


It	O
held	O
that	O
Testa	B-PERSON
is	O
taxable	O
on	O
$	O
44,400	B-MONEY
of	O
unreported	O
income	O
.	O


WHY	O
BE	O
A	O
MIDDLEMAN	O
for	O
charitable	O
gifts	O
?	O
a	O
retiree	O
asks	O
.	O


A	O
retired	O
electrical	O
engineer	O
we	O
'll	O
call	O
Ben	B-PERSON
works	O
part	O
-	O
time	O
as	O
a	O
consultant	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
earn	O
so	O
much	O
that	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
reduces	O
his	O
benefits	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
has	O
arranged	O
for	O
a	O
university	O
foundation	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
scholarship	O
fund	O
for	O
undergraduate	O
engineering	O
students	O
.	O


He	O
plans	O
to	O
tell	O
clients	O
to	O
pay	O
certain	O
fees	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
foundation	O
instead	O
of	O
to	O
him	O
;	O
he	O
would	O
omit	O
those	O
fees	O
from	O
income	O
reported	O
on	O
his	O
return	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
asked	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
if	O
the	O
plan	O
would	O
work	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
notes	O
IRS	B-LAW
private	I-LAW
ruling	I-LAW
8934014	I-LAW
,	O
``	O
a	O
fundamental	O
principle	O
''	O
is	O
that	O
income	O
must	O
be	O
taxed	O
to	O
whoever	O
earns	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
rule	O
goes	O
back	O
at	O
least	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
a	O
1930	B-DATE
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
decision	O
,	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Willens	I-PERSON
of	O
Shearson	B-ORG
Lehman	I-ORG
Hutton	I-ORG
says	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
assign	O
your	O
income	O
to	O
another	O
,	O
you	O
still	O
have	O
controlled	O
its	O
disposition	O
and	O
enjoyed	O
the	O
fruits	O
of	O
your	O
labor	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
indirectly	O
.	O


Ben	B-PERSON
earns	O
any	O
fees	O
sent	O
directly	O
to	O
charity	O
and	O
is	O
taxable	O
on	O
them	O
,	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
says	O
;	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
he	O
also	O
may	O
take	O
a	O
charitable	O
deduction	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


BRIEFS	O
:	O


Ways	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Means	I-ORG
veteran	O
Gephardt	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Mo	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
moves	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
Budget	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
;	O
Rep.	O
Cardin	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Md	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
replaces	O
him	O
...	O
.	O


Seattle	B-GPE
's	O
license	O
fees	O
for	O
adult	O
peep	O
shows	O
vary	O
from	O
those	O
for	O
other	O
coin	O
-	O
operated	O
amusements	O
without	O
serving	O
a	O
substantial	O
government	O
interest	O
and	O
are	O
unconstitutional	O
,	O
the	O
ninth	B-ORDINAL
-	O
circuit	O
appeals	O
court	O
holds	O
for	O
Acorn	B-ORG
Investments	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Blue	O
-	O
chip	O
advertisers	O
have	O
plenty	O
of	O
complaints	O
about	O
the	O
magazines	O
they	O
advertise	O
in	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
inadequate	O
consumer	O
research	O
to	O
ad	O
``	O
clutter	O
''	O
and	O
a	O
seemingly	O
unchecked	O
proliferation	O
of	O
special	O
interest	O
magazines	O
.	O


Criticism	O
from	O
such	O
big	O
advertisers	O
as	O
Estee	B-ORG
Lauder	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Colgate	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Palmolive	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
Seagram	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
put	O
a	O
damper	O
on	O
the	O
euphoria	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Magazine	I-ORG
Conference	I-ORG
here	O
.	O


The	O
conference	O
opened	O
Monday	B-DATE
with	O
glowing	O
reports	O
about	O
consumer	O
magazines	O
'	O
growth	O
in	O
circulation	O
and	O
advertising	O
revenue	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
Magazines	O
are	O
not	O
providing	O
us	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
information	O
on	O
circulation	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Edgar	B-PERSON
Bronfman	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
of	O
Seagram	B-ORG
,	O
in	O
a	O
panel	O
discussion	O
.	O


``	O
How	O
do	O
readers	O
feel	O
about	O
the	O
magazine	O
?	O


How	O
deeply	O
do	O
they	O
read	O
it	O
?	O


Research	O
does	O
n't	O
tell	O
us	O
whether	O
people	O
actually	O
do	O
read	O
the	O
magazines	O
they	O
subscribe	O
to	O
.	O
''	O


Reuben	B-PERSON
Mark	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
executive	O
of	O
Colgate	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Palmolive	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
advertisers	O
lack	O
detailed	O
demographic	O
and	O
geographic	O
breakdowns	O
of	O
magazines	O
'	O
audiences	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
need	O
research	O
that	O
convinces	O
us	O
that	O
magazines	O
are	O
a	O
real	O
value	O
in	O
reader	O
's	O
lives	O
,	O
that	O
readers	O
are	O
really	O
involved	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
critics	O
also	O
lambasted	O
the	O
magazine	O
industry	O
for	O
something	O
executives	O
often	O
are	O
very	O
proud	O
of	O
:	O
the	O
growth	O
in	O
magazine	O
titles	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
.	O


Leonard	B-PERSON
Lauder	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
of	O
Estee	B-ORG
Lauder	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
consumer	O
magazines	O
are	O
suffering	O
from	O
what	O
he	O
called	O
``	O
niche-itis	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
increasing	O
number	O
of	O
magazines	O
that	O
target	O
the	O
idosyncratic	O
interests	O
of	O
readers	O
.	O


``	O
Niche-itis	O
fragments	O
our	O
advertising	O
dollars	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Lauder	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
We	O
are	O
being	O
over	O
-	O
magazined	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
constantly	O
faced	O
with	O
deciding	O
which	O
partnerships	O
-LCB-	O
with	O
magazines	O
-RCB-	O
we	O
can	O
keep	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
added	O
:	O
``	O
There	O
's	O
probably	O
even	O
a	O
magazine	O
for	O
left	O
-	O
handed	O
golfers	O
...	O
but	O
the	O
general	O
interest	O
magazine	O
is	O
something	O
we	O
all	O
miss	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
should	O
come	O
back	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Lauder	B-PERSON
also	O
attacked	O
what	O
he	O
sees	O
as	O
the	O
wide	O
imitation	O
of	O
Elle	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
fashion	O
magazine	O
published	O
by	O
Diamandis	B-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
criticized	O
the	O
practice	O
of	O
stacking	O
ads	O
at	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
magazines	O
.	O


``	O
Readers	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
face	O
all	O
those	O
ad	O
pages	O
at	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
a	O
magazine	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Magazine	O
editors	O
did	O
not	O
take	O
the	O
criticisms	O
lying	O
down	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
spend	O
a	O
fortune	O
on	O
research	O
information	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Steve	B-PERSON
Burzon	I-PERSON
,	O
publisher	O
of	O
Meredith	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Metropolitan	B-ORG
Home	I-ORG
.	O


And	O
Tina	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
,	O
editor	O
of	O
Conde	B-ORG
Nast	I-ORG
Publications	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Vanity	B-ORG
Fair	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
advertisers	O
are	O
frequently	O
asked	O
to	O
take	O
advertising	O
positions	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
her	O
magazine	O
to	O
relieve	O
ad	O
clutter	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
advertisers	O
would	O
n't	O
think	O
of	O
it	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
said	O
.	O


Bernard	B-PERSON
Leser	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Conde	B-ORG
Nast	I-ORG
,	O
added	O
:	O
``	O
Our	O
research	O
shows	O
we	O
sell	O
more	O
of	O
our	O
heavier	O
issues	O
...	O
because	O
readers	O
believe	O
they	O
are	O
getting	O
more	O
for	O
what	O
they	O
pay	O
for	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
real	O
estate	O
industry	O
,	O
a	O
watchword	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
will	O
be	O
buy	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
build	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
word	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
lips	O
of	O
the	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
3,000	I-CARDINAL
developers	O
,	O
pension	O
-	O
fund	O
advisers	O
and	O
real	O
estate	O
financiers	O
slated	O
to	O
attend	O
a	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
conference	O
,	O
beginning	O
here	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
sponsored	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Urban	I-ORG
Land	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
ULI	B-ORG
is	O
a	O
non-profit	O
research	O
and	O
education	O
group	O
based	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
D.C.	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
14,000	B-CARDINAL
members	O
nationwide	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
market	O
overbuilt	O
,	O
builders	O
are	O
finding	O
limited	O
opportunities	O
and	O
increased	O
risks	O
.	O


Developers	O
and	O
money	O
managers	O
are	O
looking	O
for	O
bargains	O
among	O
the	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
financially	O
troubled	O
properties	O
around	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Real	O
estate	O
professionals	O
now	O
often	O
bill	O
themselves	O
as	O
``	O
turnaround	O
experts	O
''	O
and	O
``	O
workout	O
specialists	O
.	O
''	O


Conference	O
attendees	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
buzzing	O
about	O
the	O
workings	O
of	O
the	O
recently	O
formed	O
Resolution	B-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
federal	O
agency	O
charged	O
with	O
disposing	O
of	O
an	B-MONEY
estimated	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
real	O
estate	O
dumped	O
in	O
government	O
hands	O
by	O
insolvent	O
savings	O
and	O
loans	O
.	O


Developers	O
are	O
also	O
eyeing	O
the	O
real	O
estate	O
portfolios	O
of	O
major	O
corporations	O
.	O


Some	O
plan	O
to	O
pursue	O
foreign	O
development	O
ventures	O
,	O
mostly	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


And	O
other	O
developers	O
may	O
shift	O
from	O
commercial	O
to	O
residential	O
development	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
There	O
are	O
n't	O
as	O
many	O
economically	O
viable	O
alternatives	O
for	O
real	O
estate	O
developers	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
as	O
10	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
says	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Shaw	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Chicago	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
real	O
estate	O
developer	O
.	O
``	O


So	O
developers	O
are	O
saying	O
they	O
will	O
look	O
into	O
distressed	O
properties	O
.	O


They	O
'll	O
go	O
into	O
someone	O
else	O
's	O
pasture	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
it	O
's	O
greener	O
than	O
the	O
one	O
they	O
're	O
in	O
now	O
.	O
''	O


Developers	O
are	O
also	O
forming	O
more	O
joint	O
ventures	O
with	O
pension	O
funds	O
and	O
insurance	O
companies	O
that	O
can	O
finance	O
big	O
projects	O
.	O


The	O
builders	O
are	O
more	O
willing	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
some	O
equity	O
and	O
rely	O
on	O
management	O
and	O
consulting	O
fees	O
to	O
stay	O
afloat	O
in	O
the	O
soft	O
market	O
.	O


``	O
Developers	O
are	O
teaming	O
up	O
with	O
institutions	O
often	O
acting	O
as	O
project	O
managers	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Smedes	B-PERSON
York	I-PERSON
,	O
ULI	B-ORG
president	O
and	O
president	O
of	O
York	B-ORG
Properties	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
of	O
Raleigh	B-GPE
,	O
N.C	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
They	O
are	O
growing	O
more	O
pragmatic	O
about	O
their	O
role	O
.	O
''	O


Real	O
estate	O
firms	O
are	O
also	O
using	O
their	O
alliances	O
with	O
financial	O
institutions	O
to	O
amass	O
acquisition	O
funds	O
.	O


``	O
Why	O
should	O
you	O
beat	O
your	O
brains	O
out	O
fighting	O
the	O
environmentalists	O
,	O
the	O
neighborhood	O
groups	O
,	O
dealing	O
with	O
traffic	O
mitigation	O
,	O
sewers	O
and	O
fighting	O
city	O
hall	O
,	O
then	O
try	O
to	O
convince	O
a	O
lender	O
to	O
lend	O
you	O
money	O
in	O
an	O
overbuilt	O
market	O
when	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
pension	O
fund	O
money	O
,	O
buy	O
a	O
portfolio	O
,	O
sell	O
off	O
pieces	O
off	O
it	O
and	O
play	O
your	O
own	O
game	O
?	O
''	O
says	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Rodman	I-PERSON
,	O
managing	O
partner	O
of	O
the	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
office	O
of	O
Kenneth	B-ORG
Leventhal	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
a	O
national	O
accounting	O
firm	O
.	O


But	O
experts	O
say	O
that	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
distressed	O
properties	O
,	O
finding	O
diamonds	O
in	O
the	O
rough	O
is	O
n't	O
easy	O
.	O


The	O
level	O
of	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
RTC	B-ORG
's	O
properties	O
has	O
been	O
greater	O
than	O
expected	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
come	O
from	O
larger	O
companies	O
than	O
initially	O
anticipated	O
,	O
says	O
Stan	B-PERSON
Ross	I-PERSON
,	O
Leventhal	B-ORG
's	O
co-managing	O
partner	O
.	O


And	O
to	O
succeed	O
in	O
the	O
turnaround	O
business	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
developers	O
may	O
have	O
to	O
put	O
in	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
and	O
time	O
.	O


Finding	O
pension	O
funds	O
and	O
other	O
sources	O
willing	O
to	O
invest	O
is	O
a	O
high	O
priority	O
.	O


Quips	O
David	B-PERSON
Shulman	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
real	O
estate	O
research	O
for	O
Salomon	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
:	O
``	O
A	O
theme	O
of	O
the	O
Urban	O
Land	O
conference	O
will	O
be	O
`	O
take	O
a	O
pension	O
fund	O
manager	O
to	O
lunch	O
.	O


Sheraton	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
Pan	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
World	I-ORG
Airways	I-ORG
announced	O
that	O
they	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Soviet	B-NORP
partners	O
will	O
construct	O
two	B-CARDINAL
``	O
world	O
-	O
class	O
''	O
hotels	O
within	O
a	B-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
of	O
Red	B-FAC
Square	I-FAC
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Soviet	B-NORP
officials	O
hailed	O
the	O
joint	O
project	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
indication	O
of	O
the	O
further	O
thaw	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
Soviet	O
relations	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
an	O
outstanding	O
example	O
of	O
how	O
the	O
East	O
and	O
the	O
West	O
can	O
work	O
together	O
for	O
their	O
mutual	O
benefit	O
and	O
progress	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Soviet	B-NORP
Ambassador	O
Yuri	B-PERSON
Dubinin	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
hosted	O
a	O
signing	O
ceremony	O
for	O
the	O
venture	O
's	O
partners	O
at	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
embassy	O
here	O
.	O


Commerce	B-ORG
Secretary	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Mosbacher	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
attended	O
the	O
ceremony	O
,	O
called	O
the	O
undertaking	O
a	O
``	O
historic	O
step	O
''	O
in	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
Soviet	O
ties	O
.	O


He	O
added	O
that	O
it	O
likely	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
``	O
mulitiplier	O
effect	O
''	O
in	O
stimulating	O
further	O
trade	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


The	O
project	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
largest	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
backed	O
joint	O
venture	O
to	O
be	O
undertaken	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
hotels	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
the	B-ORG
Sheraton	I-ORG
Moscow	I-ORG
,	O
will	O
have	O
450	B-CARDINAL
rooms	O
and	O
will	O
cost	O
an	B-MONEY
estimated	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
75	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	O
build	O
.	O


The	O
six	B-CARDINAL
-	O
story	O
hotel	O
will	O
be	O
on	O
Gorky	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
and	O
initially	O
will	O
cater	O
mostly	O
to	O
business	O
travelers	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
Russian	B-NORP
tavern	O
,	O
an	O
English	B-NORP
pub	O
,	O
a	O
discotheque	O
and	O
Japanese	B-NORP
and	O
Italian	B-NORP
restaurants	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
Sheraton	B-ORG
announcement	O
.	O


The	O
hotel	O
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
open	O
in	O
1992	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
hotel	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
the	B-ORG
Budapest	I-ORG
Hotel	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
constructed	O
at	O
a	O
site	O
even	O
closer	O
to	O
Red	B-FAC
Square	I-FAC
.	O


Details	O
about	O
its	O
size	O
and	O
cost	O
have	O
n't	O
yet	O
been	O
determined	O
.	O


Sheraton	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
ITT	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
share	O
in	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
hotels	O
;	O
Pan	B-PERSON
American	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Pan	B-ORG
Am	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
share	O
.	O


The	O
Soviet	B-NORP
owners	O
will	O
be	O
Mossoviet	B-ORG
,	O
Moscow	B-GPE
's	O
city	O
governing	O
body	O
,	O
and	O
Aeroflot	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
national	O
airline	O
.	O


Although	O
a	O
Finnish	B-NORP
group	O
has	O
a	O
minority	O
interest	O
in	O
an	O
already	O
operating	O
Moscow	B-GPE
hotel	O
,	O
the	O
Sheraton	B-ORG
-	O
Pan	O
Am	O
venture	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
joint	O
-	O
venture	O
hotels	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
to	O
have	O
as	B-PERCENT
much	I-PERCENT
as	I-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
foreign	O
ownership	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
companies	O
account	O
for	O
less	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
1,000	B-CARDINAL
or	O
more	O
Soviet	B-NORP
joint	O
ventures	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
announced	O
since	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
began	O
encouraging	O
such	O
undertakings	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
some	O
U.S.	B-GPE
companies	O
are	O
negotiating	O
projects	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
among	O
the	O
biggest	O
ones	O
to	O
be	O
launched	O
.	O


Chevron	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Amoco	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Archer	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Daniels	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Midland	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Eastman	B-ORG
Kodak	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
are	O
among	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
companies	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
considering	O
such	O
ventures	O
.	O


Sheraton	B-ORG
and	O
Pan	B-ORG
Am	I-ORG
said	O
they	O
are	O
assured	O
under	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
joint	O
-	O
venture	O
law	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
repatriate	O
profits	O
from	O
their	O
hotel	O
venture	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Sheraton	I-ORG
Moscow	I-ORG
will	O
charge	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
140	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
a	O
day	O
for	O
each	O
of	O
its	O
rooms	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
accept	O
payment	O
only	O
in	O
currencies	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
traded	O
in	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
markets	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
Sheraton	B-ORG
executive	O
.	O


Thomas	B-PERSON
Plaskett	I-PERSON
,	O
Pan	B-ORG
Am	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
chairman	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
airline	O
's	O
participation	O
is	O
a	O
natural	O
outgrowth	O
of	O
its	O
current	O
arrangements	O
with	O
Aeroflot	B-ORG
to	O
jointly	O
operate	O
nonstop	O
New	O
York	O
-	O
Moscow	B-GPE
flights	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
the	O
rising	O
volume	O
of	O
passenger	O
traffic	O
on	O
this	O
route	O
justifies	O
a	O
major	O
investment	O
in	O
new	O
high	O
-	O
standard	O
Moscow	B-GPE
hotels	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Shaffer	I-PERSON
was	O
named	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
post	O
of	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
Maxwell	B-ORG
Macmillan	I-ORG
group	O
of	O
this	O
communications	O
giant	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Shaffer	B-PERSON
takes	O
primary	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
electronic	O
and	O
technical	O
-	O
services	O
group	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
been	O
group	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
electronic	O
-	O
publishing	O
group	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
Sheldon	B-PERSON
Aboff	I-PERSON
,	O
formerly	O
a	O
vice	O
president	O
at	O
Maxwell	B-ORG
,	O
was	O
named	O
group	O
vice	O
president	O
with	O
responsibility	O
for	O
various	O
electronic	O
and	O
publishing	O
-	O
group	O
companies	O
.	O


Soichiro	B-PERSON
Honda	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
picture	O
now	O
hangs	O
with	O
Henry	B-PERSON
Ford	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
Automotive	B-ORG
Hall	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Fame	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
game	O
-	O
show	O
``	O
Jeopardy	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
is	O
soon	O
to	O
be	O
Sony	B-ORG
-	O
owned	O
.	O


But	O
no	O
matter	O
how	O
much	O
Japan	B-GPE
gets	O
under	O
our	O
skin	O
,	O
we	O
'll	O
still	O
have	O
mom	O
and	O
apple	O
pie	O
.	O


On	O
second	B-ORDINAL
thought	O
,	O
make	O
that	O
just	O
mom	O
.	O


A	O
Japanese	B-NORP
apple	O
called	O
the	O
Fuji	O
is	O
cropping	O
up	O
in	O
orchards	O
the	O
way	O
Hondas	B-PRODUCT
did	O
on	O
U.S.	B-GPE
roads	O
.	O


By	O
1995	B-DATE
it	O
will	O
be	O
planted	O
more	O
often	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
apple	O
tree	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
recent	O
survey	O
of	O
six	B-CARDINAL
apple	O
-	O
industry	O
sages	O
by	O
Washington	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
horticulturist	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Norton	I-PERSON
.	O


Some	O
fruit	O
visionaries	O
say	O
the	O
Fuji	O
could	O
someday	O
tumble	O
the	O
Red	O
Delicious	O
from	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
apple	O
heap	O
.	O


It	O
certainly	O
wo	O
n't	O
get	O
there	O
on	O
looks	O
.	O


Compared	O
to	O
the	O
Red	O
Delicious	O
,	O
the	O
exemplar	O
of	O
apple	O
pulchritude	O
,	O
the	O
Fuji	O
is	O
decidedly	O
more	O
dowdy	O
--	O
generally	O
smaller	O
,	O
less	O
-	O
perfectly	O
shaped	O
,	O
greenish	O
,	O
with	O
tinges	O
of	O
red	O
.	O


To	O
hear	O
most	O
U.S.	B-GPE
growers	O
tell	O
it	O
,	O
we	O
'd	O
still	O
be	O
in	O
Paradise	B-LOC
if	O
the	O
serpent	O
had	O
proffered	O
one	O
to	O
Eve	B-PERSON
.	O


But	O
how	O
sweet	O
it	O
is	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
more	O
sugar	O
``	O
than	O
any	O
apple	O
we	O
've	O
ever	O
tested	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Duane	B-PERSON
Greene	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
University	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Massachusetts	I-ORG
pomologist	O
,	O
or	O
apple	O
scholar	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
a	O
long	O
shelf	O
life	O
and	O
``	O
does	O
n't	O
fool	O
the	O
public	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Grady	B-PERSON
Auvil	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
Orondo	B-GPE
,	O
Wash.	B-GPE
,	O
grower	O
who	O
is	O
planting	O
Fujis	O
and	O
spreading	O
the	O
good	O
word	O
about	O
them	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
does	O
n't	O
look	O
nice	O
on	O
the	O
outside	O
while	O
getting	O
mealy	O
inside	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Auvil	B-PERSON
,	O
razor	O
sharp	O
at	O
83	B-DATE
,	O
has	O
picked	O
and	O
packed	O
a	B-QUANTITY
zillion	I-QUANTITY
pecks	I-QUANTITY
of	O
apples	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
65	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
grown	O
Granny	O
Smith	O
,	O
a	O
radically	O
different	O
apple	O
that	O
the	O
conventional	O
wisdom	O
once	O
said	O
would	O
never	O
catch	O
on	O
.	O


It	O
did	O
,	O
shaking	O
the	O
apple	O
establishment	O
to	O
its	O
roots	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
even	O
more	O
radical	O
changes	O
seem	O
afoot	O
as	O
the	O
grand	O
old	O
maverick	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
apples	O
plays	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
Hiroshi	B-PERSON
Appleseed	I-PERSON
.	O


``	O
The	O
Fuji	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
No.	O
1	B-CARDINAL
to	O
replace	O
the	O
Red	O
Delicious	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


The	O
Delicious	O
hegemony	O
wo	O
n't	O
end	O
anytime	O
soon	O
.	O


New	O
apple	O
trees	O
grow	O
slowly	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Red	O
Delicious	O
is	O
almost	O
as	O
entrenched	O
as	O
mom	O
.	O


Its	O
roots	O
are	O
patriotic	O
--	O
with	O
the	O
first	O
trees	O
appearing	O
in	O
1872	B-DATE
in	O
an	O
orchard	O
near	O
Peru	B-GPE
,	O
Iowa	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
be	O
exact	O
.	O


For	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
50	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
apple	O
of	O
our	O
eye	O
.	O


A	O
good	O
Delicious	O
can	O
indeed	O
be	O
delicious	O
.	O


More	O
than	O
twice	O
as	O
many	O
Red	O
Delicious	O
apples	O
are	O
grown	O
as	O
the	O
Golden	O
variety	O
,	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
No.	O
2	B-CARDINAL
apple	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
apple	O
industry	O
is	O
ripe	O
for	O
change	O
.	O


``	O
Red	O
Delicious	O
has	O
been	O
overplanted	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
prices	O
have	O
dropped	O
below	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
production	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Washington	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Mr.	O
Norton	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
scare	O
over	O
Alar	O
,	O
a	O
growth	O
regulator	O
that	O
makes	O
apples	O
redder	O
and	O
crunchier	O
but	O
may	O
be	O
carcinogenic	O
,	O
made	O
consumers	O
shy	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
Delicious	O
,	O
though	O
they	O
were	O
less	O
affected	O
than	O
the	O
McIntosh	O
.	O


The	O
glut	O
and	O
consequent	O
lower	O
prices	O
,	O
combined	O
with	O
cancer	O
fears	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
very	O
serious	O
blow	O
to	O
growers	O
.	O


``	O
A	O
lot	O
of	O
growers	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
around	O
in	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Norton	B-PERSON
,	O
although	O
they	O
have	O
stopped	O
using	O
Alar	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
may	O
be	O
William	B-PERSON
Broderick	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Sterling	B-GPE
,	O
Mass.	B-GPE
,	O
grower	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
beautiful	O
stuff	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
looking	O
ruefully	O
at	O
big	O
boxes	O
of	O
just	O
-	O
picked	O
Red	O
Delicious	O
next	O
to	O
his	O
barn	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
lose	O
$	B-MONEY
50,000	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
60,000	I-MONEY
on	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
get	O
another	O
job	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
just	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O
''	O


Besides	O
rotten	O
prices	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
been	O
hit	O
recently	O
by	O
hail	O
,	O
a	O
bark	O
-	O
nibbling	O
horde	O
of	O
mice	O
,	O
fungi	O
and	O
bugs	O
.	O


Some	B-CARDINAL
500	I-CARDINAL
insects	O
and	O
150	B-CARDINAL
diseases	O
wiggle	O
,	O
chew	O
and	O
romp	O
through	O
growers	O
'	O
nightmares	O
,	O
including	O
maggots	O
,	O
mites	O
,	O
mildew	O
,	O
thrips	O
,	O
black	O
rot	O
and	O
the	O
flat	O
-	O
headed	O
borer	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
a	O
grower	O
beats	O
them	O
back	O
,	O
his	O
$	O
2,000	B-MONEY
rented	O
bees	O
might	O
buzz	O
off	O
to	O
the	O
neighbors	O
'	O
orchards	O
instead	O
of	O
pollinating	O
his	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Broderick	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Though	O
growers	O
ca	O
n't	O
always	O
keep	O
the	O
worm	O
from	O
the	O
apple	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
protect	O
themselves	O
against	O
the	O
price	O
vagaries	O
of	O
any	O
one	O
variety	O
by	O
diversifying	O
--	O
into	O
the	O
recently	O
imported	O
Gala	O
,	O
a	O
sweet	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
native	O
;	O
the	O
Esopus	O
Spitzenburg	O
,	O
reportedly	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
Jefferson	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
favorite	O
apple	O
;	O
disease	O
-	O
resistant	O
kinds	O
like	O
the	O
Liberty	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
've	O
ripped	O
out	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
Delicious	O
''	O
and	O
grafted	O
the	O
trees	O
with	O
many	O
different	O
shoots	O
,	O
says	O
Steve	B-PERSON
Wood	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
West	B-GPE
Lebanon	I-GPE
,	O
N.H.	B-GPE
,	O
grower	O
,	O
tramping	O
through	O
his	O
100	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
acre	I-QUANTITY
Poverty	B-FAC
Lane	I-FAC
Orchard	I-FAC
on	O
a	O
crisp	O
autumn	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
recently	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
70	B-CARDINAL
kinds	O
of	O
apples	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
a	O
Waltana	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
exclaims	O
,	O
picking	O
one	O
off	O
a	O
tree	O
.	O


He	O
bites	O
it	O
,	O
scowls	O
and	O
throws	O
it	O
down	O
.	O
``	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
real	O
dog	O
.	O
''	O


Supermarkets	O
are	O
getting	O
into	O
the	O
variety	O
act	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


They	O
still	O
buy	O
apples	O
mainly	O
for	O
big	O
,	O
red	O
good	O
looks	O
--	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
so	O
many	O
taste	O
like	O
woodchucks	O
'	O
punching	O
bags	O
.	O


But	O
freshness	O
counts	O
more	O
than	O
it	O
once	O
did	O
,	O
and	O
stores	O
are	O
expanding	O
shelf	O
space	O
for	O
unconventional	O
,	O
but	O
tastier	O
,	O
and	O
often	O
pricier	O
,	O
apples	O
.	O


``	O
Rather	O
than	O
sell	O
39	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
-	O
a	O
-	O
pound	O
Delicious	O
,	O
maybe	O
we	O
can	O
sell	O
79	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
-	O
a	O
-	O
pound	O
Fujis	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
Tryon	I-PERSON
,	O
perishables	O
director	O
for	O
Super	B-ORG
Valu	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Minneapolis	B-GPE
supermarket	O
chain	O
and	O
food	O
distributor	O
.	O


The	O
Fuji	O
is	O
a	O
product	O
of	O
meticulous	O
Japanese	B-NORP
pomological	O
engineering	O
,	O
which	O
fostered	O
it	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
at	O
a	O
government	O
research	O
orchard	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
researchers	O
have	O
bred	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
strains	O
of	O
Fujis	O
to	O
hone	O
its	O
color	O
,	O
taste	O
and	O
shelf	O
life	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
them	O
age	O
as	O
gracefully	O
as	O
Grannies	O
,	O
the	O
industry	O
's	O
gold	O
standard	O
for	O
storability	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
cornucopia	O
of	O
go	O
-	O
go	O
apples	O
,	O
the	O
Fuji	O
's	O
track	O
record	O
stands	O
out	O
:	O
During	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
15	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
has	O
gone	O
from	O
almost	O
zilch	O
to	O
some	B-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
market	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
Japanese	B-NORP
apple	O
market	O
is	O
very	O
keyed	O
to	O
high	O
quality	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
David	B-PERSON
Lane	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
scientist	O
at	O
a	O
Canadian	B-NORP
horticulture	O
research	O
center	O
in	O
Summerland	B-GPE
,	O
British	B-GPE
Columbia	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
so	O
apples	O
are	O
more	O
of	O
a	O
delicacy	O
there	O
than	O
a	O
big	O
food	O
commodity	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
Department	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Agriculture	I-ORG
estimates	O
that	O
this	O
year	O
Americans	B-NORP
will	O
eat	O
about	B-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
more	O
fresh	O
apples	O
per	O
capita	O
than	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
Fuji	O
is	O
still	O
small	O
potatoes	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
sold	O
mainly	O
in	O
fruit	O
boutiques	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
says	O
Craig	B-PERSON
Ito	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Fuji	O
-	O
apple	O
grower	O
,	O
``	O
There	O
's	O
a	O
Fuji	O
apple	O
cult	O
.	O


Once	O
somebody	O
eats	O
one	O
,	O
they	O
get	O
hooked	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Auvil	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Washington	B-GPE
grower	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
sell	O
Fujis	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
buyers	O
at	O
$	O
40	B-MONEY
a	O
box	O
if	O
he	O
had	O
them	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
already	O
is	O
a	O
big	O
importer	O
of	O
Fujis	O
from	O
other	O
places	O
,	O
he	O
adds	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


But	O
his	O
first	O
crop	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
picked	O
till	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
I	O
expect	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
demand	O
exceed	O
supply	O
for	O
Fujis	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
15	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
he	O
adds	O
.	O


Washington	B-GPE
Red	O
Delicious	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
are	O
wholesaling	O
for	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
a	O
box	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Auvil	B-PERSON
sees	O
Fujis	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
as	O
striking	O
a	O
blow	O
against	O
the	O
perversion	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
apples	O
by	O
supermarkets	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
the	O
chain	O
stores	O
took	O
over	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
longer	O
a	O
connection	O
between	O
grower	O
and	O
consumer	O
.	O


A	O
guy	O
is	O
sitting	O
up	O
in	O
an	O
office	O
deciding	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
all	O
,	O
until	O
the	B-DATE
1950s	I-DATE
even	O
the	O
Red	O
Delicious	O
was	O
a	O
firm	O
,	O
delectable	O
morsel	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
as	O
growers	O
bred	O
them	O
more	O
for	O
looks	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
satisfy	O
supermarket	O
chains	O
'	O
demands	O
of	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
storage	O
,	O
the	O
Red	O
went	O
into	O
decline	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
those	O
red	O
applelike	O
things	O
stores	O
sell	O
in	O
summer	B-DATE
are	O
fruitbowl	O
lovely	O
,	O
but	O
usually	O
not	O
good	O
eating	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
deserve	O
respect	O
,	O
however	O
--	O
they	O
are	O
almost	O
a	O
year	B-DATE
old	O
,	O
probably	O
equal	O
to	O
about	B-DATE
106	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
human	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Fuji	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
sure	O
,	O
has	O
blemishes	O
too	O
.	O


It	O
ripens	O
later	O
than	O
most	O
apples	O
,	O
and	O
growing	O
it	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
areas	O
with	O
chilly	B-DATE
autumns	I-DATE
may	O
be	O
tricky	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
frumpy	O
Fuji	O
must	O
compete	O
with	O
an	O
increasingly	O
dolledup	O
Delicious	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Broderick	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Massachusetts	B-GPE
grower	O
,	O
says	O
the	O
``	O
big	O
boss	O
''	O
at	O
a	O
supermarket	O
chain	O
even	O
rejected	O
his	O
Red	O
Delicious	O
recently	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
n't	O
waxed	O
and	O
brushed	O
for	O
extra	O
shine	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
had	O
n't	O
used	O
hormones	O
,	O
which	O
many	O
growers	O
employ	O
to	O
elongate	O
their	O
Delicious	O
apples	O
for	O
greater	O
eye	O
appeal	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Auvil	B-PERSON
points	O
out	O
,	O
Grannies	O
became	O
popular	O
without	O
big	O
,	O
red	O
looks	O
,	O
so	O
why	O
not	O
Fujis	O
?	O


He	O
sees	O
a	O
shift	O
in	O
American	B-NORP
values	O
--	O
at	O
least	O
regarding	O
apples	O
--	O
toward	O
more	O
emphasis	O
on	O
substance	O
and	O
less	O
on	O
glitz	O
.	O


``	O
Taste	O
has	O
finally	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
fore	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Or	O
,	O
for	O
that	O
matter	O
,	O
the	O
core	O
.	O


Brush	B-ORG
Wellman	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
its	O
board	O
increased	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
shares	O
of	O
common	O
stock	O
to	O
be	O
purchased	O
under	O
a	O
previously	O
authorized	O
program	O
to	O
3.9	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
from	O
2.9	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
maker	O
of	O
engineered	O
materials	O
has	O
acquired	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
2.7	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
under	O
the	O
program	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
attorney	O
general	O
's	O
office	O
filed	O
suit	O
against	O
five	B-CARDINAL
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
brokerage	O
firms	O
,	O
charging	O
them	O
with	O
responsibility	O
for	O
much	O
of	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
loss	O
incurred	O
by	O
the	O
state	O
treasurer	O
's	O
office	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
suit	O
sets	O
the	O
firms	O
'	O
liability	O
at	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
185	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
firms	O
are	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Salomon	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
County	B-ORG
Natwest	I-ORG
Government	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Greenwich	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Markets	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
Goldman	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Sachs	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
firms	O
have	O
all	O
said	O
that	O
West	B-GPE
Virginia	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
suit	O
is	O
without	O
merit	O
.	O


On	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
firms	O
filed	O
a	O
suit	O
against	O
West	B-GPE
Virginia	I-GPE
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
state	O
court	O
asking	O
for	O
a	O
declaratory	O
judgment	O
absolving	O
them	O
of	O
liability	O
.	O


That	O
suit	O
is	O
pending	O
.	O


The	O
suits	O
relate	O
to	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
loss	O
,	O
disclosed	O
in	O
December	B-DATE
,	O
that	O
was	O
suffered	O
by	O
West	B-GPE
Virginia	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
consolidated	O
investment	O
pool	O
.	O


The	O
pool	O
invested	O
idle	O
cash	O
for	O
many	O
state	O
agencies	O
and	O
local	O
governments	O
.	O


In	O
its	O
suit	O
,	O
the	O
attorney	O
general	O
's	O
office	O
alleges	O
that	O
brokers	O
encouraged	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
treasurer	O
's	O
office	O
to	O
engage	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
volume	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
transactions	O
that	O
benefited	O
the	O
brokers	O
.	O


Few	O
people	O
are	O
aware	O
that	O
the	O
federal	O
government	O
lends	O
almost	O
as	O
much	O
money	O
as	O
it	O
borrows	O
.	O


From	O
1980	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
1988	I-DATE
,	O
while	O
federal	O
budget	O
deficits	O
totaled	O
$	B-MONEY
1.41	I-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
,	O
the	O
government	O
issued	O
$	B-MONEY
394	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
new	O
direct	O
loans	O
and	O
an	B-MONEY
additional	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
756	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
new	O
primary	O
loan	O
guarantees	O
.	O


These	O
figures	O
omit	O
secondary	O
guarantees	O
,	O
deposit	O
insurance	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
activities	O
of	O
Government	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Sponsored	I-ORG
Enterprises	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
a	O
huge	O
concern	O
in	O
its	O
own	O
right	O
,	O
as	O
detailed	O
on	O
this	O
page	O
May	B-DATE
3	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


Federal	O
credit	O
programs	O
date	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
New	O
Deal	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
meant	O
to	O
break	O
even	O
financially	O
.	O


Since	O
the	B-DATE
1950s	I-DATE
,	O
federal	O
lending	O
has	O
experienced	O
extraordinary	O
growth	O
in	O
credit	O
volume	O
,	O
subsidy	O
rates	O
,	O
and	O
policy	O
applications	O
,	O
spurred	O
on	O
by	O
the	O
growth	O
of	O
government	O
in	O
general	O
and	O
budget	O
gimmicks	O
and	O
deceptive	O
management	O
in	O
particular	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
will	O
see	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
obligations	O
do	O
n't	O
show	O
up	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
federal	O
deficit	O
.	O


But	O
recent	O
events	O
indicate	O
that	O
federal	O
credit	O
is	O
out	O
of	O
control	O
.	O


Student	O
loan	O
defaults	O
remain	O
high	O
at	O
about	B-PERCENT
12	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
the	O
program	O
has	O
been	O
rocked	O
by	O
allegations	O
of	O
fraud	O
and	O
mismanagement	O
.	O


Farmers	B-ORG
Home	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
FmHA	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
loans	O
have	O
turned	O
into	O
de	O
facto	O
giveaway	O
programs	O
;	O
losses	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
are	O
expected	O
to	O
exceed	O
$	B-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Defaults	O
on	O
Veterans	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
loan	O
guarantees	O
have	O
quadrupled	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Accounting	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
reported	O
that	O
defaults	O
in	O
Federal	B-ORG
Housing	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
guarantees	O
were	O
five	B-CARDINAL
times	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
previously	O
estimated	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
FHA	B-ORG
's	O
equity	O
fell	O
to	O
minus	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2.9	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


GAO	B-ORG
's	O
findings	O
are	O
particularly	O
troubling	O
because	O
the	O
FHA	B-ORG
has	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
obligations	O
outstanding	O
and	O
had	O
previously	O
been	O
considered	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
financially	O
secure	O
credit	O
programs	O
.	O


Scores	O
of	O
other	O
credit	O
programs	O
,	O
subsidizing	O
agriculture	O
,	O
small	O
business	O
,	O
exporters	O
,	O
defense	O
,	O
energy	O
,	O
transportation	O
and	O
others	O
,	O
are	O
less	O
visible	O
but	O
in	O
no	O
better	O
shape	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
programs	O
continue	O
their	O
present	O
path	O
,	O
the	O
potential	O
government	O
losses	O
are	O
staggering	O
:	O
The	O
federal	O
government	O
holds	O
$	B-MONEY
222	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
direct	O
loans	O
outstanding	O
and	O
backs	O
an	B-MONEY
additional	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
550	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
primary	O
guarantees	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Secondary	O
guarantees	O
of	O
pools	O
of	O
FHA	B-ORG
-	O
and	O
VA	B-ORG
-	O
backed	O
loans	O
by	O
the	O
agency	O
known	O
as	O
Ginnie	B-ORG
Mae	I-ORG
currently	O
exceed	O
$	B-MONEY
330	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O
-RRB-	O


Although	O
external	O
events	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
morass	O
,	O
the	O
principal	O
causes	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
crisis	O
are	O
internal	O
and	O
generic	O
to	O
all	O
programs	O
.	O


To	O
reduce	O
the	O
risks	O
while	O
still	O
retaining	O
the	O
legitimate	O
benefits	O
these	O
programs	O
can	O
provide	O
,	O
credit	O
policy	O
must	O
:	O
1	B-CARDINAL
.	O
Use	O
credit	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
capital	O
markets	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
provide	O
subsidies	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
fundamental	O
conflict	O
between	O
providing	O
a	O
subsidy	O
and	O
maintaining	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
a	O
credit	O
program	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
program	O
is	O
meant	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
subsidy	O
,	O
collecting	O
the	O
debt	O
defeats	O
the	O
original	O
goal	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
subsidized	O
loans	O
tend	O
to	O
turn	O
into	O
giveaway	O
programs	O
,	O
with	O
increasing	O
subsidy	O
and	O
default	O
rates	O
over	O
time	O
.	O


To	O
avoid	O
this	O
problem	O
,	O
government	O
should	O
issue	O
credit	O
only	O
if	O
it	O
intends	O
to	O
use	O
every	O
legal	O
method	O
to	O
collect	O
.	O


In	O
contrast	O
,	O
credit	O
programs	O
can	O
be	O
appropriate	O
tools	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
capital	O
markets	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
legal	O
restrictions	O
on	O
interstate	O
banking	O
once	O
inhibited	O
the	O
supply	O
of	O
credit	O
to	O
the	O
agricultural	O
sector	O
.	O


Farm	O
lending	O
was	O
enacted	O
to	O
correct	O
this	O
problem	O
by	O
providing	O
a	O
reliable	O
flow	O
of	O
lendable	O
funds	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
this	O
in	O
no	O
way	O
justifies	O
the	O
huge	O
government	O
subsidies	O
and	O
losses	O
on	O
such	O
loans	O
.	O


Credit	O
policy	O
should	O
separate	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
competing	O
objectives	O
and	O
eliminate	O
aspects	O
that	O
provide	O
the	O
subsidy	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
student	O
loans	O
currently	O
attempt	O
to	O
subsidize	O
college	O
attendance	O
and	O
mitigate	O
problems	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
students	O
'	O
future	O
earnings	O
are	O
not	O
accepted	O
as	O
collateral	O
.	O


The	O
program	O
provides	O
highly	O
subsidized	O
loans	O
to	O
any	O
student	O
whose	O
family	O
earns	O
less	O
than	O
a	O
particular	O
amount	O
.	O


High	O
default	O
rates	O
,	O
a	O
low	O
interest	O
rate	O
,	O
and	O
government	O
coverage	O
of	O
all	O
interest	O
costs	O
while	O
the	O
student	O
is	O
in	O
school	O
make	O
program	O
costs	O
extremely	O
high	O
.	O


Families	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
need	O
the	O
loan	O
can	O
make	O
money	O
simply	O
by	O
putting	O
the	O
loan	O
in	O
the	O
bank	O
and	O
paying	O
it	O
back	O
when	O
the	O
student	O
graduates	O
.	O


In	O
contrast	O
,	O
a	O
student	O
loan	O
program	O
that	O
was	O
meant	O
solely	O
to	O
correct	O
capital	O
-	O
market	O
imperfections	O
would	O
allow	O
loans	O
for	O
any	O
student	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
family	O
income	O
,	O
at	O
market	O
or	O
near	O
-	O
market	O
rates	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
student	O
was	O
in	O
school	O
,	O
interest	O
costs	O
would	O
either	O
be	O
paid	O
by	O
the	O
student	O
or	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
loan	O
balance	O
.	O


This	O
program	O
,	O
combined	O
with	O
cash	O
grants	O
to	O
needy	O
students	O
,	O
would	O
reduce	O
program	O
costs	O
and	O
much	O
more	O
effectively	O
target	O
the	O
intended	O
beneficiaries	O
.	O


2	B-CARDINAL
.	O
Provide	O
better	O
incentives	O
.	O


Given	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
most	O
credit	O
programs	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
surprising	O
that	O
default	O
rates	O
are	O
not	O
even	O
higher	O
.	O


Guarantee	O
rates	O
are	O
typically	O
100	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
giving	O
lenders	O
little	O
reason	O
to	O
screen	O
customers	O
carefully	O
.	O


Reducing	O
those	O
rates	O
moderately	O
-LRB-	O
say	O
,	O
to	O
75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-RRB-	O
would	O
still	O
provide	O
substantial	O
assistance	O
to	O
borrowers	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
would	O
also	O
encourage	O
lenders	O
to	O
choose	O
more	O
creditworthy	O
customers	O
,	O
and	O
go	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
toward	O
reducing	O
defaults	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Small	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
has	O
had	O
reasonable	O
success	O
in	O
reducing	O
both	O
guarantee	O
rates	O
and	O
default	O
rates	O
in	O
its	O
Preferred	O
Lenders	O
'	O
Program	O
.	O


Borrowers	O
'	O
incentives	O
are	O
equally	O
skewed	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
government	O
has	O
a	O
dismal	O
record	O
of	O
collecting	O
bad	O
debts	O
,	O
the	O
costs	O
to	O
the	O
borrower	O
of	O
defaulting	O
are	O
usually	O
low	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
often	O
possible	O
to	O
obtain	O
a	O
new	O
government	O
loan	O
even	O
if	O
existing	O
debts	O
are	O
not	O
paid	O
off	O
.	O


Simple	O
policy	O
prescriptions	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
would	O
be	O
to	O
improve	O
debt	O
collection	O
-LRB-	O
taking	O
the	O
gloves	O
off	O
contracted	O
collection	O
agencies	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
to	O
deny	O
new	O
credit	O
to	O
defaulters	O
.	O


These	O
provisions	O
would	O
be	O
difficult	O
to	O
enforce	O
for	O
a	O
program	O
intended	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
subsidy	O
,	O
but	O
would	O
be	O
reasonable	O
and	O
effective	O
devices	O
for	O
programs	O
that	O
attempt	O
to	O
offset	O
market	O
imperfections	O
.	O


3	B-CARDINAL
.	O
Record	O
the	O
true	O
costs	O
of	O
credit	O
programs	O
in	O
the	O
federal	O
budget	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
budget	O
measures	O
cash	O
flow	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
$	O
1	B-MONEY
direct	O
loan	O
is	O
treated	O
as	O
a	O
$	O
1	B-MONEY
expenditure	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
at	O
least	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
loan	O
will	O
be	O
paid	O
back	O
.	O


Loan	O
guarantees	O
do	O
n't	O
appear	O
at	O
all	O
until	O
the	O
borrower	O
defaults	O
,	O
so	O
new	O
guarantees	O
do	O
not	O
raise	O
the	O
deficit	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
they	O
create	O
future	O
liabilities	O
for	O
the	O
government	O
.	O


By	O
converting	O
an	O
expenditure	O
or	O
loan	O
to	O
a	O
guarantee	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
can	O
ensure	O
the	O
same	O
flow	O
of	O
resources	O
and	O
reduce	O
the	O
current	O
deficit	O
.	O


Predictably	O
,	O
guarantees	O
outstanding	O
have	O
risen	O
by	O
$	B-MONEY
130	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
since	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
while	O
direct	O
loans	O
outstanding	O
have	O
fallen	O
by	O
$	B-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
true	O
budgetary	O
cost	O
of	O
a	O
credit	O
subsidy	O
is	O
the	O
discounted	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
net	O
costs	O
to	O
government	O
.	O


This	O
figure	O
could	O
be	O
estimated	O
using	O
techniques	O
employed	O
by	O
private	O
lenders	O
to	O
forecast	O
losses	O
,	O
or	O
determined	O
by	O
selling	O
loans	O
to	O
private	O
owners	O
-LRB-	O
without	O
federal	O
guarantees	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Neither	O
technique	O
is	O
perfect	O
,	O
but	O
both	O
are	O
better	O
than	O
the	O
current	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
misstates	O
the	O
costs	O
of	O
new	O
credit	O
programs	O
by	O
amounts	O
that	O
vary	O
substantially	O
and	O
average	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
annually	B-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Congressional	I-ORG
Budget	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
.	O


A	O
budget	O
that	O
reflected	O
the	O
real	O
costs	O
of	O
lending	O
would	O
eliminate	O
incentives	O
to	O
convert	O
spending	O
or	O
lending	O
programs	O
to	O
guarantees	O
and	O
would	O
let	O
taxpayers	O
know	O
what	O
Congress	B-ORG
is	O
committing	O
them	O
to	O
.	O


4	B-CARDINAL
.	O
Impose	O
standard	O
accounting	O
and	O
administrative	O
practices	O
.	O


Creative	O
accounting	O
is	O
a	O
hallmark	O
of	O
federal	O
credit	O
.	O


Many	O
agencies	O
roll	O
over	O
their	O
debt	O
,	O
paying	O
off	O
delinquent	O
loans	O
by	O
issuing	O
new	O
loans	O
,	O
or	O
converting	O
defaulted	O
loan	O
guarantees	O
into	O
direct	O
loans	O
.	O


In	O
any	O
case	O
,	O
they	O
avoid	O
having	O
to	O
write	O
off	O
the	O
loans	O
.	O


Some	O
agencies	O
simply	O
keep	O
bad	O
loans	O
on	O
the	O
books	O
;	O
as	O
late	B-DATE
as	I-DATE
1987	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Export	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Import	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
held	O
in	O
its	O
portfolio	O
at	O
face	O
value	O
loans	O
made	O
to	O
Cuba	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
1950s	I-DATE
.	O


More	O
seriously	O
,	O
FmHA	B-ORG
has	O
carried	O
several	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
defaulted	O
loans	O
at	O
face	O
value	O
.	O


Until	O
GAO	B-ORG
's	O
recent	O
audit	O
,	O
FHA	B-ORG
books	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
subject	O
to	O
a	O
complete	O
external	O
audit	O
in	O
15	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
administration	O
of	O
federal	O
credit	O
should	O
closely	O
parallel	O
private	O
lending	O
practices	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
loan	O
loss	O
reserve	O
and	O
regular	O
outside	O
audits	O
.	O


Establishing	O
these	O
practices	O
would	O
permit	O
earlier	O
identification	O
of	O
emerging	O
financial	O
crises	O
,	O
provide	O
better	O
information	O
for	O
loan	O
sales	O
and	O
budgeting	O
decisions	O
,	O
and	O
reduce	O
fraud	O
.	O


Government	O
lending	O
was	O
not	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
obfuscate	O
spending	O
figures	O
,	O
hide	O
fraudulent	O
activity	O
,	O
or	O
provide	O
large	O
subsidies	O
.	O


The	O
reforms	O
described	O
above	O
would	O
provide	O
a	O
more	O
limited	O
,	O
but	O
clearer	O
,	O
safer	O
and	O
ultimately	O
more	O
useful	O
role	O
for	O
government	O
as	O
a	O
lender	O
.	O


Without	O
such	O
reforms	O
,	O
credit	O
programs	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
proposition	O
for	O
taxpayers	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Gale	B-PERSON
is	O
an	O
assistant	O
professor	O
of	O
economics	O
at	O
UCLA	B-ORG
.	O


Malcolm	B-PERSON
S.	I-PERSON
Todt	I-PERSON
was	O
named	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
senior	O
officer	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
equipment	O
leasing	O
to	O
municipalities	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
effort	O
of	O
this	O
bond	O
insurer	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Todt	B-PERSON
had	O
been	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
treasurer	O
of	O
Insilco	B-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
considering	O
casting	O
a	O
line	O
-	O
item	O
veto	O
as	O
a	O
test	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
the	O
courts	O
will	O
rule	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
such	O
authority	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
has	O
long	O
campaigned	O
for	O
passage	O
of	O
a	O
bill	O
or	O
a	O
constitutional	O
amendment	O
that	O
would	O
explicitly	O
give	O
him	O
a	O
line	O
-	O
item	O
veto	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
enable	O
him	O
to	O
kill	O
individual	O
items	O
in	O
a	O
big	O
spending	O
bill	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
kill	O
the	O
entire	O
bill	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
argued	O
that	O
such	O
presidential	O
power	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
rein	O
in	O
congressional	O
spending	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
analysts	O
,	O
particularly	O
conservative	O
legal	O
scholars	O
,	O
have	O
urged	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
not	O
to	O
wait	O
for	O
explicit	O
authorization	O
but	O
simply	O
to	O
assert	O
that	O
the	O
Constitution	B-LAW
already	O
implicitly	O
gives	O
him	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
exercise	O
a	O
line	O
-	O
item	O
veto	O
.	O


Such	O
an	O
assertion	O
most	O
likely	O
would	O
bring	O
about	O
a	O
court	O
challenge	O
from	O
Congress	B-ORG
that	O
would	O
clarify	O
whether	O
a	O
president	O
already	O
has	O
such	O
power	O
.	O


White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
spokesman	O
Marlin	B-PERSON
Fitzwater	I-PERSON
,	O
confirming	O
comments	O
made	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
by	O
Vice	O
President	O
Dan	B-PERSON
Quayle	I-PERSON
,	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
``	O
interested	O
''	O
in	O
finding	O
a	O
suitable	O
test	O
case	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
also	O
said	O
that	O
exercising	O
a	O
test	O
line	O
-	O
item	O
veto	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
``	O
top	O
initiative	O
''	O
on	O
the	O
president	O
's	O
agenda	O
because	O
he	O
faces	O
more	O
-	O
pressing	O
budget	O
issues	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
.	O


Harris	B-PERSON
Ravine	I-PERSON
,	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
customer	O
satisfaction	O
,	O
was	O
named	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
finance	O
and	O
administration	O
of	O
this	O
maker	O
of	O
data	O
storage	O
equipment	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Ravine	B-PERSON
succeeds	O
William	B-PERSON
R.	I-PERSON
Mansfield	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
will	O
remain	O
with	O
the	O
company	O
until	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
support	O
the	O
transition	O
and	O
to	O
complete	O
important	O
projects	O
.	O


The	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
said	O
it	O
is	O
submitting	O
a	O
``	O
comprehensive	O
''	O
proposal	O
for	O
overhauling	O
agricultural	O
trade	O
that	O
could	O
help	O
break	O
an	O
impasse	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
round	O
of	O
multilateral	O
trade	O
negotiations	O
.	O


The	O
proposal	O
reiterates	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
desire	O
to	O
scrap	O
or	O
reduce	O
a	O
host	O
of	O
trade	O
-	O
distorting	O
subsidies	O
on	O
farm	O
products	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
would	O
allow	O
considerable	O
flexibility	O
in	O
determining	O
how	O
and	O
when	O
these	O
goals	O
would	O
be	O
achieved	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
plan	O
also	O
would	O
ease	O
the	O
transition	O
to	O
freer	O
agriculture	O
trade	O
by	O
allowing	O
some	O
countries	O
to	O
convert	O
non-tariff	O
barriers	O
into	O
tariffs	O
that	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
existing	O
tariffs	O
,	O
then	O
would	O
be	O
phased	O
out	O
over	O
10	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Trade	B-ORG
Representative	O
Carla	B-PERSON
Hills	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
along	O
with	O
Agriculture	B-ORG
Secretary	O
Clayton	B-PERSON
Yeutter	I-PERSON
unveiled	O
the	O
proposal	O
,	O
said	O
she	O
is	O
confident	O
it	O
will	O
gain	O
considerable	O
support	O
from	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
's	O
trading	O
partners	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Yeutter	B-PERSON
,	O
seeking	O
to	O
allay	O
European	B-NORP
objections	O
to	O
an	O
earlier	O
U.S.	B-GPE
plan	O
that	O
called	O
for	O
eliminating	O
all	O
farm	O
-	O
trade	O
barriers	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
,	O
said	O
the	O
new	O
U.S.	B-GPE
proposal	O
would	O
n't	O
``	O
put	O
farmers	O
out	O
of	O
business	O
''	O
but	O
would	O
only	O
encourage	O
them	O
to	O
``	O
grow	O
what	O
the	O
markets	O
desire	O
instead	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
government	O
wants	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
is	O
submitting	O
the	O
proposal	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
Geneva	B-GPE
,	O
hoping	O
that	O
the	O
initiative	O
will	O
spur	O
members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Agreement	I-ORG
on	I-ORG
Tariffs	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
to	O
reach	O
agreement	O
on	O
new	O
trade	O
rules	O
before	O
their	O
current	O
negotiating	O
round	O
concludes	O
in	O
December	B-DATE
1990	I-DATE
.	O


Another	O
U.S.	B-GPE
proposal	O
filed	O
Monday	B-DATE
urges	O
more	O
``	O
fair	O
play	O
''	O
in	O
services	O
trade	O
,	O
including	O
predictable	O
and	O
clear	O
rules	O
and	O
equality	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
foreign	O
and	O
domestic	O
service	O
companies	O
.	O


Unlike	O
the	O
earlier	O
U.S.	B-GPE
farm	O
-	O
trade	O
proposal	O
which	O
struck	O
European	B-NORP
countries	O
as	O
too	O
extreme	O
,	O
the	O
latest	O
plan	O
would	O
provide	O
some	O
room	O
for	O
maneuver	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
U.S.	B-GPE
package	O
makes	O
clear	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
transition	O
period	O
during	O
which	O
GATT	B-ORG
members	O
could	O
use	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
tariffs	O
and	O
quotas	O
to	O
cushion	O
their	O
farmers	O
from	O
foreign	O
competition	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
says	O
countries	O
could	O
temporarily	O
raise	O
tariffs	O
on	O
certain	O
products	O
if	O
they	O
experience	O
an	O
unusually	O
heavy	O
volume	O
of	O
imports	O
.	O


Instead	O
of	O
proposing	O
a	O
complete	O
elimination	O
of	O
farm	O
subsidies	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
earlier	O
U.S.	B-GPE
proposal	O
did	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
package	O
calls	O
for	O
the	O
elimination	O
of	O
only	O
the	O
most	O
tradedistorting	O
ones	O
.	O


Less	O
objectionable	O
ones	O
would	O
be	O
subject	O
only	O
to	O
some	O
restraints	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
with	O
a	O
``	O
relatively	O
minor	O
trade	O
impact	O
''	O
would	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
continue	O
under	O
certain	O
conditions	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
U.S.	B-GPE
plan	O
also	O
would	O
establish	O
procedures	O
to	O
prevent	O
countries	O
from	O
using	O
health	O
and	O
sanitation	O
rules	O
to	O
impede	O
trade	O
arbitrarily	O
.	O


The	O
goal	O
would	O
be	O
to	O
resolve	O
disputes	O
such	O
as	O
one	O
prompted	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
current	O
attempt	O
to	O
bar	O
imports	O
of	O
beef	O
from	O
hormone	O
-	O
treated	O
U.S.	B-GPE
cattle	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
contends	O
that	O
the	O
rules	O
are	O
n't	O
justified	O
on	O
health	O
grounds	O
.	O


To	O
encourage	O
more	O
competition	O
among	O
exporting	O
countries	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
is	O
proposing	O
that	O
export	O
subsidies	O
,	O
including	O
tax	O
incentives	O
for	O
exporters	O
,	O
be	O
phased	O
out	O
in	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-LAW
Voting	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
of	O
1965	B-DATE
was	O
enacted	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
promise	O
of	O
the	B-LAW
Fifteenth	I-LAW
Amendment	I-LAW
and	O
enable	O
Southern	B-NORP
blacks	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
polls	O
,	O
unhindered	O
by	O
literacy	O
tests	O
and	O
other	O
exclusionary	O
devices	O
.	O


Twenty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-LAW
Voting	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
has	O
been	O
transformed	O
by	O
the	O
courts	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
into	O
a	O
program	O
of	O
racial	O
gerrymandering	O
designed	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
blacks	O
and	O
other	O
minorities	O
--	O
Hispanics	B-NORP
,	O
Asians	B-NORP
and	O
native	B-NORP
Americans	I-NORP
--	O
holding	O
elective	O
office	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Justice	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
and	O
lower	O
federal	O
courts	O
that	O
enforce	O
the	B-LAW
Voting	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
have	O
required	O
state	O
legislatures	O
and	O
municipal	O
governments	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
maximum	O
number	O
of	O
``	O
safe	O
''	O
minority	O
election	O
districts	O
--	O
districts	O
where	O
minorities	O
form	O
between	B-PERCENT
65	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	I-PERCENT
80	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
voting	O
population	O
.	O


The	O
program	O
has	O
even	O
been	O
called	O
upon	O
to	O
create	O
``	O
safe	O
''	O
white	O
electoral	O
districts	O
in	O
municipalities	O
where	O
whites	O
are	O
the	O
minority	O
.	O


Although	O
Section	B-LAW
2	I-LAW
of	O
the	O
act	O
expressly	O
disclaims	O
requiring	O
that	O
minorities	O
win	O
a	O
proportional	O
share	O
of	O
elective	O
offices	O
,	O
few	O
municipal	O
and	O
state	O
government	O
plans	O
achieve	O
preclearance	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
or	O
survive	O
the	O
scrutiny	O
of	O
the	O
lower	O
federal	O
courts	O
unless	O
they	O
carve	O
out	O
as	O
many	O
solidly	O
minority	O
districts	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
goal	O
of	O
the	B-LAW
Voting	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
--	O
more	O
minorities	O
in	O
political	O
office	O
--	O
is	O
laudable	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
political	O
process	O
to	O
work	O
,	O
all	O
citizens	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
race	O
,	O
must	O
feel	O
represented	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
essential	O
indicator	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
is	O
that	O
members	O
of	O
minority	O
groups	O
get	O
elected	O
to	O
public	O
office	O
with	O
reasonable	O
frequency	O
.	O


As	O
is	O
,	O
blacks	O
constitute	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
population	O
,	O
but	O
fewer	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
elected	O
leaders	O
.	O


But	O
racial	O
gerrymandering	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
best	O
way	O
to	O
accomplish	O
that	O
essential	O
goal	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
quick	O
fix	O
for	O
a	O
complex	O
problem	O
.	O


Far	O
from	O
promoting	O
a	O
commonality	O
of	O
interests	O
among	O
black	O
,	O
white	O
,	O
Hispanic	B-NORP
and	O
other	O
minority	O
voters	O
,	O
drawing	O
the	O
district	O
lines	O
according	O
to	O
race	O
suggests	O
that	O
race	O
is	O
the	O
voter	O
's	O
and	O
the	O
candidate	O
's	O
most	O
important	O
trait	O
.	O


Such	O
a	O
policy	O
implies	O
that	O
only	O
a	O
black	O
politician	O
can	O
speak	O
for	O
a	O
black	O
person	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
only	O
a	O
white	O
politician	O
can	O
govern	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
a	O
white	O
one	O
.	O


Examples	O
of	O
the	O
divisive	O
effects	O
of	O
racial	O
gerrymandering	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
--	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
and	O
Birmingham	B-GPE
,	O
Ala	B-GPE
.	O


When	O
they	O
reapportion	O
their	O
districts	O
after	O
the	O
1990	B-DATE
census	O
,	O
every	O
other	O
municipality	O
and	O
state	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
will	O
face	O
this	O
issue	O
.	O


New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
:	I-GPE


Racial	O
gerrymandering	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
familiar	O
policy	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
since	O
1970	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
Congress	B-ORG
first	O
amended	O
the	B-LAW
Voting	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
to	O
expand	O
its	O
reach	O
beyond	O
the	O
Southern	B-NORP
states	O
.	O


In	O
1972	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
required	O
that	O
the	O
electoral	O
map	O
in	O
the	O
borough	O
of	O
Brooklyn	B-GPE
be	O
redrawn	O
to	O
concentrate	O
black	O
and	O
Hispanic	B-NORP
votes	O
,	O
despite	O
protests	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
electoral	O
boundaries	O
would	O
split	O
a	O
neighborhood	O
of	O
Hasidic	B-NORP
Jews	B-NORP
into	O
two	B-CARDINAL
different	O
districts	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
commission	O
appointed	O
by	O
the	O
mayor	O
to	O
revise	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
system	O
of	O
government	O
completed	O
a	O
new	O
charter	O
,	O
expanding	O
the	B-ORG
City	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
to	O
51	B-CARDINAL
from	O
35	B-CARDINAL
members	O
.	O


Sometime	O
in	O
1991	B-DATE
,	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
the	O
1990	B-DATE
census	O
becomes	O
available	O
,	O
a	O
redistricting	O
panel	O
will	O
redraw	O
the	O
City	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
district	O
lines	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Charter	I-ORG
Revision	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
has	O
made	O
it	O
clear	O
that	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
expectations	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
commission	O
's	O
own	O
commitment	O
to	O
enhancing	O
minority	O
political	O
leadership	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
district	O
lines	O
will	O
be	O
drawn	O
to	O
maximize	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
solidly	O
minority	O
districts	O
.	O


Blacks	O
and	O
Hispanics	B-NORP
currently	O
make	O
up	O
38	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
population	O
and	O
hold	O
only	B-PERCENT
25	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
seats	O
on	O
the	O
council	O
.	O


Several	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
black	O
leaders	O
,	O
including	O
Democratic	B-NORP
mayoral	O
nominee	O
David	B-PERSON
Dinkins	I-PERSON
,	O
have	O
spoken	O
out	O
for	O
racial	O
gerrymandering	O
to	O
accord	O
blacks	O
and	O
Hispanics	B-NORP
``	O
the	O
fullest	O
opportunity	O
for	O
representation	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
this	O
connection	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
note	O
that	O
several	O
members	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
sitting	O
City	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
represent	O
heterogeneous	O
districts	O
that	O
bring	O
together	O
sizable	O
black	O
,	O
Hispanic	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
non-Hispanic	B-NORP
white	O
populations	O
--	O
Carolyn	B-PERSON
Maloney	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
8th	B-LOC
district	I-LOC
in	O
northern	O
Manhattan	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
south	O
Bronx	B-GPE
and	O
Susan	B-PERSON
Alter	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
25th	B-LOC
district	I-LOC
in	O
Brooklyn	B-GPE
,	O
for	O
example	O
.	O


To	O
win	O
their	O
seats	O
on	O
the	O
council	O
,	O
these	O
political	O
leaders	O
have	O
had	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
voices	O
in	O
their	O
district	O
and	O
devise	O
public	O
policies	O
that	O
would	O
benefit	O
all	O
.	O


Often	O
they	O
have	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
relevant	O
issue	O
is	O
not	O
race	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
housing	O
,	O
crime	O
prevention	O
or	O
education	O
.	O


Birmingham	B-GPE
,	O
Ala.	B-GPE
:	O


The	O
unusual	O
situation	O
in	O
Birmingham	B-GPE
vividly	O
illustrates	O
the	O
divisive	O
consequences	O
of	O
carving	O
out	O
safe	O
districts	O
for	O
racial	O
minorities	O
.	O


In	O
Birmingham	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
57	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
black	O
,	O
whites	O
are	O
the	O
minority	O
.	O


Insisting	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
protected	O
by	O
the	B-LAW
Voting	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
whites	O
brought	O
a	O
federal	O
suit	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
to	O
demand	O
that	O
the	O
city	O
abandon	O
at	O
-	O
large	O
voting	O
for	O
the	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
member	O
City	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
create	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
electoral	O
districts	O
,	O
including	O
four	B-CARDINAL
safe	O
white	O
districts	O
.	O


The	O
white	O
group	O
argued	O
that	O
whites	O
were	O
not	O
fully	O
and	O
fairly	O
represented	O
,	O
because	O
in	O
city	O
-	O
wide	O
elections	O
only	O
black	O
candidates	O
or	O
white	O
candidates	O
who	O
catered	O
to	O
``	O
black	O
interests	O
''	O
could	O
win	O
.	O


No	O
federal	O
court	O
has	O
ruled	O
that	O
the	B-LAW
Voting	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
protects	O
a	O
white	O
minority	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
the	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
approved	O
a	O
districting	O
plan	O
for	O
Birmingham	B-GPE
that	O
carves	O
out	O
three	B-CARDINAL
white	O
-	O
majority	O
districts	O
and	O
six	B-CARDINAL
black	O
-	O
majority	O
districts	O
.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
Arrington	I-PERSON
,	O
Birmingham	B-GPE
's	O
black	O
mayor	O
,	O
lamented	O
the	O
consequences	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
people	O
who	O
had	O
to	O
run	O
for	O
office	O
had	O
to	O
moderate	O
their	O
views	O
because	O
they	O
could	O
n't	O
afford	O
to	O
offend	O
blacks	O
or	O
whites	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
Now	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
districts	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
likely	O
to	O
get	O
candidates	O
whose	O
views	O
are	O
more	O
extreme	O
,	O
white	O
and	O
black	O
,	O
on	O
racial	O
issues	O
.	O
''	O


Two	B-DATE
hundred	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
critics	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
United	B-LAW
States	I-LAW
Constitution	I-LAW
warned	O
that	O
the	O
electoral	O
districts	O
for	O
Congress	B-ORG
were	O
too	O
large	O
and	O
encompassed	O
too	O
many	O
different	O
economic	O
interests	O
.	O


A	O
small	O
farmer	O
and	O
a	O
seaport	O
merchant	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
represented	O
by	O
the	O
same	O
spokesman	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
.	O


But	O
James	B-PERSON
Madison	I-PERSON
refuted	O
that	O
argument	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
celebrated	O
political	O
treatises	O
ever	O
written	O
,	O
No.	B-WORK_OF_ART
10	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Federalist	I-WORK_OF_ART
Papers	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Madison	B-PERSON
explained	O
that	O
a	O
representative	O
's	O
duty	O
was	O
to	O
speak	O
not	O
for	O
the	O
narrow	O
interests	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
group	O
but	O
instead	O
for	O
the	O
common	O
good	O
.	O


Large	O
,	O
heterogeneous	O
election	O
districts	O
would	O
encourage	O
good	O
government	O
,	O
said	O
Madison	B-PERSON
,	O
because	O
a	O
representative	O
would	O
be	O
compelled	O
to	O
serve	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
all	O
his	O
constituents	O
and	O
be	O
servile	O
to	O
none	O
.	O


Madison	B-PERSON
's	O
noble	O
and	O
unifying	O
vision	O
of	O
the	O
representative	O
still	O
can	O
guide	O
us	O
.	O


As	O
long	O
as	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
all	O
Americans	B-NORP
,	O
of	O
every	O
race	O
and	O
ethnic	O
background	O
,	O
have	O
common	O
interests	O
and	O
can	O
live	O
together	O
cooperatively	O
,	O
our	O
political	O
map	O
should	O
reflect	O
our	O
belief	O
.	O


Racial	O
gerrymandering	O
--	O
creating	O
separate	O
black	O
and	O
white	O
districts	O
--	O
says	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
discarded	O
that	O
belief	O
in	O
our	O
ability	O
to	O
live	O
together	O
and	O
govern	O
ourselves	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


Ms.	O
McCaughey	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
constitutional	O
scholar	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Center	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Study	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Presidency	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
has	O
distributed	O
these	O
new	O
guidelines	O
for	O
U.S.	B-GPE
Attorneys	O
prosecuting	O
RICO	B-LAW
cases	O
.	O


A	O
related	O
editorial	O
appears	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Under	O
-LCB-	O
RICO	B-LAW
-RCB-	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
may	O
seek	O
a	O
temporary	O
restraining	O
order	O
-LRB-	O
TRO	O
-RRB-	O
upon	O
the	O
filing	O
of	O
a	O
RICO	B-LAW
indictment	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
preserve	O
all	O
forfeitable	O
assets	O
until	O
the	O
trial	O
is	O
completed	O
and	O
judgment	O
entered	O
.	O


Such	O
orders	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
wide	O
-	O
ranging	O
impact	O
on	O
third	B-ORDINAL
parties	O
who	O
do	O
business	O
with	O
the	O
defendants	O
,	O
including	O
clients	O
,	O
vendors	O
,	O
banks	O
,	O
investors	O
,	O
creditors	O
,	O
dependents	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O


Some	O
highly	O
publicized	O
cases	O
involving	O
RICO	B-LAW
TROs	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
considerable	O
criticism	O
in	O
the	O
press	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
perception	O
that	O
pre-trial	O
freezing	O
of	O
assets	O
is	O
tantamount	O
to	O
a	O
seizure	O
of	O
property	O
without	O
due	O
process	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
all	O
interested	O
parties	O
are	O
protected	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Criminal	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
has	O
instituted	O
the	O
following	O
requirements	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
TROs	O
in	O
RICO	B-LAW
prosecutions	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
It	O
should	O
be	O
noted	O
that	O
these	O
requirements	O
are	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
any	O
other	O
existing	O
requirements	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
review	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Asset	I-ORG
Forfeiture	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
.	O
-RRB-	O
:	O


1	B-CARDINAL
.	O
As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
approval	O
process	O
for	O
RICO	B-LAW
prosecutions	O
,	O
the	O
prosecutor	O
must	O
submit	O
any	O
proposed	O
forfeiture	O
TRO	O
for	O
review	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Organized	I-ORG
Crime	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Racketeering	I-ORG
Section	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
prosecutor	O
must	O
show	O
that	O
less	O
-	O
intrusive	O
remedies	O
-LRB-	O
such	O
as	O
bonds	O
-RRB-	O
are	O
not	O
likely	O
to	O
preserve	O
the	O
assets	O
for	O
forfeiture	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
a	O
conviction	O
.	O


2	B-CARDINAL
.	O
In	O
seeking	O
approval	O
of	O
a	O
TRO	O
,	O
the	O
prosecutor	O
must	O
articulate	O
any	O
anticipated	O
impact	O
that	O
forfeiture	O
and	O
the	O
TRO	O
would	O
have	O
on	O
innocent	O
third	B-ORDINAL
parties	O
,	O
balanced	O
against	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
need	O
to	O
preserve	O
the	O
assets	O
.	O


3	B-CARDINAL
.	O
In	O
deciding	O
whether	O
forfeiture	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
,	O
hence	O
,	O
a	O
TRO	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
appropriate	O
,	O
the	O
Section	B-ORG
will	O
consider	O
the	O
nature	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
offense	O
;	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
policy	O
is	O
not	O
to	O
seek	O
the	O
fullest	O
forfeiture	O
permissible	O
under	O
the	O
law	O
where	O
that	O
forfeiture	O
would	O
be	O
disproportionate	O
to	O
the	O
defendant	O
's	O
crime	O
.	O


4	B-CARDINAL
.	O
When	O
a	O
RICO	B-LAW
TRO	O
is	O
being	O
sought	O
,	O
the	O
prosecutor	O
is	O
required	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
earliest	O
appropriate	O
time	O
,	O
to	O
state	O
publicly	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
request	O
for	O
a	O
TRO	O
,	O
and	O
eventual	O
forfeiture	O
,	O
is	O
made	O
in	O
full	O
recognition	O
of	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
third	B-ORDINAL
parties	O
--	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
in	O
requesting	O
the	O
TRO	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
will	O
not	O
seek	O
to	O
disrupt	O
the	O
normal	O
,	O
legitimate	O
business	O
activities	O
of	O
the	O
defendant	O
;	O
will	O
not	O
seek	O
through	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
relation	O
-	O
back	O
doctrine	O
to	O
take	O
from	O
third	B-ORDINAL
parties	O
assets	O
legitimately	O
transferred	O
to	O
them	O
;	O
will	O
not	O
seek	O
to	O
vitiate	O
legitimate	O
business	O
transactions	O
occurring	O
between	O
the	O
defendant	O
and	O
third	B-ORDINAL
parties	O
;	O
and	O
will	O
,	O
in	O
all	O
other	O
respects	O
,	O
assist	O
the	O
court	O
in	O
ensuring	O
that	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
third	B-ORDINAL
parties	O
are	O
protected	O
,	O
through	O
proceeding	O
under	O
-LCB-	O
RICO	B-LAW
-RCB-	O
and	O
otherwise	O
.	O


The	O
Division	B-ORG
expects	O
that	O
the	O
prosecutor	O
will	O
announce	O
these	O
principles	O
either	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
indictment	O
is	O
returned	O
or	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
latest	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
first	O
proceeding	O
before	O
the	O
court	O
concerning	O
the	O
TRO	O
.	O


Sales	O
of	O
North	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
-	O
built	O
cars	O
and	O
trucks	O
plunged	O
20.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
mid-October	B-DATE
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
,	O
as	O
domestic	O
manufacturers	O
paid	O
the	O
price	O
for	O
heavy	O
incentives	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
People	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
-LCB-	O
new	O
-RCB-	O
factory	O
giveaways	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Ben	B-PERSON
Kaye	I-PERSON
,	O
sales	O
manager	O
of	O
Bob	B-ORG
Brest	I-ORG
Auto	I-ORG
World	I-ORG
in	O
Lynn	B-GPE
,	O
Mass.	B-GPE
,	O
whose	O
sales	O
are	O
slow	O
.	O


This	O
trend	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
especially	O
true	O
at	O
General	B-ORG
Motors	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
used	O
both	O
dealer	O
and	O
consumer	O
incentives	O
to	O
ignite	O
sales	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
and	O
September	B-DATE
.	O


Since	O
then	O
,	O
deliveries	O
have	O
slumped	O
.	O


GM	B-ORG
's	O
car	O
sales	O
dropped	O
24.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
mid-October	B-DATE
to	O
69,980	B-CARDINAL
,	O
while	O
truck	O
sales	O
fell	O
26	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
37,860	B-CARDINAL
.	O


GM	B-ORG
also	O
had	O
dismal	O
results	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
while	O
other	O
auto	O
makers	O
reported	O
mixed	O
results	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
the	O
Big	O
Three	B-CARDINAL
suffered	O
in	O
the	O
just	O
-	O
ended	O
period	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
with	O
sales	O
of	O
all	O
domestically	O
made	O
cars	O
,	O
including	O
those	O
built	O
at	O
Japanese	B-NORP
-	O
managed	O
plants	O
,	O
falling	O
19	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
158,863	B-CARDINAL
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
seasonal	B-DATE
adjusted	O
annual	B-DATE
selling	O
rate	O
was	O
six	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
vehicles	O
,	O
a	O
small	O
improvement	O
from	O
the	O
5.8	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
rate	O
of	O
early	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
a	O
big	O
drop	O
from	O
the	O
7.1	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
rate	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Sales	O
of	O
domestically	O
made	O
trucks	O
also	O
continued	O
to	O
be	O
sluggish	O
in	O
mid-October	B-DATE
,	O
dropping	O
22.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
94,543	B-CARDINAL
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Big	O
Three	B-CARDINAL
auto	O
makers	O
already	O
have	O
slashed	O
fourth	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
production	O
plans	O
10.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
below	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
levels	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
enough	O
to	O
prevent	O
inventories	O
from	O
ballooning	O
if	O
sales	O
do	O
n't	O
improve	O
.	O


Industry	O
analyst	O
John	B-PERSON
H.	I-PERSON
Qualls	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
vice	O
president	O
with	O
Hill	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Knowlton	I-ORG
in	O
St.	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE
,	O
forecasts	O
that	O
domestic	O
auto	O
makers	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
93	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
supply	O
of	O
cars	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
even	O
if	O
car	O
sales	O
improve	O
to	O
a	O
6.5	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
vehicle	O
rate	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O


Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
reported	O
a	O
21.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
drop	O
in	O
sales	O
of	O
domestic	O
-	O
made	O
cars	O
to	O
46,995	B-CARDINAL
and	O
a	O
24.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
drop	O
in	O
domestic	O
trucks	O
to	O
31,143	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
sales	O
are	O
being	O
dragged	O
down	O
by	O
a	O
glut	O
of	O
1989	B-DATE
vehicles	O
,	O
said	O
Joel	B-PERSON
Pitcoff	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Ford	B-ORG
analyst	O
.	O


The	O
earlier	O
use	O
of	O
incentives	O
depleted	O
the	O
market	O
of	O
``	O
scavengers	O
''	O
for	O
bargain	O
-	O
basement	O
1989	B-DATE
cars	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Town	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Country	I-ORG
Ford	I-ORG
in	O
Charlotte	B-GPE
,	O
N.C.	B-GPE
,	O
still	O
needs	O
to	O
move	O
about	B-CARDINAL
850	I-CARDINAL
1989	B-DATE
cars	O
and	O
trucks	O
.	O


Business	O
had	O
been	O
fairly	O
strong	O
until	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
hit	O
the	O
area	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
been	O
down	O
since	O
.	O


Chrysler	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
also	O
hit	O
the	O
rocks	O
in	O
mid-October	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
No.	O
3	B-CARDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
auto	O
maker	O
had	O
a	O
23.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
plunge	O
in	O
car	O
sales	O
to	O
22,336	B-CARDINAL
and	O
a	O
17.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
drop	O
in	O
truck	O
sales	O
to	O
22,925	B-CARDINAL
,	O
which	O
include	O
its	O
minivans	O
and	O
Jeeps	B-PRODUCT
.	O


Honda	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
continues	O
to	O
have	O
short	O
supplies	O
of	O
domestically	O
made	O
Accords	B-ORG
,	O
saw	O
its	O
sales	O
of	O
North	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
-	O
built	O
cars	O
fall	O
14.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
8,355	B-CARDINAL
.	O


But	O
sales	O
of	O
domestic	O
cars	O
and	O
trucks	O
at	O
Nissan	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
rose	O
26.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
5,651	B-CARDINAL
.	O


A	O
Nissan	B-ORG
spokesman	O
attributed	O
the	O
increase	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
incentives	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
not	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
and	O
to	O
higher	O
fleet	O
sales	O
.	O


Toyota	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
opened	O
a	O
plant	O
in	O
Georgetown	B-GPE
,	O
Ky.	B-GPE
,	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
saw	O
sales	O
triple	O
to	O
6,256	B-CARDINAL
vehicles	O
.	O


a	O
-	O
Totals	O
include	O
only	O
vehicle	O
sales	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
period	O
.	O


c	O
-	O
Domestic	O
car	O


d	O
-	O
Percent	O
change	O
greater	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
999	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


x	O
-	O
There	O
were	O
9	B-DATE
selling	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
period	O
and	O
9	B-CARDINAL
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


Percentage	O
differences	O
based	O
on	O
daily	B-DATE
sales	O
rate	O
rather	O
than	O
sales	O
volume	O
.	O


Short	O
interest	O
in	O
Nasdaq	B-ORG
over	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
counter	O
stocks	O
rose	O
6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
as	O
of	O
mid-October	B-DATE
,	O
its	O
biggest	O
jump	O
since	O
6.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
last	B-DATE
April	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
most	O
recent	O
OTC	O
short	O
interest	O
statistics	O
were	O
compiled	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
the	O
Nasdaq	B-ORG
composite	O
index	O
slid	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
tumbled	O
7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
coincidence	O
might	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
conclusion	O
that	O
short	O
-	O
sellers	O
bet	O
heavily	O
on	O
that	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
that	O
OTC	O
stocks	O
would	O
decline	O
further	O
.	O


As	O
it	O
happens	O
,	O
the	O
Nasdaq	B-ORG
composite	O
did	O
continue	O
to	O
fall	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
initial	O
plunge	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
short	O
interest	O
figures	O
reported	O
by	O
brokerage	O
and	O
securities	O
clearing	O
firms	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Dealers	I-ORG
include	O
only	O
those	O
trades	O
completed	O
,	O
or	O
settled	O
,	O
by	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
,	O
rather	O
than	O
trades	O
that	O
occurred	O
on	O
that	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
Gene	B-PERSON
Finn	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
economist	O
for	O
the	O
NASD	B-ORG
.	O


Generally	O
,	O
it	O
takes	O
five	B-DATE
business	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
to	O
transfer	O
stock	O
and	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
other	O
steps	O
necessary	O
to	O
settle	O
a	O
trade	O
.	O


The	O
total	O
short	O
interest	O
in	O
Nasdaq	B-ORG
stocks	O
as	O
of	O
mid-October	B-DATE
was	O
237.1	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
,	O
up	O
from	O
223.7	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
in	O
September	B-DATE
but	O
well	O
below	O
the	O
record	O
level	O
of	O
279	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
established	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
1987	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
sharp	O
rise	O
in	O
OTC	O
short	O
interest	O
compares	O
with	O
the	O
4.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
decline	O
in	O
short	O
interest	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
rise	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
during	O
the	O
September	B-DATE
-	O
October	O
period	O
.	O


Generally	O
,	O
a	O
short	O
seller	O
expects	O
a	O
fall	O
in	O
a	O
stock	O
's	O
price	O
and	O
aims	O
to	O
profit	O
by	O
selling	O
borrowed	O
shares	O
that	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
replaced	O
later	O
;	O
the	O
short	O
seller	O
hopes	O
the	O
replacement	O
shares	O
bought	O
later	O
will	O
cost	O
less	O
than	O
those	O
that	O
were	O
sold	O
.	O


Short	O
interest	O
,	O
which	O
represents	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
shares	O
borrowed	O
and	O
sold	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
yet	O
replaced	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
bad	O
-	O
expectations	O
barometer	O
for	O
many	O
stocks	O
.	O


Among	O
2,412	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
largest	O
OTC	O
issues	O
,	O
short	O
interest	O
rose	O
to	O
196.8	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
,	O
from	O
185.7	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
in	O
2,379	B-CARDINAL
stocks	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
.	O


Big	O
stocks	O
with	O
large	O
short	O
interest	O
gains	O
as	O
of	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
included	O
First	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
,	O
Intel	B-ORG
,	O
Campeau	B-ORG
and	O
LIN	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
.	O


Short	O
interest	O
in	O
First	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
insurance	O
issue	O
,	O
rose	O
55	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
3.8	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Intel	B-ORG
's	O
short	O
interest	O
jumped	O
42	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
while	O
Campeau	B-ORG
's	O
increased	O
62	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Intel	B-ORG
makes	O
semiconductors	O
and	O
Campeau	B-ORG
operates	O
department	O
-	O
store	O
chains	O
and	O
is	O
strained	O
for	O
cash	O
.	O


Meritor	B-ORG
Savings	I-ORG
again	O
had	O
the	O
dubious	O
honor	O
of	O
being	O
the	O
OTC	O
stock	O
with	O
the	O
biggest	O
short	O
interest	O
position	O
on	O
Nasdaq	O
.	O


Meritor	B-ORG
has	O
headed	O
the	O
list	O
since	O
May	B-DATE
.	O


First	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
and	O
troubled	O
Valley	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	O
Arizona	B-GPE
were	O
next	O
in	O
line	O
.	O


Short	O
selling	O
is	O
n't	O
necessarily	O
bad	O
for	O
the	O
overall	O
market	O
.	O


Shorted	O
shares	O
must	O
eventually	O
be	O
replaced	O
through	O
buying	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
changes	O
in	O
short	O
interest	O
in	O
some	O
stocks	O
may	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
arbitrage	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
an	O
investor	O
may	O
seek	O
to	O
profit	O
during	O
some	O
takeover	O
situations	O
by	O
buying	O
stock	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
company	O
involved	O
and	O
shorting	O
the	O
stock	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
big	O
stocks	O
involved	O
in	O
takeover	O
activity	O
saw	O
their	O
short	O
interest	O
surge	O
.	O


Short	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
depositary	O
receipts	O
of	O
Jaguar	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
target	O
of	O
both	O
Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
and	O
General	B-ORG
Motors	I-ORG
,	O
more	O
than	O
doubled	O
.	O


Nasdaq	B-ORG
stocks	O
that	O
showed	O
a	O
drop	O
in	O
short	O
interest	O
included	O
Adobe	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
,	O
Class	O
A	O
shares	O
of	O
Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
and	O
takeover	O
targets	O
Lyphomed	B-ORG
and	O
Jerrico	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
NASD	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
operates	O
the	O
Nasdaq	B-ORG
computer	O
system	O
on	O
which	O
5,200	B-CARDINAL
OTC	O
issues	O
trade	O
,	O
compiles	O
short	O
interest	O
data	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
categories	O
:	O
the	O
approximately	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
generally	O
biggest	O
,	O
Nasdaq	B-ORG
stocks	O
that	O
trade	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Market	I-ORG
System	I-ORG
;	O
and	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
generally	O
smaller	O
,	O
Nasdaq	B-ORG
stocks	O
that	O
are	O
n't	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
.	O


Short	O
interest	O
in	O
1,327	B-CARDINAL
non-NMS	B-ORG
securities	O
totaled	O
40.3	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
almost	B-CARDINAL
38	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
in	O
1,310	B-CARDINAL
issues	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
October	B-DATE
short	O
interest	O
represents	O
1.04	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
average	O
daily	B-DATE
trading	O
volume	O
in	O
the	O
smaller	O
stocks	O
in	O
the	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
reporting	O
period	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
0.94	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Among	O
bigger	O
OTC	O
stocks	O
,	O
the	O
figures	O
represent	O
2.05	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
average	O
daily	B-DATE
volume	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
2.14	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	O
September	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
adjacent	O
tables	O
show	O
the	O
issues	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
short	O
interest	O
position	O
of	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
50,000	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
existed	O
as	O
of	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
or	O
in	O
which	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
short	O
position	O
change	O
of	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
25,000	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
since	O
Sept.	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
-LRB-	O
see	O
accompanying	O
tables	O
--	O
WSJ	O
Oct.	B-DATE
25	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
Sept.	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
Oct	I-DATE
.	I-DATE
4	I-DATE
issue	O
of	O
The	B-ORG
Economist	I-ORG
:	O


What	O
defeated	O
General	O
Aoun	B-PERSON
was	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
weight	O
of	O
the	O
Syrian	B-NORP
army	O
.	O


The	O
weight	O
of	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
's	O
history	O
was	O
also	O
against	O
him	O
;	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
history	O
Israel	B-GPE
is	O
in	O
danger	O
of	O
repeating	O
.	O


Like	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
however	O
unfairly	O
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
is	O
regarded	O
by	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
world	O
as	O
a	O
colonial	O
aberration	O
.	O


Its	O
best	O
hope	O
of	O
acceptance	O
by	O
its	O
neighbours	O
lies	O
in	O
reaching	O
a	O
settlement	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O


Like	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
is	O
being	O
remade	O
by	O
demography	O
.	O


In	O
Greater	B-GPE
Israel	I-GPE
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
the	O
children	O
under	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
are	O
Muslims	B-NORP
.	O


Within	O
25	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
Jews	B-NORP
will	O
probably	O
be	O
the	O
minority	O
.	O


Yet	O
Israel	B-GPE
will	O
neither	O
share	O
power	O
with	O
all	O
these	O
Arabs	B-NORP
nor	O
,	O
says	O
its	O
present	O
prime	O
minister	O
,	O
redraw	O
its	O
borders	O
closer	O
to	O
its	O
pre-1967	B-DATE
Jewish	B-NORP
heartland	O
.	O


By	O
not	O
choosing	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
these	O
options	O
,	O
Israelis	B-NORP
will	O
condemn	O
themselves	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Maronites	B-NORP
did	O
,	O
to	O
perpetual	O
war	O
with	O
the	O
Muslims	B-NORP
in	O
their	O
midst	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
to	O
the	O
internal	O
erosion	O
of	O
their	O
state	O
.	O


Unlike	O
the	O
Maronites	B-NORP
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Jews	B-NORP
will	O
not	O
let	O
themselves	O
become	O
the	O
weakest	O
force	O
in	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
private	O
armies	O
;	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
will	O
become	O
Belfast	B-GPE
before	O
it	O
becomes	O
Beirut	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
much	O
of	O
a	O
consolation	O
to	O
draw	O
from	O
the	O
failure	O
of	O
General	O
Aoun	B-PERSON
.	O


Probably	O
the	O
most	O
clear	O
-	O
cut	O
Soviet	B-NORP
violation	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
Krasnoyarsk	B-GPE
radar	O
.	O


--	O
``	O
Arms	B-WORK_OF_ART
Control	I-WORK_OF_ART
Reality	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
Nov.	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1984	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
some	B-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
Journal	B-ORG
editorials	O
saying	O
that	O
Krasnoyarsk	B-GPE
violated	O
the	O
ABM	B-LAW
treaty	O
.	O


--	O
``	O
Whether	O
the	O
installation	O
is	O
for	O
early	O
warning	O
or	O
space	O
track	O
,	O
it	O
clearly	O
is	O
not	O
deployed	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
lawmakers	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
Thus	O
we	O
judge	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
not	O
a	O
violation	O
of	O
the	O
ABM	B-LAW
treaty	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
delegation	O
included	O
a	O
reporter	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
,	O
aides	O
to	O
Sen.	O
Edward	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Kennedy	I-PERSON
and	O
Rep.	O
Les	B-PERSON
AuCoin	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Natural	B-ORG
Resources	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
staff	O
members	O
.	O


--	O
The	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
,	O
Sept.	B-DATE
9	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1987	I-DATE
.	O


--	O
The	O
U.S.S.R.	B-GPE
has	O
taken	O
unprecedented	O
unilateral	O
measures	O
of	O
openness	O
,	O
by	O
giving	O
American	B-NORP
representatives	O
a	O
possibility	O
to	O
inspect	O
the	O
building	O
site	O
of	O
the	O
Krasnoyarsk	B-GPE
radar	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
radar	O
vans	O
in	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
Gomel	B-GPE
and	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
see	O
for	O
themselves	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
violations	O
of	O
the	O
ABM	B-LAW
treaty	O
of	O
1972	B-DATE
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
.	O


--	O
Letter	O
from	O
Eduard	B-PERSON
Shevardnadze	I-PERSON
to	O
U.N.	B-ORG
Secretary	O
-	O
General	O
Perez	B-PERSON
de	I-PERSON
Cuellar	I-PERSON
,	O
reported	O
in	O
Tass	B-ORG
,	O
June	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


--	O
The	O
construction	O
of	O
this	O
station	O
equal	O
in	O
size	O
to	O
the	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
pyramids	O
constituted	O
,	O
I	O
say	O
it	O
directly	O
,	O
a	O
clear	O
violation	O
of	O
ABM	B-LAW
.	O


--	O
Eduard	B-PERSON
Shevardnadze	I-PERSON
,	O
Oct.	B-DATE
23	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
.	O


We	O
're	O
happy	O
,	O
we	O
guess	O
,	O
to	O
receive	O
confirmation	O
of	O
the	O
Krasnoyarsk	B-GPE
violation	O
from	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
,	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
we	O
started	O
writing	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
even	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
apologists	O
will	O
now	O
accede	O
.	O


Without	O
question	O
,	O
something	O
intriguing	O
is	O
going	O
on	O
in	O
the	O
policy	O
chambers	O
of	O
the	O
Politburo	B-ORG
.	O


As	O
it	O
bids	O
for	O
new	O
agreements	O
,	O
new	O
loans	O
and	O
indeed	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
civilized	O
world	O
,	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
recognized	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
credibility	O
problem	O
.	O


So	O
after	O
70	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
is	O
confessing	O
the	O
obvious	O
,	O
hoping	O
to	O
be	O
believed	O
about	O
other	O
things	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
enough	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
want	O
to	O
be	O
believed	O
,	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
start	O
telling	O
the	O
truth	O
about	O
more	O
than	O
the	O
totally	O
obvious	O
.	O


Our	O
own	O
test	O
of	O
``	O
glasnost	O
's	O
''	O
authenticity	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
Soviet	B-NORP
decision	O
to	O
open	O
itself	O
to	O
a	O
complete	O
international	O
examination	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
troubling	O
mysteries	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
Soviet	O
relations	O
--	O
the	O
reported	O
1979	B-DATE
anthrax	O
outbreak	O
at	O
a	O
Soviet	B-NORP
military	O
facility	O
in	O
Sverdlovsk	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
government	O
has	O
never	O
waivered	O
in	O
its	O
assessment	O
of	O
this	O
incident	O
as	O
an	O
accident	O
at	O
a	O
biological	O
weapons	O
facility	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
hence	O
a	O
violation	O
of	O
the	O
1972	B-DATE
Biological	B-LAW
Weapons	I-LAW
Convention	I-LAW
.	O


The	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
's	O
recently	O
issued	O
``	O
Soviet	B-WORK_OF_ART
Military	I-WORK_OF_ART
Power	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
though	O
in	O
general	O
adopting	O
a	O
softer	O
line	O
,	O
repeated	O
the	O
Sverdlovsk	B-GPE
assessment	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
was	O
detailed	O
in	O
Congressional	B-ORG
testimony	O
this	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
February	I-DATE
:	O
An	O
explosion	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Microbiology	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Virology	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
in	O
Sverdlovsk	B-GPE
released	O
anthrax	O
germs	O
that	O
caused	O
a	O
significant	O
number	O
of	O
deaths	O
.	O


Since	O
Mr.	O
Shevardnadze	B-PERSON
did	O
not	O
address	O
this	O
topic	O
before	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Soviet	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
official	O
position	O
remains	O
that	O
the	O
anthrax	O
deaths	O
were	O
caused	O
by	O
tainted	O
meat	O
.	O


We	O
doubt	O
this	O
claim	O
just	O
as	O
we	O
doubted	O
Mr.	O
Shevardnadze	B-PERSON
's	O
assurance	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
that	O
Krasnoyarsk	B-GPE
did	O
n't	O
violate	O
the	O
ABM	B-LAW
treaty	O
.	O


And	O
just	O
as	O
we	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
the	O
tendentious	O
claims	O
of	O
the	O
Congressmen	O
and	O
arms	O
-	O
control	O
advocates	O
who	O
visited	O
Krasnoyarsk	B-GPE
,	O
we	O
are	O
in	O
no	O
way	O
persuaded	O
by	O
the	O
assent	O
to	O
the	O
tainted	O
-	O
meat	O
theory	O
by	O
a	O
U.S.	B-GPE
team	O
of	O
scientists	O
who	O
met	O
with	O
Soviet	B-NORP
counterparts	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Soviets	B-NORP
'	O
explanation	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
anthrax	O
came	O
from	O
one	B-CARDINAL
lot	O
of	O
animal	O
feed	O
made	O
from	O
the	O
bones	O
of	O
cattle	O
that	O
grazed	O
on	O
soil	O
that	O
was	O
naturally	O
infected	O
with	O
anthrax	O
spores	O
.	O


Harvard	B-ORG
's	O
Matthew	B-PERSON
Meselson	I-PERSON
--	O
who	O
we	O
read	O
has	O
sold	O
something	O
called	O
the	O
``	O
scientific	O
community	O
''	O
on	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
``	O
yellow	O
rain	O
''	O
attacks	O
on	O
the	O
Laotian	B-NORP
Hmong	B-NORP
were	O
in	O
fact	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
fecal	O
showers	O
by	O
giant	O
bees	O
--	O
found	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
anthrax	O
scenario	O
``	O
completely	O
plausible	O
.	O
''	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
certainly	O
do	O
not	O
believe	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
or	O
any	O
of	O
his	O
emissaries	O
yet	O
deserve	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
West	O
take	O
their	O
word	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


Sverdlovsk	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
large	O
gray	O
cloud	O
over	O
glasnost	O
and	O
indeed	O
over	O
the	O
legitimacy	O
of	O
the	O
arms	O
-	O
control	O
process	O
itself	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
government	O
's	O
Sverdlovsk	B-GPE
complaint	O
,	O
as	O
with	O
Krasnoyarsk	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
no	O
mere	O
political	O
posturing	O
.	O


Biological	O
weapons	O
violations	O
have	O
figured	O
little	O
in	O
political	O
debate	O
,	O
and	O
indeed	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
pressed	O
vigorously	O
enough	O
by	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
government	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
stated	O
U.S.	B-GPE
position	O
is	O
detailed	O
and	O
specific	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
prospect	O
of	O
biological	O
warfare	O
is	O
profoundly	O
chilling	O
.	O


The	O
Soviets	B-NORP
should	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
set	O
in	O
motion	O
a	O
process	O
that	O
would	O
allow	O
them	O
to	O
acknowledge	O
that	O
Sverdlovsk	B-GPE
violated	O
the	O
1972	B-DATE
agreement	O
or	O
,	O
alternatively	O
,	O
that	O
would	O
give	O
U.S.	B-GPE
specialists	O
reasonable	O
confidence	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
wholly	O
civilian	O
accident	O
.	O


Until	O
that	O
happens	O
,	O
glasnost	O
can	O
not	O
begin	O
to	O
deserve	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
credibility	O
Mr.	O
Shevardnadze	B-PERSON
was	O
bidding	O
for	O
with	O
his	O
confessions	O
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


Northeast	B-ORG
Utilities	I-ORG
raised	O
its	O
bid	O
for	O
Public	B-ORG
Service	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
Hampshire	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
operating	O
under	O
Bankruptcy	B-LAW
Code	I-LAW
protection	O
,	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
2.25	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
from	O
$	B-MONEY
1.85	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Northeast	B-ORG
's	O
raised	O
bid	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
supported	O
by	O
PS	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
Hampshire	I-ORG
's	O
official	O
shareholder	O
committee	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
prelude	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
round	O
of	O
higher	O
bids	O
by	O
the	O
other	O
groups	O
trying	O
to	O
acquire	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
the	O
largest	O
utility	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Hampshire	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
$	B-MONEY
2.25	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
value	O
claimed	O
by	O
Northeast	B-ORG
,	O
based	O
in	O
Hartford	B-GPE
,	O
Conn.	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
the	O
highest	O
yet	O
given	O
to	O
a	O
bid	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
other	O
bidding	O
groups	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
increase	O
their	O
offers	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
date	O
set	O
for	O
revised	O
offers	O
by	O
a	O
bankruptcy	O
court	O
judge	O
.	O


A	O
hearing	O
is	O
set	O
for	O
Nov.	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
participants	O
do	O
n't	O
expect	O
a	O
resolution	O
until	O
July	B-DATE
1990	I-DATE
.	O


Under	O
the	O
new	O
Northeast	B-ORG
Utilities	I-ORG
plan	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
pay	O
$	B-MONEY
1.65	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
cash	O
to	O
creditors	O
and	O
assume	O
$	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
pollution	O
control	O
bonds	O
.	O


Secured	O
creditors	O
would	O
recover	O
both	O
principal	O
and	O
interest	O
,	O
while	O
unsecured	O
creditors	O
would	O
receive	O
only	O
principal	O
and	O
interest	O
accrued	O
before	O
PS	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
Hampshire	I-ORG
filed	O
for	O
Bankruptcy	B-LAW
Code	I-LAW
protection	O
in	O
January	B-DATE


The	O
biggest	O
change	O
in	O
Northeast	B-ORG
's	O
offer	O
was	O
in	O
improvements	O
made	O
for	O
equity	O
holders	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
given	O
short	O
shrift	O
previously	O
.	O


Assuming	O
full	O
operation	O
of	O
the	O
Seabrook	B-FAC
nuclear	O
power	O
plant	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
completed	O
but	O
is	O
n't	O
yet	O
operating	O
,	O
equity	O
holders	O
would	O
receive	O
up	B-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
cash	O
,	O
preferred	O
stock	O
and	O
new	O
10	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
Seabrook	B-FAC
bonds	O
.	O


Northeast	B-ORG
's	O
previous	O
offer	O
had	O
proposed	O
that	O
equity	O
holders	O
receive	O
just	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
165	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
Northeast	B-ORG
promised	O
the	B-GPE
State	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
New	I-GPE
Hampshire	I-GPE
that	O
rate	O
increases	O
would	O
be	O
limited	O
to	O
5.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
annually	O
for	O
seven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Its	O
previous	O
proposal	O
had	O
conditioned	O
rate	O
limits	O
on	O
Seabrook	B-FAC
operations	O
and	O
other	O
contingencies	O
.	O


Wilbur	B-PERSON
Ross	I-PERSON
,	O
financial	O
adviser	O
to	O
the	O
equity	O
holders	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Given	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
strong	O
bargaining	O
position	O
...	O
we	O
believe	O
the	O
NU	B-ORG
plan	O
provides	O
the	O
best	O
recovery	O
available	O
''	O
to	O
PS	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
Hampshire	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
equity	O
holders	O
.	O


Officials	O
of	O
PS	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
Hampshire	I-ORG
could	O
n't	O
be	O
reached	O
for	O
comment	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
has	O
filed	O
an	O
internal	O
reorganization	O
plan	O
it	O
valued	O
at	O
$	B-MONEY
2.2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
that	O
would	O
require	O
5.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
rate	O
increases	O
.	O


That	O
plan	O
would	O
leave	O
existing	O
preferred	O
shareholders	O
with	O
at	O
least	O
a	O
41	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
and	O
give	O
common	O
shareholders	O
as	B-PERCENT
little	I-PERCENT
as	I-PERCENT
13	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


New	B-ORG
England	I-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
System	I-ORG
,	O
Westborough	B-GPE
,	O
Mass.	B-GPE
,	O
has	O
proposed	O
buying	O
the	O
company	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
plan	O
that	O
would	O
require	O
rate	O
increases	O
of	O
only	B-PERCENT
4.8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
annually	B-DATE
for	O
seven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
state	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
Hampshire	I-GPE
has	O
favored	O
that	O
plan	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
bidder	O
is	O
United	B-ORG
Illuminating	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
Haven	I-GPE
,	O
Conn.	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
a	O
bid	O
valued	O
at	O
$	B-MONEY
2.2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
and	O
and	O
a	O
proposal	O
for	O
seven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
5.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
rate	O
increases	O
.	O


The	O
Polish	B-NORP
rat	O
will	O
eat	O
well	O
this	B-DATE
winter	I-DATE
.	O


Tons	B-QUANTITY
of	O
delectably	O
rotting	O
potatoes	O
,	O
barley	O
and	O
wheat	O
will	O
fill	O
damp	O
barns	O
across	O
the	O
land	O
as	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
farmers	O
turn	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
buyers	O
away	O
.	O


Many	O
a	O
piglet	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
born	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
a	O
ham	O
will	O
never	O
hang	O
in	O
a	O
butcher	O
shop	O
.	O


But	O
with	O
inflation	O
raging	O
,	O
grain	O
in	O
the	O
barn	O
will	O
still	O
be	O
a	O
safer	O
bet	O
for	O
the	O
private	O
farmer	O
than	O
money	O
in	O
the	O
bank	O
.	O


Once	O
again	O
,	O
the	O
indomitable	O
peasant	O
holds	O
Poland	B-GPE
's	O
future	O
in	O
his	O
hands	O
.	O


Until	O
his	O
labor	O
can	O
produce	O
a	O
profit	O
in	O
this	O
dying	O
and	O
distorted	O
system	O
,	O
even	O
Solidarity	B-ORG
's	O
sympathetic	O
new	O
government	O
wo	O
n't	O
win	O
him	O
over	O
.	O


In	O
coming	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
emergency	O
food	O
aid	O
moving	O
in	O
from	O
the	O
West	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
buffer	O
between	O
a	O
meat	O
-	O
hungry	O
public	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
political	O
calamity	O
.	O


Factory	O
workers	O
on	O
strike	O
knocked	O
Poland	B-GPE
's	O
Communist	B-NORP
bosses	O
off	O
balance	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
farmers	O
who	O
brought	O
them	O
down	O
.	O


In	O
June	B-DATE
,	O
farmers	O
held	O
onto	O
meat	O
,	O
milk	O
and	O
grain	O
,	O
waiting	O
for	O
July	B-DATE
's	O
usual	O
state	O
-	O
directed	O
price	O
rises	O
.	O


The	O
Communists	B-NORP
froze	O
prices	O
instead	O
.	O


The	O
farmers	O
ran	O
a	O
boycott	O
,	O
and	O
meat	O
disappeared	O
from	O
the	O
shops	O
.	O


On	O
Aug.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
state	O
tore	O
up	O
its	O
controls	O
,	O
and	O
food	O
prices	O
leaped	O
.	O


Without	O
buffer	O
stocks	O
,	O
inflation	O
exploded	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
when	O
the	O
tame	O
old	O
Peasants	B-ORG
'	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
desperate	O
to	O
live	O
through	O
the	O
crisis	O
,	O
broke	O
ranks	O
with	O
the	O
Communists	B-NORP
and	O
joined	O
with	O
Solidarity	B-ORG
in	O
the	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
Bloc	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
first	O
liberated	O
government	O
.	O


But	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
Solidarity	B-ORG
took	O
office	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
damage	O
was	O
done	O
.	O


``	O
Shortageflation	O
,	O
''	O
as	O
economists	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
call	O
it	O
,	O
had	O
gone	O
hyper	O
.	O


The	O
cost	O
of	O
raising	O
a	O
pig	O
kept	O
bounding	O
ahead	O
of	O
the	O
return	O
for	O
selling	O
one	O
.	O


The	O
farmers	O
stayed	O
angry	O
.	O


They	O
still	O
are	O
.	O


At	O
dawn	B-TIME
on	O
a	B-DATE
cool	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
travel	O
to	O
the	O
private	O
market	O
in	O
Radzymin	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
town	O
not	O
far	O
from	O
Warsaw	B-GPE
,	O
hauling	O
pigs	O
,	O
cattle	O
and	O
sacks	O
of	O
feed	O
that	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
official	O
buyers	O
ca	O
n't	O
induce	O
them	O
to	O
sell	O
.	O


Here	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
searching	O
for	O
a	O
higher	O
price	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
crush	O
of	O
trucks	O
and	O
horse	O
carts	O
on	O
the	O
trodden	O
field	O
,	O
Andrzej	B-PERSON
Latowski	I-PERSON
wrestles	O
a	O
screeching	O
,	O
overweight	O
hog	O
into	O
the	O
trunk	O
of	O
a	O
private	O
butcher	O
's	O
Polish	B-NORP
Fiat	B-ORG
.	O


``	O
Of	O
course	O
it	O
's	O
better	O
to	O
sell	O
private	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
butcher	O
trundles	O
away	O
.	O


``	O
Why	O
should	O
anybody	O
want	O
to	O
sell	O
to	O
them	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
young	O
farmer	O
makes	O
money	O
on	O
the	O
few	O
hogs	O
he	O
sells	O
here	O
.	O


He	O
wo	O
n't	O
for	O
long	O
,	O
because	O
his	O
old	O
state	O
sources	O
of	O
rye	O
and	O
potatoes	O
are	O
drying	O
up	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
's	O
no	O
feed	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
ca	O
n't	O
buy	O
anything	O
nowadays	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
why	O
.	O
''	O


Edward	B-PERSON
Chojnowski	I-PERSON
does	O
.	O


His	O
truck	O
is	O
parked	O
across	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
row	O
of	O
grain	O
sellers	O
.	O


Like	O
the	O
others	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
loaded	O
with	O
rye	O
,	O
wheat	O
and	O
oats	O
in	O
sacks	O
labeled	O
``	O
Asbestos	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	I-WORK_OF_ART
Made	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
U.S.S.R	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


The	O
farmer	O
at	O
the	O
next	O
truck	O
shouts	O
,	O
``	O
Wheat	O
!	O


It	O
's	O
nice	O
!	O


It	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
cheaper	O
!	O


We	O
sell	O
direct	O
!	O
''	O


A	O
heavy	O
,	O
kerchiefed	O
woman	O
runs	O
a	O
handful	O
through	O
her	O
fingers	O
,	O
and	O
counts	O
him	O
out	O
a	O
pile	O
of	O
zlotys	O
.	O


``	O
Country	O
people	O
breed	O
pigs	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Chojnowski	B-PERSON
,	O
leaning	O
against	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
his	O
truck	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
ca	O
n't	O
buy	O
feed	O
from	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
n't	O
enough	O
.	O


Some	O
state	O
middlemen	O
come	O
to	O
buy	O
from	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
sell	O
--	O
a	O
little	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
waiting	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
plenty	O
more	O
at	O
home	O
.	O
''	O


On	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
sell	O
much	O
in	O
Radzymin	B-GPE
,	O
either	O
.	O


At	O
closing	O
time	O
,	O
farmers	O
cart	O
out	O
most	O
of	O
what	O
they	O
carted	O
in	O
.	O


A	O
private	O
market	O
like	O
this	O
just	O
is	O
n't	O
big	O
enough	O
to	O
absorb	O
all	O
that	O
business	O
.	O


The	O
hulk	O
of	O
Stalinism	B-NORP
,	O
it	O
seems	O
,	O
will	O
not	O
quickly	O
crumble	O
away	O
.	O


State	O
monopolies	O
will	O
keep	O
on	O
stifling	O
trade	O
,	O
``	O
free	O
''	O
prices	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
until	O
something	O
else	O
replaces	O
them	O
.	O


Polish	B-NORP
agriculture	O
will	O
need	O
a	O
whole	O
private	O
network	O
of	O
procurement	O
,	O
processing	O
and	O
distribution	O
--	O
plus	O
a	O
new	O
manufacturing	O
industry	O
to	O
supply	O
it	O
with	O
tractors	O
,	O
pesticides	O
,	O
fertilizers	O
and	O
feed	O
.	O


The	O
Communists	B-NORP
spent	O
40	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
working	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
no	O
such	O
capitalistic	O
structures	O
ever	O
arose	O
here	O
.	O


Building	O
them	O
now	O
will	O
require	O
undergirding	O
from	O
the	O
West	O
,	O
and	O
removal	O
of	O
political	O
deadwood	O
,	O
a	O
job	O
that	O
Solidarity	B-ORG
has	O
barely	O
started	O
.	O


But	O
Polish	B-NORP
agriculture	O
does	O
possess	O
one	B-CARDINAL
great	O
asset	O
already	O
:	O
the	O
private	O
farmer	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
are	O
dealing	O
with	O
real	O
entrepreneurs	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Antoni	B-PERSON
Leopold	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
economist	O
who	O
advises	O
Rural	B-ORG
Solidarity	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
union	O
's	O
countryside	O
offshoot	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
have	O
property	O
.	O
''	O


Polish	B-NORP
peasants	O
,	O
spurning	O
the	O
collectivizers	O
,	O
were	O
once	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
shame	O
to	O
orthodox	O
Communists	B-NORP
.	O


Now	O
,	O
among	O
Communist	B-NORP
reformers	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
objects	O
of	O
envy	O
.	O


Food	O
is	O
the	O
reformer	O
's	O
top	O
priority	O
,	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
popular	O
support	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
have	O
shown	O
and	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
are	O
learning	O
,	O
family	O
farms	O
thrive	O
where	O
collectives	O
fail	O
.	O


Ownership	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
fertilizer	O
.	O


The	O
Poles	B-NORP
have	O
had	O
it	O
all	O
along	O
.	O


Poland	B-GPE
's	O
2.7	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
small	O
private	O
farms	O
cover	O
76	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
arable	O
land	O
.	O


On	O
it	O
,	O
a	B-CARDINAL
quarter	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
39	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
produce	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
quarters	I-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
grain	O
,	O
beef	O
,	O
eggs	O
and	O
milk	O
,	O
and	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
tenths	I-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
fruit	O
,	O
vegetables	O
and	O
potatoes	O
.	O


Like	O
the	B-ORG
Roman	I-ORG
Catholic	I-ORG
Church	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Polish	B-NORP
peasant	O
is	O
a	O
pillar	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O


Try	O
as	O
they	O
might	O
,	O
the	O
Communists	B-NORP
could	O
neither	O
replace	O
nor	O
break	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
did	O
try	O
.	O


A	B-QUANTITY
few	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
past	O
Radzymin	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
dirt	O
road	O
narrows	O
to	O
a	O
track	O
of	O
sand	O
and	O
leads	O
into	O
Zalubice	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
village	O
of	O
tumbledown	O
farms	O
.	O


Czeslaw	B-PERSON
Pyszkiewicz	I-PERSON
owns	O
30	B-QUANTITY
acres	I-QUANTITY
in	O
14	B-CARDINAL
scattered	O
scraps	O
.	O


He	O
grows	O
rye	O
and	O
potatoes	O
for	O
a	O
few	O
hens	O
,	O
five	B-CARDINAL
cows	O
and	O
25	B-CARDINAL
piglets	O
.	O


In	O
patched	O
pants	O
and	O
torn	O
shoes	O
,	O
he	O
stands	O
in	O
his	O
barnyard	O
eyeing	O
the	O
ground	O
with	O
a	O
look	O
both	O
helpless	O
and	O
sardonic	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
bad	O
soil	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Until	O
1963	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
was	O
good	O
soil	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
state	O
put	O
in	O
a	O
reservoir	O
to	O
supply	O
the	O
area	O
with	O
drinking	O
water	O
.	O


Farmers	O
lay	O
down	O
before	O
the	O
bulldozers	O
.	O


Their	O
protest	O
was	O
ignored	O
.	O


The	O
dam	O
caused	O
the	O
water	O
level	O
to	O
drop	O
in	O
Zalubice	B-GPE
.	O


Mr	O
Pyszkiewicz	B-PERSON
smiles	O
and	O
his	O
brow	O
furrows	O
.	O


He	O
expected	O
as	O
much	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
lifetime	B-DATE
,	O
47	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Communists	B-NORP
brought	O
electricity	O
to	O
his	O
village	O
and	O
piped	O
in	O
drinking	O
water	O
from	O
the	O
reservoir	O
.	O


No	O
phones	O
.	O


No	O
gas	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
wanted	O
them	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
road	O
here	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
started	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
abandoned	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


A	O
tractor	O
,	O
his	O
only	O
mechanized	O
equipment	O
,	O
stands	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
pigsty	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
Russian	B-NORP
.	O


Good	O
for	O
nothing	O
.	O


Parts	O
are	O
a	O
tragedy	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
I	O
had	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
,	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
buy	O
what	O
I	O
need	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
farmer	O
can	O
say	O
the	O
same	O
for	O
coal	O
,	O
cement	O
,	O
saw	O
blades	O
.	O


In	O
Poland	B-GPE
,	O
only	O
4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
all	O
investment	O
goes	O
toward	O
making	O
things	O
farmers	O
want	O
;	O
in	O
the	O
West	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
closer	O
to	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
few	O
big	O
state	O
farms	O
take	O
first	O
crack	O
at	O
what	O
does	O
get	O
made	O
.	O


They	O
use	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
more	O
fertilizer	O
per	O
acre	O
,	O
twice	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
grade	O
feed	O
.	O


Yet	O
their	O
best	O
boast	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
produce	O
32	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Polish	B-NORP
pork	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
've	O
heard	O
from	O
friends	O
that	O
state	O
farms	O
are	O
subsidized	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Pyszkiewicz	B-PERSON
says	O
as	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
Wieslawa	B-PERSON
,	O
sets	O
some	O
chairs	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
sun	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
have	O
one	O
near	O
here	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
waste	O
.	O


A	O
private	O
farmer	O
never	O
wastes	O
anything	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
state	O
quit	O
shoving	O
peasants	O
onto	O
its	O
subsidized	O
farms	O
over	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
it	O
never	O
did	O
let	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
pressure	O
.	O


Until	O
recently	O
,	O
a	O
farmer	O
with	O
no	O
heir	O
had	O
to	O
will	O
the	O
state	O
his	O
land	O
to	O
collect	O
his	O
pension	O
.	O


The	O
pension	O
's	O
size	O
still	O
depends	O
on	O
how	O
much	O
produce	O
he	O
sells	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


His	O
allotment	O
of	O
materials	O
also	O
did	O
,	O
until	O
the	O
state	O
could	O
n't	O
hold	O
up	O
its	O
end	O
of	O
that	O
bargain	O
.	O


Yet	O
the	O
state	O
alone	O
sells	O
seeds	O
and	O
machines	O
.	O


When	O
supplies	O
are	O
short	O
,	O
it	O
often	O
hands	O
them	O
over	O
only	O
in	O
exchange	O
for	O
milk	O
or	O
grain	O
.	O


A	O
private	O
farmer	O
in	O
Poland	B-GPE
is	O
free	O
to	O
buy	O
and	O
sell	O
land	O
,	O
hire	O
help	O
,	O
decide	O
what	O
to	O
grow	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
grow	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
free	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
chickens	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
fail	O
for	O
lack	O
of	O
chicken	O
wire	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
plenty	O
of	O
freedom	O
--	O
but	O
no	O
choices	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
'm	O
on	O
my	O
own	O
land	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Pyszkiewicz	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
what	O
anybody	O
tells	O
me	O
to	O
do	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
Sometimes	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
``	O
we	O
're	O
happy	O
about	O
that	O
.	O
''	O


By	O
starving	O
the	O
peasant	O
,	O
the	O
Communists	B-NORP
have	O
starved	O
Poland	B-GPE
.	O


Villages	O
like	O
Zalubice	B-GPE
exist	O
in	O
a	O
desert	O
of	O
poor	O
schools	O
and	O
few	O
doctors	O
.	O


Farm	O
income	O
is	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
below	O
the	O
average	O
.	O


The	O
young	O
leave	O
,	O
especially	O
girls	O
who	O
wo	O
n't	O
milk	O
cows	O
by	O
hand	O
.	O


Some	O
men	O
stay	O
,	O
their	O
best	O
friend	O
a	O
bottle	O
of	O
vodka	O
,	O
but	O
two	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
acres	I-QUANTITY
have	O
gone	O
fallow	O
.	O


Without	O
machines	O
,	O
good	O
farms	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
bigger	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
potato	O
crop	O
,	O
once	O
47	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
,	O
is	O
down	O
to	O
35	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Meat	O
consumption	O
is	O
at	O
1979	B-DATE
's	O
level	O
,	O
pork	O
production	O
at	O
1973	B-DATE
's	O
,	O
milk	O
output	O
at	O
1960	B-DATE
's	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
food	O
crisis	O
undid	O
the	O
Communists	B-NORP
,	O
a	O
food	O
revolution	O
will	O
make	O
Solidarity	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
potential	O
is	O
displayed	O
along	O
every	O
road	O
into	O
Warsaw	B-GPE
:	O
row	O
upon	O
row	O
of	O
greenhouses	O
,	O
stretching	O
out	O
behind	O
modern	O
mansions	O
that	O
trumpet	O
their	O
owners	O
'	O
wealth	O
.	O


Vegetables	O
are	O
abundant	O
and	O
full	O
of	O
flavor	O
in	O
Poland	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
pickles	O
and	O
sauerkraut	O
sublime	O
,	O
the	O
state	O
monopolies	O
long	O
broken	O
.	O


Grain	O
,	O
milk	O
and	O
meat	O
come	O
next	O
.	O


A	O
private	O
challenge	O
to	O
the	O
monolithic	O
tractor	O
industry	O
will	O
take	O
more	O
time	O
and	O
money	O
than	O
Poland	B-GPE
can	O
spare	O
,	O
although	O
a	O
smokehouse	O
or	O
a	O
local	O
dairy	O
can	O
spring	O
up	O
fast	O
.	O


Poland	B-GPE
makes	O
no	O
machinery	O
for	O
a	O
plant	O
on	O
that	O
scale	O
.	O


Solidarity	B-ORG
wants	O
it	O
from	O
the	O
West	O
.	O


Maria	B-PERSON
Stolzman	I-PERSON
,	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
farm	O
experts	O
,	O
lays	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
line	O
:	O
``	O
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
will	O
be	O
brought	O
in	O
to	O
help	O
us	O
destroy	O
the	O
old	O
system	O
.	O
''	O


Felix	B-PERSON
Siemienas	I-PERSON
is	O
destroying	O
it	O
now	O
.	O


He	O
packs	O
pork	O
.	O


A	O
law	O
went	O
on	O
the	O
books	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
that	O
let	O
him	O
smoke	O
bacon	O
without	O
breeding	O
pigs	O
.	O


He	O
cashed	O
in	O
.	O


Poland	B-GPE
is	O
short	O
on	O
enterprises	O
,	O
not	O
enterprise	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
pay	O
a	O
lot	O
to	O
the	O
farmer	O
and	O
five	B-CARDINAL
times	O
the	O
state	O
salary	O
to	O
my	O
employees	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
in	O
Warsaw	B-GPE
to	O
open	O
a	O
shop	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
hire	O
transportation	O
,	O
and	O
my	O
customers	O
have	O
fresh	O
cold	O
cuts	O
every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
subsidize	O
anyone	O
.	O


Everyone	O
around	O
me	O
lives	O
well	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
my	O
prices	O
are	O
high	O
.	O


If	O
nobody	O
buys	O
,	O
I	O
bring	O
my	O
prices	O
down	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
rule	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
market	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Siemienas	B-PERSON
is	O
making	O
a	O
fortune	O
--	O
$	O
10,000	B-MONEY
a	O
month	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
bought	O
some	O
trendy	O
Western	O
clothes	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
green	O
Mercedes	B-ORG
with	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
flag	O
in	O
the	O
window	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
meat	O
-	O
processing	O
machines	O
he	O
picked	O
up	O
are	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
expensive	O
machines	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
situation	O
changes	O
,	O
I	O
'll	O
get	O
stuck	O
with	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


That	O
's	O
politics	O
.	O


By	O
taking	O
power	O
in	O
a	O
deal	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Peasant	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
onetime	O
Communist	B-NORP
stooges	O
,	O
Solidarity	B-ORG
has	O
spooked	O
the	O
rural	O
entrepreneur	O
.	O


Rural	B-ORG
Solidarity	I-ORG
objected	O
,	O
to	O
no	O
avail	O
,	O
when	O
Solidarity	B-ORG
leader	O
Lech	B-PERSON
Walesa	I-PERSON
accepted	O
the	O
Peasants	B-ORG
'	O
support	O
.	O


It	O
objected	O
again	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
when	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Tadeusz	B-PERSON
Mazowiecki	I-PERSON
reluctantly	O
named	O
a	O
Peasant	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
man	O
as	O
his	O
agriculture	O
minister	O
.	O


Both	O
the	O
Peasants	B-ORG
and	O
Rural	B-ORG
Solidarity	I-ORG
are	O
forming	O
new	O
political	O
parties	O
for	O
farmers	O
.	O


The	O
Peasants	B-ORG
can	O
make	O
a	O
credible	O
case	O
,	O
against	O
Solidarity	B-ORG
,	O
that	O
hell	O
-	O
bent	O
reform	O
will	O
drive	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
from	O
the	O
land	O
.	O


Next	B-DATE
Spring	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
will	O
battle	O
in	O
local	O
elections	O
.	O


But	O
until	O
then	O
,	O
and	O
probably	O
long	O
afterward	O
,	O
the	O
Communists	B-NORP
'	O
apparat	O
of	O
obstruction	O
--	O
from	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
dairy	O
co-op	O
to	O
the	O
village	O
bank	O
manager	O
--	O
will	O
stay	O
planted	O
in	O
the	O
Polish	B-NORP
countryside	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
get	O
from	O
capitalism	O
to	O
socialism	O
,	O
''	O
Sergiusz	B-PERSON
Niciporuk	I-PERSON
is	O
saying	O
one	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
.	O


``	O
We	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
get	O
from	O
socialism	O
to	O
capitalism	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
farms	O
12	B-QUANTITY
acres	I-QUANTITY
in	O
Grabowiec	B-GPE
,	O
two	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
from	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
border	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
Poland	B-GPE
's	O
poorest	O
places	O
.	O


Now	O
he	O
is	O
mounting	O
the	O
steps	O
of	O
a	O
stucco	O
building	O
in	O
a	O
nearby	O
village	O
,	O
on	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
the	O
Communist	B-NORP
administrator	O
,	O
the	O
``	O
naczelnik	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
Many	O
people	O
in	O
Poland	B-GPE
hope	O
this	O
government	O
will	O
break	O
down	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Niciporuk	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
local	O
council	O
and	O
to	O
Rural	B-ORG
Solidarity	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
That	O
's	O
what	O
the	O
naczelnik	O
counts	O
on	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
our	O
most	O
dangerous	O
enemy	O
.	O


Every	O
time	O
he	O
sees	O
me	O
,	O
he	O
gets	O
very	O
nervous	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
farmer	O
barges	O
into	O
the	O
naczelnik	O
's	O
office	O
.	O


A	O
thin	O
man	O
in	O
a	O
gray	O
suit	O
looks	O
up	O
from	O
a	O
newspaper	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Niciporuk	B-PERSON
sits	O
.	O


Anatol	B-PERSON
Pawlowski	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
leg	O
begins	O
jiggling	O
beneath	O
his	O
desk	O
.	O


``	O
Solidarity	B-ORG
does	O
n't	O
care	O
for	O
the	O
good	O
of	O
this	O
region	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
after	O
a	O
few	O
pleasantries	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
want	O
to	O
turn	O
everything	O
upside	O
down	O
in	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Niciporuk	B-PERSON
here	O
wants	O
60	B-QUANTITY
acres	I-QUANTITY
used	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
by	O
a	O
state	O
farm	O
.	O


He	O
ca	O
n't	O
guarantee	O
that	O
he	O
can	O
use	O
it	O
any	O
better	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
I	O
am	O
ready	O
at	O
any	O
moment	O
to	O
compete	O
with	O
a	O
state	O
farm	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
naczelnik	O
averts	O
his	O
eyes	O
.	O


``	O
What	O
have	O
you	O
got	O
?	O


Not	O
even	O
a	O
tractor	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
make	O
wicker	O
baskets	O
,	O
too	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
I	O
can	O
do	O
five	B-CARDINAL
things	O
at	O
once	O
--	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
businessman	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
Big	O
business	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Pawlowski	B-PERSON
snorts	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


The	O
farmer	O
stands	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


The	O
naczelnik	O
stands	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
care	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
this	O
post	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
Eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
I	O
've	O
had	O
it	O
.	O


A	O
cultural	O
center	O
has	O
been	O
built	O
,	O
shops	O
.	O


Suddenly	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
a	O
comfortable	O
man	O
for	O
Solidarity	B-ORG
.	O


I	O
have	O
accomplished	O
too	O
much	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
more	O
.	O


I	O
wish	O
them	O
all	O
the	O
best	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
farmer	O
leaves	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
naczelnik	O
shuts	O
his	O
door	O
.	O


The	O
House	B-ORG
approved	O
a	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
spending	O
bill	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
government	O
operating	O
through	O
Nov.	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
and	O
provide	O
$	B-MONEY
2.85	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
emergency	O
funds	O
to	O
assist	O
in	O
the	O
recovery	O
from	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
and	O
the	O
California	B-GPE
earthquake	O
.	O


The	O
321	B-CARDINAL
-	O
99	O
roll	O
call	O
vote	O
reflected	O
broad	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
disaster	O
assistance	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
cost	O
to	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
is	O
sure	O
to	O
aggravate	O
budget	O
pressures	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
and	O
next	O
under	O
the	O
Gramm	B-LAW
-	I-LAW
Rudman	I-LAW
deficit	O
reduction	O
law	O
.	O


By	O
a	O
lopsided	O
401	B-CARDINAL
-	O
18	O
margin	O
,	O
the	O
chamber	O
rejected	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
waive	O
Gramm	B-LAW
-	I-LAW
Rudman	I-LAW
for	O
purposes	O
of	O
addressing	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
disasters	O
,	O
and	O
budget	O
analysts	O
estimate	O
the	O
increased	O
appropriations	O
will	O
widen	O
the	O
fiscal	B-DATE
1990	I-DATE
deficit	O
by	O
at	B-MONEY
least	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.44	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
unless	O
offsetting	O
spending	O
cuts	O
or	O
new	O
revenues	O
are	O
found	O
by	O
Congress	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
budget	O
impact	O
will	O
be	O
greater	O
still	O
in	O
fiscal	B-DATE
1991	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
issue	O
forced	O
a	O
confrontation	O
between	O
the	O
Appropriations	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
leadership	O
and	O
Budget	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Leon	B-PERSON
Panetta	I-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
California	B-GPE
district	O
was	O
at	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
earthquake	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Going	O
to	O
the	O
well	O
of	O
the	O
chamber	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Panetta	B-PERSON
demanded	O
the	O
costs	O
be	O
fully	O
counted	O
.	O


His	O
prominent	O
role	O
put	O
him	O
in	O
the	O
awkward	O
position	O
of	O
challenging	O
the	O
very	O
committee	O
members	O
on	O
whom	O
his	O
state	O
will	O
be	O
most	O
dependent	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ahead	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
We	O
do	O
not	O
come	O
to	O
this	O
House	B-ORG
asking	O
for	O
any	O
handout	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
the	O
California	B-GPE
Democrat	B-NORP
.	O


``	O
We	O
do	O
not	O
intend	O
to	O
hide	O
these	O
costs	O
from	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
$	B-MONEY
2.85	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
package	O
incorporates	O
$	B-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
low	O
-	O
interest	O
disaster	O
loans	O
,	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
highway	O
construction	O
funds	O
,	O
and	O
$	B-MONEY
1.35	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
divided	O
between	O
general	O
emergency	O
assistance	O
and	O
a	O
reserve	O
to	O
be	O
available	O
to	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
to	O
meet	O
unanticipated	O
costs	O
from	O
the	O
two	O
disasters	O
.	O


The	O
funds	O
are	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
1.1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
appropriated	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
to	O
assist	O
in	O
the	O
recovery	O
from	O
Hugo	B-EVENT
,	O
bringing	O
the	O
total	O
for	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
disasters	O
to	O
nearly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
unanticipated	O
spending	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
the	O
vagaries	O
of	O
Gramm	B-LAW
-	I-LAW
Rudman	I-LAW
,	O
the	O
immediate	O
impact	O
is	O
relatively	O
small	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
appropriations	O
set	O
in	O
motion	O
spending	O
that	O
adds	O
to	O
an	O
already	O
grim	O
budget	O
picture	O
for	O
fiscal	B-DATE
1991	I-DATE
.	O


Within	O
the	O
appropriations	O
process	O
,	O
the	O
situation	O
is	O
even	O
more	O
difficult	O
since	O
the	O
costs	O
will	O
be	O
counted	O
against	O
the	O
share	O
of	O
funds	O
to	O
be	O
allocated	O
to	O
those	O
subcommittees	O
that	O
recently	O
have	O
had	O
the	O
greatest	O
difficulty	O
in	O
staying	O
within	O
the	O
budget	O
.	O


The	O
underlying	O
bill	O
approved	O
yesterday	B-DATE
is	O
required	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
government	O
operating	O
past	O
midnight	B-TIME
tonight	I-TIME
,	O
and	O
this	O
urgency	O
has	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
speed	O
--	O
and	O
,	O
critics	O
say	O
,	O
mistakes	O
--	O
that	O
have	O
accompanied	O
the	O
package	O
of	O
disaster	O
assistance	O
.	O


The	O
hastily	O
drafted	O
measure	O
could	O
hurt	O
California	B-GPE
by	O
requiring	O
it	O
to	O
put	O
up	O
more	O
matching	O
funds	O
for	O
emergency	O
highway	O
assistance	O
than	O
otherwise	O
would	O
be	O
required	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
delegation	O
is	O
fearful	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
funding	O
will	O
be	O
counted	O
against	O
a	O
separate	O
$	B-MONEY
185	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
federal	O
highway	O
funds	O
it	O
would	O
expect	O
to	O
receive	O
under	O
its	O
normal	O
allocation	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Also	O
,	O
the	O
high	O
price	O
of	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
real	O
estate	O
puts	O
the	O
state	O
at	O
odds	O
with	O
federal	O
regulations	O
more	O
attuned	O
to	O
the	O
national	O
average	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
disaster	O
loans	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
go	O
to	O
small	O
businesses	O
and	O
homeowners	O
,	O
offer	O
credit	O
as	B-PERCENT
low	I-PERCENT
as	I-PERCENT
4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
some	O
cases	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
delegation	O
finds	O
itself	O
asking	O
that	O
the	O
cap	O
per	O
household	O
be	O
lifted	O
to	O
$	O
500,000	B-MONEY
from	O
$	O
100,000	B-MONEY
to	O
assist	O
the	O
hard	O
hit	O
but	O
often	O
wealthy	O
Marina	B-LOC
district	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
Senate	B-ORG
is	O
expected	O
to	O
make	O
some	O
modifications	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
both	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
and	O
Congress	B-ORG
appear	O
most	O
anxious	O
to	O
speed	O
final	O
approval	O
before	O
tonight	B-TIME
's	O
deadline	O
.	O


Administration	O
pressure	O
discourages	O
any	O
effort	O
to	O
add	O
to	O
total	O
funding	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
changes	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
largely	O
technical	O
--	O
dealing	O
with	O
highway	O
aid	O
and	O
lifting	O
the	O
ceiling	O
on	O
total	O
Small	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
loans	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
1.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
to	O
accommodate	O
the	O
increased	O
activity	O
expected	O
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
floor	O
action	O
came	O
as	O
a	O
House	B-ORG
-	O
Senate	O
conference	O
approved	O
a	O
nearly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
8.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
fiscal	B-DATE
1990	I-DATE
military	O
construction	O
bill	O
,	O
representing	O
a	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
reduction	O
from	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
making	O
severe	O
cuts	O
from	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
requests	O
for	O
installations	O
abroad	O
.	O


An	B-MONEY
estimated	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
25.8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
is	O
allocated	O
to	O
continue	O
work	O
in	O
Oman	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
all	O
funding	O
is	O
cut	O
for	O
the	O
Philippines	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
projects	O
in	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
are	O
cut	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
13.6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
or	O
less	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
sixth	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
administration	O
's	O
request	O
.	O


Closer	O
to	O
home	O
,	O
the	O
negotiators	O
were	O
more	O
generous	O
.	O


An	B-MONEY
estimated	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
38.9	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
was	O
set	O
aside	O
for	O
military	O
installations	O
in	O
the	O
home	O
state	O
of	O
North	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
Rep.	O
W.G.	B-PERSON
Hefner	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
chairman	O
.	O


And	O
$	B-MONEY
70.2	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
would	O
go	O
to	O
projects	O
in	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
represented	O
by	O
his	O
Senate	B-ORG
counterpart	O
and	O
fellow	O
Democrat	B-NORP
,	O
Sen.	O
James	B-PERSON
Sasser	I-PERSON
.	O


Texas	B-GPE
and	O
California	B-GPE
are	O
traditionally	O
powerful	O
within	O
the	O
conference	O
,	O
but	O
equally	O
striking	O
is	O
the	O
dominance	O
of	O
Alaska	B-GPE
,	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
and	O
West	B-GPE
Virginia	I-GPE
because	O
of	O
their	O
power	O
elsewhere	O
in	O
the	O
appropriations	O
process	O
.	O


Senate	B-ORG
Appropriations	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Byrd	O
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
W.Va	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
even	O
added	O
report	O
language	O
listing	O
$	B-MONEY
49.4	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
projects	O
he	O
wants	O
in	O
the	O
budget	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


No	O
individual	O
illustrated	O
this	O
mix	O
of	O
power	O
more	O
yesterday	B-DATE
than	O
Sen.	O
Daniel	B-PERSON
Inouye	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Hawaii	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
who	O
chairs	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
defense	O
subcommittee	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
final	O
trading	O
,	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
was	O
insistent	O
on	O
setting	O
aside	O
$	B-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	O
carry	O
out	O
base	O
closings	O
ordered	O
to	O
begin	O
in	O
fiscal	B-DATE
1990	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
it	O
gave	O
ground	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Inouye	B-PERSON
on	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
projects	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
11	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
parking	O
garage	O
here	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
land	O
transfer	O
in	O
Hawaii	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
a	O
provision	O
to	O
assist	O
the	B-NORP
Makwah	I-NORP
Indian	I-NORP
Tribe	I-NORP
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
state	O
.	O


The	O
tribe	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
poorest	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
Northwest	I-LOC
.	O


Mr.	O
Inouye	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
chairs	O
the	O
select	O
committee	O
on	O
Indian	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
,	O
used	O
his	O
power	O
to	O
move	O
$	O
400,000	B-MONEY
from	O
the	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
to	O
the	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Indian	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
to	O
assist	O
in	O
renovating	O
a	O
decommissoned	O
base	O
to	O
accommodate	O
a	O
drug	O
and	O
alcohol	O
rehabilitation	O
center	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
House	B-ORG
-	O
Senate	O
negotiators	O
have	O
tentatively	O
agreed	O
on	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
3.18	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
anti-drug	O
and	O
anti-crime	O
intitiative	O
,	O
cutting	O
other	O
federal	O
spending	O
0.43	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
pay	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


A	O
formal	O
House	B-ORG
-	O
Senate	O
conference	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
ratify	O
the	O
accord	O
later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Mobil	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
is	O
preparing	O
to	O
slash	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
its	O
work	O
force	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
possibly	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
say	O
individuals	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
strategy	O
.	O


The	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
cuts	O
is	O
n't	O
known	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
'll	O
be	O
centered	O
in	O
the	O
exploration	O
and	O
production	O
division	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
locating	O
oil	O
reserves	O
,	O
drilling	O
wells	O
and	O
pumping	O
crude	O
oil	O
and	O
natural	O
gas	O
.	O


Employees	O
have	O
n't	O
yet	O
been	O
notified	O
.	O


Sources	O
said	O
that	O
meetings	O
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
staff	O
reductions	O
have	O
been	O
scheduled	O
for	O
Friday	B-DATE
at	O
Mobil	B-ORG
offices	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
and	O
Denver	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
round	O
of	O
cuts	O
by	O
Mobil	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
along	O
with	O
other	O
oil	O
producers	O
and	O
refiners	O
reduced	O
its	O
work	O
force	O
by	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
20	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
during	O
the	B-DATE
mid-1980s	I-DATE
as	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
industrywide	O
shakeout	O
.	O


Mobil	B-ORG
's	O
latest	O
move	O
could	O
signal	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
further	O
reductions	O
by	O
other	O
oil	O
companies	O
in	O
their	O
domestic	O
oil	O
-	O
producing	O
operations	O
.	O


In	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
earnings	O
report	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
alluded	O
to	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
provision	O
for	O
restructuring	O
costs	O
involving	O
U.S.	B-GPE
exploration	O
and	O
production	O
operations	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
says	O
that	O
``	O
the	O
restructuring	O
will	O
take	O
place	O
over	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
period	O
and	O
will	O
principally	O
involve	O
the	O
transfer	O
and	O
termination	O
of	O
employees	O
in	O
our	O
U.S.	B-GPE
operations	O
.	O
''	O


A	O
company	O
spokesman	O
,	O
reached	O
at	O
his	O
home	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
would	O
only	O
say	O
that	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
public	O
announcement	O
of	O
the	O
reduction	O
program	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Most	O
oil	O
companies	O
,	O
including	O
Mobil	B-ORG
,	O
have	O
been	O
reporting	O
lower	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
earnings	O
,	O
largely	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
lower	O
earnings	O
from	O
chemicals	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
refining	O
and	O
marketing	O
businesses	O
.	O


Individuals	O
familiar	O
with	O
Mobil	B-ORG
's	O
strategy	O
say	O
that	O
Mobil	B-ORG
is	O
reducing	O
its	O
U.S.	B-GPE
work	O
force	O
because	O
of	O
declining	O
U.S.	B-GPE
output	O
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
Mobil	B-ORG
said	O
domestic	O
exploration	O
and	O
production	O
operations	O
had	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
16	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
loss	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
while	O
comparable	O
foreign	O
operations	O
earned	O
$	B-MONEY
234	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Industrywide	O
,	O
oil	O
production	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
fell	O
by	O
500,000	B-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
to	O
7.7	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Daily	O
output	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
decline	O
by	O
at	B-QUANTITY
least	I-QUANTITY
another	I-QUANTITY
500,000	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Some	O
Mobil	B-ORG
executives	O
were	O
dismayed	O
that	O
a	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
cutbacks	O
was	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
earnings	O
report	O
before	O
workers	O
were	O
notified	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
Mobil	B-ORG
executive	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
charge	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
action	O
indicates	O
``	O
a	O
substantial	O
''	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
will	O
be	O
involved	O
.	O


Some	O
will	O
likely	O
be	O
offered	O
severance	O
packages	O
while	O
others	O
will	O
be	O
transferred	O
to	O
overseas	O
operations	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
is	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
gain	O
control	O
over	O
a	O
law	O
that	O
federal	O
Judge	O
David	B-PERSON
Sentelle	I-PERSON
recently	O
called	O
a	O
``	O
monster	O
.	O
''	O


Needless	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
RICO	B-LAW
.	O


With	O
its	O
recently	O
revised	O
guidelines	O
for	O
RICO	B-LAW
,	O
Justice	B-ORG
makes	O
it	O
clear	O
that	O
the	O
law	O
currently	O
holds	O
too	O
many	O
incentives	O
for	O
abuse	O
by	O
prosecutors	O
.	O


The	O
text	O
of	O
the	O
``	O
new	O
policy	O
''	O
guidelines	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Criminal	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
are	O
reprinted	O
nearby	O
.	O


They	O
strongly	O
suggest	O
that	O
Justice	B-ORG
's	O
prosecutions	O
of	O
Drexel	B-ORG
Burnham	I-ORG
Lambert	I-ORG
,	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Milken	I-PERSON
and	O
Princeton	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
Newport	I-ORG
violated	O
notions	O
of	O
fundamental	O
fairness	O
.	O


Justice	B-ORG
is	O
attempting	O
to	O
avoid	O
a	O
replay	O
of	O
these	O
tactics	O
.	O


This	O
amounts	O
to	O
an	O
extraordinary	O
repudiation	O
of	O
the	O
tenure	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
mayoral	O
candidate	O
and	O
former	O
U.S.	B-GPE
Attorney	O
Rudolph	B-PERSON
Giuliani	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
more	O
inclined	O
to	O
gathering	O
scalps	O
than	O
understanding	O
markets	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
guidelines	O
limit	O
the	O
pretrial	O
forfeitures	O
of	O
assets	O
of	O
RICOed	O
defendants	O
and	O
their	O
investors	O
,	O
clients	O
,	O
bankers	O
and	O
others	O
.	O


This	O
follows	O
earlier	O
new	O
guidelines	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Tax	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
prohibiting	O
Princeton	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
Newport	I-ORG
-	O
like	O
tax	O
cases	O
from	O
masquerading	O
as	O
RICO	B-LAW
cases	O
.	O


The	O
forfeiture	O
memo	O
cited	O
``	O
considerable	O
criticism	O
in	O
the	O
press	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
perception	O
that	O
pre-trial	O
freezing	O
of	O
assets	O
is	O
tantamount	O
to	O
a	O
seizure	O
of	O
property	O
without	O
due	O
process	O
.	O
''	O


It	O
told	O
prosecutors	O
not	O
to	O
seek	O
forfeitures	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
``	O
less	O
intrusive	O
''	O
alternatives	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
bonds	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
any	O
case	O
not	O
to	O
seek	O
forfeitures	O
``	O
disproportionate	O
to	O
the	O
defendant	O
's	O
crime	O
.	O
''	O


These	O
changes	O
come	O
a	O
tad	O
late	O
for	O
Princeton	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
Newport	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
RICOed	O
securities	O
firm	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
forced	O
into	O
liquidation	O
before	O
trial	O
when	O
investors	O
yanked	O
their	O
funds	O
after	O
the	O
government	O
demanded	O
a	O
huge	O
pre-trial	O
asset	O
forfeiture	O
.	O


Princeton	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
Newport	I-ORG
investors	O
,	O
including	O
McKinsey	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
Harvard	B-ORG
endowment	O
,	O
made	O
the	O
rational	O
decision	O
to	O
withdraw	O
their	O
money	O
;	O
for	O
the	O
firm	O
,	O
the	O
liquidation	O
was	O
sentence	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
verdict	O
later	O
.	O


Prosecutors	O
wanted	O
$	B-MONEY
23.8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
forfeiture	O
for	O
alleged	O
tax	O
fraud	O
of	O
some	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
400,000	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
experience	O
of	O
Princeton	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
Newport	I-ORG
and	O
initiation	O
of	O
other	O
RICO	B-LAW
-	O
forfeiture	O
cases	O
against	O
legitimate	O
businesses	O
taught	O
Drexel	B-ORG
that	O
a	O
RICOed	O
investment	O
bank	O
would	O
be	O
an	O
ex-investment	O
bank	O
.	O


Drexel	B-ORG
therefore	O
agreed	O
instead	O
to	O
an	O
arrangement	O
allowing	O
it	O
to	O
plea	O
to	O
charges	O
``	O
which	O
the	O
company	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
a	O
position	O
to	O
dispute	O
''	O
because	O
of	O
RICO	B-LAW
.	O


Part	O
of	O
Drexel	B-ORG
's	O
plea	O
was	O
to	O
cut	O
Mr.	O
Milken	B-PERSON
loose	O
.	O


So	O
after	O
all	O
the	O
prosecutorial	O
hoopla	O
no	O
one	O
has	O
established	O
what	O
,	O
if	O
anything	O
,	O
Drexel	B-ORG
did	O
wrong	O
.	O


So	O
two	B-CARDINAL
cheers	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
rules	O
.	O


Justice	B-ORG
has	O
finally	O
recognized	O
its	O
employees	O
'	O
abuses	O
,	O
thanks	O
largely	O
to	O
the	O
demands	O
for	O
reform	O
by	O
former	O
U.S.	B-GPE
attorney	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
Joseph	B-PERSON
diGenova	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
wants	O
to	O
salvage	O
RICO	B-LAW
for	O
real	O
criminals	O
.	O


But	O
prosecutorial	O
guidelines	O
are	O
effective	O
only	O
if	O
someone	O
at	O
Justice	B-ORG
is	O
willing	O
and	O
able	O
to	O
supervise	O
hyperactive	O
prosecutors	O
.	O


Judge	O
Sentelle	B-PERSON
,	O
of	O
the	O
appeals	O
court	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
made	O
this	O
point	O
at	O
a	O
Cato	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
conference	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
a	O
remarkable	O
speech	O
titled	O
,	O
``	O
RICO	B-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Monster	I-WORK_OF_ART
That	I-WORK_OF_ART
Ate	I-WORK_OF_ART
Jurisprudence	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


He	O
said	O
ours	O
is	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
``	O
a	O
government	O
of	O
laws	O
not	O
of	O
men	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
yet	O
RICO	B-LAW
defenders	O
``	O
tell	O
us	O
that	O
we	O
should	O
rely	O
on	O
prosecutorial	O
discretion	O
to	O
protect	O
against	O
overbreadth	O
of	O
RICO	B-LAW
.	O
''	O


No	O
prosecutorial	O
guidelines	O
,	O
observed	O
or	O
unobserved	O
,	O
limit	O
civil	O
RICO	B-LAW
cases	O
by	O
plaintiffs	O
for	O
damages	O
.	O


What	O
now	O
for	O
Princeton	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
Newport	I-ORG
officials	O
,	O
Drexel	B-ORG
and	O
Mr.	O
Milken	B-PERSON
?	O


Justice	O
should	O
review	O
these	O
cases	O
to	O
see	O
what	O
other	O
prosecutorial	O
abuses	O
may	O
have	O
occurred	O
.	O


We	O
suspect	O
that	O
Justice	B-ORG
will	O
some	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
agree	O
that	O
only	O
the	O
complete	O
repeal	O
of	O
RICO	B-LAW
can	O
guarantee	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
injustices	O
in	O
its	O
name	O
.	O


``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Famous	I-WORK_OF_ART
Teddy	I-WORK_OF_ART
Z	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
which	O
CBS	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
had	O
hoped	O
would	O
emerge	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
few	O
bright	O
spots	O
in	O
its	O
otherwise	O
lackluster	O
prime	O
-	O
time	O
schedule	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
turning	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
hit	O
the	O
network	O
envisaged	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
half	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
situation	O
comedy	O
seen	O
Mondays	B-DATE
at	O
9:30	B-TIME
p.m	I-TIME
.	I-TIME
Eastern	I-TIME
and	I-TIME
Pacific	I-TIME
time	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
candidate	O
for	O
cancellation	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
slated	O
for	O
fine	O
-	O
tuning	O
and	O
by	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
the	O
network	O
may	O
announce	O
``	O
Teddy	B-WORK_OF_ART
Z	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
is	O
moving	O
to	O
8:30	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
from	O
its	O
9:30	B-TIME
time	O
slot	O
,	O
replacing	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
People	I-WORK_OF_ART
Next	I-WORK_OF_ART
Door	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
which	O
became	O
the	O
first	O
network	O
show	O
to	O
be	O
canceled	O
this	B-DATE
season	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
Teddy	B-WORK_OF_ART
Z	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
which	O
centers	O
on	O
a	O
mailroom	O
clerk	O
-	O
turned	O
agent	O
at	O
a	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
talent	O
agency	O
,	O
was	O
scheduled	O
in	O
the	O
coveted	O
9:30	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
slot	O
to	O
follow	O
``	O
Murphy	B-WORK_OF_ART
Brown	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
a	O
situation	O
comedy	O
about	O
a	O
television	O
news	O
magazine	O
,	O
starring	O
Candice	B-PERSON
Bergen	I-PERSON
.	O


``	O
Teddy	B-WORK_OF_ART
Z	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
was	O
boosted	O
by	O
favorable	O
reviews	O
and	O
a	O
network	O
-	O
wide	O
promotional	O
tie	O
-	O
in	O
contest	O
with	O
K	B-ORG
mart	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
was	O
promoted	O
on	O
cable	O
services	O
,	O
including	O
MTV	B-ORG
,	O
Nick	B-ORG
at	I-ORG
Night	I-ORG
and	O
VH	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
1	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
premiered	O
as	O
the	O
No.	O
22	B-CARDINAL
-	O
rated	O
show	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
five	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
premiere	O
,	O
the	O
series	O
has	O
floundered	O
.	O


In	O
figures	O
released	O
yesterday	B-DATE
by	O
A.C.	B-ORG
Nielsen	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
``	O
Teddy	B-WORK_OF_ART
Z	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
produced	O
by	O
the	O
television	O
unit	O
of	O
Columbia	B-ORG
Pictures	I-ORG
Entertainment	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
was	O
in	O
37th	B-ORDINAL
place	O
.	O


Worse	O
,	O
every	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
it	O
suffers	O
audience	O
drop	O
-	O
off	O
from	O
``	O
Murphy	B-WORK_OF_ART
Brown	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
and	O
viewership	O
on	O
CBS	B-ORG
picks	O
up	O
again	O
once	O
``	O
Teddy	B-WORK_OF_ART
Z	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
is	O
over	O
and	O
is	O
followed	O
by	O
``	O
Designing	B-WORK_OF_ART
Women	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


``	O
There	O
is	O
strong	O
indication	O
that	O
`	O
Teddy	B-WORK_OF_ART
Z	I-WORK_OF_ART
'	O
is	O
not	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
shows	O
it	O
is	O
surrounding	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
John	B-PERSON
Sisk	I-PERSON
,	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
at	O
J.	B-ORG
Walter	I-ORG
Thompson	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
WPP	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
``	O
Murphy	B-WORK_OF_ART
Brown	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
was	O
viewed	O
by	O
14.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
available	O
television	O
households	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
number	O
dropped	O
to	O
12.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
``	O
Teddy	B-WORK_OF_ART
Z	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
and	O
rose	O
to	O
14.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
``	O
Designing	B-WORK_OF_ART
Women	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


CBS	B-ORG
executives	O
said	O
the	O
program	O
is	O
also	O
slated	O
to	O
undergo	O
some	O
plot	O
changes	O
.	O


Creator	B-PERSON
Hugh	I-PERSON
Wilson	I-PERSON
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
included	O
the	O
lead	O
character	O
's	O
Greek	B-NORP
family	O
in	O
the	O
cast	O
,	O
``	O
but	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
right	O
focus	O
anymore	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
one	B-CARDINAL
CBS	B-ORG
executive	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
CBS	B-ORG
hopes	O
the	O
show	O
will	O
increasingly	O
highlight	O
the	O
talent	O
agency	O
and	O
the	O
business	O
of	O
being	O
an	O
agent	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
're	O
making	O
adjustments	O
on	O
the	O
show	O
,	O
yes	O
,	O
but	O
nothing	O
radical	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Craig	B-PERSON
Nelson	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
story	O
consultant	O
on	O
``	O
Teddy	B-WORK_OF_ART
Z	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


``	O
But	O
we	O
hope	O
to	O
keep	O
a	O
balance	O
between	O
the	O
office	O
and	O
the	O
family	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
opening	O
credits	O
are	O
being	O
redone	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Nelson	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
``	O
to	O
make	O
Teddy	O
's	O
situation	O
clear	O
to	O
viewers	O
who	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
with	O
us	O
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


Those	O
viewers	O
find	O
the	O
show	O
confusing	O
.	O


The	O
stock	O
market	O
's	O
woes	O
spooked	O
currency	O
traders	O
but	O
prompted	O
a	O
quiet	O
little	O
party	O
among	O
bond	O
investors	O
.	O


Prices	O
of	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
Treasury	B-ORG
bonds	O
moved	O
inversely	O
to	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
as	O
investors	O
sought	O
safety	O
amid	O
growing	O
evidence	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
weakening	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
shaky	O
economic	O
outlook	O
and	O
the	O
volatile	O
stock	O
market	O
forced	O
the	O
dollar	O
lower	O
against	O
major	O
currencies	O
.	O


The	O
bond	O
market	O
got	O
an	O
early	O
boost	O
from	O
the	O
opening	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
sell	O
-	O
off	O
in	O
stocks	O
.	O


That	O
rout	O
was	O
triggered	O
by	O
UAL	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
announcement	O
late	B-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
that	O
the	O
proposed	O
management	O
-	O
labor	O
buy	O
-	O
out	O
had	O
collapsed	O
.	O


The	O
80	B-CARDINAL
-	O
point	O
decline	O
in	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
during	O
the	O
morning	B-TIME
trading	O
session	O
touched	O
off	O
a	O
flight	O
to	O
safety	O
that	O
saw	O
investors	O
shifting	O
assets	O
from	O
stocks	O
to	O
Treasury	B-ORG
bonds	O
.	O


At	O
its	O
strongest	O
,	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
's	O
benchmark	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
bond	O
rose	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
point	O
,	O
or	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
for	O
each	O
$	O
1,000	B-MONEY
face	O
amount	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
recovered	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
losses	O
later	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
day	I-TIME
,	O
bond	O
prices	O
retreated	O
.	O


But	O
analysts	O
said	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
consecutive	O
decline	O
in	O
monthly	B-DATE
durable	O
-	O
goods	O
orders	O
and	O
lackluster	O
mid-October	B-DATE
auto	O
sales	O
helped	O
prop	O
up	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
market	O
.	O


A	O
slowing	O
economy	O
and	O
the	O
implication	O
of	O
lower	O
inflation	O
and	O
interest	O
rates	O
tend	O
to	O
bolster	O
bond	O
prices	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
surface	O
,	O
the	O
decline	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
durable	O
goods	O
--	O
only	B-PERCENT
0.1	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
--	O
did	O
n't	O
appear	O
very	O
weak	O
.	O


But	O
orders	O
for	O
non-defense	O
capital	O
goods	O
,	O
a	O
precursor	O
of	O
future	O
plant	O
and	O
equipment	O
spending	O
,	O
were	O
off	O
5.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
after	O
falling	O
10.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
August	B-DATE
.	O


Auto	O
makers	O
reported	O
that	O
mid-October	B-DATE
sales	O
were	O
running	O
at	O
an	O
annual	B-DATE
rate	O
of	O
about	B-CARDINAL
5.8	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
units	O
,	O
far	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
6.6	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
units	O
analysts	O
had	O
expected	O
.	O


Taken	O
together	O
,	O
the	O
auto	O
-	O
sales	O
and	O
durable	O
-	O
goods	O
reports	O
confirmed	O
perceptions	O
that	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
bogging	O
down	O
.	O


Although	O
analysts	O
do	O
n't	O
expect	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
to	O
ease	O
credit	O
policy	O
soon	O
,	O
reports	O
like	O
those	O
yesterday	B-DATE
help	O
build	O
the	O
case	O
for	O
lower	O
rates	O
.	O


Now	B-DATE
bond	O
investors	O
are	O
looking	O
toward	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
report	O
from	O
national	O
purchasing	O
managers	O
and	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
October	B-DATE
employment	O
report	O
as	O
potentially	O
prompting	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
to	O
lower	O
rates	O
.	O


The	O
stock	O
market	O
's	O
precipitous	O
drop	O
frightened	O
foreign	O
investors	O
,	O
who	O
quickly	O
bid	O
the	O
dollar	O
lower	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
stock	O
prices	O
recovered	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
losses	O
,	O
so	O
did	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
currency	O
.	O


Although	O
dealers	O
said	O
investors	O
are	O
becoming	O
more	O
bearish	O
toward	O
the	O
dollar	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
's	O
recent	O
troubles	O
and	O
as	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
economy	O
weakens	O
,	O
the	O
dollar	O
ended	O
down	O
only	O
modestly	O
.	O


In	O
major	O
market	O
activity	O
:	O
Bond	O
prices	O
rose	O
.	O


The	O
Treasury	B-ORG
's	O
benchmark	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
bond	O
gained	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
a	O
point	O
,	O
or	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
for	O
each	O
$	O
1,000	B-MONEY
face	O
amount	O
.	O


The	O
yield	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
slipped	O
to	O
7.89	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
dollar	O
retreated	O
.	O


In	O
late	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
trading	O
the	O
currency	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
1.8355	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
and	O
141.45	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
,	O
compared	O
with	O
1.8470	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
and	O
141.90	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
Lifestyles	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Rich	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Famous	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
may	O
be	O
visiting	O
some	O
new	O
venues	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
.	O


Judge	O
Robert	B-PERSON
-LRB-	I-PERSON
``	I-PERSON
Maximum	I-PERSON
Bob	I-PERSON
''	I-PERSON
-RRB-	I-PERSON
Potter	I-PERSON
sentenced	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Bakker	I-PERSON
to	O
45	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
big	O
house	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
while	O
a	O
Beverly	B-GPE
Hills	I-GPE
judge	O
tucked	O
away	O
Zsa	B-PERSON
Zsa	I-PERSON
Gabor	I-PERSON
for	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
plus	O
120	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
work	O
with	O
homeless	O
women	O
.	O


Miss	O
Gabor	B-PERSON
recanted	O
her	O
earlier	O
-	O
expressed	O
fear	O
of	O
jailhouse	O
lesbians	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bakker	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
was	O
guilty	O
of	O
sin	O
but	O
not	O
fraud	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
only	O
wonder	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
next	O
lost	O
soul	O
chosen	O
to	O
be	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
Celebrity	O
Convict	O
.	O


Boeing	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
Trans	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Airways	I-ORG
ordered	O
a	B-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
737	B-PRODUCT
jetliners	O
valued	O
at	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
450	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
300	B-PRODUCT
and	O
400	B-PRODUCT
series	I-PRODUCT
aircraft	O
will	O
be	O
powered	O
by	O
engines	O
jointly	O
produced	O
by	O
General	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
Snecma	B-ORG
of	O
France	B-GPE
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
Boeing	B-ORG
has	O
a	O
backlog	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
80	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
but	O
production	O
has	O
been	O
slowed	O
by	O
a	O
strike	O
of	O
55,000	B-CARDINAL
machinists	B-NORP
,	O
which	O
entered	O
its	B-DATE
22nd	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
today	I-DATE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
mediator	O
failed	O
to	O
rekindle	O
talks	O
between	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
the	O
strikers	O
,	O
who	O
have	O
rejected	O
a	O
pay	O
raise	O
offer	O
of	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Medieval	O
philosophers	O
used	O
to	O
hold	O
the	O
sensible	O
belief	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
more	O
perfect	O
to	O
exist	O
than	O
not	O
to	O
exist	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
to	O
exist	O
as	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
necessity	O
was	O
most	O
perfect	O
of	O
all	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
only	O
God	O
exists	O
as	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
absolute	O
necessity	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
built	O
into	O
His	O
nature	O
.	O


But	O
since	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Darwin	B-PERSON
,	O
we	O
humans	O
could	O
at	O
least	O
claim	O
a	O
sort	O
of	O
natural	O
necessity	O
for	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
our	O
species	O
.	O


Are	O
n't	O
we	O
,	O
after	O
all	O
,	O
the	O
inevitable	O
culmination	O
of	O
that	O
stately	O
pageant	O
called	O
evolution	O
?	O


If	O
mutation	O
and	O
natural	O
selection	O
slowly	O
but	O
surely	O
give	O
rise	O
to	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
advanced	O
forms	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
was	O
only	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
eons	B-DATE
before	O
splendid	O
beings	O
endowed	O
with	O
reason	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
awareness	O
and	O
taste	O
shimmered	O
onto	O
the	O
scene	O
.	O


Now	B-DATE
along	O
comes	O
Stephen	B-PERSON
Jay	I-PERSON
Gould	I-PERSON
to	O
dash	O
this	O
flattering	O
illusion	O
.	O


His	O
credentials	O
are	O
excellent	O
for	O
the	O
task	O
.	O


Star	O
lecturer	O
at	O
Harvard	B-ORG
,	O
author	O
of	O
numerous	O
popular	O
books	O
on	O
science	O
,	O
and	O
scourge	O
of	O
the	O
creationist	O
lobby	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Gould	B-PERSON
is	O
perhaps	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
most	O
eminent	O
evolutionary	O
theorist	O
.	O


Yet	O
he	O
puts	O
quite	O
a	O
twist	O
on	O
the	O
old	O
story	O
handed	O
down	O
from	O
Darwin	B-PERSON
.	O


For	O
him	O
,	O
natural	O
history	O
is	O
anything	O
but	O
a	O
gradual	O
,	O
predictable	O
march	O
from	O
primordial	O
slime	O
to	O
human	O
consciousness	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
careening	O
,	O
chaotic	O
affair	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
featherless	O
biped	O
was	O
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
in	O
-	O
a	O
-	O
million	O
shot	O
.	O


In	O
``	O
Wonderful	B-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Burgess	I-WORK_OF_ART
Shale	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Nature	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
History	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
-LRB-	O
Norton	B-ORG
,	O
326	B-CARDINAL
pages	O
,	O
$	O
19.95	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Gould	B-PERSON
makes	O
his	O
case	O
for	O
``	O
the	O
awesome	O
improbability	O
of	O
human	O
evolution	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
argument	O
turns	O
on	O
the	O
discovery	O
in	O
1909	B-DATE
of	O
an	O
amazing	O
fossil	O
quarry	O
high	O
in	O
the	O
Canadian	B-NORP
Rockies	B-LOC
called	O
the	B-LOC
Burgess	I-LOC
Shale	I-LOC
.	O


Here	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
area	O
smaller	O
than	O
a	O
city	O
block	O
,	O
lay	O
buried	O
traces	O
of	O
countless	O
weird	O
creatures	O
that	O
had	O
frolicked	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
500	I-DATE
million	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
--	O
creatures	O
whose	O
anatomical	O
variety	O
far	O
exceeded	O
what	O
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
oceans	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Such	O
an	O
embarrassment	O
of	O
riches	O
was	O
inconceivable	O
to	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
discovered	O
the	B-LOC
Burgess	I-LOC
Shale	I-LOC
,	O
one	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Doolittle	I-PERSON
Walcott	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
received	O
Darwinian	B-NORP
wisdom	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
said	O
that	O
animals	O
living	O
so	O
long	O
ago	O
must	O
be	O
simple	O
in	O
design	O
,	O
limited	O
in	O
scope	O
and	O
ancestral	O
to	O
contemporary	O
species	O
.	O


Accordingly	O
,	O
the	O
hidebound	O
traditionalist	O
reconstructed	O
hypothetical	O
organisms	O
from	O
the	O
Burgess	B-LOC
fossils	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
shoehorned	O
into	O
familiar	O
categories	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
not	O
until	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
that	O
Cambridge	B-GPE
Prof.	O
Harry	B-PERSON
Whittington	I-PERSON
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sharp	O
graduate	O
students	O
began	O
to	O
publish	O
a	O
reinterpretation	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Burgess	I-LOC
Shale	I-LOC
.	O


By	O
making	O
clever	O
inferences	O
about	O
how	O
the	O
squashed	O
and	O
distorted	O
fossil	O
remains	O
corresponded	O
to	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
dimensional	O
structures	O
,	O
this	O
trio	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
piece	O
together	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
wondrous	O
beasties	O
quite	O
unlike	O
anything	O
currently	O
on	O
the	O
planet	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
was	O
so	O
fantastic	O
in	O
appearance	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
dubbed	O
Hallucigenia	O
.	O


Would	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Gould	B-PERSON
's	O
minute	O
descriptions	O
of	O
these	O
creatures	O
was	O
always	O
so	O
colorful	O
.	O


A	O
good	O
deal	O
of	O
the	O
book	O
is	O
boring	O
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
endless	O
allusions	O
to	O
high	O
and	O
pop	O
culture	O
and	O
the	O
frequent	O
jokes	O
festooning	O
the	O
text	O
.	O


These	O
turns	O
do	O
not	O
provide	O
sufficient	O
relief	O
from	O
sentences	O
like	O
,	O
``	O
Most	O
modern	O
chelicerates	O
have	O
six	B-CARDINAL
uniramous	O
appendages	O
on	O
the	O
prosoma	O
.	O
''	O


Interest	O
picks	O
up	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
when	O
Mr.	O
Gould	B-PERSON
gets	O
around	O
to	O
discussing	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
the	O
Burgess	B-LOC
oddities	O
for	O
the	O
theory	O
of	O
evolution	O
.	O


Not	O
long	O
after	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
evidently	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
explosive	O
proliferation	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
animal	O
designs	O
seen	O
on	O
the	O
earth	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
were	O
wiped	O
out	O
by	O
a	O
succession	O
of	O
environmental	O
upheavals	O
that	O
were	O
too	O
sudden	O
and	O
catastrophic	O
for	O
the	O
normal	O
rules	O
of	O
natural	O
selection	O
to	O
operate	O
.	O


Consequently	O
,	O
the	O
winnowing	O
process	O
was	O
like	O
a	O
lottery	O
``	O
in	O
which	O
each	O
group	O
-LCB-	O
held	O
-RCB-	O
a	O
ticket	O
unrelated	O
to	O
its	O
anatomical	O
virtues	O
.	O


''	O
So	O
much	O
for	O
survival	O
of	O
the	O
fittest	O
.	O


So	O
much	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
we	O
humans	O
triumphed	O
in	O
the	O
Darwinian	B-NORP
struggle	O
by	O
evolving	O
big	O
brains	O
.	O


Our	O
mammalian	O
forerunners	O
lucked	O
out	O
through	O
the	O
extraterrestrial	O
impact	O
that	O
did	O
in	O
the	O
dinosaurs	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
small	O
,	O
not	O
smart	O
.	O


If	O
anyone	O
has	O
difficulty	O
imagining	O
a	O
world	O
in	O
which	O
history	O
went	O
merrily	O
on	O
without	O
us	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Gould	B-PERSON
sketches	O
several	O
.	O


In	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
birds	O
are	O
the	O
dominant	O
carnivores	O
;	O
in	O
another	O
the	O
seas	O
abound	O
with	O
``	O
little	O
penises	O
.	O
''	O


Back	O
when	O
the	O
Burgess	B-LOC
fauna	O
were	O
flourishing	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
,	O
human	O
evolutionary	O
hopes	O
hung	O
on	O
the	O
survival	O
of	O
a	O
little	O
worm	O
with	O
a	O
backbone	O
called	O
Pikaia	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Gould	B-PERSON
finds	O
this	O
oddly	O
exhilarating	O
;	O
like	O
an	O
existentialist	O
of	O
old	O
,	O
he	O
views	O
our	O
contingency	O
as	O
``	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
both	O
freedom	O
and	O
consequent	O
moral	O
responsibility	O
.	O
''	O


I	O
,	O
by	O
contrast	O
,	O
can	O
not	O
help	O
feeling	O
that	O
if	O
some	O
other	O
curiosity	O
from	O
the	B-LOC
Burgess	I-LOC
Shale	I-LOC
had	O
survived	O
instead	O
,	O
beings	O
at	O
once	O
wiser	O
and	O
less	O
boorish	O
than	O
Homo	O
sapiens	O
might	O
have	O
eventually	O
gained	O
earthly	O
dominion	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
if	O
no	O
conscious	O
life	O
had	O
evolved	O
here	O
at	O
all	O
,	O
the	O
universe	O
is	O
a	O
big	O
place	O
,	O
and	O
given	O
the	O
right	O
conditions	O
,	O
sympathetic	O
to	O
creating	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


Surely	O
at	O
some	O
other	O
cosmic	O
address	O
a	O
Gouldoid	O
creature	O
would	O
have	O
risen	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
ooze	O
to	O
explain	O
why	O
,	O
paleontologically	O
speaking	O
,	O
``	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
indeed	O
,	O
a	O
wonderful	O
life	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Holt	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
columnist	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Literary	I-ORG
Review	I-ORG
in	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
scrambled	O
to	O
play	O
down	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
its	O
new	O
guidelines	O
concerning	O
prosecutions	O
under	O
the	O
federal	O
racketeering	O
law	O
.	O


The	O
guidelines	O
were	O
distributed	O
to	O
U.S.	B-GPE
attorneys	O
last	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
but	O
were	O
disclosed	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
by	O
press	O
reports	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


They	O
discourage	O
prosecutors	O
,	O
under	O
certain	O
circumstances	O
,	O
from	O
seeking	O
court	O
orders	O
seizing	O
the	O
assets	O
of	O
racketeering	O
defendants	O
prior	O
to	O
trial	O
.	O


But	O
David	B-PERSON
Runkel	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
Justice	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
spokesman	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
guidelines	O
``	O
are	O
a	O
codification	O
and	O
a	O
clarification	O
far	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
new	O
direction	O
.	O
''	O


Use	O
of	O
the	O
Racketeer	B-LAW
Influenced	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
Corrupt	I-LAW
Organizations	I-LAW
law	O
against	O
white	O
-	O
collar	O
defendants	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
alleged	O
organized	O
-	O
crime	O
figures	O
,	O
has	O
come	O
under	O
attack	O
from	O
some	O
defense	O
lawyers	O
and	O
legal	O
scholars	O
.	O


Critics	O
have	O
complained	O
that	O
the	O
law	O
unfairly	O
strips	O
defendants	O
of	O
assets	O
before	O
a	O
jury	O
determines	O
they	O
have	O
committed	O
a	O
crime	O
and	O
that	O
aggressive	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
forfeiture	O
provisions	O
can	O
ruin	O
corporate	O
defendants	O
or	O
force	O
them	O
into	O
unfavorable	O
plea	O
bargains	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
new	O
guidelines	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
says	O
that	O
in	O
attempting	O
to	O
freeze	O
disputed	O
assets	O
before	O
trial	O
,	O
``	O
the	O
government	O
will	O
not	O
seek	O
to	O
disrupt	O
the	O
normal	O
,	O
legitimate	O
business	O
activities	O
of	O
the	O
defendant	O
''	O
and	O
``	O
will	O
not	O
seek	O
...	O
to	O
take	O
from	O
third	B-ORDINAL
parties	O
assets	O
legitimately	O
transferred	O
to	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
guidelines	O
also	O
state	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
government	O
's	O
policy	O
is	O
not	O
to	O
seek	O
the	O
fullest	O
forfeiture	O
permissible	O
under	O
the	O
law	O
where	O
that	O
forfeiture	O
would	O
be	O
disproportionate	O
to	O
the	O
defendant	O
's	O
crime	O
.	O
''	O


Another	O
provision	O
clarifies	O
certain	O
limits	O
on	O
when	O
prosecutors	O
may	O
use	O
tax	O
-	O
fraud	O
charges	O
as	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
bringing	O
a	O
racketeering	O
case	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Runkel	B-PERSON
declined	O
to	O
speculate	O
on	O
whether	O
the	O
guidelines	O
would	O
curb	O
racketeering	O
prosecutions	O
against	O
corporate	O
defendants	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
impact	O
,	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
any	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
impossible	O
to	O
judge	O
ahead	O
of	O
time	O
because	O
the	O
decision	O
whether	O
to	O
use	O
-LCB-	O
racketeering	O
charges	O
-RCB-	O
is	O
made	O
in	O
individual	O
cases	O
''	O
by	O
Justice	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
officials	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
memorandum	O
describing	O
the	O
guidelines	O
,	O
Assistant	O
Attorney	O
General	O
Edward	B-PERSON
Dennis	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
government	O
efforts	O
to	O
freeze	O
defendants	O
'	O
assets	O
pending	O
racketeering	O
prosecutions	O
``	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
considerable	O
criticism	O
in	O
the	O
press	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Runkel	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
n't	O
``	O
backing	O
off	O
on	O
these	O
kinds	O
of	O
matters	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


California	B-GPE
legislators	O
,	O
searching	O
for	O
ways	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
damages	O
from	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
earthquake	O
,	O
are	O
laying	O
the	O
groundwork	O
for	O
a	O
temporary	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
sales	O
tax	O
.	O


The	O
talk	O
of	O
a	O
sales	O
tax	O
rise	O
follows	O
a	O
rebuff	O
from	O
Congress	B-ORG
on	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
how	O
much	O
the	O
federal	O
government	O
is	O
willing	O
to	O
spend	O
to	O
aid	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
earthquake	O
relief	O
efforts	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
had	O
sought	O
as	B-MONEY
much	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
4.1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
relief	O
,	O
but	O
yesterday	B-DATE
the	O
House	B-ORG
approved	O
a	O
more	O
general	O
scaled	O
-	O
back	O
measure	O
calling	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
2.85	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
aid	O
,	O
the	O
bulk	O
of	O
which	O
would	O
go	O
to	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
an	O
unspecified	O
amount	O
going	O
to	O
regions	O
affected	O
by	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
.	O


That	O
leaves	O
the	O
state	O
roughly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
short	O
.	O


A	O
sales	O
tax	O
increase	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
fastest	O
and	O
easiest	O
to	O
raise	O
funds	O
in	O
a	O
hurry	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
state	O
department	O
of	O
finance	O
,	O
a	O
one	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
penny	I-MONEY
increase	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
six	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
per	O
dollar	O
sales	O
tax	O
could	O
raise	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Willie	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
,	O
speaker	O
of	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
Assembly	B-ORG
,	O
said	O
that	O
Gov.	O
George	B-PERSON
Deukmejian	I-PERSON
has	O
agreed	O
to	O
schedule	O
a	O
special	O
session	O
of	O
the	O
legislature	O
within	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


California	B-GPE
's	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
Gann	B-LAW
limit	O
effectively	O
prevents	O
the	O
state	O
from	O
spending	O
new	O
tax	O
money	O
and	O
so	O
drastically	O
limits	O
its	O
options	O
in	O
an	O
emergency	O
.	O


Both	O
Mr.	O
Brown	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
most	O
influential	O
legislator	O
,	O
and	O
Gov.	O
Deukmejian	B-PERSON
favor	O
a	O
temporary	O
sales	O
tax	O
increase	O
--	O
should	O
more	O
money	O
be	O
needed	O
than	O
the	O
state	O
can	O
raise	O
from	O
existing	O
sources	O
and	O
the	O
federal	O
government	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
a	O
spokesman	O
,	O
the	O
governor	O
is	O
also	O
studying	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
raising	O
state	O
gasoline	O
taxes	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Brown	B-PERSON
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
believes	O
``	O
only	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
tax	O
will	O
be	O
feasible	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
one	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
penny	I-MONEY
sales	O
tax	O
increase	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
Dalldorf	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
aide	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
immediate	O
source	O
of	O
money	O
is	O
an	O
emergency	O
fund	O
set	O
up	O
by	O
Gov.	O
Deukmejian	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
fund	O
has	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
and	O
is	O
set	O
up	O
to	O
handle	O
``	O
precisely	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
emergency	O
''	O
the	O
state	O
faces	O
,	O
said	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Beermann	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Governor	O
's	O
deputy	O
press	O
secretary	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
fund	O
's	O
size	O
is	O
disputed	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Brown	B-PERSON
's	O
office	O
,	O
which	O
estimates	O
the	O
fund	O
holds	O
from	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
630	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
800	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
an	O
aide	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Brown	B-PERSON
said	O
Gov.	O
Deukmejian	B-PERSON
``	O
has	O
expressed	O
a	O
desire	O
not	O
to	O
spend	O
all	O
the	O
reserve	O
on	O
this	O
.	O
''	O


To	O
push	O
through	O
a	O
sales	O
tax	O
increase	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
state	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
suspend	O
the	O
Gann	B-LAW
limit	O
,	O
citing	O
an	O
emergency	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
lower	O
taxes	O
by	O
a	O
corresponding	O
amount	O
during	O
a	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
period	O
after	O
the	O
temporary	O
tax	O
increase	O
ends	O
,	O
said	O
Cindy	B-PERSON
Katz	I-PERSON
,	O
assistant	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
department	O
of	O
finance	O
.	O


A	O
sales	O
tax	O
increase	O
would	O
require	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
approval	O
in	O
both	O
houses	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
legislature	O
.	O


But	O
observers	O
expect	O
broad	O
support	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
there	O
's	O
an	O
emergency	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
n't	O
sufficient	O
funds	O
from	O
elsewhere	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
attitude	O
will	O
be	O
supportive	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Kirk	B-PERSON
West	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
California	B-GPE
Chamber	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
others	O
think	O
property	O
owners	O
ought	O
to	O
pay	O
a	O
higher	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
earthquake	O
relief	O
tab	O
.	O


Since	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
,	O
California	B-GPE
property	O
owners	O
have	O
benefited	O
from	O
a	O
tax	O
rollback	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
state	O
ballot	O
initiative	O
known	O
as	O
Proposition	B-LAW
13	I-LAW
.	O


The	O
state	O
could	O
also	O
increase	O
gasoline	O
taxes	O
;	O
every	O
one	B-MONEY
penny	I-MONEY
increase	O
in	O
the	O
tax	O
would	O
yield	O
$	B-MONEY
11	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	O
month	O
.	O


But	O
Gov.	O
Deukmejian	B-PERSON
and	O
others	O
are	O
reluctant	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
to	O
harm	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
chances	O
of	O
sharply	O
raising	O
gasoline	O
taxes	O
on	O
a	O
permanent	O
basis	O
.	O


To	O
raise	O
more	O
highway	O
funds	O
,	O
a	O
measure	O
to	O
double	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
nine	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
a	O
gallon	O
tax	O
over	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
is	O
set	O
to	O
appear	O
on	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
June	B-DATE
election	O
ballot	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
fear	O
imposing	O
a	O
temporary	O
gasoline	O
tax	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
meantime	O
could	O
undercut	O
support	O
among	O
voters	O
for	O
the	O
measure	O
.	O


Not	O
everyone	O
is	O
convinced	O
the	O
state	O
must	O
raise	O
new	O
revenue	O
to	O
meet	O
its	O
earthquake	O
needs	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
possible	O
,	O
though	O
not	O
probable	O
,	O
''	O
that	O
the	O
state	O
could	O
get	O
by	O
with	O
its	O
existing	O
resources	O
and	O
federal	O
help	O
,	O
said	O
Quentin	B-PERSON
Kopp	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
senate	O
's	O
transportation	O
committee	O
.	O


Separately	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
injured	O
in	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
earthquake	O
-	O
triggered	O
freeway	O
collapse	O
in	O
Oakland	B-GPE
began	O
a	O
legal	O
battle	O
against	O
the	O
state	O
over	O
whether	O
officials	O
adequately	O
heeded	O
warnings	O
about	O
the	O
structure	O
's	O
safety	O
.	O


The	O
claims	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
filed	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Control	I-ORG
but	O
will	O
probably	O
end	O
up	O
in	O
court	O
,	O
are	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
arising	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
collapse	O
of	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
Cypress	B-FAC
structure	O
viaduct	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
can	O
defeat	O
immunities	O
that	O
states	O
often	O
assert	O
in	O
court	O
by	O
showing	O
that	O
officials	O
knew	O
or	O
should	O
have	O
known	O
that	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
structure	O
was	O
defective	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
failed	O
to	O
make	O
reasonable	O
changes	O
.	O


A	O
Board	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Control	I-ORG
spokesman	O
said	O
the	O
board	O
had	O
not	O
seen	O
the	O
claim	O
and	O
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
.	O


People	O
start	O
their	O
own	O
businesses	O
for	O
many	O
reasons	O
.	O


But	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
fill	O
out	O
sales	O
-	O
tax	O
records	O
is	O
rarely	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
.	O


Red	O
tape	O
is	O
the	O
bugaboo	O
of	O
small	O
business	O
.	O


Ironically	O
,	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
wants	O
to	O
run	O
his	O
or	O
her	O
own	O
business	O
is	O
probably	O
the	O
active	O
,	O
results	O
-	O
oriented	O
sort	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
hate	O
meeting	O
the	O
rules	O
and	O
record	O
-	O
keeping	O
demands	O
of	O
federal	O
,	O
state	O
and	O
local	O
regulators	O
.	O


Yet	O
every	O
business	O
owner	O
has	O
to	O
face	O
the	O
mound	O
of	O
forms	O
and	O
regulations	O
--	O
and	O
often	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
available	O
to	O
tackle	O
it	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
hope	O
of	O
change	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
Sen.	O
Malcolm	B-PERSON
Wallop	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
R.	B-NORP
,	O
Wyo	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
held	O
hearings	O
on	O
a	O
bill	O
to	O
strengthen	O
an	O
existing	O
law	O
designed	O
to	O
reduce	O
regulatory	O
hassles	O
for	O
small	O
businesses	O
.	O


``	O
A	O
great	O
many	O
federal	O
regulations	O
are	O
meant	O
for	O
larger	O
entities	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
apply	O
to	O
small	O
businesses	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Marian	B-PERSON
Jacob	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
legislative	O
aide	O
to	O
Sen.	O
Wallop	B-PERSON
.	O


Other	O
lawmakers	O
are	O
busy	O
trying	O
to	O
revive	O
the	O
recently	O
lapsed	O
Paperwork	B-LAW
Reduction	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
,	O
which	O
many	O
feel	O
benefited	O
small	O
enterprises	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
optimistic	O
entrepreneurs	O
await	O
a	O
promised	O
land	O
of	O
less	O
red	O
tape	O
--	O
just	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
Uncle	B-PERSON
Sam	I-PERSON
gets	O
around	O
to	O
arranging	O
it	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
they	O
tackle	O
the	O
mounds	O
of	O
paper	O
--	O
and	O
fantasize	O
about	O
a	O
dream	O
world	O
where	O
bulk	O
-	O
mail	O
postal	O
regulations	O
and	O
government	O
inspectors	O
are	O
banished	O
.	O


To	O
find	O
out	O
what	O
red	O
tape	O
riles	O
entrepreneurs	O
most	O
,	O
the	O
Journal	B-ORG
asked	O
a	O
completely	O
unscientific	O
,	O
random	O
sample	O
of	O
business	O
owners	O
to	O
fantasize	O
about	O
the	O
forms	O
and	O
regulations	O
they	O
would	O
most	O
like	O
to	O
get	O
lost	O
in	O
the	O
mail	O
.	O


Some	O
entrepreneurs	O
say	O
the	O
red	O
tape	O
they	O
most	O
love	O
to	O
hate	O
is	O
red	O
tape	O
they	O
would	O
also	O
hate	O
to	O
lose	O
.	O


They	O
concede	O
that	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
meddling	O
that	O
torments	O
them	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
good	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
to	O
their	O
own	O
businesses	O
.	O


Rules	O
that	O
set	O
standards	O
for	O
products	O
or	O
govern	O
business	O
behavior	O
,	O
generally	O
the	O
best	O
regarded	O
form	O
of	O
red	O
tape	O
,	O
``	O
create	O
a	O
level	O
playing	O
field	O
and	O
keep	O
unscrupulous	O
competitors	O
away	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Sidney	B-PERSON
West	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
TechDesign	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Springfield	B-GPE
,	O
Va.	B-GPE
,	O
business	O
that	O
designs	O
telecommunication	O
and	O
other	O
products	O
.	O


Mr.	O
West	B-PERSON
cites	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
and	O
its	O
standards	O
for	O
telecommunications	O
equipment	O
:	O
``	O
They	O
monitor	O
product	O
quality	O
and	O
prevent	O
junk	O
from	O
flooding	O
the	O
market	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
gripes	O
about	O
red	O
tape	O
are	O
predictable	O
:	O
Architects	O
complain	O
about	O
a	O
host	O
of	O
building	O
regulations	O
,	O
auto	O
leasing	O
companies	O
about	O
car	O
insurance	O
rules	O
.	O


Determining	O
when	O
handicapped	O
access	O
is	O
required	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
nightmare	O
for	O
architects	O
,	O
says	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Dooling	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Dooling	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Newton	B-GPE
,	O
Mass.	B-GPE
,	O
architectural	O
firm	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
such	O
a	O
maze	O
of	O
federal	O
,	O
state	O
and	O
local	O
codes	O
that	O
``	O
building	O
inspectors	O
are	O
backing	O
away	O
from	O
interpreting	O
them	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Dooling	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Taxi	O
,	O
leasing	O
and	O
other	O
companies	O
that	O
maintain	O
fleets	O
of	O
vehicles	O
devote	O
substantial	O
resources	O
to	O
complying	O
with	O
state	O
insurance	O
laws	O
and	O
a	O
host	O
of	O
agencies	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
very	O
costly	O
and	O
time	O
-	O
consuming	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Rosen	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
partner	O
in	O
Fleet	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Leasing	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Boston	B-GPE
car	O
-	O
leasing	O
company	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
senior	O
executive	O
at	O
his	O
firm	O
spends	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
20	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
his	O
time	O
on	O
insurance	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Other	O
forms	O
of	O
red	O
tape	O
are	O
more	O
pervasive	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
onerous	O
,	O
many	O
entrepreneurs	O
say	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
record	O
-	O
keeping	O
and	O
filing	O
required	O
by	O
tax	O
authorities	O
.	O


Complying	O
with	O
environmental	O
and	O
workplace	O
regulations	O
runs	O
a	O
close	O
second	B-ORDINAL
.	O


But	O
gripes	O
run	O
the	O
gamut	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
the	O
red	O
tape	O
that	O
irks	O
surveyed	O
business	O
owners	O
the	O
most	O
:	O


ENVIRONMENTAL	O
REGULATIONS	O
:	O


Next	O
to	O
medical	O
insurance	O
,	O
``	O
costs	O
of	O
compliance	O
''	O
are	O
the	O
fastest	O
-	O
growing	O
expense	O
at	O
Impco	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Providence	B-GPE
,	O
R.I.	B-GPE
,	O
chemical	O
company	O
.	O


Peter	B-PERSON
Gebhard	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
owner	O
,	O
says	O
spending	O
on	O
regulatory	O
paper	O
work	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
--	O
mostly	O
to	O
comply	O
with	O
federal	O
,	O
state	O
and	O
local	O
environmental	O
laws	O
--	O
will	O
rise	O
almost	B-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
$	O
100,000	B-MONEY
.	O


Mr.	O
Gebhard	B-PERSON
adds	O
that	O
spending	O
on	O
environmental	O
red	O
tape	O
amounts	O
to	O
between	B-PERCENT
6.5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	I-PERCENT
7.5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Impco	B-ORG
's	O
total	O
operating	O
expenses	O
.	O


Eastern	B-ORG
Reproduction	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Waltham	B-GPE
,	O
Mass.	B-GPE
,	O
maker	O
of	O
thin	O
metal	O
precision	O
parts	O
,	O
must	O
report	O
to	O
five	B-CARDINAL
federal	O
and	O
state	O
agencies	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
local	O
fire	O
,	O
police	O
,	O
hospital	O
and	O
plumbing	O
authorities	O
,	O
says	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Maguire	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
state	O
environmental	O
regulator	O
returned	O
a	O
report	O
because	O
``	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
heavy	O
enough	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
n't	O
have	O
been	O
correct	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Maguire	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


WITHHOLDING	O
RULES	O
:	O


Employers	O
must	O
deposit	O
withholding	O
taxes	O
exceeding	O
$	O
3,000	B-MONEY
within	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
payroll	O
--	O
or	O
pay	O
stiff	O
penalties	O
--	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
problem	O
for	O
small	O
businesses	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
especially	O
nettlesome	O
``	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
and	O
you	O
're	O
the	O
one	O
responsible	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Eddie	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Brown	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Baltimore	B-GPE
money	O
-	O
management	O
firm	O
.	O


EMPLOYEE	O
MANUALS	O
:	O


Revising	O
employee	O
manuals	O
on	O
pensions	O
,	O
health	O
care	O
and	O
other	O
subjects	O
costs	O
over	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
25,000	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
for	O
Bert	B-PERSON
Giguiere	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Professional	B-ORG
Agricultural	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Fresno	B-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
,	O
provider	O
of	O
business	O
services	O
to	O
farmers	O
.	O


An	O
employer	O
leaves	O
itself	O
open	O
to	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
liability	O
if	O
its	O
employee	O
manuals	O
do	O
n't	O
reflect	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
laws	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
ever	O
-	O
changing	O
laws	O
are	O
usually	O
so	O
complicated	O
and	O
confusing	O
that	O
``	O
you	O
need	O
professionals	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
;	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
yourself	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
adds	O
.	O


PENSION	O
AND	O
PROFIT	O
-	O
SHARING	O
RULES	O
:	O


Complying	O
with	O
these	O
is	O
enough	O
to	O
make	O
business	O
owners	O
look	O
forward	O
to	O
their	B-DATE
own	I-DATE
pension	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Yearly	B-DATE
changes	O
in	O
federal	O
benefit	O
laws	O
force	O
small	O
businesses	O
to	O
repeatedly	O
re-evaluate	O
and	O
redesign	O
existing	O
plans	O
.	O


Alice	B-PERSON
Fixx	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
runs	O
her	O
own	O
public	O
-	O
relations	O
concern	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
says	O
she	O
has	O
had	O
to	O
overhaul	O
her	O
pension	O
and	O
profit	O
-	O
sharing	O
plans	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
It	O
does	O
n't	O
increase	O
benefits	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
costly	O
and	O
time	O
-	O
consuming	O
,	O
''	O
Ms.	O
Fixx	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Compliance	O
added	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
20	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
her	O
accounting	O
bill	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
she	O
says	O
.	O


SALES	O
TAX	O
RECORDS	O
:	O


Advertising	O
agencies	O
and	O
other	O
service	O
companies	O
are	O
exempt	O
from	O
city	O
and	O
state	O
sales	O
tax	O
in	O
most	O
locales	O
--	O
but	O
the	O
exemption	O
comes	O
at	O
a	O
price	O
of	O
exhaustive	O
records	O
and	O
rigorous	O
reviews	O
.	O


To	O
justify	O
their	O
exempt	O
status	O
and	O
avoid	O
penalties	O
,	O
these	O
businesses	O
must	O
show	O
once	O
a	O
year	O
that	O
each	O
and	O
every	O
transaction	O
on	O
which	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
pay	O
sales	O
tax	O
was	O
a	O
legitimate	O
business	O
expense	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
need	O
one	B-CARDINAL
person	O
to	O
just	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
sales	O
tax	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Jennie	B-PERSON
Tong	I-PERSON
,	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
Lee	B-ORG
Liu	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Tong	I-ORG
Advertising	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


When	O
the	B-ORG
Trinity	I-ORG
Repertory	I-ORG
Theater	I-ORG
named	O
Anne	B-PERSON
Bogart	I-PERSON
its	O
artistic	O
director	O
last	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
theatrical	O
cognoscenti	O
arched	O
a	O
collective	O
eyebrow	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Bogart	B-PERSON
,	O
an	O
acclaimed	O
creator	O
of	O
deconstructed	O
dramatic	O
collages	O
that	O
tear	O
into	O
such	O
sacred	O
texts	O
as	O
Rodgers	B-PERSON
and	O
Hammerstein	B-PERSON
's	O
``	O
South	B-WORK_OF_ART
Pacific	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
is	O
decidedly	O
downtown	O
.	O


Trinity	B-ORG
Rep	I-ORG
meanwhile	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
oldest	O
and	O
most	O
respected	O
regional	O
theaters	O
,	O
still	O
hosting	O
an	O
annual	B-DATE
``	O
A	B-WORK_OF_ART
Christmas	I-WORK_OF_ART
Carol	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


How	O
would	O
this	O
bastion	O
of	O
traditional	O
values	O
fare	O
in	O
Ms.	O
Bogart	B-PERSON
's	O
iconoclastic	O
hands	O
?	O


She	O
held	O
her	O
fire	O
with	O
her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
production	O
at	O
the	O
Trinity	B-ORG
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
season	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
predictable	O
revival	O
of	O
her	O
prize	O
-	O
winning	O
off	O
-	O
Broadway	B-FAC
anthology	O
of	O
Bertolt	B-PERSON
Brecht	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
theoretical	O
writings	O
,	O
called	O
``	O
No	B-WORK_OF_ART
Plays	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
No	I-WORK_OF_ART
Poetry	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Now	B-DATE
,	O
with	O
the	O
opening	O
of	O
Maxim	B-PERSON
Gorky	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
bourgeois	O
-	O
bashing	O
``	O
Summerfolk	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
Ms.	O
Bogart	B-PERSON
has	O
laid	O
her	O
cards	O
on	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


Hers	O
is	O
a	O
hand	O
that	O
will	O
test	O
the	O
mettle	O
of	O
her	O
audiences	O
.	O


For	O
Ms.	O
Bogart	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
initially	O
studied	O
and	O
directed	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
and	O
cites	O
such	O
European	B-NORP
directors	O
as	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Stein	I-PERSON
,	O
Giorgio	B-PERSON
Strehler	I-PERSON
and	O
Ariane	B-PERSON
Mnouchkine	I-PERSON
as	O
influences	O
-RRB-	O
tends	O
to	O
stage	O
her	O
productions	O
with	O
a	O
Brechtian	O
rigor	O
--	O
whether	O
the	O
text	O
demands	O
it	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


And	O
Gorky	B-PERSON
,	O
considered	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Soviet	B-NORP
socialist	O
realism	O
,	O
did	O
not	O
write	O
plays	O
that	O
easily	O
lend	O
themselves	O
to	O
deliberately	O
antirealistic	O
distancing	O
techniques	O
.	O


Gorky	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
loyal	O
if	O
occasionally	O
ambivalent	O
proletarian	O
writer	O
committed	O
to	O
enlightening	O
the	O
masses	O
with	O
plain	O
speaking	O
rooted	O
in	O
a	O
slightly	O
sour	O
version	O
of	O
Chekhovian	B-NORP
humanism	O
.	O


And	O
``	O
Summerfolk	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
penned	O
in	O
1904	B-DATE
as	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
sequel	O
to	O
Chekhov	B-PERSON
's	O
``	O
Cherry	B-WORK_OF_ART
Orchard	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
is	O
a	O
lawn	O
party	O
of	O
Russian	B-NORP
yuppies	O
engaged	O
in	O
an	O
exhausting	O
ideological	O
fight	O
to	O
the	O
finish	O
between	O
the	O
allrightniks	O
and	O
the	O
reformers	O
.	O


Along	O
the	O
way	O
there	O
also	O
are	O
lots	O
of	O
romantic	O
dalliances	O
.	O


Wisely	O
Ms.	O
Bogart	B-PERSON
has	O
kept	O
Gorky	B-PERSON
's	O
time	O
and	O
place	O
intact	O
.	O


Despite	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
samovars	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
a	O
tendency	O
to	O
turn	O
the	O
furniture	O
upside	O
down	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
production	O
is	O
rich	O
in	O
Russian	B-NORP
ennui	O
voiced	O
by	O
languorous	O
folk	O
sporting	O
beige	O
linen	O
and	O
rumpled	O
cotton	O
,	O
with	O
boaters	O
and	O
fishing	O
poles	O
aplenty	O
.	O


But	O
beyond	O
this	O
decorative	O
nod	O
to	O
tradition	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Bogart	B-PERSON
and	O
company	O
head	O
off	O
in	O
a	O
stylistic	O
direction	O
that	O
all	O
but	O
transforms	O
Gorky	B-PERSON
's	O
naturalistic	O
drama	O
into	O
something	O
akin	O
to	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
farce	O
.	O


The	O
director	O
's	O
attempt	O
to	O
force	O
some	O
Brechtian	O
distance	O
between	O
her	O
actors	O
and	O
their	O
characters	O
frequently	O
backfires	O
with	O
performances	O
that	O
are	O
unduly	O
mannered	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
do	O
the	O
actors	O
stand	O
outside	O
their	O
characters	O
and	O
make	O
it	O
clear	O
they	O
are	O
at	O
odds	O
with	O
them	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
often	O
literally	O
stand	O
on	O
their	O
heads	O
.	O


Like	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Sellars	I-PERSON
,	O
Ms.	O
Bogart	B-PERSON
manipulates	O
her	O
actors	O
as	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
rag	O
dolls	O
,	O
sprawling	O
them	O
on	O
staircases	O
,	O
dangling	O
them	O
off	O
tables	O
,	O
even	O
hanging	O
them	O
from	O
precipices	O
while	O
having	O
them	O
perform	O
some	O
gymnastic	O
feats	O
of	O
derring	O
-	O
do	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
moments	O
in	O
this	O
``	O
Summerfolk	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
when	O
the	O
characters	O
populating	O
the	O
vast	O
multilevel	O
country	O
house	O
-LRB-	O
which	O
looks	O
like	O
a	O
parody	O
of	O
Frank	B-PERSON
Lloyd	I-PERSON
Wright	I-PERSON
and	O
is	O
designed	O
by	O
Victoria	B-PERSON
Petrovich	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
spout	O
philosophic	O
bon	O
mots	O
with	O
the	O
self	O
-	O
conscious	O
rat	O
-	O
a	O
-	O
tat	O
-	O
tat	O
pacing	O
of	O
``	O
Laugh	B-WORK_OF_ART
In	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


``	O
Talk	O
hurts	O
from	O
where	O
it	O
spurts	O
,	O
''	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
says	O
.	O


The	O
clash	O
of	O
ideologies	O
survives	O
this	O
treatment	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
nuance	O
and	O
richness	O
of	O
Gorky	B-PERSON
's	O
individual	O
characters	O
have	O
vanished	O
in	O
the	O
scuffle	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
humor	O
that	O
Gorky	B-PERSON
's	O
text	O
provides	O
,	O
when	O
repainted	O
in	O
such	O
broad	O
strokes	O
-LRB-	O
particularly	O
by	O
the	O
lesser	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
ensemble	O
-RRB-	O
it	O
looks	O
and	O
sounds	O
forced	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Bogart	B-PERSON
does	O
better	O
with	O
music	O
than	O
with	O
words	O
when	O
she	O
wants	O
,	O
as	O
she	O
so	O
often	O
does	O
want	O
,	O
to	O
express	O
herself	O
through	O
Gorky	B-PERSON
's	O
helpless	O
play	O
.	O


Here	O
she	O
has	O
the	O
aid	O
of	O
her	O
longtime	O
associate	O
Jeff	B-PERSON
Helpern	I-PERSON
,	O
whom	O
she	O
appointed	O
Trinity	B-ORG
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
ever	O
musical	O
director	O
and	O
whom	O
she	O
equipped	O
with	O
a	O
spanking	O
new	O
$	O
60,000	B-MONEY
sound	O
system	O
and	O
recording	O
studio	O
.	O


For	O
Gorky	B-PERSON
,	O
Mr.	O
Helpern	B-PERSON
provided	O
an	O
aural	O
collage	O
of	O
Debussy	B-PERSON
and	O
Rachmaninoff	B-PERSON
,	O
which	O
is	O
less	O
a	O
score	O
than	O
a	O
separate	O
character	O
with	O
a	O
distinct	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
.	O


Like	O
Brecht	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
indeed	O
Ezra	B-PERSON
Pound	I-PERSON
,	O
Ms.	O
Bogart	B-PERSON
has	O
said	O
that	O
her	O
intent	O
in	O
such	O
manipulative	O
staging	O
of	O
the	O
classics	O
is	O
simply	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
``	O
make	O
it	O
new	O
.	O
''	O


Indeed	O
,	O
during	O
a	O
recent	O
post-production	O
audience	O
discussion	O
,	O
the	O
director	O
explained	O
that	O
her	O
fondest	O
artistic	O
wish	O
was	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
play	O
``	O
Somewhere	B-WORK_OF_ART
Over	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Rainbow	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
song	O
's	O
``	O
original	O
beauty	O
comes	O
through	O
,	O
''	O
surmounting	O
the	O
cliche	O
.	O


The	O
danger	O
that	O
Ms.	O
Bogart	B-PERSON
seems	O
to	O
be	O
courting	O
here	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
obfuscation	O
rather	O
than	O
rejuvenation	O
,	O
a	O
vision	O
so	O
at	O
odds	O
with	O
the	O
playwright	O
's	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
points	O
of	O
view	O
nullify	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
illuminate	O
,	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Bogart	B-PERSON
's	O
cast	O
is	O
part	O
and	O
parcel	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


Ed	B-PERSON
Shea	I-PERSON
and	O
Barbara	B-PERSON
Orson	I-PERSON
never	O
find	O
a	O
real	O
reason	O
for	O
their	O
love	O
affair	O
as	O
the	O
foolish	O
,	O
idealistic	O
young	O
Vass	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
tirelessly	O
humanitarian	O
doctor	O
Maria	B-PERSON
Lvovna	I-PERSON
.	O


Cynthia	B-PERSON
Strickland	I-PERSON
as	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
suffering	O
Varvara	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
tiresome	O
whiner	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
inspirational	O
counterrevolutionary	O
Gorky	B-PERSON
intended	O
.	O


Better	O
to	O
look	O
in	O
the	O
corners	O
for	O
performances	O
that	O
inspire	O
or	O
amuse	O
.	O


Janice	B-PERSON
Duclos	I-PERSON
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
possessing	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
evening	B-TIME
's	O
more	O
impressive	O
vocal	O
instruments	O
,	O
brings	O
an	O
unsuspected	O
comedic	O
touch	O
to	O
her	O
role	O
of	O
Olga	B-PERSON
,	O
everybody	O
's	O
favorite	O
mom	O
.	O


Marni	B-PERSON
Rice	I-PERSON
plays	O
the	O
maid	O
with	O
so	O
much	O
edge	O
as	O
to	O
steal	O
her	O
two	B-CARDINAL
scenes	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
Trinity	B-ORG
Rep	I-ORG
newcomer	O
,	O
Jonathan	B-PERSON
Fried	I-PERSON
-LRB-	I-PERSON
Zamislov	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
paralegal	O
-RRB-	O
who	O
is	O
the	O
actor	O
to	O
watch	O
,	O
whether	O
he	O
is	O
hamming	O
it	O
up	O
while	O
conducting	O
the	O
chamber	O
musicians	O
or	O
seducing	O
his	O
neighbor	O
's	O
wife	O
-LRB-	O
Becca	B-PERSON
Lish	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
by	O
licking	O
her	O
bosom	O
.	O


Ms.	O
de	B-PERSON
Vries	I-PERSON
writes	O
frequently	O
about	O
theater	O
.	O


Yields	O
on	O
certificates	O
of	O
deposit	O
at	O
major	O
banks	O
were	O
little	O
changed	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
latest	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
average	O
yield	O
on	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
CDs	O
of	O
$	O
50,000	B-MONEY
and	O
less	O
slipped	O
to	O
7.96	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
8.00	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
according	O
to	O
Banxquote	B-ORG
Money	I-ORG
Markets	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
information	O
service	O
based	O
here	O
.	O


On	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
CDs	O
of	O
$	O
50,000	B-MONEY
and	O
less	O
,	O
the	O
average	O
slid	O
to	O
8.02	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
8.06	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Both	O
issues	O
are	O
among	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
with	O
individual	O
investors	O
.	O


``	O
Because	O
of	O
shrinkage	O
in	O
the	O
economy	O
,	O
rates	O
can	O
be	O
expected	O
to	O
decline	O
over	O
a	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
horizon	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Norberto	B-PERSON
Mehl	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
Banxquote	B-ORG
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
unclear	O
how	O
much	O
rates	O
can	O
fall	O
and	O
how	O
soon	O
.	O
''	O


Changes	O
in	O
CD	O
yields	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
were	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
blips	O
up	O
and	O
down	O
within	O
a	O
fairly	O
narrow	O
range	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


Interest	O
rates	O
generally	O
began	O
declining	O
last	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
after	O
moving	O
steadily	O
upward	O
for	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
average	O
yield	O
on	O
small	O
-	O
denomination	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
CDs	O
moved	O
up	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
hundredths	I-CARDINAL
of	O
a	O
percentage	O
point	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
latest	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
to	O
7.85	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Long	O
-	O
term	O
CDs	O
declined	O
just	O
a	O
fraction	O
.	O


The	O
average	O
yield	O
on	O
both	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
CDs	O
and	O
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
CDs	O
was	O
7.98	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Only	O
CDs	O
sold	O
by	O
major	O
brokerage	O
firms	O
posted	O
significant	O
increases	O
in	O
average	O
yields	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
latest	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
reflecting	O
increased	O
yields	O
on	O
Treasury	B-ORG
bills	O
sold	O
at	O
Monday	B-DATE
's	O
auction	O
.	O


The	O
average	O
yield	O
on	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
broker	O
-	O
sold	O
CDs	O
rose	O
to	O
8.29	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
8.05	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
on	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
CDs	O
the	O
average	O
yield	O
rose	O
to	O
8.30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
8.09	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
brokerage	O
firms	O
,	O
which	O
negotiate	O
rates	O
with	O
the	O
banks	O
and	O
thrifts	O
whose	O
CDs	O
they	O
sell	O
,	O
generally	O
feel	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
offer	O
clients	O
more	O
than	O
they	O
can	O
get	O
on	O
T	O
-	O
bills	O
or	O
from	O
banks	O
and	O
thrifts	O
directly	O
.	O


T	O
-	O
bills	O
sold	O
at	O
Monday	B-DATE
's	O
auction	O
yielded	O
7.90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
and	O
7.77	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
up	O
from	O
7.82	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	I-PERCENT
7.61	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
before	I-DATE
.	O


So	O
-	O
called	O
jumbo	O
CDs	O
,	O
typically	O
in	O
denominations	O
of	O
$	O
90,000	B-MONEY
and	O
up	O
,	O
also	O
usually	O
follow	O
T	O
-	O
bills	O
and	O
interest	O
rate	O
trends	O
in	O
general	O
more	O
than	O
those	O
aimed	O
at	O
small	O
investors	O
.	O


Some	O
jumbos	O
posted	O
fractional	O
changes	O
in	O
average	O
yields	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
both	O
up	O
and	O
down	O
.	O


The	O
average	O
yield	O
on	O
threemonth	B-DATE
jumbos	O
rose	O
to	O
8.00	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
7.96	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
while	O
the	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
average	O
fell	O
by	O
the	O
same	O
amount	O
to	O
7.89	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
and	O
oneyear	B-DATE
yields	O
were	O
unchanged	O
,	O
on	O
average	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
-LRB-	O
CD	O
-RRB-	O
market	O
is	O
unsettled	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Banxquote	B-ORG
's	O
Mr.	O
Mehl	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
very	O
easily	O
influenced	O
by	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
and	O
the	O
junk	O
bond	O
market	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
small	O
changes	O
in	O
averages	O
reflect	O
generally	O
unchanged	O
yields	O
at	O
many	O
major	O
banks	O
.	O


Some	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
lowered	O
yields	O
significantly	O
.	O


At	O
Chase	B-ORG
Manhattan	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
yield	O
on	O
a	O
small	O
denomination	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
CD	O
fell	O
about	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
quarter	I-CARDINAL
of	O
a	O
percentage	O
point	O
to	O
8.06	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


In	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
dropped	O
the	O
yield	O
on	O
both	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
and	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
``	O
savings	O
''	O
CDs	O
to	O
8.33	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
8.61	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Yields	O
on	O
money	O
-	O
market	O
deposits	O
were	O
unchanged	O
at	O
an	O
average	O
6.96	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
$	O
50,000	B-MONEY
and	O
less	O
and	O
down	O
just	O
a	O
hundredth	B-CARDINAL
of	O
a	O
percentage	O
point	O
to	O
7.41	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
jumbo	O
deposits	O
.	O


Lion	B-ORG
Nathan	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
agreed	O
to	O
buy	O
the	O
franchise	O
to	O
bottle	O
,	O
distribute	O
and	O
market	O
Pepsi	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Cola	I-ORG
soft	O
-	O
drink	O
products	O
in	O
Australia	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
company	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
brewing	O
and	O
retail	O
concern	O
did	O
n't	O
disclose	O
terms	O
.	O


The	O
agreement	O
is	O
effective	O
Jan.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
and	O
is	O
subject	O
to	O
approval	O
from	O
Australia	B-GPE
's	O
Foreign	B-ORG
Investment	I-ORG
Review	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
.	O


Cadbury	B-ORG
Schweppes	I-ORG
Australia	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
has	O
held	O
the	O
Australian	B-NORP
Pepsi	B-ORG
franchise	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Lion	B-ORG
Nathan	I-ORG
and	O
PepsiCola	B-ORG
Australia	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
PepsiCo	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
did	O
n't	O
say	O
why	O
Cadbury	B-ORG
Schweppes	I-ORG
will	O
no	O
longer	O
hold	O
the	O
franchise	O
.	O


Wang	B-ORG
Laboratories	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
has	O
sold	O
$	B-MONEY
25	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
assets	O
and	O
reached	O
agreements	O
in	O
principle	O
to	O
sell	O
an	B-MONEY
additional	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
187	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
shortly	O
,	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
,	O
said	O
at	O
the	O
annual	B-DATE
meeting	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
Wang	B-ORG
had	O
reached	O
an	O
agreement	O
with	O
a	O
``	O
major	O
financial	O
firm	O
''	O
to	O
sell	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
its	O
domestic	O
equipment	O
lease	O
portfolio	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
its	O
Wang	B-ORG
Credit	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
subsidiary	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
it	O
also	O
agreed	O
to	O
sell	O
a	O
portion	O
of	O
its	O
European	B-NORP
real	O
estate	O
unit	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
37	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Mr.	O
Miller	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
Wang	B-ORG
has	O
already	O
sold	O
some	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
12	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
miscellaneous	O
assets	O
and	O
disclosed	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
received	O
$	B-MONEY
13	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
from	O
Compaq	B-ORG
Computer	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Houston	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
the	O
previously	O
announced	O
sale	O
of	O
its	O
Stirling	B-GPE
,	O
Scotland	B-GPE
,	O
plant	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Miller	B-PERSON
repeated	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
he	O
plans	O
to	O
sell	O
another	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
assets	O
to	O
repay	O
debt	O
and	O
reduce	O
interest	O
costs	O
at	O
Wang	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
minincomputer	O
maker	O
in	O
Lowell	B-GPE
,	O
Mass	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
response	O
to	O
questions	O
after	O
the	O
annual	B-DATE
meeting	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Miller	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
company	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
looking	O
for	O
an	O
equity	O
investor	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
,	O
Wang	B-ORG
executives	O
had	O
said	O
they	O
might	O
seek	O
outside	O
investment	O
.	O


Murata	B-ORG
Mfg.	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
is	O
establishing	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
in	O
Britain	B-GPE
to	O
produce	O
electric	O
parts	O
,	O
including	O
ceramic	O
condensers	O
.	O


The	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
maker	O
of	O
ceramic	O
capacitors	O
said	O
it	O
purchased	O
a	O
plant	O
in	O
Plymouth	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
company	O
did	O
n't	O
disclose	O
a	O
purchase	O
price	O
or	O
capitalization	O
figures	O
.	O


Murata	B-ORG
said	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
invest	O
about	B-MONEY
1.4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
9.9	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
company	O
.	O


Production	O
is	O
slated	O
to	O
begin	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
company	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
European	B-NORP
foothold	O
,	O
Murata	B-ORG
Europe	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
G.m.b	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
H.	I-ORG
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
the	O
latest	O
venture	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
meet	O
demand	O
for	O
electric	O
parts	O
in	O
European	B-ORG
Community	I-ORG
countries	O
ahead	O
of	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
the	O
unified	O
market	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1992	I-DATE
.	O


Murata	B-ORG
expects	O
sales	O
at	O
the	O
unit	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
1.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Safeway	B-ORG
Stores	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
reported	O
a	O
69	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
decline	O
in	O
profit	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
said	O
operating	O
improvements	O
were	O
masked	O
by	O
unusual	O
gains	O
in	O
the	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
period	O
.	O


The	O
Oakland	B-GPE
grocery	O
retailer	O
,	O
closely	O
held	O
since	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
4.2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
leveraged	O
buy	O
-	O
out	O
in	O
1986	B-DATE
,	O
said	O
profit	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
Sept.	I-DATE
9	I-DATE
was	O
$	B-MONEY
7.1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
compared	O
with	O
$	B-MONEY
23	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
it	O
said	O
the	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
results	O
included	O
gains	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
23.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
from	O
divestitures	O
.	O


Sales	O
rose	O
4.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
$	B-MONEY
3.31	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
from	O
$	B-MONEY
3.2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
nine	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
company	O
said	O
profit	O
fell	O
49	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
$	B-MONEY
23.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
from	O
$	B-MONEY
46	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
which	O
included	O
divestiture	O
-	O
related	O
gains	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
50.6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Sales	O
increased	O
5.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
$	B-MONEY
9.81	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
from	O
$	B-MONEY
9.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Britain	B-GPE
's	O
current	O
account	O
deficit	O
dropped	O
to	O
#	B-MONEY
1.6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
2.56	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
from	O
an	B-MONEY
adjusted	I-MONEY
#	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
3.21	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
improvement	O
comes	O
amid	O
increasing	O
concern	O
that	O
a	O
recession	O
could	O
strike	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
economy	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Confederation	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
British	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
's	O
latest	O
survey	O
shows	O
that	O
business	O
executives	O
expect	O
a	O
pronounced	O
slowdown	O
,	O
largely	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
16	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
series	O
of	O
interest	O
-	O
rate	O
increases	O
that	O
has	O
raised	O
banks	O
'	O
base	O
lending	O
rates	O
to	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


``	O
The	O
outlook	O
has	O
deteriorated	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
orders	O
and	O
employment	O
falling	O
and	O
output	O
at	O
a	O
standstill	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
David	B-PERSON
Wigglesworth	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
industry	O
group	O
's	O
economic	O
committee	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
said	O
investment	O
by	O
businesses	O
is	O
falling	O
off	O
.	O


Of	O
1,224	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
surveyed	O
,	O
31	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
expect	O
to	O
cut	O
spending	O
on	O
plant	O
equipment	O
and	O
machinery	O
,	O
while	O
only	B-PERCENT
28	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
plan	O
to	O
spend	O
more	O
.	O


But	O
despite	O
mounting	O
recession	O
fears	O
,	O
government	O
data	O
do	O
n't	O
yet	O
show	O
the	O
economy	O
grinding	O
to	O
a	O
halt	O
.	O


Unemployment	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
has	O
continued	O
to	O
decline	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
September	B-DATE
trade	O
figures	O
showed	O
increases	O
in	O
both	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Margaret	B-PERSON
Thatcher	I-PERSON
's	O
government	O
is	O
n't	O
currently	O
expected	O
to	O
ease	O
interest	O
rates	O
before	O
next	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
,	O
if	O
then	O
.	O


Chancellor	O
of	O
the	O
Exchequer	O
Nigel	B-PERSON
Lawson	I-PERSON
views	O
the	O
high	O
rates	O
as	O
his	O
chief	O
weapon	O
against	O
inflation	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
ignited	O
by	O
tax	O
cuts	O
and	O
loose	O
credit	O
policies	O
in	O
1986	B-DATE
and	O
1987	B-DATE
.	O


Officials	O
fear	O
that	O
any	O
loosening	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
could	O
rekindle	O
inflation	O
or	O
further	O
weaken	O
the	O
pound	O
against	O
other	O
major	O
currencies	O
.	O


Fending	O
off	O
attacks	O
on	O
his	O
economic	O
policies	O
in	O
a	O
House	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Commons	I-ORG
debate	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Lawson	B-PERSON
said	O
inflation	O
``	O
remains	O
the	O
greatest	O
threat	O
to	O
our	O
economic	O
well	O
-	O
being	O
''	O
and	O
promised	O
to	O
take	O
``	O
whatever	O
steps	O
are	O
needed	O
''	O
to	O
choke	O
it	O
off	O
.	O


The	O
latest	O
government	O
figures	O
said	O
retail	O
prices	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
were	O
up	O
7.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


Many	O
economists	O
have	O
started	O
predicting	O
a	O
mild	O
recession	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Owen	I-PERSON
,	O
U.K.	B-GPE
economist	O
with	O
Kleinwort	B-ORG
Benson	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
reduced	O
his	O
growth	O
forecast	O
for	O
1990	B-DATE
to	O
0.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
1.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
termed	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
recession	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
``	O
quite	O
high	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
he	O
said	O
the	O
downturn	O
probably	O
wo	O
n't	O
become	O
a	O
``	O
major	O
contraction	O
''	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
1974	B-DATE
and	O
1982	B-DATE
.	O


Still	O
,	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
current	O
slump	O
is	O
a	O
cause	O
for	O
concern	O
here	O
as	O
the	O
nation	O
joins	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
plan	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
unified	O
market	O
by	O
1992	B-DATE
.	O


Compared	O
with	O
the	O
major	O
economies	O
on	O
the	O
Continent	B-LOC
,	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
faces	O
both	O
higher	O
inflation	O
and	O
lower	O
growth	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
several	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Owen	B-PERSON
warned	O
,	O
investment	O
will	O
be	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
flow	O
toward	O
the	O
other	O
European	B-NORP
economies	O
and	O
``	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
less	O
prepared	O
for	O
the	O
single	O
market	O
.	O
''	O


Britain	B-GPE
's	O
latest	O
trade	O
figures	O
contained	O
some	O
positive	O
news	O
for	O
the	O
economy	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
surge	O
in	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
exports	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
8.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
higher	O
than	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
while	O
September	B-DATE
exports	O
rose	O
to	O
#	B-MONEY
8.43	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
imports	O
shot	O
up	O
to	O
#	B-MONEY
10.37	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
resulting	O
#	B-MONEY
1.9	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
merchandise	O
trade	O
deficit	O
was	O
partly	O
offset	O
by	O
an	O
assumed	O
surplus	O
of	O
#	B-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
invisible	O
items	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
income	O
from	O
investments	O
,	O
services	O
and	O
official	O
transfers	O
.	O


Despite	O
the	O
narrowing	O
of	O
the	O
monthly	B-DATE
trade	O
gap	O
,	O
economists	O
expect	O
the	O
current	O
account	O
deficit	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
1989	B-DATE
to	O
swell	O
to	O
about	B-MONEY
#	I-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
from	O
#	B-MONEY
14.6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
1988	B-DATE
.	O


Increasingly	O
,	O
economists	O
say	O
the	O
big	O
deficit	O
reflects	O
the	O
slipping	O
competitive	O
position	O
of	O
British	B-NORP
industry	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
the	O
country	O
gets	O
wealthier	O
,	O
we	O
tend	O
to	O
buy	O
high	O
-	O
quality	O
imports	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Owen	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


If	O
bluebloods	O
wo	O
n't	O
pay	O
high	O
prices	O
for	O
racehorses	O
anymore	O
,	O
who	O
will	O
?	O


Breeders	O
are	O
betting	O
on	O
the	O
common	O
folk	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Thoroughbred	I-ORG
Owners	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Breeders	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Lexington	B-GPE
,	O
Ky.	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
trade	O
group	O
,	O
has	O
launched	O
``	O
seminars	O
''	O
for	O
``	O
potential	O
investors	O
''	O
at	O
race	O
tracks	O
around	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


The	O
group	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
held	O
half	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
seminars	O
so	O
far	O
,	O
also	O
is	O
considering	O
promotional	O
videos	O
and	O
perhaps	O
a	O
pitch	O
to	O
Wall	O
Street	O
investment	O
bankers	O
.	O


``	O
People	O
in	O
this	O
business	O
have	O
been	O
insulated	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Josh	B-PERSON
Pons	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
horse	O
breeder	O
from	O
Bel	B-GPE
Air	I-GPE
,	O
Md	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
real	O
future	O
of	O
this	O
game	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
owning	O
a	O
few	O
horses	O
.	O
''	O


At	O
the	O
Laurel	B-GPE
race	O
track	O
,	O
the	O
breeders	O
are	O
romancing	O
people	O
like	O
Tim	B-PERSON
Hulings	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
beer	O
packaging	O
plant	O
worker	O
.	O


Right	O
now	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Hulings	B-PERSON
is	O
waving	O
his	O
racing	O
program	O
,	O
cheering	O
for	O
Karnak	O
on	O
the	O
Nile	O
,	O
a	O
sleek	O
thoroughbred	O
galloping	O
down	O
the	O
home	O
stretch	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Hulings	B-PERSON
gloats	O
that	O
he	O
sold	O
all	O
his	O
stocks	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
market	O
plummeted	O
190	B-CARDINAL
points	O
on	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
using	O
the	O
money	O
to	O
help	O
buy	O
a	O
45	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
acre	I-QUANTITY
horse	O
farm	O
.	O


``	O
Just	O
imagine	O
how	O
exciting	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
if	O
that	O
's	O
your	O
horse	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


But	O
experts	O
caution	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
game	O
for	O
anyone	O
with	O
a	O
weak	O
stomach	O
or	O
wallet	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
-	O
risk	O
business	O
,	O
''	O
warns	O
Charles	B-PERSON
C.	I-PERSON
Mihalek	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Lexington	B-GPE
attorney	O
and	O
former	O
Kentucky	B-GPE
state	O
securities	O
commissioner	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
it	O
firmly	O
believing	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
investment	O
where	O
you	O
can	O
lose	O
everything	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
many	O
have	O
done	O
just	O
that	O
.	O


Consider	O
Spendthrift	B-ORG
Farm	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
prominent	O
Lexington	B-GPE
horse	O
farm	O
that	O
went	O
public	O
in	O
1983	B-DATE
but	O
hit	O
hard	O
times	O
and	O
filed	O
for	O
bankruptcy	O
-	O
court	O
protection	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
group	O
of	O
investors	O
recently	O
bought	O
the	O
remaining	O
assets	O
of	O
Spendthrift	B-ORG
,	O
hoping	O
to	O
rebuild	O
it	O
.	O


Other	O
investors	O
have	O
lost	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
in	O
partnerships	O
that	O
bought	O
thoroughbred	O
racehorses	O
or	O
stallion	O
breeding	O
rights	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
big	O
problem	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
thoroughbred	O
racehorse	O
market	O
.	O


From	B-DATE
1974	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
1984	I-DATE
,	O
prices	O
for	O
the	O
best	O
yearlings	O
at	O
the	O
summer	B-DATE
sales	O
rose	O
918	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
$	O
544,681	B-MONEY
.	O


Since	O
then	O
,	O
prices	O
have	O
slumped	O
,	O
to	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
$	O
395,374	B-MONEY
this	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
that	O
's	O
for	O
the	O
best	O
horses	O
,	O
with	O
most	O
selling	O
for	O
much	O
less	O
--	O
as	B-MONEY
little	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
for	O
some	O
pedestrian	O
thoroughbreds	O
.	O


Even	O
while	O
they	O
move	O
outside	O
their	O
traditional	O
tony	O
circle	O
,	O
racehorse	O
owners	O
still	O
try	O
to	O
capitalize	O
on	O
the	O
elan	O
of	O
the	O
sport	O
.	O


Glossy	O
brochures	O
circulated	O
at	O
racetracks	O
gush	O
about	O
the	O
limelight	O
of	O
the	O
winner	O
's	O
circle	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
society	O
schmoozing	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
handout	O
promises	O
:	O
``	O
Pedigrees	O
,	O
parties	O
,	O
post	O
times	O
,	O
parimutuels	O
and	O
pageantry	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
just	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
marketing	O
and	O
promoting	O
ourselves	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Headley	B-PERSON
Bell	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
-	O
generation	O
horse	O
breeder	O
from	O
Lexington	B-GPE
.	O


Maybe	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
that	O
simple	O
.	O


For	O
starters	O
,	O
racehorse	O
buyers	O
have	O
to	O
remember	O
the	O
basic	O
problem	O
of	O
such	O
ventures	O
:	O
These	O
beasts	O
do	O
n't	O
come	O
with	O
warranties	O
.	O


And	O
for	O
every	O
champion	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
plenty	O
of	O
nags	O
.	O


Katherine	B-PERSON
Voss	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
veteran	O
trainer	O
at	O
the	O
Laurel	B-GPE
,	O
Md.	B-GPE
,	O
track	O
,	O
offers	O
neophytes	O
a	O
sobering	O
tour	O
of	O
a	O
horse	O
barn	O
,	O
noting	O
that	O
only	B-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
of	O
about	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
horses	O
have	O
won	O
sizable	O
purses	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
brown	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
filly	O
was	O
wheezing	O
from	O
a	O
cold	O
,	O
while	O
another	O
had	O
splints	O
on	O
its	O
legs	O
,	O
keeping	O
both	O
animals	O
from	O
the	O
racetrack	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
can	O
see	O
the	O
highs	O
and	O
lows	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
all	O
under	O
one	B-CARDINAL
roof	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
tells	O
the	O
group	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
are	O
n't	O
too	O
many	O
winners	O
.	O
''	O


Perhaps	O
the	O
biggest	O
hurdle	O
owners	O
face	O
is	O
convincing	O
newcomers	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
reputable	O
business	O
.	O


Some	O
badly	O
managed	O
partnerships	O
have	O
burned	O
investors	O
,	O
sometimes	O
after	O
they	O
received	O
advice	O
from	O
industry	O
``	O
consultants	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
owners	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
``	O
code	O
of	O
ethics	O
,	O
''	O
outlining	O
rules	O
for	O
consultants	O
and	O
agents	O
,	O
and	O
disclosure	O
of	O
fees	O
and	O
any	O
conflicts	O
of	O
interest	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
are	O
skeptical	O
of	O
the	O
code	O
's	O
effectiveness	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
industry	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
individual	O
honesty	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Cap	B-PERSON
Hershey	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Lexington	B-GPE
horse	O
farmer	O
and	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
investors	O
who	O
bought	O
Spendthrift	B-ORG
.	O


Despite	O
the	O
drop	O
in	O
prices	O
for	O
thoroughbreds	O
,	O
owning	O
one	O
still	O
is	O
n't	O
cheap	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
low	O
end	O
,	O
investors	O
can	O
spend	O
$	O
15,000	B-MONEY
or	O
more	O
to	O
own	O
a	O
racehorse	O
in	O
partnership	O
with	O
others	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
yearling	O
sale	O
,	O
a	O
buyer	O
can	O
go	O
solo	O
and	O
get	O
a	O
horse	O
for	O
a	B-MONEY
few	I-MONEY
thousand	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


But	O
that	O
means	O
paying	O
the	O
horse	O
's	O
maintenance	O
;	O
on	O
average	O
,	O
it	O
costs	O
$	O
25,000	B-MONEY
a	O
year	O
to	O
raise	O
a	O
horse	O
.	O


For	O
those	O
looking	O
for	O
something	O
between	O
a	O
minority	O
stake	O
and	O
total	O
ownership	O
,	O
the	O
owners	O
'	O
group	O
is	O
considering	O
a	O
special	O
sale	O
where	O
established	O
horse	O
breeders	O
would	O
sell	O
a	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
horses	O
to	O
newcomers	O
.	O


BUELL	B-ORG
INDUSTRIES	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
halved	O
its	O
quarterly	B-DATE
dividend	O
to	O
five	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
,	O
payable	O
Nov.	B-DATE
17	I-DATE
to	O
stock	O
of	O
record	O
Nov.	B-DATE
3	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
company	O
's	O
quarterly	B-DATE
dividend	O
had	O
been	O
10	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
since	O
April	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


Buell	B-ORG
recently	O
said	O
it	O
would	O
incur	O
an	O
aftertax	O
charge	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
3.6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
its	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
ending	I-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
the	O
sale	O
and	O
discontinuance	O
of	O
several	O
lines	O
at	O
a	O
plant	O
.	O


The	O
Waterbury	B-GPE
,	O
Conn.	B-GPE
,	O
maker	O
of	O
industrial	O
fasteners	O
and	O
metal	O
stampings	O
has	O
2.3	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
outstanding	O
.	O


Claude	B-PERSON
Bebear	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
,	O
of	O
Axa	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Midi	I-ORG
Assurances	I-ORG
,	O
pledged	O
to	O
retain	O
employees	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
Farmers	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
including	O
Leo	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
Denlea	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
,	O
if	O
Axa	B-ORG
succeeds	O
in	O
acquiring	O
Farmers	B-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Bebear	B-PERSON
added	O
that	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
insurer	O
would	O
keep	O
Farmers	B-ORG
'	O
headquarters	O
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
and	O
``	O
will	O
not	O
send	O
French	B-NORP
people	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
company	O
.	O
''	O


Axa	B-ORG
would	O
also	O
maintain	O
Farmers	B-ORG
'	O
relationships	O
with	O
the	O
insurance	O
exchanges	O
that	O
it	O
manages	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bebear	B-PERSON
made	O
his	O
remarks	O
at	O
a	O
breakfast	O
meeting	O
with	O
reporters	O
here	O
yesterday	B-DATE
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
tour	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
rally	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
for	O
the	O
proposed	O
acquisition	O
.	O


The	O
bid	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
Sir	O
James	B-PERSON
Goldsmith	I-PERSON
's	O
unfriendly	O
takeover	O
attempt	O
for	O
B.A.T	B-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
tobacco	O
,	O
retailing	O
,	O
paper	O
and	O
financial	O
-	O
services	O
giant	O
that	O
acquired	O
Farmers	B-ORG
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
for	O
$	B-MONEY
5.2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Axa	B-ORG
has	O
agreed	O
to	O
acquire	O
Farmers	B-ORG
from	O
Sir	O
James	B-PERSON
's	O
investment	O
vehicle	O
,	O
Hoylake	B-ORG
Investments	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
4.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
plus	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
investment	O
in	O
Hoylake	B-ORG
.	O


Any	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Farmers	B-ORG
needs	O
the	O
approval	O
of	O
insurance	O
commissioners	O
in	O
the	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
states	O
where	O
Farmers	B-ORG
operates	O
,	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Bebear	B-PERSON
's	O
trip	O
will	O
take	O
him	O
to	O
Idaho	B-GPE
,	O
Arizona	B-GPE
and	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
after	O
his	O
stay	O
here	O
;	O
he	O
will	O
meet	O
with	O
insurance	O
regulators	O
,	O
legislators	O
,	O
industry	O
excutives	O
and	O
the	O
press	O
.	O


Hearings	O
on	O
Axa	B-ORG
's	O
acquisition	O
application	O
have	O
been	O
set	O
for	O
Nov.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
in	O
Idaho	B-GPE
;	O
Nov.	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
in	O
Illinois	B-GPE
;	O
Nov.	B-DATE
24	I-DATE
and	O
Dec.	B-DATE
4	I-DATE
in	O
Arizona	B-GPE
;	O
Dec.	B-DATE
11	I-DATE
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
state	O
;	O
and	O
Jan.	B-DATE
8	I-DATE
in	O
Oregon	B-GPE
.	O


Hearings	O
have	O
n't	O
yet	O
been	O
set	O
in	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
Ohio	B-GPE
and	O
Kansas	B-GPE
.	O


California	B-GPE
's	O
insurance	O
commissioner	O
does	O
n't	O
hold	O
hearings	O
on	O
acquisition	O
applications	O
.	O


Although	O
Axa	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
rebuffed	O
by	O
Farmers	B-ORG
and	O
has	O
n't	O
had	O
any	O
meetings	O
with	O
management	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Bebear	B-PERSON
nonetheless	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
trying	O
to	O
woo	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
executives	O
with	O
promises	O
of	O
autonomy	O
and	O
new	O
-	O
found	O
authority	O
under	O
Axa	B-ORG
.	O


He	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Denlea	B-PERSON
would	O
be	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
management	O
team	O
of	O
the	O
Axa	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Midi	I-ORG
group	O
of	O
companies	O
,	O
and	O
would	O
``	O
help	O
define	O
policies	O
and	O
strategies	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
.	O
''	O


Farmers	B-ORG
was	O
quick	O
yesterday	B-DATE
to	O
point	O
out	O
the	O
many	O
negative	O
aspects	O
it	O
sees	O
in	O
having	O
Axa	B-ORG
as	O
its	O
parent	O
.	O


For	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
Axa	B-ORG
plans	O
to	O
do	O
away	O
with	O
certain	O
tax	O
credits	O
that	O
have	O
resulted	O
in	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
600	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
paid	O
to	O
the	O
Farmers	B-ORG
exchanges	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
offset	O
underwriting	O
losses	O
.	O


Those	O
credits	O
result	O
because	O
of	O
taxes	O
that	O
Farmers	B-ORG
,	O
as	O
the	O
management	O
company	O
,	O
has	O
paid	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
``	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
exchanges	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
Farmers	B-ORG
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bebear	B-PERSON
contended	O
that	O
the	O
tax	O
cost	O
to	O
the	O
exchanges	O
under	O
the	O
revised	O
structure	O
would	O
be	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
described	O
as	O
``	O
peanuts	O
.	O


OPPENHEIMER	B-ORG
CAPITAL	I-ORG
LIMITED	I-ORG
PARTNERSHIP	I-ORG
increased	O
the	O
quarterly	B-DATE
distribution	O
to	O
40	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
limited	O
partnership	O
unit	O
from	O
36.25	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
distribution	O
represents	O
available	O
cash	O
flow	O
from	O
the	O
partnership	O
between	B-DATE
Aug.	I-DATE
1	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
Oct.	I-DATE
31	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
is	O
payable	O
Nov.	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
to	O
units	O
of	O
record	O
Oct.	B-DATE
31	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
money	O
manager	O
is	O
controlled	O
67.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
by	O
its	O
top	O
officers	O
and	O
top	O
officers	O
of	O
Oppenheimer	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
securities	O
firm	O
.	O


Both	O
firms	O
are	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Oppenheimer	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
has	O
about	B-CARDINAL
7.9	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
limited	O
partnership	O
units	O
outstanding	O
.	O


In	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
composite	O
trading	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
units	O
closed	O
at	O
$	O
15.125	B-MONEY
,	O
up	O
12.5	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
.	O


Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Montreal	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
added	O
850	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Canadian	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
US$	B-MONEY
725.8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
to	O
its	O
reserves	O
against	O
losses	O
on	O
Third	O
World	O
loans	O
,	O
bringing	O
the	O
total	O
it	O
has	O
set	O
aside	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
C$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
bank	O
said	O
the	O
C$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
reserves	O
will	O
result	O
in	O
a	O
charge	O
of	O
C$	B-MONEY
595	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
against	O
earnings	O
but	O
said	O
it	O
still	O
expects	O
to	O
report	O
a	O
profit	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ending	I-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
bank	O
reported	O
net	O
income	O
of	O
C$	B-MONEY
389	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
the	B-DATE
nine	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
July	I-DATE
31	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
bank	O
said	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
loan	O
-	O
loss	O
provisions	O
wo	O
n't	O
affect	O
the	O
payment	O
of	O
dividends	O
.	O


The	O
bank	O
said	O
reserves	O
now	O
amount	O
to	O
61	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
total	O
less	O
-	O
developed	O
-	O
country	O
exposure	O
.	O


Excluding	O
Mexico	B-GPE
,	O
reserves	O
equal	O
95	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
LDC	O
exposure	O
.	O


In	O
Toronto	B-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
trading	O
,	O
Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Montreal	I-ORG
closed	O
at	O
C$	O
33.25	B-MONEY
,	O
up	O
87.5	B-MONEY
Canadian	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
.	O


ALBERTA	B-ORG
ENERGY	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Calgary	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
it	O
filed	O
a	O
preliminary	O
prospectus	O
for	O
an	O
offering	O
of	O
common	O
shares	O
.	O


The	O
natural	O
resources	O
development	O
concern	O
said	O
proceeds	O
will	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
repay	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
debt	O
,	O
which	O
stood	O
at	O
598	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Canadian	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
US$	B-MONEY
510.6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
company	O
plans	O
to	O
raise	O
between	B-MONEY
C$	I-MONEY
75	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
and	I-MONEY
C$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
from	O
the	O
offering	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
spokeswoman	O
at	O
Richardson	B-ORG
Greenshields	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Canada	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
lead	O
underwriter	O
.	O


The	O
shares	O
will	O
be	O
priced	O
in	O
early	B-DATE
November	I-DATE
,	O
she	O
said	O
.	O


General	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
executives	O
and	O
lawyers	O
provided	O
``	O
misleading	O
and	O
false	O
''	O
information	O
to	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
in	O
1985	B-DATE
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
cover	O
up	O
``	O
longstanding	O
fraudulent	O
''	O
billing	O
practices	O
,	O
federal	O
prosecutors	O
alleged	O
in	O
legal	O
briefs	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
's	O
startling	O
allegations	O
,	O
filed	O
only	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
scheduled	O
start	O
of	O
a	O
criminal	O
overcharge	O
trial	O
against	O
GE	B-ORG
in	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE
federal	O
district	O
court	O
,	O
challenge	O
the	O
motives	O
and	O
veracity	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
third	B-ORDINAL
-	O
largest	O
defense	O
contractor	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
strongly	O
worded	O
response	O
summarizing	O
a	O
filing	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
court	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
GE	B-ORG
asserted	O
that	O
``	O
prosecutors	O
have	O
misstated	O
the	O
testimony	O
of	O
witnesses	O
,	O
distorted	O
documents	O
and	O
ignored	O
important	O
facts	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
company	O
attacked	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
allegations	O
as	O
``	O
reckless	O
and	O
baseless	O
mudslinging	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
said	O
its	O
management	O
``	O
promptly	O
and	O
accurately	O
reported	O
''	O
to	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
all	O
relevant	O
information	O
about	O
billing	O
practices	O
.	O


The	O
case	O
strikes	O
at	O
the	O
corporate	O
image	O
of	O
GE	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
provides	O
the	O
military	O
with	O
everything	O
from	O
jet	O
engines	O
and	O
electronic	O
warfare	O
equipment	O
to	O
highly	O
classified	O
design	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
Strategic	O
Defense	O
Initiative	O
,	O
and	O
could	O
cause	O
a	O
loss	O
of	O
future	O
defense	O
contracts	O
if	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
and	O
Justice	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
officials	O
take	O
a	O
tough	O
stance	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
has	O
been	O
considered	O
an	O
industry	O
leader	O
in	O
advocating	O
cooperation	O
and	O
voluntary	O
disclosures	O
of	O
improper	O
or	O
inflated	O
billing	O
practices	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
government	O
now	O
claims	O
that	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
company	O
managers	O
and	O
lawyers	O
engaged	O
in	O
an	O
elaborate	O
strategy	O
over	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
obscure	O
from	O
federal	O
authorities	O
the	O
extent	O
and	O
details	O
of	O
``	O
widespread	O
''	O
fraudulent	O
billing	O
practices	O
.	O


The	O
problems	O
were	O
uncovered	O
during	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
internal	O
investigations	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
Space	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
division	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
separate	O
overcharge	O
prosecutions	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
since	O
1985	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
dispute	O
stems	O
from	O
pretrial	O
maneuvering	O
in	O
the	O
pending	O
court	O
case	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
prosecutors	O
have	O
been	O
demanding	O
access	O
to	O
a	O
host	O
of	O
internal	O
company	O
memos	O
,	O
reports	O
and	O
documents	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
November	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
federal	O
grand	O
jury	O
indicted	O
GE	B-ORG
on	O
charges	O
of	O
fraud	O
and	O
false	O
claims	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
an	O
alleged	O
scheme	O
to	O
defraud	O
the	O
Army	B-ORG
of	O
$	B-MONEY
21	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
on	O
a	O
logistics	O
computer	O
contract	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
,	O
for	O
its	O
part	O
,	O
maintains	O
that	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
disputed	O
documents	O
are	O
privileged	O
attorney	O
-	O
client	O
communications	O
that	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
turned	O
over	O
to	O
prosecutors	O
.	O


A	O
hearing	O
is	O
scheduled	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
government	O
's	O
136	B-CARDINAL
-	O
page	O
filing	O
covers	O
events	O
leading	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
current	O
case	O
and	O
an	O
earlier	O
indictment	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
1985	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
GE	B-ORG
was	O
accused	O
of	O
defrauding	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
by	O
illegally	O
claiming	O
cost	O
overruns	O
on	O
Minuteman	B-PRODUCT
missile	O
contracts	O
.	O


GE	B-ORG
pleaded	O
guilty	O
and	O
paid	O
a	O
fine	O
of	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
the	O
Minuteman	B-PRODUCT
case	O
,	O
which	O
involved	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
individuals	O
and	O
operations	O
that	O
are	O
at	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
dispute	O
in	O
the	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE
court	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
units	O
had	O
corrected	O
billing	O
problems	O
and	O
therefore	O
should	O
become	O
eligible	O
again	O
for	O
new	O
contracts	O
,	O
prosecutors	O
contend	O
that	O
``	O
high	O
-	O
level	O
GE	B-ORG
executives	O
''	O
and	O
company	O
lawyers	O
provided	O
``	O
misleading	O
statements	O
''	O
to	O
then	O
-	O
Air	B-ORG
Force	I-ORG
Secretary	O
Verne	B-PERSON
Orr	I-PERSON
and	O
other	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
officials	O
during	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
meetings	O
in	O
1985	B-DATE
.	O


Overall	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
contends	O
that	O
GE	B-ORG
's	O
disclosure	O
efforts	O
largely	O
were	O
intended	O
to	O
``	O
curry	O
favor	O
''	O
with	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
officials	O
without	O
detailing	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
the	O
management	O
lapses	O
and	O
allegedly	O
pervasive	O
billing	O
irregularities	O
uncovered	O
by	O
company	O
investigations	O
.	O


Prosecutors	O
depict	O
a	O
company	O
that	O
allegedly	O
sat	O
on	O
damaging	O
evidence	O
of	O
overcharges	O
from	O
1983	B-DATE
to	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
despite	O
warnings	O
from	O
an	O
internal	O
auditor	O
.	O


When	O
GE	B-ORG
finally	O
disclosed	O
the	O
problems	O
,	O
prosecutors	O
contend	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Orr	B-PERSON
``	O
was	O
erroneously	O
informed	O
that	O
the	O
-LCB-	O
suspected	O
-RCB-	O
practices	O
had	O
only	O
just	O
been	O
discovered	O
''	O
by	O
GE	B-ORG
management	O
.	O


In	O
its	O
brief	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
asserted	O
that	O
it	O
needs	O
the	O
internal	O
GE	B-ORG
documents	O
to	O
rebut	O
anticipated	O
efforts	O
by	O
GE	B-ORG
during	O
the	O
trial	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
``	O
its	O
good	O
corporate	O
character	O
.	O
''	O


GE	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
was	O
surprised	O
by	O
the	O
last	O
-	O
minute	O
subpoena	O
for	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
boxes	O
and	O
file	O
cabinets	O
of	O
documents	O
,	O
countered	O
that	O
senior	O
GE	B-ORG
managers	O
did	O
n't	O
find	O
out	O
about	O
questionable	O
billing	O
practices	O
until	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
information	O
was	O
passed	O
on	O
quickly	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Orr	B-PERSON
at	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
meeting	O
with	O
company	O
representatives	O
.	O


Subsequent	O
meetings	O
,	O
initiated	O
after	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
units	O
were	O
briefly	O
suspended	O
from	O
federal	O
contracts	O
,	O
were	O
held	O
to	O
familiarize	O
Mr.	O
Orr	B-PERSON
with	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
self	O
-	O
policing	O
procedures	O
and	O
to	O
disclose	O
additional	O
information	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
GE	B-ORG
.	O


GE	B-ORG
's	O
filing	O
contends	O
that	O
the	O
billing	O
practices	O
at	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
controversy	O
involved	O
technical	O
disputes	O
rather	O
than	O
criminal	O
activity	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
's	O
conduct	O
``	O
does	O
not	O
even	O
raise	O
a	O
question	O
of	O
wrongful	O
corporate	O
intent	O
,	O
ratification	O
or	O
cover	O
-	O
up	O
,	O
''	O
GE	B-ORG
's	O
brief	O
asserts	O
.	O


``	O
On	O
the	O
contrary	O
,	O
it	O
shows	O
a	O
corporation	O
reacting	O
swiftly	O
and	O
aggressively	O
to	O
very	O
difficult	O
issues	O
in	O
largely	O
uncharted	O
waters	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Orr	B-PERSON
could	O
n't	O
be	O
reached	O
for	O
comment	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


London	B-GPE
share	O
prices	O
closed	O
sharply	O
lower	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
on	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
Wall	O
Street	O
's	O
steep	O
drop	O
and	O
renewed	O
fears	O
over	O
U.K.	B-GPE
economic	O
fundamentals	O
.	O


Tokyo	B-GPE
's	O
winning	O
streak	O
came	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
,	O
and	O
stocks	O
fell	O
in	O
Frankfurt	B-GPE
and	O
across	O
Europe	B-LOC
as	O
well	O
.	O


London	B-GPE
's	O
Financial	B-ORG
Times	I-ORG
100	B-CARDINAL
-	O
share	O
index	O
shed	O
40.4	B-CARDINAL
points	O
to	O
finish	O
at	O
2149.3	B-CARDINAL
.	O


At	O
London	B-GPE
's	O
close	O
,	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
was	O
51.23	B-CARDINAL
points	O
lower	O
at	O
2611.68	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Dealers	O
said	O
the	O
initial	O
pressure	O
came	O
from	O
mildly	O
disappointing	O
U.K.	B-GPE
trade	O
figures	O
for	O
September	B-DATE
and	O
a	O
worrisome	O
report	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Confederation	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
British	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
that	O
a	O
decline	O
in	O
orders	O
for	O
manufactured	O
goods	O
is	O
depressing	O
both	O
business	O
optimism	O
and	O
investment	O
plans	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
trade	O
and	O
CBI	B-ORG
reports	O
refocused	O
attention	O
on	O
high	O
interest	O
rates	O
and	O
corporate	O
profitability	O
and	O
helped	O
rekindle	O
underlying	O
concerns	O
over	O
prospects	O
for	O
a	O
recession	O
in	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
,	O
dealers	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
30	B-CARDINAL
-	O
share	O
index	O
fell	O
33.3	B-CARDINAL
points	O
to	O
1739.3	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Volume	O
was	O
a	O
modest	O
405.4	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
traded	O
,	O
but	O
better	O
than	O
the	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
lowest	O
turnover	O
of	O
276.8	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


Market	O
watchers	O
also	O
noted	O
an	O
absence	O
of	O
institutional	O
interest	O
later	O
in	O
the	O
session	O
helped	O
pave	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
broader	O
declines	O
when	O
Wall	O
Street	O
opened	O
weaker	O
.	O


They	O
added	O
that	O
market	O
-	O
makers	O
were	O
knocking	O
share	O
prices	O
down	O
in	O
midafternoon	B-TIME
in	O
a	O
bid	O
to	O
attract	O
some	O
interest	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
action	O
largely	O
helped	O
open	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
London	B-GPE
's	O
late	O
declines	O
.	O


Insurance	O
stocks	O
provided	O
some	O
early	O
support	O
to	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
partly	O
on	O
favorable	O
brokerage	O
recommendatons	O
and	O
talk	O
of	O
continental	O
European	B-NORP
interest	O
in	O
British	B-NORP
life	O
and	O
composite	O
insurers	O
.	O


British	B-NORP
life	O
insurer	O
London	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
General	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
firmed	O
2	B-MONEY
pence	I-MONEY
to	O
356	B-MONEY
pence	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	O
5.70	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
composite	O
insurer	O
Royal	B-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
finished	O
13	B-CARDINAL
lower	O
at	O
475	B-CARDINAL
,	O
were	O
featured	O
in	O
the	O
talk	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
life	O
insurance	O
side	O
,	O
Pearl	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
finished	O
5	B-CARDINAL
lower	O
at	O
640	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
Sun	B-ORG
Life	I-ORG
dropped	O
15	B-CARDINAL
to	O
#	O
11.53	B-MONEY
.	O


Jaguar	B-ORG
finished	O
4	B-CARDINAL
lower	O
at	O
694	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Dealers	O
said	O
the	O
market	O
did	O
n't	O
react	O
substantially	O
to	O
Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
disclosure	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
that	O
it	O
will	O
seek	O
100	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Jaguar	B-ORG
's	O
shares	O
outstanding	O
when	O
U.K.	B-GPE
government	O
share	O
regulations	O
are	O
lifted	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Tokyo	B-GPE
stocks	O
closed	O
easier	O
,	O
posting	O
their	O
first	B-ORDINAL
loss	O
in	O
six	B-DATE
trading	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
partly	O
because	O
of	O
programmed	O
index	O
-	O
linked	O
selling	O
by	O
trust	O
investment	O
funds	O
in	O
the	O
afternoon	B-TIME
session	O
.	O


The	O
Nikkei	O
index	O
fell	O
58.97	B-CARDINAL
points	O
to	O
35526.55	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
index	O
gained	O
99.14	B-CARDINAL
points	O
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
early	O
trading	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Nikkei	O
index	O
rose	O
17.92	B-CARDINAL
points	O
to	O
35544.47	B-CARDINAL
.	O


On	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
stock	O
price	O
index	O
of	O
all	O
first	B-ORDINAL
section	O
issues	O
was	O
down	O
6.31	B-CARDINAL
at	O
2681.22	B-CARDINAL
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
section	O
volume	O
was	O
estimated	O
at	O
900	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
,	O
up	O
from	O
605	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


Observers	O
said	O
the	O
market	O
again	O
failed	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
trading	O
focus	O
,	O
discouraging	O
much	O
participation	O
by	O
investors	O
.	O


The	O
market	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
remain	O
stable	O
and	O
expectations	O
for	O
future	O
gains	O
are	O
high	O
,	O
traders	O
said	O
.	O


Such	O
sentiment	O
is	O
being	O
supported	O
by	O
word	O
that	O
a	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
cash	O
from	O
investment	O
trust	O
funds	O
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
market	O
later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	O
in	O
early	B-DATE
November	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
expected	O
amount	O
is	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
700	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
4.93	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
to	O
1.05	B-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
--	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
amount	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
a	B-DATE
given	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
,	O
following	O
the	O
record	O
high	O
set	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
July	I-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
market	O
observers	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
a	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
investment	O
trust	O
fund	O
cash	O
,	O
analysts	O
generally	O
see	O
the	O
market	O
environment	O
improving	O
compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


Toshiyuki	B-PERSON
Nishimura	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
analyst	O
at	O
Yamaichi	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
market	O
sentiment	O
is	O
bullish	O
,	O
simply	O
because	O
there	O
are	O
few	O
bad	O
factors	O
.	O
''	O


Buying	O
activity	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
centered	O
on	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
midcapitalization	O
,	O
domestic	O
demand	O
-	O
related	O
shares	O
whose	O
prices	O
range	O
from	O
1,000	B-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
2,000	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Investors	O
expect	O
these	O
shares	O
will	O
be	O
targets	O
of	O
investment	O
trust	O
funds	O
,	O
which	O
often	O
buy	O
small	O
amounts	O
spread	O
across	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
issues	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
priced	O
shares	O
such	O
as	O
Pioneer	B-ORG
Electronic	I-ORG
and	O
Sony	B-ORG
failed	O
to	O
spark	O
investor	O
interest	O
because	O
these	O
issues	O
are	O
unlikely	O
to	O
be	O
bought	O
by	O
investment	O
trust	O
funds	O
,	O
observers	O
said	O
.	O


Tuesday	B-DATE
's	O
notable	O
losers	O
were	O
highpriced	O
shares	O
such	O
as	O
Pioneer	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
shed	O
210	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
to	O
5,900	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Sony	B-ORG
was	O
down	O
130	B-CARDINAL
to	O
8,590	B-CARDINAL
.	O


TDK	B-ORG
fell	O
120	B-CARDINAL
to	O
5,960	B-CARDINAL
,	O
Fuji	B-ORG
Photo	I-ORG
Film	I-ORG
declined	O
160	B-CARDINAL
to	O
4,830	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
Fanuc	B-ORG
dropped	O
160	B-CARDINAL
to	O
7,440	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Share	O
prices	O
on	O
the	O
Frankfurt	B-GPE
stock	O
exchange	O
closed	O
sharply	O
lower	O
in	O
thin	O
dealings	O
as	O
worried	O
investors	O
remained	O
idle	O
as	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
potentially	O
destabilizing	O
domestic	O
developments	O
.	O


The	O
DAX	O
index	O
fell	O
15.85	B-CARDINAL
to	O
end	O
at	O
1507.37	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Cutting	O
against	O
the	O
downward	O
trend	O
was	O
Continental	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
jumped	O
4	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
to	O
346	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	O
187	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
in	O
heavy	O
trading	O
on	O
rumors	O
that	O
the	O
tire	O
maker	O
is	O
about	O
to	O
be	O
taken	O
over	O
.	O


It	O
jumped	O
7.5	B-CARDINAL
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


Traders	O
said	O
the	O
market	O
was	O
exceptionally	O
thin	O
,	O
as	O
small	O
investors	O
remain	O
on	O
the	O
sidelines	O
.	O


Market	O
participants	O
say	O
investors	O
are	O
not	O
only	O
licking	O
their	O
wounds	O
following	O
the	O
turbulence	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
they	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
made	O
nervous	O
by	O
two	B-CARDINAL
events	O
in	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
.	O


On	O
Sunday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
governing	O
Christian	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
suffered	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
setbacks	O
,	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
which	O
became	O
fully	O
known	O
only	O
late	B-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
municipal	O
elections	O
in	O
Baden	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Wuerttemberg	I-GPE
.	O


Traders	O
say	O
investors	O
are	O
worried	O
that	O
the	O
CDU	B-ORG
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
hold	O
office	O
in	O
federal	O
elections	O
at	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
statements	O
by	O
the	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
IG	B-ORG
Metall	I-ORG
labor	O
union	O
,	O
Franz	B-PERSON
Steinkuehler	I-PERSON
,	O
also	O
cast	O
a	O
cloud	O
over	O
trading	O
,	O
dealers	O
said	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Steinkuehler	B-PERSON
said	O
at	O
a	O
convention	O
in	O
West	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
that	O
the	O
union	O
has	O
to	O
prepare	O
for	O
``	O
a	O
big	O
fight	O
''	O
to	O
achieve	O
its	O
main	O
goal	O
of	O
a	O
35	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
workweek	B-DATE
,	O
down	O
from	O
current	O
37	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
workweek	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
decline	O
in	O
prices	O
cut	O
broadly	O
through	O
the	O
blue	O
-	O
chip	O
issues	O
,	O
as	O
Siemens	B-ORG
tumbled	O
7.5	B-CARDINAL
to	O
544	B-CARDINAL
,	O
Deutsche	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
plunged	O
7	B-CARDINAL
to	O
657	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
the	O
auto	O
makers	O
fell	O
sharply	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Daimler	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Benz	I-ORG
dropped	O
12.5	B-CARDINAL
to	O
710.5	B-CARDINAL
,	O
Bayerische	B-ORG
Motoren	I-ORG
Werke	I-ORG
dropped	O
10.5	B-CARDINAL
to	O
543.5	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
Volkswagen	B-ORG
lost	O
7.1	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Elsewhere	O
,	O
share	O
prices	O
closed	O
lower	O
in	O
Zurich	B-GPE
,	O
Amsterdam	B-GPE
,	O
Milan	B-GPE
and	O
Stockholm	B-GPE
.	O


Uneasiness	O
about	O
Wall	O
Street	O
was	O
cited	O
in	O
several	O
markets	O
.	O


Prices	O
closed	O
lower	O
in	O
Sydney	B-GPE
,	O
Singapore	B-GPE
and	O
Wellington	B-GPE
,	O
were	O
mixed	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
higher	O
in	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
Manila	B-GPE
,	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
Brussels	B-GPE
and	O
Seoul	B-GPE
.	O


Here	O
are	O
price	O
trends	O
on	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
major	O
stock	O
markets	O
,	O
as	O
calculated	O
by	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Perspective	I-ORG
,	O
Geneva	B-GPE
.	O


To	O
make	O
them	O
directly	O
comparable	O
,	O
each	O
index	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
close	O
of	O
1969	B-DATE
equaling	O
100	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
percentage	O
change	O
is	O
since	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
.	O


Directors	O
of	O
Bergen	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
and	O
Den	B-ORG
Norske	I-ORG
Creditbank	I-ORG
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Norway	B-GPE
's	O
leading	O
banks	O
,	O
announced	O
they	O
had	O
agreed	O
to	O
the	O
formal	O
merger	O
of	O
the	O
banks	O
.	O


The	O
merger	O
would	O
create	O
Scandinavia	B-LOC
's	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
bank	O
,	O
with	O
combined	O
assets	O
of	O
210	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
Norwegian	I-MONEY
kroner	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
30.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
banks	O
said	O
an	O
application	O
for	O
a	O
concession	O
to	O
merge	O
into	O
one	O
entity	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
Den	B-ORG
Norske	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
AS	I-ORG
was	O
sent	O
Monday	B-DATE
to	O
the	B-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
boards	O
said	O
in	O
a	O
joint	O
statement	O
that	O
the	O
proposed	O
merger	O
agreement	O
was	O
considered	O
in	O
separate	O
board	O
meetings	O
in	O
Oslo	B-GPE
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


They	O
said	O
the	O
agreement	O
will	O
be	O
submitted	O
to	O
their	O
respective	O
supervisory	O
boards	O
next	B-DATE
Wednesday	I-DATE
.	O


Extraordinary	O
general	O
meetings	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
held	O
Nov.	B-DATE
28	I-DATE
,	O
will	O
decide	O
the	O
share	O
exchange	O
ratio	O
.	O


The	O
merger	O
requires	O
the	O
approval	O
of	O
Norwegian	B-NORP
authorities	O
.	O


Savings	O
and	O
loans	O
reject	O
blacks	O
for	O
mortgage	O
loans	O
twice	O
as	O
often	O
as	O
they	O
reject	O
whites	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Thrift	I-ORG
Supervision	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
necessarily	O
mean	O
thrifts	O
are	O
discriminating	O
against	O
blacks	O
,	O
the	O
agency	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
office	O
,	O
an	O
arm	O
of	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
,	O
said	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
financial	O
position	O
of	O
applicants	O
and	O
thus	O
ca	O
n't	O
determine	O
why	O
blacks	O
are	O
rejected	O
more	O
often	O
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
on	O
Capitol	B-ORG
Hill	I-ORG
,	O
where	O
the	O
information	O
was	O
released	O
yesterday	B-DATE
at	O
a	O
Senate	B-ORG
banking	O
subcommittee	O
hearing	O
,	O
lawmakers	O
said	O
they	O
are	O
worried	O
that	O
financial	O
institutions	O
are	O
routinely	O
discriminating	O
against	O
minorities	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
regulators	O
to	O
suggest	O
new	O
ways	O
to	O
force	O
banks	O
and	O
thrifts	O
to	O
comply	O
with	O
anti-discrimination	O
laws	O
.	O


Sen.	O
Alan	B-PERSON
Dixon	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D	B-NORP
,	O
Ill.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
subcommittee	O
on	O
consumer	O
and	O
regulatory	O
affairs	O
,	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
a	O
statistician	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
blacks	O
are	O
getting	O
their	O
loan	O
applications	O
rejected	O
twice	O
as	O
often	O
as	O
whites	O
--	O
and	O
in	O
some	O
cities	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
three	B-CARDINAL
and	O
four	B-CARDINAL
times	O
as	O
often	O
--	O
I	O
conclude	O
that	O
discrimination	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O
''	O


James	B-PERSON
Grohl	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
spokesman	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
League	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Savings	I-ORG
Institutions	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
data	O
is	O
a	O
red	O
flag	O
,	O
but	O
lacking	O
the	O
financial	O
data	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
make	O
a	O
case	O
that	O
discrimination	O
is	O
widespread	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
trade	O
group	O
official	O
added	O
:	O
``	O
Certainly	O
the	O
federal	O
government	O
should	O
take	O
a	O
hard	O
look	O
at	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


Sen.	O
Dixon	B-PERSON
held	O
the	O
hearing	O
to	O
follow	O
up	O
on	O
a	O
provision	O
in	O
the	O
savings	O
and	O
loan	O
bailout	O
bill	O
that	O
required	O
regulators	O
to	O
report	O
on	O
evidence	O
of	O
discimination	O
in	O
mortgage	O
lending	O
.	O


The	O
legislation	O
also	O
requires	O
broad	O
new	O
disclosures	O
of	O
the	O
race	O
,	O
sex	O
and	O
income	O
level	O
of	O
borrowers	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
information	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
gathered	O
in	O
new	O
studies	O
for	O
several	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
at	O
least	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
said	O
its	O
studies	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
which	O
adjust	O
for	O
income	O
differences	O
and	O
other	O
variables	O
,	O
showed	O
that	O
blacks	O
received	O
fewer	O
home	O
mortgages	O
from	O
banks	O
and	O
thrifts	O
than	O
whites	O
.	O


But	O
John	B-PERSON
LaWare	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Fed	B-ORG
governor	O
,	O
told	O
the	O
subcommittee	O
the	O
evidence	O
is	O
mixed	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
's	O
believes	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
banks	O
are	O
n't	O
discriminating	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
he	O
noted	O
,	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
blacks	O
receive	O
more	O
home	O
improvement	O
loans	O
than	O
whites	O
.	O


Several	O
lawmakers	O
were	O
angered	O
that	O
the	O
bank	O
and	O
thrift	O
regulators	O
generally	O
said	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
too	O
busy	O
handling	O
the	O
record	O
number	O
of	O
bank	O
and	O
thrift	O
failures	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
put	O
much	O
energy	O
into	O
investigating	O
possible	O
discrimination	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
admit	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
not	O
devoted	O
the	O
necessary	O
amount	O
of	O
emphasis	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
several	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
''	O
to	O
developing	O
examinations	O
for	O
discrimination	O
,	O
said	O
Jonathan	B-PERSON
Fiechter	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
top	O
official	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Thrift	I-ORG
Supervision	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
If	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
folks	O
out	O
there	O
who	O
are	O
being	O
turned	O
away	O
in	O
the	O
mortgage	O
market	O
improperly	O
and	O
unfairly	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Sen.	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Riegle	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Mich.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
banking	O
committee	O
,	O
``	O
then	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
matter	O
that	O
needs	O
remedy	O
now	B-DATE
,	O
not	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
now	I-DATE
,	O
or	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
now	I-DATE
,	O
or	O
26	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
now	I-DATE
.	O
''	O


Officials	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Deposit	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Comptroller	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Currency	I-ORG
said	O
they	O
have	O
punished	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
banks	O
for	O
violations	O
of	O
anti-discrimination	O
laws	O
.	O


The	O
FDIC	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
has	O
issued	O
five	B-CARDINAL
citations	O
to	O
banks	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
for	O
discriminatory	O
practices	O
.	O


The	O
comptroller	O
's	O
office	O
said	O
it	O
found	O
no	O
indications	O
of	O
illegal	O
discrimination	O
in	O
3,437	B-CARDINAL
examinations	O
of	O
banks	O
since	O
April	B-DATE
1987	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
comptroller	O
's	O
office	O
also	O
said	O
that	O
of	O
37,000	B-CARDINAL
complaints	O
it	O
received	O
since	O
January	B-DATE
1987	I-DATE
,	O
only	B-CARDINAL
16	I-CARDINAL
alleged	O
racial	O
discrimination	O
in	O
real	O
estate	O
lending	O
.	O


The	O
agency	O
investigated	O
the	O
complaints	O
but	O
no	O
violations	O
were	O
cited	O
.	O


Thrift	O
regulators	O
did	O
n't	O
give	O
any	O
figures	O
on	O
their	O
enforcement	O
actions	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Fiechter	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
among	O
the	O
possibilities	O
being	O
considered	O
by	O
regulators	O
to	O
fight	O
discrimination	O
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
``	O
testers	O
''	O
--	O
government	O
investigators	O
who	O
would	O
pose	O
as	O
home	O
buyers	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Housing	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Urban	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
has	O
used	O
testers	O
to	O
investigate	O
discrimination	O
in	O
rental	O
housing	O
.	O


Using	O
testers	O
could	O
be	O
controversial	O
with	O
financial	O
institutions	O
,	O
but	O
Mr.	O
Grohl	B-PERSON
said	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
League	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Savings	I-ORG
Institutions	I-ORG
had	O
n't	O
yet	O
taken	O
any	O
position	O
on	O
the	O
matter	O
.	O


Time	B-ORG
Warner	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
is	O
considering	O
a	O
legal	O
challenge	O
to	O
Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
plan	O
to	O
buy	O
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Showtime	B-ORG
Networks	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
move	O
that	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
all	O
-	O
out	O
war	O
between	O
the	O
cable	O
industry	O
's	O
two	B-CARDINAL
most	O
powerful	O
players	O
.	O


Time	B-ORG
is	O
also	O
fighting	O
the	O
transaction	O
on	O
other	O
fronts	O
,	O
by	O
attempting	O
to	O
discourage	O
other	O
cable	O
operators	O
from	O
joining	O
Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
as	O
investors	O
in	O
Showtime	B-ORG
,	O
cable	O
-	O
TV	O
industry	O
executives	O
say	O
.	O


Time	B-ORG
officials	O
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
agreed	O
to	O
pay	O
Viacom	B-ORG
Inc.	O
$	B-MONEY
225	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
a	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
its	O
Showtime	B-ORG
subsidiary	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
distant	O
second	B-ORDINAL
to	O
Time	B-ORG
's	O
Home	B-ORG
Box	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
in	O
the	O
delivery	O
of	O
pay	O
-	O
TV	O
networks	O
to	O
cable	O
subscribers	O
.	O


Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
cable	O
company	O
,	O
said	O
it	O
may	O
seek	O
other	O
cable	O
partners	O
to	O
join	O
in	O
its	O
investment	O
.	O


Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
is	O
HBO	B-ORG
's	O
largest	O
customer	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
have	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
business	O
relationships	O
.	O


Earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Time	B-ORG
even	O
discussed	O
bringing	O
Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
in	O
as	O
an	O
investor	O
in	O
HBO	B-ORG
,	O
executives	O
at	O
both	O
companies	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
purchase	O
of	O
the	O
Showtime	B-ORG
stake	O
is	O
``	O
a	O
direct	O
slap	O
in	O
our	O
face	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
one	B-CARDINAL
senior	O
Time	B-ORG
executive	O
.	O


Time	B-ORG
is	O
expected	O
to	O
mount	O
a	O
legal	O
challenge	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
District	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
where	O
Viacom	B-ORG
in	O
May	B-DATE
filed	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
2.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
antitrust	O
suit	O
charging	O
Time	B-ORG
and	O
HBO	B-ORG
with	O
monopolizing	O
the	O
pay	O
-	O
TV	O
business	O
and	O
trying	O
to	O
crush	O
competition	O
from	O
Showtime	B-ORG
.	O


Executives	O
involved	O
in	O
plotting	O
Time	B-ORG
's	O
defense	O
say	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
preparing	O
a	O
countersuit	O
naming	O
both	O
Viacom	B-ORG
and	O
Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
as	O
defendants	O
.	O


The	O
executives	O
say	O
Time	B-ORG
may	O
seek	O
to	O
break	O
up	O
the	O
transaction	O
after	O
it	O
is	O
consummated	O
,	O
or	O
may	O
seek	O
constraints	O
that	O
would	O
prevent	O
Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
from	O
dropping	O
HBO	B-ORG
in	O
any	O
of	O
its	O
cable	O
systems	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
Showtime	B-ORG
.	O


Viacom	B-ORG
officials	O
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
.	O


Jerome	B-PERSON
Kern	I-PERSON
,	O
Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
chief	O
outside	O
counsel	O
,	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
n't	O
aware	O
of	O
Time	B-ORG
's	O
legal	O
plans	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
any	O
effort	O
by	O
Time	B-ORG
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
investment	O
in	O
Showtime	B-ORG
as	O
anti-competitive	O
would	O
be	O
``	O
the	O
pot	O
calling	O
the	O
kettle	O
black	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
see	O
how	O
an	O
investment	O
by	O
the	O
largest	O
-LCB-	O
cable	O
operator	O
-RCB-	O
in	O
the	O
weaker	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
networks	O
is	O
anti-competitive	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
stronger	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
networks	O
is	O
owned	O
by	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
''	O
cable	O
operator	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Kern	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
owning	O
HBO	B-ORG
,	O
with	O
22	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
subscribers	O
,	O
Time	B-ORG
Warner	I-ORG
separately	O
operates	O
cable	O
-	O
TV	O
system	O
serving	O
about	B-CARDINAL
5.6	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
cable	O
-	O
TV	O
subscribers	O
.	O


Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
controls	O
close	O
to	O
12	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
cable	O
subscribers	O
,	O
and	O
Viacom	B-ORG
has	O
about	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
.	O


In	O
its	O
suit	O
against	O
Time	B-ORG
,	O
Viacom	B-ORG
says	O
the	O
ownership	O
of	O
both	O
cable	O
systems	O
and	O
cable	O
-	O
programming	O
networks	O
gives	O
the	O
company	O
too	O
much	O
market	O
power	O
.	O


Time	B-ORG
argues	O
that	O
in	O
joining	O
up	O
with	O
Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
,	O
Viacom	B-ORG
has	O
potentially	O
more	O
power	O
,	O
particularly	O
since	O
Viacom	B-ORG
also	O
owns	O
cable	O
networks	O
MTV	B-ORG
,	O
VH	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
1	I-ORG
and	O
Nick	B-ORG
at	I-ORG
Nite	I-ORG
.	O


Ironically	O
,	O
Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
and	O
Time	B-ORG
have	O
often	O
worked	O
closely	O
in	O
the	O
cable	O
business	O
.	O


Together	O
,	O
they	O
control	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Turner	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
;	O
Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
has	O
a	O
21.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
,	O
while	O
Time	B-ORG
Warner	I-ORG
has	O
a	O
17.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
.	O


But	O
since	O
Time	B-ORG
's	O
merger	O
with	O
Warner	B-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
have	O
become	O
strained	O
.	O


Each	O
company	O
worries	O
that	O
the	O
other	O
is	O
becoming	O
too	O
powerful	O
and	O
too	O
vertically	O
integrated	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
some	O
legal	O
observers	O
say	O
the	O
Tele	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
investment	O
and	O
other	O
developments	O
are	O
weakening	O
Viacom	B-ORG
's	O
antitrust	O
suit	O
against	O
Time	B-ORG
.	O


Viacom	B-ORG
accuses	O
Time	B-ORG
in	O
its	O
suit	O
of	O
refusing	O
to	O
carry	O
Showtime	B-ORG
or	O
a	O
service	O
,	O
The	B-ORG
Movie	I-ORG
Channel	I-ORG
,	O
on	O
Time	B-ORG
's	O
Manhattan	B-ORG
Cable	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
system	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
largest	O
urban	O
systems	O
.	O


But	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
Manhattan	B-ORG
Cable	I-ORG
announced	O
it	O
will	O
launch	O
Showtime	B-ORG
on	O
Nov.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
to	O
over	B-CARDINAL
230,000	I-CARDINAL
subscribers	O
.	O


Showtime	B-ORG
has	O
also	O
accused	O
HBO	B-ORG
of	O
locking	O
up	O
the	O
lion	O
's	O
share	O
of	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
's	O
movies	O
by	O
signing	O
exclusive	O
contracts	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
major	O
studios	O
.	O


But	O
Showtime	B-ORG
has	O
continued	O
to	O
sign	O
new	O
contracts	O
with	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
studios	O
,	O
and	O
yesterday	B-DATE
announced	O
it	O
will	O
buy	O
movies	O
from	O
Columbia	B-ORG
Pictures	I-ORG
Entertainment	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
currently	O
has	O
a	O
non-exclusive	O
arrangement	O
with	O
HBO	B-ORG
.	O


International	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Machines	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
agreed	O
to	O
acquire	O
a	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
Paxus	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
Australian	B-NORP
computer	O
-	O
software	O
and	O
information	O
-	O
services	O
concern	O
,	O
for	O
20	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Australian	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
US$	B-MONEY
17	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
investment	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
through	O
IBM	B-ORG
Australia	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
IBM	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
said	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


IBM	B-ORG
can	O
raise	O
its	O
stake	O
in	O
Paxus	B-ORG
to	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
agreed	O
to	O
not	O
go	O
beyond	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


Paxus	B-ORG
said	O
in	O
a	O
statement	O
it	O
has	O
several	O
``	O
well	O
developed	O
product	O
and	O
services	O
relationships	O
''	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
computer	O
company	O
,	O
and	O
plans	O
to	O
expand	O
these	O
links	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
earns	O
about	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
its	O
revenue	O
overseas	O
and	O
plans	O
further	O
expansion	O
.	O


A	O
majority	O
stake	O
in	O
Paxus	B-ORG
currently	O
held	O
by	O
NZI	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
will	O
be	O
diluted	O
to	O
slightly	O
less	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
after	O
IBM	B-ORG
acquires	O
its	O
interest	O
.	O


The	O
agreement	O
requires	O
approval	O
from	O
Australia	B-GPE
's	O
Foreign	B-ORG
Investment	I-ORG
Review	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
and	O
National	B-ORG
Companies	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
from	O
shareholders	O
of	O
Paxus	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
Treasury	B-ORG
plans	O
to	O
raise	O
$	B-MONEY
1.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
new	O
cash	O
with	O
the	O
sale	O
Monday	B-DATE
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
15.6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
bills	O
to	O
redeem	O
$	B-MONEY
13.81	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
maturing	O
bills	O
.	O


The	O
offering	O
will	O
be	O
divided	O
evenly	O
between	O
13	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	O
26	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
bills	O
maturing	O
Feb.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
May	B-DATE
3	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
,	O
respectively	O
.	O


Tenders	O
for	O
the	O
bills	O
,	O
available	O
in	O
minimum	O
$	O
10,000	B-MONEY
denominations	O
,	O
must	O
be	O
received	O
by	O
1	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
EST	I-TIME
Monday	B-DATE
at	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
or	O
at	O
Federal	B-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
banks	O
or	O
branches	O
.	O


The	O
Treasury	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
will	O
alter	O
the	O
auctions	O
unless	O
it	O
has	O
assurance	O
of	O
enactment	O
of	O
legislation	O
to	O
raise	O
the	O
statutory	O
debt	O
limit	O
before	O
the	O
scheduled	O
auctions	O
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
's	O
production	O
of	O
cars	O
,	O
trucks	O
and	O
buses	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
fell	O
4.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
to	O
1,120,317	B-CARDINAL
units	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
slip	O
in	O
exports	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Japan	I-ORG
Automobile	I-ORG
Manufacturers	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


Domestic	O
demand	O
continues	O
to	O
grow	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
contribution	O
to	O
higher	O
production	O
was	O
sapped	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
by	O
the	O
estimated	O
2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
fall	O
in	O
imports	O
,	O
accompanied	O
by	O
a	O
growing	O
tendency	O
for	O
Japanese	B-NORP
manufacturers	O
to	O
build	O
vehicles	O
overseas	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
association	O
.	O


The	O
association	O
said	O
domestic	O
demand	O
grew	O
8.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
September	B-DATE
.	O


Demand	O
has	O
been	O
growing	O
consistently	O
under	O
the	O
encouragement	O
of	O
pro-consumption	O
government	O
policies	O
,	O
an	O
association	O
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
said	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
consumption	O
tax	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
has	O
helped	O
sales	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
tax	O
,	O
though	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
general	O
resentment	O
among	O
Japanese	B-NORP
taxpayers	O
,	O
replaced	O
a	O
higher	O
commodities	O
tax	O
that	O
applied	O
to	O
automobiles	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
domestic	O
motor	O
-	O
vehicle	O
sales	O
rose	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Japan	I-ORG
Automobile	I-ORG
Dealers	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
said	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
manufacturers	O
'	O
association	O
will	O
issue	O
statistics	O
on	O
vehicle	O
exports	O
later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Production	O
of	O
cars	O
rose	O
to	O
801,835	B-CARDINAL
units	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
5.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
increase	O
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


Midsized	O
cars	O
accounted	O
for	O
the	O
greatest	O
growth	O
in	O
units	O
,	O
rising	O
62,872	B-CARDINAL
units	O
to	O
134,550	B-CARDINAL
units	O
,	O
or	O
88	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Minicar	O
output	O
more	O
than	O
tripled	O
.	O


Manufacturers	O
produced	O
46,835	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
vehicles	O
--	O
which	O
have	O
engines	O
of	O
500	B-QUANTITY
cubic	I-QUANTITY
centimeters	I-QUANTITY
or	I-QUANTITY
less	I-QUANTITY
--	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
31,777	B-CARDINAL
units	O
.	O


Total	O
truck	O
production	O
fell	O
22	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
to	O
315,546	B-CARDINAL
units	O
.	O


Minitruck	O
production	O
fell	O
13	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
94,243	B-CARDINAL
units	O
.	O


Bus	O
production	O
also	O
slipped	O
,	O
by	O
49	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
to	O
2,936	B-CARDINAL
units	O
.	O


The	O
association	O
spokesman	O
said	O
bus	O
production	O
has	O
declined	O
since	O
January	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
could	O
n't	O
offer	O
an	O
explanation	O
for	O
the	O
fall	O
.	O


Auto	O
production	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
which	O
began	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
totaled	O
6,379,884	B-CARDINAL
units	O
,	O
the	O
association	O
said	O
.	O


Half	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
production	O
was	O
up	O
3.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


Copper	O
futures	O
sold	O
off	O
sharply	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
influenced	O
by	O
declines	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
and	O
dollar	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
rally	O
in	O
bonds	O
.	O


December	B-DATE
copper	O
opened	O
near	O
Monday	B-DATE
's	O
close	O
,	O
tried	O
to	O
rally	O
but	O
failed	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
triggered	O
stop	O
-	O
loss	O
orders	O
on	O
its	O
way	O
down	O
to	O
settle	O
at	O
$	O
1.1510	B-MONEY
a	O
pound	O
,	O
off	O
4.50	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
for	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


Stop	O
-	O
loss	O
orders	O
are	O
placed	O
previously	O
with	O
instructions	O
to	O
execute	O
them	O
if	O
the	O
market	O
hits	O
a	O
predetermined	O
price	O
.	O


William	B-PERSON
Kaiser	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Kaiser	I-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
the	O
decline	O
was	O
almost	O
certainly	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
early	B-DATE
sell	O
-	O
off	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
,	O
which	O
partly	O
reflected	O
a	O
weakening	O
economy	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
the	O
recent	O
decline	O
in	O
copper	O
stocks	O
was	O
misleading	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
a	O
slowdown	O
in	O
manufacturing	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kaiser	B-PERSON
said	O
traders	O
could	O
have	O
picked	O
up	O
signals	O
of	O
an	O
imminent	O
price	O
decline	O
had	O
they	O
been	O
watching	O
the	O
scrap	O
metal	O
markets	O
,	O
which	O
became	O
noticeably	O
weaker	O
two	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
though	O
a	O
weakening	O
economy	O
implies	O
reduced	O
demand	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Kaiser	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
Third	O
World	O
copper	O
-	O
producing	O
countries	O
have	O
n't	O
any	O
choice	O
but	O
to	O
sell	O
copper	O
.	O


They	O
might	O
even	O
step	O
up	O
sales	O
in	O
a	O
falling	O
market	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
flow	O
of	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
into	O
their	O
treasuries	O
.	O


Technically	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Kaiser	B-PERSON
noted	O
that	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
traders	O
had	O
bought	O
into	O
the	O
market	O
when	O
the	O
price	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
1.24	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.26	I-MONEY
range	O
,	O
thinking	O
there	O
was	O
support	O
at	O
the	O
$	O
1.20	B-MONEY
level	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
market	O
fell	O
below	O
that	O
level	O
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
and	O
then	O
yesterday	B-DATE
could	O
n't	O
climb	O
above	O
that	O
level	O
,	O
traders	O
started	O
selling	O
out	O
their	O
positions	O
.	O


Betty	B-PERSON
Raptopoulos	I-PERSON
,	O
senior	O
metals	O
analyst	O
at	O
Prudential	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Bache	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
agreed	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
selling	O
was	O
of	O
a	O
technical	O
nature	O
.	O


She	O
said	O
the	O
market	O
hit	O
the	O
$	O
1.18	B-MONEY
level	O
at	O
around	O
10	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
EDT	I-TIME
where	O
it	O
encountered	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
stop	O
-	O
loss	O
orders	O
.	O


More	O
stop	O
-	O
loss	O
orders	O
were	O
touched	O
off	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
down	O
to	O
below	O
$	O
1.14	B-MONEY
,	O
where	O
modest	O
buying	O
was	O
attracted	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Raptopoulos	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
settling	O
of	O
strikes	O
in	O
Canada	B-GPE
and	O
Mexico	B-GPE
will	O
have	O
little	O
effect	O
on	O
supplies	O
of	O
copper	O
until	O
early	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


She	O
thinks	O
the	O
next	O
area	O
of	O
support	O
for	O
copper	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
$	O
1.09	B-MONEY
to	O
$	O
1.10	B-MONEY
range	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
believe	O
that	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
the	O
selling	O
abates	O
somewhat	O
we	O
could	O
see	O
a	O
rally	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
$	O
1.20	B-MONEY
region	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
added	O
.	O


She	O
thinks	O
a	O
recovery	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
would	O
help	O
copper	O
rebound	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


She	O
noted	O
that	O
the	O
preliminary	O
estimate	O
of	O
the	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
gross	O
national	O
product	O
is	O
due	O
out	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
and	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
up	O
about	B-PERCENT
2.5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
3	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


``	O
If	O
the	O
number	O
is	O
a	O
little	O
better	O
,	O
then	O
copper	O
will	O
respond	O
positively	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
worse	O
then	O
more	O
selling	O
could	O
ensue	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
predicted	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Raptopoulos	B-PERSON
noted	O
that	O
relating	O
economic	O
numbers	O
to	O
specific	O
market	O
activity	O
is	O
tricky	O
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
``	O
the	O
durable	O
goods	O
numbers	O
came	O
out	O
for	O
September	B-DATE
and	O
the	O
number	O
was	O
down	O
only	B-PERCENT
0.1	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
''	O
she	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
However	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
exclude	O
defense	O
-	O
related	O
orders	O
then	O
durable	O
goods	O
were	O
down	O
3.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


I	O
believe	O
that	O
number	O
reflects	O
a	O
slowing	O
economy	O
.	O
''	O


She	O
said	O
copper	O
traders	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
looking	O
toward	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
index	O
of	O
leading	O
economic	O
indicators	O
next	B-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
.	O


However	O
,	O
David	B-PERSON
Threlkeld	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Threlkeld	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
international	O
metals	O
company	O
,	O
noted	O
that	O
so	O
far	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
copper	O
consumption	O
is	O
way	O
ahead	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
of	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
that	O
projected	O
production	O
is	O
below	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Threlkeld	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
copper	O
market	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
anticipating	O
a	O
recession	O
in	O
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
declining	O
use	O
being	O
the	O
result	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
added	O
,	O
``	O
we	O
have	O
had	O
that	O
exact	O
same	O
perception	O
six	B-CARDINAL
times	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O
''	O


He	O
noted	O
that	O
currently	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
available	O
copper	O
to	O
consumption	O
is	O
about	B-DATE
3.5	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
said	O
the	O
normal	O
ratio	O
is	O
five	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Threlkeld	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
bottleneck	O
in	O
copper	O
production	O
is	O
n't	O
at	O
the	O
mines	O
but	O
at	O
the	O
copper	O
refineries	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
takes	O
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
to	O
turn	O
copper	O
concentrate	O
into	O
cathodes	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
recession	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
out	O
of	O
copper	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
March	I-DATE
.	O


If	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
recession	O
that	O
will	O
change	O
the	O
statistical	O
situation	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
thinks	O
that	O
without	O
a	O
recession	O
copper	O
prices	O
could	O
exceed	O
a	O
high	O
of	O
$	O
1.65	B-MONEY
a	O
pound	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
reached	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
Mr.	O
Threlkeld	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
known	O
to	O
have	O
substantial	O
long	O
positions	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
he	O
had	O
bought	O
copper	O
futures	O
in	O
anticipation	O
of	O
rising	O
prices	O
--	O
in	O
the	O
copper	O
futures	O
market	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
commodity	O
markets	O
yesterday	B-DATE
:	O


ENERGY	O
:	O
The	O
attitude	O
was	O
``	O
wait	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
see	O
''	O
in	O
crude	O
oil	O
futures	O
yesterday	B-DATE
in	O
trading	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Mercantile	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
.	O


Prices	O
for	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
benchmark	O
West	B-LOC
Texas	I-LOC
Intermediate	I-LOC
crude	O
remained	O
locked	O
in	O
a	O
fairly	O
narrow	O
range	O
before	O
ending	O
the	O
session	O
four	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
lower	O
at	O
$	O
19.72	B-MONEY
a	O
barrel	O
for	O
December	B-DATE
delivery	O
.	O


Several	O
analysts	O
and	O
brokers	O
said	O
the	O
petroleum	O
market	O
was	O
ready	O
to	O
rally	O
after	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
price	O
declines	O
from	O
profit	O
-	O
taking	O
.	O


But	O
an	O
early	O
80	B-CARDINAL
-	O
point	O
drop	O
in	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
stopped	O
the	O
crude	O
rally	O
cold	O
.	O


The	O
industrial	O
average	O
recovered	O
to	O
close	O
only	B-CARDINAL
3.69	I-CARDINAL
points	O
lower	O
,	O
but	O
petroleum	O
futures	O
never	O
shook	O
off	O
the	O
chill	O
.	O


Most	O
market	O
participants	O
said	O
they	O
were	O
looking	O
to	O
this	O
week	B-DATE
's	O
inventory	O
statistics	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
to	O
give	O
the	O
market	O
some	O
direction	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
is	O
n't	O
generally	O
available	O
until	O
late	B-TIME
on	O
Tuesdays	B-DATE
.	O


PRECIOUS	O
METALS	O
:	O
Futures	O
prices	O
inched	O
upward	O
in	O
mostly	O
lackluster	O
trading	O
.	O


December	B-DATE
gold	O
was	O
up	O
$	O
3.20	B-MONEY
an	O
ounce	O
at	O
$	O
373.40	B-MONEY
;	O
December	B-DATE
silver	O
gained	O
5.7	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
to	O
$	O
5.1950	B-MONEY
an	O
ounce	O
.	O


January	B-DATE
platinum	O
rose	O
$	O
2.30	B-MONEY
an	O
ounce	O
to	O
$	O
488.60	B-MONEY
.	O


Mr.	O
Kaiser	B-PERSON
said	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
fundamental	O
factors	O
moving	O
these	O
markets	O
.	O


He	O
noted	O
that	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
there	O
were	O
rumors	O
of	O
Soviet	B-NORP
sales	O
of	O
precious	O
metals	O
to	O
finance	O
grain	O
purchases	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
sales	O
do	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
have	O
materialized	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Raptopoulos	B-PERSON
thought	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
price	O
action	O
reflected	O
weakness	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
and	O
the	O
dollar	O
.	O


``	O
Gold	O
still	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
haven	O
when	O
uncertainty	O
prevails	O
in	O
the	O
financial	O
markets	O
as	O
it	O
did	O
''	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
she	O
said	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kaiser	B-PERSON
noted	O
that	O
gold	O
was	O
more	O
than	O
71	B-CARDINAL
times	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
silver	O
at	O
the	O
close	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
which	O
is	O
historically	O
high	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
high	O
ratio	O
reflects	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
silver	O
is	O
still	O
regarded	O
as	O
about	O
a	O
half	B-CARDINAL
-	O
industrial	O
metal	O
and	O
its	O
price	O
lagging	O
relative	O
to	O
gold	O
says	O
that	O
traders	O
are	O
expecting	O
a	O
weakening	O
economy	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


GRAINS	O
AND	O
SOYBEANS	O
:	O
Prices	O
closed	O
lower	O
after	O
trading	O
in	O
relatively	O
narrow	O
ranges	O
because	O
of	O
strong	O
selling	O
in	O
the	O
cash	O
market	O
and	O
continued	O
favorable	O
harvest	O
weather	O
.	O


The	O
sale	O
to	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
of	O
330,000	B-QUANTITY
metric	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
wheat	O
under	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
export	O
enhancement	O
program	O
was	O
announced	O
after	O
the	O
close	O
of	O
trading	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
sale	O
was	O
expected	O
and	O
failed	O
to	O
buoy	O
prices	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
said	O
Dale	B-PERSON
Gustafson	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
futures	O
analyst	O
with	O
Drexel	B-ORG
Burnham	I-ORG
Lambert	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
for	O
other	O
export	O
customers	O
,	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
is	O
n't	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
back	O
buying	O
U.S.	B-GPE
corn	O
in	O
significant	O
amounts	O
until	O
early	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
commercial	O
grain	O
users	O
buttressed	O
that	O
opinion	O
yesterday	B-DATE
by	O
buying	O
certain	O
corn	O
options	O
for	O
delivery	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
,	O
indicating	O
to	O
analysts	O
that	O
the	O
commercial	O
companies	O
would	O
use	O
the	O
options	O
to	O
hedge	O
against	O
expected	O
corn	O
sales	O
in	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O


COCOA	O
:	O
Futures	O
at	O
first	B-ORDINAL
continued	O
the	O
rally	O
begun	O
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
then	O
faltered	O
and	O
closed	O
lower	O
.	O


The	O
December	B-DATE
contract	O
opened	O
just	O
under	O
Monday	B-DATE
's	O
close	O
,	O
triggered	O
some	O
previously	O
placed	O
buy	O
orders	O
just	O
above	O
$	O
1,030	B-MONEY
a	O
metric	O
ton	O
,	O
pushing	O
the	O
price	O
to	O
$	O
1,040	B-MONEY
,	O
and	O
then	O
encountered	O
heavy	O
selling	O
by	O
traders	O
who	O
buy	O
and	O
sell	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
accounts	O
and	O
by	O
commercial	O
interests	O
.	O


The	O
contract	O
settled	O
at	O
$	O
1,014	B-MONEY
a	O
ton	O
,	O
off	O
$	O
13	B-MONEY
.	O


Robert	B-PERSON
Hafer	I-PERSON
,	O
senior	O
commodities	O
analyst	O
at	O
Kaiser	B-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
Monday	B-DATE
's	O
rally	O
continued	O
yesterday	B-DATE
for	O
only	B-TIME
about	I-TIME
20	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
after	O
the	O
opening	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
even	O
though	O
there	O
was	O
arbitrage	O
buying	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
because	O
of	O
the	O
weak	O
dollar	O
,	O
cocoa	O
fell	O
to	O
relentless	O
pressure	O
from	O
bearish	O
traders	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
noted	O
that	O
speculators	O
apparently	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
there	O
is	O
much	O
more	O
of	O
a	O
decline	O
in	O
store	O
for	O
cocoa	O
.	O


The	O
December	B-DATE
contract	O
reached	O
its	O
life	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
contract	O
low	O
of	O
$	O
975	B-MONEY
a	O
ton	O
on	O
Oct.	B-DATE
11	I-DATE
;	O
its	O
lifetime	O
high	O
was	O
$	O
1,735	B-MONEY
,	O
set	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
its	O
recent	O
high	O
was	O
$	O
1,368	B-MONEY
,	O
set	O
in	O
early	B-DATE
August	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
last	O
time	O
cocoa	O
traded	O
at	O
prices	O
as	O
low	O
as	O
currently	O
was	O
in	O
1974	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
while	O
further	O
modest	O
declines	O
might	O
be	O
ahead	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Hafer	B-PERSON
said	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
difficult	O
to	O
get	O
through	O
resistance	O
levels	O
just	O
above	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
high	O
.	O


Next	O
to	O
Kohlberg	B-PERSON
Kravis	I-PERSON
Roberts	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
megabillion	O
RJR	B-ORG
Nabisco	I-ORG
deal	O
,	O
SCI	B-ORG
Television	I-ORG
is	O
small	O
fry	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
troubles	O
of	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
are	O
a	O
classic	O
tale	O
of	O
the	O
leveraged	O
buy	O
-	O
out	O
excesses	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
,	O
especially	O
the	O
asset	O
-	O
stripping	O
game	O
.	O


SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
expects	O
to	O
release	O
a	O
plan	O
to	O
restructure	O
$	B-MONEY
1.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
debt	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
or	O
so	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
just	O
another	O
LBO	O
that	O
went	O
bad	O
after	O
piling	O
on	O
debt	O
--	O
though	O
it	O
did	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


The	O
cable	O
and	O
TV	O
station	O
company	O
was	O
an	O
LBO	O
of	O
an	O
LBO	O
,	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
assets	O
that	O
were	O
leveraged	O
twice	O
,	O
enabling	O
the	O
blue	O
-	O
chip	O
buy	O
-	O
out	O
king	O
Henry	B-PERSON
Kravis	I-PERSON
in	O
1987	B-DATE
to	O
take	O
more	O
than	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
cash	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
com	O
-	O
pany	O
.	O


SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
buy	O
-	O
out	O
was	O
an	O
ace	O
in	O
the	O
hole	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Kravis	B-PERSON
and	O
for	O
investors	O
in	O
KKR	B-ORG
partnerships	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
has	O
left	O
holders	O
of	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
junk	O
bonds	O
holding	O
the	O
bag	O
,	O
including	O
some	O
heavyweights	O
that	O
KKR	B-ORG
might	O
need	O
to	O
finance	O
future	O
deals	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Kemper	B-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
,	O
First	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
,	O
Columbia	B-ORG
Savings	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Loan	I-ORG
and	O
Prudential	B-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
.	O


Some	O
junk	O
-	O
holders	O
are	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
considering	O
legal	O
action	O
against	O
KKR	B-ORG
or	O
moves	O
to	O
force	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
into	O
bankruptcy	O
court	O
.	O


And	O
KKR	B-ORG
's	O
majority	O
partner	O
in	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
buy	O
-	O
out	O
,	O
Nashville	B-GPE
,	O
Tenn.	B-GPE
,	O
entrepreneur	O
George	B-PERSON
Gillett	I-PERSON
,	O
also	O
is	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
unhappy	O
.	O


SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
six	B-CARDINAL
stations	O
once	O
were	O
part	O
of	O
Storer	B-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
.	O


KKR	B-ORG
loaded	O
up	O
the	O
cable	O
and	O
television	O
company	O
with	O
debt	O
in	O
an	O
1985	B-DATE
buy	O
-	O
out	O
,	O
then	O
later	O
sold	O
Storer	B-ORG
's	O
cable	O
operations	O
at	O
a	O
fat	O
profit	O
.	O


In	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
KKR	B-ORG
for	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
time	O
piled	O
debt	O
onto	O
Storer	B-ORG
's	O
TV	O
stations	O
,	O
selling	O
them	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
1.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
to	O
a	O
new	O
entity	O
that	O
was	O
45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-	O
owned	O
by	O
KKR	B-ORG
and	O
55	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-	O
owned	O
by	O
Gillett	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
now	O
operates	O
the	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
stations	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
second	B-ORDINAL
LBO	O
,	O
KKR	B-ORG
with	O
one	O
hand	O
took	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
cash	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
TV	O
company	O
's	O
assets	O
and	O
moved	O
it	O
into	O
the	O
Storer	B-ORG
cable	O
operations	O
,	O
making	O
them	O
more	O
valuable	O
in	O
a	O
1988	B-DATE
sale	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Storer	B-ORG
also	O
took	O
$	B-MONEY
125	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
junior	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
bonds	O
as	O
partial	O
payment	O
for	O
the	O
TV	O
assets	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


With	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
KKR	B-ORG
put	O
back	O
into	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
less	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
cash	O
it	O
had	O
taken	O
out	O
,	O
buying	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
common	O
and	O
preferred	O
shares	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
while	O
KKR	B-ORG
today	B-DATE
has	O
an	B-MONEY
estimated	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
250	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
sunk	O
in	O
now	O
-	O
shaky	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
,	O
including	O
equity	O
and	O
debt	O
,	O
the	O
LBO	O
firm	O
still	O
is	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
ahead	O
on	O
the	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
buy	O
-	O
out	O
after	O
taking	O
cash	O
up	O
front	O
.	O


On	O
Storer	B-ORG
as	O
a	O
whole	O
,	O
KKR	B-ORG
racked	O
up	O
compound	O
annual	B-DATE
returns	O
of	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
it	O
owned	O
Storer	B-ORG
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Gillett	B-PERSON
risks	O
losing	O
his	O
entire	O
equity	O
investment	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
if	O
the	O
company	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
restructured	O
.	O


Overall	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Gillett	B-PERSON
's	O
holding	O
company	O
,	O
Gillett	B-ORG
Holdings	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
heavily	O
indebted	O
and	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
its	O
Vail	B-ORG
Mountain	I-ORG
resorts	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
doing	O
very	O
well	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
TV	O
business	O
falling	O
on	O
hard	O
times	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
analysts	O
say	O
that	O
if	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
had	O
to	O
be	O
liquidated	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
might	O
fetch	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
less	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
1987	B-DATE
buy	O
-	O
out	O
,	O
wiping	O
out	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
junk	O
-	O
holders	O
and	O
its	O
stockholders	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
can	O
barely	O
pay	O
its	O
cash	O
interest	O
bill	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
stay	O
out	O
of	O
bankruptcy	O
court	O
it	O
must	O
soon	O
reschedule	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
bank	O
loans	O
and	O
junk	O
bonds	O
that	O
have	O
fallen	O
due	O
.	O


SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
grace	O
period	O
for	O
paying	O
its	O
bills	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
expire	O
Nov.	B-DATE
16	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
now	O
is	O
quietly	O
circulating	O
among	O
creditors	O
a	O
preliminary	O
plan	O
to	O
restructure	O
debt	O
.	O


Negotiations	O
``	O
have	O
started	O
con	O
-	O
structively	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
to	O
say	O
we	O
like	O
this	O
particular	O
offer	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Wilbur	B-PERSON
Ross	I-PERSON
of	O
Rothschild	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
adviser	O
to	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
junk	O
-	O
holders	O
.	O


No	O
major	O
player	O
in	O
the	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
deal	O
will	O
talk	O
publicly	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
understood	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Kravis	B-PERSON
is	O
disappointed	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Gillett	B-PERSON
did	O
n't	O
manage	O
to	O
boost	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
operating	O
profit	O
after	O
the	O
buy	O
-	O
out	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kravis	B-PERSON
apparently	O
thinks	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
can	O
survive	O
if	O
lenders	O
extend	O
its	O
debt	O
payments	O
until	O
TV	O
stations	O
rise	O
in	O
value	O
again	O
,	O
allowing	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
to	O
sell	O
assets	O
to	O
pay	O
debt	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Gillett	B-PERSON
is	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
proud	O
of	O
his	O
operating	O
record	O
;	O
he	O
has	O
lifted	O
some	O
stations	O
'	O
ratings	O
and	O
turned	O
around	O
a	O
Detroit	B-GPE
station	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
junk	O
-	O
holders	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
discovering	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
mistake	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
a	O
trade	O
by	O
KKR	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
bonds	O
of	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
now	O
are	O
being	O
quoted	O
at	O
prices	O
ranging	O
from	B-MONEY
only	I-MONEY
five	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
about	I-MONEY
60	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
on	O
the	O
dollar	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
R.D.	B-ORG
Smith	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
trades	O
distressed	O
securities	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
have	O
seen	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
restructuring	O
plan	O
say	O
it	O
offers	O
concessions	O
by	O
KKR	B-ORG
and	O
Gillett	B-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


They	O
would	O
both	O
give	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
combined	O
$	B-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
common	O
equity	O
in	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
to	O
holders	O
of	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
$	B-MONEY
488	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
junk	O
bonds	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
carrot	O
to	O
persuade	O
them	O
to	O
accept	O
new	O
bonds	O
that	O
might	O
reduce	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
their	O
claims	O
on	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
militant	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
junk	O
-	O
holders	O
say	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
enough	O
.	O


They	O
contend	O
that	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
equity	O
now	O
is	O
worthless	O
.	O


They	O
add	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
costing	O
KKR	B-ORG
anything	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
equity	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
big	O
up	O
-	O
front	O
cash	O
profit	O
on	O
the	O
buy	O
-	O
out	O
,	O
which	O
they	O
think	O
contributed	O
to	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
current	O
problems	O
.	O


Kemper	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
biggest	O
holder	O
of	O
senior	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
bonds	O
,	O
has	O
refused	O
to	O
join	O
the	O
bond	O
-	O
holders	O
committee	O
and	O
is	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
reviewing	O
its	O
legal	O
options	O
.	O


To	O
protect	O
their	O
claims	O
,	O
some	O
junk	O
-	O
holders	O
want	O
KKR	B-ORG
and	O
perhaps	O
Mr.	O
Gillett	B-PERSON
to	O
invest	O
new	O
money	O
in	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
,	O
perhaps	O
$	B-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
or	O
more	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
investment	O
banker	O
who	O
is	O
n't	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
deal	O
says	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
needs	O
at	B-MONEY
least	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
new	O
equity	O
to	O
survive	O
.	O


Junk	O
-	O
holders	O
say	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
stick	O
to	O
beat	O
KKR	B-ORG
with	O
:	O
``	O
The	O
threat	O
of	O
bankruptcy	O
is	O
a	O
legitimate	O
tool	O
''	O
to	O
extract	O
money	O
from	O
KKR	B-ORG
,	O
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
big	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
holder	O
.	O


This	O
could	O
be	O
the	O
first	O
major	O
bankruptcy	O
-	O
law	O
proceeding	O
for	O
KKR	B-ORG
,	O
he	O
adds	O
.	O


A	O
big	O
bankruptcy	O
-	O
court	O
case	O
might	O
tarnish	O
KKR	B-ORG
's	O
name	O
,	O
and	O
provide	O
new	O
fuel	O
for	O
critics	O
of	O
LBOs	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
and	O
elsewhere	O
.	O


But	O
others	O
say	O
junk	O
-	O
holders	O
have	O
nothing	O
to	O
gain	O
by	O
putting	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
into	O
bankruptcy	O
-	O
law	O
proceedings	O
.	O


While	O
KKR	B-ORG
does	O
n't	O
control	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
which	O
is	O
unusual	O
for	O
a	O
KKR	B-ORG
investment	O
--	O
it	O
clearly	O
has	O
much	O
deeper	O
pockets	O
than	O
Mr.	O
Gillett	B-PERSON
.	O


Bankruptcy	O
specialists	O
say	O
Mr.	O
Kravis	B-PERSON
set	O
a	O
precedent	O
for	O
putting	O
new	O
money	O
in	O
sour	O
LBOs	O
recently	O
when	O
KKR	B-ORG
restructured	O
foundering	O
Seaman	B-ORG
Furniture	I-ORG
,	O
doubling	O
KKR	B-ORG
's	O
equity	O
stake	O
.	O


But	O
with	O
Seaman	B-ORG
,	O
KKR	B-ORG
was	O
only	O
trying	O
to	O
salvage	O
its	O
original	O
investment	O
,	O
says	O
bankruptcy	O
investor	O
James	B-PERSON
Rubin	I-PERSON
of	O
Sass	B-ORG
Lamle	I-ORG
Rubin	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


By	O
contrast	O
,	O
KKR	B-ORG
probably	O
has	O
already	O
made	O
all	O
the	O
money	O
it	O
can	O
on	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
.	O


And	O
people	O
who	O
know	O
Mr.	O
Kravis	B-PERSON
say	O
he	O
is	O
n't	O
in	O
a	O
hurry	O
to	O
pour	O
more	O
money	O
into	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
.	O


CONTROL	B-ORG
DATA	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
is	O
offering	O
to	O
purchase	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
154.2	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
amount	O
of	O
its	O
12	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
senior	O
notes	O
due	O
June	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1991	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
par	O
,	O
plus	O
accrued	O
interest	O
to	O
the	O
Dec.	B-DATE
8	I-DATE
purchase	O
date	O
.	O


The	O
Minneapolis	B-GPE
computer	O
systems	O
and	O
services	O
concern	O
said	O
the	O
offer	O
is	O
required	O
under	O
the	O
senior	O
note	O
indenture	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
Control	B-ORG
Data	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
recent	O
sale	O
of	O
its	O
disk	O
drive	O
subsidiary	O
,	O
Imprimis	B-ORG
,	O
to	O
Seagate	B-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Child	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Game	I-WORK_OF_ART


There	O
was	O
very	O
slow	O
play	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
They	O
were	O
selling	O
and	O
buying	O
by	O
halves	B-CARDINAL
;	O
Instead	O
of	O
trading	O
like	O
Bears	O
and	O
Bulls	O
,	O
They	O
behaved	O
like	O
cubs	O
and	O
calves	O
.	O


--	B-PERSON
George	I-PERSON
O.	I-PERSON
Ludcke	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


Politrick	B-WORK_OF_ART


I	O
've	O
learned	O
one	O
thing	O
from	O
candidates	O
,	O
A	O
technique	O
so	O
deftly	O
done	O
:	O
If	O
a	O
question	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
answered	O
,	O
Strongly	O
answer	O
an	O
unasked	O
one	O
!	O


--	B-PERSON
Mimi	I-PERSON
Kay	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


Foresight	B-WORK_OF_ART


We	O
need	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
space	O
platform	O
set	O
up	O
soon	O
--	O
just	O
in	O
case	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
step	O
out	O
for	O
a	O
breath	O
of	O
fresh	O
air	O
.	O


--	B-PERSON
Ivern	I-PERSON
Ball	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


After	O
being	O
whipsawed	O
by	O
a	O
volatile	O
stock	O
market	O
,	O
Treasury	B-ORG
bonds	O
closed	O
higher	O
.	O


But	O
junk	O
bonds	O
took	O
more	O
hits	O
.	O


Early	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
bond	O
dealers	O
said	O
trading	O
volume	O
was	O
heavy	O
as	O
large	O
institutional	O
investors	O
scrambled	O
to	O
buy	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
Treasury	B-ORG
bonds	O
on	O
speculation	O
that	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
's	O
volatility	O
would	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
``	O
flight	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
quality	O
''	O
rally	O
.	O


That	O
happens	O
when	O
nervous	O
stock	O
investors	O
dump	O
equities	O
and	O
buy	O
Treasurys	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
higher	O
in	O
quality	O
and	O
thus	O
considered	O
safe	O
.	O


``	O
Some	O
retail	O
accounts	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
commercial	O
banks	O
and	O
pension	O
funds	O
,	O
wanted	O
to	O
get	O
on	O
the	O
bandwagon	O
before	O
it	O
was	O
too	O
late	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Sung	B-PERSON
Won	I-PERSON
Sohn	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
economist	O
at	O
Norwest	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Minneapolis	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
one	B-CARDINAL
point	O
,	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
average	O
fell	O
about	B-CARDINAL
80	I-CARDINAL
points	O
on	O
news	O
that	O
UAL	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
decided	O
to	O
remain	O
independent	O
.	O


In	O
response	O
,	O
Treasury	B-ORG
prices	O
soared	O
1	B-CARDINAL
1/8	I-CARDINAL
points	O
,	O
or	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
11.25	I-MONEY
for	O
each	O
$	O
1,000	B-MONEY
face	O
amount	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
gains	O
in	O
Treasury	B-ORG
bonds	O
were	O
pared	O
as	O
stocks	O
staged	O
a	O
partial	O
recovery	O
.	O


The	O
industrial	O
average	O
ended	O
at	O
2659.22	B-CARDINAL
,	O
down	O
3.69	B-CARDINAL
points	O
.	O


Economists	O
said	O
the	O
bond	O
market	O
's	O
strength	O
also	O
is	O
a	O
sign	O
that	O
investors	O
expect	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
to	O
cut	O
interest	O
rates	O
amid	O
growing	O
evidence	O
that	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
slowing	O
.	O


While	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
expect	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
to	O
move	O
right	O
away	O
,	O
they	O
say	O
the	O
case	O
for	O
lower	O
rates	O
is	O
building	O
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
reported	O
that	O
new	O
orders	O
for	O
durable	O
goods	O
fell	O
0.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
while	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
auto	O
makers	O
reported	O
lackluster	O
mid-October	B-DATE
sales	O
.	O


The	O
Treasury	B-ORG
's	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
bond	O
ended	O
over	B-CARDINAL
1/4	I-CARDINAL
point	O
higher	O
.	O


Municipal	O
,	O
mortgage	O
-	O
backed	O
and	O
investment	O
-	O
grade	O
corporate	O
bonds	O
rose	O
1/8	B-CARDINAL
to	O
1/2	B-CARDINAL
point	O
.	O


But	O
high	O
-	O
yield	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
bonds	O
fell	O
1/4	B-CARDINAL
to	O
1/2	B-CARDINAL
point	O
with	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
early	O
in	O
the	O
session	O
and	O
never	O
recovered	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
a	O
trader	O
at	O
Drexel	B-ORG
Burnham	I-ORG
Lambert	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
hardest	O
hit	O
junk	O
bonds	O
were	O
those	O
issued	O
by	O
RJR	B-ORG
Holdings	I-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
are	O
the	O
easiest	O
to	O
sell	O
.	O


RJR	B-ORG
's	O
14.70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bonds	O
due	O
2007	B-DATE
fell	O
2	B-CARDINAL
1/2	I-CARDINAL
points	O
.	O


Trading	O
activity	O
in	O
the	O
junk	O
market	O
was	O
extremely	O
light	O
as	O
dealers	O
could	O
n't	O
find	O
enough	O
buyers	O
to	O
match	O
sellers	O
.	O


``	O
While	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
was	O
falling	O
,	O
most	O
-LCB-	O
junk	O
bond	O
holders	O
-RCB-	O
were	O
just	O
watching	O
it	O
not	O
knowing	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Suckow	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
fixed	O
-	O
income	O
securities	O
at	O
Oppenheimer	B-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
It	O
was	O
like	O
driving	O
down	O
the	O
highway	O
watching	O
a	O
wreck	O
.	O


Everybody	O
was	O
rubber	O
-	O
necking	O
.	O
''	O


Adding	O
to	O
the	O
junk	O
market	O
's	O
jitters	O
were	O
reports	O
that	O
Donaldson	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Lufkin	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Jenrette	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
is	O
having	O
trouble	O
structuring	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
1.6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
offering	O
for	O
TW	B-ORG
Food	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
will	O
postpone	O
or	O
even	O
cancel	O
the	O
issue	O
.	O


TW	B-ORG
is	O
the	O
largest	O
franchisee	O
of	O
Hardee	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
fast	O
-	O
food	O
restaurant	O
,	O
and	O
operates	O
several	O
other	O
food	O
chains	O
.	O


Donaldson	B-ORG
Lufkin	I-ORG
would	O
n't	O
comment	O
.	O


Credit	O
analysts	O
said	O
investors	O
are	O
nervous	O
about	O
the	O
issue	O
because	O
they	O
say	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
meet	O
debt	O
payments	O
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
too	O
many	O
variables	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
assets	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
mortgage	O
property	O
to	O
retire	O
some	O
existing	O
debt	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
the	O
TW	B-ORG
offering	O
includes	O
interest	O
-	O
deferred	O
and	O
pay	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
kind	O
securities	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
currently	O
unpopular	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
investors	O
turned	O
a	O
cold	O
shoulder	O
to	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
's	O
sale	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
new	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
notes	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
not	O
too	O
surprising	O
that	O
the	O
auction	O
was	O
sloppy	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
volatility	O
in	O
the	O
bond	O
market	O
because	O
of	O
stocks	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Robert	B-PERSON
T.	I-PERSON
McGee	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
at	O
Tokai	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
Ltd	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
People	O
are	O
looking	O
past	O
supply	O
to	O
lower	O
interest	O
rates	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
're	O
also	O
worried	O
about	O
being	O
whipsawed	O
by	O
the	O
volatility	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
new	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
notes	O
were	O
priced	O
with	O
an	O
average	O
yield	O
of	O
7.74	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


That	O
was	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
7.71	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
7.73	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
average	O
yield	O
that	O
traders	O
had	O
expected	O
.	O


In	O
when	O
-	O
issued	O
trading	O
,	O
the	O
notes	O
were	O
quoted	O
at	O
a	O
price	O
to	O
yield	O
7.78	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Sluggish	O
demand	O
was	O
also	O
evidenced	O
by	O
the	O
weak	O
2.41	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
1	I-CARDINAL
bid	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
cover	O
ratio	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
average	O
2.79	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
1	I-CARDINAL
ratio	O
at	O
the	O
last	O
12	B-CARDINAL
similar	O
auctions	O
.	O


The	O
ratio	O
,	O
which	O
reflects	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
bids	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
receives	O
for	O
each	O
bid	O
accepted	O
,	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
gauge	O
investor	O
demand	O
.	O


Dealers	O
said	O
players	O
shied	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
note	O
sale	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
concerned	O
that	O
prices	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
auction	O
might	O
erode	O
if	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
staged	O
a	O
recovery	O
,	O
which	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
did	O
happen	O
.	O


Individual	O
and	O
Japanese	B-NORP
participation	O
in	O
the	O
auction	O
was	O
disappointing	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
dealers	O
.	O


``	O
Interest	O
by	O
Japanese	B-NORP
investors	O
was	O
limited	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Moran	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
economist	O
at	O
Daiwa	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
They	O
are	O
typically	O
not	O
active	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
note	O
auctions	O
,	O
but	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
participation	O
could	O
be	O
viewed	O
as	O
lighter	O
-	O
than	O
-	O
normal	O
.	O
''	O


However	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Moran	B-PERSON
added	O
that	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
generally	O
have	O
a	O
positive	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
bond	O
market	O
because	O
of	O
expectations	O
that	O
the	O
dollar	O
will	O
remain	O
strong	O
and	O
interest	O
rates	O
will	O
decline	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Possibly	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
waiting	O
to	O
buy	O
at	O
the	O
-LRB-	O
quarterly	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
refunding	O
''	O
of	O
government	O
debt	O
to	O
be	O
held	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
by	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
.	O


A	O
trader	O
at	O
a	O
Japanese	B-NORP
firm	O
estimated	O
that	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
purchased	O
no	B-PERCENT
more	I-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
notes	O
.	O


Treasury	B-ORG
,	O
Agency	O
Securities	O


Today	O
investors	O
will	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
awaited	O
auction	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
4.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
bonds	O
by	O
Resolution	B-ORG
Funding	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
initial	O
bond	O
offering	O
by	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
agency	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
created	O
to	O
help	O
rescue	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
troubled	O
thrifts	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
expected	O
to	O
see	O
robust	O
demand	O
.	O


A	O
small	O
yield	O
premium	O
over	O
comparable	O
Treasurys	O
and	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
liquidity	O
is	O
hampering	O
dealers	O
'	O
efforts	O
to	O
drum	O
up	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
bailout	O
bonds	O
.	O


In	O
when	O
-	O
issued	O
trading	O
,	O
the	O
Refcorp	B-ORG
bonds	O
were	O
quoted	O
at	O
a	O
price	O
to	O
yield	O
8.17	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
benchmark	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
bond	O
was	O
quoted	O
late	O
at	O
102	B-CARDINAL
18/32	I-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
7.89	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
compared	O
with	O
102	B-CARDINAL
9/32	I-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
7.93	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
latest	O
10	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
Treasury	B-ORG
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
100	B-CARDINAL
22/32	I-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
7.88	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
compared	O
with	O
100	B-CARDINAL
17/32	I-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
7.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Short	O
-	O
term	O
rates	O
were	O
unchanged	O
to	O
slightly	O
lower	O
.	O


The	O
discount	O
rate	O
on	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
Treasury	B-ORG
bills	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
7.52	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
a	O
bond	O
-	O
equivalent	O
yield	O
of	O
7.75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
while	O
the	O
rate	O
on	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
Treasury	B-ORG
bills	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
7.47	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
a	O
yield	O
of	O
7.85	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Rates	O
are	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
purchase	O
price	O
and	O
face	O
value	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
higher	O
bidding	O
narrows	O
the	O
investor	O
's	O
return	O
while	O
lower	O
bidding	O
widens	O
it	O
.	O


Corporate	O
Issues	O


Several	O
blue	O
-	O
chip	O
companies	O
tapped	O
the	O
new	O
-	O
issue	O
market	O
yesterday	B-DATE
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
falling	O
interest	O
rates	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
largest	O
offerings	O
,	O
by	O
Exxon	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Xerox	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
Citicorp	B-ORG
,	O
were	O
underwritten	O
by	O
groups	O
led	O
by	O
Salomon	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Exxon	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
,	O
long	O
-	O
rumored	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
potential	O
debt	O
issuer	O
,	O
offered	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
10	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
notes	O
priced	O
to	O
yield	O
8.31	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Citicorp	B-ORG
issued	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
seven	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
notes	O
priced	O
to	O
yield	O
8.82	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
Xerox	B-ORG
priced	O
$	B-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
notes	O
to	O
yield	O
8.85	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
International	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Machines	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
paved	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
the	O
credit	O
markets	O
by	O
filing	O
a	O
shelf	O
registration	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
for	O
$	B-MONEY
800	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
new	O
debt	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
IBM	B-ORG
's	O
existing	O
shelf	O
registration	O
under	O
which	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
debt	O
securities	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
issuance	O
.	O


In	O
secondary	O
trading	O
,	O
investment	O
-	O
grade	O
corporate	O
bonds	O
ended	O
1/8	B-CARDINAL
to	O
1/4	B-CARDINAL
higher	O
.	O


Municipals	O


Actively	O
traded	O
municipal	O
bonds	O
ended	O
1/4	B-CARDINAL
to	O
1/2	B-CARDINAL
point	O
higher	O
in	O
brisk	O
trading	O
,	O
despite	O
a	O
flood	O
of	O
new	O
supply	O
.	O


New	B-ORG
Jersey	I-ORG
Turnpike	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
7.20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
issue	O
of	O
2018	B-DATE
finished	O
1/4	B-CARDINAL
point	O
stronger	O
at	O
98	B-CARDINAL
1/2	I-CARDINAL
bid	O
,	O
to	O
yield	O
7.32	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Traders	O
said	O
municipals	O
were	O
underpinned	O
by	O
influences	O
including	O
the	O
climb	O
in	O
Treasury	B-ORG
issue	O
prices	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
municipal	O
bonds	O
lured	O
buying	O
because	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
remains	O
wobbly	O
,	O
traders	O
contended	O
.	O


Mainly	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
favorable	O
outlook	O
for	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
new	O
supply	O
that	O
propped	O
up	O
municipals	O
,	O
some	O
traders	O
said	O
.	O


Among	O
the	O
new	O
issues	O
was	O
Massachusetts	B-GPE
's	O
$	B-MONEY
230	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
general	O
obligation	O
bonds	O
.	O


The	O
bonds	O
were	O
won	O
by	O
a	O
Goldman	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Sachs	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
group	O
with	O
a	O
true	O
interest	O
cost	O
of	O
7.17	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


They	O
were	O
priced	O
to	O
yield	O
from	O
6.00	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1990	B-DATE
to	O
7.20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
2009	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
Massachusetts	B-GPE
deal	O
had	O
an	O
unsold	O
balance	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
84.3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
late	O
trading	O
,	O
the	O
underwriter	O
said	O
.	O


Mortgage	O
-	O
,	O
Asset	O
-	O
Backed	O
Securities	O


Mortgage	O
securities	O
gained	O
3/32	B-CARDINAL
to	O
9/32	B-CARDINAL
point	O
after	O
a	O
hectic	O
session	O
,	O
with	O
Government	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Mortgage	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
securities	O
as	O
the	O
standout	O
issue	O
.	O


The	O
Ginnie	B-ORG
Mae	I-ORG
issue	O
rose	O
amid	O
talk	O
of	O
large	O
purchases	O
of	O
the	O
securities	O
by	O
institutional	O
investors	O
.	O


The	O
derivative	O
markets	O
remained	O
active	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
new	O
issue	O
was	O
priced	O
and	O
talk	O
circulated	O
about	O
more	O
offerings	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Home	I-ORG
Loan	I-ORG
Mortgage	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
issued	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
real	O
estate	O
mortgage	O
investment	O
conduit	O
backed	O
by	O
its	O
8	B-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
securities	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
asset	O
-	O
backed	O
market	O
,	O
a	O
big	O
offering	O
of	O
Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Credit	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
auto	O
-	O
loan	O
securities	O
was	O
increased	O
in	O
size	O
after	O
strong	O
institutional	O
demand	O
.	O


The	O
deal	O
by	O
the	O
Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
unit	O
,	O
priced	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
was	O
increased	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
3.05	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
from	O
$	B-MONEY
2.58	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Among	O
major	O
pass	O
-	O
through	O
issues	O
,	O
Ginnie	B-ORG
Mae	I-ORG
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
securities	O
for	O
November	B-DATE
delivery	O
ended	O
at	O
98	B-CARDINAL
15/32	I-CARDINAL
,	O
up	O
5/32	B-CARDINAL
,	O
after	O
touching	O
an	O
early	O
high	O
of	O
98	B-CARDINAL
27/32	I-CARDINAL
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
securities	O
were	O
at	O
94	B-CARDINAL
5/32	I-CARDINAL
,	O
up	O
9/32	B-CARDINAL
;	O
9	B-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
securities	O
at	O
100	B-CARDINAL
15/32	I-CARDINAL
,	O
up	O
4/32	B-CARDINAL
;	O
and	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
securities	O
at	O
102	B-CARDINAL
11/32	I-CARDINAL
,	O
up	O
3/32	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Freddie	B-ORG
Mac	I-ORG
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
securities	O
were	O
at	O
97	B-CARDINAL
21/32	I-CARDINAL
,	O
up	O
5/32	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
Ginnie	B-ORG
Mae	I-ORG
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
issue	O
was	O
yielding	O
9.34	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
a	O
12	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
average	O
life	O
assumption	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
spread	O
above	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
10	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
note	O
held	O
at	O
1.46	B-CARDINAL
percentage	O
points	O
.	O


Foreign	O
Bonds	O


The	O
Eurodollar	O
bond	O
market	O
sprang	O
to	O
life	O
late	O
in	O
the	O
European	B-NORP
trading	O
session	O
after	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
tumbled	O
.	O


Eurodollar	O
bonds	O
are	O
often	O
issued	O
by	O
foreign	O
corporations	O
,	O
but	O
interest	O
and	O
principal	O
are	O
paid	O
in	O
dollars	O
.	O


The	O
bonds	O
ended	O
about	B-CARDINAL
1/2	I-CARDINAL
point	O
higher	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


Prices	O
of	O
European	B-NORP
government	O
bonds	O
also	O
rose	O
as	O
U.S.	B-GPE
stocks	O
declined	O
.	O


West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
issue	O
due	O
October	B-DATE
1999	I-DATE
rose	O
0.13	B-CARDINAL
point	O
to	O
99.93	B-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
7.01	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
while	O
the	O
6	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
issue	O
due	O
July	B-DATE
1994	I-DATE
rose	O
0.05	B-CARDINAL
to	O
97.70	B-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
7.33	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Britain	B-GPE
's	O
11	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
Treasury	B-ORG
bond	O
due	O
2003	B-DATE
/	I-DATE
2007	I-DATE
rose	O
17/32	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
112	I-CARDINAL
6/32	I-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
10.05	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
while	O
the	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
notes	O
due	O
1995	B-DATE
rose	O
11/32	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
104	I-CARDINAL
2/32	I-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
10.93	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


In	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
government	O
bond	O
prices	O
fell	O
.	O


The	O
No.	O
111	B-CARDINAL
4.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bond	O
due	O
1998	B-DATE
ended	O
on	O
brokers	O
'	O
screens	O
at	O
95.22	B-CARDINAL
,	O
down	O
0.17	B-CARDINAL
point	O
,	O
to	O
yield	O
5.41	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


BSB	B-ORG
BANCORP	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Binghamton	B-GPE
,	O
N.Y.	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
it	O
increased	O
its	O
regular	O
quarterly	O
dividend	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
to	O
15	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
from	O
10	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
.	O


It	O
is	O
payable	O
Dec.	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
to	O
stock	O
of	O
record	O
Nov.	B-DATE
24	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
move	O
was	O
made	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
bank	O
-	O
holding	O
company	O
's	O
increased	O
profitability	O
,	O
officials	O
said	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
BSB	B-ORG
earned	O
$	B-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
up	O
from	O
$	B-MONEY
1.8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
national	O
over	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
counter	O
trading	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
BSB	B-ORG
closed	O
at	O
$	O
17.50	B-MONEY
,	O
up	O
12.5	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
.	O


BSB	B-ORG
has	O
3.1	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
outstanding	O
.	O


Staar	B-ORG
Surgical	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
board	O
said	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
removed	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
R.	I-PERSON
Waggoner	I-PERSON
as	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
and	O
that	O
John	B-PERSON
R.	I-PERSON
Wolf	I-PERSON
,	O
formerly	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
sales	O
and	O
marketing	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
named	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Waggoner	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
involved	O
in	O
a	O
dispute	O
with	O
the	O
board	O
since	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
he	O
ousted	O
all	O
the	O
directors	O
.	O


Later	O
they	O
said	O
they	O
fired	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
directors	O
attempted	O
to	O
place	O
the	O
company	O
under	O
bankruptcy	O
-	O
law	O
protection	O
.	O


A	O
federal	O
judge	O
turned	O
down	O
the	O
Chapter	B-LAW
11	I-LAW
petition	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
's	O
latest	O
announcement	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Waggoner	B-PERSON
will	O
remain	O
a	O
director	O
of	O
Staar	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
maker	O
of	O
products	O
for	O
small	O
-	O
incision	O
surgery	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
and	O
other	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
board	O
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
announcement	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Waggoner	B-PERSON
could	O
n't	O
be	O
reached	O
.	O


The	O
Staar	B-ORG
board	O
also	O
said	O
that	O
John	B-PERSON
R.	I-PERSON
Ford	I-PERSON
resigned	O
as	O
a	O
director	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Wolf	B-PERSON
was	O
named	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
board	O
.	O


EAST	B-GPE
GERMANY'S	I-GPE
KRENZ	B-PERSON
WARNED	O
against	O
further	O
pro-democracy	O
protests	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
legislature	O
confirmed	O
him	O
as	O
the	O
Communist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
leader	O
,	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
said	O
demonstrations	O
to	O
demand	O
democratic	O
freedoms	O
could	O
cause	O
a	O
``	O
worsening	O
of	O
the	O
situation	O
,	O
or	O
confrontation	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
also	O
reaffirmed	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
allegiance	O
to	O
Communist	B-NORP
orthodoxy	O
.	O


But	O
as	B-CARDINAL
many	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
12,000	I-CARDINAL
people	O
marched	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
after	O
the	O
speech	O
to	O
protest	O
his	O
election	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
balloting	O
,	O
26	B-CARDINAL
members	O
of	O
the	O
500	B-CARDINAL
-	O
seat	O
Parliament	B-ORG
voted	O
against	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
move	O
considered	O
unprecedented	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
40	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
history	O
.	O


Officials	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
,	O
responding	O
to	O
complaints	O
from	O
opposition	O
groups	O
,	O
admitted	O
police	O
used	O
excessive	O
force	O
in	O
dispersing	O
protesters	O
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Iran	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Contra	I-EVENT
judge	O
agreed	O
to	O
allow	O
Poindexter	B-PERSON
to	O
subpoena	O
the	O
personal	O
papers	O
of	O
ex-President	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
,	O
ruling	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
sufficient	O
evidence	O
that	O
the	O
data	O
would	O
be	O
important	O
to	O
the	O
defense	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
judge	O
denied	O
a	O
request	O
by	O
the	O
former	O
national	O
security	O
adviser	O
,	O
who	O
faces	O
five	B-CARDINAL
criminal	O
charges	O
,	O
to	O
seek	O
documents	O
from	O
Bush	B-PERSON
.	O


San	B-LOC
Francisco	I-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
area	O
officials	O
said	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
people	O
remain	O
missing	O
in	O
the	O
aftermath	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
earthquake	O
.	O


The	O
death	O
toll	O
rose	O
to	O
63	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
House	B-ORG
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
approved	O
$	B-MONEY
2.85	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
to	O
aid	O
in	O
the	O
recovery	O
from	O
the	O
temblor	O
and	O
from	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
as	O
state	O
legislators	O
moved	O
toward	O
a	O
temporary	O
sales	O
-	O
tax	O
increase	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
expressed	O
skepticism	O
over	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
effort	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
PLO	B-ORG
continues	O
to	O
practice	O
terrorism	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
provided	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
with	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
recent	O
alleged	O
terrorist	O
incidents	O
attributed	O
to	O
forces	O
controlled	O
by	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
said	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
satisfied	O
that	O
the	O
incidents	O
constituted	O
terrorism	O
.	O


TV	O
evangelist	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Bakker	I-PERSON
was	O
sentenced	O
to	O
45	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
prison	O
and	O
fined	O
$	O
500,000	B-MONEY
for	O
defrauding	O
followers	O
of	O
his	O
PTL	B-ORG
ministry	O
.	O


Bakker	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
immediately	O
taken	O
into	O
custody	O
,	O
was	O
convicted	O
Oct.	B-DATE
5	I-DATE
by	O
a	O
federal	O
court	O
jury	O
in	O
Charlotte	B-GPE
,	O
N.C.	B-GPE
,	O
of	O
fraud	O
and	O
conspiracy	O
for	O
diverting	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
3.7	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
ministry	O
funds	O
for	O
personal	O
use	O
.	O


Lawmakers	O
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
voted	O
to	O
deny	O
the	B-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
its	O
100	B-CARDINAL
guaranteed	O
seats	O
in	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
Congress	B-ORG
,	O
meaning	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
and	O
other	O
aides	O
might	O
have	O
to	O
face	O
voters	O
.	O


In	O
Warsaw	B-GPE
,	O
Shevardnadze	B-PERSON
held	O
his	O
first	O
talks	O
with	O
the	O
Solidarity	B-ORG
-	O
led	O
government	O
and	O
vowed	O
to	O
maintain	O
fuel	O
supplies	O
.	O


Poland	B-GPE
's	O
premier	O
is	O
to	O
visit	O
Moscow	B-GPE
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Arab	I-ORG
League	I-ORG
pledged	O
an	O
accord	O
for	O
a	O
complete	O
Syrian	B-NORP
troop	O
pullout	O
from	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
about	B-CARDINAL
70,000	I-CARDINAL
people	O
marched	O
to	O
the	O
headquarters	O
of	O
Christian	B-NORP
leader	O
Aoun	B-PERSON
to	O
support	O
his	O
rejection	O
of	O
a	O
peace	O
plan	O
approved	O
Sunday	B-DATE
by	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
's	O
legislature	O
.	O


The	O
plan	O
lacked	O
a	O
withdrawal	O
timetable	O
.	O


Pro-Iranian	B-NORP
kidnappers	O
renewed	O
an	O
offer	O
to	O
trade	O
their	O
captives	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
for	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
15	I-CARDINAL
Shiite	B-NORP
Moslem	B-NORP
comrades	O
jailed	O
in	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
statement	O
by	O
Islamic	B-ORG
Jihad	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
holds	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
hostages	O
,	O
was	O
accompanied	O
by	O
a	O
photograph	O
of	O
Associated	B-ORG
Press	I-ORG
correspondent	O
Terry	B-PERSON
Anderson	I-PERSON
,	O
longest	O
held	O
of	O
18	B-CARDINAL
Western	O
hostages	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Treasury	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
said	O
S&Ls	O
reject	O
blacks	O
for	O
mortgage	O
loans	O
twice	O
as	O
often	O
as	O
they	O
reject	O
whites	O
.	O


The	O
department	O
's	O
Office	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Thrift	I-ORG
Supervision	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
necessarily	O
mean	O
thrifts	O
are	O
biased	O
,	O
but	O
conceded	O
that	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
data	O
about	O
applicants	O
to	O
determine	O
why	O
blacks	O
are	O
rejected	O
more	O
often	O
.	O


Emergency	O
crews	O
searched	O
through	O
the	O
charred	O
rubble	O
of	O
a	O
Phillips	B-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
plastics	O
plant	O
near	O
Pasadena	B-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
explosions	O
Monday	B-DATE
killed	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
people	O
and	O
injured	O
124	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Company	O
officials	O
said	O
22	B-CARDINAL
workers	O
were	O
missing	O
and	O
presumed	O
dead	O
.	O


Safety	O
authorities	O
did	O
n't	O
immediately	O
know	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
blasts	O
.	O


NATO	B-ORG
defense	O
ministers	O
opened	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
meeting	O
in	O
Portugal	B-GPE
to	O
assess	O
the	O
alliance	O
's	O
nuclear	O
-	O
weapons	O
needs	O
amid	O
reduced	O
East	O
-	O
West	O
tensions	O
.	O


The	O
ministers	O
ordered	O
a	O
study	O
on	O
the	O
strategic	O
role	O
of	O
nuclear	O
arms	O
in	O
Western	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
once	O
Soviet	B-NORP
conventional	O
weapons	O
are	O
reduced	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
bloc	I-LOC
.	O


The	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
scrambled	O
to	O
play	O
down	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
revised	O
guidelines	O
concerning	O
prosecutions	O
under	O
the	O
federal	O
racketeering	O
law	O
.	O


The	O
guidelines	O
,	O
which	O
discourage	O
prosecutors	O
from	O
seeking	O
court	O
orders	O
seizing	O
the	O
assets	O
of	O
certain	O
racketeering	O
defendants	O
prior	O
to	O
trial	O
,	O
were	O
first	O
disclosed	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Died	O
:	O
S.	B-PERSON
Clark	I-PERSON
Beise	I-PERSON
,	O
91	B-DATE
,	O
ex-president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
of	O
Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
NT&SA	I-ORG
,	O
Saturday	B-DATE
,	O
in	O
Hillsboro	B-GPE
,	O
Calif	B-GPE
.	O


Genetic	O
Defect	O
Spotted	O
In	O
3	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
Day	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
Old	I-DATE
Embryo	O


RESEARCHERS	O
diagnosed	O
a	O
genetic	O
defect	O
in	O
a	O
three	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
mouse	O
embryo	O
in	O
an	O
experiment	O
directly	O
applicable	O
to	O
humans	O
.	O


Prenatal	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
genetic	O
defects	O
as	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
as	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
sixth	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
of	O
pregnancy	O
is	O
increasingly	O
common	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
the	O
mouse	O
experiment	O
at	O
a	O
Medical	B-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
laboratory	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
shows	O
genetic	O
defects	O
can	O
be	O
detected	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
conception	O
using	O
a	O
new	O
American	B-NORP
-	O
developed	O
gene	O
-	O
copying	O
technique	O
.	O


The	O
experiment	O
,	O
applicable	O
to	O
many	O
genetic	O
disorders	O
,	O
involved	O
beta	O
-	O
thalassemia	O
,	O
a	O
severe	O
blood	O
anemia	O
resulting	O
from	O
a	O
missing	O
hemoglobin	O
gene	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
an	O
inherited	O
human	O
disorder	O
that	O
's	O
been	O
duplicated	O
in	O
mice	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
experiment	O
,	O
mice	O
with	O
the	O
defective	O
gene	O
were	O
mated	O
.	O


Three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
before	O
the	O
new	O
embryo	O
had	O
become	O
implanted	O
in	O
the	O
uterus	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
washed	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
mother	O
mouse	O
.	O


The	O
embryo	O
had	O
progressed	O
only	O
to	O
a	O
clump	O
of	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
identical	O
cells	O
.	O


One	O
cell	O
was	O
teased	O
out	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
DNA	O
extracted	O
.	O


Using	O
the	O
new	O
technique	O
developed	O
by	O
Cetus	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
called	O
the	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
,	O
the	O
scientists	O
rapidly	O
made	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
copies	O
of	O
the	O
section	O
of	O
DNA	O
that	O
ordinarily	O
contains	O
the	O
hemoglobin	O
gene	O
,	O
providing	O
enough	O
copies	O
to	O
test	O
.	O


A	O
genetic	O
probe	O
showed	O
the	O
hemoglobin	O
gene	O
was	O
missing	O
,	O
the	O
researchers	O
report	O
in	O
the	O
medical	O
journal	O
Lancet	B-ORG
.	O


In	O
the	O
report	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
molecular	O
biologists	O
suggest	O
such	O
embryo	O
diagnosis	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
couples	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
passing	O
a	O
genetic	O
defect	O
to	O
a	O
child	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
infertile	O
couples	O
who	O
have	O
the	O
woman	O
's	O
eggs	O
fertilized	O
in	O
the	O
test	O
tube	O
usually	O
have	O
several	O
eggs	O
fertilized	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
fertilized	O
cells	O
divide	O
to	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
cells	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
cell	O
from	O
each	O
embryo	O
can	O
be	O
tested	O
for	O
genetic	O
defects	O
.	O


A	O
healthy	O
embryo	O
can	O
be	O
picked	O
for	O
implantation	O
and	O
defective	O
ones	B-CARDINAL
discarded	O
.	O


Or	O
in	O
other	O
couples	O
,	O
the	O
embryo	O
could	O
be	O
temporarily	O
taken	O
out	O
and	O
tested	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
conception	O
and	O
returned	O
if	O
healthy	O
,	O
or	O
discarded	O
if	O
not	O
.	O


Yeast	O
Adapted	O
to	O
Make	O
Gene	O
-	O
Spliced	O
Drugs	O


AN	O
OIL	O
COMPANY	O
finds	O
a	O
sideline	O
in	O
the	O
microscopic	O
world	O
of	O
yeast	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
``	O
world	O
food	O
crisis	O
''	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
worry	O
,	O
Phillips	B-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
like	O
several	O
other	O
big	O
companies	O
,	O
began	O
developing	O
``	O
single	O
-	O
cell	O
protein	O
,	O
''	O
edible	O
protein	O
made	O
by	O
microbes	O
feeding	O
on	O
non-edible	O
materials	O
.	O


Phillips	B-ORG
found	O
and	O
improved	O
a	O
yeast	O
,	O
``	O
Pichia	O
pastoris	O
,	O
''	O
which	O
made	O
protein	O
from	O
natural	O
gas	O
-	O
derived	O
alcohol	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
could	O
convert	O
glucose	O
from	O
farm	O
wastes	O
into	O
edible	O
protein	O
.	O


Single	O
-	O
cell	O
protein	O
never	O
panned	O
out	O
,	O
and	O
most	O
companies	O
abandoned	O
such	O
research	O
.	O


But	O
Phillips	B-ORG
persisted	O
,	O
calling	O
in	O
scientists	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Salk	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
.	O


They	O
've	O
now	O
adapted	O
the	O
yeast	O
to	O
making	O
genetically	O
engineered	O
drugs	O
.	O


Like	O
the	O
bacteria	O
used	O
by	O
genetic	O
engineers	O
,	O
the	O
yeast	O
can	O
take	O
in	O
human	O
genes	O
and	O
churn	O
out	O
human	O
proteins	O
for	O
medical	O
use	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
yeast	O
genetic	O
apparatus	O
is	O
more	O
like	O
that	O
of	O
animals	O
than	O
the	O
bacterial	O
genetic	O
apparatus	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
the	O
proteins	O
from	O
the	O
yeast	O
are	O
molecularly	O
more	O
like	O
human	O
proteins	O
than	O
those	O
from	O
bacteria	O
.	O


The	O
oil	O
company	O
claims	O
its	O
yeast	O
system	O
also	O
is	O
better	O
than	O
bacteria	O
at	O
high	O
-	O
volume	O
production	O
of	O
genetically	O
engineered	O
drugs	O
.	O


Chiron	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
Emeryville	B-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
,	O
biotechnology	O
firm	O
,	O
is	O
seeing	O
if	O
the	O
Phillips	B-ORG
yeast	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
make	O
its	O
genetically	O
engineered	O
human	O
proteins	O
.	O


Peeking	O
Inside	O
Arteries	O
From	O
Outside	O
the	O
Body	O


VISUALIZING	O
BLOOD	O
vessels	O
without	O
poking	O
catheters	O
into	O
the	O
body	O
may	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
research	O
at	O
AT&T	B-ORG
Bell	I-ORG
Laboratories	I-ORG
.	O


Strokes	O
,	O
heart	O
attacks	O
,	O
leg	O
pains	O
-LRB-	O
intermittent	O
claudication	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
other	O
problems	O
stem	O
from	O
clogging	O
of	O
the	O
arteries	O
by	O
cholesterol	O
-	O
rich	O
deposits	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
doctors	O
can	O
see	O
how	O
badly	O
an	O
artery	O
is	O
clogged	O
only	O
by	O
inserting	O
a	O
thin	O
catheter	O
into	O
the	O
artery	O
and	O
injecting	O
a	O
fluid	O
that	O
makes	O
the	O
arteries	O
visible	O
on	O
X-rays	O
.	O


A	O
non-invasive	O
method	O
is	O
being	O
researched	O
by	O
biophysicist	O
Lynn	B-PERSON
Jelinski	I-PERSON
at	O
the	O
AT&T	B-ORG
unit	O
.	O


It	O
relies	O
on	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
certain	O
atoms	O
give	O
off	O
detectable	O
signals	O
when	O
subjected	O
to	O
an	O
intense	O
magnetic	O
field	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
same	O
phenomenon	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
MRI	O
-LRB-	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
-RRB-	O
scanners	O
being	O
used	O
in	O
hospitals	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
X-ray	O
scans	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
Bell	B-ORG
Labs	I-ORG
experiments	O
,	O
an	O
MRI	O
-	O
type	O
of	O
machine	O
,	O
synchronized	O
with	O
the	O
heartbeat	O
via	O
an	O
electrocardiogram	O
,	O
rapidly	O
flashes	O
a	O
magnetic	O
field	O
on	O
and	O
off	O
as	O
blood	O
passes	O
a	O
certain	O
point	O
in	O
a	O
vessel	O
.	O


The	O
rapidly	O
flashing	O
return	O
signals	O
from	O
excited	O
hydrogen	O
atoms	O
in	O
the	O
blood	O
give	O
a	O
``	O
stop	O
-	O
motion	O
''	O
movie	O
of	O
the	O
blood	O
-	O
filled	O
vessel	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
like	O
the	O
``	O
stop	O
-	O
motion	O
''	O
seen	O
in	O
disco	O
dancers	O
when	O
a	O
strobe	O
light	O
is	O
flashing	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
scientists	O
have	O
experimented	O
on	O
the	O
tiny	O
neck	O
arteries	O
of	O
rats	O
.	O


They	O
've	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
measure	O
the	O
minuscule	O
movements	O
of	O
the	O
artery	O
wall	O
as	O
the	O
beating	O
heart	O
raises	O
and	O
lowers	O
the	O
pressure	O
of	O
the	O
flowing	O
blood	O
,	O
a	O
first	B-ORDINAL
for	O
such	O
tiny	O
blood	O
vessels	O
,	O
they	O
report	O
in	O
Nature	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
scientific	O
journal	O
.	O


They	O
now	O
are	O
experimenting	O
with	O
measuring	O
blood	O
flow	O
.	O


The	O
ultimate	O
hope	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
technique	O
could	O
identify	O
diseased	O
vessels	O
.	O


Odds	O
and	O
Ends	O


TESTS	O
ON	O
2,800	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
mummies	O
from	O
Chile	B-GPE
indicate	O
ancient	O
wood	O
fires	O
did	O
n't	O
produce	O
dioxins	O
or	O
dibenzofurans	O
,	O
contradicting	O
a	O
theory	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
pollutants	O
today	B-DATE
are	O
coming	O
from	O
wood	O
burning	O
,	O
General	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
reports	O
in	O
Environmental	B-ORG
Science	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
magazine	O
...	O
.	O


Almost	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
schizophrenic	O
men	O
have	O
an	O
impaired	O
sense	O
of	O
smell	O
vs.	O
fewer	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
schizophrenic	O
women	O
,	O
reports	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Psychiatry	I-ORG
.	O


The	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
filed	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
seeking	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
7.7	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
from	O
a	O
Meredith	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
unit	O
on	O
charges	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
defrauded	O
the	O
government	O
on	O
a	O
contract	O
to	O
provide	O
relocation	O
services	O
for	O
federal	O
employees	O
.	O


The	O
suit	O
,	O
filed	O
in	O
federal	O
trial	O
court	O
in	O
Des	B-GPE
Moines	I-GPE
,	O
Iowa	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
Meredith	B-ORG
is	O
based	O
,	O
alleges	O
that	O
the	O
diversified	O
media	O
company	O
's	O
relocation	O
unit	O
cheated	O
the	O
government	O
by	O
misrepresenting	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
government	O
employees	O
'	O
homes	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
contract	O
required	O
Meredith	B-ORG
Relocation	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
to	O
purchase	O
employees	O
'	O
homes	O
based	O
on	O
independent	O
appraisals	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
alleges	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
``	O
engaged	O
in	O
various	O
forms	O
of	O
misrepresentation	O
''	O
with	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
reducing	O
the	O
appraised	O
value	O
of	O
employees	O
'	O
homes	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
suit	O
,	O
the	O
department	O
seeks	O
to	O
recover	O
$	B-MONEY
7.7	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
costs	O
incurred	O
when	O
the	O
government	O
terminated	O
its	O
contract	O
with	O
Meredith	B-ORG
Relocation	I-ORG
and	O
sought	O
other	O
contracts	O
to	O
replace	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
department	O
also	O
said	O
it	O
seeks	O
``	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
damages	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
presently	O
undetermined	O
,	O
plus	O
penalties	O
.	O
''	O


Officials	O
with	O
Meredith	B-ORG
did	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
immediate	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
suit	O
.	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
London	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
plans	O
to	O
clamp	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
underwriting	O
syndicates	O
to	O
leave	O
their	O
annual	B-DATE
accounts	O
open	O
beyond	O
the	O
customary	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Underwriting	O
syndicates	O
at	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
largest	O
insurance	O
market	O
,	O
generally	O
do	O
n't	O
close	O
their	O
accounts	O
for	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
the	O
filing	O
of	O
claims	O
and	O
litigation	O
.	O


When	O
such	O
claims	O
and	O
litigation	O
extend	O
beyond	O
the	O
period	O
,	O
the	O
syndicates	O
can	O
extend	O
their	O
accounting	O
deadlines	O
.	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
said	O
there	O
are	O
currently	O
115	B-DATE
open	I-DATE
account	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
involving	O
68	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
roughly	O
360	B-CARDINAL
syndicates	O
.	O


The	O
open	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
accounting	O
practice	O
``	O
is	O
widely	O
recognized	O
within	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
as	O
of	O
serious	O
concern	O
''	O
to	O
the	O
31,329	B-CARDINAL
member	O
investors	O
,	O
who	O
underwrite	O
insurance	O
at	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
in	O
return	O
for	O
premium	O
and	O
investment	O
income	O
,	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
procedure	O
causes	O
``	O
great	O
uncertainty	O
''	O
because	O
an	O
investor	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
sure	O
of	O
his	O
or	O
her	O
individual	O
liability	O
,	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
insurance	O
market	O
plans	O
new	O
measures	O
to	O
restrict	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
syndicate	O
officials	O
to	O
leave	O
years	B-DATE
open	O
.	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
expects	O
to	O
enact	O
new	O
rules	O
mandating	O
the	O
changes	O
by	O
year	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
.	O


Under	O
the	O
new	O
rules	O
,	O
the	O
officials	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
secure	O
additional	O
information	O
and	O
reports	O
from	O
actuaries	O
,	O
including	O
an	O
assessment	O
of	O
whether	O
officials	O
have	O
acted	O
reasonably	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
officials	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
get	O
quotes	O
for	O
certain	O
reinsurance	O
contracts	O
and	O
obtain	O
approvals	O
from	O
other	O
syndicate	O
directors	O
.	O


Residents	O
of	O
this	O
city	O
soon	O
will	O
be	O
seeing	O
ads	O
urging	O
them	O
to	O
visit	O
``	O
Cleveland	B-GPE
's	O
outdoor	O
museum	O
''	O
--	O
Lake	B-FAC
View	I-FAC
Cemetery	I-FAC
.	O


Despite	O
such	O
famous	O
tenants	O
as	O
oil	O
magnate	O
John	B-PERSON
D.	I-PERSON
Rockefeller	I-PERSON
,	O
Lake	B-FAC
View	I-FAC
Cemetery	I-FAC
has	O
fallen	O
on	O
hard	O
times	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
inner	O
-	O
city	O
burial	O
ground	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
resurrect	O
itself	O
with	O
a	O
television	O
advertising	O
campaign	O
.	O


The	O
ads	O
celebrate	O
the	O
achievements	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
Lake	B-FAC
View	I-FAC
's	I-FAC
residents	O
.	O


A	O
spot	O
honoring	O
Bill	B-PERSON
White	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
inventor	O
of	O
chewing	O
gum	O
,	O
shows	O
a	O
woman	O
trying	O
to	O
extricate	O
her	O
high	O
-	O
heeled	O
shoe	O
from	O
a	O
wad	O
of	O
gum	O
.	O


Another	O
focuses	O
on	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Brush	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
person	O
to	O
light	O
a	O
city	O
electrically	O
.	O


It	O
shows	O
a	O
boy	O
hurling	O
rocks	O
at	O
a	O
street	O
lamp	O
.	O


Street	O
lights	O
,	O
the	O
ad	O
points	O
out	O
,	O
``	O
helped	O
sharpen	O
the	O
arm	O
of	O
many	O
a	O
budding	O
baseball	O
player	O
.	O
''	O


Cemetery	O
officials	O
hope	O
the	O
ads	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
begin	O
airing	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
will	O
not	O
only	O
draw	O
visitors	O
but	O
bolster	O
burials	O
and	O
endowment	O
fund	O
contributions	O
.	O


Lake	B-FAC
View	I-FAC
had	O
an	O
operating	O
deficit	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
has	O
a	O
poor	O
reputation	O
as	O
an	O
out	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
repair	O
and	O
crime	O
-	O
infested	O
cemetery	O
.	O


The	O
private	O
,	O
non-profit	O
cemetery	O
has	O
had	O
trouble	O
competing	O
against	O
its	O
for	O
-	O
profit	O
counterparts	O
,	O
which	O
use	O
direct	O
mail	O
and	O
other	O
advertising	O
to	O
sell	O
lots	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
known	O
as	O
ambulance	O
chasers	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
William	B-PERSON
Garrison	I-PERSON
,	O
Lake	B-FAC
View	I-FAC
's	I-FAC
president	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
want	O
people	O
to	O
think	O
of	O
Lake	B-FAC
View	I-FAC
as	O
an	O
historical	O
park	O
and	O
educational	O
experience	O
...	O
.	O


A	O
pleasant	O
place	O
to	O
come	O
and	O
spend	O
a	B-TIME
few	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O
''	O


Not	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
cemetery	O
's	O
better	O
-	O
known	O
tenants	O
lend	O
themselves	O
to	O
the	O
promotional	O
job	O
at	O
hand	O
,	O
however	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
President	O
James	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Garfield	I-PERSON
is	O
entombed	O
here	O
,	O
the	O
victim	O
of	O
an	O
assassination	O
in	O
1881	B-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
Mr.	O
Garrison	B-PERSON
notes	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
Garfield	B-PERSON
tomb	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
premier	O
examples	O
of	O
Romanesque	B-NORP
architecture	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Mr.	O
Rockefeller	B-PERSON
,	O
buried	O
beneath	O
a	O
180	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
-	O
tall	O
granite	O
obelisk	O
,	O
did	O
n't	O
seem	O
right	O
for	O
an	O
ad	O
either	O
.	O


The	O
oil	O
magnate	O
,	O
who	O
spent	O
his	O
later	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
passing	O
out	O
dimes	O
to	O
counter	O
his	O
penny	O
-	O
pinching	O
image	O
,	O
``	O
is	O
n't	O
terribly	O
amusing	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Barry	B-PERSON
Olson	I-PERSON
,	O
creative	O
director	O
at	O
Innis	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Maggiore	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Olson	I-ORG
,	O
Canton	B-GPE
,	O
Ohio	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
is	O
producing	O
the	O
ads	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
are	O
plenty	O
of	O
other	O
promising	O
prospects	O
at	O
Lake	B-FAC
View	I-FAC
,	O
promoters	O
believe	O
:	O
Ernest	B-PERSON
Ball	I-PERSON
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
who	O
wrote	O
``	O
When	B-WORK_OF_ART
Irish	I-WORK_OF_ART
Eyes	I-WORK_OF_ART
are	I-WORK_OF_ART
Smiling	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
and	O
Garrett	B-PERSON
Morgan	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
inventor	O
of	O
the	O
gas	O
mask	O
and	O
the	O
tri-colored	O
traffic	O
light	O
.	O


Albert	B-PERSON
Fried	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
59	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
director	O
and	O
holder	O
of	O
a	O
9.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
was	O
named	O
chairman	O
of	O
this	O
maker	O
of	O
products	O
for	O
the	O
construction	O
equipment	O
,	O
material	O
handling	O
and	O
railroad	O
industries	O
.	O


He	O
succeeds	O
L.L.	B-PERSON
White	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
62	B-DATE
,	O
who	O
resigned	O
but	O
continues	O
as	O
a	O
director	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Fried	B-PERSON
also	O
is	O
the	O
managing	O
partner	O
of	O
Albert	B-ORG
Fried	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


Companies	O
listed	O
below	O
reported	O
quarterly	B-DATE
profit	O
substantially	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
average	O
of	O
analysts	O
'	O
estimates	O
.	O


The	O
companies	O
are	O
followed	O
by	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
analysts	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
minimum	O
five	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
change	O
in	O
actual	O
earnings	O
per	O
share	O
.	O


Estimated	O
and	O
actual	O
results	O
involving	O
losses	O
are	O
omitted	O
.	O


The	O
percent	O
difference	O
compares	O
actual	O
profit	O
with	O
the	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
estimate	O
where	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
analysts	O
have	O
issues	O
forecasts	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Otherwise	O
,	O
actual	O
profit	O
is	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
300	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
estimate	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Lodge	I-PERSON
was	O
elected	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
financial	O
officer	O
,	O
effective	O
Nov.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Lodge	B-PERSON
,	O
48	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
former	O
finance	O
executive	O
at	O
Singer	B-ORG
Sewing	I-ORG
Machine	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
Celanese	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
succeeds	O
Francis	B-PERSON
L.	I-PERSON
Brophy	I-PERSON
,	O
64	B-DATE
,	O
who	O
plans	O
to	O
retire	O
from	O
the	O
company	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Carlos	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Salvagni	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
pharmaceutical	O
manufacturing	O
,	O
will	O
assume	O
responsibility	O
for	O
manufacturing	O
in	O
Kalamazoo	B-GPE
,	O
Mich.	B-GPE
,	O
effective	O
Nov.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Salvagni	B-PERSON
,	O
53	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
succeeds	O
John	B-PERSON
C.	I-PERSON
Griffin	I-PERSON
,	O
57	B-DATE
,	O
who	O
is	O
retiring	O
as	O
corporate	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
pharmaceutical	O
manufacturing	O
.	O


Upjohn	B-ORG
is	O
a	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
provider	O
of	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
products	O
and	O
services	O
,	O
seeds	O
and	O
speciality	O
chemicals	O
.	O


Walter	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Brady	I-PERSON
was	O
named	O
a	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
this	O
insurer	O
in	O
the	O
Canadian	B-NORP
head	O
office	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
been	O
vice	O
president	O
in	O
that	O
office	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
B.	I-PERSON
Foy	I-PERSON
was	O
named	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
remains	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
individual	O
policy	O
services	O
department	O
.	O


Frank	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Ollari	I-PERSON
was	O
named	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
the	O
mortgage	O
finance	O
department	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
been	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
department	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
formerly	O
called	O
the	O
real	O
estate	O
department	O
.	O


Timothy	B-PERSON
C.	I-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
was	O
named	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
a	O
director	O
of	O
this	O
lighting	O
and	O
specialty	O
products	O
concern	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
director	O
post	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Brown	B-PERSON
,	O
38	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
succeeds	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Hibben	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
retired	O
from	O
the	O
board	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
.	O


C.	B-PERSON
Barr	I-PERSON
Schuler	I-PERSON
,	O
49	B-DATE
,	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
financial	O
officer	O
,	O
was	O
named	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
corporate	O
development	O
and	O
acquisitions	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
post	O
.	O


Phillip	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Stuecker	I-PERSON
,	O
37	B-DATE
,	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
secretary	O
and	O
treasurer	O
,	O
was	O
named	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
finance	O
and	O
chief	O
financial	O
officer	O
.	O


He	O
remains	O
secretary	O
.	O


Ronald	B-PERSON
B.	I-PERSON
Koenig	I-PERSON
,	O
55	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
was	O
named	O
a	O
senior	O
managing	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
Gruntal	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
brokerage	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
this	O
insurance	O
and	O
financial	O
-	O
services	O
firm	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Koenig	B-PERSON
will	O
build	O
the	O
corporate	O
-	O
finance	O
and	O
investment	O
-	O
banking	O
business	O
of	O
Gruntal	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
has	O
primarily	O
been	O
a	O
retail	O
-	O
based	O
firm	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
chairman	O
and	O
co-chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
of	O
Ladenburg	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Thalmann	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
until	O
July	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
named	O
co-chairman	O
of	O
the	O
investment	O
-	O
banking	O
firm	O
along	O
with	O
Howard	B-PERSON
L.	I-PERSON
Blum	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
then	O
became	O
the	O
sole	O
chief	O
executive	O
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Blum	B-PERSON
,	O
41	B-DATE
,	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
n't	O
aware	O
of	O
plans	O
at	O
Ladenburg	B-ORG
to	O
name	O
a	O
co-chairman	O
to	O
succeed	O
Mr.	O
Koenig	B-PERSON
and	O
said	O
the	O
board	O
would	O
need	O
to	O
approve	O
any	O
appointments	O
or	O
title	O
changes	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Blum	B-PERSON
added	O
he	O
was	O
n't	O
surprised	O
Mr.	O
Koenig	B-PERSON
resigned	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
departure	O
was	O
``	O
nothing	O
that	O
we	O
desired	O
or	O
worked	O
for	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Koenig	B-PERSON
said	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
just	O
got	O
a	O
tremendous	O
offer	O
from	O
Gruntal	B-ORG
.	O


MCI	B-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
received	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
12	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
contract	O
to	O
provide	O
virtual	O
network	O
services	O
to	O
Woolworth	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
5,600	B-CARDINAL
corporate	O
and	O
retail	O
sites	O
in	O
the	O


The	O
contract	O
also	O
provides	O
for	O
advanced	O
billing	O
and	O
network	O
management	O
services	O
.	O


Woolworth	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
expects	O
to	O
expand	O
usage	O
of	O
the	O
MCI	B-ORG
services	O
as	O
it	O
adds	O
about	B-CARDINAL
6,000	I-CARDINAL
business	O
locations	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Philippine	B-NORP
merchandise	O
trade	O
deficit	O
widened	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
1.71	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
during	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
from	O
$	B-MONEY
807	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


Imports	O
continued	O
to	O
outpace	O
Philippine	B-NORP
exports	O
,	O
despite	O
gains	O
in	O
shipments	O
abroad	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
National	B-ORG
Statistics	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


Exports	O
reached	O
$	B-MONEY
5.12	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
up	O
from	O
$	B-MONEY
4.52	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
,	O
while	O
imports	O
rose	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
6.81	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
from	O
$	B-MONEY
5.33	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
trade	O
deficit	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
is	O
already	O
wider	O
than	O
the	O
trade	O
gap	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1.09	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
for	O
all	O
of	O
1988	B-DATE
.	O


Analysts	O
expect	O
the	O
trade	O
gap	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
surpass	O
$	B-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
as	O
demand	O
for	O
capital	O
equipment	O
and	O
raw	O
materials	O
continues	O
to	O
push	O
imports	O
higher	O
.	O


Birtcher	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
signed	O
a	O
definitive	O
agreement	O
with	O
C.R.	B-ORG
Bard	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Murray	B-GPE
Hill	I-GPE
,	O
N.J.	B-GPE
,	O
maker	O
of	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
products	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
purchase	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
Bard	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
EMS	I-ORG
Electrosurgery	I-ORG
division	O
for	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
11	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Birtcher	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
maker	O
of	O
electronic	O
medical	O
equipment	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
transaction	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
close	O
on	O
or	O
before	O
Nov.	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
.	O


Bard	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
EMS	I-ORG
had	O
1988	B-DATE
sales	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
14	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
Birtcher	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


WINSTON	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
SALEM	I-GPE
,	O
N.C.	B-GPE
--	O


First	B-ORG
Wachovia	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
John	B-PERSON
F.	I-PERSON
McNair	I-PERSON
III	I-PERSON
will	O
retire	O
as	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
of	O
this	O
regional	O
banking	O
company	O
's	O
Wachovia	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
Wachovia	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
subsidiaries	O
on	O
Dec.	B-DATE
31	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
McNair	B-PERSON
,	O
62	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
will	O
be	O
succeeded	O
by	O
L.M.	B-PERSON
``	I-PERSON
Bud	I-PERSON
''	I-PERSON
Baker	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
47	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
parent	O
's	O
chief	O
credit	O
officer	O
and	O
head	O
of	O
its	O
administration	O
division	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Baker	B-PERSON
will	O
relinquish	O
his	O
previous	O
positions	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
successor	O
for	O
him	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
named	O
yet	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
on	O
Jan.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Bennett	I-PERSON
,	O
52	B-DATE
,	O
will	O
become	O
vice	O
chairman	O
and	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
of	O
Wachovia	B-ORG
and	O
Wachovia	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
,	O
filling	O
a	O
vacancy	O
left	O
by	O
the	O
retired	O
Hans	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Wanders	I-PERSON
in	O
April	B-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Bennett	B-PERSON
will	O
continue	O
as	O
executive	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
the	O
North	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
banking	O
operation	O
.	O


Messrs.	O
Baker	B-PERSON
and	O
Bennett	B-PERSON
have	O
been	O
elected	O
directors	O
of	O
Wachovia	B-ORG
and	O
Wachovia	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
filling	O
vacant	O
seats	O
on	O
both	O
boards	O
.	O


Canadian	B-NORP
retail	O
sales	O
rose	O
0.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
August	B-DATE
from	O
July	B-DATE
,	O
Statistics	B-ORG
Canada	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
federal	O
agency	O
,	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
August	B-DATE
increase	O
followed	O
a	O
0.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
decline	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
.	O


During	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
retail	O
sales	O
have	O
remained	O
generally	O
weak	O
,	O
advancing	O
an	O
average	O
0.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
a	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
agency	O
said	O
.	O


Raw	O
-	O
steel	O
production	O
by	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
mills	O
decreased	O
0.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
to	O
1,816,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
from	O
1,828,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Iron	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
output	O
fell	O
1.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
the	B-QUANTITY
1,848,000	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
produced	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
industry	O
used	O
81.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
capability	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
compared	O
with	O
82.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	O
86.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Iron	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
reported	O
:	O
The	O
capability	O
utilization	O
rate	O
is	O
a	O
calculation	O
designed	O
to	O
indicate	O
at	O
what	O
percent	O
of	O
its	O
production	O
capability	O
the	O
industry	O
is	O
operating	O
in	O
a	B-DATE
given	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


With	O
reduced	O
exports	O
and	O
rising	O
imports	O
,	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
trade	O
surpluses	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Europe	B-LOC
between	B-DATE
January	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
September	I-DATE
fell	O
sharply	O
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Customs	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


Officials	O
said	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
trade	O
surplus	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
for	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
nine	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
totaled	O
$	B-MONEY
3.49	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
down	O
43	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
on	O
a	O
customs	O
-	O
clearance	O
basis	O
.	O


South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
exports	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
during	O
the	O
period	O
fell	O
1.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
to	O
$	B-MONEY
15.06	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
while	O
imports	O
from	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
soared	O
26	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
$	B-MONEY
11.56	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
trade	O
surplus	O
with	O
Europe	B-LOC
was	O
pegged	O
at	O
$	B-MONEY
414	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
down	O
57	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Officials	O
said	O
South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
exports	O
to	O
Europe	B-LOC
dropped	O
5.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
$	B-MONEY
3.02	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
while	O
imports	O
from	O
there	O
went	O
up	O
17	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
$	B-MONEY
2.61	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Bausch	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Lomb	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
its	O
pharmaceuticals	O
subsidiary	O
agreed	O
to	O
supply	O
collagen	O
corneal	O
shields	O
for	O
animal	O
eye	O
surgery	O
to	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
International	B-ORG
Minerals	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Chemical	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


Terms	O
were	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
.	O


The	O
agreement	O
marks	O
Bausch	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Lomb	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
first	B-ORDINAL
venture	O
selling	O
its	O
eye	O
care	O
products	O
for	O
use	O
by	O
veterinarians	O
.	O


The	O
collagen	O
corneal	O
shield	O
helps	O
speed	O
healing	O
of	O
the	O
cornea	O
after	O
eye	O
surgery	O
.	O


The	O
product	O
will	O
be	O
distributed	O
by	O
Pitman	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Moore	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
International	B-ORG
Minerals	I-ORG
.	O


France	B-GPE
's	O
industrial	O
production	O
index	O
for	O
July	B-DATE
and	O
August	B-DATE
rose	O
1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
June	B-DATE
and	O
was	O
up	O
4.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
seasonally	B-DATE
adjusted	O
data	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Statistics	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
state	O
agency	O
,	O
which	O
usually	O
publishes	O
the	O
data	O
on	O
monthly	B-DATE
basis	O
,	O
but	O
traditionally	O
combines	O
the	O
index	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
summer	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
holiday	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
said	O
the	O
advance	O
was	O
led	O
by	O
output	O
of	O
consumer	O
goods	O
,	O
which	O
rose	O
3.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
June	B-DATE
and	O
was	O
up	O
7.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


Semifinished	O
goods	O
turned	O
in	O
a	O
strong	O
showing	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
monthly	B-DATE
rise	O
of	O
2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
a	O
year	O
-	O
on	O
-	O
year	B-DATE
advance	O
of	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Food	O
production	O
was	O
ahead	O
1.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
June	B-DATE
and	O
5.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


Output	O
in	O
the	O
capital	O
-	O
goods	O
sector	O
was	O
ahead	O
0.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
on	O
a	O
monthly	B-DATE
basis	O
and	O
2.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
year	B-DATE
on	O
year	B-DATE
.	O


These	O
gains	O
were	O
partly	O
offset	O
by	O
output	O
of	O
cars	O
and	O
other	O
consumer	O
durables	O
,	O
which	O
eased	O
3.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
June	B-DATE
's	O
high	O
level	O
.	O


The	O
sector	O
was	O
still	O
8.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
above	O
its	O
output	O
levels	O
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
,	O
however	O
.	O


International	B-ORG
Minerals	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Chemical	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
agreed	O
definitively	O
to	O
sell	O
its	O
international	O
fragrance	O
business	O
to	O
Bayer	B-ORG
AG	I-ORG
of	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
.	O


Terms	O
were	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
.	O


The	O
maker	O
of	O
animal	O
health	O
and	O
nutrition	O
products	O
said	O
the	O
business	O
,	O
Creations	B-PERSON
Aromatiques	I-PERSON
of	O
Port	B-GPE
Valais	I-GPE
,	O
Switzerland	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Woodside	B-GPE
,	O
N.Y.	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
a	O
division	O
of	O
its	O
Mallinckrodt	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
subsidiary	O
and	O
had	O
sales	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
its	O
most	B-DATE
recent	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


International	B-ORG
Minerals	I-ORG
said	O
the	O
sale	O
will	O
allow	O
Mallinckrodt	B-ORG
to	O
focus	O
its	O
resources	O
on	O
its	O
core	O
businesses	O
of	O
medical	O
products	O
,	O
specialty	O
chemicals	O
and	O
flavors	O
.	O


Consumers	B-ORG
Power	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
filed	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Michigan	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
a	O
contract	O
to	O
buy	O
power	O
from	O
the	O
Palisades	B-FAC
nuclear	O
plant	O
under	O
a	O
proposed	O
new	O
ownership	O
arrangement	O
for	O
the	O
plant	O
.	O


Consumers	B-ORG
Power	I-ORG
and	O
Bechtel	B-ORG
Power	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
announced	O
a	O
joint	O
venture	O
to	O
buy	O
the	O
plant	O
,	O
currently	O
owned	O
completely	O
by	O
the	O
utility	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
Japanese	B-NORP
scientists	O
said	O
they	O
discovered	O
an	O
antibody	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
laboratory	O
test	O
-	O
tube	O
experiments	O
,	O
kills	O
AIDS	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	O
while	O
preserving	O
healthy	O
cells	O
.	O


If	O
further	O
experiments	O
are	O
successful	O
,	O
the	O
work	O
would	O
represent	O
a	O
major	O
advance	O
in	O
research	O
on	O
acquired	O
immune	O
deficiency	O
syndrome	O
.	O


The	O
drug	O
AZT	B-PRODUCT
,	O
the	O
only	O
treatment	O
currently	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
claims	O
only	O
to	O
help	O
stop	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
AIDS	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
cure	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
several	O
analysts	O
and	O
Japanese	B-NORP
scientists	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
study	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
announced	O
at	O
a	O
conference	O
in	O
Nagoya	B-GPE
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
expressed	O
skepticism	O
over	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
the	O
results	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
researchers	O
themselves	O
acknowledged	O
they	O
still	O
must	O
do	O
much	O
more	O
work	O
before	O
they	O
can	O
say	O
whether	O
the	O
treatment	O
would	O
actually	O
cure	O
humans	O
.	O


Shin	B-PERSON
Yonehara	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
research	O
scientist	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Tokyo	I-ORG
Metropolitan	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
the	O
antibody	O
he	O
discovered	O
works	O
by	O
recognizing	O
an	O
antigen	O
called	O
a	O
Fas	O
-	O
antigen	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
characteristic	O
of	O
an	O
infected	O
cell	O
.	O


The	O
antibody	O
then	O
kills	O
the	O
cell	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Yonehara	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
partner	O
,	O
Nobuyuki	B-PERSON
Kobayashi	I-PERSON
of	O
Yamaguchi	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
their	O
experiments	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
antibody	O
wiped	O
out	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
AIDS	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	O
within	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
experiments	O
,	O
it	O
killed	O
almost	O
all	O
the	O
infected	O
cells	O
,	O
the	O
researchers	O
said	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
fewer	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
healthy	O
cells	O
were	O
killed	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
said	O
they	O
must	O
still	O
do	O
more	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
,	O
then	O
experiment	O
on	O
animals	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
they	O
hoped	O
to	O
conduct	O
tests	O
on	O
human	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
by	O
late	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
does	O
n't	O
have	O
enough	O
AIDS	O
patients	O
to	O
do	O
significant	O
experimentation	O
in	O
that	O
country	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
announcement	O
got	O
wide	O
exposure	O
in	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
media	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
moved	O
some	O
pharmaceutical	O
stocks	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
Takashi	B-PERSON
Kitamura	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
biology	O
department	O
at	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
National	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
and	O
secretary	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
AIDS	O
-	O
research	O
center	O
,	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
so	O
optimistic	O
of	O
its	O
future	O
use	O
in	O
therapeutic	O
methods	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
said	O
some	O
infected	O
cells	O
may	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
relevant	O
antigen	O
and	O
so	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
killed	O
even	O
after	O
exposure	O
to	O
the	O
antibody	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
results	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
premature	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Mitsuru	B-PERSON
Miyata	I-PERSON
,	O
editor	O
of	O
Nikkei	B-ORG
Biotechnology	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
leading	O
Japanese	B-NORP
industry	O
newsletter	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Kobayashi	B-PERSON
responded	O
that	O
he	O
thought	O
the	O
antibody	O
could	O
potentially	O
kill	O
all	O
infected	O
cells	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
and	O
Dr.	O
Yonehara	B-PERSON
said	O
there	O
were	O
still	O
several	O
uncertainties	O
,	O
particularly	O
regarding	O
possible	O
side	O
effects	O
.	O


``	O
Our	O
antibody	O
specifically	O
killed	O
infected	O
cells	O
at	O
a	O
very	O
low	O
dose	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
can	O
also	O
kill	O
other	O
cells	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Dr.	O
Yonehara	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
We	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
our	O
antibody	O
on	O
the	O
human	O
body	O
.	O
''	O


AIDS	O
is	O
n't	O
considered	O
a	O
widespread	O
problem	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
--	O
the	O
government	O
reports	O
about	B-CARDINAL
1,000	I-CARDINAL
known	O
carriers	O
of	O
the	O
virus	O
--	O
but	O
many	O
companies	O
have	O
poured	O
substantial	O
resources	O
into	O
research	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
hoping	O
to	O
cash	O
in	O
on	O
a	O
possible	O
cure	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Kitamura	B-PERSON
said	O
about	B-CARDINAL
35	I-CARDINAL
projects	O
are	O
currently	O
under	O
way	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
that	O
Japanese	B-NORP
researchers	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
have	O
made	O
available	O
three	B-CARDINAL
possible	O
cures	O
to	O
American	B-NORP
researchers	O
for	O
clinical	O
tests	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
when	O
scientists	O
from	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
meet	O
again	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
in	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
will	O
present	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
more	O
drugs	O
for	O
human	O
testing	O
.	O


AZT	B-PRODUCT
is	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
only	O
prescription	O
medicine	O
approved	O
for	O
treating	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O


Wellcome	B-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
major	O
British	B-NORP
pharmaceutical	O
maker	O
,	O
sells	O
the	O
drug	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
Retrovir	B-PRODUCT
.	O


A	O
Wellcome	B-ORG
spokesman	O
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
the	O
antibody	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
Porter	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
drug	O
-	O
industry	O
analyst	O
at	O
Nikko	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
in	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
if	O
the	O
product	O
were	O
to	O
be	O
successfully	O
developed	O
it	O
would	O
represent	O
``	O
a	O
potential	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
viability	O
of	O
Retrovir	B-PRODUCT
.	O


MINORITY	O
RECRUITING	O
has	O
yet	O
to	O
meet	O
hopes	O
raised	O
by	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
.	O


Six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
as	O
some	O
personnel	O
specialists	O
saw	O
it	O
,	O
a	O
perception	O
that	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
really	O
cared	O
about	O
fair	O
employment	O
--	O
after	O
what	O
they	O
said	O
was	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
-	O
era	O
neglect	O
--	O
was	O
prodding	O
top	O
management	O
to	O
raise	O
hiring	O
goals	O
for	O
females	O
,	O
blacks	O
and	O
other	O
minorities	O
.	O


The	O
perception	O
lingers	O
,	O
says	O
an	O
official	O
at	O
a	O
major	O
industrial	O
company	O
.	O


But	O
so	O
far	O
,	O
he	O
declares	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
little	O
evidence	O
the	O
``	O
new	O
urgency	O
''	O
is	O
trickling	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
managers	O
who	O
actually	O
do	O
hiring	O
.	O


``	O
Is	O
there	O
really	O
a	O
commitment	O
or	O
an	O
illusion	O
of	O
activity	O
?	O
''	O
he	O
asks	O
.	O


The	O
recruiting	O
``	O
has	O
n't	O
materialized	O
,	O
''	O
asserts	O
Jeffrey	B-PERSON
Christian	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
runs	O
a	O
search	O
agency	O
.	O


Samuel	B-PERSON
Hall	I-PERSON
,	O
Howard	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
placement	O
director	O
,	O
also	O
does	O
n't	O
see	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
questions	O
the	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
dedication	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
has	O
done	O
anything	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Recruiter	B-PERSON
Donald	I-PERSON
Clark	I-PERSON
does	O
note	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
searches	O
for	O
minority	O
candidates	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
activity	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
may	O
reflect	O
a	O
rush	O
to	O
get	O
``	O
numbers	O
in	O
order	O
''	O
for	O
end	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
year	O
reports	O
.	O


PAY	O
FOR	O
PERFORMANCE	O
hangs	O
mostly	O
on	O
boss	O
's	O
subjective	O
view	O
.	O


Du	B-ORG
Pont	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
in	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
units	O
has	O
installed	O
objective	O
tests	O
based	O
on	O
earnings	O
or	O
return	O
on	O
equity	O
.	O


Many	O
companies	O
have	O
set	O
up	O
machinery	O
to	O
assure	O
workers	O
a	O
fair	O
shake	O
.	O


At	O
most	O
firms	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
immediate	O
supervisor	O
who	O
decides	O
the	O
merit	O
increases	O
subordinates	O
will	O
be	O
paid	O
.	O


Managers	O
have	O
``	O
some	O
very	O
broad	O
discretion	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
an	O
official	O
at	O
Walt	B-ORG
Disney	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


Unocal	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
top	O
management	O
sets	O
guidelines	O
,	O
but	O
line	O
supervisors	O
slice	O
up	O
the	O
merit	O
pie	O
.	O


Lotus	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
feeds	O
its	O
evaluations	O
into	O
a	O
computer	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
for	O
storage	O
;	O
the	O
decisions	O
are	O
made	O
by	O
supervisors	O
.	O


Hershey	B-ORG
Foods	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
strives	O
for	O
fairness	O
by	O
basing	O
increases	O
on	O
quarterly	B-DATE
reviews	O
,	O
annual	B-DATE
appraisals	O
and	O
meetings	O
with	O
workers	O
.	O


At	O
Chemfix	B-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
each	O
supervisor	O
's	O
recommendation	O
must	O
be	O
approved	O
by	O
the	O
next	O
boss	O
up	O
the	O
line	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
sanctioned	O
by	O
a	O
salary	O
review	O
committee	O
.	O


JAPANESE	B-NORP
COMPANIES	O
fare	O
best	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
when	O
they	O
give	O
Americans	B-NORP
more	O
say	O
.	O


University	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Michigan	I-ORG
researchers	O
find	O
the	O
companies	O
earn	O
more	O
and	O
win	O
a	O
bigger	O
market	O
share	O
when	O
their	O
American	B-NORP
employees	O
get	O
a	O
voice	O
in	O
planning	O
,	O
product	O
development	O
and	O
design	O
,	O
including	O
decision	O
-	O
making	O
back	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
You	O
ca	O
n't	O
hire	O
competent	O
Americans	B-NORP
and	O
say	O
,	O
`	O
Let	O
them	O
run	O
only	O
their	O
own	O
show	O
,	O
'	O
''	O
says	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
Pucik	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
headed	O
the	O
study	O
run	O
with	O
Egon	B-ORG
Zehnder	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
search	O
firm	O
.	O


The	O
researchers	O
say	O
many	O
Japanese	B-NORP
companies	O
err	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
by	O
adopting	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
practice	O
of	O
hiring	O
managers	O
on	O
the	O
``	O
open	O
market	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
by	O
contrast	O
,	O
companies	O
tend	O
to	O
develop	O
their	O
own	O
talent	O
and	O
promote	O
from	O
within	O
.	O


The	O
Japanese	B-NORP
also	O
are	O
accused	O
of	O
keeping	O
their	O
cards	O
too	O
close	O
to	O
their	O
vests	O
.	O


``	O
Some	O
Japanese	B-NORP
executives	O
are	O
not	O
yet	O
...	O
comfortable	O
about	O
sharing	O
strategic	O
information	O
with	O
their	O
American	B-NORP
colleagues	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
researchers	O
say	O
.	O


Americans	B-NORP
stay	O
longer	O
with	O
Japanese	B-NORP
firms	O
than	O
American	B-NORP
companies	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
think	O
promotions	O
are	O
limited	O
.	O


THE	O
HOUSE	B-ORG
votes	O
down	O
a	O
proposal	O
to	O
put	O
pension	O
plans	O
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
joint	O
labor	O
-	O
management	O
boards	O
.	O


Some	O
consultants	O
had	O
insisted	O
it	O
would	O
n't	O
work	O
.	O


LONG	O
-	O
TERM	O
care	O
insurance	O
gains	O
favor	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
the	O
people	O
surveyed	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Employee	I-ORG
Benefit	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
say	O
they	O
would	O
be	O
willing	O
and	O
able	O
to	O
pick	O
up	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
the	O
coverage	O
.	O


FRINGE	O
-	O
BENEFIT	O
spending	O
by	O
small	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
employers	O
has	O
dropped	O
to	O
25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
payroll	O
from	O
29	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
says	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
advisory	O
service	O
.	O


OUSTED	O
EXECUTIVES	O
over	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
take	O
slightly	O
less	O
time	O
than	O
their	O
younger	O
colleagues	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
job	O
--	O
3.23	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
vs.	O
3.26	B-CARDINAL
for	O
the	O
juniors	O
--	O
outplacement	O
firm	O
Challenger	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Gray	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Christmas	I-ORG
finds	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
the	O
survey	O
's	O
15	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
that	O
the	O
over	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
50	I-DATE
group	O
came	O
out	O
ahead	O
.	O


FEAR	O
OF	O
AIDS	O
hinders	O
hiring	O
at	O
few	O
hospitals	O
.	O


Dedication	O
runs	O
high	O
.	O


Wafaa	B-PERSON
El	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Sadr	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
heads	O
the	O
AIDS	O
program	O
at	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Harlem	B-ORG
Hospital	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
,	O
ca	O
n't	O
find	O
help	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
recruiting	O
every	B-DATE
single	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
since	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
identified	O
that	O
many	O
AIDS	O
patients	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
inner	O
city	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
says	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
staff	O
physician	O
available	O
to	O
treat	O
AIDS	O
patients	O
last	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
and	O
now	O
she	O
has	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
only	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
doctors	O
part	O
time	O
.	O


Part	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
may	O
reflect	O
a	O
general	O
unwillingness	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
urban	O
poor	O
.	O


Parkland	B-ORG
Memorial	I-ORG
Hospital	I-ORG
in	O
Dallas	B-GPE
says	O
it	O
has	O
n't	O
had	O
any	O
problem	O
recruiting	O
,	O
even	O
after	O
a	O
nurse	O
contracted	O
the	O
virus	O
while	O
injecting	O
an	O
AIDS	O
patient	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
nobody	O
quit	O
over	O
it	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
panicked	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
spokeswoman	O
says	O
.	O


St.	B-ORG
Paul	I-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
also	O
in	O
Dallas	B-GPE
,	O
sees	O
only	O
a	O
``	O
minimal	O
erosion	O
''	O
of	O
support	O
staff	O
due	O
to	O
AIDS	O
.	O


Yale	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
Haven	I-ORG
Hospital	I-ORG
sees	O
no	O
problem	O
,	O
says	O
John	B-PERSON
Fenn	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
chief	O
of	O
staff	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
are	O
enough	O
enlightened	O
and	O
spirited	O
individuals	O
who	O
know	O
their	O
responsibilities	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


THE	O
CHECKOFF	O
:	O
At	O
least	O
somebody	O
gains	O
on	O
layoffs	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Outplacement	I-ORG
Consulting	I-ORG
Firms	I-ORG
says	O
the	O
industry	O
's	O
volume	O
has	O
soared	O
tenfold	O
since	O
1980	B-DATE
,	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
350	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
...	O
.	O


And	O
somebody	O
loses	O
on	O
the	O
expected	O
repeal	O
of	O
Section	B-LAW
89	I-LAW
,	O
the	O
benefits	O
test	O
fought	O
by	O
most	O
employers	O
.	O


Triad	B-ORG
Solutions	I-ORG
says	O
software	O
producers	O
had	O
each	O
invested	O
hundreds	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
thousands	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
programs	O
that	O
now	O
have	O
no	O
use	O
.	O


Big	O
gains	O
for	O
the	O
ultra-right	O
Republicans	B-NORP
party	O
in	O
Baden	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Wuerttemburg	I-GPE
state	O
municipal	O
elections	O
Sunday	B-DATE
showed	O
eroding	O
support	O
for	O
Chancellor	O
Helmut	B-PERSON
Kohl	I-PERSON
in	O
a	O
traditional	O
bastion	O
for	O
his	O
Christian	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
.	O


With	O
ballots	O
from	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
major	O
cities	O
in	O
by	O
yesterday	B-DATE
morning	B-TIME
,	O
the	O
Republicans	B-NORP
came	O
away	O
with	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
vote	O
in	O
several	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
districts	O
.	O


With	O
many	O
rural	O
districts	O
yet	O
to	O
report	O
ballots	O
,	O
election	O
officials	O
estimate	O
support	O
for	O
Christian	B-NORP
Democrats	I-NORP
fell	O
an	O
average	O
five	B-CARDINAL
percentage	O
points	O
statewide	O
.	O


The	O
left	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
center	O
Social	B-NORP
Democrats	I-NORP
and	O
the	O
environmental	O
Greens	B-NORP
party	O
posted	O
mixed	O
results	O
.	O


Headed	O
by	O
a	O
former	O
Waffen	B-ORG
SS	I-ORG
sergeant	O
and	O
working	O
from	O
a	O
nationalistic	O
platform	O
of	O
anti-foreigner	O
rhetoric	O
,	O
the	O
fledgling	O
Republicans	B-NORP
party	O
has	O
scored	O
surprising	O
gains	O
in	O
earlier	B-DATE
elections	O
in	O
the	O
states	O
of	O
West	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
,	O
Hesse	B-GPE
and	O
North	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Rhine	I-GPE
Westphalia	I-GPE
.	O


With	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
unemployment	O
remaining	O
high	O
at	O
two	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
jobless	O
and	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
affordable	O
housing	O
becoming	O
a	O
primary	O
issue	O
for	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
campaign	O
,	O
the	O
Republicans	B-NORP
are	O
seen	O
drawing	O
support	O
for	O
their	O
``	O
Germans	B-NORP
First	O
''	O
stand	O
on	O
social	O
-	O
welfare	O
issues	O
.	O


Election	O
analysts	O
acknowledge	O
that	O
a	O
``	O
Red	B-NORP
-	O
Green	O
''	O
coalition	O
of	O
Social	B-NORP
Democrats	I-NORP
and	O
Greens	B-NORP
could	O
edge	O
out	O
Chancellor	O
Kohl	B-PERSON
's	O
coalition	O
in	O
the	O
December	B-DATE
1990	I-DATE
national	O
election	O
if	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Republicans	B-NORP
continues	O
to	O
spread	O
.	O


International	O
investigators	O
urged	O
Britain	B-GPE
to	O
allow	O
prosecution	O
of	O
suspected	O
Nazi	B-NORP
war	O
criminals	O
who	O
took	O
refuge	O
there	O
after	B-DATE
1945	I-DATE
.	O


Under	O
current	O
law	O
,	O
such	O
suspects	O
are	O
immune	O
from	O
prosecution	O
for	O
acts	O
committed	O
while	O
not	O
British	B-NORP
citizens	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
careful	O
we	O
could	O
become	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
haven	O
for	O
war	O
criminals	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Jeff	B-PERSON
Rooker	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
Parliament	B-ORG
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
several	O
British	B-NORP
politicians	O
attending	O
a	O
London	B-GPE
conference	O
with	O
government	O
investigators	O
from	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
Canada	B-GPE
and	O
Australia	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
parliamentary	O
inquiry	O
found	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
that	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
70	I-CARDINAL
people	O
living	O
in	O
Britain	B-GPE
could	O
have	O
been	O
part	O
of	O
death	O
squads	O
that	O
roamed	O
Nazi	B-NORP
-	O
occupied	O
Eastern	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
.	O


Parliament	B-ORG
is	O
expected	O
to	O
discuss	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
whether	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


British	B-NORP
investigations	O
were	O
prompted	O
by	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
17	B-CARDINAL
alleged	O
war	O
criminals	O
living	O
in	O
Britain	B-GPE
sent	O
to	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Margaret	B-PERSON
Thatcher	I-PERSON
in	O
October	B-DATE
1986	I-DATE
by	O
the	B-ORG
Simon	I-ORG
Wiesenthal	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
.	O


In	O
a	O
sign	O
of	O
easing	O
tension	O
between	O
Beijing	B-GPE
and	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
China	B-GPE
said	O
it	O
will	O
again	O
take	O
back	O
illegal	O
immigrants	O
caught	O
crossing	O
into	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
colony	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
had	O
refused	O
to	O
repatriate	O
citizens	O
who	O
sneaked	O
into	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
illegally	O
since	O
early	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
colony	O
allowed	O
a	O
dissident	O
Chinese	B-NORP
swimmer	O
to	O
flee	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


About	B-CARDINAL
1,100	I-CARDINAL
Chinese	B-NORP
were	O
awaiting	O
repatriation	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


Italy	B-GPE
's	O
Foreign	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
is	O
investigating	O
exports	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
by	O
an	O
Ing	B-ORG
.	I-ORG
C.	I-ORG
Olivetti	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
subsidiary	O
called	O
OCN	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
PPL	I-ORG
that	O
makes	O
numerically	O
controlled	O
machine	O
tools	O
.	O


Although	O
Italy	B-GPE
's	O
investigation	O
of	O
whether	O
Olivetti	B-ORG
had	O
violated	O
Western	O
export	O
-	O
control	O
rules	O
had	O
previously	O
been	O
made	O
known	O
,	O
this	O
marked	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
the	O
unit	O
and	O
product	O
were	O
named	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
is	O
worried	O
about	O
the	O
convertibility	O
of	O
Olivetti	B-ORG
's	O
machine	O
tools	O
to	O
military	O
use	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
an	O
Olivetti	B-ORG
spokeswoman	O
said	O
OCN	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
PPL	I-ORG
,	O
of	O
which	O
Olivetti	B-ORG
sold	O
the	O
majority	O
interest	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
``	O
does	O
n't	O
make	O
equipment	O
that	O
has	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
precision	O
necessary	O
for	O
sophisticated	O
productions	O
.	O
''	O


Conservationists	O
say	O
that	O
drift	O
-	O
net	O
fishing	O
threatens	O
to	O
wipe	O
out	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
tuna	O
stocks	O
in	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
the	B-ORG
Japanese	I-ORG
Fisheries	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
criticized	O
moves	O
to	O
ban	O
the	O
practice	O
in	O
international	O
waters	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
is	O
really	O
unfortunate	O
for	O
human	O
beings	O
to	O
be	O
swayed	O
by	O
emotional	O
discussions	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
association	O
said	O
.	O


In	O
driftnet	O
,	O
or	O
``	O
wall	O
of	O
death	O
,	O
''	O
fishing	O
,	O
fleets	O
lay	O
nets	O
up	O
to	O
three	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
long	O
that	O
trap	O
almost	O
everything	O
in	O
their	O
path	O
.	O


Earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
said	O
it	O
would	O
cut	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
its	O
drift	O
-	O
net	O
vessels	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
South	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
by	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
,	O
or	O
down	O
to	O
20	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Workers	O
at	O
Peugeot	B-ORG
S.A.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
car	O
plant	O
at	O
Sochaux	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
eastern	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
voted	O
to	O
end	O
a	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
strike	O
that	O
has	O
cost	O
the	O
Peugeot	B-ORG
group	O
production	O
of	O
60,000	B-CARDINAL
automobiles	O
,	O
a	O
company	O
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
strikers	O
voted	O
to	O
accept	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
management	O
proposals	O
that	O
will	O
give	O
them	O
a	O
higher	O
basic	O
wage	O
,	O
better	O
profit	O
-	O
sharing	O
benefits	O
and	O
bigger	O
annual	B-DATE
bonuses	O
.	O


The	O
spokesman	O
said	O
the	O
vote	O
at	O
Sochaux	B-GPE
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
similar	O
move	O
at	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
assembly	O
plant	O
at	O
Mulhouse	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
strikers	O
has	O
been	O
whittled	O
down	O
to	O
80	B-CARDINAL
.	O


About	B-CARDINAL
8,000	I-CARDINAL
National	B-ORG
Union	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Mineworkers	I-ORG
members	O
resumed	O
their	O
strike	O
against	O
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
Consolidated	I-ORG
Mines	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
after	O
further	O
negotiations	O
to	O
settle	O
a	O
wage	O
dispute	O
broke	O
down	O
.	O


Striking	O
workers	O
,	O
who	O
began	O
striking	O
five	B-CARDINAL
diamond	O
mines	O
on	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
,	O
had	O
returned	O
to	O
work	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
when	O
the	O
union	O
and	O
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
arranged	O
to	O
reopen	O
negotiations	O
.	O


A	O
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
spokesman	O
said	O
yesterday	B-DATE
the	O
company	O
had	O
offered	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
minimum	O
wage	O
by	O
18	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
while	O
the	O
union	O
was	O
demanding	O
26.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Before	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
parties	O
resumed	O
talks	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
offered	O
17	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
the	O
union	O
wanted	O
37.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
People	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
took	O
note	O
of	O
the	O
growing	O
problem	O
of	O
computer	O
fraud	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
fraud	O
was	O
discovered	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
1986	I-DATE
at	O
an	O
office	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
,	O
15	B-CARDINAL
major	O
cases	O
have	O
been	O
found	O
,	O
the	O
paper	O
said	O
;	O
the	O
biggest	O
was	O
the	O
theft	O
of	O
$	O
235,000	B-MONEY
from	O
a	O
bank	O
in	O
Chengdu	B-GPE
in	O
March	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
computers	O
has	O
mushroomed	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
in	O
use	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
30,000	B-CARDINAL
miniature	O
models	O
.	O


But	O
security	O
systems	O
,	O
effective	O
management	O
controls	O
and	O
regulations	O
to	O
govern	O
their	O
use	O
have	O
not	O
kept	O
pace	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


Besides	O
money	O
,	O
criminals	O
have	O
also	O
used	O
computers	O
to	O
steal	O
secrets	O
and	O
intelligence	O
,	O
the	O
newspaper	O
said	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
gave	O
no	O
more	O
details	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
tourists	O
will	O
be	O
told	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
when	O
photographing	O
earthquake	O
damage	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Japan	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Travel	I-ORG
Agents	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
association	O
issued	O
an	O
advisory	O
to	O
its	O
1,685	B-CARDINAL
member	O
agencies	O
following	O
a	O
report	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
that	O
picture	O
-	O
taking	O
by	O
Japanese	B-NORP
tourists	O
in	O
earthquake	O
-	O
stricken	O
areas	O
was	O
causing	O
ill	O
feeling	O
among	O
local	O
residents	O
...	O
.	O


Tass	B-ORG
said	O
Lenin	B-PERSON
's	O
tomb	O
in	O
Red	B-FAC
Square	I-FAC
will	O
be	O
closed	O
from	B-DATE
Nov.	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
Jan.	I-DATE
15	I-DATE
for	O
essential	O
maintenance	O
.	O


The	O
red	O
granite	O
mausoleum	O
draws	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
visitors	O
daily	B-DATE
.	O


Fatalities	O
on	O
rural	O
interstates	O
rose	O
33	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
between	B-DATE
1986	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Highway	I-ORG
Traffic	I-ORG
Safety	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
said	O
in	O
a	O
report	O
on	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
65	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
per	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
hour	I-QUANTITY
speed	O
limit	O
on	O
those	O
roads	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
said	O
that	O
fatalities	O
rose	O
18	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1987	B-DATE
and	O
13	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1988	B-DATE
on	O
rural	O
interstates	O
.	O


The	O
1987	B-DATE
highway	O
bill	O
permitted	O
states	O
to	O
raise	O
the	O
speed	O
limit	O
to	O
65	B-QUANTITY
mph	I-QUANTITY
from	O
55	B-QUANTITY
mph	I-QUANTITY
on	O
interstate	O
roads	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
defined	O
as	O
highways	O
that	O
pass	O
through	O
areas	O
with	O
fewer	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
50,000	I-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


Since	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
40	B-CARDINAL
states	O
have	O
increased	O
the	O
speed	O
limit	O
on	O
rural	O
interstates	O
.	O


``	O
About	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
fatality	O
increase	O
is	O
attributed	O
to	O
greater	O
travel	O
,	O
and	O
about	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
is	O
attributed	O
to	O
other	O
factors	O
-LCB-	O
primarily	O
to	O
greater	O
speed	O
-RCB-	O
,	O
''	O
according	O
to	O
NHTSA	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
report	O
showed	O
that	O
deaths	O
on	O
urban	O
interstate	O
highways	O
rose	O
7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
between	B-DATE
1986	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
while	O
fatalities	O
on	O
non-interstate	O
roads	O
were	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
as	O
in	O
1986	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
states	O
that	O
raised	O
the	O
speed	O
limit	O
on	O
rural	O
interstates	O
,	O
the	O
fatality	O
rate	O
rose	O
about	B-PERCENT
18	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
1.7	B-CARDINAL
deaths	O
per	O
100	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
traveled	O
between	B-DATE
1986	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
fatality	O
rate	O
in	O
the	O
states	O
that	O
retained	O
the	O
55	B-QUANTITY
mph	I-QUANTITY
limit	O
was	O
0.9	B-PERCENT
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
in	O
1986	B-DATE
.	O


Well	O
-	O
Seasoned	O
Reasoning	O


-LRB-	O
``	O
Food	O
manufacturer	O
changes	O
spelling	O
of	O
`	O
catsup	O
'	O
to	O
`	O
ketchup	O
,	O
'	O
saying	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
spelling	O
people	O
now	O
prefer	O
.	O
''	O


--	O
WSJ	O
Business	O
Bulletin	O
-RRB-	O


Public	O
preference	O
is	O
important	O
,	O
So	O
product	O
names	O
should	O
match	O
up	O
,	O
And	O
firms	O
that	O
find	O
they	O
're	O
lagging	O
behind	O
Should	O
now	O
take	O
steps	O
to	O
ketchup	O
!	O


--	B-PERSON
George	I-PERSON
O.	I-PERSON
Ludcke	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


Judge	O
Not	O


How	O
easy	O
it	O
is	O
To	O
attack	O
others	O
'	O
views	O
Without	O
ever	O
setting	O
A	O
foot	O
in	O
their	O
shoes	O
!	O


--	B-PERSON
G.	I-PERSON
Sterling	I-PERSON
Leiby	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


Daffynition	O


Money	O
-	O
making	O
course	O
:	O
wad	O
-	O
working	O
.	O


--	B-PERSON
Thomas	I-PERSON
Henry	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


In	O
an	O
Oct.	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
editorial	O
-	O
page	O
article	O
,	O
``	O
It	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
World	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bank	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Turn	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
Adjust	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Craig	I-PERSON
Roberts	I-PERSON
lays	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
blame	O
for	O
what	O
ails	O
developing	O
countries	O
at	O
the	O
doorstep	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
article	O
is	O
,	O
unfortunately	O
,	O
replete	O
with	O
outrageous	O
distortions	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Mr.	O
Roberts	B-PERSON
's	O
observations	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
Bank	B-ORG
's	O
own	O
loan	O
portfolio	O
is	O
in	O
deep	O
trouble	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
lending	O
to	O
developing	O
countries	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
just	O
not	O
so	O
.	O


The	O
reality	O
is	O
that	O
Bank	B-ORG
finances	O
are	O
rock	O
solid	O
.	O


As	O
of	O
June	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
--	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
our	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
came	O
to	O
a	O
close	O
--	O
only	B-PERCENT
4.1	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
Bank	B-ORG
's	O
portfolio	O
was	O
affected	O
by	O
arrears	O
of	O
over	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
is	O
an	O
enviably	O
low	O
level	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
Bank	B-ORG
follows	O
a	O
prudent	O
provisioning	O
policy	O
and	O
has	O
set	O
aside	O
$	B-MONEY
800	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
against	O
possible	O
loan	O
losses	O
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
Bank	B-ORG
's	O
net	O
income	O
was	O
a	O
robust	O
$	B-MONEY
1.1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
after	O
provisions	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
-	O
like	O
manner	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
Bank	B-ORG
goes	O
about	O
development	O
,	O
financial	O
markets	O
have	O
confidence	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


This	O
helps	O
explain	O
the	O
triple	O
-	O
A	O
rating	O
enjoyed	O
by	O
our	O
bonds	O
and	O
our	O
ability	O
to	O
borrow	O
$	B-MONEY
9.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
fiscal	B-DATE
1989	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
most	O
advantageous	O
terms	O
.	O


Another	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Roberts	B-PERSON
's	O
criticisms	O
is	O
that	O
Bank	B-ORG
lending	O
has	O
done	O
more	O
harm	O
than	O
good	O
``	O
by	O
implanting	O
the	O
wrong	O
incentives	O
and	O
deflecting	O
energy	O
away	O
from	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O
''	O


Here	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Roberts	B-PERSON
is	O
way	O
off	O
the	O
mark	O
.	O


The	O
reality	O
is	O
that	O
Bank	B-ORG
loans	O
have	O
been	O
linked	O
to	O
policy	O
improvements	O
for	O
40	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Our	O
traditional	O
project	O
loans	O
have	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
supported	O
sensible	O
energy	O
pricing	O
in	O
the	O
power	O
sector	O
,	O
sound	O
interest	O
-	O
rate	O
policies	O
in	O
the	O
credit	O
area	O
and	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
public	O
utilities	O
as	O
efficient	O
,	O
autonomous	O
agencies	O
.	O


By	O
and	O
large	O
,	O
these	O
efforts	O
have	O
borne	O
fruit	O
.	O


In	O
my	O
home	O
region	O
,	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
,	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
existing	O
infrastructure	O
base	O
--	O
an	O
important	O
building	O
block	O
for	O
development	O
--	O
has	O
been	O
financed	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Roberts	B-PERSON
also	O
takes	O
a	O
swipe	O
at	O
the	O
Bank	B-ORG
's	O
adjustment	O
lending	O
.	O


What	O
are	O
the	O
facts	O
on	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
lending	O
?	O


The	O
Bank	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
making	O
adjustment	O
loans	O
for	O
10	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
their	O
name	O
implies	O
,	O
these	O
operations	O
are	O
linked	O
to	O
far	O
-	O
reaching	O
policy	O
reforms	O
that	O
aim	O
at	O
helping	O
borrowing	O
countries	O
get	O
back	O
on	O
the	O
growth	O
path	O
and	O
at	O
enhancing	O
their	O
credit	O
-	O
worthiness	O
.	O


Typically	O
,	O
these	O
measures	O
include	O
reforms	O
to	O
downsize	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
government	O
and	O
parastatals	O
in	O
the	O
economy	O
,	O
to	O
open	O
up	O
inward	O
-	O
looking	O
economies	O
to	O
international	O
competition	O
and	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
vigorous	O
private	O
sector	O
.	O


Support	O
for	O
the	O
private	O
sector	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
longstanding	O
concern	O
of	O
the	O
Bank	B-ORG
's	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
has	O
helped	O
encourage	O
investments	O
by	O
entrepreneurs	O
in	O
the	O
Third	O
World	O
through	O
its	O
extensive	O
credit	O
operations	O
and	O
through	O
loans	O
and	O
investments	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


Most	O
recently	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
has	O
been	O
expanded	O
to	O
include	O
the	B-ORG
Multilateral	I-ORG
Investment	I-ORG
Guarantee	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
to	O
stimulate	O
direct	O
foreign	O
investment	O
in	O
developing	O
countries	O
by	O
offering	O
guarantees	O
against	O
noncommercial	O
risk	O
and	O
advice	O
to	O
member	O
countries	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
improve	O
their	O
business	O
climate	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
not	O
the	O
actions	O
of	O
a	O
development	O
agency	O
wed	O
to	O
central	O
planning	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
concentration	O
of	O
investment	O
decisions	O
in	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
government	O
,	O
as	O
Mr.	O
Roberts	B-PERSON
alleges	O
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
they	O
reflect	O
the	O
Bank	B-ORG
's	O
time	O
-	O
tested	O
,	O
pragmatic	O
approach	O
,	O
which	O
aims	O
at	O
ensuring	O
that	O
developing	O
countries	O
put	O
their	O
scarce	O
resources	O
to	O
the	O
best	O
possible	O
use	O
.	O


Francisco	B-PERSON
Aguirre	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Sacasa	I-PERSON
Director	O
,	O
External	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG


The	O
government	O
said	O
it	O
would	O
streamline	O
its	O
enormous	O
and	O
often	O
-	O
criticized	O
food	O
marketing	O
and	O
distribution	O
network	O
,	O
Compania	B-ORG
Nacional	I-ORG
de	I-ORG
Subsistencias	I-ORG
Populares	I-ORG
,	O
or	O
Conasupo	B-ORG
.	O


Conasupo	B-ORG
Director	O
Ignacio	B-PERSON
Ovalle	I-PERSON
Fernandez	I-PERSON
said	O
the	O
agency	O
will	O
sell	O
589	B-CARDINAL
midsized	O
supermarkets	O
and	O
several	O
food	O
-	O
production	O
plants	O
and	O
warehouses	O
beginning	O
early	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
agency	O
will	O
withdraw	O
from	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
food	O
products	O
,	O
maintaining	O
production	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
most	O
important	O
ones	O
,	O
corn	O
and	O
milk	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Ovalle	B-PERSON
also	O
said	O
Conasupo	B-ORG
will	O
cut	O
back	O
subsidies	O
to	O
producers	O
of	O
nonessential	O
farm	O
products	O
and	O
close	O
retail	O
outlets	O
in	O
wealthy	O
neighborhoods	O
.	O


The	O
agency	O
's	O
workers	O
and	O
private	O
companies	O
would	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
bid	O
for	O
the	O
assets	O
up	O
for	O
sale	O
.	O


Conasupo	B-ORG
controls	O
prices	O
on	O
agricultural	O
goods	O
and	O
operates	O
retail	O
outlets	O
where	O
basic	O
consumer	O
items	O
are	O
sold	O
at	O
state	O
-	O
subsidized	O
prices	O
.	O


Business	O
leaders	O
have	O
long	O
criticized	O
the	O
agency	O
as	O
a	O
leading	O
example	O
of	O
bureacratic	O
waste	O
.	O


Private	O
-	O
sector	O
leaders	O
praised	O
the	O
Conasupo	B-ORG
restructuring	O
.	O


But	O
most	O
economists	O
doubt	O
the	O
streamlining	O
would	O
cut	O
deeply	O
into	O
Conasupo	B-ORG
government	O
subsidy	O
,	O
which	O
largely	O
goes	O
to	O
reduce	O
consumer	O
prices	O
for	O
corn	O
and	O
milk	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Food	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Drug	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
banned	O
all	O
imports	O
of	O
mushrooms	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
rash	O
of	O
food	O
-	O
poisoning	O
outbreaks	O
linked	O
to	O
canned	O
Chinese	B-NORP
mushrooms	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
agency	O
has	O
concluded	O
that	O
contamination	O
may	O
be	O
widespread	O
throughout	O
the	O
mushroom	O
-	O
processing	O
industry	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
''	O
an	O
FDA	B-ORG
spokesman	O
said	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
agency	O
wo	O
n't	O
allow	O
mushrooms	O
that	O
were	O
canned	O
or	O
packed	O
in	O
brine	O
at	O
any	O
Chinese	B-NORP
plant	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
until	O
``	O
satisfactory	O
sanitation	O
-	O
control	O
measures	O
are	O
implemented	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
prevent	O
''	O
bacterial	O
contamination	O
.	O


On	O
May	B-DATE
19	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
FDA	B-ORG
began	O
detaining	O
Chinese	B-NORP
mushrooms	O
in	O
68	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
ounce	I-QUANTITY
cans	O
after	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
Mississippi	B-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
and	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
became	O
ill	O
from	O
eating	O
tainted	O
mushrooms	O
.	O


In	O
subsequent	O
tests	O
,	O
the	O
agency	O
found	O
smaller	O
-	O
size	O
cans	O
from	O
several	O
Chinese	B-NORP
plants	O
to	O
be	O
similarly	O
contaminated	O
.	O


The	O
outbreaks	O
were	O
traced	O
to	O
staphylococcus	O
aureus	O
,	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
bacteria	O
that	O
produces	O
a	O
toxin	O
capable	O
of	O
surviving	O
the	O
high	O
temperatures	O
used	O
in	O
canning	O
vegetables	O
.	O


A	O
recall	O
of	O
the	O
mushrooms	O
blamed	O
for	O
the	O
food	O
poisoning	O
began	O
in	O
early	B-DATE
March	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
exported	O
65	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
of	O
mushrooms	O
,	O
valued	O
at	O
$	B-MONEY
47	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
shipments	O
went	O
mostly	O
to	O
food	O
-	O
service	O
distributors	O
that	O
supply	O
pizzerias	O
and	O
restaurants	O
.	O


A	O
spokesman	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Embassy	I-ORG
here	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
Beijing	B-GPE
government	O
has	O
taken	O
``	O
many	O
effective	O
measures	O
''	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
mushroom	O
contamination	O
and	O
is	O
further	O
investigating	O
the	O
underlying	O
causes	O
.	O


He	O
predicted	O
the	O
problem	O
will	O
be	O
solved	O
``	O
very	O
soon	O
.	O
''	O


Your	O
Sept.	B-DATE
26	I-DATE
``	O
Politics	B-WORK_OF_ART
&	I-WORK_OF_ART
Policy	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
article	O
about	O
William	B-PERSON
Bennett	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Emergency	O
Drug	O
Plan	O
for	O
Washington	B-GPE
gives	O
the	O
impression	O
that	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
has	O
not	O
been	O
nor	O
is	O
actively	O
involved	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


The	O
FBI	B-ORG
is	O
very	O
supportive	O
of	O
and	O
an	O
active	O
participant	O
in	O
Mr.	O
Bennett	B-PERSON
's	O
initiative	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
agreed	O
at	O
the	O
outset	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Drug	I-ORG
Initiative	I-ORG
that	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
's	O
role	O
would	O
be	O
to	O
continue	O
targeting	O
the	O
major	O
drug	O
traffickers	O
through	O
our	O
National	B-ORG
Drug	I-ORG
Strategy	I-ORG
.	O


Through	O
these	O
investigations	O
we	O
do	O
not	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
street	O
drug	O
user	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
we	O
target	O
and	O
attack	O
major	O
drug	O
-	O
trafficking	O
organizations	O
that	O
control	O
a	O
large	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
drug	O
market	O
.	O


The	O
trial	O
of	O
Raful	B-PERSON
Edmond	I-PERSON
III	I-PERSON
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
serves	O
to	O
highlight	O
our	O
efforts	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
achieved	O
through	O
our	O
excellent	O
working	O
relationship	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Drug	I-ORG
Enforcement	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Metropolitan	I-ORG
Police	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
MPD	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
FBI	B-ORG
's	O
role	O
is	O
to	O
complement	O
the	O
D.C.	B-GPE
initiative	O
through	O
not	O
only	O
these	O
major	O
trafficking	O
investigations	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
by	O
providing	O
a	O
full	O
range	O
of	O
services	O
through	O
various	O
task	O
forces	O
and	O
our	O
contacts	O
with	O
local	O
police	O
squads	O
handling	O
drug	O
-	O
related	O
crimes	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
agents	O
assigned	O
full	O
time	O
to	O
assist	O
the	O
MPD	B-ORG
in	O
drug	O
-	O
related	O
crimes	O
such	O
as	O
homicide	O
and	O
other	O
crimes	O
of	O
violence	O
.	O


Milt	B-PERSON
Ahlerich	I-PERSON
Assistant	O
Director	O
Office	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Federal	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Investigation	I-ORG


Bond	O
prices	O
took	O
the	O
high	O
road	O
and	O
stock	O
prices	O
took	O
the	O
low	O
road	O
as	O
worries	O
mounted	O
about	O
the	O
economy	O
and	O
the	O
junk	O
bond	O
market	O
.	O


The	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
fell	O
26.23	B-CARDINAL
points	O
to	O
2662.91	B-CARDINAL
in	O
sluggish	O
trading	O
.	O


But	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
Treasury	B-ORG
bonds	O
staged	O
a	O
modest	O
rally	O
,	O
with	O
prices	O
on	O
most	O
issues	O
rising	O
about	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
point	O
,	O
or	O
$	O
5	B-MONEY
for	O
each	O
$	O
1,000	B-MONEY
face	O
amount	O
.	O


The	O
dollar	O
sagged	O
against	O
other	O
major	O
currencies	O
in	O
lethargic	O
trading	O
.	O


Traders	O
and	O
analysts	O
said	O
the	O
divergence	O
between	O
the	O
stock	O
and	O
bond	O
markets	O
is	O
a	O
sign	O
of	O
growing	O
unease	O
about	O
the	O
economic	O
outlook	O
.	O


A	O
sinking	O
economy	O
depresses	O
corporate	O
earnings	O
and	O
thus	O
stock	O
prices	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
buoys	O
bond	O
prices	O
as	O
interest	O
rates	O
fall	O
.	O


That	O
unease	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
grow	O
today	B-DATE
when	O
the	O
government	O
reports	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
durable	O
goods	O
orders	O
and	O
again	O
Thursday	B-DATE
when	O
the	O
first	O
assessment	O
of	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
economic	O
growth	O
is	O
released	O
.	O


Analysts	O
say	O
they	O
think	O
durable	O
goods	O
orders	O
fell	O
about	B-PERCENT
1	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
3.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
gain	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
that	O
growth	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
slowed	O
to	O
about	B-PERCENT
2.3	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
2.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
stock	O
market	O
's	O
decline	O
,	O
coming	O
after	O
a	O
record	O
weekly	B-DATE
gain	O
of	O
119.88	B-CARDINAL
points	O
,	O
surprised	O
some	O
investors	O
.	O


But	O
A.C.	B-PERSON
Moore	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
research	O
at	O
Argus	B-ORG
Research	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
rally	O
was	O
a	O
reflex	O
reaction	O
to	O
the	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
stock	O
market	O
rout	O
.	O


Overall	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
the	O
trend	O
in	O
stock	O
prices	O
will	O
be	O
down	O
as	O
the	O
economy	O
weakens	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
think	O
we	O
're	O
on	O
target	O
in	O
looking	O
for	O
renewed	O
economic	O
deterioration	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
Corporate	O
profits	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
decrease	O
faster	O
than	O
interest	O
rates	O
will	O
fall	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
probability	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
'll	O
see	O
negative	O
economic	O
growth	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O
''	O


Hugh	B-PERSON
Johnson	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
investment	O
officer	O
at	O
First	B-ORG
Albany	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
agreed	O
that	O
a	O
deteriorating	O
economy	O
is	O
worrisome	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
said	O
the	O
real	O
concern	O
among	O
stock	O
investors	O
is	O
that	O
some	O
new	O
problem	O
will	O
crop	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
junk	O
bond	O
market	O
.	O


In	O
major	O
market	O
activity	O
:	O
Stock	O
prices	O
slumped	O
in	O
sluggish	O
trading	O
.	O


Volume	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
totaled	O
135.9	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


Declining	O
issues	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
were	O
ahead	O
of	O
gainers	O
,	O
1,012	B-CARDINAL
to	O
501	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Bond	O
prices	O
rallied	O
.	O


The	O
yield	O
on	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
's	O
benchmark	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
bond	O
slipped	O
to	O
7.93	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
dollar	O
weakened	O
against	O
most	O
other	O
major	O
currencies	O
.	O


In	O
late	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
trading	O
,	O
the	O
dollar	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
1.8470	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
and	O
141.90	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
,	O
compared	O
with	O
1.8578	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
and	O
142.43	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
late	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
``	O
American	B-WORK_OF_ART
Way	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Buying	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
Survey	O
consists	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
separate	O
,	O
door	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
door	O
nationwide	O
polls	O
conducted	O
for	O
the	O
Journal	B-ORG
by	O
Peter	B-ORG
D.	I-ORG
Hart	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Associates	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Roper	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
surveys	O
,	O
which	O
asked	O
different	O
questions	O
,	O
were	O
conducted	O
using	O
national	O
random	O
probability	O
samples	O
.	O


The	O
poll	O
conducted	O
by	O
Peter	B-ORG
D.	I-ORG
Hart	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Associates	I-ORG
interviewed	O
2,064	B-CARDINAL
adults	O
age	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
and	O
older	O
from	B-DATE
June	I-DATE
15	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
June	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
poll	O
conducted	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Roper	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
interviewed	O
2,002	B-CARDINAL
adults	O
age	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
and	O
older	O
from	B-DATE
July	I-DATE
7	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
July	I-DATE
15	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
.	O


Responses	O
were	O
weighted	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
age	O
and	O
gender	O
to	O
conform	O
with	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Census	I-ORG
data	O
.	O


For	O
each	O
poll	O
,	O
the	O
odds	O
are	O
19	B-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
20	B-CARDINAL
that	O
if	O
pollsters	O
had	O
sought	O
to	O
survey	O
every	O
household	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
using	O
the	O
same	O
questionnaire	O
,	O
the	O
findings	O
would	O
differ	O
from	O
these	O
poll	O
results	O
by	O
no	B-PERCENT
more	I-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
2	I-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
percentage	I-PERCENT
points	I-PERCENT
in	O
either	O
direction	O
.	O


The	O
margin	O
of	O
error	O
for	O
subgroups	O
--	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
married	O
women	O
with	O
children	O
at	O
home	O
--	O
would	O
be	O
larger	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
in	O
any	O
survey	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
always	O
the	O
chance	O
that	O
other	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
question	O
wording	O
could	O
introduce	O
errors	O
into	O
the	O
findings	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
See	O
related	O
story	O
:	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
American	I-WORK_OF_ART
Way	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Buying	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
Is	I-WORK_OF_ART
Buying	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
Car	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
Choice	I-WORK_OF_ART
or	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
Chore	I-WORK_OF_ART
?	I-WORK_OF_ART
--	O


Ironically	O
,	O
American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
attempt	O
to	O
lead	O
industry	O
prices	O
higher	O
was	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
issue	O
as	O
your	O
survey	O
showing	O
that	O
consumers	O
had	O
the	O
least	O
confidence	O
in	O
the	O
airline	O
industry	O
-LRB-	O
Sept.	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


You	O
quote	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Crandall	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
American	B-ORG
's	O
parent	O
,	O
AMR	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
as	O
having	O
said	O
that	O
discount	O
deals	O
for	O
big	O
customers	O
would	O
be	O
``	O
dumb	O
''	O
because	O
``	O
you	O
will	O
go	O
to	O
Detroit	B-GPE
because	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Detroit	B-GPE
whether	O
the	O
fare	O
is	O
$	O
175	B-MONEY
,	O
$	O
275	B-MONEY
or	O
$	O
375	B-MONEY
.	O
''	O


Even	O
if	O
Mr.	O
Crandall	B-PERSON
is	O
correct	O
,	O
he	O
of	O
all	O
people	O
must	O
realize	O
our	O
society	O
relies	O
on	O
competition	O
to	O
keep	O
prices	O
at	O
a	O
competitive	O
level	O
.	O


In	O
1986	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
settled	O
an	O
antitrust	O
suit	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
taped	O
telephone	O
conversation	O
of	O
him	O
proposing	O
to	O
Braniff	B-ORG
's	O
president	O
that	O
they	O
both	O
raise	O
fares	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


-LRB-	O
Braniff	B-ORG
declined	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
asked	O
American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
for	O
its	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
story	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
my	O
MBA	O
class	O
,	O
where	O
I	O
teach	O
business	O
ethics	O
,	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
respond	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
the	O
ethics	O
of	O
an	O
industry	O
's	O
leader	O
filters	O
down	O
and	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
factors	O
that	O
ultimately	O
shapes	O
consumer	O
trust	O
in	O
that	O
industry	O
.	O


Arnold	B-PERSON
Celnicker	I-PERSON
Assistant	O
Professor	O
Ohio	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
University	I-ORG


Meredith	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
is	O
launching	O
a	O
new	O
service	O
to	O
offer	O
advertisers	O
package	O
deals	O
combining	O
its	O
book	O
,	O
magazine	O
and	O
videocassette	O
products	O
.	O


The	O
Des	B-GPE
Moines	I-GPE
-	O
based	O
publisher	O
said	O
it	O
created	O
a	O
new	O
Custom	B-ORG
Marketing	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
that	O
will	O
offer	O
advertisers	O
special	O
rates	O
for	O
combination	O
packages	O
in	O
its	O
magazines	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Ladies	B-ORG
Home	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
and	O
Better	B-ORG
Homes	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Gardens	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
group	O
will	O
create	O
custom	O
-	O
designed	O
media	O
such	O
as	O
cookbooks	O
,	O
newspaper	O
inserts	O
and	O
videos	O
for	O
ad	O
campaigns	O
.	O


Earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Meredith	B-ORG
sold	O
its	O
first	B-ORDINAL
such	O
package	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	O
Kraft	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
now	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
-	O
based	O
Philip	B-ORG
Morris	I-ORG
Cos	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
Kraft	B-ORG
package	O
included	O
a	O
specially	O
published	O
cookbook	O
,	O
a	O
national	O
free	O
-	O
standing	O
insert	O
in	O
Sunday	B-DATE
newspapers	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
Kraft	B-ORG
``	O
advertorial	O
''	O
section	O
that	O
ran	O
in	O
five	B-CARDINAL
Meredith	B-ORG
magazines	O
.	O


Kraft	B-ORG
recently	O
agreed	O
to	O
spend	O
an	B-MONEY
additional	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
on	O
similar	O
programs	O
through	O
1990	B-DATE
.	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Murphy	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
marketing	O
unit	O
,	O
said	O
Meredith	B-PERSON
is	O
negotiating	O
other	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
packages	O
with	O
leading	O
companies	O
in	O
several	O
product	O
categories	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
would	O
n't	O
disclose	O
their	O
names	O
.	O


Sources	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
ad	O
agencies	O
that	O
work	O
with	O
Meredith	B-ORG
said	O
leading	O
advertisers	O
in	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
,	O
packaged	O
goods	O
and	O
automotive	O
products	O
were	O
among	O
those	O
negotiating	O
ad	O
packages	O
with	O
the	O
Meredith	B-ORG
group	O
.	O


Other	O
magazine	O
publishing	O
companies	O
have	O
been	O
moving	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
direction	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Magazine	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
began	O
offering	O
advertisers	O
extensive	O
merchandising	O
services	O
built	O
around	O
buying	O
ad	O
pages	O
in	O
its	O
Golf	B-ORG
Digest	I-ORG
magazine	O
.	O


Time	B-ORG
Warner	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
recently	O
formed	O
a	O
``	O
synergy	O
department	O
''	O
to	O
seek	O
out	O
ways	O
to	O
offer	O
advertisers	O
packages	O
that	O
could	O
combine	O
Time	B-ORG
's	O
magazines	O
with	O
Warner	B-ORG
products	O
such	O
as	O
videocassettes	O
.	O


Paul	B-PERSON
DuCharme	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
media	O
services	O
at	O
Grey	B-ORG
Advertising	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
Meredith	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
leader	O
in	O
providing	O
multimedia	O
packages	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
may	O
get	O
passed	O
up	O
later	O
when	O
other	O
publishers	O
get	O
their	O
acts	O
together	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
now	O
they	O
are	O
the	O
quickest	O
offering	O
the	O
most	O
extensive	O
plan	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Murphy	B-PERSON
of	O
Meredith	B-ORG
said	O
one	B-CARDINAL
advertiser	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
would	O
n't	O
identify	O
,	O
wants	O
Meredith	B-ORG
to	O
provide	O
ad	O
pages	O
in	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
Meredith	B-ORG
magazines	O
,	O
publish	O
an	O
interior	O
-	O
decorating	O
book	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
distributed	O
at	O
point	O
of	O
purchase	O
,	O
give	O
away	O
a	O
videotape	O
on	O
installation	O
pointers	O
,	O
and	O
possibly	O
use	O
Meredith	B-ORG
's	O
Better	B-ORG
Homes	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Gardens	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
residential	O
real	O
-	O
estate	O
agents	O
to	O
distribute	O
discount	O
-	O
coupon	O
books	O
to	O
new	O
homeowners	O
.	O


``	O
Five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
magazine	O
publishers	O
would	O
simply	O
bid	O
on	O
an	O
advertiser	O
's	O
big	O
ad	O
schedule	O
for	O
their	O
magazine	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Murphy	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
marketplace	O
changed	O
.	O


Advertisers	O
now	O
say	O
`	O
Help	O
us	O
improve	O
our	O
image	O
and	O
extend	O
our	O
selling	O
season	O
.	O
'	O


They	O
are	O
coming	O
to	O
publishers	O
looking	O
for	O
ideas	O
.	O


Your	O
Sept.	B-DATE
21	I-DATE
article	O
``	O
It	O
's	B-WORK_OF_ART
So	I-WORK_OF_ART
Easy	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
Get	I-WORK_OF_ART
Burned	I-WORK_OF_ART
When	I-WORK_OF_ART
Buying	I-WORK_OF_ART
a	I-WORK_OF_ART
Small	I-WORK_OF_ART
Firm	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
was	O
excellent	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
advising	O
small	O
businesses	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
have	O
lived	O
with	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
will	O
go	O
out	O
of	O
business	O
within	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
economic	O
loss	O
,	O
jobs	O
lost	O
,	O
anguish	O
,	O
frustration	O
and	O
humiliation	O
are	O
beyond	O
measure	O
.	O


And	O
most	O
of	O
these	O
are	O
absolutely	O
unnecessary	O
.	O


Your	O
article	O
points	O
out	O
the	O
traps	O
people	O
fall	O
into	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
reviewing	O
those	O
traps	O
one	O
sees	O
just	O
about	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
could	O
have	O
been	O
avoided	O
.	O


An	O
accountant	O
did	O
not	O
review	O
the	O
seller	O
's	O
books	O
before	O
buying	O
a	O
business	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
guess	O
I	O
was	O
naive	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
more	O
descriptive	O
word	O
to	O
describe	O
his	O
lapse	O
of	O
common	O
sense	O
.	O


Corporate	O
managers	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
start	O
their	O
own	O
business	O
are	O
the	O
highest	O
failure	O
risks	O
.	O


They	O
know	O
all	O
the	O
answers	O
and	O
are	O
not	O
used	O
to	O
working	O
more	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
40	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
a	O
week	O
.	O


The	O
blue	O
-	O
collar	O
worker	O
who	O
decides	O
to	O
start	O
a	O
business	O
will	O
listen	O
and	O
take	O
advice	O
.	O


His	O
humility	O
gives	O
him	O
a	O
much	O
better	O
chance	O
of	O
success	O
.	O


A	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
your	O
paper	O
reported	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
study	O
to	O
determine	O
why	O
Asians	B-NORP
who	O
arrive	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
without	O
any	O
money	O
,	O
and	O
unable	O
to	O
speak	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
become	O
overnight	O
successes	O
.	O


Their	O
``	O
secret	O
''	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
gather	O
a	O
small	O
group	O
of	O
advisers	O
around	O
them	O
,	O
listen	O
to	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
prepare	O
a	O
business	O
plan	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
on	O
their	O
way	O
.	O


Successful	O
American	B-NORP
business	O
owners	O
do	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
minority	O
.	O


Avoiding	O
failure	O
is	O
easy	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
unfortunate	O
so	O
many	O
must	O
learn	O
the	O
hard	O
way	O
.	O


Daniel	B-PERSON
B.	I-PERSON
Scully	I-PERSON
Tucson	B-GPE
,	O
Ariz	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
management	O
turnover	O
at	O
Reebok	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
continued	O
with	O
the	O
resignation	O
of	O
company	O
president	O
C.	B-PERSON
Joseph	I-PERSON
LaBonte	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
joined	O
Reebok	B-ORG
just	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
LaBonte	B-PERSON
's	O
departure	O
follows	O
by	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
the	O
resignation	O
of	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Goldston	I-PERSON
as	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
marketing	O
officer	O
after	O
only	B-DATE
11	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
at	O
Reebok	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
resignations	O
by	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
executives	O
,	O
considered	O
hard	O
-	O
charging	O
and	O
abrasive	O
by	O
Reebok	B-ORG
insiders	O
,	O
reflect	O
a	O
difference	O
in	O
style	O
with	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Fireman	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
several	O
former	O
executives	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
executives	O
are	O
among	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
outsiders	O
recruited	O
by	O
Reebok	B-ORG
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
help	O
it	O
make	O
the	O
transition	O
from	O
a	O
small	O
start	O
-	O
up	O
company	O
to	O
a	O
marketing	O
giant	O
with	O
sales	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1.79	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
changes	O
come	O
as	O
Reebok	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
grew	O
rapidly	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
mid-1980s	I-DATE
but	O
has	O
seen	O
its	O
sales	O
flatten	O
of	O
late	O
,	O
is	O
seeking	O
to	O
regain	O
momentum	O
in	O
the	O
athletic	O
-	O
shoe	O
business	O
against	O
rivals	O
Nike	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
L.A.	B-ORG
Gear	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
departures	O
,	O
said	O
Alice	B-PERSON
Ruth	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
analyst	O
at	O
Montgomery	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
in	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
,	O
should	O
enable	O
the	O
company	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
business	O
issues	O
instead	O
of	O
management	O
differences	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
more	O
an	O
issue	O
of	O
style	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
view	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
net	O
positive	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
can	O
go	O
about	O
its	O
business	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
in	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
a	O
turnaround	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
noted	O
.	O


Earnings	O
have	O
rebounded	O
in	O
1989	B-DATE
after	O
a	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
decline	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
former	O
executive	O
agreed	O
that	O
the	O
departures	O
do	O
n't	O
reflect	O
major	O
problems	O
,	O
adding	O
:	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
see	O
any	O
company	O
that	O
grows	O
as	O
fast	O
as	O
Reebok	B-ORG
did	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
people	O
coming	O
and	O
going	O
.	O
''	O


Reebok	B-ORG
said	O
Mr.	O
LaBonte	B-PERSON
will	O
resume	O
the	O
presidency	O
of	O
Vantage	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
California	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
venture	O
capital	O
firm	O
that	O
he	O
founded	O
in	O
1983	B-DATE
.	O


Before	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
of	O
Twentieth	B-ORG
Century	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Fox	I-ORG
Film	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


Reebok	B-ORG
added	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Fireman	B-PERSON
will	O
assume	O
the	O
title	O
of	O
president	O
.	O


A	O
spokesman	O
said	O
that	O
neither	O
Mr.	O
Fireman	B-PERSON
nor	O
Mr.	O
LaBonte	B-PERSON
would	O
be	O
available	O
for	O
comment	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
commenting	O
beyond	O
the	O
news	O
release	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Goldston	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
president	O
of	O
Faberge	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Faberge	B-ORG
U.S.A.	I-ORG
division	O
before	O
joining	O
Reebok	B-ORG
in	O
September	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
,	O
left	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
to	O
pursue	O
other	O
interests	O
.	O


Magazine	O
publishers	O
are	O
facing	O
spiraling	O
costs	O
and	O
a	O
glut	O
of	O
new	O
titles	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
a	O
raft	O
of	O
recent	O
failures	O
is	O
n't	O
stopping	O
them	O
from	O
launching	O
new	O
publications	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Magazine	I-ORG
Conference	I-ORG
here	O
,	O
publishers	O
are	O
plenty	O
worried	O
about	O
the	O
industry	O
's	O
woes	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
are	O
also	O
talking	O
about	O
new	O
magazines	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
Toronto	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
Telemedia	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
will	O
publish	O
Eating	B-ORG
Well	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
new	O
food	O
and	O
health	O
magazine	O
due	O
out	O
next	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
.	O


New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
-	O
based	O
Hearst	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
this	B-DATE
fall	I-DATE
plans	O
to	O
publish	O
its	O
first	B-ORDINAL
issue	O
of	O
9	B-ORG
Months	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
magazine	O
for	O
expectant	O
mothers	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
already	O
launched	O
American	B-ORG
Home	I-ORG
.	O


And	O
Time	B-ORG
Warner	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
is	O
developing	O
a	O
spinoff	O
of	O
Time	B-ORG
magazine	O
aimed	O
at	O
kids	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
heels	O
of	O
its	O
successful	O
Sports	B-ORG
Illustrated	I-ORG
for	O
Kids	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
consumer	O
magazines	O
has	O
increased	O
by	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
80	B-CARDINAL
magazines	O
annually	B-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Kummerfeld	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Magazine	I-ORG
Publishers	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
an	O
impressive	O
show	O
of	O
faith	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
the	O
magazine	O
industry	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Kummerfeld	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
Entrepreneurs	O
do	O
n't	O
rush	O
to	O
get	O
into	O
a	O
stagnant	O
or	O
declining	O
industry	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
despite	O
the	O
recent	O
tough	O
advertising	O
climate	O
,	O
industry	O
figures	O
released	O
at	O
the	O
meeting	O
here	O
indicate	O
things	O
may	O
be	O
turning	O
around	O
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
nine	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
advertising	O
pages	O
in	O
consumer	O
magazines	O
tracked	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Publishers	I-ORG
Information	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
increased	O
4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
to	O
125,849	B-CARDINAL
pages	O
.	O


Total	O
magazine	O
ad	O
revenue	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
increased	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
$	B-MONEY
4.6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Though	O
for	O
some	O
magazines	O
categories	O
a	O
tough	O
advertising	O
climate	O
persists	O
,	O
the	O
industry	O
in	O
general	O
is	O
doing	O
well	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
newspaper	O
industry	O
.	O


Though	O
some	O
magazines	O
are	O
thriving	O
,	O
the	O
magazine	O
publishing	O
industry	O
remains	O
a	O
risky	O
business	O
.	O


Within	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
nine	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
News	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
closed	O
down	O
In	B-ORG
Fashion	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
once	O
-	O
promising	O
young	O
woman	O
's	O
fashion	O
magazine	O
,	O
Drake	B-ORG
Publications	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
has	O
folded	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
troubled	O
Venture	B-ORG
magazine	O
,	O
and	O
Lang	B-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
has	O
announced	O
Ms.	B-ORG
magazine	O
,	O
after	O
17	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
carry	O
advertising	O
as	O
of	O
January	B-DATE
.	O


Lang	B-ORG
is	O
cutting	O
costs	O
and	O
will	O
attempt	O
to	O
operate	O
the	O
magazine	O
with	O
only	O
subscription	O
revenue	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
American	B-ORG
Health	I-ORG
Partners	I-ORG
,	O
publisher	O
of	O
American	B-ORG
Health	I-ORG
magazine	O
,	O
is	O
deep	O
in	O
debt	O
,	O
and	O
Owen	B-PERSON
Lipstein	I-PERSON
,	O
founder	O
and	O
managing	O
partner	O
,	O
is	O
being	O
forced	O
to	O
sell	O
the	O
magazine	O
to	O
Reader	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Digest	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Lipstein	B-PERSON
's	O
absence	O
from	O
the	O
meeting	O
here	O
raised	O
speculation	O
that	O
the	O
sale	O
is	O
in	O
trouble	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lipstein	B-PERSON
said	O
in	O
a	O
telephone	O
interview	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
that	O
the	O
sale	O
was	O
proceeding	O
as	O
planned	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
magazine	O
is	O
strong	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
simply	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
we	O
are	O
doing	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Lipstein	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


``	O
Magazines	O
can	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
considered	O
institutions	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
James	B-PERSON
Autry	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Meredith	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
magazine	O
group	O
.	O


``	O
Publishers	O
will	O
find	O
that	O
some	O
magazines	O
have	O
served	O
their	O
purpose	O
and	O
should	O
die	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
added	O
.	O


``	O
Magazines	O
could	O
,	O
like	O
other	O
brands	O
,	O
find	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
only	O
a	O
limited	O
life	O
.	O
''	O


There	O
are	O
also	O
indications	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
magazine	O
entrepreneurs	O
,	O
traditionally	O
depended	O
upon	O
to	O
break	O
new	O
ground	O
with	O
potentially	O
risky	O
start	O
-	O
ups	O
,	O
are	O
dwindling	O
.	O


More	O
than	O
ever	O
,	O
independent	O
magazines	O
and	O
small	O
publishing	O
groups	O
are	O
being	O
gobbled	O
up	O
by	O
larger	O
publishing	O
groups	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Conde	B-ORG
Nast	I-ORG
Publications	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
Advance	B-ORG
Publications	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
are	O
consolidating	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
gain	O
leverage	O
with	O
advertisers	O
.	O


Some	O
entrepreneurs	O
are	O
still	O
active	O
,	O
though	O
.	O


Gerry	B-PERSON
Ritterman	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
-	O
based	O
Network	B-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
sold	O
his	O
Soap	B-ORG
Opera	I-ORG
Digest	I-ORG
magazine	O
to	O
Rupert	B-PERSON
Murdoch	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
News	B-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Ritterman	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
he	O
will	O
take	O
$	B-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
from	O
the	O
Soap	B-ORG
Opera	I-ORG
Digest	I-ORG
sale	O
to	O
acquire	O
new	O
magazines	O
.	O


He	O
would	O
not	O
reveal	O
which	O
magazines	O
he	O
is	O
considering	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
magazines	O
I	O
am	O
looking	O
for	O
are	O
underdeveloped	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Ritterman	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
They	O
could	O
be	O
old	O
or	O
new	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
magazines	O
whose	O
editorial	O
quality	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
improved	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
next	O
hot	O
magazines	O
.	O


MCA	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
its	O
toy	O
-	O
making	O
unit	O
agreed	O
to	O
buy	O
Buddy	B-ORG
L	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
producer	O
of	O
a	O
line	O
of	O
toy	O
vehicles	O
and	O
preschool	O
products	O
.	O


The	O
price	O
was	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
,	O
but	O
an	O
executive	O
of	O
LJN	B-ORG
Toys	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
MCA	B-ORG
unit	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
closely	O
held	O
Buddy	B-ORG
L	I-ORG
had	O
annual	B-DATE
sales	O
in	O
excess	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
40	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Buddy	B-ORG
L	I-ORG
concern	O
,	O
based	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
designs	O
and	O
develops	O
toys	O
under	O
the	O
names	O
``	O
Buddy	B-PRODUCT
L	I-PRODUCT
''	O
and	O
``	O
My	B-PRODUCT
First	I-PRODUCT
Buddy	I-PRODUCT
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


MCA	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
expects	O
the	O
proposed	O
transaction	O
to	O
be	O
completed	O
``	O
no	B-DATE
later	I-DATE
than	I-DATE
Nov.	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
During	O
its	B-DATE
centennial	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
will	O
report	O
events	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
that	O
stand	O
as	O
milestones	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
business	O
history	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


FRANKLIN	B-ORG
NATIONAL	I-ORG
BANK	I-ORG
DIED	O
at	O
3	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
EDT	I-TIME
,	O
Oct.	B-DATE
8	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1974	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
was	O
promptly	O
resurrected	O
under	O
new	O
owners	O
to	O
shore	O
up	O
confidence	O
in	O
other	O
banks	O
during	O
a	O
recession	O
.	O


Arthur	B-PERSON
Burns	I-PERSON
,	O
Federal	B-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
chairman	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
``	O
luck	O
''	O
in	O
keeping	O
the	O
bank	O
open	O
--	O
despite	O
being	O
the	O
then	O
-	O
biggest	O
U.S.	B-GPE
bank	O
failure	O
--	O
prevented	O
``	O
shock	O
waves	O
around	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
''	O


Federal	O
officials	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
probing	O
the	O
bank	O
for	O
months	B-DATE
arranged	O
a	O
merger	O
with	O
European	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
American	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
,	O
owned	O
by	O
six	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
banks	O
,	O
to	O
avert	O
the	O
closedown	O
.	O


And	O
federal	O
insurance	O
protected	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
631,163	B-CARDINAL
depositors	O
.	O


The	O
crisis	O
had	O
peaked	O
on	O
May	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1974	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
bank	O
disclosed	O
``	O
severe	O
''	O
foreign	O
-	O
exchange	O
losses	O
due	O
to	O
``	O
unauthorized	O
''	O
trading	O
.	O


Massive	O
withdrawals	O
followed	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
brief	O
rescue	O
attempt	O
,	O
with	O
political	O
undertones	O
,	O
including	O
$	B-MONEY
1.77	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
Federal	B-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
loans	O
.	O


Within	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
many	O
figures	O
were	O
convicted	O
for	O
their	O
illegal	O
abuse	O
of	O
Franklin	B-ORG
funds	O
.	O


In	O
June	B-DATE
1980	I-DATE
,	O
Michele	B-PERSON
Sindona	I-PERSON
--	O
an	O
Italian	B-NORP
financier	O
who	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
1972	I-DATE
had	O
bought	O
a	O
22	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
block	O
of	O
Franklin	B-ORG
's	O
stock	O
from	O
Loews	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
headed	O
by	O
Laurence	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Tisch	I-PERSON
--	O
was	O
sentenced	O
to	O
25	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
prison	O
after	O
being	O
convicted	O
of	O
fraud	O
and	O
perjury	O
.	O


Included	O
was	O
the	O
charge	O
that	O
Sindona	B-PERSON
siphoned	O
$	B-MONEY
45	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
Franklin	B-ORG
funds	O
for	O
his	O
other	O
ventures	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Sindona	B-PERSON
in	O
1979	B-DATE
faked	O
his	O
``	O
kidnapping	O
''	O
for	O
2	B-DATE
1/2	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
to	O
delay	O
his	O
trial	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


During	O
1976	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
1979	I-DATE
,	O
other	O
former	O
Franklin	B-ORG
officials	O
either	O
pleaded	O
guilty	O
to	O
or	O
were	O
found	O
guilty	O
of	O
violations	O
including	O
phony	O
transactions	O
to	O
hide	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
losses	O
.	O


Sindona	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
onetime	O
Vatican	B-GPE
financial	O
adviser	O
with	O
reported	O
links	O
to	O
the	O
Mafia	B-ORG
,	O
died	O
on	O
March	B-DATE
22	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1986	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
age	B-DATE
65	I-DATE
,	O
reportedly	O
after	O
drinking	O
cyanide	O
-	O
laced	O
coffee	O
in	O
an	O
Italian	B-NORP
prison	O
.	O


It	O
happened	O
four	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
he	O
was	O
sentenced	O
to	O
life	O
in	O
prison	O
for	O
ordering	O
a	O
1979	B-DATE
murder	O
.	O


Italian	B-NORP
magistrates	O
labeled	O
his	O
death	O
a	O
suicide	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
nondescript	O
office	O
building	O
south	O
of	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
,	O
human	O
behavior	O
is	O
being	O
monitored	O
,	O
dissected	O
and	O
,	O
ultimately	O
,	O
manipulated	O
.	O


A	O
squiggly	O
line	O
snakes	O
across	O
a	O
video	O
screen	O
,	O
gyrating	O
erratically	O
as	O
subjects	O
with	O
hand	O
-	O
held	O
computers	O
register	O
their	O
second	O
-	O
by	O
-	O
second	B-TIME
reactions	O
to	O
a	O
speaker	O
's	O
remarks	O
.	O


Agreement	O
,	O
disapproval	O
,	O
boredom	O
and	O
distraction	O
all	O
can	O
be	O
inferred	O
from	O
the	O
subjects	O
'	O
twist	O
of	O
a	O
dial	O
.	O


In	O
another	O
experiment	O
,	O
an	O
elaborate	O
chart	O
with	O
color	O
codes	O
reveals	O
how	O
people	O
's	O
opinions	O
were	O
shaped	O
--	O
and	O
how	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
reshaped	O
.	O


Donald	B-PERSON
Vinson	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
oversees	O
the	O
experiments	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
some	O
white	O
-	O
coated	O
researcher	O
.	O


He	O
heads	O
Litigation	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
largest	O
legal	O
consulting	O
firm	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
helping	O
corporate	O
America	B-GPE
prepare	O
for	O
high	O
-	O
stakes	O
litigation	O
by	O
predicting	O
and	O
shaping	O
jurors	O
'	O
reactions	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
process	O
,	O
Litigation	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
is	O
quietly	O
but	O
inexorably	O
reshaping	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
law	O
.	O


Little	O
known	O
outside	O
the	O
legal	O
world	O
but	O
a	O
powerhouse	O
within	O
,	O
Litigation	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Saatchi	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
,	O
employs	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
psychologists	O
,	O
sociologists	O
,	O
marketers	O
,	O
graphic	O
artists	O
and	O
technicians	O
.	O


Twenty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
workers	O
are	O
Ph.	O
D.s	O
.	O


Among	O
other	O
services	O
,	O
the	O
firm	O
provides	O
pre-trial	O
opinion	O
polls	O
,	O
creates	O
profiles	O
of	O
``	O
ideal	O
''	O
jurors	O
,	O
sets	O
up	O
mock	O
trials	O
and	O
``	O
shadow	O
''	O
juries	O
,	O
coaches	O
lawyers	O
and	O
witnesses	O
,	O
and	O
designs	O
courtroom	O
graphics	O
.	O


Much	O
like	O
their	O
cohorts	O
in	O
political	O
consulting	O
and	O
product	O
marketing	O
,	O
the	O
litigation	O
advisers	O
encourage	O
their	O
clients	O
to	O
play	O
down	O
complex	O
or	O
ambiguous	O
matters	O
,	O
simplify	O
their	O
messages	O
and	O
provide	O
their	O
target	O
audiences	O
with	O
a	O
psychological	O
craving	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
desired	O
choice	O
.	O


With	O
jury	O
verdicts	O
getting	O
bigger	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
companies	O
are	O
increasingly	O
willing	O
to	O
pay	O
huge	O
sums	O
for	O
such	O
advice	O
.	O


Recently	O
,	O
Litigation	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
helped	O
Pennzoil	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
win	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
10.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
jury	O
verdict	O
against	O
Texaco	B-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
advised	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Football	I-ORG
League	I-ORG
in	O
its	O
largely	O
successful	O
defense	O
of	O
antitrust	O
charges	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
States	I-ORG
Football	I-ORG
League	I-ORG
.	O


And	O
it	O
helped	O
win	O
defense	O
verdicts	O
in	O
product	O
-	O
liability	O
suits	O
involving	O
scores	O
of	O
products	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
Firestone	B-ORG
500	B-PRODUCT
tires	O
to	O
the	O
anti-nausea	O
drug	O
Bendectin	B-PRODUCT
.	O


Largely	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
Litigation	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
has	O
more	O
than	O
doubled	O
in	O
size	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Its	O
1988	B-DATE
revenue	O
was	O
$	B-MONEY
25	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
competitors	O
are	O
being	O
spawned	O
almost	B-DATE
daily	I-DATE
;	O
some	B-CARDINAL
300	I-CARDINAL
new	O
businesses	O
--	O
many	O
just	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
person	O
shops	O
--	O
have	O
sprung	O
up	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Vinson	B-PERSON
estimates	O
the	O
industry	O
's	O
total	O
revenues	O
approach	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


In	O
any	O
high	O
-	O
stakes	O
case	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
sure	O
that	O
one	B-CARDINAL
side	O
or	O
the	O
other	O
--	O
or	O
even	O
both	O
--	O
is	O
using	O
litigation	O
consultants	O
.	O


Despite	O
their	O
ubiquity	O
,	O
the	O
consultants	O
are	O
n't	O
entirely	O
welcome	O
.	O


Some	O
lawyers	O
and	O
scholars	O
see	O
the	O
social	O
scientists	O
'	O
vision	O
of	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
jury	O
system	O
as	O
a	O
far	O
cry	O
from	O
the	O
ideal	O
presented	O
in	O
civics	O
texts	O
and	O
memorialized	O
on	O
the	O
movie	O
screen	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
film	O
classic	O
``	O
Twelve	B-WORK_OF_ART
Angry	I-WORK_OF_ART
Men	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
the	O
crucible	O
of	O
deliberations	O
unmasks	O
each	O
juror	O
's	O
bias	O
and	O
purges	O
it	O
from	O
playing	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
verdict	O
.	O


After	O
hours	B-TIME
of	O
conflict	O
and	O
debate	O
,	O
that	O
jury	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
facts	O
with	O
near	O
-	O
perfect	O
objectivity	O
.	O


In	O
real	O
life	O
,	O
jurors	O
may	O
not	O
always	O
work	O
that	O
way	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
court	O
observers	O
question	O
why	O
they	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
encouraged	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
rather	O
than	O
be	O
programmed	O
not	O
to	O
.	O


Litigation	O
consulting	O
is	O
,	O
as	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
trial	O
attorney	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Zoeller	I-PERSON
puts	O
it	O
,	O
``	O
highly	O
manipulative	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
adds	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
notion	O
they	O
try	O
to	O
sell	O
is	O
that	O
juries	O
do	O
n't	O
make	O
decisions	O
rationally	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
effort	O
is	O
also	O
being	O
made	O
to	O
try	O
and	O
cause	O
jurors	O
not	O
to	O
decide	O
things	O
rationally	O
.	O


I	O
find	O
it	O
troubling	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Zoeller	B-PERSON
also	O
acknowledges	O
that	O
consultants	O
can	O
be	O
very	O
effective	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
gotten	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
where	O
if	O
the	O
case	O
is	O
large	O
enough	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
almost	O
malpractice	O
not	O
to	O
use	O
them	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Others	O
complain	O
that	O
the	O
consultants	O
'	O
growing	O
influence	O
exacerbates	O
the	O
advantage	O
of	O
litigants	O
wealthy	O
enough	O
to	O
afford	O
such	O
pricey	O
services	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
affluent	O
people	O
and	O
the	O
corporations	O
can	O
buy	O
it	O
,	O
the	O
poor	O
radicals	O
-LCB-	O
in	O
political	O
cases	O
-RCB-	O
get	O
it	O
free	O
,	O
and	O
everybody	O
in	O
between	O
is	O
at	O
a	O
disadvantage	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
system	O
we	O
want	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Amitai	B-PERSON
Etzioni	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
prominent	O
sociologist	O
who	O
teaches	O
at	O
George	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


Sophisticated	O
trial	O
consulting	O
grew	O
,	O
ironically	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
radical	O
political	O
movements	O
of	O
the	O
1960s	B-DATE
and	O
1970s	B-DATE
before	O
finding	O
its	O
more	O
lucrative	O
calling	O
in	O
big	O
commercial	O
cases	O
.	O


The	B-EVENT
Harrisburg	I-EVENT
7	I-EVENT
trial	I-EVENT
in	O
1972	B-DATE
,	O
in	O
which	O
Daniel	B-PERSON
Berrigan	I-PERSON
and	O
others	O
were	O
charged	O
with	O
plotting	O
anti-war	O
-	O
related	O
violence	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
landmark	O
.	O


In	O
that	O
case	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
left	O
-	O
leaning	O
sociologists	O
interviewed	O
252	B-CARDINAL
registered	O
voters	O
around	O
Harrisburg	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
researchers	O
discovered	O
that	O
Episcopalians	B-NORP
,	O
Presbyterians	B-NORP
,	O
Methodists	B-NORP
and	O
fundamantalist	O
Protestants	B-NORP
were	O
nearly	O
always	O
against	O
the	O
defendants	O
;	O
the	O
lawyers	O
resolved	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
keep	O
them	O
off	O
the	O
jury	O
.	O


The	O
defense	O
also	O
learned	O
that	O
college	O
-	O
educated	O
people	O
were	O
uncharacteristically	O
conservative	O
about	O
the	B-EVENT
Vietnam	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
.	O


A	O
more	O
blue	O
-	O
collar	O
panel	O
became	O
a	O
second	O
aim	O
.	O


Ultimately	O
,	O
that	O
carefully	O
picked	O
jury	O
deadlocked	O
with	O
a	O
10	B-CARDINAL
-	O
2	O
vote	O
to	O
acquit	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
prosecution	O
decided	O
not	O
to	O
retry	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


Litigation	O
consulting	O
had	O
arrived	O
.	O


The	O
fledgling	O
science	O
went	O
corporate	O
in	O
1977	B-DATE
when	O
International	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Machines	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
hired	O
a	O
marketing	O
professor	O
to	O
help	O
defend	O
a	O
complex	O
antitrust	O
case	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
for	O
IBM	B-ORG
trial	O
lawyers	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
Barr	I-PERSON
and	O
David	B-PERSON
Boies	I-PERSON
was	O
how	O
to	O
make	O
such	O
a	O
highly	O
technical	O
case	O
understandable	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
trial	O
progressed	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
eager	O
to	O
know	O
if	O
the	O
jury	O
was	O
keeping	O
up	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
solution	O
devised	O
by	O
the	O
professor	O
was	O
to	O
hire	O
six	B-CARDINAL
people	O
who	O
would	O
mirror	O
the	O
actual	O
jury	O
demographically	O
,	O
sit	O
in	O
on	O
the	O
trial	O
and	O
report	O
their	O
reactions	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
then	O
briefed	O
Messrs.	O
Boies	B-PERSON
and	O
Barr	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
had	O
the	O
chance	O
to	O
tilt	O
their	O
next	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
's	O
presentation	O
accordingly	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
the	O
``	O
shadow	O
''	O
jury	O
was	O
born	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Vinson	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
professor	O
,	O
got	O
the	O
law	O
bug	O
and	O
formed	O
Litigation	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
.	O


-LRB-	O
IBM	B-ORG
won	O
the	O
case	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


``	O
The	O
hardest	O
thing	O
in	O
any	O
complex	O
case	O
is	O
to	O
retain	O
objectivity	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
sense	O
,	O
your	O
ignorance	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Boies	B-PERSON
of	O
Cravath	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Swaine	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Moore	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
What	O
you	O
look	O
for	O
in	O
a	O
shadow	O
jury	O
is	O
very	O
much	O
what	O
you	O
do	O
when	O
you	O
give	O
an	O
opening	O
argument	O
to	O
your	O
wife	O
or	O
a	O
friend	O
and	O
get	O
some	O
response	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


A	O
shadow	O
jury	O
is	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
in	O
a	O
more	O
systematic	O
and	O
organized	O
way	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
approach	O
worked	O
well	O
in	O
the	O
recent	O
antitrust	O
case	O
in	O
which	O
Energy	B-ORG
Transportation	I-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
sued	O
Santa	B-ORG
Fe	I-ORG
Pacific	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
over	O
the	O
transport	O
of	O
semi-liquefied	O
coal	O
--	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
case	O
likely	O
to	O
make	O
almost	O
anyone	O
's	O
eyes	O
glaze	O
over	O
.	O


Energy	B-ORG
Transportation	I-ORG
retained	I-ORG
Litigation	I-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
,	O
at	O
a	O
cost	O
of	O
several	B-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
thousand	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
to	O
poll	O
,	O
pre-try	O
,	O
profile	O
and	O
shadow	O
.	O


Just	O
before	O
the	O
actual	O
closing	O
arguments	O
,	O
the	O
firm	O
put	O
the	O
case	O
to	O
a	O
vote	O
of	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
shadow	O
jurors	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
whom	O
was	O
being	O
paid	O
$	O
150	B-MONEY
a	O
day	O
.	O


The	O
jurors	O
,	O
who	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
which	O
side	O
had	O
retained	O
them	O
,	O
decided	O
for	O
Energy	B-ORG
Transportation	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
awarded	O
$	B-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
damages	O
.	O


The	O
real	O
jury	O
returned	O
days	B-DATE
later	I-DATE
with	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
345	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
victory	O
for	O
Energy	B-ORG
Transportation	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
just	O
like	O
weather	O
forecasting	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Energy	B-ORG
Transportation	I-ORG
trial	O
attorney	O
Harry	B-PERSON
Reasoner	I-PERSON
of	O
Vinson	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Elkins	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
often	O
wrong	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
better	O
than	O
consulting	O
an	O
Indian	B-NORP
rain	O
dancer	O
.	O
''	O


Forecasting	O
is	O
only	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
part	O
of	O
Litigation	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
work	O
.	O


Changing	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
the	O
trial	O
is	O
what	O
really	O
matters	O
.	O


And	O
to	O
the	O
uninitiated	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
firm	O
's	O
approaches	O
may	O
seem	O
chillingly	O
manipulative	O
.	O


Theoretically	O
,	O
jurors	O
are	O
supposed	O
to	O
weigh	O
the	O
evidence	O
in	O
a	O
case	O
logically	O
and	O
objectively	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Vinson	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
interviews	O
with	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
jurors	O
reveal	O
that	O
they	O
start	O
with	O
firmly	O
entrenched	O
attitudes	O
and	O
try	O
to	O
shoe	O
-	O
horn	O
the	O
facts	O
of	O
the	O
case	O
to	O
fit	O
their	O
views	O
.	O


Pre-trial	O
polling	O
helps	O
the	O
consultants	O
develop	O
a	O
profile	O
of	O
the	O
right	O
type	O
of	O
juror	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
case	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
client	O
seeks	O
punitive	O
damages	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
depressed	O
,	O
underemployed	O
people	O
are	O
far	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
grant	O
them	O
.	O


Someone	O
with	O
a	O
master	O
's	O
degree	O
in	O
classical	O
arts	O
who	O
works	O
in	O
a	O
deli	O
would	O
be	O
ideal	O
,	O
Litigation	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
advises	O
.	O


So	O
would	O
someone	O
recently	O
divorced	O
or	O
widowed	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Since	O
Litigation	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
generally	O
represents	O
the	O
defense	O
,	O
its	O
job	O
is	O
usually	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
lawyers	O
identify	O
and	O
remove	O
such	O
people	O
from	O
the	O
jury	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


For	O
personal	O
-	O
injury	O
cases	O
,	O
Litigation	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
seeks	O
defense	O
jurors	O
who	O
believe	O
that	O
most	O
people	O
,	O
including	O
victims	O
,	O
get	O
what	O
they	O
deserve	O
.	O


Such	O
people	O
also	O
typically	O
hold	O
negative	O
attitudes	O
toward	O
the	O
physically	O
handicapped	O
,	O
the	O
poor	O
,	O
blacks	O
and	O
women	O
.	O


The	O
consultants	O
help	O
the	O
defense	O
lawyers	O
find	O
such	O
jurors	O
by	O
asking	O
questions	O
about	O
potential	O
jurors	O
'	O
attitudes	O
toward	O
volunteer	O
work	O
,	O
or	O
toward	O
particular	O
movies	O
or	O
books	O
.	O


Litigation	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
does	O
n't	O
make	O
moral	O
distinctions	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
client	O
needs	O
prejudiced	O
jurors	O
,	O
the	O
firm	O
will	O
help	O
find	O
them	O
.	O


As	O
Mr.	O
Vinson	B-PERSON
explains	O
it	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
do	O
n't	O
control	O
the	O
facts	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
.	O


But	O
any	O
lawyer	O
will	O
select	O
the	O
facts	O
and	O
the	O
strategy	O
to	O
employ	O
.	O


In	O
our	O
system	O
of	O
advocacy	O
,	O
the	O
trial	O
lawyer	O
is	O
duty	O
bound	O
to	O
present	O
the	O
best	O
case	O
he	O
possibly	O
can	O
.	O
''	O


Once	O
a	O
jury	O
is	O
selected	O
,	O
the	O
consultants	O
often	O
continue	O
to	O
determine	O
what	O
the	O
jurors	O
'	O
attitudes	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
and	O
help	O
shape	O
the	O
lawyers	O
'	O
presentation	O
accordingly	O
.	O


Logic	O
plays	O
a	O
minimal	O
role	O
here	O
.	O


More	O
important	O
are	O
what	O
LSI	B-ORG
calls	O
``	O
psychological	O
anchors	O
''	O
--	O
a	O
few	O
focal	O
points	O
calculated	O
to	O
appeal	O
to	O
the	O
jury	O
on	O
a	O
gut	O
level	O
.	O


In	O
one	B-CARDINAL
personal	O
-	O
injury	O
case	O
,	O
a	O
woman	O
claimed	O
she	O
had	O
been	O
injured	O
when	O
she	O
slipped	O
in	O
a	O
pool	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
fall	O
did	O
n't	O
explain	O
why	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
her	O
arms	O
was	O
discolored	O
bluish	O
.	O


By	O
repeatedly	O
drawing	O
the	O
jury	O
's	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
arm	O
,	O
the	O
defense	O
lawyers	O
planted	O
doubt	O
about	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
the	O
woman	O
's	O
injuries	O
.	O


The	O
ploy	O
worked	O
.	O


The	O
defense	O
won	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
classic	O
defense	O
of	O
a	O
personal	O
-	O
injury	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
consultants	O
concentrate	O
on	O
encouraging	O
the	O
jury	O
to	O
shift	O
the	O
blame	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
ideal	O
defense	O
in	O
a	O
case	O
involving	O
an	O
accident	O
is	O
to	O
persuade	O
the	O
jurors	O
to	O
hold	O
the	O
accident	O
victim	O
responsible	O
for	O
his	O
or	O
her	O
plight	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Vinson	B-PERSON
has	O
written	O
.	O


Slick	O
graphics	O
,	O
pre-tested	O
for	O
effectiveness	O
,	O
also	O
play	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
Litigation	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
operation	O
.	O


Studies	O
show	O
,	O
the	O
consultants	O
say	O
,	O
that	O
people	O
absorb	O
information	O
better	O
and	O
remember	O
it	O
longer	O
if	O
they	O
receive	O
it	O
visually	O
.	O


Computer	O
-	O
generated	O
videos	O
help	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
average	O
American	B-NORP
watches	O
seven	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
TV	O
a	O
day	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
very	O
visually	O
sophisticated	O
,	O
''	O
explains	O
LSI	B-ORG
graphics	O
specialist	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Seltzer	I-PERSON
.	O


Lawyers	O
remain	O
divided	O
about	O
whether	O
anything	O
is	O
wrong	O
with	O
all	O
this	O
.	O


Supporters	O
acknowledge	O
that	O
the	O
process	O
aims	O
to	O
manipulate	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
insist	O
that	O
the	O
best	O
trial	O
lawyers	O
have	O
always	O
employed	O
similar	O
tactics	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
may	O
not	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
articulate	O
it	O
all	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
did	O
it	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Stephen	B-PERSON
Gillers	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
legal	O
ethics	O
expert	O
at	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
law	O
school	O
.	O


``	O
What	O
you	O
have	O
here	O
is	O
intuition	O
made	O
manifest	O
.	O
''	O


Many	O
lawyers	O
maintain	O
that	O
all	O
's	O
fair	O
in	O
the	O
adversary	O
system	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
no	O
one	O
tampers	O
with	O
the	O
evidence	O
.	O


Others	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
lawyers	O
in	O
small	O
communities	O
have	O
always	O
had	O
a	O
feel	O
for	O
public	O
sentiment	O
--	O
and	O
used	O
that	O
to	O
advantage	O
.	O


Litigation	O
consulting	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
guarantee	O
of	O
a	O
favorable	O
outcome	O
.	O


Litigation	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
concedes	O
that	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
in	O
20	B-CARDINAL
cases	O
it	O
was	O
flatout	O
wrong	O
in	O
its	O
predictions	O
.	O


A	O
few	O
attorneys	O
offer	O
horror	O
stories	O
of	O
jobs	O
botched	O
by	O
consultants	O
or	O
of	O
overpriced	O
services	O
--	O
as	O
when	O
one	O
lawyer	O
paid	O
a	O
consultant	O
-LRB-	O
not	O
at	O
Litigation	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
$	O
70,000	B-MONEY
to	O
interview	O
a	O
jury	O
after	O
a	O
big	O
trial	O
and	O
later	O
read	O
more	O
informative	O
interviews	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
jurors	O
in	O
The	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Lawyer	I-ORG
magazine	O
.	O


Some	O
litigators	O
scoff	O
at	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
a	O
sociologist	O
knows	O
more	O
than	O
they	O
do	O
about	O
what	O
makes	O
a	O
jury	O
tick	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
essence	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
trial	O
lawyer	O
is	O
understanding	O
how	O
people	O
of	O
diverse	O
backgrounds	O
react	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
your	O
presentation	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Barry	B-PERSON
Ostrager	I-PERSON
of	O
Simpson	B-ORG
Thacher	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Bartlett	I-ORG
,	O
who	O
recently	O
won	O
a	O
huge	O
case	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
insurers	O
against	O
Shell	B-ORG
Oil	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
says	O
he	O
used	O
consultants	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
but	O
``	O
found	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
virtually	O
useless	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
most	O
lawyers	O
accept	O
that	O
the	O
marketplace	O
has	O
spoken	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
question	O
remains	O
whether	O
the	O
jury	O
system	O
can	O
maintain	O
its	O
integrity	O
while	O
undergoing	O
such	O
a	O
skillful	O
massage	O
.	O


For	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Etzioni	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
sociologist	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
leading	O
critic	O
of	O
the	O
masseurs	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
's	O
no	O
reason	O
to	O
believe	O
that	O
juries	O
rule	O
inappropriately	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
last	O
thing	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
manipulate	O
the	O
subconscious	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
think	O
better	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
then	O
do	O
is	O
you	O
make	O
them	O
think	O
inappropriately	O
.	O
''	O


To	O
hamper	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
litigation	O
scientists	O
,	O
he	O
suggests	O
that	O
courts	O
sharply	O
limit	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
jurors	O
that	O
lawyers	O
can	O
remove	O
from	O
the	O
jury	O
panel	O
through	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
peremptory	O
challenges	O
--	O
exclusions	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
require	O
explanations	O
.	O


In	O
most	O
civil	O
cases	O
,	O
judges	O
allow	O
each	O
side	O
three	B-CARDINAL
such	O
challenges	O
.	O


For	O
complex	O
cases	O
,	O
judges	O
sometimes	O
allow	O
many	O
more	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Etzioni	B-PERSON
also	O
suggests	O
forbidding	O
anyone	O
from	O
gathering	O
background	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
jurors	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Some	O
courts	O
release	O
names	O
and	O
addresses	O
,	O
and	O
researchers	O
can	O
drive	O
by	O
houses	O
,	O
look	O
up	O
credit	O
ratings	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
question	O
neighbors	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Furthermore	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
psychologists	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
analyze	O
jurors	O
'	O
personalities	O
.	O


Even	O
some	O
lawyers	O
who	O
have	O
used	O
consultants	O
to	O
their	O
advantage	O
see	O
a	O
need	O
to	O
limit	O
their	O
impact	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Boies	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
lawyer	O
to	O
use	O
Mr.	O
Vinson	B-PERSON
's	O
services	O
,	O
cautions	O
against	O
courts	O
'	O
allowing	O
extensive	O
jury	O
questioning	O
-LRB-	O
known	O
as	O
voir	O
dire	O
-RRB-	O
or	O
giving	O
out	O
personal	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
jurors	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
more	O
extensive	O
the	O
voir	O
dire	O
,	O
the	O
easier	O
you	O
make	O
it	O
for	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
research	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
courts	O
should	O
lend	O
themselves	O
to	O
that	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Boies	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Silicon	B-ORG
Graphics	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
fast	O
-	O
growing	O
maker	O
of	O
computer	O
workstations	O
,	O
said	O
it	O
landed	O
two	B-CARDINAL
federal	O
government	O
contracts	O
worth	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
award	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
Department	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
contract	O
to	O
Loral	B-ORG
Rolm	I-ORG
Mil	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Spec	I-ORG
Computers	I-ORG
and	O
could	O
be	O
valued	O
at	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
over	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
other	O
involves	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
about	B-CARDINAL
35	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
high	O
-	O
end	O
workstations	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Institutes	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
models	O
,	O
which	O
cost	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
75,000	I-MONEY
each	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
research	O
.	O


The	O
awards	O
are	O
evidence	O
that	O
Silicon	B-ORG
Graphics	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
approach	O
to	O
computer	O
graphics	O
is	O
catching	O
on	O
with	O
users	O
of	O
powerful	O
desktop	O
computers	O
,	O
analysts	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
company	O
's	O
on	O
a	O
roll	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Herwick	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
analyst	O
at	O
Hambrecht	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Quist	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
No	O
other	O
-LCB-	O
computer	O
-RCB-	O
vendor	O
offers	O
graphics	O
performance	O
that	O
good	O
for	O
their	O
price	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
the	O
battle	O
to	O
supply	O
desktop	O
computers	O
for	O
researchers	O
and	O
design	O
engineers	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
attention	O
is	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
biggest	O
competitors	O
:	O
Sun	B-ORG
Microsystems	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
Digital	B-ORG
Equipment	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
make	O
computers	O
mainly	O
aimed	O
at	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
engineering	O
and	O
scientific	O
needs	O
.	O


Silicon	B-ORG
Graphics	I-ORG
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
has	O
targeted	O
a	O
specific	O
niche	O
since	O
its	O
inception	O
in	O
1982	B-DATE
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
dubbed	O
by	O
some	O
as	O
``	O
motion	O
-	O
picture	O
computing	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
style	O
of	O
``	O
visual	O
''	O
computing	O
that	O
provides	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
,	O
color	O
models	O
of	O
everything	O
from	O
the	O
inside	O
of	O
a	O
house	O
to	O
the	O
latest	O
in	O
women	O
's	O
fashion	O
.	O


Though	O
Silicon	B-ORG
Graphics	I-ORG
is	O
much	O
smaller	O
than	O
Digital	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Hewlett	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Sun	I-ORG
,	O
it	O
has	O
emerged	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
as	O
a	O
feared	O
adversary	O
in	O
this	O
graphics	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
workstation	O
market	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
has	O
made	O
it	O
tough	O
on	O
competitors	O
by	O
offering	O
a	O
stream	O
of	O
desktop	O
computers	O
at	O
sharply	O
lower	O
prices	O
.	O


A	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Silicon	B-ORG
Graphics	I-ORG
introduced	O
a	O
model	O
priced	O
at	O
$	O
15,000	B-MONEY
--	O
almost	O
as	O
cheap	O
as	O
mainstream	O
workstations	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
offer	O
special	O
graphics	O
features	O
.	O


Silicon	B-ORG
Graphics	I-ORG
also	O
plans	O
to	O
unveil	O
even	O
less	O
expensive	O
machines	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
pretty	O
safe	O
to	O
assume	O
we	O
can	O
bring	O
the	O
cost	O
down	O
of	O
these	O
systems	O
by	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
a	O
year	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Edward	B-PERSON
McCracken	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
.	O


Silicon	B-ORG
Graphics	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
strategy	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
paying	O
off	O
.	O


Revenue	O
for	O
its	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
Sept.	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
was	O
$	B-MONEY
86.4	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
a	O
95	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
increase	O
over	O
the	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
period	O
.	O


Profit	O
was	O
$	B-MONEY
5.2	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
compared	O
with	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O


Remember	O
those	O
bulky	O
,	O
thick	O
-	O
walled	O
refrigerators	O
of	O
30	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
?	O


They	O
,	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
something	O
less	O
efficient	O
than	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
thin	O
-	O
walled	O
units	O
,	O
may	O
soon	O
be	O
making	O
a	O
comeback	O
.	O


That	O
something	O
,	O
whatever	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
could	O
add	O
as	B-MONEY
much	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
to	O
the	O
$	O
600	B-MONEY
or	O
so	O
consumers	O
now	O
pay	O
for	O
lower	O
-	O
priced	O
refrigerators	O
.	O


These	O
and	O
other	O
expensive	O
changes	O
in	O
products	O
ranging	O
from	O
auto	O
air	O
conditioners	O
to	O
foam	O
cushioning	O
to	O
commercial	O
solvents	O
are	O
in	O
prospect	O
because	O
of	O
something	O
called	O
the	B-LAW
Montreal	I-LAW
Protocol	I-LAW
,	O
signed	O
by	O
24	B-CARDINAL
nations	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
sweeping	O
environmental	O
regulatory	O
efforts	O
to	O
date	O
--	O
involving	O
products	O
with	O
an	O
annual	B-DATE
value	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
135	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
alone	O
--	O
the	O
signatories	O
agreed	O
to	O
curtail	O
sharply	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
chlorofluorocarbons	O
-LRB-	O
CFCs	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


World	O
-	O
wide	O
production	O
would	O
be	O
cut	O
in	O
half	B-CARDINAL
by	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
liked	O
the	O
treaty	O
so	O
well	O
it	O
ratified	O
it	O
by	O
a	O
vote	O
of	O
89	B-CARDINAL
to	O
0	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Not	O
to	O
be	O
outdone	O
,	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
wants	O
CFCs	O
banished	O
altogether	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
goal	O
endorsed	O
at	O
an	O
80	B-CARDINAL
-	O
nation	O
U.N.	B-ORG
environmental	O
meeting	O
in	O
Helsinki	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
banishment	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
turns	O
out	O
.	O


CFCs	O
are	O
the	O
primary	O
ingredient	O
in	O
a	O
gas	O
,	O
often	O
referred	O
to	O
by	O
the	O
Du	B-ORG
Pont	I-ORG
trade	O
name	O
Freon	B-PRODUCT
,	O
which	O
is	O
compressed	O
to	O
liquid	O
form	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
the	O
cooling	O
agent	O
in	O
refrigeration	O
and	O
air	O
-	O
conditioning	O
equipment	O
.	O


Gases	O
containing	O
CFCs	O
are	O
pumped	O
into	O
polyurethane	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
foam	O
used	O
in	O
pillows	O
,	O
upholstery	O
and	O
insulation	O
.	O


Polyurethane	O
foam	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
efficient	O
insulator	O
,	O
which	O
accounts	O
for	O
why	O
the	O
walls	O
of	O
refrigerators	O
and	O
freezers	O
can	O
be	O
thinner	O
now	O
than	O
they	O
were	O
back	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
when	O
they	O
were	O
insulated	O
with	O
glass	O
fiber	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
though	O
by	O
some	O
estimates	O
it	O
might	O
cost	O
the	O
world	O
as	B-MONEY
much	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
between	B-DATE
now	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
to	O
convert	O
to	O
other	O
coolants	O
,	O
foaming	O
agents	O
and	O
solvents	O
and	O
to	O
redesign	O
equipment	O
for	O
these	O
less	O
efficient	O
substitutes	O
,	O
the	B-LAW
Montreal	I-LAW
Protocol	I-LAW
's	I-LAW
legions	O
of	O
supporters	O
say	O
it	O
is	O
worth	O
it	O
.	O


They	O
insist	O
that	O
CFCs	O
are	O
damaging	O
the	O
earth	O
's	O
stratospheric	O
ozone	O
layer	O
,	O
which	O
screens	O
out	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
sun	O
's	O
ultraviolet	O
rays	O
.	O


Hence	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
see	O
it	O
,	O
if	O
something	O
is	O
n't	O
done	O
earthlings	O
will	O
become	O
ever	O
more	O
subject	O
to	O
sunburn	O
and	O
skin	O
cancer	O
.	O


Peter	B-PERSON
Teagan	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
specialist	O
in	O
heat	O
transfer	O
,	O
is	O
running	O
a	O
project	O
at	O
Arthur	B-ORG
D.	I-ORG
Little	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
of	O
Cambridge	B-GPE
,	O
Mass.	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
find	O
alternative	O
technologies	O
that	O
will	O
allow	O
industry	O
to	O
eliminate	O
CFCs	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
his	O
interest	O
in	O
ozone	O
depletion	O
he	O
has	O
extensively	O
studied	O
the	O
related	O
topic	O
of	O
global	O
warming	O
,	O
a	O
theory	O
that	O
mankind	O
's	O
generation	O
of	O
carbon	O
dioxide	O
through	O
increased	O
combustion	O
of	O
fossil	O
fuels	O
is	O
creating	O
a	O
``	O
greenhouse	O
effect	O
''	O
that	O
will	O
work	O
important	O
climatic	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
earth	O
's	O
atmosphere	O
over	O
time	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
admit	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
complete	O
consensus	O
in	O
the	O
scientific	O
community	O
on	O
either	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
problems	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Teagan	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
In	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
literature	O
I	O
read	O
I	O
come	O
across	O
countervailing	O
opinions	O
quite	O
frequently	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
is	O
such	O
that	O
many	O
others	O
feel	O
it	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
addressed	O
soon	O
,	O
before	O
all	O
the	O
evidence	O
is	O
in	O
.	O


We	O
ca	O
n't	O
afford	O
to	O
wait	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
does	O
it	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
so	O
soon	O
?	O


Some	O
atmospheric	O
scientists	O
think	O
that	O
even	O
if	O
CFCs	O
were	O
released	O
into	O
the	O
atmosphere	O
at	O
an	O
accelerating	O
rate	O
,	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
ozone	O
depletion	O
would	O
be	O
only	B-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
by	O
the	B-DATE
middle	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
next	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
's	O
easy	O
to	O
get	O
something	O
comparable	O
by	O
simply	O
moving	O
to	O
a	O
higher	O
altitude	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
questions	O
,	O
particularly	O
among	O
atmospheric	O
scientists	O
who	O
know	O
this	O
subject	O
best	O
,	O
about	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
anyone	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
in	O
fact	O
is	O
happening	O
to	O
the	O
ozone	O
layer	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
generally	O
agreed	O
that	O
when	O
CFCs	O
rise	O
from	O
earth	O
to	O
stratosphere	O
,	O
the	O
chlorine	O
in	O
them	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
interfering	O
with	O
the	O
process	O
through	O
which	O
ultraviolet	O
rays	O
split	O
oxygen	O
molecules	O
and	O
form	O
ozone	O
.	O


But	O
ozone	O
creation	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
natural	O
process	O
and	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
human	O
-	O
generated	O
CFCs	O
in	O
reducing	O
it	O
is	O
largely	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
conjecture	O
.	O


The	O
ozone	O
layer	O
is	O
constantly	O
in	O
motion	O
and	O
thus	O
very	O
hard	O
to	O
measure	O
.	O


What	O
scientists	O
have	O
known	O
since	O
the	O
late	O
1970s	O
is	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
hole	O
in	O
the	O
layer	O
over	O
Antarctica	B-LOC
that	O
expands	O
or	O
contracts	O
from	O
year	B-DATE
to	O
year	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
at	O
least	O
worthy	O
of	O
some	O
note	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
very	O
few	O
refrigerators	O
in	O
Antarctica	B-LOC
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
surely	O
someone	O
has	O
noticed	O
that	O
household	O
refrigerators	O
are	O
closed	O
systems	O
,	O
running	O
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
without	O
either	O
the	O
CFC	O
gas	O
or	O
the	O
insulation	O
ever	O
escaping	O
.	O


Another	O
argument	O
of	O
the	O
environmentalists	O
is	O
that	O
if	O
substitutes	O
are	O
available	O
,	O
why	O
not	O
use	O
them	O
?	O


Mr.	O
Teagan	B-PERSON
cites	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
substitutes	O
but	O
none	O
,	O
so	O
far	O
,	O
match	O
the	O
nonflammable	O
,	O
nontoxic	O
CFCs	O
.	O


Butane	O
and	O
propane	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
coolants	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
flammable	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
new	O
lubricants	O
will	O
be	O
needed	O
to	O
protect	O
compressors	O
from	O
the	O
new	O
formulations	O
,	O
which	O
,	O
as	O
with	O
CFCs	O
,	O
are	O
solvents	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Teagan	B-PERSON
points	O
out	O
as	O
well	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
equipment	O
designed	O
to	O
get	O
along	O
without	O
CFCs	O
is	O
less	O
efficient	O
than	O
current	O
devices	O
,	O
energy	O
consumption	O
will	O
rise	O
and	O
that	O
will	O
worsen	O
the	O
greenhouse	O
effect	O
.	O


Folks	O
in	O
the	O
Midwest	B-LOC
who	O
just	O
suffered	O
a	O
mid-October	B-DATE
snowstorm	O
may	O
wonder	O
where	O
the	O
greenhouse	O
was	O
when	O
they	O
needed	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
let	O
's	O
not	O
be	O
flippant	O
about	O
grave	O
risks	O
.	O


As	O
it	O
happens	O
,	O
Arthur	B-ORG
D.	I-ORG
Little	I-ORG
is	O
not	O
at	O
all	O
interested	O
in	O
throwing	O
cold	O
water	O
on	O
ozone	O
depletion	O
and	O
global	O
warming	O
theories	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
interested	O
in	O
making	O
some	O
money	O
advising	O
industry	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
convert	O
to	O
a	O
world	O
without	O
CFCs	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
,	O
after	O
all	O
,	O
big	O
money	O
in	O
environmentalism	O
.	O


Maybe	O
we	O
should	O
ask	O
why	O
it	O
was	O
that	O
Du	B-ORG
Pont	I-ORG
so	O
quickly	O
capitulated	O
and	O
issued	O
a	O
statement	O
,	O
giving	O
it	O
wide	O
publicity	O
,	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
withdrawing	O
CFCs	O
.	O


Freon	B-PRODUCT
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
1930	B-DATE
,	O
revolutionized	O
America	B-GPE
by	O
making	O
refrigeration	O
and	O
air	O
conditioning	O
practical	O
after	O
all	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
answer	O
is	O
that	O
big	O
companies	O
are	O
growing	O
weary	O
of	O
fighting	O
environmental	O
movements	O
and	O
are	O
trying	O
instead	O
to	O
cash	O
in	O
on	O
them	O
,	O
although	O
they	O
never	O
care	O
to	O
put	O
it	O
quite	O
that	O
way	O
.	O


Du	B-ORG
Pont	I-ORG
,	O
as	O
it	O
happens	O
,	O
has	O
a	O
potential	O
substitute	O
for	O
CFCs	O
.	O


Imperial	B-ORG
Chemical	I-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
also	O
has	O
one	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
building	O
a	O
plant	O
in	O
Louisiana	B-GPE
to	O
produce	O
it	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
chemical	O
companies	O
are	O
at	O
work	O
developing	O
their	O
own	O
substitutes	O
and	O
hoping	O
to	O
conquer	O
new	O
markets	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
still	O
others	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
mind	O
seeing	O
new	O
crises	O
arise	O
.	O


Environmental	O
groups	O
would	O
soon	O
go	O
out	O
of	O
business	O
were	O
they	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
send	O
out	O
mailings	O
describing	O
the	O
latest	O
threat	O
and	O
asking	O
for	O
money	O
to	O
fight	O
it	O
.	O


University	O
professors	O
and	O
consultants	O
with	O
scientific	O
credentials	O
saw	O
a	O
huge	O
market	O
for	O
their	O
services	O
evaporate	O
when	O
price	O
decontrol	O
destroyed	O
the	O
energy	O
crisis	O
and	O
thus	O
the	O
demand	O
for	O
``	O
alternative	O
energy	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
needed	O
new	O
crises	O
to	O
generate	O
new	O
grants	O
and	O
contracts	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
environmentalism	O
has	O
created	O
a	O
whole	O
set	O
of	O
vested	O
interests	O
that	O
fare	O
better	O
when	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
problems	O
than	O
when	O
there	O
are	O
few	O
.	O


That	O
tends	O
to	O
tilt	O
the	O
public	O
debate	O
toward	O
``	O
solutions	O
''	O
even	O
when	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
knowledgeable	O
scientists	O
are	O
skeptical	O
about	O
the	O
seriousness	O
of	O
the	O
threats	O
and	O
the	O
insistence	O
of	O
urgency	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
an	O
element	O
of	O
make	O
-	O
work	O
involved	O
.	O


Consumers	O
pay	O
the	O
bill	O
for	O
all	O
this	O
in	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
a	O
refrigerator	O
or	O
an	O
air	O
-	O
conditioned	O
car	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
were	O
really	O
getting	O
insurance	O
against	O
environmental	O
disaster	O
,	O
the	O
price	O
would	O
be	O
cheap	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
impending	O
threat	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
get	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
expensive	O
.	O


but	O
worries	O
about	O
1990	B-DATE
.	O


With	O
most	O
legislatures	O
adjourned	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
small	O
business	O
is	O
tallying	O
its	O
scorecard	O
.	O


Much	O
of	O
its	O
attention	O
was	O
spent	O
fighting	O
organized	O
labor	O
's	O
initiatives	O
on	O
issues	O
the	O
small	O
-	O
business	O
community	O
traditionally	O
opposes	O
--	O
from	O
raising	O
state	O
minimum	O
wage	O
levels	O
to	O
mandating	O
benefits	O
in	O
health	O
plans	O
.	O


While	O
results	O
were	O
mixed	O
in	O
many	O
states	O
,	O
``	O
small	O
business	O
got	O
by	O
fairly	O
well	O
,	O
''	O
concludes	O
Don	B-PERSON
L.	I-PERSON
Robinson	I-PERSON
,	O
associate	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Federation	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Independent	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
largest	O
small	O
-	O
business	O
organization	O
.	O


Five	B-CARDINAL
states	O
--	O
Oregon	B-GPE
,	O
Rhode	B-GPE
Island	I-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
Hampshire	I-GPE
,	O
Iowa	B-GPE
and	O
Wisconsin	B-GPE
--	O
passed	O
bills	O
to	O
boost	O
the	O
minimum	O
wage	O
,	O
but	O
measures	O
in	O
19	B-CARDINAL
other	O
states	O
were	O
defeated	O
.	O


Oregon	B-GPE
's	O
rate	O
will	O
rise	O
to	O
$	O
4.75	B-MONEY
an	O
hour	O
,	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
highest	O
,	O
in	O
Jan.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1991	I-DATE
.	O


Iowa	B-GPE
's	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
highest	O
--	O
at	O
$	O
4.65	B-MONEY
an	O
hour	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
1992	I-DATE
--	O
but	O
small	O
-	O
business	O
lobbyists	O
won	O
an	O
exclusion	O
for	O
tiny	O
concerns	O
and	O
a	O
lower	O
training	O
rate	O
.	O


In	O
17	B-CARDINAL
central	O
states	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
small	O
-	O
business	O
count	O
shows	O
lawmakers	O
adopted	O
only	B-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
of	O
46	B-CARDINAL
bills	O
mandating	O
health	O
coverage	O
or	O
parental	O
leave	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Illinois	I-ORG
Legislature	I-ORG
narrowly	O
passed	O
a	O
parental	O
-	O
leave	O
bill	O
,	O
which	O
Gov.	O
James	B-PERSON
Thompson	I-PERSON
vetoed	O
,	O
and	O
Iowa	B-GPE
and	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
amended	O
laws	O
to	O
require	O
that	O
employers	O
pay	O
for	O
breast	O
-	O
cancer	O
exams	O
.	O


Small	O
business	O
is	O
bracing	O
for	O
an	O
avalanche	O
of	O
similar	O
proposals	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
Those	O
kinds	O
of	O
issues	O
always	O
keep	O
coming	O
back	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Beckwith	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
manages	O
the	O
Illinois	B-GPE
Chamber	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
's	O
small	O
-	O
business	O
office	O
.	O


DESPITE	O
VICTORIES	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
small	O
business	O
fears	O
losing	O
parental	O
-	O
leave	O
war	O
.	O


Only	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
states	O
--	O
Vermont	B-GPE
and	O
Washington	B-GPE
--	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
joined	O
five	B-CARDINAL
others	O
requiring	O
private	O
employers	O
to	O
grant	O
leaves	O
of	O
absence	O
to	O
employees	O
with	O
newborn	O
or	O
adopted	O
infants	O
.	O


Similar	O
proposals	O
were	O
defeated	O
in	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
15	I-CARDINAL
other	O
states	O
.	O


But	O
small	O
business	O
,	O
which	O
generally	O
detests	O
government	O
-	O
mandated	O
benefits	O
,	O
has	O
taken	O
note	O
of	O
the	O
growing	O
number	O
of	O
close	O
votes	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
just	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
time	O
before	O
the	O
tide	O
turns	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Midwestern	B-NORP
lobbyist	O
.	O


Consequently	O
,	O
small	O
business	O
is	O
taking	O
more	O
``	O
pro-active	O
''	O
steps	O
to	O
counter	O
mandated	O
leaves	O
.	O


In	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
,	O
small	O
businesses	O
are	O
pushing	O
for	O
a	O
voluntary	O
alternative	O
;	O
they	O
favor	O
a	O
commission	O
that	O
would	O
develop	O
sample	O
leave	O
policies	O
that	O
employers	O
could	O
adopt	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
support	O
a	O
tax	O
credit	O
for	O
employers	O
to	O
offset	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
hiring	O
and	O
training	O
workers	O
who	O
temporarily	O
replace	O
employees	O
on	O
parental	O
leave	O
.	O


In	O
1990	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
issue	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
especially	O
close	O
in	O
Alaska	B-GPE
,	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
Michigan	B-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
and	O
Illinois	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
We	O
'll	O
be	O
playing	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
defense	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
Midwest	B-LOC
and	O
Northeast	B-LOC
,	O
''	O
says	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Buente	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
NFIB	B-ORG
.	O


IN	O
LOS	B-GPE
ANGELES	I-GPE
,	O
more	O
small	O
businesses	O
ponder	O
adopting	O
a	O
child	O
-	O
care	O
policy	O
.	O


Triggering	O
the	O
re-examination	O
is	O
a	O
recent	O
city	O
council	O
decision	O
to	O
give	O
preference	O
in	O
letting	O
city	O
contracts	O
to	O
suppliers	O
with	O
a	O
stated	O
policy	O
on	O
child	O
care	O
for	O
their	O
employees	O
.	O


The	O
preferential	O
treatment	O
even	O
applies	O
to	O
awarding	O
small	O
contracts	O
under	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
25,000	I-MONEY
and	O
consulting	O
and	O
temporary	O
services	O
--	O
which	O
often	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
smaller	O
concerns	O
.	O


Firms	O
are	O
permitted	O
wide	O
flexibility	O
in	O
the	O
child	O
-	O
care	O
arrangements	O
they	O
provide	O
.	O


Council	O
member	O
Joy	B-PERSON
Picus	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
measure	O
's	O
chief	O
advocate	O
,	O
considers	O
it	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
``	O
pro-family	O
policy	O
''	O
that	O
makes	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
a	O
leader	O
in	O
``	O
humanizing	O
the	O
workplace	O
.	O
''	O


NOVEMBER	B-DATE
BALLOTS	O
will	O
contain	O
few	O
referendum	O
or	O
initiative	O
issues	O
that	O
especially	O
affect	O
small	O
business	O
.	O


In	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
,	O
small	O
businesses	O
are	O
urging	O
passage	O
of	O
a	O
local	O
initiative	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
new	O
$	B-MONEY
95	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
downtown	O
baseball	O
stadium	O
;	O
they	O
believe	O
it	O
will	O
spur	O
retail	O
sales	O
and	O
hotel	O
-	O
restaurant	O
business	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
state	O
,	O
small	O
business	O
generally	O
opposes	O
an	O
initiative	O
to	O
boost	O
spending	O
on	O
children	O
's	O
programs	O
by	O
$	B-MONEY
360	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
fearing	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
7.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
sales	O
tax	O
will	O
be	O
raised	O
to	O
finance	O
the	O
outlays	O
.	O


DIALING	O
DOLLARS	O
:	O


Small	O
businesses	O
in	O
suburban	O
Chicago	B-GPE
are	O
discovering	O
that	O
an	O
area	O
-	O
code	O
switch	O
Nov.	B-DATE
11	I-DATE
--	O
to	O
708	O
from	O
the	O
familiar	O
312	O
--	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
without	O
some	O
costs	O
as	O
they	O
alter	O
stationery	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
and	O
notify	O
customers	O
.	O


Wessels	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Pautsch	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
small	O
St.	B-GPE
Charles	I-GPE
law	O
firm	O
,	O
plans	O
to	O
mail	O
500	B-CARDINAL
customers	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
its	O
lawyers	O
'	O
new	O
phone	O
and	O
fax	O
numbers	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
updated	O
Rolodex	B-ORG
cards	O
.	O


But	O
many	O
owners	O
plan	O
to	O
practice	O
frugality	O
--	O
crossing	O
out	O
the	O
old	O
code	O
and	O
writing	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
one	O
until	O
their	O
stock	O
runs	O
out	O
.	O


Even	O
print	O
-	O
shop	O
operator	O
Clay	B-PERSON
Smith	I-PERSON
of	O
Naperville	B-GPE
wo	O
n't	O
discard	O
his	O
old	O
supply	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
He	O
reports	O
his	O
business	O
is	O
up	O
slightly	O
from	O
customers	O
replacing	O
old	O
stock	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


CALIFORNIA	B-GPE
,	O
A	O
TREND	O
-	O
SETTER	O
in	O
franchising	O
rules	O
,	O
stirs	O
a	O
controversy	O
.	O


With	O
some	O
new	O
rules	O
,	O
state	O
officials	O
say	O
they	O
made	O
it	O
easier	O
--	O
and	O
faster	O
--	O
to	O
sell	O
new	O
franchises	O
whose	O
terms	O
stray	O
from	O
those	O
in	O
state	O
-	O
registered	O
contracts	O
.	O


Previously	O
,	O
regulators	O
insisted	O
that	O
franchisers	O
pre-register	O
such	O
changes	O
with	O
the	O
state	O
--	O
a	O
costly	O
process	O
taking	O
at	B-DATE
least	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


Now	O
some	O
negotiated	O
sales	O
that	O
meet	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
tests	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
pre-registered	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
franchisers	O
no	O
longer	O
must	O
pre-register	O
sales	O
to	O
aspiring	O
franchisees	O
who	O
qualify	O
as	O
``	O
sophisticated	O
purchasers	O
.	O
''	O


Such	O
buyers	O
must	O
have	O
a	O
minimum	O
net	O
worth	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
$	O
200,000	B-MONEY
annual	B-DATE
income	O
,	O
or	O
recent	O
experience	O
in	O
the	O
business	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
franchise	O
being	O
sold	O
.	O


But	O
critics	O
consider	O
the	O
changes	O
regressive	O
.	O


Lewis	B-PERSON
G.	I-PERSON
Rudnick	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Chicago	B-GPE
lawyer	O
who	O
represents	O
franchisers	O
,	O
contends	O
California	B-GPE
is	O
narrowly	O
limiting	O
--	O
rather	O
than	O
expanding	O
--	O
opportunities	O
for	O
negotiating	O
sales	O
.	O


He	O
argues	O
California	B-GPE
regulators	O
historically	O
have	O
misinterpreted	O
their	O
law	O
--	O
and	O
he	O
says	O
negotiated	O
sales	O
that	O
are	O
n't	O
pre-registered	O
have	O
been	O
legal	O
all	O
along	O
.	O


San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
lawyer	O
Timothy	B-PERSON
H.	I-PERSON
Fine	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
represents	O
franchisees	O
,	O
insists	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
cautiousness	O
helps	O
protect	O
franchisees	O
from	O
crafty	O
sales	O
negotiators	O
who	O
push	O
unlawful	O
clauses	O
.	O


SMALL	O
TALK	O
:	O


A	O
new	O
Maryland	B-GPE
law	O
frees	O
store	O
owners	O
of	O
liability	O
if	O
a	O
customer	O
trips	O
or	O
otherwise	O
gets	O
hurt	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
restroom	O
...	O
.	O


Only	B-PERCENT
4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Missouri	B-GPE
small	O
businesses	O
surveyed	O
say	O
they	O
've	O
tested	O
an	O
employee	O
or	O
applicant	O
for	O
drug	O
or	O
alcohol	O
use	O
...	O
.	O


By	O
52%-36	B-PERCENT
%	O
,	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
NFIB	B-ORG
members	O
favor	O
laws	O
to	O
limit	O
foreign	O
ownership	O
of	O
land	O
and	O
facilities	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


About	B-CARDINAL
400,000	I-CARDINAL
commuters	O
trying	O
to	O
find	O
their	O
way	O
through	O
the	B-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
area	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
quake	O
-	O
torn	O
transportation	O
system	O
wedged	O
cheek	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
jowl	O
into	O
subways	O
,	O
sat	O
in	O
traffic	O
jams	O
on	O
major	O
freeways	O
or	O
waited	O
forlornly	O
for	O
buses	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
better	O
-	O
than	O
-	O
average	O
Manhattan	B-GPE
commute	O
.	O


City	O
officials	O
feared	O
widespread	O
gridlock	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
that	O
normal	O
business	O
operations	O
were	O
resumed	O
following	O
last	B-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
earthquake	O
.	O


The	O
massive	O
temblor	O
,	O
which	O
killed	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
61	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
severed	O
the	B-FAC
Bay	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
,	O
a	O
major	O
artery	O
to	O
the	O
east	O
,	O
and	O
closed	O
most	O
ramps	O
leading	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
Highway	B-FAC
101	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
biggest	O
artery	O
to	O
the	O
south	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
take	O
several	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
to	O
repair	O
the	O
bridge	O
,	O
and	O
several	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
to	O
repair	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
101	B-FAC
connections	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
a	O
wind	O
-	O
driven	O
rainstorm	O
,	O
gridlock	O
never	O
materialized	O
,	O
mainly	O
because	O
the	O
Bay	B-ORG
Area	I-ORG
Rapid	I-ORG
Transit	I-ORG
subway	O
system	O
carried	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
more	O
passengers	O
than	O
normal	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
memory	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
standing	O
-	O
room	O
only	O
in	O
BART	B-ORG
's	O
sleek	O
,	O
modern	O
railcars	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
main	O
bridges	O
still	O
connecting	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
with	O
the	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
did	O
n't	O
charge	O
tolls	O
,	O
allowing	O
traffic	O
to	O
zip	O
through	O
without	O
stopping	O
.	O


Officials	O
also	O
suspect	O
that	O
traffic	O
benefited	O
from	O
steps	O
by	O
major	O
employers	O
to	O
get	O
workers	O
to	O
come	O
in	O
at	O
odd	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
or	O
that	O
many	O
workers	O
are	O
still	O
staying	O
at	O
home	O
.	O


Many	O
commuters	O
who	O
normally	O
drove	O
across	O
the	B-FAC
Bay	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
,	O
which	O
is	O
shut	O
down	O
for	O
several	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
because	O
of	O
damage	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
span	O
,	O
actually	O
may	O
have	O
reached	O
work	O
a	O
bit	O
faster	O
on	O
BART	B-ORG
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
provided	O
they	O
could	O
find	O
a	O
parking	O
space	O
at	O
the	O
system	O
's	O
jammed	O
stations	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
times	O
,	O
the	B-FAC
Bay	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
is	O
the	O
worst	O
commute	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
often	O
experiencing	O
back	O
-	O
ups	O
of	O
20	B-TIME
to	I-TIME
30	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
or	O
more	O
.	O


Not	O
that	O
getting	O
into	O
town	O
was	O
easy	O
.	O


Storm	O
flooding	O
caused	O
back	O
-	O
ups	O
on	O
the	O
freeway	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
commuters	O
had	O
to	O
find	O
rides	O
to	O
BART	B-ORG
's	O
stations	O
,	O
because	O
parking	O
lots	O
were	O
full	O
before	O
dawn	O
.	O


Bus	O
schedules	O
were	O
sometimes	O
in	O
disarray	O
,	O
stranding	O
commuters	O
such	O
as	O
Marilyn	B-PERSON
Sullivan	I-PERSON
.	O


Her	O
commute	O
from	O
Petaluma	B-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
,	O
normally	O
takes	O
an	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
and	I-TIME
15	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
,	O
via	O
the	B-FAC
Golden	I-FAC
Gate	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
,	O
which	O
connects	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
with	O
the	O
North	B-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
area	O
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
she	O
was	O
still	O
waiting	O
at	O
a	O
bus	O
stop	O
after	O
three	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
trying	O
to	O
transfer	O
to	O
a	O
bus	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
financial	O
district	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
worse	O
than	O
I	O
thought	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
all	O
the	O
buses	O
are	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
while	O
traffic	O
was	O
heavy	O
early	O
in	O
the	O
commute	O
over	O
the	B-FAC
Golden	I-FAC
Gate	I-FAC
,	O
by	O
8	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
it	O
already	O
had	O
thinned	O
out	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
smoothest	O
commutes	O
I	O
've	O
ever	O
had	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Catania	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
insurance	O
broker	O
on	O
the	O
bus	O
from	O
Mill	B-GPE
Valley	I-GPE
in	O
Marin	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
.	O


``	O
It	O
looks	O
like	O
a	B-DATE
holiday	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
think	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
got	O
scared	O
and	O
stayed	O
home	O
.	O
''	O


However	O
,	O
a	O
spokeswoman	O
for	O
BankAmerica	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
absenteeism	O
at	O
the	O
bank	O
holding	O
company	O
was	O
no	O
greater	O
than	O
on	O
an	B-DATE
average	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


At	O
the	B-FAC
San	I-FAC
Mateo	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
,	O
which	O
connects	O
the	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
peninsula	O
with	O
the	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
,	O
police	O
were	O
surprised	O
at	O
the	O
speed	O
with	O
which	O
traffic	O
moved	O
.	O


``	O
Everybody	O
pretty	O
much	O
pitched	O
in	O
and	O
cooperated	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Stan	B-PERSON
Perez	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
sergeant	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
California	I-ORG
Highway	I-ORG
Patrol	I-ORG
.	O


There	O
were	O
many	O
indications	O
that	O
the	B-TIME
new	I-TIME
work	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
implemented	O
by	O
major	O
corporations	O
played	O
a	O
big	O
role	O
.	O


The	B-FAC
Golden	I-FAC
Gate	I-FAC
handled	O
as	O
many	O
cars	O
as	O
normally	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
over	O
four	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
rather	O
than	O
the	O
usual	O
two	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
crush	O
.	O


Bechtel	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
giant	O
closely	O
held	O
engineering	O
concern	O
,	O
says	O
it	O
has	O
instituted	O
a	O
6	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
to	I-TIME
8	I-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
flextime	O
arrangement	O
,	O
whereby	O
employees	O
may	O
select	O
any	O
eight	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
period	O
during	O
those	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
to	O
go	O
to	O
work	O
.	O


Of	O
Bechtel	B-ORG
's	O
17,500	B-CARDINAL
employees	O
,	O
about	B-CARDINAL
4,000	I-CARDINAL
work	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
--	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
commuting	O
from	O
stricken	O
East	B-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
.	O


Pacific	B-ORG
Gas	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
is	O
offering	O
its	O
6,000	B-CARDINAL
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
employees	O
a	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
tier	O
flextime	O
schedule	O
--	O
either	O
6	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
to	I-TIME
2	I-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
or	O
10	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
to	I-TIME
6	I-TIME
p.m	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
flextime	O
may	O
cut	O
by	O
almost	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
the	O
number	O
of	O
PG&E	B-ORG
employees	O
working	O
conventional	O
9	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
5	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
a	O
spokesman	O
says	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
utility	O
's	O
employees	O
may	O
opt	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
workweek	I-DATE
,	O
10	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
a	O
day	O
,	O
to	O
cut	O
the	O
commute	O
by	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


At	O
Pacific	B-ORG
Telesis	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
flextime	O
is	O
left	O
up	O
to	O
individual	O
working	O
groups	O
,	O
because	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
telephone	O
company	O
's	O
employees	O
must	O
be	O
on	O
-	O
site	O
during	O
normal	B-TIME
business	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
a	O
spokeswoman	O
says	O
.	O


Some	O
individuals	O
went	O
to	O
some	O
lengths	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
anticipated	O
gridlock	O
.	O


One	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
at	O
Bechtel	B-ORG
said	O
he	O
got	O
up	O
at	O
3	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
to	O
drive	O
into	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
from	O
the	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
.	O


But	O
transportation	O
officials	O
worry	O
that	O
such	O
extraordinary	O
measures	O
and	O
cooperation	O
may	O
not	O
last	O
.	O


Although	O
one	B-CARDINAL
transportation	O
official	O
said	O
drivers	O
who	O
did	O
n't	O
use	O
car	O
pools	O
were	O
committing	O
``	O
an	O
anti-social	O
act	O
,	O
''	O
about	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
motorists	O
crossing	O
the	B-FAC
Golden	I-FAC
Gate	I-FAC
were	O
alone	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
normal	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
rate	O
.	O


And	O
some	O
commuters	O
,	O
relieved	O
by	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
gridlock	O
,	O
were	O
planning	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
their	O
old	O
ways	O
.	O


Garry	B-PERSON
Kasparov	I-PERSON
went	O
to	O
combat	O
Sunday	B-DATE
with	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
most	O
advanced	O
chess	O
computer	O
and	O
kicked	O
it	O
around	O
--	O
symbolically	O
,	O
anyway	O
--	O
like	O
an	O
old	O
tin	O
can	O
.	O


Playing	O
black	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
game	O
,	O
the	O
human	O
champion	O
maneuvered	O
Deep	B-WORK_OF_ART
Thought	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
known	O
for	O
its	O
attacking	O
prowess	O
,	O
into	O
a	O
totally	O
passive	O
position	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
unleashed	O
his	O
own	O
,	O
unstoppable	O
,	O
attack	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
game	O
,	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
advancing	O
ferociously	O
as	O
white	O
,	O
D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
offered	O
feeble	O
resistance	O
and	O
lost	O
even	O
faster	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
mankind	O
can	O
rest	O
easier	O
for	O
now	O
.	O


Though	O
almost	O
everybody	O
at	O
the	O
playing	O
site	O
had	O
been	O
looking	O
for	O
the	O
26	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Soviet	B-NORP
to	O
beat	O
the	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
computer	O
,	O
he	O
gave	O
the	O
machine	O
a	O
far	O
worse	O
drubbing	O
than	O
many	O
expected	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
strode	O
into	O
the	O
playing	O
hall	O
,	O
he	O
called	O
the	O
outcome	O
.	O


As	O
if	O
he	O
were	O
Iron	B-PERSON
Mike	I-PERSON
,	O
about	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
ring	O
with	O
a	O
98	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
pound	I-QUANTITY
weakling	O
,	O
he	O
declared	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
beat	O
any	O
computer	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O
''	O


His	O
strategy	O
against	O
D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
was	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
thorough	O
study	O
of	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
games	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
including	O
its	O
notorious	O
whippings	O
of	O
the	O
grandmasters	O
Bent	B-PERSON
Larsen	I-PERSON
of	O
Denmark	B-GPE
and	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Byrne	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
was	O
underwhelmed	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
computer	O
's	O
mind	O
is	O
too	O
straight	O
,	O
too	O
primitive	O
,	O
''	O
lacking	O
the	O
intuition	O
and	O
creativity	O
needed	O
to	O
reach	O
the	O
top	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
champion	O
apparently	O
was	O
not	O
worried	O
at	O
all	O
about	O
D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	O
strong	O
points	O
.	O


Its	O
chief	O
builder	O
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
-	O
born	O
Feng	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
Hsu	I-PERSON
,	O
nicknamed	O
his	O
brainchild	O
``	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Weasel	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
for	O
its	O
tactical	O
flair	O
at	O
wriggling	O
out	O
of	O
horrible	O
positions	O
.	O


D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
also	O
has	O
a	O
prodigious	O
and	O
flawless	O
memory	O
,	O
is	O
utterly	O
fearless	O
,	O
and	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
distracted	O
by	O
the	O
sexy	O
nude	O
sculptures	O
spread	O
around	O
the	O
playing	O
hall	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
New	I-FAC
York	I-FAC
Academy	I-FAC
of	I-FAC
Art	I-FAC
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
never	O
left	O
home	O
,	O
Carnegie	B-ORG
Mellon	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
in	O
Pittsburgh	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
communicated	O
with	O
its	O
human	O
handlers	O
by	O
telephone	O
link	O
.	O


They	O
conceded	O
that	O
the	O
odds	O
favored	O
Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
they	O
put	O
their	O
hope	O
in	O
D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	O
recently	O
enhanced	O
capacity	O
for	O
examining	O
positions	O
--	O
up	O
to	O
a	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
per	O
second	O
,	O
from	O
720,000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


But	O
the	O
handlers	O
mistakenly	O
stuck	O
with	O
silicon	O
chips	O
;	O
they	O
needed	O
kryptonite	O
.	O


This	O
became	O
apparent	O
as	O
game	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
a	O
Sicilian	B-NORP
Defense	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
,	O
proceeded	O
.	O


No	O
human	O
can	O
examine	O
millions	O
of	O
moves	O
,	O
but	O
Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
,	O
using	O
his	O
ineffably	O
powerful	O
brain	O
,	O
consistently	O
found	O
very	O
good	O
ones	O
.	O


After	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
moves	O
by	O
each	O
side	O
,	O
the	O
board	O
was	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
in	O
a	O
game	O
in	O
which	O
Nigel	B-PERSON
Short	I-PERSON
of	O
Great	B-GPE
Britain	I-GPE
fought	O
the	O
champion	O
to	O
a	O
draw	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
the	O
computer	O
did	O
n't	O
play	O
Mr.	O
Short	B-PERSON
's	O
ninth	B-ORDINAL
move	O
,	O
a	O
key	O
pawn	O
thrust	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
position	O
deteriorated	O
rapidly	O
.	O


Instead	O
of	O
castling	O
,	O
a	O
standard	O
measure	O
to	O
safeguard	O
the	O
king	O
,	O
D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
made	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
-	O
rate	O
rook	O
maneuver	O
at	O
move	O
13	B-CARDINAL
;	O
then	O
it	O
put	O
a	O
knight	O
offside	O
on	O
move	O
16	B-CARDINAL
.	O


``	O
Only	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
classes	O
of	O
minds	O
would	O
think	O
of	O
this	O
--	O
very	O
weak	O
human	O
players	O
,	O
and	O
computers	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Edmar	B-PERSON
Mednis	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
expert	O
commentator	O
for	O
the	O
match	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
attended	O
by	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
chess	O
fans	O
.	O


By	O
move	O
21	B-CARDINAL
,	O
D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
had	O
fallen	O
into	O
a	O
deep	O
positional	O
trap	O
.	O


It	O
allowed	O
Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
to	O
exchange	O
his	O
dark	O
-	O
squared	O
bishop	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	O
knights	O
.	O


Bishops	O
usually	O
are	O
worth	O
slightly	O
more	O
than	O
knights	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
was	O
left	O
with	O
a	O
very	O
dangerous	O
knight	O
and	O
D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	O
surviving	O
bishop	O
was	O
reduced	O
to	O
passivity	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
it	O
looked	O
more	O
like	O
a	O
pawn	O
,	O
a	O
``	O
tall	O
pawn	O
,	O
''	O
as	O
spectators	O
snidely	O
put	O
it	O
.	O


Consistently	O
,	O
D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
was	O
over	O
-	O
optimistic	O
about	O
its	O
chances	O
,	O
which	O
it	O
continually	O
sized	O
up	O
,	O
in	O
numerical	O
form	O
.	O


When	O
most	O
spectators	O
thought	O
its	O
position	O
hopeless	O
,	O
the	O
computer	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
only	O
,	O
in	O
effect	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
a	O
pawn	O
down	O
.	O


Such	O
evaluations	O
met	O
with	O
derision	O
,	O
and	O
kept	O
the	O
machine	O
from	O
resigning	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
humans	O
would	O
have	O
--	O
prompting	O
more	O
derision	O
.	O


While	O
D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
shuffled	O
its	O
king	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
in	O
a	O
defensive	O
crouch	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
maneuvered	O
the	O
knight	O
to	O
a	O
dominant	O
outpost	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
launched	O
a	O
kingside	O
storm	O
,	O
sacrificing	O
a	O
pawn	O
to	O
denude	O
D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	O
king	O
.	O


No	O
amount	O
of	O
weasling	O
could	O
have	O
saved	O
this	O
game	O
for	O
D.T	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


A	O
piece	O
down	O
,	O
the	O
computer	O
resigned	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
crowd	O
in	O
the	O
analysis	O
room	O
smelling	O
figurative	O
blood	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
question	O
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
how	O
fast	O
Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
could	O
win	O
game	O
two	B-CARDINAL
.	O


With	O
the	O
advantage	O
of	O
playing	O
white	O
-LRB-	O
which	O
moves	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-RRB-	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
followed	O
up	O
cleverly	O
against	O
the	O
computer	O
's	O
defense	O
,	O
a	O
Queen	O
's	O
Gambit	O
Accepted	O
.	O


As	O
early	O
as	O
move	O
six	B-CARDINAL
,	O
Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
deviated	O
from	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
sequence	O
of	O
moves	O
,	O
developing	O
a	O
knight	O
instead	O
of	O
making	O
a	O
standard	O
bishop	O
attack	O
against	O
the	O
computer	O
's	O
advanced	O
knight	O
.	O


This	O
left	O
the	O
computer	O
with	O
a	O
broader	O
range	O
of	O
plausible	O
replies	O
--	O
and	O
it	O
immediately	O
blundered	O
by	O
moving	O
a	O
queenside	O
pawn	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
neglect	O
of	O
kingside	O
development	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
a	O
new	O
position	O
just	O
after	O
the	O
opening	O
,	O
a	O
computer	O
will	O
have	O
serious	O
problems	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
said	O
later	O
.	O


In	O
such	O
positions	O
,	O
he	O
explained	O
,	O
``	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
create	O
something	O
new	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
computer	O
is	O
n't	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
right	O
now	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
only	B-CARDINAL
11	I-CARDINAL
moves	O
for	O
each	O
side	O
,	O
the	O
computer	O
's	O
position	O
was	O
shaky	O
.	O


Greedily	O
,	O
it	O
grabbed	O
a	O
pawn	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
facing	O
a	O
brutal	O
attack	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
a	O
defensive	O
move	O
was	O
called	O
for	O
,	O
D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
passed	O
up	O
an	O
obvious	O
pawn	O
move	O
and	O
instead	O
exposed	O
its	O
queen	O
to	O
immediate	O
tactical	O
threats	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
remarked	O
later	O
that	O
``	O
even	O
a	O
weak	O
club	O
player	O
''	O
would	O
have	O
avoided	O
the	O
queen	O
move	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
after	O
only	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
moves	O
,	O
spectators	O
were	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
mating	O
combination	O
.	O


On	O
a	O
demonstration	O
board	O
,	O
emcee	O
Shelby	B-PERSON
Lyman	I-PERSON
showed	O
a	O
quick	O
kill	O
initiated	O
by	O
a	O
knight	O
sacrifice	O
;	O
no	O
spectator	O
refuted	O
this	O
line	O
of	O
play	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
's	O
continuation	O
was	O
slower	O
but	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
deadly	O
.	O


He	O
won	O
D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	O
queen	O
for	O
two	B-CARDINAL
minor	O
pieces	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
pawns	O
--	O
not	O
enough	O
compensation	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
position	O
,	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
computer	O
much	O
hope	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
hopeless	O
position	O
,	O
the	O
computer	O
resigned	O
rather	O
than	O
make	O
its	O
37th	B-ORDINAL
move	O
.	O


And	O
Mr.	O
Kasparov	B-PERSON
,	O
to	O
cheers	O
and	O
applause	O
,	O
marched	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
analysis	O
room	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
both	O
games	O
I	O
got	O
exactly	O
what	O
I	O
wanted	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


What	O
he	O
had	O
demonstrated	O
,	O
he	O
added	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
more	O
to	O
chess	O
than	O
sheer	O
calculation	O
.	O


Undeterred	O
,	O
D.T.	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	O
handlers	O
vowed	O
to	O
press	O
on	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
will	O
be	O
building	O
a	O
successor	O
machine	O
for	O
International	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Machines	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


Promises	O
Feng	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
hsiung	I-PERSON
Hsu	I-PERSON
:	O
``	O
In	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
we	O
'll	O
mount	O
a	O
better	O
challenge	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Tannenbaum	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
reporter	O
in	O
the	O
Journal	B-ORG
's	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
bureau	O
.	O


Reaching	O
for	O
that	O
extra	O
bit	O
of	O
yield	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
big	O
mistake	O
--	O
especially	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
investing	O
in	O
.	O


Just	O
ask	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Blumenfeld	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
dentist	O
who	O
considers	O
himself	O
``	O
a	O
reasonably	O
sophisticated	O
investor	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
May	B-DATE
1986	I-DATE
,	O
Dr.	O
Blumenfeld	B-PERSON
gave	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
40,000	I-MONEY
for	O
a	O
federally	O
insured	O
certificate	O
of	O
deposit	O
offering	O
an	O
effective	O
yield	O
of	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
9	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


``	O
It	O
was	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
interest	O
rates	O
came	O
down	O
very	O
rapidly	O
,	O
''	O
Dr.	O
Blumenfeld	B-PERSON
recalls	O
.	O


Yields	O
on	O
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
CDs	O
at	O
major	O
banks	O
were	O
averaging	O
about	B-PERCENT
7.45	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
10	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
Treasury	B-ORG
notes	O
were	O
paying	O
less	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
CD	O
seemed	O
like	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
.	O


But	O
nearly	B-DATE
3	I-DATE
1/2	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
Merrill	B-ORG
says	O
the	O
investment	O
is	O
worth	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
43,000	I-MONEY
--	O
an	O
amount	O
that	O
represents	O
an	O
annual	B-DATE
return	O
of	O
just	B-PERCENT
over	I-PERCENT
2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
on	O
Dr.	O
Blumenfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
$	O
40,000	B-MONEY
.	O


The	O
problem	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
CD	O
he	O
bought	O
for	O
a	O
retirement	O
plan	O
was	O
n't	O
a	O
plain	O
vanilla	O
CD	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
his	O
Merrill	B-ORG
broker	O
put	O
him	O
in	O
a	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
CD	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
sold	O
at	O
a	O
deep	O
discount	O
to	O
its	O
face	O
value	O
.	O


The	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
price	O
and	O
the	O
face	O
value	O
payable	O
at	O
maturity	O
is	O
the	O
investor	O
's	O
return	O
.	O


More	O
important	O
,	O
the	O
CD	O
was	O
purchased	O
on	O
the	O
secondary	O
,	O
or	O
resale	O
,	O
market	O
.	O


Because	O
the	O
CD	O
had	O
an	O
effective	O
yield	O
of	O
13.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
when	O
it	O
was	O
issued	O
in	O
1984	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
interest	O
rates	O
in	O
general	O
had	O
declined	O
sharply	O
since	O
then	O
,	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
price	O
Dr.	O
Blumenfeld	B-PERSON
paid	O
was	O
a	O
premium	O
--	O
an	O
additional	O
amount	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
CD	O
's	O
base	O
value	O
plus	O
accrued	O
interest	O
that	O
represented	O
the	O
CD	O
's	O
increased	O
market	O
value	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
thrift	O
that	O
issued	O
the	O
CD	O
is	O
insolvent	O
,	O
and	O
Dr.	O
Blumenfeld	B-PERSON
has	O
learned	O
to	O
his	O
surprise	O
that	O
the	O
premium	O
is	O
n't	O
insured	O
under	O
federal	O
deposit	O
insurance	O
.	O


The	O
tip	O
-	O
off	O
came	O
when	O
he	O
opened	O
a	O
recent	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
statement	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
CD	O
's	O
``	O
estimated	O
current	O
market	O
value	O
''	O
had	O
plummeted	O
by	O
$	O
9,000	B-MONEY
in	O
a	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Several	O
phone	O
calls	O
and	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
his	O
broker	O
's	O
office	O
later	O
,	O
the	O
dentist	O
found	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
$	O
9,000	B-MONEY
drop	O
represented	O
the	O
current	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
premium	O
he	O
paid	O
when	O
he	O
bought	O
the	O
CD	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
amount	O
was	O
n't	O
insured	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
I	O
was	O
never	O
aware	O
of	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


He	O
assumed	O
that	O
principal	O
and	O
interest	O
were	O
``	O
fully	O
insured	O
up	B-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100,000	I-MONEY
,	O
''	O
he	O
adds	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Blumenfeld	B-PERSON
is	O
n't	O
unique	O
.	O


Especially	O
at	O
times	O
like	O
these	O
,	O
when	O
declining	O
rates	O
make	O
it	O
hard	O
for	O
investors	O
to	O
get	O
yields	O
they	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
expect	O
,	O
too	O
many	O
people	O
chase	O
the	O
promise	O
of	O
above	O
-	O
market	O
returns	O
without	O
fully	O
appreciating	O
the	O
risk	O
.	O


``	O
Yield	O
greed	O
often	O
gets	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
understanding	O
things	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
John	B-PERSON
Markese	I-PERSON
,	O
research	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Individual	I-ORG
Investors	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Chicago	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
educational	O
group	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
biggest	O
problem	O
we	O
have	O
is	O
that	O
investors	O
realize	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
fact	O
,	O
that	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
understand	O
what	O
they	O
were	O
investing	O
in	O
.	O
''	O


Dr.	O
Blumenfeld	B-PERSON
concedes	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
fully	O
understand	O
what	O
he	O
was	O
buying	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
that	O
he	O
knew	O
he	O
was	O
getting	O
a	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
CD	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
previously	O
invested	O
in	O
TIGRs	O
-LRB-	O
Treasury	O
Income	O
Growth	O
Receipts	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
Treasury	B-ORG
security	O
sold	O
by	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
he	O
says	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
understand	O
he	O
was	O
buying	O
the	O
CD	O
on	O
the	O
secondary	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
contends	O
his	O
broker	O
never	O
fully	O
explained	O
the	O
risks	O
.	O


The	O
broker	O
,	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
Beairsto	I-PERSON
of	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Morristown	B-GPE
,	O
N.J.	B-GPE
,	O
office	O
,	O
refuses	O
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
matter	O
with	O
a	O
reporter	O
,	O
referring	O
inquiries	O
to	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
officials	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Those	O
officials	O
say	O
there	O
was	O
full	O
disclosure	O
of	O
the	O
risks	O
in	O
a	O
``	O
fact	O
sheet	O
''	O
sent	O
to	O
all	O
CD	O
investors	O
with	O
their	O
confirmation	O
of	O
sale	O
.	O


The	O
fact	O
sheet	O
,	O
dated	O
April	B-DATE
1986	I-DATE
,	O
says	O
on	O
page	O
three	B-CARDINAL
:	O
``	O
If	O
the	O
price	O
paid	O
for	O
a	O
CD	O
purchased	O
in	O
the	O
secondary	O
market	O
...	O
is	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
accreted	O
value	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
CDs	O
,	O
the	O
difference	O
...	O
is	O
not	O
insured	O
...	O
.	O


Computations	O
involving	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
CDs	O
are	O
more	O
complicated	O
and	O
you	O
should	O
discuss	O
any	O
questions	O
you	O
may	O
have	O
with	O
your	O
financial	O
consultant	O
.	O
''	O


Dr.	O
Blumenfeld	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
remember	O
the	O
paragraph	O
about	O
premiums	O
in	O
the	O
fact	O
sheet	O
he	O
received	O
and	O
did	O
n't	O
realize	O
part	O
of	O
what	O
he	O
paid	O
was	O
a	O
premium	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
assumed	O
I	O
was	O
buying	O
a	O
CD	O
as	O
a	O
CD	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
Merrill	O
Lynch	O
has	O
agreed	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
thrift	O
that	O
issued	O
Dr.	O
Blumenfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
CD	O
,	O
Peoples	B-ORG
Heritage	I-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Savings	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Loan	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
in	O
Salina	B-GPE
,	O
Kan.	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
liquidated	O
and	O
the	O
CD	O
terminated	O
,	O
the	O
brokerage	O
firm	O
would	O
cover	O
the	O
premium	O
Dr.	O
Blumenfeld	B-PERSON
paid	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Federal	O
deposit	O
insurance	O
would	O
pay	O
principal	O
and	O
interest	O
accrued	O
to	O
the	O
date	O
of	O
liquidation	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
$	O
100,000	B-MONEY
.	O
-RRB-	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
blanket	O
commitment	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
by	O
-	O
case	O
situation	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Albert	B-PERSON
Disposti	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
managing	O
director	O
of	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
Money	I-ORG
Markets	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
There	O
's	O
a	O
question	O
whether	O
brokers	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
were	O
fully	O
aware	O
''	O
of	O
the	O
risks	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
were	O
n't	O
sure	O
that	O
full	O
disclosure	O
,	O
as	O
we	O
wanted	O
it	O
,	O
was	O
being	O
made	O
.	O
''	O


Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
says	O
it	O
's	O
impossible	O
to	O
estimate	O
how	O
many	O
investors	O
are	O
in	O
Dr.	O
Blumenfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
situation	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
says	O
the	O
firm	O
has	O
received	O
only	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
other	O
complaint	O
about	O
premiums	O
on	O
the	O
secondary	O
market	O
in	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
now	O
provides	O
credit	O
rating	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
institutions	O
whose	O
CDs	O
it	O
sells	O
,	O
which	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
provide	O
in	O
1986	B-DATE
.	O


Zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
CDs	O
are	O
only	O
a	O
small	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
-	O
plus	O
in	O
CDs	O
outstanding	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
purchased	O
on	O
the	O
secondary	O
market	O
are	O
an	O
even	O
smaller	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
.	O


Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
estimates	O
that	O
fewer	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
financial	O
institutions	O
currently	O
issue	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
CDs	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
several	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
CDs	O
with	O
various	O
maturities	O
outstanding	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
the	O
tax	O
consequences	O
of	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
investments	O
--	O
income	O
tax	O
is	O
payable	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
interest	O
is	O
accrued	O
,	O
although	O
interest	O
is	O
n't	O
actually	O
paid	O
until	O
maturity	O
--	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
CDs	O
are	O
usually	O
sold	O
for	O
tax	O
-	O
advantaged	O
accounts	O
to	O
finance	O
things	O
like	O
retirement	O
and	O
children	O
's	O
education	O
.	O


Most	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
CDs	O
are	O
in	O
maturities	O
of	O
six	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
nine	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
they	O
usually	O
double	O
in	O
value	O
by	O
maturity	O
.	O


But	O
investors	O
who	O
bought	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
CDs	O
in	O
the	O
secondary	O
market	O
are	O
n't	O
the	O
only	O
ones	O
who	O
may	O
be	O
surprised	O
to	O
learn	O
the	O
full	O
amount	O
of	O
their	O
investments	O
is	O
n't	O
insured	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
paid	O
a	O
premium	O
for	O
standard	O
CDs	O
purchased	O
on	O
the	O
secondary	O
market	O
could	O
also	O
find	O
that	O
those	O
premiums	O
are	O
n't	O
insured	O
if	O
the	O
institutions	O
that	O
issued	O
the	O
CDs	O
failed	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
those	O
premiums	O
are	O
usually	O
far	O
smaller	O
than	O
on	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
CDs	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
simpler	O
pricing	O
structure	O
of	O
a	O
standard	O
CD	O
makes	O
it	O
more	O
apparent	O
when	O
a	O
premium	O
is	O
paid	O
.	O


Whatever	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
a	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
spokesman	O
emphasizes	O
,	O
investors	O
should	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
the	O
uninsured	O
premium	O
issue	O
,	O
unless	O
the	O
bank	O
or	O
thrift	O
that	O
issued	O
the	O
CD	O
is	O
closed	O
and	O
its	O
deposits	O
paid	O
off	O
before	O
maturity	O
or	O
transferred	O
to	O
another	O
institution	O
at	O
a	O
lower	O
rate	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Blumenfeld	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
's	O
satisfied	O
that	O
his	O
problem	O
has	O
been	O
resolved	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
says	O
he	O
's	O
learned	O
a	O
lesson	O
:	O
``	O
You	O
always	O
have	O
to	O
watch	O
out	O
for	O
yourself	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
else	O
will	O
watch	O
out	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Americans	B-NORP
are	O
drinking	O
less	O
,	O
but	O
young	O
professionals	O
from	O
Australia	B-GPE
to	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
are	O
rushing	O
to	O
buy	O
premium	O
-	O
brand	O
American	B-NORP
vodka	O
,	O
brandy	O
and	O
other	O
spirits	O
.	O


In	O
particular	O
,	O
many	O
are	O
snubbing	O
the	O
scotch	O
preferred	O
by	O
their	O
parents	O
and	O
opting	O
for	O
bourbon	O
,	O
the	O
sweet	O
firewater	O
from	O
the	O
Kentucky	B-GPE
countryside	O
.	O


With	O
U.S.	B-GPE
liquor	O
consumption	O
declining	O
steadily	O
,	O
many	O
American	B-NORP
producers	O
are	O
stepping	O
up	O
their	O
marketing	O
efforts	O
abroad	O
.	O


And	O
those	O
efforts	O
are	O
paying	O
off	O
:	O
Spirits	O
exports	O
jumped	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
2	I-CARDINAL
1/2	I-CARDINAL
times	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
157.2	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
1988	B-DATE
from	O
$	B-MONEY
59.8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
1983	B-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Distilled	I-ORG
Spirits	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
trade	O
group	O
.	O


``	O
Spirits	O
companies	O
now	O
view	O
themselves	O
as	O
global	O
marketers	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Bellas	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Beverage	B-ORG
Marketing	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
research	O
and	O
consulting	O
firm	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
player	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
Europe	B-LOC
and	O
the	B-LOC
Far	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


You	O
must	O
have	O
world	O
-	O
class	O
brands	O
,	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
perspective	O
and	O
deep	O
pockets	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
internationalization	O
of	O
the	O
industry	O
has	O
been	O
hastened	O
by	O
foreign	O
companies	O
'	O
acquisitions	O
of	O
many	O
U.S.	B-GPE
producers	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Grand	B-ORG
Metropolitan	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
of	O
Britain	B-GPE
acquired	O
Heublein	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
while	O
another	O
British	B-NORP
company	O
,	O
Guinness	B-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
,	O
took	O
over	O
United	B-ORG
Distillers	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
and	O
Schenley	B-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
the	O
shift	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
fueled	O
by	O
necessity	O
.	O


While	O
premium	O
-	O
brand	O
spirits	O
like	O
Smirnoff	B-ORG
vodka	O
and	O
Jack	B-ORG
Daniel	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
whiskey	O
are	O
riding	O
high	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
domestic	O
spirits	O
consumption	O
fell	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
141.1	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
cases	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
from	O
166	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
cases	O
in	O
1979	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
growth	O
has	O
come	O
in	O
the	O
foreign	O
markets	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
brandy	O
exports	O
more	O
than	O
doubled	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
360,000	B-QUANTITY
proof	I-QUANTITY
gallons	I-QUANTITY
,	O
a	O
standard	O
industry	O
measure	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Jobson	B-ORG
Beverage	I-ORG
Alcohol	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
industry	O
association	O
.	O


Exports	O
of	O
rum	O
surged	O
54	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
814,000	B-QUANTITY
proof	I-QUANTITY
gallons	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Mexico	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
biggest	O
importer	O
of	O
both	O
rum	O
and	O
brandy	O
from	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
third	B-ORDINAL
-	O
largest	O
liquor	O
market	O
after	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Britain	B-GPE
,	O
helped	O
American	B-NORP
companies	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
when	O
it	O
lowered	O
its	O
tax	O
on	O
imported	O
spirits	O
and	O
levied	O
a	O
tax	O
on	O
many	O
domestic	O
products	O
.	O


California	B-GPE
wineries	O
,	O
benefiting	O
from	O
lowered	O
trade	O
barriers	O
and	O
federal	O
marketing	O
subsidies	O
,	O
are	O
expanding	O
aggressively	O
into	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Canada	B-GPE
and	O
Great	B-GPE
Britain	I-GPE
.	O


In	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
wineries	O
are	O
promoting	O
their	O
products	O
'	O
Pacific	B-LOC
roots	O
and	O
courting	O
restaurant	O
and	O
hotel	O
chefs	O
,	O
whose	O
recommendations	O
carry	O
weight	O
.	O


In	O
Australia	B-GPE
,	O
Britain	B-GPE
,	O
Canada	B-GPE
and	O
Greece	B-GPE
,	O
Brown	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Forman	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
has	O
increased	O
its	O
marketing	O
of	O
Southern	B-PRODUCT
Comfort	I-PRODUCT
Liqueur	I-PRODUCT
.	O


Using	O
cinema	O
,	O
television	O
and	O
print	O
ads	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
pitches	O
Southern	B-PRODUCT
Comfort	I-PRODUCT
as	O
a	O
grand	O
old	O
drink	O
of	O
the	O
antebellum	O
American	B-LOC
South	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
biggest	O
foreign	O
inroads	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
by	O
bourbon	O
.	O


While	O
U.S.	B-GPE
makers	O
of	O
vodka	O
,	O
rum	O
and	O
other	O
spirits	O
compete	O
against	O
powerhouses	O
abroad	O
,	O
trade	O
agreements	O
prohibit	O
any	O
other	O
country	O
from	O
making	O
bourbon	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
All	O
bourbon	O
comes	O
from	O
Kentucky	B-GPE
,	O
though	O
Jack	B-ORG
Daniel	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Tennessee	B-GPE
whiskey	O
often	O
is	O
counted	O
as	O
bourbon	O
because	O
of	O
similarity	O
of	O
taste	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Moreover	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
vodka	O
has	O
acquired	O
an	O
upscale	O
image	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
bourbon	O
has	O
become	O
fashionable	O
in	O
many	O
foreign	O
countries	O
,	O
a	O
uniquely	O
American	B-NORP
product	O
tied	O
to	O
frontier	O
folklore	O
.	O


How	O
was	O
the	O
West	O
won	O
?	O


With	O
a	O
six	B-CARDINAL
-	O
shooter	O
in	O
one	O
hand	O
and	O
bourbon	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
imagine	O
with	O
bourbon	O
the	B-LOC
Wild	I-LOC
West	I-LOC
,	O
Western	O
motion	O
pictures	O
and	O
gunmen	O
appearing	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Kenji	B-PERSON
Kishimoto	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
Suntory	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
division	O
of	O
Suntory	B-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
liquor	O
company	O
.	O


Suntory	B-ORG
distributes	O
Brown	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Forman	I-ORG
bourbons	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Bourbon	O
makes	O
up	O
just	B-PERCENT
1	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
spirits	O
consumption	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
represented	O
57	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
liquor	O
exports	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
Jobson	B-ORG
;	O
no	O
other	O
category	O
had	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
19	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Big	O
U.S.	B-GPE
distillers	O
are	O
fiercely	O
vying	O
for	O
this	O
market	O
,	O
which	O
grew	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
77	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
from	O
$	B-MONEY
33	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
government	O
figures	O
.	O


Jim	B-ORG
Beam	I-ORG
Brands	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
division	O
of	O
American	B-ORG
Brands	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
the	O
leading	O
exporter	O
of	O
bourbon	O
and	O
produces	O
10	B-CARDINAL
other	O
types	O
of	O
liquor	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
says	O
it	O
will	O
increase	O
its	O
international	O
advertising	O
35	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1990	B-DATE
,	O
with	O
bourbon	O
representing	O
most	O
of	O
that	O
amount	O
.	O


Guinness	B-ORG
's	O
Schenley	B-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
unit	O
has	O
increased	O
its	O
TV	O
advertising	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
has	O
built	O
partnerships	O
with	O
duty	O
-	O
free	O
shops	O
throughout	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
enabling	O
it	O
to	O
install	O
prominent	O
counter	O
displays	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
's	O
I.W.	B-PRODUCT
Harper	I-PRODUCT
brand	O
is	O
the	O
leading	O
bourbon	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


Bourbon	O
exporters	O
have	O
succeeded	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
where	O
other	O
industries	O
have	O
failed	O
,	O
avoiding	O
cultural	O
hitches	O
in	O
marketing	O
and	O
distribution	O
by	O
allying	O
themselves	O
with	O
local	O
agents	O
.	O


Jim	B-ORG
Beam	I-ORG
Brands	I-ORG
has	O
a	O
distribution	O
partnership	O
with	O
Nikka	B-ORG
Whiskey	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
distiller	O
.	O


Seagram	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
exports	O
Four	B-PRODUCT
Roses	I-PRODUCT
bourbon	O
,	O
has	O
such	O
a	O
link	O
with	O
Kirin	B-ORG
Brewery	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


Some	O
bourbon	O
makers	O
advertise	O
abroad	O
as	O
they	O
do	O
at	O
home	O
.	O


To	O
promote	O
Jack	B-ORG
Daniel	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
overseas	O
,	O
Brown	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Forman	I-ORG
uses	O
the	O
same	O
photos	O
of	O
front	O
porches	O
from	O
Lynchburg	B-GPE
,	O
Va.	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
avuncular	O
old	O
men	O
in	O
overalls	O
and	O
hightops	O
.	O


Jim	B-ORG
Beam	I-ORG
print	O
ads	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
strike	O
different	O
chords	O
in	O
different	O
countries	O
.	O


In	O
Australia	B-GPE
,	O
land	O
of	O
the	O
outback	O
,	O
a	O
snapshot	O
of	O
Jim	B-ORG
Beam	I-ORG
lies	O
on	O
a	O
strip	O
of	O
hand	O
-	O
tooled	O
leather	O
.	O


West	B-NORP
Germans	I-NORP
get	O
glitz	O
,	O
with	O
bourbon	O
in	O
the	O
foreground	O
and	O
a	O
posh	O
Beverly	B-GPE
Hills	I-GPE
hotel	O
in	O
the	O
background	O
.	O


Ads	O
for	O
England	B-GPE
are	O
artsy	O
and	O
irreverent	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
ad	O
features	O
a	O
huge	O
robot	O
carrying	O
a	O
voluptuous	O
woman	O
in	O
a	O
faint	O
.	O


The	O
tagline	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
only	O
asked	O
if	O
she	O
wanted	O
a	B-ORG
Jim	I-ORG
Beam	I-ORG
.	O


Weyerhaeuser	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
sold	O
its	O
wall	O
-	O
paneling	O
business	O
to	O
an	O
affiliate	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
wood	O
-	O
products	O
firms	O
.	O


Terms	O
of	O
the	O
transaction	O
were	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
.	O


Weyerhaeuser	B-ORG
said	O
its	O
paneling	O
business	O
employs	O
about	B-CARDINAL
300	I-CARDINAL
workers	O
at	O
two	B-CARDINAL
facilities	O
in	O
Chesapeake	B-GPE
,	O
Va.	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Hancock	B-GPE
,	O
Vt	B-GPE
.	O


Manville	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
will	O
build	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
24	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
power	O
plant	O
to	O
provide	O
electricity	O
to	O
its	O
Igaras	B-FAC
pulp	O
and	O
paper	O
mill	O
in	O
Brazil	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
company	O
said	O
the	O
plant	O
will	O
ensure	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
adequate	O
energy	O
for	O
the	O
mill	O
and	O
will	O
reduce	O
the	O
mill	O
's	O
energy	O
costs	O
.	O


Manville	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
expects	O
the	O
plant	O
to	O
begin	O
operating	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1991	I-DATE
.	O


Housing	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Urban	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Secretary	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Kemp	I-PERSON
called	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
System	I-ORG
to	O
lower	O
interest	O
rates	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
speech	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Mortgage	I-ORG
Bankers	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
Mr.	O
Kemp	B-PERSON
broke	O
the	O
administration	O
's	O
public	O
silence	O
on	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
and	O
complained	O
that	O
``	O
interest	O
rates	O
are	O
too	O
high	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
I	O
am	O
convinced	O
that	O
a	O
monetary	O
policy	O
for	O
this	O
country	O
that	O
would	O
return	O
interest	O
rates	O
to	O
the	O
historical	O
level	O
of	O
4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
or	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
would	O
have	O
not	O
only	O
an	O
immediate	O
impact	O
on	O
housing	O
starts	O
,	O
the	O
housing	O
stock	O
,	O
our	O
industry	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
refurbishing	O
of	O
our	O
industrial	O
system	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
help	O
the	O
Third	O
World	O
economies	O
considerably	O
and	O
it	O
would	O
particularly	O
have	O
a	O
favorable	O
impact	O
upon	O
our	O
budget	O
deficit	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Kemp	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


The	O
Fed	B-ORG
recently	O
eased	O
credit	O
by	O
lowering	O
the	O
bellwether	O
federal	O
funds	O
interest	O
rate	O
to	O
8	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
about	B-PERCENT
9	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
officials	O
say	O
inflation	O
is	O
under	O
control	O
.	O


With	O
economic	O
growth	O
slowing	O
,	O
they	O
say	O
they	O
believe	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
should	O
ease	O
credit	O
even	O
further	O
.	O


But	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
part	O
,	O
officials	O
have	O
avoided	O
expressing	O
those	O
views	O
in	O
public	O
,	O
fearing	O
they	O
would	O
unnecessarily	O
antagonize	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
.	O


Designer	O
Sandra	B-PERSON
Garratt	I-PERSON
filed	O
for	O
Chapter	B-LAW
7	I-LAW
Bankruptcy	I-LAW
Code	I-LAW
protection	O
,	O
saying	O
that	O
her	O
cash	O
flow	O
had	O
been	O
cut	O
off	O
.	O


The	O
designer	O
,	O
whose	O
line	O
of	O
modular	O
,	O
one	O
-	O
size	O
-	O
fits	O
-	O
all	O
clothing	O
has	O
spawned	O
a	O
host	O
of	O
clones	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
in	O
a	O
dispute	O
with	O
her	O
latest	O
licensee	O
,	O
Jerell	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
for	O
several	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


Ms.	O
Garratt	B-PERSON
was	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
a	O
Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
article	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
designer	O
's	O
attorney	O
,	O
Molly	B-PERSON
Bartholow	I-PERSON
,	O
said	O
that	O
Ms.	O
Garratt	B-PERSON
was	O
forced	O
to	O
start	O
bankruptcy	O
-	O
law	O
proceedings	O
because	O
Jerell	B-ORG
began	O
withholding	O
her	O
royalty	O
payments	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Jerell	B-ORG
paid	O
Ms.	O
Garratt	B-PERSON
royalties	O
for	O
the	O
line	O
known	O
as	O
Multiples	B-PRODUCT
by	I-PRODUCT
Sandra	I-PRODUCT
Garratt	I-PRODUCT
,	O
which	O
are	O
sold	O
primarily	O
through	O
department	O
stores	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Garratt	B-PERSON
sued	O
the	O
Dallas	B-GPE
apparel	O
maker	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
charging	O
that	O
Jerell	B-ORG
developed	O
and	O
marketed	O
clothing	O
lines	O
fashioned	O
after	O
her	O
designs	O
,	O
in	O
violation	O
of	O
their	O
contract	O
.	O


That	O
lawsuit	O
is	O
still	O
pending	O
.	O


Jerell	B-ORG
could	O
n't	O
immediately	O
be	O
reached	O
for	O
comment	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Garratt	B-PERSON
's	O
assets	O
and	O
liabilities	O
were	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
.	O


In	O
Poland	B-GPE
's	O
rapid	O
shift	O
from	O
socialism	O
to	O
an	O
undefined	O
alternative	O
,	O
environmental	O
issues	O
have	O
become	O
a	O
cutting	O
edge	O
of	O
broader	O
movements	O
to	O
restructure	O
the	O
economy	O
,	O
cut	O
cumbersome	O
bureaucracies	O
,	O
and	O
democratize	O
local	O
politics	O
.	O


Initial	O
steps	O
were	O
taken	O
at	O
Poland	B-GPE
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
international	O
environmental	O
conference	O
,	O
which	O
I	O
attended	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
conference	O
,	O
held	O
in	O
Lower	B-LOC
Silesia	I-LOC
,	O
was	O
co-sponsored	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Environment	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Rockefeller	I-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
Polish	B-NORP
Ecological	B-ORG
Club	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
was	O
attended	O
by	O
50	B-CARDINAL
Poles	B-NORP
from	O
government	O
and	O
industry	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Hungarians	B-NORP
,	O
Czechs	B-NORP
,	O
Russians	B-NORP
,	O
Japanese	B-NORP
and	O
Americans	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
conference	O
was	O
entitled	O
``	O
Economic	B-EVENT
Mechanisms	I-EVENT
for	I-EVENT
Environmental	I-EVENT
Protection	I-EVENT
,	O
''	O
a	O
significant	O
departure	O
from	O
East	B-LOC
Bloc	I-LOC
usage	O
,	O
which	O
recognizes	O
only	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
economic	O
mechanism	O
--	O
central	O
planning	O
--	O
to	O
direct	O
industrial	O
behavior	O
.	O


Even	O
more	O
remarkably	O
,	O
it	O
focused	O
on	O
emissions	O
trading	O
and	O
similar	O
market	O
approaches	O
to	O
address	O
pollution	O
,	O
notwithstanding	O
Poland	B-GPE
's	O
lack	O
of	O
functioning	O
markets	O
.	O


Why	O
did	O
East	B-LOC
Bloc	I-LOC
participants	O
unanimously	O
endorse	O
market	O
-	O
based	O
pollution	O
approaches	O
?	O


The	O
answer	O
lies	O
both	O
in	O
the	O
degraded	O
environment	O
of	O
these	O
countries	O
and	O
the	O
perceived	O
causes	O
of	O
that	O
degradation	O
.	O


Like	O
other	O
East	B-LOC
Bloc	I-LOC
countries	O
,	O
Poland	B-GPE
possesses	O
environmental	O
laws	O
more	O
honored	O
in	O
their	O
breach	O
than	O
in	O
their	O
observance	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
a	O
detailed	O
report	O
by	O
Zbigniew	B-PERSON
Bochniarz	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Minnesota	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Hubert	B-ORG
Humphrey	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
,	O
27	B-CARDINAL
areas	O
containing	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
of	O
Poland	B-GPE
's	O
population	O
are	O
regarded	O
as	O
``	O
ecological	O
hazards	O
''	O
due	O
to	O
multiple	O
violations	O
of	O
standards	O
.	O


Norms	O
are	O
consistently	O
exceeded	O
at	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
nitrogen	O
oxide	O
monitoring	O
sites	O
and	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
those	O
for	O
dust	O
and	O
soot	O
emissions	O
.	O


Four	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
fifths	I-CARDINAL
of	O
Poland	B-GPE
's	O
soils	O
have	O
become	O
highly	O
acidified	O
;	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
southern	O
forests	O
are	O
projected	O
to	O
die	O
by	O
century	B-DATE
's	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
.	O


Between	B-DATE
1965	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
1985	I-DATE
,	O
Polish	B-NORP
waters	O
fit	O
for	O
human	O
consumption	O
dropped	O
from	O
33	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
6	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
all	O
surface	O
waters	O
,	O
while	O
those	O
unfit	O
even	O
for	O
industry	O
use	O
nearly	O
doubled	O
.	O


Poland	B-GPE
produces	O
about	B-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
times	O
more	O
soot	O
and	O
five	B-CARDINAL
times	O
more	O
sulfur	O
dioxide	O
and	O
solid	O
waste	O
per	O
unit	O
of	O
gross	O
national	O
product	O
than	O
does	O
Western	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
.	O


Its	O
mortality	O
rate	O
for	O
males	O
over	O
35	B-DATE
is	O
about	B-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
higher	O
than	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
higher	O
in	O
hazard	O
areas	O
than	O
the	O
national	O
average	O
.	O


Since	O
1978	B-DATE
,	O
average	O
annual	O
growth	O
rates	O
for	O
most	O
pollutants	O
have	O
outstripped	O
the	O
growth	O
of	O
GNP	O
.	O


Conference	O
participants	O
saw	O
these	O
effects	O
as	O
flowing	O
directly	O
from	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
-RRB-	O
Marxist	B-NORP
devaluation	O
of	O
environmental	O
resources	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
not	O
produced	O
by	O
labor	O
;	O
-LRB-	O
b	O
-RRB-	O
planned	O
economies	O
'	O
inability	O
to	O
control	O
pollution	O
where	O
enterprises	O
are	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
and	O
penalties	O
are	O
paid	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
;	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
c	O
-RRB-	O
the	O
continuing	O
Stalinist	B-NORP
emphasis	O
on	O
heavy	O
industry	O
for	O
economic	O
development	O
,	O
producing	O
a	O
far	O
heavier	O
and	O
more	O
wasteful	O
use	O
of	O
energy	O
and	O
natural	O
resources	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
West	O
.	O


They	O
repeatedly	O
noted	O
that	O
environmental	O
progress	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
secured	O
without	O
true	O
ownership	O
,	O
genuine	O
competition	O
based	O
on	O
market	O
factors	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
bankruptcy	O
if	O
a	O
business	O
makes	O
the	O
wrong	O
decisions	O
.	O


The	O
solutions	O
they	O
formally	O
proposed	O
included	O
lead	O
/	O
sulfur	O
taxes	O
,	O
conservation	O
and	O
recycling	O
incentives	O
,	O
reforestation	O
offsets	O
,	O
transferable	O
pollution	O
permits	O
,	O
an	O
ecological	O
bank	O
to	O
finance	O
pollution	O
-	O
reduction	O
credits	O
,	O
and	O
debt	O
-	O
for	O
-	O
environment	O
swaps	O
.	O


But	O
their	O
most	O
fundamental	O
recommendation	O
was	O
to	O
separate	O
industry	O
from	O
the	O
state	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
fully	O
accountable	O
for	O
pollution	O
control	O
.	O


A	O
revolution	O
takes	O
more	O
than	O
conference	O
manifestos	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
skepticism	O
was	O
amply	O
captured	O
by	O
a	O
joke	O
told	O
by	O
Poles	B-NORP
at	O
the	O
conference	O
:	O
``	O
The	O
world	O
must	O
be	O
coming	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
.	O


The	O
Russians	B-NORP
are	O
talking	O
peace	O
.	O


The	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
are	O
talking	O
elections	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Poles	B-NORP
are	O
engaged	O
in	O
commerce	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
implications	O
of	O
such	O
a	O
shift	O
to	O
market	O
approaches	O
go	O
well	O
beyond	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
Poland	B-GPE
is	O
already	O
working	O
on	O
nationwide	O
emissions	O
trades	O
to	O
reduce	O
smelter	O
pollution	O
,	O
or	O
that	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
plan	O
to	O
introduce	O
marketable	O
pollution	O
permits	O
in	O
some	O
republics	B-GPE
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Those	O
implications	O
include	O
:	O
--	O
Privatization	O
.	O


Faced	O
with	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
foreign	O
debt	O
and	O
skyrocketing	O
inflation	O
,	O
Poland	B-GPE
must	O
privatize	O
industry	O
and	O
eliminate	O
subsidies	O
to	O
stabilize	O
its	O
currency	O
and	O
qualify	O
for	O
international	O
assistance	O
.	O


Market	O
-	O
based	O
pollution	O
control	O
may	O
consume	O
some	O
capital	O
that	O
would	O
otherwise	O
purchase	O
state	O
industries	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
could	O
also	O
accelerate	O
``	O
marketization	O
''	O
by	O
reinforcing	O
industrial	O
accountability	O
,	O
breaking	O
up	O
state	O
monopolies	O
,	O
giving	O
managers	O
a	O
stake	O
in	O
solutions	O
,	O
and	O
ensuring	O
that	O
modernization	O
is	O
not	O
reversible	O
for	O
failure	O
to	O
address	O
environmental	O
effects	O
.	O


--	O
Least	O
-	O
cost	O
solutions	O
.	O


As	O
conferees	O
noted	O
,	O
scarce	O
capital	O
means	O
the	O
costs	O
of	O
control	O
must	O
be	O
minimized	O
through	O
a	O
broad	O
menu	O
of	O
compliance	O
choices	O
for	O
individual	O
firms	O
.	O


That	O
means	O
simple	O
,	O
clear	O
rules	O
that	O
secure	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
large	O
blocks	O
of	O
reduction	O
,	O
deferring	O
more	O
complex	O
issues	O
such	O
as	O
risk	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
means	O
use	O
of	O
quantity	O
-	O
based	O
pollution	O
limits	O
such	O
as	O
transferable	O
permits	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
price	O
-	O
based	O
limits	O
such	O
as	O
effluent	O
fees	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
because	O
quota	O
-	O
trained	O
managers	O
will	O
likely	O
respond	O
better	O
to	O
quantity	O
than	O
to	O
price	O
signals	O
.	O


--	O
Creative	O
financing	O
.	O


Even	O
least	O
-	O
cost	O
environmental	O
solutions	O
will	O
require	O
billions	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


New	O
types	O
of	O
financing	O
must	O
make	O
funds	O
available	O
without	O
draining	O
Poland	B-GPE
's	O
hard	O
-	O
currency	O
reserves	O
.	O


--	O
Democratization	O
.	O


East	B-LOC
Bloc	I-LOC
pollution	O
data	O
typically	O
have	O
been	O
state	O
secrets	O
.	O


While	O
Polish	B-NORP
data	O
have	O
been	O
freely	O
available	O
since	O
1980	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
was	O
no	O
accident	O
that	O
participants	O
urged	O
the	O
free	O
flow	O
of	O
information	O
.	O


For	O
once	O
information	O
flows	O
,	O
public	O
participation	O
follows	O
and	O
repression	O
becomes	O
difficult	O
to	O
reimpose	O
.	O


--	O
Global	O
reciprocity	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
participant	O
prematurely	O
declared	O
that	O
America	B-GPE
has	O
had	O
a	O
free	O
market	O
in	O
goods	O
but	O
a	O
planned	O
economy	O
for	O
environmental	O
protection	O
,	O
while	O
Poland	B-GPE
represents	O
the	O
opposite	O
.	O


His	O
point	O
:	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
increasingly	O
difficult	O
for	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
to	O
cling	O
to	O
command	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
control	O
measures	O
if	O
even	O
the	O
East	B-LOC
Bloc	I-LOC
steps	O
to	O
a	O
different	O
drummer	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
moment	O
,	O
Poland	B-GPE
resembles	O
19th	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
Pittsburgh	B-GPE
more	O
than	O
a	O
modern	O
industrial	O
society	O
--	O
with	O
antiquated	O
production	O
,	O
inadequate	O
environmental	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
little	O
ecological	O
awareness	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
continuing	O
pressures	O
for	O
free	O
-	O
market	O
economics	O
suggest	O
the	O
conference	O
's	O
vision	O
was	O
not	O
all	O
fantasy	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Levin	B-PERSON
,	O
former	O
head	O
of	O
EPA	B-ORG
's	O
regulatory	O
reform	O
staff	O
,	O
adapted	O
this	O
from	O
his	O
November	B-DATE
column	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Air	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Waste	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
.	O


Why	O
ca	O
n't	O
we	O
teach	O
our	O
children	O
to	O
read	O
,	O
write	O
and	O
reckon	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
that	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
,	O
because	O
we	O
do	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
that	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
reason	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
is	O
that	O
effective	O
education	O
would	O
require	O
us	O
to	O
relinquish	O
some	O
cherished	O
metaphysical	O
beliefs	O
about	O
human	O
nature	O
in	O
general	O
and	O
the	O
human	O
nature	O
of	O
young	O
people	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
violate	O
some	O
cherished	O
vested	O
interests	O
.	O


These	O
beliefs	O
so	O
dominate	O
our	O
educational	O
establishment	O
,	O
our	O
media	O
,	O
our	O
politicians	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
our	O
parents	O
that	O
it	O
seems	O
almost	O
blasphemous	O
to	O
challenge	O
them	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
an	O
example	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
were	O
to	O
ask	O
a	O
sample	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
parents	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
wish	O
the	O
elementary	O
schools	O
to	O
encourage	O
creativity	O
in	O
your	O
children	O
?	O
''	O
the	O
near	O
-	O
unanimous	O
answer	O
would	O
be	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
what	O
do	O
we	O
mean	O
,	O
specifically	O
,	O
by	O
``	O
creativity	O
''	O
?	O


No	O
one	O
can	O
say	O
.	O


In	O
practice	O
,	O
it	O
ends	O
up	O
being	O
equated	O
with	O
a	O
``	O
self	O
-	O
expression	O
''	O
that	O
encourages	O
the	O
youngsters	O
'	O
``	O
self	O
-	O
esteem	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
result	O
is	O
a	O
generation	O
of	O
young	O
people	O
whose	O
ignorance	O
and	O
intellectual	O
incompetence	O
is	O
matched	O
only	O
by	O
their	O
good	O
opinion	O
of	O
themselves	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
notion	O
of	O
``	O
creativity	O
''	O
in	O
education	O
was	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
is	O
-RRB-	O
part	O
and	O
parcel	O
of	O
a	O
romantic	O
rebellion	O
against	O
disciplined	O
instruction	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
is	O
-RRB-	O
regarded	O
as	O
``	O
authoritarian	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
repression	O
and	O
frustration	O
of	O
the	O
latent	O
talents	O
and	O
the	O
wonderful	O
,	O
if	O
as	O
yet	O
undefined	O
,	O
potentialities	O
inherent	O
in	O
the	O
souls	O
of	O
all	O
our	O
children	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
surprising	O
that	O
parents	O
find	O
this	O
romantic	O
extravagance	O
so	O
attractive	O
.	O


Fortunately	O
,	O
these	O
same	O
parents	O
do	O
want	O
their	O
children	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
decent	O
education	O
as	O
traditionally	O
understood	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
have	O
enough	O
common	O
sense	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
that	O
demands	O
.	O


Their	O
commitment	O
to	O
``	O
creativity	O
''	O
can	O
not	O
survive	O
adolescent	O
illiteracy	O
.	O


American	B-NORP
education	O
's	O
future	O
will	O
be	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
degree	O
to	O
which	O
we	O
--	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
--	O
allow	O
this	O
common	O
sense	O
to	O
prevail	O
over	O
the	O
illusions	O
that	O
we	O
also	O
share	O
.	O


The	O
education	O
establishment	O
will	O
fight	O
against	O
common	O
sense	O
every	O
inch	O
of	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


The	O
reasons	O
are	O
complex	O
,	O
but	O
one	B-CARDINAL
simple	O
reason	O
ought	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
underestimated	O
.	O


``	O
Progressive	O
education	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
once	O
called	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
far	O
more	O
interesting	O
and	O
agreeable	O
to	O
teachers	O
than	O
is	O
disciplined	O
instruction	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
nice	O
for	O
teachers	O
to	O
think	O
they	O
are	O
engaged	O
in	O
``	O
personality	O
development	O
''	O
and	O
even	O
nicer	O
to	O
minimize	O
those	O
irksome	O
tests	O
with	O
often	O
disappointing	O
results	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
provides	O
teachers	O
with	O
a	O
superior	O
self	O
-	O
definition	O
as	O
a	O
``	O
profession	O
,	O
''	O
since	O
they	O
will	O
have	O
passed	O
courses	O
in	O
educational	O
psychology	O
and	O
educational	O
philosophy	O
.	O


I	O
myself	O
took	O
such	O
courses	O
in	O
college	O
,	O
thinking	O
I	O
might	O
end	O
up	O
a	O
schoolteacher	O
.	O


They	O
could	O
all	O
fairly	O
be	O
described	O
as	O
``	O
pap	O
''	O
courses	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
unfair	O
to	O
dump	O
on	O
teachers	O
,	O
as	O
distinct	O
from	O
the	O
educational	O
establishment	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
many	O
schoolteachers	O
and	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
whole	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
seriously	O
committed	O
to	O
conscientious	O
teaching	O
.	O


They	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
among	O
the	O
``	O
best	O
and	O
brightest	O
''	O
of	O
their	O
generation	O
--	O
there	O
are	O
very	O
few	O
such	O
people	O
,	O
by	O
definition	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
need	O
not	O
be	O
to	O
do	O
their	O
jobs	O
well	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
we	O
all	O
can	O
remember	O
one	B-CARDINAL
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
truly	O
inspiring	O
teachers	O
from	O
our	B-DATE
school	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
our	O
education	O
proceeded	O
at	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
those	O
others	O
,	O
who	O
were	O
merely	O
competent	O
and	O
conscientious	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
sense	O
,	O
a	O
teacher	O
can	O
be	O
compared	O
to	O
one	O
's	O
family	O
doctor	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
were	O
brilliant	O
,	O
he	O
probably	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
a	O
family	O
doctor	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
is	O
competent	O
and	O
conscientious	O
,	O
he	O
serves	O
us	O
well	O
.	O


Our	O
teachers	O
are	O
not	O
an	O
important	O
factor	O
in	O
our	O
educational	O
crisis	O
.	O


Whether	O
they	O
are	O
or	O
are	O
not	O
underpaid	O
is	O
a	O
problem	O
of	O
equity	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
educational	O
problem	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
silly	O
libel	O
on	O
our	O
teachers	O
to	O
think	O
they	O
would	O
educate	O
our	O
children	O
better	O
if	O
only	O
they	O
got	O
a	B-MONEY
few	I-MONEY
thousand	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
more	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
libel	O
the	O
teachers	O
'	O
unions	O
do	O
n't	O
mind	O
spreading	O
,	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
narrow	O
purposes	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
libel	O
politicians	O
find	O
useful	O
,	O
since	O
it	O
helps	O
them	O
strike	O
a	O
friendly	O
posture	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
an	O
important	O
constituency	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
not	O
one	B-CARDINAL
shred	O
of	O
evidence	O
that	O
,	O
other	O
things	O
being	O
equal	O
,	O
salary	O
differentials	O
result	O
in	O
educational	O
differentials	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
were	O
such	O
evidence	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
sure	O
you	O
would	O
have	O
heard	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
wish	O
to	O
be	O
serious	O
about	O
American	B-NORP
education	O
,	O
we	O
know	O
exactly	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
--	O
and	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
important	O
,	O
what	O
not	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
many	O
successful	O
schools	O
scattered	O
throughout	O
this	O
nation	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
poorest	O
of	O
ghettos	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
all	O
sending	O
us	O
the	O
same	O
message	O
.	O


Conversely	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
unsuccessful	O
schools	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
know	O
which	O
efforts	O
at	O
educational	O
reform	O
are	O
doomed	O
beforehand	O
.	O


We	O
really	O
do	O
know	O
all	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
know	O
,	O
if	O
only	O
we	O
could	O
assimilate	O
this	O
knowledge	O
into	O
our	O
thinking	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
respect	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
helpful	O
if	O
our	O
political	O
leaders	O
were	O
mute	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
eloquently	O
``	O
concerned	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
are	O
inevitably	O
inclined	O
to	O
echo	O
the	O
conventional	O
pap	O
,	O
since	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
least	O
controversial	O
option	O
that	O
is	O
open	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Thus	O
at	O
the	O
recent	O
governors	O
'	O
conference	O
on	O
education	O
,	O
Gov.	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
of	O
Arkansas	B-GPE
announced	O
that	O
``	O
this	O
country	O
needs	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
child	O
-	O
development	O
policy	O
for	O
children	O
under	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
.	O
''	O


A	O
comprehensive	O
development	O
policy	O
for	O
governors	O
over	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
would	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
more	O
pressing	O
need	O
.	O


What	O
Gov.	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
is	O
advocating	O
,	O
in	O
effect	O
,	O
is	O
extending	O
the	O
educational	O
system	O
down	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
pre-kindergarten	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Whether	O
desirable	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
child	O
-	O
care	O
program	O
,	O
not	O
an	O
educational	O
program	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
very	O
early	O
exposure	O
to	O
schooling	O
improves	O
performance	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
grade	O
,	O
but	O
afterward	O
the	O
difference	O
is	O
quickly	O
washed	O
away	O
.	O


Let	O
us	O
sum	O
up	O
what	O
we	O
do	O
know	O
about	O
education	O
and	O
about	O
those	O
education	O
reforms	O
that	O
do	O
work	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
work	O
:	O
--	O
``	O
Parental	O
involvement	O
''	O
is	O
a	O
bad	O
idea	O
.	O


Parents	O
are	O
too	O
likely	O
to	O
blame	O
schools	O
for	O
the	O
educational	O
limitations	O
of	O
their	O
children	O
.	O


Parents	O
should	O
be	O
involved	O
with	O
their	O
children	O
's	O
education	O
at	O
home	O
,	O
not	O
in	O
school	O
.	O


They	O
should	O
see	O
to	O
it	O
that	O
their	O
kids	O
do	O
n't	O
play	O
truant	O
;	O
they	O
should	O
make	O
certain	O
that	O
the	O
children	O
spend	O
enough	O
time	O
doing	O
homework	O
;	O
they	O
should	O
scrutinize	O
the	O
report	O
card	O
.	O


If	O
parents	O
are	O
dissatisfied	O
with	O
a	O
school	O
,	O
they	O
should	O
have	O
the	O
option	O
of	O
switching	O
to	O
another	O
.	O


--	O
``	O
Community	O
involvement	O
''	O
is	O
an	O
even	O
worse	O
idea	O
.	O


Here	O
,	O
the	O
experience	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
is	O
decisive	O
.	O


Locally	O
elected	O
school	O
boards	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
our	O
larger	O
cities	O
,	O
become	O
the	O
prey	O
of	O
ambitious	O
,	O
generally	O
corrupt	O
,	O
and	O
invariably	O
demagogic	O
local	O
politicians	O
or	O
would	O
-	O
be	O
politicians	O
.	O


New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
is	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
disengage	O
itself	O
from	O
a	O
20	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
commitment	O
to	O
this	O
system	O
of	O
school	O
governance	O
,	O
even	O
as	O
Chicago	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
cities	O
are	O
moving	O
to	O
institute	O
it	O
.	O


--	O
In	O
most	O
states	B-GPE
,	O
increasing	O
expenditures	O
on	O
education	O
,	O
in	O
our	O
current	O
circumstances	O
,	O
will	O
probably	O
make	O
things	O
worse	O
,	O
not	O
better	O
.	O


The	O
reason	O
is	O
simple	O
:	O
Education	O
takes	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
classroom	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
money	O
is	O
minimal	O
.	O


Decades	O
of	O
educational	O
research	O
tell	O
us	O
unequivocally	O
that	O
even	O
smaller	O
classes	O
have	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
effect	O
on	O
the	O
academic	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
pupils	O
--	O
though	O
they	O
may	O
sometimes	O
be	O
desirable	O
for	O
other	O
reasons	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
money	O
flows	O
into	O
the	O
already	O
top	O
-	O
heavy	O
administrative	O
structure	O
,	O
which	O
busies	O
itself	O
piling	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
paper	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
teachers	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
neither	O
mystery	O
nor	O
paradox	O
in	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
as	O
educational	O
expenditures	O
-LRB-	O
in	O
real	O
terms	O
-RRB-	O
have	O
increased	O
sharply	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
--	O
we	O
now	O
spend	O
more	O
per	O
pupil	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
country	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
--	O
educational	O
performance	O
has	O
declined	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
system	O
works	O
.	O


--	O
Students	O
should	O
move	O
up	O
the	O
educational	O
ladder	O
as	O
their	O
academic	O
potential	O
allows	O
.	O


No	O
student	O
should	O
be	O
permitted	O
to	O
be	O
graduated	O
from	O
elementary	O
school	O
without	O
having	O
mastered	O
the	O
3	B-CARDINAL
R	O
's	O
at	O
the	O
level	O
that	O
prevailed	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
means	O
``	O
tracking	O
,	O
''	O
whose	O
main	O
purpose	O
is	O
less	O
to	O
permit	O
the	O
gifted	O
youngsters	O
to	O
flourish	O
-LRB-	O
though	O
that	O
is	O
clearly	O
desirable	O
-RRB-	O
than	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
the	O
less	O
gifted	O
get	O
the	O
necessary	O
grounding	O
for	O
further	O
study	O
or	O
for	O
entering	O
the	O
modern	O
world	O
of	O
work	O
.	O


The	O
notion	O
that	O
tracking	O
is	O
somehow	O
``	O
undemocratic	O
''	O
is	O
absurd	O
.	O


The	O
purpose	O
of	O
education	O
is	O
to	O
encourage	O
young	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
to	O
realize	O
their	O
full	O
academic	O
potential	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
in	O
his	O
right	O
mind	O
actually	O
believes	O
that	O
we	O
all	O
have	O
an	O
equal	O
academic	O
potential	O
.	O


--	O
It	O
is	O
generally	O
desirable	O
to	O
use	O
older	O
textbooks	O
--	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
alas	O
,	O
out	O
of	O
print	O
--	O
rather	O
than	O
newer	O
ones	O
.	O


The	O
latter	O
are	O
modish	O
,	O
trendy	O
,	O
often	O
downright	O
silly	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
best	O
insubstantial	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
dubious	O
psychological	O
and	O
sociological	O
theories	O
rather	O
than	O
on	O
educational	O
experience	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
reasons	O
American	B-NORP
students	O
do	O
so	O
poorly	O
in	O
math	O
tests	O
,	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
British	B-NORP
,	O
French	B-NORP
,	O
German	B-NORP
or	O
Japanese	B-NORP
students	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
``	O
New	O
Math	O
''	O
on	O
American	B-NORP
textbooks	O
and	O
teaching	O
methods	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
wants	O
to	O
appreciate	O
just	O
how	O
bizarre	O
this	O
situation	O
is	O
--	O
with	O
students	O
who	O
ca	O
n't	O
add	O
or	O
subtract	O
``	O
learning	O
''	O
the	O
conceptual	O
basis	O
of	O
mathematical	O
theory	O
--	O
should	O
read	O
the	O
article	O
by	O
Caleb	B-PERSON
Nelson	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
himself	O
a	O
recent	O
math	O
major	O
at	O
Harvard	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
in	O
the	O
November	B-DATE
American	B-ORG
Spectator	I-ORG
.	O


--	O
Most	O
important	O
of	O
all	O
,	O
schools	O
should	O
have	O
principals	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
measure	O
of	O
authority	O
over	O
the	O
faculty	O
,	O
the	O
curriculum	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
matters	O
of	O
student	O
discipline	O
.	O


Study	O
after	O
study	O
--	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Brookings	I-ORG
Institution	I-ORG
--	O
tells	O
us	O
that	O
the	O
best	O
schools	O
are	O
those	O
that	O
are	O
free	O
of	O
outside	O
interference	O
and	O
are	O
governed	O
by	O
a	O
powerful	O
head	O
.	O


With	O
that	O
authority	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
goes	O
an	O
unambiguous	O
accountability	O
.	O


Schools	O
that	O
are	O
structured	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
produce	O
students	O
with	O
higher	O
morale	O
and	O
superior	O
academic	O
performance	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
fact	O
--	O
though	O
,	O
in	O
view	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
feathers	O
that	O
are	O
ruffled	O
by	O
this	O
fact	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
surprising	O
that	O
one	O
hears	O
so	O
little	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kristol	B-PERSON
,	O
an	O
American	B-ORG
Enterprise	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
fellow	O
,	O
co-edits	O
The	B-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Interest	I-ORG
and	O
publishes	O
The	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Interest	I-ORG
.	O


International	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Machines	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
unveiled	O
a	O
broad	O
strategy	O
to	O
tackle	O
the	O
biggest	O
problem	O
that	O
manufacturers	O
face	O
when	O
computerizing	O
their	O
operations	O
:	O
Most	O
machines	O
ca	O
n't	O
talk	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
unveiled	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
products	O
,	O
mostly	O
software	O
,	O
that	O
are	O
designed	O
to	O
integrate	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
areas	O
of	O
a	O
manufacturing	O
operation	O
--	O
the	O
plant	O
floor	O
,	O
design	O
operations	O
and	O
production	O
planning	O
.	O


The	O
aim	O
,	O
ultimately	O
,	O
is	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
flow	O
of	O
information	O
into	O
a	O
manufacturer	O
's	O
main	O
computer	O
network	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
business	O
planning	O
,	O
marketing	O
and	O
other	O
operations	O
.	O


Manufacturers	O
have	O
already	O
spent	O
so	O
heavily	O
on	O
automation	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
computer	O
industry	O
's	O
leading	O
revenue	O
sources	O
.	O


But	O
many	O
manufacturers	O
find	O
that	O
communication	O
between	O
different	O
computers	O
has	O
been	O
rendered	O
nearly	O
impossible	O
by	O
the	O
babel	O
of	O
computer	O
languages	O
used	O
by	O
different	O
machines	O
,	O
including	O
robots	O
and	O
machine	O
tools	O
.	O


IBM	B-ORG
's	O
announcement	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
expected	O
and	O
will	O
formally	O
be	O
made	O
to	O
customers	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
also	O
marks	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
gain	O
credibility	O
on	O
the	O
plant	O
floor	O
,	O
where	O
Digital	B-ORG
Equipment	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
has	O
long	O
dominated	O
and	O
where	O
Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
has	O
recently	O
gained	O
market	O
share	O
.	O


Consultants	O
have	O
said	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
take	O
a	O
while	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
pieces	O
of	O
the	O
IBM	B-ORG
strategy	O
to	O
fall	O
into	O
place	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
specific	O
products	O
IBM	B-ORG
unveiled	O
will	O
generally	O
be	O
available	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O


Sam	B-PERSON
Albert	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
consultant	O
in	O
Scarsdale	B-GPE
,	O
N.Y.	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
IBM	B-ORG
has	O
developed	O
broad	O
software	O
strategies	O
only	O
for	O
problems	O
that	O
crossed	O
industry	O
lines	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
he	O
believes	O
IBM	B-ORG
's	O
decision	O
to	O
invest	O
this	O
sort	O
of	O
effort	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
industry	O
showed	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
getting	O
serious	O
about	O
understanding	O
customers	O
'	O
problems	O
and	O
was	O
n't	O
just	O
selling	O
technology	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
he	O
expects	O
IBM	B-ORG
to	O
unveil	O
similar	O
strategies	O
for	O
other	O
industries	O
in	O
coming	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


IBM	B-ORG
's	O
push	O
is	O
also	O
unusual	O
in	O
its	O
approach	O
to	O
marketing	O
.	O


Rather	O
than	O
just	O
send	O
out	O
marketing	O
people	O
to	O
knock	O
on	O
customers	O
'	O
doors	O
,	O
IBM	B-ORG
is	O
making	O
several	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
own	O
manufacturing	O
people	O
available	O
to	O
discuss	O
specific	O
needs	O
.	O


IBM	B-ORG
's	O
manufacturing	O
staff	O
also	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
provide	O
software	O
that	O
IBM	B-ORG
has	O
developed	O
internally	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
form	O
teams	O
with	O
a	O
customer	O
to	O
jointly	O
solve	O
manufacturing	O
problems	O
.	O


IBM	B-ORG
can	O
obviously	O
bring	O
its	O
expertise	O
to	O
bear	O
on	O
problems	O
related	O
to	O
computer	O
manufacturing	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
could	O
also	O
help	O
customers	O
on	O
software	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
such	O
things	O
as	O
changes	O
in	O
engineering	O
documents	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
may	O
not	O
have	O
every	O
manufacturing	O
problem	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
have	O
most	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
George	B-PERSON
Conrades	I-PERSON
,	O
IBM	B-ORG
's	O
top	O
marketing	O
official	O
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Big	O
Four	O
securities	O
firms	O
posted	O
first	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
unconsolidated	O
results	O
that	O
mirrored	O
softer	O
performance	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
slower	O
turnover	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Tokyo	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
during	O
July	B-DATE
and	O
August	B-DATE
.	O


Figures	O
for	O
the	O
period	O
ended	O
Sept.	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
for	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
largest	O
brokerage	O
firms	O
--	O
Nomura	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Daiwa	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Yamaichi	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
Nikko	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
--	O
also	O
reflected	O
a	O
changeover	O
to	O
a	B-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
ending	I-DATE
March	I-DATE
31	I-DATE
,	O
replacing	O
the	O
12	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
term	O
formerly	O
finishing	O
Sept.	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
brokerage	O
house	O
officials	O
said	O
,	O
appropriate	O
comparisons	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
were	O
unavailable	O
.	O


Operating	O
profit	O
,	O
pretax	O
profit	O
and	O
net	O
income	O
results	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
were	O
provided	O
for	O
the	O
immediately	O
preceding	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
period	O
.	O


The	O
statistics	O
follow	O
a	O
year	O
-	O
on	O
-	O
year	B-DATE
rebound	O
in	O
consolidated	O
and	O
unconsolidated	O
results	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
full	I-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
March	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
,	O
recovering	O
from	O
dismal	O
results	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
prior	I-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
October	B-DATE
1987	I-DATE
stock	O
market	O
crash	O
.	O


Nomura	B-ORG
said	O
its	O
pretax	O
profits	O
inched	O
up	O
0.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
248.91	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
US$	B-MONEY
1.75	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
from	O
246.60	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
in	O
the	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
March	I-DATE
31	I-DATE
.	O


Total	O
operating	O
profit	O
fell	O
3.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
486.1	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
501.61	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Net	O
income	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
rose	O
3.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
107.87	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
103.98	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Per	O
-	O
share	O
net	O
rose	O
to	O
55.10	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
54.51	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Daiwa	B-ORG
said	O
its	O
pretax	O
profits	O
surged	O
9.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
171.04	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
156.12	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
in	O
the	O
preceding	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
term	O
.	O


Operating	O
profit	O
rose	O
5.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
332.38	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
315.12	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Net	O
income	O
jumped	O
21	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
79.03	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
65.53	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Per	O
-	O
share	O
net	O
rose	O
to	O
62.04	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
51.50	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Yamaichi	B-ORG
said	O
its	O
pretax	O
profit	O
increased	O
8.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
117.94	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
108.28	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Operating	O
profit	O
rose	O
5.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
279.75	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
265.79	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Net	O
income	O
surged	O
21	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
55.59	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
46.02	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Per	O
-	O
share	O
net	O
rose	O
to	O
47.46	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
39.31	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Nikko	B-ORG
's	O
pretax	O
profit	O
rose	O
1.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
130.25	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
128.19	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Operating	O
profit	O
rose	O
4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
293.29	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
282.08	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Net	O
income	O
rose	O
23	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
63.52	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
51.65	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Per	O
-	O
share	O
net	O
rose	O
to	O
44.08	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
36.13	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Francis	B-PERSON
D.	I-PERSON
John	I-PERSON
,	O
35	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
president	O
,	O
will	O
assume	O
the	O
additional	O
job	O
of	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
.	O


He	O
succeeds	O
Paul	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Montle	I-PERSON
,	O
42	B-DATE
,	O
who	O
will	O
remain	O
chairman	O
.	O


National	B-ORG
Environmental	I-ORG
also	O
said	O
it	O
will	O
move	O
its	O
headquarters	O
from	O
Hingham	B-GPE
to	O
Folcroft	B-GPE
,	O
Pa.	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
its	O
sludge	O
dewatering	O
facility	O
.	O


National	B-ORG
Environmental	I-ORG
,	O
formerly	O
Yankee	B-ORG
Cos.	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
a	O
sludge	O
treatment	O
company	O
.	O


Eagle	B-ORG
Clothes	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
operating	O
under	O
Chapter	B-LAW
11	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
federal	I-LAW
Bankruptcy	I-LAW
Code	I-LAW
,	O
said	O
it	O
reached	O
an	O
agreement	O
with	O
its	O
creditors	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
accord	O
,	O
Albert	B-PERSON
Roth	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
,	O
and	O
Arthur	B-PERSON
Chase	I-PERSON
,	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Beigel	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Louis	B-PERSON
Polsky	I-PERSON
will	O
resign	O
as	O
officers	O
and	O
directors	O
of	O
the	O
menswear	O
retailer	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Roth	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
on	O
leave	O
from	O
his	O
posts	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
succeeded	O
by	O
Geoffrie	B-PERSON
D.	I-PERSON
Lurie	I-PERSON
of	O
GDL	B-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
Eagle	B-ORG
's	O
crisis	O
manager	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lurie	B-PERSON
is	O
currently	O
co-chief	O
executive	O
.	O


Arnold	B-PERSON
Levine	I-PERSON
,	O
acting	O
co-chief	O
executive	O
,	O
will	O
continue	O
as	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
a	O
board	O
member	O
.	O


Eagle	B-ORG
also	O
said	O
it	O
received	O
a	O
commitment	O
for	O
as	B-MONEY
much	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
financing	O
from	O
Norfolk	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
a	O
Norfolk	B-ORG
affiliate	O
,	O
York	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
will	O
purchase	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
Eagle	B-ORG
's	O
secured	O
lenders	O
,	O
which	O
total	O
$	B-MONEY
11.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
guarantee	O
as	B-MONEY
much	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
8.2	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
payments	O
to	O
Eagle	B-ORG
's	O
unsecured	O
creditors	O
.	O


A	O
committee	O
representing	O
the	O
unsecured	O
creditors	O
agreed	O
to	O
accept	O
24	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
on	O
the	O
dollar	O
,	O
Eagle	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
plan	O
would	O
extend	O
the	O
period	O
under	O
which	O
Eagle	B-ORG
has	O
the	O
exclusive	O
right	O
to	O
file	O
a	O
reorganization	O
plan	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
extinguish	O
all	O
of	O
Eagle	B-ORG
's	O
existing	O
capital	O
stock	O
and	O
issue	O
new	O
stock	O
to	O
York	B-ORG
as	O
sole	O
holder	O
.	O


A	O
bankruptcy	O
court	O
hearing	O
is	O
set	O
for	O
Nov.	B-DATE
3	I-DATE
on	O
these	O
accords	O
.	O


In	O
its	O
bankruptcy	O
-	O
law	O
petition	O
,	O
filed	O
in	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Bankruptcy	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
in	O
Manhattan	B-GPE
,	O
Eagle	B-ORG
said	O
its	O
problems	O
began	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
and	O
early	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
when	O
its	O
then	O
-	O
senior	O
lender	O
,	O
Bankers	B-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
reduced	O
its	O
credit	O
line	O
.	O


In	O
September	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
,	O
Eagle	B-ORG
acquired	O
Biny	B-ORG
Clothing	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
closely	O
held	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
chain	O
operated	O
under	O
the	O
Bonds	B-ORG
name	O
.	O


Eagle	B-ORG
's	O
management	O
retired	O
and	O
Biny	B-ORG
's	O
management	O
took	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
Eagle	B-ORG
reached	O
a	O
new	O
credit	O
agreement	O
with	O
Bankers	B-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
and	O
with	O
Bank	B-ORG
Leumi	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
for	O
$	B-MONEY
8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
subordinated	O
debt	O
accord	O
with	O
First	B-ORG
Century	I-ORG
Partners	I-ORG
and	O
Biny	B-ORG
management	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


But	O
Eagle	B-ORG
said	O
the	O
financing	O
was	O
insufficient	O
and	O
sales	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
sagged	O
.	O


Under	O
Chapter	B-LAW
11	I-LAW
,	O
a	O
company	O
operates	O
under	O
protection	O
from	O
creditors	O
'	O
lawsuits	O
while	O
it	O
works	O
out	O
a	O
plan	O
to	O
pay	O
debts	O
.	O


Standard	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Poor	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
would	O
add	O
John	B-ORG
H.	I-ORG
Harland	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
check	O
printer	O
,	O
to	O
its	O
500	B-CARDINAL
-	O
stock	O
index	O
,	O
effective	O
at	O
the	O
close	O
of	O
trading	O
on	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
.	O


American	B-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
hospital	O
operator	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
deleted	O
from	O
the	O
index	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


American	B-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
is	O
being	O
acquired	O
.	O


The	O
tougher	O
new	O
regulations	O
under	O
the	O
savings	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
loan	O
bailout	O
law	O
are	O
accelerating	O
the	O
thrift	O
industry	O
's	O
shrinking	O
act	O
.	O


Largely	O
to	O
meet	O
tougher	O
new	O
capital	O
requirements	O
,	O
thrifts	O
reduced	O
their	O
assets	O
$	B-MONEY
13.4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
by	O
selling	O
such	O
assets	O
as	O
mortgage	O
-	O
backed	O
securities	O
and	O
loans	O
.	O


Industry	O
assets	O
as	O
of	O
Aug.	B-DATE
31	I-DATE
were	O
$	B-MONEY
1.31	I-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
,	O
the	O
lowest	O
since	O
August	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
thrifts	O
sell	O
assets	O
to	O
improve	O
their	O
capital	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
asset	O
ratio	O
,	O
as	O
required	O
under	O
the	O
new	O
law	O
passed	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
they	O
must	O
also	O
reduce	O
liabilities	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
deposits	O
.	O


As	O
interest	O
rates	O
paid	O
depositors	O
were	O
lowered	O
,	O
thrift	O
withdrawals	O
exceeded	O
deposits	O
by	O
$	B-MONEY
5.1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
not	O
including	O
interest	O
credited	O
to	O
accounts	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
consecutive	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
in	O
which	O
thrifts	O
shed	O
assets	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
their	O
capital	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
their	O
assets	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Thrift	I-ORG
Supervision	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
asset	O
shrinkage	O
was	O
particularly	O
concentrated	O
in	O
several	O
large	O
California	B-GPE
institutions	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
downsizing	O
of	O
the	O
thrift	O
industry	O
is	O
well	O
under	O
way	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Bert	B-PERSON
Ely	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
industry	O
consultant	O
in	O
Alexandria	B-GPE
,	O
Va	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
This	O
suggests	O
the	O
bailout	O
law	O
is	O
having	O
a	O
more	O
dramatic	O
effect	O
than	O
anyone	O
would	O
have	O
imagined	O
so	O
soon	O
.	O
''	O


James	B-PERSON
Barth	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
economist	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Thrift	I-ORG
Supervision	I-ORG
,	O
also	O
attributed	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
outflow	O
to	O
seasonal	O
factors	O
.	O


``	O
August	B-DATE
is	O
a	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
when	O
people	O
are	O
paying	O
school	O
tuition	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
That	O
and	O
adjustment	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
law	O
were	O
the	O
biggest	O
factors	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
.	O
''	O


Not	O
including	O
thrifts	O
under	O
government	O
conservatorship	O
,	O
S&Ls	O
reduced	O
their	O
assets	O
by	O
$	B-MONEY
10.1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
from	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
deposit	O
outflows	O
totaled	O
$	B-MONEY
3.9	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


For	O
the	O
264	B-CARDINAL
insolvent	O
thrifts	O
under	O
government	O
management	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
August	I-DATE
,	O
assets	O
declined	O
by	O
$	B-MONEY
3.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
and	O
withdrawals	O
exceeded	O
deposits	O
by	O
$	B-MONEY
1.2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Thrifts	O
raised	O
capital	O
mostly	O
by	O
selling	O
mortgages	O
and	O
mortgage	O
-	O
backed	O
securities	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
reduced	O
by	O
$	B-MONEY
7.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
August	B-DATE
from	O
the	B-DATE
prior	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
of	O
Aug.	B-DATE
31	I-DATE
,	O
thrifts	O
held	O
$	B-MONEY
185	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
mortgage	O
-	O
backed	O
securities	O
.	O


The	O
deposit	O
numbers	O
for	O
August	B-DATE
marked	O
a	O
swing	O
back	O
to	O
huge	O
outflows	O
after	O
a	O
July	B-DATE
net	O
deposit	O
inflow	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
54	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
--	O
the	O
only	O
net	O
inflow	O
in	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Deposits	O
are	O
n't	O
expected	O
to	O
exceed	O
withdrawals	O
in	O
the	O
foreseeable	O
future	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
industry	O
continues	O
to	O
shrink	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
see	O
deposit	O
shrinkage	O
continue	O
,	O
unless	O
we	O
see	O
big	O
changes	O
in	O
rates	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Ely	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
,	O
thrifts	O
'	O
withdrawals	O
exceeded	O
deposits	O
by	O
$	B-MONEY
44.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
prior	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
deposits	O
exceeded	O
withdrawals	O
by	O
$	B-MONEY
8.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
estimates	O
of	O
real	O
gross	O
national	O
product	O
prepared	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Analysis	I-ORG
in	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
significantly	O
understate	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
economic	O
growth	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
bureau	O
's	O
estimates	O
for	O
the	O
business	O
sector	O
provide	O
the	O
numerator	O
for	O
the	O
productivity	O
ratios	O
calculated	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Labor	I-ORG
,	O
underestimated	O
growth	O
rates	O
artificially	O
depress	O
official	O
productivity	O
statistics	O
.	O


If	O
this	O
thesis	O
is	O
correct	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
important	O
implications	O
for	O
macroeconomic	O
policies	O
:	O
It	O
may	O
lower	O
the	O
sense	O
of	O
urgency	O
behind	O
efforts	O
to	O
enact	O
tax	O
incentives	O
and	O
other	O
measures	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
growth	O
in	O
productivity	O
and	O
real	O
GNP	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
also	O
affect	O
the	O
perceptions	O
of	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
governors	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
System	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
informed	O
public	O
generally	O
,	O
as	O
to	O
what	O
constitutes	O
a	O
reasonable	O
degree	O
of	O
price	O
stability	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
predicted	O
a	O
significant	O
acceleration	O
in	O
productivity	O
growth	O
over	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
forecast	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
apparent	O
reversal	O
of	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
negative	O
forces	O
--	O
such	O
as	O
demographic	O
changes	O
,	O
the	O
oil	O
shock	O
and	O
accelerating	O
inflation	O
--	O
that	O
had	O
reduced	O
productivity	O
gains	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
.	O


There	O
has	O
indeed	O
been	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
percentage	O
point	O
improvement	O
in	O
productivity	O
growth	O
since	O
1981	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
I	O
had	O
expected	O
more	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
reason	O
I	O
began	O
looking	O
at	O
evidence	O
suggesting	O
defects	O
in	O
the	O
official	O
output	O
estimates	O
.	O


The	O
evidence	O
does	O
not	O
clearly	O
support	O
the	O
view	O
that	O
the	O
downward	O
bias	O
in	O
output	O
growth	O
has	O
become	O
greater	O
during	O
the	O
1948	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
89	I-DATE
period	O
,	O
but	O
all	O
I	O
am	O
claiming	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
growth	O
trend	O
is	O
understated	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
It	O
is	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
possible	O
,	O
that	O
further	O
study	O
will	O
reveal	O
increasing	O
bias	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


This	O
bias	O
is	O
in	O
no	O
way	O
deliberate	O
.	O


The	O
understatement	O
of	O
growth	O
is	O
due	O
largely	O
to	O
the	O
conservative	O
expedients	O
adopted	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
deficiencies	O
in	O
basic	O
economic	O
data	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
major	O
sources	O
of	O
error	O
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
labor	O
input	O
estimates	O
-LRB-	O
mainly	O
employment	O
or	O
hours	B-TIME
-RRB-	O
instead	O
of	O
output	O
estimates	O
for	O
those	O
sectors	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
governments	O
,	O
paid	O
household	O
services	O
and	O
private	O
non-profit	O
institutions	O
,	O
where	O
there	O
are	O
difficulties	O
in	O
assembling	O
output	O
data	O
.	O


This	O
means	O
that	O
no	O
allowance	O
is	O
made	O
for	O
possible	O
increases	O
in	O
output	O
per	O
unit	O
of	O
labor	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
unrelated	O
program	O
in	O
which	O
the	B-ORG
Labor	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
does	O
estimate	O
output	O
per	O
employee	O
for	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
of	O
federal	O
civilian	O
employees	O
,	O
it	O
found	O
an	O
average	O
annual	B-DATE
rate	O
of	O
productivity	O
improvement	O
of	O
1.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
during	O
the	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
.	O


Even	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
assumed	O
that	O
productivity	O
rose	O
no	B-CARDINAL
more	I-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
as	O
quickly	O
in	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
nonbusiness	O
sector	O
,	O
this	O
Labor	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
estimate	O
indicates	O
a	O
downward	O
bias	O
in	O
the	O
real	O
GNP	O
estimates	O
of	O
0.2	B-PERCENT
percentage	I-PERCENT
point	I-PERCENT
a	O
year	O
,	O
on	O
average	O
.	O


The	O
federal	O
productivity	O
estimators	O
use	O
labor	O
input	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
output	O
,	O
data	O
for	O
their	O
calculations	O
of	O
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
private	O
financial	O
and	O
service	O
industries	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Independent	O
estimates	O
of	O
output	O
in	O
those	O
industries	O
,	O
including	O
one	B-CARDINAL
by	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Labor	I-ORG
for	O
banking	O
,	O
suggests	O
that	O
productivity	O
in	O
finance	O
and	O
services	O
appears	O
to	O
have	O
risen	O
by	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
at	B-PERCENT
least	I-PERCENT
1.5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
a	O
year	O
between	B-DATE
1948	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


Because	O
finance	O
and	O
services	O
contribute	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
final	O
business	O
product	O
,	O
missing	O
these	O
productivity	O
improvements	O
depresses	O
the	O
overall	O
growth	O
rate	O
by	O
0.15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
a	O
year	O
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
source	O
of	O
error	O
in	O
growth	O
statistics	O
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
inappropriate	O
deflators	O
to	O
adjust	O
for	O
price	O
changes	O
.	O


I	O
estimate	O
that	O
these	O
mismeasurements	O
as	O
detailed	O
by	O
Martin	B-PERSON
N.	I-PERSON
Baily	I-PERSON
and	O
Robert	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Gordon	I-PERSON
add	O
a	O
further	O
0.12	B-PERCENT
percentage	I-PERCENT
point	I-PERCENT
to	O
the	O
downward	O
bias	O
in	O
the	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
real	O
business	O
product	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
the	O
official	O
estimates	O
understate	O
growth	O
because	O
they	O
make	O
inadequate	O
allowance	O
for	O
improvements	O
in	O
quality	O
of	O
goods	O
and	O
services	O
.	O


In	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
new	O
price	O
index	O
for	O
computers	O
adjusted	O
for	O
changes	O
in	O
performance	O
characteristics	O
was	O
introduced	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
significantly	O
larger	O
increase	O
in	O
real	O
outlays	O
for	O
durable	O
goods	O
than	O
the	O
earlier	O
estimates	O
had	O
showed	O
.	O


Since	O
then	O
,	O
further	O
research	O
argues	O
that	O
failure	O
to	O
take	O
account	O
of	O
quality	O
improvements	O
has	O
contributed	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
0.26	I-CARDINAL
percentage	O
point	O
to	O
the	O
downward	O
bias	O
in	O
the	O
growth	O
rate	O
.	O


In	O
sum	O
,	O
the	O
biases	O
ennumerated	O
above	O
indicate	O
a	O
0.7	B-PERCENT
percentage	I-PERCENT
point	I-PERCENT
understatement	O
in	O
growth	O
of	O
total	O
real	O
GNP	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
private	O
domestic	O
business	O
economy	O
,	O
the	O
bias	O
was	O
a	O
bit	O
over	O
0.5	B-CARDINAL
percentage	O
point	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
the	O
growth	O
rates	O
of	O
both	O
total	O
GNP	O
and	O
real	O
private	O
business	O
product	O
per	O
labor	O
hour	O
have	O
been	O
underestimated	O
by	O
about	B-PERCENT
20	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Mr.	O
Kendrick	B-PERSON
is	O
professor	O
emeritus	O
of	O
economics	O
at	O
George	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
is	O
co-author	O
of	O
``	O
Personal	B-WORK_OF_ART
Productivity	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
How	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
Increase	I-WORK_OF_ART
Your	I-WORK_OF_ART
Satisfaction	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Living	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
-LRB-	O
M.E.	B-ORG
Sharp	I-ORG
,	O
1988	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
states	O
are	O
resisting	O
Drexel	B-ORG
Burnham	I-ORG
Lambert	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
nationwide	O
effort	O
to	O
settle	O
its	O
legal	O
troubles	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
might	O
instead	O
try	O
to	O
revoke	O
the	O
firm	O
's	O
license	O
to	O
sell	O
securities	O
within	O
their	O
borders	O
.	O


The	O
reluctance	O
of	O
some	O
states	O
to	O
let	O
Drexel	B-ORG
off	O
the	O
hook	O
could	O
hamper	O
the	O
firm	O
's	O
attempts	O
to	O
polish	O
its	O
image	O
after	O
its	O
guilty	O
plea	O
to	O
six	B-CARDINAL
felonies	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
say	O
several	O
people	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
discussions	O
.	O


Up	O
to	O
now	O
,	O
Drexel	B-ORG
has	O
made	O
a	O
rapid	O
-	O
fire	O
series	O
of	O
settlements	O
with	O
25	B-CARDINAL
states	O
and	O
the	O
commonwealth	O
of	O
Puerto	B-GPE
Rico	I-GPE
.	O


Just	B-DATE
yesterday	I-DATE
,	O
New	B-GPE
Hampshire	I-GPE
announced	O
it	O
made	O
a	O
$	O
75,000	B-MONEY
settlement	O
with	O
Drexel	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
record	O
-	O
tying	O
fine	O
for	O
a	O
securities	O
-	O
law	O
matter	O
in	O
that	O
state	O
.	O


These	O
states	O
have	O
been	O
entering	O
into	O
settlements	O
with	O
Drexel	B-ORG
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
firm	O
's	O
efforts	O
to	O
operate	O
freely	O
anywhere	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
despite	O
its	O
record	O
as	O
an	O
admitted	O
felon	O
.	O


But	O
individuals	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
generally	O
successful	O
Drexel	B-ORG
talks	O
say	O
the	O
firm	O
is	O
meeting	O
resistance	O
from	O
some	O
big	O
states	O
,	O
including	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
,	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
and	O
Missouri	B-GPE
.	O


Officials	O
in	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
states	O
say	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
simply	O
accept	O
the	O
settlements	O
offered	O
by	O
Drexel	B-ORG
.	O


They	O
question	O
if	O
Drexel	B-ORG
is	O
getting	O
easier	O
treatment	O
than	O
the	O
many	O
small	O
penny	O
-	O
stock	O
firms	O
whose	O
brokerage	O
licenses	O
are	O
routinely	O
revoked	O
.	O


Drexel	B-ORG
has	O
to	O
settle	O
with	O
state	O
securities	O
regulators	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
its	O
criminal	O
guilty	O
plea	O
and	O
a	O
related	O
civil	O
settlement	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
that	O
includes	O
payment	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
650	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
penalties	O
.	O


These	O
stem	O
from	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
federal	O
investigation	O
of	O
insider	O
trading	O
and	O
securities	O
fraud	O
on	O
Wall	O
Street	O
.	O


Ohio	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-GPE
District	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Columbia	I-GPE
,	O
Tennessee	B-GPE
and	O
Illinois	B-GPE
have	O
been	O
less	O
resistant	O
to	O
Drexel	B-ORG
than	O
the	O
other	O
six	B-CARDINAL
states	O
,	O
but	O
nonetheless	O
have	O
refused	O
to	O
settle	O
so	O
far	O
,	O
say	O
those	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
discussions	O
.	O


Drexel	B-ORG
says	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
expect	O
any	O
of	O
its	O
state	O
brokerage	O
licenses	O
will	O
be	O
revoked	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
if	O
some	O
are	O
,	O
its	O
securities	O
business	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
directly	O
hurt	O
.	O


It	O
already	O
has	O
sold	O
its	O
retail	O
,	O
or	O
individual	O
-	O
investor	O
,	O
brokerage	O
network	O
;	O
securities	O
firms	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
brokerage	O
licenses	O
for	O
non-retail	O
activities	O
such	O
as	O
investment	O
banking	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
if	O
nothing	O
else	O
,	O
a	O
revoked	O
brokerage	O
license	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
burden	O
because	O
it	O
must	O
be	O
disclosed	O
in	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
transactions	O
in	O
which	O
Drexel	B-ORG
could	O
be	O
involved	O
.	O


Securities	O
regulators	O
praise	O
Drexel	B-ORG
for	O
its	O
energetic	O
effort	O
,	O
led	O
by	O
government	O
-	O
approved	O
general	O
counsel	O
Saul	B-PERSON
S.	I-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
,	O
to	O
settle	O
its	O
legal	O
problems	O
with	O
the	O
states	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
disagree	O
about	O
the	O
message	O
these	O
settlements	O
give	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
was	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
internal	O
debate	O
about	O
that	O
specific	O
issue	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Susan	B-PERSON
Bryant	I-PERSON
,	O
Oklahoma	B-GPE
's	O
chief	O
securities	O
regulator	O
and	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
North	I-ORG
American	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Administrators	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
drafted	O
a	O
voluntary	O
settlement	O
plan	O
for	O
the	O
states	O
with	O
Drexel	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
question	O
,	O
she	O
said	O
,	O
is	O
whether	O
Drexel	B-ORG
should	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
pay	O
and	O
move	O
on	O
,	O
or	O
``	O
whether	O
you	O
should	O
-LRB-	O
simply	O
-RRB-	O
revoke	O
the	O
license	O
when	O
someone	O
is	O
convicted	O
of	O
a	O
felony	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
Ms.	O
Bryant	B-PERSON
's	O
state	O
went	O
ahead	O
and	O
accepted	O
Drexel	B-ORG
's	O
settlement	O
offer	O
of	O
$	O
25,000	B-MONEY
,	O
she	O
said	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
argument	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
came	O
to	O
different	O
conclusions	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
see	O
both	O
sides	O
.	O
''	O


Similarly	O
,	O
Alfred	B-PERSON
Rubega	I-PERSON
,	O
New	B-GPE
Hampshire	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
director	O
of	O
securities	O
regulation	O
,	O
said	O
his	O
state	O
had	O
n't	O
received	O
any	O
complaints	O
about	O
Drexel	B-ORG
,	O
so	O
it	O
really	O
could	O
n't	O
press	O
the	O
issue	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
understand	O
the	O
reasons	O
''	O
that	O
other	O
states	O
are	O
holding	O
out	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Cohen	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Drexel	B-ORG
general	O
counsel	O
,	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
,	O
as	O
we	O
say	O
in	O
investment	O
banking	O
,	O
that	O
`	O
by	O
the	B-TIME
end	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
day	I-TIME
'	O
we	O
'll	O
be	O
losing	O
any	O
licenses	O
.	O
''	O


Asked	O
about	O
states	O
that	O
are	O
taking	O
a	O
hard	O
line	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
There	O
are	O
states	O
that	O
have	O
asked	O
for	O
additional	O
information	O
,	O
which	O
we	O
are	O
providing	O
to	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Cohen	B-PERSON
said	O
more	O
than	O
$	B-MONEY
2.8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
has	O
been	O
paid	O
to	O
26	B-CARDINAL
states	O
and	O
that	O
Drexel	B-ORG
still	O
expects	O
to	O
pay	O
out	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
11.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
Drexel	B-ORG
should	O
have	O
another	B-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
settlements	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Cohen	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
rate	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
we	O
're	O
looking	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
30	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
35	I-CARDINAL
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


That	O
total	O
would	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
Drexel	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
investment	O
bank	O
has	O
previously	O
announced	O
that	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
punishment	O
it	O
would	O
create	O
an	O
independent	O
foundation	O
to	O
promote	O
ethical	O
behavior	O
in	O
the	O
securities	O
industry	O
.	O


A	O
proviso	O
to	O
that	O
promise	O
is	O
that	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
35	B-CARDINAL
states	O
reach	O
settlement	O
agreements	O
before	O
next	B-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
.	O


There	O
are	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
several	O
securities	O
commissioners	O
,	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
16	I-CARDINAL
states	O
that	O
are	O
either	O
close	O
to	O
settlements	O
with	O
Drexel	B-ORG
or	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
appear	O
opposed	O
to	O
settling	O
.	O


Drexel	B-ORG
's	O
proposed	O
state	O
fines	O
have	O
been	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
state	O
's	O
population	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
Drexel	B-ORG
's	O
business	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
was	O
asked	O
to	O
accept	O
$	O
300,000	B-MONEY
,	O
but	O
refused	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
is	O
n't	O
ruling	O
out	O
revoking	O
Drexel	B-ORG
's	O
brokerage	O
license	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
can	O
also	O
bar	O
Drexel	B-ORG
as	O
an	O
investment	O
adviser	O
.	O


State	O
officials	O
wo	O
n't	O
describe	O
their	O
position	O
in	O
detail	O
,	O
but	O
James	B-PERSON
McLelland	I-PERSON
Smith	I-PERSON
,	O
state	O
securities	O
chief	O
,	O
said	O
:	O
``	O
We	O
really	O
are	O
still	O
looking	O
at	O
it	O
and	O
have	O
informed	O
-LRB-	O
Drexel	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
that	O
the	O
proposal	O
is	O
really	O
not	O
sufficient	O
for	O
settlement	O
.	O
''	O


Connecticut	B-GPE
already	O
has	O
issued	O
a	O
``	O
notice	O
of	O
intent	O
''	O
to	O
revoke	O
Drexel	B-ORG
's	O
brokerage	O
license	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
states	O
that	O
have	O
met	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Cohen	B-PERSON
and	O
asked	O
for	O
additional	O
information	O
about	O
investors	O
'	O
accounts	O
and	O
other	O
matters	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
particular	O
issue	O
goes	O
to	O
the	O
very	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	O
capital	O
-	O
formation	O
market	O
,	O
''	O
state	O
Banking	O
Commissioner	O
Howard	B-PERSON
Brown	I-PERSON
said	O
.	O


A	O
banking	O
department	O
spokesman	O
added	O
:	O
``	O
Commissioner	O
Brown	B-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
feel	O
that	O
money	O
alone	O
is	O
the	O
issue	O
here	O
.	O
''	O


Particularly	O
touchy	O
are	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
is	O
Drexel	B-ORG
's	O
base	O
,	O
and	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
base	O
of	O
Drexel	B-ORG
's	O
highly	O
profitable	O
junk	O
-	O
bond	O
operation	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
firm	O
's	O
legal	O
difficulties	O
.	O


Neither	O
state	O
has	O
settled	O
,	O
and	O
officials	O
in	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
states	O
wo	O
n't	O
discuss	O
their	O
reasons	O
for	O
not	O
doing	O
so	O
.	O


But	O
Drexel	B-ORG
has	O
made	O
it	O
clear	O
it	O
could	O
mount	O
a	O
significant	O
legal	O
battle	O
in	O
each	O
state	O
if	O
its	O
license	O
is	O
revoked	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
state	O
officials	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Bryant	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
securities	O
group	O
,	O
said	O
Drexel	B-ORG
has	O
done	O
a	O
better	O
job	O
of	O
settling	O
with	O
the	O
states	O
than	O
E.F.	B-ORG
Hutton	I-ORG
did	O
after	O
its	O
guilty	O
plea	O
to	O
a	O
massive	O
check	O
-	O
kiting	O
scheme	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Still	O
,	O
she	O
said	O
,	O
Drexel	B-ORG
's	O
trouble	O
with	O
some	O
states	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
bad	O
thing	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
process	O
should	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
easy	O
for	O
a	O
firm	O
that	O
's	O
convicted	O
of	O
a	O
felony	O
to	O
immediately	O
jump	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
retail	O
business	O
,	O
''	O
Ms.	O
Bryant	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
need	O
to	O
have	O
somebody	O
worried	O
so	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
this	O
again	O
.	O
''	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
26	B-CARDINAL
states	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
commonwealth	O
of	O
Puerto	B-GPE
Rico	I-GPE
,	O
that	O
have	O
settled	O
with	O
Drexel	B-ORG
:	O
Alaska	B-GPE
,	O
Arkansas	B-GPE
,	O
Delaware	B-GPE
,	O
Georgia	B-GPE
,	O
Hawaii	B-GPE
,	O
Idaho	B-GPE
,	O
Indiana	B-GPE
,	O
Iowa	B-GPE
,	O
Kansas	B-GPE
,	O
Kentucky	B-GPE
,	O
Maine	B-GPE
,	O
Maryland	B-GPE
,	O
Minnesota	B-GPE
,	O
Mississippi	B-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
Hampshire	I-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
Mexico	I-GPE
,	O
North	B-GPE
Dakota	I-GPE
,	O
Oklahoma	B-GPE
,	O
Oregon	B-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Dakota	I-GPE
,	O
Utah	B-GPE
,	O
Vermont	B-GPE
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
Wyoming	B-GPE
and	O
Puerto	B-GPE
Rico	I-GPE
.	O


Robert	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Penn	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
,	O
will	O
take	O
early	O
retirement	O
from	O
this	O
steelmaker	O
Dec	B-DATE
31	I-DATE
.	O


William	B-PERSON
S.	I-PERSON
Leavitt	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
,	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Penn	B-PERSON
,	O
58	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
would	O
continue	O
as	O
a	O
consultant	O
and	O
would	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
board	O
in	O
selecting	O
a	O
successor	O
.	O


UNR	B-ORG
recently	O
emerged	O
from	O
bankruptcy	O
-	O
law	O
proceedings	O
that	O
left	O
64	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
reorganized	O
company	O
's	O
common	O
stock	O
in	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
trustees	O
of	O
an	O
asbestos	O
-	O
disease	O
claims	O
trust	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
said	O
it	O
would	O
have	O
no	O
further	O
comment	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Leavitt	B-PERSON
,	O
37	B-DATE
,	O
was	O
elected	O
chairman	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
by	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
new	O
board	O
,	O
having	O
served	O
as	O
vice	O
president	O
for	O
legal	O
and	O
corporate	O
affairs	O
.	O


His	O
father	O
,	O
David	B-PERSON
S.	I-PERSON
Leavitt	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
chairman	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
until	O
his	O
death	O
in	O
an	O
accident	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
which	O
time	O
Mr.	O
Penn	B-PERSON
was	O
named	O
president	O
.	O


Some	O
House	B-ORG
Democrats	B-NORP
are	O
trying	O
to	O
head	O
off	O
an	O
appointment	O
by	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
to	O
the	O
board	O
that	O
oversees	O
the	O
savings	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
loan	O
bailout	O
,	O
contending	O
that	O
the	O
prospective	O
nominee	O
is	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
troubled	O
banks	O
himself	O
.	O


Four	B-CARDINAL
Democrats	B-NORP
on	O
the	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
Banking	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
sent	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
a	O
letter	O
stating	O
their	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
expected	O
appointment	O
of	O
James	B-PERSON
Simmons	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
Arizona	B-GPE
banker	O
and	O
former	O
fund	O
-	O
raiser	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Oversight	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Resolution	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


The	B-ORG
Oversight	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
,	O
created	O
in	O
the	O
savings	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
loan	O
law	O
signed	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
sets	O
policy	O
for	O
the	O
RTC	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
will	O
sell	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
sick	O
thrifts	O
and	O
billions	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
their	O
assets	O
.	O


Treasury	B-ORG
Secretary	O
Nicholas	B-PERSON
Brady	I-PERSON
,	O
Federal	B-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Alan	B-PERSON
Greenspan	I-PERSON
and	O
Housing	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Urban	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Secretary	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Kemp	I-PERSON
are	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
board	O
.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
must	O
appoint	O
two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
members	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
a	O
Democrat	B-NORP
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
.	O


An	O
administration	O
official	O
confirmed	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
that	O
Mr.	O
Simmons	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
chairman	O
of	O
Valley	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
in	O
Phoenix	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
appointee	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
a	O
security	O
clearance	O
was	O
under	O
way	O
.	O


The	O
Democratic	B-NORP
appointee	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
determined	O
,	O
the	O
official	O
said	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Simmons	B-PERSON
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
said	O
the	O
congressmen	O
's	O
letter	O
is	O
under	O
review	O
.	O


The	O
letter	O
,	O
dated	O
last	B-DATE
Thursday	I-DATE
,	O
cited	O
the	O
losses	O
at	O
Valley	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
at	O
United	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
also	O
of	O
Phoenix	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
Mr.	O
Simmons	B-PERSON
was	O
chairman	O
for	O
29	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Both	O
banks	O
have	O
been	O
battered	O
,	O
as	O
have	O
other	O
Arizona	B-GPE
banks	O
,	O
by	O
falling	O
real	O
estate	O
prices	O
.	O


Valley	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
had	O
$	B-MONEY
470	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
problem	O
assets	O
as	O
of	O
June	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
We	O
believe	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
numerous	O
other	O
candidates	O
more	O
qualified	O
for	O
this	O
important	O
position	O
and	O
we	O
encourage	O
you	O
to	O
give	O
them	O
your	O
thorough	O
consideration	O
before	O
making	O
this	O
key	O
RTC	B-ORG
appointment	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
letter	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
RTC	B-ORG
needs	O
the	O
most	O
able	O
,	O
competent	O
management	O
available	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Simmons	B-PERSON
has	O
long	O
ties	O
to	O
both	O
Republicans	B-NORP
and	O
banking	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
co-chairman	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
Arizona	B-GPE
campaign	O
committee	O
in	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
election	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
worked	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
in	O
the	O
1980	B-DATE
election	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
met	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
Mr.	O
Simmons	B-PERSON
worked	O
for	O
Commercial	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	O
Midland	B-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
was	O
an	O
organizing	O
director	O
.	O


In	O
1986	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Simmons	B-PERSON
also	O
served	O
on	O
a	O
committee	O
of	O
businessmen	O
headed	O
by	O
William	B-PERSON
Seidman	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Deposit	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Resolution	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


That	O
committee	O
determined	O
to	O
open	O
Arizona	B-GPE
to	O
banking	O
across	O
state	O
lines	O
.	O


Arizona	B-ORG
Trend	I-ORG
magazine	O
referred	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Simmons	B-PERSON
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
25	B-CARDINAL
most	O
influential	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


The	O
letter	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
was	O
signed	O
by	O
Reps.	O
Bruce	B-PERSON
Vento	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Minn.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Banking	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
RTC	B-ORG
Task	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
,	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
McMillen	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Md.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Kweisi	B-PERSON
Mfume	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Md	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
and	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Kanjorski	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Pa	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
.	O


Randolph	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
McElroy	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
vice	O
chairman	O
of	O
this	O
bank	O
-	O
holding	O
company	O
,	O
was	O
named	O
to	O
the	O
additional	O
position	O
of	O
chairman	O
of	O
its	O
principal	O
unit	O
,	O
Sovran	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
McElroy	B-PERSON
,	O
54	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
will	O
remain	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
of	O
the	O
unit	O
.	O


Sovran	B-ORG
also	O
named	O
John	B-PERSON
B.	I-PERSON
Werner	I-PERSON
a	O
vice	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
parent	O
company	O
and	O
the	O
unit	O
and	O
elected	O
him	O
to	O
the	O
newly	O
created	O
position	O
of	O
chief	O
credit	O
officer	O
of	O
Sovran	B-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
,	O
increasing	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
corporate	O
board	O
members	O
to	O
35	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Mr.	O
Werner	B-PERSON
,	O
58	B-DATE
,	O
was	O
formerly	O
senior	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
parent	O
company	O
and	O
the	O
unit	O
.	O


Moody	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Investors	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
lowered	O
the	O
debt	O
ratings	O
of	O
certain	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
debt	O
held	O
by	O
this	O
company	O
.	O


The	O
debt	O
-	O
rating	O
concern	O
cited	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
move	O
into	O
the	O
Texas	B-GPE
market	O
,	O
noting	O
its	O
profitability	O
and	O
capital	O
adequacy	O
measurements	O
will	O
be	O
depressed	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
past	O
performance	O
.	O


Moody	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
also	O
said	O
it	O
raised	O
its	O
rating	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Deposit	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Bridge	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
now	O
known	O
as	O
Bank	B-ORG
One	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Texas	I-ORG
N.A.	I-ORG
,	O
reflecting	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
other	O
banking	O
affiliates	B-ORG
and	O
substantial	O
assistance	O
for	O
the	O
FDIC	B-ORG
.	O


Officials	O
at	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
bank	O
-	O
holding	O
company	O
were	O
n't	O
available	O
for	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
debt	O
-	O
rating	O
changes	O
.	O


At	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
London	I-ORG
,	O
underwriters	O
still	O
scratch	O
out	O
policies	O
using	O
fountain	O
pens	O
and	O
blotting	O
paper	O
.	O


Visitors	O
are	O
ushered	O
into	O
the	O
premises	O
by	O
red	O
-	O
frocked	O
doormen	O
known	O
as	O
waiters	O
,	O
a	O
reminder	O
of	O
the	O
insurance	O
market	O
's	O
origins	O
in	O
a	O
coffeehouse	O
in	O
17th	B-DATE
century	I-DATE
London	B-GPE
.	O


Such	O
trappings	O
suggest	O
a	O
glorious	O
past	O
but	O
give	O
no	O
hint	O
of	O
a	O
troubled	O
present	O
.	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
,	O
once	O
a	O
pillar	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
insurance	O
market	O
,	O
is	O
being	O
shaken	O
to	O
its	O
very	O
foundation	O
.	O


The	O
301	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
exchange	O
is	O
battered	O
by	O
enormous	O
claims	O
from	O
a	O
decade	B-DATE
-	O
long	O
run	O
of	O
unprecedented	O
disasters	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
earthquake	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
Bay	B-LOC
Area	I-LOC
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
is	O
besieged	O
by	O
disgruntled	O
investors	O
and	O
hamstrung	O
by	O
inefficient	O
but	O
time	O
-	O
honored	O
ways	O
of	O
conducting	O
business	O
.	O


The	O
exchange	O
is	O
gradually	O
being	O
squeezed	O
into	O
narrow	O
,	O
less	O
-	O
profitable	O
segments	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
by	O
less	O
hidebound	O
competitors	O
.	O


``	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
is	O
on	O
the	O
ropes	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Nutting	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
investor	O
for	O
17	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
who	O
now	O
leads	O
a	O
dissident	O
group	O
threatening	O
to	O
sue	O
exchange	O
underwriters	O
for	O
alleged	O
mismanagement	O
and	O
negligence	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
needs	O
more	O
discipline	O
.	O


It	O
needs	O
to	O
sort	O
itself	O
out	O
.	O
''	O


Most	O
troublesome	O
is	O
the	O
shrinking	O
pool	O
of	O
``	O
names	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
well	O
-	O
heeled	O
investors	O
-LRB-	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
royal	O
-RRB-	O
who	O
,	O
as	O
members	O
of	O
about	B-CARDINAL
360	I-CARDINAL
syndicates	O
,	O
underwrite	O
policies	O
.	O


Some	B-CARDINAL
1,750	I-CARDINAL
members	O
quit	O
the	O
exchange	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
more	O
than	O
triple	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
resignations	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
.	O


Names	O
are	O
resigning	O
at	O
an	O
even	O
faster	O
pace	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Lackluster	O
returns	O
are	O
one	B-CARDINAL
reason	O
.	O


The	O
average	O
after	O
-	O
tax	O
return	O
on	O
investment	O
in	O
1986	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-DATE
most	I-DATE
recent	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
for	O
which	O
results	O
are	O
available	O
,	O
was	O
6.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
according	O
to	O
Chatset	B-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
insurance	O
consulting	O
firm	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
was	O
2.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Between	B-DATE
1981	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
1986	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
period	O
for	O
which	O
figures	O
are	O
available	O
,	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
reported	O
over	O
#	B-MONEY
3.6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
claims	O
and	O
reserves	O
against	O
future	O
losses	O
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
5.7	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
at	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
exchange	O
rates	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
double	O
the	O
#	B-MONEY
1.35	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
posted	O
in	O
the	O
previous	O
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
period	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
the	O
31,329	B-CARDINAL
investors	O
who	O
remain	O
are	O
beginning	O
to	O
question	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
exchange	O
's	O
most	O
basic	O
tenets	O
,	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
unlimited	O
personal	O
liability	O
.	O


Investors	O
may	O
reap	O
huge	O
profits	O
when	O
premiums	O
exceed	O
claims	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
liable	O
to	O
their	O
last	O
pound	O
or	O
dollar	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
a	O
catastrophe	O
.	O


And	O
catastrophes	O
are	O
getting	O
ever	O
more	O
costly	O
.	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
claims	O
for	O
the	O
1988	B-DATE
Piper	B-FAC
Alpha	I-FAC
oil	O
-	O
rig	O
disaster	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
North	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
may	O
reach	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


During	O
the	O
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
period	O
ended	O
1986	B-DATE
,	O
roughly	B-PERCENT
80	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
names	O
had	O
money	O
tied	O
up	O
in	O
money	O
-	O
losing	O
syndicates	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Chatset	B-ORG
consultants	O
.	O


The	O
peril	O
of	O
unlimited	O
liability	O
looms	O
large	O
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
them	O
now	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
have	O
wished	O
I	O
could	O
die	O
and	O
be	O
out	O
of	O
it	O
--	O
that	O
's	O
how	O
bad	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
''	O
Betty	B-PERSON
Atkins	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
secretary	O
from	O
suburban	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
says	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Atkins	B-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
membership	O
was	O
a	O
bonus	O
from	O
a	O
former	O
employer	O
in	O
1981	B-DATE
,	O
belongs	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Nutting	B-PERSON
's	O
dissident	O
group	O
on	O
the	O
Outhwaite	B-ORG
syndicate	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
hard	O
hit	O
by	O
asbestos	O
reinsurance	O
claims	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Atkins	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
underwrote	O
#	O
20,000	B-MONEY
,	O
or	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
32,000	I-MONEY
,	O
of	O
insurance	O
coverage	O
on	O
that	O
syndicate	O
,	O
now	O
faces	O
potential	O
losses	O
of	O
roughly	B-MONEY
#	I-MONEY
70,000	I-MONEY
,	O
or	O
$	O
111,000	B-MONEY
.	O


``	O
If	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
wants	O
#	O
70,000	B-MONEY
out	O
of	O
me	O
they	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
everything	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
--	O
and	O
even	O
then	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
enough	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
says	O
.	O


Unease	O
is	O
widespread	O
among	O
exchange	O
members	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
think	O
of	O
any	O
reason	O
to	O
join	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
now	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Keith	B-PERSON
Whitten	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
British	B-NORP
businessman	O
and	O
a	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	O
member	O
since	O
1979	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
The	O
downside	O
is	O
very	O
considerable	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
the	O
upside	O
is	O
very	O
marginal	O
.	O
''	O


If	O
profits	O
do	O
n't	O
improve	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Whitten	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
may	O
quit	O
the	O
exchange	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
competition	O
from	O
rivals	O
unencumbered	O
by	O
history	O
is	O
intensifying	O
.	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
is	O
being	O
squeezed	O
out	O
of	O
low	O
-	O
margin	O
but	O
more	O
consistently	O
profitable	O
product	O
lines	O
such	O
as	O
primary	O
property	O
and	O
marine	O
insurance	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
,	O
competitors	O
have	O
chipped	O
away	O
at	O
the	O
exchange	O
's	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
#	B-MONEY
2.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
marine	O
market	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
half	B-CARDINAL
the	O
world	O
's	O
ships	O
are	O
insured	O
.	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
66	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
that	O
market	O
has	O
shrunk	O
to	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
that	O
period	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
an	O
official	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
London	I-ORG
Underwriters	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
competitor	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
The	O
official	O
asked	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
named	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Much	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
has	O
gone	O
to	O
the	O
institute	O
,	O
an	O
association	O
of	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
insurers	O
,	O
including	O
Cigna	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Allianz	B-ORG
Versicherungs	I-ORG
AG	I-ORG
of	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
and	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
Commercial	B-ORG
Union	I-ORG
Assurance	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
.	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
has	O
endured	O
decades	B-DATE
of	O
genteel	O
decline	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
peak	O
of	O
its	O
power	O
and	O
influence	O
a	B-DATE
century	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
dominated	O
the	O
insurance	O
world	O
with	O
a	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
.	O


It	O
virtually	O
dictated	O
how	O
ships	O
were	O
to	O
be	O
built	O
and	O
it	O
monitored	O
commerce	O
through	O
a	O
unrivaled	O
intelligence	O
network	O
in	O
ports	O
around	O
the	O
globe	O
.	O


Today	O
,	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
share	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
market	O
,	O
excluding	O
life	O
insurance	O
,	O
is	O
about	B-PERCENT
2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


-LRB-	O
Its	O
stake	O
is	O
even	O
smaller	O
if	O
life	O
insurance	O
is	O
included	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Bigger	O
rivals	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Aetna	B-ORG
and	O
Allianz	B-ORG
,	O
backed	O
by	O
armies	O
of	O
statisticians	O
using	O
computers	O
in	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
branches	O
,	O
operate	O
more	O
efficiently	O
and	O
often	O
can	O
offer	O
lower	O
rates	O
,	O
brokers	O
say	O
.	O


Though	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
pioneered	O
such	O
now	O
-	O
standard	O
policies	O
as	O
worker	O
's	O
compensation	O
insurance	O
,	O
burglary	O
insurance	O
for	O
homeowners	O
and	O
businesses	O
,	O
and	O
bankers	O
'	O
liability	O
insurance	O
,	O
competitors	O
now	O
underwrite	O
most	O
of	O
that	O
business	O
.	O


Beyond	O
that	O
,	O
many	O
big	O
oil	O
,	O
chemical	O
and	O
airline	O
companies	O
are	O
siphoning	O
off	O
big	O
chunks	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
by	O
insuring	O
themselves	O
through	O
``	O
captive	O
''	O
offshore	O
companies	O
for	O
industry	O
-	O
specific	O
coverage	O
.	O


Even	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
specialty	O
--	O
unusually	O
risky	O
ventures	O
--	O
is	O
being	O
challenged	O
.	O


Only	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
was	O
the	O
pre-eminent	O
insurer	O
of	O
thoroughbred	O
horses	O
.	O


But	O
since	O
1981	B-DATE
,	O
Kirk	B-ORG
Horse	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
of	O
Lexington	B-GPE
,	O
Ky.	B-GPE
has	O
grabbed	O
a	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


Ronald	B-PERSON
Kirk	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
,	O
says	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
has	O
suffered	O
because	O
its	O
structure	O
does	O
n't	O
allow	O
underwriters	O
to	O
deal	O
directly	O
with	O
clients	O
;	O
brokers	O
are	O
required	O
intermediaries	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
he	O
asserts	O
,	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
ca	O
n't	O
react	O
quickly	O
to	O
competition	O
.	O


``	O
Lloyd	O
's	O
has	O
lost	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
situation	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
are	O
n't	O
controlling	O
their	O
destiny	O
like	O
they	O
used	O
to	O
.	O
''	O


Murray	B-PERSON
Lawrence	I-PERSON
,	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
chairman	O
,	O
agrees	O
the	O
exchange	O
faces	O
big	O
challenges	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
watershed	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
plot	O
our	O
way	O
ahead	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
great	O
market	O
for	O
inventing	O
risks	O
which	O
other	O
people	O
then	O
take	O
,	O
copy	O
and	O
cut	O
rates	O
.	O
''	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
is	O
cut	O
off	O
from	O
``	O
the	O
vast	O
body	O
of	O
premium	O
down	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
end	O
which	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
steadying	O
influence	O
''	O
against	O
catastrophic	O
losses	O
.	O


By	O
that	O
,	O
he	O
means	O
low	O
-	O
margin	O
but	O
low	O
-	O
risk	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
certain	O
types	O
of	O
primary	O
property	O
insurance	O
.	O


The	O
exchange	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
must	O
find	O
new	O
products	O
and	O
new	O
markets	O
.	O


That	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
an	O
easy	O
task	O
.	O


Tradition	O
is	O
dictator	O
at	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
.	O


Three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
exchange	O
took	O
up	O
residence	O
in	O
a	O
space	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
age	I-DATE
tower	O
of	O
steel	O
and	O
glass	O
--	O
evocative	O
of	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
modern	O
architecture	O
that	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
Prince	O
Charles	B-PERSON
has	O
denounced	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Some	O
exchange	O
wags	O
call	O
the	O
building	O
``	O
the	O
oil	O
rig	O
.	O
''	O
-RRB-	O


But	O
along	O
with	O
such	O
treasured	O
artifacts	O
as	O
Lord	O
Nelson	B-PERSON
's	O
spyglass	O
,	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
also	O
brought	O
its	O
outmoded	O
ways	O
of	O
doing	O
business	O
.	O


The	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
market	O
actively	O
underwrites	O
insurance	O
just	B-TIME
4	I-TIME
1/2	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
a	O
day	O
,	O
brokers	O
say	O
.	O


Underwriting	O
does	O
n't	O
get	O
under	O
way	O
until	O
after	O
morning	B-TIME
tea	O
at	O
10	B-TIME
a.m	I-TIME
.	O


A	O
two	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
lunch	O
break	O
follows	O
.	O


Things	O
wind	O
down	O
at	O
about	B-TIME
4:30	I-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
,	O
just	O
in	O
time	O
for	O
afternoon	B-TIME
tea	O
.	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
vast	O
trading	O
hall	O
houses	O
a	O
warren	O
of	O
well	O
-	O
polished	O
desks	O
.	O


The	O
hall	O
's	O
few	O
computers	O
are	O
used	O
mostly	O
to	O
send	O
messages	O
.	O


Sandwiched	O
between	O
desks	O
,	O
underwriters	O
sit	O
on	O
benches	O
surrounded	O
by	O
stacks	O
of	O
policies	O
.	O


Brokers	O
clutching	O
thick	O
folders	O
stand	O
in	O
lines	O
,	O
waiting	O
their	O
turn	O
to	O
speak	O
to	O
the	O
underwriters	O
.	O


A	O
broker	O
may	O
have	O
to	O
approach	O
as	B-CARDINAL
many	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
underwriters	O
who	O
insure	O
the	O
endeavors	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
the	O
syndicates	O
.	O


It	O
could	O
take	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
for	O
a	O
claim	O
to	O
be	O
paid	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
system	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Nicholas	B-PERSON
Samengo	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Turner	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	O
broker	O
who	O
left	O
the	O
exchange	O
in	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
``	O
is	O
so	O
ludicrously	O
unprofessional	O
it	O
drives	O
you	O
mad	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
maintain	O
underwriters	O
also	O
have	O
been	O
inept	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Wetherell	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	O
underwriter	O
,	O
says	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
fellow	O
underwriters	O
underestimated	O
by	O
as	B-PERCENT
much	I-PERCENT
as	I-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
the	O
premiums	O
they	O
should	O
have	O
charged	O
for	O
property	O
risks	O
from	B-DATE
1980	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
1985	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
How	O
unprofessional	O
we	O
must	O
have	O
appeared	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
--	O
how	O
incompetent	O
at	O
risk	O
assessment	O
and	O
evaluation	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
officials	O
decline	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
matter	O
.	O


More	O
recently	O
,	O
property	O
rates	O
have	O
increased	O
.	O


Many	O
at	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
expect	O
the	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
earthquake	O
will	O
cause	O
the	O
industry	O
to	O
boost	O
rates	O
even	O
further	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
years	B-DATE
before	O
it	O
is	O
clear	O
whether	O
higher	O
rates	O
will	O
offset	O
the	O
payouts	O
for	O
such	O
disasters	O
.	O


The	O
magnitude	O
of	O
the	O
exchange	O
's	O
problems	O
may	O
not	O
become	O
known	O
for	O
some	O
time	O
because	O
of	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
practice	O
of	O
leaving	O
the	O
books	O
open	O
for	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
allow	O
for	O
the	O
settlement	O
of	O
claims	O
.	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
only	O
recently	O
reported	O
its	O
financial	O
results	O
for	O
1986	B-DATE
.	O


That	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
posted	O
record	O
pretax	O
profit	O
of	O
#	B-MONEY
650	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
a	O
gain	O
it	O
attributes	O
to	O
higher	O
rates	O
and	O
fewer	O
claims	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Lawrence	B-PERSON
says	O
reported	O
profit	O
will	O
be	O
down	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
1988	B-DATE
and	O
1989	B-DATE
,	O
though	O
he	O
declines	O
to	O
specify	O
how	O
steep	O
the	O
decline	O
will	O
be	O
.	O


Insurance	O
analysts	O
say	O
the	O
exchange	O
's	O
downturn	O
in	O
profitability	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
aggravated	O
by	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
600	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
aviation	O
losses	O
-LRB-	O
including	O
the	O
1988	B-DATE
Pan	B-ORG
Am	I-ORG
airline	O
disaster	O
over	O
Lockerbie	B-GPE
,	O
Scotland	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
and	O
a	O
still	O
-	O
uncalculated	O
chunk	O
of	O
claims	O
from	O
September	B-DATE
's	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
.	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
says	O
the	O
departures	O
of	O
names	O
is	O
n't	O
likely	O
to	O
hurt	O
its	O
underwriting	O
capacity	O
,	O
currently	O
about	B-MONEY
#	I-MONEY
11	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Mr.	O
Lawrence	B-PERSON
says	O
the	O
drain	O
of	O
funds	O
has	O
been	O
offset	O
by	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
investments	O
by	O
the	O
remaining	O
names	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
exchange	O
has	O
been	O
trying	O
to	O
lower	O
costs	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
It	O
recently	O
cut	O
its	O
work	O
force	O
by	O
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
or	O
213	B-CARDINAL
.	O
-RRB-	O


But	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
is	O
hampered	O
in	O
its	O
efforts	O
to	O
overhaul	O
operations	O
by	O
its	O
reluctance	O
to	O
embrace	O
modern	O
technology	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Wetherell	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
underwriter	O
,	O
reckons	O
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
business	O
could	O
be	O
transacted	O
by	O
computer	O
,	O
cutting	O
costs	O
at	O
least	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Though	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
has	O
talked	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
about	O
computerizing	O
underwriting	O
transactions	O
,	O
the	O
effort	O
has	O
n't	O
gotten	O
very	O
far	O
.	O


Competition	O
among	O
underwriters	O
and	O
brokers	O
makes	O
them	O
loath	O
to	O
centralize	O
price	O
and	O
policy	O
information	O
.	O


Both	O
groups	O
cling	O
to	O
traditional	O
face	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	O
dealings	O
,	O
even	O
for	O
routine	O
policies	O
.	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
overblown	O
bureaucracy	O
also	O
hampers	O
efforts	O
to	O
update	O
marketing	O
strategies	O
.	O


Some	O
underwriters	O
have	O
been	O
pressing	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
to	O
tap	O
the	O
low	O
-	O
margin	O
business	O
by	O
selling	O
some	O
policies	O
directly	O
to	O
consumers	O
.	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
presently	O
sells	O
only	O
auto	O
insurance	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
,	O
and	O
such	O
policies	O
are	O
sold	O
only	O
in	O
limited	O
markets	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
and	O
Canada	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
such	O
changes	O
must	O
be	O
cleared	O
by	O
four	B-CARDINAL
internal	O
committees	O
and	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
underwriters	O
,	O
brokers	O
and	O
administrators	O
before	O
being	O
implemented	O
.	O


The	O
proposal	O
to	O
sell	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
remains	O
mired	O
in	O
bureaucratic	O
quicksand	O
.	O


Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
is	O
moving	O
forward	O
on	O
some	O
fronts	O
,	O
though	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lawrence	B-PERSON
says	O
the	O
exchange	O
is	O
updating	O
some	O
procedures	O
to	O
make	O
speedier	O
payments	O
on	O
claims	O
.	O


By	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
all	O
underwriters	O
will	O
be	O
linked	O
to	O
a	O
communications	O
network	O
that	O
could	O
reduce	O
paper	O
work	O
on	O
claims	O
.	O


Tandy	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
join	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Memories	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
group	O
that	O
seeks	O
to	O
battle	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
market	O
for	O
computer	O
memory	O
chips	O
.	O


Tandy	B-ORG
's	O
decision	O
is	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
setback	O
for	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Memories	I-ORG
.	O


Last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
Apple	B-ORG
Computer	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
n't	O
invest	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
.	O


Apple	B-ORG
said	O
that	O
its	O
money	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
spent	O
in	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
.	O


U.S.	B-ORG
Memories	I-ORG
is	O
seeking	O
major	O
investors	O
to	O
back	O
its	O
attempt	O
to	O
crack	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
market	O
for	O
dynamic	O
random	O
access	O
memory	O
chips	O
,	O
a	O
market	O
dominated	O
by	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
.	O


Those	O
chips	O
were	O
in	O
dire	O
shortage	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
hurting	O
many	O
U.S.	B-GPE
computer	O
companies	O
that	O
could	O
n't	O
get	O
sufficient	O
Japanese	B-NORP
-	O
supplied	O
chips	O
.	O


Tandy	B-ORG
said	O
its	O
experience	O
during	O
the	O
shortage	O
did	O
n't	O
merit	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
investment	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Memories	I-ORG
is	O
seeking	O
from	O
each	O
investor	O
.	O


``	O
At	B-TIME
this	I-TIME
time	I-TIME
,	O
we	O
elected	O
not	O
to	O
get	O
involved	O
because	O
we	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
satisfy	O
our	O
need	O
-LCB-	O
for	O
DRAMs	O
-RCB-	O
from	O
the	O
market	O
as	O
a	O
rule	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Ed	B-PERSON
Juge	I-PERSON
,	O
Tandy	B-ORG
's	O
director	O
of	O
market	O
planning	O
.	O


Sanford	B-PERSON
Kane	I-PERSON
,	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Memories	I-ORG
president	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
decision	O
was	O
``	O
disappointing	O
,	O
''	O
but	O
does	O
n't	O
presage	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Memories	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
failure	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
have	O
had	O
them	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


But	O
``	O
they	O
were	O
n't	O
on	O
my	O
list	O
of	O
companies	O
who	O
were	O
critical	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Kane	B-PERSON
became	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
of	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Memories	I-ORG
last	B-DATE
June	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
group	O
was	O
formed	O
by	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
electronics	O
companies	O
:	O
Advanced	B-ORG
Micro	I-ORG
Devices	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Digital	B-ORG
Equipment	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
;	O
Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
;	O
Intel	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
;	O
International	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Machines	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
;	O
LSI	B-ORG
Logic	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
National	B-ORG
Semiconductor	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Kane	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
expects	O
two	B-CARDINAL
or	O
three	B-CARDINAL
major	O
corporations	O
to	O
announce	O
their	O
participation	O
in	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Memories	I-ORG
soon	O
after	O
the	O
group	O
finishes	O
a	O
business	O
plan	O
,	O
probably	O
late	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


U.S.	B-ORG
Memories	I-ORG
needs	O
a	O
catalyst	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
to	O
inspire	O
others	O
to	O
join	O
.	O


But	O
so	O
far	O
,	O
most	O
potential	O
participants	O
have	O
n't	O
decided	O
.	O


Sun	B-ORG
Microsystems	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
's	O
still	O
actively	O
evaluating	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Memories	I-ORG
and	O
plans	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Memories	I-ORG
representatives	O
later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


American	B-ORG
Telephone	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Telegraph	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
was	O
waiting	O
to	O
see	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Memories	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
business	O
plan	O
.	O


Personal	O
-	O
computer	O
maker	O
AST	B-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
studying	O
the	O
situation	O
.	O


A	O
Compaq	B-ORG
Computer	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
spokeswoman	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
has	O
n't	O
made	O
a	O
decision	O
yet	O
,	O
although	O
``	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
under	O
active	O
consideration	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
startling	O
turnabout	O
,	O
Members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
are	O
complaining	O
that	O
someone	O
in	O
the	O
executive	O
branch	O
is	O
leaking	O
on	O
them	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Boren	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Intelligence	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
chairman	O
,	O
is	O
upset	O
that	O
someone	O
leaked	O
a	O
letter	O
to	O
the	O
committee	O
from	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
administration	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
would	O
undertake	O
to	O
warn	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
thug	O
Manuel	B-PERSON
Noriega	I-PERSON
if	O
it	O
got	O
wind	O
of	O
an	O
impending	O
coup	O
that	O
might	O
result	O
in	O
his	O
assassination	O
.	O


With	O
due	O
respect	O
to	O
``	O
highly	O
classified	O
correspondence	O
''	O
and	O
other	O
buzzwords	O
,	O
the	O
leakers	O
are	O
performing	O
a	O
public	O
service	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
has	O
become	O
a	O
protection	O
service	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
ought	O
to	O
know	O
.	O


What	O
went	O
wrong	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
fitting	O
subject	O
for	O
public	O
and	O
congressional	O
inquiry	O
.	O


Naturally	O
,	O
Senator	O
Boren	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
committee	O
would	O
like	O
free	O
rein	O
to	O
blame	O
the	O
executive	O
branch	O
while	O
stamping	O
``	O
top	O
secret	O
''	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
complicity	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
danger	O
of	O
exposing	O
sources	O
and	O
methods	O
in	O
disclosing	O
the	O
debate	O
running	O
up	O
and	O
down	O
Pennsylvania	B-FAC
Avenue	I-FAC
.	O


And	O
if	O
Congress	B-ORG
is	O
going	O
to	O
assume	O
authority	O
to	O
micromanage	O
foreign	O
policy	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
responsibility	O
too	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
urged	O
the	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
armed	O
forces	O
to	O
move	O
against	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
.	O


When	O
they	O
did	O
,	O
his	O
commanders	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
initiative	O
to	O
do	O
more	O
than	O
block	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
roads	O
.	O


The	O
executive	O
branch	O
bears	O
the	O
first	O
responsibility	O
for	O
timidity	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
initiative	O
can	O
you	O
expect	O
given	O
the	O
climate	O
set	O
by	O
Congress	B-ORG
?	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
what	O
exactly	O
did	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
tell	O
Major	O
Giroldi	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
fellow	O
coup	O
plotters	O
about	O
U.S.	B-GPE
laws	O
and	O
executive	O
orders	O
on	O
assassinations	O
?	O


What	O
part	O
did	O
U.S.	B-GPE
warnings	O
play	O
in	O
the	O
major	O
's	O
unwillingness	O
to	O
pull	O
the	O
trigger	O
when	O
he	O
had	O
General	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
in	O
custody	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
under	O
attack	O
by	O
pro-Noriega	B-PERSON
troops	O
?	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
did	O
n't	O
suffer	O
from	O
any	O
hesitation	O
once	O
he	O
had	O
the	O
pistol	O
.	O


Maybe	O
we	O
need	O
a	O
CIA	B-ORG
version	O
of	O
the	O
Miranda	B-LAW
warning	O
:	O
You	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
conceal	O
your	O
coup	O
intentions	O
,	O
because	O
we	O
may	O
rat	O
on	O
you	O
.	O


Or	O
maybe	O
a	O
Surgeon	O
General	O
's	O
warning	O
:	O
Confiding	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
may	O
be	O
fatal	O
.	O


CIA	B-ORG
chief	O
William	B-PERSON
Webster	I-PERSON
,	O
hardly	O
a	O
Washington	B-GPE
malcontent	O
,	O
got	O
the	O
debate	O
started	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
by	O
noting	O
that	O
the	O
executive	O
order	O
banning	O
assassinations	O
had	O
contributed	O
to	O
U.S.	B-GPE
paralysis	O
during	O
the	O
coup	O
.	O


The	O
CIA	B-ORG
's	O
Deputy	O
Director	O
of	O
Operations	B-ORG
,	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Stoltz	I-PERSON
,	O
tried	O
to	O
smooth	O
things	O
over	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
instead	O
simply	O
underlined	O
Mr.	O
Webster	B-PERSON
's	O
point	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
interpretation	O
''	O
of	O
the	O
executive	O
order	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Stoltz	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
``	O
and	O
the	O
way	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
various	O
committees	O
have	O
over	O
time	O
interpreted	O
it	O
,	O
has	O
led	O
in	O
my	O
view	O
to	O
a	O
proper	O
caution	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
operators	O
,	O
including	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
Congress	B-ORG
wo	O
n't	O
let	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
do	O
much	O
of	O
anything	O
anymore	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
fine	O
with	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
pay	O
's	O
the	O
same	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
duty	O
's	O
lighter	O
.	O


And	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
doing	O
anything	O
that	O
might	O
be	O
second	O
-	O
guessed	O
by	O
Congress	B-ORG
carries	O
heavy	O
penalties	O
.	O


Witness	O
the	O
Walsh	B-PERSON
prosecution	O
of	O
Ollie	B-PERSON
North	I-PERSON
.	O


The	B-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
ranking	O
Republican	B-NORP
,	O
Senator	O
William	B-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
,	O
joined	O
with	O
Senator	O
George	B-PERSON
Mitchell	I-PERSON
to	O
write	O
a	O
best	O
seller	O
about	O
Iran	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Contra	I-EVENT
,	O
deploring	O
``	O
Men	O
of	O
Zeal	O
.	O
''	O


No	O
doubt	O
many	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
have	O
read	O
it	O
.	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
initiative	O
should	O
anyone	O
expect	O
from	O
people	O
out	O
on	O
the	O
line	O
who	O
've	O
read	O
all	O
this	O
and	O
know	O
what	O
can	O
happen	O
if	O
they	O
fail	O
?	O


Who	O
wants	O
to	O
end	O
up	O
as	O
the	O
protagonist	O
in	O
a	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
morality	O
play	O
?	O


The	O
order	O
against	O
assassinations	O
is	O
another	O
artifact	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
congressional	O
mind	O
-	O
set	O
,	O
a	O
product	O
of	O
the	O
1970s	B-DATE
Vietnam	B-GPE
syndrome	O
against	O
any	O
executive	O
action	O
.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
would	O
do	O
himself	O
and	O
the	O
country	O
a	O
favor	O
by	O
rescinding	O
the	O
order	O
as	O
an	O
ambiguous	O
intrusion	O
on	O
his	O
ability	O
to	O
defend	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
national	O
security	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
of	O
course	O
good	O
reasons	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
should	O
n't	O
get	O
into	O
the	O
assassination	O
business	O
,	O
but	O
rescinding	O
the	O
executive	O
order	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
as	O
saying	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
should	O
start	O
passing	O
out	O
exploding	O
cigars	O
.	O


The	O
world	O
being	O
the	O
nasty	O
place	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
we	O
want	O
Presidents	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
freedom	O
to	O
order	O
operations	O
in	O
which	O
someone	O
might	O
get	O
killed	O
.	O


In	O
such	O
situations	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
write	O
rules	O
in	O
advance	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
only	O
make	O
sure	O
the	O
President	O
takes	O
the	O
responsibility	O
.	O


The	O
executive	O
order	O
and	O
the	O
reported	O
agreements	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
are	O
neither	O
sensible	O
nor	O
moral	O
.	O


As	O
it	O
now	O
stands	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
can	O
bomb	O
Tripoli	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
ca	O
n't	O
``	O
assassinate	O
''	O
Colonel	O
Gadhafi	B-PERSON
.	O


It	O
can	O
send	O
a	O
fighter	O
squadron	O
to	O
strafe	O
terrorist	O
hideouts	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Bekaa	I-LOC
Valley	I-LOC
,	O
but	O
ca	O
n't	O
shoot	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Nidal	I-PERSON
.	O


Both	O
the	O
assassination	O
order	O
and	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
debate	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
are	O
telling	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
will	O
kill	O
a	O
madman	O
is	O
by	O
making	O
sure	O
we	O
take	O
some	O
innocent	O
civilians	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
heard	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
property	O
-	O
tax	O
-	O
cutting	O
Proposition	B-LAW
13	I-LAW
blamed	O
for	O
a	O
lot	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
ABC	B-ORG
's	O
Ted	B-PERSON
Koppel	I-PERSON
came	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
wrinkle	O
in	O
his	O
earthquake	O
coverage	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
when	O
he	O
asked	O
Democratic	B-NORP
Assemblyman	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Katz	I-PERSON
if	O
Prop.	B-LAW
13	I-LAW
had	O
withheld	O
money	O
needed	O
for	O
road	O
maintenance	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Katz	B-PERSON
happily	O
agreed	O
,	O
sliding	O
over	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
roads	O
and	O
bridges	O
are	O
n't	O
funded	O
by	O
property	O
taxes	O
but	O
by	O
state	O
and	O
federal	O
gasoline	O
taxes	O
.	O


Both	O
have	O
been	O
raised	O
at	B-PERCENT
least	I-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
even	O
while	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
gasoline	O
has	O
fallen	O
.	O


Dragging	O
Prop.	B-LAW
13	I-LAW
into	O
this	O
story	O
is	O
a	O
pretty	O
long	O
stretch	O
.	O


A	O
federal	O
judge	O
in	O
Manhattan	B-GPE
has	O
entered	O
a	O
judgment	O
requiring	O
a	O
Chicago	B-GPE
organized	O
crime	O
figure	O
to	O
pay	O
the	O
government	O
$	O
250,000	B-MONEY
,	O
representing	O
alleged	O
profits	O
he	O
gained	O
from	O
his	O
involvement	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Brotherhood	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Teamsters	I-ORG
.	O


Manhattan	B-GPE
U.S.	B-GPE
Attorney	O
Otto	B-PERSON
Obermaier	I-PERSON
said	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
ever	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
had	O
obtained	O
any	O
disgorgement	O
from	O
an	O
organized	O
crime	O
figure	O
indicted	O
under	O
the	O
civil	O
racketeering	O
law	O
.	O


Joseph	B-PERSON
Lombardo	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
the	O
government	O
alleged	O
was	O
the	O
``	O
captain	O
''	O
of	O
organized	O
crime	O
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
,	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
numerous	O
defendants	O
in	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
sweeping	O
racketeering	O
suit	O
against	O
the	O
Teamsters	B-ORG
.	O


In	O
the	O
suit	O
,	O
filed	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
government	O
accused	O
the	O
union	O
's	O
leadership	O
of	O
depriving	O
its	O
1.6	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
members	O
of	O
their	O
rights	O
through	O
a	O
pattern	O
of	O
racketeering	O
.	O


Among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
claimed	O
that	O
organized	O
crime	O
figures	O
had	O
routinely	O
handpicked	O
the	O
union	O
's	O
top	O
officials	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
District	O
Judge	O
David	B-PERSON
Edelstein	I-PERSON
also	O
permanently	O
enjoined	O
Mr.	O
Lombardo	B-PERSON
from	O
any	O
future	O
dealings	O
with	O
the	O
Teamsters	B-ORG
or	O
any	O
other	O
labor	O
union	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lombardo	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
last	O
of	O
the	O
defendants	O
to	O
settle	O
the	O
suit	O
,	O
agreed	O
to	O
pay	O
the	O
government	O
the	O
$	O
250,000	B-MONEY
within	O
one	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
following	O
were	O
among	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
offerings	O
and	O
pricings	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
non-U.S.	B-GPE
capital	O
markets	O
,	O
with	O
terms	O
and	O
syndicate	O
manager	O
,	O
as	O
compiled	O
by	O
Dow	B-ORG
Jones	I-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Markets	I-ORG
Report	I-ORG
:	O


Imo	B-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
--	O
$	B-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
senior	O
subordinated	O
debentures	O
due	O
2001	B-DATE
,	O
priced	O
at	O
par	O
to	O
yield	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
issue	O
will	O
be	O
sold	O
through	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


Other	O
details	O
were	O
n't	O
available	O
.	O


San	B-GPE
Antonio	I-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
--	O
$	B-MONEY
575	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
electric	O
and	O
gas	O
system	O
revenue	O
refunding	O
bonds	O
,	O
Series	O
1989	B-DATE
,	O
1989A	B-DATE
and	O
1989B	B-DATE
,	O
tentatively	O
priced	O
by	O
a	O
First	B-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
group	O
to	O
yield	O
from	O
6.15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1991	B-DATE
to	O
7.30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
2009	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
issue	O
includes	O
current	O
interest	O
bonds	O
due	O
1991	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
,	O
2009	B-DATE
,	O
2012	B-DATE
,	O
2014	B-DATE
and	O
2016	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
capital	O
appreciation	O
bonds	O
due	O
2001	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
2005	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
current	O
interest	O
serial	O
bonds	O
are	O
priced	O
to	O
yield	O
from	O
6.15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1991	B-DATE
to	O
7.10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
2000	B-DATE
.	O


There	O
are	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
term	O
bonds	O
due	O
2009	B-DATE
,	O
priced	O
to	O
yield	O
7.30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
issue	O
's	O
high	O
yield	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
also	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
124	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
6	B-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bonds	O
priced	O
to	O
yield	O
7.25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
2012	B-DATE
;	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
97	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bonds	O
priced	O
to	O
yield	O
7.20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
2014	B-DATE
;	O
and	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
26.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bonds	O
priced	O
to	O
yield	O
7.15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
2016	B-DATE
.	O


All	O
of	O
the	O
term	O
bonds	O
are	O
original	O
issue	O
discount	O
bonds	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
lead	O
underwriter	O
.	O


The	O
capital	O
appreciation	O
bonds	O
are	O
tentatively	O
priced	O
to	O
yield	O
to	O
maturity	O
from	O
7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
2001	B-DATE
to	O
7.10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
2003	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
2005	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
bonds	O
are	O
rated	O
double	O
-	O
A	O
by	O
Moody	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Investors	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
Standard	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Poor	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


Maryland	B-ORG
Stadium	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
--	O
$	B-MONEY
137.6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
sports	O
facilities	O
lease	O
revenue	O
bonds	O
,	O
Series	O
1989	B-DATE
D	O
,	O
due	O
1992	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
1999	I-DATE
,	O
2004	B-DATE
,	O
2009	B-DATE
and	O
2019	B-DATE
,	O
tentatively	O
priced	O
at	O
par	O
by	O
a	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
group	O
to	O
yield	O
from	O
6.35	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1992	B-DATE
to	O
7.60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
2019	B-DATE
.	O


Serial	O
bonds	O
are	O
priced	O
to	O
yield	O
to	O
7.10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1999	B-DATE
.	O


There	O
are	O
$	O
15,845,000	B-MONEY
of	O
7	B-PERCENT
3/8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bonds	O
priced	O
at	O
par	O
and	O
due	O
2004	B-DATE
;	O
$	O
22,985,000	B-MONEY
of	O
7	B-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bonds	O
priced	O
at	O
par	O
and	O
due	O
2009	B-DATE
;	O
and	O
$	B-MONEY
82.6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
7.60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bonds	O
priced	O
at	O
par	O
and	O
due	O
2019	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
bonds	O
are	O
rated	O
double	O
-	O
A	O
by	O
Moody	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
and	O
double	O
-	O
A	O
-	O
minus	O
by	O
S&P	B-ORG
.	O


Interest	O
on	O
the	O
bonds	O
will	O
be	O
treated	O
as	O
a	O
preference	O
item	O
in	O
calculating	O
the	O
federal	O
alternative	O
minimum	O
tax	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
imposed	O
on	O
certain	O
investors	O
.	O


Federal	B-ORG
Home	I-ORG
Loan	I-ORG
Mortgage	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
--	O
$	B-MONEY
250	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
Remic	O
mortgage	O
securities	O
being	O
offered	O
in	O
11	B-CARDINAL
classes	O
by	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
offering	O
,	O
Series	O
107	B-CARDINAL
,	O
is	O
backed	O
by	O
Freddie	B-ORG
Mac	I-ORG
15	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
securities	O
,	O
and	O
brings	O
Freddie	B-ORG
Mac	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
1989	B-DATE
Remic	O
issuance	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
32.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
and	O
its	O
total	O
volume	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
46.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
since	O
the	O
program	O
began	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
offering	O
used	O
at	O
-	O
market	O
pricing	O
.	O


Federal	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Mortgage	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
--	O
$	B-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
Remic	O
mortgage	O
securities	O
being	O
offered	O
in	O
10	B-CARDINAL
classes	O
by	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Markets	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
offering	O
,	O
Series	O
1989	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
85	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
backed	O
by	O
Fannie	B-ORG
Mae	I-ORG
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
securities	O
.	O


Separately	O
,	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
issue	O
of	O
Fannie	B-ORG
Mae	I-ORG
Remic	O
mortgage	O
securities	O
is	O
being	O
offered	O
in	O
15	B-CARDINAL
classes	O
by	O
Bear	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Stearns	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
offering	O
,	O
Series	O
1989	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
86	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
backed	O
by	O
Fannie	B-ORG
Mae	I-ORG
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
securities	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
issue	O
of	O
Fannie	B-ORG
Mae	I-ORG
Remic	O
mortgage	O
securities	O
is	O
being	O
offered	O
in	O
12	B-CARDINAL
classes	O
by	O
Smith	B-ORG
Barney	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Harris	I-ORG
Upham	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
offering	O
,	O
Series	O
1989	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
87	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
backed	O
by	O
Fannie	B-ORG
Mae	I-ORG
9	B-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
securities	O
.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
offerings	O
together	O
bring	O
Fannie	B-ORG
Mae	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
1989	B-DATE
Remic	O
issuance	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
32.4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
and	O
its	O
total	O
Remic	O
volume	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
44.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
since	O
the	O
program	O
began	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
1987	I-DATE
.	O


Credit	B-ORG
Agricole	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
CNCA	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
-LRB-	O
French	B-NORP
-RRB-	O
--	O
$	B-MONEY
250	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
8	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bonds	O
due	O
Nov.	B-DATE
21	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1994	I-DATE
,	O
priced	O
at	O
101.80	B-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
8.77	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
annually	O
less	O
full	O
fees	O
,	O
via	O
IBJ	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Ltd	I-ORG
.	O


Fees	O
1	B-CARDINAL
7/8	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Hokuriku	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Power	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
Japan	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
--	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
8	B-PERCENT
7/8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bonds	O
due	O
Nov.	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1996	I-DATE
,	O
priced	O
at	O
101	B-CARDINAL
3/4	I-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
8.90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
less	O
full	O
fees	O
,	O
via	O
Yamaichi	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
Europe	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Ltd	I-ORG
.	O


Fees	O
1	B-CARDINAL
7/8	I-CARDINAL
.	O


International	B-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
agency	O
-RRB-	O
--	O
10	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
pesetas	I-MONEY
of	O
11.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bonds	O
due	O
Nov.	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1994	I-DATE
,	O
priced	O
at	O
101	B-CARDINAL
5/8	I-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
11.60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
less	O
full	O
fees	O
,	O
via	O
Citibank	B-ORG
-LRB-	O
Madrid	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
and	O
Banco	B-ORG
Espanol	I-ORG
de	I-ORG
Credito	I-ORG
,	O
Spain	B-GPE
.	O


Fees	O
1	B-CARDINAL
5/8	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Royal	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Canada	I-ORG
,	O
Grand	B-GPE
Cayman	I-GPE
branch	O
-LRB-	O
Canada	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
--	O
100	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Canadian	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
10	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
deposit	O
notes	O
due	O
Nov.	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1994	I-DATE
,	O
priced	O
at	O
101	B-CARDINAL
3/4	I-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
10.78	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
less	O
full	O
fees	O
,	O
via	O
RBC	B-ORG
Dominion	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Ltd	I-ORG
.	O


Fees	O
1	B-CARDINAL
7/8	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Union	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Finland	I-ORG
--	O
100	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Australian	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bonds	O
due	O
Nov.	B-DATE
9	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
,	O
priced	O
at	O
94	B-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
17.20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
less	O
full	O
fees	O
,	O
via	O
Banque	B-ORG
Paribas	I-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Markets	I-ORG
Ltd	I-ORG
.	O


Fees	O
1	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Credit	I-ORG
--	O
$	B-MONEY
2.57	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
certificates	O
backed	O
by	O
automobile	O
loans	O
with	O
a	O
coupon	O
rate	O
of	O
8.70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
priced	O
at	O
99	B-CARDINAL
19/32	I-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
8.903	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
through	O
an	O
underwriting	O
group	O
headed	O
by	O
First	B-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
issue	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
by	O
Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Credit	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
in	O
the	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
history	O
of	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
45	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
asset	O
-	O
backed	O
market	O
.	O


The	O
largest	O
issue	O
was	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
offering	O
of	O
auto	O
-	O
loan	O
securities	O
by	O
General	B-ORG
Motors	I-ORG
Acceptance	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
in	O
1986	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
Ford	B-ORG
issue	O
,	O
through	O
Ford	B-ORG
Credit	I-ORG
1989	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
A	I-ORG
Grantor	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
,	O
was	O
priced	O
at	O
a	O
yield	O
spread	O
of	O
95	B-CARDINAL
basis	O
points	O
above	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
7	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
issue	O
due	O
July	B-DATE
1991	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
offering	O
is	O
rated	O
doubleA	O
-	O
2	O
by	O
Moody	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
and	O
double	O
-	O
A	O
by	O
S&P	B-ORG
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
auto	O
loans	O
and	O
a	O
guarantee	O
covering	O
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
deal	O
from	O
Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Credit	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
certificates	O
have	O
an	O
estimated	O
average	O
life	O
of	O
1.8	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
assuming	O
monthly	B-DATE
prepayments	O
at	O
1.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
original	O
balance	O
.	O


The	O
final	O
maturity	O
is	O
in	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Mouth	B-PERSON
is	O
back	O
.	O


Morton	B-PERSON
Downey	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
self	O
-	O
destructed	O
as	O
a	O
talk	O
-	O
show	O
host	O
and	O
frequently	O
verbally	O
abused	O
his	O
guests	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
signed	O
to	O
co-host	O
a	O
half	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
nightly	B-DATE
program	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Consumer	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Channel	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
cable	O
channel	O
partly	O
owned	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
National	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
premiere	O
of	O
``	O
Showdown	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Downey	B-PERSON
and	O
Richard	B-PERSON
G.	I-PERSON
Carter	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
columnist	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
scheduled	O
for	O
Dec.	B-DATE
4	I-DATE
at	O
8	B-TIME
p.m	I-TIME
.	O


CNBC	B-ORG
is	O
available	O
to	O
13	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
cable	O
households	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Downey	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
change	O
his	O
style	O
,	O
which	O
some	O
critics	O
said	O
was	O
flamboyant	O
and	O
others	O
deemed	O
offensive	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
proceed	O
in	O
a	O
more	O
logical	O
way	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
acceptable	O
in	O
anyone	O
's	O
home	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
mean	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
angry	O
.	O
''	O


Michael	B-PERSON
Eskridge	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
CNBC	B-ORG
,	O
said	O
that	O
although	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
studio	O
audience	O
,	O
viewers	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
have	O
to	O
endure	O
the	O
shouting	O
of	O
``	O
Mort	B-PERSON
!	O
Mort	B-PERSON
!	O
Mort	B-PERSON
!	O
''	O


But	O
just	O
how	O
does	O
Mr.	O
Downey	B-PERSON
's	O
unorthodox	O
style	O
mesh	O
with	O
the	O
sedate	O
tone	O
of	O
CNBC	B-ORG
's	O
business	O
programming	O
?	O


``	O
Ninety	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
Mort	B-PERSON
's	O
old	O
show	O
fits	O
into	O
our	O
style	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Eskridge	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
That	O
is	O
consumer	O
issues	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Downey	B-PERSON
's	O
previous	O
show	O
,	O
a	O
one	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
shout	O
fest	O
,	O
syndciated	O
by	O
MCA	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
produced	O
by	O
Quantum	B-ORG
Media	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
was	O
canceled	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
after	O
advertisers	O
and	O
stations	O
abandoned	O
it	O
.	O


``	O
Hacksaw	B-PERSON
''	O
and	O
``	O
Bonecrusher	B-PERSON
''	O
are	O
the	O
sort	O
of	O
nicknames	O
normally	O
associated	O
with	O
linebackers	O
and	O
heavyweight	O
contenders	O
.	O


Who	O
'd	O
have	O
thought	O
that	O
the	O
next	O
group	O
of	O
tough	O
guys	O
carrying	O
around	O
reputations	O
like	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
school	O
superintendents	O
?	O


Chicago	B-GPE
's	O
new	O
school	O
chief	O
is	O
the	O
hard	O
-	O
nosed	O
Ted	B-PERSON
Kimbrough	I-PERSON
.	O


At	O
his	O
old	O
job	O
in	O
Compton	B-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
took	O
a	O
bitter	O
teachers	O
'	O
strike	O
and	O
nearly	O
came	O
to	O
blows	O
with	O
a	O
school	O
-	O
board	O
member	O
.	O


At	O
his	O
first	O
Chicago	B-GPE
press	O
conference	O
,	O
he	O
berated	O
the	O
reporters	O
.	O


In	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
new	O
Chancellor	O
,	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
Fernandez	I-PERSON
,	O
has	O
landed	O
like	O
a	O
16	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
inch	I-QUANTITY
shell	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
a	O
system	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
impervious	O
to	O
serious	O
reform	O
.	O


Both	O
men	O
fit	O
the	O
mood	O
of	O
the	O
times	O
--	O
the	O
mood	O
being	O
one	O
of	O
a	O
public	O
fed	O
up	O
with	O
officials	O
'	O
rationalizations	O
for	O
why	O
their	O
schools	O
do	O
n't	O
work	O
.	O


Former	O
Patterson	B-GPE
,	O
N.J.	B-GPE
,	O
principal	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Clark	I-PERSON
was	O
no	O
doubt	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
's	O
first	O
experience	O
with	O
this	O
new	O
breed	O
of	O
no	O
-	O
nonsense	O
administrator	O
.	O


The	O
subject	O
of	O
the	O
movie	O
``	O
Lean	B-WORK_OF_ART
on	I-WORK_OF_ART
Me	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Clark	B-PERSON
controlled	O
his	O
school	O
with	O
a	O
bullhorn	O
and	O
a	O
baseball	O
bat	O
.	O


He	O
may	O
have	O
gone	O
overboard	O
in	O
his	O
pursuit	O
of	O
good	O
discipline	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
interesting	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
biggest	O
,	O
most	O
troubled	O
school	O
districts	O
are	O
choosing	O
new	O
chiefs	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
gravel	O
-	O
chewing	O
mold	O
?	O


Elena	B-PERSON
Scambio	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
woman	O
assigned	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
Jersey	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
school	O
system	O
that	O
was	O
taken	O
over	O
by	O
the	O
state	O
,	O
says	O
her	O
top	O
priority	O
will	O
be	O
to	O
``	O
cut	O
through	O
the	O
dead	O
hand	O
of	O
bureaucracy	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Fernandez	B-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
take	O
control	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
until	O
January	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
already	O
he	O
's	O
roiling	O
the	O
waters	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
attacked	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
``	O
building	O
tenure	O
,	O
''	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
disgraceful	O
institutions	O
in	O
American	B-NORP
public	O
schools	O
.	O


It	O
means	O
it	O
is	O
virtually	O
impossible	O
to	O
fire	O
or	O
even	O
transfer	O
incompetent	O
principals	O
.	O


Once	O
they	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
building	O
,	O
they	O
stay	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
South	B-LOC
Bronx	I-LOC
principal	O
kept	O
his	O
job	O
for	O
16	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
despite	O
a	O
serious	O
drinking	O
problem	O
and	O
rarely	O
showing	O
up	O
for	O
work	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
finally	O
given	O
leave	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
arrested	O
for	O
allegedly	O
buying	O
crack	O
.	O


Naturally	O
,	O
the	O
principals	O
'	O
union	O
loves	O
building	O
tenure	O
,	O
and	O
tenure	O
has	O
withstood	O
previous	O
challenge	O
.	O


We	O
suggest	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Fernandez	B-PERSON
find	O
an	O
incompetent	O
principal	O
,	O
toss	O
him	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
building	O
and	O
let	O
the	O
forces	O
of	O
the	O
status	O
quo	O
explain	O
to	O
the	O
parents	O
whatever	O
it	O
is	O
they	O
're	O
defending	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
old	O
job	O
,	O
as	O
Dade	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
chief	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Fernandez	B-PERSON
forced	O
out	O
92	B-CARDINAL
teachers	O
and	O
reshuffled	O
48	B-CARDINAL
principals	O
.	O


He	O
cut	O
the	O
dropout	O
rate	O
by	O
5.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


But	O
the	O
no	O
-	O
more	O
-	O
nonsense	O
superintendents	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
judicious	O
as	O
well	O
;	O
incompetent	O
principals	O
and	O
administrators	O
should	O
go	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
good	O
ones	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
left	O
alone	O
.	O


The	O
situation	O
will	O
be	O
especially	O
delicate	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Kimbrough	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
takes	O
over	O
a	O
school	O
system	O
in	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
radical	O
reform	O
.	O


Chicagoans	B-NORP
have	O
just	O
elected	O
540	B-CARDINAL
neophyte	O
school	O
boards	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
for	O
each	O
school	O
.	O


This	O
of	O
course	O
led	O
to	O
disaster	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


Getting	O
a	O
community	O
of	O
parents	O
to	O
care	O
again	O
about	O
its	O
schools	O
is	O
essential	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
the	O
new	O
boards	O
will	O
make	O
mistakes	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Kimbrough	B-PERSON
will	O
have	O
to	O
identify	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
rise	O
of	O
superintendents	O
such	O
as	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
Fernandez	I-PERSON
and	O
Ted	B-PERSON
Kimbrough	I-PERSON
suggests	O
plainly	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
disintegration	O
in	O
many	O
school	O
systems	O
.	O


The	O
schools	O
'	O
central	O
mission	O
,	O
educating	O
children	O
,	O
became	O
subsumed	O
by	O
the	O
competing	O
interests	O
of	O
bureaucrats	O
,	O
politicians	O
and	O
unions	O
.	O


The	O
classroom	O
itself	O
operated	O
on	O
the	O
periphery	O
of	O
this	O
awful	O
system	O
,	O
discipline	O
collapsed	O
,	O
and	O
kids	O
stopped	O
learning	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Chips	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
nice	O
fellow	O
,	O
and	O
maybe	O
some	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
he	O
'll	O
return	O
.	O


Until	O
then	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
clear	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
've	O
been	O
keeping	O
big	O
-	O
city	O
schools	O
down	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
dealing	O
with	O
the	O
Terminator	O
.	O


Ingersoll	B-ORG
Publications	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
agreed	O
to	O
buy	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Haven	I-ORG
Register	I-ORG
in	O
a	O
transaction	O
valued	O
at	O
$	B-MONEY
275	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
from	O
Goodson	B-ORG
Newspaper	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
agreement	O
,	O
Goodson	B-ORG
also	O
terminated	O
the	O
contract	O
under	O
which	O
Ingersoll	B-ORG
manages	O
Goodson	B-ORG
's	O
66	B-CARDINAL
newspapers	O
,	O
ending	O
a	O
long	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
that	O
has	O
turned	O
increasingly	O
bitter	O
recently	O
.	O


Goodson	B-ORG
has	O
accused	O
Ingersoll	B-ORG
of	O
paying	O
less	O
attention	O
to	O
its	O
properties	O
and	O
more	O
to	O
such	O
ventures	O
as	O
the	O
recent	O
launch	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
St.	I-ORG
Louis	I-ORG
Sun	I-ORG
.	O


Under	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
accord	O
,	O
Ingersoll	B-ORG
will	O
pay	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
255	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
Register	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
daily	O
that	O
Goodson	B-ORG
bought	O
for	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
170	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
1986	B-DATE
.	O


Goodson	B-ORG
will	O
pay	O
the	B-MONEY
additional	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
settlement	O
of	O
the	O
management	O
contract	O
.	O


Goodson	B-ORG
also	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
hired	O
the	O
former	O
president	O
and	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
Ingersoll	B-ORG
to	O
run	O
the	O
Goodson	B-ORG
papers	O
.	O


Both	O
executives	O
left	O
the	O
company	O
after	O
clashes	O
with	O
Chairman	O
Ralph	B-PERSON
Ingersoll	I-PERSON
Jr	I-PERSON
.	O


Goodson	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
based	O
here	O
,	O
will	O
use	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
proceeds	O
to	O
pay	O
down	O
debt	O
associated	O
with	O
its	O
purchase	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Morristown	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
Record	I-ORG
for	O
$	B-MONEY
155	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
1987	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
paper	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
Haven	I-GPE
,	O
Conn.	B-GPE
,	O
paper	O
,	O
was	O
purchased	O
by	O
Ingersoll	B-ORG
on	O
Goodson	B-ORG
's	O
behalf	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
management	O
contract	O
.	O


Industry	O
analysts	O
have	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
purchase	O
price	O
for	O
the	O
paper	O
was	O
too	O
high	O
,	O
causing	O
a	O
strain	O
on	O
Goodson	B-ORG
's	O
finances	O
.	O


Investment	O
bankers	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
company	O
said	O
Goodson	B-ORG
is	O
seeking	O
a	O
new	O
bank	O
credit	O
line	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
190	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
and	O
may	O
have	O
to	O
sell	O
additional	O
newspapers	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
N.	I-PERSON
Hurwitz	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
of	O
Goodson	B-ORG
,	O
said	O
in	O
a	O
telephone	O
interview	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
does	O
n't	O
currently	O
have	O
any	O
plans	O
to	O
sell	O
additional	O
newspapers	O
.	O


Goodson	B-ORG
said	O
David	B-PERSON
Carr	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
president	O
of	O
Ingersoll	B-ORG
Publications	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Ray	B-PERSON
Cockburn	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
would	O
head	O
the	O
new	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
management	O
team	O
at	O
Goodson	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
had	O
revenue	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
225	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
1988	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
stretches	O
back	O
thirty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
a	O
friendship	O
between	O
television	O
producer	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Goodson	I-PERSON
and	O
Ingersoll	B-ORG
founder	O
Ralph	B-PERSON
Ingersoll	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
latter	O
's	O
son	O
,	O
Ralph	B-PERSON
Ingersoll	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
took	O
over	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
managing	O
the	O
Goodson	B-ORG
properties	O
and	O
acting	O
as	O
an	O
agent	O
in	O
the	O
purchase	O
of	O
newspapers	O
for	O
Goodson	B-ORG
.	O


But	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Ingersoll	B-PERSON
began	O
focusing	O
more	O
on	O
expanding	O
his	O
own	O
newspaper	O
empire	O
in	O
partnership	O
with	O
investment	O
banking	O
firm	O
Warburg	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Pincus	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


Ingersoll	B-ORG
has	O
28	B-CARDINAL
dailies	O
and	O
200	B-CARDINAL
other	O
non-daily	O
papers	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
company	O
said	O
its	O
revenue	O
will	O
exceed	O
$	B-MONEY
750	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Ingersoll	B-ORG
President	O
Robert	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Jelenic	I-PERSON
said	O
in	O
a	O
statement	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
is	O
``	O
delighted	O
by	O
the	O
conclusion	O
of	O
the	O
Goodson	B-ORG
relationship	O
''	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
``	O
concentrate	O
all	O
our	O
energies	O
''	O
on	O
Ingersoll	B-ORG
's	O
own	O
papers	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Goodson	B-PERSON
,	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
statement	O
,	O
was	O
less	O
upbeat	O
,	O
saying	O
``	O
unfortunately	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
increasingly	O
clear	O
that	O
Ralph	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
have	O
different	O
agendas	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
feels	O
``	O
more	O
comfortable	O
with	O
a	O
management	O
team	O
whose	O
sole	O
interest	O
and	O
responsibility	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
Goodson	B-ORG
papers	O
.	O


Just	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
after	O
Ogilvy	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
was	O
swallowed	O
up	O
in	O
an	O
unsolicited	O
takeover	O
,	O
Kenneth	B-PERSON
Roman	I-PERSON
,	O
Ogilvy	B-ORG
's	O
chairman	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
,	O
said	O
he	O
is	O
leaving	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
top	O
post	O
at	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
,	O
59	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
abruptly	O
announced	O
he	O
will	O
leave	O
the	O
venerable	O
ad	O
agency	O
,	O
whose	O
largest	O
client	O
is	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
,	O
to	O
become	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
for	O
corporate	O
affairs	O
and	O
communications	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
succeed	O
Harry	B-PERSON
L.	I-PERSON
Freeman	I-PERSON
,	O
57	B-DATE
,	O
who	O
has	O
said	O
he	O
will	O
retire	O
in	O
December	B-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Freeman	B-PERSON
said	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
that	O
he	O
would	O
retire	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
take	O
``	O
executive	O
responsibility	O
''	O
for	O
an	O
embarrassing	O
effort	O
to	O
discredit	O
banker	O
Edmond	B-PERSON
Safra	I-PERSON
.	O


American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
representatives	O
apparently	O
influenced	O
the	O
publication	O
of	O
unfavorable	O
articles	O
about	O
Mr.	O
Safra	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
company	O
later	O
apologized	O
and	O
agreed	O
to	O
make	O
$	B-MONEY
8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
contributions	O
to	O
charities	O
chosen	O
by	O
him	O
.	O


Although	O
Mr.	O
Freeman	B-PERSON
is	O
retiring	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
work	O
as	O
a	O
consultant	O
for	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
on	O
a	O
project	O
basis	O
.	O


Ad	O
industry	O
executives	O
were	O
n't	O
surprised	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
's	O
decision	O
to	O
leave	O
Ogilvy	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
agency	O
,	O
under	O
his	O
direction	O
,	O
bitterly	O
fought	O
a	O
takeover	O
attempt	O
by	O
WPP	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
of	O
London	B-GPE
before	O
succumbing	O
in	O
May	B-DATE
.	O


And	O
although	O
Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
and	O
WPP	B-ORG
's	O
chief	O
executive	O
,	O
Martin	B-PERSON
Sorrell	I-PERSON
,	O
have	O
gone	O
out	O
of	O
their	O
way	O
to	O
be	O
publicly	O
supportive	O
of	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
people	O
close	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
say	O
he	O
was	O
unhappy	O
giving	O
up	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


Some	O
executives	O
also	O
cite	O
tension	O
because	O
of	O
efforts	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Sorrell	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
financial	O
man	O
,	O
to	O
cut	O
costs	O
at	O
the	O
agency	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
will	O
be	O
succeeded	O
as	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
Ogilvy	B-ORG
's	O
flagship	O
ad	O
agency	O
,	O
Ogilvy	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Mather	I-ORG
Worldwide	I-ORG
,	O
by	O
Graham	B-PERSON
Phillips	I-PERSON
,	O
50	B-DATE
,	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
president	O
of	O
North	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
operations	O
and	O
who	O
,	O
like	O
Mr.	O
Sorrell	B-PERSON
,	O
is	O
British	B-NORP
.	O


Alexander	B-PERSON
Brody	I-PERSON
,	O
56	B-DATE
,	O
will	O
take	O
on	O
the	O
newly	O
created	O
position	O
of	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
agency	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
of	O
its	O
international	O
operations	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
been	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
international	O
operations	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
also	O
had	O
overseen	O
Ogilvy	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
units	O
,	O
the	O
Scali	B-ORG
McCabe	I-ORG
Sloves	I-ORG
advertising	O
agency	O
and	O
its	O
research	O
division	O
,	O
but	O
those	O
units	O
will	O
now	O
report	O
directly	O
to	O
WPP	B-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
appears	O
custom	O
-	O
made	O
for	O
the	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
job	O
.	O


Known	O
as	O
a	O
traditional	O
executive	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
very	O
much	O
in	O
the	O
conservative	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
mold	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
after	O
26	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
at	O
Ogilvy	B-ORG
he	O
had	O
honed	O
a	O
reputation	O
for	O
being	O
squeaky	O
-	O
clean	O
and	O
a	O
straight	O
arrow	O
--	O
which	O
can	O
only	O
help	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
the	O
Safra	B-PERSON
incident	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
is	O
close	O
to	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
chairman	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
,	O
James	B-PERSON
D.	I-PERSON
Robinson	I-PERSON
III	I-PERSON
.	O


Aside	O
from	O
working	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Robinson	B-PERSON
on	O
the	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
advertising	O
account	O
for	O
about	B-DATE
11	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
serves	O
on	O
several	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
charities	O
and	O
boards	O
as	O
Mr.	O
Robinson	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
abrupt	O
management	O
change	O
sparked	O
widespread	O
speculation	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
had	O
been	O
pushed	O
out	O
of	O
Ogilvy	B-ORG
's	O
top	O
spot	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Sorrell	B-PERSON
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
flatly	O
denied	O
the	O
speculation	O
,	O
saying	O
Mr.	O
Sorrell	B-PERSON
had	O
tried	O
several	O
times	O
to	O
persuade	O
him	O
to	O
stay	O
,	O
offering	O
various	O
incentives	O
and	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
instance	O
sending	O
a	O
note	O
with	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
wine	O
-LRB-	O
The	O
wine	O
,	O
naturally	O
,	O
was	O
Seagram	B-ORG
's	O
brand	O
,	O
an	O
Ogilvy	B-ORG
client	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


``	O
He	O
asked	O
me	O
not	O
to	O
resign	O
.	O


The	O
implication	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
pushed	O
aside	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
accurate	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Sorrell	B-PERSON
,	O
traveling	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Far	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
reached	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
said	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Mr.	O
Robinson	B-PERSON
first	O
approached	O
him	O
about	O
the	O
job	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
September	I-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
industry	O
executives	O
,	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Sutherland	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
European	B-ORG
Community	I-ORG
commissioner	O
from	O
Ireland	B-GPE
,	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
serious	O
contender	O
for	O
the	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
job	O
.	O


Although	O
it	O
ultimately	O
was	O
n't	O
offered	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
be	O
on	O
retainer	O
to	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
as	O
an	O
adviser	O
on	O
international	O
matters	O
.	O


After	O
talking	O
on	O
and	O
off	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
he	O
agreed	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
job	O
because	O
``	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
terrific	O
opportunity	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
I	O
leave	O
the	O
company	O
in	O
very	O
strong	O
hands	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
my	O
decision	O
,	O
not	O
anyone	O
else	O
's	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
also	O
brushed	O
aside	O
reports	O
about	O
infighting	O
between	O
him	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Phillips	B-PERSON
,	O
his	O
successor	O
at	O
Ogilvy	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
executives	O
could	O
hardly	O
be	O
more	O
different	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
comes	O
across	O
as	O
a	O
low	O
-	O
key	O
executive	O
;	O
Mr.	O
Phillips	B-PERSON
has	O
a	O
flashier	O
personality	O
.	O


During	O
time	O
off	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
tends	O
to	O
his	O
garden	O
;	O
Mr.	O
Phillips	B-PERSON
confesses	O
to	O
a	O
fondness	O
for	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
fast	O
cars	O
and	O
planes	O
.	O


Industry	O
executives	O
say	O
that	O
although	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
executives	O
used	O
to	O
clash	O
more	O
frequently	O
,	O
the	O
WPP	B-ORG
takeover	O
brought	O
them	O
closer	O
together	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
'm	O
the	O
guy	O
who	O
made	O
him	O
head	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
president	O
of	O
North	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
,	O
and	O
recommended	O
him	O
-LCB-	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Sorrell	B-PERSON
-RCB-	O
as	O
my	O
successor	O
.	O


Would	O
I	O
have	O
done	O
all	O
those	O
things	O
successively	O
if	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
think	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
right	O
guy	O
?	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
asked	O
.	O


He	O
labeled	O
reports	O
of	O
friction	O
``	O
ridiculous	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
spent	O
part	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
on	O
Mr.	O
Phillips	B-PERSON
's	O
boat	O
in	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
will	O
oversee	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
public	O
relations	O
and	O
government	O
affairs	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
its	O
advertising	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
handled	O
by	O
the	O
operating	O
units	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
consider	O
this	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
career	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
will	O
sit	O
on	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
corporate	O
planning	O
and	O
policy	O
committee	O
,	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
corporate	O
and	O
operating	O
executives	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
's	O
departure	O
is	O
n't	O
expected	O
to	O
have	O
any	O
enormous	O
repercussions	O
at	O
Ogilvy	B-ORG
.	O


American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
,	O
Kraft	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Foods	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Mattel	B-ORG
executives	O
said	O
the	O
move	O
wo	O
n't	O
affect	O
their	O
relationships	O
with	O
the	O
ad	O
agency	O
.	O


``	O
General	B-ORG
Foods	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
relationships	O
with	O
its	O
agencies	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
agencies	O
'	O
work	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
David	B-PERSON
Hurwitt	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
Kraft	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Foods	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
some	O
clients	O
and	O
analysts	O
expressed	O
concern	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Phillips	B-PERSON
is	O
n't	O
as	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
to	O
many	O
clients	O
.	O


``	O
Ken	B-PERSON
was	O
my	O
key	O
contact	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
J.	B-PERSON
Nicholas	I-PERSON
Hahn	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
of	O
Cotton	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
represents	O
cotton	O
producers	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
-LCB-	O
Mr.	O
Phillips	B-PERSON
-RCB-	O
all	O
that	O
well	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
seen	O
or	O
talked	O
to	O
him	O
in	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O
''	O


And	O
some	O
analysts	O
questioned	O
whether	O
Mr.	O
Phillips	B-PERSON
would	O
have	O
the	O
skills	O
Ogilvy	B-ORG
needs	O
to	O
turn	O
the	O
agency	O
around	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
agency	O
has	O
done	O
well	O
in	O
many	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
its	O
flagship	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
office	O
has	O
had	O
a	O
dismal	O
track	O
record	O
recently	O
;	O
it	O
has	O
won	O
few	O
new	O
accounts	O
while	O
losing	O
big	O
ones	O
,	O
including	O
Maxwell	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
I	O
think	O
-LCB-	O
Mr.	O
Phillips	B-PERSON
-RCB-	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
need	O
some	O
help	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
they	O
need	O
creative	O
leadership	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
they	O
have	O
it	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Emma	B-PERSON
Hill	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
analyst	O
with	O
Wertheim	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


Ogilvy	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Mather	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
top	O
creative	O
executive	O
,	O
Norman	B-PERSON
Berry	I-PERSON
,	O
left	O
the	O
agency	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
Norm	B-PERSON
Berry	I-PERSON
was	O
a	O
creative	O
inspiration	O
at	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
and	O
nobody	O
has	O
filled	O
that	O
void	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Ms.	O
Hill	B-PERSON
.	O


But	O
other	O
analysts	O
said	O
that	O
having	O
Mr.	O
Phillips	B-PERSON
succeed	O
Mr.	O
Roman	B-PERSON
would	O
make	O
for	O
a	O
smooth	O
transition	O
.	O


``	O
Graham	B-PERSON
Phillips	I-PERSON
has	O
been	O
there	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
knows	O
the	O
culture	O
well	O
,	O
is	O
aggressive	O
,	O
and	O
apparently	O
gets	O
along	O
well	O
with	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Sorrell	B-PERSON
,	O
said	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
Wallach	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
analyst	O
with	O
Drexel	B-ORG
Burnham	I-ORG
Lambert	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
probably	O
a	O
reasonable	O
transition	O
.	O


Hopefully	O
,	O
he	O
'll	O
be	O
the	O
answer	O
to	O
the	O
problems	O
they	O
've	O
had	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O
''	O


Sale	O
of	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
Unit	O
Close	O


Computer	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
El	B-GPE
Segundo	I-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
it	O
is	O
close	O
to	O
making	O
final	O
an	O
agreement	O
to	O
buy	O
Cleveland	B-ORG
Consulting	I-ORG
Associates	I-ORG
from	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Saatchi	I-ORG


Computer	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
would	O
n't	O
disclose	O
the	O
proposed	O
purchase	O
price	O
for	O
Cleveland	B-ORG
Consulting	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
counsels	O
companies	O
on	O
logistics	O
and	O
supply	O
.	O


But	O
David	B-PERSON
Lord	I-PERSON
,	O
managing	O
editor	O
of	O
Consultants	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
industry	O
publication	O
based	O
in	O
Fitzwilliam	B-GPE
,	O
N.H.	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
an	O
industry	O
standard	O
would	O
suggest	O
a	O
purchase	O
price	O
of	O
between	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
times	O
Cleveland	B-ORG
Consulting	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
approximately	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
15	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
annual	B-DATE
revenue	O
.	O


Both	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Saatchi	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
announced	O
its	O
intention	O
to	O
sell	O
off	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
consulting	O
business	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
Cleveland	B-ORG
Consulting	I-ORG
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
proposed	O
sale	O
.	O


Ad	O
Notes	O
...	O
.	O


NEW	O
ACCOUNT	O
:	O


AmBase	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
awarded	O
the	O
ad	O
account	O
for	O
its	O
Home	B-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
unit	O
to	O
Biederman	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Kelly	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Shaffer	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Billings	O
were	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
...	O
.	O


Puerto	B-ORG
Rico	I-ORG
Telephone	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
awarded	O
its	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
account	O
to	O
West	B-ORG
Indies	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Grey	I-ORG
,	O
Grey	B-ORG
Advertising	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
office	O
in	O
Puerto	B-GPE
Rico	I-GPE
.	O


DIET	B-PRODUCT
COKE	I-PRODUCT
:	I-PRODUCT


Coca	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Cola	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
yesterday	B-DATE
said	O
singer	O
Elton	B-PERSON
John	I-PERSON
signed	O
to	O
appear	O
in	O
an	O
ad	O
for	O
Diet	B-PRODUCT
Coke	I-PRODUCT
.	O


Details	O
of	O
the	O
commercial	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
brand	O
's	O
1990	B-DATE
advertising	O
campaign	O
,	O
were	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
.	O


Mr.	O
John	B-PERSON
becomes	O
the	O
latest	O
of	O
many	O
music	O
stars	O
,	O
including	O
George	B-PERSON
Michael	I-PERSON
and	O
Whitney	B-PERSON
Houston	I-PERSON
,	O
to	O
appear	O
in	O
ads	O
for	O
the	O
diet	O
drink	O
.	O


Turner	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
System	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
formed	O
a	O
unit	O
to	O
make	O
and	O
distribute	O
movies	O
to	O
theaters	O
overseas	O
and	O
,	O
eventually	O
,	O
to	O
U.S.	B-GPE
theaters	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


The	O
operator	O
of	O
cable	O
-	O
television	O
networks	O
said	O
the	O
new	O
Turner	B-ORG
Pictures	I-ORG
unit	O
will	O
produce	O
movies	O
that	O
will	O
premiere	O
on	O
Turner	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Turner	B-ORG
Network	I-ORG
Television	I-ORG
channel	O
,	O
or	O
TNT	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
then	O
will	O
be	O
released	O
internationally	O
in	O
movie	O
theaters	O
.	O


The	O
unit	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
offerings	O
are	O
slated	O
to	O
be	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Secret	I-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Ian	I-WORK_OF_ART
Fleming	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
a	O
dramatization	O
about	O
the	O
former	O
British	B-NORP
spy	O
who	O
wrote	O
the	O
James	B-PERSON
Bond	I-PERSON
novels	O
,	O
and	O
``	O
Treasure	B-WORK_OF_ART
Island	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
produced	O
by	O
Charlton	B-PERSON
Heston	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
also	O
stars	O
in	O
the	O
movie	O
.	O


Ted	B-PERSON
Turner	I-PERSON
,	O
Turner	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
chairman	O
,	O
was	O
named	O
chairman	O
of	O
Turner	B-ORG
Pictures	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Gerry	B-PERSON
Hogan	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Turner	B-ORG
Entertainment	I-ORG
Networks	I-ORG
,	O
was	O
named	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
unit	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
interview	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Hogan	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
subsidiary	O
's	O
primary	O
mission	O
will	O
be	O
to	O
make	O
movies	O
for	O
TNT	B-ORG
and	O
to	O
distribute	O
them	O
internationally	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
said	O
Turner	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
already	O
has	O
found	O
some	O
ideas	O
that	O
might	O
work	O
well	O
as	O
films	O
for	O
theatrical	O
release	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
When	O
that	O
occurs	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
the	O
time	O
is	O
right	O
,	O
we	O
'll	O
release	O
the	O
films	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
adding	O
that	O
Turner	B-ORG
Pictures	I-ORG
may	O
develop	O
such	O
movies	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
for	O
domestic	O
release	O
in	O
1991	B-DATE
.	O


Turner	B-ORG
has	O
made	O
several	O
movies	O
,	O
docudramas	O
and	O
documentaries	O
for	O
its	O
networks	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
company	O
has	O
never	O
acted	O
as	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
fledged	O
movie	O
studio	O
and	O
released	O
its	O
own	O
pictures	O
to	O
theaters	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Hogan	B-PERSON
said	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Secret	I-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Ian	I-WORK_OF_ART
Fleming	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
and	O
``	O
Treasure	B-WORK_OF_ART
Island	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
cost	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
each	O
to	O
make	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
only	B-CARDINAL
about	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
the	O
cost	O
of	O
most	O
movies	O
made	O
for	O
theatrical	O
release	O
.	O


The	O
Turner	B-ORG
move	O
is	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
a	O
cable	O
-	O
TV	O
trend	O
toward	O
more	O
original	O
programming	O
--	O
and	O
toward	O
finding	O
more	O
ways	O
to	O
amortize	O
the	O
high	O
cost	O
of	O
producing	O
films	O
.	O


In	O
July	B-DATE
,	O
Viacom	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
formed	O
Viacom	B-ORG
Pictures	I-ORG
to	O
produce	O
12	B-CARDINAL
low	O
-	O
budget	O
movies	O
a	O
year	O
that	O
will	O
premiere	O
on	O
Showtime	B-ORG
network	O
and	O
be	O
distributed	O
later	O
in	O
various	O
markets	O
,	O
including	O
foreign	O
theaters	O
.	O


Crude	O
oil	O
futures	O
prices	O
fell	O
further	O
as	O
analysts	O
and	O
traders	O
said	O
OPEC	B-ORG
oil	O
producers	O
are	O
n't	O
putting	O
the	O
brakes	O
on	O
output	O
ahead	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
traditionally	I-DATE
weak	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
trading	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Mercantile	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
benchmark	O
West	B-PRODUCT
Texas	I-PRODUCT
Intermediate	I-PRODUCT
crude	O
fell	O
39	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
barrel	O
to	O
$	O
19.76	B-MONEY
for	O
December	B-DATE
delivery	O
.	O


Petroleum	O
products	O
prices	O
also	O
declined	O
.	O


Analysts	O
pointed	O
to	O
reports	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Exporting	I-ORG
Countries	I-ORG
is	O
producing	O
substantially	O
more	O
than	O
its	O
official	O
limit	O
of	O
20.5	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
accounts	O
putting	O
the	O
13	B-CARDINAL
-	O
nation	O
group	B-ORG
's	O
output	O
as	B-QUANTITY
high	I-QUANTITY
as	I-QUANTITY
23	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
.	O


That	O
level	O
of	O
production	O
did	O
n't	O
take	O
its	O
toll	O
on	O
futures	O
prices	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
demand	O
is	O
traditionally	O
strong	O
.	O


But	O
because	O
first	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
demand	O
is	O
normally	O
the	O
weakest	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
several	O
market	O
participants	O
say	O
,	O
OPEC	B-ORG
production	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
decline	O
to	O
keep	O
prices	O
from	O
eroding	O
further	O
.	O


The	O
group	O
plans	O
to	O
meet	O
in	O
a	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
to	O
discuss	O
production	O
strategy	O
for	O
early	B-DATE
1990	I-DATE
.	O


With	O
prices	O
already	O
headed	O
lower	O
,	O
news	O
of	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
explosions	O
at	O
a	O
major	O
Phillips	B-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
chemical	O
facility	O
on	O
the	B-LOC
Houston	I-LOC
Ship	I-LOC
Channel	I-LOC
also	O
was	O
bearish	O
for	O
prices	O
.	O


Even	O
though	O
such	O
facilities	O
use	O
a	O
relatively	O
small	O
amount	O
of	O
crude	O
,	O
analysts	O
say	O
,	O
now	O
the	O
facility	O
wo	O
n't	O
need	O
any	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
already	O
high	O
availability	O
.	O


The	O
Phillips	B-ORG
plant	O
makes	O
polyethylene	O
,	O
polypropylene	O
and	O
other	O
plastic	O
products	O
.	O


A	O
company	O
official	O
said	O
the	O
explosions	O
began	O
when	O
a	O
seal	O
blew	O
out	O
.	O


Dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
workers	O
were	O
injured	O
,	O
authorities	O
said	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
no	O
immediate	O
estimate	O
of	O
damage	O
from	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


Some	O
petroleum	O
futures	O
traders	O
say	O
technical	O
considerations	O
now	O
will	O
help	O
to	O
put	O
downward	O
pressure	O
on	O
futures	O
prices	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
trader	O
said	O
that	O
prices	O
inevitably	O
will	O
go	O
lower	O
now	O
that	O
they	O
've	O
fallen	O
below	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
a	O
barrel	O
.	O


``	O
Our	O
technician	O
is	O
a	O
little	O
bearish	O
now	O
that	O
we	O
've	O
taken	O
out	O
$	O
20	B-MONEY
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
commodity	O
markets	O
yesterday	B-DATE
:	O


COPPER	O
:	O


The	O
selling	O
that	O
started	O
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
continued	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
December	B-DATE
contract	O
fell	O
3.85	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
pound	O
to	O
$	O
1.1960	B-MONEY
.	O


London	B-ORG
Metal	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
warehouse	O
stocks	O
were	O
down	O
only	B-QUANTITY
4,800	I-QUANTITY
metric	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
for	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
to	O
84,500	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
;	O
expectations	O
late	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
were	O
a	O
drop	O
of	O
10,000	B-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
15,000	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
.	O


The	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
market	O
made	O
its	O
high	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
opening	O
and	O
when	O
it	O
dropped	O
below	O
the	O
$	O
1.23	B-MONEY
-	O
a	O
-	O
pound	O
level	O
,	O
selling	O
picked	O
up	O
as	O
previous	O
buyers	O
bailed	O
out	O
of	O
their	O
positions	O
and	O
aggressive	O
short	O
sellers	O
--	O
anticipating	O
further	O
declines	O
--	O
moved	O
in	O
.	O


Fund	O
selling	O
also	O
picked	O
up	O
at	O
that	O
point	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Bernard	B-PERSON
Savaiko	I-PERSON
,	O
senior	O
commodity	O
analyst	O
at	O
PaineWebber	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
only	O
stability	O
to	O
the	O
market	O
came	O
when	O
short	O
sellers	O
periodically	O
moved	O
in	O
to	O
cover	O
their	O
positions	O
by	O
buying	O
contracts	O
.	O


This	O
activity	O
produced	O
small	O
rallies	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
attracted	O
new	O
short	O
selling	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Savaiko	B-PERSON
noted	O
that	O
copper	O
had	O
a	O
steep	O
fall	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
a	O
weak	O
dollar	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
normally	O
support	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
copper	O
market	O
.	O


Such	O
support	O
usually	O
comes	O
from	O
arbitragers	O
who	O
use	O
a	O
strong	O
British	B-NORP
pound	O
to	O
buy	O
copper	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


``	O
The	O
sell	O
-	O
off	O
would	O
probably	O
have	O
been	O
worse	O
if	O
the	O
dollar	O
had	O
been	O
strong	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Copper	O
has	O
been	O
stuck	O
in	O
a	O
trading	O
range	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1.19	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.34	I-MONEY
.	O


Mr.	O
Savaiko	B-PERSON
believes	O
that	O
if	O
copper	O
falls	O
below	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
this	O
range	O
the	O
next	O
significant	O
support	O
level	O
will	O
be	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.04	I-MONEY
.	O


PRECIOUS	O
METALS	O
:	O


Platinum	O
and	O
palladium	O
struggled	O
to	O
maintain	O
their	O
prices	O
all	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
despite	O
news	O
stories	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
that	O
recent	O
cold	O
fusion	O
experiments	O
,	O
which	O
use	O
both	O
metals	O
,	O
showed	O
signs	O
of	O
producing	O
extra	O
heat	O
.	O


January	B-DATE
platinum	O
closed	O
down	O
$	O
2.80	B-MONEY
an	O
ounce	O
at	O
$	O
486.30	B-MONEY
,	O
nearly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
above	O
its	O
low	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


December	B-DATE
palladium	O
was	O
off	O
$	O
1.55	B-MONEY
an	O
ounce	O
at	O
$	O
137.20	B-MONEY
.	O


Platinum	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
have	O
good	O
support	O
around	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
480	I-MONEY
and	O
palladium	O
at	O
around	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
130	I-MONEY
.	O


Some	O
traders	O
were	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
auto	O
sales	O
report	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
released	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Such	O
sales	O
are	O
watched	O
closely	O
by	O
platinum	O
and	O
palladium	O
traders	O
because	O
both	O
metals	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
automobile	O
catalytic	O
converters	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Savaiko	B-PERSON
theorized	O
that	O
the	O
news	O
on	O
cold	O
fusion	O
did	O
n't	O
affect	O
the	O
market	O
yesterday	B-DATE
because	O
many	O
traders	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
badly	O
burnt	O
by	O
such	O
stories	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
the	O
traders	O
are	O
demanding	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
proof	O
before	O
they	O
will	O
buy	O
palladium	O
again	O
.	O


Also	O
weighing	O
on	O
both	O
metals	O
'	O
prices	O
is	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
chief	O
supplier	O
,	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
.	O


Many	O
analysts	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
'	O
thirst	O
for	O
dollars	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
buy	O
grain	O
and	O
other	O
Western	O
commodities	O
and	O
goods	O
will	O
bring	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
market	O
whenever	O
prices	O
rally	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


GRAINS	O
AND	O
SOYBEANS	O
:	O


Prices	O
closed	O
mixed	O
as	O
contracts	O
reacted	O
to	O
largely	O
offsetting	O
bullish	O
and	O
bearish	O
news	O
.	O


On	O
the	B-ORG
Chicago	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
,	O
soybeans	O
for	O
November	B-DATE
delivery	O
closed	O
at	O
$	O
5.63	B-MONEY
a	O
bushel	O
,	O
down	O
half	B-MONEY
a	I-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
,	O
while	O
the	O
December	B-DATE
wheat	O
contract	O
rose	O
three	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
quarters	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
a	I-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
to	O
$	O
4.0775	B-MONEY
a	O
bushel	O
.	O


Supporting	O
prices	O
was	O
the	O
announcement	O
late	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
of	O
additional	O
grain	O
sales	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
.	O


But	O
acting	O
as	O
a	O
drag	O
on	O
prices	O
was	O
the	O
improved	O
harvest	O
weather	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
and	O
the	O
prospect	O
for	O
continued	O
fair	O
weather	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
over	O
much	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Farm	I-LOC
Belt	I-LOC
.	O


Strong	O
farmer	O
selling	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
also	O
weighed	O
on	O
prices	O
.	O


SUGAR	O
:	O


World	O
prices	O
tumbled	O
,	O
mostly	O
from	O
their	O
own	O
weight	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
analysts	O
.	O


The	O
March	B-DATE
contract	O
ended	O
at	O
13.79	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
pound	O
,	O
down	O
0.37	B-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
or	O
so	O
,	O
traders	O
have	O
been	O
expecting	O
India	B-GPE
to	O
buy	O
between	B-QUANTITY
150,000	I-QUANTITY
and	I-QUANTITY
200,000	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
refined	O
sugar	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
expectations	O
of	O
a	O
major	O
purchase	O
by	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
with	O
no	O
reports	O
of	O
either	O
country	O
actually	O
entering	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
analysts	O
said	O
,	O
futures	O
prices	O
became	O
vulnerable	O
.	O


Developing	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
India	B-GPE
,	O
some	O
analysts	O
said	O
,	O
seem	O
to	O
have	O
made	O
it	O
a	O
point	O
to	O
stay	O
away	O
whenever	O
sugar	O
reached	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
its	O
trading	O
range	O
,	O
around	B-MONEY
14.75	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
wait	O
for	O
prices	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
range	O
,	O
around	B-MONEY
13.50	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
.	O


But	O
Erik	B-PERSON
Dunlaevy	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
sugar	O
analyst	O
with	O
Balfour	B-ORG
Maclaine	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
the	O
explanation	O
for	O
the	O
latest	O
drop	O
in	O
sugar	O
prices	O
is	O
much	O
simpler	O
:	O
Speculators	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
got	O
too	O
long	O
too	O
soon	O
and	O
ran	O
into	O
resistance	O
around	O
the	O
old	O
contract	O
highs	O
.	O
''	O


A	O
PaineWebber	B-ORG
analyst	O
said	O
that	O
in	O
light	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
estimate	O
of	O
a	O
production	O
increase	O
of	O
four	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
metric	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
and	O
only	O
a	O
modest	O
increase	O
in	O
consumption	O
,	O
sugar	O
is	O
n't	O
likely	O
to	O
rise	O
above	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
its	O
trading	O
range	O
without	O
a	O
crop	O
problem	O
in	O
a	O
major	O
producing	O
country	O
.	O


COCOA	O
:	O


Futures	O
rallied	O
modestly	O
.	O


The	O
December	B-DATE
contract	O
rose	O
$	O
33	B-MONEY
a	O
metric	O
ton	O
to	O
$	O
1,027	B-MONEY
,	O
near	O
its	O
high	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


Gill	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Duffus	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
British	B-NORP
cocoa	O
-	O
trading	O
house	O
,	O
estimated	O
that	O
the	O
1989	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
90	I-DATE
world	O
cocoa	O
surplus	O
would	O
be	O
231,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
,	O
down	O
from	O
314,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
for	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Market	O
technicians	O
were	O
encouraged	O
by	O
the	O
price	O
patterns	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
have	O
preceded	O
sharp	O
rallies	O
.	O


Recent	O
prices	O
for	O
cocoa	O
have	O
been	O
near	O
levels	O
last	O
seen	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
mid-1970s	I-DATE
.	O


At	O
such	O
prices	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Savaiko	B-PERSON
,	O
bargain	O
hunting	O
and	O
short	O
-	O
covering	O
--	O
buying	O
back	O
of	O
contracts	O
previously	O
sold	O
--	O
by	O
speculators	O
is	O
n't	O
uncommon	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Savaiko	B-PERSON
expects	O
stepped	O
-	O
up	O
producer	O
selling	O
at	O
around	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
1,040	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1,050	I-MONEY
level	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
noted	O
that	O
a	O
strong	O
sterling	O
market	O
yesterday	B-DATE
might	O
have	O
helped	O
cocoa	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
as	O
arbitragers	O
took	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
currency	O
move	O
.	O


Sandra	B-PERSON
Kaul	I-PERSON
,	O
research	O
analyst	O
at	O
Shearson	B-ORG
Lehman	I-ORG
Hutton	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
the	O
market	O
pushed	O
higher	O
mainly	O
in	O
anticipation	O
of	O
a	O
late	O
harvest	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Ivory	I-GPE
Coast	I-GPE
,	O
a	O
major	O
cocoa	O
producer	O
.	O


Rockwell	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
bought	O
out	O
Ikegai	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
interest	O
in	O
Ikegai	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Goss	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
joint	O
venture	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
based	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
price	O
was	O
3.6	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
25	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
agreement	O
provides	O
that	O
Ikegai	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
will	O
remain	O
a	O
supplier	O
to	O
Ikegai	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Goss	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
makes	O
printing	O
presses	O
for	O
the	O
newspaper	O
industry	O
.	O


The	O
purchase	O
was	O
made	O
by	O
Rockwell	B-ORG
Graphic	I-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Chicago	B-GPE
subsidiary	O
of	O
the	O
El	B-GPE
Segundo	I-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
,	O
concern	O
.	O


Ikegai	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Goss	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
has	O
about	B-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
employees	O
,	O
is	O
among	O
the	O
industry	O
leaders	O
in	O
keyless	O
inking	O
technology	O
,	O
which	O
reduces	O
time	O
and	O
materials	O
waste	O
when	O
preparing	O
a	O
press	O
for	O
printing	O
.	O


The	O
bond	O
market	O
,	O
which	O
sometimes	O
thrives	O
on	O
bad	O
news	O
,	O
cheered	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
stock	O
market	O
sell	O
-	O
off	O
and	O
perceptions	O
that	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
growing	O
weaker	O
.	O


Early	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
bonds	O
rose	O
modestly	O
on	O
economists	O
'	O
forecasts	O
that	O
this	O
week	B-DATE
's	O
slate	O
of	O
economic	O
data	O
will	O
portray	O
an	O
economy	O
headed	O
for	O
trouble	O
.	O


Such	O
news	O
is	O
good	O
for	O
bonds	O
because	O
economic	O
weakness	O
sometimes	O
causes	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
to	O
lower	O
interest	O
rates	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
stimulate	O
the	O
economy	O
and	O
stave	O
off	O
a	O
recession	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
today	B-DATE
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
release	O
the	O
September	B-DATE
durable	O
goods	O
report	O
.	O


The	O
consensus	O
forecast	O
of	O
14	B-CARDINAL
economists	O
surveyed	O
by	O
Dow	B-ORG
Jones	I-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Markets	I-ORG
Report	I-ORG
is	O
for	O
a	O
1.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
drop	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
orders	O
.	O


That	O
would	O
follow	O
a	O
3.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
advance	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
.	O


Bonds	O
received	O
a	O
bigger	O
boost	O
later	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
when	O
stock	O
prices	O
moved	O
broadly	O
lower	O
.	O


The	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
fell	O
26.23	B-CARDINAL
points	O
to	O
2662.91	B-CARDINAL
.	O


``	O
Bond	O
investors	O
have	O
been	O
watching	O
stocks	O
closely	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Joel	B-PERSON
Marver	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
fixed	O
-	O
income	O
analyst	O
at	O
Technical	B-ORG
Data	I-ORG
Global	I-ORG
Markets	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
When	O
you	O
get	O
a	O
big	O
sell	O
-	O
off	O
in	O
equities	O
,	O
money	O
starts	O
to	O
shift	O
into	O
bonds	O
,	O
''	O
which	O
are	O
considered	O
safer	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
Treasury	B-ORG
's	O
benchmark	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
bond	O
ended	O
about	B-CARDINAL
1/2	I-CARDINAL
point	O
higher	O
,	O
or	O
up	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
for	O
each	O
$	O
1,000	B-MONEY
face	O
amount	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
yield	O
slid	O
to	O
7.93	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
7.98	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


Municipals	O
ended	O
mixed	O
,	O
while	O
mortgage	O
-	O
backed	O
and	O
investment	O
-	O
grade	O
corporate	O
bonds	O
rose	O
.	O


Prices	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
yield	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
corporate	O
securities	O
ended	O
unchanged	O
.	O


In	O
more	O
evidence	O
of	O
the	O
growing	O
division	O
between	O
``	O
good	O
''	O
and	O
``	O
bad	O
''	O
junk	O
bonds	O
,	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
issue	O
by	O
Imo	B-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
was	O
snapped	O
up	O
by	O
investors	O
while	O
underwriters	O
for	O
Beatrice	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
$	B-MONEY
350	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
issue	O
are	O
considering	O
restructuring	O
the	O
deal	O
to	O
attract	O
buyers	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
market	O
,	O
analysts	O
expect	O
bond	O
prices	O
to	O
trade	O
in	O
narrow	O
ranges	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
as	O
the	O
market	O
takes	O
in	O
positive	O
and	O
negative	O
news	O
.	O


``	O
On	O
the	O
negative	O
side	O
,	O
the	O
market	O
will	O
be	O
affected	O
by	O
constant	O
supply	O
in	O
all	O
sectors	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
William	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Brachfeld	I-PERSON
,	O
economist	O
at	O
Daiwa	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
economic	O
news	O
that	O
is	O
-LCB-	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
-RCB-	O
relatively	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
bond	O
market	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
go	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
with	O
a	O
tilt	O
toward	O
slightly	O
lower	O
yields	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Today	O
,	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
will	O
sell	O
$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
new	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
notes	O
.	O


Tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
Resolution	B-ORG
Funding	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
division	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
government	O
agency	O
created	O
to	O
bail	O
out	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
troubled	O
thrifts	O
,	O
will	O
hold	O
its	O
first	B-ORDINAL
bond	O
auction	O
at	O
which	O
it	O
will	O
sell	O
$	B-MONEY
4.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
bonds	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
money	O
managers	O
and	O
other	O
bond	O
buyers	O
have	O
n't	O
shown	O
much	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
Refcorp	B-ORG
bonds	O
.	O


Analysts	O
have	O
mixed	O
views	O
about	O
the	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
note	O
auction	O
.	O


While	O
some	O
say	O
the	O
auction	O
should	O
proceed	O
smoothly	O
,	O
others	O
contend	O
that	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
sale	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
2.58	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
asset	O
-	O
backed	O
securities	O
by	O
Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Credit	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
may	O
have	O
siphoned	O
some	O
potential	O
institutional	O
buyers	O
from	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
note	O
sale	O
.	O


The	O
division	O
of	O
auto	O
maker	O
Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
made	O
its	O
debut	O
in	O
the	O
asset	O
-	O
backed	O
securities	O
market	O
with	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
-	O
largest	O
issue	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
history	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
offered	O
securities	O
backed	O
by	O
automobile	O
loans	O
through	O
an	O
underwriting	O
group	O
headed	O
by	O
First	B-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
issue	O
yields	O
8.90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
carries	O
a	O
guarantee	O
covering	O
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
deal	O
from	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


First	B-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
sweetened	O
the	O
terms	O
from	O
the	O
original	O
yield	O
estimate	O
in	O
an	O
apparent	O
effort	O
to	O
place	O
the	O
huge	O
offering	O
.	O


The	O
issue	O
was	O
offered	O
at	O
a	O
yield	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
percentage	O
point	O
above	O
the	O
yield	O
on	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
Treasurys	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
asset	O
-	O
backed	O
deal	O
larger	O
than	O
Ford	B-ORG
's	O
was	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
offering	O
by	O
General	B-ORG
Motors	I-ORG
Acceptance	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
in	O
1986	B-DATE
.	O


Treasury	B-ORG
Securities	O


Treasury	B-ORG
bonds	O
were	O
1/8	B-CARDINAL
to	O
1/2	B-CARDINAL
point	O
higher	O
yesterday	B-DATE
in	O
light	O
trading	O
.	O


The	O
benchmark	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
bond	O
ended	O
at	O
a	O
price	O
of	O
102	B-CARDINAL
3/32	I-CARDINAL
,	O
compared	O
with	O
101	B-CARDINAL
17/32	I-CARDINAL
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
latest	O
10	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
notes	O
were	O
quoted	O
late	O
at	O
100	B-CARDINAL
17/32	I-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
7.90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
compared	O
with	O
100	B-CARDINAL
3/32	I-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
7.97	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
latest	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
notes	O
were	O
quoted	O
late	O
at	O
100	B-CARDINAL
28/32	I-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
7.84	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Short	O
-	O
term	O
rates	O
rose	O
yesterday	B-DATE
at	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
weekly	B-DATE
Treasury	B-ORG
bill	O
auction	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
previous	O
bill	O
sale	O
.	O


The	O
Treasury	B-ORG
sold	O
$	B-MONEY
7.81	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
bills	O
with	O
an	O
average	O
discount	O
rate	O
of	O
7.52	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
the	O
highest	O
since	O
the	O
average	O
of	O
7.63	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
at	O
the	O
auction	O
on	O
Oct.	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
$	B-MONEY
7.81	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
Treasury	B-ORG
bills	O
were	O
sold	O
with	O
an	O
average	O
discount	O
rate	O
of	O
7.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
the	O
highest	O
since	O
the	O
average	O
of	O
7.60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
at	O
the	O
Oct.	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
auction	O
.	O


The	O
rates	O
were	O
up	O
from	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
auction	O
,	O
when	O
they	O
were	O
7.37	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
7.42	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
respectively	O
.	O


Here	O
are	O
auction	O
details	O
:	O


Rates	O
are	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
purchase	O
price	O
and	O
face	O
value	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
higher	O
bidding	O
narrows	O
the	O
investor	O
's	O
return	O
while	O
lower	O
bidding	O
widens	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
percentage	O
rates	O
are	O
calculated	O
on	O
a	B-DATE
360	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
while	O
the	O
coupon	O
-	O
equivalent	O
yield	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	B-DATE
365	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Both	O
issues	O
are	O
dated	O
Oct.	B-DATE
26	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
13	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
bills	O
mature	O
Jan.	B-DATE
25	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
26	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
bills	O
mature	O
April	B-DATE
26	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
.	O


Corporate	O
Issues	O


Investment	O
-	O
grade	O
corporates	O
closed	O
about	B-CARDINAL
1/4	I-CARDINAL
point	O
higher	O
in	O
quiet	O
trading	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
junk	O
bond	O
market	O
,	O
Imo	B-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
issue	O
of	O
12	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
debentures	O
,	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
high	O
-	O
quality	O
credits	O
,	O
was	O
priced	O
at	O
par	O
to	O
yield	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Peter	B-PERSON
Karches	I-PERSON
,	O
managing	O
director	O
at	O
underwriter	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
the	O
issue	O
was	O
oversubscribed	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
a	O
segmented	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
good	O
,	O
strong	O
credit	O
,	O
people	O
have	O
an	O
appetite	O
for	O
it	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
is	O
expected	O
to	O
price	O
another	O
junk	O
bond	O
deal	O
,	O
$	B-MONEY
350	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
senior	O
subordinated	O
debentures	O
by	O
Continental	B-ORG
Cablevision	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
next	B-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
skittishness	O
in	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
yield	O
market	O
,	O
junk	O
bond	O
analysts	O
and	O
traders	O
expect	O
other	O
high	O
-	O
yield	O
deals	O
to	O
be	O
sweetened	O
or	O
restructured	O
before	O
they	O
are	O
offered	O
to	O
investors	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
Beatrice	B-ORG
,	O
Salomon	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
is	O
considering	O
restructuring	O
the	O
reset	O
mechanism	O
on	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
portion	O
of	O
the	O
offering	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
originally	O
contemplated	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
offering	O
,	O
the	O
notes	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
reset	O
annually	B-DATE
at	O
a	O
fixed	O
spread	O
above	O
Treasurys	B-ORG
.	O


Under	O
the	O
new	O
plan	O
being	O
considered	O
,	O
the	O
notes	O
would	O
reset	O
annually	B-DATE
at	O
a	O
rate	O
to	O
maintain	O
a	O
market	O
value	O
of	O
101	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Price	O
talk	O
calls	O
for	O
the	O
reset	O
notes	O
to	O
be	O
priced	O
at	O
a	O
yield	O
of	O
between	B-PERCENT
13	I-PERCENT
1/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	I-PERCENT
13	I-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Mortgage	O
-	O
Backed	O
Securities	O


Activity	O
in	O
derivative	O
markets	O
was	O
strong	O
with	O
four	B-CARDINAL
new	O
real	O
estate	O
mortgage	O
investment	O
conduits	O
announced	O
and	O
talk	O
of	O
several	O
more	O
deals	O
in	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
session	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Mortgage	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
offered	O
$	B-MONEY
1.2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
Remic	O
securities	O
in	O
three	B-CARDINAL
issues	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Home	I-ORG
Loan	I-ORG
Mortgage	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
offered	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
250	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Remic	O
backed	O
by	O
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
15	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
securities	O
.	O


Part	O
of	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
the	O
heavy	O
activity	O
in	O
derivative	O
markets	O
is	O
that	O
underwriters	O
are	O
repackaging	O
mortgage	O
securities	O
being	O
sold	O
by	O
thrifts	O
.	O


Traders	O
said	O
thrifts	O
have	O
stepped	O
up	O
their	O
mortgage	O
securities	O
sales	O
as	O
the	O
bond	O
market	O
has	O
risen	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	O
mortgage	O
pass	O
-	O
through	O
sector	O
,	O
active	O
issues	O
rose	O
but	O
trailed	O
gains	O
in	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
market	O
.	O


Government	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Mortgage	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
securities	O
for	O
November	B-DATE
delivery	O
were	O
quoted	O
late	O
yesterday	B-DATE
at	O
98	B-CARDINAL
10/32	I-CARDINAL
,	O
up	O
10/32	B-CARDINAL
;	O
and	O
Freddie	B-ORG
Mac	I-ORG
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
securities	O
were	O
at	O
97	B-CARDINAL
1/2	I-CARDINAL
,	O
up	O
1/4	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
Ginnie	B-ORG
Mae	I-ORG
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
issue	O
was	O
yielding	O
8.36	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
a	O
12	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
average	O
life	O
assumption	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
spread	O
above	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
10	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
note	O
widened	O
slightly	O
to	O
1.46	B-CARDINAL
percentage	O
points	O
.	O


Municipals	O


A	O
$	B-MONEY
575	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
San	B-GPE
Antonio	I-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
electric	O
and	O
gas	O
system	O
revenue	O
bond	O
issue	O
dominated	O
the	O
new	O
issue	O
sector	O
.	O


The	O
refunding	O
issue	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
in	O
the	O
wings	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
chief	O
offerings	O
overhanging	O
the	O
market	O
and	O
limiting	O
price	O
appreciation	O
.	O


But	O
alleviating	O
that	O
overhang	O
failed	O
to	O
stimulate	O
much	O
activity	O
in	O
the	O
secondary	O
market	O
,	O
where	O
prices	O
were	O
off	O
1/8	B-CARDINAL
to	O
up	O
3/8	B-CARDINAL
point	O
.	O


An	O
official	O
with	O
lead	O
underwriter	O
First	B-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
said	O
orders	O
for	O
the	O
San	B-GPE
Antonio	I-GPE
bonds	O
were	O
``	O
on	O
the	O
slow	O
side	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
attributed	O
that	O
to	O
the	O
issue	O
's	O
aggressive	O
pricing	O
and	O
large	O
size	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
general	O
lethargy	O
in	O
the	O
municipal	O
marketplace	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
he	O
noted	O
,	O
the	O
issue	O
would	O
normally	O
be	O
the	O
type	O
purchased	O
by	O
property	O
and	O
casualty	O
insurers	O
,	O
but	O
recent	O
disasters	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
and	O
the	O
Northern	O
California	B-GPE
earthquake	O
,	O
have	O
stretched	O
insurers	O
'	O
resources	O
and	O
damped	O
their	O
demand	O
for	O
bonds	O
.	O


A	O
$	B-MONEY
137.6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Maryland	B-ORG
Stadium	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
sports	O
facilities	O
lease	O
revenue	O
bond	O
issue	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
off	O
to	O
a	O
good	O
start	O
.	O


The	O
issue	O
was	O
oversubscribed	O
and	O
``	O
doing	O
very	O
well	O
,	O
''	O
according	O
to	O
an	O
official	O
with	O
lead	O
underwriter	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
.	O


Activity	O
quieted	O
in	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
bond	O
market	O
,	O
where	O
heavy	O
investor	O
selling	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
drove	O
yields	O
on	O
the	O
issuer	O
's	O
full	O
faith	O
and	O
credit	O
backed	O
bonds	O
up	O
as	B-CARDINAL
much	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
0.50	I-CARDINAL
percentage	O
point	O
.	O


Foreign	O
Bonds	O


Japanese	B-NORP
government	O
bonds	O
ended	O
lower	O
after	O
the	O
dollar	O
rose	O
modestly	O
against	O
the	O
yen	O
.	O


The	O
turnaround	O
in	O
the	O
dollar	O
fueled	O
bearish	O
sentiment	O
about	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
bond	O
market	O
.	O


The	O
benchmark	O
No.	O
111	B-CARDINAL
4.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bond	O
due	O
1998	B-DATE
ended	O
on	O
brokers	O
'	O
screens	O
at	O
a	O
price	O
of	O
95.39	B-CARDINAL
,	O
off	O
0.28	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
yield	O
rose	O
to	O
5.38	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
bond	O
prices	O
ended	O
lower	O
after	O
a	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
aimless	O
trading	O
.	O


The	O
benchmark	O
7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bond	O
due	O
October	B-DATE
1999	I-DATE
fell	O
0.20	B-CARDINAL
point	O
to	O
99.80	B-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
7.03	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
while	O
the	O
6	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
notes	O
due	O
July	B-DATE
1994	I-DATE
fell	O
0.10	B-CARDINAL
to	O
97.65	B-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
7.34	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


British	B-NORP
government	O
bonds	O
ended	O
slightly	O
higher	O
in	O
quiet	O
trading	O
as	O
investors	O
looked	O
ahead	O
to	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
British	B-NORP
trade	O
report	O
.	O


The	O
benchmark	O
11	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
Treasury	B-ORG
bond	O
due	O
2003	B-DATE
/	I-DATE
2007	I-DATE
rose	O
1/8	B-CARDINAL
to	O
111	B-CARDINAL
21/32	I-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
10.11	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
while	O
the	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
issue	O
of	O
1995	B-DATE
rose	O
3/32	B-CARDINAL
to	O
103	B-CARDINAL
23/32	I-CARDINAL
to	O
yield	O
11.01	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


``	O
The	O
croaker	O
's	O
done	O
gone	O
from	O
the	O
hook	O
--	O


damn	O
!	O


My	O
language	O
sure	O
goes	O
to	O
pot	O
down	O
here	O
on	O
the	O
coast	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
husky	O
blond	O
guide	O
with	O
the	O
Aggie	B-ORG
cap	O
twists	O
his	O
face	O
in	O
mock	O
fury	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
got	O
to	O
get	O
back	O
to	O
school	O
and	O
straighten	O
out	O
my	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O
''	O


He	O
has	O
two	B-DATE
more	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
at	O
Texas	B-ORG
A&M	I-ORG
.	O


Right	B-DATE
now	I-DATE
he	O
takes	O
people	O
out	O
to	O
fish	O
in	O
the	O
bays	O
behind	O
the	O
barrier	O
islands	O
that	O
curve	O
for	O
hundreds	B-QUANTITY
of	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
along	O
the	O
eastern	O
coast	O
of	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
enclosing	O
milky	O
green	O
lagoons	O
behind	O
ridges	O
of	O
sand	O
and	O
grassy	O
scrub	O
that	O
rim	O
the	O
deep	O
blue	O
of	O
the	O
Gulf	B-LOC
beyond	O
.	O


There	O
have	O
been	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
hot	O
,	O
wind	O
-	O
swept	O
rain	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
with	O
the	O
first	O
sun	O
we	O
are	O
after	O
speckled	O
seatrout	O
,	O
which	O
with	O
redfish	O
provides	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
fishing	O
hereabouts	O
.	O


The	O
little	O
radio	O
fizzes	O
as	O
other	O
boats	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
we	O
have	O
found	O
any	O
fish	O
--	O
spotting	O
location	O
is	O
everything	O
in	O
this	O
sport	O
.	O


Negative	O
answers	O
crackle	O
back	O
.	O


The	O
fish	O
often	O
are	O
plentiful	O
around	O
the	O
pilings	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
gas	O
wells	O
that	O
dot	O
the	O
flat	O
surface	O
like	O
the	O
remains	O
of	O
sunken	O
ships	O
.	O


We	O
go	O
from	O
one	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
.	O


The	O
sun	O
is	O
hot	O
now	O
though	O
it	O
's	O
only	B-TIME
8	I-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
great	O
silver	O
clouds	O
on	O
the	O
horizon	O
build	O
themselves	O
on	O
the	O
pale	O
water	O
.	O


We	O
cruise	O
toward	O
another	O
set	O
of	O
pilings	O
.	O


The	O
guide	O
scoops	O
into	O
a	O
pail	O
and	O
puts	O
a	O
frantically	O
wiggling	O
croaker	O
on	O
the	O
hook	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
casts	O
out	O
.	O


``	O
Just	O
wait	O
for	O
that	O
tap	O
-	O
tap	O
,	O
that	O
thump	O
-	O
thump	O
.	O


It	O
comes	O
real	O
gentle	O
before	O
it	O
pulls	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
forget	O
,	O
trout	O
have	O
very	O
soft	O
mouths	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
radio	O
queries	O
again	O
.	O


``	O
Pickin	O
'	O
one	B-CARDINAL
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
,	O
''	O
says	O
the	O
guide	O
,	O
chuckling	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
can	O
tell	O
they	O
've	O
got	O
nothin	O
'	O
.	O
''	O


A	O
pair	O
of	O
black	O
skimmers	O
zig	O
-	O
zag	O
past	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
surface	O
.	O


Soon	O
we	O
have	O
our	O
limit	O
of	O
the	O
shimmering	O
fish	O
stippled	O
in	O
rose	O
-	O
gold	O
and	O
black	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
are	O
the	O
first	O
back	O
at	O
the	O
dock	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
great	O
blue	O
herons	O
stand	O
waiting	O
by	O
the	O
cleaning	O
benches	O
.	O


The	O
guide	O
is	O
young	O
and	O
he	O
knows	O
this	O
business	O
but	O
he	O
wants	O
a	O
different	O
life	O
after	O
college	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
working	O
for	O
IBM	B-ORG
and	O
wearing	O
a	O
necktie	O
.	O


This	O
must	O
be	O
the	O
last	O
big	O
stretch	O
of	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
seacoast	O
that	O
is	O
``	O
undeveloped	O
.	O
''	O


There	O
are	O
a	O
few	O
ramshackle	O
fishing	O
towns	O
with	O
quiet	O
atolls	O
of	O
resort	O
houses	O
nearby	O
.	O


People	O
are	O
not	O
apt	O
to	O
be	O
self	O
-	O
conscious	O
about	O
the	O
place	O
or	O
themselves	O
.	O


Texas	B-GPE
is	O
big	O
and	O
beautiful	O
and	O
they	O
live	O
here	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
all	O
.	O


Jutting	O
out	O
just	O
to	O
the	O
north	O
of	O
us	O
is	O
the	B-LOC
Blackjack	I-LOC
Peninsula	I-LOC
-LRB-	O
after	O
the	O
oak	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
game	O
-RRB-	O
which	O
forms	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Aransas	I-LOC
Wildlife	I-LOC
Refuge	I-LOC
.	O


It	O
is	O
famous	O
as	O
the	O
winter	B-DATE
home	O
of	O
the	O
whooping	O
crane	O
,	O
that	O
symbol	O
of	O
the	O
destruction	O
of	O
wild	O
America	B-GPE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
a	O
gunner	O
shot	O
a	O
whooper	O
by	O
mistake	O
thinking	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
snow	O
goose	O
.	O


He	O
paid	O
an	O
immense	O
fine	O
and	O
was	O
lucky	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
local	O
wag	O
,	O
to	O
escape	O
the	O
gas	O
chamber	O
.	O


The	O
peninsula	O
comes	O
off	O
the	O
vast	O
southeastern	O
alluvial	O
plain	O
with	O
fields	O
of	O
rice	O
and	O
cotton	O
and	O
sorghum	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
the	O
eye	O
can	O
see	O
.	O


Near	O
the	O
coast	O
there	O
are	O
dense	O
coverts	O
of	O
live	O
oak	O
interspersed	O
with	O
marshes	O
and	O
prairies	O
.	O


Deer	O
,	O
wild	O
hog	O
,	O
armadillos	O
and	O
alligators	O
are	O
the	O
glamour	O
quadrupeds	O
and	O
the	O
birds	O
are	O
innumerable	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
herons	O
and	O
the	O
spoonbills	O
.	O


Above	O
the	O
blossoms	O
of	O
lantana	O
and	O
scarlet	O
pea	O
the	O
inky	O
-	O
brown	O
and	O
golden	O
palamedes	O
butterfly	O
floats	O
on	O
its	O
lazy	O
wingbeat	O
.	O


Inland	O
a	B-QUANTITY
few	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
from	O
the	O
refuge	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
place	O
called	O
Tivoli	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
a	O
white	O
church	O
,	O
a	O
gas	O
station	O
and	O
a	O
grocery	O
,	O
the	O
houses	O
relatively	O
close	O
together	O
for	O
such	O
a	O
settlement	O
in	O
these	O
parts	O
.	O


``	O
Tivoli	B-ORG
Motel	I-ORG
,	O
''	O
I	O
read	O
a	O
sign	O
in	O
the	O
usual	O
pronunciation	O
of	O
the	O
name	O
as	O
we	O
whoosh	O
through	O
.	O


``	O
Here	O
in	O
south	O
Texas	B-GPE
we	O
say	O
Tie	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
vole	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
ee	I-GPE
,	O
''	O
my	O
host	O
gently	O
corrects	O
.	O


Mr.	O
King	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


AEG	B-ORG
AG	I-ORG
and	O
Siemens	B-ORG
AG	I-ORG
said	O
they	O
will	O
launch	O
their	O
previously	O
announced	O
joint	O
venture	O
for	O
power	O
semiconductors	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
electronics	O
concerns	O
said	O
they	O
have	O
set	O
up	O
European	B-ORG
Power	I-ORG
Semiconductor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
to	O
merge	O
their	O
activities	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O


AEG	B-ORG
and	O
Siemens	B-ORG
each	O
will	O
hold	O
a	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
the	O
venture	O
.	O


The	O
joint	O
venture	O
will	O
have	O
nominal	O
capital	O
of	O
50	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
26.9	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
and	O
700	B-CARDINAL
employees	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
develop	O
,	O
produce	O
and	O
market	O
high	O
-	O
performance	O
electronic	O
parts	O
.	O


Siemens	B-ORG
is	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
largest	O
electronics	O
group	O
.	O


AEG	B-ORG
is	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
owned	O
by	O
Daimler	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Benz	I-ORG
AG	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
biggest	O
industrial	O
concern	O
.	O


Norimasa	B-PERSON
Furuta	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Mazda	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
car	O
maker	O
is	O
planning	O
joint	O
production	O
with	O
Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
ahead	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
1992	B-DATE
integration	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Furuta	B-PERSON
did	O
n't	O
disclose	O
further	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
arrangement	O
at	O
a	O
news	O
conference	O
,	O
but	O
said	O
the	O
project	O
would	O
be	O
undertaken	O
with	O
Ford	B-ORG
's	O
European	B-NORP
subsidiary	O
.	O


A	O
Ford	B-ORG
official	O
confirmed	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
that	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
motor	O
vehicle	O
maker	O
is	O
studying	O
such	O
an	O
arrangement	O
.	O


At	O
age	B-DATE
eight	I-DATE
,	O
Josephine	B-PERSON
Baker	I-PERSON
was	O
sent	O
by	O
her	O
mother	O
to	O
a	O
white	O
woman	O
's	O
house	O
to	O
do	O
chores	O
in	O
exchange	O
for	O
meals	O
and	O
a	O
place	O
to	O
sleep	O
--	O
a	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
basement	O
with	O
the	O
coal	O
.	O


At	O
age	B-DATE
19	I-DATE
,	O
she	O
was	O
a	O
Paris	B-GPE
sensation	O
,	O
transformed	O
from	O
unwanted	O
child	O
to	O
international	O
sex	O
symbol	O
in	O
just	B-DATE
over	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
stuff	O
of	O
dreams	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
of	O
traumas	O
.	O


Only	O
the	O
bravest	O
spirits	O
survive	O
such	O
roller	O
coasters	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
for	O
Ms.	O
Baker	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
ride	O
was	O
far	O
from	O
over	O
.	O


Her	O
bare	O
breasts	O
,	O
her	O
dancing	O
,	O
her	O
voice	O
,	O
her	O
beauty	O
and	O
,	O
perhaps	O
most	O
famously	O
,	O
her	O
derriere	O
,	O
were	O
prominent	O
attractions	O
,	O
but	O
courage	O
of	O
a	O
rare	O
sort	O
made	O
her	O
remarkable	O
life	O
possible	O
.	O


Bricktop	B-PERSON
,	O
another	O
American	B-NORP
black	O
woman	O
who	O
found	O
a	O
measure	O
of	O
fame	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
I	O
've	O
ever	O
known	O
anyone	O
with	O
a	O
less	O
complicated	O
view	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
or	O
whose	O
life	O
was	O
more	O
complicated	O
than	O
Josephine	B-PERSON
's	O
.	O
''	O


Men	O
were	O
a	O
constant	O
complication	O
.	O


Baker	B-PERSON
had	O
lots	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
trust	O
them	O
and	O
did	O
n't	O
reward	O
trust	O
.	O


As	O
she	O
saw	O
one	B-CARDINAL
key	O
love	O
affair	O
,	O
the	O
problem	O
was	O
n't	O
her	O
infidelity	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
his	O
jealousy	O
.	O


Her	O
appetite	O
for	O
children	O
also	O
was	O
large	O
.	O


She	O
adopted	O
12	B-CARDINAL
of	O
assorted	O
races	O
,	O
naming	O
them	O
the	O
Rainbow	O
Tribe	O
,	O
and	O
driving	O
her	O
husband	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
despair	O
and	O
then	O
to	O
Argentina	B-GPE
.	O


She	O
made	O
money	O
,	O
but	O
spent	O
more	O
.	O


Friends	O
pitched	O
in	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
Prince	O
Rainier	B-PERSON
and	O
Princess	O
Grace	B-PERSON
saved	O
her	O
with	O
the	O
offer	O
of	O
a	O
house	O
in	O
Monaco	B-GPE
.	O


Another	O
lifelong	O
complication	O
,	O
as	O
Phyllis	B-PERSON
Rose	I-PERSON
makes	O
clear	O
in	O
``	O
Jazz	B-WORK_OF_ART
Cleopatra	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
Josephine	I-WORK_OF_ART
Baker	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Her	I-WORK_OF_ART
Time	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
-LRB-	O
Doubleday	B-ORG
,	O
321	B-CARDINAL
pages	O
,	O
$	O
22.50	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
was	O
racism	O
.	O


Baker	B-PERSON
had	O
the	O
good	O
luck	O
to	O
arrive	O
in	O
1925	B-DATE
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
blacks	O
had	O
become	O
exotic	O
.	O


African	B-NORP
art	O
was	O
in	O
vogue	O
and	O
some	O
intellectuals	O
were	O
writing	O
breathlessly	O
of	O
a	O
dawning	O
age	O
to	O
be	O
inspired	O
by	O
blacks	O
.	O


To	O
be	O
exotic	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
patronized	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
prized	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
part	O
Paris	B-GPE
was	O
a	O
friendly	O
island	O
in	O
a	O
racist	O
world	O
.	O


Baker	B-PERSON
had	O
bitter	O
experience	O
of	O
bigotry	O
from	O
her	O
St.	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE
childhood	O
and	O
her	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
theater	O
,	O
where	O
she	O
was	O
judged	O
too	O
dark	O
for	O
an	O
all	O
-	O
black	O
chorus	O
line	O
-LRB-	O
performing	O
of	O
course	O
for	O
all	O
-	O
white	O
audiences	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Paris	B-GPE
loved	O
her	O
at	O
first	O
sight	O
.	O


``	O
She	O
just	O
wiggled	O
her	O
fanny	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
fell	O
in	O
love	O
with	O
her	O
,	O
''	O
sniffed	O
the	O
literary	O
world	O
's	O
Maria	B-PERSON
Jolas	I-PERSON
,	O
not	O
entirely	O
inaccurately	O
.	O


``	O
One	O
can	O
hardly	O
overemphasize	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
her	O
rear	O
end	O
,	O
''	O
Ms.	O
Rose	B-PERSON
writes	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Rose	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
teaches	O
literature	O
at	O
Wesleyan	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
quickly	O
proceeds	O
to	O
overemphasize	O
,	O
claiming	O
that	O
Baker	B-PERSON
's	O
dancing	O
``	O
had	O
uncovered	O
a	O
new	O
region	O
for	O
desire	O
''	O
and	O
thereby	O
ignoring	O
centuries	B-DATE
of	O
tributes	O
to	O
the	O
callipygous	O
.	O


``	O
Jazz	B-WORK_OF_ART
Cleopatra	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
contains	O
other	O
,	O
more	O
important	O
,	O
false	O
notes	O
that	O
undermine	O
what	O
is	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
part	O
,	O
a	O
lively	O
account	O
of	O
a	O
life	O
already	O
familiar	O
from	O
earlier	O
works	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
easy	O
to	O
see	O
why	O
Baker	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
free	O
spirit	O
who	O
broke	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
restraints	O
convention	O
places	O
on	O
women	O
,	O
attracts	O
Ms.	O
Rose	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
author	O
of	O
``	O
Parallel	B-WORK_OF_ART
Lives	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
a	O
wonderful	O
study	O
of	O
Victorian	B-NORP
marriage	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
even	O
the	O
title	O
raises	O
questions	O
about	O
the	O
author	O
's	O
vision	O
of	O
her	O
subject	O
.	O


Baker	B-PERSON
's	O
art	O
was	O
jazz	O
only	O
by	O
the	O
widest	O
stretch	O
of	O
the	O
term	O
.	O


To	O
find	O
parallels	O
,	O
other	O
than	O
sexual	O
appeal	O
,	O
with	O
Cleopatra	B-PERSON
,	O
requires	O
an	O
equal	O
stretch	O
.	O


Baker	B-PERSON
was	O
68	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
when	O
she	O
died	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
sold	O
-	O
out	O
opening	O
of	O
her	O
newest	O
show	O
:	O
a	O
movie	O
-	O
like	O
ending	O
to	O
what	O
was	O
a	O
cinematic	O
life	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Baker	B-PERSON
played	O
scenes	O
in	O
Casablanca	B-GPE
that	O
could	O
have	O
made	O
it	O
into	O
``	O
Casablanca	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


During	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
,	O
her	O
uncomplicated	O
view	O
of	O
life	O
led	O
her	O
to	O
the	O
conclusion	O
that	O
the	O
Nazis	B-NORP
were	O
evil	O
and	O
must	O
be	O
resisted	O
,	O
a	O
decision	O
made	O
by	O
only	B-PERCENT
about	I-PERCENT
2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
French	B-NORP
citizens	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
devoted	O
to	O
Charles	B-PERSON
de	I-PERSON
Gaulle	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
cause	O
,	O
accepting	O
great	O
financial	O
sacrifice	O
and	O
considerable	O
risk	O
to	O
become	O
first	O
a	O
spy	O
and	O
then	O
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
woman	O
USO	B-ORG
tour	O
for	O
the	O
forces	O
of	O
Free	O
France	O
.	O


In	O
Humphrey	B-PERSON
Bogart	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
nightclub	O
,	O
Victor	B-PERSON
Laszlo	I-PERSON
leads	O
Free	O
French	O
sympathizers	O
in	O
``	O
La	B-WORK_OF_ART
Marseillaise	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
to	O
drown	O
out	O
the	O
Nazis	B-NORP
.	O


The	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
the	O
Germans	B-NORP
occupied	O
all	O
of	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
Baker	B-PERSON
performed	O
in	O
Casablanca	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Free	O
French	O
wore	O
black	O
arm	O
bands	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
she	O
sang	O
``	O
J'ai	B-WORK_OF_ART
deux	I-WORK_OF_ART
amours	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
they	O
wept	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Rose	B-PERSON
is	O
best	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
.	O


In	O
her	O
introduction	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Rose	B-PERSON
writes	O
that	O
she	O
feels	O
she	O
has	O
much	O
in	O
common	O
with	O
Baker	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
as	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
Jazz	I-WORK_OF_ART
Cleopatra	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
goes	O
on	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
more	O
rushed	O
,	O
as	O
though	O
the	O
author	O
were	O
growing	O
less	O
interested	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
help	O
that	O
sometimes	O
Ms.	O
Rose	B-PERSON
's	O
language	O
fails	O
to	O
deliver	O
the	O
effect	O
she	O
appears	O
to	O
want	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
chapter	O
opens	O
:	O
``	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
was	O
not	O
one	O
of	O
France	B-GPE
's	O
glorious	O
moments	O
.	O
''	O


Elsewhere	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
explain	O
without	O
stating	O
it	O
plainly	O
that	O
Baker	B-PERSON
had	O
a	O
large	O
gay	O
following	O
later	O
in	O
her	O
career	O
when	O
she	O
was	O
an	O
overdressed	O
singer	O
rather	O
than	O
underdressed	O
dancer	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Rose	B-PERSON
writes	O
:	O
``	O
She	O
was	O
a	O
female	O
impersonator	O
who	O
happened	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
woman	O
.	O
''	O


One	B-CARDINAL
devoted	O
fan	O
who	O
fell	O
under	O
Baker	B-PERSON
's	O
spell	O
in	O
1963	B-DATE
and	O
began	O
collecting	O
Baker	B-PERSON
memorabilia	O
was	O
Bryan	B-PERSON
Hammond	I-PERSON
.	O


In	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
Josephine	I-WORK_OF_ART
Baker	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
-LRB-	O
Jonathan	B-PERSON
Cape	I-PERSON
,	O
304	B-CARDINAL
pages	O
,	O
$	O
35	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
published	O
in	O
Britain	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
distributed	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Hammond	B-PERSON
has	O
used	O
his	O
collection	O
to	O
produce	O
an	O
album	O
of	O
photographs	O
and	O
drawings	O
of	O
the	O
star	O
.	O


The	O
text	O
by	O
Patrick	B-PERSON
O'Connor	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
tough	O
read	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
pictures	O
make	O
her	O
magnetism	O
clear	O
and	O
help	O
explain	O
why	O
Ernest	B-PERSON
Hemingway	I-PERSON
called	O
Baker	B-PERSON
``	O
The	O
most	O
sensational	O
woman	O
anybody	O
ever	O
saw	O
.	O


Or	O
ever	O
will	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Lescaze	B-PERSON
is	O
foreign	O
editor	O
of	O
the	O
Journal	B-ORG
.	O


Manville	B-ORG
,	O
having	O
rid	O
itself	O
of	O
asbestos	O
,	O
now	O
sells	O
fiberglass	O
,	O
forest	O
products	O
,	O
minerals	O
and	O
industrial	O
goods	O
.	O


Heady	O
stuff	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
.	O


But	O
Manville	B-ORG
's	O
ownership	O
is	O
unusual	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
caught	O
the	O
eye	O
of	O
some	O
canny	O
--	O
and	O
patient	O
--	O
investors	O
.	O


The	O
Denver	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
concern	O
,	O
which	O
emerged	O
from	O
bankruptcy	O
-	O
law	O
proceedings	O
late	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Manville	I-ORG
Personal	I-ORG
Injury	I-ORG
Settlement	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
trust	O
,	O
which	O
owns	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Manville	B-ORG
's	O
stock	O
on	O
a	O
fully	O
diluted	O
basis	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
separate	O
legal	O
entity	O
that	O
is	O
settling	O
claims	O
with	O
asbestos	O
victims	O
.	O


When	O
and	O
if	O
the	O
trust	O
runs	O
out	O
of	O
cash	O
--	O
which	O
seems	O
increasingly	O
likely	O
--	O
it	O
will	O
need	O
to	O
convert	O
its	O
Manville	B-ORG
stock	O
to	O
cash	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
an	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
owner	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
tried	O
to	O
sell	O
much	O
of	O
its	O
stock	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
likely	O
depress	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
its	O
shares	O
.	O


Some	O
investors	O
say	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
chance	O
that	O
the	O
trust	O
will	O
,	O
instead	O
,	O
seek	O
to	O
convert	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
shares	O
to	O
cash	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
friendly	O
restructuring	O
that	O
would	O
n't	O
involve	O
just	O
dumping	O
stock	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


``	O
Their	O
principal	O
asset	O
is	O
Manville	B-ORG
common	O
stock	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Jeffrey	B-PERSON
Halis	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
runs	O
Sabre	B-ORG
Associates	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
investment	O
fund	O
that	O
owns	O
Manville	B-ORG
shares	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
they	O
tried	O
to	O
sell	O
,	O
they	O
'd	O
be	O
chasing	O
their	O
own	O
tail	O
.	O


What	O
makes	O
the	O
most	O
sense	O
is	O
to	O
find	O
someone	O
who	O
wants	O
to	O
buy	O
the	O
whole	O
company	O
or	O
cause	O
a	O
recapitalization	O
of	O
all	O
shares	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
trust	O
is	O
n't	O
commenting	O
on	O
when	O
it	O
might	O
need	O
to	O
liquefy	O
its	O
Manville	B-ORG
stock	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
trust	O
's	O
cash	O
flow	O
from	O
investments	O
is	O
far	O
short	O
of	O
its	O
payments	O
to	O
asbestos	O
victims	O
.	O


Its	O
cash	O
and	O
liquid	O
securities	O
fell	O
by	O
$	B-MONEY
338	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
trust	O
also	O
will	O
receive	O
$	B-MONEY
75	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
starting	O
in	O
1991	B-DATE
on	O
a	O
bond	O
it	O
holds	O
from	O
Manville	B-ORG
.	O


And	O
,	O
beginning	O
in	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
claim	O
on	O
as	B-PERCENT
much	I-PERCENT
as	I-PERCENT
20	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Manville	B-ORG
's	O
annual	B-DATE
net	O
income	O
.	O


Even	O
so	O
,	O
the	O
trust	O
would	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
facing	O
a	O
cash	O
crunch	O
.	O


As	O
of	O
June	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
had	O
settled	O
only	B-CARDINAL
about	I-CARDINAL
15,000	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
81,000	B-CARDINAL
received	O
claims	O
from	O
asbestos	O
victims	O
,	O
for	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
$	O
40,424	B-MONEY
each	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
The	O
average	O
should	O
drop	O
over	O
time	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
most	O
expensive	O
claims	O
are	O
being	O
settled	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


And	O
as	O
of	O
midyear	B-DATE
,	O
settled	O
but	O
unpaid	O
claims	O
amounted	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
136	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
--	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
the	O
trust	O
's	O
total	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
268	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
cash	O
and	O
marketable	O
securities	O
.	O


``	O
At	O
some	O
point	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
need	O
an	O
infusion	O
of	O
funds	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
person	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
trust	O
says	O
.	O


Even	O
before	O
then	O
,	O
the	O
trust	O
may	O
be	O
eager	O
to	O
unload	O
Manville	B-ORG
stock	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
pay	O
a	O
dividend	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
trust	O
needs	O
income	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
with	O
88	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
assets	O
tied	O
up	O
in	O
Manville	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
trust	O
is	O
badly	O
in	O
need	O
of	O
diversification	O
.	O


``	O
Obviously	O
,	O
a	O
diversified	O
portfolio	O
would	O
have	O
less	O
risk	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
person	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
trust	O
says	O
.	O


Manville	B-ORG
itself	O
does	O
n't	O
rule	O
out	O
a	O
restructuring	O
.	O


Though	O
the	O
ink	O
is	O
barely	O
dry	O
on	O
its	O
new	O
,	O
post-bankruptcy	O
law	O
structure	O
,	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Bullock	I-PERSON
,	O
Manville	B-ORG
's	O
head	O
of	O
investor	O
relations	O
,	O
says	O
the	O
company	O
is	O
continually	O
pondering	O
``	O
whether	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
better	O
way	O
to	O
be	O
structured	O
.	O


We	O
understand	O
that	O
the	O
trust	O
is	O
ultimately	O
going	O
to	O
need	O
to	O
sell	O
some	O
of	O
our	O
shares	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
option	O
would	O
be	O
for	O
Manville	B-ORG
to	O
buy	O
out	O
the	O
trust	O
's	O
shares	O
--	O
which	O
would	O
do	O
little	O
to	O
benefit	O
public	O
stockholders	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
trust	O
,	O
in	O
most	O
cases	O
,	O
is	O
forbidden	O
from	O
seeking	O
a	O
buyer	O
for	O
only	O
its	O
shares	O
before	O
November	B-DATE
1993	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
both	O
the	O
trust	O
and	O
Manville	B-ORG
are	O
seeking	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
bad	O
publicity	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
asbestos	O
era	O
,	O
tarred	O
the	O
Manville	B-ORG
name	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
analysts	O
say	O
,	O
the	O
trust	O
is	O
unlikely	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
that	O
would	O
hurt	O
Manville	B-ORG
's	O
other	O
shareholders	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
company	O
with	O
a	O
big	O
majority	O
holder	O
which	O
will	O
probably	O
act	O
in	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
minority	O
holders	O
,	O
''	O
one	B-CARDINAL
investor	O
says	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
restructuring	O
,	O
Manville	B-ORG
seems	O
to	O
be	O
attractive	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
.	O


Its	O
stock	O
,	O
at	O
9	B-CARDINAL
5/8	I-CARDINAL
,	O
trades	O
at	O
about	B-CARDINAL
8	I-CARDINAL
1/2	I-CARDINAL
times	O
estimated	O
1989	B-DATE
earnings	O
--	O
an	O
appropriately	O
low	O
multiple	O
for	O
a	O
company	O
with	O
recession	O
-	O
sensitive	O
customers	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bullock	B-PERSON
says	O
45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
revenues	O
are	O
tied	O
to	O
construction	O
.	O


Analysts	O
predict	O
little	O
or	O
no	O
near	O
-	O
term	O
growth	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
,	O
nonetheless	O
,	O
high	O
on	O
Manville	B-ORG
's	O
management	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
in	O
the	O
business	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Salomon	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
analyst	O
Stephen	B-PERSON
Dobi	I-PERSON
.	O


And	O
he	O
says	O
Manville	B-ORG
has	O
the	O
financial	O
flexibility	O
to	O
buy	O
other	O
companies	O
at	O
the	O
best	O
possible	O
moment	O
when	O
other	O
construction	O
-	O
related	O
firms	O
are	O
hurting	O
and	O
selling	O
cheap	O
.	O


With	O
a	O
conservative	O
debt	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
equity	O
ratio	O
of	O
1	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
1	B-CARDINAL
--	O
and	O
$	B-MONEY
329	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
cash	O
--	O
Manville	B-ORG
is	O
indeed	O
actively	O
on	O
the	O
prowl	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
price	O
-	O
conscious	O
shopper	O
,	O
Manville	B-ORG
has	O
n't	O
bought	O
much	O
.	O


Paul	B-PERSON
Kleinaitis	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
analyst	O
at	O
Duff	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Phelps	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
Even	O
though	O
they	O
have	O
borrowing	O
power	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
disciplined	O
about	O
acquisitions	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
Mr.	O
Kleinaitis	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
with	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
its	O
stock	O
in	O
friendly	O
hands	O
,	O
Manville	B-ORG
is	O
the	O
rare	O
publicly	O
traded	O
company	O
that	O
can	O
ignore	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
stock	O
fluctuations	O
and	O
plan	O
for	O
the	O
long	O
haul	O
.	O


Manville	B-ORG
-LRB-	O
NYSE	B-ORG
;	O
Symbol	O
:	O
MVL	B-ORG
-RRB-	O


Business	O
:	O
Forest	O
products	O
and	O
roofing	O


Year	B-DATE
ended	I-DATE
Dec.	I-DATE
31	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1988	I-DATE
:	O
Sales	O
:	O
$	B-MONEY
2.06	I-MONEY
billions	I-MONEY
Net	O
loss	O
:	O
$	B-MONEY
1.30	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
\*	O


Third	B-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
Sept.	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
:	O
Per	O
-	O
share	O
earnings	O
:	O
30	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
vs.	O
44	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
\*\*	O


Average	O
daily	B-DATE
trading	O
volume	O
:	O
74,351	B-CARDINAL
shares	O


Common	O
shares	O
outstanding	O
:	O
120	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL


\*	O
Includes	O
$	B-MONEY
1.29	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
extraordinary	O
charge	O
.	O


\*\*	O
Year	B-DATE
ago	I-DATE
figure	O
is	O
restated	O
.	O


GAF	B-ORG
,	O
Part	O
III	O
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
begin	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


After	O
two	B-CARDINAL
mistrials	O
,	O
the	O
stakes	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
manipulation	O
trial	O
of	O
GAF	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
its	O
vice	O
chairman	O
,	O
James	B-PERSON
T.	I-PERSON
Sherwin	I-PERSON
,	O
have	O
changed	O
considerably	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
GAF	B-ORG
trials	O
were	O
watched	O
closely	O
on	O
Wall	O
Street	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
important	O
tests	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
convince	O
a	O
jury	O
of	O
allegations	O
stemming	O
from	O
its	O
insider	O
-	O
trading	O
investigations	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
-	O
count	O
indictment	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
charged	O
GAF	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
Wayne	B-GPE
,	O
N.J.	B-GPE
,	O
chemical	O
maker	O
,	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Sherwin	B-PERSON
with	O
illegally	O
attempting	O
to	O
manipulate	O
the	O
common	O
stock	O
of	O
Union	B-ORG
Carbide	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
in	O
advance	O
of	O
GAF	B-ORG
's	O
planned	O
sale	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
block	O
of	O
the	O
stock	O
in	O
1986	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
government	O
's	O
credibility	O
in	O
the	O
GAF	B-ORG
case	O
depended	O
heavily	O
on	O
its	O
star	O
witness	O
,	O
Boyd	B-PERSON
L.	I-PERSON
Jefferies	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
former	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
brokerage	O
chief	O
who	O
was	O
implicated	O
by	O
former	O
arbitrager	O
Ivan	B-PERSON
Boesky	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
then	O
pointed	O
the	O
finger	O
at	O
Mr.	O
Sherwin	B-PERSON
,	O
takeover	O
speculator	O
Salim	B-PERSON
B.	I-PERSON
Lewis	I-PERSON
and	O
corporate	O
raider	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Bilzerian	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
GAF	B-ORG
trials	O
were	O
viewed	O
as	O
previews	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
strength	O
in	O
its	O
cases	O
against	O
Mr.	O
Lewis	B-PERSON
and	O
Mr.	O
Bilzerian	B-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Jefferies	B-PERSON
's	O
performance	O
as	O
a	O
witness	O
was	O
expected	O
to	O
affect	O
his	O
sentencing	O
.	O


But	O
GAF	B-ORG
's	O
bellwether	O
role	O
was	O
short	O
-	O
lived	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
GAF	B-ORG
trial	O
ended	O
in	O
a	O
mistrial	O
after	O
four	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
when	O
U.S.	B-GPE
District	O
Judge	O
Mary	B-PERSON
Johnson	I-PERSON
Lowe	I-PERSON
found	O
that	O
a	O
prosecutor	O
improperly	O
,	O
but	O
unintentionally	O
,	O
withheld	O
a	O
document	O
.	O


After	O
93	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
deliberation	O
,	O
the	O
jurors	O
in	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
trial	O
said	O
they	O
were	O
hopelessly	O
deadlocked	O
,	O
and	O
another	O
mistrial	O
was	O
declared	O
on	O
March	B-DATE
22	I-DATE
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
a	O
federal	O
jury	O
found	O
Mr.	O
Bilzerian	B-PERSON
guilty	O
on	O
securities	O
fraud	O
and	O
other	O
charges	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
.	O


A	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Jefferies	B-PERSON
was	O
spared	O
a	O
jail	O
term	O
by	O
a	O
federal	O
judge	O
who	O
praised	O
him	O
for	O
helping	O
the	O
government	O
.	O


In	O
August	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Lewis	B-PERSON
pleaded	O
guilty	O
to	O
three	B-CARDINAL
felony	O
counts	O
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
the	O
stakes	O
are	O
still	O
high	O
for	O
the	O
players	O
directly	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
GAF	B-ORG
case	O
.	O


The	O
mistrials	O
have	O
left	O
the	O
reputations	O
of	O
GAF	B-ORG
,	O
Mr.	O
Sherwin	B-PERSON
and	O
GAF	B-ORG
Chairman	O
Samuel	B-PERSON
Heyman	I-PERSON
in	O
limbo	O
.	O


For	O
Mr.	O
Sherwin	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
conviction	O
could	O
carry	O
penalties	O
of	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
prison	O
and	O
a	O
$	O
250,000	B-MONEY
fine	O
on	O
each	O
count	O
.	O


GAF	B-ORG
faces	O
potential	O
fines	O
of	O
$	O
500,000	B-MONEY
for	O
each	O
count	O
.	O


Individuals	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
case	O
said	O
that	O
throughout	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
defense	O
attorneys	O
were	O
talking	O
with	O
the	O
government	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
prevent	O
a	O
trial	O
,	O
but	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
the	O
talks	O
had	O
ended	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
much	O
speculation	O
among	O
attorneys	O
not	O
involved	O
that	O
the	O
strategy	O
of	O
GAF	B-ORG
's	O
attorney	O
,	O
Arthur	B-PERSON
Liman	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Sherwin	B-PERSON
's	O
counsel	O
,	O
Stephen	B-PERSON
Kaufman	I-PERSON
,	O
will	O
include	O
testimony	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Sherwin	B-PERSON
or	O
Mr.	O
Heyman	B-PERSON
.	O


Neither	O
testified	O
at	O
the	O
previous	O
trials	O
.	O


For	O
now	O
,	O
defense	O
attorneys	O
are	O
tight	O
-	O
lipped	O
about	O
their	O
plans	O
.	O


Max	B-PERSON
Gitter	I-PERSON
,	O
another	O
GAF	B-ORG
defense	O
attorney	O
,	O
said	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
``	O
As	O
we	O
go	O
in	O
for	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
Yogi	B-PERSON
Berra	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
famous	O
line	O
is	O
apt	O
:	O
`	O
It	O
's	O
deja	O
vu	O
all	O
over	O
again	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


DALKON	B-PRODUCT
SHIELD	I-PRODUCT
CLAIMANTS	O
hope	O
to	O
stop	O
reorganization	O
-	O
plan	O
appeal	O
.	O


Attorneys	O
for	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
18,000	I-CARDINAL
women	O
who	O
claim	O
injuries	O
from	O
the	O
Dalkon	B-PRODUCT
Shield	I-PRODUCT
contraceptive	O
device	O
have	O
asked	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
to	O
refuse	O
to	O
hear	O
an	O
appeal	O
of	O
the	O
bankruptcy	O
-	O
law	O
reorganization	O
plan	O
for	O
A.H.	B-ORG
Robins	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
manufactured	O
the	O
device	O
.	O


The	O
dispute	O
pits	O
two	B-CARDINAL
groups	O
of	O
claimants	O
against	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Baltimore	B-GPE
attorney	O
Michael	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Pretl	I-PERSON
and	O
17	B-CARDINAL
other	O
attorneys	O
representing	O
18,136	B-CARDINAL
claimants	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
abroad	O
argue	O
that	O
the	O
appeal	O
would	O
delay	O
--	O
and	O
perhaps	O
even	O
destroy	O
--	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
2.38	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
settlement	O
fund	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
centerpiece	O
of	O
the	O
reorganization	O
plan	O
.	O


The	O
bankruptcy	O
-	O
court	O
reorganization	O
is	O
being	O
challenged	O
before	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
by	O
a	O
dissident	O
group	O
of	O
claimants	O
because	O
it	O
places	O
a	O
cap	O
on	O
the	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
money	O
available	O
to	O
settle	O
claims	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
bars	O
future	O
suits	O
against	O
Robins	B-ORG
company	O
officials	O
,	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Robins	B-PERSON
family	O
and	O
Robins	B-PERSON
's	O
former	O
insurer	O
,	O
Aetna	B-ORG
Life	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Casualty	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
latter	O
provision	O
is	O
``	O
legally	O
unprecedented	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Alan	B-PERSON
B.	I-PERSON
Morrison	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
public	O
interest	O
lawyer	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
D.C.	B-GPE
,	O
who	O
is	O
challenging	O
the	O
plan	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
900	B-CARDINAL
claimants	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100,000	I-CARDINAL
claims	O
against	O
Robins	B-ORG
are	O
pending	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
made	O
and	O
marketed	O
the	B-PRODUCT
Dalkon	I-PRODUCT
Shield	I-PRODUCT
in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
amid	O
mounting	O
evidence	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
cause	O
serious	O
injuries	O
.	O


Robins	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
in	O
proceedings	O
under	O
Chapter	B-LAW
11	I-LAW
of	O
the	B-LAW
U.S.	I-LAW
Bankruptcy	I-LAW
Code	I-LAW
since	O
August	B-DATE
1985	I-DATE
;	O
such	O
proceedings	O
give	O
it	O
protection	O
from	O
creditor	O
lawsuits	O
while	O
it	O
works	O
out	O
a	O
plan	O
for	O
paying	O
its	O
debts	O
.	O


American	B-ORG
Home	I-ORG
Products	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
wants	O
to	O
acquire	O
Robins	B-ORG
,	O
but	O
only	O
if	O
all	O
legal	O
challenges	O
to	O
the	O
plan	O
are	O
exhausted	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
brief	O
filed	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Pretl	B-PERSON
criticizes	O
the	O
appeal	O
for	O
raising	O
``	O
abstract	O
''	O
and	O
``	O
theoretical	O
''	O
legal	O
issues	O
,	O
while	O
jeopardizing	O
the	O
proposed	O
reorganization	O
and	O
the	O
settlement	O
payments	O
to	O
claimants	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
consider	O
the	O
case	O
Nov.	B-DATE
3	I-DATE
and	O
may	O
issue	O
a	O
decision	O
as	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
as	I-DATE
Nov.	I-DATE
6	I-DATE
.	O


JURY	O
'S	O
CRIMINAL	O
CONVICTION	O
under	O
Superfund	B-LAW
law	O
is	O
a	O
first	B-ORDINAL
.	O


Charles	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Donohoo	I-PERSON
,	O
sole	O
proprieter	O
of	O
a	O
Louisville	B-GPE
,	O
Ky.	B-GPE
,	O
demolition	O
company	O
,	O
was	O
found	O
guilty	O
of	O
violating	O
the	O
Superfund	B-LAW
law	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	B-LAW
Clean	I-LAW
Air	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
.	O


Criminal	O
convictions	O
under	O
the	O
federal	O
Superfund	B-LAW
law	O
are	O
rare	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
decision	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
jury	O
verdict	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
case	O
.	O


Under	O
Superfund	B-LAW
,	O
those	O
who	O
owned	O
,	O
generated	O
or	O
transported	O
hazardous	O
waste	O
are	O
liable	O
for	O
its	O
cleanup	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
whether	O
their	O
actions	O
were	O
legal	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


Environmental	O
lawyers	O
say	O
virtually	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
Superfund	B-LAW
cases	O
to	O
date	O
have	O
involved	O
civil	O
penalties	O
designed	O
to	O
insure	O
cleanup	O
of	O
past	O
polluting	O
activities	O
.	O


But	O
Superfund	B-LAW
also	O
contains	O
a	O
criminal	O
provision	O
concerning	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
toxic	O
substances	O
into	O
the	O
environment	O
.	O


In	O
1986	B-DATE
Congress	B-ORG
strengthened	O
the	O
penalty	O
by	O
making	O
it	O
a	O
felony	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Donohoo	B-PERSON
was	O
convicted	O
in	O
Louisville	B-GPE
late	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
of	O
violating	O
Superfund	B-LAW
by	O
failing	O
to	O
report	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
asbestos	O
into	O
the	O
environment	O
from	O
a	O
building	O
he	O
was	O
demolishing	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
also	O
convicted	O
of	O
failing	O
to	O
properly	O
remove	O
asbestos	O
from	O
the	O
building	O
,	O
a	O
violation	O
of	O
the	B-LAW
Clean	I-LAW
Air	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
.	O


The	O
government	O
sought	O
a	O
criminal	O
penalty	O
because	O
``	O
no	O
cleanup	O
is	O
possible	O
here	O
.	O


Once	O
-LCB-	O
asbestos	O
-RCB-	O
is	O
released	O
into	O
the	O
environment	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
lodge	O
anywhere	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Richard	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Dennis	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
assistant	O
U.S.	B-GPE
attorney	O
who	O
prosecuted	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Donohoo	B-PERSON
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
be	O
sentenced	O
Dec.	B-DATE
11	I-DATE
.	O


His	O
lawyer	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
reached	O
for	O
comment	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Donohoo	B-PERSON
faces	O
as	B-DATE
much	I-DATE
as	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
prison	O
and	O
a	O
$	O
250,000	B-MONEY
fine	O
for	O
the	O
Superfund	B-LAW
conviction	O
and	O
as	B-DATE
much	I-DATE
as	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
prison	O
and	O
a	O
$	O
100,000	B-MONEY
fine	O
for	O
the	O
violation	O
of	O
the	B-LAW
Clean	I-LAW
Air	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
.	O


TED	B-PERSON
BUNDY'S	I-PERSON
LAWYERS	O
switch	O
to	O
victims	O
'	O
side	O
in	O
death	O
-	O
sentence	O
case	O
.	O


Wilmer	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Cutler	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Pickering	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
D.C.	B-GPE
,	O
law	O
firm	O
that	O
spent	O
over	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
fighting	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
mass	O
-	O
murderer	O
Ted	B-PERSON
Bundy	I-PERSON
--	O
who	O
eventually	O
was	O
executed	O
--	O
has	O
taken	O
on	O
another	O
death	O
penalty	O
case	O
before	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
,	O
this	O
time	O
on	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
murder	O
victims	O
in	O
Arkansas	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
law	O
firm	O
has	O
filed	O
a	O
friend	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
court	O
brief	O
jointly	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Legal	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
conservative	O
legal	O
group	O
.	O


The	O
key	O
issue	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
which	O
the	O
law	O
firm	O
is	O
handling	O
without	O
a	O
fee	O
,	O
or	O
pro	O
bono	O
,	O
is	O
whether	O
a	O
person	O
sentenced	O
to	O
death	O
can	O
voluntarily	O
waive	O
his	O
rights	O
of	O
appellate	O
review	O
.	O


The	O
murderer	O
,	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Gene	I-PERSON
Simmons	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
convicted	O
of	O
killing	O
14	B-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


Another	O
murderer	O
on	O
death	O
row	O
has	O
appealed	O
Mr.	O
Simmons	B-PERSON
's	O
death	O
sentence	O
in	O
a	O
``	O
next	O
friend	O
''	O
capacity	O
.	O


Wilmer	B-ORG
Cutler	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
brief	O
argues	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
mandatory	O
appellate	O
review	O
of	O
capital	O
sentences	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
inmate	O
who	O
filed	O
the	O
appeal	O
lacks	O
proper	O
standing	O
.	O


P.J.	B-PERSON
Mode	I-PERSON
,	O
Wilmer	B-ORG
Cutler	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
managing	O
partner	O
,	O
says	O
the	O
trial	O
team	O
that	O
represented	O
Mr.	O
Bundy	B-PERSON
was	O
asked	O
by	O
the	O
firm	O
's	O
pro	O
bono	O
committee	O
whether	O
the	O
new	O
case	O
posed	O
a	O
conflict	O
and	O
that	O
no	O
objections	O
were	O
raised	O
.	O


The	O
coupling	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
firm	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Legal	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
is	O
odd	O
also	O
,	O
because	O
Wilmer	B-ORG
Cutler	I-ORG
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
firms	O
singled	O
out	O
for	O
criticism	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
by	O
the	O
conservative	O
legal	O
group	O
for	O
displaying	O
a	O
liberal	O
bias	O
in	O
its	O
pro	O
bono	O
work	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
give	O
them	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
credit	O
for	O
taking	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
WLF	B-ORG
's	O
Alan	B-PERSON
Slobodin	I-PERSON
.	O


THE	O
CASE	O
OF	O
THE	O
FAKE	O
DALIS	B-PERSON
:	O


In	O
federal	O
court	O
in	O
Manhattan	B-GPE
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
defendants	O
pleaded	O
guilty	O
to	O
charges	O
of	O
fraud	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
fake	O
Salvador	B-PERSON
Dali	I-PERSON
lithographs	O
.	O


James	B-PERSON
Burke	I-PERSON
and	O
Larry	B-PERSON
Evans	I-PERSON
,	O
formerly	O
owners	O
of	O
the	O
now	O
-	O
defunct	O
Barclay	B-ORG
Gallery	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Prudence	B-PERSON
Clark	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Barclay	B-ORG
sales	O
representative	O
,	O
were	O
charged	O
with	O
conducting	O
high	O
-	O
pressure	O
telephone	O
sales	O
in	O
which	O
they	O
misrepresented	O
cheap	O
copies	O
of	O
Dali	B-PERSON
artwork	O
as	O
signed	O
,	O
limited	O
-	O
edition	O
lithographs	O
.	O


The	O
posters	O
were	O
sold	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
1,300	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
6,000	I-MONEY
,	O
although	O
the	O
government	O
says	O
they	O
had	O
a	O
value	O
of	O
only	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
53	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
apiece	O
.	O


Henry	B-PERSON
Pitman	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
assistant	O
U.S.	B-GPE
attorney	O
handling	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
said	O
about	B-CARDINAL
1,000	I-CARDINAL
customers	O
were	O
defrauded	O
and	O
that	O
Barclay	B-ORG
's	O
total	O
proceeds	O
from	O
the	O
sales	O
were	O
$	B-MONEY
3.4	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Attorneys	O
for	O
Messrs.	O
Burke	B-PERSON
and	O
Evans	B-PERSON
and	O
Ms.	O
Clarke	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
although	O
their	O
clients	O
admitted	O
to	O
making	O
some	O
misrepresentations	O
in	O
the	O
sales	O
,	O
they	O
had	O
believed	O
that	O
the	O
works	O
were	O
authorized	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Dali	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
died	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
posters	O
were	O
printed	O
on	O
paper	O
pre-signed	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Dali	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
attorneys	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
dollar	O
weakened	O
in	O
indecisive	O
trading	O
as	O
foreign	O
-	O
exchange	O
dealers	O
awaited	O
fresh	O
economic	O
news	O
that	O
they	O
hope	O
will	O
jolt	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
unit	O
out	O
of	O
its	O
narrow	O
ranges	O
.	O


The	O
Canadian	B-NORP
dollar	O
climbed	O
to	O
its	O
highest	O
level	O
against	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
dollar	O
since	O
late	B-DATE
August	I-DATE
,	O
prompting	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Canada	I-ORG
to	O
sell	O
the	O
Canadian	B-NORP
currency	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


Traders	O
say	O
that	O
after	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
of	O
nervously	O
tracking	O
every	O
development	O
on	O
Wall	O
Street	O
,	O
the	O
foreign	O
-	O
exchange	O
market	O
has	O
settled	O
back	O
to	O
catch	O
its	O
breath	O
ahead	O
of	O
new	O
U.S.	B-GPE
economic	O
data	O
.	O


They	O
noted	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
a	O
26	B-CARDINAL
-	O
point	O
drop	O
in	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
gave	O
the	O
dollar	O
a	O
sharp	O
nudge	O
downward	O
late	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
late	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
trading	O
yesterday	O
,	O
the	O
dollar	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
1.8470	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
,	O
down	O
from	O
1.8578	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
late	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
at	O
141.90	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
,	O
down	O
from	O
142.43	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
late	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
.	O


Sterling	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
$	O
1.6030	B-MONEY
,	O
up	O
from	O
$	O
1.5885	B-MONEY
late	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
currency	O
opened	O
for	O
trading	O
at	O
141.80	B-MONEY
yen	O
,	O
down	O
from	O
Monday	B-DATE
's	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
close	O
of	O
142.40	B-MONEY
yen	O
.	O


The	O
market	O
's	O
attention	O
is	O
especially	O
focused	O
on	O
a	O
preliminary	O
report	O
on	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
gross	O
national	O
product	O
,	O
due	O
out	O
Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
which	O
could	O
show	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
continuing	O
to	O
expand	O
at	O
a	O
relatively	O
brisk	O
pace	O
.	O


The	O
consensus	O
view	O
on	O
real	O
GNP	O
,	O
the	O
total	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
output	O
of	O
goods	O
and	O
services	O
adjusted	O
for	O
inflation	O
,	O
calls	O
for	O
a	O
2.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
gain	O
on	O
an	O
annual	O
basis	O
,	O
slowing	O
somewhat	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
2.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
but	O
still	O
fairly	O
strong	O
.	O


Few	O
market	O
participants	O
expect	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
unit	O
to	O
rally	O
sharply	O
on	O
the	O
news	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
turns	O
out	O
as	O
expected	O
.	O


Many	O
contend	O
that	O
the	O
report	O
may	O
overstate	O
the	O
economy	O
's	O
health	O
and	O
predict	O
the	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
figures	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
last	O
vigorous	O
statistics	O
for	O
some	O
time	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


``	O
Everyone	O
is	O
waiting	O
for	O
GNP	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Walter	B-PERSON
Simon	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
assistant	O
treasurer	O
with	O
Bank	B-ORG
Julius	I-ORG
Baer	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
Yet	O
even	O
a	O
relatively	O
strong	O
number	O
--	O
2.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
2.9	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
--	O
wo	O
n't	O
alter	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
view	O
that	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
softening	O
.	O
''	O


Hubert	B-PERSON
Pedroli	I-PERSON
,	O
managing	O
director	O
of	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
at	O
Credit	B-ORG
Suisse	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
adds	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
market	O
sees	O
this	O
as	O
the	O
last	O
piece	O
of	O
good	O
news	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Pedroli	B-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
the	O
GNP	O
deflator	O
,	O
a	O
measure	O
of	O
inflation	O
,	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
slow	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
give	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
more	O
room	O
to	O
ease	O
key	O
U.S.	B-GPE
rates	O
.	O


Analysts	O
predict	O
a	O
3.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
rise	O
in	O
the	O
deflator	O
,	O
after	O
climbing	O
4.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O


They	O
note	O
that	O
when	O
an	O
unexpectedly	O
sharp	O
widening	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
trade	O
gap	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
was	O
reported	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
hopes	O
for	O
a	O
sustained	O
narrowing	O
of	O
the	O
trade	O
deficit	O
were	O
dashed	O
and	O
sentiment	O
gripped	O
the	O
market	O
that	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
economy	O
was	O
losing	O
its	O
momentum	O
.	O


A	O
190	B-CARDINAL
-	O
point	O
plunge	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
stock	O
shares	O
compounded	O
the	O
view	O
,	O
they	O
say	O
.	O


``	O
Everyone	O
is	O
extremely	O
convinced	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
slowing	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
senior	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
dealer	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
headed	O
for	O
a	O
recession	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
certainly	O
headed	O
for	O
a	O
major	O
slowdown	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
the	O
market	O
expects	O
little	O
reaction	O
from	O
news	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
durable	O
goods	O
orders	O
,	O
scheduled	O
for	O
release	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
participants	O
note	O
that	O
the	O
figures	O
will	O
probably	O
serve	O
to	O
reinforce	O
this	O
bearish	O
sentiment	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
durable	O
goods	O
orders	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
show	O
a	O
decline	O
of	O
1.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
economists	O
.	O


The	O
anticipated	O
drop	O
follows	O
a	O
3.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
rise	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
.	O


Traders	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
are	O
quick	O
to	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
while	O
there	O
is	O
little	O
enthusiasm	O
for	O
buying	O
dollars	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
unit	O
has	O
found	O
a	O
``	O
natural	O
bottom	O
''	O
at	O
about	B-MONEY
1.85	I-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
and	O
140	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


Its	O
resilience	O
around	O
these	O
levels	O
is	O
pegged	O
to	O
persistent	O
investor	O
demand	O
for	O
the	O
greenback	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


On	O
the	B-ORG
Commodity	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
gold	O
for	O
current	O
delivery	O
settled	O
at	O
$	O
367	B-MONEY
an	O
ounce	O
,	O
down	O
30	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
.	O


Estimated	O
volume	O
was	O
a	B-QUANTITY
very	I-QUANTITY
light	I-QUANTITY
one	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
ounces	I-QUANTITY
.	O


In	O
early	O
trading	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
gold	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
$	O
366.79	B-MONEY
an	O
ounce	O
.	O


Tokyo	B-GPE
stocks	O
closed	O
firmer	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
with	O
the	O
Nikkei	B-ORG
index	O
making	O
its	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
consecutive	O
daily	B-DATE
gain	O
.	O


Stocks	O
also	O
rose	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
while	O
the	O
Frankfurt	B-GPE
market	O
was	O
mixed	O
.	O


In	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Nikkei	B-ORG
index	O
added	O
99.14	B-CARDINAL
to	O
35585.52	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
index	O
moved	O
above	O
35670	B-CARDINAL
at	O
midmorning	O
,	O
nearly	O
reaching	O
the	O
record	O
of	O
35689.98	B-CARDINAL
set	O
Sept.	B-DATE
28	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
the	O
market	O
lost	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
gains	O
on	O
index	O
-	O
linked	O
investment	O
trust	O
fund	O
selling	O
.	O


In	O
early	O
trading	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Nikkei	B-ORG
index	O
rose	O
1.08	B-CARDINAL
points	O
to	O
35586.60	B-CARDINAL
.	O


On	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
traders	O
noted	O
that	O
some	O
investors	O
took	O
profits	O
against	O
the	O
backdrop	O
of	O
the	O
Nikkei	O
's	O
fast	O
-	O
paced	O
recovery	O
following	O
its	O
plunge	O
last	B-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
in	O
reaction	O
to	O
the	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
drop	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
stock	O
prices	O
.	O


But	O
overall	O
buying	O
interest	O
remained	O
strong	O
through	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
with	O
many	O
observers	O
saying	O
they	O
expect	O
the	O
Nikkei	O
to	O
continue	O
with	O
moderate	O
gains	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Turnover	O
remained	O
relatively	O
small	O
.	O


Volume	O
on	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
section	O
was	O
estimated	O
at	O
600	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
,	O
down	O
from	O
1.03	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
shares	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
stock	O
price	O
index	O
of	O
first	B-ORDINAL
section	O
issues	O
was	O
up	O
7.81	B-CARDINAL
at	O
2687.53	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Relatively	O
stable	O
foreign	O
currency	O
dealings	O
Monday	B-DATE
were	O
viewed	O
favorably	O
by	O
market	O
players	O
,	O
traders	O
said	O
.	O


But	O
institutional	O
investors	O
may	O
wait	O
a	O
little	O
longer	O
to	O
appraise	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
monetary	O
policy	O
and	O
the	O
dollar	O
,	O
traders	O
said	O
.	O


Hiroyuki	B-PERSON
Wada	I-PERSON
,	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
the	O
stock	O
department	O
at	O
Okasan	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
Monday	B-DATE
's	O
trading	O
was	O
``	O
unfocused	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
said	O
investors	O
were	O
picking	O
individual	O
stocks	O
based	O
on	O
specific	O
incentives	O
and	O
the	O
likelihood	O
of	O
a	O
wider	O
price	O
increase	O
over	O
the	O
short	O
term	O
.	O


The	O
selective	O
approach	O
blurred	O
themes	O
such	O
as	O
domestic	O
-	O
demand	O
issues	O
,	O
large	O
-	O
capitalization	O
issues	O
or	O
high	O
-	O
technology	O
shares	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
providing	O
at	O
least	O
some	O
trading	O
direction	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Wada	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


Investors	O
took	O
profits	O
on	O
major	O
construction	O
shares	O
,	O
which	O
advanced	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
shifting	O
their	O
attention	O
to	O
some	O
midsize	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Aoki	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Tobishima	B-ORG
and	O
Maeda	B-ORG
.	O


Aoki	B-ORG
gained	O
60	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
to	O
1,480	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	O
10.40	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
.	O


Some	O
pharmaceutical	O
shares	O
were	O
popular	O
on	O
rumors	O
related	O
to	O
new	O
products	O
to	O
be	O
introduced	O
at	O
a	O
cancer	O
conference	O
that	O
opened	O
in	O
Nagoya	B-GPE
.	O


Teijin	B-ORG
was	O
up	O
15	B-CARDINAL
at	O
936	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
Kyowa	B-ORG
Hakko	I-ORG
gained	O
30	B-CARDINAL
to	O
1,770	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Mochida	B-ORG
advanced	O
40	B-CARDINAL
to	O
4,440	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Fujisawa	B-ORG
continued	O
to	O
attract	O
investors	O
because	O
of	O
strong	O
earning	O
prospects	O
stemming	O
from	O
a	O
new	O
immune	O
control	O
agent	O
.	O


Fujisawa	B-ORG
gained	O
50	B-CARDINAL
to	O
2,060	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Kikkoman	B-ORG
was	O
up	O
30	B-CARDINAL
to	O
1,600	B-CARDINAL
,	O
receiving	O
investor	O
interest	O
for	O
its	O
land	O
property	O
holdings	O
near	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
trader	O
said	O
.	O


London	B-GPE
prices	O
closed	O
modestly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
thinnest	O
turnover	O
,	O
a	O
condition	O
that	O
underscored	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
conviction	O
ahead	O
of	O
a	O
U.K.	B-GPE
balance	O
of	O
payments	O
report	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
.	O


Limited	O
volume	O
ahead	O
of	O
the	O
September	B-DATE
trade	O
data	O
showed	O
the	O
market	O
is	O
nervous	O
,	O
but	O
dealers	O
added	O
that	O
the	O
day	B-DATE
's	O
modest	O
gains	O
also	O
signaled	O
some	O
support	O
for	O
London	B-GPE
equities	O
.	O


They	O
pegged	O
the	O
support	O
largely	O
to	O
anticipation	O
that	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
current	O
account	O
imbalance	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
much	O
worse	O
than	O
the	O
near	O
record	O
deficits	O
seen	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
and	O
August	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
being	O
too	O
high	O
to	O
buy	O
and	O
too	O
afraid	O
to	O
sell	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
senior	O
dealer	O
with	O
Kleinwort	B-ORG
Benson	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
better	O
to	O
wait	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Financial	B-ORG
Times	I-ORG
100	B-CARDINAL
-	O
share	O
index	O
finished	O
10.6	B-CARDINAL
points	O
higher	O
at	O
2189.7	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
30	B-CARDINAL
-	O
share	O
index	O
closed	O
11.6	B-PERCENT
points	O
higher	O
at	O
1772.6	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Volume	O
was	O
276.8	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
,	O
beneath	O
the	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
previous	O
low	O
of	O
280.5	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
Sept.	B-DATE
25	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
session	O
before	O
the	O
August	B-DATE
trade	O
figures	O
were	O
released	O
.	O


Analysts	O
'	O
expectations	O
suggest	O
a	O
September	B-DATE
current	O
account	O
deficit	O
of	O
#	B-MONEY
1.6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
2.54	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
August	B-DATE
's	O
#	B-MONEY
2.0	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
deficit	O
.	O


Dealers	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
said	O
forecasts	O
are	O
broadly	O
divergent	O
with	O
estimates	O
ranging	O
between	B-MONEY
#	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
and	I-MONEY
#	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


``	O
The	O
range	O
of	O
expectations	O
is	O
so	O
broad	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
dealer	O
at	O
another	O
major	O
U.K.	B-GPE
brokerage	O
firm	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
the	O
deficit	O
may	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
nearer	B-MONEY
or	I-MONEY
above	I-MONEY
#	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
for	O
it	O
to	O
have	O
any	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
.	O
''	O


Lucas	B-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
British	B-NORP
automotive	O
and	O
aerospace	O
concern	O
,	O
rose	O
13	B-MONEY
pence	I-MONEY
to	O
614	B-MONEY
pence	I-MONEY
after	O
it	O
said	O
its	O
pretax	O
profit	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
rose	O
28	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Share	O
prices	O
on	O
the	O
Frankfurt	B-GPE
stock	O
exchange	O
closed	O
narrowly	O
mixed	O
in	O
quiet	O
dealings	O
after	O
recovering	O
most	O
of	O
their	O
early	O
losses	O
.	O


The	O
DAX	B-ORG
index	O
eased	O
0.99	B-CARDINAL
point	O
to	O
end	O
at	O
1523.22	B-CARDINAL
after	O
falling	O
5.5	B-CARDINAL
points	O
early	O
in	O
the	O
session	O
.	O


Brokers	O
said	O
the	O
declines	O
early	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
were	O
partly	O
caused	O
by	O
losses	O
of	O
the	O
ruling	O
Christian	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
in	O
communal	O
elections	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Baden	O
-	O
Wuerttemberg	O
.	O


The	O
start	O
of	O
a	O
weeklong	O
conference	O
by	O
the	O
IG	B-ORG
Metall	I-ORG
metal	O
worker	O
union	O
in	O
Berlin	B-GPE
is	O
drawing	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
impending	O
wage	O
negotiations	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
boost	O
companies	O
'	O
personnel	O
costs	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
they	O
said	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
was	O
little	O
selling	O
pressure	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
small	O
orders	O
at	O
the	O
lower	O
levels	O
sufficed	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
market	O
back	O
to	O
Friday	B-DATE
's	O
opening	O
levels	O
.	O


Traders	O
said	O
the	O
thin	O
trading	O
volume	O
points	O
to	O
continued	O
uncertainty	O
by	O
most	O
investors	O
following	O
last	B-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
record	O
13	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
loss	O
.	O


The	O
market	O
is	O
still	O
4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
short	O
of	O
its	O
level	O
before	O
the	O
plunge	O
,	O
and	O
analysts	O
are	O
n't	O
sure	O
how	O
long	O
it	O
will	O
take	O
until	O
the	O
DAX	O
has	O
closed	O
that	O
gap	O
.	O


But	O
Norbert	B-PERSON
Braeuer	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
trader	O
at	O
Hessische	B-ORG
Landesbank	I-ORG
Girozentrale	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
Helaba	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
said	O
he	O
expects	O
share	O
prices	O
to	O
move	O
upward	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


Banking	O
stocks	O
were	O
the	O
major	O
gainers	O
Monday	B-DATE
amid	O
hope	O
that	O
interest	O
rates	O
have	O
peaked	O
,	O
as	O
Deutsche	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
and	O
Dresdner	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
added	O
4	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
each	O
to	O
664	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	O
357	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
and	O
326	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
,	O
respectively	O
.	O


Commerzbank	B-ORG
gained	O
1	B-CARDINAL
to	O
252.5	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Auto	O
shares	O
were	O
mixed	O
,	O
as	O
Daimler	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Benz	I-ORG
firmed	O
2	B-CARDINAL
to	O
723	B-CARDINAL
,	O
Bayerische	B-ORG
Motoren	I-ORG
Werke	I-ORG
lost	O
the	O
same	O
amount	O
to	O
554	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
Volkswagen	B-ORG
inched	O
down	O
1.4	B-CARDINAL
to	O
451.6	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Elsewhere	O
,	O
prices	O
closed	O
higher	O
in	O
Amsterdam	B-GPE
,	O
lower	O
in	O
Zurich	B-GPE
,	O
Stockholm	B-GPE
and	O
Milan	B-GPE
,	O
mixed	O
in	O
Brussels	B-GPE
and	O
unchanged	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
.	O


Shares	O
closed	O
higher	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
Singapore	B-GPE
and	O
Manila	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
were	O
lower	O
in	O
Sydney	B-GPE
,	O
Seoul	B-GPE
and	O
Taipei	B-GPE
.	O


Wellington	B-GPE
was	O
closed	O
.	O


Here	O
are	O
price	O
trends	O
on	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
major	O
stock	O
markets	O
,	O
as	O
calculated	O
by	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Perspective	I-ORG
,	O
Geneva	B-GPE
.	O


To	O
make	O
them	O
directly	O
comparable	O
,	O
each	O
index	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
close	O
of	O
1969	B-DATE
equaling	O
100	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
percentage	O
change	O
is	O
since	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
.	O


Monday	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
23	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE


The	O
key	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
foreign	O
annual	B-DATE
interest	O
rates	O
below	O
are	O
a	O
guide	O
to	O
general	O
levels	O
but	O
do	O
n't	O
always	O
represent	O
actual	O
transactions	O
.	O


PRIME	O
RATE	O
:	O
10	B-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
base	O
rate	O
on	O
corporate	O
loans	O
at	O
large	O
U.S.	B-GPE
money	O
center	O
commercial	O
banks	O
.	O


FEDERAL	O
FUNDS	O
:	O
8	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
high	O
,	O
8	B-PERCENT
11/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
low	O
,	O
8	B-PERCENT
11/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
near	O
closing	O
bid	O
,	O
8	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
offered	O
.	O


Reserves	O
traded	O
among	O
commercial	O
banks	O
for	O
overnight	O
use	O
in	O
amounts	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
or	O
more	O
.	O


Source	O
:	O
Fulton	B-ORG
Prebon	I-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
U.S.A	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


DISCOUNT	O
RATE	O
:	O
7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
charge	O
on	O
loans	O
to	O
depository	O
institutions	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
.	O


CALL	O
MONEY	O
:	O
9	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
charge	O
on	O
loans	O
to	O
brokers	O
on	O
stock	O
exchange	O
collateral	O
.	O


COMMERCIAL	O
PAPER	O
placed	O
directly	O
by	O
General	B-ORG
Motors	I-ORG
Acceptance	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
:	O
8.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
2	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
44	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
45	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
69	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
70	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
89	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
90	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
119	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.05	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
120	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
149	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
7.90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
150	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
179	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
7.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
180	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
270	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


COMMERCIAL	O
PAPER	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
grade	O
unsecured	O
notes	O
sold	O
through	O
dealers	O
by	O
major	O
corporations	O
in	O
multiples	O
of	O
$	O
1,000	B-MONEY
:	O
8.575	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
30	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
60	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
90	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


CERTIFICATES	O
OF	O
DEPOSIT	O
:	O
8.09	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
;	O
8.09	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8.06	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
7.94	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Average	O
of	O
top	O
rates	O
paid	O
by	O
major	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
banks	O
on	O
primary	O
new	O
issues	O
of	O
negotiable	O
C.D.s	O
,	O
usually	O
on	O
amounts	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
and	O
more	O
.	O


The	O
minimum	O
unit	O
is	O
$	O
100,000	B-MONEY
.	O


Typical	O
rates	O
in	O
the	O
secondary	O
market	O
:	O
8.60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
;	O
8.60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8.40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


BANKERS	O
ACCEPTANCES	O
:	O
8.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
30	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.32	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
60	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.32	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
90	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.16	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
120	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.05	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
150	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
7.96	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
180	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Negotiable	O
,	O
bank	O
-	O
backed	O
business	O
credit	O
instruments	O
typically	O
financing	O
an	O
import	O
order	O
.	O


LONDON	B-GPE
LATE	O
EURODOLLARS	O
:	O
8	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
5/8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
11/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
9/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
5/8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
5/8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
four	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
9/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
7/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
five	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
9/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
7/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


LONDON	B-GPE
INTERBANK	O
OFFERED	O
RATES	O
-LRB-	O
LIBOR	O
-RRB-	O
:	O
8	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
9/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
average	O
of	O
interbank	O
offered	O
rates	O
for	O
dollar	O
deposits	O
in	O
the	O
London	B-GPE
market	O
based	O
on	O
quotations	O
at	O
five	B-CARDINAL
major	O
banks	O
.	O


FOREIGN	O
PRIME	O
RATES	O
:	O
Canada	B-GPE
13.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
Germany	B-GPE
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
Japan	B-GPE
4.875	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
Switzerland	B-GPE
8.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
Britain	B-GPE
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


These	O
rate	O
indications	O
are	O
n't	O
directly	O
comparable	O
;	O
lending	O
practices	O
vary	O
widely	O
by	O
location	O
.	O


Results	O
of	O
the	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
23	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
auction	O
of	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
U.S.	B-GPE
government	O
bills	O
,	O
sold	O
at	O
a	O
discount	O
from	O
face	O
value	O
in	O
units	O
of	O
$	O
10,000	B-MONEY
to	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
:	O
7.52	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
13	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
;	O
7.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
26	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


FEDERAL	B-ORG
HOME	I-ORG
LOAN	I-ORG
MORTGAGE	I-ORG
CORP	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
Freddie	B-ORG
Mac	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
:	O
Posted	O
yields	O
on	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
mortgage	O
commitments	O
for	O
delivery	O
within	O
30	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O
9.86	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
standard	O
conventional	O
fixed	O
-	O
rate	O
mortgages	O
;	O
7.875	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
rate	O
capped	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
adjustable	O
rate	O
mortgages	O
.	O


Source	O
:	O
Telerate	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


FEDERAL	B-ORG
NATIONAL	I-ORG
MORTGAGE	I-ORG
ASSOCIATION	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
Fannie	B-ORG
Mae	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
:	O
Posted	O
yields	O
on	O
30	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
mortgage	O
commitments	O
for	O
delivery	O
within	O
30	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
-LRB-	O
priced	O
at	O
par	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
9.80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
standard	O
conventional	O
fixed	O
-	O
rate	O
mortgages	O
;	O
8.75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
6/2	B-CARDINAL
rate	O
capped	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
adjustable	O
rate	O
mortgages	O
.	O


Source	O
:	O
Telerate	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


MERRILL	O
LYNCH	O
READY	O
ASSETS	O
TRUST	O
:	O
8.56	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Annualized	O
average	O
rate	O
of	O
return	O
after	O
expenses	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
not	O
a	O
forecast	O
of	O
future	O
returns	O
.	O


BRISTOL	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
MYERS	I-ORG
SQUIBB	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
--	O


Gerald	B-PERSON
C.	I-PERSON
Beddall	I-PERSON
,	O
47	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
was	O
named	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
Clairol	B-ORG
division	O
of	O
this	O
pharmaceuticals	O
and	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
company	O
.	O


He	O
succeeds	O
C.	B-PERSON
Benjamin	I-PERSON
Brooks	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
will	O
retire	O
Nov.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Brooks	B-PERSON
declined	O
to	O
give	O
his	O
age	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
said	O
his	O
leaving	O
is	O
a	O
normal	O
retirement	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Beddall	B-PERSON
had	O
been	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
division	O
since	O
April	B-DATE
.	O


Clairol	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
makes	O
hair	O
and	O
skin	O
products	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
division	O
of	O
Bristol	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Myers	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
before	O
that	O
company	O
's	O
merger	O
with	O
Squibb	B-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


Annualized	O
interest	O
rates	O
on	O
certain	O
investments	O
as	O
reported	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
on	O
a	O
weekly	O
-	O
average	O
basis	O
:	O


a	O
-	O
Discounted	O
rate	O
.	O


b	O
-	O
Week	B-DATE
ended	I-DATE
Wednesday	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
18	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
and	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
11	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
.	O


c	O
-	O
Yields	O
,	O
adjusted	O
for	O
constant	O
maturity	O
.	O


American	B-ORG
Telephone	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Telegraph	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
will	O
spend	O
$	B-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	O
build	O
a	O
factory	O
in	O
Guadalajara	B-GPE
,	O
Mexico	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
make	O
telephone	O
answering	O
machines	O
.	O


Construction	O
of	O
the	O
265,000	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
facility	O
will	O
begin	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
production	O
expected	O
to	O
start	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
1991	I-DATE
.	O


When	O
fully	O
operational	O
,	O
the	O
Guadalajara	B-GPE
factory	O
will	O
employ	O
about	B-CARDINAL
1,500	I-CARDINAL
workers	O
and	O
have	O
annual	B-DATE
operating	O
expenses	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


An	O
AT&T	B-ORG
representative	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
Guadalajara	B-GPE
factory	O
will	O
make	O
a	O
full	O
line	O
of	O
answering	O
machines	O
.	O


AT&T	B-ORG
already	O
has	O
a	O
factory	O
in	O
Matamoros	B-GPE
,	O
Mexico	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
make	O
electrical	O
devices	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
purchases	O
data	O
systems	O
products	O
from	O
a	O
manufacturer	O
based	O
in	O
Monterrey	B-GPE
.	O


Exxon	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
filed	O
suit	O
against	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Alaska	B-GPE
,	O
charging	O
state	O
officials	O
interfered	O
with	O
the	O
oil	O
company	O
's	O
initial	O
efforts	O
to	O
treat	O
last	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
giant	O
oil	O
spill	O
.	O


The	O
action	O
is	O
a	O
counterclaim	O
to	O
a	O
suit	O
filed	O
by	O
Alaska	B-GPE
in	O
August	B-DATE
against	O
Exxon	B-ORG
and	O
six	B-CARDINAL
other	O
oil	O
companies	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
's	O
suit	O
alleges	O
that	O
Exxon	B-ORG
's	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
spill	O
failed	O
to	O
prevent	O
contamination	O
of	O
hundreds	B-QUANTITY
of	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
of	O
shoreline	O
along	O
Prince	B-LOC
William	I-LOC
Sound	I-LOC
.	O


That	O
suit	O
and	O
Exxon	B-ORG
's	O
countersuit	O
were	O
filed	O
in	O
a	O
state	O
court	O
in	O
Anchorage	B-GPE
.	O


Neither	O
suit	O
lists	O
specific	O
dollar	O
claims	O
,	O
largely	O
because	O
damage	O
assessment	O
has	O
n't	O
yet	O
been	O
completed	O
.	O


Legal	O
strategists	O
say	O
that	O
damage	O
claims	O
against	O
the	O
oil	O
giant	O
and	O
others	O
could	O
well	O
exceed	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Litigation	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
settled	O
out	O
of	O
court	O
,	O
could	O
drag	O
on	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
.	O


Exxon	B-ORG
said	O
in	O
its	O
suit	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
seek	O
reimbursement	O
from	O
the	O
state	O
for	O
that	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
cleanup	O
costs	O
and	O
damage	O
claims	O
it	O
says	O
resulted	O
from	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
conduct	O
.	O


The	O
oil	O
company	O
claims	O
that	O
Alaskan	B-NORP
officials	O
prevented	O
Exxon	B-ORG
from	O
spraying	O
dispersant	O
onto	O
the	B-QUANTITY
almost	I-QUANTITY
11	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
gallons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
oil	O
dumped	O
when	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
tankers	O
ran	O
into	O
an	O
underwater	O
reef	O
.	O


Craig	B-PERSON
Tillery	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
Alaska	B-GPE
assistant	O
attorney	O
general	O
,	O
said	O
in	O
an	O
interview	O
last	O
night	O
that	O
Exxon	B-ORG
's	O
accusations	O
``	O
are	O
not	O
new	O
.	O


Exxon	B-ORG
has	O
made	O
them	O
before	O
,	O
at	O
which	O
point	O
the	O
state	O
demonstrated	O
they	O
were	O
untrue	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
will	O
vigorously	O
defend	O
against	O
any	O
counterclaim	O
.	O
''	O


Since	O
the	O
spill	O
last	B-DATE
March	I-DATE
,	O
Exxon	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
state	O
have	O
been	O
wrangling	O
over	O
whether	O
spraying	O
dispersant	O
on	O
the	O
oil	O
in	O
the	B-TIME
first	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
after	O
the	O
spill	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
weather	O
was	O
clear	O
and	O
calm	O
,	O
would	O
have	O
helped	O
limit	O
the	O
environmental	O
damage	O
.	O


Exxon	B-ORG
claims	O
that	O
use	O
of	O
dispersants	O
,	O
which	O
break	O
an	O
oil	O
slick	O
into	O
microscopic	O
droplets	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
crucial	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
immediate	O
-	O
response	O
plan	O
and	O
that	O
state	O
officials	O
banned	O
their	O
use	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
fair	O
weather	O
following	O
the	O
spill	O
.	O


The	O
oil	O
company	O
claims	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
permission	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Environmental	I-ORG
Protection	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
prior	O
to	O
the	O
spill	O
to	O
use	O
dispersant	O
during	O
such	O
an	O
incident	O
at	O
the	O
discretion	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Coast	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
state	O
's	O
opposition	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
dispersants	O
,	O
Exxon	B-ORG
says	O
,	O
caused	O
the	B-ORG
Coast	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
``	O
to	O
delay	O
granting	O
permission	O
.	O
''	O


Alaskan	B-NORP
and	O
Coast	B-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
officials	O
say	O
Exxon	B-ORG
's	O
charges	O
are	O
n't	O
relevant	O
because	O
tests	O
conducted	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
following	O
the	O
spill	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
dispersant	O
was	O
n't	O
working	O
anyway	O
.	O


Use	O
of	O
dispersants	O
was	O
approved	O
when	O
a	O
test	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
showed	O
some	O
positive	O
results	O
,	O
officials	O
said	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
Appropriations	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
approved	O
an	B-MONEY
estimated	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2.85	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
emergency	O
funding	O
to	O
assist	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
recovery	O
from	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
earthquake	O
and	O
to	O
extend	O
further	O
aid	O
to	O
East	B-LOC
Coast	I-LOC
victims	O
of	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
.	O


The	O
package	O
was	O
termed	O
excessive	O
by	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
also	O
provoked	O
a	O
struggle	O
with	O
influential	O
California	B-GPE
lawmakers	O
who	O
sought	O
unsuccessfully	O
to	O
add	O
nearly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
more	O
and	O
waive	O
current	O
restrictions	O
to	O
expedite	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
funds	O
.	O


By	O
a	O
26	B-CARDINAL
-	O
7	O
margin	O
,	O
the	O
committee	O
scuttled	O
the	O
more	O
expensive	O
alternative	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
debate	O
forced	O
a	O
strained	O
confrontation	O
between	O
Appropriations	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Jamie	B-PERSON
Whitten	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Miss	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
and	O
his	O
party	O
's	O
largest	O
state	O
delegation	O
in	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
.	O


``	O
I	O
have	O
no	O
regrets	O
about	O
going	O
forward	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Rep.	O
Vic	B-PERSON
Fazio	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
who	O
sought	O
later	O
to	O
play	O
down	O
the	O
sometimes	O
hostile	O
tone	O
of	O
the	O
long	O
evening	O
meeting	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
are	O
the	B-GPE
Golden	I-GPE
State	I-GPE
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Fazio	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
``	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
certain	O
amount	O
of	O
jealousy	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
$	B-MONEY
2.85	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
package	O
incorporates	O
$	B-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
small	O
-	O
business	O
loans	O
,	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
highway	O
construction	O
funds	O
,	O
and	O
$	B-MONEY
1.35	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
divided	O
between	O
general	O
emergency	O
assistance	O
and	O
a	O
reserve	O
to	O
be	O
available	O
to	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
to	O
meet	O
unanticipated	O
costs	O
from	O
the	O
two	O
disasters	O
.	O


The	O
funding	O
is	O
attached	O
to	O
a	O
stopgap	O
bill	O
to	O
keep	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
operating	O
through	O
Nov.	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
measure	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
come	O
before	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
today	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
Congress	B-ORG
is	O
under	O
pressure	O
to	O
complete	O
action	O
before	O
midnight	B-TIME
EDT	I-TIME
tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
current	O
continuing	O
resolution	O
expires	O
.	O


Given	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
size	O
and	O
political	O
importance	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
is	O
eager	O
to	O
appear	O
generous	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
private	O
meetings	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
Budget	B-ORG
Director	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Darman	I-PERSON
argued	O
that	O
only	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
new	O
federal	O
appropriations	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
supplement	O
existing	O
resources	O
.	O


A	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
budget	O
office	O
analysis	O
estimates	O
that	O
$	B-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
--	O
or	O
half	B-CARDINAL
the	O
level	O
in	O
the	O
committee	O
bill	O
--	O
is	O
needed	O
for	O
highway	O
assistance	O
to	O
meet	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
needs	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
administration	O
rejects	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
new	O
appropriations	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
finance	O
disaster	O
loans	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Small	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
Everybody	O
appreciates	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
national	O
disaster	O
and	O
that	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
address	O
it	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Darman	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
Capitol	B-ORG
to	O
meet	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Whitten	B-PERSON
and	O
California	B-GPE
lawmakers	O
before	O
the	O
committee	O
session	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
would	O
hope	O
very	O
much	O
that	O
we	O
would	O
n't	O
end	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
situation	O
where	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
bidding	O
war	O
and	O
then	O
a	O
veto	O
threat	O
.	O
''	O


Although	O
this	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
pressure	O
was	O
clearly	O
a	O
factor	O
among	O
committee	O
Republicans	B-NORP
,	O
no	O
single	O
influence	O
was	O
greater	O
than	O
Mr.	O
Whitten	B-PERSON
.	O


A	O
master	O
of	O
pork	O
-	O
barrel	O
politics	O
,	O
he	O
had	O
crafted	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
2.85	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
package	O
in	O
vintage	O
style	O
and	O
used	O
the	O
full	O
force	O
of	O
his	O
chairmanship	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
proposal	O
intact	O
and	O
dismiss	O
any	O
alternative	O
.	O


When	O
Mr.	O
Fazio	B-PERSON
offered	O
the	O
California	B-GPE
-	O
backed	O
$	B-MONEY
3.84	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
plan	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Whitten	B-PERSON
insisted	O
that	O
the	O
full	O
14	B-CARDINAL
pages	O
be	O
read	O
aloud	O
by	O
the	O
panel	O
's	O
clerk	O
to	O
underscore	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
legislative	O
changes	O
also	O
sought	O
by	O
the	O
delegation	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
chairman	O
's	O
motion	O
,	O
the	O
California	B-GPE
package	O
was	O
subsequently	O
reduced	O
to	O
less	O
-	O
binding	O
report	O
language	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
when	O
this	O
was	O
accepted	O
as	O
such	O
on	O
a	O
voice	O
vote	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Whitten	B-PERSON
pointedly	O
opposed	O
it	O
.	O


More	O
important	O
than	O
money	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
are	O
waivers	O
California	B-GPE
is	O
seeking	O
on	O
current	O
restrictions	O
covering	O
federal	O
highway	O
funds	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
cap	O
on	O
how	O
much	O
any	O
single	O
state	O
can	O
receive	O
in	O
emergency	O
funds	O
in	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Whitten	B-PERSON
's	O
package	O
appears	O
to	O
accomplish	O
this	O
purpose	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
state	O
faces	O
more	O
resistance	O
in	O
its	O
bid	O
for	O
an	O
extended	O
waiver	O
on	O
having	O
to	O
put	O
up	O
any	O
matching	O
funds	O
on	O
repairs	O
completed	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
member	O
in	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
leadership	O
and	O
skilled	O
legislator	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Fazio	B-PERSON
nonetheless	O
found	O
himself	O
burdened	O
not	O
only	O
by	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
needs	O
but	O
by	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
amendments	O
he	O
accepted	O
in	O
a	O
vain	O
effort	O
to	O
build	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
panel	O
.	O


The	O
California	B-GPE
Democrat	B-NORP
appeared	O
embarrassed	O
by	O
provisions	O
inserted	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
owners	O
of	O
private	O
beaches	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Virgin	I-GPE
Islands	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
lumber	O
interests	O
sought	O
to	O
add	O
another	O
$	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
federal	O
aid	O
to	O
plant	O
timber	O
on	O
private	O
land	O
in	O
North	B-GPE
and	I-GPE
South	I-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
.	O


California	B-GPE
's	O
high	O
-	O
priced	O
real	O
estate	O
puts	O
it	O
in	O
an	O
awkward	O
position	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
provision	O
last	O
night	O
would	O
have	O
raised	O
the	O
cap	O
on	O
disaster	O
loans	O
to	O
$	O
500,000	B-MONEY
from	O
$	O
100,000	B-MONEY
per	O
household	O
to	O
accommodate	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
losses	O
.	O


Kurzweil	B-ORG
Music	I-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
retained	O
Kidder	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Peabody	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
to	O
study	O
financial	O
alternatives	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
possible	O
sale	O
of	O
the	O
financially	O
struggling	O
company	O
.	O


Kurzweil	B-ORG
,	O
Waltham	B-GPE
,	O
Mass.	B-GPE
,	O
makes	O
digital	O
electronic	O
keyboard	O
instruments	O
used	O
by	O
professional	O
recording	O
musicians	O
.	O


It	O
recently	O
introduced	O
a	O
line	O
for	O
the	O
home	O
market	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
Raymond	B-PERSON
C.	I-PERSON
Kurzweil	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
,	O
said	O
``	O
The	O
company	O
continues	O
to	O
require	O
additional	O
funding	O
to	O
realize	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
its	O
technology	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
Kurzweil	B-ORG
had	O
a	O
loss	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
6.9	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
on	O
sales	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
11.2	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
its	O
president	O
,	O
John	B-PERSON
S.	I-PERSON
Donnelly	I-PERSON
,	O
resigned	O
citing	O
``	O
management	O
differences	O
''	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Kurzweil	B-PERSON
.	O


Amtech	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Tempe	B-GPE
,	O
Ariz.	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
its	O
preliminary	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
results	O
of	O
operations	O
indicate	O
``	O
substantial	O
improvement	O
''	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Amtech	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
makes	O
an	O
automated	O
process	O
system	O
that	O
improves	O
the	O
yields	O
of	O
semiconductor	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
said	O
profit	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
Sept.	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
rose	O
to	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
800,000	I-MONEY
from	O
$	O
446,000	B-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Per	O
-	O
share	O
earnings	O
are	O
estimated	O
at	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
,	O
up	O
from	O
22	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
for	O
fiscal	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


Total	O
revenue	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
double	O
to	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
22	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
from	O
$	B-MONEY
10.8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Amtech	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
also	O
provides	O
technical	O
temporary	O
employment	O
services	O
to	O
aerospace	O
,	O
defense	O
,	O
computer	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
companies	O
in	O
the	O
Southwest	B-LOC
and	O
Baltimore	B-GPE
-	O
Washington	O
areas	O
,	O
said	O
its	O
final	O
audited	O
results	O
are	O
due	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
November	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
company	O
attributed	O
the	O
improvement	O
to	O
strong	O
demand	O
in	O
the	O
semiconductor	O
equipment	O
segment	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Echelon	B-ORG
Service	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
a	B-DATE
full	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
results	O
of	O
operations	O
for	O
RTS	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
compared	O
with	O
seven	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
'	I-DATE
results	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
prior	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


LDI	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Cleveland	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
it	O
will	O
offer	O
$	B-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
commercial	O
paper	O
backed	O
by	O
lease	O
-	O
rental	O
receivables	O
.	O


The	O
program	O
matches	O
funds	O
raised	O
from	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
the	O
commercial	O
paper	O
with	O
small	O
to	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
leases	O
.	O


LDI	B-ORG
termed	O
the	O
paper	O
``	O
non-recourse	O
financing	O
,	O
''	O
meaning	O
that	O
investors	O
would	O
be	O
repaid	O
from	O
the	O
lease	O
receivables	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
directly	O
by	O
LDI	B-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


LDI	B-ORG
leases	O
and	O
sells	O
data	O
-	O
processing	O
,	O
telecommunications	O
and	O
other	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
equipment	O
.	O


SHEVARDNADZE	B-PERSON
ADMITTED	O
that	O
Moscow	B-GPE
violated	O
the	O
1972	B-DATE
ABM	B-LAW
treaty	I-LAW
.	O


In	O
a	O
foreign	O
-	O
policy	O
address	O
before	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
legislature	O
,	O
the	O
foreign	O
minister	O
conceded	O
that	O
the	O
radar	O
station	O
in	O
Krasnoyarsk	B-GPE
breached	O
the	O
superpower	O
Anti-Ballistic	B-LAW
Missile	I-LAW
treaty	I-LAW
and	O
said	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
dismantled	O
.	O


Shevardnadze	B-PERSON
said	O
it	O
took	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
's	O
government	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
determine	O
that	O
the	O
station	O
's	O
location	O
in	O
Siberia	B-LOC
violated	O
the	O
accord	O
,	O
as	O
Western	O
arms	O
-	O
control	O
officials	O
have	O
long	O
contended	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
denounced	O
Moscow	B-GPE
's	O
nine	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
involvement	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
,	O
saying	O
it	O
involved	O
``	O
gross	O
violations	O
of	O
...	O
civil	O
norms	O
and	O
ethics	O
.	O
''	O


Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Baker	B-PERSON
,	O
in	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
major	O
arms	O
-	O
control	O
speech	O
,	O
called	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
military	O
relationship	O
with	O
Moscow	B-GPE
to	O
reduce	O
``	O
first	B-ORDINAL
strike	O
''	O
nuclear	O
arms	O
.	O


BAY	B-LOC
AREA	I-LOC
COMMUTERS	O
BATTLED	O
earthquake	O
-	O
related	O
transportation	O
snarls	O
.	O


Travelers	O
crowded	O
into	O
subways	O
,	O
sat	O
in	O
traffic	O
jams	O
on	O
major	O
freeways	O
or	O
waited	O
for	O
buses	O
in	O
the	O
rain	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
massive	O
gridlock	O
anticipated	O
by	O
officials	O
in	O
the	O
San	B-LOC
Francisco	I-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
area	O
never	O
materialized	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
death	O
toll	O
from	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
temblor	O
climbed	O
to	O
61	B-CARDINAL
,	O
the	O
condition	O
of	O
freeway	O
survivor	O
Buck	B-PERSON
Helm	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
spent	O
four	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
trapped	O
under	O
rubble	O
,	O
improved	O
,	O
hospital	O
officials	O
said	O
.	O


Rescue	O
crews	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
gave	O
up	O
hope	O
that	O
others	O
would	O
be	O
found	O
alive	O
under	O
the	O
collapsed	O
roadway	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
Appropriations	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
approved	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
2.85	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
aid	O
package	O
for	O
the	O
quake	O
region	O
,	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
3.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
sought	O
by	O
California	B-GPE
officials	O
.	O


Hungary	B-GPE
declared	O
itself	O
a	O
democracy	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
openly	O
commemorated	O
the	O
anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
1956	B-DATE
anti-Stalinist	B-NORP
uprising	O
that	O
was	O
crushed	O
by	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
.	O


A	O
crowd	O
estimated	O
at	O
100,000	B-CARDINAL
held	O
a	O
torch	O
-	O
lit	O
march	O
through	O
Budapest	B-GPE
as	O
Acting	O
President	O
Szuros	B-PERSON
delivered	O
a	O
nationally	O
televised	O
address	O
rejecting	O
communist	B-NORP
dominance	O
.	O


About	B-CARDINAL
200,000	I-CARDINAL
East	B-NORP
Germans	I-NORP
marched	O
in	O
Leipzig	B-GPE
and	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
more	I-CARDINAL
staged	O
protests	O
in	O
three	B-CARDINAL
other	O
cities	O
in	O
a	O
fresh	O
challenge	O
to	O
the	O
Communist	B-NORP
leadership	O
to	O
introduce	O
democratic	O
freedoms	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
East	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
suburb	O
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
employees	O
at	O
an	O
electronics	O
plant	O
formed	O
an	O
independent	O
trade	O
union	O
called	O
Reform	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
worker	O
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
space	O
shuttle	O
Atlantis	B-PRODUCT
landed	O
at	O
a	O
desert	O
air	O
strip	O
at	O
Edwards	B-FAC
Air	I-FAC
Force	I-FAC
Base	I-FAC
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
,	O
ending	O
a	O
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
mission	O
that	O
dispatched	O
the	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
-	O
bound	O
Galileo	B-PRODUCT
space	O
probe	O
.	O


The	O
five	B-CARDINAL
astronauts	O
returned	O
to	O
Earth	B-LOC
about	B-TIME
three	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
early	O
because	O
high	O
winds	O
had	O
been	O
predicted	O
at	O
the	O
landing	O
site	O
.	O


Fog	O
shrouded	O
the	O
base	O
before	O
touchdown	O
.	O


Explosions	O
shook	O
a	O
Phillips	B-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
plastics	O
plant	O
near	O
Pasadena	B-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
hurling	O
debris	O
and	O
causing	O
a	O
fire	O
visible	O
from	O
10	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
away	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
injured	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
workers	O
were	O
missing	O
.	O


Parts	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Houston	I-LOC
Ship	I-LOC
Channel	I-LOC
were	O
closed	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
said	O
Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
conferring	O
with	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
to	O
ease	O
differences	O
over	O
guidelines	O
for	O
CIA	B-ORG
agents	O
.	O


The	O
statement	O
came	O
after	O
officials	O
said	O
Bush	B-PERSON
complained	O
at	O
a	O
private	O
meeting	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
that	O
a	O
strict	O
interpretation	O
of	O
a	O
policy	O
requires	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
to	O
notify	O
foreign	O
dictators	O
of	O
certain	O
coup	O
plots	O
.	O


Lebanon	B-GPE
's	O
Gen.	O
Aoun	B-PERSON
placed	O
Christian	B-NORP
military	O
forces	O
on	O
alert	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
renewed	O
fighting	O
with	O
Syrian	B-NORP
-	O
backed	O
Moslems	B-NORP
after	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
's	O
two	B-CARDINAL
main	O
Shiite	B-NORP
militias	O
rejected	O
an	O
Arab	B-NORP
-	O
sponsored	O
peace	O
accord	O
.	O


The	O
plan	O
,	O
approved	O
by	O
lawmakers	O
and	O
rejected	O
Sunday	B-DATE
by	O
Aoun	B-PERSON
,	O
includes	O
political	O
changes	O
aimed	O
at	O
ending	O
the	O
14	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
civil	O
war	O
.	O


NATO	B-ORG
defense	O
ministers	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
call	O
for	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
nuclear	O
forces	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
when	O
the	O
alliance	O
's	O
nuclear	O
planning	O
group	O
convenes	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
session	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
Portugal	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
ministers	O
are	O
to	O
reshape	O
NATO	B-ORG
's	O
defenses	O
in	O
Western	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
amid	O
fast	O
-	O
paced	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
bloc	O
.	O


Iran	B-GPE
's	O
President	O
Rafsanjani	B-PERSON
offered	O
to	O
help	O
gain	O
freedom	O
for	O
Western	O
hostages	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
said	O
the	O
assistance	O
was	O
contingent	O
on	O
U.S.	B-GPE
aid	O
in	O
resolving	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Iranians	B-NORP
kidnapped	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
in	O
1982	B-DATE
or	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
frozen	O
Iranian	B-NORP
assets	O
.	O


Washington	B-GPE
rejected	O
the	O
bid	O
,	O
saying	O
the	O
hostages	O
were	O
n't	O
linked	O
to	O
other	O
issues	O
.	O


PLO	B-ORG
leader	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
asked	O
Egypt	B-GPE
to	O
seek	O
clarifications	O
from	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
on	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Baker	B-PERSON
's	O
plan	O
for	O
Mideast	B-LOC
peace	O
talks	O
,	O
an	O
aide	O
to	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
President	O
Mubarak	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


The	O
official	O
stressed	O
that	O
the	O
PLO	B-ORG
has	O
n't	O
rejected	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
-	O
point	O
formula	O
.	O


Commonwealth	O
leaders	O
turned	O
to	O
issues	O
ranging	O
from	O
drugs	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
after	O
Zimbabwe	B-GPE
's	O
President	O
Mugabe	B-PERSON
called	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
's	O
views	O
on	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
``	O
despicable	O
.	O
''	O


At	O
a	O
meeting	O
in	O
Malaysia	B-GPE
,	O
Australia	B-GPE
and	O
Canada	B-GPE
also	O
assailed	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
prime	O
minister	O
for	O
criticizing	O
the	O
49	B-CARDINAL
-	O
nation	O
group	O
's	O
call	O
for	O
Pretoria	B-GPE
to	O
ease	O
apartheid	O
.	O


A	O
federal	O
judge	O
granted	O
a	O
temporary	O
stay	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
California	I-ORG
Student	I-ORG
Aid	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
emergency	O
action	O
to	O
stop	O
guaranteeing	O
loans	O
for	O
National	B-ORG
Technical	I-ORG
Schools	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
United	B-ORG
Education	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Software	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


The	B-ORG
California	I-ORG
Student	I-ORG
Aid	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
took	O
the	O
action	O
Oct.	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
after	O
a	O
government	O
audit	O
cited	O
National	B-ORG
Technical	I-ORG
Schools	I-ORG
for	O
having	O
courses	O
too	O
short	O
to	O
be	O
eligible	O
for	O
the	O
educational	O
loan	O
program	O
and	O
having	O
a	O
student	O
drop	O
-	O
out	O
rate	O
far	O
in	O
excess	O
of	O
federal	O
standards	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
alleged	O
other	O
serious	O
violations	O
of	O
law	O
and	O
regulations	O
.	O


United	B-ORG
Education	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Software	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
education	O
services	O
company	O
,	O
called	O
the	O
commission	O
's	O
action	O
``	O
precipitous	O
and	O
unwarranted	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
court	O
set	O
a	O
hearing	O
on	O
the	O
emergency	O
action	O
for	O
Oct.	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
.	O


United	B-ORG
Education	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Software	I-ORG
posted	O
a	O
$	O
250,000	B-MONEY
bond	O
against	O
potential	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
student	O
aid	O
commission	O
and	O
to	O
taxpayers	O
in	O
guaranteeing	O
any	O
more	O
loans	O
for	O
National	B-ORG
Technical	I-ORG
Schools	I-ORG
students	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
hearing	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Highway	I-ORG
Traffic	I-ORG
Safety	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
will	O
start	O
enforcing	O
stiffer	O
regulations	O
Jan.	B-DATE
31	I-DATE
for	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
gray	O
-	O
market	O
imports	O
of	O
vehicles	O
.	O


The	O
regulations	O
,	O
required	O
under	O
legislation	O
enacted	O
by	O
Congress	B-ORG
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
will	O
apply	O
to	O
imports	O
of	O
vehicles	O
that	O
were	O
n't	O
built	O
to	O
meet	O
U.S.	B-GPE
government	O
auto	O
safety	O
standards	O
and	O
were	O
intended	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
or	O
elsewhere	O
abroad	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
estimated	O
that	O
gray	O
-	O
market	O
imports	O
total	O
about	B-CARDINAL
2,100	I-CARDINAL
units	O
a	O
year	O
,	O
a	O
small	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
vehicles	O
exported	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
each	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
NHTSA	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
new	O
regulations	O
will	O
prohibit	O
anyone	O
other	O
than	O
an	O
importer	O
that	O
has	O
registered	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
government	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
person	O
who	O
has	O
a	O
contract	O
with	O
a	O
registered	O
importer	O
,	O
from	O
permanently	O
importing	O
a	O
vehicle	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
meet	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
auto	O
safety	O
standards	O
.	O


The	O
registered	O
importer	O
would	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
bring	O
such	O
vehicles	O
into	O
compliance	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
safety	O
standards	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
current	O
situation	O
in	O
which	O
anyone	O
can	O
bring	O
in	O
such	O
vehicles	O
and	O
modify	O
them	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
standards	O
.	O


Congress	B-ORG
tightened	O
auto	O
safety	O
standards	O
for	O
gray	O
-	O
market	O
imports	O
after	O
U.S.	B-GPE
auto	O
dealers	O
,	O
including	O
franchised	O
foreign	O
-	O
car	O
dealers	O
,	O
complained	O
that	O
they	O
often	O
were	O
blamed	O
when	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
and	O
third	B-ORDINAL
buyers	O
of	O
such	O
vehicles	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
cars	O
could	O
n't	O
meet	O
U.S.	B-GPE
auto	O
safety	O
standards	O
.	O


Detrex	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
a	O
reserve	O
it	O
is	O
establishing	O
to	O
cover	O
expected	O
pollution	O
cleanup	O
costs	O
at	O
an	O
Ohio	B-GPE
plant	O
reduced	O
its	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
net	O
income	O
by	O
$	B-MONEY
1.9	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Detrex	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
has	O
annual	B-DATE
sales	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
declined	O
to	O
say	O
if	O
it	O
would	O
post	O
a	O
loss	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Southfield	B-GPE
,	O
Mich.	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
company	O
earned	O
$	O
774,000	B-MONEY
in	O
the	B-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Detrex	B-ORG
is	O
setting	O
aside	O
$	B-MONEY
3.1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
cleanup	O
,	O
but	O
said	O
the	O
reserve	O
reduced	O
its	O
quarterly	B-DATE
income	O
by	O
only	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.9	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
because	O
of	O
tax	O
considerations	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
manufacturer	O
said	O
it	O
signed	O
a	O
consent	O
decree	O
with	O
Ohio	B-GPE
to	O
build	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
1.4	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
pollution	O
-	O
control	O
facility	O
at	O
the	O
Ashtabula	B-GPE
chemical	O
manufacturing	O
plant	O
by	O
Aug.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
.	O


Detrex	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
17	I-CARDINAL
companies	O
notified	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Environmental	I-ORG
Protection	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
that	O
they	O
may	O
be	O
potentially	O
responsible	O
for	O
cleaning	O
up	O
the	O
Fields	B-LOC
Brook	I-LOC
watershed	O
near	O
Detrex	B-ORG
's	O
Ashtabula	B-GPE
plant	O
at	O
a	O
total	O
cost	O
the	O
EPA	B-ORG
estimates	O
at	O
$	B-MONEY
48	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
--	O
a	O
figure	O
Detrex	B-ORG
said	O
the	O
companies	O
dispute	O
.	O


First	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
about	B-PERCENT
96	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
rights	O
to	O
purchase	O
its	O
depositary	O
shares	O
and	O
warrants	O
have	O
been	O
exercised	O
.	O


Of	O
the	O
17.6	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
rights	O
units	O
issued	O
,	O
just	B-CARDINAL
under	I-CARDINAL
17	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
were	O
exercised	O
before	O
the	O
Oct.	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
expiration	O
of	O
the	O
offering	O
,	O
the	O
insurance	O
holding	O
company	O
said	O
.	O


Remaining	O
units	O
will	O
be	O
sold	O
to	O
the	O
underwriters	O
,	O
Drexel	B-ORG
Burnham	I-ORG
Lambert	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
Kidder	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Peabody	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
will	O
also	O
purchase	O
an	O
over	O
-	O
allotment	O
of	O
2.3	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
additional	O
units	O
.	O


First	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
said	O
the	O
offering	O
will	O
raise	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
299	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
--	O
minus	O
underwriting	O
fees	O
and	O
other	O
expenses	O
--	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
plans	O
to	O
use	O
to	O
write	O
new	O
life	O
insurance	O
and	O
annuity	O
business	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
analysts	O
have	O
viewed	O
the	O
rights	O
offering	O
as	O
a	O
takeover	O
defense	O
that	O
prospectively	O
balloons	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
shares	O
outstanding	O
.	O


Each	O
of	O
the	O
units	O
consists	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
warrants	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
purchase	O
a	O
half	B-CARDINAL
-	O
share	O
of	O
common	O
stock	O
,	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
depositary	O
preference	O
share	O
.	O


Depositary	O
shares	O
are	O
convertible	O
into	O
common	O
stock	O
on	O
a	O
1	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
1	B-CARDINAL
basis	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
has	O
about	B-CARDINAL
88.1	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
common	O
shares	O
outstanding	O
.	O


In	O
over	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
counter	O
trading	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
stock	O
closed	O
at	O
$	O
10.625	B-MONEY
,	O
off	O
37.5	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
.	O


The	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
has	O
revised	O
certain	O
internal	O
guidelines	O
and	O
clarified	O
others	O
in	O
a	O
move	O
that	O
could	O
restrict	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
criminal	O
racketeering	O
charges	O
against	O
white	O
-	O
collar	O
defendants	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
significant	O
changes	O
in	O
department	O
policy	O
are	O
new	O
requirements	O
that	O
federal	O
prosecutors	O
avoid	O
disrupting	O
``	O
the	O
normal	O
business	O
functions	O
''	O
of	O
companies	O
charged	O
under	O
the	O
racketeering	O
law	O
,	O
a	O
senior	O
department	O
official	O
said	O
.	O


Another	O
important	O
revision	O
of	O
department	O
policy	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
guideline	O
warning	O
prosecutors	O
``	O
not	O
to	O
take	O
steps	O
that	O
would	O
harm	O
innocent	O
third	B-ORDINAL
parties	O
''	O
in	O
a	O
case	O
brought	O
under	O
the	O
racketeering	O
law	O
,	O
the	O
official	O
,	O
David	B-PERSON
Runkel	I-PERSON
,	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
department	O
distributed	O
the	O
revisions	O
and	O
clarifications	O
to	O
U.S.	B-GPE
attorneys	O
around	O
the	O
country	O
this	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
routine	O
process	O
of	O
updating	O
prosecutorial	O
guidelines	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Runkel	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


The	O
changes	O
apply	O
to	O
prosecutions	O
brought	O
under	O
the	O
Racketeer	B-LAW
Influenced	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
Corrupt	I-LAW
Organizations	I-LAW
law	O
.	O


Under	O
that	O
law	O
,	O
defendants	O
who	O
allegedly	O
commit	O
a	O
pattern	O
of	O
crimes	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
a	O
``	O
criminal	O
enterprise	O
''	O
may	O
be	O
charged	O
with	O
racketeering	O
and	O
forced	O
to	O
forfeit	O
the	O
proceeds	O
of	O
the	O
enterprise	O
.	O


The	O
RICO	B-LAW
law	O
has	O
come	O
under	O
criticism	O
from	O
some	O
defendants	O
and	O
defense	O
lawyers	O
.	O


They	O
argue	O
that	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
RICO	B-LAW
defendants	O
and	O
third	B-ORDINAL
parties	O
not	O
named	O
in	O
RICO	B-LAW
indictments	O
have	O
been	O
unfairly	O
damaged	O
.	O


The	O
department	O
's	O
most	O
significant	O
clarification	O
of	O
existing	O
RICO	B-LAW
policy	O
is	O
a	O
directive	O
to	O
prosecutors	O
that	O
they	O
should	O
seek	O
to	O
seize	O
assets	O
from	O
defendants	O
``	O
in	O
proportion	O
''	O
to	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
alleged	O
offense	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Runkel	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


``	O
That	O
means	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
offense	O
deals	O
with	O
one	B-CARDINAL
part	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
,	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
attempt	O
to	O
seize	O
the	O
whole	O
business	O
;	O
you	O
attempt	O
to	O
seize	O
assets	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
crime	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
explained	O
.	O


In	O
general	O
,	O
the	O
thrust	O
of	O
the	O
department	O
's	O
directive	O
is	O
to	O
encourage	O
prosecutors	O
to	O
limit	O
pretrial	O
asset	O
seizures	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
less	O
intrusive	O
means	O
of	O
protecting	O
assets	O
the	O
government	O
may	O
subsequently	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
seize	O
after	O
a	O
conviction	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Runkel	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
snubbing	O
rarely	O
seen	O
within	O
the	O
Congress	B-ORG
,	O
let	O
alone	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
party	O
.	O


Sen.	O
Alan	B-PERSON
Cranston	I-PERSON
trekked	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
side	O
of	O
Capitol	B-ORG
Hill	I-ORG
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
and	O
volunteered	O
his	O
testimony	O
to	O
fellow	O
Democrat	B-NORP
Rep.	O
Henry	B-PERSON
Gonzalez	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
was	O
offered	O
as	O
an	O
expression	O
of	O
cooperation	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
investigating	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
2.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
failure	O
of	O
Lincoln	B-ORG
Savings	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Loan	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
instead	O
of	O
thanks	O
,	O
Sen.	O
Cranston	B-PERSON
was	O
treated	O
with	O
cool	O
formality	O
.	O


``	O
Every	O
witness	O
receives	O
a	O
formal	O
subpoena	O
,	O
''	O
Rep.	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
told	O
him	O
.	O


Seldom	O
have	O
House	B-ORG
hearings	O
caused	O
so	O
much	O
apprehension	O
in	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
,	O
where	O
California	B-GPE
Sen.	O
Cranston	B-PERSON
and	O
four	B-CARDINAL
other	O
senators	O
were	O
already	O
writhing	O
in	O
the	O
glare	O
of	O
unfavorable	O
publicity	O
over	O
the	O
alleged	O
looting	O
of	O
Lincoln	B-ORG
by	O
their	O
friend	O
and	O
political	O
benefactor	O
,	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Keating	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
principal	O
stockholder	O
of	O
Lincoln	B-ORG
's	O
parent	O
company	O
,	O
American	B-ORG
Continental	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	O
Phoenix	B-GPE
,	O
Ariz	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
the	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
Banking	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
hearings	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
William	B-PERSON
Seidman	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Resolution	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
federal	O
agency	O
created	O
to	O
sell	O
sick	O
thrifts	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
agency	O
is	O
investigating	O
whether	O
Lincoln	B-ORG
made	O
illegal	O
political	O
contributions	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Keating	B-PERSON
arranged	O
nearly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
donations	O
to	O
Sen.	O
Cranston	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
various	O
political	O
causes	O
,	O
and	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
more	O
to	O
other	O
lawmakers	O
.	O


Future	O
witnesses	O
include	O
a	O
former	O
federal	O
S&L	O
regulator	O
who	O
has	O
accused	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
senators	O
of	O
attempting	O
to	O
``	O
subvert	O
''	O
the	O
regulatory	O
process	O
by	O
intervening	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Keating	B-PERSON
.	O


Unlike	O
many	O
lawmakers	O
,	O
Chairman	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
considers	O
intervening	O
with	O
regulators	O
to	O
be	O
improper	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
you	O
reach	O
a	O
point	O
where	O
a	O
policy	O
-	O
making	O
body	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
shape	O
administrative	O
decisions	O
,	O
then	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
no	O
-	O
no	O
in	O
my	O
book	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
Texas	B-GPE
lawmaker	O
says	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
has	O
attached	O
himself	O
to	O
the	O
Lincoln	B-ORG
story	O
tenaciously	O
.	O


``	O
Unless	O
the	O
questions	O
are	O
answered	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
keep	O
on	O
going	O
.	O
''	O


Lawmakers	O
often	O
are	O
reluctant	O
to	O
embarrass	O
colleagues	O
,	O
even	O
those	O
of	O
opposing	O
political	O
parties	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
recent	O
Housing	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Urban	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
scandal	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Rep.	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
Lantos	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
California	B-GPE
Democrat	B-NORP
who	O
led	O
the	O
hearings	O
,	O
tiptoed	O
through	O
embarrassing	O
disclosures	O
about	O
HUD	B-ORG
grants	O
secured	O
by	O
Sen.	O
Alfonse	B-PERSON
D'Amato	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
Republican	B-NORP
.	O


But	O
Chairman	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
genuine	O
maverick	O
.	O


He	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
political	O
line	O
as	O
Wright	B-PERSON
Patman	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
bank	O
-	O
baiting	O
Texas	B-GPE
populist	O
who	O
chaired	O
the	B-ORG
Banking	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
until	O
1974	B-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
is	O
also	O
a	O
stickler	O
for	O
ethical	O
standards	O
who	O
refuses	O
to	O
accept	O
honorariums	O
and	O
who	O
believes	O
in	O
conducting	O
official	O
business	O
in	O
the	O
open	O
.	O


Early	O
in	O
his	O
political	O
career	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
city	O
councilman	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Antonio	I-GPE
,	O
he	O
walked	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
meeting	O
when	O
political	O
supporters	O
asked	O
that	O
the	O
police	O
chief	O
be	O
replaced	O
,	O
denouncing	O
the	O
closed	O
-	O
door	O
affair	O
publicly	O
as	O
a	O
``	O
bat	O
-	O
roost	O
meeting	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
immediate	O
target	O
of	O
Rep.	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
's	O
inquiry	O
is	O
Danny	B-PERSON
Wall	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Thrift	I-ORG
Supervision	I-ORG
.	O


As	O
the	O
principal	O
regulator	O
of	O
the	O
thrift	O
industry	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Wall	B-PERSON
delayed	O
seizing	O
Lincoln	B-ORG
S&L	I-ORG
for	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
his	O
staff	O
told	O
him	O
that	O
the	O
California	B-GPE
thrift	O
was	O
insolvent	O
and	O
that	O
potential	O
losses	O
to	O
taxpayers	O
were	O
growing	O
rapidly	O
.	O


Rep.	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
seems	O
primed	O
to	O
lash	O
out	O
at	O
Mr.	O
Wall	B-PERSON
when	O
hearings	O
resume	O
Thursday	B-DATE
with	O
testimony	O
by	O
two	B-CARDINAL
federal	O
regulators	O
from	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
,	O
William	B-PERSON
Black	I-PERSON
and	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Patriarca	I-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Wall	B-PERSON
relieved	O
them	O
of	O
responsibility	O
for	O
supervising	O
Lincoln	B-ORG
in	O
1988	B-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
expressed	O
concern	O
over	O
a	O
report	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
had	O
been	O
summoned	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
by	O
Mr.	O
Wall	B-PERSON
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
to	O
discuss	O
their	O
testimony	O
in	O
advance	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
improperly	O
influence	O
a	O
witness	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
God	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
tolerate	O
it	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Wall	B-PERSON
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
proclaimed	O
``	O
child	O
of	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
''	O
and	O
former	O
staff	O
director	O
of	O
its	O
Banking	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
.	O


An	O
inquiry	O
into	O
his	O
handling	O
of	O
Lincoln	B-ORG
S&L	I-ORG
inevitably	O
will	O
drag	O
in	O
Sen.	O
Cranston	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
others	O
,	O
Sens.	B-PERSON
Dennis	I-PERSON
DeConcini	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Ariz.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
John	B-PERSON
McCain	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
R.	B-NORP
,	O
Ariz.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
John	B-PERSON
Glenn	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Ohio	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
and	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Riegle	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Mich	O
.	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
attended	O
a	O
meeting	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
1987	I-DATE
questioning	O
why	O
a	O
federal	O
audit	O
of	O
Lincoln	B-ORG
S&L	I-ORG
had	O
dragged	O
on	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
I	O
'm	O
certain	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
hearings	O
the	O
names	O
-LCB-	O
of	O
the	O
senators	O
-RCB-	O
will	O
be	O
brought	O
out	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
raising	O
eyebrows	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
I	O
first	B-ORDINAL
got	O
a	O
glimpse	O
at	O
the	O
witness	O
list	O
,	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
believe	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
ahead	O
and	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Waldman	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
Congress	B-ORG
Watch	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
consumer	O
group	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
are	O
some	O
witnesses	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
forced	O
to	O
testify	O
about	O
their	O
meetings	O
with	O
senators	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
a	O
Democratic	B-NORP
aide	O
to	O
a	O
Banking	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
member	O
remarks	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
too	O
am	O
astounded	O
by	O
it	O
,	O
because	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
has	O
certainly	O
placed	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
Democratic	B-NORP
senators	O
in	O
a	O
very	O
bad	O
position	O
.	O
''	O


All	O
the	O
senators	O
say	O
they	O
merely	O
were	O
trying	O
to	O
ensure	O
fairness	O
for	O
a	O
constituent	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Keating	B-PERSON
lives	O
in	O
Phoenix	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
California	B-GPE
thrift	O
's	O
parent	O
is	O
an	O
Ohio	B-GPE
-	O
chartered	O
corporation	O
with	O
holdings	O
in	O
Michigan	B-GPE
.	O


Chairman	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
expresses	O
sympathy	O
for	O
Sen.	O
Riegle	B-PERSON
,	O
his	O
counterpart	O
as	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Banking	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
He	O
's	O
wise	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
good	O
and	O
I	O
know	O
he	O
's	O
an	O
honest	O
man	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
Texan	B-NORP
says	O
.	O


But	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
has	O
n't	O
forgotten	O
a	O
confrontation	O
over	O
Mr.	O
Wall	B-PERSON
during	O
House	B-ORG
-	O
Senate	O
negotiations	O
over	O
S&L	O
bailout	O
legislation	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Senate	B-ORG
negotiators	O
included	O
Sens.	O
Cranston	B-PERSON
and	O
Riegle	B-PERSON
and	O
Mr.	O
Wall	B-PERSON
's	O
principal	O
sponsor	O
,	O
Republican	B-NORP
Sen.	O
Jake	B-PERSON
Garn	I-PERSON
of	O
Utah	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
were	O
willing	O
to	O
trade	O
important	O
provisions	O
in	O
the	O
bailout	O
legislation	O
to	O
preserve	O
Mr.	O
Wall	B-PERSON
's	O
job	O
and	O
to	O
avoid	O
a	O
reconfirmation	O
hearing	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
called	O
upon	O
to	O
testify	O
about	O
Lincoln	B-ORG
S&L	I-ORG
.	O


Most	O
importantly	O
,	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
traded	O
away	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
's	O
controversial	O
plan	O
to	O
finance	O
the	O
bailout	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
partly	O
reinstated	O
later	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
said	O
several	O
senators	O
told	O
him	O
that	O
they	O
``	O
could	O
get	O
some	O
roadblocks	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
way	O
if	O
there	O
could	O
be	O
some	O
understanding	O
on	O
Garn	B-PERSON
's	O
insistence	O
on	O
Wall	B-PERSON
.	O
''	O


Now	O
Mr.	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
is	O
holding	O
the	O
equivalent	O
of	O
reconfirmation	O
hearings	O
anyway	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
guise	O
of	O
the	O
Lincoln	B-ORG
investigation	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
a	O
way	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
this	O
is	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
concedes	O
.	O


Even	O
some	O
House	B-ORG
Banking	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
members	O
could	O
suffer	O
from	O
the	O
fallout	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Keating	B-PERSON
raised	O
$	O
20,000	B-MONEY
for	O
Rep.	O
Doug	B-PERSON
Barnard	I-PERSON
's	O
1986	B-DATE
re-election	O
campaign	O
while	O
the	O
Georgia	B-GPE
Democrat	B-NORP
was	O
taking	O
his	O
side	O
against	O
regulators	O
who	O
wanted	O
to	O
curb	O
risky	O
investments	O
and	O
wholesale	O
deposit	O
brokering	O
.	O


He	O
recently	O
voted	O
``	O
present	O
''	O
when	O
the	O
committee	O
authorized	O
a	O
subpoena	O
to	O
compel	O
Mr.	O
Keating	B-PERSON
to	O
testify	O
,	O
then	O
changed	O
his	O
vote	O
to	O
yes	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
chairman	O
's	O
supporters	O
have	O
the	O
upper	O
hand	O
as	O
federal	O
regulators	O
press	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
1.1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
fraud	O
suit	O
against	O
Mr.	O
Keating	B-PERSON
and	O
others	O
.	O


Rep.	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Leach	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
R.	B-NORP
,	O
Iowa	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
says	O
the	O
Lincoln	B-ORG
S&L	I-ORG
affair	O
is	O
``	O
the	O
biggest	O
bank	O
heist	O
in	O
history	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
adds	O
:	O
``	O
The	O
great	O
question	O
that	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
resolved	O
is	O
whether	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
congressional	O
Watergate	B-EVENT
in	O
the	O
making	O
.	O
''	O


A	O
witness	O
set	O
to	O
testify	O
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
was	O
quoted	O
in	O
a	O
news	O
report	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
as	O
saying	O
Lincoln	B-ORG
``	O
laundered	O
''	O
campaign	O
contributions	O
illegally	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
witness	O
,	O
William	B-PERSON
Crawford	I-PERSON
,	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
chief	O
state	O
thrift	O
regulator	O
,	O
denies	O
saying	O
that	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
whether	O
it	O
was	O
done	O
properly	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
a	O
lawyer	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
in	O
a	O
telephone	O
interview	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
he	O
said	O
he	O
is	O
prepared	O
to	O
testify	O
that	O
executives	O
of	O
Lincoln	B-ORG
and	O
its	O
parent	O
corporation	O
got	O
unusually	O
high	O
salaries	O
and	O
frequent	O
calls	O
directing	O
them	O
to	O
make	O
specific	O
contributions	O
.	O


The	O
committee	O
also	O
has	O
summoned	O
Mr.	O
Wall	B-PERSON
's	O
predecessor	O
,	O
Edwin	B-PERSON
Gray	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
has	O
characterized	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
senators	O
'	O
roles	O
as	O
``	O
tantamount	O
to	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
subvert	O
the	O
...	O
regulatory	O
process	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
n't	O
expected	O
to	O
back	O
down	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
senators	O
have	O
disputed	O
his	O
account	O
of	O
a	O
1987	B-DATE
meeting	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
senators	O
must	O
brace	O
themselves	O
.	O


Sen.	O
Cranston	B-PERSON
,	O
as	O
he	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
capital	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
from	O
a	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
trip	O
to	O
inspect	O
earthquake	O
damage	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
,	O
sighed	O
to	O
an	O
aide	O
:	O
``	O
Well	O
,	O
back	O
to	O
Keatingland	B-GPE
.	O


When	O
Anne	B-PERSON
Volokh	I-PERSON
and	O
her	O
family	O
immigrated	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
14	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
they	O
started	O
life	O
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
with	O
only	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
.	O


They	O
'd	O
actually	O
left	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
with	O
$	O
480	B-MONEY
,	O
but	O
during	O
a	O
stop	O
in	O
Italy	B-GPE
Ms.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
dropped	O
$	O
80	B-MONEY
on	O
a	O
black	O
velvet	O
suit	O
.	O


Not	O
surprisingly	O
,	O
she	O
quickly	O
adapted	O
to	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
way	O
.	O


Three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
after	O
she	O
arrived	O
in	O
L.A.	B-GPE
she	O
spent	O
$	O
120	B-MONEY
she	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
for	O
a	O
hat	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
``	O
A	O
turban	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
specifies	O
,	O
``	O
though	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
that	O
14	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
I	O
loved	O
turbans	O
.	O
''	O
-RRB-	O


Since	O
then	O
she	O
has	O
become	O
wealthy	O
.	O


Her	O
husband	O
and	O
older	O
son	O
--	O
a	O
computer	O
prodigy	O
profiled	O
in	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
in	O
1981	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
13	B-CARDINAL
--	O
run	O
a	O
software	O
company	O
with	O
expected	O
sales	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Most	O
recently	O
,	O
she	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
publisher	O
of	O
Movieline	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
magazine	O
that	O
began	O
national	O
distribution	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
an	O
initial	O
press	O
run	O
of	O
100,000	B-CARDINAL
copies	O
.	O


Distributed	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Hearst	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Eastern	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
glossy	O
publication	O
melds	O
Vanity	B-ORG
Fair	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
gossipy	O
archness	O
and	O
Premiere	B-ORG
's	O
earnest	O
delving	O
into	O
behind	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
scenes	O
minutiae	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
special	O
emphasis	O
on	O
Tinseltown	B-GPE
as	O
fashion	O
trendsetter	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
being	O
sold	O
through	O
bookstores	O
,	O
newsstands	O
and	O
some	O
video	O
stores	O
.	O


Though	O
Ms.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
small	O
woman	O
,	O
she	O
has	O
an	O
outsized	O
personality	O
and	O
dramatic	O
flair	O
that	O
seem	O
perfectly	O
suited	O
to	O
capitalism	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
practiced	O
in	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
.	O


Certainly	O
life	O
for	O
her	O
has	O
changed	O
considerably	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	O
Kiev	B-GPE
,	O
when	O
she	O
lived	O
with	O
her	O
parents	O
,	O
her	O
husband	O
and	O
her	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sons	O
in	O
a	O
2	B-CARDINAL
1/2	I-CARDINAL
-	O
room	O
apartment	O
in	O
what	O
she	O
calls	O
``	O
silent	O
internal	O
immigration	O
,	O
''	O
dreaming	O
of	O
escape	O
.	O


Now	B-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
she	O
owns	O
48	B-CARDINAL
hats	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
she	O
remembers	O
the	B-DATE
lean	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
recalls	O
with	O
relish	O
wearing	O
her	O
first	O
major	O
American	B-NORP
purchase	O
--	O
that	O
turban	O
10	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
and	O
having	O
a	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
boutique	O
owner	O
ask	O
her	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
Chanel	B-ORG
.	O


With	O
obvious	O
satisfaction	O
,	O
she	O
says	O
she	O
told	O
him	O
:	O
``	O
No	O
darling	O
,	O
I	O
just	O
give	O
it	O
a	O
Chanel	B-ORG
look	O
.	O
''	O


She	O
keeps	O
track	O
of	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
her	O
hats	O
by	O
stapling	O
Polaroid	B-ORG
snapshots	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
of	O
each	O
hatbox	O
.	O


Are	O
the	O
hats	O
merely	O
part	O
of	O
her	O
new	O
L.A.	B-GPE
persona	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
many	O
ultra-thin	O
Capri	B-ORG
cigarettes	O
she	O
smokes	O
,	O
the	O
parties	O
she	O
throws	O
for	O
500	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
the	O
Chekovian	O
feasts	O
she	O
offers	O
guests	O
at	O
her	O
weekend	B-DATE
place	O
in	O
Santa	B-GPE
Barbara	I-GPE
?	O


``	O
No	O
,	O
darling	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
said	O
recently	O
in	O
her	O
fluent	O
,	O
slightly	O
affected	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
during	O
a	O
trip	O
East	O
to	O
promote	O
Movieline	B-ORG
's	O
national	O
expansion	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
born	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
used	O
to	O
wear	O
hats	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
and	O
my	O
dresses	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
hat	O
side	O
I	O
was	O
n't	O
getting	O
what	O
I	O
wanted	O
.	O
''	O


Now	O
48	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
Ms.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
has	O
definite	O
ideas	O
about	O
what	O
she	O
wants	O
.	O


At	O
Movieline	B-ORG
,	O
she	O
wants	O
``	O
specific	O
paragraphing	O
,	O
specific	O
tone	O
,	O
a	O
specific	O
attitude	O
--	O
bright	O
and	O
bold	O
and	O
tongue	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
cheek	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
restaurants	O
-LRB-	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Russian	I-ORG
Samovar	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
restaurant	O
operated	O
by	O
and	O
for	O
Soviet	B-NORP
emigres	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
the	O
chirpy	O
,	O
folkish	O
music	O
bouncing	O
through	O
the	O
room	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
people	O
here	O
think	O
this	O
is	O
Russian	B-NORP
music	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
said	O
with	O
disdain	O
,	O
and	O
called	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
waitress	O
:	O
``	O
Could	O
you	O
turn	O
it	O
off	O
?	O
''	O


That	O
done	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
spoke	O
with	O
rampant	O
eloquence	O
about	O
the	O
many	O
attributes	O
she	O
feels	O
she	O
was	O
born	O
with	O
:	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
food	O
,	O
business	O
,	O
Russian	B-NORP
culture	O
,	O
human	O
nature	O
,	O
and	O
parties	O
.	O


``	O
Parties	O
are	O
rather	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
mind	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
said	O
,	O
pausing	O
only	O
to	O
taste	O
and	O
pass	O
judgment	O
on	O
the	O
Georgian	B-NORP
shashlik	O
-LRB-	O
``	O
a	O
little	O
well	O
done	O
,	O
but	O
very	O
good	O
''	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
you	O
are	O
born	O
to	O
give	O
parties	O
,	O
you	O
give	O
parties	O
.	O


Even	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
we	O
managed	O
to	O
give	O
parties	O
.	O


In	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
,	O
in	O
our	B-DATE
lean	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
we	O
gave	O
parties	O
.	O
''	O


As	O
publisher	O
of	O
a	O
magazine	O
devoted	O
to	O
movies	O
as	O
guideposts	O
for	O
fashion	O
and	O
other	O
fantasies	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
sees	O
her	O
party	O
-	O
giving	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
part	O
of	O
business	O
.	O


She	O
has	O
thrown	O
extravagant	O
soirees	O
for	O
crowds	O
of	O
people	O
,	O
but	O
prefers	O
more	O
intimate	O
gatherings	O
.	O


``	O
At	O
American	B-NORP
cocktail	O
parties	O
everyone	O
's	O
always	O
looking	O
over	O
your	O
shoulder	O
to	O
see	O
who	O
they	O
can	O
talk	O
to	O
next	O
.	O


I	O
like	O
rather	O
tea	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
at	O
the	B-TIME
end	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
day	I-TIME
.	O
''	O


She	O
serves	O
high	O
Russian	B-NORP
tea	O
,	O
at	O
5	B-TIME
p.m	I-TIME
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
later	O
but	O
I	O
just	O
moved	O
it	O
.	O


In	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
,	O
it	O
's	O
important	O
to	O
catch	O
people	O
just	O
after	O
work	O
.	O
''	O


She	O
also	O
frequently	O
invites	O
directors	O
,	O
producers	O
,	O
actors	O
,	O
writers	O
and	O
other	O
show	O
business	O
people	O
for	O
``	O
coffee	O
and	O
clips	O
in	O
the	O
pleasure	O
dome	O
.	O
''	O


Guests	O
bring	O
movies	O
on	O
tape	O
,	O
and	O
show	O
their	O
favorite	O
three	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
to	I-TIME
-	I-TIME
five	I-TIME
minute	I-TIME
segments	O
on	O
the	O
screen	O
that	O
unrolls	O
from	O
the	O
ceiling	O
of	O
the	O
Volokhs	B-PERSON
'	O
art	O
-	O
nouveau	O
library	O
-LRB-	O
``	O
the	O
pleasure	O
dome	O
''	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


They	O
eat	O
``	O
sinful	O
and	O
sensual	O
things	O
''	O
--	O
and	O
explain	O
their	O
clips	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
very	O
revealing	O
and	O
soul	O
baring	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Ms.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
idea	O
for	O
Movieline	B-ORG
actually	O
was	O
dreamed	O
up	O
by	O
an	O
old	O
friend	O
of	O
the	O
Volokhs	B-PERSON
,	O
Boris	B-PERSON
Krutchensky	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
who	O
has	O
the	O
title	O
of	O
co-publisher	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
Laurie	B-PERSON
Halpern	I-PERSON
Smith	I-PERSON
,	O
now	O
the	O
magazine	O
's	O
co-editor	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Krutchensky	B-PERSON
approached	O
Ms.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
about	O
backing	O
the	O
publication	O
,	O
which	O
started	O
out	O
as	O
a	O
listing	O
guide	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
interested	O
only	O
if	O
she	O
could	O
guide	O
it	O
editorially	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


``	O
Anne	B-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
believe	O
in	O
blandness	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Ms.	O
Smith	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
She	O
wants	O
things	O
to	O
be	O
exciting	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
has	O
this	O
inexhaustible	O
energy	O
.	O


She	O
'll	O
think	O
of	O
an	O
idea	O
the	O
editorial	O
people	O
think	O
is	O
impossible	O
,	O
then	O
she	O
'll	O
have	O
us	O
make	O
it	O
work	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
was	O
n't	O
just	O
a	O
rich	O
lady	O
who	O
needed	O
a	O
hobby	O
.	O


Back	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
she	O
was	O
a	O
respected	O
journalist	O
,	O
writing	O
a	O
weekly	B-DATE
column	O
about	O
the	O
national	O
cuisine	O
for	O
Sunday	B-ORG
Izvestia	I-ORG
.	O


Those	O
columns	O
--	O
vivid	O
discussions	O
of	O
the	O
cultural	O
and	O
literary	O
reverberations	O
of	O
food	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
practical	O
advice	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
glamorize	O
dreary	O
Sovietized	B-NORP
meals	O
--	O
became	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
her	O
erudite	O
and	O
entertaining	O
cookbook	O
,	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Art	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Russian	I-WORK_OF_ART
Cuisine	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
brought	O
out	O
in	O
1983	B-DATE
by	O
Macmillan	B-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
trust	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
eat	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Ms.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
,	O
though	O
she	O
herself	O
stopped	O
eating	O
lunch	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
to	O
drop	O
25	B-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
.	O


``	O
Look	O
at	O
Dostoevski	B-PERSON
and	O
Kafka	B-PERSON
.	O


No	O
one	O
ever	O
eats	O
in	O
their	O
books	O
and	O
look	O
at	O
them	O
...	O
.	O


Tolstoy	B-PERSON
's	O
characters	O
eat	O
,	O
Pushkin	B-PERSON
's	O
,	O
Gogol	B-PERSON
's	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
her	O
cookbook	O
,	O
which	O
Macmillan	B-ORG
is	O
bringing	O
out	O
in	O
soft	O
cover	O
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
-LRB-	O
with	O
the	O
blini	O
recipe	O
revised	O
so	O
it	O
works	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
she	O
introduces	O
each	O
chapter	O
with	O
appropriate	O
quotations	O
from	O
Russian	B-NORP
literature	O
:	O
Pushkin	B-PERSON
on	O
blini	O
,	O
Goncharov	B-PERSON
on	O
piroghi	O
.	O


In	O
life	O
,	O
she	O
offers	O
practical	O
dieting	O
advice	O
:	O
``	O
Divide	O
your	O
meals	O
into	O
important	O
and	O
unimportant	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
great	O
restaurant	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
deprive	O
yourself	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
meals	O
do	O
n't	O
matter	O
.	O
''	O


Amusing	O
as	O
she	O
is	O
,	O
and	O
frivolous	O
as	O
she	O
can	O
seem	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
serious	O
person	O
with	O
some	O
difficult	O
memories	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
the	O
child	O
of	O
relative	O
privilege	O
.	O


Her	O
mother	O
was	O
a	O
translator	O
;	O
her	O
father	O
was	O
``	O
the	O
eternal	O
vice	O
director	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
I	O
emigrated	O
to	O
wear	O
better	O
hats	O
,	O
do	O
better	O
parties	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
said	O
with	O
a	O
giggle	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
we	O
should	O
n't	O
leave	O
out	O
political	O
reasons	O
,	O
number	O
one	O
.	O


You	O
try	O
to	O
maintain	O
your	O
dignity	O
under	O
difficult	O
circumstances	O
.	O


One	O
can	O
not	O
imagine	O
how	O
you	O
live	O
when	O
you	O
live	O
those	O
double	O
and	O
triple	O
lives	O
.	O
''	O


By	O
1973	B-DATE
,	O
after	O
their	O
second	B-ORDINAL
child	O
was	O
born	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
become	O
clear	O
to	O
Ms.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
and	O
her	O
husband	O
Vladimir	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
computer	O
scientist	O
,	O
that	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
U.S.S.R	B-GPE
.	O


Ms.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
quit	O
her	O
job	O
,	O
to	O
remove	O
herself	O
from	O
the	O
public	O
eye	O
.	O


The	O
wait	O
was	O
miserable	O
.	O


Before	O
granting	O
Ms.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
's	O
parents	O
a	O
visa	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
required	O
her	O
mother	O
to	O
obtain	O
permission	O
from	O
her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
husband	O
,	O
whom	O
she	O
had	O
divorced	O
38	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
was	O
fired	O
from	O
his	O
job	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
to	O
endure	O
hours	B-TIME
of	O
organized	O
verbal	O
abuse	O
from	O
his	O
co-workers	O
,	O
accusations	O
of	O
sabotage	O
and	O
counterrevolutionary	O
activities	O
.	O


The	O
Volokhs	B-PERSON
were	O
afraid	O
that	O
they	O
'd	O
end	O
up	O
like	O
a	O
friend	O
of	O
theirs	O
who	O
'd	O
applied	O
for	O
a	O
visa	O
and	O
waited	O
for	O
10	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
having	O
been	O
demoted	O
from	O
his	O
profession	O
of	O
theoretical	O
mathematician	O
to	O
shipping	O
clerk	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
n't	O
.	O


Their	O
visa	O
came	O
in	O
relatively	O
short	O
order	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
moved	O
to	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
soon	O
found	O
work	O
in	O
his	O
field	O
,	O
but	O
Ms.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
refused	O
the	O
obvious	O
and	O
available	O
occupation	O
-	O
as	O
translator	O
for	O
a	O
Russian	B-NORP
who	O
spoke	O
fluent	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


``	O
That	O
's	O
always	O
looking	O
back	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
business	O
.	O
''	O


On	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
that	O
goal	O
,	O
she	O
received	O
her	O
first	O
U.S.	B-GPE
paycheck	O
for	O
proofreading	O
a	O
book	O
of	O
Polish	B-NORP
poetry	O
,	O
attended	O
secretarial	O
school	O
,	O
then	O
went	O
to	O
work	O
for	O
a	O
fund	O
-	O
raising	O
organization	O
.	O


Soon	O
she	O
was	O
running	O
the	O
office	O
.	O


When	O
her	O
husband	O
and	O
son	O
founded	O
their	O
computer	O
company	O
,	O
Vesoft	B-ORG
,	O
she	O
worked	O
as	O
business	O
manager	O
,	O
bookkeeper	O
and	O
publicist	O
.	O


Now	O
Movieline	B-ORG
is	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
building	O
as	O
Vesoft	B-ORG
.	O


``	O
Things	O
work	O
out	O
unexpectedly	O
in	O
life	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Ms.	O
Volokh	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
You	O
never	O
know	O
if	O
you	O
'll	O
be	O
chosen	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
scapegoat	O
or	O
the	O
lucky	O
one	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
lucky	O
.	O


William	B-PERSON
D.	I-PERSON
Forrester	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
U.S.S.R.	O
Trade	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
has	O
a	O
warning	O
for	O
U.S.	B-GPE
companies	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
business	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
an	O
extremely	O
complex	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
prepared	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
big	O
commitment	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Forrester	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
are	O
not	O
trying	O
to	O
encourage	O
everyone	O
.	O
''	O


Undeterred	O
by	O
such	O
words	O
of	O
caution	O
,	O
corporate	O
America	B-GPE
is	O
flocking	O
to	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
lured	O
by	O
a	O
huge	O
untapped	O
market	O
and	O
Mikhail	B-PERSON
Gorbachev	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
attempt	O
to	O
overhaul	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
economy	O
.	O


Doing	O
business	O
with	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
,	O
once	O
the	O
pursuit	O
of	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
hardened	O
veterans	O
,	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
such	O
major	O
companies	O
as	O
General	B-ORG
Motors	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Federal	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
Procter	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Gamble	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
smaller	O
firms	O
.	O


Reflecting	O
the	O
new	O
-	O
found	O
interest	O
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
140	I-CARDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
companies	O
are	O
taking	O
part	O
in	O
a	O
Moscow	B-GPE
exhibition	O
organized	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Forrester	B-PERSON
's	O
trade	O
group	O
.	O


But	O
while	O
U.S.	B-GPE
interest	O
may	O
be	O
big	O
and	O
growing	O
,	O
the	O
difficulties	O
that	O
have	O
stymied	O
deals	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
show	O
no	O
sign	O
of	O
abating	O
.	O


Alongside	O
the	O
old	O
problems	O
of	O
a	O
non-convertible	O
currency	O
and	O
an	O
inpenetrable	O
bureaucracy	O
,	O
Western	O
business	O
executives	O
must	O
now	O
grapple	O
with	O
new	O
complexities	O
linked	O
to	O
perestroika	O
,	O
the	O
restructuring	O
of	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
economy	O
.	O


Executives	O
say	O
Mr.	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
's	O
moves	O
to	O
break	O
up	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
foreign	O
trade	O
monopoly	O
have	O
created	O
uncertainties	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
opportunities	O
.	O


Changing	O
legislation	O
has	O
opened	O
the	O
field	O
to	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
inexperienced	O
Soviet	B-NORP
players	O
,	O
many	O
who	O
promise	O
more	O
than	O
they	O
can	O
deliver	O
.	O


And	O
some	O
foreign	O
firms	O
are	O
finding	O
that	O
even	O
when	O
they	O
manage	O
to	O
overcome	O
such	O
hurdles	O
,	O
their	O
ventures	O
now	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
endorsed	O
by	O
such	O
unpredictable	O
bodies	O
as	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
parliament	O
and	O
the	O
governments	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
republics	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
You	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
out	O
to	O
all	O
your	O
constituents	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
James	B-PERSON
H.	I-PERSON
Giffen	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
spearheading	O
the	O
most	O
ambitious	O
attempt	O
by	O
U.S.	B-GPE
firms	O
to	O
break	O
into	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
market	O
,	O
involving	O
investment	O
of	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
some	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
joint	O
ventures	O
.	O


As	O
part	O
of	O
that	O
attempt	O
,	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Consortium	I-ORG
,	O
Mr.	O
Giffen	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
spends	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
time	O
lobbying	O
.	O


Growing	O
public	O
fears	O
about	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
environment	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
new	O
factor	O
affecting	O
some	O
joint	O
-	O
venture	O
plans	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Soviet	B-NORP
ministries	O
have	O
been	O
talking	O
to	O
international	O
firms	O
,	O
including	O
Occidental	B-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
Combustion	B-ORG
Engineering	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
Montedison	B-ORG
S.p.A.	I-ORG
of	O
Italy	B-GPE
and	O
several	O
Japanese	B-NORP
groups	O
,	O
about	O
jointly	O
building	O
and	O
operating	O
several	O
big	O
petrochemical	O
plants	O
.	O


The	O
plans	O
have	O
come	O
under	O
fire	O
from	O
Soviet	B-NORP
environmentalists	O
,	O
and	O
officials	O
say	O
many	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
scaled	O
back	O
or	O
dropped	O
.	O


Whatever	O
the	O
difficulties	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
remains	O
committed	O
to	O
increasing	O
foreign	O
trade	O
.	O


For	O
political	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
economic	O
reasons	O
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
companies	O
are	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
his	O
priorities	O
--	O
a	O
point	O
he	O
underscored	O
by	O
spending	O
two	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
walking	O
around	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
trade	O
show	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Talking	O
to	O
a	O
small	O
group	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
executives	O
afterwards	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
appeared	O
impatient	O
for	O
a	O
big	O
expansion	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
Soviet	O
trade	O
,	O
which	O
now	O
amounts	O
to	O
a	O
meager	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
annually	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
ranks	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
of	O
countries	O
that	O
have	O
concluded	O
joint	O
ventures	O
,	O
behind	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
,	O
Finland	B-GPE
and	O
Italy	B-GPE
.	O


According	O
to	O
several	O
people	O
present	O
at	O
the	O
meeting	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
also	O
supported	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
concluding	O
several	O
commercial	O
accords	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
possibly	O
at	O
his	O
next	O
summit	O
meeting	O
with	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
.	O


Judging	O
by	O
the	O
crush	O
at	O
the	O
exhibition	O
,	O
deprived	O
Soviet	B-NORP
consumers	O
are	O
more	O
than	O
ready	O
for	O
U.S.	B-GPE
products	O
.	O


Hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
lined	O
up	O
every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
at	O
the	O
Colgate	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Palmolive	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
stand	O
to	O
receive	O
a	O
free	O
tube	O
of	O
toothpaste	O
,	O
a	O
commodity	O
in	O
chronically	O
short	O
supply	O
here	O
.	O


And	O
unruly	O
crowds	O
at	O
RJR	B-ORG
Nabisco	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
booth	O
almost	O
knocked	O
over	O
a	O
glass	O
showcase	O
in	O
the	O
rush	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
free	O
Camel	B-ORG
cigarette	O
sticker	O
.	O


Some	O
U.S.	B-GPE
products	O
are	O
filtering	O
into	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
market	O
under	O
an	O
emergency	O
import	O
program	O
.	O


Both	O
Colgate	B-ORG
and	O
Procter	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Gamble	I-ORG
have	O
received	O
big	O
orders	O
for	O
toothpaste	O
,	O
soap	O
and	O
detergents	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Consortium	I-ORG
says	O
it	O
is	O
planning	O
to	O
ship	O
some	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
consumer	O
goods	O
,	O
financed	O
by	O
bank	O
credits	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
the	O
current	O
Soviet	B-NORP
purchasing	O
spree	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
time	O
affair	O
.	O


The	O
goal	O
of	O
most	O
U.S.	B-GPE
firms	O
--	O
joint	O
ventures	O
--	O
remains	O
elusive	O
.	O


Because	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
ruble	O
is	O
n't	O
convertible	O
into	O
dollars	O
,	O
marks	O
and	O
other	O
Western	O
currencies	O
,	O
companies	O
that	O
hope	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
production	O
facilities	O
here	O
must	O
either	O
export	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
goods	O
to	O
earn	O
hard	O
currency	O
or	O
find	O
Soviet	B-NORP
goods	O
they	O
can	O
take	O
in	O
a	O
counter-trade	O
transaction	O
.	O


International	O
competition	O
for	O
the	O
few	O
Soviet	B-NORP
goods	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
sold	O
on	O
world	O
markets	O
is	O
heating	O
up	O
,	O
however	O
.	O


Shelley	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Zeiger	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
entrepreneur	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
who	O
buys	O
Soviet	B-NORP
porcelain	O
and	O
``	O
matryoshka	O
''	O
nesting	O
dolls	O
for	O
export	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
says	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
companies	O
already	O
have	O
snapped	O
up	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
these	O
items	O
.	O


Seeking	O
to	O
overcome	O
the	O
currency	O
problems	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Giffen	B-PERSON
's	O
American	B-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Consortium	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
comprises	O
Chevron	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
RJR	B-ORG
,	O
Johnson	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Johnson	I-ORG
,	O
Eastman	B-ORG
Kodak	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Archer	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Daniels	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Midland	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
has	O
concocted	O
an	O
elaborate	O
scheme	O
to	O
share	O
out	O
dollar	O
earnings	O
,	O
largely	O
from	O
the	O
revenues	O
of	O
a	O
planned	O
Chevron	B-ORG
oil	O
project	O
.	O


Several	O
medical	O
concerns	O
,	O
including	O
Pfizer	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Colgate	B-ORG
and	O
Abbott	B-ORG
Laboratories	I-ORG
intend	O
to	O
pursue	O
a	O
similar	O
consortium	O
approach	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
invest	O
capital	O
here	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
basis	O
as	O
investing	O
in	O
other	O
countries	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Dennis	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Sokol	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Medical	B-ORG
Service	I-ORG
Partners	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
who	O
is	O
putting	O
the	O
medical	O
consortium	O
together	O
.	O


Some	O
U.S.	B-GPE
entrepreneurs	O
operate	O
on	O
a	O
smaller	O
scale	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
group	O
seeks	O
to	O
publish	O
a	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
Soviet	O
medical	O
journal	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.S.R.	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
.	O


According	O
to	O
Richard	B-PERSON
P.	I-PERSON
Mills	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Boston	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
official	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
partner	O
,	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
copies	O
of	O
the	O
quarterly	O
will	O
be	O
printed	O
in	O
Russian	B-LANGUAGE
from	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
financed	O
by	O
advertisements	O
from	O
U.S.	B-GPE
companies	O
and	O
by	O
simultaneous	O
publication	O
of	O
an	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
language	O
journal	O
containing	O
details	O
of	O
Soviet	B-NORP
medical	O
advancements	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
found	O
a	O
market	O
niche	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Mills	B-PERSON
boasts	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
truly	O
entrepreneurial	O
.	O


General	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
was	O
given	O
an	O
$	B-MONEY
89.6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Navy	B-ORG
contract	O
for	O
nuclear	O
propulsion	O
parts	O
.	O


Westinghouse	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
also	O
won	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
75.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Navy	B-ORG
contract	O
for	O
nuclear	O
propulsion	O
parts	O
.	O


Federal	B-ORG
Data	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
was	O
issued	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
14.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Navy	B-ORG
contract	O
for	O
computer	O
systems	O
.	O


American	B-ORG
Telephone	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Telegraph	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
was	O
awarded	O
an	O
$	B-MONEY
11.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Navy	B-ORG
contract	O
for	O
oceanographic	O
services	O
.	O


Cray	B-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
sold	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
newest	O
and	O
largest	O
computer	O
systems	O
,	O
the	O
Cray	B-ORG
Y	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
MP	I-PRODUCT
/	I-PRODUCT
832	I-PRODUCT
,	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Kingdom	I-ORG
Meteorological	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
system	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
be	O
sold	O
through	O
the	O
joint	O
marketing	O
agreement	O
between	O
Cray	B-ORG
and	O
Control	B-ORG
Data	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
supercomputer	O
,	O
which	O
lists	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
18.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
will	O
be	O
installed	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
meteorological	O
office	O
's	O
headquarters	O
in	O
Bracknell	B-GPE
,	O
England	B-GPE
.	O


Chip	O
's	O
Memory	O
Is	O
Here	O
Today	B-DATE
,	O
Here	O
Tomorrow	B-DATE


TWO	B-CARDINAL
COMPANIES	O
plan	O
to	O
market	O
a	O
new	O
chip	O
with	O
ceramic	O
circuits	O
that	O
store	O
data	O
even	O
when	O
the	O
power	O
is	O
off	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
's	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
data	O
-	O
storing	O
chips	O
have	O
``	O
volatile	O
''	O
memories	O
--	O
their	O
data	O
disappear	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
n't	O
fed	O
a	O
steady	O
diet	O
of	O
electricity	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
need	O
external	O
power	O
supplies	O
.	O


National	B-ORG
Semiconductor	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
a	O
start	O
-	O
up	O
named	O
Ramtron	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
plan	O
to	O
start	O
shipping	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
ferroelectric	O
memories	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
remember	O
data	O
for	O
at	B-DATE
least	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
without	O
any	O
current	O
flowing	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
chips	O
use	O
materials	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
lead	O
zirconate	O
titanate	O
,	O
to	O
form	O
microscopic	O
switches	O
that	O
retain	O
their	O
data	O
without	O
electricity	O
.	O


Developers	O
caution	O
that	O
broad	O
applications	O
are	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
away	O
because	O
the	O
technology	O
is	O
n't	O
fully	O
refined	O
.	O


But	O
Ramtron	B-ORG
of	O
Colorado	B-GPE
Springs	I-GPE
,	O
Colo.	B-GPE
,	O
plans	O
to	O
start	O
shipping	O
commercial	O
quantities	O
of	O
simple	O
ferroelectric	O
chips	O
in	O
December	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
company	O
expects	O
the	O
chips	O
eventually	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
devices	O
that	O
mimic	O
a	O
whole	O
range	O
of	O
computer	O
memory	O
equipment	O
,	O
including	O
floppy	O
-	O
disk	O
and	O
hard	O
-	O
disk	O
drives	O
.	O


National	B-ORG
Semiconductor	I-ORG
is	O
getting	O
ferroelectric	O
technology	O
from	O
Krysalis	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
in	O
Albuquerque	B-GPE
,	O
N.M	B-GPE
.	O


National	B-ORG
says	O
it	O
agreed	O
to	O
acquire	O
Krysalis	B-ORG
's	O
assets	O
and	O
will	O
start	O
shipping	O
commercial	O
quantities	O
of	O
its	O
first	O
chips	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
4	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
kilobit	I-QUANTITY
memory	O
,	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Once	O
production	O
hurdles	O
are	O
overcome	O
,	O
the	O
chips	O
could	O
take	O
over	O
a	O
significant	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
not	O
needing	O
an	O
outside	O
power	O
source	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
potentially	O
cheaper	O
to	O
make	O
because	O
they	O
require	O
fewer	O
manufacturing	O
steps	O
than	O
conventional	O
chips	O
.	O


Military	O
buyers	O
have	O
shown	O
interest	O
,	O
National	B-ORG
says	O
,	O
because	O
ferroelectric	O
chips	O
resist	O
atomic	O
radiation	O
.	O


And	O
while	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
non-volatile	O
chips	O
--	O
such	O
as	O
electronically	O
erasable	O
programmable	O
read	O
-	O
only	O
memory	O
chips	O
--	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
computer	O
's	O
central	O
memory	O
because	O
they	O
``	O
learn	O
''	O
data	O
slowly	O
,	O
ferroelectric	O
chips	O
accept	O
data	O
at	O
very	O
high	O
speeds	O
.	O


Showing	O
Up	O
in	O
Court	O
Without	O
Being	O
There	O


AN	O
AUSTIN	B-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
company	O
plans	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
easy	O
for	O
you	O
show	O
up	O
in	O
court	O
a	B-QUANTITY
thousand	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
away	O
without	O
leaving	O
town	O
.	O


Witnesses	O
often	O
must	O
travel	O
long	O
distances	O
to	O
give	O
face	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	O
depositions	O
before	O
lawyers	O
and	O
court	O
reporters	O
.	O


That	O
means	O
huge	O
travel	O
bills	O
.	O


And	O
telephone	O
or	O
videotape	O
depositions	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
match	O
physical	O
encounters	O
.	O


That	O
could	O
change	O
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
lower	O
long	O
-	O
distance	O
rates	O
and	O
cheaper	O
electronics	O
.	O


Video	B-ORG
Telecom	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
markets	O
videoconferencing	O
systems	O
,	O
is	O
working	O
with	O
court	O
reporters	O
to	O
wire	O
a	O
nationwide	O
network	O
to	O
allow	O
depositions	O
by	O
live	O
television	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
installed	O
a	O
prototype	O
system	O
that	O
connects	O
Dallas	B-GPE
with	O
Miami	B-GPE
over	O
digital	O
phone	O
lines	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
is	O
preparing	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
shop	O
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
and	O
10	B-CARDINAL
other	O
cities	O
where	O
court	O
-	O
reporting	O
agencies	O
can	O
tie	O
conference	O
rooms	O
into	O
the	O
network	O
.	O


While	O
lawyers	O
arranged	O
individual	O
tie	O
-	O
ups	O
before	O
,	O
the	O
formal	O
network	O
of	O
court	O
reporters	O
should	O
make	O
things	O
easier	O
and	O
cheaper	O
.	O


An	O
attorney	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
network	O
for	O
an	O
hourly	B-TIME
fee	O
of	O
between	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
and	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
picture	O
,	O
to	O
take	O
depositions	O
from	O
witnesses	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
connected	O
cities	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
Reverse	O
Tack	O
On	O
Patent	O
Protection	O


JAPAN	B-GPE
'S	O
MISUSE	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
patents	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
sore	O
point	O
for	O
American	B-NORP
chip	O
makers	O
.	O


Now	O
at	O
least	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Japanese	B-NORP
company	O
is	O
turning	O
the	O
courtroom	O
tables	O
.	O


Until	O
now	B-DATE
,	O
most	O
Japanese	B-NORP
charges	O
have	O
been	O
responses	O
to	O
suits	O
against	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
Hitachi	B-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
surprised	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
electronics	O
industry	O
when	O
it	O
accused	O
Korea	B-GPE
's	O
Samsung	B-ORG
Electronics	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	O
using	O
Hitachi	B-ORG
technology	O
to	O
make	O
dynamic	O
random	O
-	O
access	O
memory	O
chips	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
A	O
settlement	O
was	O
reached	O
but	O
was	O
n't	O
made	O
public	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


And	O
Hitachi	B-ORG
went	O
on	O
the	O
offensive	O
against	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
's	O
Motorola	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
with	O
a	O
suit	O
charging	O
that	O
Motorola	B-ORG
's	O
new	O
MC88200	B-PRODUCT
chip	O
infringes	O
on	O
a	O
Hitachi	B-ORG
patent	O
.	O


Another	O
recent	O
Hitachi	B-ORG
suit	O
accuses	O
Motorola	B-ORG
of	O
reverse	O
engineering	O
a	O
Hitachi	B-ORG
technology	O
--	O
a	O
turnabout	O
from	O
a	O
nation	O
of	O
champion	O
reverse	O
engineers	O
.	O


The	O
moves	O
illustrate	O
the	O
more	O
aggressive	O
attitude	O
toward	O
patent	O
protection	O
that	O
patent	O
experts	O
say	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
starting	O
to	O
take	O
.	O


Hitachi	B-ORG
made	O
the	O
reverse	O
-	O
engineering	O
charges	O
in	O
an	O
amendment	O
to	O
a	O
counterclaim	O
filed	O
in	O
a	O
federal	O
district	O
court	O
in	O
Texas	B-GPE
after	O
Motorola	B-ORG
sued	O
Hitachi	B-ORG
for	O
patent	O
violation	O
.	O


Hitachi	B-ORG
charges	O
Motorola	B-ORG
``	O
has	O
engaged	O
in	O
fraudulent	O
and	O
inequitable	O
conduct	O
in	O
the	O
procurement	O
of	O
certain	O
Motorola	B-ORG
patents	O
''	O
used	O
in	O
Motorola	B-ORG
's	O
MC68030	B-PRODUCT
microprocessor	O
chip	O
.	O


Translation	O
:	O
Motorola	B-ORG
appears	O
to	O
have	O
taken	O
a	O
Hitachi	B-ORG
technology	O
that	O
is	O
patented	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
Hitachi	B-ORG
says	O
,	O
and	O
``	O
tried	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
look	O
like	O
a	O
new	O
technology	O
.	O
''	O


Motorola	B-ORG
either	O
denied	O
or	O
would	O
n't	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
various	O
charges	O
.	O


Odds	O
and	O
Ends	O


COMPUTER	O
chips	O
that	O
simulate	O
human	O
vision	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
by	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Sharp	B-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


They	O
mimic	O
the	O
brain	O
by	O
``	O
looking	O
''	O
at	O
an	O
image	O
,	O
extracting	O
the	O
fundamentals	O
--	O
boundaries	O
,	O
corners	O
and	O
lines	O
--	O
and	O
translating	O
them	O
into	O
computer	O
data	O
.	O


Sharp	B-ORG
says	O
the	O
set	O
of	O
chips	O
could	O
improve	O
fax	O
machines	O
,	O
graphics	O
computers	O
or	O
identification	O
systems	O
that	O
recognize	O
facial	O
features	O
...	O
.	O


An	O
N.V	B-ORG
.	I-ORG
Philips	I-ORG
unit	O
has	O
created	O
a	O
computer	O
system	O
that	O
processes	O
video	O
images	O
3,000	B-CARDINAL
times	O
faster	O
than	O
conventional	O
systems	O
.	O


Using	O
reduced	O
instruction	O
-	O
set	O
computing	O
,	O
or	O
RISC	O
,	O
chips	O
made	O
by	O
Intergraph	B-ORG
of	O
Huntsville	B-GPE
,	O
Ala.	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
system	O
splits	O
the	O
image	O
it	O
``	O
sees	O
''	O
into	O
20	B-CARDINAL
digital	O
representations	O
,	O
each	O
processed	O
by	O
one	B-CARDINAL
chip	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
private	O
dinner	O
Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
Drexel	B-ORG
Burnham	I-ORG
Lambert	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
chief	O
executive	O
Frederick	B-PERSON
Joseph	I-PERSON
delivered	O
a	O
sobering	O
message	O
about	O
the	O
junk	O
bond	O
market	O
to	O
officials	O
of	O
Prudential	B-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
conceded	O
the	O
junk	O
market	O
was	O
in	O
disarray	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
people	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
discussion	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
Drexel	B-ORG
--	O
the	O
leading	O
underwriter	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
junk	O
bonds	O
--	O
could	O
no	O
longer	O
afford	O
to	O
sell	O
any	O
junk	O
offerings	O
if	O
they	O
might	O
later	O
become	O
troubled	O
because	O
Drexel	B-ORG
risked	O
losing	O
its	O
highly	O
lucrative	O
junk	O
franchise	O
.	O


The	O
dinner	O
was	O
a	O
stark	O
confirmation	O
that	O
1989	B-DATE
is	O
the	B-DATE
worst	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
ever	I-DATE
for	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
junk	O
market	O
.	O


And	O
investors	O
and	O
traders	O
alike	O
say	O
the	O
current	O
turmoil	O
could	O
take	O
years	B-DATE
to	O
resolve	O
.	O


Amid	O
the	O
market	O
disorder	O
,	O
even	O
Drexel	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
has	O
the	O
widest	O
and	O
most	O
loyal	O
following	O
of	O
junk	O
bond	O
investors	O
,	O
is	O
pulling	O
in	O
its	O
horns	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
big	O
investment	O
bank	O
still	O
dominates	O
the	O
junk	O
market	O
,	O
Drexel	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
unable	O
to	O
stem	O
the	O
fallout	O
from	O
growing	O
junk	O
bond	O
defaults	O
,	O
withdrawn	O
new	O
offerings	O
,	O
redemptions	O
by	O
shareholders	O
in	O
junk	O
bond	O
mutual	O
funds	O
and	O
an	O
exodus	O
of	O
once	O
-	O
devoted	O
investors	O
.	O


For	O
many	O
money	O
managers	O
,	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
have	O
been	O
humiliating	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
worst	O
shakeout	O
ever	O
in	O
the	O
junk	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
could	O
take	O
years	B-DATE
before	O
it	O
's	O
over	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Bachmann	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
at	O
Standard	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Poor	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
credit	O
rating	O
company	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
junk	O
bonds	O
--	O
those	O
with	O
less	O
than	O
an	O
investment	O
-	O
grade	O
rating	O
--	O
showed	O
negative	O
returns	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
major	O
sector	O
of	O
the	O
bond	O
market	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
.	O


Since	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
junk	O
bonds	O
have	O
been	O
outperformed	O
by	O
all	O
categories	O
of	O
investment	O
-	O
grade	O
bonds	O
,	O
including	O
ultra-safe	O
Treasury	B-ORG
securities	O
.	O


The	O
junk	O
market	O
,	O
which	O
mushroomed	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
from	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
at	O
the	B-DATE
start	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
,	O
has	O
been	O
declining	O
for	O
months	B-DATE
as	O
issuers	O
have	O
stumbled	O
under	O
the	O
weight	O
of	O
hefty	O
interest	O
payments	O
.	O


The	O
fragile	O
market	O
received	O
its	O
biggest	O
jolt	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
from	O
Campeau	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
created	O
its	O
U.S.	B-GPE
retailing	O
empire	O
with	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
junk	O
financing	O
.	O


Campeau	B-ORG
developed	O
a	O
cash	O
squeeze	O
that	O
caused	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
tardy	O
on	O
some	O
interest	O
payments	O
and	O
to	O
put	O
its	O
prestigious	O
Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
department	O
store	O
chain	O
up	O
for	O
sale	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
point	O
,	O
the	O
junk	O
market	O
went	O
into	O
a	O
tailspin	O
as	O
buyers	O
disappeared	O
and	O
investors	O
tried	O
to	O
sell	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
interview	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
says	O
his	O
dinner	O
discussion	O
with	O
the	O
Prudential	B-ORG
executives	O
acknowledged	O
problems	O
for	O
junk	O
.	O


``	O
What	O
I	O
thought	O
I	O
was	O
saying	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
market	O
is	O
troubled	O
but	O
still	O
viable	O
and	O
,	O
appropriately	O
enough	O
,	O
quite	O
quality	O
-	O
conscious	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
at	O
all	O
bad	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
Nobody	O
's	O
been	O
perfect	O
in	O
their	O
credit	O
judgments	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
couple	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
our	O
default	O
rates	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
acceptable	O
parameters	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
.	O
''	O


What	O
has	O
jolted	O
many	O
junk	O
buyers	O
is	O
the	O
sudden	O
realization	O
that	O
junk	O
bonds	O
can	O
not	O
necessarily	O
be	O
bought	O
and	O
sold	O
with	O
the	O
ease	O
of	O
common	O
stocks	O
and	O
many	O
investment	O
-	O
grade	O
bonds	O
.	O


Unlike	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
,	O
where	O
buyers	O
and	O
sellers	O
are	O
quickly	O
matched	O
,	O
the	O
junk	O
market	O
,	O
where	O
risky	O
corporate	O
loans	O
are	O
traded	O
,	O
is	O
sometimes	O
closed	O
for	O
repairs	O
.	O


At	O
closely	O
held	O
Deltec	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
junk	O
bond	O
money	O
managers	O
Amy	B-PERSON
K.	I-PERSON
Minella	I-PERSON
and	O
Hannah	B-PERSON
H.	I-PERSON
Strasser	I-PERSON
say	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
the	O
junk	O
market	O
go	O
deeper	O
than	O
a	O
temporary	O
malaise	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
they	O
say	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
heavy	O
selling	O
of	O
junk	O
bonds	O
by	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
traditional	O
investors	O
,	O
while	O
new	O
buyers	O
have	O
n't	O
materialized	O
to	O
replace	O
them	O
.	O


Wall	O
Street	O
securities	O
firms	O
,	O
``	O
the	O
primary	O
source	O
of	O
liquidity	O
for	O
the	O
high	O
yield	O
market	O
,	O
''	O
have	O
been	O
net	O
sellers	O
of	O
junk	O
bonds	O
because	O
of	O
trading	O
losses	O
,	O
Deltec	B-ORG
said	O
in	O
a	O
recent	O
,	O
grim	O
report	O
to	O
customers	O
.	O


Mutual	O
funds	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
net	O
sellers	O
of	O
junk	O
bonds	O
as	O
junk	O
's	O
relatively	O
poor	O
performance	O
and	O
negative	O
press	O
coverage	O
have	O
produced	O
``	O
above	O
-	O
normal	O
''	O
redemptions	O
by	O
shareholders	O
,	O
Deltec	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


Investors	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
raise	O
cash	O
,	O
have	O
sold	O
``	O
large	O
liquid	O
issues	O
''	O
such	O
as	O
RJR	B-ORG
Holdings	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
Kroger	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
;	O
declines	O
in	O
these	O
benchmark	O
issues	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
distress	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
Deltec	B-ORG
said	O
,	O
buying	O
has	O
been	O
severely	O
reduced	O
because	O
savings	O
and	O
loans	O
have	O
been	O
restricted	O
in	O
their	O
junk	O
purchases	O
by	O
recently	O
passed	O
congressional	O
legislation	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
fact	O
,	O
savings	O
and	O
loans	O
were	O
sellers	O
of	O
high	O
yield	O
holdings	O
throughout	O
the	B-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
Deltec	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Minella	B-PERSON
and	O
Ms.	O
Strasser	B-PERSON
say	O
they	O
are	O
managing	O
their	O
junk	O
portfolios	O
defensively	O
,	O
building	O
cash	O
and	O
selectively	O
upgrading	O
the	O
overall	O
quality	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
Prudential	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
largest	O
insurer	O
and	O
the	O
biggest	O
investor	O
in	O
junk	O
bonds	O
,	O
has	O
seen	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
its	O
junk	O
bond	O
portfolio	O
drop	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
6.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
from	O
$	B-MONEY
7	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
since	O
August	B-DATE
because	O
of	O
falling	O
junk	O
prices	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
certainly	O
do	O
have	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
liquidity	O
here	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
something	O
to	O
be	O
concerned	O
about	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
James	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Gregoire	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
managing	O
director	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
have	O
no	O
reason	O
to	O
think	O
things	O
will	O
get	O
worse	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
market	O
has	O
a	O
knack	O
for	O
surprising	O
us	O
.	O


This	O
market	O
teaches	O
us	O
to	O
be	O
humble	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
junk	O
market	O
's	O
``	O
yield	O
hogs	O
are	O
learning	O
a	O
real	O
painful	O
lesson	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
junk	O
bonds	O
outstanding	O
show	O
no	O
signs	O
of	O
default	O
,	O
the	O
market	O
has	O
downgraded	O
many	O
junk	O
issues	O
as	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
in	O
trouble	O
,	O
says	O
Stuart	B-PERSON
Reese	I-PERSON
,	O
manager	O
of	O
Aetna	B-ORG
Life	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Casualty	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
$	B-MONEY
17	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
investment	O
-	O
grade	O
public	O
bond	O
portfolio	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
we	O
think	O
the	O
risks	O
are	O
there	O
for	O
things	O
getting	O
a	O
lot	O
worse	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
risks	O
are	O
n't	O
appropriate	O
for	O
us	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


The	O
big	O
insurer	O
,	O
unlike	O
Prudential	B-ORG
,	O
owns	O
only	B-MONEY
about	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
publicly	O
sold	O
junk	O
bonds	O
.	O


The	O
string	O
of	O
big	O
junk	O
bond	O
defaults	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
problems	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
probably	O
will	O
persist	O
,	O
some	O
analysts	O
say	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
anything	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
see	O
defaults	O
increase	O
because	O
credit	O
ratings	O
have	O
declined	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Asquith	I-PERSON
,	O
associate	O
professor	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Massachusetts	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Sloan	B-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Asquith	B-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
study	O
on	O
junk	O
bond	O
defaults	O
caused	O
a	O
furor	O
on	O
Wall	O
Street	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
disclosed	O
last	B-DATE
April	I-DATE
,	O
says	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
junk	O
bond	O
defaults	O
already	O
show	O
a	O
high	O
correlation	O
with	O
his	O
own	O
findings	O
.	O


His	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
junk	O
bonds	O
over	O
time	O
had	O
a	O
cumulative	O
default	O
rate	O
of	O
34	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
indication	O
of	O
a	O
growing	O
number	O
of	O
junk	O
defaults	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Asquith	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
about	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
corporate	O
bonds	O
outstanding	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
lowered	O
to	O
a	O
default	O
rating	O
by	O
S&P	B-ORG
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
are	O
junk	O
bonds	O
sold	O
during	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
big	O
issue	O
years	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
1984	I-DATE
through	I-DATE
1986	I-DATE
.	O


These	O
bonds	O
,	O
now	O
rated	O
single	O
-	O
D	O
,	O
include	O
junk	O
offerings	O
by	O
AP	B-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
,	O
Columbia	B-ORG
Savings	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
Colorado	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
First	B-ORG
Texas	I-ORG
Savings	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
Gilbraltar	B-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Integrated	B-ORG
Resources	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Metropolitan	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Resorts	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Southmark	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
Vyquest	B-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
Obviously	O
,	O
we	O
got	O
a	O
lot	O
more	O
smoke	O
than	O
fire	O
from	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
told	O
us	O
the	O
market	O
was	O
n't	O
so	O
risky	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Bradford	B-PERSON
Cornell	I-PERSON
,	O
professor	O
of	O
finance	O
at	O
University	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
California	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Anderson	B-ORG
Graduate	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Cornell	B-PERSON
has	O
just	O
completed	O
a	O
study	O
that	O
finds	O
that	O
the	O
risks	O
and	O
returns	O
of	O
junk	O
bonds	O
are	O
less	O
than	O
on	O
common	O
stocks	O
but	O
more	O
than	O
on	O
investment	O
-	O
grade	O
bonds	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Cornell	B-PERSON
says	O
:	O
``	O
The	O
junk	O
market	O
is	O
no	O
bonanza	O
as	O
Drexel	B-ORG
claimed	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
also	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
disaster	O
as	O
the	O
doomsayers	O
say	O
.	O
''	O


Despite	O
the	O
junk	O
market	O
's	O
problems	O
,	O
Drexel	B-ORG
continues	O
to	O
enjoy	O
a	O
loyalty	O
among	O
junk	O
bond	O
investors	O
that	O
its	O
Wall	O
Street	O
rivals	O
have	O
n't	O
found	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Drexel	B-ORG
has	O
sold	O
$	B-MONEY
1.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
new	O
junk	O
bonds	O
for	O
Turner	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Uniroyal	B-ORG
Chemical	I-ORG
,	O
Continental	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
and	O
Duff	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Phelps	I-ORG
.	O


Still	O
,	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
troubled	O
Drexel	B-ORG
bond	O
offerings	O
dwarfs	O
that	O
of	O
any	O
firm	O
on	O
Wall	O
Street	O
,	O
as	O
does	O
its	O
successful	O
offerings	O
.	O


Troubled	O
Drexel	B-ORG
-	O
underwritten	O
issues	O
include	O
Resorts	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
,	O
Braniff	B-ORG
,	O
Integrated	B-ORG
Resources	I-ORG
,	O
SCI	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
,	O
Gillette	B-ORG
Holdings	I-ORG
,	O
Western	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
and	O
Southmark	B-ORG
.	O


``	O
Quality	O
junk	O
bonds	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
trade	O
well	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Holland	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
Salomon	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
Asset	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
deals	O
that	O
never	O
should	O
have	O
been	O
brought	O
have	O
now	O
become	O
nuclear	O
waste	O
.	O


As	O
Helen	B-PERSON
Boehm	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
owns	O
an	O
art	O
porcelain	O
company	O
,	O
sipped	O
her	O
luncheon	O
cocktail	O
,	O
she	O
reeled	O
off	O
the	O
names	O
of	O
a	O
few	O
pals	O
--	O
Prince	O
Charles	B-PERSON
,	O
Princess	O
Diana	B-PERSON
,	O
Sarah	B-PERSON
Ferguson	I-PERSON
,	O
John	B-PERSON
Kluge	I-PERSON
,	O
Milton	B-PERSON
Petrie	I-PERSON
.	O


Then	O
,	O
flashing	O
a	O
diamond	O
ring	O
as	O
big	O
as	O
the	O
Ritz	B-ORG
-LRB-	O
``	O
my	O
day	O
diamond	O
,	O
darling	O
''	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
she	O
told	O
her	O
two	B-CARDINAL
companions	O
that	O
she	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
``	O
board	O
''	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Vatican	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
in	O
Rome	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
it	O
turns	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
board	O
has	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
important	O
members	O
,	O
including	O
Winton	B-PERSON
Blount	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
former	O
postmaster	O
general	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Mrs.	O
Henry	B-PERSON
Gaisman	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
widow	O
of	O
the	O
inventor	O
of	O
auto	O
-	O
strop	O
razor	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
Vincent	B-PERSON
Murphy	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
an	O
investment	O
banker	O
at	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O
-RRB-	O


But	O
Mrs.	O
Boehm	B-PERSON
did	O
n't	O
mention	O
any	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


``	O
Helen	B-PERSON
Boehm	I-PERSON
has	O
a	O
way	O
with	O
names	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
James	B-PERSON
Revson	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
gossip	O
columnist	O
for	O
Newsday	B-ORG
-LRB-	O
and	O
son	O
of	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
Revson	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
founder	O
of	O
Revlon	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
.	O


Like	O
which	O
are	O
droppable	O
and	O
which	O
are	O
not	O
.	O


With	O
the	B-DATE
fall	I-DATE
social	I-DATE
season	I-DATE
well	O
under	O
way	O
,	O
name	O
-	O
droppers	O
are	O
out	O
in	O
force	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
impress	O
their	O
betters	O
and	O
sometimes	O
put	O
down	O
their	O
lessers	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
truth	O
is	O
that	O
almost	O
everyone	O
,	O
from	O
real	O
-	O
estate	O
agents	O
to	O
city	O
fathers	O
,	O
name	O
-	O
drops	O
;	O
and	O
a	O
surprising	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
have	O
an	O
ancient	O
uncle	O
who	O
claims	O
he	O
lived	O
next	O
door	O
to	O
the	O
cartoonist	O
who	O
did	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Katzenjammer	I-WORK_OF_ART
Kids	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


-LRB-	O
In	O
case	O
you	O
have	O
forgotten	O
,	O
his	O
name	O
was	O
Rudolph	B-PERSON
Dirks	I-PERSON
.	O
-RRB-	O


``	O
Name	O
-	O
dropping	O
is	O
pervasive	O
and	O
getting	O
more	O
so	O
as	O
society	O
becomes	O
more	O
complex	O
and	O
alienating	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Herbert	B-PERSON
Freudenberger	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
psychoanalyst	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
powered	O
clientele	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
can	O
be	O
an	O
avenue	O
of	O
entrance	O
to	O
a	O
certain	O
sector	O
of	O
society	O
...	O
.	O


It	O
provides	O
some	O
people	O
a	O
needed	O
sense	O
of	O
affiliation	O
and	O
can	O
help	O
open	O
up	O
a	O
conversation	O
with	O
someone	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O
''	O


Like	O
the	O
Long	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
matron	O
in	O
the	O
theater	O
district	O
the	B-DATE
other	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
who	O
swore	O
to	O
a	O
stranger	O
that	O
she	O
once	O
met	O
Liza	B-PERSON
Minnelli	I-PERSON
.	O


``	O
I	O
was	O
having	O
a	O
drink	O
in	O
Sardi	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
,	O
when	O
all	O
of	O
a	O
sudden	O
I	O
saw	O
a	O
woman	O
's	O
backside	O
coming	O
up	O
the	O
steps	O
on	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
wearing	O
sequined	O
slacks	O
.	O


I	O
knew	O
it	O
was	O
someone	O
important	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
followed	O
her	O
into	O
the	O
ladies	O
room	O
and	O
sure	O
enough	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
Liza	B-PERSON
.	O


So	O
I	O
said	O
,	O
`	O
Hello	O
.	O
'	O


And	O
she	O
said	O
,	O
`	O
Hello	O
.	O
'	O


Can	O
you	O
imagine	O
?	O


Liza	B-PERSON
said	O
hello	O
to	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
people	O
must	O
drop	O
names	O
--	O
call	O
it	O
an	O
irresistible	O
impulse	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
ca	O
n't	O
help	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
big	O
important	O
people	O
they	O
know	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
know	O
them	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Dr.	O
Freudenberger	B-PERSON
.	O


Beauregard	B-PERSON
Houston	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Montgomery	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
writer	O
who	O
changed	O
his	O
name	O
from	O
William	B-PERSON
Stretch	I-PERSON
in	O
1980	B-DATE
,	O
is	O
an	O
inveterate	O
name	O
-	O
dropper	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
it	O
innately	O
and	O
pathologically	O
,	O
and	O
while	O
it	O
may	O
occasionally	O
get	O
me	O
into	O
trouble	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
also	O
gotten	O
me	O
access	O
to	O
parties	O
and	O
society	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Name	O
-	O
dropping	O
recently	O
helped	O
Mr.	O
Houston	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Montgomery	I-PERSON
crash	O
a	O
party	O
Fame	B-ORG
magazine	O
threw	O
for	O
100	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
2,809	B-CARDINAL
people	O
mentioned	O
in	O
the	O
diaries	O
of	O
the	O
late	O
Andy	B-PERSON
Warhol	I-PERSON
.	O


``	O
I	O
guess	O
I	O
might	O
have	O
asked	O
Beauregard	B-PERSON
to	O
leave	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
drops	O
so	O
many	O
good	O
names	O
,	O
we	O
decided	O
to	O
let	O
him	O
stay	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Steven	B-PERSON
Greenberg	I-PERSON
,	O
publisher	O
of	O
Fame	B-ORG
.	O


``	O
After	O
all	O
,	O
Warhol	B-PERSON
was	O
the	O
ultimate	O
namedropper	O
,	O
dropping	O
five	B-CARDINAL
a	O
day	O
in	O
his	O
diaries	O
.	O


And	O
Beauregard	B-PERSON
was	O
mentioned	O
twice	O
--	O
although	O
very	O
briefly	O
and	O
in	O
passing	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Houston	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Montgomery	I-PERSON
says	O
that	O
at	O
the	O
party	O
he	O
waved	O
to	O
Malcolm	B-PERSON
Forbes	I-PERSON
,	O
publisher	O
of	O
Forbes	B-ORG
magazine	O
-LRB-	O
``	O
We've	O
been	O
in	O
the	O
columns	O
together	O
''	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Mary	B-PERSON
Boone	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
art	O
dealer	O
-LRB-	O
``	O
I	O
think	O
she	O
knows	O
me	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
''	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
Bridget	B-PERSON
Fonda	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
actress	O
-LRB-	O
``	O
She	O
knows	O
me	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
really	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
friends	O
''	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Revson	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
gossip	O
columnist	O
,	O
says	O
there	O
are	O
people	O
who	O
actually	O
plan	O
whose	O
names	O
they	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
drop	O
before	O
attending	O
a	O
party	O
.	O


These	O
droppers	O
do	O
n't	O
flaunt	O
only	O
their	O
friendships	O
with	O
the	O
Trumps	B-PERSON
,	O
Brooke	B-PERSON
Astor	I-PERSON
or	O
Georgette	B-PERSON
Mosbacher	I-PERSON
.	O


``	O
They	O
even	O
drop	O
semi-obscure	O
names	O
like	O
Wolfgang	B-PERSON
Flottl	I-PERSON
,	O
whom	O
everybody	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
apparently	O
has	O
heard	O
of	O
but	O
no	O
one	O
really	O
knows	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Revson	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
the	O
one	O
-	O
upsmanship	O
of	O
name	O
-	O
dropping	O
that	O
counts	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
name	O
-	O
dropping	O
has	O
other	O
benefits	O
,	O
often	O
civic	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
civic	O
pride	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
desire	O
to	O
nullify	O
a	O
negative	O
image	O
,	O
some	O
city	O
promoters	O
seek	O
to	O
link	O
their	O
municipality	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
recognizable	O
names	O
the	O
city	O
has	O
to	O
offer	O
.	O


Take	O
Cleveland	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
has	O
gotten	O
a	O
bad	O
rep	O
because	O
its	O
once	O
heavily	O
polluted	O
Cuyahoga	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
caught	O
fire	O
,	O
because	O
former	O
Mayor	O
Ralph	B-PERSON
Perk	I-PERSON
set	O
his	O
hair	O
on	O
fire	O
with	O
an	O
acetylene	O
torch	O
and	O
because	O
its	O
proposed	O
Rock	B-ORG
'n'	I-ORG
Roll	I-ORG
Hall	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Fame	I-ORG
was	O
recently	O
refused	O
an	O
urban	O
-	O
development	O
grant	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
call	O
it	O
``	O
The	B-GPE
Mistake	I-GPE
on	I-GPE
the	I-GPE
Lake	I-GPE
''	O
--	O
Lake	B-LOC
Erie	I-LOC
,	O
that	O
is	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
helps	O
to	O
point	O
out	O
how	O
many	O
important	O
people	O
came	O
through	O
Cleveland	B-GPE
on	O
their	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
top	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
George	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
,	O
executive	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Cleveland	I-ORG
Campaign	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
nonprofit	O
organization	O
devoted	O
to	O
citing	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
strengths	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Miller	B-PERSON
notes	O
that	O
actor	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Newman	I-PERSON
's	O
family	O
owned	O
a	O
sporting	O
-	O
goods	O
store	O
in	O
Cleveland	B-GPE
,	O
that	O
the	O
late	O
actress	O
Margaret	B-PERSON
Hamilton	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
played	O
the	O
bad	O
witch	O
in	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Wizard	I-WORK_OF_ART
Of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Oz	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
once	O
ran	O
a	O
nursery	O
school	O
in	O
Cleveland	B-GPE
and	O
that	O
comedian	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Hope	I-PERSON
's	O
father	O
,	O
a	O
stonemason	O
,	O
once	O
worked	O
on	O
a	O
church	O
next	O
to	O
Severence	B-FAC
Hall	I-FAC
,	O
Cleveland	B-GPE
's	O
main	O
concert	O
hall	O
.	O


``	O
Power	O
names	O
like	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
hurt	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
reputation	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Miller	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


In	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
,	O
an	O
average	O
family	O
can	O
gain	O
cachet	O
from	O
moving	O
into	O
a	O
home	O
vacated	O
by	O
the	O
famous	O
or	O
near	O
famous	O
.	O


``	O
Why	O
we	O
even	O
just	O
sold	O
a	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
bedroom	O
house	O
in	O
Van	B-GPE
Nuys	I-GPE
and	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
price	O
firm	O
in	O
a	O
weak	O
real	O
-	O
estate	O
market	O
by	O
noting	O
that	O
the	O
original	O
Lone	B-PERSON
Ranger	I-PERSON
lived	O
there	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
David	B-PERSON
Rambo	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
sales	O
associate	O
with	O
Jon	B-ORG
Douglas	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
real	O
-	O
estate	O
agency	O
.	O


``	O
Most	O
people	O
ca	O
n't	O
even	O
remember	O
his	O
name	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
It	O
is	O
John	B-PERSON
Hart	I-PERSON
.	O
-RRB-	O


Mr.	O
Rambo	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
a	O
3.2	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
acre	I-QUANTITY
property	O
overlooking	O
the	B-LOC
San	I-LOC
Fernando	I-LOC
Valley	I-LOC
is	O
priced	O
at	O
$	B-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
because	O
the	O
late	O
actor	O
Erroll	B-PERSON
Flynn	I-PERSON
once	O
lived	O
there	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
Flynn	B-PERSON
had	O
n't	O
lived	O
there	O
,	O
the	O
property	O
might	O
have	O
been	O
priced	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
lower	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Rambo	B-PERSON
,	O
noting	O
that	O
Flynn	B-PERSON
's	O
house	O
has	O
been	O
bulldozed	O
,	O
and	O
only	O
the	O
swimming	O
pool	O
remains	O
.	O


Press	O
agents	O
and	O
public	O
-	O
relations	O
practitioners	O
are	O
notorious	O
name	O
-	O
droppers	O
.	O


And	O
some	O
even	O
do	O
it	O
with	O
malice	O
aforethought	O
.	O


Len	B-PERSON
Kessler	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
financial	O
publicist	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
sometimes	O
uses	O
it	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
attention	O
of	O
journalists	O
who	O
try	O
to	O
avoid	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
that	O
when	O
Dan	B-PERSON
Dorfman	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
financial	O
columnist	O
with	O
USA	B-ORG
Today	I-ORG
,	O
has	O
n't	O
returned	O
his	O
phone	O
calls	O
,	O
he	O
leaves	O
messages	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Dorfman	B-PERSON
's	O
office	O
saying	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
an	O
important	O
story	O
on	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Trump	I-PERSON
,	O
Meshulam	B-PERSON
Riklis	I-PERSON
or	O
Marvin	B-PERSON
Davis	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
admits	O
he	O
has	O
no	O
story	O
on	O
any	O
of	O
them	O
on	O
these	O
occasions	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
it	O
does	O
get	O
him	O
to	O
return	O
my	O
calls	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
makes	O
me	O
feel	O
better	O
for	O
the	O
times	O
he	O
's	O
given	O
me	O
the	O
brushoff	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Kessler	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
obvious	O
dangers	O
to	O
blatant	O
,	O
unsubstantiated	O
name	O
-	O
dropping	O
.	O


Jeffry	B-PERSON
Thal	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
publicity	O
agent	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Lantz	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
,	O
warns	O
that	O
dropping	O
the	O
wrong	O
name	O
labels	O
the	O
dropper	O
as	O
a	O
fake	O
and	O
a	O
fraud	O
.	O


``	O
Get	O
caught	O
and	O
you	O
're	O
dead	O
in	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Thal	B-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Thal	B-PERSON
says	O
that	O
Elizabeth	B-PERSON
Taylor	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
client	O
,	O
``	O
hates	O
being	O
called	O
`	O
Liz	B-PERSON
.	O
'	O
...	O


If	O
directors	O
or	O
producers	O
phone	O
me	O
and	O
say	O
they	O
know	O
`	O
Liz	B-PERSON
,	O
'	O
I	O
know	O
they	O
've	O
never	O
met	O
her	O
.	O


She	O
prefers	O
`	O
Elizabeth	B-PERSON
.	O
'	O
''	O


In	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
society	O
,	O
Pat	B-PERSON
Buckley	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
very	O
social	O
wife	O
of	O
author	O
William	B-PERSON
Buckley	I-PERSON
,	O
has	O
the	O
nicknames	O
``	O
Mrs.	O
Buckles	B-PERSON
''	O
and	O
``	O
Patsy	B-PERSON
.	O
''	O


And	O
her	O
husband	O
sometimes	O
calls	O
her	O
``	O
Ducky	B-PERSON
.	O
''	O


``	O
But	O
call	O
her	O
`	O
Patty	B-PERSON
,	O
'	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
sure	O
giveaway	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
in	O
her	O
circle	O
,	O
because	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
use	O
that	O
name	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Joan	B-PERSON
Kron	I-PERSON
,	O
editor	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
chief	O
of	O
Avenue	B-ORG
magazine	O
,	O
a	O
monthly	B-DATE
publication	O
sent	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
right	O
names	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Spencer	I-PERSON
Churchill	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
nephew	O
of	O
the	O
late	O
Sir	O
Winston	B-PERSON
Churchill	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
prime	O
minister	O
of	O
Great	B-GPE
Britain	I-GPE
,	O
is	O
n't	O
that	O
impressed	O
with	O
most	O
name	O
-	O
droppers	O
he	O
meets	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
because	O
they	O
only	O
drop	O
``	O
mere	O
names	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Churchill	B-PERSON
.	O


Currently	O
writing	O
his	O
memoirs	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Churchill	B-PERSON
,	O
an	O
artist	O
,	O
tells	O
how	O
tycoons	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
late	O
Jean	B-PERSON
Paul	I-PERSON
Getty	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
oil	O
billionnaire	O
,	O
were	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
known	O
only	O
by	O
one	B-CARDINAL
initial	O
,	O
their	O
last	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
you	O
're	O
at	O
the	O
club	O
,	O
you	O
ask	O
whether	O
they	O
've	O
spoken	O
to	O
`	O
G	B-PERSON
.	O
'	O


Now	O
they	O
know	O
who	O
you	O
mean	O
and	O
you	O
know	O
who	O
you	O
mean	O
.	O


But	O
no	O
one	O
else	O
does	O
.	O


Now	O
that	O
's	O
name	O
-	O
dropping	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O
.	O


Part	O
of	O
a	O
Series	O
-RCB-	O


SMYRNA	B-GPE
,	O
Ga.	B-GPE
--	O


The	O
auto	O
-	O
dealer	O
strip	O
in	O
this	O
booming	O
suburb	O
runs	O
nearly	B-QUANTITY
five	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
along	O
Cobb	B-FAC
Parkway	I-FAC
,	O
stretching	O
from	O
the	O
Perimeter	B-FAC
highway	O
that	O
circles	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
to	O
the	B-ORG
``	I-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Chicken	I-ORG
,	O
''	O
a	O
pullet	O
-	O
roofed	O
fast	O
-	O
food	O
restaurant	O
and	O
local	O
landmark	O
.	O


Twenty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
the	O
infancy	O
of	O
suburban	O
sprawl	O
,	O
just	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
dealerships	O
were	O
here	O
.	O


Now	O
there	O
are	O
23	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Alongside	O
such	O
long	O
-	O
familiar	O
names	O
as	O
Chevrolet	B-ORG
,	O
Ford	B-ORG
and	O
Dodge	B-ORG
are	O
nameplates	O
that	O
did	O
n't	O
exist	O
until	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
:	O
Acura	B-ORG
,	O
Sterling	B-ORG
,	O
Hyundai	B-ORG
.	O


Under	O
construction	O
is	O
the	O
strip	O
's	O
24th	B-ORDINAL
showroom	O
,	O
the	O
future	O
home	O
of	O
Lexus	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
luxury	O
marque	O
launched	O
by	O
Toyota	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
just	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
have	O
spawned	O
an	O
explosion	O
of	O
consumer	O
choice	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
everything	O
from	O
phone	O
companies	O
to	O
colas	O
.	O


And	O
especially	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Cobb	B-FAC
Parkway	I-FAC
strip	O
attests	O
,	O
in	O
cars	O
.	O


Americans	B-NORP
now	B-DATE
can	O
choose	O
among	O
572	B-CARDINAL
different	O
models	O
of	O
cars	O
,	O
vans	O
and	O
trucks	O
,	O
up	O
from	O
just	B-CARDINAL
408	I-CARDINAL
when	O
the	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
began	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Automotive	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
trade	O
publication	O
.	O


For	O
car	O
marketers	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
much	O
tougher	O
battle	O
to	O
keep	O
loyal	O
customers	O
from	O
defecting	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
makes	O
on	O
the	O
block	O
.	O


For	O
American	B-NORP
car	O
buyers	O
,	O
the	O
proliferation	O
of	O
choice	O
is	O
both	O
liberating	O
and	O
confusing	O
.	O


Malcolm	B-PERSON
MacDougall	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
Jordan	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
McGrath	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Case	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Taylor	I-ORG
advertising	O
agency	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
calls	O
the	O
proliferation	O
``	O
nameplate	O
mania	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
says	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
automobile	O
choices	O
is	O
causing	O
stress	O
among	O
consumers	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
that	O
people	O
will	O
simply	O
ignore	O
new	O
models	O
that	O
lack	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
defined	O
image	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
winners	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
predicts	O
,	O
``	O
will	O
be	O
brands	O
from	O
car	O
makers	O
that	O
have	O
traditionally	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
quality	O
and	O
value	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
says	O
it	O
's	O
important	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
make	O
to	O
be	O
as	O
distinctive	O
as	O
possible	O
while	O
still	O
retaining	O
links	O
to	O
the	O
parent	O
company	O
's	O
quality	O
image	O
.	O


He	O
applauds	O
Toyota	B-ORG
and	O
Nissan	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
for	O
creating	O
separate	O
divisions	O
for	O
their	O
new	O
luxury	O
models	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
simply	O
adding	O
more	O
nameplates	O
to	O
their	O
standard	O
car	O
lines	O
.	O


Some	O
auto	O
executives	O
believe	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
more	O
choice	O
outweigh	O
the	O
drawbacks	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
's	O
more	O
noise	O
out	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
consumer	O
may	O
have	O
to	O
work	O
harder	O
to	O
cut	O
through	O
it	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Vincent	B-PERSON
P.	I-PERSON
Barabba	I-PERSON
,	O
executive	O
director	O
of	O
market	O
research	O
and	O
planning	O
at	O
General	B-ORG
Motors	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
reward	O
is	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
less	O
need	O
to	O
make	O
tradeoffs	O
''	O
in	O
choosing	O
one	O
's	O
wheels	O
.	O


Jeanene	B-PERSON
Page	I-PERSON
,	O
of	O
North	B-GPE
Salt	I-GPE
Lake	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
Utah	B-GPE
,	O
likes	O
the	O
broader	O
selection	O
.	O


She	O
wants	O
something	O
big	O
,	O
and	O
already	O
has	O
looked	O
at	O
the	O
Chrysler	B-ORG
New	B-PRODUCT
Yorker	I-PRODUCT
and	O
Lincoln	B-ORG
Town	B-PRODUCT
Car	I-PRODUCT
.	O


Now	O
,	O
the	O
55	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
car	O
shopper	O
is	O
zeroing	O
in	O
on	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
sized	O
van	O
,	O
figuring	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
the	O
thing	O
to	O
haul	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
grandchildren	O
and	O
pull	O
a	O
boat	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O


``	O
That	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
what	O
all	O
my	O
friends	O
are	O
using	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
grandkids	O
to	O
the	O
lake	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
says	O
.	O


Market	O
segmentation	O
in	O
cars	O
is	O
n't	O
new	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
far	O
more	O
extensive	O
than	O
when	O
Alfred	B-PERSON
P.	I-PERSON
Sloan	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
conceived	O
the	O
idea	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
legendary	O
GM	B-ORG
chairman	O
declared	O
that	O
his	O
company	O
would	O
make	O
``	O
a	O
car	O
for	O
every	O
purse	O
and	O
purpose	O
.	O
''	O


Now	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
cars	O
for	O
every	O
purse	O
and	O
purpose	O
.	O


Just	B-DATE
four	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
GM	B-ORG
planners	O
divided	O
the	O
combined	O
car	O
and	O
truck	O
market	O
into	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
segments	O
.	O


Today	O
,	O
they	O
identify	O
19	B-CARDINAL
distinct	O
segments	O
for	O
cars	O
,	O
and	O
another	B-CARDINAL
11	I-CARDINAL
for	O
trucks	O
and	O
vans	O
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
makes	O
has	O
mushroomed	O
because	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
biggest	O
and	O
richest	O
market	O
for	O
automobiles	O
;	O
virtually	O
every	O
auto	O
maker	O
wants	O
to	O
sell	O
here	O
.	O


For	O
every	O
brand	O
like	O
Renault	B-ORG
or	O
Fiat	B-ORG
that	O
has	O
been	O
squeezed	O
out	O
,	O
others	O
such	O
as	O
Isuzu	B-ORG
,	O
Daihatsu	B-ORG
and	O
Mitsubishi	B-ORG
have	O
come	O
in	O
.	O


Detroit	B-GPE
tries	O
to	O
counter	O
the	O
foreign	O
invasion	O
with	O
new	O
brands	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
.	O


GM	B-ORG
launched	O
the	O
Geo	B-PRODUCT
marque	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
sell	O
cars	O
made	O
in	O
partnership	O
with	O
foreign	O
auto	O
makers	O
,	O
and	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
GM	B-ORG
's	O
long	O
-	O
awaited	O
Saturn	B-PRODUCT
cars	O
will	O
make	O
their	O
debut	O
.	O


Ford	B-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
created	O
the	O
Merkur	B-ORG
nameplate	O
in	O
1985	B-DATE
to	O
sell	O
its	O
German	B-NORP
-	O
made	O
touring	O
sedans	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
slow	O
sales	O
forced	O
Ford	B-ORG
to	O
kill	O
the	O
brand	O
just	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


When	O
consumers	O
have	O
so	O
many	O
choices	O
,	O
brand	O
loyalty	O
is	O
much	O
harder	O
to	O
maintain	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
``	O
American	B-WORK_OF_ART
Way	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Buying	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
survey	O
found	O
that	O
53	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
car	O
buyers	O
tend	O
to	O
switch	O
brands	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
survey	O
,	O
Peter	B-ORG
D.	I-ORG
Hart	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Associates	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Roper	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
each	O
asked	O
about	B-CARDINAL
2,000	I-CARDINAL
U.S.	B-GPE
consumers	O
about	O
their	O
buying	O
habits	O
.	O


Which	O
cars	O
do	O
Americans	B-NORP
favor	O
most	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
?	O


It	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
generalize	O
,	O
but	O
age	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
predictor	O
.	O


Adults	O
under	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
like	O
sports	O
cars	O
,	O
luxury	O
cars	O
,	O
convertibles	O
and	O
imports	O
far	O
more	O
than	O
their	O
elders	O
do	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
of	O
every	O
10	B-CARDINAL
buyers	O
under	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
would	O
prefer	O
to	O
buy	O
a	O
sports	O
car	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
just	B-PERCENT
16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
adults	O
30	B-DATE
and	O
over	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
Journal	B-ORG
survey	O
.	O


Young	O
consumers	O
prefer	O
luxury	O
cars	O
by	O
a	O
37	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
28	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
margin	O
--	O
even	O
though	O
older	O
buyers	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
incomes	O
,	O
are	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
actually	O
purchase	O
a	O
luxury	O
car	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
most	O
striking	O
,	O
35	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
households	O
headed	O
by	O
people	O
aged	O
18	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
44	I-DATE
have	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
foreign	O
car	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
true	O
of	O
only	B-PERCENT
14	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
households	O
headed	O
by	O
someone	O
60	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
older	I-DATE
.	O


Generally	O
,	O
imports	O
appeal	O
most	O
to	O
Americans	B-NORP
who	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
and	O
are	O
well	O
-	O
educated	O
,	O
affluent	O
and	O
,	O
especially	O
,	O
young	O
.	O


``	O
For	O
many	O
baby	O
boomers	O
,	O
buying	O
a	O
domestic	O
car	O
is	O
a	O
totally	O
foreign	O
experience	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Christopher	B-PERSON
Cedergren	I-PERSON
,	O
auto	O
-	O
market	O
analyst	O
with	O
J.D.	B-ORG
Power	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	O
Agoura	B-GPE
Hills	I-GPE
,	O
Calif	B-GPE
.	O


Such	O
preferences	O
persist	O
even	O
though	O
many	O
Americans	B-NORP
believe	O
differences	O
between	O
imported	O
and	O
domestic	O
cars	O
are	O
diminishing	O
.	O


Only	B-PERCENT
58	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Americans	B-NORP
now	B-DATE
believe	O
that	O
foreign	O
cars	O
get	O
better	O
gas	O
mileage	O
than	O
domestic	O
models	O
,	O
the	O
Journal	B-ORG
survey	O
found	O
,	O
down	O
from	O
68	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1987	B-DATE
.	O


Some	B-PERCENT
46	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
give	O
foreign	O
cars	O
higher	O
quality	O
ratings	O
,	O
down	O
from	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
only	B-PERCENT
42	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
say	O
foreign	O
cars	O
are	O
less	O
comfortable	O
than	O
U.S.	B-GPE
models	O
,	O
down	O
from	O
55	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1987	B-DATE
.	O


People	O
in	O
the	O
automotive	O
business	O
disagree	O
over	O
how	O
susceptible	O
younger	O
Americans	B-NORP
are	O
to	O
brand	O
switching	O
.	O


``	O
Once	O
buying	O
habits	O
are	O
formed	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
very	O
hard	O
to	O
break	O
,	O
''	O
declares	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
Mignanelli	I-PERSON
,	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
for	O
Nissan	B-ORG
's	O
U.S.	B-GPE
sales	O
operations	O
.	O


But	O
out	O
on	O
Cobb	B-FAC
Parkway	I-FAC
,	O
Ted	B-PERSON
Negas	I-PERSON
sees	O
it	O
differently	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
competition	O
is	O
so	O
intense	O
that	O
an	O
owner	O
's	O
loyalty	O
to	O
a	O
dealership	O
or	O
a	O
car	O
is	O
virtually	O
nonexistent	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Negas	B-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
Ed	B-ORG
Voyles	I-ORG
Oldsmobile	I-ORG
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
dealerships	O
to	O
locate	O
on	O
the	O
strip	O
.	O


Thus	O
the	O
very	O
fickleness	O
of	O
baby	O
boomers	O
may	O
make	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
win	O
them	O
back	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
possible	O
to	O
lose	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
battle	O
for	O
customer	O
loyalty	O
is	O
evident	O
along	O
the	O
Cobb	B-FAC
Parkway	I-FAC
strip	O
.	O


Ed	B-ORG
Voyles	I-ORG
Olds	I-ORG
recently	O
established	O
a	O
special	O
section	O
in	O
the	O
service	O
department	O
for	O
owners	O
whose	O
cars	O
are	O
less	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
so	O
they	O
get	O
quicker	O
service	O
.	O


Just	O
down	O
the	O
street	O
,	O
Chris	B-ORG
Volvo	I-ORG
invites	O
serious	O
shoppers	O
to	O
test	O
-	O
drive	O
a	O
new	O
Volvo	B-ORG
to	O
any	O
other	O
dealership	O
along	O
the	O
strip	O
,	O
and	O
compare	O
the	O
cars	O
side	O
-	O
by	O
-	O
side	O
.	O


Manufacturers	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
are	O
stretching	O
further	O
to	O
lure	O
buyers	O
.	O


GM	B-ORG
's	O
Cadillac	B-ORG
division	O
,	O
ignoring	O
Detroit	B-GPE
's	O
long	O
-	O
held	O
maxim	O
that	O
safety	O
does	O
n't	O
sell	O
,	O
is	O
airing	O
television	O
commercials	O
touting	O
its	O
cars	O
'	O
safety	O
features	O
.	O


Cadillac	B-ORG
may	O
be	O
on	O
to	O
something	O
.	O


Some	B-PERCENT
60	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
survey	O
respondents	O
said	O
they	O
would	O
buy	O
anti-lock	O
brakes	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
carry	O
a	O
medium	O
or	O
high	O
price	O
tag	O
.	O


More	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
felt	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
about	O
air	O
bags	O
.	O


Both	O
features	O
appealed	O
most	O
to	O
buyers	O
under	B-DATE
45	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
contrast	O
,	O
dashboard	O
computers	O
,	O
power	O
seats	O
and	O
turbo	O
-	O
charged	O
engines	O
had	O
little	O
appeal	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
a	O
little	O
appeal	O
has	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
attraction	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


GM	B-ORG
's	O
Pontiac	B-ORG
division	O
is	O
offering	O
a	O
turbo	O
-	O
charged	O
V	O
-	O
6	O
engine	O
on	O
its	O
Grand	B-PRODUCT
Prix	I-PRODUCT
model	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
it	O
expects	O
to	O
sell	O
only	B-CARDINAL
about	I-CARDINAL
4,000	I-CARDINAL
cars	O
equipped	O
with	O
that	O
option	O
.	O


The	O
reason	O
:	O
Items	O
with	O
narrow	O
appeal	O
can	O
be	O
important	O
in	O
a	O
market	O
as	O
fragmented	O
as	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
.	O


Americans	B-NORP
spent	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
190	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
on	O
new	O
cars	O
and	O
trucks	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
just	B-PERCENT
1	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
that	O
market	O
exceeded	O
Polaroid	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
sales	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1.86	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


``	O
Even	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
only	B-PERCENT
1	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
''	O
says	O
GM	B-ORG
's	O
Mr.	O
Barabba	B-PERSON
,	O
``	O
would	O
you	O
throw	O
away	O
sales	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
Polaroid	B-ORG
?	O
''	O


American	B-ORG
Telephone	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Telegraph	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
will	O
lay	O
off	O
75	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
85	I-CARDINAL
technicians	O
here	O
,	O
effective	O
Nov.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
workers	O
install	O
,	O
maintain	O
and	O
repair	O
its	O
private	O
branch	O
exchanges	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
large	O
intracompany	O
telephone	O
networks	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
California	B-GPE
crime	O
saga	O
worthy	O
of	O
an	O
Erle	B-PERSON
Stanley	I-PERSON
Gardner	I-PERSON
title	O
:	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Case	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Purloined	I-WORK_OF_ART
Palm	I-WORK_OF_ART
Trees	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Edward	B-PERSON
Carlson	I-PERSON
awoke	O
one	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
to	O
find	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
holes	O
in	O
his	O
front	O
yard	O
where	O
his	O
prized	O
miniature	O
palms	O
,	O
called	O
cycads	O
,	O
once	O
stood	O
.	O


Days	B-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
thieves	O
returned	O
and	O
dug	O
out	O
more	O
,	O
this	O
time	O
adding	O
insult	O
to	O
injury	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
they	O
left	O
the	O
shovel	O
.	O
''	O


No	O
garden	O
-	O
variety	O
crime	O
,	O
palm	O
-	O
tree	O
rustling	O
is	O
sprouting	O
up	O
all	O
over	O
Southern	B-LOC
California	I-LOC
,	O
bringing	O
big	O
bucks	O
to	O
crooks	O
who	O
know	O
their	O
botany	O
.	O


Cycads	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
Sago	O
Palm	O
,	O
are	O
doll	O
-	O
sized	O
versions	O
of	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
famous	O
long	O
-	O
necked	O
palms	O
,	O
with	O
stubby	O
trunks	O
and	O
fern	O
-	O
like	O
fronds	O
.	O


Because	O
the	O
Sago	O
is	O
relatively	O
rare	O
and	O
grows	O
only	B-QUANTITY
a	I-QUANTITY
couple	I-QUANTITY
of	I-QUANTITY
inches	I-QUANTITY
a	O
year	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
pricey	O
lawn	O
decoration	O
:	O
A	O
two	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
tall	O
Sago	O
can	O
retail	O
for	O
$	O
1,000	B-MONEY
,	O
and	O
taller	O
ones	O
often	O
fetch	O
$	O
3,000	B-MONEY
or	O
more	O
.	O


``	O
Evidently	O
,	O
somebody	O
has	O
realized	O
it	O
's	O
easy	O
money	O
to	O
steal	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Loran	B-PERSON
Whitelock	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
research	O
associate	O
specializing	O
in	O
cycads	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Los	I-FAC
Angeles	I-FAC
State	I-FAC
and	I-FAC
County	I-FAC
Arboretum	I-FAC
.	O


Just	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
would	O
-	O
be	O
thieves	O
damaged	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Sagos	O
at	O
Mr.	O
Whitelock	B-PERSON
's	O
home	O
in	O
the	O
Eagle	B-LOC
Rock	I-LOC
section	O
before	O
something	O
frightened	O
them	O
off	O
,	O
foiled	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
think	O
someone	O
is	O
raping	O
your	O
garden	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Police	O
suspect	O
that	O
the	O
criminals	O
,	O
who	O
dig	O
up	O
the	O
plants	O
in	O
the	O
dead	O
of	O
night	B-TIME
,	O
are	O
selling	O
them	O
to	O
nurseries	O
or	O
landscapers	O
.	O


The	O
Sago	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
popular	O
accent	O
in	O
tony	O
new	O
housing	O
tracts	O
,	O
apparently	O
giving	O
the	O
rustlers	O
a	O
ready	O
market	O
for	O
their	O
filched	O
fronds	O
.	O


Thieves	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
find	O
``	O
anybody	O
who	O
has	O
enough	O
bucks	O
to	O
plant	O
these	O
things	O
in	O
their	O
front	O
yard	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
William	B-PERSON
Morrissey	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
investigator	O
with	O
the	O
police	O
department	O
in	O
Garden	B-GPE
Grove	I-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
five	B-CARDINAL
such	O
thefts	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
several	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
department	O
is	O
advising	O
residents	O
to	O
plant	O
Sagos	O
,	O
if	O
they	O
must	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
yard	O
and	O
telling	O
nurseries	B-ORG
to	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
lookout	O
for	O
anyone	O
trying	O
to	O
palm	O
one	O
off	O
.	O


But	O
for	O
those	O
Californians	B-NORP
who	O
want	O
exotic	O
gardens	O
out	O
front	O
where	O
neighbors	O
can	O
appreciate	O
them	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
always	O
Harold	B-PERSON
Smith	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
approach	O
.	O


After	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Sagos	O
were	O
stolen	O
from	O
his	O
home	O
in	O
Garden	B-GPE
Grove	I-GPE
,	O
``	O
I	O
put	O
a	O
big	O
iron	O
stake	O
in	O
the	O
ground	O
and	O
tied	O
the	O
tree	O
to	O
the	O
stake	O
with	O
a	O
chain	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
proudly	O
.	O


``	O
And	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
cut	O
this	O
chain	O
with	O
bolt	O
cutters	O
.	O


Program	O
trading	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
in	O
September	B-DATE
rose	O
to	O
its	O
highest	O
recorded	O
level	O
as	O
a	O
percentage	O
of	O
total	O
monthly	B-DATE
trading	O
volume	O
.	O


September	B-DATE
program	O
trading	O
amounted	O
to	O
13.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
average	O
daily	B-DATE
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
volume	O
of	O
151.8	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
,	O
the	O
largest	O
percentage	O
since	O
the	O
exchange	O
began	O
making	O
such	O
figures	O
public	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
daily	B-DATE
average	O
of	O
20.9	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
traded	O
in	O
program	O
strategies	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
-	O
highest	O
level	O
ever	O
.	O


The	O
highest	O
level	O
was	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
1989	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
a	O
daily	B-DATE
average	O
of	O
22.1	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
traded	O
in	O
program	O
strategies	O
.	O


Average	O
daily	B-DATE
trading	O
volume	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
of	O
180.3	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
was	O
considerably	O
higher	O
than	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
.	O


Program	O
trading	O
amounted	O
to	O
12.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
average	O
daily	B-DATE
volume	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
says	O
program	O
trading	O
describes	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
strategies	O
involving	O
the	O
purchase	O
or	O
sale	O
of	O
a	O
basket	O
of	O
15	B-CARDINAL
or	O
more	O
stocks	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
controversial	O
of	O
these	O
is	O
stock	O
-	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
traders	O
buy	O
or	O
sell	O
baskets	O
of	O
stocks	O
and	O
offset	O
the	O
position	O
with	O
an	O
opposite	O
trade	O
in	O
stock	O
-	O
index	O
futures	O
to	O
lock	O
in	O
profits	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
most	O
controversial	O
form	O
of	O
program	O
trading	O
because	O
it	O
can	O
create	O
abrupt	O
price	O
swings	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
.	O


Salomon	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
was	O
the	O
top	O
program	O
trader	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
firm	O
's	O
activity	O
involved	O
portfolio	O
trading	O
strategies	O
other	O
than	O
stock	O
-	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
.	O


Overall	O
,	O
Salomon	B-ORG
reported	O
program	O
trading	O
volume	O
of	O
75.2	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


The	O
top	O
stock	O
-	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
firm	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
was	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


Of	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
66.8	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
in	O
program	O
trades	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
53.1	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
were	O
in	O
stock	O
-	O
index	O
arbitrage	O
trades	O
.	O


Behind	O
second	O
-	O
place	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
were	O
Kidder	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Peabody	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Goldman	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Sachs	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
CS	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
First	B-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
unit	O
.	O


A	O
group	O
of	O
shareholders	O
filed	O
suit	O
against	O
Imperial	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
,	O
Drexel	B-ORG
Burnham	I-ORG
Lambert	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
First	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
others	O
,	O
charging	O
them	O
with	O
artificially	O
inflating	O
Imperial	B-ORG
's	O
stock	O
price	O
to	O
protect	O
certain	O
major	O
investors	O
.	O


The	O
complaint	O
,	O
filed	O
in	O
federal	O
district	O
court	O
,	O
accuses	O
Imperial	B-ORG
and	O
other	O
defendants	O
of	O
issuing	O
false	O
and	O
misleading	O
financial	O
data	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
charges	O
that	O
Imperial	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
holding	O
company	O
for	O
Imperial	B-ORG
Savings	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Loan	I-ORG
,	O
experienced	O
major	O
losses	O
and	O
writedowns	O
because	O
of	O
improper	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
risks	O
of	O
junk	O
-	O
bond	O
investments	O
and	O
wholesale	O
consumer	O
loan	O
packages	O
.	O


The	O
suit	O
seeks	O
unspecified	O
damages	O
.	O


Imperial	B-ORG
is	O
in	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
reducing	O
its	O
junk	O
-	O
bond	O
holdings	O
and	O
getting	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
investment	O
banking	O
business	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
traditional	O
thrift	O
activities	O
.	O


The	O
derivative	O
suit	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
class	O
-	O
action	O
complaint	O
filed	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Imperial	B-ORG
said	O
in	O
a	O
statement	O
it	O
expects	O
other	O
complaints	O
to	O
be	O
filed	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
suit	O
and	O
a	O
recent	O
article	O
in	O
Barron	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
magazine	O
that	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
problems	O
.	O


Although	O
an	O
Imperial	B-ORG
spokesman	O
said	O
the	O
company	O
had	O
n't	O
yet	O
been	O
served	O
with	O
the	O
derivative	O
suit	O
,	O
he	O
reiterated	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
statement	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
vigorously	O
defend	O
itself	O
against	O
the	O
class	O
-	O
action	O
suit	O
.	O


Spokesmen	O
at	O
Drexel	B-ORG
and	O
First	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
said	O
the	O
companies	O
had	O
n't	O
yet	O
been	O
served	O
with	O
the	O
suit	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
separate	O
complaint	O
also	O
filed	O
in	O
federal	O
court	O
here	O
,	O
shareholder	O
Max	B-PERSON
Grill	I-PERSON
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
charged	O
Imperial	B-ORG
,	O
its	O
top	O
executives	O
and	O
directors	O
with	O
breach	O
of	O
fiduciary	O
duty	O
and	O
squandering	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
assets	O
.	O


Imperial	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
had	O
n't	O
been	O
served	O
with	O
this	O
suit	O
either	O
.	O


Companies	O
listed	O
below	O
reported	O
quarterly	B-DATE
profit	O
substantially	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
average	O
of	O
analysts	O
'	O
estimates	O
.	O


The	O
companies	O
are	O
followed	O
by	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
analysts	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
minimum	O
five	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
change	O
in	O
actual	O
earnings	O
per	O
share	O
.	O


Estimated	O
and	O
actual	O
results	O
involving	O
losses	O
are	O
omitted	O
.	O


The	O
percent	O
difference	O
compares	O
actual	O
profit	O
with	O
the	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
estimate	O
where	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
analysts	O
have	O
issues	O
forecasts	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Otherwise	O
,	O
actual	O
profit	O
is	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
300	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
estimate	O
.	O


Rhone	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Poulenc	I-ORG
S.A.	I-ORG
,	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
it	O
completed	O
the	O
purchase	O
of	O
the	O
specialty	O
chemicals	O
operation	O
of	O
RTZ	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
British	B-NORP
mining	O
and	O
industrial	O
group	O
.	O


Rhone	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Poulenc	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
chemical	O
and	O
pharmaceutical	O
company	O
,	O
said	O
RTZ	B-ORG
Chemicals	I-ORG
has	O
annual	B-DATE
sales	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
900	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


It	O
did	O
n't	O
release	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
transaction	O
.	O


Consumer	O
spending	O
in	O
Britain	B-GPE
rose	O
0.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
from	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
and	O
was	O
up	O
3.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Statistical	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
estimated	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


A	O
group	O
including	O
Gene	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
Phillips	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
chairman	O
of	O
Southmark	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
William	B-PERSON
S.	I-PERSON
Friedman	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
vice	O
chairman	O
of	O
Southmark	B-ORG
,	O
lowered	O
its	O
stake	O
in	O
the	O
Dallas	B-GPE
real	O
estate	O
concern	O
to	O
7.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
filing	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
group	O
said	O
it	O
sold	O
455,410	B-CARDINAL
Southmark	B-ORG
common	O
shares	O
from	O
Sept.	B-DATE
5	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
Oct.	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
for	O
18.75	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
25	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
.	O


The	O
filing	O
said	O
the	O
group	O
continues	O
to	O
hold	O
3,481,887	B-CARDINAL
remaining	O
shares	O
.	O


Eastman	B-ORG
Kodak	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
seeking	O
to	O
position	O
itself	O
in	O
the	O
potentially	O
huge	O
high	O
-	O
definition	O
television	O
market	O
,	O
unveiled	O
a	O
converter	O
that	O
can	O
transform	O
conventional	O
motion	O
-	O
picture	O
film	O
into	O
high	O
-	O
definition	O
video	O
.	O


The	O
move	O
also	O
helps	O
the	O
Rochester	B-GPE
,	O
N.Y.	B-GPE
,	O
photographic	O
giant	O
ensure	O
that	O
its	O
motion	O
-	O
picture	O
film	O
business	O
--	O
for	O
which	O
it	O
holds	O
a	O
virtual	O
monopoly	O
,	O
supplying	O
every	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
movie	O
company	O
--	O
is	O
n't	O
made	O
obsolete	O
by	O
the	O
upstart	O
HDTV	O
business	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
prototype	O
converter	O
is	O
costly	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
being	O
lauded	O
by	O
the	O
infant	O
HDTV	O
industry	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
increasing	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
quality	O
shows	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
on	O
the	O
new	O
medium	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
industry	O
has	O
been	O
waiting	O
with	O
bated	O
breath	O
for	O
the	O
machines	O
to	O
come	O
along	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
David	B-PERSON
Niles	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Eleven	B-ORG
Twenty	I-ORG
Five	I-ORG
Productions	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
pioneer	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
definition	O
programming	O
.	O


He	O
notes	O
that	O
industry	O
executives	O
have	O
until	O
now	O
worried	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
face	O
a	O
severe	O
shortage	O
of	O
programs	O
once	O
consumers	O
begin	O
replacing	O
their	O
TV	O
sets	O
with	O
HDTVs	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
electronic	O
giants	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Sony	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
Hitachi	B-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
have	O
focused	O
almost	O
entirely	O
on	O
HDTV	O
hardware	O
,	O
and	O
virtually	O
ignored	O
software	O
or	O
programs	O
shot	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
definition	O
.	O


And	O
only	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
small	O
U.S.	B-GPE
companies	O
are	O
engaged	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
definition	O
software	O
development	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
estimated	O
that	O
just	B-TIME
about	I-TIME
250	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
HD	O
programming	O
is	O
currently	O
available	O
for	O
airing	O
.	O


Kodak	B-ORG
says	O
its	O
new	O
CCD	B-PRODUCT
HDTV	O
converter	O
will	O
help	O
alleviate	O
the	O
problem	O
by	O
allowing	O
programmers	O
and	O
broadcasters	O
to	O
convert	O
movies	O
and	O
television	O
programs	O
shot	O
in	O
35mm	B-QUANTITY
motion	O
-	O
picture	O
film	O
into	O
high	O
-	O
definition	O
video	O
.	O


Consumers	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
switch	O
on	O
their	O
HDTV	O
sets	O
and	O
get	O
all	O
the	O
viewing	O
benefits	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
medium	O
offers	O
.	O


Otherwise	O
,	O
they	O
'd	O
be	O
watching	O
programs	O
that	O
are	O
no	O
different	O
in	O
quality	O
from	O
what	O
they	O
currently	O
view	O
on	O
color	O
TVs	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
like	O
``	O
watching	O
a	O
black	O
and	O
white	O
movie	O
on	O
a	O
color	O
TV	O
set	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Malcolm	B-PERSON
G.	I-PERSON
Saull	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
film	O
and	O
video	O
department	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Rochester	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
new	O
converters	O
are	O
``	O
a	O
critical	O
link	O
between	O
film	O
and	O
the	O
television	O
domain	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Joerg	B-PERSON
D.	I-PERSON
Agin	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
Kodak	B-ORG
's	O
Motion	B-ORG
Picture	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Audiovisual	I-ORG
Products	I-ORG
division	O
.	O


Kodak	B-ORG
wo	O
n't	O
disclose	O
the	O
cost	O
or	O
when	O
its	O
converter	O
will	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
estimated	O
the	O
machine	O
may	O
be	O
available	O
within	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
similar	O
machine	O
already	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
made	O
by	O
Rank	B-ORG
Sintel	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
Rank	B-ORG
Organisation	I-ORG
,	O
costs	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
500,000	I-MONEY
.	O


And	O
the	O
potential	O
market	O
is	O
tremendous	O
,	O
industry	O
experts	O
say	O
.	O


If	O
HDTV	O
takes	O
off	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
demand	O
for	O
some	B-CARDINAL
4,000	I-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
5,000	I-CARDINAL
HDTV	O
converters	O
,	O
known	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
as	O
telecines	O
.	O


Demand	O
will	O
come	O
first	O
from	O
programming	O
production	O
companies	O
and	O
then	O
from	O
television	O
stations	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
converter	O
is	O
head	O
and	O
shoulders	O
above	O
anything	O
else	O
I	O
've	O
seen	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Richard	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Stumpf	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
-	O
engineering	O
and	O
development	O
at	O
MCA	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Universal	B-ORG
City	I-ORG
Studios	I-ORG
.	O


And	O
Mr.	O
Niles	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
program	O
producer	O
,	O
contends	O
that	O
Kodak	B-ORG
's	O
move	O
is	O
``	O
a	O
sound	O
marketing	O
decision	O
.	O


They	O
ca	O
n't	O
afford	O
to	O
stay	O
out	O
of	O
HDTV	O
.	O
''	O


Indeed	O
,	O
the	O
stakes	O
are	O
high	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
electronics	O
industry	O
estimates	O
that	O
the	O
HDTV	O
market	O
will	O
total	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
decades	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
an	B-MONEY
additional	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
expected	O
to	O
go	O
for	O
related	O
products	O
.	O


HDTVs	O
break	O
down	O
images	O
into	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
1,100	I-CARDINAL
lines	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
525	B-CARDINAL
for	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
televisions	O
,	O
providing	O
considerably	O
sharper	O
detail	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
sets	O
are	O
wider	O
,	O
resembling	O
the	O
dimensions	O
of	O
a	O
movie	O
screen	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
financial	O
rewards	O
are	O
n't	O
expected	O
soon	O
,	O
nor	O
are	O
they	O
guaranteed	O
.	O


Experts	O
estimate	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
sets	O
of	O
HDTVs	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
available	O
for	O
another	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
will	O
probably	O
retail	O
for	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
3,000	I-MONEY
each	O
in	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
dollars	O
.	O


Some	O
critics	O
say	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
quickly	O
embraced	O
by	O
consumers	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
price	O
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
Kodak	B-ORG
could	O
n't	O
risk	O
letting	O
HDTV	O
turn	O
its	O
motion	O
-	O
picture	O
film	O
business	O
into	O
a	O
dinosaur	O
.	O


``	O
Kodak	B-ORG
understands	O
HDTV	O
is	O
where	O
everybody	O
is	O
going	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
RIT	B-ORG
's	O
Mr.	O
Spaull	B-PERSON
.	O


Yet	O
another	O
political	O
scandal	O
is	O
racking	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
this	O
time	O
it	O
's	O
hurting	O
opposition	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
ruling	O
-	O
party	O
members	O
.	O


And	O
as	O
it	O
unfolds	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
revealing	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
tangled	O
and	O
seamier	O
aspects	O
of	O
Japanese	B-NORP
society	O
.	O


Already	O
,	O
ruling	O
Liberal	B-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
demands	O
that	O
opposition	O
members	O
testify	O
under	O
oath	O
in	O
parliament	O
have	O
stalled	O
one	B-CARDINAL
budget	O
committee	O
session	O
and	O
forced	O
the	O
committee	O
to	O
plan	O
a	O
special	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
investigation	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
the	O
scandal	O
itself	O
is	O
so	O
convoluted	O
that	O
ruling	O
-	O
party	O
members	O
are	O
divided	O
between	O
those	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
pursue	O
the	O
matter	O
in	O
hope	O
of	O
undermining	O
the	O
opposition	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
favor	O
leaving	O
well	O
enough	O
alone	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
opposition	O
can	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
hurt	O
because	O
everyone	O
already	O
figures	O
the	O
LDP	B-ORG
is	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
beast	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Shigezo	B-PERSON
Hayasaka	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
aide	O
to	O
LDP	B-ORG
kingmaker	O
Kakuei	B-PERSON
Tanaka	I-PERSON
and	O
now	O
an	O
independent	O
analyst	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
he	O
adds	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
ca	O
n't	O
tell	O
where	O
it	O
will	O
go	O
at	O
all	O
because	O
we	O
're	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
scandal	O
centers	O
on	O
donations	O
made	O
by	O
the	O
not	O
-	O
quite	O
-	O
mainstream	O
pachinko	O
parlor	O
industry	O
.	O


Pachinko	O
,	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
pinball	O
,	O
is	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
favorite	O
form	O
of	O
legal	O
gambling	O
.	O


The	O
donations	O
so	O
far	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
small	O
,	O
especially	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
huge	O
sums	O
that	O
changed	O
hands	O
in	O
the	O
Recruit	B-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
influence	O
-	O
peddling	O
scandal	O
that	O
plagued	O
the	O
ruling	O
party	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
the	O
implications	O
could	O
be	O
great	O
.	O


Pachinko	O
is	O
slightly	O
on	O
the	O
shady	O
side	O
,	O
often	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
lower	O
ranks	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
underworld	O
and	O
regularly	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
annual	B-DATE
lists	O
of	O
tax	O
evaders	O
.	O


Recently	O
the	O
industry	O
has	O
faced	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
new	O
restrictions	O
,	O
and	O
political	O
donations	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
with	O
the	O
intent	O
to	O
bribe	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
about	B-PERCENT
60	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
pachinko	O
parlor	O
owners	O
are	O
Korean	B-NORP
,	O
many	O
of	O
whom	O
maintain	O
close	O
ties	O
with	O
North	B-NORP
or	I-NORP
South	I-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
residents	O
'	O
organizations	O
,	O
and	O
donations	O
by	O
such	O
foreign	O
groups	O
are	O
illegal	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


To	O
many	O
Japanese	B-NORP
,	O
pachinko	O
is	O
benign	O
or	O
enticingly	O
unsavory	O
.	O


Garish	O
neon	O
pachinko	O
marquees	O
blaze	O
from	O
the	O
main	O
streets	O
and	O
narrow	O
alleys	O
of	O
cities	O
and	O
towns	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Devotees	O
pass	O
hours	B-TIME
,	O
watching	O
the	O
lights	O
blink	O
and	O
listening	O
to	O
the	O
metal	O
balls	O
ping	O
,	O
as	O
much	O
to	O
gamble	O
as	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
little	O
time	O
to	O
be	O
anonymous	O
,	O
alone	O
with	O
their	O
thoughts	O
.	O


At	O
500	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	O
3.60	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
for	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
balls	O
,	O
pachinko	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
pastime	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
since	O
it	O
took	O
root	O
as	O
cheap	O
entertainment	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
.	O


But	O
the	O
total	O
of	O
all	O
those	O
pinging	O
balls	O
has	O
created	O
an	O
industry	O
with	O
a	O
reported	O
annual	B-DATE
income	O
of	O
13	B-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
almost	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
92	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
or	O
nearly	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
vaunted	O
automobile	O
industry	O
.	O


And	O
because	O
the	O
pachinko	O
industry	O
is	O
regularly	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
annual	B-DATE
lists	O
for	O
tax	O
evasion	O
,	O
some	O
observers	O
estimate	O
the	O
real	O
income	O
could	O
be	O
as	B-MONEY
much	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


If	O
that	O
money	O
were	O
being	O
taxed	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
bring	O
the	O
government	O
a	O
badly	O
needed	O
several	B-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


In	O
1984	B-DATE
,	O
an	O
attempt	O
was	O
made	O
to	O
crack	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
industry	O
with	O
tougher	O
restrictions	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
proposal	O
to	O
keep	O
better	O
track	O
of	O
income	O
by	O
selling	O
prepaid	O
cards	O
for	O
pachinko	O
was	O
fielded	O
in	O
parliament	O
.	O


The	O
proposal	O
split	O
the	O
industry	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
,	O
along	O
the	O
lines	O
of	O
national	O
origin	O
:	O
North	B-NORP
Koreans	I-NORP
oppose	O
the	O
plan	O
while	O
South	B-NORP
Koreans	I-NORP
,	O
Japanese	B-NORP
and	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
accept	O
it	O
or	O
are	O
neutral	O
.	O


In	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
conservative	O
weekly	B-DATE
magazine	O
reported	O
that	O
a	O
pachinko	O
industry	O
organization	O
donated	O
money	O
to	O
Japan	B-ORG
Socialist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
members	O
.	O


The	O
magazine	O
alleged	O
that	O
in	O
making	O
the	O
donations	O
,	O
the	O
pachinko	O
industry	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
offering	O
bribes	O
to	O
win	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
battle	O
against	O
prepaid	O
cards	O
,	O
or	O
it	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
laundering	O
money	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
between	O
the	O
JSP	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
North	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
residents	O
'	O
organization	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Chosen	I-ORG
Soren	I-ORG
.	O


The	B-ORG
Chosen	I-ORG
Soren	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
JSP	B-ORG
immediately	O
denied	O
the	O
report	O
.	O


And	O
at	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
neither	O
the	O
opposition	O
nor	O
the	O
LDP	B-ORG
wanted	O
to	O
pursue	O
the	O
issue	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
press	O
kept	O
it	O
alive	O
;	O
as	O
with	O
the	O
Recruit	B-ORG
scandal	O
,	O
lists	O
began	O
circulating	O
with	O
names	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
had	O
received	O
money	O
.	O


Within	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
weeks	B-DATE
,	O
less	O
-	O
conservative	O
magazines	O
reported	O
that	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
ruling	O
LDP	B-ORG
had	O
received	O
much	O
larger	O
donations	O
from	O
pachinko	O
organizations	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
no	O
allegations	O
that	O
the	O
contributions	O
the	O
LDP	B-ORG
members	O
received	O
amounted	O
to	O
bribes	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
camps	O
upped	O
the	O
ante	O
:	O
Reports	O
that	O
Chosen	B-ORG
Soren	I-ORG
had	O
donated	O
directly	O
to	O
JSP	B-ORG
members	O
were	O
rapidly	O
countered	O
by	O
statements	O
that	O
the	O
South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
residents	O
'	O
organization	O
had	O
long	O
been	O
donating	O
directly	O
to	O
LDP	B-ORG
members	O
.	O


The	O
JSP	B-ORG
admitted	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
that	O
its	O
members	O
received	O
about	B-MONEY
eight	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
the	O
pachinko	O
organization	O
,	O
and	O
charged	O
LDP	B-ORG
members	O
with	O
receiving	O
125	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	O
880,000	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
and	O
other	O
opposition	O
parties	O
with	O
taking	O
about	B-MONEY
2.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


On	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
chief	O
cabinet	O
secretary	O
announced	O
that	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
cabinet	O
ministers	O
had	O
received	O
five	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
the	O
industry	O
,	O
including	O
450,000	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	O
3,175	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
by	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Toshiki	B-PERSON
Kaifu	I-PERSON
.	O


No	O
one	O
has	O
alleged	O
that	O
the	O
donations	O
were	O
by	O
themselves	O
illegal	O
.	O


Direct	O
donations	O
from	O
either	O
of	O
the	O
residents	O
'	O
organizations	O
would	O
be	O
illegal	O
because	O
the	O
groups	O
are	O
defined	O
as	O
foreign	O
,	O
but	O
both	O
groups	O
deny	O
making	O
direct	O
donations	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
it	O
s	O
possible	O
some	O
of	O
their	O
members	O
may	O
be	O
donating	O
privately	O
.	O


The	O
issue	O
is	O
further	O
complicated	O
because	O
although	O
the	O
organizations	O
represent	O
Korean	B-NORP
residents	O
,	O
those	O
residents	O
were	O
largely	O
born	O
and	O
raised	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
many	O
speak	O
only	O
Japanese	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


That	O
they	O
retain	O
Korean	B-NORP
citizenship	O
and	O
ties	O
is	O
a	O
reflection	O
of	O
history	O
--	O
their	O
parents	O
were	O
shipped	O
in	O
as	O
laborers	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
decades	I-DATE
when	O
Japan	B-GPE
occupied	O
Korea	B-GPE
before	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
--	O
and	O
the	O
discrimination	O
that	O
still	O
faces	O
Koreans	B-NORP
in	O
Japanese	B-NORP
society	O
.	O


Many	O
Japanese	B-NORP
think	O
it	O
only	O
natural	O
that	O
the	O
organizations	O
or	O
their	O
members	O
would	O
donate	O
to	O
politicians	O
,	O
the	O
way	O
many	O
Japanese	B-NORP
do	O
,	O
to	O
win	O
favor	O
or	O
support	O
.	O


Both	O
residents	O
'	O
organizations	O
admit	O
to	O
receiving	O
some	O
funding	O
from	O
abroad	O
.	O


But	O
LDP	B-ORG
members	O
and	O
supporters	O
of	O
the	O
prepaid	O
card	O
idea	O
tend	O
to	O
speak	O
in	O
innuendo	O
about	O
the	O
JSP	B-ORG
's	O
alleged	O
donations	O
,	O
implying	O
that	O
North	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
money	O
would	O
be	O
more	O
suspect	O
than	O
South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
because	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
is	O
communist	O
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
is	O
an	O
ally	O
.	O


When	O
Robert	B-PERSON
McDuffie	I-PERSON
was	O
14	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
got	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
play	O
in	O
the	O
starting	O
lineup	O
for	O
his	O
high	O
school	O
basketball	O
team	O
in	O
Macon	B-GPE
,	O
Ga	B-GPE
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
his	O
mother	O
had	O
tickets	O
for	O
a	O
recital	O
by	O
Itzhak	B-PERSON
Perlman	I-PERSON
the	B-TIME
same	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
adamant	O
about	O
his	O
attending	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
threw	O
such	O
a	O
fit	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
McDuffie	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
had	O
begun	O
violin	O
studies	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
But	O
once	O
Perlman	B-PERSON
started	O
playing	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
give	O
a	O
damn	O
about	O
basketball	O
...	O
.	O


Afterwards	O
,	O
I	O
went	O
home	O
and	O
practiced	O
for	O
three	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O
''	O


Today	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
obvious	O
that	O
the	O
brawny	O
,	O
six	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
,	I-QUANTITY
one	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
inch	I-QUANTITY
musician	O
made	O
the	O
right	O
choice	O
.	O


At	B-DATE
31	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
McDuffie	B-PERSON
has	O
a	O
rich	O
,	O
full	O
-	O
bodied	O
tone	O
,	O
an	O
admirable	O
rhythmic	O
precision	O
and	O
an	O
increasingly	O
busy	O
schedule	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
currently	O
in	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
a	O
17	B-CARDINAL
-	O
city	O
U.S.	B-GPE
tour	O
with	O
Yehudi	B-PERSON
Menuhin	I-PERSON
and	O
the	B-ORG
Warsaw	I-ORG
Sinfonia	I-ORG
,	O
with	O
stops	O
including	O
Charleston	B-GPE
,	O
S.C	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-LRB-	O
Oct.	B-DATE
25	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Sarasota	B-GPE
,	O
Fla	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-LRB-	O
Oct.	B-DATE
28	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Tampa	B-GPE
,	O
Fla	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-LRB-	O
Oct.	B-DATE
29	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
and	O
Miami	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
Oct.	B-DATE
31	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


Later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
season	I-DATE
he	O
gives	O
a	O
recital	O
at	O
Washington	B-GPE
's	O
Kennedy	B-FAC
Center	I-FAC
,	O
and	O
appears	O
as	O
soloist	O
with	O
several	O
major	O
orchestras	O
.	O


Yet	O
Mr.	O
McDuffie	B-PERSON
's	O
career	O
has	O
developed	O
at	O
a	O
slower	O
pace	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
his	O
better	O
known	O
contemporaries	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
musical	O
``	O
brat	O
pack	O
''	O
--	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
budding	O
virtuosos	O
who	O
studied	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Juilliard	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
with	O
the	O
noted	O
pedagogue	O
Dorothy	B-PERSON
DeLay	I-PERSON
.	O


His	O
violin	O
classmates	O
included	O
Shlomo	B-PERSON
Mintz	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
protege	O
of	O
Isaac	B-PERSON
Stern	I-PERSON
who	O
performed	O
with	O
major	O
orchestras	O
while	O
still	O
a	O
student	O
;	O
Cho	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Liang	I-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
joined	O
the	O
roster	O
of	O
ICM	B-ORG
Artists	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
18	I-DATE
;	O
and	O
Nadja	B-PERSON
Salerno	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Sonnenberg	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
launched	O
her	O
career	O
by	O
winning	O
the	O
1981	B-DATE
Naumberg	B-EVENT
Competition	I-EVENT
.	O


``	O
I	O
thought	O
I	O
was	O
over	O
the	O
hill	O
at	O
22	B-DATE
,	O
''	O
recalls	O
Mr.	O
McDuffie	B-PERSON
,	O
an	O
outgoing	O
man	O
with	O
pale	O
blue	O
eyes	O
and	O
a	O
light	O
Southern	B-NORP
drawl	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
I	O
was	O
n't	O
ready	O
for	O
a	O
career	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O
''	O


Young	O
McDuffie	B-PERSON
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
violin	O
teacher	O
was	O
Henrik	B-PERSON
Schwarzenberger	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Hungarian	B-NORP
refugee	O
who	O
taught	O
in	O
the	O
Macon	B-GPE
public	O
school	O
system	O
.	O


``	O
He	O
taught	O
me	O
how	O
to	O
play	O
like	O
a	O
gypsy	O
,	O
''	O
jokes	O
the	O
musician	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
learn	O
to	O
count	O
until	O
I	O
got	O
to	O
Juilliard	B-ORG
.	O
''	O


After	O
studies	O
at	O
that	O
conservatory	O
's	O
Pre-College	B-ORG
Division	I-ORG
with	O
an	O
assistant	O
to	O
the	O
legendary	O
instructor	O
Ivan	B-PERSON
Galamian	I-PERSON
,	O
he	O
switched	O
at	O
the	O
college	O
level	O
to	O
Miss	O
DeLay	B-PERSON
,	O
Mr.	O
Galamian	B-PERSON
's	O
longtime	O
assistant	O
and	O
,	O
ultimately	O
,	O
his	O
rival	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
think	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
prove	O
myself	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
McDuffie	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
But	O
she	O
was	O
always	O
encouraging	O
.	O


She	O
only	O
put	O
her	O
foot	O
down	O
twice	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
continues	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
my	B-DATE
freshman	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
my	O
roommate	O
was	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
party	O
animal	O
.	O


She	O
thought	O
I	O
was	O
n't	O
getting	O
my	O
practicing	O
done	O
.	O
''	O


As	O
the	O
violinist	O
tells	O
it	O
,	O
his	O
grandmotherly	O
looking	O
teacher	O
``	O
put	O
her	O
hands	O
on	O
her	O
hips	O
,	O
stomped	O
her	O
foot	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
`	O
You	O
've	O
just	O
got	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
-LCB-	O
expletive	O
deleted	O
-RCB-	O
out	O
of	O
there	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
incident	O
took	O
place	O
after	O
Mr.	O
McDuffie	B-PERSON
gave	O
an	O
ambitious	O
student	O
recital	O
and	O
was	O
feeling	O
rather	O
pleased	O
with	O
himself	O
.	O


Miss	O
DeLay	B-PERSON
requested	O
that	O
he	O
come	O
to	O
her	O
studio	O
with	O
a	O
tape	O
of	O
the	O
recital	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
listened	O
to	O
the	O
Chausson	B-PERSON
`	O
Poeme	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
'	O
''	O
he	O
recalls	O
,	O
``	O
and	O
she	O
said	O
,	O
`	O
You	O
hear	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
note	O
,	O
that	O
B	O
-	O
flat	O
?	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
only	O
note	O
that	O
's	O
truly	O
in	O
tune	O
...	O
'	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
That	O
's	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
experience	O
I	O
've	O
had	O
with	O
any	O
teacher	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
because	O
she	O
taught	O
me	O
how	O
to	O
listen	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
when	O
I	O
play	O
with	O
orchestras	O
,	O
the	O
musicians	O
often	O
compliment	O
me	O
on	O
my	O
intonation	O
.	O
''	O


It	O
was	O
also	O
at	O
Juilliard	B-ORG
that	O
Mr.	O
McDuffie	B-PERSON
discovered	O
his	O
predilection	O
for	O
conservative	O
,	O
20th	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
American	B-NORP
composers	O
such	O
as	O
David	B-PERSON
Diamond	I-PERSON
and	O
Samuel	B-PERSON
Barber	I-PERSON
.	O


After	O
winning	O
a	O
school	O
competition	O
with	O
a	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
latter	O
's	O
``	O
Violin	B-WORK_OF_ART
Concerto	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
McDuffie	B-PERSON
was	O
invited	O
to	O
play	O
the	O
work	O
for	O
the	O
composer	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
dying	O
of	O
cancer	O
.	O


``	O
Barber	B-PERSON
was	O
seated	O
by	O
the	O
fireplace	O
looking	O
very	O
pale	O
,	O
''	O
recalls	O
the	O
violinist	O
,	O
who	O
performed	O
the	O
work	O
with	O
a	O
piano	O
accompanist	O
at	O
the	O
composer	O
's	O
apartment	O
.	O


``	O
He	O
did	O
n't	O
say	O
much	O
,	O
but	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
was	O
important	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
score	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
beautiful	O
,	O
Coplandesque	O
motif	O
--	O
he	O
'd	O
kill	O
me	O
if	O
he	O
heard	O
me	O
say	O
that	O
--	O
throughout	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
movement	O
...	O


The	O
only	O
time	O
the	O
violin	O
has	O
it	O
is	O
right	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
written	O
`	O
marcato	O
'	O
in	O
the	O
score	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
played	O
it	O
that	O
way	O
,	O
kind	O
of	O
gigue	O
-	O
like	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
yelled	O
out	O
`	O
dolce	O
!	O
dolce	O
!	O
'	O
-LCB-	O
`	O
sweet	O
!	O
sweet	O
!	O
'	O
-RCB-	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
So	O
we	O
did	O
it	O
over	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
adds	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
played	O
very	O
transparently	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
tip	O
of	O
the	O
bow	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
conductor	O
is	O
sensitive	O
enough	O
to	O
bring	O
down	O
the	O
orchestra	O
-LCB-	O
volume	O
-RCB-	O
at	O
that	O
point	O
,	O
it	O
makes	O
the	O
piece	O
magical	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
why	O
Barber	B-PERSON
never	O
told	O
anybody	O
else	O
.	O


On	O
Isaac	B-PERSON
Stern	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
recording	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
biting	O
.	O
''	O


Since	O
leaving	O
Juilliard	B-ORG
,	O
Mr.	O
McDuffie	B-PERSON
has	O
made	O
some	O
smart	O
moves	O
and	O
some	O
controversial	O
ones	O
.	O


His	O
guest	O
appearance	O
on	O
the	O
NBC	B-ORG
soap	O
opera	O
``	O
Another	B-WORK_OF_ART
World	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
scandalized	O
musical	O
elitists	O
.	O


By	O
contrast	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
won	O
kudos	O
for	O
his	O
espousal	O
of	O
William	B-PERSON
Schuman	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
``	O
Violin	B-WORK_OF_ART
Concerto	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
which	O
he	O
recently	O
recorded	O
for	O
Angel	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
EMI	I-ORG
along	O
with	O
Leonard	B-PERSON
Bernstein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
engaging	O
``	O
Serenade	B-WORK_OF_ART
for	I-WORK_OF_ART
Violin	I-WORK_OF_ART
Solo	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
Strings	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Percussion	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
McDuffie	B-PERSON
's	O
sweet	O
tone	O
,	O
heartfelt	O
lyricism	O
and	O
rhythmic	O
punch	O
make	O
him	O
an	O
ideal	O
interpreter	O
of	O
both	O
works	O
.	O


Aided	O
by	O
the	O
fluid	O
playing	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
St.	I-ORG
Louis	I-ORG
Symphony	I-ORG
under	O
Leonard	B-PERSON
Slatkin	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
direction	O
,	O
this	O
``	O
Serenade	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
really	O
swings	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Schuman	B-PERSON
's	O
``	O
Violin	B-WORK_OF_ART
Concerto	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
which	O
sounds	O
more	O
like	O
a	O
mildly	O
atonal	O
rhapsody	O
for	O
solo	O
violin	O
with	O
orchestral	O
accompaniment	O
,	O
meanders	O
until	O
the	O
propulsive	O
``	O
Agitato	O
,	O
fervente	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
there	O
are	O
ample	O
rewards	O
in	O
its	O
plaintive	O
slow	O
sections	O
and	O
virtuoso	O
fireworks	O
for	O
soloist	O
,	O
brass	O
and	O
timpani	O
.	O


At	O
Avery	B-FAC
Fisher	I-FAC
Hall	I-FAC
here	O
,	O
Mr.	O
McDuffie	B-PERSON
was	O
heard	O
recently	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Menuhin	B-PERSON
and	O
the	B-ORG
Warsaw	I-ORG
Sinfonia	I-ORG
in	O
more	O
conventional	O
fare	O
--	O
Bruch	B-PERSON
's	O
overwrought	O
``	O
Violin	B-WORK_OF_ART
Concerto	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
G	I-WORK_OF_ART
Minor	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


His	O
performance	O
was	O
so	O
effusive	O
and	O
driven	O
that	O
the	O
phrases	O
rarely	O
breathed	O
.	O


The	O
35	B-CARDINAL
-	O
member	O
Sinfonia	B-ORG
played	O
adroitly	O
with	O
a	O
big	O
,	O
lush	O
sound	O
that	O
belied	O
its	O
size	O
.	O


Whatever	O
he	O
plays	O
,	O
Mr.	O
McDuffie	B-PERSON
finds	O
satisfaction	O
in	O
the	O
music	O
itself	O
--	O
``	O
something	O
greater	O
out	O
there	O
than	O
me	O
,	O
''	O
as	O
he	O
puts	O
it	O
during	O
an	O
interview	O
at	O
the	O
Manhattan	B-GPE
apartment	O
he	O
shares	O
with	O
wife	O
,	O
Camille	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
literary	O
publicist	O
.	O


``	O
A	O
normal	O
person	O
did	O
not	O
write	O
the	O
Beethoven	B-PERSON
`	O
Violin	B-WORK_OF_ART
Concerto	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
'	O
''	O
he	O
declares	O
.	O


``	O
Even	O
when	O
I	O
hear	O
it	O
played	O
badly	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
still	O
humbled	O
by	O
the	O
piece	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
could	O
ever	O
feel	O
I	O
've	O
contributed	O
to	O
it	O
in	O
some	O
way	O
,	O
then	O
all	O
the	O
hard	O
work	O
has	O
been	O
worth	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


Ms.	O
Jepson	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
free	O
-	O
lance	O
music	O
writer	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Are	O
consumers	O
too	O
deep	O
in	O
hock	O
?	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
observers	O
think	O
so	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
if	O
they	O
're	O
right	O
,	O
the	O
whole	O
economy	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
spendthrifts	O
among	O
us	O
could	O
be	O
hurt	O
.	O


A	O
sudden	O
,	O
forced	O
cutback	O
by	O
consumers	O
,	O
who	O
normally	O
account	O
for	O
about	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
of	O
economic	O
activity	O
,	O
would	O
damp	O
the	O
economy	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
plant	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
equipment	O
spending	O
is	O
slowing	O
and	O
deficit	O
-	O
racked	O
governments	O
ca	O
n't	O
readily	O
take	O
up	O
the	O
slack	O
.	O


And	O
another	O
wave	O
of	O
bad	O
loans	O
would	O
further	O
batter	O
many	O
already	O
-	O
shaky	O
lending	O
institutions	O
.	O


The	O
worriers	O
cite	O
some	O
worrisome	O
trends	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
almost	B-DATE
seven	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
economic	O
expansion	O
,	O
inflation	O
-	O
adjusted	O
gross	O
national	O
product	O
,	O
disposable	O
personal	O
income	O
and	O
personal	O
consumption	O
expenditures	O
have	O
risen	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
but	O
inflation	O
-	O
adjusted	O
consumer	O
installment	O
credit	O
has	O
surged	O
66	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


And	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
installment	O
debt	O
to	O
disposable	O
personal	O
income	O
--	O
personal	O
income	O
after	O
taxes	O
--	O
has	O
hit	O
a	O
high	O
of	O
about	B-PERCENT
18	I-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


However	O
,	O
these	O
figures	O
do	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
worry	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Durkin	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
economist	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
a	O
paper	O
presented	O
at	O
the	O
recent	O
annual	B-DATE
meeting	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Economists	I-ORG
in	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
,	O
Mr.	O
Durkin	B-PERSON
comments	O
that	O
``	O
installment	O
credit	O
always	O
grows	O
rapidly	O
in	O
cyclical	O
advances	O
,	O
and	O
growth	O
in	O
this	O
cycle	O
is	O
very	O
typical	O
of	O
earlier	O
experiences	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
adds	O
:	O
``	O
We	O
are	O
now	O
witnessing	O
a	O
slowdown	O
which	O
,	O
if	O
history	O
is	O
a	O
guide	O
,	O
could	O
persist	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
what	O
about	O
the	O
debt	O
burden	O
?	O


Mr.	O
Durkin	B-PERSON
doubts	O
that	O
``	O
there	O
is	O
some	O
magic	O
level	O
''	O
at	O
which	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
installment	O
debt	O
to	O
disposable	O
income	O
``	O
indicates	O
economic	O
problems	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
,	O
``	O
more	O
importantly	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
the	O
debt	O
burden	O
measured	O
other	O
ways	O
is	O
not	O
really	O
in	O
uncharted	O
waters	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
chart	O
below	O
shows	O
why	O
-LRB-	O
see	O
accompanying	O
illustration	O
--	O
WSJ	B-ORG
Oct.	B-DATE
23	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
ratio	O
of	O
consumer	O
installment	O
credit	O
to	O
disposable	O
income	O
,	O
though	O
up	O
a	O
bit	O
,	O
has	O
n't	O
climbed	O
steeply	O
,	O
and	O
such	O
debt	O
as	O
a	O
percent	O
of	O
household	O
assets	O
is	O
little	O
changed	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
burden	O
of	O
consumer	O
credit	O
payments	O
relative	O
to	O
disposable	O
income	O
may	O
be	O
``	O
lower	O
in	O
this	O
cycle	O
than	O
earlier	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Durkin	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


He	O
notes	O
that	O
some	O
``	O
revolving	O
credit	O
-	O
card	O
credit	O
is	O
actually	O
convenience	O
credit	O
''	O
being	O
used	O
simply	O
as	O
a	O
handy	O
way	O
of	O
paying	O
bills	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
handy	O
way	O
of	O
borrowing	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
longer	O
maturities	O
on	O
automobile	O
and	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
installment	O
credit	O
boost	O
the	O
stock	O
of	O
debt	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
flow	O
of	O
repayments	O
and	O
the	O
accompanying	O
payment	O
burden	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
``	O
consider	O
the	O
changing	O
distribution	O
of	O
credit	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Durkin	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
``	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
debt	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
is	O
due	O
to	O
increasing	O
credit	O
use	O
by	O
higher	O
-	O
income	O
families	O
,	O
''	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
``	O
those	O
probably	O
best	O
able	O
to	O
handle	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


Citing	O
figures	O
on	O
home	O
-	O
equity	O
loans	O
,	O
he	O
notes	O
that	O
``	O
11	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
homeowners	O
had	O
home	O
-	O
equity	O
credit	O
accounts	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
proportion	O
rises	O
to	O
16	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
homeowners	O
in	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
45,000-$60,000	I-MONEY
income	O
range	O
and	O
23	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
homeowners	O
with	O
income	O
above	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
60,000	I-MONEY
.	O
''	O


And	O
much	O
home	O
-	O
equity	O
credit	O
is	O
used	O
conservatively	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
most	O
frequent	O
use	O
is	O
home	O
improvement	O
,	O
which	O
presumably	O
improves	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
property	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Durkin	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
surprising	O
that	O
consumer	O
-	O
credit	O
delinquencies	O
at	O
banks	O
remain	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
chart	O
shows	O
,	O
reassuringly	O
below	O
some	O
earlier	O
highs	O
-LRB-	O
see	O
accompanying	O
illustration	O
--	O
WSJ	B-ORG
Oct.	B-DATE
23	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


A	O
severe	O
recession	O
could	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
raise	O
delinquency	O
rates	O
,	O
but	O
so	O
far	O
the	O
current	O
levels	O
of	O
consumer	O
debt	O
do	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
loom	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
threat	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
current	O
weakness	O
in	O
auto	O
buying	O
and	O
department	O
-	O
store	O
sales	O
and	O
the	O
gradual	O
upturn	O
in	O
the	O
household	O
saving	O
rate	O
suggest	O
that	O
consumers	O
,	O
conservative	O
as	O
ever	O
,	O
are	O
already	O
clutching	O
their	O
purses	O
a	O
bit	O
more	O
tightly	O
.	O


In	O
July	B-DATE
,	O
consumer	O
installment	O
credit	O
outstanding	O
fell	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
since	O
January	B-DATE
1987	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
Consumers	O
appear	O
unwilling	O
to	O
add	O
to	O
their	O
leverage	O
to	O
support	O
their	O
spending	O
,	O
''	O
Bruce	B-PERSON
Steinberg	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
economist	O
,	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
household	O
debt	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
stabilizing	O
at	O
around	B-PERCENT
63	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
GNP	O
.	O
''	O


Consumers	O
,	O
credit	O
cards	O
in	O
hand	O
,	O
are	O
n't	O
running	O
amok	O
through	O
the	O
shopping	O
malls	O
--	O
or	O
putting	O
the	O
economy	O
at	O
any	O
great	O
risk	O
.	O


Maidenform	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
loves	O
to	O
be	O
intimate	O
with	O
its	O
customers	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
public	O
.	O


The	O
67	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
maker	O
of	O
brassieres	O
,	O
panties	O
,	O
and	O
lingerie	O
enjoys	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
-	O
known	O
brand	O
images	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
financial	O
profile	O
is	O
closely	O
guarded	O
by	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
founding	O
family	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
are	O
very	O
few	O
companies	O
that	O
can	O
boast	O
of	O
such	O
a	O
close	O
-	O
knit	O
group	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Robert	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Brawer	I-PERSON
,	O
52	O
years	O
old	O
,	O
recently	O
named	O
president	O
,	O
succeeding	O
Beatrice	B-PERSON
Coleman	I-PERSON
,	O
his	O
mother	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
,	O
who	O
remains	O
chairman	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
are	O
a	O
vanishing	O
breed	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
muses	O
.	O


Mrs.	B-PERSON
Coleman	I-PERSON
,	O
73	B-DATE
,	O
who	O
declined	O
to	O
be	O
interviewed	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
Maidenform	B-ORG
strategist	O
.	O


Sales	O
have	O
tripled	O
during	O
her	O
21	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
tenure	O
to	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
1988	B-DATE
.	O


Maidenform	B-ORG
says	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
profitable	O
but	O
declines	O
to	O
provide	O
specifics	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
sells	O
image	O
.	O


Its	O
current	O
ad	O
campaign	O
,	O
on	O
which	O
Maidenform	B-ORG
has	O
spent	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
15	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
since	O
fall	B-DATE
1987	I-DATE
,	O
does	O
n't	O
even	O
show	O
its	O
underwear	O
products	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
men	O
like	O
Christopher	B-PERSON
Reeve	I-PERSON
,	O
star	O
of	O
the	O
``	O
Superman	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
movies	O
,	O
talking	O
about	O
their	O
lingerie	O
turn	O
-	O
ons	O
.	O


The	O
Maidenform	B-ORG
name	O
``	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
pop	O
culture	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Joan	B-PERSON
Sinopoli	I-PERSON
,	O
account	O
supervisor	O
of	O
the	O
campaign	O
by	O
Levine	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Huntley	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Schmidt	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Beaver	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
ad	O
firm	O
.	O


Maidenform	B-ORG
generated	O
such	O
memorable	O
campaigns	O
as	O
``	O
I	O
dreamed	O
I	O
...	O
in	O
my	O
Maidenform	B-ORG
bra	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
``	O
The	O
Maidenform	B-ORG
woman	O
.	O


You	O
never	O
know	O
where	O
she	O
'll	O
turn	O
up	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
Capitalizing	O
on	O
the	O
brand	O
is	O
key	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Brawer	B-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
immediate	O
plans	O
include	O
further	O
international	O
expansion	O
and	O
getting	O
better	O
control	O
of	O
distribution	O
outside	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
The	O
intimate	O
apparel	O
industry	O
is	O
perceived	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
growth	O
industry	O
and	O
clearly	O
-LCB-	O
Maidenform	B-ORG
-RCB-	O
is	O
a	O
force	O
to	O
be	O
reckoned	O
with	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
David	B-PERSON
S.	I-PERSON
Leibowitz	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
special	O
situations	O
analyst	O
at	O
American	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Although	O
working	O
women	O
are	O
``	O
forced	O
to	O
wear	O
the	O
uniform	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
to	O
retain	O
their	O
femininity	O
they	O
are	O
buying	O
better	O
quality	O
,	O
more	O
upscale	O
intimate	O
apparel	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Although	O
Mr.	O
Brawer	B-PERSON
's	O
appointment	O
as	O
president	O
was	O
long	O
expected	O
,	O
the	O
move	O
on	O
Sept.	B-DATE
25	I-DATE
precipitated	O
the	O
resignation	O
of	O
Alan	B-PERSON
Lesk	I-PERSON
as	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
sales	O
and	O
merchandising	O
.	O


Three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Lesk	B-PERSON
was	O
named	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
of	O
Olga	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
competing	O
intimate	O
apparel	O
division	O
of	O
Warnaco	B-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Warnaco	B-ORG
also	O
owns	O
Warners	B-ORG
,	O
another	O
major	O
intimate	O
apparel	O
maker	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lesk	B-PERSON
could	O
n't	O
be	O
reached	O
to	O
comment	O
.	O


But	O
Maidenform	B-ORG
officials	O
say	O
that	O
after	O
spending	O
24	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
at	O
Maidenform	B-ORG
,	O
Mr.	O
Lesk	B-PERSON
,	O
48	B-DATE
,	O
made	O
it	O
clear	O
he	O
wanted	O
the	O
top	O
job	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
you	O
want	O
the	O
presidency	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
n't	O
the	O
firm	O
to	O
work	O
for	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
James	B-PERSON
Mogan	I-PERSON
,	O
45	B-DATE
,	O
who	O
was	O
named	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
sales	O
,	O
assuming	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
responsibilities	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Lesk	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
company	O
downplayed	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Lesk	B-PERSON
and	O
split	O
his	O
merchandising	O
responsibilities	O
among	O
a	O
committee	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


``	O
My	O
style	O
is	O
less	O
informal	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Brawer	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Top	O
officers	O
insist	O
Maidenform	B-ORG
's	O
greatest	O
strength	O
is	O
its	O
family	O
ownership	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
ca	O
n't	O
go	O
anywhere	O
in	O
this	O
company	O
and	O
find	O
an	O
organizational	O
chart	O
,	O
''	O
one	O
delights	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
is	O
fun	O
competing	O
as	O
a	O
private	O
company	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Brawer	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
can	O
think	O
long	O
range	O
.	O
''	O


Other	O
major	O
players	O
in	O
intimate	O
apparel	O
apparently	O
feel	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
.	O


Warnaco	B-ORG
was	O
taken	O
private	O
by	O
Spectrum	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
in	O
1986	B-DATE
for	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
487	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


And	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Playtex	B-ORG
Holdings	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
went	O
private	O
for	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
680	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


It	O
was	O
then	O
split	O
into	O
Playtex	B-ORG
Apparel	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
intimate	O
apparel	O
division	O
,	O
and	O
Playtex	B-ORG
Family	I-ORG
Products	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
makes	O
tampons	O
,	O
hair	O
-	O
care	O
items	O
and	O
other	O
products	O
.	O


Publicly	O
traded	O
VF	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
owns	O
Vanity	B-ORG
Fair	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Sara	B-ORG
Lee	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
owns	O
Bali	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
are	O
also	O
strong	O
forces	O
in	O
intimate	O
apparel	O
.	O


Buy	O
-	O
out	O
offers	O
for	O
Maidenform	B-ORG
are	O
n't	O
infrequent	O
,	O
says	O
Executive	O
Vice	O
President	O
David	B-PERSON
C.	I-PERSON
Masket	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
n't	O
taken	O
very	O
seriously	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
gets	O
calls	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
have	O
to	O
consult	O
''	O
with	O
Mrs.	O
Coleman	B-PERSON
,	O
Mr.	O
Masket	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
could	O
command	O
a	O
good	O
price	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


``	O
Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
apparel	O
companies	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
whom	O
have	O
strong	O
brand	O
names	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
bought	O
at	O
about	B-PERCENT
60	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
sales	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Deborah	B-PERSON
Bronston	I-PERSON
,	O
Prudential	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Bache	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
apparel	O
analyst	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Brawer	B-PERSON
,	O
along	O
with	O
Mrs.	O
Coleman	B-PERSON
and	O
her	O
daughter	O
,	O
Elizabeth	B-PERSON
,	O
an	O
attorney	O
who	O
is	O
vice	O
chairman	O
,	O
are	O
the	O
family	O
members	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
operations	O
of	O
Maidenform	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
employs	O
about	B-CARDINAL
5,000	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Mr.	O
Brawer	B-PERSON
's	O
wife	O
,	O
Catherine	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Stroup	I-PERSON
,	O
Elizabeth	B-PERSON
's	O
husband	O
,	O
round	O
out	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
-	O
member	O
board	O
.	O


Each	O
has	O
an	O
equal	O
vote	O
at	O
the	O
monthly	B-DATE
meetings	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
are	O
all	O
very	O
amiable	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Brawer	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Executives	O
say	O
Mrs.	O
Coleman	B-PERSON
is	O
very	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
day	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
day	B-DATE
operations	O
,	O
especially	O
product	O
development	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1960s	I-DATE
she	O
designed	O
a	O
lightweight	O
stretch	O
bra	O
that	O
boosted	O
sales	O
.	O


Her	O
father	O
,	O
William	B-PERSON
Rosenthal	I-PERSON
,	O
designed	O
the	O
then	O
-	O
dress	O
making	O
company	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
bra	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1920s	I-DATE
,	O
which	O
he	O
said	O
gave	O
women	O
a	O
``	O
maiden	O
form	O
''	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
``	O
boyish	O
form	O
''	O
they	O
got	O
from	O
the	O
``	O
flat	O
bandages	O
''	O
used	O
for	O
support	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


While	O
Mr.	O
Rosenthal	B-PERSON
introduced	O
new	O
undergarment	O
designs	O
,	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
Ida	B-PERSON
,	O
concentrated	O
on	O
sales	O
and	O
other	O
financial	O
matters	O
.	O


The	O
name	O
Maidenform	B-ORG
was	O
coined	O
by	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
business	O
partner	O
,	O
Enid	B-PERSON
Bissett	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
company	O
has	O
14	B-CARDINAL
plants	O
and	O
distribution	O
facilities	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
Puerto	B-GPE
Rico	I-GPE
,	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
Caribbean	B-LOC
and	O
Ireland	B-GPE
.	O


Maidenform	B-ORG
products	O
are	O
mainly	O
sold	O
at	O
department	O
stores	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
company	O
has	O
quietly	O
opened	O
a	O
retail	O
store	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
in	O
Omaha	B-GPE
,	O
Neb.	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
has	O
24	B-CARDINAL
factory	O
outlets	O
,	O
with	O
plans	O
to	O
add	O
more	O
.	O


Before	O
joining	O
Maidenform	B-ORG
in	O
1972	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Brawer	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
holds	O
a	O
doctoral	O
degree	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
from	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Chicago	I-ORG
,	O
taught	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Wisconsin	I-ORG
.	O


As	O
a	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
headed	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
designer	O
lingerie	O
division	O
,	O
Oscar	B-ORG
de	I-ORG
la	I-ORG
Renta	I-ORG
,	O
since	O
its	O
inception	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
.	O


To	O
maintain	O
exclusivity	O
of	O
that	O
designer	O
line	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
labeled	O
with	O
the	O
Maidenform	B-ORG
name	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
company	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
family	O
-	O
run	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Brawer	B-PERSON
is	O
n't	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
person	O
to	O
marry	O
into	O
the	O
family	O
and	O
subsequently	O
head	O
Maidenform	B-ORG
.	O


Mrs.	O
Coleman	B-PERSON
's	O
husband	O
,	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
physician	O
,	O
succeeded	O
Mrs.	O
Rosenthal	B-PERSON
as	O
president	O
and	O
served	O
in	O
that	O
post	O
until	O
his	O
death	O
in	O
1968	B-DATE
.	O


China	B-GPE
could	O
exhaust	O
its	O
foreign	O
-	O
exchange	O
reserves	O
as	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
as	I-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
Western	O
government	O
report	O
says	O
,	O
unless	O
imports	O
are	O
cut	O
drastically	O
to	O
help	O
narrow	O
the	O
balance	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
payments	O
deficit	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
report	O
,	O
completed	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
if	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
trade	O
gap	O
continues	O
to	O
widen	O
at	O
the	O
pace	O
seen	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
reserves	O
would	O
be	O
wiped	O
out	O
either	O
in	O
1990	B-DATE
or	O
1991	B-DATE
.	O


A	O
country	O
is	O
considered	O
financially	O
healthy	O
if	O
its	O
reserves	O
cover	O
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	O
its	O
imports	O
.	O


The	O
$	B-MONEY
14	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
reserves	O
China	B-GPE
had	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
would	O
cover	O
just	O
that	O
much	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
by	O
the	O
Western	O
government	O
,	O
which	O
declines	O
to	O
be	O
identified	O
,	O
concludes	O
that	O
``	O
a	O
near	O
-	O
term	O
foreign	O
-	O
exchange	O
payment	O
problem	O
can	O
be	O
avoided	O
only	O
if	O
import	O
growth	O
drops	O
to	O
below	B-PERCENT
5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
per	O
annum	O
.	O
''	O


According	O
to	O
Chinese	B-NORP
customs	O
figures	O
,	O
import	O
growth	O
has	O
slowed	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
dropping	O
to	O
16	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
July	B-DATE
and	O
7.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
August	B-DATE
from	O
the	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
periods	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
an	O
average	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
26	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
before	O
import	O
growth	O
slowed	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
buying	O
spree	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
already	O
had	O
taken	O
its	O
toll	O
on	O
foreign	O
-	O
exchange	O
reserves	O
.	O


The	O
$	B-MONEY
14	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
level	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
marked	O
a	O
drop	O
from	O
$	B-MONEY
19	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
April	I-DATE
.	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
last	O
big	O
import	O
binge	O
sent	O
reserves	O
tumbling	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
10.6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
June	B-DATE
1985	I-DATE
from	O
$	B-MONEY
16.6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
September	I-DATE
.	O


China	B-GPE
might	O
stave	O
off	O
a	O
crisis	O
if	O
it	O
acts	O
as	O
forcefully	O
as	O
it	O
did	O
to	O
arrest	O
the	O
1985	B-DATE
decline	O
,	O
when	O
Beijing	B-GPE
slammed	O
the	O
brakes	O
on	O
foreign	O
-	O
exchange	O
spending	O
and	O
devalued	O
the	O
currency	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
faces	O
a	O
more	O
difficult	O
battle	O
because	O
of	O
economic	O
forces	O
that	O
have	O
come	O
into	O
play	O
since	O
the	O
Tiananmen	B-FAC
Square	I-FAC
killings	O
June	B-DATE
4	I-DATE
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
hard	O
-	O
currency	O
income	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
suffer	O
from	O
the	O
big	O
drop	O
in	O
tourist	O
arrivals	O
since	O
June	B-DATE
4	I-DATE
.	O


Revenue	O
from	O
tourism	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
is	O
projected	O
to	O
total	O
$	B-MONEY
1.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
down	O
from	O
$	B-MONEY
2.2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Because	O
of	O
this	O
and	O
the	O
huge	O
trade	O
gap	O
,	O
the	O
deficit	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
current	O
account	O
,	O
which	O
measures	O
trade	O
in	O
goods	O
and	O
services	O
plus	O
certain	O
unilateral	O
transfers	O
of	O
funds	O
,	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
widen	O
sharply	O
from	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
3.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
deficit	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Western	O
government	O
report	O
suggests	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
scenarios	O
for	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
current	O
-	O
account	O
balance	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
which	O
are	O
considered	O
most	O
likely	O
.	O


In	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
continue	O
to	O
grow	O
at	O
the	O
respective	O
average	O
rates	O
of	O
25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
recorded	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
current	O
-	O
account	O
deficit	O
widens	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
13.1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


In	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
had	O
a	O
record	O
deficit	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
11.4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
other	O
scenario	O
assumes	O
that	O
Beijing	B-GPE
takes	O
effective	O
actions	O
to	O
curb	O
imports	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
would	O
still	O
finish	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
with	O
a	O
current	O
-	O
account	O
deficit	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
8.7	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
based	O
on	O
projections	O
that	O
imports	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
grow	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
exports	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


If	O
China	B-GPE
were	O
still	O
on	O
good	O
terms	O
with	O
foreign	O
lenders	O
,	O
it	O
might	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
stem	O
the	O
drain	O
on	O
its	O
foreign	O
-	O
exchange	O
reserves	O
by	O
using	O
some	O
loan	O
funds	O
to	O
offset	O
the	O
current	O
-	O
account	O
deficit	O
.	O


But	O
since	O
June	B-DATE
,	O
foreign	O
bankers	O
led	O
by	O
international	O
financial	O
institutions	O
have	O
virtually	O
suspended	O
their	O
new	O
loans	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Even	O
if	O
borrowing	O
resumes	O
,	O
commercial	O
bankers	O
are	O
n't	O
expected	O
to	O
lend	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
before	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
economists	O
are	O
forecasting	O
a	O
slowdown	O
in	O
foreign	O
direct	O
investments	O
as	O
businessmen	O
become	O
increasingly	O
wary	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
deteriorating	O
political	O
and	O
economic	O
environment	O
.	O


On	O
top	O
of	O
all	O
this	O
,	O
foreign	O
-	O
debt	O
repayments	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
peak	O
in	O
1991	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
1992	I-DATE
.	O


With	O
less	O
capital	O
coming	O
in	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
balance	O
of	O
payments	O
would	O
suffer	O
.	O


The	O
Western	O
government	O
report	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
scenario	O
assumes	O
a	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
reduction	O
in	O
foreign	O
borrowing	O
and	O
a	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
contraction	O
in	O
foreign	O
direct	O
investment	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
foreign	O
borrowing	O
is	O
projected	O
to	O
grow	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
investment	O
to	O
drop	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


But	O
in	O
either	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
report	O
says	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
balance	O
of	O
payments	O
would	O
rapidly	O
dry	O
up	O
foreign	O
reserves	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
finance	O
the	O
imbalance	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
first	O
scenario	O
,	O
the	O
reserves	O
would	O
be	O
exhausted	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
they	O
would	O
be	O
wiped	O
out	O
in	O
1991	B-DATE
.	O


Roche	B-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
AG	I-ORG
,	O
parent	O
of	O
the	O
Swiss	B-NORP
chemical	O
and	O
pharmaceutical	O
group	O
,	O
said	O
its	O
group	O
sales	O
rose	O
22	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
nine	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
7.32	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
francs	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
4.51	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
reported	O
good	O
gains	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
divisions	O
.	O


Roche	B-ORG
also	O
said	O
it	O
expects	O
a	O
``	O
considerable	O
rise	O
''	O
in	O
1989	B-DATE
group	O
profit	O
from	O
the	O
641.5	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
franc	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
396	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
net	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
.	O


New	B-ORG
Canaan	I-ORG
Investments	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
closed	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Carr	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Lowrey	I-ORG
Glass	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
from	O
Newell	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Freeport	B-GPE
,	O
Ill.	B-GPE
,	O
maker	O
of	O
do	O
-	O
it	O
-	O
yourself	O
home	O
products	O
.	O


Terms	O
were	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
.	O


Carr	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Lowrey	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
maker	O
of	O
glass	O
bottles	O
for	O
the	O
cosmetics	O
and	O
toiletries	O
industries	O
,	O
had	O
sales	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


New	B-ORG
Canaan	I-ORG
Investments	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
closely	O
held	O
investment	O
partnership	O
with	O
interests	O
primarily	O
in	O
the	O
packaging	O
industry	O
.	O


Harsco	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
obtained	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
33.1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
export	O
order	O
for	O
armored	O
recovery	O
vehicles	O
and	O
related	O
support	O
equipment	O
.	O


Harsco	B-ORG
declined	O
to	O
say	O
what	O
country	O
placed	O
the	O
order	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
said	O
it	O
received	O
an	O
order	O
for	O
23	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
vehicles	O
,	O
which	O
retrieve	O
tanks	O
and	O
other	O
heavy	O
-	O
tracked	O
vehicles	O
when	O
they	O
break	O
down	O
or	O
are	O
damaged	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
option	O
for	O
16	B-CARDINAL
more	O
.	O


Delivery	O
is	O
to	O
begin	O
in	O
early	B-DATE
1991	I-DATE
.	O


Harsco	B-ORG
produces	O
products	O
for	O
defense	O
,	O
industrial	O
,	O
commercial	O
and	O
construction	O
markets	O
.	O


The	O
Senate	B-ORG
convicted	O
U.S.	B-GPE
District	O
Judge	O
Alcee	O
Hastings	O
of	O
Florida	B-GPE
of	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
impeachment	O
articles	O
,	O
removing	O
the	O
53	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
judge	O
from	O
his	O
$	O
89,500	B-MONEY
-	O
a	O
-	O
year	O
,	O
lifetime	O
job	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Hastings	B-PERSON
's	O
case	O
was	O
particularly	O
nettlesome	O
because	O
it	O
marked	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
a	O
federal	O
official	O
was	O
impeached	O
and	O
removed	O
from	O
office	O
on	O
charges	O
of	O
which	O
a	O
jury	O
had	O
acquitted	O
him	O
.	O


In	O
1983	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Hastings	B-PERSON
was	O
found	O
not	O
guilty	O
of	O
accepting	O
a	O
$	O
150,000	B-MONEY
bribe	O
in	O
a	O
case	O
before	O
him	O
,	O
the	O
central	O
charge	O
on	O
which	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
convicted	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
only	O
the	O
sixth	B-ORDINAL
federal	O
judge	O
ever	O
ousted	O
from	O
office	O
after	O
an	O
impeachment	O
trial	O
.	O


With	O
no	O
floor	O
debate	O
,	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
voted	O
69	B-CARDINAL
-	O
26	O
to	O
convict	O
Mr.	O
Hastings	B-PERSON
of	O
perjury	O
and	O
conspiring	O
to	O
accept	O
a	O
bribe	O
,	O
five	B-CARDINAL
votes	O
more	O
than	O
needed	O
.	O


Conviction	O
on	O
any	O
single	O
impeachment	O
article	O
was	O
enough	O
to	O
remove	O
Judge	O
Hastings	B-PERSON
from	O
office	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
found	O
not	O
guilty	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
charges	O
,	O
involving	O
accusations	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
improperly	O
disclosed	O
information	O
about	O
a	O
sensitive	O
,	O
government	O
investigation	O
.	O


The	O
Senate	B-ORG
did	O
n't	O
vote	O
on	O
six	B-CARDINAL
lesser	O
charges	O
.	O


Although	O
Mr.	O
Hastings	B-PERSON
had	O
been	O
acquitted	O
by	O
a	O
jury	O
,	O
lawmakers	O
handling	O
the	O
prosecution	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
had	O
argued	O
that	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
impeachment	O
is	O
n't	O
to	O
punish	O
an	O
individual	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
they	O
argued	O
that	O
impeachment	O
aims	O
to	O
protect	O
public	O
institutions	O
from	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
abused	O
their	O
positions	O
of	O
trust	O
,	O
irrespective	O
of	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
prior	O
criminal	O
or	O
civil	O
cases	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Hastings	B-PERSON
faced	O
the	O
senators	O
and	O
sat	O
impassively	O
during	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
roll	O
-	O
call	O
votes	O
,	O
then	O
quickly	O
left	O
the	O
chamber	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
impromptu	O
news	O
conference	O
on	O
the	O
Capitol	B-ORG
steps	O
,	O
he	O
denounced	O
the	O
senators	O
'	O
action	O
.	O


``	O
Their	O
opinion	O
is	O
devoid	O
of	O
the	O
wisdom	O
of	O
the	O
forefathers	O
'	O
teaching	O
regarding	O
impeachment	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Hastings	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
he	O
would	O
run	O
for	O
governor	O
of	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Hastings	B-PERSON
was	O
appointed	O
to	O
the	O
federal	O
bench	O
by	O
President	O
Carter	B-PERSON
in	O
1979	B-DATE
and	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
few	O
black	O
federal	O
judges	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


While	O
he	O
packed	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
gallery	O
with	O
his	O
supporters	O
during	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
impeachment	O
trial	O
,	O
most	O
civil	O
rights	O
groups	O
kept	O
their	O
distance	O
from	O
his	O
case	O
.	O


Following	O
the	O
impeachment	O
conviction	O
,	O
Dr.	O
Benjamin	B-PERSON
Hooks	I-PERSON
,	O
executive	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Advancement	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Colored	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
,	O
issued	O
a	O
restrained	O
statement	O
,	O
warning	O
that	O
the	O
Hastings	B-PERSON
case	O
could	O
set	O
a	O
``	O
dangerous	O
precedent	O
,	O
''	O
but	O
adding	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
must	O
respect	O
the	O
considered	O
judgment	O
of	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
.	O


When	O
last	O
we	O
left	O
him	O
,	O
FBI	B-ORG
Agent	O
Nick	B-PERSON
Mancuso	I-PERSON
had	O
solved	O
a	O
murder	O
mystery	O
,	O
unraveled	O
a	O
Washington	B-GPE
political	O
scandal	O
,	O
and	O
racked	O
up	O
some	O
pretty	O
good	O
ratings	O
numbers	O
in	O
the	O
miniseries	O
``	O
Favorite	B-WORK_OF_ART
Son	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


What	O
next	O
for	O
the	O
crusty	O
FBI	B-ORG
agent	O
with	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
gold	O
?	O


A	O
spinoff	O
series	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
plenty	O
of	O
worse	O
inspirations	O
for	O
shows	O
--	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
had	O
already	O
made	O
the	O
fall	O
lineup	O
:	O


a	O
nun	O
raising	O
some	O
lovable	O
orphans	O
.	O


A	O
den	O
mother	O
raising	O
some	O
lovable	O
teen	O
models	O
.	O


A	O
bunch	O
of	O
tans	O
and	O
bathing	O
suits	O
posing	O
as	O
lovable	O
lifeguards	O
.	O


In	O
that	O
context	O
,	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Loggia	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
riveting	O
performance	O
as	O
the	O
unlovable	O
--	O
even	O
crotchety	O
--	O
veteran	O
agent	O
seems	O
a	O
better	O
franchise	O
for	O
a	O
series	O
than	O
most	O
.	O


Week	B-DATE
by	O
week	B-DATE
on	O
``	O
Mancuso	B-WORK_OF_ART
FBI	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
-LRB-	O
NBC	B-ORG
,	O
Fridays	B-DATE
,	O
10	B-TIME
p.m	I-TIME
.	I-TIME
ET	I-TIME
-RRB-	O
,	O
he	O
pokes	O
around	O
the	O
crime	O
styles	O
of	O
the	O
rich	O
,	O
famous	O
and	O
powerful	O
of	O
the	O
Washington	B-GPE
scene	O
--	O
a	O
loose	O
cannon	O
on	O
deck	O
at	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
``	O
Mancuso	B-WORK_OF_ART
FBI	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
has	O
sprung	O
straight	O
from	O
the	O
headlines	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
either	O
a	O
commendable	O
stab	O
at	O
topicality	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
imagination	O
,	O
or	O
both	O
.	O


The	O
opening	O
show	O
featured	O
a	O
secretary	O
of	O
defense	O
designate	O
accused	O
of	O
womanizing	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
la	O
John	B-PERSON
Tower	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
.	O


When	O
his	O
secretary	O
is	O
found	O
floating	O
dead	O
in	O
the	O
pol	O
's	O
pool	O
,	O
Mancuso	B-PERSON
is	O
called	O
in	O
to	O
investigate	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
young	O
black	O
girl	O
claimed	O
she	O
had	O
been	O
raped	O
by	O
a	O
white	O
police	O
officer	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
la	O
Tawana	B-PERSON
Brawley	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
week	B-DATE
's	O
show	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
an	O
unsafe	O
nuclear	O
weaponsmaking	O
facility	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
la	O
Rocky	B-FAC
Flats	I-FAC
-RRB-	O
.	O


Along	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
introduced	O
to	O
the	O
supporting	O
cast	O
:	O
a	O
blond	O
bombshell	O
secretary	O
-LRB-	O
Randi	B-PERSON
Brazen	I-PERSON
--	O
her	O
real	O
name	O
,	O
honest	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
scheming	O
young	O
boss	O
-LRB-	O
Fredric	B-PERSON
Lehne	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
,	O
another	O
blonde	O
bombshell	O
who	O
's	O
also	O
an	O
idealistic	O
lawyer	O
-LRB-	O
Lindsay	B-PERSON
Frost	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
forensics	O
expert	O
-LRB-	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Siebert	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
.	O


If	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
seems	O
a	O
little	O
stale	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
redeemed	O
in	O
part	O
by	O
some	O
tricky	O
plot	O
twists	O
:	O


The	O
usual	O
suspects	O
are	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
guilty	O
,	O
then	O
not	O
guilty	O
,	O
then	O
guilty	O
--	O
but	O
of	O
a	O
different	O
crime	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
In	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
rape	O
case	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
girl	O
turns	O
out	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
victim	O
of	O
incest	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
biggest	O
villains	O
are	O
the	O
politicians	O
who	O
exploit	O
the	O
case	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Most	O
of	O
all	O
though	O
,	O
the	O
show	O
is	O
redeemed	O
by	O
the	O
character	O
of	O
Mancuso	B-PERSON
.	O


What	O
makes	O
the	O
veteran	O
FBI	B-ORG
man	O
so	O
endearing	O
is	O
his	O
hard	O
-	O
bitten	O
cynicism	O
--	O
earned	O
,	O
we	O
discover	O
,	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
assigned	O
to	O
the	O
civil	O
rights	O
movement	O
back	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1960s	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
was	O
n't	O
protecting	O
the	O
Freedom	O
Marchers	O
;	O
he	O
was	O
tailing	O
them	O
as	O
subversives	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
``	O
Mississippi	O
Burning	O
''	O
scenario	O
that	O
thrills	O
his	O
young	O
colleagues	O
:	O
``	O
Kid	O
,	O
you	O
've	O
been	O
reading	O
Classic	B-ORG
Comics	I-ORG
too	O
long	O
,	O
''	O
Mancuso	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


``	O
Back	O
in	O
1964	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
FBI	B-ORG
had	O
five	B-CARDINAL
black	O
agents	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
were	O
chauffeurs	O
for	O
J.	B-PERSON
Edgar	I-PERSON
Hoover	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
cleaned	O
his	O
house	O
.	O
''	O


At	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Loggia	B-PERSON
's	O
Mancuso	B-PERSON
is	O
his	O
world	O
-	O
weary	O
truculence	O
.	O


He	O
describes	O
a	O
reporter	O
as	O
``	O
Miss	O
First	B-LAW
Amendment	I-LAW
.	O
''	O


He	O
describes	O
a	O
drowned	O
corpse	O
as	O
``	O
Esther	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
.	O
''	O


And	O
when	O
he	O
's	O
told	O
``	O
Try	O
a	O
little	O
tenderness	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
shoots	O
back	O
``	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
home	O
to	O
try	O
a	O
little	O
linguine	O
.	O
''	O


Yet	O
for	O
all	O
his	O
cynicism	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
at	O
heart	O
a	O
closet	O
idealist	O
,	O
a	O
softy	O
with	O
a	O
secret	O
crush	O
on	O
truth	O
,	O
justice	O
and	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
Way	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
guy	O
who	O
rescues	O
trampled	O
flags	O
.	O


If	O
``	O
Mancuso	B-WORK_OF_ART
FBI	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
has	O
an	O
intriguing	O
central	O
character	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
has	O
a	O
major	O
flaw	O
:	O


It	O
's	O
wildly	O
overwritten	O
.	O


Executive	O
Producers	O
Steve	B-PERSON
Sohmer	I-PERSON
and	O
Jeff	B-PERSON
Bleckner	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
and	O
writer	O
/	O
producers	O
Ken	B-PERSON
Solarz	I-PERSON
and	O
Steve	B-PERSON
Bello	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
have	O
revved	O
this	O
show	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
breaking	O
point	O
.	O


To	O
start	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
always	O
a	O
crisis	O
--	O
and	O
someone	O
always	O
worries	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
if	O
the	O
press	O
gets	O
a	O
hold	O
of	O
this	O
?	O
''	O


At	O
least	O
once	O
an	O
episode	O
we	O
see	O
protestors	O
marching	O
around	O
screaming	O
slogans	O
.	O


At	O
least	O
once	O
Mancuso	B-PERSON
's	O
boss	O
yells	O
``	O
In	O
here	O
--	O
now	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
proceeds	O
to	O
dress	O
his	O
investigator	O
down	O
:	O


``	O
You	O
are	O
a	O
dinosaur	O
...	O
a	O
hangover	O
in	O
a	O
$	O
10	B-MONEY
suit	O
...	O


One	B-CARDINAL
more	O
word	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
out	O
on	O
a	O
park	O
bench	O
,	O
mister	O
.	O
''	O


Finally	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
the	O
boss	O
gives	O
in	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
's	O
still	O
yelling	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
find	O
myself	O
explaining	O
anything	O
to	O
Teddy	B-PERSON
Kennedy	I-PERSON
,	O
you	O
'll	O
be	O
chasing	O
stolen	O
cars	O
in	O
Anchorage	B-GPE
.	O
''	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
throughout	O
``	O
Mancuso	B-WORK_OF_ART
FBI	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
words	O
or	O
lines	O
--	O
we	O
get	O
speeches	O
.	O


Witnesses	O
shout	O
,	O
scream	O
,	O
pontificate	O
:	O
``	O
...	O
a	O
dream	O
that	O
the	O
planet	O
could	O
be	O
saved	O
from	O
itself	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
sadistic	O
dumb	O
creatures	O
who	O
try	O
to	O
tear	O
down	O
every	O
decent	O
man	O
who	O
raises	O
his	O
voice	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
Mancuso	B-PERSON
himself	O
is	O
investigating	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
his	O
lungs	O
:	O
``	O
How	O
the	O
hell	O
can	O
you	O
live	O
with	O
yourself	O
?	O
''	O
he	O
erupts	O
at	O
a	O
politician	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
twist	O
people	O
's	O
trust	O
.	O


You	O
built	O
your	O
career	O
on	O
prejudice	O
and	O
hate	O
.	O


The	O
scars	O
will	O
be	O
here	O
years	B-DATE
after	O
the	O
polls	O
close	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
each	O
show	O
,	O
Mancuso	B-PERSON
gets	O
to	O
unleash	O
similar	O
harangues	O
:	O


``	O
Where	O
the	O
hell	O
are	O
they	O
gon	O
na	O
live	O
when	O
people	O
like	O
you	O
turn	O
the	O
world	O
into	O
a	O
big	O
toxic	O
waste	O
dump	O
?	O


You	O
're	O
the	O
real	O
criminal	O
here	O
...	O
and	O
what	O
you	O
did	O
was	O
n't	O
just	O
a	O
murder	O
--	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
crime	O
against	O
humanity	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
once	O
a	O
show	O
,	O
someone	O
delivers	O
the	O
line	O
``	O
Get	O
off	O
that	O
soapbox	O
.	O
''	O


Now	O
that	O
's	O
advice	O
the	O
writers	O
should	O
take	O
to	O
heart	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
a	O
series	O
with	O
a	O
good	O
character	O
,	O
some	O
interesting	O
,	O
even	O
occasionally	O
surprising	O
plot	O
lines	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
're	O
ruining	O
it	O
.	O


Why	O
,	O
when	O
a	O
key	O
witness	O
disappears	O
,	O
does	O
Mancuso	B-PERSON
trash	O
her	O
apartment	O
,	O
tearing	O
down	O
drapes	O
,	O
smashing	O
walls	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
bizarre	O
and	O
totally	O
inappropriate	O
reaction	O
,	O
all	O
to	O
add	O
more	O
pizzazz	O
to	O
a	O
script	O
that	O
's	O
already	O
overdosing	O
on	O
pizzazz	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
plot	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
character	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
hyperventilating	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
scene	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
show	O
where	O
Mancuso	B-PERSON
attends	O
the	O
unveiling	O
of	O
the	O
memorial	O
to	O
his	O
dead	O
partner	O
David	B-PERSON
.	O


Asked	O
to	O
say	O
a	O
few	O
words	O
,	O
he	O
pulls	O
out	O
his	O
crumpled	O
piece	O
of	O
paper	O
and	O
tries	O
to	O
talk	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
's	O
too	O
choked	O
up	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
words	O
out	O
.	O


He	O
bangs	O
on	O
the	O
piece	O
of	O
paper	O
in	O
frustration	O
,	O
then	O
turns	O
and	O
walks	O
away	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
profoundly	O
moving	O
moment	O
for	O
series	O
television	O
,	O
and	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Loggia	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
acting	O
resonated	O
in	O
the	O
silence	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
pretty	O
good	O
program	O
inside	O
all	O
the	O
noise	O
of	O
``	O
Mancuso	B-WORK_OF_ART
FBI	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


If	O
the	O
show	O
's	O
creators	O
could	O
just	O
let	O
themselves	O
be	O
quiet	O
for	O
a	O
little	O
,	O
they	O
might	O
just	O
hear	O
it	O
.	O


With	O
a	O
Twist	O
of	O
the	O
Wrist	O
Boys	O
with	O
tops	O
,	O
and	O
Frisbee	B-PRODUCT
tossers	O
,	O
And	O
P.R.	O
types	O
with	O
bees	O
in	O
their	O
bonnet	O
,	O
Have	O
a	O
goal	O
in	O
common	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
try	O
To	O
put	O
the	O
right	O
spin	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


--	B-PERSON
George	I-PERSON
O.	I-PERSON
Ludcke	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


Net	O
Gain	O


Investment	O
letters	O
now	O
abound	O
,	O
I	O
really	O
like	O
to	O
read	O
them	O
;	O
If	O
I	O
peruse	O
enough	O
,	O
I	O
've	O
found	O
I	O
've	O
no	O
time	O
left	O
to	O
heed	O
them	O
!	O


--	B-PERSON
Bern	I-PERSON
Sharfman	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


Daffynition	O


TV	O
evangelist	O
:	O
salesparson	O
.	O


--	B-PERSON
Marguerite	I-PERSON
Whitley	I-PERSON
May	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


CRI	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
reduced	O
the	O
estimated	O
cash	O
distribution	O
for	O
its	O
Capital	B-ORG
Housing	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Mortgage	I-ORG
Partners	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
trust	O
to	O
between	B-MONEY
71	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
and	I-MONEY
74	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
,	O
from	O
between	B-MONEY
75	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
and	I-MONEY
80	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
,	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ending	I-DATE
June	I-DATE
9	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
change	O
in	O
expected	O
cash	O
distributions	O
from	O
the	O
Champs	B-ORG
real	O
estate	O
investment	O
trust	O
stems	O
from	O
a	O
revised	O
estimate	O
of	O
administrative	O
costs	O
,	O
said	O
Jay	B-PERSON
R.	I-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
,	O
Champs	B-ORG
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
.	O


CRI	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
sponsors	O
Champs	B-ORG
,	O
is	O
a	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
real	O
estate	O
investment	O
firm	O
.	O


Your	O
Oct.	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
article	O
on	O
Daniel	B-PERSON
Yankelovich	I-PERSON
cited	O
the	O
quote	O
``	O
A	O
good	O
name	O
is	O
better	O
than	O
great	O
riches	O
''	O
as	O
being	O
from	O
Cervantes	B-PERSON
'	O
``	O
Don	B-WORK_OF_ART
Quixote	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Actually	O
,	O
Cervantes	B-PERSON
borrowed	O
that	O
quote	O
from	O
a	O
writer	O
of	O
some	B-DATE
25	I-DATE
centuries	I-DATE
earlier	O
:	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
King	O
Solomon	B-PERSON
wrote	O
those	O
words	O
in	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Book	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Proverbs	I-WORK_OF_ART
-LRB-	O
22:1	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
Hill	I-PERSON


Japan	B-GPE
had	O
an	O
unadjusted	O
trade	O
surplus	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1.82	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
for	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
,	O
down	O
from	O
$	B-MONEY
3.16	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
latest	O
drop	O
shows	O
the	O
narrowing	O
in	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
trade	O
gap	O
reflected	O
in	O
successive	O
full	O
monthly	B-DATE
reports	O
is	O
continuing	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
follows	O
five	B-CARDINAL
-	O
consecutive	O
declines	O
in	O
full	O
monthly	B-DATE
figures	O
.	O


Imports	O
rose	O
sharply	O
in	O
the	O
period	O
,	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
5.19	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
from	O
$	B-MONEY
4.04	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
change	O
of	O
28	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Exports	O
during	O
the	O
period	O
were	O
$	B-MONEY
7.01	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
2.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
below	O
$	B-MONEY
7.20	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Groupe	B-ORG
AG	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
chairman	O
said	O
the	O
Belgian	B-NORP
insurer	O
is	O
prepared	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
independence	O
to	O
a	O
white	O
knight	O
if	O
necessary	O
to	O
repel	O
a	O
raider	O
.	O


Amid	O
heavy	O
buying	O
of	O
shares	O
in	O
Belgium	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
insurer	O
,	O
Maurice	B-PERSON
Lippens	I-PERSON
also	O
warned	O
in	O
an	O
interview	O
that	O
a	O
white	O
knight	O
,	O
in	O
buying	O
out	O
a	O
raider	O
,	O
could	O
leave	O
speculators	O
with	O
big	O
losses	O
on	O
their	O
AG	B-ORG
stock	O
.	O


Since	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
stock	O
has	O
nearly	O
doubled	O
,	O
giving	O
AG	B-ORG
a	O
market	O
value	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
105	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
Belgian	I-MONEY
francs	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
2.7	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
likely	O
white	O
knight	O
would	O
be	O
Societe	B-ORG
Generale	I-ORG
de	I-ORG
Belgique	I-ORG
S.A.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
already	O
owns	O
18	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
AG	B-ORG
and	O
which	O
itself	O
is	O
controlled	O
by	O
Cie	B-ORG
.	I-ORG
Financiere	I-ORG
de	I-ORG
Suez	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
acquisitive	O
French	B-NORP
financial	O
conglomerate	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Lippens	B-PERSON
said	O
a	O
rescue	O
also	O
could	O
involve	O
Asahi	B-ORG
Mutual	I-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
owns	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
AG	B-ORG
.	O


AG	B-ORG
is	O
hardly	O
alone	O
in	O
its	O
anxiety	O
.	O


A	O
rambunctious	O
shake	O
-	O
up	O
is	O
quickly	O
reshaping	O
Europe	B-LOC
's	O
once	O
-	O
stately	O
insurance	O
business	O
.	O


Worried	O
by	O
European	B-ORG
Community	I-ORG
directives	O
that	O
will	O
remove	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
barriers	O
to	O
cross-border	O
insurance	O
services	O
,	O
starting	O
in	O
mid-1990	B-DATE
,	O
insurers	O
are	O
rushing	O
to	O
find	O
partners	O
and	O
preparing	O
for	O
price	O
wars	O
.	O


In	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
,	O
insurers	O
are	O
flirting	O
with	O
banks	O
.	O


In	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
Suez	B-ORG
and	O
Axa	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Midi	I-ORG
Assurances	I-ORG
S.A.	I-ORG
both	O
have	O
been	O
on	O
the	O
prowl	O
for	O
giant	O
acquisitions	O
;	O
Suez	B-ORG
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
acquired	O
control	O
of	O
Groupe	B-ORG
Victoire	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
sixth	B-ORDINAL
-	O
largest	O
European	B-NORP
insurance	O
company	O
,	O
after	O
a	O
takeover	O
battle	O
with	O
Cie	B-ORG
.	I-ORG
Industrielle	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Lippens	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
shares	O
changing	O
hands	O
has	O
grown	O
significantly	O
since	O
mid-September	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
he	O
estimated	O
that	O
a	O
raider	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
amass	O
no	B-PERCENT
more	I-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
shares	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


Aside	O
from	O
exploring	O
plans	O
for	O
joint	O
ventures	O
or	O
acquisitions	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Lippens	B-PERSON
has	O
called	O
top	O
managers	O
of	O
companies	O
rumored	O
as	O
potential	O
raiders	O
--	O
among	O
them	O
,	O
Axa	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Midi	I-ORG
,	O
Union	B-ORG
des	I-ORG
Assurances	I-ORG
de	I-ORG
Paris	I-ORG
and	O
Suez	B-ORG
,	O
all	O
based	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
have	O
all	O
``	O
very	O
clearly	O
stated	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
not	O
acquired	O
and	O
are	O
not	O
acquiring	O
shares	O
of	O
AG	B-ORG
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Any	O
raider	O
would	O
find	O
it	O
hard	O
to	O
crack	O
AG	B-ORG
's	O
battlements	O
.	O


A	O
``	O
syndicate	O
''	O
of	O
shareholders	O
holds	O
just	B-PERCENT
under	I-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
AG	B-ORG
,	O
Mr.	O
Lippens	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
and	O
members	O
have	O
agreed	O
to	O
give	O
one	O
another	O
the	O
right	O
of	O
first	B-ORDINAL
refusal	O
should	O
they	O
sell	O
any	O
AG	B-ORG
shares	O
.	O


Aside	O
from	O
Generale	B-ORG
de	I-ORG
Belgique	I-ORG
and	O
Asahi	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
syndicate	O
includes	O
Antwerpsche	B-ORG
Hypotheekkas	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Belgian	B-NORP
savings	O
bank	O
,	O
and	O
various	O
family	O
interests	O
.	O


A	O
Generale	B-ORG
spokesman	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
giant	O
Belgian	B-NORP
holding	O
company	O
would	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
raise	O
its	O
stake	O
in	O
AG	B-ORG
should	O
a	O
raider	O
seek	O
control	O
.	O


Asahi	B-ORG
officials	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
reached	O
for	O
comment	O
.	O


Even	O
without	O
bid	O
talk	O
,	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
surge	O
in	O
prices	O
for	O
Brussels	B-GPE
real	O
estate	O
has	O
excited	O
interest	O
in	O
AG	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
company	O
says	O
those	O
holdings	O
constitute	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
-	O
biggest	O
real	O
-	O
estate	O
portfolio	O
in	O
Belgium	B-GPE
.	O


With	O
the	O
dust	O
settling	O
from	O
the	O
failed	O
coup	O
attempt	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
many	O
lingering	O
questions	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
will	O
ponder	O
is	O
this	O
:	O
Is	O
the	O
National	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
staff	O
big	O
enough	O
,	O
and	O
does	O
it	O
have	O
enough	O
clout	O
,	O
to	O
do	O
its	O
job	O
of	O
coordinating	O
foreign	O
policy	O
?	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
national	O
security	O
adviser	O
,	O
Lt.	O
Gen.	O
Brent	B-PERSON
Scowcroft	I-PERSON
,	O
came	O
into	O
office	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
intent	O
on	O
making	O
the	O
NSC	B-ORG
staff	O
leaner	O
and	O
more	O
disciplined	O
than	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
during	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
administration	O
.	O


Gen.	O
Scowcroft	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Tower	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
investigated	O
the	O
Iran	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Contra	I-EVENT
affair	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
all	O
too	O
aware	O
of	O
how	O
a	O
large	O
,	O
inadequately	O
supervised	O
NSC	B-ORG
staff	O
had	O
spun	O
out	O
of	O
control	O
and	O
nearly	O
wrecked	O
President	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
's	O
second	B-ORDINAL
term	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
following	O
both	O
the	O
style	O
he	O
pursued	O
as	O
President	O
Ford	B-PERSON
's	O
national	O
security	O
adviser	O
and	O
the	O
recommendations	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Tower	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
Gen.	O
Scowcroft	B-PERSON
has	O
pruned	O
the	O
NSC	B-ORG
staff	O
and	O
tried	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
it	O
sticks	O
to	O
its	O
assigned	O
tasks	O
--	O
namely	O
,	O
gathering	O
the	O
views	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
and	O
intelligence	O
community	O
;	O
serving	O
as	O
an	O
honest	O
broker	O
in	O
distilling	O
that	O
information	O
for	O
the	O
president	O
and	O
then	O
making	O
sure	O
presidential	O
decisions	O
are	O
carried	O
out	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Tower	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
specifically	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
NSC	B-ORG
staff	O
should	O
be	O
``	O
small	O
''	O
and	O
warned	O
against	O
letting	O
``	O
energetic	O
self	O
-	O
starters	O
''	O
like	O
Lt.	O
Col.	O
Oliver	B-PERSON
North	I-PERSON
strike	O
out	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
rather	O
than	O
leaving	O
the	O
day	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
day	B-DATE
execution	O
of	O
policies	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
or	O
Central	B-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
Panama	B-GPE
episode	O
has	O
raised	O
questions	O
about	O
whether	O
the	O
NSC	B-ORG
staff	O
is	O
sufficiently	O
big	O
,	O
diverse	O
and	O
powerful	O
to	O
coordinate	O
U.S.	B-GPE
policy	O
on	O
tough	O
issues	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
coup	O
attempt	O
and	O
its	O
aftermath	O
,	O
NSC	B-ORG
staffers	O
were	O
``	O
stretched	O
very	O
thin	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
senior	O
administration	O
official	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
small	O
shop	O
.	O
''	O


Gen.	O
Scowcroft	B-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
plan	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
staff	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
weighing	O
that	O
possibility	O
,	O
the	O
official	O
adds	O
.	O


The	O
NSC	B-ORG
staff	O
``	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
horsepower	O
that	O
I	O
believe	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
effective	O
interagency	O
process	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Frank	B-PERSON
Gaffney	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
aide	O
who	O
now	B-DATE
runs	O
the	B-ORG
Center	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Policy	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
conservative	O
Washington	B-GPE
think	O
-	O
tank	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
problem	O
with	O
this	O
administration	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
by	O
design	O
it	O
has	O
greatly	O
diminished	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
a	O
physical	O
sense	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
procedural	O
sense	O
,	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
NSC	B-ORG
.	O
''	O


The	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
itself	O
was	O
established	O
in	O
1947	B-DATE
because	O
policy	O
makers	O
sensed	O
a	O
need	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
increasingly	O
complex	O
world	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
formal	O
system	O
within	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
communications	O
flowed	O
smoothly	O
between	O
the	O
president	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
and	O
intelligence	O
agencies	O
.	O


By	O
law	O
,	O
the	O
council	O
includes	O
the	O
president	O
,	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
secretaries	O
of	O
state	O
and	O
defense	O
.	O


In	O
practice	O
,	O
the	O
director	O
of	O
central	O
intelligence	O
and	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Joint	I-ORG
Chiefs	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Staff	I-ORG
also	O
serve	O
as	O
unofficial	O
members	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
size	O
,	O
shape	O
and	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
NSC	B-ORG
staff	O
have	O
been	O
left	O
for	O
each	O
president	O
and	O
his	O
national	O
security	O
adviser	O
to	O
decide	O
.	O


That	O
task	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
Washington	B-GPE
's	O
perennial	O
problems	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
NSC	B-ORG
's	O
staff	O
of	O
professional	O
officers	O
is	O
down	O
to	O
about	B-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
from	O
about	B-CARDINAL
70	I-CARDINAL
in	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
administration	O
officials	O
say	O
.	O


Administration	O
officials	O
insist	O
that	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
staff	O
was	O
n't	O
a	O
problem	O
during	O
the	O
Panama	B-GPE
crisis	O
.	O


But	O
one	B-CARDINAL
clear	O
problem	O
during	O
the	O
coup	O
attempt	O
was	O
that	O
the	O
NSC	B-ORG
staffer	O
most	O
experienced	O
in	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
,	O
Everett	B-PERSON
Briggs	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
gone	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
just	O
resigned	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
part	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
feud	O
with	O
Assistant	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Bernard	B-PERSON
Aronson	I-PERSON
over	O
the	O
administration	O
's	O
policy	O
on	O
Panama	B-GPE
and	O
support	O
for	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
's	O
Contra	B-NORP
rebels	O
.	O


The	O
absence	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Briggs	B-PERSON
underscored	O
the	O
possible	O
inadequacy	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
NSC	B-ORG
staff	O
.	O


Both	O
Gen.	O
Scowcroft	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
deputy	O
,	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Gates	I-PERSON
,	O
are	O
experts	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
Soviet	O
affairs	O
.	O


Gen.	O
Scowcroft	B-PERSON
is	O
particularly	O
well	O
-	O
versed	O
in	O
arms	O
control	O
,	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Gates	B-PERSON
has	O
spent	O
years	B-DATE
studying	O
Soviet	B-NORP
politics	O
and	O
society	O
.	O


Both	O
have	O
become	O
confidants	O
of	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
.	O


But	O
neither	O
has	O
an	O
extensive	O
background	O
in	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
,	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
or	O
Asia	B-LOC
.	O


In	O
those	O
areas	O
,	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
NSC	B-ORG
staffers	O
under	O
them	O
therefore	O
have	O
become	O
more	O
important	O
.	O


Gen.	O
Scowcroft	B-PERSON
knows	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
anyone	O
that	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
biggest	O
dangers	O
he	O
faces	O
is	O
that	O
NSC	B-ORG
staffers	O
working	O
in	O
relative	O
anonymity	O
will	O
take	O
over	O
policy	O
-	O
making	O
and	O
operational	O
tasks	O
that	O
are	O
best	O
left	O
to	O
bigger	O
and	O
more	O
experienced	O
State	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
and	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
bureaus	O
.	O


But	O
just	O
as	O
every	O
previous	O
NSC	B-ORG
adviser	O
has	O
,	O
Gen.	B-PERSON
Scowcroft	I-PERSON
now	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
mull	O
at	O
what	O
point	O
the	O
NSC	B-ORG
staff	O
becomes	O
too	O
lean	O
and	O
too	O
restrained	O
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
's	O
wholesale	O
prices	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
October	B-DATE
fell	O
0.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
but	O
rose	O
3.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Japan	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
wholesale	O
price	O
index	O
stood	O
at	O
89.6	B-CARDINAL
-LRB-	O
1985	B-DATE
equals	O
100	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


A	O
former	O
Sperry	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
marketing	O
executive	O
,	O
admitting	O
his	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
procurement	O
scandal	O
,	O
pleaded	O
guilty	O
to	O
bribery	O
and	O
conspiracy	O
charges	O
for	O
helping	O
funnel	O
$	O
400,000	B-MONEY
to	O
a	O
midlevel	O
Navy	B-ORG
acquisition	O
official	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
.	O


Frank	B-PERSON
Lavelle	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
was	O
the	O
marketing	O
director	O
for	O
Sperry	B-ORG
in	O
Clearwater	B-GPE
,	O
Fla.	B-GPE
,	O
admitted	O
participating	O
in	O
a	O
scheme	O
to	O
bribe	O
Garland	B-PERSON
Tomlin	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
official	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Tomlin	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
left	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
in	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
pleaded	O
guilty	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
related	O
conspiracy	O
,	O
bribery	O
and	O
tax	O
-	O
evasion	O
charges	O
.	O


The	O
bribery	O
scheme	O
took	O
place	O
between	B-DATE
1982	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
1985	I-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
documents	O
filed	O
by	O
prosecutors	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Lavelle	B-PERSON
's	O
guilty	O
plea	O
in	O
federal	O
district	O
court	O
in	O
Alexandria	B-GPE
,	O
Va	B-GPE
.	O


Sperry	B-ORG
merged	O
with	O
Burroughs	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
to	O
become	O
Unisys	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
in	O
late	O
1986	B-DATE
.	O


Court	O
documents	O
filed	O
by	O
prosecutors	O
indicate	O
Mr.	O
Tomlin	B-PERSON
tried	O
to	O
steer	O
to	O
Sperry	B-ORG
a	O
multimillion	B-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
contract	O
to	O
computerize	O
maintenance	O
of	O
certain	O
Navy	B-ORG
electronics	O
equiment	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Tomlin	B-PERSON
,	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
illegally	O
provided	O
Mr.	O
Lavelle	B-PERSON
with	O
inside	O
information	O
and	O
documents	O
intended	O
to	O
give	O
Sperry	B-ORG
an	O
unfair	O
advantage	O
in	O
the	O
competition	O
,	O
the	O
documents	O
said	O
.	O


Sperry	B-ORG
ultimately	O
was	O
eliminated	O
from	O
the	O
competition	O
without	O
receiving	O
the	O
work	O
.	O


Documents	O
filed	O
by	O
prosecutors	O
also	O
indicate	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Lavelle	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
fellow	O
conspirators	O
requested	O
and	O
obtained	O
``	O
approval	O
of	O
the	O
scheme	O
''	O
from	O
more	O
-	O
senior	O
Sperry	B-ORG
officials	O
``	O
because	O
the	O
payment	O
which	O
-LCB-	O
Mr	O
.	O
-RCB-	O
Tomlin	B-PERSON
requested	O
was	O
so	O
large	O
.	O
''	O


Charles	B-PERSON
Gardner	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
Unisys	B-ORG
vice	O
president	O
,	O
and	O
James	B-PERSON
Neal	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
company	O
consultant	O
,	O
have	O
admitted	O
participating	O
in	O
this	O
and	O
other	O
bribery	O
schemes	O
.	O


Unisys	B-ORG
has	O
said	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
officials	O
who	O
participated	O
in	O
improper	O
activities	O
have	O
left	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lavelle	B-PERSON
faces	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
jail	O
and	O
a	O
$	O
500,000	B-MONEY
fine	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
said	O
a	O
seat	O
was	O
sold	O
for	O
$	O
500,000	B-MONEY
,	O
unchanged	O
from	O
the	O
sale	O
Thursday	B-DATE
.	O


Seats	O
are	O
quoted	O
at	O
$	O
430,000	B-MONEY
bid	O
and	O
$	O
525,000	B-MONEY
asked	O
.	O


Bureaucrats	O
may	O
deserve	O
their	O
bad	O
reputation	O
,	O
after	O
all	O
.	O


Matthew	B-PERSON
Lesko	I-PERSON
,	O
something	O
of	O
a	O
professional	O
defender	O
of	O
government	O
,	O
thought	O
he	O
had	O
a	O
sure	O
-	O
fire	O
winner	O
last	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
when	O
he	O
offered	O
$	O
5,000	B-MONEY
for	O
the	O
best	O
``	O
verifiable	O
story	O
of	O
250	B-CARDINAL
words	O
or	O
less	O
about	O
how	O
a	O
government	O
bureaucrat	O
helped	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
sent	O
out	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
news	O
releases	O
from	O
his	O
Kensington	B-GPE
,	O
Md.	B-GPE
,	O
office	O
.	O


He	O
plugged	O
the	O
contest	O
on	O
Larry	B-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
radio	O
show	O
,	O
on	O
Pat	B-PERSON
Sajak	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
television	O
show	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
C	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
SPAN	I-ORG
cable	O
television	O
network	O
.	O


He	O
talked	O
about	O
it	O
in	O
every	O
speech	O
he	O
made	O
as	O
he	O
roamed	O
the	O
country	O
promoting	O
his	O
books	O
,	O
which	O
dispense	O
handy	O
how	O
-	O
to	O
advice	O
on	O
using	O
government	O
information	O
for	O
fun	O
and	O
profit	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lesko	B-PERSON
figured	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
flooded	O
with	O
entries	O
by	O
now	O
.	O


After	O
all	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
like	B-CARDINAL
15	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
bureaucrats	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
$	O
5,000	B-MONEY
,	O
he	O
has	O
promised	O
the	O
winner	O
a	O
``	B-WORK_OF_ART
My	I-WORK_OF_ART
Favorite	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bureaucrat	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	I-WORK_OF_ART
plaque	O
and	O
offered	O
each	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
runners	O
-	O
up	O
$	O
500	B-MONEY
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Lesko	B-PERSON
has	O
received	O
only	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
entry	O
.	O


To	O
make	O
matters	O
worse	O
,	O
the	O
lone	O
nomination	O
came	O
from	O
another	O
bureaucrat	O
:	O
A	O
woman	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Taxation	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
who	O
nominated	O
her	O
boss	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lesko	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
making	O
the	O
rules	O
as	O
he	O
goes	O
,	O
has	O
determined	O
that	O
bureaucrats	O
are	O
eligible	O
for	O
nomination	O
by	O
other	O
bureaucrats	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
says	O
he	O
would	O
prefer	O
to	O
get	O
nominations	O
from	O
rank	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
file	O
folks	O
.	O


He	O
admits	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
n't	O
had	O
much	O
luck	O
generating	O
free	O
publicity	O
for	O
his	O
contest	O
.	O


Newspapers	O
,	O
including	O
this	O
one	O
,	O
have	O
generally	O
ignored	O
his	O
news	O
releases	O
.	O


Talk	O
show	O
hosts	O
quickly	O
change	O
the	O
topic	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Lesko	B-PERSON
's	O
staff	O
is	O
beginning	O
to	O
wonder	O
whether	O
there	O
is	O
n't	O
some	O
larger	O
phenomenon	O
foiling	O
the	O
contest	O
.	O


``	O
Is	O
the	O
government	O
not	O
helping	O
anybody	O
?	O
''	O
asks	O
Toni	B-PERSON
Murray	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
assistant	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Lesko	B-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Lesko	B-PERSON
himself	O
is	O
n't	O
yet	O
prepared	O
to	O
accept	O
that	O
explanation	O
.	O


``	O
People	O
hate	O
to	O
write	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
Maybe	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
give	O
this	O
money	O
away	O
.	O
''	O


Maybe	O
Americans	B-NORP
are	O
just	O
so	O
annoyed	O
with	O
government	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
n't	O
interested	O
in	O
admitting	O
that	O
bureaucrats	O
come	O
in	O
handy	O
once	O
in	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
sponsored	O
a	O
contest	O
on	O
how	O
a	O
bureaucrat	O
mishandled	O
something	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Lesko	B-PERSON
admits	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
'd	O
get	O
5,000	B-CARDINAL
entries	O
.	O
''	O


Now	O
there	O
's	O
an	O
idea	O
.	O


How	O
interestingly	O
clever	O
of	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Goldberg	I-PERSON
to	O
use	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
pretend	O
advocacy	O
journalism	O
to	O
explain	O
his	O
perception	O
of	O
``	O
Days	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Rage	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
in	O
his	O
television	O
critique	O
-LRB-	O
Leisure	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Arts	I-ORG
,	O
Sept	B-DATE
11	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


He	O
chastises	O
Jo	B-PERSON
Franklin	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Trout	I-PERSON
for	O
her	O
inept	O
presentation	O
of	O
advocacy	O
journalism	O
,	O
judging	O
her	O
project	O
as	O
``	O
intellectually	O
slipshod	O
.	O
''	O


Was	O
not	O
the	O
title	O
very	O
clear	O
?	O


One	B-CARDINAL
example	O
he	O
gives	O
:	O
``	O
She	O
did	O
n't	O
ask	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
why	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
children	O
are	O
soldiers	O
throwing	O
stones	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Really	O
now	O
,	O
did	O
she	O
have	O
to	O
ask	O
?	O


Were	O
not	O
the	O
pictures	O
and	O
happenings	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
continuing	O
news	O
headlines	O
,	O
answers	O
enough	O
?	O


Mr.	O
Goldberg	B-PERSON
contends	O
that	O
even	O
as	O
``	O
propaganda	O
''	O
the	O
film	O
fails	O
because	O
it	O
presents	O
only	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
view	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
complain	O
about	O
their	O
treatment	O
;	O
of	O
course	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
feel	O
put	O
upon	O
.	O


But	O
his	O
complaint	O
that	O
``	O
Days	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Rage	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
does	O
n't	O
contain	O
balanced	O
comments	O
from	O
Israelis	B-NORP
about	O
how	O
badly	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
are	O
behaving	O
is	O
irrelevant	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
doing	O
a	O
documentary	O
on	O
apartheid	O
and	O
insisting	O
that	O
equal	O
time	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
how	O
terrific	O
white	O
South	B-NORP
Africans	I-NORP
are	O
.	O


This	O
film	O
did	O
emphasize	O
how	O
long	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
/	O
Palestinian	O
stalemate	O
has	O
existed	O
by	O
tracing	O
the	O
conflict	O
to	O
the	O
days	B-DATE
of	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
I	I-EVENT
when	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
tried	O
to	O
guarantee	O
both	O
a	O
Jewish	B-NORP
state	O
and	O
a	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
state	O
without	O
specifying	O
how	O
it	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
``	O
Days	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Rage	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
airing	O
with	O
before	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
after	O
packaging	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
repeated	O
delays	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
beginning	O
.	O


Every	O
issue	O
is	O
multisided	O
.	O


This	O
film	O
attempts	O
to	O
show	O
a	O
side	O
rarely	O
seen	O
in	O
our	O
media	O
.	O


Now	O
we	O
must	O
endure	O
a	O
rash	O
of	O
critics	O
who	O
apparently	O
wish	O
to	O
know	O
details	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
side	O
only	O
.	O


Salaam	O
.	O


Shalom	O
.	O


Charlotte	B-PERSON
Carpenter	I-PERSON
Bainbridge	B-GPE
Island	I-GPE
,	O
Wash	B-GPE
.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
wants	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
to	O
get	O
special	O
treatment	O
in	O
coping	O
with	O
the	O
across	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
board	O
spending	O
cuts	O
that	O
took	O
effect	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
asked	O
Congress	B-ORG
to	O
raise	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
from	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
the	O
amount	O
of	O
money	O
Defense	B-ORG
Secretary	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
may	O
shift	O
among	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
's	O
individual	O
programs	O
,	O
projects	O
and	O
activities	O
,	O
allowing	O
him	O
to	O
ease	O
the	O
pain	O
that	O
the	O
Gramm	B-LAW
-	I-LAW
Rudman	I-LAW
budget	O
law	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
inflict	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
request	O
is	O
approved	O
by	O
both	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
and	O
Senate	B-ORG
,	O
Mr.	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
would	O
need	O
only	O
permission	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Budget	I-ORG
to	O
move	O
the	O
money	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Senate	B-ORG
budget	O
analysts	O
.	O


That	O
would	O
give	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
flexibility	O
that	O
no	O
other	O
federal	O
agency	O
has	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
simply	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
making	O
the	O
cuts	O
less	O
onerous	O
for	O
defense	O
than	O
they	O
are	O
for	O
domestic	O
programs	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Chairman	O
James	B-PERSON
Sasser	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Tenn	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Budget	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
who	O
said	O
he	O
would	O
oppose	O
the	O
request	O
.	O


``	O
That	O
is	O
n't	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
discipline	O
that	O
Gramm	B-LAW
-	I-LAW
Rudman	I-LAW
is	O
supposed	O
to	O
impose	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
president	O
's	O
request	O
did	O
n't	O
indicate	O
how	O
Mr.	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
would	O
shift	O
the	O
money	O
.	O


A	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
official	O
said	O
the	O
request	O
was	O
made	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
department	O
``	O
maximum	O
flexibility	O
''	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
cuts	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
Budget	B-ORG
Director	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Darman	I-PERSON
structured	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
16.1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
spending	O
reduction	O
,	O
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
which	O
must	O
come	O
from	O
defense	O
,	O
to	O
``	O
impose	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
more	O
discipline	O
''	O
by	O
applying	O
cuts	O
to	O
each	O
individual	O
program	O
,	O
project	O
or	O
activity	O
in	O
the	O
budget	O
.	O


That	O
would	O
give	O
agencies	O
``	O
less	O
ability	O
...	O
to	O
fudge	O
over	O
things	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
told	O
reporters	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
deficit	O
-	O
reduction	O
law	O
,	O
4.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
's	O
money	O
and	O
5.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
other	O
agencies	O
'	O
money	O
has	O
been	O
canceled	O
.	O


Lawmakers	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
restore	O
the	O
funds	O
once	O
a	O
pending	O
deficit	O
-	O
cutting	O
measure	O
has	O
been	O
signed	O
into	O
law	O
.	O


Rochester	B-ORG
Telephone	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
completed	O
its	O
purchase	O
of	O
Urban	B-ORG
Telephone	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
of	O
Clintonville	B-GPE
,	O
Wis.	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
-	O
largest	O
unaffiliated	O
independent	O
telephone	O
company	O
in	O
that	O
state	O
.	O


Rochester	B-ORG
Telephone	I-ORG
said	O
the	O
acquisition	O
was	O
made	O
in	O
an	O
exchange	O
of	O
its	O
common	O
shares	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
shares	O
of	O
Urban	B-ORG
Telephone	I-ORG
,	O
but	O
a	O
price	O
was	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
.	O


Urban	B-ORG
is	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
telephone	O
subsidiary	O
in	O
Wisconsin	B-GPE
.	O


Since	O
June	B-DATE
,	O
Rochester	B-ORG
Telephone	I-ORG
signed	O
letters	O
of	O
intent	O
to	O
purchase	O
three	B-CARDINAL
other	O
Wisconsin	B-GPE
firms	O
.	O


A	O
bill	O
that	O
would	O
permit	O
the	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
financial	O
condition	O
of	O
securities	O
firms	O
'	O
holding	O
companies	O
is	O
facing	O
tough	O
opposition	O
from	O
some	O
Wall	O
Street	O
firms	O
,	O
which	O
argue	O
that	O
the	O
legislation	O
is	O
unnecessary	O
.	O


The	O
legislation	O
and	O
other	O
issues	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
hearings	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
by	O
the	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
Telecommunications	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
Subcommittee	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Subcommittee	I-ORG
.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
Breeden	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
new	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
,	O
has	O
n't	O
taken	O
a	O
formal	O
position	O
on	O
the	O
bill	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
also	O
require	O
investors	O
to	O
disclose	O
large	O
trades	O
and	O
give	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
additional	O
authority	O
during	O
market	O
emergencies	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
he	O
recently	O
told	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Banking	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
that	O
he	O
believes	O
the	O
agency	O
should	O
have	O
explicit	O
authority	O
to	O
monitor	O
debt	O
levels	O
at	O
holding	O
companies	O
and	O
affiliates	O
of	O
broker	O
-	O
dealers	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
frequently	O
used	O
to	O
issue	O
bridge	O
loans	O
.	O


The	O
bridge	O
loans	O
are	O
intended	O
to	O
provide	O
temporary	O
financing	O
for	O
acquisitions	O
.	O


Since	O
such	O
loans	O
are	O
often	O
refinanced	O
through	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
yield	O
junk	O
bonds	O
,	O
the	O
recent	O
woes	O
of	O
the	O
junk	O
-	O
bond	O
market	O
have	O
renewed	O
concerns	O
among	O
regulators	O
about	O
the	O
risks	O
associated	O
with	O
Wall	O
Street	O
firms	O
issuing	O
bridge	O
loans	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
Wall	O
Street	O
executives	O
argue	O
that	O
such	O
fears	O
are	O
unwarranted	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
July	B-DATE
6	I-DATE
letter	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Subcommittee	I-ORG
,	O
First	B-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
argued	O
that	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
no	O
retail	O
brokerage	O
firm	O
failed	O
during	O
the	O
1987	B-DATE
market	O
crash	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
current	O
rules	O
are	O
adequate	O
.	O


First	B-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
,	O
whose	O
holding	O
company	O
,	O
CS	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
larger	O
issuers	O
of	O
bridge	O
loans	O
on	O
Wall	O
Street	O
,	O
said	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
concerned	O
that	O
once	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
has	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
monitor	O
holding	O
companies	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
try	O
to	O
regulate	O
their	O
activities	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
proposal	O
,	O
while	O
well	O
-	O
intended	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
can	O
be	O
dangerously	O
misleading	O
because	O
the	O
likely	O
consequence	O
would	O
be	O
to	O
weaken	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
strengthen	O
the	O
control	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
has	O
exercised	O
for	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
over	O
the	O
financial	O
adequacy	O
and	O
viability	O
of	O
broker	O
-	O
dealers	O
,	O
''	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Raoul	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Duval	I-PERSON
,	O
managing	O
director	O
of	O
First	B-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
in	O
an	O
interview	O
.	O


The	O
bill	O
would	O
``	O
divert	O
scarce	O
resources	O
of	O
the	O
commission	O
away	O
from	O
broker	O
-	O
dealers	O
into	O
areas	O
which	O
simply	O
have	O
no	O
way	O
of	O
affecting	O
broker	O
-	O
dealers	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Raoul	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Duval	I-PERSON
said	O
.	O


Sources	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
and	O
on	O
Capitol	B-ORG
Hill	I-ORG
say	O
a	O
compromise	O
that	O
would	O
placate	O
the	O
industry	O
while	O
addressing	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
's	O
concerns	O
may	O
be	O
possible	O
.	O


An	O
aide	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Subcommittee	I-ORG
says	O
some	O
legislators	O
support	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
risk	O
disclosure	O
,	O
but	O
adds	O
:	O
``	O
nobody	O
is	O
wedded	O
to	O
the	O
language	O
in	O
the	O
bill	O
.	O
''	O


Edward	B-PERSON
O'Brien	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
securities	O
-	O
industry	O
trade	O
group	O
opposes	O
the	O
bill	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
written	O
but	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
``	O
hopeful	O
a	O
compromise	O
can	O
be	O
reached	O
to	O
achieve	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
's	O
goals	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
O'Brien	B-PERSON
will	O
elaborate	O
on	O
the	O
SIA	B-ORG
's	O
position	O
in	O
testimony	O
before	O
the	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
Telecommunications	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
Subcommittee	I-ORG
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


This	O
letter	O
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
David	B-PERSON
Asman	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Sept.	B-DATE
25	I-DATE
editorial	O
-	O
page	O
article	O
about	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
Castro	I-PERSON
,	O
``	O
Man	B-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Middle	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Drug	I-WORK_OF_ART
Trafficking	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


I	O
've	O
organized	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
exchanges	O
,	O
exhibitions	O
and	O
other	O
continuing	O
projects	O
between	O
Cuban	B-NORP
and	O
American	B-NORP
artists	O
.	O


In	O
any	O
matters	O
between	O
us	O
and	O
the	O
Cubans	B-NORP
there	O
can	O
be	O
no	O
simplicity	O
,	O
consequently	O
I	O
've	O
become	O
familiar	O
not	O
only	O
with	O
Cuban	B-NORP
art	O
and	O
artists	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
with	O
Cuban	B-NORP
bureaucrats	O
and	O
their	O
counterparts	O
in	O
our	O
own	O
government	O
.	O


Despite	O
levels	O
of	O
obstruction	O
,	O
incompetence	O
and	O
ensuing	O
frustration	O
of	O
mythic	O
proportion	O
,	O
these	O
projects	O
all	O
remain	O
,	O
in	O
my	O
mind	O
,	O
valuable	O
and	O
well	O
worth	O
the	O
effort	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
simple	O
reason	O
for	O
this	O
:	O
the	O
Cuban	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


Let	O
me	O
immediately	O
put	O
limits	O
to	O
whatever	O
nostalgic	O
notions	O
that	O
may	O
intimate	O
.	O


Those	O
``	O
people	O
''	O
to	O
whom	O
I	O
refer	O
are	O
not	O
some	O
heroic	O
,	O
indecipherable	O
quantity	O
;	O
they	O
are	O
artists	O
,	O
critics	O
,	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
,	O
grandmothers	O
,	O
even	O
some	O
employees	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Culture	I-ORG
,	O
all	O
of	O
whom	O
share	O
a	O
deep	O
belief	O
in	O
the	O
original	O
principles	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Cuban	I-EVENT
Revolution	I-EVENT
,	O
spelled	O
out	O
in	O
terms	O
such	O
as	O
equality	O
among	O
all	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
society	O
,	O
reverence	O
for	O
education	O
and	O
creative	O
expression	O
,	O
universal	O
rights	O
to	O
health	O
and	O
livelihood	O
,	O
housing	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
painters	O
growing	O
into	O
maturity	O
right	O
now	O
works	O
with	O
such	O
profoundly	O
held	O
humanist	O
assumptions	O
and	O
such	O
passionate	O
commitment	O
to	O
moral	O
and	O
ethical	O
principles	O
that	O
it	O
makes	O
Che	B-PERSON
Guevara	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
famous	O
linkages	O
of	O
art	O
,	O
idealism	O
and	O
revolution	O
seem	O
modest	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
these	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
my	O
real	O
respect	O
for	O
them	O
,	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
responding	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Asman	B-PERSON
's	O
opinions	O
of	O
their	O
country	O
.	O


The	O
Ochoa	B-PERSON
trial	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
,	O
with	O
its	O
revelations	O
of	O
deeply	O
rooted	O
and	O
widespread	O
corruption	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
summary	O
trial	O
and	O
execution	O
,	O
was	O
extremely	O
disturbing	O
to	O
everyone	O
who	O
has	O
ever	O
considered	O
himself	O
a	O
friend	O
of	O
Cuba	B-GPE
.	O


However	O
,	O
unacceptable	O
though	O
those	O
occurrences	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
,	O
they	O
still	O
provide	O
no	O
excuse	O
for	O
wholesale	O
departures	O
from	O
truth	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Asman	B-PERSON
should	O
make	O
distinctions	O
among	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
army	O
and	O
the	O
Cuban	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
not	O
interchangeable	O
,	O
since	O
they	O
are	O
motivated	O
to	O
act	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
circumstances	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
naivete	O
to	O
equate	O
a	O
government	O
's	O
policies	O
with	O
the	O
will	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
-LRB-	O
as	O
we	O
well	O
know	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
even	O
worse	O
folly	O
to	O
merge	O
the	O
clearly	O
divergent	O
agendas	O
of	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
military	O
and	O
the	O
state	O
bureaucracy	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Asman	B-PERSON
is	O
also	O
annoyed	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Castro	B-PERSON
has	O
resisted	O
collaboration	O
with	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
by	O
his	O
own	O
account	O
that	O
collaboration	O
has	O
been	O
devised	O
essentially	O
as	O
a	O
mechanism	O
for	O
acts	O
directly	O
hostile	O
to	O
the	O
Cuban	B-NORP
regime	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
facilitating	O
defections	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
little	O
disingenuous	O
to	O
be	O
surprised	O
that	O
Fidel	B-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
invite	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
to	O
violate	O
the	O
jurisdiction	O
of	O
the	O
Cuban	B-NORP
government	O
over	O
its	O
own	O
territory	O
.	O


We	O
badly	O
need	O
to	O
follow	O
fact	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
rhetoric	O
of	O
conventional	O
wisdom	O
.	O


Without	O
this	O
basic	O
level	O
of	O
attention	O
to	O
reality	O
,	O
our	O
policies	O
on	O
Cuba	B-GPE
will	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
as	O
counterproductive	O
as	O
they	O
have	O
for	O
30	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


From	O
my	O
own	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
qualities	O
of	O
humanity	O
,	O
creativity	O
and	O
warm	O
spirit	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
Cuban	B-NORP
people	O
excel	O
,	O
we	O
deny	O
ourselves	O
access	O
to	O
things	O
we	O
hold	O
dear	O
,	O
and	O
which	O
seem	O
to	O
run	O
in	O
such	O
short	O
supply	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
rational	O
justification	O
for	O
such	O
behavior	O
.	O


Rachel	B-PERSON
Weiss	I-PERSON
Brookline	B-GPE
,	O
Mass	B-GPE
.	O


ENGRAPH	B-ORG
INC.	I-ORG
recently	O
reported	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
earnings	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
mistakenly	O
shown	O
in	O
the	O
Quarterly	B-WORK_OF_ART
Earnings	I-WORK_OF_ART
Surprises	I-WORK_OF_ART
table	O
in	O
last	B-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
edition	O
to	O
be	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
average	O
of	O
analysts	O
'	O
estimates	O
.	O


Zacks	B-ORG
Investment	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
did	O
n't	O
adjust	O
one	B-CARDINAL
analyst	O
's	O
estimate	O
for	O
a	O
stock	O
split	O
,	O
which	O
therefore	O
was	O
artificially	O
high	O
.	O


Engraph	B-ORG
's	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
net	O
income	O
of	O
15	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
actually	O
was	O
7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
higher	O
than	O
the	O
adjusted	O
average	O
of	O
estimates	O
.	O


Investors	O
bailed	O
out	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
bonds	O
in	O
droves	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
driving	O
prices	O
lower	O
and	O
boosting	O
yields	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
bond	O
trader	O
estimated	O
that	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
general	O
obligation	O
bonds	O
were	O
put	O
up	O
for	O
sale	O
Friday	B-DATE
alone	O
.	O


While	O
that	O
represents	O
a	O
small	O
percentage	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
public	O
debt	O
outstanding	O
,	O
Friday	B-DATE
's	O
selling	O
followed	O
a	O
weeklong	O
effort	O
to	O
unload	O
the	O
bonds	O
by	O
a	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
of	O
institutional	O
and	O
individual	O
investors	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
've	O
never	O
seen	O
so	O
many	O
-LCB-	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
-RCB-	O
G.O.	O
's	O
up	O
for	O
sale	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
another	O
trader	O
.	O


``	O
Every	O
broker	O
has	O
blocks	O
of	O
every	O
size	O
and	O
maturity	O
.	O
''	O


Municipal	O
bond	O
analysts	O
said	O
the	O
sell	O
-	O
off	O
was	O
triggered	O
by	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
financial	O
health	O
,	O
rumors	O
of	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
900	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
bond	O
offering	O
coming	O
soon	O
,	O
and	O
political	O
uncertainty	O
.	O


A	O
spokesman	O
for	O
the	O
city	O
would	O
n't	O
confirm	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
bond	O
issue	O
,	O
but	O
did	O
say	O
that	O
a	O
general	O
obligation	O
offering	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
works	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
priced	O
sometime	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
before	O
the	O
November	B-DATE
mayoral	O
election	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
General	O
obligation	O
bonds	O
are	O
backed	O
by	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
overall	O
revenues	O
and	O
credit	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Although	O
many	O
investors	O
were	O
aware	O
that	O
a	O
bond	O
offering	O
was	O
being	O
scheduled	O
,	O
many	O
expected	O
a	O
much	O
smaller	O
amount	O
of	O
bonds	O
to	O
be	O
sold	O
.	O


The	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
city	O
will	O
issue	O
such	O
a	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
debt	O
was	O
interpreted	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
that	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
budgetary	O
problems	O
are	O
more	O
serious	O
than	O
had	O
been	O
expected	O
.	O


New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
largest	O
issuers	O
of	O
tax	O
-	O
exempt	O
bonds	O
,	O
sold	O
$	B-MONEY
750	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
municipal	O
bonds	O
just	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


There	O
have	O
been	O
reports	O
for	O
months	B-DATE
that	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
economy	O
is	O
weakening	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
October	B-DATE
1987	I-DATE
stock	O
market	O
crash	O
continues	O
to	O
make	O
itself	O
felt	O
.	O


The	O
recent	O
sharp	O
stock	O
market	O
decline	O
exacerbated	O
those	O
concerns	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
tax	O
revenues	O
are	O
falling	O
while	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
spending	O
needs	O
are	O
expanding	O
.	O


Rumors	O
persisted	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
that	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
credit	O
ratings	O
--	O
single	O
-	O
A	O
from	O
Moody	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Investors	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
single	O
-	O
A	O
-	O
minus	O
from	O
Standard	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Poor	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
--	O
are	O
at	O
risk	O
.	O


The	O
weakness	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
bonds	O
follows	O
a	O
warning	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
state	O
Comptroller	O
Edward	B-PERSON
Regan	I-PERSON
that	O
the	O
1987	B-DATE
crash	O
seriously	O
weakened	O
the	O
city	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
comptroller	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
city	O
's	O
glory	O
days	O
are	O
over	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Regan	B-PERSON
warned	O
mayoral	O
candidates	O
``	O
to	O
be	O
prepared	O
for	O
limited	O
options	O
and	O
constraints	O
on	O
service	O
increases	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
problems	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
now	O
-	O
evident	O
weakening	O
in	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
economy	O
.	O
''	O


New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
revised	O
financial	O
plan	O
,	O
due	O
out	O
later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
include	O
measures	O
to	O
balance	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
$	B-MONEY
27	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
budget	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
analysts	O
project	O
a	O
budget	O
gap	O
on	O
the	O
order	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
600	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
the	B-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
ending	I-DATE
June	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
,	O
although	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
own	O
budget	O
analysts	O
project	O
a	O
narrower	O
deficit	O
.	O


Mark	B-PERSON
Page	I-PERSON
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
deputy	O
director	O
of	O
finance	B-ORG
,	O
said	O
that	O
investors	O
'	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
financial	O
health	O
are	O
``	O
unwarranted	O
given	O
our	O
proven	O
ability	O
to	O
manage	O
ourselves	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
charges	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
critics	O
with	O
spreading	O
``	O
unfounded	O
emotional	O
rhetoric	O
.	O
''	O


There	O
are	O
also	O
questions	O
about	O
whether	O
a	O
new	O
and	O
inexperienced	O
mayor	O
can	O
manage	O
the	O
city	O
through	O
what	O
could	O
become	O
a	O
financial	O
crisis	O
.	O


The	O
leading	O
contender	O
for	O
the	O
mayoral	O
office	O
,	O
Democrat	B-NORP
David	B-PERSON
Dinkins	I-PERSON
,	O
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
recently	O
for	O
the	O
way	O
he	O
handled	O
his	O
personal	O
financial	O
affairs	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
controversy	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
uncertainty	O
about	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


Until	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Dinkins	B-PERSON
was	O
considered	O
a	O
shoo	O
-	O
in	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
market	O
can	O
adjust	O
to	O
good	O
news	O
or	O
bad	O
news	O
,	O
but	O
uncertainty	O
drives	O
people	O
wild	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Bernard	B-PERSON
B.	I-PERSON
Beal	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
executive	O
of	O
M.R.	B-ORG
Beal	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
securities	O
firm	O
that	O
specializes	O
in	O
the	O
municipal	O
market	O
.	O


Until	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
``	O
Everyone	O
felt	O
certain	O
they	O
knew	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
the	O
election	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
questions	O
raised	O
.	O
''	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
yields	O
on	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
general	O
obligation	O
bonds	O
jumped	O
half	B-CARDINAL
a	O
percentage	O
point	O
.	O


New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bonds	O
due	O
2018	B-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
were	O
quoted	O
late	O
Friday	B-DATE
at	O
a	O
price	O
to	O
yield	O
7.80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
compared	O
with	O
7.60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
Thursday	B-DATE
.	O


As	O
the	O
yield	O
on	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
general	O
obligation	O
bonds	O
rose	O
,	O
the	O
Bond	B-ORG
Buyer	I-ORG
20	B-CARDINAL
-	O
bond	O
general	O
obligation	O
index	O
,	O
the	O
mostly	O
widely	O
followed	O
gauge	O
of	O
the	O
tax	O
-	O
exempt	O
market	O
,	O
held	O
steady	O
at	O
7.19	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
Oct.	I-DATE
19	I-DATE
.	O


Financial	O
printer	O
Bowne	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
formed	O
a	O
business	O
translation	O
service	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
provide	O
legal	O
,	O
financial	O
and	O
other	O
services	O
in	O
most	O
major	O
languages	O
,	O
including	O
Japanese	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
Chinese	B-LANGUAGE
and	O
Russian	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Finance	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
strongly	O
denied	O
playing	O
any	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
stock	O
-	O
price	O
free	O
fall	O
.	O


Makoto	B-PERSON
Utsumi	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
minister	O
for	O
international	O
affairs	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
ministry	O
did	O
n't	O
in	O
any	O
way	O
suggest	O
to	O
Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
that	O
they	O
stay	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
UAL	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
leveraged	O
buy	O
-	O
out	O
.	O


The	O
ministry	O
has	O
never	O
even	O
suggested	O
that	O
Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
be	O
cautious	O
about	O
leveraged	O
buy	O
-	O
outs	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Utsumi	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
are	O
no	O
facts	O
-LCB-	O
behind	O
the	O
assertions	O
-RCB-	O
that	O
we	O
sent	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
signal	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
declared	O
in	O
an	O
interview	O
.	O


The	O
comments	O
were	O
the	O
ministry	O
's	O
first	O
detailed	O
public	O
statement	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
,	O
and	O
reflect	O
the	O
ministry	O
's	O
concern	O
that	O
foreigners	O
will	O
think	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
using	O
its	O
tremendous	O
financial	O
power	O
to	O
control	O
events	O
in	O
foreign	O
markets	O
.	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
accounts	O
of	O
the	O
events	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
190	B-CARDINAL
point	O
drop	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
stock	O
prices	O
on	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
accused	O
the	O
ministry	O
of	O
pulling	O
the	O
plug	O
on	O
the	O
UAL	B-ORG
deal	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
reason	O
or	O
another	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Utsumi	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
most	O
the	O
ministry	O
had	O
ever	O
done	O
was	O
ask	O
Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
about	O
``	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
their	O
participation	O
''	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
previous	O
U.S.	B-GPE
leveraged	O
buy	O
-	O
out	O
.	O


The	O
ministry	O
inquired	O
about	O
that	O
deal	O
--	O
which	O
Mr.	O
Utsumi	B-PERSON
declined	O
to	O
identify	O
--	O
because	O
the	O
large	O
presence	O
of	O
Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
in	O
the	O
deal	O
was	O
``	O
being	O
strongly	O
criticized	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
Congress	B-ORG
''	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
``	O
necessary	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
grasp	O
the	O
situation	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
said	O
the	O
inquiry	O
was	O
n't	O
made	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
the	O
banks	O
could	O
have	O
interpreted	O
as	O
either	O
encouraging	O
or	O
discouraging	O
participation	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
added	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
changed	O
their	O
posture	O
on	O
the	O
deal	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
inquiry	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Utsumi	B-PERSON
also	O
said	O
some	O
Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
were	O
willing	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
UAL	B-ORG
financing	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
very	O
end	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
suggest	O
at	O
the	O
very	O
least	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
n't	O
under	O
orders	O
to	O
back	O
out	O
.	O


In	O
general	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Utsumi	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
are	O
becoming	O
more	O
``	O
independent	O
''	O
in	O
their	O
approach	O
to	O
overseas	O
deals	O
.	O


``	O
Each	O
Japanese	B-NORP
bank	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
judgment	O
on	O
the	O
profits	O
and	O
risks	O
in	O
that	O
-LCB-	O
UAL	O
-RCB-	O
deal	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
are	O
becoming	O
more	O
independent	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
sound	O
phenomenon	O
.	O
''	O


Sanwa	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Japanese	B-NORP
bank	O
that	O
decided	O
not	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
UAL	B-ORG
proposal	O
.	O


A	O
Sanwa	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
spokesman	O
denied	O
that	O
the	O
finance	O
ministry	O
played	O
any	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
decision	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
made	O
our	O
own	O
decision	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Utsumi	B-PERSON
may	O
have	O
a	O
hard	O
time	O
convincing	O
market	O
analysts	O
who	O
have	O
rightly	O
or	O
wrongly	O
believed	O
that	O
the	O
ministry	O
played	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
orchestrating	O
recent	O
moves	O
by	O
Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
.	O


All	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
there	O
has	O
been	O
much	O
speculation	O
in	O
financial	O
circles	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
and	O
abroad	O
about	O
the	O
ministry	O
's	O
real	O
position	O
.	O


Bank	O
analysts	O
say	O
ministry	O
officials	O
have	O
been	O
growing	O
increasingly	O
concerned	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
about	O
Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
getting	O
in	O
over	O
their	O
heads	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
-LCB-	O
ministry	O
-RCB-	O
thinks	O
the	O
banks	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
doing	O
,	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
very	O
little	O
idea	O
how	O
to	O
cope	O
with	O
risk	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
one	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
bank	O
analyst	O
who	O
asked	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
identified	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
-LCB-	O
ministry	O
-RCB-	O
wants	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
pull	O
in	O
their	O
horns	O
''	O
on	O
leveraged	O
buy	O
-	O
outs	O
,	O
he	O
added	O
.	O


Although	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
proposed	O
bid	O
for	O
UAL	B-ORG
bowed	O
out	O
because	O
they	O
found	O
the	O
terms	O
unattractive	O
,	O
observers	O
here	O
say	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
hard	O
time	O
believing	O
that	O
commercial	O
considerations	O
were	O
the	O
only	O
reason	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
are	O
under	O
``	O
political	O
pressure	O
''	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
the	O
analyst	O
said	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
analysts	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
have	O
a	O
reputation	O
for	O
doing	O
deals	O
that	O
are	O
n't	O
extremely	O
profitable	O
if	O
they	O
offer	O
the	O
chance	O
to	O
build	O
market	O
share	O
,	O
cement	O
an	O
important	O
business	O
relationship	O
or	O
curry	O
favor	O
with	O
powerful	O
bureaucrats	O
.	O


Clearly	O
,	O
some	O
financial	O
authorities	O
are	O
concerned	O
about	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
role	O
in	O
leveraged	O
buy	O
-	O
outs	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
news	O
conference	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Japan	I-ORG
Gov.	O
Satoshi	B-PERSON
Sumita	I-PERSON
cautioned	O
banks	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
``	O
prudent	O
''	O
stance	O
regarding	O
highly	O
leveraged	O
deals	O
.	O


Despite	O
Mr.	O
Sumita	B-PERSON
's	O
statements	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
the	B-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
,	O
not	O
the	O
central	O
bank	O
,	O
that	O
makes	O
policy	O
decisions	O
.	O


While	O
recent	O
events	O
may	O
cool	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
leveraged	O
buy	O
-	O
out	O
fever	O
,	O
Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
are	O
n't	O
likely	O
to	O
walk	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
game	O
.	O


Despite	O
the	O
risks	O
,	O
the	O
deals	O
can	O
be	O
an	O
attractive	O
way	O
for	O
Japanese	B-NORP
banks	O
to	O
increase	O
their	O
presence	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
market	O
,	O
bank	O
analysts	O
say	O
.	O


Flush	O
with	O
cash	O
at	O
home	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
fewer	O
customers	O
to	O
lend	O
to	O
,	O
leading	O
banks	O
are	O
eager	O
to	O
expand	O
overseas	O
.	O


Jumping	O
in	O
on	O
big	O
deals	O
is	O
a	O
high	O
profile	O
way	O
to	O
leapfrog	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
not	O
having	O
a	O
strong	O
retail	O
-	O
banking	O
network	O
.	O


France	B-GPE
's	O
national	O
tobacco	O
company	O
,	O
known	O
for	O
making	O
brown	O
-	O
tobacco	O
cigarettes	O
such	O
as	O
Gauloises	B-PRODUCT
and	O
Gitanes	B-PRODUCT
,	O
is	O
branching	O
out	O
.	O


Concerned	O
by	O
dipping	O
demand	O
for	O
its	O
traditional	O
products	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
moving	O
not	O
only	O
into	O
blonde	O
cigarettes	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
into	O
electronic	O
car	O
-	O
parking	O
payment	O
cards	O
to	O
be	O
sold	O
in	O
neighborhood	O
tobacco	O
stores	O
.	O


Brown	O
tobacco	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
more	O
pungent	O
,	O
stronger	O
grade	O
than	O
the	O
lighter	O
grade	O
,	O
or	O
blonde	O
tobacco	O
,	O
used	O
in	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
American	B-NORP
-	O
style	O
cigarettes	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
are	O
n't	O
Philip	B-ORG
Morris	I-ORG
Cos.	I-ORG
,	O
''	O
says	O
Bertrand	B-PERSON
de	I-PERSON
Galle	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
government	O
-	O
owned	O
Societe	B-ORG
Nationale	I-ORG
d'Exploitation	I-ORG
Industrielle	I-ORG
des	I-ORG
Tabacs	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Allumettes	I-ORG
S.A.	I-ORG
,	O
known	O
as	O
Seita	B-ORG
.	O


He	O
says	O
that	O
because	O
Seita	B-ORG
's	O
profits	O
are	O
limited	O
by	O
government	O
-	O
controlled	O
cigarette	O
prices	O
,	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
cash	O
to	O
diversify	O
as	O
heavily	O
into	O
food	O
and	O
drink	O
as	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
concern	O
has	O
done	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Seita	B-ORG
's	O
net	O
profit	O
soared	O
150	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
461.6	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
French	I-MONEY
francs	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
73.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
on	O
sales	O
of	O
FFr	B-MONEY
27.68	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-	O
a	O
1.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
profit	O
margin	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Instead	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
in	O
an	O
interview	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
looking	O
for	O
ways	O
to	O
exploit	O
France	B-GPE
's	O
network	O
of	O
39,000	B-CARDINAL
tobacco	O
agents	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
cafes	O
.	O


While	O
Seita	B-ORG
does	O
n't	O
own	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
tabacs	O
,	O
its	O
close	O
alliance	O
with	O
them	O
offers	O
distribution	O
possibilities	O
.	O


One	O
proposal	O
is	O
to	O
introduce	O
a	O
new	O
payment	O
system	O
for	O
parking	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
.	O


Instead	O
of	O
paying	O
for	O
parking	O
by	O
putting	O
money	O
in	O
the	O
existing	O
machines	O
,	O
which	O
deliver	O
little	O
paper	O
receipts	O
,	O
drivers	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
buy	O
electronic	O
cards	O
in	O
local	O
tobacco	O
shops	O
.	O


Once	O
activated	O
,	O
the	O
card	O
would	O
sit	O
in	O
the	O
car	O
's	O
window	O
,	O
showing	O
traffic	O
wardens	O
how	O
much	O
time	O
the	O
motorist	O
could	O
remain	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
motorist	O
returned	O
to	O
his	O
car	O
he	O
could	O
turn	O
the	O
card	O
off	O
and	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
showed	O
time	O
remaining	O
,	O
save	O
it	O
for	O
later	B-DATE
.	O


Seita	B-ORG
is	O
a	O
partner	O
in	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Matra	B-ORG
SA	I-ORG
using	O
Japanese	B-NORP
technology	O
.	O


Seita	B-ORG
and	O
Matra	B-ORG
currently	O
are	O
negotiating	O
with	O
city	O
officials	O
for	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
begin	O
service	O
.	O


And	O
Seita	B-ORG
is	O
considering	O
further	O
diversification	O
.	O


It	O
wanted	O
to	O
buy	O
RJR	B-ORG
Nabisco	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
French	B-NORP
cracker	O
subsidiary	O
,	O
Belin	B-ORG
,	O
in	O
hopes	O
of	O
selling	O
its	O
products	O
in	O
tobacco	O
stores	O
,	O
but	O
lost	O
the	O
bidding	O
to	O
food	O
group	O
BSN	B-ORG
SA	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
currently	O
is	O
considering	O
bidding	O
for	O
Swedish	B-ORG
Match	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


And	O
it	O
retains	O
an	O
interest	O
in	O
acquiring	O
candies	O
and	O
other	O
articles	O
that	O
might	O
be	O
sold	O
in	O
tobacco	O
shops	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
shore	O
up	O
its	O
tobacco	O
business	O
.	O


Brown	O
-	O
tobacco	O
cigarettes	O
such	O
as	O
Gauloises	B-PRODUCT
now	O
make	O
up	O
just	B-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
tobacco	O
market	O
,	O
half	B-CARDINAL
the	O
level	O
of	O
about	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
decades	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


While	O
Seita	B-ORG
retains	O
a	O
manufacturing	O
monopoly	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
is	O
being	O
hurt	O
by	O
rising	O
imports	O
and	O
from	O
waning	O
cigarette	O
demand	O
.	O


So	O
Seita	B-ORG
has	O
introduced	O
blonde	O
cigarettes	O
under	O
the	O
Gauloises	B-PRODUCT
label	O
,	O
and	O
intends	O
to	O
relaunch	O
the	O
unsuccessful	O
Gitanes	B-PRODUCT
Blondes	I-PRODUCT
in	O
new	O
packaging	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
slide	O
-	O
packs	O
used	O
by	O
brown	O
-	O
tobacco	O
Gitanes	B-PRODUCT
.	O


The	O
aim	O
,	O
says	O
Mr.	O
de	B-PERSON
Galle	I-PERSON
,	O
is	O
to	O
win	O
market	O
share	O
from	O
imported	O
cigarettes	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
persuade	O
smokers	O
who	O
are	O
switching	O
to	O
blonde	O
cigarettes	O
to	O
keep	O
buying	O
French	B-NORP
.	O


When	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
upheld	O
Missouri	B-GPE
's	O
abortion	O
restrictions	O
last	B-DATE
July	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
justices	O
almost	O
certainly	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
drunk	O
driving	O
,	O
trespassing	O
and	O
false	O
imprisonment	O
on	O
their	O
minds	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
5	B-CARDINAL
-	O
4	O
ruling	O
may	O
have	O
had	O
as	O
much	O
immediate	O
impact	O
on	O
those	O
activities	O
--	O
especially	O
trespassing	O
--	O
as	O
on	O
abortion	O
rights	O
.	O


The	O
decision	O
,	O
Webster	B-PERSON
vs.	O
Reproductive	B-ORG
Health	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
,	O
illustrates	O
how	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
rulings	O
often	O
have	O
a	O
ripple	O
effect	O
,	O
spreading	O
into	O
areas	O
of	O
law	O
and	O
policy	O
that	O
were	O
n't	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
actual	O
cases	O
decided	O
and	O
that	O
never	O
were	O
contemplated	O
by	O
the	O
justices	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
Missouri	B-GPE
case	O
,	O
unforeseen	O
consequences	O
may	O
have	O
arisen	O
because	O
the	O
high	O
court	O
reinstated	O
the	O
preamble	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
1986	B-DATE
abortion	O
law	O
.	O


The	O
preamble	O
says	O
that	O
human	O
life	O
begins	O
at	O
conception	O
and	O
that	O
unborn	O
children	O
have	O
rights	O
protected	O
by	O
the	B-LAW
Constitution	I-LAW
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
federal	O
appeals	O
court	O
in	O
St.	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE
said	O
the	O
preamble	O
was	O
unconstitutional	O
,	O
citing	O
an	O
earlier	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
ruling	O
that	O
states	O
ca	O
n't	O
justify	O
stricter	O
abortion	O
curbs	O
by	O
changing	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
when	O
life	O
begins	O
.	O


But	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
concluded	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
premature	O
to	O
rule	O
on	O
the	O
constitutionality	O
of	O
the	O
preamble	O
because	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
human	O
life	O
had	O
n't	O
yet	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
restrict	O
abortion	O
services	O
.	O


The	O
high	O
court	O
majority	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
state	O
courts	O
for	O
now	B-DATE
to	O
decide	O
whether	O
the	O
definition	O
has	O
any	O
bearing	O
on	O
other	O
state	O
laws	O
.	O


Already	O
,	O
local	O
Missouri	B-GPE
judges	O
have	O
relied	O
on	O
the	O
restored	O
preamble	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
separate	O
cases	O
to	O
throw	O
out	O
criminal	O
trespass	O
charges	O
against	O
anti-abortion	O
demonstrators	O
who	O
blocked	O
access	O
to	O
Reproductive	B-ORG
Health	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
abortion	O
clinic	O
in	O
St.	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
protesters	O
said	O
their	O
actions	O
were	O
justified	O
by	O
the	O
desire	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
unborn	O
children	O
.	O


Under	O
a	O
1981	B-DATE
Missouri	B-GPE
law	O
,	O
persons	O
accused	O
of	O
some	O
crimes	O
,	O
including	O
trespassing	O
,	O
may	O
offer	O
a	O
defense	O
that	O
their	O
actions	O
were	O
justified	O
``	O
as	O
an	O
emergency	O
measure	O
to	O
avoid	O
an	O
imminent	O
public	O
or	O
private	O
injury	O
.	O
''	O


Relying	O
on	O
the	O
preamble	O
's	O
statement	O
that	O
a	O
fetus	O
is	O
an	O
unborn	O
child	O
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
St.	B-ORG
Louis	I-ORG
County	I-ORG
Circuit	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
judges	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
accepted	O
the	O
justification	O
that	O
the	O
abortion	O
clinic	O
protesters	O
were	O
trying	O
to	O
save	O
lives	O
.	O


In	O
another	O
case	O
,	O
a	O
protester	O
,	O
Ann	B-PERSON
O'Brien	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
convicted	O
of	O
trespass	O
before	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Webster	B-PERSON
ruling	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
her	O
appeal	O
was	O
argued	O
before	O
the	B-ORG
Missouri	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Appeals	I-ORG
,	O
her	O
lawyer	O
also	O
relied	O
on	O
the	O
preamble	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
Webster	B-PERSON
opinion	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
left	O
room	O
for	O
grass	O
to	O
grow	O
in	O
the	O
cracks	O
of	O
Roe	B-PERSON
vs.	O
Wade	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
this	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
cracks	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Mark	B-PERSON
Belz	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
St.	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE
lawyer	O
who	O
represented	O
Ms.	O
O'Brien	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
other	O
St.	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE
protesters	O
.	O


Roe	B-PERSON
vs.	O
Wade	B-PERSON
was	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
1973	B-DATE
decision	O
that	O
recognized	O
a	O
woman	O
's	O
right	O
to	O
abortion	O
.	O


Mario	B-PERSON
Mandina	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Kansas	B-ORG
City	I-ORG
Lawyers	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Life	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
if	O
abortion	O
foes	O
succeed	O
in	O
using	O
the	O
preamble	O
to	O
escape	O
prosecution	O
for	O
trespass	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
will	O
shut	O
down	O
abortion	O
in	O
Missouri	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
's	O
no	O
risk	O
to	O
the	O
protesters	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
keep	O
an	O
abortion	O
clinic	O
open	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
3,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
standing	O
outside	O
every	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O
''	O


That	O
would	O
be	O
an	O
ironic	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
case	O
in	O
which	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
expressly	O
stopped	O
short	O
of	O
overruling	O
Roe	B-PERSON
vs.	O
Wade	B-PERSON
.	O


In	O
two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
possible	O
consequences	O
of	O
the	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
ruling	O
appear	O
even	O
more	O
unintended	O
.	O


In	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
the	O
lawyer	O
for	O
a	O
20	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
resident	O
of	O
Columbia	B-GPE
,	O
Mo.	B-GPE
,	O
who	O
was	O
charged	O
with	O
drunk	O
driving	O
,	O
argued	O
that	O
his	O
client	O
should	O
be	O
treated	O
as	O
a	O
21	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
adult	O
because	O
his	O
actual	O
age	O
should	O
be	O
calculated	O
from	O
conception	O
,	O
not	O
from	O
birth	O
.	O


In	O
Missouri	B-GPE
,	O
those	O
caught	O
drinking	O
and	O
driving	O
between	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
ages	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
16	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
21	I-DATE
may	O
have	O
their	O
licenses	O
revoked	O
for	O
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
while	O
those	O
21	B-DATE
or	O
older	O
suffer	O
only	O
a	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
suspension	O
.	O


A	O
Boone	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
judge	O
rejected	O
the	O
motion	O
,	O
but	O
Daniel	B-PERSON
Dodson	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Jefferson	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
lawyer	O
,	O
says	O
he	O
has	O
appealed	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
a	O
case	O
filed	O
in	O
federal	O
court	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
lawyer	O
is	O
arguing	O
that	O
Missouri	B-GPE
authorities	O
are	O
wrongfully	O
imprisoning	O
the	O
fetus	O
of	O
a	O
pregnant	O
woman	O
who	O
is	O
in	O
jail	O
for	O
theft	O
and	O
forgery	O
.	O


In	O
terms	O
of	O
sheer	O
brutality	O
,	O
the	O
Somali	B-NORP
regime	O
of	O
Siad	B-ORG
Barre	I-ORG
may	O
rank	O
as	O
No.	O
1	B-CARDINAL
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
reason	O
that	O
Somalia	B-GPE
remains	O
in	O
obscurity	O
is	O
numbers	O
:	O
a	O
sparsely	O
populated	O
wasteland	O
of	O
8.5	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
spread	O
out	O
over	O
an	O
expanse	O
nearly	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
Texas	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Barre	B-PERSON
dictatorship	O
simply	O
is	O
limited	O
in	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
people	O
it	O
can	O
torture	O
and	O
kill	O
.	O


Beheading	O
small	O
children	O
,	O
stabbing	O
elderly	O
people	O
to	O
death	O
,	O
raping	O
and	O
shooting	O
women	O
,	O
and	O
burying	O
people	O
alive	O
are	O
just	O
a	O
few	O
of	O
the	O
grisly	O
activities	O
that	O
the	O
Somali	B-NORP
armed	O
forces	O
have	O
been	O
engaged	O
in	O
over	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Up	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
500,000	I-CARDINAL
Somalis	B-NORP
have	O
escaped	O
to	O
the	O
relative	O
safety	O
of	O
Marxist	B-NORP
Ethiopia	B-GPE
because	O
of	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
President	O
Barre	B-PERSON
's	O
troops	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
port	O
of	O
Berbera	B-GPE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
men	O
of	O
the	O
rival	O
Issak	B-NORP
clan	O
were	O
rounded	O
up	O
in	O
May	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
,	O
imprisoned	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
taken	O
out	O
at	O
night	B-TIME
in	O
groups	O
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
men	O
to	O
be	O
executed	O
without	O
any	O
judicial	O
process	O
whatsoever	O
.	O


Guns	O
were	O
never	O
used	O
:	O
Each	O
man	O
was	O
stabbed	O
to	O
death	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
knife	O
.	O


The	O
horrific	O
details	O
are	O
only	O
now	O
emerging	O
from	O
a	O
painstakingly	O
documented	O
report	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
interviews	O
with	O
randomly	O
selected	O
refugees	O
.	O


The	O
study	O
was	O
done	O
by	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Gersony	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
consultant	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
who	O
has	O
years	O
of	O
experience	O
in	O
investigating	O
human	O
-	O
rights	O
abuses	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
left	O
-	O
right	O
ideological	O
divide	O
.	O


What	O
gives	O
these	O
events	O
particular	O
significance	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
wider	O
drama	O
affecting	O
the	O
strategic	O
positions	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
on	O
the	O
horn	O
of	O
Africa	B-LOC
.	O


Not	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
has	O
the	O
horn	O
been	O
so	O
up	O
for	O
grabs	O
as	O
it	O
has	O
suddenly	O
become	O
in	O
just	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Barre	B-PERSON
's	O
rule	O
is	O
crumbling	O
fast	O
.	O


Mutinies	O
wrack	O
his	O
armed	O
forces	O
-LRB-	O
really	O
just	O
an	O
armed	O
gang	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
which	O
control	O
less	O
than	O
half	B-CARDINAL
the	O
country	O
.	O


Inflation	O
is	O
at	O
record	O
levels	O
.	O


Desperate	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
called	O
in	O
the	O
Libyans	B-NORP
to	O
help	O
fight	O
the	O
rebels	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Somali	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Movement	I-ORG
in	O
the	O
north	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
only	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
of	O
several	O
groups	O
picking	O
away	O
at	O
the	O
regime	O
in	O
the	O
capital	O
of	O
Mogadishu	B-GPE
.	O


Seventy	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
and	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
declared	O
``	O
scientific	O
socialist	O
,	O
''	O
President	O
Barre	B-PERSON
has	O
a	O
power	O
base	O
,	O
composed	O
only	O
of	O
his	O
minority	O
Mareham	B-PERSON
clan	O
,	O
that	O
according	O
to	O
observers	O
is	O
``	O
narrowing	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
's	O
interest	O
in	O
Somalia	B-GPE
consists	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
runway	O
at	O
the	O
port	O
of	O
Berbera	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
U.S.	B-GPE
military	O
aircraft	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
use	O
for	O
surveillance	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
of	I-LOC
Aden	I-LOC
and	O
the	B-LOC
Indian	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
.	O


That	O
strip	O
of	O
concrete	O
is	O
backed	O
up	O
by	O
a	O
few	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
story	O
,	O
air	O
-	O
conditioned	O
shacks	O
where	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
nationals	O
--	O
buttressed	O
by	O
imported	O
food	O
,	O
cold	O
soft	O
drinks	O
and	O
back	O
issues	O
of	O
Sports	B-ORG
Illustrated	I-ORG
--	O
maintain	O
radio	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
desert	O
behind	O
them	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
land	O
of	O
mass	O
executions	O
and	O
utter	O
anarchy	O
,	O
where	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Barre	B-PERSON
's	O
brutality	O
and	O
ineptitude	O
,	O
nobody	O
is	O
any	O
longer	O
in	O
control	O
.	O


As	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
rival	O
Soviet	B-NORP
-	O
backed	O
regime	O
of	O
Mengistu	B-PERSON
Haile	I-PERSON
Mariam	I-PERSON
held	O
a	O
total	O
gridlock	O
over	O
neighboring	O
Ethiopia	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
was	O
forced	O
to	O
accept	O
that	O
lonely	O
Berbera	B-GPE
runway	O
as	O
a	O
distant	O
No.	O
2	B-CARDINAL
to	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
'	O
array	O
of	O
airfields	O
next	O
door	O
.	O


But	O
due	O
to	O
dramatic	O
events	O
on	O
the	O
battlefield	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
and	O
weeks	B-DATE
,	O
those	O
Soviet	B-NORP
bases	O
may	O
soon	O
be	O
as	O
endangered	O
and	O
as	O
lonely	O
as	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
runway	O
.	O


On	O
Sept.	B-DATE
7	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
wrote	O
on	O
these	O
pages	O
about	O
the	O
killing	O
and	O
capturing	O
of	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
Ethiopian	B-NORP
soldiers	O
by	O
Eritrean	B-NORP
and	O
Tigrean	B-NORP
guerrillas	O
.	O


Recently	O
,	O
in	O
Wollo	B-GPE
province	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
Ethiopia	B-GPE
,	O
Tigrean	B-NORP
forces	O
have	O
killed	O
,	O
wounded	O
and	O
captured	O
an	O
additional	O
20,000	B-CARDINAL
government	O
troops	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Think	O
what	O
these	O
numbers	O
mean	O
--	O
considering	O
the	O
headline	O
space	O
devoted	O
to	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
deaths	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
small	O
country	O
of	O
little	O
strategic	O
importance	O
!	O
-RRB-	O


Tigrean	B-NORP
armies	O
are	O
now	O
200	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
north	O
of	O
Addis	B-GPE
Ababa	I-GPE
,	O
threatening	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Dese	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
would	O
cut	O
off	O
Mr.	O
Mengistu	B-PERSON
's	O
capital	O
from	O
the	O
port	O
of	O
Assab	B-GPE
,	O
through	O
which	O
all	O
fuel	O
and	O
other	O
supplies	O
reach	O
Addis	B-GPE
Ababa	I-GPE
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Mengistu	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
forced	O
to	O
transfer	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
troops	O
from	O
Eritrea	B-GPE
just	O
to	O
hold	O
the	O
town	O
,	O
thereby	O
risking	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
even	O
more	O
territory	O
in	O
Eritrea	B-GPE
only	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
Tigreans	B-NORP
at	O
bay	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Mengistu	B-PERSON
is	O
in	O
an	O
increasingly	O
weak	O
position	O
:	O
Half	B-CARDINAL
his	O
army	O
is	O
tied	O
down	O
defending	O
the	O
northern	O
city	O
of	O
Asmara	B-GPE
from	O
the	O
Eritreans	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
weaker	O
he	O
gets	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
he	O
turns	O
toward	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
for	O
help	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
Tigreans	B-NORP
are	O
communists	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
Eritreans	B-NORP
they	O
are	O
among	O
the	O
most	O
anti-Soviet	B-NORP
guerrillas	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
having	O
suffered	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
of	O
aerial	O
bombardment	O
by	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
-	O
supplied	O
Mengistu	B-PERSON
air	O
force	O
.	O


What	O
this	O
all	O
means	O
in	O
shorthand	O
is	O
that	O
Soviet	B-NORP
dominance	O
in	O
Ethiopia	B-GPE
is	O
collapsing	O
as	O
fast	O
as	O
President	O
Barre	B-PERSON
's	O
regime	O
in	O
Somalia	B-GPE
is	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
has	O
a	O
historic	O
opportunity	O
both	O
to	O
strike	O
a	O
blow	O
for	O
human	O
rights	O
in	O
Somalia	B-GPE
and	O
to	O
undo	O
the	O
superpower	O
flip	O
-	O
flop	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
on	O
the	B-LOC
Horn	I-LOC
of	I-LOC
Africa	I-LOC
.	O


Back	O
to	O
Somalia	B-GPE
:	O


The	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
to	O
its	O
credit	O
,	O
has	O
already	O
begun	O
distancing	O
itself	O
from	O
Mr.	O
Barre	B-PERSON
,	O
evinced	O
by	O
its	O
decision	O
to	O
publish	O
the	O
Gersony	B-PERSON
report	O
-LRB-	O
which	O
the	O
press	O
has	O
ignored	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
has	O
suspended	O
$	B-MONEY
2.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
military	O
aid	O
and	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
economic	O
aid	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
enough	O
.	O


Because	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
is	O
still	O
perceived	O
to	O
be	O
tied	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Barre	B-PERSON
,	O
when	O
he	O
goes	O
the	O
runway	O
could	O
go	O
too	O
.	O


Considering	O
how	O
tenuous	O
the	O
security	O
of	O
that	O
runway	O
is	O
anyway	O
,	O
the	O
better	O
option	O
--	O
both	O
morally	O
and	O
strategically	O
--	O
would	O
be	O
for	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
to	O
blast	O
the	O
regime	O
publicly	O
,	O
in	O
terms	O
clear	O
enough	O
for	O
all	O
influential	O
Somalis	B-NORP
to	O
understand	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
certainty	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Barre	B-PERSON
's	O
days	B-DATE
are	O
numbered	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
should	O
take	O
care	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
its	O
own	O
position	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
does	O
not	O
go	O
down	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Nobody	O
is	O
sure	O
what	O
will	O
come	O
next	O
in	O
Somalia	B-GPE
or	O
whom	O
the	O
successor	O
might	O
be	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
expert	O
tells	O
me	O
:	O
``	O
Whoever	O
it	O
is	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
work	O
pretty	O
damn	O
hard	O
to	O
be	O
worse	O
than	O
Barre	B-PERSON
.	O
''	O


While	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
positions	O
itself	O
for	O
the	O
post-Barre	B-PERSON
period	O
in	O
Somalia	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
should	O
continue	O
to	O
back	O
former	O
President	O
Carter	B-PERSON
's	O
well	O
-	O
intentioned	O
role	O
as	O
a	O
mediator	O
between	O
Mr.	O
Mengistu	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
Eritrean	B-NORP
guerrillas	O
in	O
Ethiopia	B-GPE
,	O
while	O
concomitantly	O
opening	O
up	O
channels	O
of	O
communications	O
with	O
the	O
Tigrean	B-NORP
rebels	O
through	O
neighboring	O
Sudan	B-GPE
.	O


Ethiopian	B-NORP
politics	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
sophisticated	O
,	O
secretive	O
and	O
Byzantine	B-NORP
in	O
all	O
of	O
black	O
Africa	B-LOC
.	O


Remember	O
that	O
it	O
took	O
Mr.	O
Mengistu	B-PERSON
many	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
what	O
became	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
``	O
creeping	O
coup	O
,	O
''	O
to	O
topple	O
Emperor	O
Haile	B-PERSON
Selassie	I-PERSON
in	O
1974	B-DATE
and	O
1975	B-DATE
.	O


There	O
is	O
simply	O
no	O
way	O
to	O
engineer	O
a	O
succession	O
covertly	O
,	O
as	O
is	O
sometimes	O
possible	O
elsewhere	O
on	O
the	O
continent	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
has	O
one	O
great	O
advantage	O
:	O
The	O
Soviets	B-NORP
are	O
universally	O
loathed	O
throughout	O
Ethiopia	B-GPE
for	O
what	O
they	O
did	O
to	O
the	O
country	O
this	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
--	O
famine	O
and	O
all	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
just	O
in	O
Eastern	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
where	O
the	O
march	O
of	O
events	O
is	O
finally	O
on	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
side	O
,	O
but	O
on	O
the	O
horn	O
of	O
Africa	B-LOC
as	O
well	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
U.S.	B-GPE
liability	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
is	O
what	O
remains	O
of	O
the	O
link	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Barre	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
that	O
should	O
be	O
cut	O
fast	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kaplan	B-PERSON
,	O
author	O
of	O
``	O
Surrender	B-WORK_OF_ART
or	I-WORK_OF_ART
Starve	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Wars	I-WORK_OF_ART
Behind	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Famine	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
-LRB-	O
Westview	B-ORG
Press	I-ORG
,	O
1988	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
lives	O
in	O
Lisbon	B-GPE
.	O


Translant	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Rancho	B-GPE
Cucamonga	I-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
,	O
got	O
an	O
$	B-MONEY
86	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Navy	B-ORG
contract	O
for	O
missile	O
-	O
launch	O
systems	O
.	O


General	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
received	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
30.6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Air	B-ORG
Force	I-ORG
contract	O
for	O
MX	B-PRODUCT
-	O
missile	O
nose	O
cones	O
.	O


Goodyear	B-ORG
Tire	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Rubber	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
was	O
awarded	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
19.1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Army	B-ORG
contract	O
for	O
armored	O
-	O
vehicle	O
parts	O
.	O


Analytic	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
was	O
awarded	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
10.1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Air	B-ORG
Force	I-ORG
contract	O
for	O
technical	O
support	O
.	O


Canada	B-GPE
's	O
consumer	O
price	O
index	O
rose	O
a	O
seasonally	O
adjusted	O
0.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
September	B-DATE
from	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
Statistics	B-ORG
Canada	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
federal	O
agency	O
,	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
rise	O
followed	O
boosts	O
of	O
0.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
0.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
July	B-DATE
and	O
0.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
June	B-DATE
.	O


OPEC	B-ORG
's	O
ability	O
to	O
produce	O
more	O
petroleum	O
than	O
it	O
can	O
sell	O
is	O
beginning	O
to	O
cast	O
a	O
shadow	O
over	O
world	O
oil	O
markets	O
.	O


Output	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Exporting	I-ORG
Countries	I-ORG
is	O
already	O
at	O
a	O
high	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
most	O
member	O
nations	O
are	O
running	O
flat	O
out	O
.	O


But	O
industry	O
and	O
OPEC	B-ORG
officials	O
agree	O
that	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
members	O
still	O
have	O
enough	O
unused	O
capacity	O
to	O
glut	O
the	O
market	O
and	O
cause	O
an	O
oil	O
-	O
price	O
collapse	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
now	I-DATE
if	O
OPEC	B-ORG
does	O
n't	O
soon	O
adopt	O
a	O
new	O
quota	O
system	O
to	O
corral	O
its	O
chronic	O
cheaters	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
effort	O
by	O
some	O
oil	O
ministers	O
to	O
get	O
OPEC	B-ORG
to	O
approve	O
a	O
new	O
permanent	O
production	O
-	O
sharing	O
agreement	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
is	O
taking	O
on	O
increasing	O
urgency	O
.	O


The	O
organization	O
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
meet	O
in	O
Vienna	B-GPE
beginning	O
Nov.	B-DATE
25	I-DATE
.	O


So	O
far	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
rising	O
demand	O
for	O
OPEC	B-ORG
oil	O
and	O
production	O
restraint	O
by	O
some	O
members	O
have	O
kept	O
prices	O
firm	O
despite	O
rampant	O
cheating	O
by	O
others	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
could	O
change	O
if	O
demand	O
for	O
OPEC	B-ORG
's	O
oil	O
softens	O
seasonally	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
as	O
some	O
think	O
may	O
happen	O
.	O


OPEC	B-ORG
is	O
currently	O
producing	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
22	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
,	O
sharply	O
above	O
its	O
nominal	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
imposed	O
fourth	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
ceiling	O
of	O
20.5	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
,	O
according	O
to	O
OPEC	B-ORG
and	O
industry	O
officials	O
at	O
an	O
oil	O
conference	O
here	O
sponsored	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Oil	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Herald	I-ORG
Tribune	I-ORG
.	O


At	O
that	O
rate	O
,	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
OPEC	B-ORG
's	O
13	B-CARDINAL
members	O
have	O
reached	O
their	O
output	O
limits	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
estimated	O
that	O
at	B-QUANTITY
least	I-QUANTITY
three	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
--	O
and	O
possibly	O
as	B-QUANTITY
much	I-QUANTITY
as	I-QUANTITY
seven	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
--	O
of	O
spare	O
capacity	O
still	O
exists	O
within	O
OPEC	B-ORG
.	O


Most	O
is	O
concentrated	O
in	O
five	B-CARDINAL
Persian	B-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
countries	O
,	O
including	O
his	O
own	O
,	O
Issam	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Chalabi	I-PERSON
,	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
oil	O
minister	O
,	O
told	O
the	O
conference	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
puts	O
OPEC	B-ORG
's	O
current	O
capacity	O
at	O
28	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
29	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
higher	O
than	O
some	O
other	O
estimates	O
.	O


Ali	B-PERSON
Khalifa	I-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Sabah	I-PERSON
,	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
's	O
oil	O
minister	O
,	O
recently	O
estimated	O
OPEC	B-ORG
capacity	O
at	O
25	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
.	O


Either	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
overhang	O
is	O
big	O
enough	O
to	O
keep	O
delicately	O
balanced	O
oil	O
markets	O
on	O
edge	O
.	O


Even	O
modest	O
amounts	O
of	O
additional	O
output	O
by	O
those	O
with	O
the	O
huge	O
extra	O
capacity	O
and	O
reserves	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
and	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
could	O
upset	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


The	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
oil	O
minister	O
and	O
Saudi	B-NORP
oil	O
minister	O
Hisham	B-PERSON
Nazer	I-PERSON
insisted	O
in	O
their	O
comments	O
to	O
the	O
conference	O
that	O
their	O
countries	O
would	O
act	O
responsibly	O
to	O
maintain	O
a	O
stable	O
market	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
in	O
interviews	O
later	O
,	O
both	O
ministers	O
stressed	O
that	O
they	O
expect	O
future	O
OPEC	B-ORG
quotas	O
to	O
be	O
based	O
mainly	O
on	O
the	O
production	O
capacity	O
and	O
reserves	O
of	O
each	O
member	O
.	O


Under	O
that	O
approach	O
,	O
countries	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
unused	O
oil	O
capacity	O
would	O
get	O
bigger	O
shares	O
of	O
any	O
future	O
increases	O
in	O
OPEC	B-ORG
's	O
production	O
ceiling	O
than	O
they	O
would	O
under	O
the	O
current	O
system	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
you	O
are	O
already	O
producing	O
at	O
95	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
or	O
100	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
your	O
capacity	O
,	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
good	O
to	O
be	O
told	O
you	O
can	O
produce	O
at	O
105	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
capacity	O
?	O
''	O
asked	O
Mr.	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Chalabi	I-PERSON
.	O


At	O
an	O
inconclusive	O
Geneva	B-GPE
meeting	O
late	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
OPEC	B-ORG
's	O
oil	O
ministers	O
halfheartedly	O
approved	O
another	O
increase	O
of	O
one	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
in	O
their	O
production	O
ceiling	O
.	O


They	O
doled	O
it	O
out	O
using	O
the	O
existing	O
formula	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
which	O
meant	O
that	O
even	O
those	O
countries	O
that	O
could	O
n't	O
produce	O
more	O
received	O
higher	O
official	O
allotments	O
.	O


The	O
main	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
ceiling	O
boost	O
was	O
to	O
``	O
legitimize	O
''	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
overproduction	O
already	O
coming	O
from	O
the	O
quota	O
cheaters	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
breakthrough	O
at	O
Geneva	B-GPE
.	O


Previously	O
,	O
no	O
OPEC	B-ORG
member	O
had	O
been	O
willing	O
to	O
accept	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
its	O
percentage	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
's	O
total	O
output	O
target	O
,	O
or	O
ceiling	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
disproportionate	O
quotas	O
for	O
those	O
with	O
unused	O
capacity	O
,	O
advanced	O
there	O
in	O
an	O
Iranian	B-NORP
proposal	O
,	O
was	O
generally	O
endorsed	O
by	O
the	O
ministers	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
end	O
politics	O
got	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


Libya	B-GPE
accepted	O
Iran	B-GPE
's	O
proposal	O
only	O
so	O
long	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
promised	O
production	O
parity	O
with	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
.	O


And	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
Arab	I-GPE
Emirates	I-GPE
,	O
a	O
chronic	O
quota	O
cheater	O
,	O
refused	O
to	O
give	O
any	O
guarantee	O
it	O
would	O
change	O
its	O
ways	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
oil	O
ministers	O
continue	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
plan	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
probably	O
be	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
discussion	O
at	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
meeting	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
understood	O
several	O
compromises	O
already	O
have	O
been	O
worked	O
into	O
the	O
plan	O
.	O


The	O
ceiling	O
would	O
be	O
lifted	O
to	O
21.5	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
to	O
provide	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
Arab	I-GPE
Emirates	I-GPE
much	O
higher	O
official	O
quotas	O
while	O
reducing	O
percentage	O
shares	O
of	O
some	O
others	O
.	O


Libya	B-GPE
's	O
previous	O
conditions	O
are	O
no	O
longer	O
considered	O
a	O
problem	O
,	O
although	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
Arab	I-GPE
Emirates	I-GPE
is	O
still	O
an	O
issue	O
.	O


Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
,	O
OPEC	B-ORG
's	O
kingpin	O
,	O
also	O
has	O
surfaced	O
as	O
a	O
possible	O
obstacle	O
,	O
some	O
OPEC	B-ORG
sources	O
said	O
.	O


Insisting	O
on	O
a	O
24.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
share	O
of	O
any	O
ceiling	O
,	O
Saudi	B-NORP
officials	O
have	O
long	O
pressed	O
for	O
the	O
pro	O
rata	O
distribution	O
of	O
increases	O
to	O
all	O
members	O
.	O


In	O
Geneva	B-GPE
,	O
however	O
,	O
they	O
supported	O
Iran	B-GPE
's	O
proposal	O
because	O
it	O
would	O
have	O
left	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
percentage	O
of	O
the	O
OPEC	B-ORG
total	O
intact	O
,	O
and	O
increased	O
actual	O
Saudi	B-NORP
volume	O
to	O
nearly	B-QUANTITY
5.3	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
daily	B-DATE
from	O
five	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
modifications	O
since	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
call	O
on	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
to	O
``	O
give	O
back	O
''	O
to	O
the	O
production	O
-	O
sharing	O
pool	O
a	O
token	O
23,000	B-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Though	O
tiny	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
its	O
share	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Nazer	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
oil	O
minister	O
,	O
reiterated	O
here	O
that	O
the	O
kingdom	O
would	O
insist	O
on	O
maintaining	O
its	O
percentage	O
share	O
of	O
OPEC	B-ORG
production	O
under	O
any	O
quota	O
revisions	O
.	O


``	O
Under	O
any	O
circumstances	O
,	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
should	O
get	O
more	O
''	O
rather	O
than	O
less	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Nazer	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
blow	O
to	O
France	B-GPE
's	O
Rafale	B-PRODUCT
jet	O
fighter	O
,	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
navy	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
publicly	O
stated	O
its	O
desire	O
to	O
buy	O
15	B-CARDINAL
McDonnell	B-ORG
Douglas	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
F	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
18	I-PRODUCT
Hornets	I-PRODUCT
to	O
defend	O
its	O
aircraft	O
carriers	O
.	O


The	O
statement	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
sharpen	O
the	O
debate	O
within	O
France	B-GPE
's	O
military	O
establishment	O
over	O
the	O
Rafale	B-PRODUCT
,	O
which	O
is	O
made	O
by	O
Avions	B-ORG
Marcel	I-ORG
Dassault	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Breguet	I-ORG
Aviation	I-ORG
SA	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
an	O
interview	O
in	O
the	O
navy	O
's	O
official	O
weekly	B-DATE
magazine	O
Cols	B-ORG
Bleus	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
navy	O
's	O
second	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
command	O
,	O
Adm.	O
Yves	B-PERSON
Goupil	I-PERSON
,	O
said	O
the	O
navy	O
still	O
intends	O
to	O
buy	O
86	B-CARDINAL
Rafales	B-PRODUCT
as	O
scheduled	O
in	O
the	O
late	B-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
and	O
early	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
air	O
force	O
is	O
to	O
take	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
250	I-CARDINAL
more	O
.	O


Adm.	O
Goupil	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
navy	O
ca	O
n't	O
wait	O
until	O
1998	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
naval	O
Rafale	B-PRODUCT
becomes	O
available	O
,	O
to	O
replace	O
its	O
obsolete	O
fleet	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
-	O
made	O
Crusaders	B-PRODUCT
,	O
used	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
1950s	I-DATE
to	O
protect	O
carriers	O
from	O
attack	O
.	O


Rather	O
than	O
renovate	O
the	O
Crusaders	B-PRODUCT
,	O
which	O
Dassault	B-ORG
is	O
proposing	O
to	O
do	O
for	O
around	B-MONEY
1.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
French	I-MONEY
francs	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
286.6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
Adm.	O
Goupil	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
navy	O
wants	O
to	O
buy	O
used	O
F	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
18s	I-PRODUCT
from	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Navy	I-ORG
.	O


Officially	O
,	O
the	O
statement	O
is	O
n't	O
an	O
attack	O
on	O
the	O
Rafale	B-PRODUCT
.	O


Adm.	O
Goupil	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
when	O
the	B-PRODUCT
F	I-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
18s	I-PRODUCT
wear	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
navy	O
is	O
prepared	O
to	O
take	O
Rafales	B-PRODUCT
to	O
replace	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
unofficially	O
,	O
senior	O
navy	O
officials	O
sharply	O
criticize	O
the	O
Rafale	B-PRODUCT
as	O
an	O
air	O
force	O
plane	O
ill	O
-	O
suited	O
to	O
carrier	O
use	O
.	O


Although	O
they	O
never	O
said	O
so	O
publicly	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
made	O
no	O
secret	O
of	O
their	O
preference	O
for	O
the	B-PRODUCT
F	I-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
18	I-PRODUCT
on	O
operational	O
grounds	O
.	O


Adm.	O
Goupil	B-PERSON
's	O
comments	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
inflame	O
the	O
broader	O
dispute	O
within	O
the	O
military	O
establishment	O
here	O
over	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
Dassault	B-ORG
.	O


Although	O
government	O
-	O
controlled	O
,	O
Dassault	B-ORG
still	O
is	O
run	O
by	O
the	O
founder	O
's	O
son	O
,	O
Chairman	O
Serge	B-PERSON
Dassault	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
fiercely	O
protected	O
his	O
company	O
's	O
independence	O
.	O


The	O
Rafale	B-PRODUCT
project	O
is	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
France	B-GPE
's	O
inability	O
jointly	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
plane	O
with	O
other	O
countries	O
,	O
and	O
French	B-NORP
officials	O
question	O
whether	O
the	O
state	O
can	O
continue	O
paying	O
for	O
expensive	O
independent	O
programs	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Dassault	B-PERSON
has	O
resisted	O
pressure	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


What	O
brought	O
the	O
naval	O
issue	O
to	O
a	O
head	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
Crusaders	B-PRODUCT
are	O
literally	O
falling	O
apart	O
,	O
without	O
any	O
immediate	O
plan	O
to	O
replace	O
them	O
.	O


Adm.	O
Goupil	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
Crusader	B-PRODUCT
squadron	O
leader	O
,	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
last	O
other	O
country	O
to	O
use	O
Crusaders	B-PRODUCT
,	O
the	O
Philippines	B-GPE
,	O
retired	O
its	O
last	O
ones	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
French	B-NORP
Crusader	B-PRODUCT
crash	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
heightened	O
pressure	O
for	O
new	O
planes	O
here	O
.	O


Adm.	O
Goupil	B-PERSON
rejected	O
Dassault	B-ORG
's	O
proposal	O
to	O
renovate	O
the	O
Crusaders	B-PRODUCT
,	O
saying	O
the	O
cost	O
was	O
impossible	O
to	O
estimate	O
.	O


Even	O
modernized	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
the	O
Crusaders	B-PRODUCT
represent	O
an	O
obsolete	O
and	O
dangerous	O
protection	O
for	O
the	O
aircraft	O
carriers	O
France	B-GPE
has	O
sent	O
to	O
meet	O
such	O
crises	O
as	O
the	O
wars	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-LOC
Persian	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
.	O


Defense	B-ORG
Minister	O
Jean	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Pierre	I-PERSON
Chevenement	I-PERSON
told	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Anglo	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
American	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
that	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
modernizing	O
the	O
Crusaders	B-PRODUCT
or	O
buying	O
used	O
F18s	B-PRODUCT
is	O
a	O
``	O
political	O
''	O
decision	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
make	O
in	O
due	O
time	O
.	O


Spending	O
by	O
average	O
Japanese	B-NORP
households	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
fell	O
an	O
adjusted	O
1.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Statistics	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Prime	I-ORG
Minister	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
bureau	O
cited	O
typhoons	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
that	O
discouraged	O
shopping	O
and	O
leisure	O
opportunities	O
.	O


Spending	O
by	O
Japanese	B-NORP
households	O
averaged	O
290,782	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	O
2,052.10	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
nominal	O
terms	O
it	O
rose	O
0.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
before	O
adjustment	O
.	O


August	B-DATE
adjusted	O
spending	O
by	O
wage	O
-	O
earning	O
families	O
was	O
down	O
0.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
309,381	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
real	O
income	O
of	O
wage	O
-	O
earning	O
families	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
eased	O
1.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
438,845	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
from	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


For	O
Cathay	B-ORG
Pacific	I-ORG
Airways	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
smooth	O
ride	O
may	O
be	O
ending	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
signs	O
of	O
trouble	O
came	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
when	O
the	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
carrier	O
,	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Swire	B-ORG
Pacific	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
posted	O
a	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
drop	O
in	O
operating	O
profit	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
and	O
warned	O
that	O
margins	O
will	O
remain	O
under	O
pressure	O
for	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Securities	O
analysts	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
whom	O
scrapped	O
their	O
buy	O
recommendations	O
after	O
seeing	O
Cathay	B-ORG
's	O
interim	O
figures	O
,	O
believe	O
more	O
jolts	O
lie	O
ahead	O
.	O


Fuel	O
and	O
personnel	O
costs	O
are	O
rising	O
,	O
and	O
tourism	O
in	O
and	O
through	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
remains	O
clouded	O
by	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
turmoil	O
since	O
the	O
June	B-DATE
4	I-DATE
killings	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
delivery	O
delays	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
as	B-CARDINAL
many	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
28	I-CARDINAL
Boeing	B-ORG
747	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
400s	I-PRODUCT
that	O
the	O
carrier	O
has	O
ordered	O
have	O
raised	O
costs	O
because	O
personnel	O
had	O
been	O
hired	O
to	O
man	O
the	O
planes	O
.	O


And	O
tough	O
competition	O
in	O
the	O
air	O
-	O
freight	O
market	O
is	O
cutting	O
into	O
an	O
important	O
sideline	O
.	O


There	O
also	O
is	O
concern	O
that	O
once	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
reverts	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
sovereignty	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
Cathay	B-ORG
will	O
be	O
forced	O
to	O
play	O
second	B-ORDINAL
fiddle	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
often	O
-	O
disparaged	O
flag	O
carrier	O
,	O
Civil	B-ORG
Aviation	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
,	O
or	O
CAAC	B-ORG
.	O


``	O
The	O
sense	O
is	O
we	O
would	O
never	O
be	O
in	O
a	O
position	O
again	O
where	O
everything	O
works	O
for	O
us	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
did	O
before	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Rod	B-PERSON
Eddington	I-PERSON
,	O
Cathay	B-ORG
's	O
commercial	O
director	O
.	O


Sarah	B-PERSON
Hall	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
analyst	O
at	O
James	B-ORG
Capel	I-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
Far	I-ORG
East	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
there	O
is	O
n't	O
much	O
Cathay	B-ORG
can	O
do	O
about	O
rising	O
costs	O
for	O
jet	O
fuel	B-NORP
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
tight	O
labor	O
market	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
strengthening	O
of	O
the	O
local	O
currency	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
pegged	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
dollar	O
.	O


These	O
factors	O
are	O
further	O
complicated	O
by	O
the	O
airline	O
's	O
push	O
to	O
transform	O
itself	O
from	O
a	O
regional	O
carrier	O
to	O
an	O
international	O
one	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Hall	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Hall	B-PERSON
expects	O
Cathay	B-ORG
's	O
profit	O
to	O
grow	O
around	B-PERCENT
13	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
annually	B-DATE
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
next	O
.	O


In	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
earned	O
$	B-MONEY
2.82	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
-LRB-	O
US$	B-MONEY
361.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
on	O
revenue	O
of	O
HK$	B-MONEY
11.79	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Cathay	B-ORG
is	O
taking	O
several	O
steps	O
to	O
bolster	O
business	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
step	O
is	O
to	O
beef	O
up	O
its	O
fleet	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
aircraft	O
from	O
Boeing	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Cathay	B-ORG
announced	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
an	O
order	O
for	O
as	B-CARDINAL
many	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
Airbus	B-ORG
A330	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
300s	I-PRODUCT
.	O


The	O
expansion	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
cost	O
as	B-MONEY
much	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
US$	I-MONEY
5.7	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
will	O
expand	O
the	O
fleet	O
to	O
about	B-CARDINAL
43	I-CARDINAL
planes	O
by	O
1991	B-DATE
,	O
up	O
from	O
30	B-CARDINAL
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
Sun	B-ORG
Hung	I-ORG
Kai	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Ltd	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
fuel	O
-	O
efficient	O
Airbus	B-ORG
planes	O
will	O
be	O
used	O
largely	O
to	O
replace	O
Cathay	B-ORG
's	O
aging	O
fleet	O
of	O
Lockheed	B-ORG
Tristars	B-PRODUCT
for	O
regional	O
flights	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
Boeing	B-ORG
aircraft	O
will	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
long	O
-	O
haul	O
routes	O
to	O
Europe	B-LOC
and	O
North	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
.	O


Cathay	B-ORG
also	O
is	O
moving	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
labor	O
-	O
intensive	O
data	O
-	O
processing	O
operations	O
outside	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


Fierce	O
bidding	O
for	O
young	O
employees	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
is	O
pushing	O
up	O
Cathay	B-ORG
's	O
labor	O
costs	O
by	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
a	O
year	O
for	O
low	O
-	O
level	O
staff	O
,	O
while	O
experienced	O
,	O
skilled	O
employees	O
are	O
leaving	O
the	O
colony	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
brain	O
drain	O
.	O


Some	O
jobs	O
already	O
have	O
been	O
moved	O
to	O
Australia	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
plans	O
to	O
place	O
others	O
in	O
Canada	B-GPE
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Bell	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
spokesman	O
for	O
the	O
airline	O
,	O
says	O
the	O
move	O
is	O
partly	O
aimed	O
at	O
retaining	O
existing	O
staff	O
who	O
are	O
leaving	O
to	O
secure	O
foreign	O
passports	O
ahead	O
of	O
1997	B-DATE
.	O


Cathay	B-ORG
is	O
working	O
to	O
promote	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
as	O
a	O
destination	O
worth	O
visiting	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
merits	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
just	O
a	O
stopover	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
June	B-DATE
4	I-DATE
killings	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
have	O
hurt	O
its	O
China	B-GPE
flights	O
,	O
Cathay	B-ORG
's	O
other	O
routes	O
have	O
retained	O
high	O
load	O
factors	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Eddington	B-PERSON
regards	O
promoting	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
as	O
an	O
important	O
part	O
of	O
attracting	O
visitors	O
from	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
looking	O
to	O
travel	O
abroad	O
has	O
surged	O
.	O


There	O
also	O
has	O
been	O
speculation	O
that	O
Cathay	B-ORG
will	O
be	O
among	O
the	O
major	O
private	O
-	O
sector	O
participants	O
in	O
the	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
government	O
's	O
plans	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
new	O
airport	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
carrier	O
possibly	O
investing	O
in	O
its	O
own	O
terminal	O
.	O


Cathay	B-ORG
officials	O
decline	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
speculation	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Eddington	B-PERSON
sees	O
alliances	O
with	O
other	O
carriers	O
--	O
particularly	O
Cathay	B-ORG
's	O
recent	O
link	O
with	O
AMR	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
--	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
part	O
of	O
Cathay	B-ORG
's	O
strategy	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
emphasizes	O
that	O
Cathay	B-ORG
has	O
n't	O
any	O
interest	O
in	O
swapping	O
equity	O
stakes	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
carrier	O
or	O
with	O
Lufthansa	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
airline	O
with	O
which	O
it	O
has	O
cooperated	O
for	O
about	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
.	O


Analysts	O
believe	O
Cathay	B-ORG
is	O
approached	O
for	O
such	O
swaps	O
by	O
other	O
carriers	O
on	O
a	O
regular	O
basis	O
,	O
particularly	O
as	O
the	O
popularity	O
of	O
share	O
exchanges	O
has	O
grown	O
among	O
European	B-NORP
carriers	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
think	O
alliances	O
are	O
very	O
important	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Eddington	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
we	O
'd	O
rather	O
put	O
funds	O
into	O
our	O
own	O
business	O
rather	O
than	O
someone	O
else	O
's	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
cross-ownership	O
would	O
necessarily	O
make	O
things	O
smoother	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
a	O
pattern	O
it	O
aims	O
to	O
copy	O
in	O
several	O
key	O
U.S.	B-GPE
destinations	O
,	O
Cathay	B-ORG
recently	O
announced	O
plans	O
to	O
serve	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
by	O
flying	O
into	O
American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
hub	O
and	O
routing	O
continuing	O
passengers	O
onto	O
a	O
flight	O
on	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
carrier	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
'll	O
never	O
have	O
a	O
big	O
operation	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
they	O
'll	O
never	O
have	O
one	O
as	O
big	O
as	O
us	O
in	O
the	O
Pacific	B-LOC
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Eddington	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
American	B-ORG
will	O
coordinate	O
good	O
extensions	O
to	O
Boston	B-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
Chicago	B-GPE
and	O
Dallas	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
'll	O
coordinate	O
on	O
this	O
end	O
to	O
places	O
like	O
Bangkok	B-GPE
,	O
Singapore	B-GPE
and	O
Manila	B-GPE
.	O
''	O


Asian	B-NORP
traffic	O
,	O
which	O
currently	O
accounts	O
for	O
65	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Cathay	B-ORG
's	O
business	O
,	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
continue	O
as	O
the	O
carrier	O
's	O
mainstay	O
.	O


Cathay	B-ORG
has	O
long	O
stated	O
its	O
desire	O
to	O
double	O
its	O
weekly	B-DATE
flights	O
into	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
14	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
applying	O
to	O
restart	O
long	O
-	O
canceled	O
flights	O
into	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
.	O


Further	O
expansion	O
into	O
southern	O
Europe	B-LOC
is	O
also	O
possible	O
,	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Bell	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
spokesman	O
.	O


While	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
companies	O
have	O
reincorporated	O
offshore	O
ahead	O
of	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
such	O
a	O
move	O
is	O
n't	O
an	O
option	O
for	O
Cathay	B-ORG
because	O
it	O
would	O
jeopardize	O
its	O
landing	O
rights	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


And	O
Mr.	O
Eddington	B-PERSON
emphatically	O
rules	O
out	O
a	O
move	O
to	O
London	B-GPE
:	O
``	O
Our	O
lifeblood	O
is	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
traffic	O
rights	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
says	O
the	O
airline	O
is	O
putting	O
its	O
faith	O
in	O
the	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	O
British	O
agreement	O
on	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
return	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
special	O
section	O
dealing	O
with	O
aviation	O
rights	O
states	O
that	O
landing	O
rights	O
for	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
airlines	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
the	O
smaller	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
Dragon	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
,	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
negotiated	O
by	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
government	O
.	O


But	O
critics	O
fret	O
that	O
post-1997	B-DATE
officials	O
ultimately	O
will	O
be	O
responsible	O
to	O
Beijing	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
My	O
feeling	O
is	O
-LCB-	O
Cathay	B-ORG
does	O
n't	O
-RCB-	O
have	O
a	O
hope	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
run	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
an	O
analyst	O
,	O
who	O
declines	O
to	O
be	O
identified	O
.	O


``	O
Cathay	B-ORG
would	O
love	O
to	O
keep	O
going	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
general	O
sense	O
is	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Eddington	B-PERSON
acknowledges	O
that	O
the	O
carrier	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
evolve	O
and	O
adapt	O
to	O
local	O
changes	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
feels	O
that	O
the	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	O
British	O
agreement	O
is	O
firm	O
ground	O
to	O
build	O
on	O
for	O
the	O
foreseeable	O
future	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
're	O
confident	O
that	O
it	O
protects	O
our	O
route	O
structure	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
and	O
our	O
ability	O
to	O
grow	O
and	O
prosper	O
.	O


Falcon	B-ORG
Cable	I-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
proposed	O
an	O
amendment	O
that	O
would	O
allow	O
it	O
to	O
increase	O
its	O
debt	O
cap	O
to	O
65	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
fair	O
market	O
value	O
from	O
the	B-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
currently	O
allowed	O
.	O


Falcon	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
limited	O
partnership	O
,	O
said	O
it	O
wanted	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
continue	O
its	O
$	B-MONEY
2.15	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
per	I-MONEY
-	O
unit	O
annual	B-DATE
payment	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
expansion	O
and	O
acquisitions	O
.	O


A	O
spokesman	O
for	O
the	O
company	O
said	O
a	O
meeting	O
would	O
be	O
held	O
for	O
shareholders	O
to	O
vote	O
on	O
the	O
amendment	O
before	O
year	B-DATE
's	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
.	O


Friday	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE


The	O
key	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
foreign	O
annual	B-DATE
interest	O
rates	O
below	O
are	O
a	O
guide	O
to	O
general	O
levels	O
but	O
do	O
n't	O
always	O
represent	O
actual	O
transactions	O
.	O


PRIME	O
RATE	O
:	O
10	B-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
base	O
rate	O
on	O
corporate	O
loans	O
at	O
large	O
U.S.	B-GPE
money	O
center	O
commercial	O
banks	O
.	O


FEDERAL	O
FUNDS	O
:	O
8	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
high	O
,	O
8	B-PERCENT
5/8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
low	O
,	O
8	B-PERCENT
11/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
near	O
closing	O
bid	O
,	O
8	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
offered	O
.	O


Reserves	O
traded	O
among	O
commercial	O
banks	O
for	O
overnight	B-TIME
use	O
in	O
amounts	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
or	O
more	O
.	O


Source	O
:	O
Fulton	B-ORG
Prebon	I-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
U.S.A	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


DISCOUNT	O
RATE	O
:	O
7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
charge	O
on	O
loans	O
to	O
depository	O
institutions	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
.	O


CALL	O
MONEY	O
:	O
9	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
charge	O
on	O
loans	O
to	O
brokers	O
on	O
stock	O
exchange	O
collateral	O
.	O


COMMERCIAL	O
PAPER	O
placed	O
directly	O
by	O
General	B-ORG
Motors	I-ORG
Acceptance	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
:	O
8.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
15	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
44	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
45	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
72	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.375	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
73	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
96	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.125	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
97	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
119	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
120	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
149	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
7.875	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
150	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
179	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
7.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
180	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
270	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


COMMERCIAL	O
PAPER	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
grade	O
unsecured	O
notes	O
sold	O
through	O
dealers	O
by	O
major	O
corporations	O
in	O
multiples	O
of	O
$	O
1,000	B-MONEY
:	O
8.55	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
30	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
60	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
90	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


CERTIFICATES	O
OF	O
DEPOSIT	O
:	O
8.05	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
;	O
8.02	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
7.98	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
7.95	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Average	O
of	O
top	O
rates	O
paid	O
by	O
major	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
banks	O
on	O
primary	O
new	O
issues	O
of	O
negotiable	O
C.D.s	O
,	O
usually	O
on	O
amounts	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
and	O
more	O
.	O


The	O
minimum	O
unit	O
is	O
$	O
100,000	B-MONEY
.	O


Typical	O
rates	O
in	O
the	O
secondary	O
market	O
:	O
8.55	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
;	O
8.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8.40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


BANKERS	O
ACCEPTANCES	O
:	O
8.45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
30	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.33	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
60	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.32	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
90	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
120	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
8.06	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
150	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
7.96	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
180	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Negotiable	O
,	O
bank	O
-	O
backed	O
business	O
credit	O
instruments	O
typically	O
financing	O
an	O
import	O
order	O
.	O


LONDON	B-GPE
LATE	O
EURODOLLARS	O
:	O
8	B-PERCENT
11/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
9/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
11/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
9/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
11/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
9/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
5/8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
four	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
9/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
7/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
five	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
3/8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


LONDON	B-GPE
INTERBANK	O
OFFERED	O
RATES	O
-LRB-	O
LIBOR	O
-RRB-	O
:	O
8	B-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
11/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
9/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
;	O
8	B-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
average	O
of	O
interbank	O
offered	O
rates	O
for	O
dollar	O
deposits	O
in	O
the	O
London	B-GPE
market	O
based	O
on	O
quotations	O
at	O
five	B-CARDINAL
major	O
banks	O
.	O


FOREIGN	O
PRIME	O
RATES	O
:	O
Canada	B-GPE
13.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
Germany	B-GPE
8.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
Japan	B-GPE
4.875	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
Switzerland	B-GPE
8.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
Britain	B-GPE
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


These	O
rate	O
indications	O
are	O
n't	O
directly	O
comparable	O
;	O
lending	O
practices	O
vary	O
widely	O
by	O
location	O
.	O


TREASURY	B-ORG
BILLS	O
:	O
Results	O
of	O
the	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
16	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
auction	O
of	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
U.S.	B-GPE
government	O
bills	O
,	O
sold	O
at	O
a	O
discount	O
from	O
face	O
value	O
in	O
units	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
10,000	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
:	O
7.37	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
13	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
;	O
7.42	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
26	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


FEDERAL	B-ORG
HOME	I-ORG
LOAN	I-ORG
MORTGAGE	I-ORG
CORP	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
Freddie	B-ORG
Mac	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
:	O
Posted	O
yields	O
on	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
mortgage	O
commitments	O
for	O
delivery	O
within	O
30	B-DATE
days.	I-DATE
9.84	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
standard	O
conventional	O
fixed	O
-	O
rate	O
mortgages	O
;	O
7.875	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
rate	O
capped	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
adjustable	O
rate	O
mortgages	O
.	O


Source	O
:	O
Telerate	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


FEDERAL	O
NATIONAL	O
MORTGAGE	O
ASSOCIATION	O
-LRB-	O
Fannie	B-ORG
Mae	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
:	O
Posted	O
yields	O
on	O
30	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
mortgage	O
commitments	O
for	O
delivery	O
within	O
30	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
-LRB-	O
priced	O
at	O
par	O
-RRB-	O
9.78	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
standard	O
conventional	O
fixed	O
-	O
rate	O
mortgages	O
;	O
8.75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
6/2	B-CARDINAL
rate	O
capped	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
adjustable	O
rate	O
mortgages	O
.	O


Source	O
:	O
Telerate	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


MERRILL	B-ORG
LYNCH	I-ORG
READY	O
ASSETS	O
TRUST	O
:	O
8.52	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Annualized	O
average	O
rate	O
of	O
return	O
after	O
expenses	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
not	O
a	O
forecast	O
of	O
future	O
returns	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
hard	O
-	O
hit	O
Marina	B-LOC
neighborhood	O
,	O
life	O
after	O
the	O
earthquake	O
is	O
often	O
all	O
too	O
real	O
,	O
but	O
sometimes	O
surreal	O
.	O


Some	O
scenes	O
:	O
--	O
Saturday	B-DATE
morning	B-TIME
,	O
a	O
resident	O
was	O
given	O
15	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
to	O
scurry	O
into	O
a	O
sagging	O
building	O
and	O
reclaim	O
what	O
she	O
could	O
of	O
her	O
life	O
's	O
possessions	O
.	O


Saturday	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
she	O
dined	O
in	O
an	O
emergency	O
shelter	O
on	O
salmon	O
steaks	O
prepared	O
by	O
chefs	O
from	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
four	O
-	O
star	O
restaurants	O
.	O


--	O
Mayor	O
Art	B-PERSON
Agnos	I-PERSON
stands	O
in	O
the	O
glare	O
of	O
television	O
lights	O
trying	O
to	O
explain	O
for	O
the	O
20th	B-ORDINAL
time	O
why	O
the	O
city	O
is	O
severely	O
restricting	O
access	O
to	O
badly	O
damaged	O
structures	O
.	O


A	O
couple	O
in	O
fashionable	O
spandex	O
warm	O
-	O
up	O
suits	O
jogs	O
by	O
,	O
headphones	O
jauntily	O
in	O
place	O
,	O
weaving	O
their	O
way	O
along	O
a	O
street	O
of	O
fractured	O
and	O
fallen	O
houses	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
nearby	O
corner	O
,	O
they	O
swerve	O
perilously	O
close	O
to	O
a	O
listing	O
apartment	O
house	O
,	O
oblivious	O
to	O
any	O
danger	O
.	O


A	O
policeman	O
shakes	O
his	O
head	O
in	O
amazement	O
as	O
he	O
steers	O
them	O
away	O
.	O


--	O
A	O
young	O
woman	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
out	O
of	O
town	O
shows	O
up	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Marina	I-ORG
Middle	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
to	O
learn	O
that	O
her	O
apartment	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
condemned	O
list	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
told	O
she	O
ca	O
n't	O
enter	O
unless	O
she	O
is	O
accompanied	O
by	O
an	O
inspector	O
.	O


She	O
bursts	O
into	O
tears	O
and	O
walks	O
away	O
.	O


Nearby	O
,	O
five	B-CARDINAL
temporary	O
residents	O
of	O
the	O
school	O
shelter	O
sit	O
on	O
stools	O
,	O
having	O
their	O
necks	O
and	O
backs	O
kneaded	O
by	O
volunteer	O
masseuses	O
.	O


The	O
Marina	B-LOC
rescue	O
center	O
offered	O
a	O
very	O
San	B-NORP
Franciscan	I-NORP
response	O
to	O
the	O
disaster	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
free	O
massages	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
free	O
counseling	O
,	O
phone	O
calls	O
and	O
a	O
free	O
shuttle	O
bus	O
to	O
a	O
health	O
club	O
,	O
which	O
offered	O
up	O
its	O
showers	O
,	O
saunas	O
and	O
hot	O
tubs	O
.	O


The	O
cafeteria	O
offered	O
donated	O
croissants	O
and	O
brie	O
for	O
breakfast	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
dinner	O
,	O
pasta	O
salad	O
and	O
chocolate	O
mousse	O
torts	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
salmon	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
15	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
pound	I-QUANTITY
earthquake	O
for	O
me	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
resident	O
Joan	B-PERSON
O'Shea	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
works	O
in	O
an	O
acupuncturist	O
's	O
office	O
.	O


She	O
and	O
some	O
friends	O
are	O
considering	O
offering	O
earthquake	O
victims	O
free	O
yoga	O
classes	O
and	O
``	O
aroma	O
therapy	O
''	O
--	O
massages	O
with	O
scented	O
oils	O
.	O


She	O
finds	O
the	O
response	O
of	O
Marina	B-LOC
residents	O
--	O
primarily	O
yuppies	O
and	O
elderly	O
people	O
--	O
to	O
the	O
devastation	O
of	O
their	O
homes	O
``	O
incredible	O
.	O


People	O
have	O
been	O
very	O
respectful	O
of	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
this	O
would	O
have	O
happened	O
somewhere	O
else	O
.	O
''	O


Out	O
on	O
the	O
streets	O
,	O
some	O
residents	O
of	O
badly	O
damaged	O
buildings	O
were	O
allowed	O
a	O
15	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
minute	I-TIME
scavenger	O
hunt	O
through	O
their	O
possessions	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
so	O
weird	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
decide	O
what	O
's	O
really	O
important	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Barbara	B-PERSON
May	I-PERSON
.	O


She	O
went	O
first	B-ORDINAL
for	O
personal	O
mementos	O
.	O


In	O
post-earthquake	O
parlance	O
,	O
her	O
building	O
is	O
a	O
``	O
red	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
being	O
inspected	O
,	O
buildings	O
with	O
substantial	O
damage	O
were	O
color	O
-	O
coded	O
.	O


Green	O
allowed	O
residents	O
to	O
re-enter	O
;	O
yellow	O
allowed	O
limited	O
access	O
;	O
red	O
allowed	O
residents	O
one	B-CARDINAL
last	O
entry	O
to	O
gather	O
everything	O
they	O
could	O
within	O
15	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
.	O


Reds	O
and	O
yellows	O
went	O
about	O
their	O
business	O
with	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
measured	O
grimness	O
.	O


Some	O
frantically	O
dumped	O
belongings	O
into	O
pillowcases	O
,	O
others	O
threw	O
goods	O
out	O
windows	O
.	O


It	O
did	O
n't	O
help	O
that	O
on	O
Saturday	B-DATE
,	O
after	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
sunshine	O
,	O
it	O
rained	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
guys	O
are	O
going	O
for	O
their	O
skis	O
,	O
their	O
stereos	O
,	O
their	O
personal	O
computers	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Frank	B-PERSON
Fitzgerald	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
helped	O
others	O
empty	O
their	O
apartments	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
women	O
wanted	O
photo	O
albums	O
,	O
a	O
certain	O
brooch	O
,	O
kind	O
of	O
sentimental	O
things	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
showed	O
an	O
unbroken	O
,	O
still	O
-	O
ticking	O
pocket	O
watch	O
that	O
he	O
retrieved	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
woman	O
.	O


It	O
belonged	O
to	O
her	O
grandfather	O
.	O


Some	O
residents	O
defied	O
orders	O
and	O
returned	O
to	O
``	O
red	O
''	O
buildings	O
to	O
retrieve	O
goods	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
building	O
was	O
upgraded	O
to	O
red	O
status	O
while	O
people	O
were	O
taking	O
things	O
out	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
resident	O
who	O
was	O
n't	O
allowed	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
inside	O
called	O
up	O
the	O
stairs	O
to	O
his	O
girlfriend	O
,	O
telling	O
her	O
to	O
keep	O
sending	O
things	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
lobby	O
.	O


A	O
policewoman	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
in	O
to	O
make	O
her	O
leave	O
;	O
the	O
policewoman	O
helped	O
carry	O
out	O
one	B-CARDINAL
last	O
load	O
.	O


Enforcement	O
of	O
restricted	O
-	O
entry	O
rules	O
was	O
sporadic	O
,	O
residents	O
said	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
man	O
trying	O
to	O
remove	O
his	O
car	O
was	O
told	O
by	O
officials	O
to	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
his	O
garage	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
sneaked	O
back	O
later	O
to	O
try	O
again	O
,	O
a	O
different	O
policeman	O
offered	O
to	O
help	O
him	O
get	O
the	O
car	O
out	O
.	O


The	O
Marina	B-LOC
also	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
focal	O
point	O
of	O
city	O
efforts	O
to	O
reunite	O
residents	O
with	O
any	O
pets	O
that	O
may	O
have	O
fled	O
or	O
become	O
lost	O
during	O
the	O
earthquake	O
.	O


On	O
lampposts	O
along	O
Fillmore	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
,	O
a	O
major	O
Marina	B-LOC
artery	O
,	O
posters	O
were	O
offering	O
a	O
$	O
100	B-MONEY
reward	O
for	O
a	O
cat	O
lost	O
during	O
the	O
quake	O
.	O


The	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
Society	B-ORG
for	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Prevention	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Cruelty	I-ORG
to	I-ORG
Animals	I-ORG
also	O
has	O
been	O
providing	O
medical	O
care	O
,	O
food	O
,	O
water	O
and	O
foster	O
homes	O
for	O
quake	O
-	O
displaced	O
animals	O
.	O


The	O
SPCA	O
says	O
it	O
has	O
received	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
requests	O
for	O
foster	O
homes	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
dogs	O
and	O
cats	O
,	O
though	O
some	O
people	O
have	O
sought	O
temporary	O
homes	O
for	O
birds	O
and	O
fish	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
parakeet	O
owner	O
returning	O
home	O
found	O
that	O
her	O
apartment	O
,	O
like	O
many	O
others	O
in	O
the	O
Marina	B-LOC
,	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
heat	O
.	O


``	O
She	O
can	O
stay	O
there	O
with	O
no	O
heat	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
a	O
parakeet	O
,	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
deadly	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Daralee	B-PERSON
Konowitch	I-PERSON
,	O
animalcare	O
services	O
manager	O
for	O
the	O
SPCA	B-ORG
.	O


A	O
warm	O
foster	O
home	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
.	O


The	O
neighborhood	O
around	O
Alexander	B-ORG
Haagen	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Vermont	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
Slauson	I-FAC
Shopping	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
in	O
the	O
Watts	B-LOC
section	O
of	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
resembles	O
the	O
crime	O
-	O
ridden	O
,	O
deteriorating	O
sections	O
of	O
many	O
inner	O
cities	O
and	O
certainly	O
is	O
n't	O
the	O
sort	O
of	O
area	O
one	O
would	O
choose	O
to	O
visit	O
.	O


But	O
turn	O
into	O
the	O
shopping	O
center	O
's	O
parking	O
lot	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
could	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
safe	O
,	O
busy	O
mall	O
of	O
a	O
prosperous	O
suburb	O
.	O


Only	O
it	O
is	O
safer	O
,	O
and	O
busier	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
there	O
have	O
been	O
only	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
burglary	O
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
thefts	O
of	O
or	O
from	O
autos	O
,	O
no	O
purse	O
-	O
snatchings	O
,	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
attempted	O
robbery	O
in	O
the	O
mall	O
,	O
which	O
opened	O
in	O
late	O
1981	B-DATE
.	O


A	O
shopping	O
center	O
of	O
similar	O
size	O
in	O
an	O
affluent	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
suburb	O
would	O
,	O
per	O
year	O
,	O
be	O
expected	O
to	O
have	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
burglaries	O
,	O
70	B-CARDINAL
thefts	O
of	O
or	O
from	O
autos	O
,	O
and	O
four	B-CARDINAL
robberies	O
.	O


The	O
Watts	B-LOC
mall	O
has	O
annual	B-DATE
sales	O
of	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
350	I-MONEY
per	O
leasable	O
square	O
foot	O
;	O
the	O
figure	O
for	O
a	O
comparable	O
suburban	O
shopping	O
center	O
would	O
be	O
$	O
200	B-MONEY
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
other	O
Haagen	B-ORG
shopping	O
centers	O
in	O
the	O
Watts	B-LOC
area	O
are	O
doing	O
almost	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


A	O
successful	O
low	O
-	O
crime	O
mall	O
in	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
crime	O
area	O
violates	O
the	O
more	O
typical	O
inner	O
-	O
city	O
pattern	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
commercial	O
areas	O
are	O
taken	O
over	O
by	O
unruly	O
youth	O
,	O
gangs	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
criminal	O
element	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
erosion	O
of	O
the	O
customer	O
base	O
,	O
development	O
capital	O
,	O
and	O
insurability	O
.	O


Major	O
regional	O
and	O
national	O
chain	O
stores	O
are	O
replaced	O
by	O
mom	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
pop	O
operations	O
offering	O
poorer	O
-	O
quality	O
merchandise	O
at	O
higher	O
prices	O
.	O


Along	O
with	O
the	O
exodus	O
of	O
shopping	O
opportunities	O
is	O
an	O
exodus	O
of	O
the	O
jobs	O
that	O
the	O
major	O
chains	O
used	O
to	O
provide	O
to	O
community	O
residents	O
.	O


Thus	O
there	O
is	O
even	O
more	O
to	O
the	B-FAC
Vermont	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Slauson	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
than	O
a	O
good	O
place	O
to	O
shop	O
.	O


This	O
defensible	O
commercial	O
zone	O
becomes	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
residents	O
,	O
a	O
secure	O
oasis	O
in	O
a	O
barren	O
urban	O
landscape	O
,	O
evidence	O
that	O
community	O
decay	O
is	O
not	O
inevitable	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
gangs	O
are	O
not	O
invincible	O
.	O


The	O
center	O
improves	O
the	O
community	O
image	O
to	O
outsiders	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
help	O
to	O
arrest	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
reverse	O
,	O
the	O
exodus	O
of	O
capital	O
and	O
investment	O
.	O


An	O
additional	O
benefit	O
is	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
jobs	O
.	O


This	O
starts	O
in	O
the	O
construction	O
phase	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
minority	O
contractors	O
and	O
local	O
workers	O
.	O


It	O
continues	O
through	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
the	O
center	O
;	O
the	B-FAC
Vermont	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Slauson	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
has	O
created	O
500	B-CARDINAL
permanent	O
private	O
-	O
sector	O
jobs	O
at	O
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
time	O
cost	O
in	O
public	O
funds	O
of	O
only	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2,500	I-MONEY
per	O
job	O
.	O


As	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
jobs	O
are	O
filled	O
by	O
local	O
residents	O
,	O
who	O
move	O
from	O
the	O
welfare	O
rolls	O
to	O
the	O
tax	O
rolls	O
,	O
the	O
$	O
2,500	B-MONEY
-	O
per	O
-	O
job	O
public	O
investment	O
should	O
repay	O
itself	O
in	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
that	O
is	O
before	O
consideration	O
of	O
increased	O
state	O
and	O
local	O
revenues	O
from	O
taxes	O
and	O
fees	O
on	O
sales	O
,	O
real	O
estate	O
,	O
licenses	O
and	O
the	O
like	O
.	O


Profits	O
are	O
also	O
plowed	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
community	O
;	O
the	O
non-profit	O
Vermont	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Slauson	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
receives	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
profits	O
from	O
the	B-FAC
Vermont	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Slauson	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
and	O
uses	O
the	O
money	O
to	O
provide	O
moderate	O
and	O
low	O
-	O
cost	O
housing	O
in	O
the	O
community	O
--	O
now	O
running	O
into	O
the	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
units	O
--	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
commercial	O
and	O
industrial	O
development	O
projects	O
.	O


Bradford	B-PERSON
Crowe	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
mayor	O
's	O
City	B-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
:	O
``	O
There	O
is	O
no	O
question	O
that	O
Vermont	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
Slauson	I-FAC
had	O
a	O
halo	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
surrounding	O
neighborhood	O
.	O


What	O
had	O
been	O
a	O
deteriorated	O
area	O
with	O
nothing	O
but	O
wig	O
shops	O
and	O
shoe	O
shops	O
is	O
now	O
experiencing	O
a	O
major	O
upgrading	O
in	O
the	O
housing	O
and	O
commercial	O
stock	O
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
a	O
continuously	O
replenished	O
source	O
of	O
revitalization	O
capital	O
that	O
Vermont	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
Slauson	I-FAC
yields	O
.	O
''	O


Another	O
benefit	O
is	O
that	O
substantial	O
percentages	O
of	O
the	O
proprietors	O
in	O
these	O
centers	O
are	O
minority	O
businessmen	O
and	O
women	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-FAC
Grand	I-FAC
Boulevard	I-FAC
Plaza	I-FAC
developed	O
by	O
Matanky	B-ORG
Realty	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
's	O
Third	B-GPE
Ward	I-GPE
,	O
opposite	O
the	B-FAC
Robert	I-FAC
Taylor	I-FAC
Homes	I-FAC
,	O
29	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
stores	O
to	O
date	O
have	O
been	O
leased	O
to	O
blacks	O
and	O
14	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
members	O
of	O
other	O
minority	O
groups	O
.	O


Children	O
from	O
the	O
community	O
will	O
have	O
worthier	O
role	O
models	O
than	O
the	O
drug	O
kingpins	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
catch	O
?	O


Primarily	O
that	O
putting	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
these	O
inner	O
-	O
city	O
deals	O
together	O
takes	O
time	O
,	O
patience	O
,	O
breadth	O
of	O
vision	O
and	O
negotiating	O
skills	O
that	O
not	O
all	O
developers	O
possess	O
.	O


Security	O
costs	O
are	O
also	O
quite	O
high	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
these	O
centers	O
can	O
involve	O
years	O
of	O
negotiating	O
with	O
numerous	O
public	O
agencies	O
,	O
local	O
political	O
leaders	O
,	O
and	O
citizen	O
groups	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
prospective	O
tenants	O
and	O
sources	O
of	O
financing	O
.	O


Suburban	O
deals	O
are	O
not	O
without	O
their	O
delays	O
and	O
complications	O
--	O
inner	O
-	O
city	O
deals	O
just	O
have	O
more	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


Security	O
at	O
a	O
typical	O
Haagen	B-ORG
inner	O
-	O
city	O
center	O
is	O
impressive	O
,	O
but	O
unobtrusive	O
.	O


The	O
entire	O
site	O
is	O
enclosed	O
by	O
a	O
6	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
8	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
-	O
high	O
ornamental	O
iron	O
fence	O
with	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
remote	O
-	O
controlled	O
gates	O
.	O


Shrubs	O
and	O
flowers	O
give	O
it	O
a	O
pleasing	O
and	O
non-fortress	O
-	O
like	O
appearance	O
.	O


Infrared	O
motion	O
detectors	O
and	O
closed	O
-	O
circuit	O
TV	O
cameras	O
monitor	O
the	O
entire	O
center	O
;	O
lighting	O
levels	O
are	O
three	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
times	O
the	O
industry	O
standard	O
.	O


The	O
security	O
command	O
post	O
,	O
camouflaged	O
as	O
second	B-ORDINAL
-	O
story	O
retail	O
space	O
,	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
``	O
crow	O
's	O
nest	O
''	O
above	O
the	O
roofs	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
buildings	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
panoramic	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
center	O
.	O


Local	O
law	O
enforcement	O
is	O
present	O
in	O
a	O
sub-station	O
occupying	O
space	O
donated	O
by	O
the	O
center	O
.	O


These	O
features	O
are	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
Matanky	B-ORG
Realty	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Grand	B-FAC
Boulevard	I-FAC
Plaza	I-FAC
.	O


Haagen	B-ORG
has	O
its	O
own	O
large	O
security	O
force	O
of	O
well	O
-	O
trained	O
and	O
well	O
-	O
paid	O
personnel	O
on	O
round	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
clock	O
duty	O
at	O
each	O
center	O
.	O


Security	O
is	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
70	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
common	O
area	O
charges	O
of	O
these	O
centers	O
,	O
vs.	O
an	O
industry	O
average	O
of	O
about	B-PERCENT
15	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


These	O
security	O
costs	O
are	O
kept	O
off	O
-	O
budget	O
because	O
the	O
centers	O
'	O
site	O
acquisition	O
,	O
construction	O
,	O
and	O
financing	O
costs	O
were	O
reduced	O
by	O
such	O
programs	O
as	O
Urban	O
Development	O
Action	O
Grants	O
,	O
Economic	O
Development	O
Administration	O
Grants	O
,	O
Community	O
Development	O
Block	O
Grants	O
,	O
tax	O
-	O
free	O
Industrial	O
Development	O
Bonds	O
,	O
Enterprise	O
Zone	O
tax	O
write	O
-	O
offs	O
,	O
city	O
infrastructure	O
grants	O
,	O
and	O
tax	O
increment	O
financing	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
these	O
programs	O
no	O
longer	O
exist	O
,	O
or	O
have	O
been	O
severely	O
cut	O
back	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
since	O
these	O
centers	O
appear	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
themselves	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
nothing	O
to	O
prevent	O
state	O
and	O
local	O
governments	O
from	O
enacting	O
legislation	O
with	O
similar	O
provisions	O
.	O


Many	O
states	O
already	O
have	O
Enterprise	O
Zones	O
and	O
legislation	O
that	O
combines	O
tax	O
incentives	O
,	O
loans	O
,	O
and	O
grants	O
to	O
encourage	O
investment	O
in	O
depressed	O
areas	O
with	O
requirements	O
for	O
the	O
hiring	O
of	O
the	O
unemployed	O
and	O
minorities	O
.	O


These	O
programs	O
could	O
be	O
expanded	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
funds	O
for	O
project	O
planning	O
,	O
identifying	O
sources	O
of	O
funds	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
acquiring	O
a	O
site	O
and	O
preparing	O
it	O
.	O


Combatting	O
crime	O
and	O
the	O
fear	O
of	O
it	O
in	O
inner	O
-	O
city	O
commercial	O
areas	O
should	O
give	O
Enterprise	O
Zones	O
more	O
success	O
than	O
most	O
have	O
enjoyed	O
to	O
date	O
.	O


With	O
many	O
suburban	O
areas	O
basically	O
overbuilt	O
with	O
shopping	O
centers	O
,	O
inner	O
-	O
city	O
areas	O
may	O
represent	O
a	O
major	O
new	O
untapped	O
market	O
for	O
investment	O
.	O


New	O
approaches	O
to	O
mall	O
design	O
and	O
operation	O
make	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
tap	O
these	O
markets	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
risks	O
and	O
rewards	O
are	O
reasonable	O
,	O
developers	O
will	O
respond	O
.	O


Government	O
officials	O
who	O
wonder	O
how	O
important	O
it	O
is	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
encourage	O
development	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
areas	O
should	O
visit	O
Vermont	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
Slauson	I-FAC
and	O
Grand	B-FAC
Boulevard	I-FAC
Plaza	I-FAC
and	O
decide	O
for	O
themselves	O
.	O


The	O
answer	O
will	O
be	O
obvious	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Titus	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
researcher	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
National	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
.	O


ATHLONE	B-ORG
INDUSTRIES	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
on	O
Dec.	B-DATE
21	I-DATE
it	O
will	O
redeem	O
$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
face	O
amount	O
of	O
its	O
$	B-MONEY
59.3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
15.625	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
subordinated	O
notes	O
outstanding	O
,	O
due	O
June	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1991	I-DATE
.	O


For	O
each	O
$	O
1,000	B-MONEY
of	O
notes	O
,	O
the	O
maker	O
of	O
specialty	O
metals	O
,	O
industrial	O
fasteners	O
and	O
consumer	O
products	O
will	O
pay	O
$	O
1,026.46	B-MONEY
plus	O
$	O
8.68	B-MONEY
of	O
interest	O
accrued	O
from	O
Dec.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
company	O
will	O
notify	O
holders	O
of	O
the	O
notes	O
to	O
be	O
redeemed	O
.	O


Manufacturers	B-ORG
Hanover	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
is	O
redemption	O
agent	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
company	O
recently	O
was	O
listed	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
another	O
will	O
join	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
from	O
the	O
over	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
counter	O
market	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Putnam	B-ORG
Investment	I-ORG
Grade	I-ORG
Municipal	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
,	O
Boston	B-GPE
,	O
was	O
listed	O
with	O
the	O
symbol	O
PGM	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
new	O
closed	O
-	O
end	O
management	O
investment	O
company	O
trades	O
shares	O
of	O
beneficial	O
interest	O
.	O


It	O
invests	O
primarily	O
in	O
tax	O
-	O
exempt	O
municipal	O
securities	O
.	O


Hibernia	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
bank	O
holding	O
company	O
,	O
will	O
join	O
the	O
Big	B-ORG
Board	I-ORG
Thursday	B-DATE
under	O
HIB	B-ORG
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
began	O
trading	O
over	O
the	O
counter	O
.	O


Exabyte	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Boulder	B-GPE
,	O
Colo.	B-GPE
,	O
maker	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
capacity	O
tape	O
cartridge	O
systems	O
used	O
to	O
back	O
up	O
computer	O
disk	O
drives	O
,	O
started	O
OTC	O
trading	O
with	O
the	O
symbol	O
EXBT	B-ORG
.	O


Rally	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Louisville	B-GPE
,	O
Ky.	B-GPE
,	O
restaurant	O
franchisor	O
,	O
started	O
trading	O
under	O
RLLY	B-ORG
.	O


Sierra	B-ORG
Tucson	I-ORG
Cos.	I-ORG
,	O
Tucson	B-GPE
,	O
Ariz.	B-GPE
,	O
started	O
trading	O
under	O
STSN	B-ORG
.	O


It	O
operates	O
various	O
types	O
of	O
addiction	O
-	O
treatment	O
facilities	O
.	O


Separately	O
,	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Pacific	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
,	O
put	O
and	O
call	O
options	O
on	O
the	O
common	O
stock	O
of	O
Aldus	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
started	O
trading	O
.	O


Aldus	B-ORG
,	O
Seattle	B-GPE
,	O
makes	O
computer	O
software	O
products	O
.	O


Options	O
give	O
a	O
holder	O
the	O
right	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
obligation	O
,	O
to	O
buy	O
or	O
sell	O
a	O
security	O
at	O
a	O
set	O
price	O
within	O
a	O
set	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
.	O


Immunex	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
its	O
scientists	O
isolated	O
a	O
molecule	O
which	O
may	O
hold	O
potential	O
as	O
a	O
treatment	O
for	O
disruptions	O
of	O
the	O
immune	O
-	O
system	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
organ	O
-	O
transplant	O
rejection	O
,	O
to	O
allergies	O
and	O
asthma	O
.	O


The	O
molecule	O
is	O
the	O
mouse	O
version	O
of	O
a	O
protein	O
called	O
the	O
interleukin	O
-	O
4	O
receptor	O
.	O


IL	O
-	O
4	O
is	O
a	O
hormone	O
which	O
directs	O
the	O
growth	O
and	O
function	O
of	O
white	O
blood	O
cells	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
body	O
's	O
immune	O
response	O
.	O


The	O
IL	O
-	O
4	O
receptor	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
such	O
cells	O
receives	O
the	O
hormone	O
's	O
message	O
to	O
rally	O
the	O
body	O
's	O
defense	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
certain	O
conditions	O
such	O
as	O
autoimmune	O
diseases	O
and	O
allergies	O
and	O
transplant	O
rejection	O
,	O
doctors	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
damp	O
the	O
immune	O
response	O
so	O
such	O
cells	O
do	O
n't	O
touch	O
off	O
harmful	O
inflammatory	O
reactions	O
or	O
cell	O
destruction	O
.	O


A	O
soluble	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
receptor	O
might	O
turn	O
off	O
a	O
specific	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
immune	O
response	O
without	O
general	O
immune	O
suppression	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
IL	O
-	O
4	O
receptor	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
such	O
receptors	O
to	O
be	O
developed	O
and	O
tested	O
by	O
Receptech	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
spinoff	O
of	O
Immunex	B-ORG
,	O
through	O
a	O
proposed	O
$	B-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
initial	O
public	O
offering	O
.	O


Immunex	B-ORG
will	O
contract	O
with	O
the	O
spinoff	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
research	O
,	O
development	O
and	O
initial	O
testing	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
agents	O
.	O


Immunex	B-ORG
will	O
have	O
the	O
option	O
to	O
buy	O
back	O
Receptech	B-ORG
shares	O
after	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
following	O
issues	O
were	O
recently	O
filed	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
:	O


Heller	B-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
indirect	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Fuji	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
shelf	O
offering	O
of	O
up	B-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
debt	O
securities	O
and	O
warrants	O
.	O


Jason	B-ORG
Overseas	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
proposed	O
offering	O
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
common	O
shares	O
,	O
via	O
Smith	B-ORG
Barney	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
Mabon	B-ORG
Nugent	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


MCI	B-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
shelf	O
offering	O
of	O
up	B-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
750	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
debt	O
securities	O
via	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Markets	I-ORG
,	O
Drexel	B-ORG
Burnham	I-ORG
Lambert	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Goldman	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Sachs	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Salomon	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Millicom	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
offering	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
60	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
subordinated	O
exchangeable	O
debentures	O
,	O
via	O
Bear	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Stearns	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Union	B-ORG
Tank	I-ORG
Car	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
offering	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
equipment	O
trust	O
certificates	O
,	O
via	O
Salomon	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
.	O


Move	O
over	O
,	O
pornographic	O
phone	O
services	O
:	O
A	O
legal	O
service	O
with	O
a	O
``	O
900	O
''	O
number	O
has	O
been	O
launched	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
Newport	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
law	O
firm	O
started	O
the	O
pay	O
-	O
as	O
-	O
you	O
-	O
go	O
legal	O
service	O
,	O
called	O
Telelawyer	B-ORG
,	O
using	O
MCI	B-ORG
Communication	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
toll	O
-	O
tele	O
-	O
phone	O
service	O
.	O


Cane	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Associates	I-ORG
touts	O
its	O
$	O
2	B-MONEY
-	O
a	O
-	O
minute	O
service	O
as	O
the	B-TIME
``	I-TIME
cheapest	I-TIME
legal	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
you	O
'll	O
ever	O
find	O
.	O
''	O


Though	O
the	O
service	O
is	O
available	O
only	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
Telelawyer	O
founder	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Cane	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
plans	O
to	O
franchise	O
it	O
in	O
other	O
states	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
his	O
aim	O
is	O
to	O
reach	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
bedridden	O
,	O
have	O
no	O
access	O
to	O
transportation	O
,	O
ca	O
n't	O
find	O
a	O
lawyer	O
to	O
take	O
their	O
case	O
or	O
simply	O
ca	O
n't	O
afford	O
lawyers	O
'	O
consultation	O
fees	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Cane	B-PERSON
stresses	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
n't	O
using	O
the	O
telephone	O
to	O
lure	O
clients	O
to	O
his	O
doorstep	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
will	O
only	O
deal	O
with	O
clients	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
have	O
no	O
in	O
-	O
office	O
business	O
.	O
''	O


Telelawyer	O
is	O
apparently	O
the	O
only	O
telephone	O
service	O
that	O
offers	O
the	O
telephone	O
equivalent	O
of	O
an	O
office	O
visit	O
.	O


Local	O
bar	O
associations	O
in	O
some	O
states	O
have	O
numbers	O
that	O
provide	O
free	O
tape	O
-	O
recorded	O
messages	O
explaining	O
certain	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


There	O
also	O
are	O
``	O
800	O
''	O
hotlines	O
which	O
refer	O
people	O
to	O
lawyers	O
,	O
usually	O
personal	O
-	O
injury	O
specialists	O
,	O
for	O
in	O
-	O
office	O
consultation	O
.	O


When	O
a	O
caller	O
reaches	O
Telelawyer	O
by	O
dialing	O
900	O
-	O
TELELAW	O
,	O
a	O
receptionist	O
refers	O
the	O
call	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
six	B-CARDINAL
attorneys	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
a	O
caller	O
has	O
reason	O
to	O
sue	O
,	O
Cane	B-ORG
lawyers	O
review	O
documents	O
and	O
perform	O
research	O
,	O
if	O
necessary	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
law	O
clerks	O
and	O
several	O
support	O
staffers	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
charge	O
for	O
research	O
--	O
only	O
for	O
time	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
matter	O
requires	O
further	O
legal	O
work	O
or	O
litigation	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Cane	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
his	O
lawyers	O
may	O
refer	O
the	O
client	O
to	O
a	O
law	O
firm	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
says	O
Cane	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Associates	I-ORG
does	O
n't	O
receive	O
referral	O
fees	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Cane	B-PERSON
,	O
most	O
calls	O
have	O
involved	O
landlord	O
-	O
tenant	O
problems	O
,	O
tax	O
problems	O
,	O
divorce	O
,	O
and	O
probate	O
questions	O
.	O


The	O
firm	O
is	O
getting	O
about	B-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
calls	O
a	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
average	O
call	O
lasts	O
about	B-TIME
15	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
.	O


Out	O
of	O
the	O
$	O
2	B-MONEY
charge	O
,	O
the	O
law	O
firm	O
pockets	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.55	I-MONEY
.	O


JURY	O
CONVICTS	O
congressman	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
Wedtech	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
scandal	O
.	O


A	O
federal	O
court	O
jury	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
found	O
U.S.	B-GPE
Rep.	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Garcia	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
N.Y	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
and	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
Jane	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
Garcia	I-PERSON
,	O
guilty	O
of	O
extorting	O
$	O
76,000	B-MONEY
from	O
Wedtech	B-ORG
in	O
return	O
for	O
official	O
acts	O
by	O
the	O
congressman	O
.	O


The	O
jury	O
also	O
convicted	O
them	O
of	O
extortion	O
in	O
obtaining	O
a	O
$	O
20,000	B-MONEY
,	O
interest	O
-	O
free	O
loan	O
from	O
a	O
Wedtech	B-ORG
officer	O
.	O


The	O
jury	O
found	O
them	O
guilty	O
of	O
conspiracy	O
in	O
obtaining	O
the	O
payments	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
disguised	O
as	O
fees	O
for	O
consulting	O
services	O
from	O
Mrs.	O
Garcia	B-PERSON
.	O


Wedtech	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
became	O
embroiled	O
in	O
political	O
-	O
corruption	O
cases	O
that	O
eventually	O
led	O
to	O
its	O
demise	O
,	O
formerly	O
was	O
a	O
minority	O
-	O
owned	O
South	B-LOC
Bronx	I-LOC
,	O
N.Y.	B-GPE
,	O
defense	O
contractor	O
.	O


Edward	B-PERSON
J.M.	I-PERSON
Little	I-PERSON
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
assistant	O
U.S.	B-GPE
attorneys	O
who	O
prosecuted	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
Garcia	B-PERSON
trial	O
``	O
is	O
the	O
last	O
of	O
the	O
Wedtech	B-ORG
prosecutions	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Little	B-PERSON
said	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
people	O
have	O
been	O
convicted	O
in	O
the	O
Wedtech	B-ORG
cases	O
,	O
including	O
former	O
U.S.	B-GPE
Rep.	O
Mario	B-PERSON
Biaggi	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
N.Y	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
.	O


Lawyers	O
for	O
the	O
Garcias	B-PERSON
said	O
they	O
plan	O
to	O
appeal	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Garcia	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
represents	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
18th	B-ORDINAL
congressional	O
district	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
the	O
Bronx	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
he	O
has	O
n't	O
decided	O
whether	O
he	O
will	O
resign	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
consulting	O
with	O
my	O
political	O
advisers	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
Democratic	B-NORP
leaders	O
about	O
the	O
best	O
way	O
of	O
preserving	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
my	O
constituents	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Garcia	B-PERSON
,	O
56	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
.	O


Mrs.	O
Garcia	B-PERSON
,	O
49	B-DATE
,	O
formerly	O
was	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Garcia	B-PERSON
's	O
congressional	O
staff	O
.	O


The	O
Garcias	B-PERSON
were	O
cleared	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
other	O
felony	O
counts	O
,	O
involving	O
the	O
receipt	O
of	O
bribes	O
and	O
gratuities	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
Judge	O
Leonard	B-PERSON
B.	I-PERSON
Sand	I-PERSON
set	O
the	O
Garcias	B-PERSON
'	O
sentencing	O
for	O
Jan.	B-DATE
5	I-DATE
.	O


FIVE	B-CARDINAL
SHEA	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
GOULD	I-ORG
PARTNERS	O
are	O
leaving	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
new	O
firm	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
firm	O
,	O
Hutton	B-ORG
Ingram	I-ORG
Yuzek	I-ORG
Gainen	I-ORG
Carroll	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Bertolotti	I-ORG
,	O
will	O
be	O
based	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
five	B-CARDINAL
partners	O
who	O
resigned	O
from	O
Shea	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Gould	I-ORG
late	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
are	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Hutton	I-PERSON
,	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Ingram	I-PERSON
,	O
Dean	B-PERSON
Yuzek	I-PERSON
,	O
Daniel	B-PERSON
Carroll	I-PERSON
and	O
Ernest	B-PERSON
Bertolotti	I-PERSON
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
joined	O
by	O
Larry	B-PERSON
Gainen	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
resigned	O
from	O
the	O
firm	O
of	O
LePatner	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Gainen	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Block	I-ORG
.	O


Howard	B-PERSON
Rubenstein	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
publicist	O
who	O
represents	O
Shea	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Gould	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Shea	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Gould	I-ORG
understands	O
they	O
're	O
leaving	O
because	O
they	O
wanted	O
a	O
different	O
environment	O
--	O
a	O
smaller	O
firm	O
they	O
would	O
be	O
principals	O
of	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Rubenstein	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
,	O
who	O
were	O
n't	O
on	O
Shea	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Gould	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
management	O
committee	O
,	O
``	O
are	O
leaving	O
on	O
good	O
terms	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
said	O
Shea	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Gould	I-ORG
held	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
discussions	O
with	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
partners	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
to	O
get	O
them	O
to	O
stay	O
but	O
that	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
were	O
firmly	O
committed	O
to	O
running	O
their	O
own	O
firm	O
.	O


Hutton	B-ORG
Ingram	I-ORG
will	O
have	O
a	O
general	O
corporate	O
,	O
securities	O
,	O
real	O
-	O
estate	O
and	O
litigation	O
practice	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
substantial	O
practice	O
serving	O
the	O
professional	O
-	O
design	O
community	O
.	O


DISCIPLINARY	O
PROCEEDINGS	O
against	O
lawyers	O
open	O
to	O
public	O
in	O
Illinois	B-GPE
.	O


While	O
investigations	O
into	O
lawyer	O
misconduct	O
will	O
remain	O
secret	O
,	O
the	O
public	O
will	O
be	O
notified	O
once	O
a	O
formal	O
complaint	O
is	O
filed	O
against	O
an	O
attorney	O
.	O


The	O
actual	O
disciplinary	O
hearings	O
will	O
be	O
public	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
Illinois	B-GPE
attorneys	O
will	O
lose	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
sue	O
clients	O
who	O
file	O
malicious	O
complaints	O
against	O
them	O
.	O


Non-lawyers	O
will	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
inquiry	O
panels	O
that	O
look	O
into	O
allegations	O
of	O
misconduct	O
.	O


Illinois	B-GPE
joins	O
36	B-CARDINAL
other	O
states	O
that	O
allow	O
public	O
participation	O
in	O
attorney	O
-	O
disciplinary	O
proceedings	O
and	O
32	B-CARDINAL
states	O
that	O
open	O
disciplinary	O
hearings	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Bar	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
vocal	O
critic	O
of	O
the	O
changes	O
,	O
Chicago	B-GPE
lawyer	O
Warren	B-PERSON
Lupel	I-PERSON
,	O
says	O
non-lawyers	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
inquiry	O
panels	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
unlikely	O
to	O
appreciate	O
the	O
nuances	O
of	O
attorney	O
-	O
client	O
relationships	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
publishing	O
the	O
names	O
of	O
lawyers	O
who	O
are	O
facing	O
charges	O
unnecessarily	O
subjects	O
them	O
to	O
public	O
derogation	O
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Lupel	B-PERSON
anticipates	O
no	O
legal	O
action	O
to	O
reverse	O
the	B-ORG
Illinois	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
decision	O
to	O
institute	O
the	O
changes	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
's	O
no	O
constitutional	O
right	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
rule	O
change	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
right	O
to	O
practice	O
.	O


You	O
only	O
have	O
a	O
privilege	O
to	O
practice	O
.	O
''	O


DREXEL	B-ORG
BURNHAM	I-ORG
LAMBERT	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
agreed	O
to	O
pay	O
a	O
$	O
50,000	B-MONEY
fine	O
to	O
Delaware	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
26th	B-ORDINAL
state	O
to	O
settle	O
with	O
Drexel	B-ORG
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
the	O
firm	O
's	O
guilty	O
plea	O
to	O
federal	O
insider	O
-	O
trading	O
charges	O
.	O


Drexel	B-ORG
does	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
Delaware	B-GPE
office	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
firm	O
has	O
been	O
negotiating	O
settlements	O
that	O
would	O
allow	O
it	O
to	O
operate	O
freely	O
nationwide	O
despite	O
its	O
record	O
as	O
an	O
admitted	O
felon	O
.	O


The	O
firm	O
has	O
said	O
it	O
expects	O
to	O
pay	O
$	B-MONEY
11.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
overall	O
to	O
settle	O
with	O
states	O
.	O


Drexel	B-ORG
pleaded	O
guilty	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
to	O
six	B-CARDINAL
felony	O
counts	O
of	O
securities	O
and	O
mail	O
fraud	O
;	O
it	O
also	O
made	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
650	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
civil	O
settlement	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
.	O


Philip	B-ORG
Morris	I-ORG
Cos.	I-ORG
,	O
whose	O
Benson	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Hedges	I-ORG
cigarette	O
brand	O
has	O
been	O
losing	O
market	O
share	O
,	O
has	O
asked	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
other	O
agency	O
to	O
try	O
its	O
hand	O
at	O
creative	O
work	O
for	O
the	O
big	O
account	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
at	O
Wells	B-ORG
Rich	I-ORG
Greene	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
since	O
1966	B-DATE
.	O


Executives	O
close	O
to	O
Philip	B-ORG
Morris	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
the	O
tobacco	O
and	O
food	O
giant	O
has	O
asked	O
Backer	B-ORG
Spielvogel	I-ORG
Bates	I-ORG
Worldwide	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Saatchi	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
possibly	O
others	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
creative	O
ideas	O
for	O
the	O
account	O
.	O


Several	O
executives	O
said	O
another	O
potential	O
contender	O
is	O
WPP	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Ogilvy	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Mather	I-ORG
agency	O
,	O
which	O
works	O
on	O
some	O
other	O
Philip	B-ORG
Morris	I-ORG
products	O
.	O


Both	O
Philip	B-ORG
Morris	I-ORG
and	O
Backer	B-ORG
Spielvogel	I-ORG
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
.	O


A	O
spokeswoman	O
for	O
Ogilvy	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Mather	I-ORG
said	O
the	O
agency	O
does	O
n't	O
comment	O
on	O
``	O
idle	O
speculation	O
.	O
''	O


Also	O
mentioned	O
as	O
a	O
contender	O
was	O
TBWA	B-ORG
Advertising	I-ORG
,	O
but	O
the	O
company	O
denied	O
it	O
was	O
participating	O
.	O


The	O
loss	O
of	O
the	O
cigarette	O
account	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
severe	O
blow	O
to	O
Wells	B-ORG
Rich	I-ORG
.	O


Benson	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Hedges	I-ORG
has	O
been	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
most	O
high	O
-	O
visibility	O
campaigns	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
largest	O
clients	O
.	O


The	O
account	O
billed	O
almost	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
60	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
Leading	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Advertisers	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
Philip	B-ORG
Morris	I-ORG
has	O
scaled	O
back	O
ad	O
spending	O
on	O
the	O
brand	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
industry	O
executives	O
said	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
now	O
bills	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Industry	O
executives	O
said	O
Philip	B-ORG
Morris	I-ORG
had	O
asked	O
the	O
other	O
agencies	O
to	O
create	O
campaigns	O
in	O
a	O
bid	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
brand	O
's	O
slipping	O
market	O
share	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
John	B-PERSON
Maxwell	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
analyst	O
at	O
Wheat	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
,	O
Richmond	B-GPE
,	O
Va.	B-GPE
,	O
Benson	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Hedges	I-ORG
has	O
slipped	O
from	O
4.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
cigarette	O
market	O
in	O
1985	B-DATE
to	O
just	B-PERCENT
4.1	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
after	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
brand	O
is	O
No.	O
7	B-CARDINAL
overall	O
in	O
the	O
cigarette	O
business	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Maxwell	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


The	O
slip	O
has	O
come	O
despite	O
high	O
-	O
profile	O
ads	O
created	O
by	O
Wells	B-ORG
Rich	I-ORG
,	O
including	O
one	B-CARDINAL
picturing	O
a	O
young	O
man	O
clad	O
only	O
in	O
pajama	O
bottoms	O
interrupting	O
a	O
festive	O
brunch	O
.	O


That	O
ad	O
generated	O
so	O
much	O
publicity	O
that	O
a	O
trade	O
magazine	O
launched	O
a	O
contest	O
for	O
its	O
readers	O
to	O
guess	O
who	O
the	O
guy	O
was	O
and	O
what	O
he	O
was	O
doing	O
.	O


Wells	B-ORG
Rich	I-ORG
first	B-ORDINAL
popularized	O
the	O
Benson	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Hedges	I-ORG
brand	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
with	O
ads	O
portraying	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
an	O
elevator	O
door	O
closing	O
on	O
a	O
passenger	O
's	O
cigarette	O
.	O


The	O
brand	O
early	O
on	O
achieved	O
an	O
upscale	O
appeal	O
--	O
a	O
trait	O
that	O
some	O
analysts	O
believe	O
is	O
partly	O
responsible	O
for	O
its	O
staid	O
performance	O
.	O


Philip	B-ORG
Morris	I-ORG
,	O
trying	O
to	O
revive	O
the	O
Benson	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Hedges	I-ORG
franchise	O
,	O
put	O
the	O
account	O
up	O
for	O
review	O
in	O
1986	B-DATE
.	O


Wells	B-ORG
Rich	I-ORG
Greene	I-ORG
,	O
however	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
directed	O
by	O
Mary	B-PERSON
Wells	I-PERSON
Lawrence	I-PERSON
,	O
emerged	O
the	O
victor	O
of	O
the	O
review	O
and	O
retained	O
the	O
business	O
.	O


Kenneth	B-PERSON
Olshan	I-PERSON
,	O
Wells	B-ORG
Rich	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
chairman	O
,	O
did	O
n't	O
return	O
phone	O
calls	O
seeking	O
comment	O
.	O


While	O
Wells	B-ORG
Rich	I-ORG
recently	O
picked	O
up	O
Hertz	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
$	B-MONEY
25	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
account	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
lost	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
big	O
accounts	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
including	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
25	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Cadbury	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Schweppes	I-ORG
Canada	I-ORG
Dry	I-ORG
and	O
Sunkist	B-ORG
accounts	O
,	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
18	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Procter	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Gamble	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
Sure	B-PRODUCT
deodorant	O
account	O
and	O
the	O
$	O
10	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Polo	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
Ralph	I-ORG
Lauren	I-ORG
business	O
.	O


Its	O
victories	O
include	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
Sheraton	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
business	O
and	O
an	O
assignment	O
from	O
Dun	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Bradstreet	I-ORG
worth	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


This	O
city	O
is	O
girding	O
for	O
gridlock	O
today	B-DATE
as	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
commuters	O
avoid	O
travel	O
routes	O
ravaged	O
by	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
earthquake	O
.	O


Estimates	O
of	O
damage	O
in	O
the	O
six	B-CARDINAL
-	O
county	O
San	B-LOC
Francisco	I-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
area	O
neared	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
excluding	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
repairing	O
the	O
region	O
's	O
transportation	O
system	O
.	O


The	B-FAC
Bay	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
main	O
artery	O
into	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
from	O
the	O
east	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
closed	O
for	O
at	B-DATE
least	I-DATE
several	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


Part	O
of	O
the	O
bridge	O
collapsed	O
in	O
the	O
quake	O
,	O
which	O
registered	O
6.9	B-CARDINAL
on	O
the	O
Richter	O
scale	O
.	O


The	O
bridge	O
normally	O
carries	O
250,000	B-CARDINAL
commuters	O
a	O
day	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
ramps	O
connecting	O
the	O
city	O
to	O
its	O
main	O
link	O
to	O
the	O
south	O
,	O
the	O
101	B-FAC
freeway	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
closed	O
for	O
repairs	O
.	O


The	O
Bay	B-ORG
Area	I-ORG
Rapid	I-ORG
Transit	I-ORG
system	O
,	O
which	O
runs	O
subway	O
trains	O
beneath	O
the	O
bay	O
,	O
is	O
braced	O
for	O
a	O
doubling	O
of	O
its	O
daily	O
regular	O
ridership	O
to	O
300,000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


BART	B-ORG
has	O
increased	O
service	O
to	O
24	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
a	O
day	O
in	O
preparation	O
for	O
the	O
onslaught	O
.	O


Most	O
unusual	O
will	O
be	O
water	O
-	O
borne	O
commuters	O
from	O
the	O
East	B-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
towns	O
of	O
Oakland	B-GPE
and	O
Berkeley	B-GPE
.	O


For	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
32	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
ferry	O
service	O
has	O
been	O
restored	O
between	O
the	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
and	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Red	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
White	I-ORG
Fleet	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
operates	O
regular	O
commuter	O
ferry	O
service	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
Marin	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
tourist	O
tours	O
of	O
the	O
bay	O
,	O
is	O
offering	O
East	B-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
commuters	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
ride	O
the	O
waves	O
for	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
$	O
10	B-MONEY
round	O
-	O
trip	O
.	O


That	O
tariff	O
is	O
too	O
stiff	O
for	O
some	O
Financial	B-LOC
District	I-LOC
wage	O
earners	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
'll	O
stay	O
with	O
BART	B-ORG
,	O
''	O
said	O
one	B-CARDINAL
secretary	O
,	O
swallowing	O
her	O
fears	O
about	O
using	O
the	O
transbay	O
tube	O
.	O


Officials	O
expect	O
the	B-FAC
Golden	I-FAC
Gate	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
to	O
be	O
swamped	O
with	O
an	O
extra	O
load	O
of	O
commuters	O
,	O
including	O
East	B-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
residents	O
making	O
a	O
long	O
detour	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
're	O
anticipating	O
quite	O
a	O
traffic	O
crunch	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
one	O
official	O
.	O


About	B-CARDINAL
23,000	I-CARDINAL
people	O
typically	O
travel	O
over	O
the	B-FAC
Golden	I-FAC
Gate	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
during	O
commute	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


About	B-CARDINAL
130,000	I-CARDINAL
vehicles	O
cross	O
during	O
a	O
24	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
period	O
.	O


Meetings	O
canceled	O
by	O
Apple	B-ORG
Computer	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
European	B-NORP
sales	O
force	O
and	O
by	O
other	O
groups	O
raised	O
the	O
specter	O
of	O
empty	O
hotel	O
rooms	O
and	O
restaurants	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
raised	O
hackles	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
tourism	O
boosters	O
.	O


``	O
Other	O
cities	O
are	O
calling	O
-LCB-	O
groups	O
booked	O
here	O
for	O
tours	O
and	O
conferences	O
-RCB-	O
and	O
--	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
crass	O
--	O
stealing	O
our	O
booking	O
list	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Scott	B-PERSON
Shafer	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
spokesman	O
for	O
Mayor	O
Art	B-PERSON
Agnos	I-PERSON
.	O


City	O
officials	O
stuck	O
by	O
their	O
estimate	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
quake	O
-	O
shocked	O
city	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
five	B-CARDINAL
Bay	B-LOC
area	I-LOC
counties	O
have	O
increased	O
their	O
total	O
damage	O
estimates	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
2.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


All	O
estimates	O
exclude	O
highway	O
repair	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
exceed	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Among	O
the	O
expensive	O
unknowns	O
are	O
stretches	O
of	O
elevated	O
freeway	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
that	O
were	O
closed	O
because	O
of	O
quake	O
-	O
inflicted	O
damage	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
worrisome	O
stretch	O
is	O
1.2	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
of	O
waterfront	O
highway	O
known	O
as	O
the	B-FAC
Embarcadero	I-FAC
Freeway	I-FAC
.	O


Until	O
it	O
was	O
closed	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
had	O
provided	O
the	O
quickest	O
series	O
of	O
exits	O
for	O
commuters	O
from	O
the	B-FAC
Bay	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
heading	O
into	O
the	B-LOC
Financial	I-LOC
District	I-LOC
.	O


Engineers	O
say	O
it	O
will	O
take	O
at	B-DATE
least	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
to	O
repair	O
the	O
Embarcadero	B-FAC
structure	O
.	O


As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
quake	O
recovery	O
effort	O
,	O
the	O
city	O
Building	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
has	O
surveyed	O
about	B-CARDINAL
3,000	I-CARDINAL
buildings	O
,	O
including	O
all	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Financial	I-LOC
District	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
high	O
-	O
rises	O
.	O


The	O
preliminary	O
conclusion	O
from	O
a	O
survey	O
of	O
200	B-CARDINAL
downtown	O
high	O
-	O
rises	O
is	O
that	O
``	O
we	O
were	O
incredibly	O
lucky	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Lawrence	B-PERSON
Kornfield	I-PERSON
,	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
chief	O
building	O
inspector	O
.	O


While	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
buildings	O
sustained	O
heavy	O
damage	O
,	O
little	O
of	O
that	O
involved	O
major	O
structural	O
damage	O
.	O


City	O
building	O
codes	O
require	O
construction	O
that	O
can	O
resist	O
temblors	O
.	O


In	O
England	B-GPE
,	O
Martin	B-PERSON
Leach	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
spokesman	O
for	O
Lloyd	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
London	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
the	O
insurance	O
market	O
has	O
n't	O
yet	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
total	O
potential	O
claims	O
from	O
the	O
disaster	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
extent	O
of	O
the	O
claims	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
known	O
for	O
some	O
time	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Leach	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


On	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
during	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
California	B-GPE
to	O
survey	O
quake	O
damage	O
,	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
promised	O
to	O
``	O
meet	O
the	O
federal	O
government	O
's	O
obligation	O
''	O
to	O
assist	O
relief	O
efforts	O
.	O


California	B-GPE
officials	O
plan	O
to	O
ask	O
Congress	B-ORG
for	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
or	O
more	O
of	O
federal	O
aid	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
grants	O
and	O
low	O
-	O
interest	O
loans	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
has	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
reserve	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
add	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
to	O
that	O
fund	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Some	O
of	O
that	O
money	O
will	O
be	O
available	O
for	O
highway	O
repair	O
and	O
special	O
emergency	O
aid	O
,	O
but	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
legislature	O
are	O
also	O
mulling	O
over	O
a	O
temporary	O
state	O
gasoline	O
tax	O
to	O
raise	O
money	O
for	O
earthquake	O
relief	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
state	O
initiatives	O
restrict	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
legislature	O
to	O
raise	O
such	O
taxes	O
unless	O
the	O
voters	O
approve	O
in	O
a	O
statewide	O
referendum	O
.	O


G.	B-PERSON
Christian	I-PERSON
Hill	I-PERSON
and	O
Ken	B-PERSON
Wells	I-PERSON
contributed	O
to	O
this	O
article	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Bakersfield	I-ORG
Supermarket	I-ORG
went	O
out	O
of	O
business	O
last	B-DATE
May	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
reason	O
was	O
not	O
high	O
interest	O
rates	O
or	O
labor	O
costs	O
.	O


Nor	O
was	O
there	O
a	O
shortage	O
of	O
customers	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
,	O
the	O
residential	O
Inwood	B-LOC
section	O
of	O
northern	O
Manhattan	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
business	O
closed	O
when	O
the	O
owner	O
was	O
murdered	O
by	O
robbers	O
.	O


The	O
owner	O
was	O
Israel	B-PERSON
Ortiz	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
29	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
entrepreneur	O
and	O
father	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
.	O


In	O
his	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
operating	O
the	O
store	O
he	O
bought	O
for	O
$	O
220,000	B-MONEY
,	O
Mr.	O
Ortiz	B-PERSON
was	O
robbed	O
at	O
least	O
twice	O
at	O
gunpoint	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
he	O
was	O
shot	O
in	O
the	O
hand	O
as	O
he	O
chased	O
the	O
robbers	O
outside	O
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
time	O
he	O
identified	O
two	B-CARDINAL
robbers	O
,	O
who	O
were	O
arrested	O
and	O
charged	O
.	O


Two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
--	O
perhaps	O
in	O
retaliation	O
--	O
Mr.	O
Ortiz	B-PERSON
was	O
shot	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
,	O
during	O
what	O
police	O
classified	O
as	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
robbery	O
attempt	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
his	O
reward	O
for	O
working	O
until	O
11	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
seven	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
a	O
week	O
to	O
cover	O
his	O
$	O
3,000	B-MONEY
a	O
month	O
rent	O
.	O


For	O
providing	O
what	O
his	O
customers	O
described	O
as	O
very	O
personal	O
and	O
helpful	O
service	O
.	O


For	O
creating	O
a	O
focus	O
for	O
neighborhood	O
life	O
.	O


Israel	B-PERSON
Ortiz	I-PERSON
is	O
only	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
entrepreneurs	O
and	O
their	O
employees	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
injured	O
or	O
killed	O
by	O
crime	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Statistics	I-ORG
reports	O
that	O
almost	B-PERCENT
2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
all	O
retail	O
-	O
sales	O
workers	O
suffer	O
injuries	O
from	O
crime	O
each	O
year	O
,	O
almost	O
twice	O
the	O
national	O
average	O
and	O
about	B-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
times	O
the	O
rate	O
for	O
teachers	O
,	O
truck	O
drivers	O
,	O
medical	O
workers	O
and	O
door	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
door	O
salespeople	O
.	O


Only	O
a	O
few	O
other	O
occupations	O
have	O
higher	O
reported	O
rates	O
of	O
criminal	O
injury	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
police	O
,	O
bartenders	O
and	O
taxi	O
drivers	O
.	O


Yet	O
these	O
figures	O
show	O
only	O
the	O
most	O
visible	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


Recent	O
data	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
provide	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
picture	O
.	O


While	O
by	O
no	O
means	O
the	O
highest	O
crime	O
community	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
is	O
a	O
prime	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
city	O
where	O
crime	O
strangles	O
small	O
-	O
business	O
development	O
.	O


A	O
survey	O
of	O
small	O
businesses	O
there	O
was	O
conducted	O
this	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
by	O
Interface	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
policy	O
research	O
organization	O
.	O


It	O
gave	O
1,124	B-CARDINAL
businesses	O
a	O
questionnaire	O
and	O
analyzed	O
353	B-CARDINAL
responses	O
.	O


The	O
survey	O
found	O
that	O
over	O
a	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
period	O
22	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
firms	O
said	O
employees	O
or	O
owners	O
had	O
been	O
robbed	O
on	O
their	O
way	O
to	O
or	O
from	O
work	O
or	O
while	O
on	O
the	O
job	O
.	O


Seventeen	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
reported	O
their	O
customers	O
being	O
robbed	O
.	O


Crime	O
was	O
the	O
reason	O
that	O
26	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
reported	O
difficulty	O
recruiting	O
personnel	O
and	O
that	O
19	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
said	O
they	O
were	O
considering	O
moving	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
responding	O
businesses	O
said	O
they	O
suffer	O
from	O
drug	O
dealing	O
and	O
loitering	O
near	O
their	O
premises	B-LOC
.	O


In	O
Brooklyn	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Bronx	B-GPE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
commercial	O
firms	O
is	O
burglarized	O
each	O
year	O
.	O


Industrial	O
neighborhoods	O
fare	O
even	O
worse	O
,	O
with	O
burglary	O
rates	O
twice	O
the	O
citywide	O
average	O
.	O


Crime	O
is	O
clearly	O
more	O
deadly	O
to	O
small	O
-	O
scale	O
entrepreneurship	O
than	O
to	O
big	O
businesses	O
.	O


Two	B-DATE
decades	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Small	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
reported	O
Yale	B-ORG
Prof.	O
Albert	B-PERSON
Reiss	I-PERSON
's	O
landmark	O
study	O
of	O
crime	O
against	O
2,500	B-CARDINAL
small	O
businesses	O
drawn	O
from	O
national	O
IRS	B-ORG
records	O
.	O


He	O
found	O
that	O
monetary	O
crime	O
losses	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
proportion	O
of	O
gross	O
receipts	O
,	O
were	O
37	B-CARDINAL
times	O
higher	O
for	O
small	O
businesses	O
than	O
for	O
large	O
ones	O
.	O


The	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
study	O
's	O
companies	O
averaged	O
27	B-CARDINAL
employees	O
;	O
their	O
annual	B-DATE
crime	O
losses	O
averaged	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
15,000	I-MONEY
,	O
with	O
an	O
additional	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
8,385	I-MONEY
annual	B-DATE
cost	O
in	O
security	O
--	O
enough	O
money	O
to	O
hire	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
more	O
worker	O
.	O


The	O
costs	O
of	O
crime	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
enough	O
to	O
destroy	O
a	O
struggling	O
business	O
.	O


Whatever	O
the	O
monetary	O
crime	O
losses	O
,	O
they	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
nearly	O
as	O
important	O
to	O
entrepreneurs	O
as	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
personal	O
injury	O
.	O


After	O
repeated	O
gun	O
robberies	O
,	O
some	O
entrepreneurs	O
may	O
give	O
up	O
a	O
business	O
out	O
of	O
fear	O
for	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
Washington	B-GPE
couple	O
recently	O
sold	O
their	O
liquor	O
store	O
after	O
34	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
business	O
that	O
included	O
four	B-CARDINAL
robbery	O
deaths	O
and	O
16	B-CARDINAL
robberies	O
or	O
burglaries	O
on	O
the	O
premises	B-LOC
.	O


These	O
findings	O
illustrate	O
the	O
vicious	O
cycle	O
that	O
National	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Director	O
James	B-PERSON
K.	I-PERSON
Stewart	I-PERSON
calls	O
``	O
crime	O
causing	O
poverty	O
.	O
''	O


Underclass	O
neighborhoods	O
offer	O
relatively	O
few	O
employment	O
opportunities	O
,	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
poverty	O
of	O
local	O
residents	O
.	O


Small	O
neighborhood	O
businesses	O
could	O
provide	O
more	O
jobs	O
,	O
if	O
crime	O
were	O
not	O
so	O
harmful	O
to	O
creating	O
and	O
maintaining	O
those	O
businesses	O
.	O


This	O
may	O
help	O
explain	O
why	O
small	O
businesses	O
create	O
65	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
all	O
jobs	O
nationally	O
,	O
but	O
only	B-PERCENT
22	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
jobs	O
in	O
a	O
crime	O
-	O
ridden	O
city	O
like	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Bigger	O
business	O
can	O
often	O
better	O
afford	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
crime	O
.	O


The	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
study	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
security	O
measures	O
in	O
firms	O
with	O
fewer	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
employees	O
was	O
almost	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1,000	I-MONEY
per	O
worker	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
that	O
amount	O
for	O
firms	O
with	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
employees	O
.	O


The	O
shift	O
of	O
retailing	O
to	O
large	O
shopping	O
centers	O
has	O
created	O
even	O
greater	O
economies	O
of	O
scale	O
for	O
providing	O
low	O
-	O
crime	O
business	O
environments	O
.	O


Private	O
security	O
guards	O
and	O
moonlighting	O
police	O
can	O
invoke	O
the	O
law	O
of	O
trespass	O
to	O
regulate	O
access	O
to	O
these	O
quasi-public	O
places	O
.	O


Since	O
1984	B-DATE
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
revenues	O
of	O
the	O
10	B-CARDINAL
largest	O
guard	O
companies	O
,	O
primarily	O
serving	O
such	O
big	O
businesses	O
,	O
have	O
increased	O
by	O
almost	B-PERCENT
62	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Few	O
small	O
neighborhood	O
businesses	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
can	O
afford	O
such	O
protection	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
other	O
local	O
merchants	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
neighborhoods	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
crime	O
rates	O
,	O
small	O
business	O
generally	O
relies	O
on	O
the	O
public	O
police	O
force	O
for	O
protection	O
.	O


This	O
creates	O
several	O
problems	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
is	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
not	O
enough	O
police	O
to	O
satisfy	O
small	O
businesses	O
.	O


The	O
number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
proposal	O
for	O
reducing	O
crime	O
in	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
survey	O
was	O
to	O
put	O
more	O
police	O
on	O
foot	O
or	O
scooter	O
patrol	O
,	O
suggested	O
by	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
.	O


Only	B-PERCENT
22	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
supported	O
private	O
security	O
patrols	O
funded	O
by	O
the	O
merchants	O
themselves	O
.	O


A	O
second	B-ORDINAL
problem	O
is	O
the	O
persistent	O
frustration	O
of	O
false	O
alarms	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
make	O
urban	O
police	O
less	O
than	O
enthusiastic	O
about	O
responding	O
to	O
calls	O
from	O
small	O
businesses	O
.	O


Only	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
small	O
businesses	O
surveyed	O
,	O
for	O
their	O
part	O
,	O
are	O
satisfied	O
with	O
the	O
police	O
response	O
they	O
receive	O
.	O


Some	O
cities	O
,	O
including	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
have	O
experimented	O
with	O
special	O
tax	O
districts	O
for	O
commercial	O
areas	O
that	O
provide	O
additional	O
patrols	O
funded	O
by	O
local	O
businesses	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
raises	O
added	O
cost	O
barriers	O
to	O
urban	O
entrepreneurship	O
.	O


Another	O
solution	O
cities	O
might	O
consider	O
is	O
giving	O
special	O
priority	O
to	O
police	O
patrols	O
of	O
small	O
-	O
business	O
areas	O
.	O


For	O
cities	O
losing	O
business	O
to	O
suburban	O
shopping	O
centers	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
wise	O
business	O
investment	O
to	O
help	O
keep	O
those	O
jobs	O
and	O
sales	O
taxes	O
within	O
city	O
limits	O
.	O


Increased	O
patrolling	O
of	O
business	O
zones	O
makes	O
sense	O
because	O
urban	O
crime	O
is	O
heavily	O
concentrated	O
in	O
such	O
``	O
hot	O
spots	O
''	O
of	O
pedestrian	O
density	O
.	O


With	O
National	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
support	O
,	O
the	O
Minneapolis	B-GPE
police	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Crime	I-ORG
Control	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
are	O
currently	O
testing	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
such	O
a	O
strategy	O
,	O
comparing	O
its	O
deterrence	O
value	O
with	O
traditional	O
random	O
patrols	O
.	O


Small	O
-	O
business	O
patrols	O
would	O
be	O
an	O
especially	O
helpful	O
gesture	O
whenever	O
a	O
small	O
-	O
business	O
person	O
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
testify	O
against	O
a	O
robbery	O
suspect	O
.	O


While	O
no	O
guarantee	O
,	O
an	O
increased	O
police	O
presence	O
might	O
even	O
deter	O
further	O
attacks	O
.	O


It	O
might	O
even	O
have	O
saved	O
the	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
business	O
,	O
of	O
Israel	B-PERSON
Ortiz	I-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Sherman	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
professor	O
of	O
criminology	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Maryland	I-ORG
and	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Crime	I-ORG
Control	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
D.C	B-GPE
.	O


Former	O
U.N.	B-ORG
Ambassador	O
Jeane	B-PERSON
Kirkpatrick	I-PERSON
,	O
in	O
a	O
CNN	B-ORG
``	O
Capital	B-WORK_OF_ART
Gang	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
discussion	O
Oct.	B-DATE
7	I-DATE
of	O
House	B-ORG
action	O
on	O
federal	O
catastrophic	O
-	O
illness	O
insurance	O
:	O


I	O
think	O
this	O
repeal	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
a	O
thoughtless	O
action	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
fact	O
...	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
revisit	O
this	O
issue	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
revisit	O
it	O
before	O
long	O
.	O


Diversification	O
pays	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
fundamental	O
lesson	O
for	O
investors	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
truth	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
once	O
again	O
in	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
mutual	O
funds	O
during	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
's	O
Friday	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
13th	I-DATE
plunge	O
.	O


Stock	O
funds	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
market	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
,	O
generally	O
dropped	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
through	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
Thursday	I-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
figures	O
compiled	O
by	O
Lipper	B-ORG
Analytical	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


That	O
reflects	O
the	O
huge	O
drop	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
,	O
last	B-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
rebound	O
and	O
the	O
dips	O
and	O
blips	O
that	O
followed	O
.	O


But	O
several	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
funds	O
shielded	O
investors	O
from	O
the	O
worst	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
slide	O
.	O


Funds	O
that	O
invest	O
internationally	O
were	O
the	O
top	O
-	O
performing	O
stock	O
and	O
fixed	O
-	O
income	O
funds	O
.	O


``	O
More	O
than	O
ever	O
,	O
people	O
should	O
realize	O
they	O
should	O
have	O
a	O
diversified	O
portfolio	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Jeremy	B-PERSON
Duffield	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
Vanguard	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
That	O
means	O
stocks	O
,	O
bonds	O
,	O
money	O
market	O
instruments	O
and	O
real	O
estate	O
.	O
''	O


One	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
performance	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
any	O
investment	O
decision	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
latest	O
mutual	O
fund	O
performance	O
figures	O
do	O
show	O
what	O
can	O
happen	O
when	O
the	O
going	O
gets	O
rough	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
how	O
a	O
fund	O
did	O
when	O
the	O
market	O
got	O
hammered	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Kurt	B-PERSON
Brouwer	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
investment	O
adviser	O
with	O
Brouwer	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Janachowski	I-ORG
in	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
like	O
kicking	O
the	O
tires	O
of	O
a	O
car	O
...	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
is	O
when	O
the	O
road	O
's	O
rough	O
,	O
when	O
there	O
's	O
snow	O
and	O
ice	O
,	O
how	O
's	O
this	O
car	O
going	O
to	O
perform	O
?	O
''	O


General	O
equity	O
funds	O
fell	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
2.35	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
Thursday	I-DATE
,	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
2.32	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
slide	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Standard	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Poor	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
500	B-CARDINAL
-	O
stock	O
index	O
.	O


But	O
Lipper	B-ORG
Analytical	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
figures	O
show	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
ways	O
investors	O
could	O
have	O
cushioned	O
themselves	O
from	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
's	O
gyrations	O
.	O


Gold	O
-	O
oriented	O
funds	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
which	O
invest	O
in	O
companies	O
that	O
mine	O
and	O
process	O
the	O
precious	O
metal	O
,	O
posted	O
an	O
average	O
decline	O
of	O
1.15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Flexible	O
portfolio	O
funds	O
,	O
which	O
allocate	O
investments	O
among	O
stocks	O
,	O
bonds	O
and	O
money	O
-	O
market	O
instruments	O
and	O
other	O
investments	O
,	O
declined	O
at	O
about	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
the	O
rate	O
of	O
stock	O
funds	O
--	O
an	O
average	O
drop	O
of	O
1.27	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
according	O
to	O
Lipper	B-ORG
.	O


Global	O
allocation	O
funds	O
take	O
the	O
asset	O
-	O
allocation	O
concept	O
one	B-CARDINAL
step	O
further	O
by	O
investing	O
at	B-PERCENT
least	I-PERCENT
25	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
their	O
portfolios	O
outside	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
gives	O
them	O
the	O
added	O
benefits	O
of	O
international	O
diversification	O
--	O
including	O
a	O
foreign	O
-	O
exchange	O
boost	O
during	O
periods	O
,	O
like	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
dollar	O
declines	O
against	O
other	O
major	O
currencies	O
.	O


With	O
all	O
that	O
going	O
for	O
them	O
,	O
global	O
flexible	O
portfolio	O
funds	O
declined	O
only	B-PERCENT
1.07	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
through	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
Thursday	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
while	O
the	O
merits	O
of	O
diversification	O
shine	O
through	O
when	O
times	O
are	O
tough	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
also	O
a	O
price	O
to	O
pay	O
:	O
A	O
diversified	O
portfolio	O
always	O
underperforms	O
an	O
undiversified	O
portfolio	O
during	O
those	O
times	O
when	O
the	O
investment	O
in	O
the	O
undiversified	O
portfolio	O
is	O
truly	O
hot	O
.	O


And	O
Friday	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
13th	I-DATE
notwithstanding	O
,	O
stocks	O
have	O
been	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
hot	O
investment	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
even	O
including	O
the	B-DATE
latest	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
average	O
general	O
stock	O
fund	O
has	O
soared	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
24	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
so	O
far	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Lipper	B-ORG
Analytical	I-ORG
figures	O
show	O
.	O


By	O
comparison	O
,	O
global	O
asset	O
allocation	O
funds	O
have	O
turned	O
in	O
an	O
average	O
total	O
return	O
of	O
about	B-PERCENT
19	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
while	O
domestic	O
flexible	O
portfolios	O
are	O
up	O
about	B-PERCENT
17	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Fixed	O
-	O
income	O
funds	O
have	O
returned	O
8.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
while	O
gold	O
funds	O
,	O
which	O
tend	O
to	O
be	O
volatile	O
,	O
have	O
risen	O
just	B-PERCENT
4.55	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
on	O
average	O
.	O


``	O
That	O
's	O
the	O
problem	O
with	O
trying	O
to	O
hedge	O
too	O
much	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Brouwer	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
You	O
do	O
n't	O
make	O
any	O
real	O
money	O
.	O
''	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Brouwer	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
an	O
investor	O
putting	O
$	O
5,000	B-MONEY
a	O
year	O
in	O
the	O
S&P	O
500	O
would	O
have	O
made	O
nearly	O
twice	O
as	O
much	O
than	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
invested	O
in	O
Treasury	B-ORG
bills	O
.	O


Some	O
equity	O
funds	O
did	O
better	O
than	O
others	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
that	I-DATE
began	I-DATE
on	I-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
13th	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
$	B-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Monetta	B-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
top	O
performing	O
fund	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
a	O
2.65	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
return	O
.	O


Its	O
return	O
so	O
far	O
this	O
year	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
credible	O
21.71	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
fund	O
's	O
strategy	O
is	O
to	O
sell	O
when	O
a	O
stock	O
appreciates	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
its	O
cost	O
.	O


By	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
market	O
plummeted	O
10	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Monetta	B-ORG
was	O
55	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
cash	O
,	O
said	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Bacarella	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
and	O
portfolio	O
manager	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
started	O
``	O
buying	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
quality	O
growth	O
companies	O
that	O
people	O
were	O
throwing	O
away	O
at	O
discount	O
prices	O
.	O
''	O


Among	O
Mr.	O
Bacarella	B-PERSON
's	O
picks	O
:	O
Oracle	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
,	O
Reebok	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
and	O
Digital	B-ORG
Microwave	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
fund	O
's	O
cash	O
position	O
is	O
now	B-DATE
about	B-PERCENT
22	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
which	O
Mr.	O
Bacarella	B-PERSON
calls	O
``	O
still	O
bearish	O
.	O
''	O


Among	O
the	O
big	O
stock	O
funds	O
,	O
Dreyfus	B-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
,	O
with	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
assets	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
decline	O
of	O
just	B-PERCENT
1.49	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	O
a	O
return	O
of	O
21.42	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Howard	B-PERSON
Stein	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
Dreyfus	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
the	O
fund	O
was	O
about	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
invested	O
in	O
government	O
bonds	O
on	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
about	B-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
cash	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
a	O
downward	O
market	O
,	O
bonds	O
act	O
better	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
still	O
think	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
unsettlement	O
in	O
this	O
market	O
.	O


We	O
believe	O
interest	O
rates	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
trend	O
lower	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
economy	O
will	O
slow	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
''	O


Many	O
of	O
the	O
funds	O
that	O
did	O
best	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
are	O
heavily	O
invested	O
overseas	O
,	O
giving	O
them	O
the	O
benefit	O
of	O
foreign	O
currency	O
translations	O
when	O
the	O
dollar	O
is	O
weak	O
.	O


From	O
its	O
high	O
point	O
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
Oct.	I-DATE
12	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
to	O
where	O
it	O
traded	O
late	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
dollar	O
fell	O
3.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
against	O
the	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
mark	O
,	O
3.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
against	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
pound	O
and	O
2.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
against	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
yen	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
International	O
Cash	O
Portfolios	O
funds	O
,	O
which	O
invest	O
almost	O
exclusively	O
in	O
bonds	O
and	O
money	O
-	O
market	O
instruments	O
overseas	O
,	O
were	O
among	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
top	O
-	O
performing	O
funds	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
latest	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Because	O
the	O
funds	O
'	O
investments	O
are	O
denominated	O
in	O
foreign	O
currencies	O
,	O
their	O
value	O
expressed	O
in	O
dollars	O
goes	O
up	O
when	O
those	O
currencies	O
rise	O
against	O
the	O
dollar	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
dollar	O
rises	O
against	O
major	O
foreign	O
currencies	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
did	O
for	O
much	O
of	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
dollar	O
value	O
of	O
these	O
funds	O
declines	O
.	O


All	O
three	B-CARDINAL
funds	O
posted	O
negative	O
returns	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
date	I-DATE
.	O


Of	O
the	O
funds	O
that	O
fared	O
the	O
worst	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
post-Oct	I-DATE
.	I-DATE
13	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
are	O
heavily	O
invested	O
in	O
airlines	O
stocks	O
,	O
which	O
led	O
the	O
market	O
slide	O
following	O
problems	O
with	O
financing	O
for	O
the	O
UAL	B-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
buy	O
-	O
out	O
plan	O
.	O


Reflecting	O
airline	O
takeover	O
activity	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
both	O
the	O
Fidelity	O
Select	O
Air	O
Transportation	O
Portfolio	O
and	O
the	O
National	O
Aviation	O
&	O
Technology	O
fund	O
posted	O
better	O
-	O
than	O
-	O
average	O
returns	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
date	I-DATE
:	O
30.09	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
the	O
Fidelity	O
Air	O
Transportation	O
fund	O
and	O
a	O
whopping	O
47.24	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
National	O
Aviation	O
&	O
Technology	O
.	O


The	O
small	O
drop	O
in	O
equity	O
funds	O
in	O
general	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
latest	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
may	O
not	O
necessarily	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
sign	O
,	O
said	O
A.	B-PERSON
Michael	I-PERSON
Lipper	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Lipper	B-ORG
Analytical	I-ORG
.	O


Noting	O
that	O
equity	O
funds	O
are	O
up	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
60	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
their	O
post-crash	O
low	O
on	O
Dec.	B-DATE
3	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1987	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
what	O
happened	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
``	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
enough	O
of	O
an	O
adjustment	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
either	O
more	O
to	O
come	O
or	O
an	O
extremely	O
long	O
period	O
of	O
dullness	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
investors	O
do	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
think	O
so	O
.	O


Several	O
big	O
mutual	O
fund	O
groups	O
said	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
that	O
cash	O
flows	O
into	O
stock	O
funds	O
were	O
heavier	O
than	O
usual	O
after	O
heavy	O
outflows	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE
.	O


Vanguard	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
had	O
a	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
net	O
inflow	O
into	O
its	O
stock	O
funds	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
There	O
certainly	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
a	O
panic	O
reaction	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Steven	B-PERSON
Norwitz	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
vice	O
president	O
at	O
T.	B-ORG
Rowe	I-ORG
Price	I-ORG
Associates	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
People	O
showed	O
some	O
staying	O
power	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
interest	O
in	O
buying	O
equities	O
.	O
''	O


Source	O
:	O
Lipper	B-ORG
Analytical	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


\*	O
Not	O
counting	O
dividends	O


\*\*	O
With	O
dividends	O
reinvested	O


Sources	O
:	O
Lipper	B-ORG
Analytical	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
;	O
Standard	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Poor	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


Guardian	B-ORG
Royal	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Assurance	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
major	O
British	B-NORP
composite	O
insurer	O
,	O
said	O
it	O
is	O
taking	O
a	O
stake	O
in	O
Nationwide	B-ORG
Anglia	I-ORG
Building	I-ORG
Society	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
estate	O
agency	O
business	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
plan	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
commercial	O
linkages	O
in	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
and	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


Officials	O
declined	O
to	O
disclose	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
transaction	O
or	O
the	O
exact	O
stake	O
that	O
GRE	B-ORG
will	O
hold	O
in	O
Nationwide	B-ORG
Anglia	I-ORG
Estate	I-ORG
Agents	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
the	O
companies	O
said	O
that	O
Nationwide	B-ORG
Anglia	I-ORG
Estate	I-ORG
Agents	I-ORG
will	O
market	O
GRE	B-ORG
life	O
insurance	O
,	O
pension	O
and	O
investment	O
products	O
through	O
its	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
1,000	I-CARDINAL
retail	O
outlets	O
in	O
the	O
U.K	B-GPE
.	O


Besides	O
the	O
marketing	O
agreement	O
,	O
GRE	B-ORG
said	O
Nationwide	B-ORG
Anglia	I-ORG
has	O
agreed	O
to	O
develop	O
life	O
insurance	O
products	O
with	O
the	O
composite	O
insurer	O
.	O


Sitting	O
at	O
the	O
bar	O
of	O
the	O
Four	B-ORG
Seasons	I-ORG
restaurant	O
,	O
architect	O
William	B-PERSON
McDonough	I-PERSON
seems	O
oblivious	O
to	O
the	O
glamorous	O
clientele	O
and	O
the	O
elegant	O
setting	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
ogling	O
the	O
curtains	O
rippling	O
above	O
the	O
ventilation	O
ducts	O
.	O


``	O
Look	O
how	O
much	O
air	O
is	O
moving	O
around	O
!	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
ventilation	O
here	O
is	O
great	O
!	O
''	O


You	O
may	O
be	O
hearing	O
more	O
about	O
the	O
38	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Mr.	O
McDonough	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
preoccupation	O
with	O
clean	O
air	O
.	O


After	O
years	O
of	O
relative	O
obscurity	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
starting	O
to	O
attract	O
notice	O
for	O
the	O
ecological	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
aesthetic	O
quality	O
of	O
his	O
architecture	O
.	O


Mr.	O
McDonough	B-PERSON
believes	O
that	O
the	O
well	O
-	O
being	O
of	O
the	O
planet	O
depends	O
on	O
such	O
stratagems	O
as	O
opening	O
windows	O
to	O
cut	O
indoor	O
air	O
pollution	O
,	O
tacking	O
down	O
carpets	O
instead	O
of	O
using	O
toxic	O
glues	O
,	O
and	O
avoiding	O
mahogany	O
,	O
which	O
comes	O
from	O
endangered	O
rain	O
forests	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
put	O
some	O
of	O
his	O
aesthetic	O
ideas	O
into	O
practice	O
with	O
his	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
-	O
star	O
Quilted	B-ORG
Giraffe	I-ORG
restaurant	O
--	O
``	O
architecturally	O
impeccable	O
,	O
''	O
Progressive	B-ORG
Architecture	I-ORG
magazine	O
called	O
it	O
--	O
and	O
his	O
remodeling	O
of	O
Paul	B-ORG
Stuart	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Madison	B-FAC
Avenue	I-FAC
clothing	O
store	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
designed	O
furniture	O
and	O
homes	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
commercial	O
and	O
office	O
space	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
now	O
designing	O
a	O
Broadway	B-FAC
stage	O
set	O
for	O
a	O
show	O
by	O
the	O
band	O
Kid	B-ORG
Creole	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Coconuts	I-ORG
.	O


What	O
really	O
stirs	O
his	O
muse	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
is	O
aerobic	O
architecture	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
question	O
is	O
:	O
Is	O
Poland	B-GPE
ready	O
for	O
it	O
?	O


Mr.	O
McDonough	B-PERSON
is	O
about	O
to	O
tackle	O
his	O
biggest	O
clean	O
-	O
air	O
challenge	O
yet	O
,	O
the	O
proposed	O
Warsaw	B-FAC
Trade	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
in	O
Poland	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
such	O
center	O
in	O
Eastern	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
project	O
has	O
already	O
acquired	O
a	O
certain	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
cachet	O
.	O


Bloomingdale	B-ORG
's	O
plans	O
to	O
sell	O
a	O
foot	B-QUANTITY
-	O
tall	O
chocolate	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
center	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
holidays	I-DATE
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
sales	O
proceeds	O
will	O
go	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Design	I-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
for	O
AIDS	O
.	O


A	O
cake	O
topped	O
with	O
a	O
replica	O
of	O
the	O
center	O
will	O
be	O
auctioned	O
at	O
an	O
AIDS	O
benefit	O
at	O
Sotheby	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
in	O
December	B-DATE
.	O


If	O
Mr.	O
McDonough	B-PERSON
's	O
plans	O
get	O
executed	O
,	O
as	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
Polish	B-NORP
center	O
as	O
possible	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
from	O
aluminum	O
,	O
steel	O
and	O
glass	O
recycled	O
from	O
Warsaw	B-GPE
's	O
abundant	O
rubble	O
.	O


A	O
20	B-CARDINAL
-	O
story	O
mesh	O
spire	O
will	O
stand	O
atop	O
50	B-CARDINAL
stories	O
of	O
commercial	O
space	O
.	O


Solar	O
-	O
powered	O
batteries	O
will	O
make	O
the	O
spire	O
glow	O
.	O


The	O
windows	O
will	O
open	O
.	O


The	O
carpets	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
glued	O
down	O
,	O
and	O
walls	O
will	O
be	O
coated	O
with	O
nontoxic	O
finishes	O
.	O


To	O
the	O
extent	O
that	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
budget	O
will	O
allow	O
it	O
,	O
Mr.	O
McDonough	B-PERSON
will	O
rely	O
on	O
solid	O
wood	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
plywood	O
or	O
particle	O
board	O
,	O
to	O
limit	O
the	O
emission	O
of	O
formaldehyde	O
.	O


If	O
Mr.	O
McDonough	B-PERSON
has	O
his	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
Poles	B-NORP
will	O
compensate	O
for	O
the	O
trade	O
center	O
's	O
emissions	O
of	O
carbon	O
dioxide	O
,	O
a	O
prime	O
suspect	O
in	O
the	O
global	O
atmospheric	O
warming	O
many	O
scientists	O
fear	O
.	O


The	O
Poles	B-NORP
would	O
plant	O
a	O
10	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
forest	O
somewhere	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
at	O
a	O
cost	O
of	O
$	O
150,000	B-MONEY
,	O
with	O
the	O
center	O
's	O
developer	O
footing	O
the	O
bill	O
.	O


The	O
news	O
has	O
n't	O
exactly	O
moved	O
others	O
in	O
Mr.	O
McDonough	B-PERSON
's	O
profession	O
to	O
become	O
architectural	O
Johnny	B-PERSON
Appleseeds	I-PERSON
.	O


All	O
architects	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
ecological	O
consequences	O
of	O
their	O
work	O
,	O
says	O
John	B-PERSON
Burgee	I-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
firm	O
is	O
designing	O
the	O
redevelopment	O
of	O
Times	B-FAC
Square	I-FAC
,	O
``	O
but	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
all	O
carry	O
it	O
to	O
that	O
extreme	O
.	O
''	O


Karen	B-PERSON
Nichols	I-PERSON
,	O
senior	O
associate	O
at	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Graves	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
architecture	O
firm	O
in	O
Princeton	B-GPE
,	O
N.J.	B-GPE
,	O
says	O
:	O
``	O
We	O
're	O
really	O
at	O
the	O
mercy	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
construction	O
industry	O
can	O
and	O
will	O
do	O
readily	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
McDonough	B-PERSON
responds	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
'm	O
asking	O
people	O
to	O
broaden	O
their	O
agendas	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
son	O
of	O
a	O
Seagram	B-ORG
's	O
executive	O
who	O
was	O
stationed	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
Mr.	O
McDonough	B-PERSON
was	O
born	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
and	O
attended	O
19	B-CARDINAL
schools	O
in	O
places	O
ranging	O
from	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
to	O
Shaker	B-GPE
Heights	I-GPE
,	O
Ohio	B-GPE
,	O
before	O
entering	O
Dartmouth	B-ORG
College	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
earned	O
a	O
master	O
's	O
degree	O
in	O
architecture	O
from	O
Yale	B-ORG
.	O


His	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
natural	O
environment	O
dates	O
from	O
his	O
youth	O
.	O


He	O
and	O
his	O
father	O
still	O
spend	O
time	O
each	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
fly	O
-	O
fishing	O
for	O
salmon	O
in	O
Iceland	B-GPE
.	O


Living	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
made	O
him	O
sensitive	O
to	O
the	O
limits	O
on	O
food	O
,	O
power	O
and	O
water	O
supplies	O
.	O


At	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
school	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
he	O
was	O
thought	O
a	O
little	O
strange	O
for	O
shutting	O
off	O
open	O
water	O
taps	O
and	O
admonishing	O
his	O
schoolmates	O
to	O
take	O
only	O
brief	O
showers	O
.	O


He	O
and	O
a	O
Dartmouth	B-ORG
roommate	O
established	O
a	O
company	O
that	O
restored	O
three	B-CARDINAL
hydroelectric	O
power	O
plants	O
in	O
Vermont	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
Yale	B-ORG
,	O
he	O
designed	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
solarheated	O
houses	O
to	O
be	O
built	O
in	O
Ireland	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
McDonough	B-PERSON
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
professional	O
project	O
fully	O
to	O
reflect	O
his	O
environmental	O
ardor	O
was	O
his	O
1986	B-DATE
design	O
for	O
the	O
headquarters	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Environmental	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
offices	O
took	O
10,000	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
of	O
a	O
building	O
with	O
14	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
ceilings	O
and	O
big	O
,	O
operable	O
windows	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
1970s	B-DATE
energy	O
crisis	O
,	O
some	O
efforts	O
to	O
conserve	O
energy	O
by	O
sealing	O
buildings	O
have	O
had	O
an	O
unintended	O
side	O
effect	O
:	O
high	O
indoor	O
pollution	O
.	O


To	O
reduce	O
it	O
at	O
the	O
fund	O
's	O
building	O
,	O
workers	O
rubbed	O
beeswax	O
instead	O
of	O
polyurethane	O
on	O
the	O
floors	O
in	O
the	O
executive	O
director	O
's	O
office	O
.	O


Jute	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
synthetic	O
material	O
,	O
lies	O
under	O
the	O
tacked	O
-	O
down	O
carpets	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
desks	O
are	O
of	O
wood	O
and	O
granite	O
instead	O
of	O
plastic	O
.	O


The	O
budget	O
was	O
only	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
400,000	I-MONEY
.	O


``	O
Athens	B-GPE
with	O
Spartan	B-NORP
means	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
McDonough	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


The	O
fund	O
's	O
lawyers	O
work	O
in	O
an	O
Athenian	B-NORP
grove	O
of	O
potted	O
trees	O
.	O


Economists	O
and	O
administrators	O
sit	O
along	O
a	O
``	O
boulevard	O
''	O
with	O
street	O
lamps	O
and	O
ficus	O
trees	O
.	O


In	O
offices	O
,	O
triphosphorous	O
bulbs	O
simulate	O
daylight	O
.	O


Offices	O
with	O
outside	O
windows	O
have	O
inside	O
windows	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
to	O
let	O
in	O
more	O
real	O
daylight	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
proved	O
a	O
healthy	O
office	O
does	O
n't	O
cost	O
more	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Frederic	B-PERSON
Krupp	I-PERSON
,	O
executive	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
fund	O
.	O


It	O
``	O
really	O
looks	O
beautiful	O
and	O
is	O
very	O
light	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Ann	B-PERSON
Hornaday	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
free	O
-	O
lance	O
writer	O
who	O
has	O
visited	O
the	O
office	O
for	O
lunch	O
meetings	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
she	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
guess	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
really	O
notice	O
the	O
trees	O
.	O


Maybe	O
they	O
were	O
hidden	O
by	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


Neither	O
the	B-ORG
Quilted	I-ORG
Giraffe	I-ORG
nor	O
the	O
Paul	B-ORG
Stuart	I-ORG
renovation	O
reflects	O
much	O
of	O
Mr.	O
McDonough	B-PERSON
's	O
environmental	O
concern	O
.	O


The	O
restaurant	O
was	O
conceived	O
as	O
a	O
sparkling	O
,	O
crystalline	O
``	O
geode	O
.	O
''	O


It	O
makes	O
extensive	O
use	O
of	O
stainless	O
steel	O
,	O
silver	O
and	O
aluminum	O
that	O
sets	O
off	O
black	O
granite	O
table	O
tops	O
and	O
a	O
gray	O
terrazzo	O
with	O
zinc	O
-	O
strip	O
floors	O
.	O


To	O
more	O
than	O
replace	O
the	O
wood	O
from	O
two	B-CARDINAL
English	B-NORP
oaks	O
used	O
for	O
paneling	O
at	O
Paul	B-ORG
Stuart	I-ORG
,	O
however	O
,	O
Mr.	O
McDonough	B-PERSON
and	O
friends	O
planted	O
1,000	B-CARDINAL
acorns	O
around	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


The	O
ambitious	O
Warsaw	B-GPE
project	O
still	O
awaits	O
approval	O
by	O
city	O
officials	O
.	O


Its	O
developer	O
is	O
a	B-NORP
Polish	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
,	O
Sasha	B-PERSON
Muniak	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
had	O
worked	O
with	O
Mr.	O
McDonough	B-PERSON
on	O
an	O
earlier	O
project	O
and	O
recruited	O
him	O
as	O
architect	O
for	O
the	O
trade	O
center	O
.	O


The	O
center	O
will	O
provide	O
space	O
for	O
computer	O
hardware	O
and	O
facsimile	O
and	O
other	O
telecommunications	O
equipment	O
,	O
not	O
readily	O
accessible	O
in	O
Poland	B-GPE
now	B-DATE
,	O
for	O
a	O
growing	O
number	O
of	O
Westerners	O
doing	O
business	O
in	O
Eastern	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
.	O


Mr.	O
McDonough	B-PERSON
thinks	O
of	O
the	O
center	O
as	O
the	B-FAC
``	I-FAC
Eiffel	I-FAC
Tower	I-FAC
of	O
Warsaw	B-GPE
''	O
and	O
``	O
a	O
symbol	O
of	O
the	O
resurgence	O
of	O
Poland	B-GPE
.	O
''	O


If	O
any	O
nation	O
can	O
use	O
environmentally	O
benign	O
architecture	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
Poland	B-GPE
.	O


Jessica	B-PERSON
Mathews	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
World	B-ORG
Resources	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
D.C.	B-GPE
,	O
says	O
that	O
perhaps	O
a	O
quarter	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Poland	B-GPE
's	O
soil	O
is	O
too	O
contaminated	O
for	O
safe	O
farming	O
because	O
of	O
air	O
pollution	O
.	O


The	O
pollution	O
is	O
also	O
killing	O
forests	O
and	O
destroying	O
buildings	O
that	O
date	O
back	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
Middle	I-DATE
Ages	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
future	O
of	O
the	O
forest	O
remains	O
uncertain	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Muniak	B-PERSON
's	O
company	O
,	O
Balag	B-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
has	O
agreed	O
to	O
set	O
aside	O
the	O
money	O
to	O
plant	O
and	O
maintain	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
discussions	O
are	O
still	O
going	O
on	O
over	O
where	O
to	O
place	O
it	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
maintained	O
.	O


After	O
all	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Muniak	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
``	O
in	O
Poland	B-GPE
there	O
are	O
n't	O
too	O
many	O
people	O
worried	O
about	O
the	O
environment	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
more	O
worried	O
about	O
bread	O
on	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


The	O
long	O
-	O
running	O
scandal	O
surrounding	O
the	O
1982	B-DATE
collapse	O
of	O
Banco	B-ORG
Ambrosiano	I-ORG
was	O
reignited	O
by	O
the	O
arrest	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
of	O
Rome	B-GPE
businessman	O
Flavio	B-PERSON
Carboni	I-PERSON
on	O
fraud	O
charges	O
.	O


Rome	B-GPE
magistrates	O
accuse	O
Mr.	O
Carboni	B-PERSON
and	O
several	O
other	O
people	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
extort	O
1.2	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
lire	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	O
880,000	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
from	O
the	O
Vatican	B-FAC
in	O
return	O
for	O
documents	O
contained	O
in	O
the	O
briefcase	O
of	O
Roberto	B-PERSON
Calvi	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Ambrosiano	B-ORG
chairman	O
found	O
hanged	O
under	O
London	B-GPE
's	O
Blackfriar	B-FAC
's	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
shortly	O
before	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
collapse	O
.	O


Banco	B-ORG
Ambrosiano	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
was	O
Italy	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
private	O
-	O
sector	O
bank	O
,	O
collapsed	O
in	O
1982	B-DATE
with	O
$	B-MONEY
1.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
debts	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
money	O
was	O
lent	O
to	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
shell	O
companies	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
and	O
Luxembourg	B-GPE
that	O
were	O
owned	O
,	O
directly	O
or	O
indirectly	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
Vatican	B-FAC
bank	O
.	O


The	O
Vatican	B-FAC
,	O
which	O
denies	O
any	O
wrongdoing	O
,	O
paid	O
$	B-MONEY
250	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	O
the	O
Milan	B-GPE
bank	O
's	O
creditors	O
as	O
a	O
``	O
goodwill	O
gesture	O
''	O
in	O
1985	B-DATE
.	O


Italian	B-NORP
news	O
reports	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Carboni	B-PERSON
and	O
a	O
colleague	O
obtained	O
1.2	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
lire	I-MONEY
in	O
checks	O
from	O
a	O
Vatican	B-FAC
official	O
,	O
Pavel	B-PERSON
Hnilica	I-PERSON
.	O


Italian	B-NORP
papers	O
speculated	O
the	O
briefcase	O
contained	O
papers	O
either	O
exonerating	O
the	O
Vatican	B-FAC
bank	O
from	O
blame	O
in	O
the	O
scandal	O
,	O
or	O
showing	O
that	O
the	O
bank	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Istituto	I-ORG
per	I-ORG
le	I-ORG
Opere	I-ORG
di	I-ORG
Religione	I-ORG
,	O
channeled	O
funds	O
to	O
East	B-LOC
bloc	I-LOC
groups	O
such	O
as	O
Solidarity	B-ORG
in	O
Poland	B-GPE
.	O


Neither	O
Mr.	O
Hnilica	B-PERSON
,	O
Mr.	O
Carboni	B-PERSON
nor	O
Vatican	B-FAC
officials	O
could	O
be	O
reached	O
for	O
comment	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
business	O
trust	O
company	O
said	O
its	O
board	O
elected	O
Kieran	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
Burke	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
consultant	O
to	O
Drexel	B-ORG
Burnham	I-ORG
Lambert	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
as	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
post	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
president	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Burke	B-PERSON
succeeds	O
Richard	B-PERSON
D.	I-PERSON
Manley	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
will	O
remain	O
as	O
a	O
consultant	O
to	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


Both	O
men	O
were	O
unavailable	O
to	O
comment	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
also	O
named	O
Michael	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
Gellert	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
director	O
and	O
a	O
major	O
shareholder	O
,	O
to	O
fill	O
the	O
vacant	O
seat	O
of	O
chairman	O
.	O


Britain	B-GPE
's	O
Serious	B-ORG
Fraud	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
will	O
investigate	O
the	O
circumstances	O
surrounding	O
alleged	O
phantom	O
contracts	O
at	O
Ferranti	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Signal	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
International	B-ORG
Signal	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Control	I-ORG
unit	O
.	O


The	O
investigation	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
coordinated	O
with	O
one	O
already	O
under	O
way	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
follows	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
what	O
Ferranti	B-ORG
has	O
called	O
a	O
``	O
serious	O
''	O
fraud	O
involving	O
its	O
U.S.	B-GPE
subsidiary	O
.	O


International	B-ORG
Signal	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Control	I-ORG
,	O
Lancaster	B-GPE
,	O
Pa.	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
defense	O
-	O
equipment	O
manufacturer	O
,	O
was	O
bought	O
by	O
Ferranti	B-ORG
in	O
1987	B-DATE
for	O
#	B-MONEY
420	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
670.3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
.	O


Ferranti	B-ORG
has	O
said	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
forced	O
to	O
write	O
off	O
#	B-MONEY
185	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
against	O
the	O
phantom	O
contracts	O
,	O
reducing	O
its	O
net	O
asset	O
value	O
by	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
.	O


The	B-ORG
Serious	I-ORG
Fraud	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
division	O
of	O
London	B-GPE
's	O
Metropolitan	B-ORG
Police	I-ORG
responsible	O
for	O
investigating	O
financial	O
crimes	O
,	O
said	O
its	O
work	O
would	O
take	O
in	O
``	O
allegations	O
of	O
fraud	O
prior	O
to	O
,	O
surrounding	O
and	O
subsequent	O
to	O
the	O
merger	O
.	O
''	O


Ferranti	B-ORG
said	O
that	O
it	O
welcomes	O
the	O
investigation	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
``	O
cooperate	O
fully	O
.	O
''	O


Derek	B-PERSON
Alun	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Jones	I-PERSON
,	O
Ferranti	B-ORG
's	O
chairman	O
,	O
has	O
said	O
he	O
hoped	O
to	O
pursue	O
legal	O
action	O
against	O
those	O
responsible	O
.	O


The	O
British	B-NORP
defense	O
electronics	O
group	O
has	O
said	O
it	O
will	O
sell	O
#	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
assets	O
and	O
may	O
seek	O
a	O
merger	O
to	O
strengthen	O
itself	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
its	O
troubles	O
.	O


Chicago	B-GPE
businessmen	O
Bertram	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
and	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Bynoe	I-PERSON
signed	O
a	O
new	O
agreement	O
to	O
purchase	O
the	O
Denver	B-ORG
Nuggets	I-ORG
basketball	O
team	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
as	O
principal	O
owners	O
.	O


On	O
Saturday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
partners	O
said	O
the	O
team	O
would	O
be	O
purchased	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
54	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
by	O
a	O
new	O
group	O
including	O
Comsat	B-ORG
Video	I-ORG
Enterprises	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
Communications	B-ORG
Satellite	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
based	O
here	O
.	O


Comsat	B-ORG
Video	I-ORG
will	O
pay	O
$	B-MONEY
17	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
a	O
62.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
interest	O
,	O
with	O
Messrs.	O
Lee	B-PERSON
and	O
Bynoe	B-PERSON
putting	O
up	O
$	B-MONEY
8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
a	O
37.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
the	O
team	O
.	O


Under	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
sale	O
,	O
Nuggets	B-ORG
owner	O
Sidney	B-PERSON
Shlenker	I-PERSON
could	O
receive	O
up	B-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
11	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
additional	O
payments	O
from	O
the	O
franchise	O
's	O
future	O
earnings	O
.	O


Messrs.	O
Lee	B-PERSON
and	O
Bynoe	B-PERSON
last	B-DATE
July	I-DATE
announced	O
a	O
deal	O
that	O
would	O
have	O
made	O
them	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
black	O
principal	O
owners	O
of	O
a	O
major	O
professional	O
sports	O
franchise	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
deal	O
fell	O
apart	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
for	O
lack	O
of	O
financing	O
.	O


Comsat	B-ORG
Video	I-ORG
is	O
headed	O
by	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Wussler	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
resigned	O
his	O
No.	O
2	B-CARDINAL
executive	O
post	O
with	O
Turner	B-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
System	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
just	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
to	O
take	O
the	O
Comsat	B-ORG
position	O
.	O


Comsat	B-ORG
Video	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
distributes	O
pay	O
-	O
per	O
-	O
view	O
programs	O
to	O
hotel	O
rooms	O
,	O
plans	O
to	O
add	O
Nuggets	B-ORG
games	O
to	O
their	O
offerings	O
,	O
as	O
Mr.	O
Turner	B-PERSON
did	O
successfully	O
with	O
his	O
Atlanta	B-ORG
Hawks	I-ORG
and	O
Braves	B-ORG
sports	O
teams	O
.	O


Messrs.	O
Lee	B-PERSON
and	O
Bynoe	B-PERSON
will	O
manage	O
the	O
Nuggets	B-ORG
'	O
day	B-DATE
-	O
today	O
affairs	O
.	O


Bullish	O
bond	O
market	O
sentiment	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
rise	O
again	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
government	O
prepares	O
to	O
release	O
the	O
next	O
batch	O
of	O
economic	O
reports	O
,	O
the	O
consensus	O
among	O
economists	O
and	O
money	O
managers	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
news	O
will	O
be	O
negative	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
,	O
they	O
say	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
good	O
for	O
bonds	O
.	O


``	O
Recent	O
data	O
have	O
indicated	O
somewhat	O
weaker	O
economic	O
activity	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Elliott	B-PERSON
Platt	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
economic	O
research	O
at	O
Donaldson	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Lufkin	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Jenrette	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Platt	B-PERSON
is	O
advising	O
clients	O
that	O
``	O
the	O
near	O
-	O
term	O
direction	O
of	O
bond	O
prices	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
remain	O
upward	O
.	O
''	O


Analysts	O
insist	O
that	O
even	O
without	O
help	O
from	O
a	O
shaky	O
stock	O
market	O
,	O
which	O
provided	O
a	O
temporary	O
boost	O
for	O
bonds	O
during	O
the	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
stock	O
market	O
plunge	O
,	O
bond	O
prices	O
will	O
start	O
to	O
climb	O
on	O
the	O
prospects	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
will	O
allow	O
interest	O
rates	O
to	O
move	O
lower	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


That	O
would	O
be	O
comforting	O
to	O
fixed	O
-	O
income	O
investors	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
whom	O
were	O
badly	O
burned	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
by	O
incorrectly	O
assuming	O
that	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
would	O
ease	O
.	O


Investors	O
rushed	O
to	O
buy	O
bonds	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
as	O
prices	O
soared	O
on	O
speculation	O
that	O
interest	O
rates	O
would	O
continue	O
to	O
fall	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
it	O
became	O
clear	O
that	O
rates	O
had	O
stabilized	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
's	O
credit	O
-	O
easing	O
policy	O
was	O
on	O
hold	O
,	O
bond	O
yields	O
jumped	O
and	O
prices	O
tumbled	O
.	O


Long	O
-	O
term	O
bonds	O
have	O
performed	O
erratically	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
Treasury	B-ORG
bonds	O
tracked	O
by	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
produced	O
a	O
total	O
return	O
of	O
1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
12.45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
and	O
-0.06	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O


Total	O
return	O
is	O
price	O
changes	O
plus	O
interest	O
income	O
.	O


Now	O
some	O
investment	O
analysts	O
insist	O
that	O
the	O
economic	O
climate	O
has	O
turned	O
cold	O
and	O
gloomy	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
urging	O
clients	O
to	O
buy	O
bonds	O
before	O
the	O
rally	O
begins	O
.	O


Among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
economists	O
note	O
that	O
consumer	O
spending	O
is	O
slowing	O
,	O
corporate	O
profit	O
margins	O
are	O
being	O
squeezed	O
,	O
business	O
confidence	O
is	O
slipping	O
and	O
construction	O
and	O
manufacturing	O
industries	O
are	O
depressed	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
consumer	O
price	O
index	O
showed	O
that	O
inflation	O
is	O
moderating	O
.	O


Add	O
it	O
all	O
up	O
and	O
it	O
means	O
``	O
that	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
has	O
a	O
little	O
leeway	O
to	O
ease	O
its	O
credit	O
policy	O
stance	O
without	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
rekindling	O
inflation	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Norman	B-PERSON
Robertson	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
economist	O
at	O
Mellon	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Pittsburgh	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
will	O
see	O
a	O
federal	O
funds	O
rate	O
of	O
close	O
to	O
8	B-PERCENT
1/2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
and	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
by	O
year	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
.	O
''	O


The	O
federal	O
funds	O
rate	O
,	O
which	O
banks	O
charge	O
each	O
other	O
on	O
overnight	O
loans	O
,	O
is	O
considered	O
an	O
early	O
signal	O
of	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
's	O
credit	O
policy	O
.	O


Economists	O
generally	O
agree	O
that	O
the	O
rate	O
was	O
lowered	O
by	O
the	O
Fed	B-ORG
from	O
around	B-PERCENT
9	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
where	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
since	O
July	B-DATE
,	O
to	O
about	B-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
3/4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
early	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
heels	O
of	O
a	O
weak	O
employment	O
report	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
rate	O
briefly	O
drifted	O
even	O
lower	O
following	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
sell	O
-	O
off	O
that	O
occurred	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
ended	O
Friday	B-DATE
at	O
about	B-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
11/16	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


James	B-PERSON
Kochan	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
fixed	O
-	O
income	O
strategist	O
at	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
touting	O
shorter	O
-	O
term	O
securities	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
says	O
should	O
benefit	O
more	O
quickly	O
than	O
longer	O
-	O
term	O
bonds	O
as	O
interest	O
rates	O
fall	O
.	O


``	O
Given	O
our	O
forecast	O
for	O
lower	O
rates	O
,	O
purchases	O
made	O
now	B-DATE
should	O
prove	O
quite	O
rewarding	O
before	O
year	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kochan	B-PERSON
also	O
likes	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
,	O
investment	O
-	O
grade	O
corporate	O
bonds	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
Treasurys	B-ORG
.	O


He	O
says	O
these	O
bonds	O
should	O
appreciate	O
in	O
value	O
as	O
some	O
investors	O
,	O
reacting	O
to	O
the	O
recent	O
turmoil	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
yield	O
junk	O
bond	O
markets	O
,	O
seek	O
safer	O
securities	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
the	O
-LCB-	O
Tennessee	B-ORG
Valley	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
-RCB-	O
sale	O
is	O
any	O
guide	O
,	O
there	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
good	O
demand	O
for	O
top	O
-	O
quality	O
,	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
paper	O
from	O
both	O
domestic	O
and	O
overseas	O
accounts	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


TVA	B-ORG
,	O
in	O
its	O
first	O
public	O
debt	O
offering	O
in	O
15	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
sold	O
$	B-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
and	O
intermediate	O
-	O
term	O
securities	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Strong	O
investor	O
demand	O
prompted	O
the	O
utility	O
to	O
boost	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
issue	O
from	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


TVA	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
operates	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
largest	O
electric	O
power	O
systems	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
corporation	O
owned	O
by	O
the	O
federal	O
government	O
.	O


But	O
persuading	O
investors	O
to	O
buy	O
bonds	O
may	O
be	O
especially	O
tough	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
government	O
will	O
auction	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
new	O
securities	O
.	O


Today	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Treasury	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
will	O
sell	O
$	B-MONEY
15.6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
and	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
bills	O
at	O
the	O
regular	O
weekly	B-DATE
auction	O
.	O


Tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
will	O
sell	O
$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
notes	O
.	O


Resolution	B-ORG
Funding	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
known	O
as	O
Refcorp	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
division	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
government	O
agency	O
created	O
to	O
bail	O
out	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
troubled	O
savings	O
and	O
loan	O
associations	O
,	O
will	O
hold	O
its	O
first	B-ORDINAL
bond	O
auction	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
it	O
will	O
sell	O
$	B-MONEY
4.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
bonds	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
this	O
comes	O
ahead	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
big	O
quarterly	B-DATE
refunding	O
of	O
the	O
federal	O
debt	O
,	O
which	O
takes	O
place	O
sometime	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
investors	O
have	O
n't	O
shown	O
much	O
appetite	O
for	O
Refcorp	B-ORG
's	O
initial	O
bond	O
offering	O
.	O


Roger	B-PERSON
Early	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
portfolio	O
manager	O
at	O
Federated	B-ORG
Investors	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
that	O
yields	O
on	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
bailout	O
bonds	O
are	O
n't	O
high	O
enough	O
to	O
attract	O
his	O
attention	O
.	O


``	O
Why	O
should	O
I	O
bother	O
with	O
something	O
that	O
's	O
an	O
unknown	O
for	O
a	O
very	O
small	O
pickup	O
in	O
yield	O
?	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
jump	O
on	O
them	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
they	O
come	O
out	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
typical	O
of	O
many	O
professional	O
money	O
managers	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
Refcorp	B-ORG
offering	O
was	O
announced	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	O
when	O
-	O
issued	O
trading	O
activity	O
began	O
,	O
the	O
bailout	O
bonds	O
were	O
yielding	O
about	B-CARDINAL
1/20	I-CARDINAL
percentage	O
point	O
more	O
than	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
's	O
benchmark	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
bond	O
.	O


On	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
yield	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
about	B-CARDINAL
1/4	I-CARDINAL
percentage	O
point	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
benchmark	O
bond	O
,	O
an	O
indication	O
of	O
weak	O
demand	O
.	O


Some	O
economists	O
believe	O
that	O
yields	O
on	O
all	O
Treasury	B-ORG
securities	O
may	O
rise	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
as	O
the	O
market	O
struggles	O
to	O
absorb	O
the	O
new	O
supply	O
.	O


But	O
once	O
the	O
new	O
securities	O
are	O
digested	O
,	O
they	O
expect	O
investors	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
weak	O
economic	O
data	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
supply	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
constraint	O
to	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Samuel	B-PERSON
Kahan	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
financial	O
economist	O
at	O
Kleinwort	B-ORG
Benson	I-ORG
Government	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
If	O
one	O
thinks	O
that	O
rates	O
are	O
going	O
down	O
,	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
how	O
much	O
supply	O
is	O
coming	O
.	O
''	O


Friday	B-DATE
's	O
Market	O
Activity	O


Most	O
bond	O
prices	O
fell	O
on	O
concerns	O
about	O
this	O
week	B-DATE
's	O
new	O
supply	O
and	O
disappointment	O
that	O
stock	O
prices	O
did	O
n't	O
stage	O
a	O
sharp	O
decline	O
.	O


Junk	O
bond	O
prices	O
moved	O
higher	O
,	O
however	O
.	O


In	O
early	O
trading	O
,	O
Treasury	B-ORG
bonds	O
were	O
higher	O
on	O
expectations	O
that	O
a	O
surge	O
in	O
buying	O
among	O
Japanese	B-NORP
investors	O
would	O
continue	O
.	O


Also	O
providing	O
support	O
to	O
Treasurys	B-ORG
was	O
hope	O
that	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
might	O
see	O
declines	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
expiration	O
of	O
some	O
stock	O
-	O
index	O
futures	O
and	O
options	O
on	O
indexes	O
and	O
individual	O
stocks	O
.	O


Those	O
hopes	O
were	O
dashed	O
when	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
put	O
in	O
a	O
relatively	O
quiet	O
performance	O
.	O


Treasury	B-ORG
bonds	O
ended	O
with	O
losses	O
of	O
as	B-CARDINAL
much	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
1/4	I-CARDINAL
point	O
,	O
or	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2.50	I-MONEY
for	O
each	O
$	O
1,000	B-MONEY
face	O
amount	O
.	O


The	O
benchmark	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
bond	O
,	O
which	O
traded	O
as	B-CARDINAL
high	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
102	I-CARDINAL
1/4	I-CARDINAL
during	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
ended	O
at	O
101	B-CARDINAL
17/32	I-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
yield	O
on	O
the	O
benchmark	O
bond	O
rose	O
slightly	O
to	O
7.98	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
7.96	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


In	O
the	O
corporate	O
bond	O
market	O
,	O
traders	O
said	O
the	O
new	O
-	O
issue	O
market	O
for	O
junk	O
bonds	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
pick	O
up	O
following	O
Chicago	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
North	I-ORG
Western	I-ORG
Acquisition	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
$	B-MONEY
475	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
junk	O
bond	O
offering	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
underwriters	O
at	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
they	O
expect	O
to	O
price	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
12	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
senior	O
subordinated	O
debenture	O
offering	O
by	O
Imo	B-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Traders	O
expect	O
the	O
issue	O
to	O
be	O
priced	O
to	O
yield	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Shearson	B-ORG
Lehman	I-ORG
Hutton	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
senior	O
subordinated	O
discount	O
debenture	O
issue	O
by	O
R.P.	B-ORG
Scherer	I-ORG
Drugs	I-ORG
is	O
expected	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


However	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
big	O
new	O
-	O
issue	O
calendar	O
,	O
many	O
junk	O
bond	O
investors	O
and	O
analysts	O
are	O
skeptical	O
the	O
deals	O
will	O
get	O
done	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
are	O
about	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
more	O
deals	O
coming	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Michael	B-PERSON
McNamara	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
fixed	O
-	O
income	O
research	O
at	O
Kemper	B-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
If	O
they	O
had	O
this	O
much	O
trouble	O
with	O
Chicago	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
North	I-ORG
Western	I-ORG
,	O
they	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
awful	O
time	O
with	O
the	O
rest	O
.	O
''	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
underwriters	O
were	O
forced	O
to	O
postpone	O
three	B-CARDINAL
junk	O
bond	O
deals	O
because	O
of	O
recent	O
weakness	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


And	O
pressure	O
by	O
big	O
investors	O
forced	O
Donaldson	B-ORG
Lufkin	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Jenrette	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
to	O
sweeten	O
Chicago	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
North	I-ORG
Western	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
$	B-MONEY
475	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
junk	O
bond	O
offering	O
.	O


After	O
hours	B-TIME
of	O
negotiating	O
that	O
stretched	O
late	O
into	O
Thursday	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
,	O
underwriters	O
priced	O
the	O
12	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
issue	O
of	O
resettable	O
senior	O
subordinated	O
debentures	O
at	O
par	O
to	O
yield	O
14.75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
higher	O
than	O
the	B-PERCENT
14.5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
that	O
had	O
been	O
expected	O
.	O


The	O
coupon	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
will	O
be	O
reset	O
in	O
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
at	O
a	O
rate	O
that	O
will	O
give	O
the	O
issue	O
a	O
market	O
value	O
of	O
101	B-CARDINAL
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
maximum	O
coupon	O
rate	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
reset	O
is	O
15.50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Debenture	O
holders	O
also	O
will	O
receive	O
the	O
equivalent	O
of	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
common	O
stock	O
in	O
Chicago	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
North	I-ORG
Western	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
parent	O
company	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
coupon	O
was	O
raised	O
to	O
induce	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
big	O
players	O
on	O
the	O
fence	O
to	O
come	O
in	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
a	O
spokesman	O
for	O
Donaldson	B-ORG
.	O


``	O
We	O
put	O
a	O
price	O
on	O
the	O
deal	O
that	O
the	O
market	O
required	O
to	O
get	O
it	O
done	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
spokesman	O
said	O
the	O
issue	O
was	O
sold	O
out	O
and	O
met	O
with	O
strong	O
interest	O
abroad	O
,	O
particularly	O
from	O
Japanese	B-NORP
investors	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
secondary	O
,	O
or	O
resale	O
,	O
market	O
,	O
junk	O
bonds	O
closed	O
1/2	B-CARDINAL
point	O
higher	O
,	O
while	O
investment	O
-	O
grade	O
corporate	O
bonds	O
fell	O
1/8	B-CARDINAL
to	O
1/4	B-CARDINAL
point	O
.	O


Sotheby	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
gamble	O
in	O
the	O
art	O
-	O
dealing	O
business	O
appears	O
to	O
have	O
paid	O
off	O
.	O


The	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
arm	O
of	O
the	O
London	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
auction	O
house	O
auctioned	O
off	O
the	O
estate	O
of	O
John	B-PERSON
T.	I-PERSON
Dorrance	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Campbell	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Soup	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
heir	O
,	O
for	O
$	B-MONEY
131	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
record	O
for	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
owner	O
art	O
collection	O
.	O


That	O
total	O
was	O
below	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
140	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
the	O
auction	O
house	O
estimated	O
the	O
collection	O
might	O
sell	O
for	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
enough	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
an	O
unprecedented	O
financial	O
arrangement	O
Sotheby	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
had	O
made	O
with	O
the	O
Dorrance	B-PERSON
family	O
proved	O
profitable	O
to	O
the	O
auction	O
house	O
.	O


Sotheby	B-ORG
's	O
provided	O
the	O
Dorrance	B-PERSON
family	O
a	O
guarantee	O
of	O
at	B-MONEY
least	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
as	B-MONEY
much	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
120	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
to	O
obtain	O
the	O
collection	O
,	O
people	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
transaction	O
said	O
,	O
thus	O
taking	O
a	O
greater	O
than	O
usual	O
financial	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
property	O
to	O
be	O
sold	O
.	O


The	O
Dorrance	B-PERSON
estate	O
,	O
auctioned	O
off	O
in	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
sales	O
held	O
over	O
four	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
included	O
porcelains	O
,	O
furniture	O
and	O
paintings	O
.	O


An	B-PERSON
Henri	I-PERSON
Matisse	I-PERSON
,	O
auctioned	O
last	B-DATE
Wednesday	I-DATE
,	O
fetched	O
$	B-MONEY
12.4	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
a	O
world	O
record	O
for	O
the	O
artist	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
paintings	O
from	O
the	O
Dorrance	B-PERSON
collection	O
remain	O
to	O
be	O
sold	O
at	O
Sotheby	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
annual	B-DATE
old	O
masters	O
paintings	O
auction	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Better	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
San	I-ORG
Diego	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
state	O
Attorney	O
General	O
's	O
office	O
entered	O
into	O
a	O
settlement	O
stemming	O
from	O
an	O
investigation	O
of	O
bureau	O
-	O
sponsored	O
business	O
directories	O
published	O
by	O
an	O
outside	O
firm	O
,	O
Better	B-ORG
Book	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
settlement	O
stems	O
from	O
charges	O
that	O
Better	B-ORG
Book	I-ORG
,	O
now	O
defunct	O
,	O
made	O
misrepresentations	O
in	O
selling	O
advertising	O
for	O
the	O
directories	O
and	O
memberships	O
in	O
the	O
bureau	O
from	B-DATE
1984	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
1986	I-DATE
.	O


Without	O
admitting	O
any	O
guilt	O
,	O
the	O
bureau	O
agreed	O
to	O
several	O
conditions	O
if	O
it	O
again	O
contracts	O
with	O
an	O
outside	O
firm	O
to	O
publish	O
its	O
directories	O
.	O


The	O
conditions	O
include	O
not	O
misrepresenting	O
how	O
many	O
directories	O
will	O
be	O
distributed	O
,	O
and	O
agreeing	O
to	O
make	O
refunds	O
to	O
directory	O
advertisers	O
if	O
any	O
misrepresentations	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
sale	O
.	O


The	O
Attorney	O
General	O
's	O
investigation	O
was	O
sparked	O
by	O
lawsuits	O
and	O
charges	O
by	O
angry	O
California	B-GPE
businesspeople	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
swindled	O
in	O
a	O
bureau	O
-	O
sponsored	O
directory	O
project	O
contracted	O
by	O
Better	B-ORG
Book	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
uproar	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
closing	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Los	I-ORG
Angeles	I-ORG
Better	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
in	O
late	B-DATE
1987	I-DATE
.	O


After	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
booming	O
business	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
foreign	O
traders	O
are	O
bracing	O
for	O
the	O
biggest	O
slump	O
in	O
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
imposition	O
of	O
austerity	O
measures	O
,	O
starting	O
last	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
,	O
already	O
had	O
begun	O
to	O
pinch	O
when	O
the	O
massacre	O
in	O
Tiananmen	B-FAC
Square	I-FAC
on	O
June	B-DATE
4	I-DATE
and	O
subsequent	O
events	O
tugged	O
the	O
belt	O
far	O
tighter	O
.	O


Foreign	O
lending	O
has	O
been	O
virtually	O
suspended	O
since	O
then	O
,	O
choking	O
liquidity	O
and	O
hobbling	O
many	O
projects	O
.	O


And	O
Beijing	B-GPE
has	O
pulled	O
back	O
on	O
domestic	O
loans	O
and	O
subsidies	O
,	O
leaving	O
many	O
domestic	O
buyers	O
and	O
export	O
-	O
oriented	O
plants	O
strapped	O
for	O
cash	O
.	O


Givaudan	B-ORG
Far	I-ORG
East	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Swiss	B-NORP
concern	O
that	O
sells	O
chemicals	O
to	O
shampoo	O
and	O
soap	O
factories	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
typifies	O
the	O
problems	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
retrenchment	O
dried	O
up	O
the	O
working	O
capital	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
factories	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
's	O
sales	O
flattened	O
during	O
1989	B-DATE
's	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
June	B-DATE
killings	O
magnified	O
the	O
problems	O
.	O


In	O
Canton	B-GPE
,	O
Givaudan	B-ORG
's	O
representative	O
office	O
received	O
no	O
orders	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
.	O


At	O
first	O
it	O
attributed	O
the	O
slump	O
to	O
temporary	O
business	O
disruptions	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
no	O
orders	O
were	O
logged	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
and	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
manager	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Lai	I-PERSON
became	O
convinced	O
that	O
business	O
would	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
many	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
Things	O
have	O
grown	O
worse	O
since	O
June	B-DATE
4	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Lai	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


He	O
predicts	O
that	O
sales	O
will	O
drop	O
between	B-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	I-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
consumer	O
-	O
products	O
and	O
light	O
-	O
industrial	O
sectors	O
are	O
bearing	O
the	O
brunt	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
austerity	O
measures	O
,	O
and	O
foreign	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Givaudan	B-ORG
that	O
deal	O
with	O
those	O
industries	O
are	O
being	O
hit	O
the	O
hardest	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
all	O
foreign	O
-	O
trading	O
companies	O
are	O
feeling	O
the	O
pinch	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
import	O
pie	O
will	O
shrink	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
John	B-PERSON
Kamm	I-PERSON
,	O
first	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Chamber	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
a	O
China	B-GPE
trade	O
specialist	O
.	O


``	O
On	O
the	O
down	O
side	O
,	O
sales	O
could	O
fall	O
as	B-PERCENT
much	I-PERCENT
as	I-PERCENT
90	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
some	O
companies	O
;	O
on	O
the	O
upper	O
side	O
,	O
sales	O
will	O
be	O
flat	O
.	O
''	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
trade	O
has	O
gone	O
in	O
cycles	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
last	O
time	O
that	O
traders	O
experienced	O
a	O
trough	O
was	O
during	O
1985	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
86	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
Beijing	B-GPE
imposed	O
tough	O
measures	O
to	O
curb	O
imports	O
and	O
conserve	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
.	O


The	O
current	O
trough	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
much	O
deeper	O
,	O
because	O
Beijing	B-GPE
has	O
cut	O
off	O
domestic	O
funds	O
from	O
factories	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
to	O
slow	O
inflation	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
suspension	O
of	O
loans	O
and	O
export	O
credits	O
from	O
foreign	O
governments	O
and	O
institutions	O
following	O
the	O
June	B-DATE
killings	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
big	O
setback	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
freeze	O
on	O
new	O
lending	O
is	O
dealing	O
the	O
single	O
biggest	O
blow	O
to	O
trading	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Raymond	B-PERSON
Wong	I-PERSON
,	O
China	B-GPE
manager	O
for	O
Mannesmann	B-ORG
AG	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
machinery	O
-	O
trading	O
company	O
.	O


Import	O
growth	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
slowed	O
to	O
16	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
July	B-DATE
and	O
7.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
compared	O
with	O
an	O
average	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
26	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
,	O
imports	O
grew	O
21	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
38.32	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
down	O
slightly	O
from	O
a	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
23	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
picture	O
for	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
exports	O
is	O
just	O
as	O
bleak	O
,	O
mainly	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
domestic	O
credit	O
squeeze	O
.	O


Exports	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
grew	O
only	B-PERCENT
9	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
31.48	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
Chinese	B-NORP
customs	O
figures	O
.	O


The	O
threat	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
balance	O
of	O
payments	O
is	O
further	O
aggravated	O
by	O
the	O
plunge	O
in	O
its	O
foreign	O
-	O
exchange	O
reserves	O
,	O
excluding	O
gold	O
holdings	O
.	O


The	O
reserves	O
dropped	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
14	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
June	B-DATE
from	O
$	B-MONEY
19	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
April	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
trend	O
has	O
prompted	O
Beijing	B-GPE
to	O
intensify	O
efforts	O
to	O
curb	O
imports	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
leaders	O
have	O
recentralized	O
trading	O
in	O
wool	O
and	O
scores	O
of	O
chemical	O
products	O
and	O
commodities	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Relations	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
set	O
up	O
a	O
special	O
bureau	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
licenses	O
.	O


Beijing	B-GPE
's	O
periodic	O
clampdowns	O
on	O
imports	O
have	O
taught	O
many	O
trading	O
companies	O
that	O
the	O
best	O
way	O
to	O
get	O
through	O
the	O
drought	O
is	O
by	O
helping	O
China	B-GPE
export	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
Nissho	B-ORG
Iwai	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
biggest	O
Japanese	B-NORP
trading	O
houses	O
,	O
now	O
buys	O
almost	O
twice	O
as	O
many	O
goods	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
as	O
it	O
sells	O
to	O
that	O
country	O
.	O


Three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
ratio	O
was	O
reversed	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
strategy	O
is	O
n't	O
helping	O
much	O
this	O
time	O
.	O


``	O
Both	O
sectors	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
look	O
just	O
as	O
bad	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Masahiko	B-PERSON
Kitamura	I-PERSON
,	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
Nissho	B-ORG
Iwai	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Canton	B-GPE
office	O
.	O


He	O
expects	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
trading	O
business	O
to	O
drop	O
as	B-PERCENT
much	I-PERCENT
as	I-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


For	O
a	B-NORP
short	I-NORP
time	I-NORP
after	I-NORP
June	I-NORP
4	I-NORP
,	O
it	O
appeared	O
that	O
the	O
trade	O
picture	O
would	O
remain	O
fairly	O
bright	O
.	O


Many	O
foreign	O
trading	O
offices	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
were	O
swamped	O
with	O
telexes	O
and	O
telephone	O
calls	O
from	O
Chinese	B-NORP
trade	O
officials	O
urging	O
them	O
not	O
to	O
sever	O
ties	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
normally	O
took	O
weeks	B-DATE
to	O
process	O
letters	O
of	O
credit	O
,	O
was	O
settling	O
the	O
letters	O
at	O
record	O
speed	O
to	O
dispel	O
rumors	O
about	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
financial	O
health	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
foreign	O
traders	O
tried	O
to	O
do	O
business	O
,	O
they	O
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
eagerness	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
trade	O
officials	O
was	O
just	O
a	O
smokescreen	O
.	O


The	O
suspension	O
of	O
foreign	O
loans	O
has	O
weakened	O
the	O
buying	O
power	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
national	O
trading	O
companies	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
among	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
biggest	O
importers	O
.	O


Business	O
is	O
n't	O
any	O
better	O
on	O
the	O
provincial	O
or	O
municipal	O
level	O
,	O
foreign	O
traders	O
say	O
.	O


Shanghai	B-ORG
Investment	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
known	O
as	O
Sitco	B-ORG
,	O
is	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
main	O
financier	O
for	O
trading	O
business	O
.	O


Sitco	B-ORG
had	O
customarily	O
tapped	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
bond	O
market	O
for	O
funds	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
that	O
any	O
longer	O
.	O


Foreign	O
traders	O
say	O
the	O
company	O
is	O
strapped	O
for	O
cash	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
has	O
difficulties	O
paying	O
its	O
foreign	O
debts	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
a	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
executive	O
who	O
is	O
familiar	O
with	O
Sitco	B-ORG
's	O
business	O
.	O


``	O
How	O
can	O
it	O
make	O
available	O
funds	O
for	O
purchases	O
?	O
''	O


Foreign	O
traders	O
also	O
say	O
many	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
big	O
infrastructural	O
projects	O
have	O
been	O
canceled	O
or	O
postponed	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
squeeze	O
on	O
domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
credit	O
.	O


Albert	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
veteran	O
trader	O
who	O
specializes	O
in	O
machinery	O
sales	O
,	O
estimates	O
that	O
as	B-PERCENT
many	I-PERCENT
as	I-PERCENT
70	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
projects	O
that	O
had	O
obtained	O
approval	O
to	O
proceed	O
have	O
been	O
canceled	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
There	O
are	O
virtually	O
no	O
new	O
projects	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
means	O
no	O
new	O
business	O
for	O
us	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Even	O
when	O
new	O
lending	O
resumes	O
,	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
would	O
still	O
be	O
tight	O
because	O
Beijing	B-GPE
will	O
likely	O
try	O
to	O
rein	O
in	O
foreign	O
borrowing	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
grown	O
between	B-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	I-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
foreign	O
creditors	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
cautious	O
about	O
extending	O
new	O
loans	O
because	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
nearing	O
a	O
peak	O
repayment	O
period	O
as	O
many	O
loans	O
start	O
falling	O
due	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Another	O
reason	O
for	O
the	O
intensity	O
of	O
the	O
trade	O
problems	O
is	O
that	O
Beijing	B-GPE
has	O
extended	O
the	O
current	O
clampdown	O
on	O
imports	O
beyond	O
the	O
usual	O
target	O
of	O
consumer	O
products	O
to	O
include	O
steel	O
,	O
chemical	O
fertilizers	O
and	O
plastics	O
.	O


These	O
have	O
been	O
among	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
leading	O
imports	O
,	O
particularly	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
when	O
there	O
were	O
shortages	O
that	O
led	O
many	O
traders	O
to	O
buy	O
heavily	O
and	O
pay	O
dearly	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
shortages	O
also	O
spawned	O
rampant	O
speculation	O
and	O
spiraling	O
prices	O
.	O


To	O
stem	O
speculation	O
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
imposed	O
ceiling	O
prices	O
that	O
went	O
into	O
effect	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Traders	O
who	O
had	O
bought	O
the	O
goods	O
at	O
prices	O
above	O
the	O
ceiling	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
loss	O
on	O
resales	O
and	O
are	O
holding	O
onto	O
their	O
stock	O
.	O


The	O
resulting	O
stockpiling	O
has	O
depressed	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


But	O
Beijing	B-GPE
ca	O
n't	O
cut	O
back	O
on	O
such	O
essential	O
imports	O
as	O
raw	O
materials	O
for	O
too	O
long	O
without	O
hampering	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
export	O
business	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Kamm	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
China	B-GPE
trade	O
expert	O
,	O
estimates	O
that	O
as	B-PERCENT
much	I-PERCENT
as	I-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
's	O
exports	O
is	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
processed	O
imported	O
raw	O
materials	O
.	O


Oil	O
Spill	O
Case	O
Shows	O
Liability	O
Fund	O
Flaws	O


AN	O
UNRESOLVED	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
dispute	O
stemming	O
from	O
an	O
Alaskan	B-NORP
oil	O
spill	O
has	O
helped	O
spur	O
a	O
drive	O
for	O
tougher	O
federal	O
laws	O
to	O
protect	O
victims	O
of	O
such	O
accidents	O
.	O


The	O
class	O
-	O
action	O
suit	O
highlights	O
shortcomings	O
of	O
the	O
Trans-Alaska	O
Pipeline	O
Liability	O
Fund	O
,	O
which	O
gets	O
its	O
money	O
from	O
oil	O
companies	O
using	O
the	O
pipeline	O
and	O
compensates	O
those	O
harmed	O
by	O
oil	O
spills	O
.	O


On	O
July	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1987	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
tanker	O
S.S.	B-PRODUCT
Glacier	I-PRODUCT
Bay	I-PRODUCT
struck	O
a	O
rock	O
and	O
spilled	O
almost	B-QUANTITY
150,000	I-QUANTITY
gallons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
oil	O
into	O
the	B-LOC
Cook	I-LOC
Inlet	I-LOC
.	O


Commercial	O
fishermen	O
and	O
fish	O
processors	O
filed	O
suit	O
in	O
federal	O
court	O
in	O
a	O
claim	O
that	O
has	O
ballooned	O
to	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
104.8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Defendants	O
include	O
British	B-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
;	O
Trinidad	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
shipper	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
pipeline	O
liability	O
fund	O
.	O


The	O
fund	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
the	B-LAW
Trans-Alaska	I-LAW
Pipeline	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
,	O
which	O
provides	O
that	O
the	O
owner	O
or	O
operator	O
of	O
a	O
vessel	O
involved	O
in	O
an	O
oil	O
spill	O
must	O
pay	O
the	O
first	O
$	B-MONEY
14	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
damages	O
.	O


The	O
fund	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
pay	O
claims	O
up	O
to	O
an	B-MONEY
additional	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
86	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
fund	O
's	O
purpose	O
is	O
to	O
provide	O
quick	O
and	O
adequate	O
relief	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Glacier	B-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
case	O
,	O
the	O
fund	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
test	O
,	O
shows	O
how	O
easily	O
the	O
fund	O
can	O
be	O
undermined	O
.	O


Trinidad	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
is	O
contesting	O
liability	O
.	O


It	O
claims	O
the	B-ORG
Coast	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
failed	O
to	O
chart	O
the	O
rock	O
and	O
refuses	O
to	O
pay	O
damages	O
.	O


That	O
means	O
the	O
fund	O
is	O
n't	O
obligated	O
to	O
pay	O
anything	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
so	O
far	O
.	O


The	B-LAW
Oil	I-LAW
Pollution	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
,	O
scheduled	O
to	O
come	O
up	O
for	O
a	O
vote	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
this	B-DATE
fall	I-DATE
,	O
would	O
provide	O
that	O
if	O
claimants	O
are	O
n't	O
paid	O
within	O
90	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
a	O
spill	O
,	O
the	O
liability	O
fund	O
would	O
compensate	O
them	O
and	O
seek	O
reimbursement	O
from	O
the	O
owner	O
or	O
operator	O
of	O
the	O
vessel	O
,	O
says	O
a	O
spokesman	O
for	O
Rep.	O
George	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
sponsor	O
of	O
the	O
bill	O
.	O


The	O
spokesman	O
says	O
the	O
``	O
glitch	O
''	O
in	O
the	O
statute	O
is	O
``	O
the	O
worst	O
kind	O
of	O
Catch	O
-	O
22	O
.	O
''	O


Many	O
Law	O
School	O
Grads	O
Find	O
Classes	O
Never	O
End	O


RECENT	O
LAW	O
school	O
graduates	O
are	O
starting	O
jobs	O
with	O
law	O
firms	O
this	B-DATE
fall	I-DATE
--	O
and	O
heading	O
back	O
to	O
class	O
.	O


Bar	O
associations	O
and	O
consultants	O
are	O
offering	O
more	O
programs	O
to	O
teach	O
associates	O
all	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
know	O
about	O
law	O
but	O
did	O
n't	O
learn	O
in	O
law	O
school	O
.	O


``	O
Law	O
school	O
teaches	O
wonderful	O
theory	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
teach	O
the	O
nuts	O
and	O
bolts	O
of	O
practical	O
lawyering	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Aaron	B-PERSON
Weitz	I-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
a	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
County	I-ORG
Lawyers	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
committee	O
that	O
sponsors	O
such	O
a	O
course	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
associates	O
learned	O
the	O
basics	O
from	O
senior	O
lawyers	O
who	O
acted	O
as	O
mentors	O
.	O


But	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
large	O
firms	O
hire	O
as	B-CARDINAL
many	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
new	O
associates	O
a	O
year	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
impossible	O
to	O
personally	O
train	O
everyone	O
,	O
says	O
Joel	B-PERSON
Henning	I-PERSON
of	O
Hildebrandt	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
consulting	O
firm	O
that	O
runs	O
training	O
classes	O
.	O


The	O
Hildebrandt	B-ORG
course	O
enables	O
students	O
to	O
brush	O
up	O
on	O
negotiation	O
skills	O
by	O
role	O
playing	O
in	O
simulated	O
deals	O
.	O


Students	O
also	O
are	O
taught	O
to	O
return	O
clients	O
'	O
phone	O
calls	O
immediately	O
and	O
to	O
treat	O
the	O
support	O
staff	O
with	O
respect	O
.	O


Many	O
law	O
firms	O
sponsor	O
their	O
own	O
programs	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
Baltimore	B-GPE
firm	O
of	O
Weinberg	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Green	I-ORG
,	O
new	O
corporate	O
and	O
banking	O
associates	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
enroll	O
in	O
a	O
20	B-CARDINAL
-	O
class	O
course	O
.	O


Partners	O
lecture	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
form	O
corporations	O
,	O
draft	O
agreements	O
and	O
defend	O
clients	O
against	O
unwanted	O
tender	O
offers	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
clients	O
know	O
that	O
new	O
associates	O
have	O
had	O
some	O
practical	O
training	O
before	O
working	O
on	O
their	O
cases	O
,	O
says	O
James	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Hanks	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
partner	O
at	O
the	O
firm	O
.	O


Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
Creates	O
A	O
Courthouse	O
for	O
Kids	O


THE	O
CHILDREN	O
of	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
will	O
soon	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
$	B-MONEY
52	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
courthouse	O
.	O


The	O
building	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
handle	O
child	O
abuse	O
,	O
custody	O
and	O
foster	O
care	O
cases	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
``	O
less	O
formal	O
,	O
less	O
threatening	O
and	O
just	O
basically	O
less	O
grim	O
than	O
most	O
courthouses	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Edmund	B-PERSON
Edelman	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Los	I-ORG
Angeles	I-ORG
County	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Supervisors	I-ORG
.	O


Designs	O
call	O
for	O
an	O
L	O
-	O
shaped	O
structure	O
with	O
a	O
playground	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
recreation	O
and	O
movie	O
rooms	O
.	O


Teens	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
music	O
with	O
headsets	O
.	O


Study	O
halls	O
,	O
complete	O
with	O
reference	O
materials	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
available	O
.	O


And	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
nurse	O
's	O
station	O
and	O
rooms	O
for	O
children	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
social	O
workers	O
.	O


The	O
building	O
's	O
25	B-CARDINAL
courtrooms	O
will	O
be	O
smaller	O
,	O
says	O
Charlene	B-PERSON
Saunders	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
court	O
administrator	O
.	O


The	O
bench	O
will	O
be	O
lower	O
so	O
the	O
judge	O
seems	O
less	O
intimidating	O
,	O
and	O
walls	O
will	O
be	O
painted	O
in	O
bright	O
colors	O
and	O
covered	O
with	O
murals	O
.	O


Cases	O
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
County	I-GPE
involving	O
dependent	O
children	O
are	O
usually	O
heard	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
Criminal	I-FAC
Courts	I-FAC
Building	I-FAC
.	O


``	O
We	O
need	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
kids	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
criminals	O
into	O
a	O
less	O
traumatic	O
environment	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Edelman	B-PERSON
.	O


About	B-CARDINAL
45,000	I-CARDINAL
children	O
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
County	I-GPE
are	O
under	O
court	O
supervision	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Edelman	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
1,500	B-CARDINAL
new	O
children	O
are	O
added	O
each	O
month	O
.	O


The	O
courthouse	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
built	O
in	O
Monterey	B-GPE
Park	I-GPE
,	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
open	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1992	I-DATE
.	O


Law	O
Firm	O
Management	O
Can	O
Be	O
Quite	O
Rewarding	O


IT	O
PAYS	O
to	O
follow	O
a	O
management	O
career	O
path	O
--	O
even	O
at	O
law	O
firms	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
conclusion	O
of	O
a	O
recent	O
study	O
of	O
large	O
law	O
firms	O
conducted	O
by	O
Altman	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Weil	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
an	O
Ardmore	B-GPE
,	O
Pa.	B-GPE
,	O
law	O
firm	O
consultant	O
.	O


Its	O
survey	O
of	O
96	B-CARDINAL
firms	O
,	O
each	O
with	O
100	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
1,000	I-CARDINAL
lawyers	O
,	O
shows	O
that	O
managing	O
partners	O
earned	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
$	O
395,974	B-MONEY
in	O
compensation	O
and	O
cash	O
benefits	O
in	O
the	O
firms	O
'	O
1988	B-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Managing	O
partners	O
who	O
responded	O
to	O
the	O
survey	O
typically	O
spend	O
over	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
their	O
time	O
supervising	O
their	O
firms	O
'	O
day	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
day	B-DATE
operations	O
and	O
just	O
a	O
little	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
third	B-CARDINAL
of	O
their	O
time	O
practicing	O
law	O
.	O


Partners	O
in	O
the	O
survey	O
who	O
devote	O
most	O
of	O
their	O
time	O
to	O
practicing	O
law	O
earned	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
217,000	I-MONEY
.	O


Chairman	O
Jamie	B-PERSON
Whitten	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Miss	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
Appropriations	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
proposed	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
2.85	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
emergency	O
funding	O
package	O
to	O
assist	O
California	B-GPE
's	O
recovery	O
from	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
earthquake	O
and	O
extend	O
further	O
aid	O
to	O
East	B-LOC
Coast	I-LOC
victims	O
of	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
.	O


The	O
sweeping	O
measure	O
incorporates	O
$	B-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
small	O
-	O
business	O
loans	O
,	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
highway	O
-	O
construction	O
funds	O
and	O
$	B-MONEY
1.25	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
divided	O
between	O
general	O
emergency	O
assistance	O
and	O
a	O
reserve	O
to	O
be	O
available	O
to	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
to	O
meet	O
unanticipated	O
costs	O
from	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
disasters	O
.	O


The	O
funds	O
would	O
be	O
attached	O
to	O
a	O
stop	O
-	O
gap	O
spending	O
bill	O
required	O
to	O
keep	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
operating	O
past	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
measure	O
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
be	O
taken	O
up	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Appropriations	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
panel	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
add	O
provisions	O
waiving	O
restrictions	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
federal	O
highway	O
funds	O
and	O
may	O
also	O
shift	O
money	O
within	O
the	O
package	O
to	O
bolster	O
the	O
share	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Small	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
We	O
will	O
support	O
it	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
thank	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
will	O
augment	O
it	O
where	O
appropriate	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Rep.	O
Vic	B-PERSON
Fazio	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Calif	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
.	O


Dubbed	O
the	B-LAW
``	I-LAW
Dire	I-LAW
Emergency	I-LAW
Supplemental	I-LAW
to	I-LAW
Meet	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
Needs	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Natural	I-LAW
Disasters	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
National	I-LAW
Significance	I-LAW
,	O
''	O
the	O
measure	O
is	O
vintage	O
Whitten	B-PERSON
in	O
asserting	O
federal	O
responsibility	O
and	O
in	O
disdaining	O
budget	O
impediments	O
.	O


``	O
Such	O
other	O
amounts	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
available	O
subsequently	O
as	O
required	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
legislation	O
reads	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
new	O
obligations	O
``	O
shall	O
not	O
be	O
a	O
charge	O
against	O
the	B-LAW
Budget	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
,	O
Gramm	B-LAW
-	I-LAW
Rudman	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
Hollings	I-LAW
,	O
or	O
other	O
ceilings	O
.	O


Moody	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Investors	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
lowered	O
the	O
ratings	O
of	O
some	O
$	B-MONEY
145	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
Pinnacle	B-ORG
debt	O
because	O
of	O
``	O
accelerating	O
deficiency	O
in	O
liquidity	O
,	O
''	O
which	O
it	O
said	O
was	O
evidenced	O
by	O
Pinnacle	B-ORG
's	O
elimination	O
of	O
dividend	O
payments	O
.	O


Henry	B-PERSON
Sargent	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
Pinnacle	B-ORG
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
action	O
``	O
wo	O
n't	O
really	O
have	O
any	O
effect	O
on	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
n't	O
selling	O
bonds	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
will	O
affect	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
our	O
existing	O
bonds	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
rating	O
agency	O
said	O
it	O
lowered	O
the	O
ratings	O
on	O
$	B-MONEY
75	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
the	O
holding	O
company	O
's	O
convertible	O
subordinated	O
Eurodebentures	O
to	O
B	O
-	O
3	O
from	O
B	O
-	O
1	O
.	O


Moody	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
also	O
lowered	O
the	O
ratings	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
70	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
Pinnacle	B-ORG
's	O
MeraBank	B-ORG
thrift	O
unit	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
deposits	O
to	O
B	O
-	O
3	O
from	O
B	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
its	O
subordinated	O
debt	O
to	O
Ca	O
from	O
Caa	O
.	O


MeraBank	B-ORG
's	O
rating	O
for	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
deposits	O
remains	O
Not	O
Prime	O
.	O


Securities	O
of	O
MeraBank	B-ORG
were	O
placed	O
under	O
review	O
last	B-DATE
May	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
will	O
remain	O
under	O
review	O
for	O
downgrade	O
,	O
the	O
agency	O
said	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
the	O
somewhat	O
affected	O
idealism	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
1960s	I-DATE
.	O


Then	O
,	O
the	O
all	O
-	O
too	O
-	O
sincere	O
opportunism	O
of	O
the	O
1970s	B-DATE
and	O
1980s	B-DATE
.	O


What	O
now	B-DATE
?	O


To	O
judge	O
from	O
novels	O
that	O
mirror	O
the	O
contemporary	O
scene	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
anxiety	O
.	O


Where	O
'60s	B-DATE
dropouts	O
professed	O
to	O
scorn	O
middle	O
-	O
class	O
life	O
and	O
ambitious	O
yuppies	O
hoped	O
to	O
leave	O
it	O
far	O
behind	O
as	O
they	O
scaled	O
the	O
upper	O
reaches	O
of	O
success	O
,	O
it	O
now	O
seems	O
that	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
feel	O
they	O
're	O
slipping	O
between	O
the	O
cracks	O
,	O
that	O
middle	O
-	O
class	O
life	O
is	O
viewed	O
with	O
nostalgia	O
or	O
outright	O
longing	O
.	O


Lisa	B-PERSON
Zeidner	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
third	B-ORDINAL
novel	O
,	O
``	O
Limited	B-WORK_OF_ART
Partnerships	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
-LRB-	O
North	B-ORG
Point	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
,	O
256	B-CARDINAL
pages	O
,	O
$	O
18.95	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
is	O
a	O
stylish	O
,	O
funny	O
and	O
thoughtful	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
way	O
love	O
relationships	O
are	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
pressures	O
of	O
money	O
,	O
or	O
,	O
more	O
specifically	O
,	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


Nora	B-PERSON
Worth	I-PERSON
and	O
Malcolm	B-PERSON
DeWitt	I-PERSON
,	O
33	B-DATE
and	O
39	B-DATE
respectively	O
,	O
live	O
together	O
in	O
a	O
townhouse	O
in	O
a	O
transitional	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE
neighborhood	O
.	O


Malcolm	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
film	O
-	O
maker	O
turned	O
architect	O
,	O
has	O
just	O
seen	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
big	O
chance	O
at	O
a	O
lucrative	O
commission	O
turn	O
to	O
dust	O
with	O
the	O
arrest	O
of	O
his	O
shady	O
,	O
obnoxious	O
client	O
,	O
a	O
fly	O
-	O
by	O
-	O
night	O
real	O
estate	O
developer	O
.	O


Nora	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
still	O
has	O
artistic	O
aspirations	O
,	O
knows	O
she	O
is	O
lucky	O
to	O
be	O
working	O
as	O
a	O
food	O
stylist	O
,	O
prepping	O
pies	O
,	O
burgers	O
,	O
frosty	O
cold	O
drinks	O
and	O
other	O
comestibles	O
to	O
look	O
as	O
appetizing	O
as	O
possible	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
camera	O
.	O


After	O
all	O
,	O
she	O
reasons	O
,	O
``	O
there	O
were	O
housewives	O
with	O
Nikons	B-ORG
and	O
degrees	O
from	O
cooking	O
schools	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
who	O
would	O
kill	O
for	O
her	O
job	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Nora	B-PERSON
and	O
Malcolm	B-PERSON
feel	O
trapped	O
.	O


They	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
having	O
the	O
``	O
worst	O
of	O
both	O
worlds	O
:	O
artistic	O
work	O
with	O
none	O
of	O
art	O
's	O
integrity	O
and	O
no	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
finished	O
product	O
;	O
self	O
-	O
employment	O
without	O
fun	O
or	O
profit	O
.	O
''	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
downbeat	O
,	O
``	O
thirtysomething	B-DATE
''	O
world	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
bright	O
,	O
still	O
youngish	O
people	O
are	O
engaged	O
in	O
a	O
glossy	O
version	O
of	O
day	O
labor	O
,	O
doing	O
free	O
-	O
lance	O
,	O
semi-professional	O
work	O
that	O
brings	O
little	O
satisfaction	O
or	O
security	O
but	O
that	O
they	O
know	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
grateful	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Uncertainty	O
dogs	O
every	O
aspect	O
of	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


Malcolm	B-PERSON
faces	O
bankruptcy	O
and	O
an	O
IRS	B-ORG
audit	O
,	O
but	O
Nora	B-PERSON
finds	O
an	O
extra	O
$	O
30,000	B-MONEY
in	O
her	O
bank	O
account	O
,	O
suddenly	O
increasing	O
her	O
available	O
funds	O
some	O
fifteenfold	O
.	O


While	O
she	O
is	O
wondering	O
whether	O
to	O
live	O
it	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
do	O
something	O
even	O
more	O
dramatic	O
,	O
say	O
get	O
married	O
,	O
her	O
life	O
is	O
further	O
complicated	O
by	O
the	O
reappearance	O
of	O
an	O
old	O
flame	O
,	O
David	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
film	O
critic	O
and	O
actor	O
who	O
always	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
just	O
on	O
the	O
brink	O
of	O
stardom	O
.	O


In	O
novels	O
of	O
an	O
earlier	O
vintage	O
,	O
David	B-PERSON
would	O
have	O
represented	O
excitement	O
and	O
danger	O
;	O
Malcolm	B-PERSON
,	O
placid	O
,	O
middle	O
-	O
class	O
security	O
.	O


The	O
irony	O
in	O
this	O
novel	O
is	O
that	O
neither	O
man	O
represents	O
a	O
``	O
safe	O
''	O
middle	O
-	O
class	O
haven	O
:	O
Nora	B-PERSON
's	O
decision	O
is	O
between	O
emotional	O
excitement	O
and	O
emotional	O
security	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
firm	O
economic	O
base	O
anywhere	O
.	O


The	O
characters	O
confront	O
a	O
world	O
in	O
which	O
it	O
seems	O
increasingly	O
difficult	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
``	O
middle	O
way	O
''	O
between	O
the	O
extremes	O
of	O
success	O
and	O
failure	O
,	O
wealth	O
and	O
poverty	O
.	O


In	O
making	O
Malcolm	B-PERSON
and	O
Nora	B-PERSON
such	O
wonderfully	O
representative	O
specimens	O
of	O
their	O
class	O
and	O
generation	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Zeidner	B-PERSON
has	O
somewhat	O
neglected	O
the	O
task	O
of	O
making	O
them	O
distinctively	O
individual	O
characters	O
.	O


The	O
humor	O
of	O
the	O
story	O
owes	O
much	O
to	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
no	O
hearts	O
-LRB-	O
even	O
the	O
characters	O
'	O
own	O
-RRB-	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
bleed	O
for	O
the	O
plight	O
of	O
health	O
-	O
food	O
eaters	O
.	O


But	O
readers	O
may	O
well	O
feel	O
the	O
pangs	O
of	O
recognition	O
.	O


In	O
any	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
foundering	O
middle	O
classes	O
are	O
n't	O
the	O
only	O
ones	O
in	O
trouble	O
--	O
or	O
whose	O
troubles	O
provide	O
material	O
for	O
fiction	O
.	O


``	O
Rascal	B-WORK_OF_ART
Money	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
-LRB-	O
Contemporary	B-ORG
Books	I-ORG
,	O
412	B-CARDINAL
pages	O
,	O
$	O
17.95	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
by	O
consultant	O
and	O
business	O
analyst	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
R.	I-PERSON
Garber	I-PERSON
,	O
tells	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
an	O
innovative	O
,	O
well	O
-	O
run	O
,	O
widely	O
respected	O
computer	O
manufacturing	O
company	O
called	O
PegaSys	B-ORG
as	O
it	O
faces	O
a	O
hostile	O
takeover	O
attempt	O
by	O
AIW	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
much	O
smaller	O
corporation	O
that	O
is	O
so	O
incompetently	O
managed	O
as	O
to	O
constitute	O
a	O
standing	O
joke	O
in	O
the	O
business	O
world	O
.	O


Patrician	O
,	O
dynamic	O
Scott	B-PERSON
Thatcher	I-PERSON
,	O
founder	O
and	O
head	O
of	O
PegaSys	B-ORG
,	O
initially	O
finds	O
the	O
takeover	O
threat	O
risible	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
skilled	O
team	O
soon	O
discover	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
up	O
against	O
two	B-CARDINAL
factors	O
they	O
had	O
n't	O
counted	O
on	O
:	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
a	O
business	O
climate	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
failing	O
company	O
with	O
few	O
assets	O
and	O
many	O
debts	O
can	O
borrow	O
against	O
the	O
assets	O
of	O
the	O
successful	O
company	O
it	O
hopes	O
to	O
acquire	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
finance	O
the	O
takeover	O
;	O
second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
that	O
standing	O
behind	O
AIW	B-ORG
is	O
a	O
sinister	O
consortium	O
of	O
much	O
bigger	O
,	O
shadier	O
and	O
shrewder	O
foreign	O
interests	O
secretly	O
providing	O
the	O
money	O
and	O
muscle	O
for	O
the	O
deal	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Garber	B-PERSON
manages	O
to	O
invest	O
this	O
tale	O
of	O
financial	O
wars	O
with	O
the	O
colorful	O
characters	O
and	O
fast	O
-	O
paced	O
action	O
of	O
a	O
suspense	O
novel	O
.	O


And	O
like	O
a	O
spy	O
or	O
mystery	O
story	O
,	O
this	O
novel	O
has	O
strong	O
elements	O
of	O
allegory	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
good	O
and	O
evil	O
forces	O
battle	O
it	O
out	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Garber	B-PERSON
depicts	O
these	O
moral	O
qualities	O
with	O
the	O
broad	O
brush	O
strokes	O
of	O
a	O
satire	O
that	O
occasionally	O
descends	O
to	O
the	O
realm	O
of	O
cliched	O
caricatures	O
.	O


Standard	O
-	O
issue	O
portraits	O
of	O
flaky	O
Californians	B-NORP
,	O
snobbish	O
homosexuals	O
and	O
Neanderthal	B-NORP
union	O
leaders	O
undermine	O
the	O
force	O
of	O
the	O
author	O
's	O
perceptions	O
.	O


Yet	O
the	O
heavy	O
-	O
handedness	O
of	O
the	O
satire	O
also	O
can	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
a	O
book	O
like	O
this	O
:	O
If	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
AIW	B-ORG
were	O
not	O
portrayed	O
as	O
an	O
utterly	O
contemptible	O
,	O
malicious	O
dolt	O
,	O
we	O
would	O
not	O
much	O
care	O
whether	O
his	O
schemes	O
were	O
defeated	O
,	O
and	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
so	O
diverted	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Rubin	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
free	O
-	O
lance	O
writer	O
based	O
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
.	O


High	O
-	O
definition	O
television	O
promises	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
TV	O
of	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
so	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
natural	O
multibillion	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
market	O
.	O


Although	O
major	O
U.S.	B-GPE
manufacturers	O
have	O
all	O
but	O
ceded	O
the	O
main	O
segment	O
of	O
that	O
future	O
business	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
not	O
everyone	O
here	O
is	O
ready	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
.	O


A	O
handful	O
of	O
small	O
U.S.	B-GPE
companies	O
are	O
struggling	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
technology	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
screens	O
for	O
the	O
thin	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
quality	O
televisions	O
that	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
hang	O
on	O
living	O
room	O
walls	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
.	O


With	O
only	O
small	O
help	O
from	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
these	O
start	O
-	O
up	O
concerns	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
compete	O
with	O
the	O
Goliaths	B-PERSON
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
consumer	O
electronics	O
industry	O
,	O
which	O
enjoy	O
considerable	O
backing	O
from	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
government	O
.	O


Photonics	B-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
of	O
Northwood	B-GPE
,	O
Ohio	B-GPE
,	O
aims	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
new	O
form	O
of	O
plasma	O
technology	O
to	O
put	O
movie	O
-	O
quality	O
images	O
on	O
a	O
TV	O
display	O
that	O
is	O
40	B-QUANTITY
inches	I-QUANTITY
in	O
diameter	O
but	O
only	B-QUANTITY
a	I-QUANTITY
few	I-QUANTITY
inches	I-QUANTITY
thick	O
.	O


Planar	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
of	O
Beaverton	B-GPE
,	O
Ore.	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
largest	O
of	O
these	O
firms	O
,	O
with	O
$	B-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
annual	B-DATE
revenue	O
,	O
has	O
similar	O
plans	O
.	O


It	O
already	O
has	O
had	O
success	O
in	O
electroluminescence	O
,	O
another	O
promising	O
technology	O
adaptable	O
for	O
high	O
-	O
definition	O
television	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
firms	O
,	O
Ovonic	B-ORG
Imaging	I-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
of	O
Troy	B-GPE
,	O
Mich.	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Magnascreen	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Pittsburgh	I-ORG
are	O
developing	O
a	O
variation	O
of	O
the	O
flat	O
-	O
panel	O
screens	O
called	O
active	O
-	O
matrix	O
liquid	O
crystal	O
displays	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
technologies	O
are	O
intended	O
to	O
retire	O
the	O
cathode	O
-	O
ray	O
tube	O
,	O
which	O
accounts	O
for	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
bulk	O
of	O
the	O
conventional	O
TV	O
set	O
.	O


Replacing	O
the	O
cathode	O
-	O
ray	O
tube	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
,	O
thin	O
screen	O
is	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
definition	O
television	O
,	O
or	O
HDTV	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
business	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
within	O
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
.	O


Large	O
U.S.	B-GPE
companies	O
are	O
interested	O
in	O
other	O
segments	O
of	O
the	O
HDTV	O
business	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
signal	O
-	O
processing	O
and	O
broadcast	O
equipment	O
.	O


But	O
except	O
for	O
Zenith	B-ORG
Electronics	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
International	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Machines	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
collaborating	O
with	O
Toshiba	B-ORG
on	O
computer	O
displays	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
poorly	O
positioned	O
to	O
exploit	O
advances	O
in	O
large	O
panels	O
.	O


General	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
recently	O
sold	O
off	O
its	O
interests	O
in	O
liquid	O
-	O
crystal	O
displays	O
to	O
Thompson	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
CSF	I-ORG
of	O
France	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
We	O
found	O
the	O
market	O
not	O
developing	O
as	O
we	O
thought	O
it	O
would	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
GE	B-ORG
spokesman	O
says	O
.	O


The	O
small	O
U.S.	B-GPE
firms	O
are	O
persisting	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
strong	O
positions	O
in	O
patents	O
,	O
and	O
because	O
the	O
prize	O
is	O
still	O
there	O
to	O
be	O
seized	O
.	O


``	O
No	O
one	O
yet	O
has	O
shown	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
manufacture	O
these	O
panels	O
''	O
at	O
commercial	O
costs	O
,	O
says	O
Zvi	B-PERSON
Yaniv	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
Ovonic	B-ORG
Imaging	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
says	O
he	O
thinks	O
his	O
company	O
is	O
just	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
from	O
doing	O
that	O
.	O


The	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
,	O
hearing	O
conflicting	O
advice	O
about	O
what	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
HDTV	O
should	O
be	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
doing	O
much	O
for	O
now	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
only	O
material	O
support	O
it	O
is	O
extending	O
to	O
the	O
struggling	O
U.S.	B-GPE
industry	O
is	O
$	B-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
awards	O
from	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
's	O
Defense	B-ORG
Advanced	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Projects	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
DARPA	B-ORG
funds	O
are	O
a	O
pittance	O
compared	O
with	O
what	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
prospective	O
competitors	O
are	O
spending	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
estimates	O
that	O
Japanese	B-NORP
government	O
and	O
industry	O
spending	O
on	O
HDTV	O
research	O
is	O
already	O
over	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


``	O
Unless	O
it	O
gets	O
more	O
help	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
industry	O
wo	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
chance	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Friedman	I-PERSON
,	O
Photonics	B-ORG
's	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
.	O


Thus	O
far	O
,	O
almost	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
basic	O
technology	O
relating	O
to	O
high	O
-	O
definition	O
television	O
has	O
come	O
from	O
U.S.	B-GPE
laboratories	O
.	O


But	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Brody	I-PERSON
,	O
Magnascreen	B-ORG
's	O
president	O
,	O
says	O
Japanese	B-NORP
companies	O
are	O
poised	O
to	O
snatch	O
the	O
technology	O
and	O
put	O
it	O
to	O
commercial	O
use	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
they	O
did	O
with	O
earlier	O
U.S.	B-GPE
innovations	O
in	O
color	O
television	O
and	O
video	O
recording	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Brody	B-PERSON
helped	O
develop	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
display	O
panels	O
based	O
on	O
active	O
-	O
matrix	O
liquid	O
crystals	O
at	O
Westinghouse	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
research	O
labs	O
in	O
Pittsburgh	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
panels	O
are	O
like	O
oversized	O
semiconductors	O
surfaced	O
with	O
a	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
or	I-CARDINAL
more	I-CARDINAL
picture	O
elements	O
,	O
each	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
color	O
and	O
tone	O
of	O
a	O
TV	O
image	O
.	O


In	O
1979	B-DATE
,	O
however	O
,	O
Westinghouse	B-ORG
abandoned	O
the	O
project	O
along	O
with	O
its	O
stake	O
in	O
advanced	O
television	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Brody	B-PERSON
left	O
the	O
company	O
to	O
find	O
other	O
backers	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
a	O
claim	O
to	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
commercialize	O
the	O
Westinghouse	B-ORG
patents	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
contends	O
that	O
those	O
patents	O
are	O
being	O
infringed	O
by	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Japanese	B-NORP
producers	O
.	O


``	O
Most	O
American	B-NORP
investors	O
have	O
just	O
given	O
up	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Brody	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
are	O
n't	O
prepared	O
to	O
compete	O
in	O
an	O
area	O
where	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
want	O
to	O
enter	O
.	O
''	O


Many	O
critics	O
question	O
the	O
industry	O
's	O
need	O
for	O
federal	O
support	O
;	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
justifies	O
its	O
help	O
on	O
national	O
-	O
security	O
grounds	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
a	O
domestic	O
source	O
for	O
some	O
of	O
our	O
-LCB-	O
HDTV	O
-RCB-	O
requirements	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
concern	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Kelly	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
DARPA	B-ORG
's	O
defense	O
manufacturing	O
office	O
.	O


So	O
DARPA	B-ORG
is	O
trying	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
industry	O
interested	O
in	O
developing	O
large	O
display	O
panels	O
by	O
doling	O
out	O
research	O
funds	O
.	O


HDTV	O
already	O
has	O
some	O
military	O
applications	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
creating	O
realistic	O
flight	O
simulations	O
and	O
transmitting	O
information	O
to	O
combat	O
commanders	O
.	O


The	O
Navy	B-ORG
is	O
ordering	O
displays	O
for	O
its	O
Aegis	B-PRODUCT
cruisers	O
and	O
the	O
Army	B-ORG
wants	O
smaller	O
versions	O
for	O
its	O
Abrams	B-PRODUCT
battle	O
tanks	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
also	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
encourage	O
HDTV	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
benefits	O
that	O
could	O
spin	O
off	O
to	O
the	O
semiconductor	O
and	O
computer	O
industries	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
is	O
n't	O
just	O
yuppie	O
television	O
,	O
''	O
argues	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Clifford	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
department	O
's	O
office	O
of	O
microelectronics	O
and	O
instrumentation	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
industry	O
will	O
create	O
industrial	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
displays	O
for	O
work	O
stations	O
and	O
medical	O
diagnostic	O
equipment	O
before	O
it	O
acquires	O
a	O
mass	O
consumer	O
market	O
.	O
''	O


Although	O
some	O
HDTV	O
advocates	O
are	O
calling	O
for	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
aid	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
antitrust	O
relief	O
for	O
research	O
consortia	O
,	O
the	O
small	O
firms	O
simply	O
would	O
prefer	O
more	O
DARPA	B-ORG
funds	O
.	O


Each	O
claims	O
to	O
possess	O
the	O
right	O
technology	O
and	O
wants	O
just	O
a	O
bit	O
more	O
money	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
commercial	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
want	O
U.S.	B-GPE
trade	O
policy	O
to	O
reflect	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
and	O
Commerce	B-ORG
department	O
's	O
concern	O
over	O
their	O
future	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
are	O
strongly	O
opposed	O
to	O
a	O
petition	O
from	O
several	O
Japanese	B-NORP
TV	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
including	O
Matsushita	B-ORG
,	O
Hitachi	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
Toshiba	B-ORG
,	O
to	O
exempt	O
portable	O
color	O
TVs	O
with	O
liquid	O
-	O
crystal	O
displays	O
from	O
anti-dumping	O
duties	O
that	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
imposes	O
on	O
the	O
larger	O
Japanese	B-NORP
color	O
TVs	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
want	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
to	O
help	O
them	O
sell	O
overseas	O
.	O


Planar	B-ORG
President	O
James	B-PERSON
Hurd	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
has	O
to	O
pay	O
tariffs	O
as	B-PERCENT
high	I-PERCENT
as	I-PERCENT
15	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
sell	O
his	O
display	O
panels	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
while	O
panels	O
from	O
those	O
countries	O
enter	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
duty	O
-	O
free	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
technology	O
issue	O
,	O
but	O
an	O
attitude	O
issue	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
just	O
have	O
n't	O
learned	O
what	O
it	O
takes	O
to	O
compete	O
.	O


Burmah	B-ORG
Oil	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
British	B-NORP
independent	O
oil	O
and	O
specialty	O
-	O
chemicals	O
marketing	O
concern	O
,	O
said	O
SHV	B-ORG
Holdings	I-ORG
N.V.	I-ORG
has	O
built	O
up	O
a	O
7.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


The	O
holding	O
of	O
13.6	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
is	O
up	O
from	O
a	O
6.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
that	O
Burmah	B-ORG
announced	O
SHV	B-ORG
held	O
as	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
.	O


SHV	B-ORG
,	O
of	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
merged	O
its	O
North	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
oil	O
and	O
gas	O
operations	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
Calor	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
and	O
which	O
owns	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Calor	B-ORG
,	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
possible	O
suitor	O
for	O
Burmah	B-ORG
.	O


Burmah	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
had	O
n't	O
held	O
any	O
discussions	O
with	O
SHV	B-ORG
and	O
that	O
``	O
no	O
deal	O
of	O
any	O
nature	O
is	O
in	O
contemplation	O
.	O


The	O
top	O
state	O
environmental	O
official	O
in	O
Massachusetts	B-GPE
said	O
Clean	B-ORG
Harbors	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
environmental	O
-	O
impact	O
statement	O
for	O
a	O
proposed	O
incinerator	O
in	O
Braintree	B-GPE
was	O
inadequate	O
.	O


The	O
official	O
,	O
John	B-PERSON
DeVillars	I-PERSON
,	O
asked	O
Clean	B-ORG
Harbors	I-ORG
for	O
more	O
information	O
before	O
ruling	O
on	O
a	O
permit	O
for	O
the	O
site	O
.	O


Critics	O
of	O
the	O
plan	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Braintree	B-GPE
,	O
say	O
the	O
incinerator	O
is	O
a	O
health	O
hazard	O
.	O


Clean	B-ORG
Harbors	I-ORG
,	O
based	O
in	O
Quincy	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
it	O
``	O
will	O
proceed	O
expeditiously	O
''	O
to	O
submit	O
the	O
data	O
requested	O
.	O


Alan	B-PERSON
McKim	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
of	O
Clean	B-ORG
Harbors	I-ORG
said	O
he	O
was	O
``	O
very	O
much	O
encouraged	O
''	O
by	O
the	O
official	O
's	O
praise	O
of	O
Clean	B-ORG
Harbors	I-ORG
for	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
in	O
the	O
report	O
.	O


Citizens	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Southern	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
signed	O
a	O
definitive	O
agreement	O
to	O
acquire	O
Security	B-ORG
Pacific	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
-	O
based	O
factoring	O
unit	O
.	O


Terms	O
of	O
the	O
bank	O
holding	O
companies	O
'	O
agreement	O
were	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
.	O


Factoring	O
involves	O
the	O
purchase	O
and	O
collection	O
of	O
another	O
company	O
's	O
receivables	O
.	O


Citizens	B-ORG
,	O
based	O
in	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
it	O
has	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
4.6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
factored	O
sales	O
annually	B-DATE
;	O
the	O
Security	B-ORG
Pacific	I-ORG
unit	O
has	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
annually	B-DATE
.	O


Security	B-ORG
Pacific	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
factoring	O
business	O
works	O
with	O
companies	O
in	O
the	O
apparel	O
,	O
textile	O
and	O
food	O
industries	O
,	O
among	O
others	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Thrift	I-ORG
Supervision	I-ORG
banned	O
B.J.	B-PERSON
Garman	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
failed	O
Vision	B-ORG
Banc	I-ORG
Savings	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	O
Kingsville	B-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
from	O
working	O
in	O
any	O
financial	O
institution	O
insured	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
.	O


The	O
office	O
,	O
a	O
Treasury	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
unit	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Home	I-ORG
Loan	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
announcement	O
of	O
an	O
enforcement	O
action	O
since	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
thrift	O
-	O
bailout	O
legislation	O
ordered	O
that	O
all	O
such	O
actions	O
by	O
federal	O
banking	O
regulators	O
be	O
made	O
public	O
.	O


Generally	O
,	O
regulators	O
have	O
n't	O
announced	O
enforcement	O
actions	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
the	O
OTS	B-ORG
said	O
that	O
before	O
the	O
law	O
took	O
effect	O
Aug.	B-DATE
9	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
banned	O
another	O
``	O
key	O
Vision	B-ORG
Banc	I-ORG
insider	O
''	O
from	O
insured	O
financial	O
institutions	O
.	O


That	O
individual	O
was	O
n't	O
identified	O
.	O


Vision	B-ORG
Banc	I-ORG
was	O
placed	O
in	O
government	O
conservatorship	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
it	O
operates	O
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Resolution	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
agency	O
created	O
to	O
sell	O
or	O
liquidate	O
insolvent	O
thrifts	O
.	O


The	O
OTS	B-ORG
did	O
n't	O
say	O
specifically	O
why	O
the	O
action	O
was	O
taken	O
against	O
Ms.	O
Garman	B-PERSON
.	O


However	O
,	O
it	O
said	O
examiners	O
found	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
insider	O
dealings	O
at	O
the	O
thrift	O
,	O
including	O
``	O
extraordinary	O
loan	O
commissions	O
''	O
paid	O
to	O
a	O
firm	O
associated	O
with	O
Vision	B-ORG
Banc	I-ORG
officials	O
,	O
and	O
loans	O
diverted	O
through	O
borrowers	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
thrift	O
officials	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Garman	B-PERSON
could	O
n't	O
be	O
reached	O
for	O
comment	O
.	O


The	O
following	O
U.S.	B-GPE
Treasury	B-ORG
,	O
corporate	O
and	O
municipal	O
offerings	O
are	O
tentatively	O
scheduled	O
for	O
sale	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
Dow	B-ORG
Jones	I-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Markets	I-ORG
Report	I-ORG
:	O
$	B-MONEY
15.6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
and	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
bills	O
.	O


$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
notes	O
.	O


Resolution	B-ORG
Funding	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
to	O
sell	O
$	B-MONEY
4.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
bonds	O
.	O


Aim	B-ORG
Prime	I-ORG
Rate	I-ORG
Plus	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
--	O
10	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
common	O
shares	O
,	O
via	O
PaineWebber	B-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Allied	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
II	I-ORG
--	O
6,500,000	B-CARDINAL
common	O
shares	O
,	O
via	O
Shearson	B-ORG
Lehman	I-ORG
Hutton	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


American	B-ORG
Cyanamid	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
--	O
1,250,000	B-CARDINAL
common	O
shares	O
,	O
via	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Markets	I-ORG
.	O


Associated	B-ORG
Natural	I-ORG
Gas	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
--	O
1,400,000	B-CARDINAL
common	O
shares	O
,	O
via	O
Dillon	B-ORG
Read	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


B	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
H	I-ORG
Crude	I-ORG
Carriers	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
--	O
Four	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
common	O
shares	O
,	O
via	O
Salomon	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Baldwin	B-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
--	O
2,600,000	B-CARDINAL
Class	O
A	O
shares	O
,	O
via	O
Smith	B-ORG
Barney	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Harris	I-ORG
Upham	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


Blockbuster	B-ORG
Entertainment	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
--	O
$	B-MONEY
250	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
face	O
amount	O
-RRB-	O
Liquid	O
Yield	O
Option	O
Notes	O
,	O
via	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
.	O


Chemex	B-ORG
Pharmaceuticals	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
--	O
1,200,000	B-CARDINAL
units	O
,	O
via	O
PaineWebber	O
.	O


Immune	B-ORG
Response	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
--	O
Three	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
common	O
shares	O
,	O
via	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
.	O


Marsam	B-ORG
Pharmaceuticals	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
--	O
1,300,000	B-CARDINAL
common	O
shares	O
,	O
via	O
Smith	B-ORG
Barney	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Harris	I-ORG
Upham	I-ORG
.	O


RMI	B-ORG
Titanium	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
--	O
15	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
common	O
shares	O
,	O
via	O
Salomon	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Tidewater	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
--	O
4,631,400	B-CARDINAL
common	O
shares	O
,	O
via	O
Salomon	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Massachusetts	B-GPE
--	O
Approximately	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
230	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
general	O
bonds	O
,	O
consolidated	O
loan	O
of	O
1989	B-DATE
,	O
Series	O
D	O
,	O
via	O
competitive	O
bid	O
.	O


Montgomery	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
Maryland	B-GPE
--	O
$	B-MONEY
75	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
general	O
consolidated	O
public	O
improvement	O
bonds	O
of	O
1989	B-DATE
,	O
Series	O
B	O
,	O
via	O
competitive	O
bid	O
.	O


Trinity	B-ORG
River	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
--	O
$	O
134,750,000	B-MONEY
of	O
regional	O
wastewater	O
system	O
improvement	O
revenue	O
bonds	O
,	O
Series	O
1989	O
,	O
via	O
competitive	O
bid	O
.	O


City	O
and	O
County	O
of	O
Honolulu	B-GPE
,	O
Hawaii	B-GPE
--	O
$	B-MONEY
75	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
obligation	O
bonds	O
,	O
1989	B-DATE
Series	O
B	O
,	O
due	O
1993	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
2009	I-DATE
,	O
via	O
competitive	O
bid	O
.	O


Beverly	B-GPE
Hills	I-GPE
--	O
$	B-MONEY
110	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
civic	O
center	O
project	O
certificates	O
of	O
participation	O
,	O
Series	O
1989	B-DATE
,	O
via	O
a	O
Goldman	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Sachs	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
group	O
.	O


Broward	B-ORG
County	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
District	I-ORG
,	O
Florida	B-GPE
--	O
$	B-MONEY
185	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
school	O
district	O
general	O
bonds	O
,	O
via	O
a	O
First	B-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
group	O
.	O


Connecticut	B-ORG
Housing	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
--	O
$	O
132,620,000	B-MONEY
of	O
housing	O
mortgage	O
revenue	O
-LRB-	O
AMT	O
and	O
non-AMT	O
-RRB-	O
bonds	O
,	O
via	O
a	O
PaineWebber	B-ORG
group	O
.	O


Maryland	B-ORG
Stadium	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
--	O
$	O
137,550,000	B-MONEY
of	O
sports	O
facilities	O
lease	O
revenue	O
Alternative	O
Minimum	O
Tax	O
-LRB-	O
AMT	O
-RRB-	O
bonds	O
,	O
Series	O
1989	B-DATE
D	O
,	O
via	O
a	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
group	O
.	O


Michigan	B-GPE
--	O
$	B-MONEY
80	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
Michigan	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
general	O
bonds	O
,	O
including	O
$	B-MONEY
70	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
environmental	O
protection	O
project	O
bonds	O
and	O
$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
recreation	O
project	O
bonds	O
,	O
via	O
a	O
Shearson	B-ORG
Lehman	I-ORG
Hutton	I-ORG
group	O
.	O


West	B-ORG
Virginia	I-ORG
Parkways	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Tourism	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
--	O
$	B-MONEY
143	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
parkway	O
revenue	O
bonds	O
,	O
Series	O
1989	B-DATE
,	O
via	O
a	O
PaineWebber	B-ORG
group	O
.	O


San	B-GPE
Antonio	I-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
--	O
$	B-MONEY
640	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
gas	O
and	O
electric	O
revenue	O
refunding	O
bonds	O
,	O
via	O
a	O
First	B-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
group	O
.	O


MCI	B-ORG
COMMUNICATIONS	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
filed	O
a	O
shelf	O
registration	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
for	O
issuance	O
of	O
as	B-MONEY
much	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
750	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
debt	O
securities	O
.	O


The	O
debt	O
will	O
include	O
medium	O
-	O
term	O
notes	O
sold	O
through	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Markets	I-ORG
;	O
Drexel	B-ORG
Burnham	I-ORG
Lambert	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
;	O
Goldman	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Sachs	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
Salomon	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
funds	O
will	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
refinancing	O
existing	O
debt	O
of	O
the	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
D.C.	B-GPE
,	O
concern	O
at	O
lower	O
interest	O
rates	O
and	O
for	O
other	O
general	O
purposes	O
.	O


The	O
effective	O
date	O
of	O
the	O
registration	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
.	O


Following	O
is	O
a	O
weekly	O
listing	O
of	O
unadited	O
net	O
asset	O
values	O
of	O
publicly	O
traded	O
investment	O
fund	O
shares	O
,	O
reported	O
by	O
the	O
companies	O
as	O
of	O
Friday	B-DATE
's	O
close	O
.	O


Also	O
shown	O
is	O
the	O
closing	O
listed	O
market	O
price	O
or	O
a	O
dealer	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
dealer	O
asked	O
price	O
of	O
each	O
fund	O
's	O
shares	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
difference	O
.	O


Closed	O
End	O
Bond	O
Funds	O


Flexible	O
Portfolio	O
Funds	O


Specialized	O
Equity	O
and	O
Convertible	O
Funds	O


a	O
-	O
Ex-dividend	O
.	O


b	O
-	O
As	O
of	O
Thursday	B-DATE
's	O
close	O
.	O


c	O
-	O
Translated	O
at	O
Commercial	O
Rand	O
exchange	O
rate	O
.	O


e	O
-	O
In	O
Canadian	B-NORP
dollars	O
.	O


f	O
-	O
As	O
of	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
's	O
close	O
.	O


Comair	B-ORG
Holdings	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
in	O
Cincinnati	B-GPE
that	O
it	O
bought	O
Airline	B-ORG
Aviation	I-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
pilot	O
training	O
school	O
based	O
at	O
Sanford	B-FAC
Regional	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
near	O
Orlando	B-GPE
,	O
Fla	B-GPE
.	O


Comair	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
paid	O
cash	O
but	O
declined	O
to	O
disclose	O
the	O
price	O
.	O


Comair	B-ORG
Holdings	I-ORG
is	O
the	O
parent	O
of	O
Comair	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
regional	O
air	O
carrier	O
.	O


Airline	B-ORG
Aviation	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
has	O
annual	B-DATE
revenue	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
has	O
great	O
growth	O
potential	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
pilots	O
nearing	O
retirement	O
age	O
,	O
Comair	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
unit	O
will	O
be	O
renamed	O
Comair	B-ORG
Aviation	I-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
and	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
headed	O
by	O
Scott	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
son	O
of	O
its	O
founder	O
,	O
Comair	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


Troubled	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Saatchi	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
has	O
attracted	O
offers	O
for	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
advertising	O
units	O
,	O
with	O
potential	O
suitors	O
including	O
Interpublic	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
but	O
has	O
rejected	O
them	O
,	O
people	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
company	O
said	O
.	O


Industry	O
executives	O
said	O
Interpublic	B-ORG
approached	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
in	O
August	B-DATE
about	O
buying	O
its	O
Campbell	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mithun	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Esty	I-ORG
unit	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
turned	O
down	O
by	O
Chairman	O
Maurice	B-PERSON
Saatchi	I-PERSON
.	O


More	O
recently	O
,	O
Interpublic	B-ORG
inquired	O
about	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
's	O
smaller	O
communications	O
companies	O
--	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
Rowland	B-ORG
public	O
relations	O
firm	O
by	O
several	O
industry	O
executives	O
--	O
but	O
again	O
was	O
rebuffed	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
.	O


Interpublic	B-ORG
's	O
chairman	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
,	O
Philip	B-PERSON
Geier	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
made	O
the	O
pitches	O
in	O
visits	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Saatchi	B-PERSON
in	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
executives	O
said	O
.	O


A	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
spokesman	O
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
about	O
Interpublic	B-ORG
.	O


But	O
the	O
spokesman	O
confirmed	O
that	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
has	O
received	O
several	O
inquiries	O
from	O
companies	O
interested	O
in	O
acquiring	O
its	O
Campbell	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mithun	I-ORG
and	O
Rowland	B-ORG
units	O
.	O


He	O
added	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
have	O
no	O
intention	O
of	O
selling	O
either	O
business	O
.	O
''	O


Interpublic	B-ORG
declined	O
comment	O
.	O


The	O
offers	O
come	O
as	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
is	O
struggling	O
through	O
the	O
most	O
troubled	O
period	O
in	O
its	O
19	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
history	O
.	O


Takeover	O
speculation	O
has	O
been	O
rife	O
,	O
its	O
consulting	O
business	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
block	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
largest	O
shareholder	O
,	O
Southeastern	B-ORG
Asset	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
,	O
has	O
said	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
approached	O
by	O
third	B-ORDINAL
parties	O
regarding	O
a	O
possible	O
restructuring	O
.	O


Analysts	O
have	O
continually	O
lowered	O
their	O
earnings	O
estimates	O
for	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
outlook	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
for	O
the	O
short	O
term	O
,	O
is	O
bleak	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
turmoil	O
,	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
is	O
attempting	O
to	O
shore	O
up	O
its	O
ad	O
businesses	O
.	O


It	O
named	O
a	O
new	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
,	O
former	O
IMS	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
head	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Louis	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Dreyfus	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
rebuffed	O
an	O
offer	O
by	O
Carl	B-PERSON
Spielvogel	I-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
's	O
Backer	B-ORG
Spielvogel	I-ORG
Bates	I-ORG
unit	O
,	O
to	O
lead	O
a	O
management	O
buy	O
-	O
out	O
of	O
all	O
or	O
part	O
of	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
.	O


And	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
people	O
close	O
to	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
said	O
Maurice	B-PERSON
Saatchi	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
brother	O
,	O
Charles	B-PERSON
,	O
would	O
lead	O
a	O
buy	O
-	O
out	O
if	O
a	O
hostile	O
bid	O
emerged	O
.	O


But	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
's	O
troubles	O
have	O
only	O
whipped	O
up	O
interest	O
among	O
outsiders	O
interested	O
in	O
picking	O
off	O
pieces	O
of	O
its	O
ad	O
businesses	O
.	O


While	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
's	O
major	O
agency	O
networks	O
--	O
Backer	B-ORG
Spielvogel	I-ORG
and	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Saatchi	I-ORG
Advertising	I-ORG
--	O
would	O
be	O
difficult	O
for	O
any	O
ad	O
firm	O
to	O
buy	O
because	O
of	O
potential	O
client	O
conflicts	O
,	O
its	O
smaller	O
businesses	O
are	O
quite	O
attractive	O
.	O


Campbell	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mithun	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Esty	I-ORG
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
has	O
had	O
big	O
problems	O
at	O
its	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
office	O
,	O
but	O
offers	O
strong	O
offices	O
in	O
other	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
including	O
Minneapolis	B-GPE
and	O
Chicago	B-GPE
.	O


That	O
would	O
would	O
make	O
it	O
appealing	O
to	O
a	O
network	O
such	O
as	O
Interpublic	B-ORG
that	O
already	O
has	O
a	O
healthy	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
presence	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
While	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
some	O
client	O
conflicts	O
,	O
they	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
nearly	O
as	O
onerous	O
as	O
with	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
's	O
other	O
agencies	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Campbell	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mithun	I-ORG
also	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
sizable	O
addition	O
to	O
an	O
agency	O
network	O
:	O
It	O
has	O
billings	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
850	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
and	O
blue	O
-	O
chip	O
clients	O
including	O
General	B-ORG
Mills	I-ORG
,	O
Jeep	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
Eagle	I-ORG
and	O
Dow	B-ORG
Brands	I-ORG
.	O


Rowland	B-ORG
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
has	O
expanded	O
aggressively	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
ranks	O
as	O
the	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
-	O
largest	O
U.S.	B-GPE
public	O
relations	O
firm	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
O'Dwyer's	B-ORG
Directory	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Relations	I-ORG
Firms	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
attractive	O
to	O
an	O
agency	O
such	O
as	O
Interpublic	B-ORG
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
few	O
big	O
agency	O
groups	O
without	O
an	O
affiliated	O
public	O
relations	O
firm	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
.	O


Other	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
units	O
include	O
ad	O
agency	O
McCaffrey	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
McCall	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
has	O
the	O
Mercedes	B-ORG
account	O
and	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
attempting	O
to	O
buy	O
itself	O
back	O
;	O
and	O
Howard	B-ORG
Marlboro	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
sports	O
and	O
event	O
marketing	O
firm	O
.	O


Despite	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
's	O
firm	O
stand	O
against	O
selling	O
its	O
ad	O
units	O
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
analysts	O
believe	O
the	O
company	O
may	O
ultimately	O
sell	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
smaller	O
units	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Louis	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Dreyfus	I-PERSON
,	O
in	O
a	O
recent	O
interview	O
,	O
said	O
he	O
might	O
sell	O
``	O
a	O
marginal	O
agency	O
or	O
office	O
.	O
''	O


Analysts	O
believe	O
he	O
may	O
ultimately	O
dispose	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
non-advertising	O
businesses	O
.	O


Prudential	B-ORG
's	O
Final	O
Four	B-CARDINAL


Prudential	B-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
selected	O
four	B-CARDINAL
agencies	O
to	O
pitch	O
its	O
$	B-MONEY
60	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
70	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
account	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
Backer	B-ORG
Spielvogel	I-ORG
Bates	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Saatchi	B-ORG
unit	O
that	O
has	O
handled	O
the	O
account	O
since	O
1970	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
other	O
agencies	O
include	O
Lowe	B-ORG
Marschalk	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Lowe	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
;	O
Grey	B-ORG
Advertising	I-ORG
;	O
and	O
WPP	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Scali	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
McCabe	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Sloves	I-ORG
agency	O
.	O


All	O
agencies	O
are	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
-	O
based	O
.	O


A	O
spokesman	O
for	O
the	O
insurance	O
and	O
financial	O
services	O
firm	O
,	O
based	O
in	O
Newark	B-GPE
,	O
N.J.	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
it	O
hopes	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
decision	O
within	O
three	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


Jamaica	B-GPE
Fires	O
Back	O


The	B-ORG
Jamaica	I-ORG
Tourist	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
Young	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Rubicam	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
indictment	O
on	O
charges	O
that	O
it	O
bribed	O
Jamaican	B-NORP
officials	O
to	O
win	O
the	O
account	O
in	O
1981	B-DATE
,	O
released	O
a	O
scathing	O
memo	O
blaming	O
the	O
agency	O
for	O
the	O
embarrassing	O
incident	O
.	O


The	O
memo	O
attempts	O
to	O
remove	O
the	O
tourist	O
board	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
possible	O
from	O
the	O
agency	O
,	O
which	O
pleaded	O
innocent	O
to	O
the	O
charges	O
.	O


Among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
the	O
memo	O
contends	O
that	O
Young	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Rubicam	I-ORG
gave	O
false	O
assurances	O
that	O
the	O
investigation	O
would	O
n't	O
uncover	O
any	O
information	O
that	O
would	O
``	O
embarrass	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
Jamaica	B-GPE
or	O
the	B-ORG
Jamaica	I-ORG
Tourist	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
.	O
''	O


It	O
also	O
contends	O
that	O
Young	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Rubicam	I-ORG
never	O
told	O
the	O
tourist	O
board	O
about	O
its	O
relationship	O
with	O
Ad	B-ORG
Ventures	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Jamaican	B-NORP
firm	O
hired	O
by	O
the	O
agency	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
indictment	O
charges	O
Ad	B-ORG
Ventures	I-ORG
was	O
a	O
front	O
used	O
to	O
funnel	O
kickbacks	O
to	O
the	O
then	O
-	O
minister	O
of	O
tourism	O
.	O


The	O
memo	O
also	O
chastises	O
the	O
agency	O
for	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
its	O
announcement	O
Thursday	B-DATE
that	O
it	O
would	O
no	O
longer	O
handle	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
account	O
.	O


The	O
agency	O
declined	O
comment	O
,	O
but	O
said	O
it	O
will	O
continue	O
work	O
until	O
a	O
new	O
agency	O
is	O
chosen	O
.	O


Ad	O
Notes	O
...	O
.	O


NEW	O
ACCOUNT	O


:	O
American	B-ORG
Suzuki	I-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Brea	B-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
,	O
awarded	O
its	O
estimated	O
$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
account	O
to	O
Asher	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
Gould	I-ORG
,	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
.	O


Also	O
participating	O
in	O
the	O
finals	O
was	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
agency	O
Hakuhodo	B-ORG
Advertising	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
.	O


American	B-ORG
Suzuki	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
previous	O
agency	O
,	O
Keye	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
Donna	I-ORG
/	I-ORG
Pearlstein	I-ORG
,	O
did	O
n't	O
participate	O
.	O


AYER	B-ORG
TALKS	O
:	O


N	B-ORG
W	I-ORG
Ayer	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
,	O
Jerry	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Siano	I-PERSON
,	O
said	O
the	O
agency	O
is	O
holding	O
``	O
conversations	O
''	O
about	O
acquiring	O
Zwiren	B-ORG
Collins	I-ORG
Karo	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Trusk	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
midsized	O
Chicago	B-GPE
agency	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
deal	O
is	O
n't	O
yet	O
close	O
to	O
being	O
completed	O
.	O


WHO	O
'S	O
NEWS	O
:	O


John	B-PERSON
Wells	I-PERSON
,	O
47	B-DATE
,	O
former	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
of	O
N	B-ORG
W	I-ORG
Ayer	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Chicago	B-GPE
office	O
,	O
was	O
named	O
management	O
director	O
and	O
director	O
of	O
account	O
services	O
at	O
WPP	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
J.	B-ORG
Walter	I-ORG
Thompson	I-ORG
agency	O
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
...	O
.	O


Shelly	B-PERSON
Lazarus	I-PERSON
,	O
42	B-DATE
,	O
was	O
named	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
of	O
Ogilvy	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Mather	I-ORG
Direct	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
direct	O
mail	O
division	O
of	O
WPP	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Ogilvy	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Mather	I-ORG
agency	O
.	O


Grand	B-ORG
Metropolitan	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
United	B-GPE
Kingdom	I-GPE
food	O
and	O
beverage	O
group	O
that	O
owns	O
Pillsbury	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
announced	O
a	O
reshuffling	O
of	O
board	O
-	O
level	O
executive	O
duties	O
intended	O
to	O
fit	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
recent	O
expansion	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Nash	I-PERSON
,	O
formerly	O
group	O
finance	O
director	O
at	O
Cadbury	B-ORG
Schweppes	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
,	O
will	O
become	O
Grand	B-ORG
Met	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
first	B-ORDINAL
group	O
finance	O
director	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
a	O
statement	O
,	O
Grand	B-ORG
Met	I-ORG
said	O
its	O
recent	O
``	O
growth	O
and	O
wider	O
geographic	O
spread	O
''	O
made	O
it	O
necessary	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
new	O
position	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
also	O
reassigned	O
several	O
executive	O
responsibilities	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Tagg	I-PERSON
,	O
formerly	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
gambling	O
operations	O
,	O
was	O
appointed	O
chief	O
executive	O
for	O
retailing	O
and	O
property	O
.	O


Peter	B-PERSON
Cawdron	I-PERSON
,	O
group	O
strategy	O
development	O
director	O
,	O
and	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Shardlow	I-PERSON
,	O
group	O
personnel	O
director	O
,	O
will	O
become	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
board	O
's	O
management	O
committee	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Baltimore	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
just	O
been	O
named	O
president	O
of	O
Rockefeller	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
already	O
knows	O
what	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
life	O
with	O
``	O
Nobel	B-WORK_OF_ART
laureate	O
''	O
appended	O
to	O
one	O
's	O
name	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
currently	O
experiencing	O
what	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
phrase	O
,	O
``	O
under	O
investigation	O
for	O
scientific	O
fraud	O
,	O
''	O
also	O
attached	O
to	O
his	O
name	O
.	O


The	O
Nobel	B-WORK_OF_ART
committee	O
made	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
addition	O
;	O
John	B-PERSON
Dingell	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
congressional	O
committee	O
created	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
.	O


Both	O
of	O
Dr.	O
Baltimore	B-PERSON
's	O
public	O
faces	O
have	O
been	O
on	O
view	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
while	O
he	O
was	O
under	O
consideration	O
to	O
succeed	O
Joshua	B-PERSON
Lederberg	I-PERSON
as	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
prestigious	O
Rockefeller	B-ORG
research	O
institution	O
.	O


It	O
came	O
to	O
light	O
that	O
a	O
substantial	O
number	O
of	O
Rockefeller	B-ORG
's	O
faculty	O
were	O
upset	O
over	O
or	O
even	O
opposed	O
to	O
Dr.	O
Baltimore	B-PERSON
's	O
impending	O
appointment	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
disturbed	O
at	O
what	O
they	O
regarded	O
as	O
Dr.	O
Baltimore	B-PERSON
's	O
confrontational	O
attitude	O
toward	O
the	O
Dingell	B-PERSON
committee	O
,	O
which	O
held	O
hearings	O
on	O
a	O
dispute	O
over	O
the	O
lab	O
notebooks	O
of	O
a	O
researcher	O
who	O
had	O
co-authored	O
a	O
scientific	O
paper	O
with	O
Dr.	O
Baltimore	B-PERSON
.	O


Readers	O
of	O
these	O
columns	O
-LRB-	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Science	I-WORK_OF_ART
Police	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
May	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
will	O
recall	O
that	O
Dr.	O
Baltimore	B-PERSON
was	O
merely	O
the	O
most	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Dingell	B-PERSON
committee	O
's	O
larger	O
investigation	O
,	O
which	O
touched	O
MIT	B-ORG
,	O
Tufts	B-ORG
,	O
Duke	B-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Institutes	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
and	O
elsewhere	O
.	O


Rep.	O
Dingell	B-PERSON
even	O
managed	O
to	O
enlist	O
the	O
services	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Secret	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
in	O
his	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
Baltimore	B-PERSON
paper	O
.	O


Insofar	O
as	O
Mr.	O
Dingell	B-PERSON
has	O
a	O
special	O
interest	O
in	O
NIH	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
institutions	O
that	O
receive	O
its	O
funding	O
,	O
the	O
Rockefeller	B-ORG
scientists	O
were	O
no	O
doubt	O
discomfited	O
by	O
Dr.	O
Baltimore	B-PERSON
's	O
unflattering	O
public	O
opinion	O
of	O
this	O
congressional	O
patron	O
,	O
whose	O
behavior	O
reminded	O
Dr.	O
Baltimore	B-PERSON
of	O
the	O
McCarthy	B-PERSON
era	O
.	O


This	O
well	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
that	O
the	O
venerable	O
Rockefeller	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
has	O
brushed	O
up	O
publicly	O
against	O
the	O
intimidations	O
now	B-DATE
common	O
in	O
American	B-NORP
science	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Dingell	I-PERSON
demagogues	O
a	B-PERSON
David	I-PERSON
Baltimore	I-PERSON
,	O
animal	O
-	O
rights	O
activists	O
do	O
$	B-MONEY
3.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
damage	O
to	O
labs	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
U.Cal	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Davis	I-ORG
,	O
Meryl	B-PERSON
Streep	I-PERSON
decries	O
the	O
horrors	O
of	O
chemistry	O
on	O
talk	O
shows	O
,	O
Jeremy	B-PERSON
Rifkin	I-PERSON
files	O
lawsuits	O
in	O
federal	O
court	O
to	O
thwart	O
biotech	O
experiments	O
,	O
and	O
Dutch	O
-	O
elm	O
-	O
disease	O
researcher	O
Gary	B-PERSON
Strobel	I-PERSON
's	O
own	O
colleagues	O
at	O
Montana	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
denounce	O
him	O
for	O
``	O
violating	O
''	O
EPA	B-ORG
rules	O
.	O


Scientists	O
are	O
mistaken	O
who	O
still	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
anti-science	O
movement	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
is	O
n't	O
their	O
concern	O
or	O
that	O
a	B-PERSON
David	I-PERSON
Baltimore	I-PERSON
could	O
have	O
somehow	O
placated	O
a	B-PERSON
John	I-PERSON
Dingell	I-PERSON
.	O


-LRB-	O
Mr.	O
Dingell	B-PERSON
,	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
has	O
decreed	O
another	O
NIH	B-ORG
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
Baltimore	B-PERSON
paper	O
,	O
adding	O
to	O
several	O
previous	O
investigations	O
.	O


Something	O
other	O
than	O
what	O
most	O
scientists	O
would	O
recognize	O
as	O
the	O
truth	O
is	O
being	O
sought	O
here	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Fortunately	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
signs	O
that	O
increasing	O
numbers	O
of	O
scientists	O
understand	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
speaking	O
out	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
Hubel	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Nobel	B-WORK_OF_ART
laureate	O
at	O
Harvard	B-ORG
,	O
has	O
taken	O
the	O
lead	O
in	O
defending	O
research	O
with	O
animals	O
,	O
as	O
has	O
Dr.	O
Michael	B-PERSON
DeBakey	I-PERSON
.	O


NASA	B-ORG
defended	O
itself	O
vigorously	O
and	O
successfully	O
against	O
a	O
Rifkin	B-PERSON
suit	O
to	O
block	O
the	O
Galileo	B-PRODUCT
launch	O
.	O


Scientists	O
need	O
to	O
understand	O
that	O
while	O
they	O
tend	O
to	O
believe	O
their	O
work	O
is	O
primarly	O
about	O
establishing	O
new	O
knowledge	O
or	O
doing	O
good	O
,	O
today	B-DATE
it	O
is	O
also	O
about	O
power	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
media	O
-	O
linked	O
world	O
,	O
scientists	O
may	O
earn	O
wide	O
praise	O
and	O
even	O
Nobels	B-WORK_OF_ART
for	O
their	O
work	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
also	O
attract	O
the	O
attention	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
wish	O
to	O
gain	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
content	O
,	O
funding	O
and	O
goals	O
of	O
that	O
work	O
.	O


When	O
a	B-PERSON
David	I-PERSON
Baltimore	I-PERSON
--	O
or	O
the	O
next	O
target	O
--	O
decides	O
it	O
is	O
better	O
to	O
stand	O
up	O
to	O
these	O
forces	O
,	O
his	O
fellow	O
scientists	O
would	O
do	O
well	O
to	O
recognize	O
what	O
is	O
fundamentally	O
at	O
stake	O
,	O
and	O
offer	O
their	O
public	O
support	O
.	O


Wisconsin	B-ORG
Toy	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
definitively	O
agreed	O
to	O
acquire	O
closely	O
held	O
Everything	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
a	I-ORG
Dollar	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
,	O
Va.	B-GPE
,	O
for	O
stock	O
currently	O
valued	O
at	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
4.7	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
Milwaukee	B-GPE
toy	O
retailer	O
said	O
the	O
agreement	O
calls	O
for	O
Everything	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
a	I-ORG
Dollar	I-ORG
holders	O
to	O
receive	O
for	O
their	O
holdings	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
354,600	B-CARDINAL
newly	O
issued	O
Wisconsin	B-ORG
Toy	I-ORG
shares	O
.	O


Wisconsin	B-ORG
Toy	I-ORG
currently	O
has	O
about	B-CARDINAL
4.7	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
outstanding	O
.	O


A	O
company	O
official	O
said	O
Arthur	B-PERSON
Borie	I-PERSON
,	O
until	O
January	B-DATE
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
of	O
Pic	B-ORG
'N	I-ORG
Save	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
will	O
buy	O
a	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
Wisconsin	B-ORG
Toy	I-ORG
subsidiary	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
act	O
as	O
head	O
of	O
Everything	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
a	I-ORG
Dollar	I-ORG
.	O


Wisconsin	B-ORG
Toy	I-ORG
has	O
71	B-CARDINAL
retail	O
stores	O
,	O
primarily	O
in	O
discount	O
settings	O
.	O


Everything	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
a	I-ORG
Dollar	I-ORG
operates	O
60	B-CARDINAL
specialty	O
-	O
retail	O
stores	O
.	O


While	O
welcoming	O
Nicholas	B-PERSON
McInnes	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Sept.	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
letter	O
offering	O
corrections	O
to	O
your	O
``	O
World	B-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Wide	I-WORK_OF_ART
Tax	I-WORK_OF_ART
Revolution	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
table	O
-LRB-	O
editorial	O
page	O
,	O
Aug.	B-DATE
29	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
surprised	O
that	O
he	O
neglected	O
other	O
errors	O
that	O
,	O
for	O
some	O
of	O
us	O
,	O
strike	O
close	O
to	O
home	O
.	O


As	O
a	B-NORP
Channel	I-NORP
Islander	I-NORP
,	O
I	O
was	O
amazed	O
to	O
see	O
my	O
birthplace	O
listed	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
``	O
86	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
with	O
an	O
income	O
tax	O
.	O
''	O


Despite	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
heated	O
local	O
debate	O
on	O
the	O
topic	O
,	O
my	O
passport	O
clearly	O
reads	O
``	O
British	B-NORP
citizen	O
.	O
''	O


Whether	O
Mr.	O
McInnes	B-PERSON
's	O
oversight	O
is	O
merely	O
a	O
sign	O
of	O
a	O
mainlander	O
's	O
benign	O
neglect	O
is	O
a	O
question	O
my	O
fellow	O
Channel	B-NORP
Islanders	I-NORP
-LRB-	O
and	O
friends	O
on	O
the	B-GPE
Isle	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Man	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
ponder	O
.	O


Patrick	B-PERSON
Basham	I-PERSON


Roland	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Hawkins	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
Jet	B-ORG
Vacations	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
was	O
elected	O
to	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
this	O
cruise	O
line	O
.	O


The	O
board	O
expands	O
to	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
members	O
.	O


Ducks	O
.	O


If	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
spots	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
it	O
intends	O
to	O
fire	O
a	O
veto	O
at	O
it	O
.	O


Ducks	O
are	O
this	O
season	O
's	O
word	O
for	O
new	O
taxes	O
,	O
under	O
OMB	B-ORG
Director	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Darman	I-PERSON
's	O
formulation	O
that	O
``	O
if	O
it	O
looks	O
like	O
a	O
duck	O
,	O
walks	O
like	O
a	O
duck	O
and	O
quacks	O
like	O
a	O
duck	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
duck	O
.	O
''	O


George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
is	O
quite	O
clear	O
:	O
No	O
new	O
ducks	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
about	O
all	O
those	O
non-duck	O
ducks	O
flapping	O
over	O
Washington	B-GPE
?	O


We	O
see	O
a	O
whole	O
flock	O
of	O
programs	O
that	O
will	O
impose	O
significant	O
costs	O
on	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
economy	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
burdensome	O
regulation	O
and	O
higher	O
liabilities	O
.	O


Federal	O
child	O
care	O
-LRB-	O
quack	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
Clean	B-LAW
Air	I-LAW
bill	O
-LRB-	O
quack	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
disabled	O
-	O
workers	O
bill	O
-LRB-	O
quack	O
,	O
quack	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
Bush	B-PERSON
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
is	O
breeding	O
non-duck	O
ducks	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
the	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
did	O
:	O
It	O
hops	O
on	O
an	O
issue	O
that	O
is	O
unopposable	O
--	O
cleaner	O
air	O
,	O
better	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
disabled	O
,	O
better	O
child	O
care	O
.	O


It	O
comes	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
toned	O
-	O
down	O
version	O
of	O
a	O
Democratic	B-NORP
proposal	O
.	O


The	O
bill	O
gets	O
signed	O
into	O
law	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
administration	O
watches	O
helplessly	O
,	O
wondering	O
where	O
all	O
the	O
``	O
unexpected	O
''	O
costs	O
came	O
from	O
.	O


Consider	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
very	O
fat	O
fowl	O
known	O
as	O
federalized	O
child	O
care	O
.	O


The	O
President	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
good	O
bill	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
may	O
end	O
up	O
signing	O
the	O
awful	O
bureaucratic	O
creature	O
hatched	O
on	O
Capitol	B-ORG
Hill	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
would	O
create	O
38,000	B-CARDINAL
local	O
day	O
-	O
care	O
commissions	O
,	O
answerable	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
.	O


They	O
'd	O
determine	O
where	O
parents	O
could	O
store	O
their	O
kids	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
they	O
'd	O
regulate	O
the	O
storage	O
facilities	O
.	O


The	O
initial	O
costs	O
are	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
range	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
's	O
only	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


New	O
entitlements	O
tend	O
to	O
grow	O
,	O
creating	O
a	O
rationale	O
for	O
new	O
taxes	O
.	O


Quack	O
.	O


The	O
administration	O
claims	O
that	O
its	O
Clean	B-LAW
Air	I-LAW
bill	O
will	O
cost	O
businesses	O
between	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
14	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
and	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
19	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
annually	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
economist	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Evans	I-PERSON
estimates	O
that	O
the	O
costs	O
for	O
firms	O
will	O
actually	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
60	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
range	O
.	O


The	O
House	B-ORG
bill	O
also	O
distorts	O
economic	O
efficiency	O
in	O
all	O
sorts	O
of	O
perverse	O
ways	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
administration	O
proposal	O
imposes	O
extremely	O
tough	O
emissions	O
standards	O
on	O
new	O
power	O
plants	O
.	O


So	O
instead	O
of	O
building	O
more	O
efficient	O
modern	O
plants	O
,	O
utilities	O
stick	O
scrubbers	O
on	O
the	O
old	O
plants	O
.	O


The	O
money	O
spent	O
on	O
scrubbers	O
is	O
diverted	O
from	O
planned	O
research	O
on	O
new	O
,	O
cleaner	O
technology	O
.	O


The	O
bill	O
also	O
imposes	O
the	O
California	B-GPE
auto	O
-	O
emissions	O
standards	O
on	O
all	O
cars	O
nationwide	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
a	O
car	O
registered	O
in	O
Big	B-GPE
Sky	I-GPE
,	O
Montana	B-GPE
,	O
needed	O
to	O
be	O
as	O
clean	O
as	O
one	O
driven	O
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
.	O


Proponents	O
of	O
the	O
nationwide	O
standards	O
say	O
the	O
cost	O
for	O
car	O
buyers	O
would	O
be	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
per	O
car	O
.	O


Other	O
analysts	O
say	O
that	O
estimate	O
is	O
low	O
.	O


Quack	O
.	O


Nobody	O
knows	O
how	O
many	O
billions	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
the	B-LAW
Americans	I-LAW
With	I-LAW
Disabilities	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
will	O
cost	O
,	O
because	O
nobody	O
knows	O
what	O
the	O
bill	O
entails	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
an	O
intentionally	O
vague	O
document	O
that	O
will	O
create	O
a	O
wave	O
of	O
litigation	O
.	O


Judges	O
will	O
write	O
the	O
real	O
bill	O
as	O
suits	O
roll	O
through	O
the	O
courts	O
.	O


Lawyers	O
will	O
benefit	O
.	O


Private	O
companies	O
,	O
and	O
ultimately	O
their	O
customers	O
,	O
will	O
end	O
up	O
footing	O
the	O
huge	O
bill	O
.	O


The	O
effect	O
of	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
era	O
non-duck	O
ducks	O
was	O
an	O
economy	O
clogged	O
up	O
with	O
regulations	O
and	O
distortions	O
.	O


All	O
this	O
was	O
recognized	O
and	O
documented	O
in	O
the	O
succeeding	O
years	B-DATE
by	O
economists	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
whom	O
worked	O
in	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
administration	O
to	O
lift	O
this	O
burden	O
from	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
people	O
,	O
states	O
and	O
local	O
governments	O
.	O


Running	O
for	O
President	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
and	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
also	O
persuasively	O
diagnosed	O
the	O
economic	O
stagnation	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
during	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
campaign	O
,	O
the	O
entire	O
nation	O
constantly	O
heard	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
tout	O
his	O
accomplishments	O
as	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Task	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
on	I-ORG
Regulatory	I-ORG
Relief	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
Government	O
continues	O
to	O
inhibit	O
the	O
productivity	O
of	O
our	O
citizenry	O
and	O
the	O
international	O
competitiveness	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
business	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
vice	O
president	O
declared	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
task	O
force	O
.	O


But	O
with	O
the	O
impending	O
passage	O
of	O
these	O
new	O
programs	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
will	O
surely	O
be	O
sending	O
many	O
people	O
hurtling	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
regulatory	O
thicket	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
helped	O
cut	O
back	O
.	O


By	O
1986	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
federal	O
regulators	O
was	O
down	O
to	O
about	B-CARDINAL
103,000	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Then	O
it	O
turned	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
one	B-CARDINAL
estimate	O
the	O
number	O
will	O
be	O
up	O
to	O
about	B-CARDINAL
109,000	I-CARDINAL
regulators	O
by	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Holding	O
the	O
dam	O
on	O
taxes	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
task	O
of	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
presidency	O
.	O


We	O
would	O
have	O
thought	O
by	O
now	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
core	O
of	O
people	O
involved	O
in	O
government	O
life	O
who	O
understood	O
that	O
direct	O
taxation	O
is	O
n't	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
slow	O
down	O
an	O
economy	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
merely	O
the	O
most	O
obvious	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
even	O
more	O
ironic	O
is	O
that	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
nations	O
are	O
learning	O
that	O
well	O
-	O
intentioned	O
public	O
programs	O
often	O
backfire	O
.	O


But	O
while	O
they	O
are	O
unloading	O
these	O
burdens	O
,	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
is	O
close	O
to	O
creating	O
three	B-CARDINAL
more	O
big	O
ones	O
.	O


The	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
setting	O
aside	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
buckshot	O
for	O
the	O
non-duck	O
ducks	O
.	O


Confidence	O
in	O
the	O
pound	O
is	O
widely	O
expected	O
to	O
take	O
another	O
sharp	O
dive	O
if	O
trade	O
figures	O
for	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
due	O
for	O
release	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
fail	O
to	O
show	O
a	O
substantial	O
improvement	O
from	O
July	B-DATE
and	O
August	B-DATE
's	O
near	O
-	O
record	O
deficits	O
.	O


Chancellor	O
of	O
the	O
Exchequer	O
Nigel	B-PERSON
Lawson	I-PERSON
's	O
restated	O
commitment	O
to	O
a	O
firm	O
monetary	O
policy	O
has	O
helped	O
to	O
prevent	O
a	O
freefall	O
in	O
sterling	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
analysts	O
reckon	O
underlying	O
support	O
for	O
sterling	O
has	O
been	O
eroded	O
by	O
the	O
chancellor	O
's	O
failure	O
to	O
announce	O
any	O
new	O
policy	O
measures	O
in	O
his	O
Mansion	B-FAC
House	I-FAC
speech	O
last	B-DATE
Thursday	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
has	O
increased	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
being	O
forced	O
to	O
increase	O
base	O
rates	O
to	O
16	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
their	O
current	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
level	O
to	O
defend	O
the	O
pound	O
,	O
economists	O
and	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
market	O
analysts	O
say	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
risks	O
for	O
sterling	O
of	O
a	O
bad	O
trade	O
figure	O
are	O
very	O
heavily	O
on	O
the	O
down	O
side	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Chris	B-PERSON
Dillow	I-PERSON
,	O
senior	O
U.K.	B-GPE
economist	O
at	O
Nomura	B-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
If	O
there	O
is	O
another	O
bad	O
trade	O
number	O
,	O
there	O
could	O
be	O
an	O
awful	O
lot	O
of	O
pressure	O
,	O
''	O
noted	O
Simon	B-PERSON
Briscoe	I-PERSON
,	O
U.K.	B-GPE
economist	O
for	O
Midland	B-ORG
Montagu	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
Midland	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
.	O


Forecasts	O
for	O
the	O
trade	O
figures	O
range	O
widely	O
,	O
but	O
few	O
economists	O
expect	O
the	O
data	O
to	O
show	O
a	O
very	O
marked	O
improvement	O
from	O
the	O
#	B-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
3.2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
deficit	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
account	O
reported	O
for	O
August	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
August	B-DATE
deficit	O
and	O
the	O
#	B-MONEY
2.2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
gap	O
registered	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
are	O
topped	O
only	O
by	O
the	O
#	B-MONEY
2.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
deficit	O
of	O
October	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


Sanjay	B-PERSON
Joshi	I-PERSON
,	O
European	B-NORP
economist	O
at	O
Baring	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
sign	O
that	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
manufacturing	O
industry	O
is	O
transforming	O
itself	O
to	O
boost	O
exports	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
he	O
remains	O
fairly	O
pessimistic	O
about	O
the	O
outlook	O
for	O
imports	O
,	O
given	O
continued	O
high	O
consumer	O
and	O
capital	O
goods	O
inflows	O
.	O


He	O
reckons	O
the	O
current	O
account	O
deficit	O
will	O
narrow	O
to	O
only	O
#	B-MONEY
1.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
September	B-DATE
.	O


However	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Dillow	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
believes	O
that	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
raw	O
material	O
stockbuilding	O
by	O
industry	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
sharp	O
drop	O
in	O
imports	O
.	O


Combined	O
with	O
at	O
least	O
some	O
rebound	O
in	O
exports	O
after	O
August	B-DATE
's	O
unexpected	O
decline	O
,	O
the	O
deficit	O
could	O
narrow	O
to	O
as	B-MONEY
little	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
#	I-MONEY
1.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Mr.	O
Briscoe	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
also	O
forecasts	O
a	O
#	B-MONEY
1.3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
current	O
account	O
gap	O
,	O
warns	O
that	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
trade	O
figures	O
are	O
bullish	O
for	O
sterling	O
,	O
the	O
currency	O
wo	O
n't	O
advance	O
much	O
because	O
investors	O
will	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
further	O
evidence	O
of	O
the	O
turnaround	O
before	O
adjusting	O
positions	O
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
he	O
noted	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
one	O
will	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
the	O
trade	O
figures	O
without	O
a	O
flat	O
position	O
''	O
in	O
the	O
pound	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
overall	O
evidence	O
on	O
the	O
economy	O
remains	O
fairly	O
clouded	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
Mansion	B-FAC
House	I-FAC
speech	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Lawson	B-PERSON
warned	O
that	O
a	O
further	O
slowdown	O
can	O
be	O
expected	O
as	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
rise	O
in	O
interest	O
rates	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
takes	O
effect	O
.	O


U.K.	B-GPE
base	O
rates	O
are	O
at	O
their	O
highest	O
level	O
in	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
consumer	O
expenditure	O
data	O
released	O
Friday	B-DATE
do	O
n't	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
economy	O
is	O
slowing	O
that	O
quickly	O
.	O


The	O
figures	O
show	O
that	O
spending	O
rose	O
0.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
from	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
and	O
was	O
up	O
3.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
compares	O
with	O
a	O
1.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
rise	O
in	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
from	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
and	O
a	O
5.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
increase	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Dillow	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
data	O
show	O
the	O
economy	O
``	O
is	O
still	O
quite	O
strong	O
,	O
''	O
but	O
suggestions	O
that	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
spending	O
went	O
on	O
services	O
rather	O
than	O
consumer	O
goods	O
should	O
reduce	O
fears	O
of	O
more	O
import	O
rises	O
.	O


Certainly	O
,	O
the	O
chancellor	O
has	O
made	O
it	O
clear	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
prepared	O
to	O
increase	O
interest	O
rates	O
again	O
if	O
necessary	O
to	O
both	O
ensure	O
that	O
a	O
substantial	O
slowdown	O
does	O
take	O
place	O
and	O
that	O
sterling	O
does	O
n't	O
decline	O
further	O
.	O


Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
reminded	O
his	O
audience	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
``	O
can	O
not	O
allow	O
the	O
necessary	O
rigor	O
of	O
monetary	O
policy	O
to	O
be	O
undermined	O
by	O
exchange	O
rate	O
weakness	O
.	O
''	O


Analysts	O
agree	O
there	O
is	O
little	O
holding	O
sterling	O
firm	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
other	O
than	O
Mr.	O
Lawson	B-PERSON
's	O
promise	O
that	O
rates	O
will	O
be	O
pushed	O
higher	O
if	O
necessary	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
they	O
warn	O
,	O
any	O
further	O
drop	O
in	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
popularity	O
could	O
swiftly	O
make	O
this	O
promise	O
sound	O
hollow	O
.	O


Sterling	O
was	O
already	O
showing	O
some	O
signs	O
of	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
confidence	O
in	O
Mr.	O
Lawson	B-PERSON
's	O
promise	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
European	B-NORP
trading	O
it	O
declined	O
to	O
$	O
1.5890	B-MONEY
and	O
2.9495	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
from	O
$	O
1.5940	B-MONEY
and	O
2.9429	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
late	O
Thursday	B-DATE
.	O


Economists	O
suggested	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
pound	O
falls	O
much	O
below	O
2.90	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
,	O
the	O
government	O
will	O
be	O
forced	O
to	O
increase	O
rates	O
to	O
16	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
both	O
to	O
halt	O
any	O
further	O
decline	O
and	O
ensure	O
that	O
the	O
balance	O
of	O
monetary	O
policy	O
remains	O
unchanged	O
.	O


Friday	B-DATE
's	O
Market	O
Activity	O


The	O
dollar	O
posted	O
gains	O
in	O
quiet	O
trading	O
as	O
concerns	O
about	O
equities	O
abated	O
.	O


Foreign	O
exchange	O
dealers	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
currency	O
market	O
has	O
begun	O
to	O
distance	O
itself	O
from	O
the	O
volatile	O
stock	O
exchange	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
preoccupied	O
the	O
market	O
since	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
plunged	O
more	O
than	O
190	B-CARDINAL
points	O
.	O


Currency	O
analysts	O
predict	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
the	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
market	O
will	O
shift	O
its	O
focus	O
back	O
to	O
economic	O
fundamentals	O
,	O
keeping	O
a	O
close	O
eye	O
out	O
for	O
any	O
signs	O
of	O
monetary	O
easing	O
by	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
.	O


Late	O
in	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
trading	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
dollar	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
1.8578	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
,	O
up	O
from	O
1.8470	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
late	O
Thursday	B-DATE
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
currency	O
was	O
also	O
changing	O
hands	O
at	O
142.43	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
,	O
up	O
from	O
141.70	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
late	B-DATE
Thursday	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
currency	O
opened	O
for	O
trading	O
at	O
141.95	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
,	O
up	O
from	O
Friday	B-DATE
's	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
close	O
of	O
141.35	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
.	O


On	O
the	B-ORG
Commodity	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
gold	O
for	O
current	O
delivery	O
settled	O
at	O
$	O
367.30	B-MONEY
an	O
ounce	O
,	O
up	O
20	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
.	O


Estimated	O
volume	O
was	O
a	B-QUANTITY
light	I-QUANTITY
2.4	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
ounces	I-QUANTITY
.	O


In	O
early	O
trading	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
gold	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
$	O
366.50	B-MONEY
an	O
ounce	O
.	O


Freight	O
rates	O
,	O
declining	O
for	O
most	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
because	O
of	O
competition	O
spurred	O
by	O
deregulation	O
,	O
are	O
bottoming	O
out	O
,	O
turning	O
upward	O
and	O
threatening	O
to	O
fuel	O
inflation	O
.	O


Trucking	O
,	O
shipping	O
and	O
air	O
-	O
freight	O
companies	O
have	O
announced	O
rate	O
increases	O
,	O
scheduled	O
for	O
this	B-DATE
fall	I-DATE
or	O
early	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
reflecting	O
higher	O
costs	O
and	O
tightened	O
demand	O
for	O
freight	O
transport	O
.	O


Major	O
shippers	O
say	O
they	O
expect	O
freight	O
rates	O
to	O
rise	O
at	O
least	O
as	O
fast	O
as	O
inflation	O
and	O
maybe	O
faster	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
change	O
from	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
when	O
freight	O
haulage	O
was	O
a	O
bright	O
spot	O
for	O
U.S.	B-GPE
productivity	O
,	O
helping	O
to	O
restrain	O
inflation	O
and	O
make	O
U.S.	B-GPE
industry	O
more	O
competitive	O
abroad	O
.	O


``	O
Demand	O
has	O
caught	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
supply	O
of	O
certain	O
types	O
of	O
freight	O
transportation	O
,	O
and	O
rates	O
are	O
starting	O
to	O
move	O
up	O
''	O
at	O
a	O
rate	O
``	O
close	O
to	O
or	O
slightly	O
more	O
than	O
the	O
inflation	O
rate	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Clifford	B-PERSON
Sayre	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
logistics	O
at	O
Du	B-ORG
Pont	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


Shippers	O
surveyed	O
recently	O
by	O
Ohio	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
said	O
they	O
expect	O
their	O
freight	O
-	O
transport	O
,	O
storage	O
and	O
distribution	O
costs	O
to	O
rise	O
about	B-PERCENT
4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Only	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
250	B-CARDINAL
shippers	O
polled	O
expected	O
their	O
freight	O
-	O
transport	O
costs	O
to	O
decrease	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
who	O
had	O
looked	O
to	O
freight	O
transport	O
to	O
reduce	O
costs	O
in	O
past	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
since	O
transportation	O
deregulation	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
that	O
we	O
have	O
had	O
such	O
a	O
dramatic	O
and	O
broad	O
-	O
based	O
upturn	O
in	O
perceived	O
transportation	O
rates	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Bernard	B-PERSON
LaLonde	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
transportation	O
logistics	O
professor	O
at	O
Ohio	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
in	O
Columbus	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
deregulation	O
of	O
railroads	O
and	O
trucking	O
companies	O
that	O
began	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
enabled	O
shippers	O
to	O
bargain	O
for	O
transportation	O
.	O


Carriers	O
could	O
use	O
their	O
equipment	O
more	O
efficiently	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
overcapacity	O
they	O
were	O
eager	O
to	O
fill	O
.	O


Shippers	O
cut	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
35	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
from	O
their	O
annual	B-DATE
,	O
inter-city	O
truck	O
and	O
rail	O
costs	O
,	O
to	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
or	O
about	B-PERCENT
6.4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
gross	O
national	O
product	O
,	O
down	O
from	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
GNP	O
in	O
1981	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
with	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
inefficiency	O
squeezed	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
freight	O
-	O
transport	O
system	O
,	O
rising	O
costs	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
reflected	O
directly	O
in	O
higher	O
freight	O
rates	O
.	O


``	O
Shippers	O
are	O
saying	O
`	O
the	O
party	O
's	O
over	O
,	O
'	O
''	O
said	O
Mr.	O
LaLonde	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
Shippers	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
transportation	O
-	O
cost	O
savings	O
as	O
they	O
have	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
nine	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Transport	O
rates	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
an	O
opportunity	O
for	O
offsetting	O
cost	O
increases	O
in	O
other	O
segments	O
of	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O
''	O


Robert	B-PERSON
Delaney	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
consultant	O
at	O
Arthur	B-ORG
D.	I-ORG
Little	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Cambridge	B-GPE
,	O
Mass.	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
``	O
We	O
've	O
gotten	O
all	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
deregulation	O
in	O
freight	O
-	O
cost	O
reductions	O
.	O


Now	O
we	O
are	O
starting	O
to	O
see	O
real	O
freight	O
-	O
rate	O
increases	O
as	O
carriers	O
replace	O
equipment	O
,	O
pay	O
higher	O
fuel	O
costs	O
and	O
pay	O
more	O
for	O
labor	O
.	O


You	O
'll	O
see	O
carriers	O
try	O
to	O
recoup	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
price	O
cutting	O
that	O
occurred	O
previously	O
.	O
''	O


Not	O
everyone	O
believes	O
that	O
the	O
good	O
times	O
are	O
over	O
for	O
shippers	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
's	O
still	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
pressure	O
on	O
rates	O
in	O
both	O
rail	O
and	O
truck	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Gerard	B-PERSON
McCullough	I-PERSON
,	O
lecturer	O
in	O
transportation	O
at	O
Massachusetts	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
.	O


Less	O
-	O
than	O
-	O
truckload	O
companies	O
,	O
which	O
carry	O
the	O
freight	O
of	O
several	O
shippers	O
in	O
each	O
truck	O
trailer	O
,	O
discounted	O
away	O
a	O
4.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
rate	O
increase	O
implemented	O
last	B-DATE
April	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
carriers	O
were	O
competing	O
fiercely	O
for	O
market	O
share	O
.	O


Railroad	O
-	O
rate	O
increases	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
restrained	O
by	O
weakening	O
rail	O
-	O
traffic	O
levels	O
and	O
keen	O
competition	O
for	O
freight	O
from	O
trucks	O
.	O


An	O
official	O
at	O
Consolidated	B-ORG
Freightways	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Menlo	B-GPE
Park	I-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
,	O
less	O
-	O
than	O
-	O
truckload	O
carrier	O
,	O
said	O
rate	O
discounting	O
in	O
that	O
industry	O
has	O
begun	O
to	O
``	O
stabilize	O
.	O
''	O


Consolidated	B-ORG
Freightways	I-ORG
plans	O
to	O
raise	O
its	O
rates	O
5.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
late	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
or	O
early	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
competitors	O
have	O
announced	O
similar	O
increases	O
.	O


Truckers	O
are	O
``	O
trying	O
to	O
send	O
signals	O
that	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
bloodletting	O
,	O
forget	O
about	O
market	O
share	O
and	O
go	O
for	O
higher	O
rates	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Lloyd	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
analyst	O
at	O
Salomon	B-ORG
Bros	I-ORG
.	O


And	O
``	O
shippers	O
are	O
getting	O
the	O
feeling	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
played	O
one	B-CARDINAL
trucker	O
off	O
against	O
another	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
they	O
can	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Air	O
-	O
freight	O
carriers	O
raised	O
their	O
rates	O
for	O
U.S.	B-GPE
products	O
going	O
across	O
the	O
Pacific	B-LOC
to	O
Asia	B-LOC
by	O
about	B-PERCENT
20	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
Japan	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Lines	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
plans	O
to	O
boost	O
its	O
rates	O
a	O
further	O
25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Such	O
rate	O
increases	O
``	O
will	O
increase	O
the	O
total	O
cost	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
products	O
and	O
slow	O
down	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
increase	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
exports	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Connors	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
Yusen	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Sea	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
U.S.A.	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
air	O
-	O
freight	O
-	O
forwarding	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Nippon	B-ORG
Yusen	I-ORG
Kaisha	I-ORG
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Ship	O
companies	O
carrying	O
bulk	O
commodities	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
oil	O
,	O
grain	O
,	O
coal	O
and	O
iron	O
ore	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
increase	O
their	O
rates	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Some	O
bulk	O
shipping	O
rates	O
have	O
increased	O
``	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
said	O
Salomon	B-ORG
's	O
Mr.	O
Lloyd	B-PERSON
.	O


And	O
ship	O
lines	O
carrying	O
containers	O
are	O
also	O
trying	O
to	O
raise	O
their	O
rates	O
.	O


Carriers	O
boosted	O
rates	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-LOC
North	I-LOC
Atlantic	I-LOC
between	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Europe	B-LOC
last	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
hoping	O
to	O
partly	O
restore	O
rates	O
to	O
earlier	O
levels	O
.	O


Ship	O
lines	O
operating	O
in	O
the	O
Pacific	B-LOC
plan	O
to	O
raise	O
rates	O
on	O
containers	O
carrying	O
U.S.	B-GPE
exports	O
to	O
Asia	B-LOC
about	B-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
effective	O
next	B-DATE
April	I-DATE
.	O


MGM	B-ORG
Grand	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
filed	O
a	O
registration	O
statement	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
for	O
a	O
public	O
offering	O
of	O
six	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
common	O
shares	O
.	O


The	O
Beverly	B-GPE
Hills	I-GPE
,	O
Calif.	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
company	O
said	O
it	O
would	O
have	O
26.9	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
common	O
shares	O
outstanding	O
after	O
the	O
offering	O
.	O


The	O
hotel	O
and	O
Gaming	O
company	O
said	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Markets	I-ORG
will	O
lead	O
the	O
underwriters	O
.	O


Proceeds	O
from	O
the	O
sale	O
will	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
remodeling	O
and	O
refurbishing	O
projects	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
the	O
planned	O
MGM	B-ORG
Grand	I-ORG
hotel	O
/	O
casino	O
and	O
theme	O
park	O
.	O


Bob	B-PERSON
Stone	I-PERSON
stewed	O
over	O
a	O
letter	O
from	O
his	O
manager	O
putting	O
him	O
on	O
probation	O
for	O
insubordination	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Stone	B-PERSON
thought	O
the	O
discipline	O
was	O
unfair	O
;	O
he	O
believed	O
that	O
his	O
manager	O
wanted	O
to	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
him	O
for	O
personal	O
reasons	O
.	O


Unable	O
to	O
persuade	O
the	O
manager	O
to	O
change	O
his	O
decision	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
a	O
``	O
company	O
court	O
''	O
for	O
a	O
hearing	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
scheduled	O
time	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Stone	B-PERSON
entered	O
a	O
conference	O
room	O
in	O
a	O
building	O
near	O
where	O
he	O
worked	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
members	O
of	O
the	O
court	O
introduced	O
themselves	O
,	O
the	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
panel	O
said	O
:	O
``	O
Go	O
ahead	O
and	O
tell	O
us	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


We	O
may	O
ask	O
questions	O
as	O
you	O
go	O
along	O
,	O
or	O
we	O
may	O
wait	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
.	O
''	O


No	O
lawyers	O
or	O
tape	O
recorders	O
were	O
present	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
extra	O
people	O
were	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
personnel	O
specialists	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
whom	O
knew	O
Mr.	O
Stone	B-PERSON
's	O
case	O
intimately	O
and	O
would	O
help	O
fill	O
in	O
any	O
facts	O
needed	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
court	O
the	O
full	O
picture	O
.	O


Over	O
a	O
cup	O
of	O
coffee	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Stone	B-PERSON
told	O
his	O
story	O
.	O


He	O
talked	O
about	B-TIME
20	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
.	O


When	O
he	O
was	O
through	O
,	O
the	O
court	O
members	O
asked	O
many	O
questions	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
chairman	O
said	O
they	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
hear	O
his	O
manager	O
's	O
side	O
and	O
talk	O
to	O
witnesses	O
.	O


The	O
chairman	O
promised	O
Mr.	O
Stone	B-PERSON
a	O
decision	O
within	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


Bob	B-PERSON
Stone	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
fictional	O
name	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
incident	O
described	O
is	O
real	O
.	O


It	O
happened	O
at	O
Northrop	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
court	O
is	O
called	O
the	B-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Appeals	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
or	O
just	O
``	O
MAC	B-ORG
,	O
''	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
hear	O
a	B-CARDINAL
couple	I-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
cases	O
a	O
year	O
.	O


Alter	O
some	O
details	O
of	O
this	O
example	O
and	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
taking	O
place	O
today	B-DATE
at	O
Federal	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
in	O
Memphis	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Defense	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Underseas	I-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
divisions	O
of	O
Honeywell	B-ORG
in	O
Minneapolis	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
General	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
plant	O
in	O
Columbia	B-GPE
,	O
Md.	B-GPE
,	O
or	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
companies	O
.	O


These	O
firms	O
are	O
pioneers	O
in	O
a	O
significant	O
new	O
trend	O
in	O
the	O
corporate	O
world	O
:	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
what	O
I	O
call	O
corporate	O
due	O
process	O
.	O


Although	O
corporate	O
due	O
process	O
is	O
practiced	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
few	O
companies	O
--	O
perhaps	O
40	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
60	I-CARDINAL
--	O
it	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
fastest	O
developing	O
trends	O
in	O
industry	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
a	O
majority	O
of	O
people	O
-	O
oriented	O
companies	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
adopt	O
it	O
.	O


Corporate	O
due	O
process	O
appeals	O
to	O
management	O
for	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
reasons	O
.	O


It	O
reduces	O
lawsuits	O
from	O
disgruntled	O
employees	O
and	O
ex-employees	O
,	O
with	O
all	O
that	O
means	O
for	O
reduced	O
legal	O
costs	O
and	O
better	O
public	O
relations	O
.	O


It	O
helps	O
to	O
keep	O
out	O
unions	O
.	O


It	O
increases	O
employee	O
commitment	O
to	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
with	O
all	O
that	O
means	O
for	O
efficiency	O
and	O
quality	O
control	O
.	O


What	O
must	O
your	O
management	O
team	O
do	O
to	O
establish	O
corporate	O
due	O
process	O
?	O


Here	O
are	O
four	B-CARDINAL
key	O
steps	O
:	O


1	B-CARDINAL
.	O
Make	O
sure	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
strong	O
personnel	O
department	O
.	O


It	O
must	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
handle	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
complaints	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
solved	O
in	O
the	O
trenches	O
by	O
managers	O
and	O
their	O
subordinates	O
,	O
else	O
the	O
company	O
court	O
or	O
adjudicators	O
will	O
be	O
inundated	O
with	O
cases	O
.	O


At	O
Polaroid	B-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Personnel	I-ORG
Policy	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
may	O
hear	O
only	B-CARDINAL
about	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
cases	O
a	O
year	O
;	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	B-CARDINAL
many	I-CARDINAL
hundreds	I-CARDINAL
of	O
complaints	O
are	O
resolved	O
at	O
earlier	O
stages	O
.	O


At	O
TWA	B-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
System	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Adjustment	I-ORG
hears	O
50	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
75	I-CARDINAL
cases	O
a	O
year	O
,	O
only	O
a	O
fraction	O
of	O
the	O
complaints	O
brought	O
to	O
personnel	O
specialists	O
.	O


At	O
Citicorp	B-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Problem	I-ORG
Review	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
may	O
hear	O
only	O
12	B-CARDINAL
or	I-CARDINAL
so	I-CARDINAL
cases	O
because	O
of	O
personnel	O
's	O
skill	O
in	O
complaint	O
-	O
resolution	O
.	O


In	O
a	B-DATE
typical	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
up	B-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
20	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
work	O
force	O
goes	O
to	O
personnel	O
specialists	O
with	O
complaints	O
of	O
unfair	O
treatment	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
large	O
company	O
that	O
means	O
many	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
complaints	O
for	O
personnel	O
to	O
handle	O
.	O


2	B-CARDINAL
.	O
Formally	O
or	O
informally	O
,	O
train	O
all	O
your	O
managers	O
and	O
supervisors	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
due	O
-	O
process	O
approach	O
.	O


See	O
that	O
they	O
know	O
company	O
personnel	O
policy	O
backwards	O
and	O
forwards	O
,	O
for	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
``	O
law	O
''	O
governing	O
company	O
courts	O
and	O
adjudicators	O
.	O


Coach	O
them	O
in	O
handling	O
complaints	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
resolve	O
problems	O
immediately	O
.	O


In	O
case	O
managers	O
and	O
personnel	O
specialists	O
are	O
unsuccessful	O
and	O
subordinates	O
take	O
their	O
complaints	O
to	O
a	O
company	O
court	O
or	O
adjudicator	O
,	O
teach	O
managers	O
to	O
accept	O
reversals	O
as	O
a	O
fact	O
of	O
business	O
life	O
,	O
for	O
in	O
a	O
good	O
due	O
-	O
process	O
system	O
they	O
are	O
bound	O
to	O
happen	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
15	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
I	O
studied	O
,	O
reversal	O
rates	O
range	O
on	O
the	O
average	O
from	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


3	B-CARDINAL
.	O
Decide	O
whether	O
you	O
want	O
a	O
panel	O
system	O
or	O
a	O
single	O
adjudicator	O
.	O


A	O
panel	O
system	O
like	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Stone	I-PERSON
example	O
enjoys	O
such	O
advantages	O
as	O
high	O
credibility	O
and	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
panelists	O
,	O
mutual	O
support	O
.	O


An	O
adjudicator	O
system	O
--	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
an	O
investigator	O
who	O
acts	O
first	B-ORDINAL
as	O
a	O
fact	O
-	O
finder	O
and	O
then	O
switches	O
hats	O
and	O
arbitrates	O
the	O
facts	O
--	O
has	O
such	O
advantages	O
as	O
speed	O
,	O
flexibility	O
and	O
maximum	O
privacy	O
.	O


International	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Machines	I-ORG
and	O
Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
are	O
among	O
the	O
companies	O
using	O
the	O
single	O
-	O
adjudicator	O
approach	O
.	O


4	B-CARDINAL
.	O
Make	O
your	O
due	O
-	O
process	O
system	O
visible	O
.	O


It	O
wo	O
n't	O
do	O
any	O
good	O
for	O
anybody	O
unless	O
employees	O
know	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


Most	O
managements	O
hesitate	O
to	O
go	O
all	O
out	O
in	O
advertising	O
their	O
due	O
-	O
process	O
systems	O
for	O
fear	O
of	O
encouraging	O
cranks	O
and	O
chronic	O
soreheads	O
to	O
file	O
complaints	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
they	O
make	O
sure	O
at	O
a	O
minimum	O
that	O
their	O
systems	O
are	O
described	O
in	O
their	O
employee	O
handbooks	O
and	O
talked	O
up	O
by	O
personnel	O
specialists	O
.	O


Smith	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Kline	I-ORG
Beecham	I-ORG
goes	O
further	O
and	O
sometimes	O
features	O
its	O
grievance	O
procedure	O
in	O
closed	O
-	O
circuit	O
TV	O
programs	O
.	O


Naturally	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
ways	O
to	O
guarantee	O
visibility	O
for	O
your	O
due	O
-	O
process	O
system	O
is	O
for	O
top	O
management	O
to	O
support	O
it	O
.	O


At	O
IBM	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
Open	O
Door	O
system	O
is	O
sometimes	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
memorandums	O
from	O
the	O
chief	O
executive	O
.	O


Federal	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
goes	O
further	O
in	O
this	O
respect	O
than	O
any	O
company	O
I	O
know	O
of	O
with	O
both	O
Frederick	B-PERSON
Smith	I-PERSON
and	O
James	B-PERSON
Barksdale	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
executive	O
and	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
sitting	O
in	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Appeals	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
almost	B-DATE
every	I-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
to	O
decide	O
cases	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Ewing	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
consultant	O
based	O
in	O
Winchester	B-GPE
,	O
Mass.	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
author	O
of	O
``	O
Justice	B-WORK_OF_ART
on	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Job	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
Resolving	I-WORK_OF_ART
Grievances	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Nonunion	I-WORK_OF_ART
Workplace	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
-LRB-	O
Harvard	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
,	O
1989	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


Tokyo	B-GPE
stocks	O
closed	O
higher	O
in	O
active	O
trading	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
marking	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
consecutive	O
daily	B-DATE
gain	O
since	O
Monday	B-DATE
's	O
sharp	O
fall	O
.	O


London	B-GPE
shares	O
closed	O
moderately	O
lower	O
in	O
thin	O
trading	O
.	O


At	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Nikkei	O
index	O
of	O
225	B-CARDINAL
selected	O
issues	O
was	O
up	O
112.16	B-CARDINAL
points	O
to	O
35486.38	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
index	O
advanced	O
266.66	B-CARDINAL
points	O
Thursday	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
early	O
trading	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Nikkei	O
index	O
rose	O
101.98	B-CARDINAL
points	O
to	O
35588.36	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Friday	B-DATE
's	O
volume	O
on	O
the	O
First	O
Section	O
was	O
estimated	O
at	O
one	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
,	O
up	O
from	O
862	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Thursday	B-DATE
.	O


Winners	O
outpaced	O
losers	O
,	O
572	B-CARDINAL
to	O
368	B-CARDINAL
,	O
while	O
181	B-CARDINAL
issues	O
remained	O
unchanged	O
.	O


With	O
investors	O
relieved	O
at	O
the	O
overnight	O
gain	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
stocks	O
,	O
small	O
-	O
lot	O
buying	O
orders	O
streamed	O
into	O
the	O
market	O
from	O
early	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
making	O
traders	O
believe	O
the	O
market	O
was	O
back	O
to	O
normal	O
.	O


The	O
Nikkei	O
,	O
which	O
reached	O
as	B-CARDINAL
high	I-CARDINAL
as	I-CARDINAL
35611.38	I-CARDINAL
right	O
after	O
the	O
opening	O
,	O
surrendered	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
early	O
advance	O
toward	O
the	B-TIME
end	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
day	I-TIME
because	O
of	O
profit	O
-	O
taking	O
.	O


``	O
Investors	O
,	O
especially	O
dealers	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
hold	O
a	O
position	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
a	O
trader	O
at	O
Dai	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
ichi	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
said	O
,	O
adding	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
trading	O
mood	O
remained	O
positive	O
through	O
the	O
afternoon	B-TIME
session	O
.	O


The	O
Tokyo	O
Stock	O
Price	O
Index	O
-LRB-	O
Topix	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
all	O
issues	O
listed	O
in	O
the	O
First	O
Section	O
,	O
which	O
gained	O
22.78	B-CARDINAL
points	O
Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
was	O
up	O
14.06	B-CARDINAL
points	O
,	O
or	O
0.53	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
at	O
2679.72	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
Second	O
Section	O
index	O
,	O
which	O
rose	O
15.72	B-CARDINAL
points	O
Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
was	O
up	O
11.88	B-CARDINAL
points	O
,	O
or	O
0.32	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
to	O
close	O
at	O
3717.46	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Volume	O
in	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
section	O
was	O
estimated	O
at	O
30	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
,	O
up	O
from	O
28	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Thursday	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
turmoil	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
previous	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
plunge	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
stocks	O
,	O
the	O
Nikkei	O
marked	O
a	O
sharp	O
647.33	B-CARDINAL
-	O
point	O
fall	O
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
the	O
Nikkei	O
fell	O
an	O
overall	O
1.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
value	O
that	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
compared	O
with	O
Wall	O
Street	O
's	O
far	O
sharper	O
6.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
drop	O
on	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
market	O
's	O
resiliency	O
helped	O
participants	O
to	O
regain	O
confidence	O
gradually	O
as	O
they	O
spent	O
more	O
time	O
on	O
analyzing	O
factors	O
that	O
caused	O
the	O
Friday	B-DATE
plunge	O
and	O
realized	O
these	O
problems	O
were	O
unique	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
stocks	O
and	O
not	O
directly	O
related	O
to	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Nikkei	O
continued	O
to	O
gain	O
for	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
adding	O
1017.69	B-CARDINAL
points	O
in	O
four	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
--	O
more	O
than	O
erasing	O
Monday	B-DATE
's	O
losses	O
.	O


But	O
further	O
major	O
advances	O
on	O
the	O
Nikkei	O
are	O
n't	O
foreseen	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
by	O
market	O
observers	O
.	O


Investors	O
are	O
still	O
waiting	O
to	O
see	O
how	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
government	O
will	O
decide	O
on	O
interest	O
rates	O
and	O
how	O
the	O
dollar	O
will	O
be	O
stabilized	O
.	O


Some	O
high	O
-	O
priced	O
issues	O
made	O
a	O
comeback	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


Pioneer	B-ORG
surged	O
450	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	O
3.16	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
to	O
6,050	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	O
42.60	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
.	O


Kyocera	B-ORG
advanced	O
80	B-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
to	O
5,440	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Fanuc	B-ORG
gained	O
100	B-CARDINAL
to	O
7,580	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Breweries	O
attracted	O
investors	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
land	O
property	O
holdings	O
that	O
could	O
figure	O
in	O
development	O
or	O
other	O
plans	O
,	O
traders	O
said	O
.	O


Sapporo	B-ORG
gained	O
80	B-CARDINAL
to	O
1,920	B-CARDINAL
and	O
Kirin	B-ORG
added	O
60	B-CARDINAL
to	O
2,070	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Housings	O
,	O
constructions	O
and	O
pharmaceuticals	O
continued	O
to	O
be	O
bought	O
following	O
Thursday	B-DATE
's	O
gains	O
because	O
of	O
strong	O
earnings	O
outlooks	O
.	O


Daiwa	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
gained	O
50	B-CARDINAL
to	O
2,660	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Misawa	B-ORG
Homes	I-ORG
was	O
up	O
20	B-CARDINAL
at	O
2,960	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Kajima	B-ORG
advanced	O
40	B-CARDINAL
to	O
2,120	B-CARDINAL
and	O
Ohbayashi	B-ORG
added	O
50	B-CARDINAL
to	O
1,730	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Fujisawa	B-ORG
added	O
80	B-CARDINAL
to	O
2,010	B-CARDINAL
and	O
Mochida	B-ORG
advanced	O
230	B-CARDINAL
to	O
4,400	B-CARDINAL
.	O


London	B-GPE
share	O
prices	O
were	O
influenced	O
largely	O
by	O
declines	O
on	O
Wall	O
Street	O
and	O
weakness	O
in	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
pound	O
.	O


The	O
key	O
Financial	O
Times	O
-	O
Stock	O
Exchange	O
100	B-CARDINAL
-	O
share	O
index	O
ended	O
10.2	B-CARDINAL
points	O
lower	O
at	O
2179.1	B-CARDINAL
,	O
above	O
its	O
intraday	O
low	O
of	O
2176.9	B-CARDINAL
,	O
but	O
off	O
the	O
day	B-DATE
's	O
high	O
of	O
2189	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
index	O
finished	O
2.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
under	O
its	O
close	O
of	O
2233.9	B-MONEY
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
,	O
although	O
it	O
recouped	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
sharp	O
losses	O
staged	O
early	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
Wall	O
Street	O
's	O
fall	O
.	O


London	B-GPE
was	O
weak	O
throughout	O
Friday	B-DATE
's	O
trading	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
on	O
what	O
dealers	O
attributed	O
to	O
generally	O
thin	O
interest	O
ahead	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
and	O
this	O
week	B-DATE
's	O
potentially	O
important	O
U.K.	B-GPE
trade	O
figures	O
for	O
September	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
FT	O
-	O
SE	O
100	B-CARDINAL
largely	O
remained	O
within	O
an	O
11	B-CARDINAL
-	O
point	O
range	O
establshed	O
within	O
the	B-TIME
first	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
of	O
trading	O
before	O
it	O
eased	O
to	O
an	O
intraday	O
low	O
late	O
in	O
the	O
session	O
when	O
a	O
flurry	O
of	O
program	O
selling	O
pushed	O
Wall	O
Street	O
lower	O
.	O


The	O
FT	O
30	B-CARDINAL
-	O
share	O
index	O
closed	O
11.0	B-CARDINAL
points	O
lower	O
at	O
1761.0	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Volume	O
was	O
extremely	O
thin	O
at	O
351.3	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
,	O
the	O
lightest	O
volume	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	O
modestly	O
under	O
Thursday	B-DATE
's	O
387.4	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


Dealers	O
said	O
the	O
day	B-DATE
's	O
action	O
was	O
featureless	O
outside	O
some	O
response	O
to	O
sterling	O
's	O
early	O
weakness	O
against	O
the	O
mark	O
,	O
and	O
fears	O
that	O
Wall	O
Street	O
might	O
open	O
lower	O
after	O
its	O
strong	O
leap	O
forward	O
Thursday	B-DATE
.	O


They	O
added	O
that	O
market	O
-	O
makers	O
were	O
largely	O
sidelined	O
after	O
aggressively	O
supporting	O
the	O
market	O
Thursday	B-DATE
in	O
their	O
quest	O
to	O
cover	O
internal	O
shortages	O
of	O
FT	O
-	O
SE	O
100	B-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


Interest	O
may	O
remain	O
limited	O
into	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
's	O
U.K.	B-GPE
trade	O
figures	O
,	O
which	O
the	O
market	O
will	O
be	O
watching	O
closely	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
any	O
improvement	O
after	O
disappointing	O
numbers	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
key	O
corporate	O
news	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
was	O
that	O
British	B-ORG
Airways	I-ORG
decided	O
to	O
withdraw	O
from	O
a	O
management	O
-	O
led	O
bid	O
for	O
UAL	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
parent	O
of	O
United	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
.	O


British	B-ORG
Airways	I-ORG
rose	O
initially	O
after	O
announcing	O
its	O
withdrawal	O
from	O
the	O
UAL	B-ORG
deal	O
.	O


Dealers	O
said	O
they	O
viewed	O
the	O
initial	O
#	O
390-million	B-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
622	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
outlay	O
for	O
a	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
the	O
airline	O
as	O
a	O
bit	O
much	O
.	O


Its	O
shares	O
slid	O
in	O
late	O
dealings	O
to	O
close	O
a	B-MONEY
penny	I-MONEY
per	O
share	O
lower	O
at	O
197	B-MONEY
pence	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
airline	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
active	O
FT	O
-	O
SE	O
100	B-CARDINAL
at	O
8.2	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
traded	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
most	O
active	O
top	O
-	O
tier	O
stock	O
was	O
B.A.T	B-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
target	O
of	O
Sir	O
James	B-PERSON
Goldsmith	I-PERSON
's	O
#	B-MONEY
13.4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
bid	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
gained	O
shareholder	O
approval	O
Thursday	B-DATE
to	O
restructure	O
in	O
a	O
bid	O
to	O
fend	O
off	O
the	O
hostile	O
takeover	O
.	O


Sir	O
James	B-PERSON
said	O
Thursday	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
that	O
his	O
plans	O
for	O
the	O
takeover	O
had	O
n't	O
changed	O
.	O


B.A.T	B-ORG
ended	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
at	O
778	B-CARDINAL
,	O
down	O
5	B-CARDINAL
,	O
on	O
turnover	O
of	O
7.5	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


Dealers	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
hit	O
by	O
some	O
profit	O
-	O
taking	O
after	O
gains	O
since	O
mid-week	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
other	O
active	O
shares	O
,	O
Trusthouse	B-ORG
Forte	I-ORG
shed	O
10	B-CARDINAL
to	O
294	B-CARDINAL
on	O
volume	O
of	O
6.4	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
after	O
a	O
Barclays	B-ORG
De	I-ORG
Zoete	I-ORG
Wedd	I-ORG
downgrading	O
,	O
while	O
Hillsdown	B-ORG
Holdings	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
food	O
products	O
concern	O
,	O
was	O
boosted	O
2	B-CARDINAL
to	O
271	B-CARDINAL
after	O
it	O
disclosed	O
it	O
would	O
seek	O
shareholder	O
approval	O
to	O
begin	O
share	O
repurchases	O
.	O


Elsewhere	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
share	O
prices	O
closed	O
higher	O
in	O
Stockholm	B-GPE
,	O
Brussels	B-GPE
and	O
Milan	B-GPE
.	O


Prices	O
were	O
lower	O
in	O
Frankfurt	B-GPE
,	O
Zurich	B-GPE
,	O
Paris	B-GPE
and	O
Amsterdam	B-GPE
.	O


South	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
gold	O
stocks	O
closed	O
moderately	O
lower	O
.	O


Share	O
prices	O
closed	O
higher	O
in	O
Sydney	B-GPE
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
Wellington	B-GPE
,	O
Manila	B-GPE
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
Singapore	B-GPE
and	O
were	O
lower	O
in	O
Seoul	B-GPE
.	O


Here	O
are	O
price	O
trends	O
on	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
major	O
stock	O
markets	O
,	O
as	O
calculated	O
by	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Perspective	I-ORG
,	O
Geneva	B-GPE
.	O


To	O
make	O
them	O
directly	O
comparable	O
,	O
each	O
index	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
close	O
of	O
1969	B-DATE
equaling	O
100	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
percentage	O
change	O
is	O
since	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
is	O
required	O
to	O
notify	O
foreign	O
dictators	O
if	O
it	O
knows	O
of	O
coup	O
plans	O
likely	O
to	O
endanger	O
their	O
lives	O
,	O
government	O
officials	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
notification	O
policy	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
guidelines	O
on	O
handling	O
coups	O
outlined	O
in	O
a	O
secret	O
1988	B-DATE
exchange	O
of	O
letters	O
between	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
administration	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
existence	O
of	O
the	O
guidelines	O
has	O
become	O
known	O
since	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
disclosed	O
them	O
privately	O
to	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
Republican	B-NORP
senators	O
at	O
a	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
meeting	O
last	O
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


Officials	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
meeting	O
said	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
cited	O
the	O
policy	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
sort	O
of	O
congressional	O
requirements	O
the	O
administration	O
contends	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
failure	O
of	O
such	O
covert	O
actions	O
as	O
this	O
month	B-DATE
's	O
futile	O
effort	O
to	O
oust	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
dictator	O
Manuel	B-PERSON
Noriega	I-PERSON
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
officials	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
even	O
read	O
to	O
the	O
senators	O
selections	O
from	O
a	O
highly	O
classified	O
letter	O
from	O
the	O
committee	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
discussing	O
the	O
guidelines	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
the	O
president	O
conceded	O
the	O
notification	O
requirement	O
did	O
n't	O
affect	O
his	O
decision	O
to	O
lend	O
only	O
minor	O
support	O
to	O
this	O
month	B-DATE
's	O
Panama	B-GPE
coup	O
effort	O
.	O


No	O
notification	O
was	O
ever	O
considered	O
,	O
officials	O
said	O
,	O
apparently	O
because	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
did	O
n't	O
think	O
the	O
coup	O
plotters	O
intended	O
to	O
kill	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
merely	O
sought	O
to	O
imprison	O
him	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
both	O
administration	O
and	O
congressional	O
officials	O
hint	O
that	O
the	O
notification	O
requirement	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
dropped	O
from	O
the	O
guidelines	O
on	O
coup	O
attempts	O
that	O
are	O
being	O
rewritten	O
by	O
the	O
panel	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
rewriting	O
was	O
launched	O
at	O
a	O
meeting	O
between	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
intelligence	O
committee	O
leaders	O
Oct.	B-DATE
12	I-DATE
,	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
meeting	O
at	O
which	O
the	O
president	O
complained	O
about	O
the	O
rules	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
disclosure	O
of	O
the	O
guidelines	O
,	O
first	O
reported	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
by	O
NBC	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
already	O
being	O
interpreted	O
on	O
Capitol	B-ORG
Hill	I-ORG
as	O
an	O
unfair	O
effort	O
to	O
pressure	O
Congress	B-ORG
.	O


It	O
has	O
reopened	O
the	O
bitter	O
wrangling	O
between	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
and	O
Congress	B-ORG
over	O
who	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
failure	O
to	O
oust	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
and	O
,	O
more	O
broadly	O
,	O
for	O
difficulties	O
in	O
carrying	O
out	O
covert	O
activities	O
abroad	O
.	O


A	O
statement	O
issued	O
by	O
the	O
office	O
of	O
the	O
committee	O
chairman	O
,	O
Sen.	O
David	B-PERSON
Boren	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Okla.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
charged	O
that	O
the	O
disclosure	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
continuing	O
effort	O
to	O
shift	O
the	O
criticism	O
for	O
the	O
failure	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
coup	O
attempt	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
statement	O
added	O
,	O
``	O
Someone	O
has	O
regrettably	O
chosen	O
to	O
selectively	O
summarize	O
portions	O
of	O
highly	O
classified	O
correspondence	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
branches	O
of	O
government	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
does	O
this	O
come	O
close	O
to	O
a	O
violation	O
of	O
law	O
,	O
it	O
violates	O
the	O
trust	O
we	O
have	O
all	O
worked	O
to	O
develop	O
.	O
''	O


Sen.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
's	O
time	O
to	O
stop	O
bickering	O
and	O
work	O
together	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
clear	O
and	O
appropriate	O
policy	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
country	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
invited	O
the	O
president	O
to	O
send	O
his	O
suggestions	O
to	O
the	O
committee	O
.	O
''	O


Republican	B-NORP
Sen.	O
William	B-PERSON
Cohen	I-PERSON
of	O
Maine	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
panel	O
's	O
vice	O
chairman	O
,	O
said	O
of	O
the	O
disclosure	O
that	O
``	O
a	O
text	O
torn	O
out	O
of	O
context	O
is	O
a	O
pretext	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
unfair	O
for	O
those	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
who	O
are	O
leaking	O
to	O
present	O
the	O
evidence	O
in	O
a	O
selective	O
fashion	O
.	O
''	O


Sen.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
committee	O
could	O
n't	O
defend	O
itself	O
by	O
making	O
the	O
documents	O
public	O
because	O
that	O
would	O
violate	O
classification	O
rules	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
chairman	O
and	O
other	O
committee	O
members	O
stressed	O
that	O
the	O
notification	O
guideline	O
was	O
n't	O
imposed	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
by	O
a	O
meddling	O
Congress	B-ORG
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
both	O
congressional	O
and	O
administration	O
officials	O
agreed	O
,	O
it	O
grew	O
out	O
of	O
talks	O
about	O
coup	O
-	O
planning	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
that	O
were	O
initiated	O
by	O
the	O
administration	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
and	O
stretched	O
into	O
last	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
guideline	O
was	O
n't	O
a	O
law	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
joint	O
interpretation	O
of	O
how	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
might	O
operate	O
during	O
foreign	O
coups	O
in	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
longstanding	O
presidential	O
order	O
banning	O
a	O
U.S.	B-GPE
role	O
in	O
assassinations	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
yesterday	B-DATE
the	O
administration	O
and	O
Congress	B-ORG
were	O
still	O
differing	O
on	O
what	O
had	O
been	O
agreed	O
to	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
administration	O
official	O
said	O
notification	O
was	O
required	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
``	O
gets	O
wind	O
''	O
of	O
somebody	O
else	O
's	O
coup	O
plans	O
that	O
seem	O
likely	O
to	O
endanger	O
a	O
dictator	O
's	O
life	O
.	O


But	O
a	O
congressional	O
source	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
panel	O
said	O
the	O
rule	O
only	O
covered	O
coup	O
plans	O
directly	O
involving	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


Although	O
the	O
notification	O
guideline	O
was	O
n't	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
this	O
month	B-DATE
's	O
coup	O
attempt	O
,	O
some	O
administration	O
officials	O
argue	O
that	O
it	O
may	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
hesitation	O
and	O
uncertainty	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
intelligence	O
and	O
military	O
operatives	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
senior	O
administration	O
official	O
called	O
the	O
guideline	O
``	O
outrageous	O
''	O
and	O
said	O
it	O
could	O
make	O
U.S.	B-GPE
operatives	O
reluctant	O
to	O
even	O
listen	O
to	O
coup	O
plans	O
for	O
fear	O
they	O
may	O
get	O
into	O
legal	O
trouble	O
.	O


The	O
issue	O
came	O
to	O
a	O
head	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
officials	O
recalled	O
,	O
partly	O
because	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
administration	O
had	O
sought	O
unsuccessfully	O
to	O
win	O
committee	O
approval	O
of	O
funding	O
for	O
new	O
Panama	B-GPE
coup	O
efforts	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
both	O
administration	O
and	O
congressional	O
officials	O
said	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
guidelines	O
on	O
coups	O
and	O
assassinations	O
was	O
partly	O
spurred	O
by	O
a	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
desire	O
to	O
avoid	O
nasty	O
overseas	O
surprises	O
during	O
the	O
election	O
campaign	O
.	O


Though	O
the	O
assassination	O
ban	O
is	O
a	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
order	O
that	O
Congress	B-ORG
never	O
voted	O
on	O
,	O
the	O
intelligence	O
committees	O
can	O
exercise	O
influence	O
over	O
its	O
interpretation	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
Central	B-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
Director	O
William	B-PERSON
Webster	I-PERSON
publicly	O
called	O
on	O
Congress	B-ORG
to	O
provide	O
new	O
interpretations	O
of	O
the	O
assassination	O
order	O
that	O
would	O
permit	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
more	O
freedom	O
to	O
act	O
in	O
coups	O
.	O


The	O
administration	O
has	O
reacted	O
to	O
criticism	O
that	O
it	O
mishandled	O
the	O
latest	O
coup	O
attempt	O
by	O
seeking	O
to	O
blame	O
Congress	B-ORG
for	O
restrictions	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
said	O
have	O
hampered	O
its	O
freedom	O
of	O
action	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
Mr.	O
Webster	B-PERSON
's	O
two	O
top	O
CIA	B-ORG
deputies	O
said	O
congressional	O
curbs	O
had	O
n't	O
hampered	O
the	O
spy	O
agency	O
's	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
coup	O
attempt	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
the	O
administration	O
's	O
criticisms	O
appeared	O
to	O
have	O
made	O
some	O
headway	O
with	O
Sens.	O
Boren	B-PERSON
and	O
Cohen	B-PERSON
after	O
their	O
Oct.	B-DATE
12	I-DATE
meeting	O
with	O
the	O
president	O
.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
men	O
agreed	O
to	O
rewrite	O
the	O
guidelines	O
,	O
without	O
changing	O
the	O
basic	O
assassination	O
ban	O
,	O
to	O
clear	O
up	O
any	O
ambiguities	O
that	O
may	O
have	O
hampered	O
U.S.	B-GPE
encouragement	O
of	O
coups	O
against	O
anti-American	B-NORP
leaders	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
argument	O
over	O
the	O
notification	O
guideline	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
could	O
sour	O
any	O
atmosphere	O
of	O
cooperation	O
that	O
existed	O
.	O


Gerald	B-PERSON
F.	I-PERSON
Seib	I-PERSON
contributed	O
to	O
this	O
article	O
.	O


Procter	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Gamble	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
Noxell	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
they	O
received	O
early	O
termination	O
of	O
the	O
waiting	O
period	O
under	O
the	B-LAW
Hart	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
Scott	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
Rodino	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
regarding	O
the	O
proposed	O
$	B-MONEY
1.4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
merger	O
of	O
Noxell	B-ORG
into	O
P&G	B-ORG
.	O


Shareholders	O
of	O
Noxell	B-ORG
,	O
of	O
Hunt	B-GPE
Valley	I-GPE
,	O
Md.	B-GPE
,	O
will	O
vote	O
on	O
the	O
merger	O
at	O
a	O
special	O
meeting	O
on	O
Nov.	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
companies	O
said	O
.	O


P&G	B-ORG
,	O
Cincinnati	B-GPE
,	O
agreed	O
to	O
exchange	O
0.272	B-CARDINAL
share	O
of	O
its	O
common	O
stock	O
for	O
each	O
share	O
of	O
Noxell	B-ORG
common	O
and	O
Class	O
B	O
stock	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
about	B-CARDINAL
11	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
P&G	B-ORG
shares	O
.	O


The	O
transaction	O
would	O
mark	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
P&G	B-ORG
into	O
cosmetics	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
already	O
markets	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
detergents	O
,	O
food	O
,	O
household	O
and	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
products	O
.	O


Shareholders	O
of	O
Messerschmitt	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Boelkow	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Blohm	I-ORG
G.m.b	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
H.	I-ORG
postponed	O
their	O
formal	O
endorsement	O
of	O
a	O
merger	O
with	O
Daimler	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Benz	I-ORG
AG	I-ORG
until	O
another	O
meeting	O
on	O
Nov.	B-DATE
17	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
owners	O
of	O
the	O
defense	O
and	O
aerospace	O
concern	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
three	B-CARDINAL
regional	O
states	O
,	O
several	O
industrial	O
companies	O
and	O
banks	O
,	O
met	O
Friday	B-DATE
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
final	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
transaction	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
Daimler	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Benz	I-ORG
will	O
acquire	O
50.01	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O


But	O
agreement	O
aparently	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
reached	O
because	O
of	O
opposition	O
from	O
the	O
states	O
of	O
Hamburg	B-GPE
and	O
Bremen	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
are	O
demanding	O
more	O
influence	O
over	O
the	O
German	B-NORP
Airbus	B-ORG
operations	O
and	O
a	O
better	O
guarantee	O
against	O
job	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
troubled	O
Northern	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
region	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
states	O
and	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Bavaria	B-GPE
still	O
hold	O
a	O
majority	O
in	O
MBB	B-ORG
,	O
but	O
their	O
stake	O
will	O
fall	O
to	O
around	B-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
after	O
Daimler	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Benz	I-ORG
acquires	O
its	O
stake	O
in	O
the	O
concern	O
.	O


Jeffrey	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
Levin	I-PERSON
was	O
named	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
economist	O
of	O
this	O
commodity	O
futures	O
and	O
options	O
exchange	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
been	O
associate	O
professor	O
in	O
the	O
department	O
of	O
finance	O
at	O
Seton	B-ORG
Hall	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
government	O
issues	O
its	O
first	O
reading	O
on	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
real	O
gross	O
national	O
product	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
a	O
report	O
that	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
disclose	O
much	O
tamer	O
inflation	O
.	O


The	O
consensus	O
view	O
on	O
real	O
GNP	O
,	O
the	O
total	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
output	O
of	O
goods	O
and	O
services	O
adjusted	O
for	O
inflation	O
,	O
calls	O
for	O
a	O
2.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
gain	O
,	O
down	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
2.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
according	O
to	O
MMS	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
McGraw	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Hill	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


But	O
inflation	O
,	O
as	O
measured	O
by	O
the	O
GNP	O
deflator	O
in	O
Thursday	B-DATE
's	O
report	O
,	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
rise	O
only	B-PERCENT
3.5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
down	O
from	O
4.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
Inflation	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
real	O
surprise	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Samuel	B-PERSON
D.	I-PERSON
Kahan	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
financial	O
economist	O
at	O
Kleinwort	B-ORG
Benson	I-ORG
Government	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
If	O
that	O
gets	O
people	O
excited	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
serve	O
as	O
an	O
impetus	O
to	O
the	O
fixed	O
-	O
income	O
markets	O
to	O
lower	O
their	O
rates	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
added	O
.	O


The	O
week	B-DATE
's	O
other	O
notable	O
indicators	O
include	O
mid-October	B-DATE
auto	O
sales	O
,	O
September	B-DATE
durable	O
goods	O
orders	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
September	B-DATE
personal	O
income	O
,	O
personal	O
consumption	O
and	O
the	O
saving	O
rate	O
.	O


Most	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
fall	O
below	O
previous	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
levels	O
.	O


Many	O
economists	O
see	O
even	O
slower	O
GNP	O
growth	O
for	O
the	O
remainder	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
some	O
leaning	O
more	O
strongly	O
toward	O
a	O
possible	O
recession	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
softer	O
production	O
data	O
,	O
weaker	O
housing	O
starts	O
and	O
lower	O
corporate	O
profits	O
currently	O
in	O
evidence	O
,	O
some	O
analysts	O
believe	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
recent	O
natural	O
disasters	O
--	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
and	O
the	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
earthquake	O
--	O
will	O
carry	O
economic	O
ramifications	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
recent	O
one	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
190	B-CARDINAL
-	O
point	O
drop	O
in	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
significant	O
to	O
economists	O
mainly	O
for	O
its	O
tacit	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
poor	O
quality	O
of	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
profits	O
now	O
being	O
reported	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
stock	O
market	O
is	O
sick	O
because	O
profits	O
are	O
crumbling	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Michael	B-PERSON
K.	I-PERSON
Evans	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Evans	B-ORG
Economics	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
economy	O
,	O
he	O
noted	O
,	O
moves	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
not	O
vice	O
versa	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Evans	B-PERSON
expects	O
the	O
hurricane	O
and	O
the	O
earthquake	O
``	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
hunk	O
out	O
of	O
fourth	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
GNP	O
.	O
''	O


His	O
estimate	O
of	O
3.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
third	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
GNP	O
is	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
consensus	O
largely	O
because	O
he	O
believes	O
current	O
inventories	O
are	O
n't	O
as	O
low	O
as	O
official	O
figures	O
indicate	O
.	O


Demand	O
,	O
he	O
believes	O
,	O
is	O
being	O
met	O
from	O
overhang	O
rather	O
than	O
new	O
production	O
.	O


By	O
and	O
large	O
,	O
economists	O
believe	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
natural	O
catastrophes	O
will	O
limit	O
economic	O
damage	O
to	O
their	O
regions	O
.	O


Edward	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Campbell	I-PERSON
,	O
economist	O
at	O
Brown	B-ORG
Brothers	I-ORG
Harriman	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
noted	O
that	O
large	O
increases	O
in	O
construction	O
activity	O
along	O
with	O
government	O
and	O
private	O
relief	O
efforts	O
could	O
offset	O
loss	O
of	O
production	O
in	O
those	O
areas	O
.	O


Gary	B-PERSON
Ciminero	I-PERSON
,	O
economist	O
at	O
Fleet	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
Norstar	I-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
Providence	B-GPE
,	O
R.I.	B-GPE
,	O
expects	O
the	O
deflator	O
to	O
rise	O
3.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
well	O
below	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
4.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
partly	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
he	O
believes	O
will	O
be	O
temporarily	O
better	O
price	O
behavior	O
.	O


He	O
expects	O
real	O
GNP	O
growth	O
of	O
only	O
2.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
the	B-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
noting	O
a	O
wider	O
trade	O
deficit	O
,	O
slower	O
capital	O
and	O
government	O
spending	O
and	O
the	O
lower	O
inventory	O
figures	O
.	O


Sung	B-PERSON
Won	I-PERSON
Sohn	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
economist	O
at	O
Norwest	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Minneapolis	B-GPE
,	O
holds	O
that	O
the	O
recent	O
stock	O
-	O
market	O
volatility	O
``	O
increases	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
economic	O
recession	O
and	O
reinforces	O
the	O
bad	O
news	O
''	O
from	O
recent	O
trade	O
deficit	O
,	O
employment	O
and	O
housing	O
reports	O
.	O


The	O
consensus	O
calls	O
for	O
a	O
0.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
increase	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
personal	O
income	O
and	O
a	O
0.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
gain	O
in	O
consumption	O
.	O


In	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
personal	O
income	O
rose	O
0.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
personal	O
consumption	O
increased	O
0.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Charles	B-PERSON
Lieberman	I-PERSON
,	O
managing	O
director	O
of	O
financial	O
markets	O
reasearch	O
at	O
Manufacturers	B-ORG
Hanover	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
said	O
Hurrican	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
shaved	O
0.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
0.2	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
personal	O
-	O
income	O
growth	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
greatly	O
diminished	O
rental	O
income	O
from	O
tourism	O
.	O


Durable	O
goods	O
orders	O
for	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
due	O
out	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
,	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
show	O
a	O
slip	O
of	B-PERCENT
1	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
compared	O
with	O
August	B-DATE
's	O
3.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
increase	O
.	O


As	O
usual	O
,	O
estimates	O
on	O
the	O
fickle	O
report	O
are	O
wide	O
,	O
running	O
from	O
a	O
drop	O
of	O
3.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
a	O
gain	O
of	O
1.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


HASTINGS	B-ORG
MANUFACTURING	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
declared	O
a	O
regular	O
quarterly	O
dividend	O
of	O
10	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
and	O
an	O
extra	O
dividend	O
of	O
five	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
on	O
its	O
common	O
stock	O
,	O
payable	O
Dec.	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
to	O
shares	O
of	O
record	O
Nov.	B-DATE
17	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
11th	B-ORDINAL
consecutive	O
quarter	B-DATE
in	O
which	O
the	O
company	O
has	O
paid	O
shareholders	O
an	O
extra	O
dividend	O
of	O
five	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
Hastings	B-GPE
,	O
Mich.	B-GPE
,	O
concern	O
makes	O
piston	O
rings	O
,	O
filters	O
and	O
fuel	O
pumps	O
.	O


Vickers	B-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
United	B-GPE
Kingdom	I-GPE
defense	O
and	O
engineering	O
company	O
,	O
said	O
an	O
investment	O
unit	O
controlled	O
by	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
financier	O
Ron	B-PERSON
Brierley	I-PERSON
raised	O
its	O
stake	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
Friday	B-DATE
to	O
15.02	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
about	B-PERCENT
14.6	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
Thursday	B-DATE
and	O
from	O
13.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


I.E.P.	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Brierley	B-PERSON
's	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
-	O
based	O
Industrial	B-ORG
Equity	I-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
Pacific	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
boosted	O
its	O
holdings	O
in	O
Vickers	B-ORG
to	O
38.8	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
shares	O
.	O


The	O
latest	O
purchase	O
follows	O
small	O
increases	O
in	O
his	O
holdings	O
made	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
May	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Brierley	B-PERSON
's	O
stake	O
shrank	O
to	O
8.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
after	O
ranging	O
between	B-PERCENT
9	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	I-PERCENT
11	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
much	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
Ron	B-PERSON
Brierley	I-PERSON
clearly	O
views	O
our	O
company	O
as	O
a	O
good	O
investment	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
Vickers	B-ORG
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
spokesman	O
refused	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
speculation	O
that	O
Industrial	B-ORG
Equity	I-ORG
might	O
use	O
its	O
interest	O
as	O
a	O
platform	O
to	O
launch	O
a	O
hostile	O
bid	O
for	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


Vickers	B-ORG
makes	O
tanks	O
for	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
army	O
,	O
Rolls	B-PRODUCT
Royce	I-PRODUCT
cars	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
marine	O
and	O
medical	O
businesses	O
.	O


When	O
Rune	B-PERSON
Andersson	I-PERSON
set	O
out	O
to	O
revive	O
flagging	O
Swedish	B-NORP
conglomerate	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
AB	I-ORG
in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
spurned	O
the	O
advice	O
of	O
trendy	O
management	O
consultants	O
.	O


``	O
All	O
these	O
consultants	O
kept	O
coming	O
around	O
telling	O
us	O
we	O
should	O
concentrate	O
on	O
high	O
technology	O
,	O
electronics	O
or	O
biotechnology	O
,	O
and	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
mature	O
basic	O
industries	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Andersson	B-PERSON
recalls	O
.	O


Yet	O
under	O
its	O
45	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
president	O
,	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
moved	O
aggressively	O
into	O
those	O
unfashionable	O
base	O
industries	O
--	O
first	B-ORDINAL
strengthening	O
its	O
existing	O
rubber	O
and	O
plastics	O
division	O
,	O
later	O
adding	O
mining	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
building	O
and	O
construction	O
materials	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
gutsy	O
move	O
for	O
a	O
little	O
-	O
known	O
executive	O
,	O
fired	O
after	O
only	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
as	O
president	O
of	O
his	O
previous	O
company	O
.	O


But	O
going	O
against	O
the	O
grain	O
has	O
never	O
bothered	O
Mr.	O
Andersson	B-PERSON
.	O


Stroking	O
his	O
trademark	O
white	O
goatee	O
during	O
a	O
recent	O
interview	O
,	O
the	O
diminutive	O
Swede	B-NORP
quips	O
:	O
``	O
It	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
lucky	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
whole	O
market	O
thinks	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
doing	O
is	O
crazy	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
much	O
competition	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Andersson	B-PERSON
is	O
anxious	O
to	O
strengthen	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
's	O
balance	O
sheet	O
.	O


Characteristically	O
,	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
waste	O
much	O
time	O
getting	O
started	O
.	O


On	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
directors	O
announced	O
plans	O
to	O
spin	O
off	O
two	B-CARDINAL
big	O
divisions	O
--	O
minerals	O
processing	O
,	O
and	O
building	O
and	O
distribution	O
--	O
as	O
separately	O
quoted	O
companies	O
on	O
Stockholm	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
.	O


At	O
current	O
market	O
prices	O
,	O
the	O
twin	O
public	O
offerings	O
to	O
be	O
completed	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
would	O
add	O
an	B-MONEY
estimated	I-MONEY
2.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
Swedish	I-MONEY
kronor	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
386	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
to	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
's	O
coffers	O
,	O
analysts	O
say	O
.	O


The	O
board	O
had	O
also	O
been	O
expected	O
to	O
approve	O
a	O
SKr1.5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
international	O
offering	O
of	O
new	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
shares	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
share	O
issue	O
--	O
intended	O
to	O
make	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
better	O
known	O
among	O
international	O
investors	O
--	O
was	O
postponed	O
until	O
market	O
conditions	O
stabilize	O
,	O
people	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
situation	O
say	O
.	O


Trelleborg	B-ORG
's	O
internationally	O
traded	O
``	O
Bfree	O
''	O
series	O
stock	O
plunged	O
SKr29	B-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	O
4.48	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
to	O
SKr205	B-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	O
31.65	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
in	O
volatile	O
trading	O
Monday	B-DATE
in	O
Stockholm	B-GPE
.	O


Tuesday	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
shares	O
regained	O
SKr20	B-MONEY
,	O
closing	O
at	O
SKr225	B-MONEY
.	O


Mr.	O
Andersson	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
is	O
confident	O
that	O
taking	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
public	O
will	O
help	O
erase	O
the	O
``	O
conglomerate	O
stigma	O
''	O
that	O
has	O
held	O
down	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
's	O
share	O
price	O
.	O


Trelleborg	B-ORG
plans	O
to	O
remain	O
the	O
dominant	O
shareholder	O
with	O
stakes	O
of	O
slightly	O
less	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
both	O
units	O
.	O


The	O
spinoff	O
should	O
solve	O
a	O
problem	O
for	O
the	O
parent	O
.	O


A	O
family	O
foundation	O
set	O
up	O
by	O
late	O
founder	O
Henry	B-PERSON
Dunker	I-PERSON
controls	O
59	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
's	O
voting	O
shares	O
outstanding	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
foundation	O
bylaws	O
require	O
the	O
entire	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
stake	O
to	O
be	O
sold	O
in	O
the	O
open	O
market	O
if	O
control	O
drops	O
below	B-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


That	O
possibility	O
had	O
crept	O
closer	O
as	O
repeated	O
new	O
share	O
offerings	O
to	O
finance	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
's	O
rapid	O
growth	O
steadily	O
diluted	O
the	O
foundation	O
's	O
holding	O
.	O


That	O
growth	O
is	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Andersson	B-PERSON
's	O
shopping	O
spree	O
,	O
during	O
which	O
he	O
has	O
bought	O
and	O
sold	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
companies	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
additions	O
were	O
barely	O
profitable	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
outright	O
loss	O
makers	O
.	O


Applying	O
prowess	O
gained	O
during	O
earlier	O
stints	O
at	O
appliance	O
maker	O
AB	B-ORG
Electrolux	I-ORG
,	O
Mr.	O
Andersson	B-PERSON
and	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
loyal	O
lieutenants	O
aggressively	O
stripped	O
away	O
dead	O
wood	O
--	O
and	O
got	O
quick	O
results	O
.	O


The	O
treatment	O
turned	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
into	O
one	O
of	O
Scandinavia	B-LOC
's	O
biggest	O
and	O
fastest	O
-	O
growing	O
industrial	O
concerns	O
.	O


Between	B-DATE
1985	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
1988	I-DATE
,	O
sales	O
multipled	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
times	O
and	O
pretax	O
profit	O
surged	O
almost	O
twelvefold	O
.	O


Many	O
analysts	O
expect	O
Mr.	O
Andersson	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
owns	O
1.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
named	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
's	O
new	O
chairman	O
when	O
Ernst	B-PERSON
Herslow	I-PERSON
steps	O
down	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
the	O
promotion	O
is	O
n't	O
likely	O
to	O
alter	O
a	O
management	O
style	O
Mr.	O
Andersson	B-PERSON
describes	O
as	O
``	O
being	O
the	O
driving	O
force	O
leading	O
the	O
troops	O
,	O
not	O
managing	O
by	O
sitting	O
back	O
with	O
a	O
cigar	O
waiting	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
bring	O
me	O
ideas	O
.	O
''	O


Last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
his	O
boldest	O
move	O
yet	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Andersson	B-PERSON
and	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
joined	O
forces	O
with	O
Canada	B-GPE
's	O
Noranda	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
in	O
a	O
joint	O
$	B-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
hostile	O
takeover	O
of	O
another	O
big	O
Canadian	B-NORP
mining	O
concern	O
,	O
Falconbridge	B-ORG
Ltd	I-ORG
.	O


Industry	O
analysts	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
conquest	O
of	O
Falconbridge	B-ORG
could	O
vault	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
from	O
a	O
regional	O
Scandinavian	B-NORP
success	O
story	O
to	O
a	O
world	O
-	O
class	O
mining	O
concern	O
.	O


``	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
is	O
n't	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
league	O
yet	O
as	O
mining	O
giants	O
such	O
as	O
RTZ	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
or	O
Anglo	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
American	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Kurtanjek	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
mining	O
analyst	O
at	O
James	B-ORG
Capel	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
But	O
we	O
certainly	O
like	O
what	O
we	O
've	O
seen	O
so	O
far	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
still	O
must	O
clear	O
some	O
tough	O
hurdles	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Andersson	B-PERSON
acknowledges	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
mining	O
division	O
``	O
will	O
be	O
busy	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
digesting	O
its	O
recent	O
expansion	O
.	O
''	O


Booming	O
metals	O
prices	O
have	O
fueled	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
's	O
recent	O
profit	O
surge	O
,	O
raising	O
mining	O
's	O
share	O
of	O
pretax	O
profit	O
to	O
68	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
from	O
a	O
big	O
loss	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
analysts	O
caution	O
an	O
expected	O
fall	O
in	O
metal	O
prices	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
could	O
slow	O
profit	O
growth	O
.	O


Mining	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
remain	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
's	O
main	O
business	O
.	O


Analysts	O
say	O
its	O
chances	O
of	O
success	O
will	O
likely	O
hinge	O
on	O
how	O
well	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
manages	O
to	O
cooperate	O
with	O
Noranda	B-ORG
in	O
the	O
Falconbridge	B-ORG
venture	O
.	O


Noranda	B-ORG
and	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
each	O
came	O
close	O
to	O
winning	O
Falconbridge	B-ORG
alone	O
before	O
the	O
successful	O
joint	O
bid	O
.	O


Some	O
analysts	O
say	O
Noranda	B-ORG
would	O
prefer	O
to	O
break	O
up	O
Falconbridge	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
Swedes	B-NORP
--	O
relatively	O
inexperienced	O
in	O
international	O
mining	O
operations	O
--	O
could	O
have	O
problems	O
holding	O
their	O
own	O
with	O
a	O
much	O
bigger	O
partner	O
like	O
Noranda	B-ORG
operating	O
on	O
its	O
home	O
turf	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Andersson	B-PERSON
insists	O
that	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
and	O
Noranda	B-ORG
have	O
n't	O
discussed	O
a	O
Falconbridge	B-ORG
break	O
-	O
up	O
.	O


Falconbridge	B-ORG
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
will	O
continue	O
operating	O
in	O
its	O
current	O
form	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
'd	O
be	O
reluctant	O
to	O
accept	O
50	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
ownership	O
in	O
a	O
manufacturing	O
company	O
.	O


But	O
such	O
partnerships	O
are	O
common	O
in	O
mining	O
,	O
where	O
there	O
are	O
n't	O
problems	O
or	O
conflict	O
of	O
interest	O
or	O
risk	O
of	O
cheating	O
by	O
a	O
partner	O
,	O
''	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
's	O
president	O
says	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
more	O
important	O
,	O
both	O
companies	O
share	O
Mr.	O
Andersson	B-PERSON
's	O
belief	O
in	O
the	O
coming	O
renaissance	O
of	O
base	O
industries	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
the	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
were	O
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
of	O
consumption	O
,	O
the	O
'90s	B-DATE
will	O
be	O
the	B-DATE
investment	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Andersson	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
whole	O
of	O
Europe	B-LOC
and	O
the	O
industrialized	O
world	O
is	O
suffering	O
from	O
a	O
breakdown	O
in	O
infrastructure	O
investment	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
That	O
's	O
beginning	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


And	O
investment	O
is	O
the	O
key	O
word	O
for	O
base	O
metals	O
,	O
and	O
most	O
other	O
businesses	O
Trelleborg	B-ORG
is	O
in	O
.	O


Gary	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Schantz	I-PERSON
,	O
44	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
was	O
named	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
.	O


Polymerix	B-ORG
makes	O
lumber	O
-	O
like	O
materials	O
that	O
it	O
describes	O
as	O
``	O
plastic	O
wood	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
operating	O
chief	O
's	O
post	O
is	O
new	O
.	O


Martin	B-PERSON
Schrager	I-PERSON
,	O
51	B-DATE
,	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
president	O
,	O
was	O
named	O
vice	O
chairman	O
.	O


He	O
remains	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Schantz	B-PERSON
was	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
of	O
the	O
Acrylic	B-ORG
division	O
of	O
Polycast	B-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


Separately	O
,	O
the	O
board	O
expanded	O
to	O
six	B-CARDINAL
members	O
with	O
the	O
election	O
of	O
David	B-PERSON
L.	I-PERSON
Holewinski	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
consultant	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
also	O
said	O
it	O
privately	O
placed	O
stock	O
and	O
warrants	O
in	O
exchange	O
for	O
$	O
750,000	B-MONEY
.	O


Terry	B-PERSON
L.	I-PERSON
Haines	I-PERSON
,	O
formerly	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
Canadian	B-NORP
operations	O
,	O
was	O
elected	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
position	O
of	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
North	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
sales	O
,	O
of	O
this	O
plastics	O
concern	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
Larry	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Kushkin	I-PERSON
,	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
North	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
operations	O
,	O
was	O
named	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
international	O
automotive	O
operations	O
,	O
another	O
new	O
position	O
.	O


He	O
remains	O
an	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
said	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
new	O
position	O
reflects	O
``	O
the	O
growing	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
automotive	O
market	O
as	O
a	O
market	O
for	O
A.	B-ORG
Schulman	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
high	O
performance	O
plastic	O
materials	O
.	O
''	O


Gordon	B-PERSON
Trimmer	I-PERSON
will	O
succeed	O
Mr.	O
Haines	B-PERSON
as	O
manager	O
of	O
Canadian	B-NORP
operations	O
,	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Kushkin	B-PERSON
's	O
former	O
position	O
is	O
n't	O
being	O
filled	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
said	O
.	O


General	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
signed	O
a	O
contract	O
with	O
the	O
developers	O
of	O
the	O
Ocean	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Power	I-ORG
project	O
for	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
of	O
an	O
independent	O
$	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
power	O
plant	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
being	O
built	O
in	O
Burrillville	B-GPE
,	O
R.I	B-GPE
.	O


GE	B-ORG
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
division	O
of	O
Ebasco	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Enserch	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
have	O
been	O
building	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
250	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
megawatt	I-QUANTITY
phase	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
which	O
they	O
expect	O
to	O
complete	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
1990	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
portion	O
will	O
be	O
completed	O
the	B-DATE
following	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


GE	B-ORG
's	O
Power	B-ORG
Generation	I-ORG
subsidiary	O
will	O
operate	O
and	O
maintain	O
the	O
plant	O
upon	O
its	O
completion	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Environmental	I-ORG
Protection	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
is	O
getting	O
a	O
lot	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
Superfund	B-LAW
program	O
.	O


Of	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
4.4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
spent	O
so	O
far	O
on	O
the	O
program	O
,	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
is	O
going	O
for	O
administrative	O
costs	O
,	O
management	O
and	O
research	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Assessment	I-ORG
just	O
reported	O
.	O


Only	O
36	B-CARDINAL
of	O
1,200	B-CARDINAL
priority	O
cleanup	O
sites	O
have	O
been	O
``	O
decontaminated	O
.	O
''	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
50	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
$	B-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
is	O
earmarked	O
for	O
the	O
program	O
.	O


At	O
current	O
allocations	O
,	O
that	O
means	O
EPA	B-ORG
will	O
be	O
spending	O
$	B-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
on	O
itself	O
.	O


It	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
toxic	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
know	O
where	O
one	B-CARDINAL
waste	O
dump	O
is	O
.	O


Chambers	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
its	O
Security	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
unit	O
purchased	O
two	B-CARDINAL
security	O
concerns	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
that	O
will	O
add	O
$	B-MONEY
2.1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
annual	B-DATE
revenue	O
.	O


Purchase	O
of	O
the	O
businesses	O
serving	O
Miami	B-GPE
,	O
Fort	B-GPE
Lauderdale	I-GPE
and	O
West	B-GPE
Palm	I-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
,	O
Fla.	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
plan	O
by	O
Chambers	B-ORG
to	O
expand	O
in	O
the	O
growing	O
security	O
industry	O
.	O


Terms	O
were	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
.	O


Basf	B-ORG
AG	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
moved	O
its	O
headquarters	O
for	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
to	O
Mexico	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
headquarters	O
for	O
the	O
Asia	B-LOC
/	O
Australia	O
regional	O
division	O
to	O
Singapore	B-GPE
,	O
effective	O
Oct	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
central	O
offices	O
for	O
both	O
regions	O
were	O
previously	O
located	O
in	O
Ludwigshafen	B-GPE
,	O
Basf	B-ORG
headquarters	O
.	O


The	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
chemical	O
concern	O
called	O
the	O
moves	O
a	O
further	O
step	O
in	O
the	O
internationalization	O
of	O
its	O
business	O
activities	O
.	O


Both	O
regions	O
are	O
the	O
fastest	O
-	O
growing	O
areas	O
for	O
Basf	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
company	O
said	O
.	O


David	B-PERSON
H.	I-PERSON
Eisenberg	I-PERSON
,	O
53	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
was	O
named	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
of	O
Imasco	B-ORG
's	O
500	B-CARDINAL
-	O
store	O
Peoples	B-ORG
Drug	I-ORG
Stores	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
unit	O
,	O
based	O
in	O
Alexandria	B-GPE
,	O
Va	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Eisenberg	B-PERSON
was	O
senior	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
.	O


Imasco	B-ORG
is	O
a	O
tobacco	O
,	O
retailing	O
,	O
restaurant	O
and	O
financial	O
services	O
concern	O
.	O


Lotus	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
is	O
in	O
talks	O
to	O
sell	O
its	O
Signal	B-ORG
stock	O
-	O
quote	O
service	O
to	O
Infotechnology	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
parent	O
of	O
Financial	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Network	I-ORG
,	O
people	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
negotiations	O
said	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
the	O
price	O
would	O
be	O
around	O
$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Signal	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
has	O
an	B-CARDINAL
estimated	I-CARDINAL
10,000	I-CARDINAL
subscribers	O
and	O
is	O
profitable	O
,	O
provides	O
stock	O
quotes	O
over	O
an	O
FM	O
radio	O
band	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
received	O
by	O
specially	O
equipped	O
personal	O
computers	O
.	O


The	O
computers	O
will	O
display	O
stock	O
prices	O
selected	O
by	O
users	O
.	O


Lotus	B-ORG
,	O
Cambridge	B-GPE
,	O
Mass.	B-GPE
,	O
has	O
been	O
rumored	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
the	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
unit	O
under	O
consideration	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
business	O
is	O
n't	O
related	O
to	O
Lotus	B-ORG
's	O
main	O
businesses	O
of	O
making	O
computer	O
software	O
and	O
publishing	O
information	O
on	O
compact	O
disks	O
.	O


This	O
maker	O
of	O
electronic	O
measuring	O
devices	O
named	O
two	B-CARDINAL
new	O
directors	O
,	O
increasing	O
board	O
membership	O
to	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
new	O
directors	O
are	O
Gordon	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Sprenger	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
of	O
LifeSpan	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Peter	B-PERSON
S.	I-PERSON
Willmott	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
of	O
Willmott	B-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Gerard	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
Wood	I-PERSON
,	O
51	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
was	O
elected	O
president	O
,	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
and	O
a	O
director	O
of	O
this	O
minerals	O
and	O
materials	O
company	O
.	O


He	O
succeeds	O
Harry	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Durney	I-PERSON
,	O
65	B-DATE
,	O
who	O
is	O
retiring	O
from	O
active	O
duty	O
but	O
remains	O
a	O
director	O
and	O
consultant	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Wood	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
of	O
Steep	B-ORG
Rock	I-ORG
Resources	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Guillermo	B-PERSON
Ortiz	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Sept.	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
Americas	B-LOC
column	O
,	O
``	O
Mexico	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Been	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bitten	I-WORK_OF_ART
by	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Privatization	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bug	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
is	O
a	O
refreshingly	O
clear	O
statement	O
of	O
his	O
government	O
's	O
commitment	O
to	O
privatization	O
,	O
and	O
must	O
be	O
welcomed	O
as	O
such	O
by	O
all	O
Americans	B-NORP
who	O
wish	O
his	O
country	O
well	O
.	O


The	O
Mexico	O
-	O
United	O
States	O
Institute	O
is	O
glad	O
to	O
see	O
such	O
a	O
high	O
official	O
as	O
Mexico	B-GPE
's	O
undersecretary	O
of	O
finance	O
view	O
his	O
country	O
's	O
reforms	O
``	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
a	O
larger	O
,	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
process	O
''	O
of	O
profound	O
change	O
toward	O
free	O
-	O
market	O
economics	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
statist	O
countries	O
.	O


Having	O
said	O
that	O
,	O
we	O
must	O
caution	O
against	O
an	O
apparent	O
tendency	O
to	O
overstate	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
quite	O
true	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
Mexican	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
``	O
privatized	O
''	O
Mexicana	B-ORG
de	I-ORG
Aviacion	I-ORG
,	O
as	O
Mr.	O
Ortiz	B-PERSON
claims	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
sentence	O
he	O
contradicts	O
himself	O
when	O
he	O
reports	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
still	O
retains	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
equity	O
of	O
the	O
airline	O
.	O


How	O
can	O
a	O
company	O
be	O
considered	O
``	O
privatized	O
''	O
if	O
the	O
state	O
is	O
so	O
heavily	O
represented	O
in	O
it	O
?	O


-LRB-	O
True	O
,	O
the	O
Mexican	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
granted	O
``	O
control	O
''	O
over	O
the	O
airline	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
private	O
consortium	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
propensity	O
to	O
take	O
back	O
what	O
it	O
gives	O
is	O
too	O
well	O
known	O
to	O
permit	O
one	O
to	O
be	O
sanguine	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Regrettably	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Ortiz	B-PERSON
resorts	O
to	O
the	O
familiar	O
``	O
numbers	O
game	O
''	O
when	O
he	O
boasts	O
that	O
``	O
fewer	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
392	I-CARDINAL
-LCB-	O
state	O
enterprises	O
-RCB-	O
currently	O
remain	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
sector	O
,	O
''	O
down	O
from	O
the	O
``	O
1,155	B-CARDINAL
public	O
entities	O
that	O
existed	O
in	O
1982	B-DATE
.	O


''	O
But	O
the	O
enterprises	O
still	O
in	O
state	O
hands	O
include	O
the	O
biggest	O
and	O
most	O
economically	O
powerful	O
ones	O
in	O
Mexico	B-GPE
;	O
indeed	O
,	O
they	O
virtually	O
constitute	O
the	O
economic	O
infrastructure	O
.	O


I	O
refer	O
essentially	O
to	O
petroleum	O
,	O
electric	O
power	O
,	O
banking	O
and	O
newsprint	O
.	O


Those	O
enterprises	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
are	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
privatized	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
officially	O
considered	O
``	O
strategic	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
their	O
privatization	O
is	O
prohibited	O
by	O
the	B-LAW
Mexican	I-LAW
Constitution	I-LAW
.	O


In	O
language	O
that	O
sidesteps	O
the	O
issue	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Ortiz	B-PERSON
writes	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
divestiture	O
of	O
nonpriority	O
and	O
nonstrategic	O
public	O
enterprises	O
is	O
an	O
essential	O
element	O
of	O
President	O
Carlos	B-PERSON
Salinas	I-PERSON
's	O
plan	O
to	O
modernize	O
Mexico	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
...	O
.	O
''	O


Yet	O
clearly	O
,	O
modernization	O
must	O
embrace	O
its	O
key	O
industries	O
before	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
said	O
to	O
have	O
caught	O
the	O
``	O
privatization	O
bug	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
bottom	O
line	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
not	O
economic	O
but	O
political	O
reform	O
.	O


A	O
long	O
succession	O
of	O
Mexican	B-NORP
presidents	O
arbitrarily	O
nationalized	O
whatever	O
industry	O
they	O
took	O
a	O
fancy	O
to	O
,	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
answer	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O


To	O
guarantee	O
that	O
Mexicana	B-ORG
de	I-ORG
Aviacion	I-ORG
and	O
other	O
companies	O
will	O
really	O
be	O
privatized	O
,	O
Mexico	B-GPE
needs	O
a	O
pluri-party	O
political	O
system	O
that	O
will	O
ensure	O
democracy	O
and	O
hence	O
accountability	O
.	O


Daniel	B-PERSON
James	I-PERSON
President	O
Mexico	O
-	O
United	O
States	O
Institute	O


The	O
board	O
of	O
this	O
Ponce	B-GPE
,	O
Puerto	B-GPE
Rico	I-GPE
concern	O
voted	O
to	O
suspend	O
payment	O
of	O
its	O
quarterly	B-DATE
of	O
11	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
third	B-ORDINAL
-	O
largest	O
thrift	O
institution	O
in	O
Puerto	B-GPE
Rico	I-GPE
also	O
said	O
it	O
expects	O
a	O
return	O
to	O
profitability	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
when	O
it	O
reports	O
operating	O
results	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Ponce	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
said	O
the	O
dividend	O
was	O
suspended	O
in	O
anticipation	O
of	O
more	O
stringent	O
capital	O
requirements	O
under	O
the	B-LAW
Financial	I-LAW
Institutions	I-LAW
Reform	I-LAW
,	I-LAW
Recovery	I-LAW
,	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
Enforcement	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
of	O
1989	B-DATE
.	O


Whittle	B-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
Limited	I-ORG
Partnership	I-ORG
,	O
Knoxville	B-GPE
,	O
Tenn.	B-GPE
,	O
will	O
launch	O
its	O
first	O
media	O
property	O
targeting	O
Hispanic	B-NORP
women	O
.	O


``	O
La	B-WORK_OF_ART
Familia	I-WORK_OF_ART
de	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hoy	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
or	O
``	O
Today	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Family	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
will	O
debut	O
this	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
and	O
will	O
combine	O
a	O
national	O
bimonthly	B-DATE
magazine	O
and	O
TV	O
programming	O
.	O


The	O
television	O
element	O
of	O
``	O
La	B-WORK_OF_ART
Familia	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
includes	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
two	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
minute	I-TIME
informational	O
features	O
to	O
air	O
seven	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
a	O
week	O
on	O
the	O
Spanish	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
language	O
Univision	B-ORG
network	O
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
Univision	B-ORG
Holdings	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
80%-owned	B-PERCENT
by	O
Hallmark	B-ORG
Cards	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
features	O
will	O
focus	O
on	O
``	O
parenting	O
,	O
family	O
health	O
and	O
nutrition	O
,	O
and	O
financial	O
management	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
will	O
carry	O
30	B-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
of	O
advertising	O
.	O


The	O
magazines	O
,	O
also	O
ad	O
-	O
supported	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
distributed	O
in	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10,000	I-CARDINAL
doctors	O
'	O
offices	O
,	O
clinics	O
,	O
and	O
health	O
centers	O
in	O
Hispanic	B-NORP
and	O
largely	O
Hispanic	B-NORP
communities	O
.	O


WEIRTON	B-ORG
STEEL	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
completed	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
sale	O
of	O
10	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
notes	O
,	O
the	O
final	O
step	O
in	O
the	O
1984	B-DATE
buy	O
-	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
from	O
National	B-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
10	B-PERCENT
7/8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
notes	O
were	O
priced	O
at	O
99.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
yield	O
10.958	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
an	O
offering	O
managed	O
by	O
Bear	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Stearns	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Shearson	B-ORG
Lehman	I-ORG
Hutton	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
Lazard	B-ORG
Freres	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
company	O
said	O
.	O


Weirton	B-ORG
,	O
of	O
Weirton	B-GPE
,	O
W.	B-GPE
Va.	I-GPE
,	O
said	O
$	B-MONEY
60.3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
the	O
proceeds	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
prepay	O
the	O
remaining	O
amounts	O
on	O
the	O
note	O
outstanding	O
to	O
National	B-ORG
Intergroup	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
parent	O
of	O
National	B-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
.	O


Remaining	O
proceeds	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
pay	O
other	O
debt	O
and	O
to	O
finance	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
capital	O
spending	O
program	O
.	O


Lep	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
of	O
Britain	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
holds	O
a	O
62.42	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
Profit	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
it	O
is	O
considering	O
courses	O
of	O
action	O
that	O
could	O
result	O
in	O
its	O
having	O
``	O
active	O
control	O
''	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
filing	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
Lep	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
said	O
a	O
possible	O
course	O
of	O
action	O
may	O
include	O
acquiring	O
some	O
or	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
Profit	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
shares	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
already	O
own	O
.	O


It	O
noted	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
n't	O
determined	O
any	O
specific	O
terms	O
of	O
a	O
possible	O
transaction	O
.	O


Lep	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
and	O
affiliates	O
currently	O
control	O
3,513,072	B-CARDINAL
Profit	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
common	O
shares	O
,	O
or	O
62.42	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
the	O
filing	O
said	O
.	O


Profit	B-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
,	O
Valley	B-GPE
Stream	I-GPE
,	O
N.Y.	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
an	O
air	O
freight	O
forwarding	O
concern	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
official	O
reserve	O
assets	O
rose	O
$	B-MONEY
6.05	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
68.42	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
the	B-ORG
Treasury	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
gain	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
1.10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
decline	O
in	O
reserve	O
assets	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
to	O
$	B-MONEY
62.36	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
the	O
department	O
said	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
reserve	O
assets	O
consist	O
of	O
foreign	O
currencies	O
,	O
gold	O
,	O
special	O
drawing	O
rights	O
at	O
the	O
International	O
Monetary	O
Fund	O
and	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
reserve	O
position	O
--	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
draw	O
foreign	O
currencies	O
--	O
at	O
the	O
IMF	O
.	O


The	O
nation	O
's	O
holdings	O
of	O
foreign	O
currencies	O
increased	O
$	B-MONEY
5.67	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
September	B-DATE
to	O
$	B-MONEY
39.08	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
while	O
its	O
gold	O
reserves	O
were	O
virtually	O
unchanged	O
at	O
$	B-MONEY
11.07	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
holdings	O
of	O
IMF	O
special	O
drawing	O
rights	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
rose	O
$	B-MONEY
247	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
9.49	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
its	O
reserve	O
position	O
at	O
the	O
IMF	O
increased	O
$	B-MONEY
142	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
8.79	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


Alusuisse	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
plans	O
to	O
sell	O
its	O
Consolidated	B-ORG
Aluminum	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
subsidiary	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
strategy	O
to	O
focus	O
more	O
on	O
aluminum	O
packaging	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


Alusuisse	B-ORG
,	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
declined	O
to	O
say	O
how	O
much	O
it	O
expects	O
to	O
get	O
for	O
the	O
unit	O
;	O
the	O
company	O
has	O
hired	O
First	B-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
to	O
help	O
identify	O
bidders	O
.	O


Alusuisse	B-ORG
is	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Swiss	B-ORG
Aluminium	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Zurich	B-GPE
,	O
Switzerland	B-GPE
,	O
producer	O
of	O
aluminum	O
,	O
chemicals	O
and	O
packaging	O
products	O
.	O


Consolidated	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
had	O
1988	B-DATE
revenue	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
,	O
makes	O
aluminum	O
sheet	O
and	O
foil	O
products	O
at	O
its	O
Hannibal	B-GPE
,	O
Ohio	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Jackson	B-GPE
,	O
Tenn.	B-GPE
,	O
rolling	O
mills	O
and	O
recycles	O
aluminum	O
at	O
a	O
plant	O
in	O
Bens	B-GPE
Run	I-GPE
,	O
W.Va	B-GPE
.	O


Manhattan	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
Michael	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Conway	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
,	O
was	O
elected	O
chief	O
executive	O
of	O
the	O
holding	O
company	O
's	O
two	B-CARDINAL
principal	O
insurance	O
subsidiaries	O
.	O


He	O
succeeds	O
Paul	B-PERSON
P.	I-PERSON
Aniskovich	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
resigned	O
to	O
pursue	O
other	O
business	O
interests	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
said	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Conway	B-PERSON
,	O
42	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
was	O
elected	O
chairman	O
,	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
of	O
Manhattan	B-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
executive	O
of	O
Manhattan	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


Harry	B-PERSON
Rossi	I-PERSON
,	O
69	B-CARDINAL
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
holding	O
company	O
,	O
also	O
remains	O
chairman	O
of	O
Manhattan	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Conway	B-PERSON
was	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
investment	O
officer	O
of	O
Union	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
of	O
Cincinnati	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
Union	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
bought	O
a	O
54	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
interest	O
in	O
Manhattan	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
resigned	O
as	O
an	O
officer	O
of	O
Central	B-ORG
Life	I-ORG
to	O
accept	O
the	O
Manhattan	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
presidency	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Food	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Drug	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
said	O
American	B-ORG
Home	I-ORG
Products	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
agreed	O
to	O
recall	O
certain	O
generic	O
drugs	O
that	O
were	O
produced	O
by	O
its	O
Quantum	B-ORG
Pharmics	I-ORG
unit	O
in	O
Amityville	B-GPE
,	O
N.Y	B-GPE
.	O


Quantum	B-ORG
stopped	O
shipping	O
the	O
drugs	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
following	O
a	O
federal	O
investigation	O
regarding	O
information	O
the	O
company	O
supplied	O
to	O
obtain	O
three	O
drug	O
approvals	O
.	O


The	O
FDA	B-ORG
requested	O
the	O
recall	O
of	O
Quantum	B-ORG
's	O
mioxidil	O
tablets	O
,	O
chlorazepate	O
dipotassium	O
tablets	O
and	O
meclofenamate	O
sodium	O
capsules	O
because	O
,	O
it	O
said	O
,	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
production	O
runs	O
submitted	O
for	O
testing	O
to	O
gain	O
FDA	B-ORG
approval	O
was	O
in	O
each	O
case	O
misrepresented	O
as	O
much	O
larger	O
than	O
it	O
actually	O
was	O
.	O


American	B-ORG
Home	I-ORG
Products	I-ORG
,	O
based	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
agreed	O
to	O
recall	O
four	B-CARDINAL
other	O
products	O
,	O
trazadone	O
,	O
doxepin	O
,	O
diazepam	O
and	O
lorazapam	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
concerns	O
about	O
data	O
submitted	O
in	O
their	O
original	O
approval	O
applications	O
before	O
the	O
FDA	B-ORG
.	O


No	O
safety	O
problems	O
with	O
the	O
products	O
are	O
known	O
,	O
the	O
FDA	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


An	O
FDA	B-ORG
spokesperson	O
said	O
the	O
drugs	O
are	O
still	O
available	O
under	O
other	O
brand	O
names	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
American	B-ORG
Home	I-ORG
Products	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
was	O
suspending	O
production	O
and	O
distribution	O
of	O
all	O
21	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Quantum	B-ORG
's	O
generic	O
drug	O
products	O
pending	O
the	O
completion	O
of	O
an	O
exhaustive	O
internal	O
audit	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
temporarily	O
closed	O
Quantum	B-ORG
,	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
internal	O
investigation	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
FDA	B-ORG
's	O
ongoing	O
inquiry	O
.	O


In	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
composite	O
trading	O
,	O
American	B-ORG
Home	I-ORG
Products	I-ORG
rose	O
75	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
to	O
$	O
105	B-MONEY
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


Four	B-CARDINAL
former	O
Cordis	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
officials	O
were	O
acquitted	O
of	O
federal	O
charges	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
Miami	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
company	O
's	O
sale	O
of	O
pacemakers	O
,	O
including	O
conspiracy	O
to	O
hide	O
pacemaker	O
defects	O
.	O


Jurors	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
District	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
in	O
Miami	B-GPE
cleared	O
Harold	B-PERSON
Hershhenson	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
;	O
John	B-PERSON
Pagones	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
vice	O
president	O
;	O
and	O
Stephen	B-PERSON
Vadas	I-PERSON
and	O
Dean	B-PERSON
Ciporkin	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
engineers	O
with	O
Cordis	B-ORG
.	O


Earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Cordis	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
maker	O
of	O
medical	O
devices	O
,	O
agreed	O
to	O
plead	O
guilty	O
to	O
felony	O
and	O
misdemeanor	O
charges	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
pacemakers	O
and	O
to	O
pay	O
the	O
government	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
5.7	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
fines	O
and	O
other	O
costs	O
.	O


Cordis	B-ORG
sold	O
its	O
pacemaker	O
operations	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
to	O
Telectronics	B-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
of	O
Australia	B-GPE
.	O


PAPERS	O
:	O


Management	O
and	O
unions	O
representing	O
2,400	B-CARDINAL
employees	O
at	O
Torstar	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Toronto	B-ORG
Star	I-ORG
reached	O
a	O
tentative	O
contract	O
agreement	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
averting	O
a	O
strike	O
by	O
most	O
employees	O
of	O
Canada	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
daily	B-DATE
newspaper	O
.	O


Members	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
union	O
,	O
representing	O
1,700	B-CARDINAL
workers	O
,	O
voted	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
the	O
pact	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


Four	B-CARDINAL
other	O
unions	O
have	O
yet	O
to	O
vote	O
,	O
but	O
their	O
leadership	O
also	O
recommended	O
approval	O
.	O


The	O
pact	O
proposes	O
a	O
2	B-DATE
1/2	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
contract	O
with	O
a	O
raise	O
of	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
and	O
4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
the	B-DATE
final	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


LEBANESE	B-NORP
LAWMAKERS	O
APPROVED	O
a	O
peace	O
plan	O
but	O
Aoun	B-PERSON
rejected	O
it	O
.	O


Lebanon	B-GPE
's	O
Parliament	B-ORG
passed	O
the	O
power	O
-	O
sharing	O
accord	O
to	O
end	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
14	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
conflict	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Christian	B-NORP
military	O
leader	O
wad	O
the	O
plan	O
was	O
``	O
full	O
of	O
ambiguities	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Arab	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
-	O
sponsored	O
pact	O
,	O
drafted	O
during	O
three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
talks	O
at	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
Arabian	I-NORP
resort	O
of	O
Taif	B-GPE
,	O
includes	O
Syrian	B-NORP
proposals	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
a	O
partial	O
troop	O
pullout	O
from	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
guarantees	O
an	O
equal	O
number	O
of	O
seats	O
for	O
Moslems	B-NORP
and	O
Christians	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
Parliament	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
rejection	O
by	O
Aoun	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
demanded	O
a	O
total	O
and	O
immediate	O
pull	O
-	O
out	O
of	O
Damascus	B-GPE
's	O
33,000	B-CARDINAL
troops	O
,	O
puts	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
the	O
agreement	O
in	O
doubt	O
.	O


NORTHERN	O
CALIFORNIA	B-GPE
BRACED	O
for	O
earthquake	O
-	O
related	O
traffic	O
jams	O
.	O


As	O
rescuers	O
pressed	O
their	O
efforts	O
after	O
finding	O
a	O
survivor	O
in	O
a	O
collapsed	O
freeway	O
,	O
the	O
San	B-LOC
Francisco	I-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
area	O
girded	O
for	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
commuters	O
seeking	O
to	O
avoid	O
routes	O
ravaged	O
by	O
last	B-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
tremor	O
.	O


In	O
Oakland	B-GPE
,	O
officials	O
said	O
the	O
57	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
longshoreman	O
who	O
spent	O
four	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
entombed	O
in	O
rubble	O
was	O
in	O
critical	O
condition	O
with	O
slight	O
improvement	O
.	O


Estimates	O
of	O
damage	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
,	O
visited	O
Friday	B-DATE
by	O
Bush	B-PERSON
,	O
topped	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
baseball	O
commissioner	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
game	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Series	I-EVENT
between	O
the	O
Giants	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
Athletics	B-ORG
would	O
n't	O
resume	O
until	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


THE	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O
IS	O
REQUIRED	O
to	O
notify	O
foreign	O
dictators	O
of	O
certain	O
coup	O
plans	O
.	O


Under	O
guidelines	O
included	O
in	O
an	O
exchange	O
of	O
letters	O
between	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
administration	O
and	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
panel	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
must	O
inform	O
foreign	O
dictators	O
of	O
plans	O
likely	O
to	O
endanger	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


The	O
existence	O
of	O
the	O
policy	O
became	O
known	O
after	O
Bush	B-PERSON
disclosed	O
it	O
to	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
GOP	B-ORG
senators	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
citing	O
the	O
plan	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
congressional	O
requirements	O
the	O
administration	O
contends	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
failure	O
of	O
covert	O
actions	O
,	O
officials	O
said	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
conceded	O
that	O
the	O
requirement	O
did	O
n't	O
affect	O
a	O
decision	O
to	O
lend	O
only	O
minor	O
support	O
to	O
this	O
month	B-DATE
's	O
failed	O
effort	O
to	O
oust	O
Panama	B-GPE
's	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
,	O
aides	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
shuttle	O
Atlantis	B-PRODUCT
's	O
crew	O
prepared	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
Earth	B-LOC
today	O
several	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
earlier	O
than	O
planned	O
to	O
avoid	O
high	O
winds	O
forecast	O
at	O
the	O
landing	O
site	O
at	O
Edwards	O
Air	O
Force	O
Base	O
,	O
Calif	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
five	B-CARDINAL
astronauts	O
,	O
who	O
stowed	O
gear	O
and	O
tested	O
the	O
spacecraft	O
's	O
steering	O
,	O
said	O
they	O
were	O
unconcerned	O
about	O
the	O
touchy	O
weather	O
expected	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Mojave	I-LOC
Desert	I-LOC
.	O


Commonwealth	B-ORG
leaders	O
issued	O
a	O
declaration	O
giving	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
to	O
deliver	O
on	O
pledges	O
to	O
ease	O
apartheid	O
or	O
face	O
new	O
reprisals	O
.	O


The	O
49	B-CARDINAL
-	O
nation	O
organization	O
,	O
meeting	O
in	O
Malaysia	B-GPE
,	O
called	O
for	O
tighter	O
financial	O
pressure	O
immediately	O
.	O


Britain	B-GPE
's	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
alone	O
dissented	O
.	O


East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
leadership	O
vowed	O
swift	O
action	O
to	O
ease	O
travel	O
to	O
the	O
West	O
.	O


Despite	O
the	O
pledge	O
by	O
the	O
Communist	B-NORP
rulers	O
,	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
staged	O
marches	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
to	O
demand	O
democratic	O
freedoms	O
.	O


In	O
Leipzig	B-GPE
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
500	I-CARDINAL
people	O
met	O
with	O
local	O
party	O
officials	O
to	O
discuss	O
internal	O
changes	O
.	O


The	O
Senate	B-ORG
convicted	O
federal	O
Judge	O
Alcee	B-PERSON
Hastings	I-PERSON
of	O
Miami	B-GPE
of	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
impeachment	O
articles	O
,	O
removing	O
him	O
from	O
the	O
bench	O
.	O


The	O
chamber	O
voted	O
69	B-CARDINAL
-	O
26	O
Friday	B-DATE
to	O
convict	O
the	O
judge	O
of	O
perjury	O
and	O
bribery	O
conspiracy	O
.	O


It	O
marked	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
a	O
U.S.	B-GPE
official	O
was	O
impeached	O
on	O
charges	O
of	O
which	O
a	O
jury	O
had	O
acquitted	O
him	O
.	O


Rep.	O
Garcia	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
wife	O
were	O
found	O
guilty	O
by	O
a	O
federal	O
jury	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
of	O
extorting	O
$	O
76,000	B-MONEY
from	O
Wedtech	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
in	O
return	O
for	O
official	O
acts	O
by	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
Democrat	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
jury	O
also	O
convicted	O
them	O
of	O
extortion	O
in	O
obtaining	O
a	O
$	O
20,000	B-MONEY
interest	O
-	O
free	O
loan	O
from	O
an	O
officer	O
of	O
the	O
defunct	O
defense	O
contractor	O
.	O


Authorities	O
in	O
Honduras	B-GPE
launched	O
an	O
investigation	O
into	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
Saturday	B-DATE
's	O
crash	O
of	O
a	O
Honduran	B-NORP
jetliner	O
that	O
killed	O
132	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
146	B-CARDINAL
people	O
aboard	O
.	O


The	O
Boeing	B-ORG
727	B-PRODUCT
,	O
en	O
route	O
to	O
Honduras	B-GPE
from	O
Costa	B-GPE
Rica	I-GPE
via	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
,	O
smashed	O
into	O
the	O
hills	O
outside	O
Tegucigalpa	B-GPE
as	O
it	O
approached	O
the	O
capital	B-GPE
's	O
airport	O
in	O
high	O
winds	O
and	O
low	O
clouds	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Israel	B-GPE
have	O
been	O
holding	O
what	O
an	O
aide	O
to	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Shamir	B-PERSON
called	O
intense	O
telephone	O
negotiations	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
bridge	O
differences	O
over	O
Mideast	B-LOC
peace	O
moves	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Labor	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
threatened	O
to	O
support	O
a	O
parliamentary	O
motion	O
to	O
topple	O
the	O
coalition	O
unless	O
Shamir	B-PERSON
showed	O
flexibility	O
on	O
Arab	B-NORP
-	O
Israeli	O
talks	O
.	O


Nicaragua	B-GPE
's	O
Defense	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
said	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
Contra	B-NORP
rebels	O
ambushed	O
two	B-CARDINAL
trucks	O
carrying	O
troops	O
in	O
northern	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
,	O
killing	O
18	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
soldiers	O
.	O


The	O
incident	O
occurred	O
Saturday	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
.	O


The	O
Sandinista	B-NORP
government	O
and	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
backed	O
insurgents	O
agreed	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
to	O
suspend	O
offensive	O
operations	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
sporadic	O
fighting	O
.	O


Scientists	O
have	O
isolated	O
a	O
molecule	O
that	O
may	O
hold	O
potential	O
as	O
a	O
treatment	O
for	O
disruptions	O
of	O
the	O
immune	O
system	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
organ	O
-	O
transplant	O
rejection	O
,	O
to	O
allergies	O
and	O
asthma	O
,	O
Immunex	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
molecule	O
is	O
the	O
mouse	O
version	O
of	O
a	O
protein	O
called	O
the	O
interleukin	O
-	O
4	O
receptor	O
,	O
which	O
directs	O
the	O
growth	O
and	O
function	O
of	O
white	O
blood	O
cells	O
.	O


Died	O
:	O
Alfred	B-PERSON
Hayes	I-PERSON
,	O
79	B-DATE
,	O
former	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Reserve	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
,	O
Saturday	B-DATE
,	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Canaan	I-GPE
,	O
Conn	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
,	O
where	O
humor	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
express	O
political	O
criticism	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
laughing	O
about	O
their	O
new	O
leader	O
Egon	B-PERSON
Krenz	I-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
is	O
such	O
a	O
contradictory	O
figure	O
that	O
nobody	O
has	O
even	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
any	O
good	O
jokes	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
have	O
to	O
have	O
clear	O
feelings	O
about	O
someone	O
before	O
you	O
can	O
make	O
jokes	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
an	O
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
mother	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
who	O
loves	O
swapping	O
political	O
barbs	O
with	O
her	O
friends	O
.	O


``	O
With	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
,	O
we	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
to	O
expect	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
knee	O
-	O
jerk	O
hardliner	O
many	O
initially	O
thought	O
he	O
was	O
when	O
the	O
52	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Politburo	B-ORG
member	O
was	O
selected	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
to	O
succeed	O
Erich	B-PERSON
Honecker	I-PERSON
.	O


But	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
ready	O
to	O
make	O
broad	O
changes	O
either	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
ADN	B-ORG
news	O
agency	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
spoke	O
to	O
Soviet	B-NORP
leader	O
Mikhail	B-PERSON
Gorbachev	I-PERSON
by	O
telephone	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
and	O
acknowledged	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
could	O
learn	O
from	O
Moscow	B-GPE
's	O
glasnost	O
policies	O
.	O


Already	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
started	O
overhauling	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
heavily	O
censored	O
and	O
notoriously	O
boring	O
news	O
media	O
.	O


On	O
Thursday	B-DATE
,	O
a	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
after	O
he	O
took	O
office	O
,	O
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
television	O
broke	O
into	O
regular	O
programming	O
to	O
launch	O
a	O
talk	O
show	O
in	O
which	O
viewers	O
call	O
in	O
questions	O
for	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
officials	O
to	O
answer	O
.	O


The	O
regular	O
nightly	B-DATE
news	O
program	O
and	O
daily	B-DATE
newspapers	O
are	O
also	O
getting	O
a	O
visible	O
injection	O
of	O
Soviet	B-NORP
-	O
style	O
glasnost	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
was	O
quite	O
a	O
shock	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
a	O
43	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
shopkeeper	O
.	O


``	O
For	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
my	O
life	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
n't	O
sure	O
whether	O
I	O
was	O
listening	O
to	O
our	O
news	O
or	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
television	O
.	O
''	O


Other	O
changes	O
,	O
including	O
easing	O
restrictions	O
on	O
travel	O
for	O
East	B-NORP
Germans	I-NORP
,	O
are	O
expected	O
.	O


But	O
whether	O
such	O
moves	O
can	O
win	O
back	O
the	O
confidence	O
of	O
East	B-NORP
Germans	I-NORP
,	O
who	O
have	O
taken	O
to	O
the	O
streets	O
by	O
the	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
in	O
recent	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
to	O
demand	O
democratic	O
changes	O
,	O
depends	O
largely	O
on	O
whether	O
they	O
feel	O
they	O
can	O
trust	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
problem	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
is	O
not	O
only	O
closely	O
identified	O
with	O
his	O
mentor	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
also	O
blamed	O
for	O
ordering	O
violent	O
police	O
action	O
against	O
protesters	O
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
and	O
for	O
praising	O
China	B-GPE
for	O
sending	O
tanks	O
against	O
student	O
demonstrators	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
hope	O
he	O
grows	O
with	O
the	O
job	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Rainer	B-PERSON
Eppelmann	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Protestant	B-NORP
pastor	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
.	O


``	O
The	O
most	O
important	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
he	O
have	O
a	O
chance	O
.	O
''	O


Although	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
is	O
dedicated	O
to	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
conservative	O
vein	O
of	O
communism	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
much	O
about	O
his	O
style	O
that	O
sets	O
him	O
apart	O
from	O
his	O
party	O
comrades	O
.	O


Unlike	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
tended	O
to	O
lecture	O
people	O
about	O
socialist	O
values	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
enjoys	O
asking	O
questions	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
actions	O
as	O
leader	O
was	O
to	O
visit	O
a	O
gritty	O
machine	O
factory	O
on	O
the	O
outskirts	O
of	O
Berlin	B-GPE
and	O
wander	O
among	O
the	O
workers	O
--	O
a	O
la	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
was	O
later	O
shown	O
on	O
television	O
,	O
fielding	O
questions	O
.	O


At	O
one	B-CARDINAL
point	O
,	O
he	O
asked	O
a	O
worker	O
whether	O
he	O
thought	O
East	B-NORP
Germans	I-NORP
were	O
fleeing	O
the	O
country	O
because	O
of	O
restrictive	O
travel	O
policies	O
.	O


The	O
worker	O
's	O
tart	O
reply	O
:	O
``	O
It	O
's	O
more	O
than	O
just	O
travel	O
.	O


People	O
have	O
a	O
sense	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
ignoring	O
the	O
real	O
problems	O
in	O
our	O
society	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
exchange	O
was	O
all	O
the	O
more	O
remarkable	O
in	O
that	O
authorities	O
released	O
television	O
footage	O
to	O
Western	O
news	O
agencies	O
.	O


This	O
same	O
tendency	O
toward	O
openness	O
impressed	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
visiting	O
U.S.	B-GPE
congressmen	O
this	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
.	O


Rather	O
than	O
trying	O
to	O
``	O
lecture	O
us	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
congressional	O
aide	O
who	O
attended	O
the	O
two	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
meeting	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
``	O
wanted	O
to	O
listen	O
.	O
''	O


Rep.	O
Ronnie	B-PERSON
Flippo	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Ala.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
delegation	O
,	O
says	O
he	O
was	O
particularly	O
impressed	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
's	O
ready	O
admission	O
that	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
needed	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


``	O
He	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
tough	O
man	O
,	O
but	O
one	O
who	O
's	O
also	O
open	O
to	O
arguments	O
,	O
''	O
adds	O
an	O
aide	O
to	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
Chancellor	O
Helmut	B-PERSON
Kohl	I-PERSON
.	O


But	O
there	O
's	O
another	O
side	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
.	O


Born	O
in	O
a	O
Baltic	B-NORP
town	O
in	O
an	O
area	O
which	O
is	O
now	O
part	O
of	O
Poland	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
has	O
dedicated	O
his	O
life	O
to	O
the	O
party	O
apparatus	O
.	O


He	O
moved	O
quickly	O
through	O
the	O
ranks	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
his	O
patron	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
emerged	O
as	O
the	O
heir	O
apparent	O
.	O


Barbara	B-PERSON
Donovan	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
expert	O
on	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
at	O
Radio	B-ORG
Free	I-ORG
Europe	I-ORG
in	O
Munich	B-GPE
,	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
may	O
project	O
a	O
smooth	O
image	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
doubts	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
true	O
reformer	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
he	O
is	O
,	O
she	O
adds	O
,	O
he	O
appears	O
to	O
have	O
only	O
limited	O
room	O
for	O
maneuver	O
within	O
the	B-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
ruling	O
Politburo	B-ORG
.	O


Against	O
this	O
background	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
leader	O
must	O
move	O
quickly	O
to	O
shore	O
up	O
his	O
government	O
's	O
standing	O
.	O


The	O
sudden	O
growth	O
of	O
the	O
opposition	O
movement	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
steady	O
outflow	O
of	O
citizens	O
escaping	O
through	O
Poland	B-GPE
and	O
Hungary	B-GPE
,	O
has	O
plunged	O
the	O
country	O
into	O
its	O
deepest	O
political	O
crisis	O
since	O
an	O
anti-Soviet	B-NORP
workers	O
'	O
uprising	O
in	O
1953	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
He	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
honeymoon	O
period	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
a	O
Western	O
diplomat	O
based	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
.	O


``	O
But	O
if	O
he	O
's	O
sharp	O
and	O
quick	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
a	O
chance	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
diplomat	O
adds	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
has	O
several	O
things	O
going	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
economy	O
is	O
strong	O
compared	O
with	O
other	O
East	B-LOC
bloc	I-LOC
nations	O
.	O


And	O
his	O
relative	O
youth	O
could	O
help	O
him	O
project	O
a	O
more	O
vibrant	O
image	O
,	O
contrasting	O
with	O
the	O
perception	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
as	O
an	O
out	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
touch	O
old	O
man	O
.	O


For	O
average	O
East	B-NORP
Germans	I-NORP
,	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
remains	O
a	O
puzzle	O
.	O


``	O
Either	O
he	O
was	O
n't	O
being	O
real	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
or	O
he	O
is	O
n't	O
being	O
real	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
a	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
doctor	O
.	O


``	O
Either	O
way	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
problem	O
with	O
how	O
quickly	O
he	O
's	O
changed	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
doctor	O
was	O
among	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
milling	O
through	O
East	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Gethsemane	B-ORG
Church	I-ORG
Saturday	B-DATE
morning	B-TIME
.	O


The	O
walls	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
are	O
covered	O
with	O
leaflets	O
,	O
news	O
clippings	O
,	O
and	O
handwritten	O
notes	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
political	O
opposition	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
come	O
here	O
to	O
read	O
the	O
walls	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
the	O
doctor	O
,	O
``	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
information	O
I	O
still	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
through	O
the	O
newspapers	O
.	O
''	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
growing	O
openness	O
may	O
even	O
allow	O
the	O
state	O
-	O
controlled	O
news	O
media	O
to	O
display	O
a	O
muted	O
sense	O
of	O
humor	O
.	O


Television	O
last	O
week	O
carried	O
a	O
new	O
report	O
on	O
East	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
main	O
wallpaper	O
factory	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
boost	O
production	O
.	O


East	B-NORP
Germans	I-NORP
remember	O
a	O
comment	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
by	O
Kurt	B-PERSON
Hager	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
top	O
ideologist	O
,	O
that	O
just	O
because	O
a	O
neighbor	O
hangs	O
new	O
wallpaper	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
reason	O
to	O
change	O
your	O
own	O
.	O


His	O
point	O
was	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
reason	O
for	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
to	O
copy	O
Soviet	B-NORP
-	O
style	O
changes	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
know	O
whether	O
it	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
funny	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
the	O
East	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
shopkeeper	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
everyone	O
I	O
know	O
laughed	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
list	O
of	O
laboratories	O
claiming	O
to	O
be	O
producing	O
inexplicable	O
amounts	O
of	O
heat	O
from	O
``	O
cold	O
fusion	O
''	O
experiments	O
is	O
slowly	O
growing	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
experiments	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
plagued	O
by	O
lack	O
of	O
firm	O
evidence	O
that	O
the	O
extra	O
heat	O
is	O
coming	O
from	O
the	O
fusing	O
of	O
hydrogen	O
atoms	O
.	O


New	O
experiments	O
at	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
big	O
national	O
laboratories	O
are	O
still	O
unable	O
to	O
find	O
hints	O
of	O
nuclear	O
fusion	O
reactions	O
,	O
leaving	O
only	O
the	O
finding	O
of	O
tritium	O
in	O
a	O
Texas	B-GPE
experiment	O
to	O
support	O
University	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Utah	I-ORG
chemists	O
'	O
claim	O
of	O
achieving	O
hydrogen	O
fusion	O
at	O
room	O
temperatures	O
.	O


The	O
latest	O
developments	O
in	O
cold	O
fusion	O
research	O
were	O
presented	O
in	O
24	B-CARDINAL
reports	O
delivered	O
at	O
the	O
fall	B-DATE
meeting	O
here	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Electrochemical	I-ORG
Society	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
first	O
scientific	O
meeting	O
in	O
five	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
to	O
hear	O
formal	O
reports	O
on	O
cold	O
fusion	O
experiments	O
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
offered	O
stark	O
evidence	O
of	O
a	O
dramatic	O
fall	O
in	O
scientific	O
interest	O
in	O
cold	O
fusion	O
research	O
.	O


Of	O
the	O
1,300	B-CARDINAL
chemists	O
registered	O
for	O
the	O
society	O
's	O
weeklong	O
meeting	O
,	O
fewer	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
sat	O
through	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	O
cold	O
fusion	O
presentations	O
at	O
week	B-DATE
's	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
was	O
in	O
contrast	O
with	O
the	O
society	O
's	O
meeting	O
last	B-DATE
May	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
the	O
height	O
of	O
the	O
controversy	O
,	O
when	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
1,500	I-CARDINAL
scientists	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
scores	O
of	O
reporters	O
and	O
TV	O
crews	O
,	O
crowded	O
into	O
a	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
hotel	O
ballroom	O
for	O
a	O
tumultuous	O
special	O
night	B-TIME
session	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
.	O


Neither	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
chemists	O
whose	O
Utah	B-GPE
experiments	O
triggered	O
the	O
cold	O
fusion	O
uproar	O
,	O
Martin	B-PERSON
Fleischmann	I-PERSON
and	O
B.	B-PERSON
Stanley	I-PERSON
Pons	I-PERSON
,	O
were	O
at	O
the	O
meeting	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
members	O
of	O
an	O
ad	O
hoc	O
expert	O
committee	O
set	O
up	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Energy	I-ORG
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
cold	O
fusion	O
research	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
audience	O
.	O


The	O
committee	O
is	O
to	O
recommend	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
whether	O
DOE	B-ORG
should	O
support	O
cold	O
fusion	O
research	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
scientists	O
taking	O
the	O
podium	O
reported	O
results	O
with	O
new	O
,	O
more	O
sophisticated	O
variations	O
of	O
the	O
seemingly	O
simple	O
electrolysis	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
water	O
experiments	O
described	O
last	B-DATE
March	I-DATE
by	O
Messrs.	O
Fleischmann	B-PERSON
and	O
Pons	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
experiments	O
involve	O
encircling	O
a	O
thin	O
rod	O
of	O
palladium	O
metal	O
with	O
a	O
wire	O
of	O
platinum	O
and	O
plunging	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
electrodes	O
into	O
``	O
heavy	O
''	O
water	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
hydrogen	O
atoms	O
are	O
a	O
doubly	O
heavy	O
form	O
known	O
as	O
deuterium	O
.	O


When	O
an	O
electric	O
current	O
is	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
palladium	O
and	O
platinum	O
electrodes	O
,	O
the	O
heavy	O
water	O
did	O
begin	O
to	O
break	O
up	O
,	O
or	O
dissociate	O
.	O


Ordinarily	O
the	O
electrolysis	O
,	O
or	O
breakup	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
water	O
would	O
consume	O
almost	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
electrical	O
energy	O
.	O


But	O
Messrs.	O
Fleischmann	B-PERSON
and	O
Pons	B-PERSON
said	O
their	O
experiments	O
also	O
produced	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
heat	O
.	O


The	O
heat	O
energy	O
plus	O
the	O
energy	O
consumed	O
by	O
the	O
breakup	O
of	O
the	O
water	O
molecules	O
added	O
to	O
far	O
more	O
energy	O
coming	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
apparatus	O
than	O
electrical	O
energy	O
going	O
in	O
,	O
they	O
reported	O
.	O


Because	O
they	O
also	O
detected	O
tritium	O
and	O
indications	O
of	O
nuclear	O
radiation	O
,	O
they	O
asserted	O
that	O
the	O
``	O
excess	O
''	O
heat	O
energy	O
must	O
be	O
coming	O
from	O
energy	O
released	O
by	O
the	O
nuclear	O
fusion	O
of	O
deuterium	O
atoms	O
inside	O
the	O
palladium	O
rod	O
.	O


As	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
dozen	B-CARDINAL
labs	O
also	O
have	O
reported	O
measuring	O
``	O
excess	O
''	O
heat	O
from	O
similar	O
electrolytic	O
experiments	O
,	O
although	O
amounts	O
of	O
such	O
heat	O
vary	O
widely	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
reports	O
presented	O
here	O
of	O
excess	O
heat	O
production	O
was	O
given	O
by	O
Richard	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Oriani	I-PERSON
,	O
professor	O
of	O
chemical	O
engineering	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Minnesota	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Oriani	B-PERSON
said	O
his	O
skepticism	O
of	O
the	O
Utah	B-GPE
claims	O
was	O
initially	O
confirmed	O
when	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
experiments	O
last	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
failed	O
to	O
produce	O
results	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
then	O
borrowed	O
a	O
palladium	O
rod	O
from	O
chemists	O
at	O
Texas	B-ORG
A&M	I-ORG
who	O
said	O
they	O
were	O
getting	O
excess	O
heat	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
results	O
were	O
fascinating	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
``	O
run	O
''	O
with	O
the	O
borrowed	O
rod	O
,	O
the	O
experiment	O
began	O
producing	O
excess	O
heat	O
.	O


The	O
experiment	O
was	O
stopped	O
briefly	O
to	O
change	O
an	O
instrument	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
was	O
restarted	O
,	O
heat	O
output	O
``	O
really	O
took	O
off	O
''	O
and	O
produced	O
excess	O
heat	O
for	O
several	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
before	O
dying	O
down	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Typical	O
of	O
other	O
experiments	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Oriani	B-PERSON
said	O
his	O
experiment	O
was	O
``	O
very	O
erratic	O
.	O
''	O


It	O
would	O
go	O
along	O
doing	O
nothing	O
but	O
dissociating	O
the	O
heavy	O
water	O
and	O
then	O
at	O
totally	O
unpredictable	O
times	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
begin	O
producing	O
excess	O
heat	O
for	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
10	B-TIME
or	I-TIME
11	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
before	O
quieting	O
down	O
.	O


The	O
excess	O
heat	O
was	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
20	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
more	O
than	O
the	O
energy	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
electrolysis	O
of	O
water	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Oriani	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
heat	O
bursts	O
were	O
too	O
large	O
and	O
too	O
long	O
to	O
be	O
explained	O
by	O
the	O
sudden	O
release	O
of	O
energy	O
that	O
might	O
have	O
slowly	O
accumulated	O
during	O
the	O
experiments	O
'	O
quiescent	O
times	O
,	O
as	O
some	O
scientists	O
have	O
suggested	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
reality	O
to	O
the	O
excess	O
energy	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Other	O
scientists	O
said	O
they	O
also	O
were	O
getting	O
sporadic	O
bursts	O
of	O
excess	O
heat	O
lasting	O
several	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
at	O
a	O
time	O
.	O


The	O
bursts	O
often	O
occur	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
,	O
after	O
they	O
``	O
perturbed	O
''	O
the	O
experiments	O
by	O
raising	O
or	O
lowering	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
electric	O
current	O
being	O
applied	O
,	O
or	O
switching	O
the	O
current	O
off	O
and	O
on	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
chemist	O
privately	O
suggested	O
this	O
hinted	O
that	O
some	O
``	O
anomalous	O
''	O
chemical	O
reactions	O
might	O
be	O
producing	O
the	O
heat	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
reason	O
questions	O
surround	O
the	O
heat	O
experiments	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
involve	O
unusually	O
meticulous	O
measurements	O
.	O


Typically	O
,	O
the	O
input	O
energy	O
ranges	O
from	O
a	B-QUANTITY
third	I-QUANTITY
of	I-QUANTITY
a	I-QUANTITY
watt	I-QUANTITY
to	O
one	B-QUANTITY
watt	I-QUANTITY
and	O
the	O
excess	O
energy	O
is	O
measured	O
in	O
tenths	B-QUANTITY
of	I-QUANTITY
a	I-QUANTITY
watt	I-QUANTITY
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
exception	O
is	O
a	O
continuing	O
experiment	O
at	O
Stanford	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
where	O
as	B-QUANTITY
much	I-QUANTITY
as	I-QUANTITY
10	I-QUANTITY
watts	I-QUANTITY
of	O
energy	O
are	O
being	O
put	O
into	O
the	O
electrolytic	O
cells	O
.	O


A	O
cell	O
filled	O
with	O
heavy	O
water	O
is	O
producing	O
1.0	B-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
1.5	I-QUANTITY
watts	I-QUANTITY
more	O
heat	O
than	O
an	O
identical	O
electrolytic	O
cell	O
filled	O
with	O
ordinary	O
water	O
next	O
to	O
it	O
,	O
reported	O
Turgut	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Gur	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
associate	O
of	O
materials	O
scientist	O
Robert	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Huggins	I-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
Stanford	B-ORG
experimental	O
team	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
few	O
hints	O
the	O
excess	O
heat	O
might	O
be	O
produced	O
by	O
fusion	O
came	O
from	O
brief	O
remarks	O
by	O
chemist	O
John	B-PERSON
Bockris	I-PERSON
of	O
Texas	B-ORG
A&M	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Bockris	B-PERSON
previously	O
reported	O
getting	O
bursts	O
of	O
excess	O
heat	O
and	O
of	O
detecting	O
increasing	O
amounts	O
of	O
tritium	O
forming	O
in	O
the	O
heavy	O
water	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
within	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
's	O
gotten	O
evidence	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
``	O
weak	O
correlation	O
''	O
between	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
heat	O
bursts	O
occur	O
and	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
tritium	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
n't	O
any	O
way	O
to	O
continuously	O
measure	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
tritium	O
in	O
the	O
heavy	O
water	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
difficult	O
to	O
tell	O
whether	O
the	O
tritium	O
formation	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
heat	O
bursts	O
or	O
some	O
other	O
phenomenon	O
.	O


Increasingly	O
careful	O
attempts	O
to	O
measure	O
neutrons	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
be	O
strong	O
evidence	O
of	O
fusion	O
reactions	O
,	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
negative	O
.	O


Messrs.	O
Fleischmann	B-PERSON
and	O
Pons	B-PERSON
initially	O
reported	O
indirect	O
evidence	O
of	O
neutrons	O
being	O
produced	O
in	O
their	O
experiment	O
but	O
later	O
conceded	O
the	O
measurements	O
were	O
questionable	O
.	O


Researchers	O
at	O
Sandia	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Laboratories	I-ORG
in	O
Albuquerque	B-GPE
,	O
N.M.	B-GPE
,	O
reported	O
they	O
went	O
so	O
far	O
as	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
``	O
cold	O
fusion	O
''	O
experiment	O
and	O
three	B-CARDINAL
neutron	O
detectors	O
into	O
a	O
tunnel	O
under	O
300	B-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
of	O
granite	O
to	O
shield	O
the	O
detectors	O
from	O
cosmic	O
rays	O
.	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
times	O
they	O
detected	O
neutrons	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
,	O
sometimes	O
two	B-CARDINAL
,	O
of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
detectors	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
once	O
during	O
411	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
the	O
experiment	O
did	O
they	O
detect	O
a	O
neutron	O
burst	O
in	O
all	B-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
detectors	O
--	O
and	O
they	O
think	O
that	O
was	O
a	O
spurious	O
event	O
.	O


Shimson	B-PERSON
Gottesfeld	I-PERSON
of	O
Los	B-ORG
Alamos	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Laboratory	I-ORG
said	O
researchers	O
there	O
detected	O
a	O
burst	O
of	O
neutrons	O
from	O
an	O
early	O
cold	O
fusion	O
experiment	O
last	B-DATE
April	I-DATE
but	O
decided	O
not	O
to	O
announce	O
it	O
until	O
they	O
could	O
confirm	O
it	O
.	O


In	O
subsequent	O
experiments	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
neutron	O
detectors	O
occasionally	O
indicated	O
a	O
burst	O
of	O
neutrons	O
but	O
neutron	O
bursts	O
were	O
never	O
recorded	O
in	O
both	O
detectors	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O


They	O
concluded	O
the	O
indications	O
of	O
neutrons	O
stemmed	O
from	O
faults	O
in	O
the	O
detectors	O
rather	O
than	O
from	O
the	O
cold	O
fusion	O
experiment	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-ORG
Lawrence	I-ORG
Berkeley	I-ORG
Laboratory	I-ORG
in	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
new	O
experiments	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
lithium	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
heavy	O
water	O
so	O
it	O
will	O
conduct	O
a	O
current	O
can	O
produce	O
previously	O
unsuspected	O
electrical	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
palladium	O
rod	O
--	O
which	O
Messrs.	O
Fleischmann	B-PERSON
and	O
Pons	B-PERSON
might	O
have	O
misinterpreted	O
,	O
reported	O
Philip	B-PERSON
Ross	I-PERSON
from	O
the	O
California	B-GPE
laboratory	O
.	O


Dow	B-ORG
Jones	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
announced	O
Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
advertising	O
rates	O
for	O
1990	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
rates	O
,	O
which	O
take	O
effect	O
Jan.	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
,	O
include	O
a	O
4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
increase	O
for	O
national	O
edition	O
advertising	O
.	O


The	O
Journal	B-ORG
also	O
will	O
offer	O
expanded	O
volume	O
and	O
frequency	O
discounts	O
.	O


The	O
increase	O
for	O
national	O
edition	O
advertising	O
is	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
inflation	O
rate	O
and	O
compares	O
with	O
a	O
6.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
increase	O
in	O
1989	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
Newsprint	O
and	O
postage	O
prices	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
have	O
not	O
gone	O
up	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Peter	B-PERSON
R.	I-PERSON
Kann	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Dow	B-ORG
Jones	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
We	O
have	O
invested	O
in	O
improved	O
editorial	O
quality	O
and	O
expanded	O
our	O
quality	O
audience	O
without	O
substantially	O
increasing	O
our	O
costs	O
.	O


Fundamental	O
fairness	O
and	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
responsibility	O
lead	O
us	O
to	O
share	O
operating	O
efficiencies	O
with	O
our	O
customers	O
.	O
''	O


Advertising	O
rates	O
for	O
the	O
Eastern	B-NORP
,	O
Midwest	B-LOC
,	O
Western	B-NORP
and	O
Southwest	B-LOC
editions	O
will	O
increase	O
an	O
average	O
5.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
rates	O
for	O
localized	O
advertising	O
editions	O
will	O
increase	O
7.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Rates	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
Reports	I-ORG
will	O
remain	O
unchanged	O
.	O


A	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
time	O
noncontract	O
full	O
-	O
page	O
advertisement	O
in	O
The	O
Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
national	O
edition	O
will	O
cost	O
$	O
99,385	B-MONEY
.	O


Advertising	O
rates	O
for	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
/	I-ORG
Europe	I-ORG
,	O
published	O
in	O
Brussels	B-GPE
and	O
printed	O
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
and	O
Switzerland	B-GPE
,	O
will	O
increase	O
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Rates	O
for	O
The	B-ORG
Asian	I-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
,	O
published	O
and	O
printed	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
also	O
printed	O
in	O
Singapore	B-GPE
and	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
,	O
will	O
rise	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Rates	O
for	O
The	B-ORG
Asian	I-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
Weekly	I-ORG
,	O
published	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
for	O
North	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
readers	O
,	O
will	O
rise	O
6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Dow	B-ORG
Jones	I-ORG
also	O
publishes	O
Barron	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
magazine	O
,	O
other	O
periodicals	O
and	O
community	O
newspapers	O
and	O
operates	O
electronic	O
business	O
information	O
services	O
.	O


It	O
owns	O
67	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Telerate	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
leading	O
supplier	O
of	O
computerized	O
financial	O
information	O
on	O
global	O
markets	O
.	O


Lynch	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
its	O
Lynch	B-ORG
Telephone	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
subsidiary	O
completed	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Western	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Mexico	I-ORG
Telephone	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
for	O
$	B-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
plus	O
assumption	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
24	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
debt	O
.	O


Western	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Mexico	I-ORG
Telephone	I-ORG
,	O
Silver	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
had	O
net	O
income	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1.9	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
on	O
revenue	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
is	O
an	O
independent	O
phone	O
company	O
with	O
a	O
service	O
area	O
of	O
15,000	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
in	O
southwest	O
New	B-GPE
Mexico	I-GPE
.	O


It	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
partner	O
in	O
the	O
wireline	O
cellular	O
franchise	O
covering	O
most	O
of	O
western	O
New	B-GPE
Mexico	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
transaction	O
represents	O
Lynch	B-ORG
's	O
entry	O
into	O
the	O
telephone	O
business	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
interests	O
in	O
television	O
,	O
trucking	O
services	O
,	O
and	O
glass	O
-	O
making	O
and	O
food	O
-	O
processing	O
equipment	O
,	O
said	O
it	O
plans	O
to	O
make	O
other	O
acquisitions	O
in	O
the	O
telephone	O
industry	O
.	O


Nelson	B-PERSON
Bunker	I-PERSON
Hunt	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
attempted	O
corner	O
on	O
silver	O
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
is	O
still	O
haunting	O
the	O
market	O
in	O
this	O
metal	O
.	O


Silver	O
,	O
now	O
trading	O
around	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
an	O
ounce	O
,	O
surged	O
to	O
an	O
all	O
-	O
time	O
peak	O
of	O
$	O
50	B-MONEY
an	O
ounce	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
1980	I-DATE
from	O
around	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
9	I-MONEY
in	O
mid-1979	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
Mr.	O
Hunt	B-PERSON
's	O
attempt	O
to	O
squeeze	O
the	O
silver	O
market	O
10	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
is	O
still	O
indirectly	O
to	O
blame	O
for	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
market	O
depression	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Lesley	B-PERSON
Edgar	I-PERSON
,	O
managing	O
director	O
of	O
Sharps	B-ORG
Pixley	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
London	B-GPE
bullion	O
brokers	O
.	O


While	O
some	B-QUANTITY
100	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
ounces	I-QUANTITY
of	O
silver	O
once	O
held	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Hunt	B-PERSON
and	O
Middle	B-NORP
Eastern	I-NORP
associates	O
are	O
n't	O
hanging	O
over	O
the	O
market	O
anymore	O
,	O
the	O
price	O
surge	O
of	O
1979	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
80	I-DATE
precipitated	O
an	O
expansion	O
of	O
mine	O
production	O
and	O
scrap	O
recovery	O
and	O
encouraged	O
silver	O
consumers	O
to	O
economize	O
on	O
silver	O
use	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Edgar	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Photographic	O
developers	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
bought	O
equipment	O
to	O
recover	O
silver	O
from	O
spent	O
photographs	O
,	O
negatives	O
and	O
processing	O
solutions	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
photographic	O
industry	O
,	O
which	O
accounts	O
for	O
44	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
silver	O
consumption	O
,	O
continues	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
substitutes	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
and	O
U.S.	B-GPE
photographic	O
firms	O
are	O
beginning	O
to	O
produce	O
electronic	O
cameras	O
and	O
X-rays	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
require	O
silver	O
,	O
dealers	O
say	O
.	O


Silver	O
's	O
history	O
of	O
volatility	O
is	O
also	O
discouraging	O
investors	O
,	O
dealers	O
say	O
.	O


Even	O
in	O
the	O
present	O
uncertain	O
investment	O
climate	O
,	O
investors	O
are	O
preferring	O
``	O
quality	O
assets	O
''	O
such	O
as	O
Treasury	B-ORG
bills	O
and	O
bonds	O
to	O
gold	O
,	O
silver	O
and	O
platinum	O
,	O
dealers	O
say	O
.	O


Although	O
prices	O
rallied	O
briefly	O
following	O
the	O
tumble	O
on	O
world	O
stock	O
markets	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
and	O
the	O
related	O
decline	O
of	O
the	O
dollar	O
,	O
precious	O
metals	O
are	O
out	O
of	O
favor	O
for	O
the	O
moment	O
because	O
of	O
high	O
interest	O
rates	O
and	O
a	O
determination	O
by	O
industrial	O
nations	O
to	O
curb	O
inflation	O
,	O
dealers	O
say	O
.	O


Silver	O
,	O
however	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
deeper	O
slump	O
than	O
are	O
gold	O
and	O
platinum	O
.	O


Some	O
analysts	O
contend	O
that	O
silver	O
is	O
cheap	O
now	O
that	O
prices	O
are	O
languishing	O
at	O
levels	O
last	O
seen	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
mid-1970s	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
Bargain	O
hunters	O
believe	O
that	O
silver	O
offers	O
the	O
best	O
value	O
amongst	O
precious	O
metals	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Frederick	B-PERSON
R.	I-PERSON
Demler	I-PERSON
,	O
analyst	O
at	O
Drexel	B-ORG
Burnham	I-ORG
Lambert	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


A	O
further	O
decline	O
in	O
prices	O
will	O
lead	O
to	O
mine	O
production	O
cuts	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Scrap	O
merchants	O
are	O
converting	O
smaller	O
quantities	O
of	O
metal	O
into	O
silver	O
,	O
while	O
low	O
prices	O
are	O
discouraging	O
exports	O
from	O
India	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
.	O


Silver	O
prices	O
could	O
also	O
be	O
boosted	O
by	O
strikes	O
in	O
leading	O
producing	O
nations	O
Peru	B-GPE
and	O
Mexico	B-GPE
,	O
Mr.	O
Demler	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
total	O
fabrication	O
demand	O
for	O
silver	O
has	O
risen	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
a	O
row	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Japanese	B-NORP
demand	O
grew	O
by	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
the	O
nation	O
plans	O
an	O
issue	O
of	O
a	O
silver	O
commemorative	O
coin	O
that	O
will	O
require	O
4.5	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
ounces	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Compared	O
with	O
huge	O
annual	B-DATE
surpluses	O
of	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
100	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
ounces	I-QUANTITY
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
,	O
world	O
silver	O
supplies	O
and	O
consumption	O
are	O
now	O
nearly	O
in	O
balance	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Demler	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Despite	O
intermittent	O
rallies	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
improvements	O
in	O
the	O
supply	O
-	O
demand	O
balance	O
have	O
n't	O
managed	O
to	O
push	O
silver	O
prices	O
into	O
a	O
higher	O
range	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
's	O
just	O
too	O
much	O
silver	O
around	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Butler	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
analyst	O
at	O
Samuel	B-ORG
Montagu	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
London	B-GPE
bullion	O
house	O
.	O


A	O
huge	O
silver	O
stockpile	O
at	O
exchanges	O
,	O
refiners	O
,	O
consuming	O
industries	O
and	O
government	O
warehouses	O
of	O
at	B-QUANTITY
least	I-QUANTITY
617	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
ounces	I-QUANTITY
is	O
the	O
market	O
depressant	O
,	O
says	O
Shearson	B-ORG
Lehman	I-ORG
Hutton	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
in	O
a	O
report	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
alone	I-DATE
,	O
inventories	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Commodity	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
jumped	O
``	O
by	O
a	O
staggering	O
46	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
to	O
221	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
ounces	I-QUANTITY
''	O
because	O
of	O
producer	O
deliveries	O
,	O
de-stocking	O
by	O
fabricators	O
and	O
sales	O
by	O
disenchanted	O
investors	O
,	O
says	O
Rhona	B-PERSON
O'Connell	I-PERSON
,	O
London	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
precious	O
metals	O
analyst	O
at	O
Shearson	B-ORG
Lehman	I-ORG
Hutton	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
Silver	O
production	O
is	O
also	O
in	O
an	O
inexorable	O
upward	O
trend	O
,	O
''	O
Ms.	O
O'Connell	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
while	O
Asian	B-NORP
and	O
Middle	B-NORP
Eastern	I-NORP
investors	O
hoard	O
gold	O
and	O
help	O
underpin	O
its	O
price	O
,	O
silver	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
mystique	O
,	O
dealers	O
say	O
.	O


Investors	O
have	O
gotten	O
burned	O
on	O
silver	O
so	O
often	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
far	O
more	O
partial	O
to	O
gold	O
,	O
says	O
Urs	B-PERSON
Seiler	I-PERSON
,	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
at	O
Union	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	O
Switzerland	B-GPE
.	O


Yet	O
if	O
gold	O
prices	O
improve	O
,	O
silver	O
prices	O
could	O
rally	O
sharply	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
dealers	O
caution	O
that	O
any	O
increase	O
would	O
be	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
at	O
most	O
.	O


Looking	O
ahead	O
to	O
other	O
commodity	O
markets	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
:	O


Livestock	O
and	O
Meats	O


Analysts	O
expect	O
the	O
prices	O
of	O
live	O
cattle	O
futures	O
contracts	O
to	O
rise	O
in	O
trading	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
a	O
government	O
quarterly	B-DATE
census	O
that	O
found	O
fewer	O
-	O
than	O
-	O
expected	O
cattle	O
on	O
feedlots	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
close	O
of	O
trading	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Agriculture	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
reported	O
that	O
feedlots	O
in	O
the	O
13	B-CARDINAL
biggest	O
ranch	O
states	O
held	O
8.06	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
cattle	O
on	O
Oct.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	O
down	O
6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
that	B-DATE
date	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


Most	O
analysts	O
had	O
expected	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
report	O
a	O
4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
decline	O
.	O


Feedlots	O
fatten	O
young	O
cattle	O
for	O
slaughter	O
,	O
so	O
a	O
decline	O
signals	O
a	O
tightening	O
supply	O
of	O
beef	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
young	O
cattle	O
placed	O
on	O
feedlots	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
dropped	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O


Many	O
industry	O
analysts	O
had	O
been	O
projecting	O
a	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
decline	O
in	O
placements	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
many	O
farmers	O
were	O
forced	O
to	O
sell	O
their	O
cattle	O
to	O
feedlot	O
operators	O
because	O
the	O
drought	O
dried	O
out	O
the	O
pasture	O
on	O
their	O
ranches	O
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
cattle	O
moving	O
onto	O
feedlots	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
recent	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
was	O
also	O
lower	O
because	O
fattening	O
cattle	O
is	O
less	O
profitable	O
.	O


A	O
shortage	O
of	O
young	O
cattle	O
has	O
made	O
them	O
more	O
expensive	O
for	O
feedlot	O
operators	O
to	O
buy	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Agriculture	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
also	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
fattened	O
cattle	O
slaughtered	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
dropped	O
by	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
the	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
,	O
which	O
was	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
projections	O
by	O
analysts	O
.	O


Energy	O


Friday	B-DATE
's	O
44	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
-	O
a	O
-	O
barrel	O
price	O
drop	O
to	O
$	O
19.98	B-MONEY
in	O
the	O
expiring	O
November	B-DATE
contract	O
for	O
West	B-PRODUCT
Texas	I-PRODUCT
Intermediate	I-PRODUCT
crude	O
may	O
well	O
set	O
the	O
tone	O
for	O
trading	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
petroleum	O
futures	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Mercantile	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
.	O


Most	O
traders	O
and	O
analysts	O
attributed	O
the	O
decline	O
to	O
technical	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
contract	O
's	O
going	O
off	O
the	O
board	O
.	O


Others	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
drop	O
continued	O
the	O
downward	O
correction	O
that	O
's	O
been	O
due	O
in	O
the	O
petroleum	O
pits	O
and	O
that	O
such	O
a	O
trend	O
could	O
well	O
continue	O
in	O
the	O
next	O
several	O
trading	O
sessions	O
.	O


Barring	O
any	O
petroleum	O
-	O
related	O
news	O
events	O
,	O
trading	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
ahead	O
should	O
further	O
test	O
recent	O
projections	O
by	O
oil	O
economists	O
and	O
other	O
market	O
watchers	O
that	O
strong	O
fourth	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
demand	O
will	O
keep	O
prices	O
firm	O
.	O


Copper	O


Copper	O
prices	O
fell	O
sharply	O
Friday	B-DATE
afternoon	B-TIME
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
copper	O
for	O
December	B-DATE
delivery	O
settled	O
4.5	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
lower	O
at	O
$	O
1.2345	B-MONEY
a	O
pound	O
.	O


Pressure	O
came	O
from	O
several	O
developments	O
including	O
the	O
settlement	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
long	O
-	O
term	O
strikes	O
.	O


On	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
analyst	O
said	O
,	O
rank	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
file	O
workers	O
ratified	O
a	O
new	O
labor	O
agreement	O
ending	O
a	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
strike	O
at	O
the	O
Highland	B-FAC
Valley	I-FAC
mine	O
in	O
British	B-GPE
Columbia	I-GPE
.	O


In	O
Mexico	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
analyst	O
added	O
,	O
employees	O
at	O
the	O
Cananea	B-GPE
mine	O
,	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
out	O
of	O
work	O
since	O
late	B-DATE
August	I-DATE
when	O
the	O
mine	O
was	O
declared	O
bankrupt	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
accepted	O
a	O
35	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
cut	O
in	O
the	O
3,800	B-CARDINAL
-	O
man	O
work	O
force	O
.	O


The	O
mine	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
production	O
in	O
about	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


On	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O
selling	O
dominated	O
the	O
afternoon	O
``	O
curb	O
''	O
session	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
takes	O
place	O
at	O
noon	B-TIME
EDT	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
premium	O
of	O
cash	O
copper	O
to	O
the	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
forward	O
offerings	O
narrowed	O
,	O
indicating	O
weaker	O
demand	O
for	O
cash	O
copper	O
.	O


Long	O
-	O
term	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
December	B-DATE
contract	O
was	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
at	O
$	O
1.25	B-MONEY
a	O
pound	O
.	O


A	O
technical	O
analyst	O
said	O
there	O
were	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
stop	O
-	O
loss	O
orders	O
under	O
that	O
level	O
that	O
were	O
touched	O
off	O
when	O
the	O
contract	O
's	O
price	O
fell	O
below	O
it	O
.	O


That	O
brought	O
in	O
considerable	O
fund	O
selling	O
,	O
which	O
continued	O
until	O
the	O
close	O
of	O
trading	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
general	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
bearish	O
close	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Ben	B-PERSON
Hanauer	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
copper	O
trader	O
at	O
Rudolph	B-ORG
Wolff	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
major	O
commodities	O
trading	O
and	O
brokerage	O
firm	O
.	O


But	O
whether	O
this	O
price	O
break	O
has	O
implications	O
for	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
we	O
will	O
know	O
more	O
when	O
the	O
London	B-ORG
Metal	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
copper	O
stock	O
levels	O
are	O
released	O
Monday	B-DATE
morning	B-TIME
.	O
''	O


Another	O
analyst	O
said	O
he	O
expected	O
LME	B-ORG
inventories	O
to	O
be	O
down	O
by	O
about	B-QUANTITY
15,000	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
when	O
the	O
weekly	B-DATE
report	O
is	O
issued	O
.	O


Bernard	B-PERSON
Savaiko	I-PERSON
,	O
senior	O
commodities	O
analyst	O
at	O
PaineWebber	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
that	O
when	O
traders	O
saw	O
the	O
market	O
was	O
n't	O
reacting	O
positively	O
to	O
the	O
forecasts	O
of	O
lower	O
LME	B-ORG
stocks	O
,	O
they	O
perceived	O
a	O
bearish	O
sign	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
noted	O
that	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
,	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
buying	O
at	O
prices	O
just	O
above	O
the	O
$	O
1.25	B-MONEY
level	O
,	O
apparently	O
pulled	O
back	O
from	O
the	O
market	O
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Savaiko	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
sees	O
a	O
possibility	O
of	O
the	O
December	B-DATE
contract	O
dropping	O
to	O
$	O
1.05	B-MONEY
a	O
pound	O
.	O


Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
will	O
announce	O
today	B-DATE
a	O
software	O
program	O
that	O
allows	O
computers	O
in	O
a	O
network	O
to	O
speed	O
up	O
computing	O
tasks	O
by	O
sending	O
the	O
tasks	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Called	O
Task	B-PRODUCT
Broker	I-PRODUCT
,	O
the	O
program	O
acts	O
something	O
like	O
an	O
auctioneer	O
among	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
computers	O
wired	O
together	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
machine	O
has	O
a	O
big	O
computing	O
task	O
,	O
Task	B-PRODUCT
Broker	I-PRODUCT
asks	O
other	O
computers	O
in	O
the	O
network	O
for	O
``	O
bids	O
''	O
on	O
the	O
job	O
.	O


It	O
then	O
determines	O
which	O
machine	O
is	O
free	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
task	O
most	O
quickly	O
and	O
sends	O
the	O
task	O
to	O
that	O
machine	O
.	O


Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
claims	O
that	O
the	O
software	O
allows	O
a	O
network	O
to	O
run	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
as	O
many	O
tasks	O
as	O
conventional	O
networks	O
and	O
will	O
run	O
each	O
task	O
twice	O
as	O
fast	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
program	O
,	O
said	O
analyst	O
John	B-PERSON
McCarthy	I-PERSON
at	O
Forrester	B-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
computer	O
-	O
market	O
research	O
company	O
,	O
``	O
is	O
a	O
key	O
building	O
block	O
as	O
people	O
move	O
to	O
this	O
new	O
model	O
of	O
distributed	O
processing	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
computer	O
networks	O
,	O
some	O
machines	O
often	O
sit	O
idle	O
while	O
others	O
are	O
overtaxed	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
program	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
get	O
more	O
bang	O
for	O
the	O
buck	O
you	O
've	O
spent	O
on	O
computers	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
program	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
shipped	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
1990	I-DATE
,	O
runs	O
on	O
the	O
Unix	O
operating	O
system	O
.	O


Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
will	O
charge	O
$	O
5,000	B-MONEY
for	O
a	O
license	O
covering	O
10	B-CARDINAL
users	O
.	O


The	O
program	O
now	O
works	O
on	O
all	O
Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
and	O
Apollo	B-ORG
workstations	O
and	O
on	O
computers	O
made	O
by	O
Multiflow	B-ORG
Computer	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
of	O
Branford	B-GPE
,	O
Conn	B-GPE
.	O


Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
will	O
sell	O
versions	O
later	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
that	O
run	O
on	O
Sun	B-ORG
Microsystems	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
Digital	B-ORG
Equipment	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
machines	O
.	O


The	B-PRODUCT
Task	I-PRODUCT
Broker	I-PRODUCT
differs	O
from	O
other	O
programs	O
that	O
spread	O
computing	O
tasks	O
around	O
a	O
network	O
.	O


A	O
previously	O
available	O
program	O
called	O
Network	B-PRODUCT
Computing	I-PRODUCT
System	I-PRODUCT
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Apollo	B-ORG
division	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
takes	O
a	O
task	O
and	O
splits	O
it	O
up	O
into	O
parts	O
,	O
divvying	O
up	O
those	O
parts	O
to	O
several	O
computers	O
in	O
a	O
network	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
processing	O
.	O


But	O
programs	O
in	O
individual	O
computers	O
must	O
be	O
revised	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
that	O
system	O
.	O


Applications	O
wo	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
rewritten	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
Task	B-PRODUCT
Broker	I-PRODUCT
,	O
Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
said	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
user	O
of	O
a	O
computer	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
tell	O
that	O
another	O
machine	O
is	O
doing	O
the	O
work	O
.	O


The	B-PRODUCT
Task	I-PRODUCT
Broker	I-PRODUCT
``	O
turns	O
that	O
network	O
into	O
--	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
the	O
user	O
is	O
concerned	O
--	O
one	B-CARDINAL
giant	O
computer	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Kay	I-PERSON
,	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
workstation	O
group	O
.	O


Price	O
wars	O
between	O
the	O
fast	O
-	O
food	O
giants	O
are	O
starting	O
to	O
clobber	O
the	O
fast	O
-	O
food	O
little	O
guys	O
:	O
the	O
franchisees	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
elephants	O
start	O
fighting	O
,	O
ants	O
get	O
killed	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Murray	B-PERSON
Riese	I-PERSON
,	O
co-owner	O
of	O
National	B-ORG
Restaurants	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
franchisee	O
for	O
Pizza	B-ORG
Hut	I-ORG
,	O
Roy	B-ORG
Rogers	I-ORG
and	O
other	O
chains	O
.	O


As	O
hamburger	O
and	O
pizza	O
outlets	O
saturate	O
one	B-CARDINAL
area	O
after	O
another	O
,	O
franchisers	O
are	O
struggling	O
desperately	O
for	O
market	O
share	O
,	O
slashing	O
prices	O
and	O
stepping	O
up	O
costly	O
promotions	O
.	O


The	O
fight	O
is	O
putting	O
a	O
tight	O
squeeze	O
on	O
profits	O
of	O
many	O
,	O
threatening	O
to	O
drive	O
the	O
smallest	O
ones	O
out	O
of	O
business	O
and	O
straining	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
national	O
fast	O
-	O
food	O
chains	O
and	O
their	O
franchisees	O
.	O


The	O
chains	O
``	O
used	O
to	O
offer	O
discounts	O
during	O
winter	B-DATE
when	O
business	O
was	O
slow	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
so	I-DATE
,	O
discounting	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
12	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
thing	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Harty	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Charisma	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
franchisee	O
of	O
Grand	B-ORG
Metropolitan	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Burger	B-ORG
King	I-ORG
chain	O
.	O


Though	O
Charisma	B-ORG
's	O
sales	O
are	O
up	O
slightly	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Harty	B-PERSON
says	O
profits	O
will	O
be	O
flat	O
or	O
lower	O
.	O


And	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Konopnicki	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Safford	B-GPE
,	O
Ariz.	B-GPE
,	O
licensee	O
of	O
McDonald	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
who	O
is	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
National	B-ORG
Operators	I-ORG
Advisory	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
some	O
fast	O
-	O
food	O
outlets	O
``	O
could	O
be	O
in	O
serious	O
trouble	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
discounting	O
that	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
going	O
on	O
.	O
''	O


Until	O
recently	O
,	O
the	O
huge	O
fast	O
-	O
food	O
industry	O
,	O
with	O
sales	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
60.1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
kept	O
price	O
-	O
skirmishing	O
to	O
a	O
minimum	O
.	O


But	O
early	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
PepsiCo	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Taco	B-ORG
Bell	I-ORG
unit	O
and	O
Wendy	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
slashed	O
prices	O
and	O
stepped	O
up	O
promotions	O
,	O
says	O
John	B-PERSON
Rohs	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
analyst	O
for	O
Wertheim	B-ORG
Schroder	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


That	O
brought	O
a	O
chain	O
reaction	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
.	O


The	O
situation	O
was	O
further	O
aggravated	O
early	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
McDonald	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
set	O
plans	O
to	O
heat	O
up	O
the	O
discounting	O
by	O
offering	O
coupons	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
decided	O
to	O
go	O
national	O
with	O
pizza	O
,	O
which	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
test	O
-	O
marketing	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
for	O
-	O
one	O
deals	O
on	O
pizza	O
are	O
common	O
;	O
so	O
are	O
99	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
specials	O
on	O
sandwiches	O
normally	O
priced	O
twice	O
as	O
high	O
.	O


The	O
discounting	O
,	O
say	O
fast	O
-	O
food	O
operators	O
,	O
occurs	O
on	O
a	O
scale	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
frequency	O
they	O
have	O
n't	O
seen	O
before	O
.	O


The	O
result	O
is	O
that	O
some	O
franchisees	O
are	O
running	O
hard	O
just	O
to	O
stay	O
even	O
,	O
laying	O
off	O
middle	O
managers	O
and	O
working	O
harder	O
to	O
make	O
less	O
.	O


Joe	B-PERSON
Mack	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
district	O
manager	O
for	O
Cormack	B-ORG
Enterprises	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Burger	B-ORG
King	I-ORG
operator	O
in	O
Omaha	B-GPE
,	O
Neb.	B-GPE
,	O
says	O
discounting	O
is	O
so	O
prevalent	O
that	O
``	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
serve	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
20	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
more	O
customers	O
''	O
to	O
keep	O
sales	O
level	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
almost	O
as	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
doing	O
extra	O
work	O
to	O
give	O
away	O
the	O
food	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Alan	B-PERSON
D'Agosto	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Panda	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
operator	O
of	O
Arby	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
restaurants	O
in	O
Omaha	B-GPE
,	O
says	O
:	O
``	O
All	O
we	O
're	O
doing	O
is	O
keeping	O
the	O
customers	O
coming	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
are	O
n't	O
increasing	O
sales	O
.	O
''	O


With	O
fast	O
-	O
food	O
outlets	O
on	O
every	O
corner	O
,	O
he	O
,	O
like	O
many	O
,	O
does	O
n't	O
think	O
he	O
has	O
a	O
choice	O
in	O
the	O
price	O
war	O
:	O
``	O
Our	O
customers	O
say	O
that	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
go	O
into	O
a	O
fast	O
-	O
food	O
store	O
unless	O
they	O
get	O
a	O
coupon	O
.	O
''	O


If	O
the	O
battle	O
continues	O
much	O
longer	O
,	O
many	O
fast	O
-	O
food	O
businesses	O
will	O
close	O
or	O
merge	O
,	O
predicts	O
Vincent	B-PERSON
Morrissey	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
owns	O
a	O
string	O
of	O
Kentucky	B-ORG
Fried	I-ORG
Chicken	I-ORG
stores	O
in	O
the	O
Midwest	B-LOC
.	O


``	O
The	O
industry	O
is	O
overbuilt	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
Fast	O
-	O
food	O
franchisers	O
have	O
managed	O
to	O
squeeze	O
in	O
stores	O
into	O
every	O
corner	O
available	O
.	O
''	O


The	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Restaurant	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
says	O
quick	O
-	O
service	O
restaurant	O
units	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
rose	O
14	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
131,146	B-CARDINAL
between	B-DATE
1983	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
1987	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
for	O
which	O
figures	O
are	O
available	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
market	O
so	O
crowded	O
,	O
says	O
a	O
spokesman	O
for	O
Wendy	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
in	O
Columbus	B-GPE
,	O
Ohio	B-GPE
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
're	O
doing	O
well	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
doing	O
well	O
at	O
someone	O
else	O
's	O
expense	O
.	O
''	O


Simply	O
put	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
n't	O
enough	O
business	O
for	O
every	O
store	O
to	O
grow	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Rohs	B-PERSON
,	O
inflation	O
-	O
adjusted	O
,	O
same	O
-	O
store	O
sales	O
at	O
company	O
-	O
owned	O
Wendy	B-ORG
's	O
units	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
have	O
trailed	O
year	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
levels	O
throughout	O
1989	B-DATE
,	O
except	O
for	O
August	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
McDonald	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
has	O
also	O
been	O
running	O
negative	O
all	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
the	O
analyst	O
says	O
.	O


Spokesmen	O
for	O
Wendy	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
and	O
McDonald	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
criticized	O
Mr.	O
Rohs	B-PERSON
's	O
calculations	O
.	O


Jack	B-PERSON
Greenberg	I-PERSON
,	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
financial	O
officer	O
of	O
McDonald	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
the	O
company	O
does	O
n't	O
compute	O
,	O
much	O
less	O
disclose	O
,	O
inflation	O
-	O
adjusted	O
,	O
same	O
-	O
store	O
sales	O
.	O


He	O
adds	O
that	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
comparisons	O
``	O
can	O
be	O
very	O
misleading	O
because	O
of	O
differences	O
in	O
timing	O
of	O
marketing	O
programs	O
from	O
year	B-DATE
to	O
year	B-DATE
.	O
''	O


Profit	O
margins	O
at	O
company	O
-	O
owned	O
McDonald	B-ORG
's	O
outlets	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
``	O
are	O
holding	O
up	O
quite	O
nicely	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Greenberg	B-PERSON
.	O


Profits	O
of	O
franchisees	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
higher	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
mid-1970s	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
adds	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Greenberg	B-PERSON
's	O
sanguine	O
outlook	O
is	O
n't	O
matched	O
by	O
many	O
fast	O
-	O
food	O
industry	O
observers	O
.	O


Smaller	O
chains	O
and	O
single	O
-	O
store	O
operators	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
fail	O
,	O
many	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
predict	O
.	O


Big	O
franchise	O
groups	O
``	O
can	O
ride	O
out	O
the	O
storm	O
a	O
lot	O
longer	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Harty	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Burger	B-ORG
King	I-ORG
operator	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
prolonged	O
price	O
pressures	O
are	O
driving	O
a	O
wedge	O
between	O
some	O
franchisers	O
and	O
their	O
franchisees	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Morrissey	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Kentucky	B-ORG
Fried	I-ORG
Chicken	I-ORG
franchisee	O
,	O
notes	O
that	O
most	O
franchise	O
owners	O
must	O
absorb	O
increases	O
in	O
expenses	O
without	O
any	O
cut	O
in	O
the	O
royalties	O
,	O
or	O
portion	O
of	O
sales	O
,	O
that	O
they	O
must	O
pay	O
franchisers	O
.	O


Franchisees	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
forced	O
to	O
go	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
franchiser	O
's	O
discounting	O
.	O


But	O
once	O
a	O
franchisee	O
agrees	O
to	O
a	O
promotional	O
program	O
,	O
the	O
franchiser	O
can	O
demand	O
full	O
participation	O
to	O
the	O
very	O
end	O
,	O
says	O
Lew	B-PERSON
Rudnick	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
principal	O
of	O
Rudnick	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Wolfe	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Chicago	B-GPE
law	O
firm	O
with	O
franchise	O
industry	O
clients	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
courts	O
have	O
held	O
that	O
antitrust	O
considerations	O
are	O
outweighed	O
in	O
such	O
cases	O
by	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
protect	O
consumers	O
from	O
deceptive	O
marketing	O
.	O


In	O
any	O
case	O
,	O
many	O
franchisees	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
stay	O
on	O
good	O
terms	O
with	O
franchisers	O
,	O
routinely	O
go	O
along	O
with	O
promotions	O
.	O


Says	O
Mr.	O
Riese	B-PERSON
of	O
National	B-ORG
Restaurants	I-ORG
:	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
resisted	O
on	O
prices	O
,	O
maybe	O
you	O
would	O
never	O
get	O
that	O
telephone	O
call	O
about	O
a	O
new	O
franchise	O
.	O


Companies	O
listed	O
below	O
reported	O
quarterly	B-DATE
profit	O
substantially	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
average	O
of	O
analysts	O
'	O
estimates	O
.	O


The	O
companies	O
are	O
followed	O
by	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
analysts	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
minimum	O
five	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
change	O
in	O
actual	O
earnings	O
per	O
share	O
.	O


Estimated	O
and	O
actual	O
results	O
involving	O
losses	O
are	O
omitted	O
.	O


The	O
percent	O
difference	O
compares	O
actual	O
profit	O
with	O
the	O
30-day	B-DATE
estimate	O
where	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
analysts	O
have	O
issues	O
forecasts	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Otherwise	O
,	O
actual	O
profit	O
is	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
300-day	B-DATE
estimate	O
.	O


Companies	O
listed	O
below	O
reported	O
quarterly	B-DATE
profit	O
substantially	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
average	O
of	O
analysts	O
'	O
estimates	O
.	O


The	O
companies	O
are	O
followed	O
by	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
analysts	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
minimum	O
five	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
change	O
in	O
actual	O
earnings	O
per	O
share	O
.	O


Estimated	O
and	O
actual	O
results	O
involving	O
losses	O
are	O
omitted	O
.	O


The	O
percent	O
difference	O
compares	O
actual	O
profit	O
with	O
the	O
30-day	B-DATE
estimate	O
where	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
analysts	O
have	O
issues	O
forecasts	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Otherwise	O
,	O
actual	O
profit	O
is	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
300-day	B-DATE
estimate	O
.	O


CalMat	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
completed	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
32.8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
sale	O
of	O
assets	O
from	O
its	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
area	O
real	O
estate	O
portfolio	O
for	O
net	O
income	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
12	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


CalMat	B-ORG
said	O
the	O
sale	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
previously	O
announced	O
plan	O
to	O
sell	O
much	O
of	O
its	O
real	O
estate	O
holdings	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
its	O
core	O
business	O
of	O
mining	O
and	O
producing	O
asphalt	O
,	O
concrete	O
,	O
rock	O
and	O
sand	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
thought	O
the	O
only	O
reason	O
to	O
save	O
your	O
canceled	O
checks	O
was	O
to	O
prepare	O
for	O
an	O
IRS	B-ORG
audit	O
.	O


Reggie	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
retired	O
baseball	O
star	O
,	O
has	O
found	O
another	O
use	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Jackson	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
won	O
the	O
nickname	O
``	O
Mr.	O
October	B-PERSON
''	O
for	O
his	O
World	B-EVENT
Series	I-EVENT
exploits	O
,	O
is	O
selling	O
some	O
of	O
his	O
canceled	O
checks	O
to	O
autograph	O
collectors	O
through	O
a	O
dealer	O
for	O
as	B-MONEY
much	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
each	O
.	O


Dealers	O
say	O
the	O
budding	O
trade	O
in	O
Mr.	O
Jackson	B-PERSON
's	O
canceled	O
checks	O
is	O
unusual	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
of	O
any	O
living	O
ballplayer	O
that	O
's	O
ever	O
done	O
it	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Smalling	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
dealer	O
in	O
Ames	B-GPE
,	O
Iowa	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
a	O
recognized	O
expert	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
baseball	O
autographs	O
.	O


An	O
initial	O
batch	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Jackson	B-PERSON
's	O
checks	O
was	O
on	O
sale	O
at	O
a	O
baseball	O
-	O
card	O
show	O
held	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
over	O
Labor	B-DATE
Day	I-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Jackson	B-PERSON
showed	O
up	O
at	O
the	O
affair	O
to	O
sign	O
autographs	O
for	O
a	O
fee	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


``	O
For	O
someone	O
who	O
has	O
everything	O
else	O
--	O
Reggie	B-PERSON
's	O
jersey	O
,	O
cap	O
and	O
cards	O
--	O
his	O
checks	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
nice	O
addition	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
William	B-PERSON
Vizas	I-PERSON
,	O
owner	O
of	O
Bill	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Sports	I-ORG
Collectibles	I-ORG
in	O
Denver	B-GPE
,	O
who	O
examined	O
the	O
checks	O
at	O
the	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
card	O
show	O
.	O


For	O
years	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
canceled	O
checks	O
of	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
baseball	O
players	O
have	O
been	O
bought	O
and	O
sold	O
.	O


But	O
these	O
players	O
were	O
dead	O
.	O


``	O
Maybe	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
were	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
-LCB-	B-PERSON
Ty	I-PERSON
-RCB-	I-PERSON
Cobbs	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
hobby	O
,	O
and	O
awhile	O
back	O
there	O
were	O
Babe	B-PERSON
Ruth	I-PERSON
checks	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Smalling	B-PERSON
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
thought	O
of	O
a	O
living	O
player	O
selling	O
his	O
checks	O
rubs	O
some	O
people	O
the	O
wrong	O
way	O
.	O


``	O
Maybe	O
I	O
'm	O
a	O
little	O
stuffy	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
sell	O
them	O
,	O
''	O
sniffs	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Machon	I-PERSON
,	O
owner	O
of	O
Papa	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Sports	I-ORG
Cards	I-ORG
in	O
Menlo	B-GPE
Park	I-GPE
,	O
Calif	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
Who	O
knows	O
how	O
much	O
they	O
'll	O
be	O
worth	O
100	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
now	I-DATE
?	O
''	O


And	O
Mr.	O
Smalling	B-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
believe	O
they	O
're	O
worth	O
all	O
that	O
much	O
now	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
the	O
checks	O
are	O
worth	O
$	O
15	B-MONEY
apiece	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Why	O
Mr.	O
Jackson	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
reached	O
for	O
comment	O
,	O
has	O
made	O
some	O
of	O
his	O
checks	O
available	O
for	O
sale	O
is	O
n't	O
clear	O
.	O


He	O
probably	O
has	O
n't	O
done	O
it	O
for	O
the	O
cash	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
would	O
say	O
he	O
's	O
definitely	O
not	O
in	O
need	O
of	O
money	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Matt	B-PERSON
Merola	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
agent	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Jackson	B-PERSON
's	O
based	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


``	O
He	O
has	O
good	O
investments	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
Mr.	O
Jackson	B-PERSON
probably	O
has	O
opened	O
new	O
checking	O
accounts	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


Or	O
at	O
least	O
he	O
should	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
assume	O
those	O
accounts	O
are	O
closed	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Smalling	B-PERSON
,	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
accounts	O
of	O
the	O
canceled	O
checks	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
he	O
'd	O
want	O
to	O
give	O
out	O
his	O
current	O
account	O
numbers	O
.	O


USX	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
its	O
Japanese	B-NORP
partner	O
,	O
Kobe	B-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
agreed	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
joint	O
venture	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
new	O
plant	O
to	O
produce	O
hot	O
-	O
dipped	O
galvanized	O
sheet	O
products	O
,	O
mainly	O
for	O
the	O
automotive	O
market	O
.	O


Terms	O
were	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
for	O
the	O
plant	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
have	O
annual	B-DATE
capacity	O
of	O
600,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
.	O


The	O
move	O
by	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
largest	O
steelmaker	O
follows	O
a	O
string	O
of	O
earlier	O
announcements	O
by	O
other	O
major	O
steel	O
companies	O
.	O


Bethlehem	B-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
LTV	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
Armco	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
all	O
have	O
plans	O
to	O
build	O
additional	O
lines	O
for	O
such	O
coated	O
corrosion	O
-	O
resistant	O
steel	O
.	O


The	O
surge	O
in	O
production	O
,	O
analysts	O
say	O
,	O
raises	O
questions	O
about	O
capacity	O
outpacing	O
demand	O
.	O


They	O
note	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
plants	O
will	O
come	O
on	O
line	O
in	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
current	O
import	O
trade	O
restraint	O
program	O
ends	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
result	O
in	O
more	O
imports	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
's	O
too	O
much	O
capacity	O
,	O
''	O
contended	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Bradford	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
analyst	O
with	O
Merrill	B-ORG
Lynch	I-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Markets	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
there	O
's	O
anyone	O
not	O
building	O
one	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
does	O
add	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
transplanted	O
Japanese	B-NORP
car	O
makers	O
are	O
boosting	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
made	O
steel	O
in	O
their	O
autos	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
relying	O
heavily	O
on	O
imported	O
steel	O
.	O


That	O
trend	O
could	O
increase	O
demand	O
for	O
hot	O
-	O
dipped	O
galvanized	O
sheet	O
.	O


The	O
hot	O
-	O
dipped	O
galvanized	O
segment	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
fastest	O
-	O
growing	O
and	O
most	O
profitable	O
segments	O
of	O
the	O
steel	O
market	O
,	O
coveted	O
by	O
all	O
major	O
integrated	O
steelmakers	O
wanting	O
to	O
maintain	O
an	O
edge	O
over	O
smaller	O
minimills	O
and	O
reconstructed	O
mills	O
--	O
those	O
spun	O
off	O
to	O
employees	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
USX	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
expects	O
the	O
market	O
for	O
coated	O
sheet	O
steel	O
to	O
reach	O
12	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
annually	B-DATE
by	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
compared	O
with	O
10.2	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
shipped	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
,	O
analysts	O
say	O
shipments	O
of	O
hot	O
-	O
dipped	O
galvanized	O
steel	O
increased	O
about	B-PERCENT
8	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
,	O
while	O
overall	O
steel	O
shipments	O
were	O
up	O
only	B-PERCENT
2.4	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


USX	B-ORG
and	O
Kobe	B-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
hope	O
to	O
reach	O
a	O
definitive	O
agreement	O
establishing	O
the	O
50	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
partnership	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
construction	O
tentatively	O
slated	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
and	O
production	O
by	O
1992	B-DATE
.	O


USX	B-ORG
already	O
has	O
six	B-CARDINAL
lines	O
in	O
existing	O
plants	O
producing	O
hot	O
-	O
dipped	O
galvanized	O
steel	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
marks	O
the	O
first	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
greenfield	O
plant	O
for	O
such	O
production	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
boost	O
by	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
USX	B-ORG
's	O
current	O
hot	O
-	O
dipped	O
capacity	O
of	O
1,275,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
.	O


The	O
company	O
said	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
expect	O
the	O
new	O
line	O
's	O
capacity	O
to	O
adversely	O
affect	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
existing	O
hot	O
-	O
dipped	O
galvanizing	O
lines	O
.	O


Steelmakers	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
adding	O
capacity	O
of	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
electrogalvanized	O
steel	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
another	O
way	O
to	O
make	O
coated	O
corrosion	O
-	O
resistant	O
steel	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
the	O
hot	O
-	O
dipped	O
process	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
allows	O
the	O
steel	O
to	O
be	O
covered	O
with	O
a	O
thicker	O
coat	O
of	O
zinc	O
more	O
quickly	O
.	O


IN	O
SIZING	O
UP	O
the	O
risks	O
of	O
stock	O
-	O
market	O
investments	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
probably	O
no	O
starting	O
place	O
better	O
than	O
``	O
beta	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
investors	O
better	O
not	O
ignore	O
its	O
limitations	O
,	O
either	O
.	O


Beta	O
is	O
a	O
handy	O
gauge	O
that	O
measures	O
the	O
volatility	O
of	O
a	O
stock	O
or	O
stock	O
mutual	O
fund	O
.	O


For	O
any	O
given	O
move	O
in	O
the	O
overall	O
market	O
,	O
it	O
suggests	O
how	O
steeply	O
that	O
particular	O
issue	O
might	O
rise	O
or	O
fall	O
.	O


Beta	O
figures	O
are	O
widely	O
available	O
and	O
easy	O
to	O
interpret	O
.	O


The	O
beta	O
of	O
the	O
broad	O
market	O
,	O
typically	O
defined	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Standard	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Poor	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
500-stock	B-CARDINAL
index	O
,	O
is	O
always	O
1.0	B-CARDINAL
.	O


So	O
a	O
stock	O
with	O
a	O
beta	O
of	O
0.5	B-CARDINAL
is	O
half	B-CARDINAL
as	O
volatile	O
,	O
one	O
at	O
1.5	B-CARDINAL
is	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
more	O
volatile	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O


Cautious	O
investors	O
should	O
generally	O
go	O
with	O
stocks	O
that	O
have	O
low	O
betas	O
.	O


Go	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
beta	O
stocks	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
biggest	O
payoff	O
from	O
a	O
bet	O
on	O
a	O
bull	O
market	O
.	O


Remember	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
that	O
beta	O
also	O
has	O
important	O
limitations	O
.	O


``	O
Beta	O
is	O
only	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
risk	O
in	O
a	O
stock	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
William	B-PERSON
F.	I-PERSON
Sharpe	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Stanford	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
emeritus	O
professor	O
who	O
developed	O
the	O
measure	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
is	O
risk	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
market	O
moves	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
beta	O
does	O
n't	O
tell	O
you	O
the	O
magnitude	O
of	O
that	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
particular	O
,	O
beta	O
does	O
n't	O
measure	O
the	O
company	O
-	O
and	O
industry	O
-	O
specific	O
risk	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
individual	O
stock	O
.	O


That	O
``	O
business	O
''	O
risk	O
is	O
very	O
significant	O
for	O
an	O
investor	O
with	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
stocks	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
virtually	O
disappears	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
and	O
well	O
-	O
diversified	O
portfolio	O
.	O


Beta	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
poor	O
indicator	O
of	O
the	O
risk	O
in	O
stock	O
groups	O
that	O
march	O
to	O
their	O
own	O
drummer	O
.	O


In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
prices	O
of	O
gold	O
and	O
other	O
precious	O
-	O
metals	O
stocks	O
shoot	O
up	O
and	O
down	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
stocks	O
tend	O
to	O
have	O
low	O
betas	O
because	O
their	O
moves	O
are	O
not	O
market	O
-	O
inspired	O
.	O


Concern	O
that	O
investors	O
could	O
misinterpret	O
such	O
readings	O
led	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Individual	I-ORG
Investors	I-ORG
to	O
eliminate	O
beta	O
figures	O
for	O
precious	O
-	O
metals	O
funds	O
in	O
the	O
1989	B-DATE
edition	O
of	O
its	O
mutual	O
-	O
fund	O
guide	O
.	O


``	O
Our	O
fear	O
was	O
people	O
would	O
look	O
just	O
at	O
the	O
beta	O
-LCB-	O
of	O
a	O
gold	O
fund	O
-RCB-	O
and	O
say	O
here	O
is	O
an	O
investment	O
with	O
very	O
low	O
risk	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
John	B-PERSON
Markese	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
research	O
for	O
the	O
Chicago	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
group	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
reality	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
volatile	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
movements	O
are	O
not	O
because	O
of	O
market	O
movements	O
.	O


READY	O
TO	O
REVIEW	O
the	O
riskiness	O
of	O
your	O
investment	O
portfolio	O
?	O


First	O
,	O
a	O
pop	O
quiz	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
think	O
of	O
the	O
words	O
``	O
risk	O
''	O
and	O
``	O
investment	O
,	O
''	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
specific	O
peril	O
that	O
comes	O
to	O
mind	O
?	O


Pencils	O
down	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
're	O
like	O
most	O
people	O
,	O
you	O
said	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
holding	O
that	O
goes	O
completely	O
sour	O
--	O
maybe	O
a	O
bond	O
that	O
defaults	O
or	O
a	O
stock	O
whose	O
value	O
disappears	O
in	O
a	O
bankruptcy	O
proceeding	O
.	O


``	O
People	O
tend	O
to	O
see	O
risk	O
primarily	O
on	O
that	O
one	B-CARDINAL
dimension	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Timothy	B-PERSON
Kochis	I-PERSON
,	O
national	O
director	O
of	O
personal	O
financial	O
planning	O
for	O
accountants	O
Deloitte	B-PERSON
,	O
Haskins	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Sells	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
therein	O
lies	O
another	O
aspect	O
of	O
investment	O
risk	O
:	O
the	O
hazard	O
of	O
shaping	O
your	O
portfolio	O
to	O
avoid	O
one	B-CARDINAL
or	O
more	O
types	O
of	O
risk	O
and	O
being	O
blind	O
-	O
sided	O
by	O
others	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
clearly	O
not	O
good	O
news	O
to	O
all	O
you	O
people	O
who	O
sleep	O
like	O
babies	O
every	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
lulled	O
by	O
visions	O
of	O
your	O
money	O
sitting	O
risk	O
-	O
free	O
in	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
CDs	O
.	O


Risk	O
wears	O
many	O
disguises	O
,	O
and	O
investments	O
that	O
are	O
low	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
type	O
of	O
obvious	O
risk	O
can	O
be	O
distressingly	O
high	O
in	O
other	O
,	O
less	O
obvious	O
kinds	O
.	O


U.S.	B-ORG
Treasury	I-ORG
bonds	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
are	O
supersafe	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
returning	O
money	O
at	O
maturity	O
.	O


But	O
their	O
value	O
as	O
investments	O
can	O
be	O
decimated	O
by	O
inflation	O
,	O
which	O
erodes	O
the	O
purchasing	O
power	O
of	O
bonds	O
'	O
fixed	O
-	O
dollar	O
interest	O
payments	O
.	O


Risk	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
function	O
of	O
time	O
.	O


When	O
financial	O
professionals	O
measure	O
risk	O
mathematically	O
,	O
they	O
usually	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
volatility	O
of	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
returns	O
.	O


Stocks	O
are	O
much	O
riskier	O
than	O
Treasury	B-ORG
bills	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
range	O
in	O
performance	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
best	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
the	O
worst	O
is	O
much	O
wider	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
usually	O
measured	O
by	O
the	O
standard	O
deviation	O
,	O
or	O
divergence	O
,	O
of	O
annual	B-DATE
results	O
from	O
the	O
average	O
return	O
over	O
time	O
.	O


But	O
investors	O
who	O
are	O
preoccupied	O
with	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
fluctuations	O
may	O
be	O
paying	O
too	O
little	O
attention	O
to	O
another	O
big	O
risk	O
--	O
not	O
generating	O
enough	O
money	O
to	O
meet	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
financial	O
and	O
life	O
-	O
style	O
goals	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
some	O
investors	O
have	O
sworn	O
off	O
stocks	O
since	O
the	O
1987	B-DATE
market	O
crash	O
;	O
last	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
debacle	O
only	O
reinforced	O
those	O
feelings	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
,	O
despite	O
some	O
stomach	O
-	O
churning	O
declines	O
,	O
has	O
far	O
outperformed	O
other	O
securities	O
over	O
extended	O
periods	O
.	O


By	O
retreating	O
to	O
the	O
apparent	O
security	O
of	O
,	O
say	O
,	O
money	O
-	O
market	O
funds	O
,	O
investors	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
earning	O
enough	O
investment	O
return	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
a	O
comfortable	O
retirement	O
.	O


``	O
That	O
's	O
the	O
biggest	O
risk	O
of	O
all	O
--	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
not	O
meeting	O
your	O
objectives	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Steven	B-PERSON
B.	I-PERSON
Enright	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
financial	O
planner	O
with	O
Seidman	B-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
financial	O
advisers	O
say	O
they	O
take	O
several	O
steps	O
when	O
evaluating	O
the	O
riskiness	O
of	O
clients	O
'	O
portfolios	O
.	O


They	O
estimate	O
the	O
return	O
a	O
person	O
's	O
current	O
portfolio	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
generate	O
over	O
time	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
standard	O
deviation	O
that	O
suggests	O
how	O
much	O
the	O
return	O
will	O
vary	O
year	B-DATE
by	O
year	B-DATE
.	O


They	O
try	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
results	O
the	O
person	O
needs	O
to	O
meet	O
major	O
goals	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
eyeball	O
types	O
of	O
risk	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
easily	O
quantified	O
.	O


The	O
portfolios	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
hypothetical	O
families	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
a	O
couple	O
at	O
retirement	O
age	O
and	O
another	O
a	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
income	O
couple	O
at	O
age	B-DATE
45	I-DATE
,	O
illustrate	O
several	O
types	O
of	O
risk	O
that	O
investors	O
need	O
to	O
consider	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
insured	O
municipal	O
bonds	O
that	O
dominate	O
the	O
older	O
couple	O
's	O
portfolio	O
were	O
probably	O
selected	O
in	O
large	O
part	O
for	O
their	O
low	O
repayment	O
risk	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
expose	O
the	O
holders	O
to	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
inflation	O
risk	O
and	O
interest	O
-	O
rate	O
risk	O
.	O


The	O
younger	O
couple	O
's	O
stockholdings	O
involve	O
more	O
risk	O
than	O
a	O
diversified	O
stock	O
portfolio	O
because	O
the	O
bulk	O
of	O
the	O
money	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
issue	O
.	O


Note	O
that	O
the	O
younger	O
couple	O
's	O
portfolio	O
has	O
a	O
higher	O
expected	O
annual	B-DATE
return	O
,	O
10.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
vs.	O
8.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
as	O
calculated	O
by	O
Seidman	B-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
financial	O
-	O
planning	O
affiliate	O
of	O
BDO	B-ORG
Seidman	I-ORG
.	O


That	O
largely	O
reflects	O
the	O
heavy	O
stockholdings	O
.	O


But	O
one	B-CARDINAL
price	O
paid	O
for	O
the	O
higher	O
expected	O
return	O
is	O
greater	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
volatility	O
,	O
as	O
reflected	O
in	O
the	O
higher	O
standard	O
deviation	O
that	O
Seidman	B-ORG
estimates	O
for	O
the	O
younger	O
couple	O
's	O
portfolio	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Here	O
's	O
how	O
to	O
interpret	O
a	O
standard	O
deviation	O
figure	O
:	O
Take	O
the	O
expected	O
return	O
and	O
add	O
one	B-CARDINAL
standard	O
deviation	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


Then	O
take	O
the	O
expected	O
return	O
and	O
subtract	O
one	B-CARDINAL
standard	O
deviation	O
.	O


In	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
actual	O
result	O
should	O
fall	O
within	O
that	O
range	O
if	O
all	O
the	O
assumptions	O
were	O
accurate	O
.	O


Then	O
add	O
and	O
subtract	O
two	B-CARDINAL
standard	O
deviations	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
wider	O
range	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
95	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
probability	O
any	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
result	O
will	O
fall	O
in	O
the	O
range	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
the	O
greater	O
volatility	O
of	O
the	O
younger	O
couple	O
's	O
portfolio	O
does	O
n't	O
necessarily	O
mean	O
those	O
investments	O
are	O
riskier	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
meeting	O
the	O
holders	O
'	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
goals	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
the	O
older	O
couple	O
's	O
portfolio	O
could	O
actually	O
be	O
riskier	O
in	O
that	O
sense	O
if	O
the	O
expected	O
return	O
wo	O
n't	O
generate	O
enough	O
dollars	O
to	O
meet	O
their	O
spending	O
plans	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
may	O
feel	O
emotionally	O
secure	O
now	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
heavily	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
John	B-PERSON
H.	I-PERSON
Cammack	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
financial	O
planner	O
with	O
Alexandra	B-ORG
Armstrong	I-ORG
Advisors	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
But	O
they	O
may	O
pay	O
a	O
price	O
10	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O
''	O


Ms.	O
Slater	B-PERSON
reports	O
on	O
personal	O
finance	O
from	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
bureau	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
investing	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
weigh	O
risk	O
and	O
reward	O
can	O
seem	O
like	O
throwing	O
darts	O
blindfolded	O
:	O
Investors	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
the	O
actual	O
returns	O
that	O
securities	O
will	O
deliver	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
ups	O
and	O
downs	O
that	O
will	O
occur	O
along	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


Looking	O
to	O
the	O
past	O
can	O
provide	O
some	O
clues	O
.	O


Over	O
several	B-DATE
decades	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
investors	O
who	O
put	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
's	O
gyrations	O
earned	O
returns	O
far	O
in	O
excess	O
of	O
those	O
on	O
bonds	O
and	O
``	O
cash	O
''	O
investments	O
like	O
Treasury	B-ORG
bills	O
.	O


But	O
while	O
history	O
can	O
suggest	O
what	O
is	O
reasonable	O
to	O
expect	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
guarantee	O
that	O
the	O
past	O
will	O
repeat	O
itself	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
some	O
analysts	O
believe	O
bond	O
returns	O
and	O
volatility	O
have	O
moved	O
permanently	O
closer	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
.	O


And	O
returns	O
on	O
cash	O
investments	O
may	O
continue	O
to	O
exceed	O
inflation	O
by	O
a	O
wider	O
margin	O
than	O
they	O
did	O
over	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
past	O
.	O


Portfolio	O
A	O
:	O
Retired	O
couple	O
,	O
age	B-DATE
65	I-DATE
;	O
$	O
400,000	B-MONEY
portfolio	O
.	O


Portfolio	O
B	O
:	O
Two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
income	O
couple	O
,	O
age	B-DATE
45	I-DATE
;	O
$	O
150,000	B-MONEY
portfolio	O
.	O


A	O
letter	O
from	O
Senator	O
John	B-PERSON
Kerry	I-PERSON
chides	O
us	O
today	B-DATE
for	O
implying	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
``	O
flip	O
-	O
flopped	O
''	O
on	O
Manuel	B-PERSON
Noriega	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
correctly	O
says	O
he	O
has	O
been	O
down	O
on	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
for	O
some	O
time	O
,	O
hence	O
his	O
criticism	O
of	O
administration	O
mishandling	O
of	O
the	O
attempted	O
coup	O
.	O


Our	O
October	B-DATE
12	I-DATE
editorial	O
should	O
have	O
been	O
more	O
precise	O
.	O


It	O
meant	O
to	O
convey	O
our	O
hope	O
that	O
the	O
Senator	O
and	O
other	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
congressional	O
left	O
are	O
broadening	O
their	O
dislike	O
of	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
to	O
include	O
other	O
notorious	O
Central	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
drug	O
runners	O
.	O


The	O
Sandinistas	B-NORP
of	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
also	O
are	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Castro	B-PERSON
-	O
Medellin	O
cartel	O
nexus	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
letter	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
his	O
losing	O
vote	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
against	O
U.S.	B-GPE
aid	O
for	O
the	O
Nicaraguan	B-NORP
opposition	O
,	O
Senator	O
Kerry	B-PERSON
makes	O
clear	O
he	O
has	O
not	O
made	O
that	O
intellectual	O
leap	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
wrong	O
.	O


THROUGHOUT	O
THE	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
,	O
investors	O
have	O
been	O
looking	O
for	O
creative	O
alternatives	O
to	O
traditional	O
modes	O
of	O
financial	O
planning	O
.	O


Capital	O
has	O
been	O
democratized	O
,	O
and	O
people	O
want	O
in	O
.	O


Too	O
often	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
small	O
investors	O
are	O
left	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
stale	O
solutions	O
that	O
appealed	O
to	O
previous	O
generations	O
of	O
fiduciary	O
strategists	O
.	O


Now	O
a	O
startling	O
new	O
approach	O
is	O
available	O
to	O
building	O
your	O
financial	O
portfolio	O
without	O
undue	O
risk	O
,	O
without	O
extensive	O
planning	O
and	O
without	O
hurting	O
your	O
life	O
style	O
one	O
bit	O
!	O


This	O
is	O
particularly	O
good	O
news	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
hate	O
risk	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
incapable	O
of	O
doing	O
extensive	O
amounts	O
of	O
planning	O
and	O
who	O
refuse	O
to	O
see	O
their	O
life	O
styles	O
hurt	O
in	O
any	O
way	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
who	O
you	O
are	O
.	O


My	O
revolutionary	O
system	O
is	O
also	O
useful	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
tried	O
customary	O
forms	O
of	O
growing	O
their	O
currency	O
cushion	O
.	O


Like	O
all	O
Americans	B-NORP
seeking	O
chronic	O
prosperity	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
find	O
it	O
necessary	O
to	O
plunge	O
certain	O
funds	O
into	O
conservative	O
monetary	O
tools	O
,	O
if	O
only	O
to	O
assuage	O
my	O
father	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
,	O
who	O
believes	O
in	O
such	O
things	O
.	O


So	O
throughout	O
the	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
I	O
have	O
maintained	O
my	O
share	O
of	O
individual	O
retirement	O
accounts	O
and	O
CDs	O
,	O
and	O
tinkered	O
with	O
stocks	O
,	O
bonds	O
and	O
mutual	O
funds	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
preserving	O
my	O
necessary	O
position	O
in	O
the	O
residential	O
real	O
-	O
estate	O
market	O
.	O


Return	O
on	O
this	O
fine	O
portfolio	O
has	O
been	O
modest	O
when	O
it	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
negative	O
.	O


Figure	O
1	B-CARDINAL
demonstrates	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
those	O
businesses	O
I	O
've	O
invested	O
in	O
during	O
this	B-DATE
prosperous	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
-LRB-	O
see	O
accompanying	O
illustration	O
--	O
WSJ	B-ORG
Oct.	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


Oil	O
-	O
related	O
properties	O
suffered	O
a	O
huge	O
decline	O
until	O
I	O
divested	O
myself	O
of	O
all	O
such	O
stocks	O
in	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
at	O
which	O
point	O
the	O
industry	O
,	O
while	O
not	O
lighting	O
up	O
any	O
Christmas	B-DATE
trees	O
,	O
began	O
a	O
slow	O
recovery	O
.	O


Likewise	O
,	O
mutual	O
funds	O
remained	O
relatively	O
flat	O
until	O
I	O
made	O
what	O
was	O
,	O
for	O
me	O
,	O
a	O
serious	O
investment	O
.	O


By	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
these	O
properties	O
were	O
in	O
a	O
tailspin	O
,	O
causing	O
my	O
broker	O
at	O
Pru	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Bache	I-ORG
to	O
remark	O
that	O
she	O
'd	O
``	O
never	O
seen	O
anything	O
like	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


Concerned	O
for	O
her	O
state	O
of	O
mind	O
,	O
I	O
dropped	O
them	O
--	O
and	O
the	O
market	O
instantly	O
began	O
its	O
steady	O
climb	O
back	O
to	O
health	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
most	O
dramatic	O
was	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
metropolitan	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
real	O
-	O
estate	O
market	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
booming	O
until	O
I	O
entered	O
it	O
in	O
late	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
at	O
which	O
time	O
it	O
posted	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
negative	O
compound	O
annual	B-DATE
growth	O
rate	O
in	O
years	B-DATE
.	O


Disgusted	O
,	O
I	O
cast	O
around	O
for	O
a	O
different	O
way	O
to	O
plan	O
my	O
asset	O
distribution	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
hardly	O
any	O
heavy	O
breathing	O
the	O
answer	O
struck	O
me	O
:	O
I	O
was	O
doing	O
it	O
already	O
!	O


We	O
've	O
all	O
got	O
money	O
to	O
spend	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
it	O
clearly	O
disposable	O
since	O
we	O
keep	O
disposing	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


Bank	O
it	O
?	O


Not	O
really	O
!	O


Sock	O
it	O
away	O
in	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
instruments	O
?	O


Nonsense	O
!	O


Daily	B-DATE
living	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
possible	O
investment	O
!	O


Your	O
priorities	O
may	O
be	O
different	O
,	O
but	O
here	O
in	O
Figure	O
2	B-CARDINAL
is	O
where	O
I	O
've	O
chosen	O
to	O
build	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
:	O
personal	O
space	O
;	O
automotive	O
pursuits	O
;	O
children	O
's	O
toys	O
;	O
gardening	O
equipment	O
,	O
bulbs	O
and	O
shrubs	O
;	O
and	O
finally	O
,	O
entertainment	O
,	O
perhaps	O
the	O
best	O
investment	O
of	O
all	O
.	O


All	O
have	O
paid	O
off	O
for	O
me	O
in	O
double	O
-	O
digit	O
annual	B-DATE
growth	O
and	O
continue	O
to	O
provide	O
significant	O
potential	O
.	O


At	O
least	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
my	O
calculations	O
.	O


Personal	O
space	O
-LRB-	O
Figure	O
3	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
has	O
grown	O
35	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
annually	B-DATE
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
performance	O
that	O
would	O
compare	O
positively	O
with	O
an	O
investment	O
in	O
,	O
say	O
,	O
synthetic	O
-	O
leather	O
products	O
for	O
the	O
interiors	O
of	O
cold	O
-	O
weather	O
vehicles	O
,	O
which	O
my	O
cousin	O
got	O
into	O
and	O
sort	O
of	O
regrets	O
to	O
this	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
assortment	O
of	O
expensive	O
children	O
's	O
toys	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
purchased	O
wisely	O
at	O
a	O
host	O
of	O
discount	O
-	O
toy	O
brokerage	O
firms	O
-LRB-	O
Figure	O
4	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
has	O
increased	O
handsomely	O
in	O
total	O
asset	O
value	O
far	O
beyond	O
any	O
personal	O
investment	O
except	O
,	O
perhaps	O
,	O
for	O
my	O
record	O
collection	O
,	O
whose	O
worth	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
safe	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
is	O
incalculable	O
.	O


Continued	O
investment	O
in	O
my	O
1984	B-DATE
subcompact	O
has	O
been	O
part	O
of	O
my	O
strategy	O
-LRB-	O
Figure	O
5	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
,	O
with	O
present	O
annual	B-DATE
contributions	O
now	B-DATE
equaling	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
60	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
car	O
's	O
original	O
value	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
my	O
calculations	O
,	O
these	O
outlays	O
should	O
have	O
brought	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
my	O
sedan	O
to	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
22,000	I-MONEY
on	O
the	O
open	O
market	O
-LRB-	O
Figure	O
6	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
,	O
where	O
I	O
plan	O
to	O
offer	O
it	O
shortly	O
.	O


Expansion	O
of	O
my	O
living	O
space	O
has	O
produced	O
an	O
obvious	O
need	O
for	O
maintenance	O
and	O
construction	O
of	O
suitable	O
lawns	O
,	O
shrubs	O
and	O
bushes	O
fitting	O
to	O
its	O
suburban	O
locale	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
thus	O
committed	O
sufficient	O
personal	O
outlay	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
my	O
grounds	O
and	O
lodgings	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
short	O
of	O
greens	O
and	O
flowers	O
.	O


My	O
initial	O
stake	O
in	O
this	O
blooming	O
enterprise	O
has	O
grown	O
tenfold	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
my	O
conservative	O
calculations	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
my	O
share	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
entertainment	O
pursuits	O
has	O
given	O
perhaps	O
the	O
most	O
dramatic	O
demonstration	O
of	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
creative	O
personal	O
financial	O
planning	O
.	O


Over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
my	O
return	O
on	O
investment	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
poker	O
alone	O
-LRB-	O
Figures	O
7A	B-CARDINAL
and	O
7B	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
has	O
been	O
most	O
impressive	O
,	O
showing	O
bodacious	O
annual	B-DATE
expansion	O
with	O
--	O
given	O
the	O
way	O
my	O
associates	O
play	O
--	O
no	O
sign	O
of	O
abatement	O
into	O
the	B-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
and	O
beyond	O
.	O


With	O
this	O
personal	O
strategy	O
firmly	O
in	O
place	O
,	O
I	O
look	O
forward	O
to	O
years	B-DATE
of	O
fine	O
life	O
-	O
style	O
investments	O
and	O
increasing	O
widespread	O
leverage	O
.	O


My	O
kids	O
'	O
college	O
education	O
looms	O
as	O
perhaps	O
the	O
greatest	O
future	O
opportunity	O
for	O
spending	O
,	O
although	O
I	O
'll	O
probably	O
have	O
to	O
cash	O
in	O
their	O
toy	O
portfolio	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
with	O
every	O
step	O
I	O
take	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
building	O
wealth	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
,	O
like	O
me	O
,	O
refuse	O
to	O
bite	O
the	O
bullet	O
.	O


So	O
go	O
out	O
there	O
and	O
eat	O
that	O
debt	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
right	O
there	O
in	O
the	O
mainstream	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
business	O
,	O
building	O
value	O
on	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
insupportable	O
expenditures	O
.	O


Henry	B-PERSON
Kravis	I-PERSON
,	O
watch	O
out	O
!	O


Mr.	O
Schwartz	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
business	O
executive	O
and	O
writer	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


WHEN	O
JAMES	B-PERSON
SCHWARTZ	I-PERSON
was	O
just	O
a	O
lad	O
his	O
father	O
gave	O
him	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
career	O
advice	O
.	O


``	O
He	O
told	O
me	O
to	O
choose	O
an	O
area	O
where	O
just	O
by	O
being	O
mediocre	O
I	O
could	O
be	O
great	O
,	O
''	O
recalls	O
Mr.	O
Schwartz	B-PERSON
,	O
now	O
40	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
tried	O
management	O
consulting	O
,	O
traded	O
in	O
turquoise	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
managed	O
professional	O
wrestlers	O
.	O


Now	O
he	O
has	O
settled	O
into	O
a	O
career	O
that	O
fits	O
the	O
bill	O
--	O
financial	O
planning	O
.	O


It	O
should	O
be	O
noted	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Schwartz	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
operates	O
out	O
of	O
Englewood	B-GPE
,	O
Colo.	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
a	O
puckish	O
sort	O
who	O
likes	O
to	O
give	O
his	O
colleagues	O
the	O
needle	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
the	O
needle	O
has	O
a	O
very	O
sharp	O
point	O
.	O


Though	O
it	O
's	O
probably	O
safe	O
to	O
assume	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
financial	O
planners	O
are	O
honest	O
and	O
even	O
reasonably	O
competent	O
,	O
the	O
fact	O
remains	O
that	O
,	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
wag	O
puts	O
it	O
,	O
``	O
anybody	O
who	O
can	O
fog	O
a	O
mirror	O
''	O
can	O
call	O
himself	O
a	O
financial	O
planner	O
.	O


Planners	O
now	O
influence	O
the	O
investment	O
of	O
several	B-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
but	O
in	O
effect	O
they	O
operate	O
in	O
the	O
dark	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
effective	O
regulation	O
of	O
planners	O
,	O
no	O
accepted	O
standard	O
for	O
admission	O
into	O
their	O
ranks	O
--	O
a	O
dog	O
got	O
into	O
one	B-CARDINAL
trade	O
group	O
--	O
no	O
way	O
to	O
assess	O
their	O
performance	O
,	O
no	O
way	O
even	O
to	O
know	O
how	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
there	O
are	O
-LRB-	O
estimates	O
range	O
from	O
60,000	B-CARDINAL
to	O
450,000	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


All	O
anyone	O
need	O
do	O
is	O
hang	O
up	O
a	O
shingle	O
and	O
start	O
planning	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
should	O
come	O
as	O
no	O
shock	O
that	O
the	O
profession	O
,	O
if	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
has	O
attracted	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
whose	O
principal	O
talents	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
frittering	O
away	O
or	O
flat	O
-	O
out	O
stealing	O
their	O
clients	O
'	O
money	O
.	O


Alarmed	O
,	O
state	O
and	O
federal	O
authorities	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
devise	O
ways	O
to	O
certify	O
and	O
regulate	O
planners	O
.	O


Industry	O
groups	O
and	O
reputable	O
planners	O
who	O
are	O
members	O
of	O
them	O
want	O
comprehensive	O
standards	O
,	O
too	O
;	O
they	O
're	O
tired	O
of	O
seeing	O
practitioners	O
depicted	O
collectively	O
in	O
the	O
business	O
press	O
as	O
dumber	O
than	O
chimpanzees	O
and	O
greedier	O
than	O
a	O
herd	O
of	O
swine	O
.	O


But	O
reform	O
has	O
n't	O
taken	O
hold	O
yet	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
industry	O
is	O
still	O
pretty	O
much	O
in	O
its	O
Wild	B-LOC
West	I-LOC
days	B-DATE
,	O
''	O
says	O
Scott	B-PERSON
Stapf	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
investor	O
education	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
North	I-ORG
American	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Administrators	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
.	O


An	O
admittedly	O
limited	O
survey	O
by	O
NASAA	B-ORG
,	O
whose	O
members	O
are	O
state	O
securities	O
-	O
law	O
regulators	O
,	O
found	O
that	O
between	B-DATE
1986	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
1988	I-DATE
``	O
fraud	O
and	O
abuse	O
''	O
by	O
financial	O
planners	O
cost	O
22,000	B-CARDINAL
investors	O
$	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
rogues	O
'	O
gallery	O
of	O
planners	O
involved	O
includes	O
some	O
convicted	O
felons	O
,	O
a	O
compulsive	O
gambler	O
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
,	O
various	O
businessmen	O
who	O
had	O
planned	O
their	O
own	O
previous	O
ventures	O
right	O
into	O
bankruptcy	O
,	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
man	O
who	O
scammed	O
his	O
wife	O
's	O
grandmother	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
the	O
losses	O
they	O
and	O
the	O
others	O
caused	O
``	O
are	O
just	O
what	O
we	O
are	O
stumbling	O
over	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Stapf	B-PERSON
,	O
adding	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
misdeeds	O
probably	O
go	O
undetected	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
just	O
about	O
all	O
the	O
losses	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
attributed	O
to	O
the	O
sheer	O
incompetence	O
of	O
unqualified	O
planners	O
.	O


Nobody	O
can	O
estimate	O
the	O
toll	O
,	O
but	O
John	B-PERSON
Gargan	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Tampa	B-GPE
,	O
Fla.	B-GPE
,	O
planner	O
and	O
head	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
trade	O
group	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Registered	I-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Planners	I-ORG
,	O
thinks	O
the	O
danger	O
to	O
investors	O
from	O
incompetence	O
is	O
``	O
humongous	O
,	O
''	O
far	O
greater	O
than	O
that	O
from	O
crookery	O
.	O


His	O
group	O
,	O
like	O
others	O
,	O
wants	O
minimum	O
standards	O
applied	O
to	O
all	O
who	O
call	O
themselves	O
financial	O
planners	O
.	O


Surveying	O
all	O
this	O
,	O
some	O
people	O
now	O
think	O
the	O
best	O
planner	O
might	O
be	O
no	O
planner	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


For	O
most	O
investors	O
``	O
the	O
benefits	O
just	O
are	O
n't	O
worth	O
the	O
risks	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Barbara	B-PERSON
Roper	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
follows	O
financial	O
-	O
planning	O
issues	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Consumer	I-ORG
Federation	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
consumer	O
-	O
advocacy	O
organization	O
based	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


She	O
concedes	O
that	O
such	O
a	O
position	O
is	O
``	O
unfair	O
''	O
to	O
the	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
conscientious	O
and	O
qualified	O
people	O
plying	O
the	O
trade	O
,	O
but	O
as	O
a	O
consumer	O
advocate	O
she	O
feels	O
impelled	O
to	O
take	O
it	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
her	O
group	O
used	O
to	O
give	O
tips	O
on	O
selecting	O
planners	O
--	O
check	O
educational	O
and	O
experience	O
credentials	O
,	O
consult	O
regulators	O
and	O
Better	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Bureaus	I-ORG
--	O
but	O
found	O
that	O
even	O
some	O
people	O
who	O
took	O
these	O
steps	O
``	O
were	O
still	O
getting	O
ripped	O
off	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
bad	O
news	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
bad	O
enough	O
to	O
kill	O
the	O
growing	O
demand	O
for	O
financial	O
planning	O
.	O


The	B-LAW
Tax	I-LAW
Reform	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
of	O
1986	B-DATE
,	O
which	O
eliminated	O
many	O
tax	O
shelters	O
peddled	O
by	O
planners	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
crash	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
did	O
cause	O
a	O
sharp	O
slump	O
in	O
such	O
demand	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
planners	O
had	O
to	O
make	O
an	O
unplanned	O
exit	O
from	O
the	O
business	O
.	O


But	O
membership	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Planners	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
IAFP	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
industry	O
's	O
biggest	O
trade	O
group	O
,	O
is	O
still	O
nearly	O
triple	O
what	O
it	O
was	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
believed	O
that	O
the	O
ranks	O
of	O
planners	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
belong	O
to	O
any	O
group	O
have	O
soared	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


An	B-CARDINAL
estimated	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Americans	B-NORP
are	O
now	O
using	O
financial	O
planners	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
pool	O
of	O
capital	O
they	O
influence	O
is	O
enormous	O
.	O


A	O
survey	O
of	O
54,000	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
conducted	O
by	O
the	O
IAFP	B-ORG
in	O
April	B-DATE
showed	O
that	O
these	O
practitioners	O
alone	O
had	O
controlled	O
or	O
guided	O
the	O
investment	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
154	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
their	O
clients	O
'	O
money	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
12	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
sheer	O
number	O
of	O
planners	O
makes	O
the	O
business	O
extremely	O
difficult	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
impossible	O
,	O
to	O
regulate	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
minority	O
of	O
them	O
who	O
must	O
register	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
as	O
``	O
investment	O
advisers	O
''	O
--	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
business	O
of	O
counseling	O
others	O
on	O
the	O
buying	O
and	O
selling	O
of	O
securities	O
specifically	O
--	O
have	O
been	O
enough	O
to	O
swamp	O
the	O
agency	O
's	O
capacity	O
.	O


The	O
SEC	B-ORG
has	O
only	B-CARDINAL
about	I-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
staffers	O
assigned	O
to	O
keep	O
tabs	O
on	O
investment	O
advisers	O
--	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
--	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
advisers	O
has	O
tripled	O
to	O
about	B-CARDINAL
15,000	I-CARDINAL
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
a	O
registered	O
investment	O
adviser	O
can	O
expect	O
an	O
SEC	B-ORG
audit	O
only	O
once	O
every	B-DATE
12	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
bad	O
things	O
can	O
happen	O
in	O
12	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
It	O
does	O
n't	O
take	O
a	O
rocket	O
scientist	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
our	O
problem	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Kathryn	B-PERSON
McGrath	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
's	O
division	O
of	O
investment	O
management	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
has	O
proposed	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
that	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
job	O
of	O
oversight	O
be	O
turned	O
over	O
to	O
an	O
industry	O
-	O
funded	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
regulatory	O
organization	O
patterned	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Dealers	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
operates	O
in	O
the	O
brokerage	O
business	O
.	O


Such	O
an	O
organization	O
could	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
set	O
minimum	O
standards	O
for	O
competence	O
,	O
ethics	O
and	O
finances	O
and	O
punish	O
those	O
investment	O
advisers	O
who	O
broke	O
the	O
rules	O
.	O


The	O
proposal	O
has	O
set	O
off	O
a	O
lively	O
debate	O
within	O
an	O
industry	O
that	O
was	O
far	O
from	O
united	O
to	O
begin	O
with	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Schwartz	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
puckish	O
planner	O
from	O
Englewood	B-GPE
,	O
Colo.	B-GPE
,	O
says	O
that	O
allowing	O
the	O
business	O
to	O
police	O
itself	O
would	O
be	O
``	O
like	O
putting	O
Dracula	B-PERSON
in	O
charge	O
of	O
the	O
blood	O
bank	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Gargan	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Tampa	B-GPE
planner	O
who	O
heads	O
one	B-CARDINAL
trade	O
group	O
,	O
favors	O
simply	O
assessing	O
the	O
industry	O
and	O
giving	O
the	O
money	O
to	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
to	O
hire	O
more	O
staff	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Mr.	O
Gargan	B-PERSON
's	O
views	O
are	O
not	O
greeted	O
with	O
wild	O
enthusiasm	O
over	O
at	O
the	O
IAFP	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
major	O
industry	O
organization	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
IAFP	B-ORG
recently	O
assembled	O
other	O
industry	O
groups	O
to	O
discuss	O
common	O
standards	O
that	O
might	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
planners	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Gargan	B-PERSON
's	O
group	O
was	O
excluded	O
.	O


That	O
may	O
be	O
because	O
Mr.	O
Gargan	B-PERSON
,	O
smarting	O
at	O
what	O
he	O
considered	O
slurs	O
on	O
his	O
membership	O
standards	O
made	O
by	O
the	O
rival	O
group	O
,	O
enrolled	O
his	O
dog	O
,	O
Beauregard	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
IAFP	B-ORG
.	O


Then	O
he	O
sent	O
the	O
pooch	O
's	O
picture	O
with	O
the	O
certificate	O
of	O
membership	O
--	O
it	O
was	O
made	O
out	O
to	O
``	O
Boris	O
`	O
Bo	O
'	O
Regaard	O
''	O
--	O
to	O
every	O
newspaper	O
he	O
could	O
think	O
of	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
states	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
ideas	O
about	O
regulation	O
and	O
certification	O
.	O


NASAA	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
organization	O
of	O
state	O
securities	O
regulators	O
,	O
is	O
pushing	O
for	O
a	O
model	O
regulatory	O
statute	O
already	O
adopted	O
in	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
states	O
.	O


It	O
requires	O
financial	O
planners	O
to	O
register	O
with	O
states	O
,	O
pass	O
competency	O
tests	O
and	O
reveal	O
to	O
customers	O
any	O
conflicts	O
of	O
interest	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
common	O
conflict	O
involves	O
compensation	O
.	O


NASAA	B-ORG
estimates	O
that	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
90	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
planners	O
receive	O
some	O
or	O
all	O
of	O
their	O
income	O
from	O
sales	O
commissions	O
on	O
securities	O
,	O
insurance	O
and	O
other	O
financial	O
products	O
they	O
recommend	O
.	O


The	O
issue	O
:	O
Is	O
the	O
planner	O
putting	O
his	O
clients	O
into	O
the	O
best	O
investments	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
ones	O
that	O
garner	O
the	O
biggest	O
commissions	O
?	O


In	O
1986	B-DATE
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
attorney	O
general	O
's	O
office	O
got	O
an	O
order	O
from	O
a	O
state	O
court	O
in	O
Albany	B-GPE
shutting	O
down	O
First	B-ORG
Meridian	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
Albany	B-GPE
financial	O
-	O
planning	O
firm	O
that	O
had	O
invested	O
$	B-MONEY
55	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
1,000	I-CARDINAL
investors	O
.	O


In	O
its	O
notice	O
of	O
action	O
,	O
the	O
attorney	O
general	O
said	O
the	O
company	O
had	O
promised	O
to	O
put	O
clients	O
into	O
``	O
balanced	O
''	O
investment	O
portfolios	O
;	O
instead	O
,	O
the	O
attorney	O
general	O
alleged	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
consistently	O
shoved	O
unwary	O
customers	O
into	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
investments	O
in	O
paintings	O
,	O
coins	O
and	O
Florida	B-GPE
condos	O
.	O


Those	O
investments	O
paid	O
big	O
commissions	O
to	O
First	B-ORG
Meridian	I-ORG
,	O
payments	O
investors	O
were	O
never	O
told	O
about	O
,	O
the	O
attorney	O
general	O
alleged	O
.	O


Investors	O
were	O
further	O
assured	O
that	O
only	O
those	O
with	O
a	O
minimun	O
net	O
worth	O
would	O
be	O
accepted	O
.	O


In	O
practice	O
,	O
the	O
attorney	O
general	O
alleged	O
in	O
an	O
affidavit	O
,	O
if	O
an	O
investor	O
had	O
access	O
to	O
cash	O
``	O
the	O
chances	O
of	O
being	O
turned	O
down	O
by	O
First	B-ORG
Meridian	I-ORG
were	O
about	O
as	O
probable	O
as	O
being	O
rejected	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Book	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Month	I-ORG
Club	I-ORG
.	O
''	O


And	O
,	O
the	O
attorney	O
general	O
added	O
,	O
First	B-ORG
Meridian	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
president	O
,	O
Roger	B-PERSON
V.	I-PERSON
Sala	I-PERSON
,	O
portrayed	O
himself	O
as	O
a	O
``	O
financial	O
expert	O
''	O
when	O
his	O
qualifications	O
largely	O
consisted	O
of	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
school	O
diploma	O
,	O
work	O
as	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
estate	O
and	O
insurance	O
salesman	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
stint	O
as	O
supervisor	O
at	O
a	O
highway	O
toll	O
booth	O
.	O


First	B-ORG
Meridian	I-ORG
and	O
its	O
officials	O
are	O
currently	O
under	O
investigation	O
for	O
possible	O
criminal	O
wrongdoing	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
spokeswoman	O
for	O
the	O
attorney	O
general	O
.	O


Harry	B-PERSON
Manion	I-PERSON
,	O
Mr.	O
Sala	B-PERSON
's	O
attorney	O
,	O
says	O
his	O
client	O
denies	O
any	O
wrongdoing	O
and	O
adds	O
that	O
the	O
attorney	O
general	O
's	O
contentions	O
about	O
First	B-ORG
Meridian	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
business	O
practices	O
are	O
incorrect	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Sala	B-PERSON
's	O
qualifications	O
,	O
``	O
the	O
snooty	O
attorneys	O
for	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
decided	O
Mr.	O
Sala	B-PERSON
was	O
n't	O
qualified	O
because	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
Harvard	B-ORG
degree	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Manion	B-PERSON
.	O


Civil	O
suits	O
against	O
planners	O
by	O
clients	O
seeking	O
recovery	O
of	O
funds	O
are	O
increasingly	O
common	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
such	O
actions	O
,	O
both	O
filed	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
Georgia	B-GPE
state	O
court	O
in	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
,	O
could	O
be	O
particularly	O
embarrassing	O
to	O
the	O
industry	O
:	O
both	O
name	O
J.	B-PERSON
Chandler	I-PERSON
Peterson	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
financial	O
planner	O
who	O
is	O
a	O
founder	O
and	O
past	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
IAFP	B-ORG
,	O
as	O
defendant	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
suit	O
,	O
filed	O
by	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
investors	O
,	O
charges	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Peterson	B-PERSON
misused	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
9.7	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
put	O
into	O
a	O
limited	O
partnership	O
that	O
he	O
operated	O
and	O
promoted	O
,	O
spending	O
some	O
of	O
it	O
to	O
pay	O
his	O
own	O
legal	O
bills	O
and	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
other	O
companies	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
had	O
an	O
interest	O
.	O


Those	O
companies	O
,	O
in	O
turn	O
,	O
paid	O
Mr.	O
Peterson	B-PERSON
commissions	O
and	O
fees	O
,	O
the	O
suit	O
alleges	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
suit	O
was	O
filed	O
by	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
in	O
a	O
dispute	O
over	O
$	O
100,000	B-MONEY
investments	O
each	O
says	O
he	O
made	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Peterson	B-PERSON
as	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
purchase	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Scottsdale	I-ORG
in	O
Scottsdale	B-GPE
,	O
Ariz	B-GPE
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
plaintiff	O
,	O
a	O
doctor	O
,	O
testified	O
in	O
an	O
affidavit	O
that	O
he	O
also	O
gave	O
Mr.	O
Peterson	B-PERSON
$	O
50,000	B-MONEY
to	O
join	O
a	O
sort	O
of	O
investment	O
club	O
which	O
essentially	O
gave	O
the	O
physician	O
``	O
the	O
privilege	O
of	O
making	O
additional	O
investments	O
''	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Peterson	B-PERSON
.	O


In	O
affidavits	O
,	O
each	O
plaintiff	O
claims	O
Mr.	O
Peterson	B-PERSON
promised	O
the	O
bank	O
purchase	O
would	O
be	O
completed	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1988	I-DATE
or	O
the	O
money	O
returned	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Peterson	B-PERSON
took	O
the	O
plaintiffs	O
'	O
and	O
other	O
investors	O
'	O
money	O
to	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
directors	O
.	O


Wearing	O
a	O
business	O
suit	O
and	O
western	O
-	O
style	O
hat	O
and	O
boots	O
,	O
he	O
opened	O
up	O
his	O
briefcase	O
and	O
dumped	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
cash	O
on	O
a	O
table	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
directors	O
,	O
says	O
Myron	B-PERSON
Diebel	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
president	O
.	O


``	O
He	O
said	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
color	O
of	O
his	O
money	O
,	O
''	O
recalls	O
Mr.	O
Diebel	B-PERSON
.	O


Bank	O
officials	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
showed	O
him	O
the	O
door	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
sale	O
never	O
came	O
off	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
suit	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Peterson	B-PERSON
has	O
yet	O
to	O
return	O
the	O
plaintiffs	O
'	O
investment	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
it	O
back	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Peterson	B-PERSON
declines	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
specific	O
allegations	O
in	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
suits	O
,	O
saying	O
he	O
prefers	O
to	O
save	O
such	O
responses	O
for	O
court	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
does	O
say	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
his	O
activities	O
have	O
been	O
``	O
entirely	O
proper	O
.	O
''	O


On	O
the	O
suit	O
by	O
the	O
limited	O
partners	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
he	O
is	O
considering	O
a	O
defamation	O
suit	O
against	O
the	O
plaintiffs	O
.	O


The	O
suit	O
,	O
he	O
adds	O
,	O
``	O
is	O
almost	O
in	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
a	O
vendetta	O
by	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
disgruntled	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


Rearding	O
the	O
suit	O
over	O
the	O
bank	O
bid	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Peterson	B-PERSON
says	O
it	O
is	O
filled	O
with	O
``	O
inflammatory	O
language	O
and	O
half	B-CARDINAL
truths	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
declines	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
specifics	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Peterson	B-PERSON
says	O
the	O
suits	O
against	O
him	O
are	O
less	O
a	O
measure	O
of	O
his	O
work	O
than	O
they	O
are	O
a	O
``	O
sign	O
of	O
the	O
times	O
''	O
in	O
which	O
people	O
generally	O
are	O
more	O
prone	O
to	O
sue	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
anybody	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
who	O
has	O
n't	O
experienced	O
litigation	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Peterson	B-PERSON
also	O
says	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
consider	O
himself	O
a	O
financial	O
planner	O
anymore	O
.	O


He	O
now	O
calls	O
himself	O
an	O
``	O
investment	O
banker	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
many	O
scams	O
or	O
alleged	O
scams	O
involving	O
planners	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
plain	O
that	O
only	O
a	O
modicum	O
of	O
common	O
sense	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
investors	O
would	O
have	O
kept	O
them	O
out	O
of	O
harm	O
's	O
way	O
.	O


Using	O
it	O
,	O
would	O
n't	O
a	O
proessional	O
hesitate	O
to	O
pay	O
tens	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
thousands	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
just	O
for	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
invest	O
witha	O
planner	O
?	O


Other	O
cases	O
go	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
an	O
old	O
saw	O
still	O
applies	O
:	O
If	O
it	O
sounds	O
too	O
good	O
to	O
be	O
true	O
,	O
it	O
probably	O
is	O
.	O


Certificates	O
of	O
deposit	O
do	O
n't	O
pay	O
23	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
a	O
year	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
did	O
n't	O
give	O
pause	O
to	O
clients	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Alabama	B-GPE
planner	O
.	O


Now	O
they	O
're	O
losers	O
and	O
he	O
's	O
in	O
jail	O
in	O
Mobile	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
.	O


CDs	O
yielding	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
are	O
even	O
more	O
implausible	O
--	O
especially	O
when	O
the	O
issuing	O
``	O
bank	O
''	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Marshall	I-GPE
Islands	I-GPE
is	O
merely	O
a	O
mail	O
drop	O
watched	O
over	O
by	O
a	O
local	O
gas	O
-	O
station	O
operator	O
--	O
but	O
investors	O
fell	O
for	O
that	O
one	O
too	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Colorado	B-GPE
planner	O
who	O
promised	O
to	O
make	O
some	O
of	O
his	O
clients	O
millionaires	O
on	O
investments	O
of	O
as	B-MONEY
litle	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
?	O


Never	O
mind	O
.	O


You	O
already	O
know	O
the	O
answer	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Emshwiller	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
staff	O
reporter	O
in	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
bureau	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
ritzy	O
Fashion	B-FAC
Island	I-FAC
Shopping	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
tanned	O
and	O
elegant	O
ladies	O
of	O
this	O
wealthy	O
Southern	B-LOC
California	I-LOC
beach	O
community	O
disembark	O
from	O
their	O
Mercedes	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Benzes	I-ORG
and	O
BMWs	B-ORG
for	O
another	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	O
exercising	O
their	O
credit	O
cards	O
.	O


They	O
root	O
among	O
the	O
designer	O
offerings	O
at	O
Neiman	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Marcus	I-ORG
and	O
Bullocks	B-ORG
Wilshire	I-ORG
.	O


They	O
stroll	O
through	O
the	O
marble	O
-	O
encased	O
corridors	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Atrium	I-FAC
Court	I-FAC
.	O


They	O
graze	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Farmers	I-ORG
Market	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
combination	O
gourmet	O
food	O
court	O
and	O
grocery	O
store	O
,	O
while	O
a	O
pianist	O
accompanies	O
the	O
noon	B-TIME
fashion	O
show	O
with	O
a	O
selection	O
of	O
dreamy	O
melodies	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
beautiful	O
look	O
of	O
wool	O
,	O
''	O
croons	O
the	O
show	O
's	O
narrator	O
,	O
``	O
slightly	O
Victorian	B-NORP
in	O
its	O
influence	O
...	O
.	O
''	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
squat	O
office	O
buildings	O
that	O
ring	O
Fashion	B-FAC
Island	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
odds	O
are	O
good	O
that	O
someone	O
is	O
getting	O
fleeced	O
.	O


Law	O
-	O
enforcement	O
authorities	O
say	O
that	O
at	O
any	O
given	O
time	O
,	O
a	O
host	O
of	O
fraudulent	O
telemarketing	O
operations	O
mingle	O
with	O
the	O
many	O
legitimate	O
businesses	O
here	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
seem	O
to	O
like	O
these	O
industrial	O
parks	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Kacy	B-PERSON
McClelland	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
postal	O
inspector	O
who	O
specializes	O
in	O
mail	O
fraud	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
call	O
them	O
fraud	O
farms	O
.	O
''	O


Welcome	O
to	O
that	O
welter	O
of	O
contradictions	O
known	O
as	O
Newport	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
.	O


This	O
city	O
of	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
70,000	I-CARDINAL
is	O
known	O
for	O
sunshine	O
,	O
yachts	O
and	O
rich	O
residents	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
fraud	O
capital	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
dubbed	O
by	O
investigators	O
and	O
the	O
media	O
as	O
the	B-GPE
``	I-GPE
Cote	I-GPE
de	I-GPE
Fraud	I-GPE
''	I-GPE
.	O


How	O
does	O
a	O
community	O
famous	O
for	O
its	O
high	O
living	O
end	O
up	O
as	O
a	O
haven	O
for	O
low	O
-	O
lifes	O
?	O


Clearly	O
,	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
lures	O
the	O
latter	O
.	O


The	O
places	O
renowned	O
for	O
breeding	O
bunco	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
Miami	B-GPE
neighborhood	O
known	O
as	O
the	B-LOC
``	I-LOC
Maggot	I-LOC
Mile	I-LOC
''	I-LOC
and	O
Las	B-GPE
Vegas	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
flashy	O
strip	O
of	O
casinos	O
,	O
invariably	O
offer	O
fast	O
cars	O
,	O
high	O
rollers	O
,	O
glamorous	O
women	O
and	O
lots	O
of	O
sunshine	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
hear	O
much	O
about	O
unusual	O
concentrations	O
of	O
fraud	O
in	O
Green	B-GPE
Bay	I-GPE
or	O
Buffalo	B-GPE
.	O


Con	O
men	O
hate	O
snow	O
.	O


Newport	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
fits	O
the	O
scam	O
artists	O
'	O
specifications	O
perfectly	O
.	O


What	O
more	O
could	O
a	O
con	O
man	O
in	O
search	O
of	O
the	O
easy	O
life	O
ask	O
for	O
?	O


Nothing	O
seems	O
hard	O
here	O
.	O


The	O
breezes	O
are	O
soft	O
,	O
the	O
waves	O
lap	O
gently	O
and	O
the	O
palm	O
trees	O
sway	O
lazily	O
.	O


Nightlife	O
is	O
plentiful	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
ostentation	O
is	O
appreciated	O
.	O


The	O
median	O
price	O
of	O
homes	O
is	O
$	O
547,000	B-MONEY
;	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
9,000	I-CARDINAL
vessels	O
fill	O
what	O
the	O
chamber	O
of	O
commerce	O
calls	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
largest	O
pleasure	O
-	O
boat	O
harbor	O
.	O


``	O
Blondes	O
,	O
cocaine	O
and	O
Corvettes	B-PRODUCT
,	O
''	O
mutters	O
Mr.	O
McClelland	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
That	O
's	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
after	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
rich	O
image	O
of	O
Newport	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
also	O
helps	O
lend	O
the	O
con	O
artists	O
'	O
operation	O
an	O
air	O
of	O
respectability	O
.	O


``	O
One	B-CARDINAL
reason	O
they	O
use	O
Newport	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
is	O
that	O
it	O
sounds	O
swankier	O
than	O
most	O
addresses	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
David	B-PERSON
Katz	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
U.S.	B-GPE
attorney	O
who	O
,	O
until	O
recently	O
,	O
headed	O
a	O
multi-agency	O
Southern	B-LOC
California	I-LOC
fraud	O
task	O
force	O
.	O


``	O
Newport	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
is	O
known	O
in	O
Rhode	B-GPE
Island	I-GPE
for	O
having	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
rich	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


No	O
wonder	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
big	O
-	O
time	O
scams	O
have	O
flourished	O
here	O
,	O
from	O
phony	O
tax	O
-	O
sheltered	O
Bible	B-WORK_OF_ART
sales	O
to	O
crooked	O
car	O
dealers	O
to	O
bogus	O
penny	O
-	O
stock	O
traders	O
.	O


But	O
above	O
all	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
national	O
headquarters	O
for	O
boiler	O
-	O
room	O
operators	O
,	O
those	O
slick	O
-	O
talking	O
snake	O
-	O
oil	O
salesmen	O
who	O
use	O
the	O
telephone	O
to	O
extract	O
money	O
from	O
the	O
gullible	O
and	O
the	O
greedy	O
and	O
then	O
vanish	O
.	O


Because	O
only	O
a	O
fraction	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
ever	O
prosecuted	O
,	O
nobody	O
really	O
knows	O
how	O
much	O
money	O
bogus	O
telemarketing	O
operators	O
really	O
harvest	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
've	O
heard	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
$	B-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
taken	O
in	O
nationwide	O
by	O
boiler	O
rooms	O
every	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
McClelland	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
that	O
's	O
true	O
,	O
Orange	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
has	O
to	O
be	O
at	B-PERCENT
least	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
that	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
truly	O
big	O
scams	O
in	O
Orange	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
seem	O
to	O
originate	O
in	O
Newport	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
or	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
other	O
well	O
-	O
heeled	O
communities	O
that	O
surround	O
this	O
sliver	O
-	O
like	O
city	B-GPE
that	O
hooks	O
around	O
a	O
point	O
of	O
land	O
on	O
the	O
California	B-GPE
coast	O
south	O
of	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
sophisticated	O
big	O
-	O
bucks	O
boiler	O
-	O
room	O
scams	O
are	O
known	O
generically	O
among	O
law	O
-	O
enforcement	O
types	O
as	O
``	O
Newport	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
''	O
operations	O
.	O


That	O
contrasts	O
with	O
the	O
penny	O
-	O
ante	O
sales	O
of	O
things	O
such	O
as	O
pen	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
pencil	O
sets	O
and	O
office	O
supplies	O
that	O
are	O
known	O
as	O
``	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
''	O
scams	O
.	O


Newport	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
telemarketers	O
concentrate	O
on	O
precious	O
metals	O
and	O
oil	O
-	O
leasing	O
deals	O
that	O
typically	O
cost	O
thousands	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
a	O
shot	O
.	O


The	O
investors	O
range	O
from	O
elderly	O
widows	O
to	O
affluent	O
professionals	O
.	O


In	O
one	B-CARDINAL
ingenious	O
recent	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
Newport	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
boiler	O
room	O
,	O
prospective	O
investors	O
in	O
Capital	B-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
were	O
allegedly	O
told	O
that	O
their	O
investment	O
in	O
precious	O
metals	O
was	O
insured	O
against	O
losses	O
``	O
caused	O
by	O
employees	O
due	O
to	O
dishonesty	O
,	O
destruction	O
or	O
disappearance	O
,	O
''	O
according	O
to	O
an	O
indictment	O
handed	O
up	O
by	O
a	O
federal	O
grand	O
jury	O
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Thus	O
falsely	O
reassured	O
,	O
investors	O
sent	O
$	B-MONEY
11.4	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	O
the	O
Newport	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
company	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
which	O
was	O
diverted	O
to	O
unauthorized	O
uses	O
,	O
the	O
indictment	O
charges	O
.	O


Douglas	B-PERSON
Jones	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
attorney	O
representing	O
Richard	B-PERSON
O.	I-PERSON
Kelly	I-PERSON
Sr.	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
chairman	O
and	O
president	O
of	O
Capital	B-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
his	O
client	O
denies	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
any	O
attempt	O
to	O
defraud	O
investors	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
were	O
some	O
business	O
deals	O
that	O
went	O
bad	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Jones	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
``	O
but	O
no	O
intent	O
to	O
defraud	O
.	O
''	O


Newport	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
operations	O
differ	O
from	O
the	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
boiler	O
rooms	O
in	O
style	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
dollars	O
.	O


Traditionally	O
,	O
boiler	O
rooms	O
operate	O
on	O
the	O
cheap	O
,	O
since	O
few	O
,	O
if	O
any	O
,	O
customers	O
ever	O
visit	O
their	O
offices	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
derives	O
from	O
the	O
tendency	O
among	O
telemarketing	O
scammers	O
to	O
rent	O
cheap	O
basement	O
space	O
,	O
near	O
the	O
boiler	O
room	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Katz	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
attorney	O
,	O
``	O
the	O
interesting	O
thing	O
about	O
Newport	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
operations	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
give	O
themselves	O
the	O
indulgence	O
of	O
beautiful	O
offices	O
,	O
with	O
plush	O
furnishings	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
go	O
there	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
quite	O
different	O
from	O
these	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
places	O
where	O
the	O
sandwiches	O
are	O
spread	O
out	O
on	O
the	O
table	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
are	O
picking	O
their	O
noses	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Newport	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
operators	O
also	O
tend	O
to	O
indulge	O
themselves	O
privately	O
.	O


Investigators	O
cite	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
Matthew	B-PERSON
Valentine	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
currently	O
serving	O
a	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
sentence	O
at	O
Lompoc	B-FAC
Federal	I-FAC
Prison	I-FAC
for	O
his	O
role	O
in	O
Intech	B-ORG
Investment	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
promised	O
investors	O
returns	O
of	O
as	B-PERCENT
much	I-PERCENT
as	I-PERCENT
625	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
on	O
precious	O
metals	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Valentine	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
pleaded	O
guilty	O
to	O
five	B-CARDINAL
counts	O
of	O
fraud	O
in	O
federal	O
court	O
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
,	O
drove	O
a	O
leased	O
Mercedes	B-ORG
and	O
lived	O
in	O
an	O
expensive	O
home	O
on	O
Lido	B-LOC
Isle	I-LOC
,	O
an	O
island	O
in	O
Newport	B-GPE
's	O
harbor	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
investigators	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
received	O
from	O
investors	O
,	O
he	O
took	O
frequent	O
junkets	O
with	O
friends	O
to	O
exotic	O
locales	O
and	O
leased	O
an	O
expensive	O
BMW	B-ORG
for	O
his	O
girlfriend	O
,	O
whom	O
he	O
met	O
at	O
the	O
shop	O
where	O
he	O
got	O
his	O
custom	O
-	O
tailored	O
suits	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
amazing	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
money	O
that	O
goes	O
up	O
their	O
nose	O
,	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
dog	O
track	O
or	O
to	O
the	O
tables	O
in	O
Las	B-GPE
Vegas	I-GPE
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Katz	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


All	O
this	O
talk	O
of	O
boiler	O
rooms	O
and	O
fraud	O
is	O
unnerving	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
legitimate	O
business	O
element	O
.	O


Vincent	B-PERSON
M	I-PERSON
Ciavarella	I-PERSON
,	O
regional	O
manager	O
of	O
Property	B-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Systems	I-ORG
,	O
insists	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
of	O
any	O
bogus	O
telemarketers	O
operating	O
in	O
the	B-QUANTITY
1.6	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
of	O
office	O
space	O
around	O
Fashion	B-FAC
Island	I-FAC
that	O
his	O
company	O
leases	O
for	O
Irvine	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
owner	O
and	O
developer	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Ciavarella	B-PERSON
has	O
rejected	O
a	O
few	O
prospective	O
tenants	O
who	O
provided	O
``	O
incomplete	O
''	O
financial	O
information	O
and	O
acknowledges	O
that	O
illegitimate	O
operators	O
``	O
are	O
not	O
easily	O
detectable	O
.	O


''	O
-LRB-	O
Investigators	O
stress	O
that	O
building	O
owners	O
are	O
victims	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
since	O
boiler	O
rooms	O
often	O
leave	O
without	O
paying	O
rent	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Richard	B-PERSON
Luehrs	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Newport	I-ORG
Harbor	I-ORG
Area	I-ORG
Chamber	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
,	O
calls	O
boiler	O
rooms	O
a	O
``	O
negative	O
we	O
wish	O
we	O
could	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
.	O
''	O


Actually	O
,	O
``	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
much	O
negative	O
publicity	O
about	O
this	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
insists	O
,	O
``	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
press	O
who	O
write	O
about	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Lancaster	B-PERSON
is	O
deputy	O
chief	O
of	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Dallas	B-GPE
bureau	O
.	O


YOU	O
WENT	O
to	O
college	O
and	O
thought	O
you	O
got	O
an	O
education	O
.	O


Now	O
you	O
discover	O
that	O
you	O
never	O
learned	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
lesson	O
:	O
How	O
to	O
send	O
your	O
kids	O
to	O
college	O
.	O


True	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
went	O
to	O
college	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
n't	O
that	O
much	O
to	O
learn	O
.	O


Stick	O
some	O
money	O
in	O
an	O
interest	O
-	O
bearing	O
account	O
and	O
watch	O
it	O
grow	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
investment	O
salesmen	O
say	O
it	O
's	O
time	O
to	O
take	O
some	O
risks	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
returns	O
that	O
will	O
buy	O
your	O
toddler	O
a	O
ticket	O
to	O
Prestige	B-ORG
U.	I-ORG
in	O
18	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
short	O
,	O
throw	O
away	O
the	O
passbook	O
and	O
go	O
for	O
the	O
glory	O
.	O


The	O
reason	O
is	O
cost	O
.	O


Nothing	O
in	O
the	O
annals	O
of	O
tuition	O
readied	O
parents	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
.	O


Tuitions	O
at	O
private	O
colleges	O
rose	O
154	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
June	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
that	O
's	O
twice	O
the	O
77	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
increase	O
in	O
consumer	O
prices	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
.	O


A	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
at	O
Harvard	B-ORG
now	O
goes	O
for	O
$	O
19,395	B-MONEY
.	O


By	O
2007	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
newborns	O
hit	O
campus	O
,	O
a	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
Ivy	O
League	O
sheepskin	O
will	O
cost	O
$	O
300,000	B-MONEY
,	O
give	O
or	O
take	O
a	O
few	O
pizzas	O
-	O
with	O
-	O
everything	O
at	O
exam	O
time	O
.	O


Stanford	B-ORG
,	O
MIT	B-ORG
and	O
other	O
utmosts	O
will	O
cost	O
no	O
less	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
's	O
a	O
parent	O
to	O
do	O
?	O


Some	O
investment	O
advisers	O
are	O
suggesting	O
,	O
in	O
effect	O
,	O
a	O
bet	O
on	O
a	O
start	O
-	O
up	O
investment	O
pool	O
--	O
maybe	O
even	O
on	O
margin	O
.	O


Others	O
prefer	O
deep	O
-	O
discount	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
bonds	O
.	O


Still	O
others	O
say	O
,	O
Why	O
not	O
take	O
a	O
chance	O
on	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
octane	O
growth	O
fund	O
?	O


``	O
You	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
bank	O
account	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
James	B-PERSON
Riepe	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
mutual	O
funds	O
at	O
T.	B-ORG
Rowe	I-ORG
Price	I-ORG
.	O


To	O
get	O
the	O
necessary	O
growth	O
,	O
adds	O
Murray	B-PERSON
Ruffel	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
marketing	O
official	O
at	O
the	O
Financial	B-ORG
Programs	I-ORG
mutual	O
-	O
fund	O
group	O
,	O
``	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
a	O
little	O
volatility	O
never	O
hurt	O
.	O


It	O
never	O
hurt	O
anyone	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
unless	O
the	O
growth	O
funds	O
do	O
n't	O
grow	O
when	O
you	O
need	O
them	O
to	O
.	O


Or	O
the	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
bonds	O
turn	O
out	O
not	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
discounted	O
deeply	O
enough	O
to	O
pay	O
your	O
kid	O
's	O
tuition	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
dilemma	O
for	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
parent	O
.	O


Although	O
many	O
experts	O
are	O
advising	O
risk	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
has	O
a	O
good	O
answer	O
for	O
you	O
if	O
the	O
risk	O
does	O
n't	O
pay	O
off	O
.	O


Help	O
may	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


The	O
antitrust	O
division	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
is	O
investigating	O
the	O
oddly	O
similar	O
tuition	O
charges	O
and	O
increases	O
among	O
the	O
top	O
schools	O
.	O


Fear	O
of	O
the	O
price	O
police	O
could	O
help	O
cool	O
things	O
off	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
then	O
there	O
's	O
always	O
State	B-ORG
U	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
parents	O
'	O
craving	O
for	O
a	O
top	O
-	O
rated	O
education	O
for	O
their	O
children	O
is	O
growing	O
like	O
their	O
taste	O
for	O
fancy	O
wheels	O
and	O
vintage	O
wine	O
.	O


Belatedly	O
aware	O
of	O
public	O
concern	O
,	O
lawmakers	O
and	O
financial	O
middlemen	O
are	O
working	O
overtime	O
to	O
create	O
and	O
sell	O
college	O
savings	O
and	O
investment	O
schemes	O
.	O


Their	O
message	O
,	O
explicit	O
or	O
implicit	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
a	O
good	O
college	O
will	O
cost	O
so	O
much	O
by	O
whenever	O
you	O
want	O
it	O
that	O
the	O
tried	O
and	O
true	O
wo	O
n't	O
do	O
anymore	O
.	O


Forget	O
about	O
Treasury	B-ORG
bills	O
or	O
a	O
money	O
-	O
market	O
fund	O
.	O


The	O
latest	O
wave	O
of	O
marketing	O
is	O
instructive	O
.	O


Several	O
outfits	O
--	O
including	O
the	B-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Programs	I-ORG
,	O
Franklin	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
T.	B-ORG
Rowe	I-ORG
Price	I-ORG
mutual	O
-	O
fund	O
groups	O
and	O
the	O
Edward	B-ORG
D.	I-ORG
Jones	I-ORG
brokerage	O
house	O
--	O
are	O
advertising	O
``	O
college	O
planner	O
''	O
tables	O
and	O
charts	O
that	O
tell	O
you	O
how	O
much	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
put	O
aside	O
regularly	O
.	O


The	O
calculations	O
generally	O
rely	O
on	O
an	O
after	O
-	O
tax	O
rate	O
of	O
return	O
of	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
annually	B-DATE
--	O
a	O
rate	O
historically	O
obtainable	O
by	O
the	O
individual	O
in	O
only	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
place	O
,	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
mailers	O
are	O
free	O
,	O
but	O
Denver	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
Financial	B-ORG
Programs	I-ORG
sells	O
,	O
for	O
$	O
15	B-MONEY
,	O
a	O
version	O
customized	O
to	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
the	O
child	O
and	O
the	O
college	O
of	O
choice	O
.	O


The	O
figures	O
are	O
shocking	O
.	O


To	O
build	O
a	O
nest	O
egg	O
that	O
would	O
pay	O
for	O
Stanford	B-ORG
when	O
a	O
current	O
first	O
-	O
grader	O
reaches	O
college	O
age	O
,	O
parents	O
would	O
need	O
to	O
set	O
aside	O
$	O
773.94	B-MONEY
a	O
month	O
--	O
for	O
12	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


They	O
can	O
cut	O
this	O
to	O
$	O
691.09	B-MONEY
a	O
month	O
if	O
the	O
investing	O
keeps	O
up	O
through	O
college	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
can	O
further	O
reduce	O
the	O
monthly	B-DATE
amount	O
if	O
they	O
start	O
saving	O
earlier	O
--	O
when	O
mother	O
and	O
child	O
come	O
home	O
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O


Plugging	O
a	O
cheaper	O
college	O
into	O
the	O
formulas	O
still	O
does	O
n't	O
generate	O
an	O
installment	O
most	O
people	O
can	O
live	O
with	O
.	O


Using	O
a	O
recent	O
average	O
private	O
-	O
school	O
cost	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
12,500	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
,	O
T.	B-ORG
Rowe	I-ORG
Price	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
planner	O
prescribes	O
$	O
450	B-MONEY
monthly	B-DATE
if	O
the	O
plan	O
begins	O
when	O
the	O
child	O
is	O
six	B-DATE
.	O


Since	O
the	O
formula	O
assumes	O
an	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
before	O
-	O
tax	O
return	O
in	O
a	O
mutual	O
fund	O
,	O
there	O
would	O
also	O
be	O
$	O
16,500	B-MONEY
in	O
taxes	O
to	O
pay	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
12	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Not	O
everyone	O
is	O
so	O
pessimistic	O
.	O


``	O
People	O
are	O
basically	O
peddling	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
fear	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Arthur	B-PERSON
Hauptman	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
consultant	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
on	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
takes	O
issue	O
with	O
projections	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
factor	O
in	O
students	O
'	O
own	O
contribution	O
,	O
which	O
reduces	O
most	O
parents	O
'	O
burden	O
substantially	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
it	O
's	O
no	O
bad	O
thing	O
''	O
if	O
all	O
the	O
marketing	O
prods	O
people	O
into	O
putting	O
aside	O
a	O
little	O
more	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
situation	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
avoid	O
is	O
having	O
somebody	O
not	O
save	O
anything	O
and	O
hope	O
they	O
'll	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
out	O
of	O
current	O
income	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
That	O
's	O
crazy	O
.	O
''	O


His	O
advice	O
:	O
Do	O
n't	O
panic	O
.	O


Parents	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
should	O
aim	O
at	O
whatever	O
regular	O
investment	O
sum	O
they	O
can	O
afford	O
.	O


Half	B-CARDINAL
the	O
amount	O
that	O
the	O
investment	O
tables	O
suggest	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
goal	O
,	O
he	O
adds	O
.	O


That	O
way	O
,	O
parents	O
will	O
reduce	O
borrowings	O
and	O
outlays	O
from	O
current	O
income	O
when	O
the	O
time	O
comes	O
to	O
pay	O
tuition	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Hauptman	B-PERSON
reckons	O
that	O
the	O
best	O
investment	O
choice	O
is	O
mutual	O
funds	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
managed	O
and	O
over	O
time	O
have	O
nearly	O
kept	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
broad	O
stock	O
averages	O
.	O


He	O
favors	O
either	O
an	O
all	O
-	O
stock	O
fund	O
or	O
a	O
balanced	O
fund	O
that	O
mixes	O
both	O
stocks	O
and	O
bonds	O
.	O


In	O
their	O
anxiety	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
parents	O
and	O
other	O
student	O
benefactors	O
are	O
flocking	O
to	O
new	O
schemes	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
laid	O
out	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
for	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
baccalaureate	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
-	O
coupon	O
municipal	O
bonds	O
--	O
so	O
far	O
offered	O
by	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
,	O
Illinois	B-GPE
,	O
Virginia	B-GPE
and	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
other	O
states	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
have	O
bought	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
prepaid	O
-	O
tuition	O
plans	O
,	O
offered	O
in	O
Michigan	B-GPE
,	O
Florida	B-GPE
and	O
Wyoming	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
prepaid	O
plans	O
take	O
payment	O
today	B-DATE
--	O
usually	O
at	O
current	O
tuitions	O
or	O
at	O
a	O
slight	O
discount	O
--	O
for	O
a	O
promise	O
that	O
tuition	O
will	O
be	O
covered	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
baccalaureate	O
bonds	O
--	O
tax	O
-	O
free	O
,	O
offered	O
in	O
small	O
denominations	O
and	O
usually	O
containing	O
a	O
provision	O
that	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
called	O
before	O
maturity	O
--	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
tailor	O
-	O
made	O
for	O
college	O
savers	O
.	O


Like	O
other	O
zeros	B-CARDINAL
,	O
they	O
pay	O
all	O
their	O
interest	O
at	O
maturity	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
buyers	O
can	O
time	O
things	O
so	O
that	O
their	O
bonds	O
pay	O
off	O
just	O
when	O
Junior	O
graduates	O
from	O
high	O
school	O
.	O


Their	O
compounding	O
effect	O
is	O
also	O
alluring	O
.	O


In	O
June	B-DATE
,	O
Virginia	B-GPE
sold	O
bonds	O
for	O
$	O
268.98	B-MONEY
that	O
will	O
pay	O
$	O
1,000	B-MONEY
in	O
2009	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Anderson	I-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Forum	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
College	I-ORG
Financing	I-ORG
Alternatives	I-ORG
,	O
at	O
Columbia	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
research	O
group	O
partly	O
financed	O
by	O
the	O
federal	O
government	O
,	O
says	O
zeros	B-CARDINAL
are	O
particularly	O
ill	O
-	O
suited	O
.	O


Their	O
price	O
falls	O
further	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
other	O
bonds	O
when	O
inflation	O
and	O
interest	O
rates	O
kick	O
up	O
.	O


That	O
wo	O
n't	O
matter	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
held	O
to	O
maturity	O
,	O
but	O
if	O
,	O
for	O
any	O
reason	O
,	O
the	O
parents	O
need	O
to	O
sell	O
them	O
before	O
then	O
,	O
there	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
severe	O
loss	O
of	O
principal	O
.	O


Had	O
zeros	B-CARDINAL
been	O
available	O
in	O
1972	B-DATE
and	O
had	O
parents	O
bought	O
a	O
face	O
amount	O
equal	O
to	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
'	I-DATE
tuition	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
aiming	O
for	O
their	O
children	O
's	O
1988	B-DATE
enrollment	O
,	O
they	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
left	O
with	O
only	O
enough	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
figures	O
.	O


Most	O
other	O
bonds	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
would	O
probably	O
not	O
have	O
fared	O
much	O
better	O
.	O


The	O
prepaid	O
plans	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
bet	O
,	O
provided	O
the	O
guarantee	O
of	O
future	O
tuition	O
is	O
secure	O
.	O


Issuing	O
states	O
generally	O
limit	O
the	O
guarantees	O
to	O
in	O
-	O
state	O
institutions	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
and	O
buyers	O
get	O
refunds	O
without	O
much	O
interest	O
if	O
the	O
children	O
do	O
n't	O
attend	O
the	O
specified	O
schools	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
private	O
groups	O
are	O
seeking	O
Securities	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
approval	O
for	O
plans	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
more	O
broadly	O
transferable	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
wants	O
the	O
prestige	O
colleges	O
to	O
sponsor	O
such	O
a	O
plan	O
.	O


The	O
issue	O
here	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
soundness	O
of	O
the	O
guarantee	O
.	O


Prepayments	O
,	O
much	O
like	O
mutual	O
-	O
fund	O
purchases	O
,	O
are	O
pooled	O
for	O
investment	O
.	O


Sponsors	O
are	O
naturally	O
counting	O
on	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
keep	O
ahead	O
of	O
tuition	O
inflation	O
with	O
investment	O
returns	O
.	O


But	O
buyers	O
are	O
essentially	O
betting	O
on	O
a	O
start	O
-	O
up	O
investment	O
fund	O
with	O
no	O
track	O
record	O
--	O
and	O
some	O
have	O
been	O
encouraged	O
to	O
borrow	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
problem	O
is	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Internal	I-ORG
Revenue	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
has	O
decided	O
that	O
the	O
investment	O
earnings	O
and	O
gains	O
of	O
the	O
sponsors	O
'	O
funds	O
are	O
taxable	O
.	O


The	O
colleges	O
,	O
as	O
educational	O
institutions	O
,	O
had	O
hoped	O
that	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


Based	O
on	O
historical	O
rates	O
of	O
return	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
reckons	O
a	O
100	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stock	O
portfolio	O
,	O
indexed	O
to	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
would	O
have	O
kept	O
up	O
with	O
tuition	O
and	O
taxes	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
sponsors	O
might	O
not	O
pick	O
the	O
stocks	O
that	O
will	O
match	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
're	O
leaning	O
more	O
toward	O
fixed	O
income	O
,	O
whose	O
returns	O
after	O
tax	O
have	O
trailed	O
tuition	O
increases	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
work	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Anderson	B-PERSON
.	O


What	O
happens	O
if	O
the	O
sponsors	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
cash	O
to	O
pay	O
the	O
tuitions	O
?	O


Florida	B-GPE
and	O
Wyoming	B-GPE
have	O
backed	O
up	O
their	O
guarantees	O
with	O
the	O
full	O
faith	O
and	O
credit	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
governments	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
taxpayers	O
will	O
pick	O
up	O
any	O
slack	O
.	O


Not	O
so	O
Michigan	B-GPE
.	O


Its	O
plan	O
is	O
set	O
up	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
agency	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
says	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
worry	O
--	O
investment	O
returns	O
,	O
combined	O
with	O
fees	O
and	O
the	O
gains	O
from	O
unused	O
plans	O
,	O
will	O
provide	O
all	O
the	O
cash	O
it	O
needs	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Putka	B-PERSON
covers	O
education	O
from	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Boston	B-GPE
bureau	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
start	O
saving	O
for	O
your	O
child	O
's	O
eduction	O
on	O
Jan.	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
,	O
here	O
's	O
the	O
monthly	B-DATE
sum	O
you	O
will	O
need	O
to	O
invest	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
at	O
Yale	B-ORG
,	O
Notre	B-ORG
Dame	I-ORG
and	O
University	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Minnesota	I-ORG
.	O


Figures	O
assume	O
a	O
7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
annual	B-DATE
rise	O
in	O
tuition	O
,	O
fees	O
,	O
room	O
and	O
board	O
and	O
an	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
annual	B-DATE
investment	O
return	O
.	O


Note	O
:	O
These	O
figures	O
are	O
only	O
for	O
mandatory	O
charges	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
include	O
books	O
,	O
transportation	O
etc	O
.	O


\*	O
For	O
in	O
-	O
state	O
students	O


Source	O
:	O
PaineWebber	B-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


AMONG	O
THE	O
CATFISH	O
farmers	O
in	O
the	O
watery	O
delta	O
land	O
of	O
Humphreys	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
Miss.	B-GPE
,	O
Allen	B-PERSON
D.	I-PERSON
Tharp	I-PERSON
of	O
Isola	B-GPE
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
known	O
and	O
most	O
enterprising	O
.	O


He	O
sold	O
quarter	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
inch	I-QUANTITY
fingerlings	O
to	O
stock	O
other	O
farmers	O
'	O
ponds	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
bought	O
back	O
one	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
pound	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
or	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
so	I-QUANTITY
food	O
-	O
fish	O
that	O
he	O
``	O
live	O
-	O
hauled	O
''	O
to	O
market	O
along	O
with	O
his	O
own	O
whiskery	O
crop	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
nearly	O
always	O
bought	O
and	O
sold	O
for	O
cash	O
.	O


Along	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Tharp	B-PERSON
omitted	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
from	O
his	O
receipts	O
reported	O
on	O
federal	O
tax	O
returns	O
for	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
returns	O
landed	O
in	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
an	O
Internal	B-ORG
Revenue	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
criminal	O
investigator	O
,	O
Samuel	B-PERSON
James	I-PERSON
Baker	I-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Baker	B-PERSON
interviewed	O
or	O
wrote	O
to	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
catfish	O
farmers	O
,	O
live	O
-	O
haulers	O
and	O
processors	O
throughout	O
the	O
South	B-LOC
before	O
coming	O
up	O
with	O
detailed	O
estimates	O
of	O
purchases	O
and	O
sales	O
,	O
in	O
pounds	O
and	O
dollars	O
,	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Tharp	B-PERSON
and	O
others	O
.	O


Unknown	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Tharp	B-PERSON
,	O
he	O
had	O
fouled	O
his	O
net	O
on	O
a	O
special	O
IRS	B-ORG
project	O
to	O
catch	O
catfish	O
farmers	O
and	O
haulers	O
inclined	O
to	O
cheat	O
on	O
their	O
taxes	O
.	O


Confronted	O
with	O
the	O
evidence	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Tharp	B-PERSON
pleaded	O
guilty	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
charge	O
of	O
filing	O
a	O
false	O
return	O
and	O
was	O
fined	O
$	O
5,000	B-MONEY
and	O
sentenced	O
to	O
18	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
in	O
prison	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
owes	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
back	O
taxes	O
,	O
interest	O
and	O
civil	O
fraud	O
penalties	O
.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
taxpayers	O
out	O
there	O
are	O
n't	O
as	O
paranoid	O
as	O
one	O
might	O
think	O
.	O


Federal	O
and	O
state	O
tax	O
enforcers	O
develop	O
many	O
group	O
targets	O
for	O
investigation	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
occupation	O
,	O
high	O
income	O
,	O
type	O
of	O
income	O
,	O
or	O
some	O
other	O
characteristic	O
that	O
may	O
signal	O
an	O
opportunity	O
or	O
tendency	O
to	O
hide	O
income	O
or	O
exaggerate	O
deductions	O
.	O


Many	O
professions	O
long	O
have	O
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
targets	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
exotic	O
or	O
ludicrous	O
efforts	O
of	O
some	O
members	O
to	O
offset	O
high	O
income	O
with	O
fake	O
losses	O
from	O
phony	O
tax	O
shelters	O
:	O
dentists	O
who	O
invested	O
in	O
dubiously	O
dubbed	O
foreign	O
films	O
or	O
airline	O
pilots	O
who	O
raised	O
racehorses	O
on	O
their	O
days	O
off	O
.	O


Mail	O
-	O
order	O
ministers	O
have	O
been	O
squelched	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
television	O
and	O
radio	O
evangelists	O
are	O
under	O
scrutiny	O
.	O


The	O
IRS	B-ORG
recently	O
won	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
long	O
-	O
running	O
battle	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Church	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Scientology	I-ORG
over	O
exemptions	O
when	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
held	O
that	O
members	O
'	O
payments	O
to	O
the	O
church	O
were	O
n't	O
deductible	O
because	O
the	O
members	O
received	O
services	O
in	O
return	O
.	O


IRS	B-ORG
statistics	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
more	O
persistent	O
hiders	O
of	O
income	O
among	O
sole	O
proprietors	O
of	O
businesses	O
include	O
used	O
-	O
car	O
dealers	O
,	O
entertainment	O
producers	O
,	O
masons	O
,	O
roofers	O
,	O
and	O
taxi	O
owners	O
.	O


Small	O
businesses	O
in	O
general	O
account	O
for	O
almost	B-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
unreported	O
personal	O
income	O
,	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
has	O
said	O
.	O


Once	O
such	O
abuses	O
become	O
so	O
pervasive	O
,	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
builds	O
another	O
factor	O
into	O
its	O
secret	O
computer	O
formula	O
for	O
selecting	O
returns	O
for	O
audit	O
and	O
does	O
n't	O
need	O
special	O
projects	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


San	B-NORP
Franciscans	I-NORP
have	O
a	O
much	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
audits	O
than	O
average	O
because	O
more	O
of	O
them	O
score	O
high	O
under	O
that	O
formula	O
,	O
not	O
because	O
IRS	B-ORG
agents	O
envy	O
their	O
life	O
styles	O
.	O


Many	O
openings	O
for	O
mass	O
cheating	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
questionable	O
tax	O
shelters	O
and	O
home	O
offices	O
,	O
have	O
gaped	O
so	O
broadly	O
that	O
Congress	B-ORG
has	O
passed	O
stringent	O
laws	O
to	O
close	O
them	O
.	O


Deductions	O
of	O
charitable	O
gifts	O
of	O
highly	O
valued	O
art	O
now	O
must	O
be	O
accompanied	O
by	O
appraisals	O
.	O


And	O
laws	O
requiring	O
the	O
reporting	O
of	O
more	O
varieties	O
of	O
transactions	O
have	O
enabled	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
to	O
rely	O
on	O
computers	O
to	O
ferret	O
out	O
discrepancies	O
with	O
returns	O
and	O
to	O
generate	O
form	O
-	O
letter	O
inquiries	O
to	O
taxpayers	O
.	O


Unreported	O
alimony	O
income	O
can	O
be	O
spotted	O
by	O
computer	O
because	O
a	O
payer	O
of	O
alimony	O
-LRB-	O
who	O
gets	O
a	O
deduction	O
-RRB-	O
must	O
report	O
the	O
former	O
spouse	O
's	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
number	O
.	O


Passport	O
applicants	O
now	O
must	O
give	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
numbers	O
,	O
enabling	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
to	O
see	O
whether	O
Americans	B-NORP
living	O
abroad	O
are	O
filing	O
required	O
U.S.	B-GPE
returns	O
.	O


But	O
while	O
IRS	B-ORG
computers	O
focus	O
routinely	O
on	O
target	O
groups	O
like	O
these	O
,	O
the	O
agency	O
has	O
assigned	O
many	O
agents	O
to	O
special	O
projects	O
that	O
need	O
more	O
personal	O
attention	O
.	O


In	O
most	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
says	O
,	O
these	O
projects	O
are	O
local	O
or	O
regional	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
national	O
,	O
and	O
arise	O
because	O
auditors	O
in	O
an	O
area	O
detect	O
some	O
pattern	O
of	O
abuse	O
among	O
,	O
say	O
,	O
factory	O
workers	O
claiming	O
that	O
having	O
a	O
multitude	O
of	O
dependents	O
frees	O
them	O
from	O
tax	O
withholding	O
or	O
yacht	O
owners	O
deducting	O
losses	O
from	O
sideline	O
charter	O
businesses	O
.	O


The	O
national	O
office	O
currently	O
has	O
21	B-CARDINAL
noncriminal	O
audit	O
projects	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Marshall	B-PERSON
V.	I-PERSON
Washburn	I-PERSON
,	O
deputy	O
assistant	O
commissioner	O
for	O
examination	O
.	O


Auditors	O
involved	O
in	O
noncriminal	O
projects	O
ca	O
n't	O
send	O
anyone	O
to	O
jail	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
can	O
make	O
life	O
miserable	O
in	O
other	O
ways	O
--	O
for	O
one	O
,	O
by	O
imposing	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
150	B-CARDINAL
different	O
civil	O
penalties	O
for	O
negligence	O
,	O
failure	O
to	O
file	O
a	O
return	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
like	O
.	O


The	O
targeted	O
audit	O
groups	O
include	O
direct	O
sellers	O
--	O
people	O
who	O
sell	O
cosmetics	O
,	O
housewares	O
and	O
other	O
items	O
door	O
to	O
door	O
or	O
at	O
home	O
parties	O
--	O
and	O
employers	O
who	O
label	O
workers	O
as	O
independent	O
contractors	O
instead	O
of	O
employees	O
,	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
employer	O
share	O
of	O
payroll	O
taxes	O
.	O


Other	O
projects	O
look	O
for	O
offenders	O
among	O
waiters	O
who	O
get	O
cash	O
tips	O
,	O
people	O
who	O
engage	O
in	O
large	O
cash	O
transactions	O
,	O
and	O
people	O
whose	O
returns	O
show	O
they	O
sold	O
a	O
home	O
for	O
a	O
profit	O
without	O
reinvesting	O
the	O
capital	O
gain	O
in	O
another	O
home	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
same	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
the	O
gain	O
must	O
be	O
rolled	O
over	O
within	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
defer	O
tax	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
that	O
returns	O
must	O
show	O
dependents	O
'	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
numbers	O
,	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
wants	O
to	O
see	O
which	O
dependents	O
show	O
up	O
on	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
return	O
--	O
and	O
which	O
dependents	O
turn	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
deceased	O
.	O


Impetus	O
for	O
the	O
direct	O
-	O
seller	O
project	O
came	O
from	O
a	O
congressional	O
hearing	O
some	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
back	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
prompted	O
an	O
IRS	B-ORG
study	O
that	O
found	O
many	O
sellers	O
were	O
concealing	O
income	O
and	O
treating	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
nondeductible	O
travel	O
and	O
other	O
personal	O
expenses	O
as	O
business	O
costs	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Washburn	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


The	O
study	O
provided	O
criteria	O
for	O
singling	O
out	O
returns	O
of	O
``	O
potentially	O
noncompliant	O
''	O
taxpayers	O
who	O
report	O
low	O
income	O
and	O
large	O
expenses	O
from	O
a	O
part	O
-	O
time	O
business	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Tax	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
recently	O
denied	O
business	O
deductions	O
by	O
Mr.	O
and	O
Mrs.	O
Peter	B-PERSON
S.	I-PERSON
Rubin	I-PERSON
of	O
Cherry	B-GPE
Hill	I-GPE
,	O
N.J.	B-GPE
,	O
who	O
both	O
were	O
part	O
-	O
time	O
distributors	O
of	O
Amway	B-ORG
products	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
their	O
regular	O
jobs	O
as	O
sales	O
people	O
in	O
other	O
fields	O
.	O


For	O
1984	B-DATE
,	O
they	O
reported	O
gross	O
income	O
of	O
$	O
1,647	B-MONEY
from	O
Amway	B-ORG
sales	O
,	O
offset	O
by	O
expenses	O
totaling	O
$	O
16,746	B-MONEY
--	O
including	O
car	O
costs	O
of	O
$	O
6,805	B-MONEY
and	O
travel	O
and	O
entertainment	O
costs	O
of	O
$	O
5,088	B-MONEY
.	O


The	B-ORG
Tax	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
did	O
n't	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
Rubins	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
earned	O
$	O
65,619	B-MONEY
in	O
their	O
regular	O
jobs	O
,	O
treated	O
the	O
sideline	O
as	O
a	O
real	O
business	O
and	O
derived	O
``	O
merely	O
incidental	O
elements	O
of	O
recreation	O
and	O
other	O
personal	O
pleasure	O
and	O
benefits	O
''	O
from	O
it	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Direct	I-ORG
Selling	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
trade	O
group	O
,	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
its	O
members	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
Amway	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
cooperate	O
with	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
to	O
distribute	O
tax	O
-	O
compliance	O
material	O
to	O
sales	O
people	O
and	O
are	O
helping	O
to	O
prepare	O
a	O
public	O
-	O
service	O
television	O
program	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
.	O


The	O
independent	O
-	O
contractor	O
project	O
,	O
which	O
began	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
involves	O
about	B-CARDINAL
350	I-CARDINAL
IRS	B-ORG
agents	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
nine	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
June	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
,	O
reports	O
Raymond	B-PERSON
P.	I-PERSON
Keenan	I-PERSON
,	O
assistant	O
commissioner	O
for	O
collection	O
,	O
they	O
examined	O
about	B-CARDINAL
13,000	I-CARDINAL
employers	O
,	O
assessed	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
67	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
delinquent	O
employment	O
taxes	O
,	O
and	O
reclassified	O
about	B-CARDINAL
56,000	I-CARDINAL
workers	O
as	O
employees	O
instead	O
of	O
self	O
-	O
employed	O
contractors	O
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
misclassified	O
workers	O
may	O
be	O
in	O
the	B-CARDINAL
millions	I-CARDINAL
,	O
mostly	O
paid	O
by	O
small	O
firms	O
.	O


Many	O
workers	O
,	O
especially	O
professionals	O
,	O
want	O
to	O
remain	O
independent	O
to	O
avoid	O
tax	O
withholding	O
and	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
deduct	O
many	O
expenses	O
that	O
employees	O
ca	O
n't	O
.	O


But	O
many	O
others	O
,	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
qualify	O
for	O
employee	O
benefits	O
and	O
unemployment	O
compensation	O
,	O
become	O
tipsters	O
for	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
,	O
says	O
Jerry	B-PERSON
Lackey	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
manages	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
project	O
's	O
force	O
of	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
agents	O
in	O
north	O
and	O
central	O
Florida	B-GPE
from	O
Orlando	B-GPE
.	O


Firms	O
that	O
are	O
paying	O
employment	O
taxes	O
also	O
provide	O
leads	O
to	O
competitors	O
that	O
are	O
n't	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
area	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Lackey	B-PERSON
continues	O
,	O
the	O
miscreant	O
employers	O
most	O
commonly	O
are	O
in	O
construction	O
--	O
doing	O
framing	O
,	O
drywall	O
,	O
masonry	O
and	O
similar	O
work	O
.	O


But	O
a	O
medical	O
clinic	O
with	O
about	B-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
employees	O
wrongly	O
listed	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
--	O
including	O
physicians	O
and	O
receptionists	O
--	O
as	O
independent	O
contractors	O
.	O


The	O
IRS	B-ORG
assessed	O
the	O
clinic	O
$	O
350,000	B-MONEY
in	O
back	O
payroll	O
taxes	O
.	O


It	O
assessed	O
nearly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
500,000	I-MONEY
against	O
a	O
cruise	O
-	O
ship	O
company	O
that	O
carried	O
about	B-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
deckhands	O
,	O
cooks	O
,	O
bartenders	O
,	O
entertainers	O
and	O
other	O
employees	O
as	O
self	O
-	O
employed	O
independents	O
.	O


Revenue	O
-	O
short	O
states	O
also	O
are	O
becoming	O
more	O
aggressive	O
pursuers	O
of	O
tax	O
delinquents	O
,	O
and	O
perhaps	O
none	O
tracks	O
them	O
down	O
with	O
more	O
relish	O
than	O
does	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
since	O
it	O
acquired	O
an	O
$	B-MONEY
80	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
computer	O
system	O
in	O
1985	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
state	O
's	O
tax	O
enforcers	O
have	O
amassed	O
data	O
bases	O
from	O
other	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
agencies	O
that	O
license	O
or	O
register	O
professionals	O
and	O
businesses	O
;	O
from	O
exchange	O
agreements	O
with	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
,	O
24	B-CARDINAL
other	O
states	O
,	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Canadian	B-NORP
provinces	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
from	O
phonebook	O
Yellow	B-ORG
Pages	I-ORG
.	O


Thus	O
armed	O
for	O
massive	O
matching	O
of	O
documents	O
by	O
computer	O
,	O
they	O
single	O
out	O
high	O
-	O
income	O
groups	O
,	O
looking	O
primarily	O
for	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
n't	O
filed	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
income	O
-	O
tax	O
returns	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
has	O
combed	O
through	O
records	O
relating	O
to	O
architects	O
,	O
stockbrokers	O
,	O
lawyers	O
in	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
area	O
,	O
construction	O
workers	O
from	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
,	O
and	O
homeowners	O
who	O
claim	O
to	O
be	O
residents	O
of	O
other	O
states	O
--	O
especially	O
Florida	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
has	O
no	O
personal	O
income	O
tax	O
.	O


Soon	O
to	O
feel	O
the	O
glare	O
of	O
attention	O
are	O
lawyers	O
elsewhere	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
,	O
doctors	O
,	O
dentists	O
,	O
and	O
accountants	O
,	O
says	O
Frederick	B-PERSON
G.	I-PERSON
Hicks	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
tax	O
-	O
department	O
division	O
that	O
develops	O
the	O
computer	O
-	O
matching	O
programs	O
.	O


The	O
department	O
has	O
collected	O
over	O
$	B-MONEY
6.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
from	O
brokers	O
so	O
far	O
and	O
recommended	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
for	O
criminal	O
prosecution	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
checking	O
people	O
with	O
incomes	O
exceeding	O
$	O
500,000	B-MONEY
who	O
were	O
filing	O
nonresident	O
returns	O
,	O
it	O
squeezed	O
$	B-MONEY
7.5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
out	O
of	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
was	O
posing	O
as	O
a	O
Florida	B-GPE
resident	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
think	O
we	O
can	O
reclaim	O
hundreds	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
millions	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
just	O
through	O
the	O
nonresident	O
project	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Hicks	B-PERSON
declares	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Schmedel	B-PERSON
is	O
editor	O
of	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Tax	O
Report	O
column	O
.	O


In	O
finding	O
``	O
good	O
news	O
''	O
in	O
Berkeley	B-ORG
's	O
new	O
freshman	O
admissions	O
plan	O
-LRB-	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Privileged	I-WORK_OF_ART
Class	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
editorial	O
,	O
Sept.	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
reading	O
the	O
headline	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
story	O
.	O


The	O
plan	O
indeed	O
raises	O
from	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
the	O
number	O
of	O
freshmen	O
applicants	O
admitted	O
strictly	O
by	O
academic	O
criteria	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
mean	O
``	O
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
students	O
attending	O
Berkeley	B-ORG
''	O
will	O
be	O
admitted	O
this	O
way	O
.	O


The	O
plan	O
is	O
talking	O
about	O
applicants	O
admitted	O
,	O
not	O
students	O
who	O
enroll	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
``	O
yield	O
''	O
from	O
this	O
top	O
slice	O
of	O
applicants	O
is	O
relatively	O
low	O
,	O
boosting	O
admits	O
from	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
will	O
boost	O
registrants	O
from	O
about	B-PERCENT
31	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
38	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
class	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
perhaps	B-PERCENT
5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
registrants	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
a	O
new	O
category	O
consisting	O
of	O
applicants	O
whose	O
academic	O
credentials	O
``	O
narrowly	O
missed	O
''	O
gaining	O
them	O
admission	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
category	O
.	O


But	O
against	O
that	O
combined	O
increase	O
of	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
students	O
chosen	O
by	O
academic	O
criteria	O
,	O
the	O
plan	O
eliminates	O
a	O
large	O
category	O
in	O
which	O
admissions	O
now	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
grades	O
,	O
test	O
scores	O
and	O
``	O
supplemental	O
points	O
''	O
for	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
high	O
-	O
school	O
curriculum	O
,	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
language	O
proficiency	O
and	O
an	O
essay	O
.	O


This	O
category	O
now	O
accounts	O
for	O
about	B-PERCENT
19	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
admits	O
and	O
22	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
registrants	O
.	O


The	O
plan	O
thus	O
will	O
decrease	O
by	O
22	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
for	O
a	O
net	O
loss	O
of	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
students	O
admitted	O
primarily	O
by	O
academic	O
criteria	O
.	O


Who	O
will	O
take	O
over	O
these	O
places	O
?	O


The	O
plan	O
creates	O
a	O
new	O
category	O
of	O
students	O
from	O
``	O
socioeconomically	O
disadvantaged	O
backgrounds	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
concept	O
not	O
yet	O
defined	O
,	O
and	O
gives	O
them	O
about	B-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
class	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
plan	O
's	O
authors	O
has	O
defended	O
the	O
``	O
socioeconomic	O
disadvantage	O
''	O
category	O
as	O
perhaps	O
making	O
more	O
sense	O
than	O
the	O
current	O
affirmative	O
-	O
action	O
preferences	O
based	O
on	O
race	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
it	O
does	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
new	O
category	O
does	O
not	O
replace	O
or	O
reduce	O
Berkeley	B-ORG
's	O
broad	O
racial	O
preferences	O
.	O


Nor	O
will	O
students	O
from	O
racial	O
-	O
minority	O
groups	O
who	O
are	O
admitted	O
through	O
the	O
new	O
category	O
be	O
counted	O
against	O
the	O
affirmative	O
-	O
action	O
``	O
target	O
''	O
for	O
their	O
group	O
.	O


The	O
plan	O
thus	O
places	O
a	O
large	O
new	O
affirmative	O
-	O
action	O
program	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
``	O
socioeconomic	O
disadvantage	O
,	O
''	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
existing	O
program	O
based	O
on	O
race	O
.	O


The	O
role	O
of	O
academic	O
criteria	O
in	O
choosing	O
Berkeley	B-ORG
's	O
freshmen	O
can	O
only	O
decline	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
.	O


Stephen	B-PERSON
R.	I-PERSON
Barnett	I-PERSON
Professor	O
of	O
Law	O
University	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
California	I-ORG
Berkeley	I-ORG
,	O
Calif	B-GPE
.	O


FOR	O
THOSE	O
WHO	O
DELIGHT	O
in	O
the	O
misfortune	O
of	O
others	O
,	O
read	O
on	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
story	O
about	O
suckers	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
us	O
know	O
a	O
sucker	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
us	O
are	O
suckers	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
we	O
may	O
not	O
know	O
is	O
just	O
what	O
makes	O
somebody	O
a	O
sucker	O
.	O


What	O
makes	O
people	O
blurt	O
out	O
their	O
credit	O
-	O
card	O
numbers	O
to	O
a	O
caller	O
they	O
've	O
never	O
heard	O
of	O
?	O


Do	O
they	O
really	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
is	O
just	O
for	O
verification	O
and	O
is	O
simply	O
a	O
formality	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
to	O
being	O
a	O
grand	O
-	O
prize	O
winner	O
?	O


What	O
makes	O
a	O
person	O
buy	O
an	O
oil	O
well	O
from	O
some	O
stranger	O
knocking	O
on	O
the	O
screen	O
door	O
?	O


Or	O
an	O
interest	O
in	O
a	O
retirement	O
community	O
in	O
Nevada	B-GPE
that	O
will	O
knock	O
your	O
socks	O
off	O
,	O
once	O
it	O
is	O
built	O
?	O


Because	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
these	O
people	O
always	O
wind	O
up	O
asking	O
themselves	O
the	O
same	O
question	O
:	O
``	O
How	O
could	O
I	O
be	O
so	O
stupid	O
?	O
''	O


There	O
are	O
,	O
unfortunately	O
,	O
plenty	O
of	O
answers	O
to	O
that	O
question	O
--	O
and	O
scam	O
artists	O
know	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


``	O
These	O
people	O
are	O
very	O
skilled	O
at	O
finding	O
out	O
what	O
makes	O
a	O
person	O
tick	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Kent	B-PERSON
Neal	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
of	O
the	O
economic	O
-	O
crime	O
unit	O
of	O
the	O
Broward	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
State	O
Attorney	O
's	O
Office	B-ORG
in	O
Fort	B-GPE
Lauderdale	I-GPE
,	O
Fla.	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
major	O
haven	O
for	O
boiler	O
rooms	O
.	O


``	O
Once	O
they	O
size	O
them	O
up	O
,	O
then	O
they	O
know	O
what	O
buttons	O
to	O
push	O
.	O
''	O


John	B-PERSON
Blodgett	I-PERSON
agrees	O
--	O
and	O
he	O
ought	O
to	O
know	O
.	O


He	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
boiler	O
-	O
room	O
salesman	O
,	O
peddling	O
investments	O
in	O
oil	O
and	O
gas	O
wells	O
and	O
rare	O
coins	O
.	O


``	O
There	O
's	O
a	O
definite	O
psychology	O
of	O
the	O
sale	O
and	O
different	O
personalities	O
you	O
pitch	O
different	O
ways	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
obvious	O
pitch	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
lure	O
of	O
big	O
returns	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
're	O
all	O
a	O
little	O
greedy	O
.	O


Everyone	O
is	O
vulnerable	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Harper	I-PERSON
,	O
associate	O
regional	O
administrator	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
in	O
Miami	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
These	O
guys	O
prey	O
on	O
human	O
frailties	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
the	O
promises	O
of	O
big	O
profits	O
ought	O
to	O
set	O
off	O
warning	O
bells	O
,	O
they	O
often	O
do	O
n't	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
because	O
get	O
-	O
rich	O
-	O
quick	O
tales	O
have	O
become	O
embedded	O
in	O
American	B-NORP
folklore	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
overnight	O
success	O
story	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
our	O
culture	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
society	O
puts	O
an	O
emphasis	O
on	O
it	O
with	O
lotteries	O
and	O
Ed	B-PERSON
McMahon	I-PERSON
making	O
millionaires	O
out	O
of	O
people	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Cunningham	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
associate	O
professor	O
of	O
psychology	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Kentucky	I-ORG
in	O
Louisville	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
Other	O
people	O
are	O
making	O
it	O
overnight	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
rest	O
who	O
toil	O
daily	B-DATE
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
miss	O
that	O
opportunity	O
when	O
it	O
seems	O
to	O
come	O
along	O
.	O
''	O


Adds	O
Spencer	B-PERSON
Barasch	I-PERSON
,	O
branch	O
chief	O
for	O
enforcement	O
at	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
in	O
Fort	B-GPE
Worth	I-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
:	O
``	O
Why	O
do	O
people	O
play	O
the	O
lottery	O
when	O
the	O
odds	O
are	O
great	O
against	O
them	O
?	O


People	O
are	O
shooting	O
for	O
a	O
dream	O
.	O
''	O


Clearly	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
scam	O
artists	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
bit	O
more	O
subtle	O
than	O
simply	O
promising	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
;	O
the	O
psychology	O
of	O
suckers	O
is	O
n't	O
simply	O
the	O
psychology	O
of	O
the	O
greedy	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
also	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
in	O
-	O
crowd	O
.	O


So	O
one	B-CARDINAL
popular	O
ploy	O
is	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
prospective	O
investor	O
feel	O
like	O
an	O
insider	O
,	O
joining	O
an	O
exclusive	O
group	O
that	O
is	O
about	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
killing	O
.	O


Between	B-DATE
1978	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
1987	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
SH	B-ORG
Oil	I-ORG
in	O
Winter	B-GPE
Haven	I-GPE
,	O
Fla.	B-GPE
,	O
sold	O
interests	O
in	O
oil	O
wells	O
to	O
a	O
very	O
select	O
group	O
of	O
local	O
residents	O
,	O
while	O
turning	O
away	O
numerous	O
other	O
eager	O
investors	O
.	O


The	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
Stephen	B-PERSON
Smith	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
since	O
pleaded	O
guilty	O
to	O
state	O
and	O
federal	O
fraud	O
charges	O
,	O
confided	O
to	O
investors	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
a	O
secret	O
agreement	O
with	O
Amoco	B-ORG
Oil	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
said	O
the	O
location	O
of	O
his	O
wells	O
was	O
confidential	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
civil	O
suit	O
filed	O
in	O
a	O
Florida	B-GPE
state	O
court	O
by	O
the	O
Florida	B-GPE
comptroller	O
's	O
office	O
.	O


Neither	O
the	O
Amoco	B-ORG
agreement	O
nor	O
the	O
wells	O
existed	O
,	O
the	O
suit	O
alleged	O
.	O


Such	O
schemes	O
,	O
says	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Adamski	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
of	O
the	O
financial	O
-	O
crimes	O
unit	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Investigation	I-ORG
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
D.C.	B-GPE
,	O
appeal	O
to	O
investors	O
'	O
``	O
desire	O
to	O
believe	O
this	O
is	O
really	O
true	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
chosen	O
group	O
being	O
given	O
this	O
opportunity	O
.	O
''	O


At	O
times	O
,	O
salesmen	O
may	O
embellish	O
the	O
inside	O
information	O
with	O
``	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
some	O
slightly	O
shady	O
,	O
slightly	O
illegal	O
investment	O
the	O
person	O
is	O
being	O
included	O
in	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Cunningham	B-PERSON
.	O


In	O
appealing	O
to	O
those	O
with	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
larceny	O
in	O
their	O
hearts	O
,	O
the	O
fraud	O
artist	O
can	O
insist	O
that	O
a	O
person	O
keep	O
an	O
investment	O
secret	O
--	O
insulating	O
himself	O
from	O
being	O
discovered	O
and	O
keeping	O
his	O
victim	O
from	O
consulting	O
with	O
others	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
adds	O
to	O
the	O
mystery	O
of	O
the	O
venture	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Blodgett	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
boiler	O
-	O
room	O
veteran	O
,	O
believes	O
that	O
for	O
many	O
investors	O
,	O
the	O
get	O
-	O
rich	O
-	O
quick	O
scams	O
carry	O
a	O
longed	O
-	O
for	O
element	O
of	O
excitement	O
.	O


``	O
Once	O
people	O
got	O
into	O
it	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
allowing	O
them	O
to	O
live	O
a	O
dream	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


He	O
phoned	O
them	O
with	O
updates	O
on	O
the	O
investment	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
``	O
funny	O
things	O
that	O
happened	O
at	O
the	O
well	O
that	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
gave	O
them	O
some	O
excitement	O
that	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
in	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
Mr.	O
Blodgett	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
convicted	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
state	O
court	O
of	O
selling	O
unregistered	O
securities	O
and	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
state	O
court	O
of	O
unlawful	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
telephone	O
to	O
defraud	O
and	O
deceive	O
,	O
is	O
now	O
on	O
probation	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
he	O
has	O
quit	O
the	O
business	O
and	O
is	O
back	O
in	O
school	O
,	O
majoring	O
in	O
psychology	O
with	O
aspirations	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
industrial	O
psychology	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


For	O
some	O
investors	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
appearances	O
that	O
leave	O
them	O
deceived	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
trappings	O
of	O
success	O
go	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
--	O
wearing	O
the	O
right	O
clothes	O
,	O
doing	O
the	O
right	O
things	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Paul	B-PERSON
Andreassen	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
associate	O
professor	O
of	O
psychology	O
at	O
Harvard	B-ORG
.	O


Conservative	O
appearances	O
make	O
people	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
conservative	O
investment	O
.	O


``	O
People	O
honestly	O
lose	O
money	O
on	O
risky	O
investments	O
that	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
realize	O
were	O
a	O
crapshoot	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Paul	B-PERSON
Wenz	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Phoenix	B-GPE
,	O
Ariz.	B-GPE
,	O
attorney	O
,	O
says	O
a	O
promise	O
of	O
unrealistic	O
returns	O
would	O
have	O
made	O
him	O
leery	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Wenz	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
says	O
he	O
lost	O
$	O
43,000	B-MONEY
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
precious	O
-	O
metals	O
deal	O
and	O
$	O
39,000	B-MONEY
in	O
another	O
,	O
says	O
a	O
salesman	O
``	O
used	O
a	O
business	O
-	O
venture	O
approach	O
''	O
with	O
him	O
,	O
sending	O
investment	O
literature	O
,	O
a	O
contract	O
limiting	O
the	O
firm	O
's	O
liability	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
insurance	O
policy	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
visited	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
office	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
``	O
all	O
the	O
trappings	O
of	O
legitimacy	O
.	O
''	O


Still	O
others	O
are	O
stung	O
by	O
a	O
desire	O
to	O
do	O
both	O
well	O
and	O
good	O
,	O
says	O
Douglas	B-PERSON
Watson	I-PERSON
,	O
commanding	O
officer	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Los	I-ORG
Angeles	I-ORG
Police	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
bunko	O
-	O
forgery	O
division	O
.	O


Born	O
-	O
again	O
Christians	B-NORP
are	O
the	O
most	O
visible	O
targets	O
of	O
unscrupulous	O
do	O
-	O
gooder	O
investment	O
pitches	O
.	O


But	O
hardly	O
the	O
only	O
ones	O
:	O
The	O
scams	O
promise	O
--	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
--	O
to	O
help	O
save	O
the	O
environment	O
,	O
feed	O
starving	O
families	O
and	O
prevent	O
the	O
disappearance	O
of	O
children	O
.	O


Psychologists	O
say	O
isolated	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
discuss	O
their	O
investments	O
with	O
others	O
are	O
particularly	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
fraud	O
.	O


Scam	O
artists	O
seek	O
out	O
such	O
people	O
--	O
or	O
try	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
their	O
victims	O
isolate	O
themselves	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
salesmen	O
may	O
counter	O
a	O
man	O
's	O
objection	O
that	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
discuss	O
an	O
investment	O
with	O
his	O
wife	O
by	O
asking	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
wears	O
the	O
pants	O
in	O
your	O
family	O
?	O
''	O


Or	O
an	O
investor	O
who	O
wants	O
his	O
accountant	O
's	O
advice	O
may	O
be	O
told	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
seem	O
like	O
a	O
guy	O
who	O
can	O
make	O
up	O
his	O
own	O
mind	O
.	O
''	O


Often	O
con	O
artists	O
will	O
try	O
to	O
disarm	O
their	O
victims	O
by	O
emphasizing	O
similarities	O
between	O
them	O
.	O


William	B-PERSON
Lynes	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
retired	O
engineer	O
from	O
Lockheed	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
Lily	B-PERSON
,	O
warmed	O
to	O
the	O
investment	O
pitches	O
of	O
a	O
penny	O
-	O
stock	O
peddler	O
from	O
Stuart	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
James	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
in	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
after	O
the	O
broker	O
told	O
them	O
he	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
had	O
once	O
worked	O
with	O
Lockheed	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
Lyneses	B-PERSON
,	O
of	O
Powder	B-GPE
Springs	I-GPE
,	O
Ga.	B-GPE
,	O
have	O
filed	O
suit	O
in	O
Georgia	B-GPE
state	O
court	O
against	O
Stuart	B-ORG
James	I-ORG
,	O
alleging	O
fraud	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
awaiting	O
an	O
arbitration	O
proceeding	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
the	O
broker	O
took	O
them	O
out	O
for	O
lunch	O
frequently	O
.	O


He	O
urged	O
them	O
to	O
refer	O
their	O
friends	O
,	O
who	O
also	O
lost	O
money	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Trinen	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
attorney	O
for	O
the	O
penny	O
-	O
brokerage	O
firm	O
,	O
denies	O
the	O
fraud	O
allegations	O
and	O
says	O
the	O
Lyneses	B-PERSON
were	O
fully	O
apprised	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
pursuing	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
investment	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
not	O
uncommon	O
for	O
these	O
guys	O
to	O
send	O
pictures	O
of	O
themselves	O
or	O
their	O
families	O
to	O
ingratiate	O
themselves	O
to	O
their	O
clients	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Terree	B-PERSON
Bowers	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
-	O
frauds	O
section	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
attorney	O
's	O
office	O
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
.	O


``	O
We	O
've	O
seen	O
cases	O
where	O
salesmen	O
will	O
affect	O
the	O
accent	O
of	O
the	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
they	O
are	O
calling	O
.	O


Anything	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
sale	O
.	O
''	O


Experts	O
say	O
that	O
whatever	O
a	O
person	O
's	O
particular	O
weak	O
point	O
,	O
timing	O
is	O
crucial	O
.	O


People	O
may	O
be	O
particularly	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
flim	O
-	O
flam	O
pitches	O
when	O
they	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
a	O
major	O
upheaval	O
in	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


``	O
Sometimes	O
when	O
people	O
are	O
making	O
big	O
changes	O
,	O
retiring	O
from	O
their	O
jobs	O
,	O
moving	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
area	O
,	O
they	O
lose	O
their	O
bearings	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Maury	B-PERSON
Elvekrog	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
licensed	O
psychologist	O
who	O
is	O
now	O
an	O
investment	O
adviser	O
and	O
principal	O
in	O
Seger	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Elvekrog	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Birmingham	B-GPE
,	O
Mich.	B-GPE
,	O
investment	O
-	O
counseling	O
firm	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
may	O
be	O
susceptible	O
to	O
some	O
song	O
and	O
dance	O
if	O
it	O
hits	O
them	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
are	O
obviously	O
also	O
more	O
susceptible	O
when	O
they	O
need	O
money	O
-	O
retirees	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
bolster	O
their	O
fixed	O
income	O
or	O
parents	O
fretting	O
over	O
how	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
a	O
child	O
's	O
college	O
expenses	O
.	O


``	O
These	O
people	O
are	O
n't	O
necessarily	O
stupid	O
or	O
naive	O
.	O


Almost	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
in	O
comparable	O
circumstances	O
might	O
be	O
victimized	O
in	O
some	O
way	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Jerald	B-PERSON
Jellison	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
psychology	O
professor	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Southern	I-ORG
California	I-ORG
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
.	O


Nick	B-PERSON
Cortese	I-PERSON
thinks	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
happened	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Cortese	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
33	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Delta	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Lines	I-ORG
engineer	O
,	O
invested	O
some	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2,000	I-MONEY
in	O
penny	O
stocks	O
through	O
a	O
broker	O
who	O
promised	O
quick	O
returns	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
were	O
saving	O
up	O
to	O
buy	O
a	O
house	O
,	O
and	O
my	O
wife	O
was	O
pregnant	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Cortese	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
It	O
was	O
just	O
before	O
the	B-DATE
Christmas	I-DATE
holidays	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
I	O
figured	O
we	O
could	O
use	O
some	O
extra	O
cash	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
investment	O
is	O
worth	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
130	I-MONEY
today	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
Maybe	O
it	O
was	O
just	O
a	O
vulnerable	O
time	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Cortese	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
Maybe	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
or	O
even	O
an	O
hour	B-TIME
later	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
have	O
done	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


Ms.	O
Brannigan	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
staff	O
reporter	O
in	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Atlanta	B-GPE
bureau	O
.	O


Prices	O
for	O
seats	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
are	O
recovering	O
a	O
bit	O
after	O
hitting	O
a	O
four	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
low	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
seats	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Big	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
were	O
sold	O
yesterday	B-DATE
for	O
$	O
455,000	B-MONEY
,	O
and	O
then	O
$	O
500,000	B-MONEY
.	O


The	O
previous	O
sale	O
was	O
$	O
436,000	B-MONEY
on	O
Oct.	B-DATE
17	I-DATE
;	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
prices	O
were	O
that	O
low	O
was	O
November	B-DATE
1985	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
a	O
seat	O
sold	O
for	O
$	O
425,000	B-MONEY
.	O


Prices	O
peaked	O
at	O
$	O
1,150,000	B-MONEY
in	O
September	B-DATE
1987	I-DATE
.	O


Seats	O
are	O
currently	O
quoted	O
at	O
$	O
430,000	B-MONEY
bid	O
and	O
$	O
525,000	B-MONEY
asked	O
.	O


FOX	O
HUNTING	O
HAS	O
been	O
defined	O
as	O
the	O
unspeakable	O
in	O
pursuit	O
of	O
the	O
inedible	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
least	O
it	O
's	O
exercise	O
.	O


At	O
least	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
little	O
dash	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
us	O
have	O
to	O
spend	O
our	O
time	O
on	O
pursuits	O
that	O
afford	O
neither	O
,	O
drab	O
duties	O
rather	O
than	O
pleasures	O
.	O


Like	O
trying	O
to	O
buy	O
life	O
insurance	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
an	O
endeavor	O
notably	O
lacking	O
in	O
dash	O
.	O


Call	O
it	O
the	O
uninformed	O
trudging	O
after	O
the	O
incomprehensible	O
.	O


But	O
sooner	O
or	O
later	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
us	O
have	O
to	O
think	O
about	O
life	O
insurance	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
we	O
often	O
have	O
to	O
think	O
about	O
having	O
root	O
-	O
canal	O
work	O
.	O


And	O
my	O
time	O
has	O
come	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
33	B-DATE
,	O
married	O
,	O
no	O
children	O
,	O
and	O
employed	O
in	O
writing	O
stories	O
like	O
this	O
one	O
.	O


In	O
times	O
past	O
,	O
life	O
-	O
insurance	O
salesmen	O
targeted	O
heads	O
of	O
household	O
,	O
meaning	O
men	O
,	O
but	O
ours	O
is	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
income	O
family	O
and	O
accustomed	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
anything	O
happened	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
I	O
'd	O
want	O
to	O
leave	O
behind	O
enough	O
so	O
that	O
my	O
33	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
husband	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
pay	O
off	O
the	O
mortgage	O
and	O
some	O
other	O
debts	O
-LRB-	O
though	O
not	O
,	O
I	O
admit	O
,	O
enough	O
to	O
put	O
any	O
potential	O
second	B-ORDINAL
wife	O
in	O
the	O
lap	O
of	O
luxury	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Figuring	O
that	O
maybe	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100,000	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
150,000	I-MONEY
would	O
do	O
but	O
having	O
no	O
idea	O
of	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
policy	O
I	O
wanted	O
,	O
I	O
looked	O
at	O
the	O
myriad	O
products	O
of	O
a	O
dozen	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
--	O
and	O
plunged	O
into	O
a	O
jungle	O
of	O
gibberish	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
,	O
while	O
I	O
was	O
thinking	O
about	O
fox	O
hunting	O
,	O
the	O
insurance	O
industry	O
has	O
spawned	O
an	O
incredible	O
number	O
of	O
products	O
,	O
variations	O
on	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
variations	O
on	O
the	O
variations	O
.	O


Besides	O
term	O
life	O
and	O
whole	O
life	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
old	O
standbys	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
we	O
now	O
have	O
universal	O
life	O
,	O
universal	O
variable	O
life	O
,	O
flexible	O
adjustable	O
universal	O
life	O
,	O
policies	O
with	O
persistency	O
bonuses	O
,	O
policies	O
festooned	O
with	O
exotic	O
riders	O
,	O
living	O
benefit	O
policies	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
and	O
on	O
.	O


What	O
to	O
do	O
?	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
generalize	O
.	O


Shorn	O
of	O
all	O
their	O
riders	O
,	O
special	O
provisions	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
bells	O
and	O
whistles	O
,	O
insurance	O
policies	O
can	O
still	O
be	O
grouped	O
under	O
two	B-CARDINAL
broad	O
categories	O
:	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
pure	O
insurance	O
,	O
which	O
amasses	O
no	O
cash	O
value	O
in	O
the	O
policy	O
and	O
pays	O
off	O
only	O
upon	O
death	O
,	O
and	O
permanent	O
insurance	O
,	O
which	O
provides	O
not	O
only	O
a	O
death	O
benefit	O
but	O
also	O
a	O
cash	O
value	O
in	O
the	O
policy	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
various	O
ways	O
while	O
the	O
insured	O
is	O
still	O
alive	O
.	O


If	O
all	O
you	O
want	O
is	O
death	O
-	O
benefit	O
coverage	O
,	O
pure	O
insurance	O
--	O
a	O
term	O
policy	O
--	O
gives	O
you	O
maximum	O
bang	O
for	O
your	O
buck	O
,	O
within	O
limits	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
much	O
cheaper	O
than	O
permanent	O
insurance	O
bought	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
age	O
.	O


But	O
``	O
term	O
''	O
means	O
just	O
that	O
;	O
the	O
policy	O
is	O
written	O
for	O
a	O
specific	O
time	O
period	O
only	O
and	O
must	O
be	O
renewed	O
when	O
it	O
expires	O
.	O


It	O
may	O
also	O
stipulate	O
that	O
the	O
insured	O
must	O
pass	O
another	O
medical	O
exam	O
before	O
renewal	O
;	O
if	O
you	O
flunk	O
--	O
which	O
means	O
you	O
need	O
insurance	O
more	O
than	O
ever	O
--	O
you	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
buy	O
it	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
healthy	O
and	O
can	O
renew	O
,	O
your	O
premium	O
will	O
go	O
up	O
sharply	O
because	O
you	O
're	O
that	O
much	O
older	O
.	O


So	O
term	O
insurance	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
as	O
cheap	O
as	O
it	O
looks	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
all	O
sorts	O
of	O
variations	O
on	O
term	O
insurance	O
:	O
policies	O
structured	O
to	O
pay	O
off	O
your	O
mortgage	O
debt	O
,	O
term	O
riders	O
tacked	O
on	O
to	O
permanent	O
insurance	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
others	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
variation	O
that	O
appealed	O
to	O
me	O
at	O
first	B-ORDINAL
was	O
the	O
``	O
Money	O
Smart	O
Term	O
Life	O
''	O
policy	O
offered	O
by	O
Amex	B-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
American	B-ORG
Express	I-ORG
unit	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
parent	O
company	O
's	O
credit	O
-	O
card	O
holders	O
.	O


Upon	O
examination	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
I	O
wondered	O
whether	O
the	O
plan	O
made	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
sense	O
.	O


Amex	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
would	O
charge	O
me	O
$	O
576	B-MONEY
a	O
year	O
for	O
$	O
100,000	B-MONEY
of	O
coverage	O
--	O
and	O
would	O
pay	O
me	O
back	O
all	O
the	O
premiums	O
I	O
put	O
in	O
if	O
I	O
canceled	O
the	O
policy	O
after	O
10	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Sounds	O
great	O
--	O
or	O
does	O
it	O
?	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
if	O
I	O
canceled	O
,	O
I	O
'd	O
have	O
no	O
more	O
insurance	O
,	O
a	O
not	O
insignificant	O
consideration	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
the	O
$	O
5,760	B-MONEY
I	O
'd	O
get	O
back	O
would	O
be	O
much	O
diminished	O
in	O
purchasing	O
power	O
by	O
10	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
inflation	O
;	O
Amex	B-ORG
,	O
not	O
I	O
,	O
would	O
get	O
the	O
benefit	O
of	O
the	O
investment	O
income	O
on	O
my	O
money	O
,	O
income	O
that	O
would	O
have	O
exceeded	O
the	O
inflation	O
rate	O
and	O
thus	O
given	O
the	O
company	O
a	O
real	O
profit	O
.	O


Third	B-ORDINAL
and	O
most	O
important	O
,	O
Amex	O
would	O
charge	O
me	O
a	O
far	O
higher	O
premium	O
than	O
other	O
reputable	O
companies	O
would	O
on	O
a	O
straight	O
term	O
policy	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
amount	O
;	O
I	O
'd	O
be	O
paying	O
so	O
heavily	O
just	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
option	O
of	O
getting	O
my	O
premiums	O
back	O
that	O
I	O
'd	O
almost	O
have	O
to	O
cancel	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O
worthwhile	O
.	O


That	O
would	O
be	O
all	O
right	O
with	O
Amex	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
could	O
then	O
lock	O
in	O
its	O
investment	O
profit	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
add	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
``	O
smart	O
money	O
''	O
move	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


Which	O
goes	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
First	B-ORDINAL
Law	O
applies	O
in	O
insurance	O
as	O
in	O
anything	O
else	O
:	O
There	O
is	O
no	O
free	O
lunch	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
only	O
marketing	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Second	B-ORDINAL
Law	O
,	O
unique	O
to	O
insurance	O
?	O


If	O
I	O
die	O
early	O
,	O
I	O
win	O
--	O
a	O
hollow	O
victory	O
,	O
since	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
enjoy	O
it	O
--	O
and	O
if	O
I	O
live	O
long	O
,	O
the	O
insurer	O
wins	O
.	O


Always	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
worth	O
remembering	O
when	O
insurers	O
and	O
their	O
salesmen	O
try	O
to	O
sell	O
you	O
permanent	O
insurance	O
,	O
the	O
kind	O
that	O
amasses	O
cash	O
value	O
.	O


The	O
word	O
``	O
death	O
''	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
escaped	O
entirely	O
by	O
the	O
industry	O
,	O
but	O
salesmen	O
dodge	O
it	O
wherever	O
possible	O
or	O
cloak	O
it	O
in	O
euphemisms	O
,	O
preferring	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
``	O
savings	O
''	O
and	O
``	O
investment	O
''	O
instead	O
.	O


The	O
implication	O
is	O
that	O
your	O
permanent	O
-	O
insurance	O
policy	O
is	O
really	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
CD	O
or	O
mutual	O
-	O
fund	O
account	O
with	O
an	O
added	O
feature	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
gilding	O
the	O
lily	O
.	O


The	O
fact	O
is	O
that	O
as	O
a	O
savings	O
or	O
investment	O
vehicle	O
,	O
insurance	O
generally	O
runs	O
a	O
poor	O
second	B-ORDINAL
to	O
any	O
direct	O
investment	O
you	O
might	O
make	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
things	O
the	O
insurance	O
company	O
is	O
putting	O
your	O
money	O
into	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
the	O
insurance	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
policy	O
and	O
the	O
effort	O
required	O
to	O
sell	O
and	O
service	O
the	O
whole	O
package	O
.	O


Again	O
,	O
no	O
free	O
lunch	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
reflected	O
in	O
a	O
built	O
-	O
in	O
mortality	O
cost	O
--	O
in	O
effect	O
,	O
your	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
estimated	O
liability	O
in	O
paying	O
off	O
beneficiaries	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
had	O
the	O
effrontery	O
to	O
die	O
while	O
under	O
its	O
protection	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
most	O
cases	O
,	O
a	O
huge	O
hunk	O
of	O
your	O
premium	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
initial	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
the	O
policy	O
is	O
,	O
in	O
effect	O
,	O
paying	O
the	O
salesman	O
's	O
commission	O
as	O
well	O
;	O
investment	O
returns	O
on	O
most	O
policies	O
are	O
actually	O
negative	O
for	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
largely	O
because	O
of	O
this	O
.	O


So	O
view	O
permanent	O
insurance	O
for	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
--	O
a	O
compromise	O
between	O
pure	O
insurance	O
and	O
direct	O
investment	O
.	O


The	O
simplest	O
,	O
most	O
traditional	O
form	O
of	O
permanent	O
insurance	O
is	O
the	O
straight	O
whole	O
life	O
policy	O
.	O


You	O
pay	O
a	O
set	O
premium	O
for	O
a	O
set	O
amount	O
of	O
coverage	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
invests	O
that	O
premium	O
in	O
a	O
portfolio	O
of	O
its	O
choosing	O
,	O
and	O
your	O
cash	O
value	O
and	O
dividends	O
grow	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
newer	O
wrinkle	O
,	O
so	O
called	O
single	O
-	O
premium	O
life	O
-LRB-	O
you	O
pay	O
for	O
the	O
whole	O
policy	O
at	O
once	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
immensely	O
popular	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
for	O
tax	O
reasons	O
;	O
the	O
insured	O
could	O
extract	O
cash	O
value	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
policy	O
``	O
loans	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
proceeds	O
were	O
taxable	O
even	O
though	O
they	O
included	O
gains	O
on	O
investment	O
.	O


Congress	B-ORG
closed	O
this	O
loophole	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
or	O
thought	O
it	O
did	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
Monarch	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	O
Springfield	B-GPE
,	O
Mass.	B-GPE
,	O
has	O
developed	O
a	O
``	O
combination	O
plan	O
''	O
of	O
annuity	O
and	O
insurance	O
coverage	O
that	O
it	O
says	O
does	O
not	O
violate	O
the	O
new	O
regulations	O
and	O
that	O
allows	O
policy	O
loans	O
without	O
tax	O
consequences	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
your	O
cash	O
reserve	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
borrow	O
tax	O
-	O
free	O
is	O
very	O
small	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
prepared	O
in	O
any	O
case	O
to	O
put	O
that	O
much	O
money	O
into	O
a	O
policy	O
immediately	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
look	O
into	O
the	O
broad	O
category	O
called	O
universal	O
life	O
.	O


Hugely	O
popular	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
far	O
more	O
flexible	O
than	O
straight	O
whole	O
life	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
adjust	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
insurance	O
I	O
want	O
against	O
the	O
amount	O
going	O
into	O
investment	O
;	O
I	O
can	O
pay	O
more	O
or	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
target	O
premium	O
in	O
a	B-DATE
given	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
and	O
I	O
can	O
even	O
skip	O
payments	O
if	O
my	O
cash	O
reserves	O
are	O
enough	O
to	O
cover	O
the	O
insurance	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
policy	O
.	O


In	O
looking	O
at	O
these	O
and	O
other	O
policies	O
,	O
I	O
learn	O
to	O
ask	O
pointed	O
questions	O
about	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
assumptions	O
built	O
into	O
``	O
policy	O
illustrations	O
''	O
--	O
the	O
rows	O
of	O
numbers	O
that	O
show	O
me	O
the	O
buildup	O
of	O
my	O
cash	O
values	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


They	O
commonly	O
give	O
two	B-CARDINAL
scenarios	O
:	O
One	B-CARDINAL
is	O
based	O
on	O
interest	O
rates	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
guarantees	O
-LRB-	O
usually	O
4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
4.5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-RRB-	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
on	O
the	O
rate	O
it	O
is	O
currently	O
getting	O
on	O
investment	O
,	O
often	O
8.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
or	O
more	O
.	O


Projecting	O
the	O
latter	O
over	O
several	B-DATE
decades	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
find	O
my	O
cash	O
buildup	O
is	O
impressive	O
--	O
but	O
can	O
any	O
high	O
interest	O
rate	O
prevail	O
for	O
that	O
long	O
?	O


Not	O
likely	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
some	O
policy	O
illustrations	O
assume	O
that	O
mortality	O
costs	O
will	O
decline	O
or	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
get	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
dividend	O
bonus	O
after	O
the	B-DATE
10th	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


These	O
are	O
not	O
certain	O
,	O
either	O
.	O


Companies	O
``	O
are	O
n't	O
comfortable	O
playing	O
these	O
games	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
realize	O
they	O
're	O
under	O
pressure	O
to	O
make	O
their	O
policies	O
look	O
good	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Timothy	B-PERSON
Pfiefer	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
actuarial	O
consultant	O
at	O
Tillinghast	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
Towers	B-ORG
Perrin	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
big	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
consulting	O
firm	O
.	O


Another	O
factor	O
to	O
consider	O
:	O
Some	O
of	O
the	O
companies	O
currently	O
earning	O
very	O
high	O
yields	O
are	O
doing	O
so	O
through	O
substantial	O
investment	O
in	O
junk	O
bonds	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
know	O
how	O
nervous	O
the	O
market	O
has	O
been	O
about	O
those	O
lately	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
seemingly	O
endless	O
twists	O
to	O
universal	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
pays	O
to	O
ask	O
questions	O
about	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
back	O
-	O
yard	O
barbecue	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
friend	O
boasts	O
that	O
she	O
'll	O
only	O
have	O
to	O
pay	O
premiums	O
on	O
her	O
John	B-ORG
Hancock	I-ORG
policy	O
for	O
seven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
that	O
her	O
death	O
benefits	O
will	O
then	O
be	O
``	O
guaranteed	O
.	O
''	O


I	O
call	O
her	O
agent	O
,	O
David	B-PERSON
Dominici	I-PERSON
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
premiums	O
on	O
such	O
variable	O
-	O
rate	O
coverage	O
can	O
be	O
structured	O
to	O
``	O
vanish	O
''	O
after	O
a	O
certain	O
period	O
--	O
but	O
usually	O
only	O
if	O
interest	O
rates	O
stay	O
high	O
enough	O
to	O
generate	O
sufficient	O
cash	O
to	O
cover	O
the	O
annual	B-DATE
cost	O
of	O
insurance	O
protection	O
.	O


If	O
interest	O
rates	O
plunge	O
,	O
the	O
insurer	O
may	O
be	O
knocking	O
on	O
my	O
door	O
,	O
asking	O
for	O
steeper	O
premium	O
payments	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
same	O
amount	O
of	O
protection	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
the	O
sound	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


Some	O
insurers	O
have	O
also	O
started	O
offering	O
``	O
persistency	O
bonuses	O
,	O
''	O
such	O
as	O
extra	O
dividends	O
or	O
a	O
marginally	O
higher	O
interest	O
yield	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
policy	O
is	O
maintained	O
for	O
10	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
Glenn	B-PERSON
Daily	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
-	O
based	O
financial	O
consultant	O
,	O
warns	O
that	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
bonuses	O
are	O
``	O
just	O
fantasies	O
,	O
''	O
because	O
most	O
are	O
n't	O
guaranteed	O
by	O
the	O
companies	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
feature	O
is	O
so	O
new	O
,	O
he	O
adds	O
,	O
that	O
no	O
insurer	O
has	O
yet	O
established	O
a	O
track	O
record	O
for	O
actually	O
making	O
such	O
payments	O
.	O


So	O
-	O
called	O
living	O
-	O
benefits	O
provisions	O
also	O
merit	O
a	O
close	O
inspection	O
.	O


Offered	O
by	O
insurers	O
that	O
include	O
Security	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Connecticut	I-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
Jackson	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
National	B-ORG
Travelers	I-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
these	O
policy	O
riders	O
let	O
me	O
tap	O
a	O
portion	O
of	O
my	O
death	O
benefits	O
while	O
I	O
'm	O
still	O
alive	O
.	O


Some	O
provisions	O
would	O
let	O
me	O
collect	O
a	O
percentage	O
of	O
the	O
policy	O
's	O
face	O
value	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
care	O
such	O
as	O
nursing	O
-	O
home	O
stays	O
;	O
others	O
would	O
allow	O
payments	O
for	O
catastrophic	O
illnesses	O
and	O
conditions	O
such	O
as	O
cancer	O
,	O
heart	O
attarcks	O
,	O
renal	O
failure	O
and	O
kidney	O
transplants	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
catastrophic	O
events	O
for	O
which	O
the	O
policyholder	O
can	O
collect	O
are	O
narrowly	O
defined	O
,	O
vary	O
from	O
policy	O
to	O
policy	O
,	O
and	O
generally	O
permit	O
use	O
of	O
only	O
a	O
small	O
fraction	O
of	O
the	O
face	O
amount	O
of	O
insurance	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
financial	O
planners	O
advising	O
on	O
insurance	O
say	O
that	O
to	O
their	O
knowledge	O
there	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
a	O
tax	O
ruling	O
exempting	O
these	O
advance	O
payments	O
from	O
taxes	O
.	O


And	O
considering	O
the	O
extra	O
cost	O
of	O
such	O
provisions	O
,	O
some	O
figure	O
that	O
people	O
interested	O
in	O
,	O
say	O
,	O
paying	O
for	O
extended	O
nursing	O
-	O
home	O
care	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
off	O
just	O
buying	O
a	O
separate	O
policy	O
that	O
provides	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
more	O
favorably	O
impressed	O
by	O
``	O
no	O
-	O
load	O
life	O
,	O
''	O
even	O
though	O
it	O
turns	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
low	O
-	O
load	O
life	O
.	O


Insureres	O
selling	O
these	O
policies	O
market	O
them	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
or	O
otherwise	O
do	O
n't	O
use	O
commissioned	O
salesmen	O
;	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
load	O
--	O
annual	B-DATE
administrative	O
fees	O
and	O
initial	O
``	O
setup	O
''	O
charges	O
--	O
but	O
I	O
figure	O
that	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
commission	O
and	O
of	O
``	O
surrender	O
fees	O
''	O
for	O
dropping	O
the	O
policy	O
early	O
still	O
saves	O
me	O
a	O
lot	O
.	O


I	O
compared	O
one	B-CARDINAL
universal	O
policy	O
for	O
$	O
130,000	B-MONEY
face	O
amount	O
from	O
such	O
an	O
insurer	O
,	O
American	B-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	O
Lincoln	B-GPE
,	O
Neb.	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
a	O
similar	O
offering	O
from	O
Equitable	B-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Assurance	I-ORG
Society	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
operates	O
through	O
11,000	B-CARDINAL
commissioned	O
salesmen	O
.	O


After	O
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
I	O
could	O
walk	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
Ameritas	B-ORG
policy	O
with	O
$	O
792	B-MONEY
,	O
but	O
Id	O
get	O
only	O
$	O
14	B-MONEY
from	O
the	O
Equitable	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
difference	O
is	O
magnified	O
by	O
time	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


At	O
age	B-DATE
65	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
I	O
'd	O
stop	O
paying	O
premiums	O
,	O
the	O
Ameritas	B-ORG
offering	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
projected	O
cash	O
value	O
$	O
14,000	B-MONEY
higher	O
than	O
the	O
other	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
Equitable	B-ORG
's	O
policy	O
illustration	O
assumed	O
a	O
fractionally	O
higher	O
interest	O
rate	O
.	O


Did	O
I	O
buy	O
it	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
not	O
yet	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
thinking	O
about	O
using	O
the	O
$	O
871	B-MONEY
annual	B-DATE
premium	O
to	O
finance	O
a	O
trip	O
to	O
Paris	B-GPE
first	B-ORDINAL
.	O


A	O
person	O
can	O
do	O
some	O
heavy	O
thinking	O
about	O
insurance	O
there	O
--	O
and	O
shop	O
for	O
something	O
more	O
exciting	O
while	O
she	O
's	O
doing	O
it	O
.	O


Hoechst	B-ORG
AG	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
will	O
stop	O
producing	O
fertilizer	O
in	O
1990	B-DATE
because	O
of	O
continued	O
losses	O
and	O
a	O
bleak	O
outlook	O
.	O


The	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
chemical	O
concern	O
said	O
it	O
will	O
close	O
the	O
last	O
remaining	O
fertilizer	O
plant	O
in	O
Oberhausen	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
fall	O
of	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Hoechst	B-ORG
said	O
the	O
fertilizer	O
market	O
faces	O
overcapacity	O
in	O
Western	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
,	O
rising	O
imports	O
from	O
East	B-LOC
bloc	I-LOC
countries	O
and	O
overseas	O
,	O
and	O
declining	O
demand	O
.	O


HomeFed	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
its	O
main	O
subsidiary	O
,	O
Home	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Savings	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Loan	I-ORG
,	O
converted	O
from	O
a	O
federal	O
savings	O
and	O
loan	O
to	O
a	O
federal	O
savings	O
bank	O
and	O
changed	O
its	O
name	O
to	O
HomeFed	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
federal	O
Office	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Thrift	I-ORG
Supervision	I-ORG
approved	O
the	O
conversion	O
last	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
,	O
HomeFed	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
change	O
in	O
charter	O
does	O
n't	O
alter	O
the	O
federal	O
insurance	O
of	O
deposits	O
,	O
federal	O
regulatory	O
powers	O
or	O
company	O
operations	O
,	O
a	O
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


Avondale	B-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
,	O
received	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
23	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
contract	O
from	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
to	O
enlarge	O
by	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
an	O
auxiliary	O
oiler	O
.	O


The	O
award	O
results	O
from	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
's	O
exercising	O
of	O
an	O
option	O
in	O
an	O
earlier	O
contract	O
it	O
awarded	O
Avondale	B-ORG
.	O


Richard	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Pinola	I-PERSON
was	O
elected	O
to	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
this	O
personnel	O
consulting	O
concern	O
,	O
increasing	O
its	O
size	O
to	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
members	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Pinola	B-PERSON
is	O
president	O
and	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
of	O
Penn	B-ORG
Mutual	I-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
Senate	B-ORG
rejected	O
a	O
constitutional	O
amendment	O
that	O
President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
sought	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
flag	O
from	O
desecration	O
.	O


The	O
51	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
48	I-CARDINAL
roll	O
call	O
fell	O
well	O
short	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
majority	O
needed	O
to	O
approve	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
Constitution	B-LAW
.	O


The	O
vote	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
11	B-CARDINAL
GOP	B-ORG
lawmakers	O
voted	O
against	O
Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
position	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
victory	O
for	O
Democratic	B-NORP
leaders	O
,	O
who	O
opposed	O
the	O
amendment	O
as	O
an	O
intrusion	O
on	O
the	B-LAW
Bill	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Rights	I-LAW
.	O


``	O
We	O
can	O
support	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
flag	O
without	O
changing	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
Constitution	B-LAW
,	O
''	O
said	O
Senate	B-ORG
Majority	O
Leader	O
George	B-PERSON
Mitchell	I-PERSON
of	O
Maine	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
defuse	O
pressure	O
for	O
an	O
amendment	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Mitchell	B-PERSON
and	O
House	B-ORG
Speaker	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
Foley	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
D.	B-NORP
,	O
Wash	B-GPE
.	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
had	O
arranged	O
for	O
lawmakers	O
to	O
pass	O
a	O
statute	O
barring	O
flag	O
desecration	O
before	O
voting	O
on	O
the	O
constitutional	O
change	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Bush	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
would	O
allow	O
the	O
bill	O
to	O
become	O
law	O
without	O
his	O
signature	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
said	O
only	O
a	O
constitutional	O
amendment	O
can	O
protect	O
the	O
flag	O
adequately	O
.	O


In	O
June	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
threw	O
out	O
the	O
conviction	O
of	O
a	O
Texas	B-GPE
man	O
who	O
set	O
a	O
flag	O
afire	O
during	O
a	O
1984	B-DATE
demonstration	O
,	O
saying	O
he	O
was	O
``	O
engaging	O
in	O
political	O
expression	O
''	O
that	O
is	O
protected	O
by	O
the	B-LAW
First	I-LAW
Amendment	I-LAW
.	O


If	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
have	O
stress	O
-	O
related	O
problems	O
on	O
the	O
job	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
good	O
news	O
and	O
bad	O
news	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
probably	O
right	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
n't	O
alone	O
.	O


A	O
new	O
Gallup	B-ORG
Poll	O
study	O
commissioned	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
on	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
,	O
found	O
that	O
a	B-PERCENT
full	I-PERCENT
25	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
work	O
force	O
at	O
companies	O
may	O
suffer	O
from	O
anxiety	O
disorders	O
or	O
a	O
stress	O
-	O
related	O
illness	O
,	O
with	O
about	O
13	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
suffering	O
from	O
depression	O
.	O


The	O
study	O
surveyed	O
a	O
national	O
group	O
of	O
medical	O
directors	O
,	O
personnel	O
managers	O
and	O
employee	O
assistance	O
program	O
directors	O
about	O
their	O
perceptions	O
of	O
these	O
problems	O
in	O
their	O
companies	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
studies	O
on	O
health	O
commissioned	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
non-profit	O
organization	O
with	O
about	B-CARDINAL
300	I-CARDINAL
members	O
.	O


The	O
stress	O
study	O
was	O
undertaken	O
because	O
problems	O
related	O
to	O
stress	O
``	O
are	O
much	O
more	O
prevalent	O
than	O
they	O
seem	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Leon	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Warshaw	I-PERSON
,	O
executive	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
group	O
.	O


In	O
presenting	O
the	O
study	O
late	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
Dr.	O
Warshaw	B-PERSON
estimated	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
these	O
types	O
of	O
disorders	O
to	O
business	O
is	O
substantial	O
.	O


Occupational	O
disability	O
related	O
to	O
anxiety	O
,	O
depression	O
and	O
stress	O
costs	O
about	O
$	O
8,000	B-MONEY
a	O
case	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
worker	O
's	O
compensation	O
.	O


In	O
terms	O
of	O
days	B-DATE
lost	O
on	O
the	O
job	O
,	O
the	O
study	O
estimated	O
that	O
each	O
affected	O
employee	O
loses	O
about	B-DATE
16	I-DATE
work	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
a	O
year	O
because	O
of	O
stress	O
,	O
anxiety	O
or	O
depression	O
.	O


He	O
added	O
that	O
the	O
cost	O
for	O
stress	O
-	O
related	O
compensation	O
claims	O
is	O
about	O
twice	O
the	O
average	O
for	O
all	O
injury	O
claims	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
hope	O
to	O
sensitize	O
employers	O
''	O
to	O
recognize	O
the	O
problems	O
so	O
they	O
can	O
do	O
something	O
about	O
them	O
,	O
Dr.	O
Warshaw	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


Early	O
intervention	O
into	O
these	O
types	O
of	O
problems	O
can	O
apparently	O
save	O
businesses	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
expense	O
associated	O
with	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
which	O
sometimes	O
results	O
when	O
these	O
problems	O
go	O
untreated	O
for	O
too	O
long	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
courts	O
are	O
beginning	O
to	O
recognize	O
the	O
link	O
between	O
jobs	O
and	O
stress	O
-	O
related	O
disorders	O
in	O
compensation	O
cases	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
survey	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
on	I-ORG
Compensation	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
although	O
56	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
indicated	O
that	O
mental	O
-	O
health	O
problems	O
were	O
fairly	O
pervasive	O
in	O
the	O
workplace	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
social	O
stigma	O
associated	O
with	O
people	O
seeking	O
help	O
.	O


The	O
disorders	O
,	O
which	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
struck	O
middle	O
-	O
age	O
and	O
older	O
people	O
,	O
``	O
now	O
strike	O
people	O
at	O
the	O
height	O
of	O
productivity	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Robert	B-PERSON
M.A.	I-PERSON
Hirschfeld	I-PERSON
,	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Mental	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
,	O
who	O
spoke	O
at	O
the	O
presentation	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
's	O
findings	O
.	O


The	O
poll	O
showed	O
that	O
company	O
size	O
had	O
a	O
bearing	O
on	O
a	O
manager	O
's	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
,	O
with	O
65	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
those	O
in	O
companies	O
of	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
15,000	I-CARDINAL
employees	O
saying	O
stress	O
-	O
related	O
problems	O
were	O
``	O
fairly	O
pervasive	O
''	O
and	O
55	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
those	O
in	O
companies	O
with	O
fewer	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
4,000	I-CARDINAL
employees	O
agreeing	O
.	O


The	O
poll	O
also	O
noted	O
fear	O
of	O
a	O
takeover	O
as	O
a	O
stress	O
-	O
producing	O
event	O
in	O
larger	O
companies	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
eight	I-CARDINAL
in	O
10	B-CARDINAL
respondents	O
reported	O
such	O
a	O
stress	O
-	O
provoking	O
situation	O
in	O
their	O
company	O
.	O


Mid-sized	O
companies	O
were	O
most	O
affected	O
by	O
talk	O
of	O
layoffs	O
or	O
plant	O
closings	O
.	O


The	O
study	O
,	O
which	O
received	O
funding	O
from	O
Upjohn	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
makes	O
several	O
drugs	O
to	O
treat	O
stress	O
-	O
related	O
illnesses	O
,	O
also	O
found	O
47	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
managers	O
said	O
stress	O
,	O
anxiety	O
and	O
depression	O
contribute	O
to	O
decreased	O
production	O
.	O


Alcohol	O
and	O
substance	O
abuse	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
stress	O
-	O
related	O
problems	O
was	O
cited	O
by	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
those	O
polled	O
.	O


Although	O
Dr.	O
Warshaw	B-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
stress	O
and	O
anxiety	O
have	O
their	O
positive	O
uses	O
,	O
``	O
stress	O
perceived	O
to	O
be	O
threatening	O
implies	O
a	O
component	O
of	O
fear	O
and	O
anxiety	O
that	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
burnout	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
also	O
noted	O
that	O
various	O
work	O
environments	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
night	O
work	O
,	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
``	O
stressors	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
We	O
all	O
like	O
stress	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
limit	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Paul	B-PERSON
D'Arcy	I-PERSON
,	O
of	O
Rohrer	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Hibler	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Replogle	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
corporate	O
psychology	O
and	O
management	O
consulting	O
firm	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
,	O
says	O
Mr.	O
D'Arcy	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
psychologist	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
``	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
hard	O
to	O
get	O
any	O
hard	O
measures	O
on	O
how	O
stress	O
affects	O
job	O
performance	O
.	O


For	O
Cheap	O
Air	O
Fares	O
,	O
Spend	O
Christmas	B-DATE
Aloft	O


IT	O
IS	O
N'T	O
TRUE	O
that	O
a	O
90	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
clergyman	O
on	O
a	O
mission	O
of	O
mercy	O
to	O
a	O
disaster	O
area	O
on	O
Christmas	B-DATE
Day	I-DATE
can	O
fly	O
free	O
.	O


But	O
his	O
circumstances	O
are	O
among	O
the	O
few	O
that	O
can	O
qualify	O
for	O
the	O
handful	O
of	O
really	O
cheap	O
airline	O
tickets	O
remaining	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
carriers	O
have	O
become	O
much	O
more	O
picky	O
about	O
who	O
can	O
fly	O
on	O
the	O
cheap	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
still	O
are	O
a	O
few	O
ways	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
traveler	O
can	O
qualify	O
under	O
the	O
airline	O
's	O
many	O
restrictions	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
best	O
deals	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
may	O
mean	O
skipping	O
Christmas	B-DATE
dinner	O
with	O
the	O
relatives	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
many	O
carriers	O
are	O
announcing	O
cut	O
-	O
rate	O
fares	O
designed	O
to	O
get	O
people	O
to	O
fly	O
on	O
some	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
most	I-DATE
hallowed	I-DATE
--	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
slowest	I-DATE
--	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
including	O
Christmas	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
airlines	O
had	O
waited	O
until	O
the	O
last	O
moment	O
to	O
court	O
Christmas	B-DATE
season	O
vacationers	O
with	O
bargain	O
fares	O
.	O


That	O
approach	O
flopped	O
:	O
Last	B-DATE
Christmas	I-DATE
Day	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
USAir	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
DC	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
9	I-PRODUCT
jetliner	O
flew	O
about	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
passengers	O
from	O
Chicago	B-GPE
to	O
Pittsburgh	B-GPE
.	O


So	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
airlines	O
are	O
getting	O
a	O
jump	O
on	O
holiday	O
discounts	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
cutting	O
ticket	O
prices	O
by	O
as	B-PERCENT
much	I-PERCENT
as	I-PERCENT
70	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
normal	O
levels	O
for	O
travel	O
to	O
most	O
U.S.	B-GPE
locations	O
on	O
Dec.	B-DATE
24	I-DATE
,	O
25	B-DATE
,	O
29	B-DATE
,	O
30	B-DATE
and	O
31	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
Jan.	B-DATE
4	I-DATE
,	O
5	B-DATE
and	O
6	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
promotions	O
--	O
dubbed	O
everything	O
from	O
'T-	O
is	O
the	O
Season	B-DATE
to	O
be	O
Jolly	O
to	O
Kringle	B-PERSON
fares	O
--	O
put	O
round	O
-	O
trip	O
fares	O
at	O
$	O
98	B-MONEY
,	O
$	O
148	B-MONEY
and	O
$	O
198	B-MONEY
.	O


``	O
They	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
keep	O
planes	O
flying	O
on	O
days	B-DATE
they	O
'd	O
normally	O
park	O
them	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Roger	B-PERSON
Bard	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Mr.	B-ORG
Mitchell	I-ORG
Travel	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
in	O
Burnsville	B-GPE
,	O
N.C	B-GPE
.	O


Expect	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
sky	O
-	O
high	O
prices	O
on	O
other	O
dates	O
near	O
the	B-DATE
holidays	I-DATE
when	O
the	O
airlines	O
know	O
vacationers	O
are	O
eager	O
to	O
travel	O
.	O


Consider	O
Adopting	O
Your	O
Spouse	O
's	O
Name	O


IF	O
CONTINENTAL	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
has	O
its	O
way	O
,	O
couples	O
like	O
Marlo	B-PERSON
Thomas	I-PERSON
and	O
Phil	B-PERSON
Donahue	I-PERSON
may	O
find	O
it	O
a	O
hassle	O
to	O
qualify	O
for	O
some	O
new	O
discounts	O
.	O


Continental	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
Texas	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
unit	O
,	O
recently	O
unveiled	O
a	O
marketing	O
program	O
offering	O
free	O
companion	O
tickets	O
to	O
business	O
-	O
class	O
and	O
first	O
-	O
class	O
passengers	O
on	O
international	O
flights	O
.	O


The	O
Continental	B-ORG
catch	O
:	O
Only	O
immediate	O
family	O
members	O
are	O
allowed	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
must	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
last	O
name	O
as	O
the	O
buyer	O
of	O
the	O
ticket	O
or	O
legal	O
proof	O
they	O
're	O
related	O
.	O


That	O
irritates	O
many	O
women	O
who	O
have	O
n't	O
taken	O
their	O
husbands	O
'	O
last	O
name	O
.	O


``	O
What	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
nonsense	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Jessica	B-PERSON
Crosby	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
chapter	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Women	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Owners	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
This	O
sets	O
things	O
way	O
back	O
.	O
''	O


Continental	B-ORG
's	O
logic	O
:	O
It	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
business	O
companions	O
abusing	O
the	O
promotion	O
by	O
falsely	O
claiming	O
to	O
be	O
related	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
accommodate	O
their	O
choice	O
of	O
names	O
by	O
allowing	O
them	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
''	O
family	O
affiliation	O
with	O
legal	O
documents	O
,	O
says	O
Jim	B-PERSON
O'Donnell	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
.	O


But	O
gay	O
rights	O
advocates	O
are	O
angry	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Lambda	I-ORG
Legal	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
has	O
received	O
complaints	O
from	O
homosexual	O
couples	O
whom	O
the	O
airline	O
does	O
n't	O
recognize	O
as	O
family	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
certainly	O
discrimination	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
attorney	O
Evan	B-PERSON
Wolfson	I-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
group	O
forced	O
Trans	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
change	O
a	O
rule	O
that	O
allowed	O
travelers	O
to	O
transfer	O
frequent	O
flier	O
awards	O
only	O
to	O
family	O
members	O
.	O


Take	O
Your	O
Vacation	O
In	O
a	O
Hurricane	O
Area	O


WHEN	O
HURRICANE	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
careened	O
through	O
the	O
Caribbean	B-LOC
and	O
the	O
Atlantic	B-LOC
coast	B-LOC
states	O
,	O
it	O
downed	O
electric	O
and	O
telephone	O
lines	O
,	O
shot	O
coconuts	O
through	O
cottage	O
rooftops	O
,	O
shattered	O
windows	O
and	O
uprooted	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
lives	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
lowered	O
some	O
air	O
fares	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
hurricane	O
,	O
Midway	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
American	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
AMR	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
trimmed	O
their	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
way	O
fares	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
Virgin	I-GPE
Islands	I-GPE
to	O
$	O
109	B-MONEY
from	O
prices	O
that	O
were	O
at	O
times	O
double	O
that	O
before	O
the	O
storm	O
.	O


The	O
fares	O
are	O
code	O
-	O
named	O
Hugo	B-EVENT
,	O
Compassion	O
and	O
Virgin	O
Islands	O
Aid	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Airlines	O
are	O
n't	O
lowering	O
fares	O
to	O
Northern	B-LOC
California	I-LOC
following	O
this	O
week	B-DATE
's	O
earthquake	O
,	O
but	O
reservation	O
agents	O
can	O
waive	O
advance	O
-	O
purchase	O
restrictions	O
on	O
discount	O
fares	O
for	O
emergency	O
trips	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Some	O
hotels	O
in	O
the	O
hurricane	O
-	O
stricken	O
Caribbean	B-LOC
promise	O
money	O
-	O
back	O
guarantees	O
.	O


In	O
Myrtle	B-GPE
Beach	I-GPE
,	O
S.C.	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
damaged	O
Yachtsman	B-FAC
Resort	I-FAC
offers	O
daily	B-DATE
rates	O
as	O
low	O
as	O
$	O
35	B-MONEY
,	O
or	O
as	B-PERCENT
much	I-PERCENT
as	I-PERCENT
22	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
below	O
regular	O
prices	O
.	O


Says	O
Michele	B-PERSON
Hoffman	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
clerk	O
in	O
the	O
resort	O
's	O
front	O
office	O
:	O
``	O
We	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
outdoor	O
pool	O
,	O
the	O
pool	O
table	O
,	O
ping	O
pong	O
table	O
,	O
snack	O
bar	O
or	O
VCR	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
still	O
have	O
the	O
indoor	O
pool	O
and	O
Jacuzzi	O
.	O
''	O


Just	O
Wait	O
Until	O
You	O
're	O
a	O
Bit	O
Older	O


SENIOR	O
CITIZENS	O
have	O
long	O
received	O
cheap	O
air	O
fares	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
older	O
someone	O
is	O
the	O
bigger	O
the	O
discount	O
.	O


A	O
senior	O
citizen	O
between	B-DATE
62	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
70	I-DATE
saves	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
off	O
regular	O
coach	O
fare	O
.	O


Travelers	O
up	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
age	I-DATE
99	I-DATE
get	O
a	O
percentage	O
discount	O
matching	O
their	O
age	O
.	O


And	O
centenarians	O
fly	O
free	O
in	O
first	B-ORDINAL
class	O
.	O


Next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
Northwest	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
says	O
,	O
a	O
108	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
Lansing	B-GPE
,	O
Mich.	B-GPE
,	O
woman	O
is	O
taking	O
it	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
offer	O
to	O
fly	O
with	O
her	O
72	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
son	O
to	O
Tampa	B-GPE
,	O
Fla	B-GPE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
when	O
Northwest	B-ORG
first	O
offered	O
the	O
promotion	O
,	O
only	B-CARDINAL
six	I-CARDINAL
centenarians	O
flew	O
free	O
.	O


If	O
All	O
Else	O
Fails	O
...	O
.	O


THE	O
NATION'S	O
carriers	O
also	O
provide	O
discounts	O
to	O
Red	B-ORG
Cross	I-ORG
workers	O
,	O
retired	O
military	O
personnel	O
and	O
medical	O
students	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
even	O
a	O
special	O
fare	O
for	O
clergy	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
require	O
the	O
usual	O
stay	O
over	O
Saturday	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
.	O


That	O
way	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
home	O
in	O
time	O
for	O
work	O
Sunday	B-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
British	I-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
said	O
its	O
BP	B-ORG
Exploration	I-ORG
unit	O
has	O
produced	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
oil	O
from	O
its	O
Don	B-FAC
oilfield	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
North	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
.	O


In	O
an	O
official	O
release	O
,	O
BP	B-ORG
said	O
initial	O
production	O
from	O
the	O
field	O
was	O
11,000	B-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
expects	O
peak	O
output	O
from	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
15,000	B-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
to	O
be	O
reached	O
in	O
1990	B-DATE
.	O


As	O
the	O
sponsor	O
of	O
the	O
``	O
Older	B-LAW
Americans	I-LAW
Freedom	I-LAW
to	I-LAW
Work	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
,	O
''	O
which	O
would	O
repeal	O
the	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
earnings	O
limit	O
for	O
people	O
aged	B-DATE
65	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
older	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
applaud	O
your	O
strong	O
endorsement	O
to	O
repeal	O
this	O
Depression	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
era	I-DATE
fossil	O
.	O


For	O
every	O
dollar	O
earned	O
over	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
8,880	I-MONEY
,	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
recipients	O
lose	O
50	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
of	O
their	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
benefits	O
;	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
a	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
marginal	O
tax	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
compounded	O
effects	O
of	O
``	O
seniors	O
only	O
''	O
taxes	O
result	O
in	O
truly	O
catastrophic	O
marginal	O
tax	O
rates	O
.	O


Imagine	O
a	O
widow	O
who	O
wants	O
to	O
maintain	O
her	O
standard	O
of	O
living	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
level	O
she	O
had	O
before	O
she	O
had	O
to	O
pay	O
the	O
catastrophic	O
surtax	O
.	O


Although	O
this	O
widow	O
earns	O
only	O
twice	O
the	O
minimum	O
wage	O
,	O
largely	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
earnings	O
limit	O
,	O
she	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
earn	O
an	B-MONEY
additional	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
4,930	I-MONEY
to	O
offset	O
her	O
catastrophic	O
surtax	O
of	O
$	O
496	B-MONEY
.	O


Eliminating	O
the	O
earnings	O
limit	O
would	O
greatly	O
help	O
seniors	O
and	O
reduce	O
the	O
deficit	O
.	O


Repeal	O
would	O
generate	O
more	O
in	O
new	O
taxes	O
than	O
the	O
government	O
would	O
lose	O
in	O
increased	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
benefit	O
payments	O
.	O


We	O
now	O
need	O
support	O
from	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
on	O
the	B-ORG
Rules	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
in	O
order	O
to	O
include	O
earnings	O
-	O
limit	O
reform	O
in	O
the	O
Reconciliation	O
Bill	O
.	O


Since	O
all	O
four	B-CARDINAL
Republicans	B-NORP
on	O
the	O
committee	O
are	O
co-sponsors	O
of	O
my	O
bill	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
Democrats	B-NORP
who	O
will	O
be	O
held	O
fully	O
accountable	O
if	O
an	O
earnings	O
test	O
amendment	O
is	O
not	O
allowed	O
from	O
the	O
floor	O
.	O


The	O
time	O
is	O
now	O
to	O
lift	O
the	O
burdensome	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
earnings	O
limit	O
from	O
the	O
backs	O
of	O
our	O
nation	O
's	O
seniors	O
.	O


Rep.	O
J.	B-PERSON
Dennis	I-PERSON
Hastert	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
R.	B-NORP
,	O
Ill	B-GPE
.	O
-RRB-	O


When	O
his	O
Seventh	B-FAC
Avenue	I-FAC
fur	O
business	O
here	O
was	O
flying	O
high	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Purnick	I-PERSON
had	O
25	B-CARDINAL
workers	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
factory	O
.	O


Now	O
his	O
half	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
employees	O
work	O
in	O
an	O
eighth	B-CARDINAL
-	O
floor	O
shop	O
that	O
he	O
says	O
is	O
smaller	O
than	O
his	O
old	O
storage	O
room	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
says	O
he	O
is	O
losing	O
money	O
now	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
blames	O
imports	O
.	O


But	O
just	O
down	O
Seventh	B-FAC
Avenue	I-FAC
,	O
where	O
about	O
75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
fur	O
garments	O
are	O
made	O
,	O
Larry	B-PERSON
Rosen	I-PERSON
has	O
acquired	O
two	B-CARDINAL
retail	O
outlets	O
,	O
broadened	O
his	O
fur	O
-	O
making	O
line	O
and	O
expanded	O
into	O
leather	O
.	O


He	O
credits	O
imports	O
.	O


The	O
difference	O
lies	O
in	O
how	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
entrepreneurial	O
furriers	O
reacted	O
to	O
the	O
foreign	O
competition	O
and	O
transformation	O
of	O
their	O
industry	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
stuck	O
to	O
old	O
-	O
line	O
business	O
traditions	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
other	O
embraced	O
the	O
change	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
small	O
,	O
good	O
fur	O
salon	O
is	O
not	O
what	O
it	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Purnick	B-PERSON
,	O
75	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
We	O
make	O
the	O
finest	O
product	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
are	O
being	O
kicked	O
around	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Rosen	B-PERSON
,	O
though	O
,	O
believes	O
imports	O
have	O
reinvigorated	O
the	O
industry	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
has	O
worked	O
for	O
most	O
of	O
his	B-DATE
57	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
You	O
've	O
got	O
some	O
minds	O
here	O
that	O
wo	O
n't	O
think	O
progressively	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Import	O
competition	O
for	O
U.S.	B-GPE
furs	O
has	O
risen	O
sharply	O
since	O
furriers	O
started	O
aggressively	O
marketing	O
``	O
working	O
-	O
girl	O
mink	O
''	O
and	O
similar	O
lower	O
-	O
priced	O
imported	O
furs	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Merchants	O
discovered	O
a	O
consumer	O
largely	O
ignored	O
by	O
higher	O
-	O
priced	O
furriers	O
:	O
the	O
younger	O
woman	O
--	O
even	O
in	O
her	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
20s	I-DATE
--	O
who	O
never	O
thought	O
she	O
could	O
buy	O
a	O
mink	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
market	O
helped	O
boost	O
U.S.	B-GPE
fur	O
sales	O
to	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
now	B-DATE
,	O
triple	O
the	O
level	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
also	O
opened	O
the	O
door	O
to	O
furs	O
made	O
in	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O


Jindo	B-ORG
Furs	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
large	O
South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
maker	O
,	O
says	O
it	O
operates	O
35	B-CARDINAL
retail	O
outlets	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
plans	O
to	O
open	O
15	B-CARDINAL
more	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Purnick	B-PERSON
and	O
other	O
old	O
-	O
line	O
furriers	O
call	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
the	O
imports	O
unstylish	O
and	O
poorly	O
made	O
.	O


High	O
-	O
end	O
U.S.	B-GPE
furriers	O
say	O
these	O
imports	O
have	O
n't	O
squeezed	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
low	O
-	O
priced	O
and	O
middle	O
-	O
priced	O
furriers	O
like	O
Mr.	O
Purnick	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
once	O
saturated	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
-	O
block	O
Seventh	B-FAC
Avenue	I-FAC
fur	O
district	O
,	O
say	O
imports	O
have	O
cut	O
their	O
sales	O
.	O


A	O
woman	O
who	O
once	O
would	O
have	O
saved	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
seasons	I-DATE
to	O
buy	O
a	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
made	O
mink	O
can	O
now	O
get	O
an	O
imported	O
mink	O
right	O
away	O
for	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2,000	I-MONEY
.	O


Yet	O
Mr.	O
Rosen	B-PERSON
has	O
turned	O
the	O
import	O
phenomenon	O
to	O
his	O
advantage	O
.	O


Early	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
he	O
saw	O
that	O
fur	O
workers	O
in	O
many	O
foreign	O
countries	O
were	O
willing	O
to	O
work	O
longer	O
hours	B-TIME
at	O
lower	O
wages	O
than	O
their	O
American	B-NORP
counterparts	O
and	O
were	O
more	O
open	O
to	O
innovation	O
.	O


In	O
1982	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
started	O
a	O
factory	O
in	O
Greece	B-GPE
.	O


Two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
opened	O
one	O
in	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
.	O


He	O
also	O
noticed	O
that	O
foreign	O
makers	O
were	O
introducing	O
many	O
variations	O
on	O
the	O
traditional	O
fur	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
decided	O
to	O
follow	O
suit	O
.	O


By	O
combining	O
his	O
strengths	O
in	O
innovation	O
and	O
quality	O
control	O
with	O
the	O
lower	O
costs	O
of	O
production	O
abroad	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
he	O
has	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
produce	O
high	O
-	O
quality	O
goods	O
at	O
low	O
cost	O
.	O


To	O
maintain	O
control	O
over	O
production	O
and	O
avoid	O
overdependence	O
on	O
foreign	O
sources	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
he	O
still	O
makes	O
most	O
of	O
his	O
furs	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
he	O
also	O
began	O
importing	O
from	O
the	B-LOC
Far	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


Inspired	O
by	O
imports	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Rosen	B-PERSON
now	O
makes	O
fur	O
muffs	O
,	O
hats	O
and	O
flings	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
he	O
produced	O
a	O
men	O
's	O
line	O
and	O
offers	O
dyed	O
furs	O
in	O
red	O
,	O
cherry	O
red	O
,	O
violet	O
,	O
royal	O
blue	O
and	O
forest	O
green	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
leather	O
jackets	O
from	O
Turkey	B-GPE
that	O
are	O
lined	O
with	O
eel	O
skin	O
and	O
topped	O
off	O
with	O
raccoon	O
-	O
skin	O
collars	O
.	O


From	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
he	O
has	O
mink	O
jackets	O
with	O
floral	O
patterns	O
made	O
by	O
using	O
different	O
colored	O
furs	O
.	O


Next	O
he	O
will	O
be	O
testing	O
pictured	O
embroidery	O
-LRB-	O
called	O
kalega	O
-RRB-	O
made	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Far	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


He	O
plans	O
to	O
attach	O
the	O
embroidery	O
to	O
the	O
backs	O
of	O
mink	O
coats	O
and	O
jackets	O
.	O


Besides	O
adding	O
to	O
sales	O
,	O
leathers	O
also	O
attract	O
retailers	O
who	O
may	O
buy	O
furs	O
later	O
,	O
he	O
adds	O
.	O


Other	O
furriers	O
have	O
also	O
benefited	O
from	O
leathers	O
.	O


Seymour	B-PERSON
Schreibman	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
65	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
owner	O
of	O
Schreibman	B-ORG
Raphael	I-ORG
Furs	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
treats	O
the	O
reverse	O
side	O
of	O
a	O
Persian	B-NORP
lambskin	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
reversible	O
fur	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
leather	O
garment	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
it	O
accounts	O
for	O
25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
total	O
sales	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Rosen	B-PERSON
is	O
also	O
pushing	O
retail	O
sales	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
he	O
bought	O
two	B-CARDINAL
stores	O
,	O
one	O
in	O
Brooklyn	B-GPE
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
in	O
Queens	B-GPE
.	O


Other	O
furriers	O
have	O
also	O
placed	O
more	O
weight	O
on	O
retailing	O
.	O


Golden	B-ORG
Feldman	I-ORG
Furs	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
began	O
retailing	O
aggressively	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
now	O
retail	O
sales	O
account	O
for	O
about	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
gross	O
income	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
moves	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Rosen	B-PERSON
says	O
he	O
bought	O
a	O
truck	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
to	O
reach	O
more	O
retailers	O
.	O


Since	O
then	O
he	O
has	O
expanded	O
his	O
fleet	O
and	O
can	O
now	O
bring	O
his	O
furs	O
to	O
the	O
front	O
door	O
of	O
retailers	O
as	O
far	O
away	O
as	O
the	O
Midwest	B-LOC
.	O


Small	O
retailers	O
who	O
ca	O
n't	O
afford	O
to	O
travel	O
to	O
his	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
showroom	O
have	O
become	O
fair	O
game	O
.	O


Such	O
moves	O
have	O
helped	O
Mr.	O
Rosen	B-PERSON
weather	O
the	O
industry	O
slump	O
of	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
industry	O
enjoyed	O
six	B-DATE
prosperous	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
beginning	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
since	O
1986	B-DATE
sales	O
have	O
languished	O
at	O
their	O
$	B-MONEY
1.8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
peak	O
.	O


Large	O
furriers	O
such	O
as	O
Antonovich	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Fur	B-ORG
Vault	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
and	O
Evans	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
all	O
reported	O
losses	O
in	O
their	B-DATE
latest	I-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Aftereffects	O
of	O
the	O
1987	B-DATE
stock	O
market	O
crash	O
head	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
reasons	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
competition	O
has	O
glutted	O
the	O
market	O
with	O
both	O
skins	O
and	O
coats	O
,	O
driving	O
prices	O
down	O
.	O


The	O
animal	O
-	O
rights	O
movement	O
has	O
n't	O
helped	O
sales	O
.	O


Warm	O
winters	B-DATE
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
have	O
trimmed	O
demand	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
furriers	O
complain	O
.	O


And	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
n't	O
move	O
some	O
production	O
overseas	O
suffer	O
labor	O
shortages	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
intensive	O
labor	O
needed	O
to	O
manufacture	O
furs	O
-LCB-	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O
-RCB-	O
is	O
not	O
as	O
available	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Schreibman	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
starting	O
overseas	O
production	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
found	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
cope	O
with	O
the	O
imports	O
and	O
the	O
slump	O
,	O
fear	O
that	O
furs	O
are	O
losing	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
allure	O
.	O


``	O
People	O
are	O
promoting	O
furs	O
in	O
various	O
ways	O
and	O
taking	O
the	O
glamour	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
fur	O
business	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Stephen	B-PERSON
Sanders	I-PERSON
,	O
divisional	O
merchandise	O
manager	O
for	O
Marshall	B-ORG
Field	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
department	O
store	O
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
You	O
ca	O
n't	O
make	O
a	O
commodity	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
luxury	O
,	O
''	O
insists	O
Mr.	O
Purnick	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
furrier	O
.	O


He	O
contends	O
that	O
chasing	O
consumers	O
with	O
low	O
-	O
priced	O
imports	O
will	O
harm	O
the	O
industry	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
run	O
by	O
reducing	O
the	O
prestige	O
of	O
furs	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Rosen	B-PERSON
responds	O
:	O
``	O
Whatever	O
people	O
want	O
to	O
buy	O
,	O
I	O
'll	O
sell	O
.	O


The	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
is	O
to	O
move	O
goods	O
.	O


Four	B-CARDINAL
workers	O
at	O
GTE	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
headquarters	O
have	O
been	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
having	O
hepatitis	O
,	O
and	O
city	O
health	O
officials	O
are	O
investigating	O
whether	O
a	O
cafeteria	O
worker	O
may	O
have	O
exposed	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
other	O
GTE	B-ORG
employees	O
to	O
the	O
viral	O
infection	O
,	O
company	O
and	O
city	O
officials	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
four	B-CARDINAL
cases	O
were	O
all	O
reported	O
to	O
GTE	B-ORG
's	O
medical	O
director	O
and	O
state	O
and	O
local	O
health	O
authorities	O
.	O


GTE	B-ORG
shut	O
down	O
its	O
cafeteria	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
afternoon	B-TIME
after	O
testing	O
determined	O
that	O
at	O
least	O
one	B-CARDINAL
cafeteria	O
worker	O
employed	O
by	O
GTE	B-ORG
's	O
private	O
food	O
vending	O
contractor	O
,	O
ARA	B-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
was	O
suffering	O
from	O
a	O
strain	O
of	O
the	O
virus	O
,	O
officials	O
said	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
700	I-CARDINAL
people	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
GTE	B-ORG
building	O
.	O


The	O
cafeteria	O
remains	O
closed	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
McBride	I-PERSON
,	O
city	O
health	O
director	O
,	O
said	O
his	O
staff	O
suspects	O
the	O
hepatitis	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
highly	O
contagious	O
,	O
was	O
spread	O
by	O
the	O
cafeteria	O
worker	O
with	O
the	O
virus	O
.	O


The	O
exact	O
strain	O
of	O
hepatitis	O
that	O
the	O
cafeteria	O
worker	O
contracted	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
determined	O
but	O
should	O
be	O
known	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
Dr.	B-PERSON
McBride	I-PERSON
said	O
.	O


Hepatitis	O
A	O
,	O
considered	O
the	O
least	O
dangerous	O
strain	O
of	O
the	O
virus	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
confirmed	O
in	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
GTE	B-ORG
employee	O
,	O
company	O
and	O
city	O
officials	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
From	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
we	O
're	O
relieved	O
because	O
hepatitis	O
A	O
is	O
rarely	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Dr.	O
Frank	B-PERSON
Provato	I-PERSON
,	O
GTE	B-ORG
's	O
medical	O
director	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
a	O
double	O
-	O
edged	O
sword	O
though	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
most	O
contagious	O
kind	O
of	O
hepatitis	O
.	O
''	O


GTE	B-ORG
officials	O
began	O
posting	O
warning	O
notices	O
about	O
the	O
potential	O
threat	O
to	O
exposure	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
morning	B-TIME
at	O
various	O
places	O
at	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
said	O
GTE	B-ORG
spokesman	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
Mattausch	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
company	O
has	O
begun	O
offering	O
shots	O
of	O
gamma	O
globulin	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
diminish	O
the	O
flu	O
-	O
like	O
symptoms	O
of	O
hepatitis	O
A	O
,	O
in	O
anyone	O
who	O
has	O
contracted	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Mattausch	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
're	O
strongly	O
recommending	O
that	O
anyone	O
who	O
has	O
eaten	O
in	O
the	O
cafeteria	O
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
have	O
the	O
shot	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Mattausch	B-PERSON
added	O
,	O
``	O
and	O
that	O
means	O
virtually	O
everyone	O
who	O
works	O
here	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
appalled	O
to	O
read	O
the	O
misstatements	O
of	O
facts	O
in	O
your	O
Oct.	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
editorial	O
``	O
Colombia	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Brave	I-WORK_OF_ART
Publisher	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
guerrillas	O
who	O
are	O
aligned	O
with	O
the	O
drug	O
traffickers	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
left	O
wing	O
.	O


This	O
information	O
was	O
gleaned	O
from	O
your	O
own	O
news	O
stories	O
on	O
the	O
region	O
.	O


Past	O
Colombian	B-NORP
government	O
tolerance	O
of	O
the	O
``	O
narcotraficantes	O
''	O
was	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
drug	O
lords	O
'	O
history	O
of	O
wiping	O
out	O
leftists	O
in	O
the	O
hinterlands	O
.	O


Mary	B-PERSON
Poulin	I-PERSON
Palo	B-GPE
Alto	I-GPE
,	I-GPE
Calif.	I-GPE


I	O
suggest	O
that	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
U.S.	B-GPE
news	O
publications	O
of	O
like	O
mind	O
-RRB-	O
should	O
put	O
its	O
money	O
where	O
its	O
mouth	O
is	O
:	O
Lend	O
computer	O
equipment	O
to	O
replace	O
that	O
damaged	O
at	O
El	B-ORG
Espectador	I-ORG
,	O
buy	O
ad	O
space	O
,	O
publish	O
stories	O
under	O
the	O
bylines	O
of	O
El	B-ORG
Espectador	I-ORG
journalists	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
an	O
arrangement	O
could	O
be	O
worked	O
out	O
to	O
``	O
sponsor	O
''	O
El	B-ORG
Espectador	I-ORG
journalists	O
and	O
staff	O
by	O
paying	O
for	O
added	O
security	O
in	O
exchange	O
for	O
exclusive	O
stories	O
.	O


Reward	O
El	B-ORG
Espectador	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
courage	O
with	O
real	O
support	O
.	O


Douglas	B-PERSON
B.	I-PERSON
Evans	I-PERSON


COCA	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
COLA	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
--	O


Anton	B-PERSON
Amon	I-PERSON
and	O
George	B-PERSON
Gourlay	I-PERSON
were	O
elected	O
vice	O
presidents	O
of	O
this	O
soft	O
-	O
drink	O
company	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Amon	B-PERSON
,	O
46	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
director	O
of	O
quality	O
assurance	O
;	O
most	O
recently	O
,	O
he	O
served	O
as	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
operations	O
,	O
for	O
Coca	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Cola	I-ORG
Enterprises	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Gourlay	B-PERSON
,	O
48	B-DATE
,	O
is	O
manager	O
for	O
corporate	O
manufacturing	O
operations	O
;	O
he	O
was	O
assistant	O
vice	O
president	O
at	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
a	O
slide	O
in	O
sterling	O
,	O
a	O
tailspin	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
string	O
of	O
problematic	O
economic	O
indicators	O
,	O
British	B-NORP
Chancellor	O
of	O
the	O
Exchequer	O
Nigel	B-PERSON
Lawson	I-PERSON
promised	O
gradual	O
improvement	O
in	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
economy	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
speech	O
prepared	O
for	O
delivery	O
to	O
London	B-GPE
's	O
financial	O
community	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Lawson	B-PERSON
summed	O
up	O
current	O
economic	O
policy	O
as	O
a	O
battle	O
to	O
wring	O
inflation	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
economy	O
,	O
using	O
high	O
interest	O
rates	O
as	O
``	O
the	O
essential	O
instrument	O
''	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
the	O
campaign	O
.	O


Two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
after	O
boosting	O
base	O
rates	O
to	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
he	O
pledged	O
that	O
``	O
rates	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
remain	O
high	O
for	O
some	O
time	O
to	O
come	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Lawson	B-PERSON
also	O
made	O
it	O
clear	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
watching	O
exchange	O
rates	O
carefully	O
.	O


A	O
sinking	O
pound	O
makes	O
imports	O
more	O
expensive	O
and	O
increases	O
businesses	O
'	O
expectations	O
of	O
future	O
inflation	O
,	O
he	O
argued	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
apparent	O
warning	O
to	O
currency	O
traders	O
who	O
have	O
lately	O
been	O
selling	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
currency	O
,	O
he	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
exchange	O
rates	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
``	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
assessment	O
of	O
monetary	O
conditions	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
reaffirming	O
the	O
current	O
monetary	O
policy	O
of	O
using	O
high	O
interest	O
rates	O
to	O
fight	O
inflation	O
and	O
shore	O
up	O
the	O
pound	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Lawson	B-PERSON
dismissed	O
other	O
approaches	O
to	O
managing	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
he	O
monitors	O
the	O
money	O
-	O
supply	O
figures	O
,	O
but	O
does	O
n't	O
give	O
them	O
paramount	O
importance	O
,	O
as	O
some	O
private	O
and	O
government	O
economists	O
have	O
suggested	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lawson	B-PERSON
also	O
dismissed	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
imposing	O
direct	O
credit	O
controls	O
on	O
Britain	B-GPE
's	O
financial	O
system	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lawson	B-PERSON
's	O
speech	O
,	O
delivered	O
at	O
the	O
Lord	O
Mayor	O
of	O
London	B-GPE
's	O
annual	O
dinner	O
at	O
Mansion	B-FAC
House	I-FAC
,	O
came	O
on	O
the	O
heels	O
of	O
a	O
grueling	O
period	O
for	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
economy	O
.	O


Two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
a	O
campaign	O
to	O
blunt	O
inflation	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
arrest	O
a	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
plunge	O
in	O
the	O
pound	O
,	O
he	O
raised	O
base	O
rates	O
a	O
full	O
percentage	O
point	O
to	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Despite	O
the	O
increase	O
,	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
currency	O
slid	O
below	O
a	O
perceived	O
threshold	O
of	O
three	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
early	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
was	O
quoted	O
at	O
2.9428	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
in	O
late	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
trading	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
.	O


Leading	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
speech	O
was	O
a	O
drumroll	O
of	O
economic	O
statistics	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
war	O
on	O
inflation	O
will	O
be	O
more	O
bruising	O
than	O
previously	O
assumed	O
.	O


Unemployment	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
dropped	O
to	O
1,695,000	B-CARDINAL
,	O
the	O
lowest	O
level	O
since	O
1980	B-DATE
.	O


While	O
lower	O
joblessness	O
is	O
generally	O
good	O
news	O
,	O
the	O
hefty	O
drop	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
n't	O
slowing	O
down	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
hoped	O
--	O
despite	O
a	O
doubling	O
of	O
interest	O
rates	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
16	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
average	O
earnings	O
in	O
Britain	B-GPE
were	O
up	O
8.75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
August	B-DATE
over	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Another	O
inflationary	O
sign	O
came	O
in	O
a	O
surge	O
in	O
building	O
-	O
society	O
lending	O
to	O
a	O
record	O
#	B-MONEY
10.2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
16.22	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
much	O
higher	O
level	O
than	O
economists	O
had	O
predicted	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
separate	O
speech	O
prepared	O
for	O
delivery	O
at	O
the	O
dinner	O
,	O
Robin	B-PERSON
Leigh	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Pemberton	I-PERSON
,	O
Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
England	I-ORG
governor	O
,	O
conceded	O
that	O
``	O
demand	O
pressures	O
were	O
even	O
more	O
buoyant	O
than	O
had	O
been	O
appreciated	O
''	O
when	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
economy	O
was	O
heating	O
up	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
added	O
that	O
``	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
quick	O
-	O
fix	O
solution	O
''	O
to	O
the	O
economic	O
woes	O
,	O
and	O
said	O
``	O
tight	O
monetary	O
policy	O
is	O
the	O
right	O
approach	O
.	O
''	O


Discussing	O
the	O
recent	O
slide	O
in	O
stock	O
prices	O
,	O
the	O
central	O
bank	O
governor	O
stated	O
that	O
``	O
the	O
markets	O
now	O
appear	O
to	O
have	O
steadied	O
''	O
after	O
the	O
``	O
nasty	O
jolt	O
''	O
of	O
the	O
190.58	B-CARDINAL
-	O
point	O
plunge	O
in	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Although	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
market	O
plunge	O
prompted	O
a	O
70.5	B-CARDINAL
-	O
point	O
drop	O
in	O
the	O
London	O
Financial	O
Times	O
-	O
Stock	O
Exchange	O
100	O
Share	O
Index	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Leigh	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Pemberton	I-PERSON
declared	O
``	O
that	O
the	O
experience	O
owed	O
nothing	O
to	O
the	O
particular	O
problems	O
of	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
economy	O
.	O
''	O


Specifically	O
,	O
he	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
market	O
,	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
has	O
far	O
fewer	O
highly	O
leveraged	O
junk	O
-	O
bond	O
financings	O
.	O


Discussing	O
future	O
monetary	O
arrangements	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Lawson	B-PERSON
repeated	O
the	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
government	O
's	O
commitment	O
to	O
join	O
the	O
exchange	O
rate	O
mechanism	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
Monetary	O
System	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
indicate	O
when	O
.	O


Ing	O
.	O


C.	O
Olivetti	O
&	O
Co.	O
,	O
claiming	O
it	O
has	O
won	O
the	O
race	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
to	O
introduce	O
computers	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
powerful	O
new	O
microprocessor	O
chip	O
,	O
unveiled	O
its	O
CP486	B-PRODUCT
computer	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
product	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
from	O
a	O
European	B-NORP
company	O
based	O
on	O
Intel	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
new	O
32	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
bit	I-QUANTITY
486tm	B-PRODUCT
microprocessor	O
,	O
which	O
works	O
several	O
times	O
faster	O
than	O
previously	O
available	O
chips	O
.	O


Hewlett	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Packard	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
became	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
company	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
to	O
announce	O
a	O
product	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
chip	O
earlier	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
start	O
shipping	O
the	O
computers	O
until	O
early	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


An	O
Olivetti	B-ORG
spokesman	O
said	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
factories	O
are	O
already	O
beginning	O
to	O
produce	O
the	O
machine	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
available	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
by	O
December	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
What	O
this	O
means	O
is	O
that	O
Europeans	B-NORP
will	O
have	O
these	O
machines	O
in	O
their	O
offices	O
before	O
Americans	B-NORP
do	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
chip	O
``	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
big	O
step	O
in	O
computing	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
that	O
Olivetti	B-ORG
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
out	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
with	O
this	O
product	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Patricia	B-PERSON
Meagher	I-PERSON
Davis	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
analyst	O
at	O
James	B-ORG
Capel	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
in	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


Executives	O
at	O
Olivetti	B-ORG
,	O
whose	O
earnings	O
have	O
been	O
steadily	O
sliding	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
have	O
acknowledged	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
they	O
have	O
lagged	O
at	O
getting	O
new	O
technology	O
to	O
market	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Davis	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
new	O
machines	O
could	O
steal	O
some	O
sales	O
away	O
from	O
Olivetti	B-ORG
's	O
own	O
minicomputers	O
,	O
but	O
would	O
bring	O
new	O
sales	O
among	O
professionals	O
such	O
as	O
engineers	O
,	O
stockbrokers	O
and	O
medical	O
doctors	O
.	O


Although	O
Olivetti	B-ORG
's	O
profits	O
tumbled	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
she	O
believes	O
Olivetti	B-ORG
's	O
restructuring	O
last	B-DATE
fall	I-DATE
and	O
its	O
introduction	O
of	O
new	O
products	O
will	O
begin	O
to	O
bear	O
fruit	O
with	O
an	O
earnings	O
rebound	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
especially	O
if	O
it	O
can	O
fulfill	O
its	O
promise	O
to	O
deliver	O
the	O
new	O
machines	O
by	O
December	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
We	O
think	O
the	O
worst	O
is	O
over	O
''	O
in	O
the	O
European	B-NORP
information	O
-	O
technology	O
market	O
,	O
she	O
said	O
.	O


Depending	O
on	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
software	O
and	O
peripherals	O
used	O
,	O
the	O
machines	O
can	O
serve	O
either	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
computer	O
in	O
a	O
network	O
of	O
many	O
terminals	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
role	O
usually	O
filled	O
by	O
a	O
minicomputer	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
technical	O
workstation	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
very	O
fast	O
personal	O
computer	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
the	O
missing	O
link	O
''	O
in	O
Olivetti	B-ORG
's	O
product	O
line	O
between	O
small	O
personal	O
computers	O
and	O
higher	O
-	O
priced	O
minicomputers	O
,	O
the	O
Olivetti	B-ORG
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


He	O
added	O
that	O
Olivetti	B-ORG
will	O
continue	O
making	O
its	O
LSX	B-ORG
minicomputer	O
line	O
.	O


The	O
machines	O
will	O
cost	O
around	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
16,250	I-MONEY
on	O
average	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
Intel	B-ORG
486	B-PRODUCT
chip	O
can	O
process	O
15	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
instructions	I-QUANTITY
per	I-QUANTITY
second	I-QUANTITY
,	O
or	O
MIPS	O
,	O
while	O
Intel	B-ORG
's	O
previous	O
386	B-PRODUCT
chip	O
could	O
handle	O
only	B-QUANTITY
3	I-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
6	I-QUANTITY
MIPS	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Olivetti	B-ORG
also	O
plans	O
to	O
sell	O
the	O
CP486	B-PRODUCT
computer	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
starting	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
through	O
Olivetti	B-ORG
USA	I-ORG
and	O
through	O
its	O
ISC	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
Bunker	I-ORG
Ramo	I-ORG
unit	O
,	O
which	O
specializes	O
in	O
automating	O
bank	O
-	O
branch	O
networks	O
.	O


Viatech	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
received	O
approval	O
from	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
government	O
for	O
its	O
proposed	O
$	B-MONEY
44.7	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
acquisition	O
of	O
Ferembal	B-ORG
S.A	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
approval	O
satisfies	O
the	O
remaining	O
conditions	O
of	O
the	O
purchase	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
close	O
within	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


erembal	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
-	O
largest	O
maker	O
of	O
food	O
cans	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
had	O
1988	B-DATE
sales	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


Ferembal	B-ORG
has	O
930	B-CARDINAL
workers	O
at	O
four	B-CARDINAL
canning	O
manufacturing	O
plants	O
and	O
one	O
plastic	O
container	O
facility	O
.	O


Viatech	B-ORG
makes	O
flexible	O
packaging	O
films	O
and	O
machinery	O
,	O
and	O
materials	O
for	O
the	O
food	O
and	O
pharmaceutical	O
industries	O
.	O


Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
benefits	O
will	O
rise	O
4.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
keep	O
pace	O
with	O
inflation	O
,	O
boosting	O
the	O
average	O
monthly	B-DATE
benefit	O
to	O
$	O
566	B-MONEY
from	O
$	O
541	B-MONEY
,	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
announced	O
.	O


The	O
higher	O
payments	O
will	O
start	O
with	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
checks	O
received	O
on	O
Jan.	B-DATE
3	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
.	O


Supplemental	O
Security	O
Income	O
payments	O
to	O
the	O
disabled	O
also	O
will	O
rise	O
4.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
starting	O
with	O
checks	O
received	O
on	O
Dec.	B-DATE
29	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1988	I-DATE
,	O
increasing	O
the	O
maximum	O
SSI	O
payment	O
to	O
$	O
386	B-MONEY
from	O
$	O
368	B-MONEY
a	O
month	O
.	O


The	O
inflation	O
adjustment	O
also	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
maximum	O
annual	B-DATE
level	O
of	O
earnings	O
subject	O
to	O
the	O
wage	O
tax	O
that	O
generates	O
revenue	O
for	O
the	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
trust	O
fund	O
will	O
rise	O
to	O
$	O
50,400	B-MONEY
in	O
1990	B-DATE
from	O
$	O
48,000	B-MONEY
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
mandated	O
by	O
law	O
,	O
the	O
tax	O
rate	O
will	O
rise	O
to	O
7.65	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1990	B-DATE
from	O
7.51	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
wo	O
n't	O
rise	O
any	O
further	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


This	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
maximum	O
yearly	B-DATE
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
tax	O
paid	O
by	O
workers	O
and	O
employers	O
each	O
will	O
rise	O
$	O
250.80	B-MONEY
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
$	O
3,855.60	B-MONEY
.	O


Beneficiaries	O
aged	O
65	B-DATE
through	I-DATE
69	I-DATE
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
earn	O
$	O
9,360	B-MONEY
without	O
losing	O
any	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
benefits	O
in	O
1990	B-DATE
,	O
up	O
from	O
$	O
8,880	B-MONEY
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
exempt	O
amount	O
for	O
beneficiaries	O
under	B-DATE
65	I-DATE
will	O
rise	O
to	O
$	O
6,840	B-MONEY
from	O
$	O
6,480	B-MONEY
.	O


The	O
adjustments	O
reflect	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
consumer	O
price	O
index	O
for	O
urban	O
wage	O
earners	O
and	O
clerical	O
workers	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Initial	O
claims	O
for	O
regular	O
state	O
unemployment	O
benefits	O
rose	O
to	O
a	O
seasonally	O
adjusted	O
396,000	B-CARDINAL
during	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
Oct.	I-DATE
7	I-DATE
from	O
334,000	B-CARDINAL
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Labor	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
receiving	O
regular	O
state	O
benefits	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
Sept.	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
decreased	O
to	O
a	O
seasonally	O
adjusted	O
2,202,000	B-CARDINAL
,	O
or	O
2.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
those	O
covered	O
by	O
unemployment	O
insurance	O
,	O
from	O
2,205,000	B-CARDINAL
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
insured	O
unemployment	O
rate	O
also	O
was	O
2.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Counting	O
all	O
state	O
and	O
federal	O
benefit	O
programs	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
receiving	O
unemployment	O
benefits	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
Sept.	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
fell	O
to	O
1,809,300	B-CARDINAL
from	O
1,838,200	B-CARDINAL
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


These	O
figures	O
are	O
n't	O
seasonally	O
adjusted	O
.	O


A	O
Labor	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
spokesman	O
said	O
the	O
unusually	O
high	O
number	O
of	O
initial	O
claims	O
for	O
state	O
unemployment	O
benefits	O
reflects	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
Hurricane	B-EVENT
Hugo	I-EVENT
on	O
southern	O
states	O
,	O
particularly	O
North	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
figure	O
also	O
may	O
reflect	O
initial	O
claims	O
filed	O
by	O
striking	O
Nynex	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
workers	O
who	O
have	O
become	O
eligible	O
for	O
unemployment	O
benefits	O
,	O
the	O
official	O
said	O
.	O


USACafes	B-ORG
Limited	I-ORG
Partnership	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
completed	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
its	O
Bonanza	B-ORG
restaurant	O
franchise	O
system	O
to	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Metromedia	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
for	O
$	B-MONEY
71	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
cash	O
.	O


USACafes	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
nearly	O
half	O
-	O
owned	O
by	O
Sam	B-PERSON
and	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Wyly	I-PERSON
of	O
Dallas	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
it	O
will	O
distribute	O
proceeds	O
from	O
the	O
sale	O
to	O
unit	O
holders	O
as	O
a	O
liquidating	O
dividend	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


The	O
Bonanza	B-ORG
franchise	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
generates	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
600	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
sales	O
annually	B-DATE
,	O
represented	O
substantially	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
partnership	O
's	O
assets	O
.	O


The	O
sale	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
has	O
been	O
challenged	O
in	O
a	O
class	O
-	O
action	O
suit	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
unit	O
holders	O
filed	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
a	O
Delaware	B-GPE
court	O
,	O
USACafes	B-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
said	O
it	O
believes	O
the	O
suit	O
is	O
without	O
merit	O
.	O


Directors	O
of	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
Banca	B-ORG
Nazionale	I-ORG
del	I-ORG
Lavoro	I-ORG
approved	O
a	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
step	O
capital	O
-	O
boosting	O
transaction	O
and	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
rules	O
that	O
will	O
help	O
it	O
operate	O
more	O
like	O
a	O
private	O
-	O
sector	O
institution	O
.	O


Until	O
now	O
,	O
BNL	B-ORG
's	O
top	O
managers	O
and	O
its	O
directors	O
have	O
been	O
appointed	O
by	O
a	O
Treasury	B-ORG
decree	O
.	O


But	O
under	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
proposed	O
statutes	O
,	O
an	O
assembly	O
of	O
shareholders	O
must	O
approve	O
board	O
members	O
.	O


The	O
bank	O
's	O
chairman	O
and	O
director	O
general	O
,	O
who	O
also	O
sit	O
on	O
the	O
board	O
,	O
still	O
would	O
be	O
appointed	O
by	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
.	O


BNL	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
Italian	B-NORP
Treasury	B-ORG
,	O
was	O
rocked	O
by	O
the	O
disclosure	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
that	O
its	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
branch	O
extended	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
unauthorized	O
credits	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
ensuing	O
scandal	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
management	O
resigned	O
,	O
has	O
helped	O
renew	O
calls	O
for	O
privatization	O
,	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
an	O
overhaul	O
,	O
of	O
Italy	B-GPE
's	O
banking	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
about	B-PERCENT
80	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
state	O
-	O
controlled	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
related	O
move	O
,	O
the	O
bank	O
also	O
proposed	O
that	O
board	O
representation	O
be	O
linked	O
more	O
closely	O
to	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
new	O
shareholding	O
structure	O
.	O


BNL	B-ORG
called	O
a	O
shareholders	O
'	O
assembly	O
meeting	O
in	O
December	B-DATE
to	O
vote	O
on	O
the	O
proposals	O
.	O


BNL	B-ORG
has	O
about	B-CARDINAL
75,000	I-CARDINAL
nonvoting	O
shares	O
that	O
are	O
listed	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Milan	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
shares	O
were	O
suspended	O
from	O
trading	O
following	O
disclosure	O
of	O
the	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
scandal	O
;	O
Consob	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
stock	O
exchange	O
regulatory	O
body	O
,	O
reportedly	O
will	O
decide	O
soon	O
whether	O
to	O
end	O
the	O
trading	O
suspension	O
.	O


Heidi	B-PERSON
Ehman	I-PERSON
might	O
have	O
stepped	O
from	O
a	O
recruiting	O
poster	O
for	O
young	O
Republicans	B-NORP
.	O


White	B-PERSON
,	O
24	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
singer	O
in	O
her	O
church	O
choir	O
,	O
she	O
symbolizes	O
a	O
generation	O
that	O
gave	O
its	O
heart	O
and	O
its	O
vote	O
to	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Reagan	I-PERSON
.	O


``	O
I	O
felt	O
kind	O
of	O
safe	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
says	O
.	O


No	O
longer	O
.	O


When	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
opened	O
the	O
door	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
new	O
restrictions	O
on	O
abortion	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Ehman	B-PERSON
opened	O
her	O
mind	O
to	O
Democratic	B-NORP
politics	O
.	O


Then	O
a	O
political	O
novice	O
,	O
she	O
stepped	O
into	O
a	O
whirl	O
of	O
``	O
pro-choice	O
''	O
marches	O
,	O
house	O
parties	O
and	O
fund	O
-	O
raisers	O
.	O


Now	O
she	O
leads	O
a	O
grassroots	O
abortion	O
-	O
rights	O
campaign	O
in	O
Passaic	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
for	O
pro-choice	O
Democratic	B-NORP
gubernatorial	O
candidate	O
James	B-PERSON
Florio	I-PERSON
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
one	O
where	O
I	O
cross	O
party	O
lines	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
says	O
,	O
rejecting	O
the	O
anti-abortion	O
stance	O
of	O
Rep.	O
Florio	B-PERSON
's	O
opponent	O
,	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
-	O
Republican	O
Rep.	O
James	B-PERSON
Courter	I-PERSON
.	O


``	O
People	O
my	O
age	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
issue	O
.	O


Now	O
it	O
has	O
--	O
especially	O
for	O
people	O
my	O
age	O
.	O
''	O


Polls	O
bear	O
out	O
this	O
warning	O
,	O
but	O
after	O
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
of	O
increased	O
Republican	B-NORP
influence	O
here	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
politics	O
of	O
abortion	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
a	O
world	O
turned	O
upside	O
down	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Courter	B-PERSON
.	O


Unless	O
he	O
closes	O
the	O
gap	O
,	O
Republicans	B-NORP
risk	O
losing	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
governorship	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
assembly	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Going	O
into	O
the	B-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
GOP	B-ORG
is	O
paying	O
a	O
price	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
conservative	O
social	O
agenda	O
that	O
it	O
used	O
to	O
torment	O
Democrats	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


This	O
change	O
comes	O
less	O
from	O
a	O
shift	O
in	O
public	O
opinion	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
n't	O
changed	O
much	O
on	O
abortion	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
,	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
boundaries	O
of	O
the	O
debate	O
.	O


New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
own	O
highest	O
court	O
remains	O
a	O
liberal	O
bulwark	O
against	O
major	O
restrictions	O
on	O
abortion	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
ruling	O
,	O
Webster	B-PERSON
vs.	O
Missouri	B-GPE
,	O
has	O
engaged	O
voters	O
across	O
the	O
nation	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
insulated	O
from	O
the	O
issue	O
.	O


Before	O
July	B-DATE
,	O
pro-choice	O
voters	O
could	O
safely	O
make	O
political	O
decisions	O
without	O
focusing	O
narrowly	O
on	O
abortion	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
further	O
restrictions	O
adds	O
a	O
new	O
dimension	O
,	O
bringing	O
an	O
upsurge	O
in	O
political	O
activity	O
by	O
abortion	O
-	O
rights	O
forces	O
.	O


A	O
recent	O
pro-choice	O
rally	O
in	O
Trenton	B-GPE
drew	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
major	O
reversal	O
,	O
Congress	B-ORG
is	O
defying	O
a	O
presidential	O
veto	O
and	O
demanding	O
that	O
Medicaid	B-ORG
abortions	O
be	O
permitted	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
rape	O
and	O
incest	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
Webster	B-PERSON
had	O
n't	O
happened	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
here	O
,	O
''	O
Linda	B-PERSON
Bowker	I-PERSON
tells	O
a	O
reporter	O
in	O
the	O
Trenton	B-GPE
office	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Women	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
We	O
could	O
have	O
shouted	O
from	O
the	O
rooftops	O
about	O
Courter	B-PERSON
...	O
and	O
no	O
one	O
would	O
have	O
heard	O
us	O
.	O
''	O


New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
is	O
a	O
proving	O
ground	O
for	O
this	O
aggressive	O
women	O
's	O
-	O
rights	O
movement	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
infusion	O
of	O
activists	O
can	O
bring	O
a	O
clash	O
of	O
cultures	O
.	O


In	O
Cherry	B-GPE
Hill	I-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Abortion	I-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
Action	I-ORG
League	I-ORG
,	O
whose	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
sign	O
up	O
50,000	B-CARDINAL
pro-choice	O
voters	O
,	O
targets	O
a	O
union	O
breakfast	O
to	O
build	O
labor	O
support	O
for	O
its	O
cause	O
.	O


The	O
league	O
organizers	O
seem	O
more	O
a	O
fit	O
with	O
a	O
convention	O
next	O
door	O
of	O
young	O
aerobics	O
instructors	O
in	O
leotards	O
than	O
the	O
beefy	O
union	O
leaders	O
;	O
``	O
I	O
wish	O
I	O
could	O
go	O
work	O
out	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
a	O
slim	O
activist	O
.	O


A	O
labor	O
chief	O
speaks	O
sardonically	O
of	O
having	O
to	O
``	O
man	O
and	O
woman	O
''	O
Election	B-DATE
Day	I-DATE
phones	O
.	O


No	O
age	O
group	O
is	O
more	O
sensitive	O
than	O
younger	O
voters	O
,	O
like	O
Ms.	O
Ehman	B-PERSON
.	O


A	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
fall	I-DATE
,	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
voters	O
under	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
favored	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
by	O
56	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
39	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Dukakis	I-PERSON
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
survey	O
then	O
by	O
Rutgers	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Eagleton	B-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
.	O


A	O
matching	O
Eagleton	B-ORG
-	O
Newark	O
Star	O
Ledger	O
poll	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
showed	O
a	O
complete	O
reversal	O
.	O


Voters	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
age	O
group	B-ORG
backed	O
Democrat	B-NORP
Florio	B-PERSON
55	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
29	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
Republican	B-NORP
Courter	B-PERSON
.	O


Abortion	O
alone	O
ca	O
n't	O
explain	O
this	O
shift	O
,	O
but	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
is	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
how	O
so	O
personal	O
an	O
issue	O
can	O
become	O
a	O
baseline	O
of	O
sorts	O
in	O
judging	O
a	O
candidate	O
.	O


By	O
a	O
2	B-CARDINAL
-	O
to	O
-	O
1	O
ratio	O
,	O
voters	O
appear	O
more	O
at	O
ease	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Florio	B-PERSON
's	O
stance	O
on	O
abortion	O
,	O
and	O
polls	O
indicate	O
his	O
lead	O
widens	O
when	O
the	O
candidates	O
are	O
specifically	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
issue	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
times	O
are	O
my	O
times	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Florio	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
Camden	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
congressman	O
still	O
carries	O
himself	O
with	O
a	O
trademark	O
``	O
I	O
-	O
'm	O
coming	O
-	O
down	O
-	O
your	O
-	O
throat	O
''	O
intensity	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
a	O
pause	O
in	O
Newark	B-GPE
's	O
Columbus	B-EVENT
Day	I-EVENT
parade	I-EVENT
recently	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
dancing	O
with	O
his	O
wife	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
avenue	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
old	O
Italian	B-NORP
-	O
American	O
ward	O
.	O


After	O
losing	O
by	O
fewer	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
1,800	I-CARDINAL
votes	O
in	O
the	O
1981	B-DATE
governor	O
's	O
race	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
prepared	O
himself	O
methodically	O
for	O
this	O
moment	O
,	O
including	O
deciding	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
he	O
could	O
no	O
longer	O
support	O
curbs	O
on	O
federal	O
funding	O
for	O
Medicaid	B-ORG
abortions	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
consistent	O
and	O
say	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
constitutionally	O
protected	O
right	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
asks	O
,	O
``	O
how	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
say	O
an	O
upscale	O
woman	O
who	O
can	O
drive	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
or	O
clinic	O
in	O
a	O
nice	O
car	O
has	O
a	O
constitutional	O
right	O
and	O
someone	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
great	O
shape	O
financially	O
does	O
not	O
?	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Courter	B-PERSON
,	O
by	O
comparison	O
,	O
seems	O
a	O
shadow	O
of	O
the	O
confident	O
hawk	O
who	O
defended	O
Oliver	B-PERSON
North	I-PERSON
before	O
national	O
cameras	O
at	O
Iran	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Contra	I-EVENT
hearings	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


Looking	O
back	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
he	O
erred	O
by	O
stating	O
his	O
``	O
personal	O
''	O
opposition	O
to	O
abortion	O
instead	O
of	O
assuring	O
voters	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
n't	O
impose	O
his	O
views	O
on	O
``	O
policy	O
''	O
as	O
governor	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
distinction	O
that	O
satisfies	O
neither	O
side	O
in	O
the	O
debate	O
.	O


``	O
He	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
himself	O
,	O
''	O
Kathy	B-PERSON
Stanwick	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Abortion	I-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
League	I-ORG
says	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Courter	B-PERSON
's	O
position	O
.	O


Even	O
abortion	O
opponents	O
,	O
however	O
angry	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Florio	B-PERSON
,	O
ca	O
n't	O
hide	O
their	O
frustration	O
with	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
's	O
ambivalence	O
.	O


``	O
He	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
lead	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Traynor	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
New	B-ORG
Jersey	I-ORG
Right	I-ORG
to	I-ORG
Life	I-ORG
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
by	O
stepping	O
outside	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
pro-choice	O
tradition	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Courter	B-PERSON
aggravates	O
fears	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
too	O
conservative	O
as	O
well	O
on	O
more	O
pressing	O
concerns	O
such	O
as	O
auto	O
insurance	O
rates	O
and	O
the	O
environment	O
.	O


He	O
hurt	O
himself	O
further	O
this	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
by	O
bringing	O
homosexual	O
issues	O
into	O
the	O
debate	O
;	O
and	O
by	O
wavering	O
on	O
this	O
issue	O
and	O
abortion	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
weakened	O
his	O
credibility	O
in	O
what	O
is	O
already	O
a	O
mean	O
-	O
spirited	O
campaign	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
.	O


Elected	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
in	O
1978	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
48	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Mr.	O
Courter	B-PERSON
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
generation	O
of	O
young	O
conservatives	O
who	O
were	O
once	O
very	O
much	O
in	O
the	O
lead	O
of	O
the	O
rightward	O
shift	O
under	O
Mr.	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
.	O


Like	O
many	O
of	O
his	O
colleagues	O
,	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
serve	O
in	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
1960s	I-DATE
yet	O
embraced	O
a	O
hawkish	O
defense	O
and	O
foreign	O
policy	O
--	O
even	O
voting	O
against	O
a	O
1984	B-DATE
resolution	O
critical	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
mining	O
of	O
Nicaraguan	B-NORP
harbors	O
.	O


Jack	B-PERSON
Kemp	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
writers	O
Irving	B-PERSON
Kristol	I-PERSON
and	O
George	B-PERSON
Gilder	I-PERSON
were	O
influences	O
,	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Courter	B-PERSON
's	O
own	O
conservative	O
credentials	O
proved	O
useful	O
to	O
the	O
current	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
GOP	B-ORG
governor	O
,	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
Kean	I-PERSON
,	O
in	O
the	O
1981	B-DATE
Republican	B-NORP
primary	O
here	O
.	O


The	O
same	O
partnership	O
is	O
now	O
crucial	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Courter	B-PERSON
's	O
fortunes	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
abortion	O
issue	O
is	O
only	O
a	O
reminder	O
of	O
the	O
gap	O
between	O
his	O
record	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
moderate	O
,	O
pro-choice	O
Gov.	O
Kean	B-PERSON
.	O


While	O
the	O
Warren	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
congressman	O
pursued	O
an	O
anti-government	O
,	O
anti-tax	O
agenda	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
Gov.	O
Kean	B-PERSON
was	O
approving	O
increased	O
income	O
and	O
sales	O
taxes	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
overseeing	O
a	O
near	O
doubling	O
in	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
Jersey	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
budget	O
in	O
his	B-DATE
eight	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
office	O
.	O


Kean	B-PERSON
forces	O
play	O
down	O
any	O
differences	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Courter	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
this	O
history	O
makes	O
it	O
harder	O
for	O
the	O
conservative	O
to	O
run	O
against	O
government	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Courter	B-PERSON
's	O
free	O
-	O
market	O
plan	O
to	O
bring	O
down	O
auto	O
insurance	O
rates	O
met	O
criticism	O
from	O
Gov.	O
Kean	B-PERSON
's	O
own	O
insurance	O
commissioner	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Courter	B-PERSON
is	O
further	O
hobbled	O
by	O
a	O
record	O
of	O
votes	O
opposed	O
to	O
government	O
regulation	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
consumers	O
.	O


Fluent	O
in	O
Spanish	B-LANGUAGE
from	O
his	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	O
the	B-ORG
Peace	I-ORG
Corps	I-ORG
,	O
Mr.	O
Courter	B-PERSON
actively	O
courts	O
minority	O
voters	O
but	O
seems	O
oddly	O
over	O
his	O
head	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
warm	O
and	O
polished	O
before	O
a	O
Puerto	O
Rican	O
Congress	O
in	O
Asbury	B-GPE
Park	I-GPE
.	O


Yet	O
minutes	B-TIME
after	O
promising	O
to	O
appoint	O
Hispanics	B-NORP
to	O
high	O
posts	O
in	O
state	O
government	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
unable	O
to	O
say	O
whether	O
he	O
has	O
ever	O
employed	O
any	O
in	O
his	O
congressional	O
office	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
we	O
do	O
now	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
did	O
.	O
''	O


Asked	O
the	O
same	O
question	O
after	O
his	O
appearance	O
,	O
Democrat	B-NORP
Florio	B-PERSON
identifies	O
a	O
staff	O
member	O
by	O
name	O
and	O
explains	O
her	O
whereabouts	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


When	O
he	O
is	O
presented	O
with	O
a	O
poster	O
celebrating	O
the	O
organization	O
's	O
20th	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
,	O
he	O
recognizes	O
a	O
photograph	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
founders	O
and	O
recalls	O
time	O
spent	O
together	O
in	O
Camden	B-GPE
.	O


Details	O
and	O
Camden	B-GPE
are	O
essential	O
Florio	B-PERSON
.	O


Elected	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
as	O
a	O
``	O
Watergate	B-EVENT
baby	O
''	O
in	O
1974	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
ran	O
for	O
governor	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	O
opinion	O
of	O
many	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
n't	O
stopped	O
running	O
since	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
he	O
declined	O
a	O
rematch	O
with	O
Gov.	O
Kean	B-PERSON
in	O
1985	B-DATE
.	O


His	O
base	O
in	O
South	B-LOC
Jersey	I-LOC
and	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
Energy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
helped	O
him	O
sustain	O
a	O
network	O
of	O
political	O
-	O
action	O
committees	O
to	O
preserve	O
his	O
edge	O
.	O


With	O
limited	O
budgets	O
for	O
television	O
in	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
priced	O
market	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Florio	B-PERSON
's	O
higher	O
recognition	O
than	O
his	O
rival	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
advantage	O
.	O


More	O
than	O
ever	O
,	O
his	O
pro-consumer	O
and	O
pro-environment	O
record	O
is	O
in	O
sync	O
with	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


Auto	O
insurance	O
rates	O
are	O
soaring	O
.	O


A	O
toxic	O
-	O
waste	O
-	O
dump	O
fire	O
destroyed	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
interstate	O
highway	O
this	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
Monmouth	B-GPE
,	O
an	O
important	O
swing	O
area	O
,	O
Republican	B-NORP
freeholders	O
now	O
run	O
on	O
a	O
slogan	O
promising	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
county	O
``	O
clean	O
and	O
green	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Florio	B-PERSON
savors	O
this	O
vindication	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
age	B-DATE
52	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
congressman	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
product	O
of	O
his	O
times	O
and	O
losses	O
.	O


He	O
speaks	O
for	O
the	O
death	O
penalty	O
as	O
if	O
reading	O
from	O
Exodus	B-WORK_OF_ART
21	I-WORK_OF_ART
;	O
to	O
increase	O
state	O
revenue	O
he	O
focuses	O
not	O
on	O
``	O
taxes	O
''	O
but	O
on	O
``	O
audits	O
''	O
to	O
cut	O
waste	O
.	O


Hard	O
-	O
hitting	O
consultants	O
match	O
ads	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Courter	B-PERSON
's	O
team	O
,	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Florio	B-PERSON
retools	O
himself	O
as	O
the	O
lean	O
,	O
mean	O
Democratic	B-NORP
fighting	O
machine	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
.	O


Appealing	O
to	O
a	O
young	O
audience	O
,	O
he	O
scraps	O
an	O
old	O
reference	O
to	O
Ozzie	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Harriet	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
instead	O
quotes	O
the	B-ORG
Grateful	I-ORG
Dead	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
lyric	O
chosen	O
--	O
``	O
long	B-TIME
strange	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
''	O
--	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
apt	O
footnote	O
to	O
television	O
spots	O
by	O
both	O
candidates	O
intended	O
to	O
portray	O
each	O
other	O
as	O
a	O
liar	O
.	O


The	O
Democratic	B-NORP
lawmaker	O
fits	O
a	O
pattern	O
of	O
younger	O
reformers	O
arising	O
out	O
of	O
old	O
machines	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
ties	O
to	O
Camden	B-GPE
remain	O
a	O
sore	O
point	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
county	O
's	O
past	O
corruption	O
.	O


His	O
campaign	O
hierarchy	O
is	O
chosen	O
from	O
elsewhere	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
,	O
and	O
faced	O
with	O
criticism	O
of	O
a	O
sweetheart	O
bank	O
investment	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
so	O
far	O
blunted	O
the	O
issue	O
by	O
donating	O
the	O
bulk	O
of	O
his	O
profits	O
to	O
his	O
alma	O
mater	O
,	O
Trenton	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
College	I-ORG
.	O


Mr.	O
Florio	B-PERSON
's	O
forcefulness	O
on	O
the	O
abortion	O
issue	O
after	O
the	O
Webster	B-PERSON
ruling	O
divides	O
some	O
of	O
his	O
old	O
constituency	O
.	O


Pasquale	B-PERSON
Pignatelli	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
unlikely	O
but	O
enthusiastic	O
pipe	O
major	O
in	O
an	O
Essex	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
Irish	B-NORP
bagpipe	O
band	O
,	O
speaks	O
sadly	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Florio	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
devout	O
Catholic	B-NORP
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Pignatelli	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
40	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
health	O
officer	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
support	O
him	O
because	O
of	O
abortion	O
.	O
''	O


Bill	B-PERSON
Wames	I-PERSON
Sr.	I-PERSON
,	O
72	B-DATE
,	O
is	O
Catholic	B-NORP
too	O
,	O
but	O
unfazed	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Florio	B-PERSON
's	O
stand	O
on	O
abortion	O
.	O


A	O
security	O
guard	O
at	O
a	O
cargo	O
terminal	O
,	O
he	O
wears	O
a	O
Sons	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Italy	I-ORG
jacket	O
and	O
cap	O
celebrating	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
US	I-WORK_OF_ART
1	I-WORK_OF_ART
Band	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


``	O
I	O
still	O
think	O
the	O
woman	O
has	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
her	O
body	O
as	O
she	O
pleases	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
you	O
want	O
more	O
opinions	O
ask	O
my	O
wife	O
.	O


She	O
has	O
lots	O
of	O
opinions	O
.	O


Electronic	O
theft	O
by	O
foreign	O
and	O
industrial	O
spies	O
and	O
disgruntled	O
employees	O
is	O
costing	O
U.S.	B-GPE
companies	O
billions	O
and	O
eroding	O
their	O
international	O
competitive	O
advantage	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
the	O
message	O
delivered	O
by	O
government	O
and	O
private	O
security	O
experts	O
at	O
an	O
all	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
conference	O
on	O
corporate	O
electronic	O
espionage	O
.	O


``	O
Hostile	O
and	O
even	O
friendly	O
nations	O
routinely	O
steal	O
information	O
from	O
U.S.	B-GPE
companies	O
and	O
share	O
it	O
with	O
their	O
own	O
companies	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Noel	B-PERSON
D.	I-PERSON
Matchett	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
staffer	O
at	O
the	O
federal	O
National	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
and	O
now	O
president	O
of	O
Information	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Silver	B-GPE
Spring	I-GPE
,	O
Md	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
``	O
may	O
well	O
be	O
''	O
that	O
theft	O
of	O
business	O
data	O
is	O
``	O
as	O
serious	O
a	O
strategic	O
threat	O
to	O
national	O
security	O
''	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
survival	O
of	O
victimized	O
U.S.	B-GPE
firms	O
,	O
said	O
Michelle	B-PERSON
Van	I-PERSON
Cleave	I-PERSON
,	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
assistant	O
director	O
for	O
National	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
conference	O
was	O
jointly	O
sponsored	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Armed	I-ORG
Forces	I-ORG
Communications	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Electronics	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
joint	O
industry	O
-	O
government	O
trade	O
group	O
.	O


Any	O
secret	O
can	O
be	O
pirated	O
,	O
the	O
experts	O
said	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
transmitted	O
over	O
the	O
air	O
.	O


Even	O
rank	O
amateurs	O
can	O
do	O
it	O
if	O
they	O
spend	O
a	B-MONEY
few	I-MONEY
thousand	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
for	O
a	O
commercially	O
available	O
microwave	O
receiver	O
with	O
amplifier	O
and	O
a	O
VCR	O
recorder	O
.	O


They	O
need	O
only	O
position	O
themselves	O
near	O
a	O
company	O
's	O
satellite	O
dish	O
and	O
wait	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
dozen	B-CARDINAL
competitors	O
stealing	O
your	O
secrets	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Matchett	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
adding	O
:	O
``	O
It	O
's	O
a	O
pretty	O
good	O
bet	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
get	O
caught	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
catch	O
an	O
electronic	O
thief	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
is	O
to	O
set	O
him	O
up	O
with	O
erroneous	O
information	O
.	O


Even	O
though	O
electronic	O
espionage	O
may	O
cost	O
U.S.	B-GPE
firms	O
billions	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
,	O
most	O
are	O
n't	O
yet	O
taking	O
precautions	O
,	O
the	O
experts	O
said	O
.	O


By	O
contrast	O
,	O
European	B-NORP
firms	O
will	O
spend	O
$	B-MONEY
150	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
on	O
electronic	O
security	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
spend	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
by	O
1992	B-DATE
.	O


Already	O
many	O
foreign	O
firms	O
,	O
especially	O
banks	O
,	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
cryptographers	O
,	O
conference	O
speakers	O
reported	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
encrypting	O
corporate	O
communications	O
is	O
only	O
a	O
partial	O
remedy	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
expert	O
,	O
whose	O
job	O
is	O
so	O
politically	O
sensitive	O
that	O
he	O
spoke	O
on	O
condition	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
named	O
or	O
quoted	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
expected	O
influx	O
of	O
East	B-NORP
European	I-NORP
refugees	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
will	O
greatly	O
increase	O
the	O
chances	O
of	O
computer	O
-	O
maintenance	O
workers	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
doubling	O
as	O
foreign	O
spies	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
technology	O
now	O
exists	O
for	O
stealing	O
corporate	O
secrets	O
after	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
``	O
erased	O
''	O
from	O
a	O
computer	O
's	O
memory	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
Oliver	B-PERSON
North	I-PERSON
of	O
Iran	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Contra	I-EVENT
notoriety	O
thought	O
he	O
had	O
erased	O
his	O
computer	O
but	O
that	O
the	O
information	O
was	O
later	O
retrieved	O
for	O
congressional	O
committees	O
to	O
read	O
.	O


No	O
personal	O
computer	O
,	O
not	O
even	O
the	O
one	O
on	O
a	O
chief	O
executive	O
's	O
desk	O
,	O
is	O
safe	O
,	O
this	O
speaker	O
noted	O
.	O


W.	B-PERSON
Mark	I-PERSON
Goode	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Micronyx	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Richardson	B-GPE
,	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
firm	O
that	O
makes	O
computer	O
-	O
security	O
products	O
,	O
provided	O
a	O
new	O
definition	O
for	O
Mikhail	B-PERSON
Gorbachev	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
campaign	O
for	O
greater	O
openness	O
,	O
known	O
commonly	O
as	O
glasnost	O
.	O


Under	O
Mr.	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
,	O
Mr.	O
Goode	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
are	O
openly	O
stealing	O
Western	O
corporate	O
communications	O
.	O


He	O
cited	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
Swiss	B-NORP
oil	O
trader	O
who	O
recently	O
put	O
out	O
bids	O
via	O
telex	O
for	O
an	O
oil	O
tanker	O
to	O
pick	O
up	O
a	O
cargo	O
of	O
crude	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


Among	O
the	O
responses	O
the	O
Swiss	B-NORP
trader	O
got	O
was	O
one	O
from	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
national	O
shipping	O
company	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
n't	O
been	O
invited	O
to	O
submit	O
a	O
bid	O
.	O


The	O
Soviets	B-NORP
'	O
eavesdropping	O
paid	O
off	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
got	O
the	O
contract	O
.	O


Millicom	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
to	O
receive	O
a	O
license	O
to	O
introduce	O
and	O
operate	O
a	O
cellular	O
mobile	O
telephone	O
system	O
in	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
market	O
during	O
the	O
start	O
-	O
up	O
is	O
estimated	O
at	O
25,000	B-CARDINAL
subscribers	O
.	O


A	O
spokeswoman	O
for	O
Millicom	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
telecommunications	O
company	O
,	O
said	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
contract	O
.	O


Cable	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Wireless	I-ORG
PLC	I-ORG
of	O
Britain	B-GPE
won	O
the	O
other	O
license	O
.	O


Millicom	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
would	O
build	O
and	O
operate	O
the	O
system	O
in	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
with	O
Comvik	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
AB	I-ORG
,	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Kinnevik	B-ORG
group	O
of	O
Sweden	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Arfeen	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
,	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
.	O


WASHINGTON	B-GPE
LIES	O
LOW	O
after	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
's	O
roller	O
-	O
coaster	O
ride	O
.	O


Lawmakers	O
,	O
haunted	O
by	O
charges	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
their	O
comments	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
1987	B-DATE
crash	O
,	O
generally	O
shy	O
away	O
from	O
calls	O
for	O
sweeping	O
new	O
legislation	O
.	O


But	O
a	O
House	B-ORG
Energy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
subcommittee	O
will	O
quiz	O
SEC	B-ORG
Chairman	O
Breeden	B-PERSON
Wednesday	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
Treasury	B-ORG
Secretary	O
Brady	B-PERSON
will	O
go	O
before	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
Banking	I-ORG
panel	O
Thursday	B-DATE
.	O


The	B-DATE
market	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
wild	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
may	O
speed	O
along	O
the	O
market	O
-	O
reform	O
legislation	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
pending	O
for	O
months	B-DATE
in	O
the	O
aftermath	O
of	O
the	O
1987	B-DATE
crash	O
.	O


It	O
may	O
also	O
expedite	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
's	O
modest	O
pending	O
changes	O
in	O
junk	O
-	O
bond	O
disclosure	O
rules	O
and	O
intensify	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
's	O
look	O
at	O
plans	O
for	O
giving	O
new	O
tax	O
breaks	O
on	O
dividends	O
and	O
raising	O
taxes	O
on	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
trades	O
by	O
pension	O
funds	O
.	O


Brady	B-PERSON
and	O
Breeden	B-PERSON
work	O
well	O
together	O
on	O
the	O
plunge	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
Treasury	B-ORG
secretary	O
opposed	O
Breeden	B-PERSON
's	O
nomination	O
to	O
the	O
SEC	B-ORG
post	O
.	O


BAKER	B-PERSON
FALTERS	O
in	O
the	O
Mideast	B-LOC
amid	O
Israeli	B-DATE
paralysis	O
and	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
politics	O
.	O


Despite	O
seeing	O
his	O
plan	O
for	O
Israeli	B-DATE
-	O
Palestinian	O
elections	O
wither	O
,	O
the	O
cautious	O
secretary	O
of	O
state	B-ORG
is	O
so	O
far	O
unwilling	O
to	O
cut	O
U.S.	B-GPE
economic	O
or	O
military	O
aid	O
to	O
force	O
Israeli	B-NORP
cooperation	O
.	O


Baker	B-PERSON
nonetheless	O
remains	O
furious	O
both	O
at	O
Shamir	B-PERSON
,	O
for	O
backing	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
elections	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
Shamir	B-PERSON
's	O
rival	O
,	O
Peres	B-PERSON
,	O
for	O
political	O
ineptitude	O
in	O
forcing	O
a	O
premature	O
cabinet	O
vote	O
on	O
Baker	B-PERSON
's	O
plan	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
some	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
fear	O
PLO	B-ORG
chief	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
is	O
getting	O
cold	O
feet	O
and	O
may	O
back	O
off	O
from	O
his	O
recent	O
moderation	O
and	O
renunciation	O
of	O
terrorism	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
under	O
intense	O
fire	O
from	O
other	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
groups	O
;	O
Syria	B-GPE
is	O
pushing	O
Ahmad	B-PERSON
Jibril	I-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
terrorist	O
band	O
is	O
blamed	O
for	O
the	O
Pan	B-ORG
Am	I-ORG
103	B-CARDINAL
bombing	O
,	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
.	O


DARMAN'S	B-PERSON
MANEUVERS	O
on	O
the	O
budget	O
and	O
capital	O
gains	O
hurt	O
him	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
.	O


Republicans	B-NORP
as	O
well	O
as	O
Democrats	B-NORP
were	O
angered	O
by	O
the	O
budget	O
director	O
's	O
rejection	O
of	O
Speaker	O
Foley	B-PERSON
's	O
effort	O
to	O
expedite	O
a	O
deficitcutting	O
measure	O
by	O
stripping	O
it	O
of	O
the	O
capital	O
-	O
gains	O
tax	O
cut	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
pet	O
Democratic	B-NORP
projects	O
.	O


Darman	B-PERSON
now	O
blames	O
the	O
clash	O
on	O
miscommunication	O
,	O
but	O
House	B-ORG
GOP	B-ORG
leader	O
Michel	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
carried	O
the	O
offer	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
observes	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
was	O
speaking	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
quite	O
loud	O
so	O
I	O
could	O
be	O
understood	O
.	O
''	O


Senate	B-ORG
GOP	B-ORG
leader	O
Dole	B-PERSON
ridicules	O
the	O
budget	O
chief	O
on	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
floor	O
.	O


Democratic	B-NORP
counterpart	O
Mitchell	B-PERSON
,	O
asked	O
to	O
interpret	O
Darman	B-PERSON
's	O
threat	O
to	O
make	O
permanent	O
the	O
across	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
board	O
Gramm	B-LAW
-	I-LAW
Rudman	I-LAW
cuts	O
that	O
took	O
effect	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
bother	O
to	O
interpret	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Darman	B-PERSON
suggests	O
such	O
tensions	O
will	O
dissipate	O
quickly	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
I	O
can	O
show	O
signs	O
of	O
maturity	O
,	O
almost	O
anybody	O
can	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
jokes	O
.	O


HHS	B-ORG
OFFICIALS	O
expect	O
Secretary	O
Sullivan	B-PERSON
to	O
continue	O
a	O
ban	O
on	O
research	O
using	O
fetal	O
tissue	O
.	O


Before	O
he	O
was	O
confirmed	O
,	O
Sullivan	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
had	O
``	O
reservations	O
about	O
any	O
blanket	O
prohibitions	O
on	O
medical	O
research	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
now	O
,	O
an	O
official	O
says	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
``	O
surrounded	O
by	O
right	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
lifers	O
,	O
''	O
who	O
contend	O
that	O
any	O
breakthroughs	O
in	O
fetal	O
-	O
tissue	O
research	O
could	O
increase	O
the	O
demand	O
for	O
abortions	O
.	O


COOPERATION	O
WANES	O
on	O
weapons	O
development	O
between	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


Britain	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
and	O
Italy	B-GPE
pull	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
proposal	O
to	O
build	O
new	O
NATO	B-ORG
frigates	O
;	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
have	O
each	O
withdrawn	O
from	O
missile	O
projects	O
.	O


Defense	O
experts	O
say	O
joint	O
projects	O
are	O
increasingly	O
squeezed	O
by	O
budget	O
pressures	O
and	O
the	O
desire	O
to	O
save	O
domestic	O
jobs	O
;	O
some	O
also	O
fear	O
rising	O
protectionism	O
as	O
European	B-NORP
unity	O
nears	O
.	O


BOTH	O
SIDES	O
NOW	O
:	O


Virginia	B-GPE
GOP	B-ORG
lieutenant	O
governor	O
candidate	O
Eddy	B-PERSON
Dalton	I-PERSON
tries	O
to	O
have	O
it	O
both	O
ways	O
on	O
the	O
abortion	O
issue	O
.	O


Though	O
she	O
opposes	O
abortion	O
in	O
almost	O
all	O
cases	O
,	O
she	O
airs	O
a	O
TV	O
commercial	O
using	O
pro-choice	O
buzzwords	O
.	O


``	O
A	O
woman	O
ought	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
choice	O
in	O
cases	O
where	O
her	O
life	O
or	O
health	O
are	O
in	O
danger	O
and	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
rape	O
or	O
incest	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
proclaims	O
.	O


HOT	O
TOPIC	O
:	O


Interest	O
in	O
the	O
abortion	O
issue	O
is	O
so	O
great	O
that	O
the	O
Hotline	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
daily	B-DATE
,	O
computer	O
-	O
distributed	O
political	O
newsletter	O
,	O
comes	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
spinoff	O
product	O
called	O
the	B-ORG
Abortion	I-ORG
Report	I-ORG
dealing	O
solely	O
with	O
its	O
political	O
implications	O
.	O


CONSERVATIVES	O
EXPECT	O
Bush	B-PERSON
to	O
solidify	O
their	O
majority	O
on	O
a	O
key	O
court	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
has	O
three	B-CARDINAL
vacancies	O
to	O
fill	O
on	O
the	O
prestigious	O
D.C.	B-ORG
Circuit	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
handles	O
many	O
important	O
regulatory	O
issues	O
and	O
is	O
often	O
considered	O
a	O
warm	O
-	O
up	O
for	O
future	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
nominees	O
.	O


Conservatives	O
now	O
hold	O
only	O
a	O
5	B-CARDINAL
-	O
4	O
edge	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
slot	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
EEOC	B-ORG
Chairman	O
Clarence	B-PERSON
Thomas	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
black	O
conservative	O
;	O
after	O
mulling	O
a	O
fight	O
,	O
liberals	O
now	O
probably	O
wo	O
n't	O
put	O
up	O
a	O
major	O
struggle	O
against	O
him	O
.	O


Other	O
conservatives	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
administration	O
's	O
short	O
list	O
include	O
Washington	B-GPE
lawyer	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Uhlmann	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
passed	O
over	O
for	O
the	O
No.	O
2	B-CARDINAL
job	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Marshall	B-PERSON
Breger	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
a	O
U.S.	B-GPE
agency	O
on	O
administration	O
.	O


The	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
would	O
also	O
like	O
to	O
nominate	O
a	O
woman	O
;	O
one	B-CARDINAL
possibility	O
is	O
former	O
Justice	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
official	O
Victoria	B-PERSON
Toensing	I-PERSON
.	O


MINOR	O
MEMOS	O
:	O


In	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
the	O
failed	O
Panama	B-GPE
coup	O
,	O
a	O
bumper	O
sticker	O
appears	O
:	O
``	O
Ollie	O
Would	O
Have	O
Got	O
Him	O
.	O
''	O
...	O


Rep.	O
Garcia	B-PERSON
,	O
on	O
trial	O
for	O
bribery	O
and	O
extortion	O
,	O
puts	O
statements	O
in	O
the	O
Congressional	O
Record	O
attributing	O
missed	O
votes	O
to	O
``	O
scheduling	O
conflicts	O
.	O
''	O
...	O


A	O
GOP	B-ORG
Senate	B-ORG
fund	O
-	O
raising	O
letter	O
from	O
Sen.	O
Burns	B-PERSON
of	O
Montana	B-GPE
is	O
made	O
to	O
appear	O
personally	O
written	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
opening	O
line	O
is	O
,	O
``	O
Please	O
excuse	O
my	O
handwriting	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Burns	B-PERSON
confesses	O
in	O
an	O
interview	O
:	O
``	O
That	O
's	O
not	O
my	O
handwriting	O
.	O


Tuesday	B-DATE
's	O
rout	O
of	O
a	O
GOP	B-ORG
congressional	O
hopeful	O
in	O
a	O
Mississippi	B-GPE
district	O
that	O
has	O
n't	O
backed	O
a	O
Democratic	B-NORP
presidential	O
candidate	O
since	O
Adlai	B-PERSON
Stevenson	I-PERSON
is	O
another	O
reminder	O
that	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
at	O
the	O
federal	O
level	O
,	O
political	O
``	O
ticket	O
splitting	O
''	O
has	O
been	O
on	O
the	O
rise	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
only	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
presidential	B-DATE
election	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
prior	O
to	O
1948	B-DATE
did	O
more	O
than	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
congressional	O
districts	O
choose	O
a	O
different	O
party	O
's	O
candidate	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
than	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Representatives	I-ORG
.	O


Now	O
that	O
percentage	O
routinely	O
equals	O
a	B-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
and	O
twice	O
has	O
been	O
above	O
40	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


As	O
we	O
know	O
,	O
voters	O
tend	O
to	O
favor	O
Republicans	B-NORP
more	O
in	O
races	O
for	O
president	O
than	O
in	O
those	O
for	O
Congress	B-ORG
.	O


In	O
every	O
presidential	O
election	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
Goldwater	B-PERSON
presidential	O
candidacy	O
,	O
the	O
GOP	B-ORG
has	O
captured	O
a	O
greater	O
percentage	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
-	O
party	O
popular	O
vote	O
for	O
president	O
than	O
it	O
has	O
of	O
congressional	O
seats	O
or	O
the	O
popular	O
vote	O
for	O
Congress	B-ORG
.	O


Prior	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
1932	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
pattern	O
was	O
nearly	O
the	O
opposite	O
.	O


What	O
accounts	O
for	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
recent	B-DATE
decades	I-DATE
?	O


A	O
simple	O
economic	O
theory	O
may	O
provide	O
at	O
least	O
a	O
partial	O
explanation	O
for	O
the	O
split	O
personality	O
displayed	O
by	O
Americans	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
voting	O
booth	O
.	O


The	O
theory	O
relies	O
on	O
three	B-CARDINAL
assumptions	O
:	O


1	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
Voters	O
can	O
``	O
buy	O
''	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
brands	O
when	O
they	O
select	O
their	O
political	O
agents	O
--	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
brand	O
that	O
believes	O
in	O
the	O
minimalist	O
state	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
virtues	O
of	O
private	O
markets	O
over	O
the	O
vices	O
of	O
public	O
action	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
Democratic	B-NORP
brand	O
that	O
believes	O
in	O
big	O
government	O
and	O
in	O
public	O
intervention	O
to	O
remedy	O
the	O
excesses	O
attendant	O
to	O
the	O
pursuit	O
of	O
private	O
interest	O
.	O


2	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
Congressional	B-ORG
representatives	O
have	O
two	B-CARDINAL
basic	O
responsibilities	O
while	O
voting	O
in	O
office	O
--	O
dealing	O
with	O
national	O
issues	O
-LRB-	O
programmatic	O
actions	O
such	O
as	O
casting	O
roll	O
call	O
votes	O
on	O
legislation	O
that	O
imposes	O
costs	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
confers	O
benefits	O
on	O
the	O
population	O
at	O
large	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
attending	O
to	O
local	O
issues	O
-LRB-	O
constituency	O
service	O
and	O
pork	O
barrel	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


3	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
Republican	B-NORP
congressional	O
representatives	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
belief	O
in	O
a	O
minimalist	O
state	O
,	O
are	O
less	O
willing	O
to	O
engage	O
in	O
local	O
benefit	O
-	O
seeking	O
than	O
are	O
Democratic	B-NORP
members	O
of	O
Congress	B-ORG
.	O


If	O
these	O
assumptions	O
hold	O
,	O
voters	O
in	O
races	O
for	O
Congress	B-ORG
face	O
what	O
in	O
economic	O
theory	O
is	O
called	O
a	O
prisoner	O
's	O
dilemma	O
and	O
have	O
an	O
incentive	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
margin	O
,	O
to	O
lean	O
Democratic	B-NORP
.	O


If	O
they	O
put	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
into	O
office	O
,	O
not	O
only	O
will	O
they	O
acquire	O
less	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
local	O
benefits	O
but	O
their	O
selected	O
legislator	O
will	O
be	O
relatively	O
powerless	O
to	O
prevent	O
other	O
legislators	O
from	O
``	O
bringing	O
home	O
the	O
bacon	O
''	O
to	O
their	O
respective	O
constituencies	O
.	O


Each	O
legislator	O
,	O
after	O
all	O
,	O
is	O
only	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
535	B-CARDINAL
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
national	O
policy	O
making	O
.	O


In	O
races	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
voter	O
's	O
incentive	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
margin	O
,	O
is	O
to	O
lean	O
Republican	B-NORP
.	O


Although	O
a	O
GOP	B-ORG
president	O
may	O
limit	O
local	O
benefits	O
to	O
the	O
voter	O
's	O
particular	O
district	O
/	O
state	O
,	O
such	O
a	O
president	O
is	O
also	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
effective	O
at	O
preventing	O
other	O
districts	O
/	O
states	O
and	O
their	O
legislators	O
from	O
bringing	O
home	O
the	O
local	O
benefits	O
.	O


The	O
individual	O
voter	O
's	O
standing	O
consequently	O
will	O
be	O
enhanced	O
through	O
lower	O
taxes	O
.	O


While	O
this	O
theory	O
is	O
exceedingly	O
simple	O
,	O
it	O
appears	O
to	O
explain	O
several	O
things	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
why	O
ticket	O
splitting	O
has	O
increased	O
and	O
taken	O
the	O
peculiar	O
pattern	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
:	O
Prior	O
to	O
the	O
election	O
of	O
Franklin	B-PERSON
Roosevelt	I-PERSON
as	O
president	O
and	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
the	O
New	O
Deal	O
,	O
government	O
occupied	O
a	O
much	O
smaller	O
role	O
in	O
society	O
and	O
the	O
prisoner	O
's	O
dilemma	O
problem	O
confronting	O
voters	O
in	O
races	O
for	O
Congress	B-ORG
was	O
considerably	O
less	O
severe	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
it	O
explains	O
why	O
voters	O
hold	O
Congress	B-ORG
in	O
disdain	O
but	O
generally	O
love	O
their	O
own	O
congressional	O
representatives	O
:	O
Any	O
individual	O
legislator	O
's	O
constituents	O
appreciate	O
the	O
specific	O
benefits	O
that	O
the	O
legislator	O
wins	O
for	O
them	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
overall	O
cost	O
associated	O
with	O
every	O
other	O
legislator	O
doing	O
likewise	O
for	O
his	O
own	O
constituency	O
.	O


Third	B-ORDINAL
,	O
the	O
theory	O
suggests	O
why	O
legislators	O
who	O
pay	O
too	O
much	O
attention	O
to	O
national	O
policy	O
making	O
relative	O
to	O
local	O
benefit	O
-	O
seeking	O
have	O
lower	O
security	O
in	O
office	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
term	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
,	O
once	O
the	O
most	O
vulnerable	O
of	O
incumbents	O
,	O
have	O
become	O
virtually	O
immune	O
to	O
defeat	O
.	O


The	O
one	B-CARDINAL
exception	O
to	O
this	O
recent	O
trend	O
was	O
the	O
defeat	O
of	O
13	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
52	B-CARDINAL
freshman	O
Republicans	B-NORP
brought	O
into	O
office	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
by	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
revolution	O
and	O
running	O
for	O
re-election	O
in	O
1982	B-DATE
.	O


Because	O
these	O
freshmen	O
placed	O
far	O
more	O
emphasis	O
on	O
their	O
partisan	O
role	O
--	O
spreading	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
revolution	O
--	O
in	O
national	O
policy	O
making	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
more	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
defeat	O
.	O


Fourth	B-ORDINAL
,	O
the	O
theory	O
indicates	O
why	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
may	O
have	O
a	O
difficult	O
time	O
attracting	O
viable	O
candidates	O
for	O
congressional	O
office	O
.	O


Potential	O
candidates	O
may	O
be	O
discouraged	O
from	O
running	O
less	O
by	O
the	O
congressional	O
salary	O
than	O
by	O
the	O
prospect	O
of	O
defeat	O
at	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
a	O
Democratic	B-NORP
opponent	O
.	O


To	O
the	O
extent	O
that	O
potential	O
Republican	B-NORP
candidates	O
and	O
their	O
financial	O
backers	O
realize	O
that	O
the	O
congressional	O
prisoner	O
's	O
dilemma	O
game	O
works	O
to	O
their	O
disadvantage	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
will	O
be	O
hindered	O
in	O
its	O
attempts	O
to	O
field	O
a	O
competitive	O
slate	O
of	O
congressional	O
candidates	O
.	O


Fifth	B-ORDINAL
,	O
the	O
theory	O
may	O
provide	O
at	O
least	O
a	O
partial	O
reason	O
for	O
why	O
ticket	O
splitting	O
has	O
been	O
particularly	O
pronounced	O
in	O
the	O
South	B-LOC
.	O


To	O
the	O
extent	O
that	O
Democratic	B-NORP
legislators	O
from	O
the	O
South	B-LOC
have	O
held	O
a	O
disproportionate	O
share	O
of	O
power	O
in	O
Congress	B-ORG
since	O
1932	B-DATE
and	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
translate	O
such	O
clout	O
into	O
relatively	O
more	O
local	O
benefits	O
for	O
their	O
respective	O
constituencies	O
,	O
voters	O
in	O
the	O
South	B-LOC
have	O
had	O
an	O
especially	O
strong	O
incentive	O
to	O
keep	O
such	O
Democrats	B-NORP
in	O
office	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
the	O
theory	O
suggests	O
why	O
Republicans	B-NORP
generally	O
have	O
fared	O
better	O
in	O
Senate	B-ORG
races	O
than	O
in	O
campaigns	O
for	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
.	O


Since	O
local	O
benefit	O
-	O
seeking	O
matters	O
more	O
and	O
national	O
policy	O
making	O
matters	O
less	O
in	O
the	O
lower	O
chamber	O
of	O
Congress	B-ORG
,	O
this	O
is	O
precisely	O
the	O
pattern	O
one	O
would	O
expect	O
if	O
Republicans	B-NORP
are	O
less	O
willing	O
to	O
engage	O
in	O
local	O
benefit	O
-	O
seeking	O
than	O
their	O
Democratic	B-NORP
counterparts	O
.	O


Is	O
there	O
any	O
empirical	O
support	O
for	O
this	O
theory	O
?	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
pieces	O
of	O
evidence	O
corroborate	O
the	O
key	O
assumption	O
that	O
Democratic	B-NORP
legislators	O
are	O
more	O
willing	O
to	O
engage	O
in	O
local	O
benefit	O
-	O
seeking	O
than	O
their	O
Republican	B-NORP
colleagues	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
economists	O
James	B-PERSON
Bennett	I-PERSON
and	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
DiLorenzo	I-PERSON
find	O
that	O
GOP	B-ORG
senators	O
turn	O
back	O
roughly	B-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
more	O
of	O
their	O
allocated	O
personal	O
staff	O
budgets	O
than	O
Democrats	B-NORP
do	O
.	O


To	O
the	O
extent	O
that	O
the	O
primary	O
duty	O
of	O
personal	O
staff	O
involves	O
local	O
benefit	O
-	O
seeking	O
,	O
this	O
indicates	O
that	O
political	O
philosophy	O
leads	O
congressional	O
Republicans	B-NORP
to	O
pay	O
less	O
attention	O
to	O
narrow	O
constituent	O
concerns	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
if	O
the	O
key	O
assumption	O
is	O
valid	O
,	O
Democrats	B-NORP
should	O
have	O
lower	O
attendance	O
rates	O
on	O
roll	O
-	O
call	O
votes	O
than	O
Republicans	B-NORP
do	O
to	O
the	O
extent	O
that	O
such	O
votes	O
reflect	O
national	O
policy	O
making	O
and	O
that	O
participating	O
in	O
such	O
votes	O
takes	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
time	O
a	O
legislator	O
could	O
otherwise	O
devote	O
to	O
local	O
benefit	O
-	O
seeking	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
indeed	O
what	O
the	O
data	O
indicate	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
Democratic	B-NORP
House	B-ORG
attendance	O
rate	O
has	O
not	O
exceeded	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
House	B-ORG
attendance	O
rate	O
since	O
1959	B-DATE
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
as	O
shown	O
in	O
the	O
table	O
,	O
Democrats	B-NORP
allocate	O
a	O
higher	O
proportion	O
of	O
their	O
personal	O
staffs	O
to	O
district	O
offices	O
--	O
where	O
local	O
benefit	O
-	O
seeking	O
duties	O
matter	O
more	O
and	O
national	O
policy	O
making	O
activities	O
matter	O
less	O
relative	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
offices	O
.	O


An	O
examination	O
of	O
changes	O
in	O
personal	O
staffing	O
decisions	O
in	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
between	B-DATE
1986	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
1987	I-DATE
-LRB-	O
when	O
control	O
of	O
that	O
body	O
changed	O
party	O
hands	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
moreover	O
,	O
reveals	O
that	O
the	O
personal	O
staffing	O
differences	O
noted	O
in	O
the	O
table	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
attributed	O
to	O
the	O
disproportionate	O
control	O
Democrats	B-NORP
exercise	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
majority	O
-	O
party	O
status	O
,	O
over	O
other	O
resources	O
such	O
as	O
committee	O
staff	O
.	O


An	O
additional	O
piece	O
of	O
evidence	O
from	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
:	O
Holding	O
other	O
factors	O
constant	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
incumbency	O
advantages	O
and	O
regional	O
factors	O
,	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
popular	O
votes	O
for	O
Republican	B-NORP
presidential	O
and	O
senatorial	O
candidates	O
in	O
states	O
conducting	O
a	O
Senate	B-ORG
election	O
turns	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
positive	O
function	O
of	O
how	O
onerous	O
the	O
federal	O
government	O
's	O
tax	O
burden	O
is	O
per	O
state	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
progressive	O
tax	O
rate	O
hits	O
higher	O
-	O
income	O
states	O
harder	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Put	O
more	O
simply	O
,	O
GOP	B-ORG
candidates	O
for	O
president	O
are	O
looked	O
on	O
more	O
kindly	O
by	O
voters	O
than	O
Republican	B-NORP
candidates	O
for	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
when	O
the	O
prisoner	O
's	O
dilemma	O
is	O
more	O
severe	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
ticket	O
splitting	O
appears	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
same	O
peculiar	O
pattern	O
at	O
the	O
state	O
government	O
level	O
as	O
it	O
does	O
at	O
the	O
federal	O
level	O
.	O


State	O
government	O
is	O
more	O
typically	O
split	O
along	O
Republican	B-NORP
-	O
governor	O
/	O
Democratic	O
-	O
legislature	O
lines	O
than	O
the	O
reverse	O
.	O


A	O
cross-state	O
econometric	O
investigation	O
,	O
furthermore	O
,	O
reveals	O
that	O
,	O
holding	O
other	O
factors	O
constant	O
,	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
a	O
state	O
's	O
major	O
-	O
party	O
vote	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
gubernatorial	O
candidate	O
and	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
share	O
of	O
the	O
lower	O
state	O
house	O
is	O
a	O
positive	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
tax	O
rate	O
.	O


In	O
sum	O
,	O
at	O
both	O
the	O
federal	O
and	O
state	O
government	O
levels	O
at	O
least	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
seemingly	O
irrational	O
behavior	O
voters	O
display	O
in	O
the	O
voting	O
booth	O
may	O
have	O
an	O
exceedingly	O
rational	O
explanation	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Zupan	B-PERSON
teaches	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Southern	I-ORG
California	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
business	O
school	O
.	O


The	O
scene	O
opens	O
with	O
pinstripe	O
-	O
suited	O
executives	O
--	O
Easterners	B-NORP
,	O
obviously	O
--	O
glued	O
to	O
cellular	O
phones	O
and	O
hightailing	O
it	O
out	O
of	O
town	O
in	O
chauffeur	O
-	O
driven	O
limousines	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
carpetbaggers	O
,	O
''	O
snorts	O
the	O
narrator	O
with	O
a	O
Texas	B-GPE
twang	O
,	O
``	O
have	O
packed	O
their	O
bags	O
and	O
went	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
,	O
he	O
continues	O
,	O
``	O
They	O
're	O
forgetting	O
we	O
're	O
all	O
Texans	B-NORP
.	O


The	B-GPE
Lone	I-GPE
Star	I-GPE
is	O
on	O
the	O
rise	O
again	O
.	O
''	O


As	O
the	O
music	O
swells	O
,	O
viewers	O
discover	O
they	O
're	O
watching	O
a	O
commercial	O
for	O
Lone	B-PRODUCT
Star	I-PRODUCT
Beer	I-PRODUCT
,	O
the	O
pride	O
of	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
product	O
of	O
G.	B-ORG
Heileman	I-ORG
Brewing	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
La	B-GPE
Crosse	I-GPE
,	O
Wis.	B-GPE
,	O
unit	O
of	O
Bond	B-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


As	O
the	O
ad	O
's	O
tone	O
implies	O
,	O
the	O
Texas	B-GPE
spirit	O
is	O
pretty	O
xenophobic	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
Lone	B-PRODUCT
Star	I-PRODUCT
is	O
n't	O
alone	O
in	O
trying	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


From	O
Chevy	B-ORG
trucks	O
to	O
Lipton	B-ORG
iced	O
tea	O
to	O
a	O
host	O
of	O
battling	O
banks	O
,	O
the	O
state	O
has	O
been	O
inundated	O
with	O
broadcast	O
commercials	O
and	O
print	O
advertising	O
campaigns	O
celebrating	O
Texans	B-NORP
and	O
castigating	O
outsiders	O
.	O


While	O
advertisers	O
have	O
long	O
appealed	O
to	O
Texans	B-NORP
'	O
state	O
pride	O
and	O
prejudices	O
,	O
the	O
latest	O
trend	O
has	O
been	O
sparked	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
recent	O
hard	O
economic	O
times	O
.	O


That	O
has	O
taken	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
swagger	O
out	O
of	O
natives	O
who	O
like	O
to	O
brag	O
that	O
Texas	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
only	O
state	O
that	O
was	O
once	O
a	O
nation	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
increased	O
their	O
legendary	O
resentment	O
of	O
outsiders	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
writes	O
Houston	B-ORG
Chronicle	I-ORG
columnist	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Barlow	I-PERSON
,	O
outlanders	O
were	O
accepted	O
only	O
after	O
passing	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
tests	O
to	O
prove	O
they	O
had	O
the	O
``	O
right	O
''	O
Texas	B-GPE
attitudes	O
and	O
``	O
of	O
course	O
they	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
dipped	O
for	O
parasites	O
.	O
''	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
small	O
irony	O
in	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
-	O
jingoistic	O
advertising	O
comes	O
courtesy	O
of	O
--	O
you	O
guessed	O
it	O
--	O
outsiders	O
.	O


Lone	B-PRODUCT
Star	I-PRODUCT
's	I-PRODUCT
Bond	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
parent	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
hails	O
from	O
Perth	B-GPE
,	O
Australia	B-GPE
.	O


North	B-NORP
Carolinians	I-NORP
,	O
New	B-NORP
Yorkers	I-NORP
,	O
Californians	B-NORP
,	O
Chicagoans	B-NORP
and	O
Ohioans	B-NORP
own	O
Texas	B-GPE
banks	O
.	O


All	O
kinds	O
of	O
landmark	O
Texas	B-GPE
real	O
estate	O
has	O
been	O
snapped	O
up	O
by	O
out	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
staters	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
beloved	O
Dallas	B-GPE
Cowboys	B-ORG
were	O
bought	O
by	O
an	O
Arkansas	B-GPE
oil	O
man	O
.	O


``	O
Texas	B-GPE
has	O
lost	O
its	O
distinctiveness	O
,	O
leaving	O
Texans	B-NORP
with	O
a	O
hunger	O
to	O
feel	O
proud	O
about	O
themselves	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Stephen	B-PERSON
Klineberg	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
sociology	O
professor	O
at	O
Rice	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
Houston	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
This	O
plays	O
right	O
into	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
the	O
advertising	O
agencies	O
.	O
''	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
iced	O
-	O
tea	O
radio	O
campaign	O
for	O
Thomas	B-ORG
J.	I-ORG
Lipton	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
Englewood	B-GPE
Cliffs	I-GPE
,	O
N.J.	B-GPE
,	O
unit	O
of	O
Anglo	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Dutch	I-ORG
Unilever	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
emphatically	O
proclaims	O
:	O
``	O
Real	O
Texans	B-NORP
do	O
not	O
wear	O
dock	O
-	O
siders	O
--	O
ever	O
.	O


Real	O
Texans	B-NORP
do	O
n't	O
play	O
paddleball	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
I	O
hope	O
not	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
football	O
country	O
.	O


And	O
another	O
thing	O
--	O
real	O
Texans	B-NORP
drink	O
Lipton	B-ORG
iced	O
tea	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
developing	O
that	O
theme	O
at	O
Interpublic	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Cos	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
'	O
Lintas	B-ORG
:	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
unit	O
,	O
account	O
supervisor	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
Buksbaum	I-PERSON
says	O
she	O
made	O
a	O
``	O
couple	O
of	O
phone	O
calls	O
''	O
to	O
Dallas	B-GPE
ad	O
friends	O
and	O
reported	O
her	O
``	O
findings	O
''	O
to	O
a	O
team	O
of	O
writers	O
.	O


Her	O
findings	O
?	O


``	O
You	O
know	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
stereotypical	O
stuff	O
like	O
armadillos	O
,	O
cowboys	O
and	O
football	O
.	O
''	O


Not	O
exactly	O
sophisticated	O
market	O
research	O
,	O
but	O
who	O
cares	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
campaigns	O
work	O
.	O


And	O
ad	O
agencies	O
insist	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


Stan	B-PERSON
Richards	I-PERSON
of	O
Richards	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Dallas	B-GPE
,	O
tells	O
of	O
the	O
Texan	B-NORP
who	O
saw	O
the	O
agency	O
's	O
tear	O
-	O
jerking	O
commercial	O
for	O
First	B-ORG
Gibraltar	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
F.S.B.	I-ORG
--	O
complete	O
with	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
anthem	O
--	O
and	O
promptly	O
invested	O
$	O
100,000	B-MONEY
in	O
the	O
thrift	O
's	O
CDs	O
.	O


Never	O
mind	O
that	O
First	B-ORG
Gibraltar	I-ORG
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
failed	O
Texas	B-GPE
thrifts	O
taken	O
over	O
by	O
outsiders	O
--	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
an	O
investor	O
group	O
headed	O
by	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
financier	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Perelman	I-PERSON
.	O


The	B-ORG
North	I-ORG
Texas	I-ORG
Chevy	I-ORG
Dealers	I-ORG
recently	O
had	O
a	B-DATE
record	I-DATE
sales	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
debut	O
of	O
ad	O
campaign	O
that	O
thumbs	O
its	O
nose	O
at	O
elite	O
Easterners	B-NORP
.	O


And	O
deposits	O
at	O
NCNB	B-ORG
Texas	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
NCNB	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
Charlotte	B-GPE
,	O
N.C.	B-GPE
,	O
have	O
increased	O
$	B-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
since	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
after	O
heavy	O
advertising	O
stressing	O
commitment	O
to	O
Texas	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
Obviously	O
,	O
pride	O
sells	O
in	O
Texas	B-GPE
,	O
''	O
says	O
a	O
spokeswoman	O
for	O
Bozell	B-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Omaha	B-GPE
,	O
Neb.	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
represents	O


The	O
ad	O
campaigns	O
usually	O
follow	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
tracks	O
--	O
stressing	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
`	O
Texasness	B-NORP
,	O
'	O
pointing	O
out	O
the	O
competition	O
's	O
lack	O
thereof	O
,	O
or	O
trying	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
Texan	B-NORP
than	O
Texans	B-NORP
.	O


Ford	B-ORG
trucks	O
may	O
outsell	O
Chevy	B-ORG
trucks	O
in	O
places	O
like	O
``	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
and	O
Long	B-GPE
Island	I-GPE
,	O
''	O
sniffs	O
a	O
commercial	O
for	O
Chevrolet	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
division	O
of	O
General	B-ORG
Motors	I-ORG
Corp	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
commercial	O
,	O
created	O
by	O
Bateman	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Bryan	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Galles	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
of	O
Dallas	B-GPE
,	O
adds	O
derisively	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
bet	O
it	O
takes	O
a	O
real	O
tough	O
truck	O
to	O
haul	O
your	O
Ivy	O
League	O
buddies	O
to	O
the	O
yacht	O
club	O
.	O
''	O


Because	O
they	O
want	O
a	O
truck	O
that	O
is	O
``	O
Texas	B-GPE
tough	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
commercial	O
concludes	O
,	O
``	O
Texans	B-NORP
drive	O
Chevy	B-ORG
.	O
''	O


J.C.	B-ORG
Penney	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
relocated	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
to	O
suburban	O
Dallas	B-GPE
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
gently	O
wraps	O
itself	O
in	O
Texas	B-GPE
pride	O
through	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
page	O
magazine	O
ad	O
:	O
``	O
Taking	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
view	O
to	O
conserve	O
what	O
is	O
of	O
value	O
to	O
future	O
generations	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Lone	B-GPE
Star	I-GPE
lifestyle	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
ad	O
reads	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
part	O
of	O
our	O
style	O
,	O
too	O
.	O
''	O


According	O
to	O
several	O
ad	O
-	O
agency	O
sources	O
,	O
newcomers	O
to	O
the	O
Texas	B-GPE
banking	O
market	O
are	O
spending	O
a	O
combined	O
$	B-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
woo	O
Texans	B-NORP
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
surviving	O
Texas	B-GPE
banking	O
institutions	O
are	O
busily	O
pitching	O
themselves	O
as	O
the	O
only	O
lenders	O
who	O
truly	O
care	O
about	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
-	O
strident	O
anti-outsider	O
sentiment	O
among	O
bankers	O
comes	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Independent	I-ORG
Bankers	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Texas	I-ORG
,	O
although	O
it	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
tell	O
from	O
previews	O
of	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
I	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Texas	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
TV	O
campaign	O
.	O


Commercials	O
will	O
highlight	O
heart	O
-	O
rending	O
scenes	O
of	O
Texas	B-GPE
and	O
chest	O
-	O
swelling	O
,	O
ai	O
n't	O
-	O
it	O
-	O
great	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
be	O
-	O
a	O
-	O
Texan	B-NORP
music	O
.	O


Supporting	O
banks	O
will	O
sign	O
a	B-WORK_OF_ART
``	I-WORK_OF_ART
Texas	I-WORK_OF_ART
Declaration	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Independents	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


But	O
in	O
introductory	O
material	O
for	O
the	O
campaign	O
,	O
the	O
trade	O
group	O
urges	O
members	O
to	O
``	O
arm	O
''	O
for	O
a	O
``	O
revolution	O
''	O
against	O
big	O
,	O
out	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
state	O
bank	O
-	O
holding	O
companies	O
.	O


A	O
video	O
sent	O
to	O
association	O
members	O
,	O
featuring	O
shots	O
of	O
the	O
Alamo	B-FAC
,	O
cowboys	O
,	O
fajitas	O
and	O
a	O
statue	O
of	O
Sam	B-PERSON
Houston	I-PERSON
,	O
does	O
n't	O
mince	O
words	O
.	O


``	O
Texans	B-NORP
can	O
sniff	O
a	O
phony	O
a	B-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
away	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
narrator	O
warns	O
outsiders	O
.	O


``	O
So	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
come	O
and	O
try	O
to	O
con	O
us	O
with	O
a	O
howdy	O
y'all	O
or	O
a	O
cowboy	O
hat	O
.	O
''	O


Young	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Rubicam	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Pact	O


Young	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Rubicam	I-ORG
,	O
fighting	O
charges	O
that	O
it	O
bribed	O
Jamaican	B-NORP
officials	O
to	O
win	O
the	O
Jamaica	B-ORG
Tourist	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
ad	O
account	O
in	O
1981	B-DATE
,	O
said	O
it	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
create	O
the	O
tourist	O
board	O
's	O
advertising	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
statement	O
,	O
Alex	B-PERSON
Kroll	I-PERSON
,	O
Young	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Rubicam	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
chairman	O
,	O
said	O
``	O
under	O
the	O
present	O
circumstances	O
-LCB-	O
we	O
-RCB-	O
have	O
agreed	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
prudent	O
to	O
discontinue	O
that	O
contract	O
.	O
''	O


Young	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Rubicam	I-ORG
has	O
pleaded	O
innocent	O
to	O
the	O
charges	O
.	O


The	O
board	O
would	O
n't	O
comment	O
on	O
its	O
impending	O
search	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
ad	O
agency	O
to	O
handle	O
its	O
estimated	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
6	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
account	O
.	O


Ad	O
Notes	O
...	O
.	O


NEW	O
ACCOUNT	O
:	O


Sunshine	B-ORG
Biscuits	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
Woodbridge	B-GPE
,	O
N.J.	B-GPE
,	O
awarded	O
its	O
estimated	O
$	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
account	O
to	O
Waring	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
LaRosa	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
account	O
had	O
been	O
at	O
Della	B-ORG
Femina	I-ORG
McNamee	I-ORG
WCRS	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


MEDIA	O
POLICY	O
:	O


MacNamara	B-ORG
Clapp	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Klein	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
small	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
shop	O
,	O
is	O
asking	O
magazine	O
ad	O
representatives	O
to	O
tell	O
it	O
when	O
major	O
advertising	O
inserts	O
will	O
run	O
in	O
their	O
publications	O
.	O


It	O
says	O
it	O
may	O
pull	O
its	O
clients	O
'	O
ads	O
from	O
those	O
magazines	O
.	O


COKE	B-ORG
ADS	O
:	O


Coca	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Cola	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
produced	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
its	O
1971	B-DATE
``	O
I	B-WORK_OF_ART
'd	I-WORK_OF_ART
like	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
teach	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
world	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
sing	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
commercial	O
.	O


The	O
ad	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
Classic	B-PRODUCT
Coke	I-PRODUCT
's	I-PRODUCT
1990	B-DATE
ad	O
campaign	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
tag	O
line	O
,	O
``	O
Ca	B-WORK_OF_ART
n't	I-WORK_OF_ART
beat	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Real	I-WORK_OF_ART
Thing	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Basketball	O
star	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Jordan	I-PERSON
and	O
singer	O
Randy	B-PERSON
Travis	I-PERSON
have	O
also	O
agreed	O
to	O
appear	O
in	O
ads	O
.	O


AFTERSHOCKS	O
RATTLED	O
Northern	B-LOC
California	I-LOC
amid	O
an	O
earthquake	O
cleanup	O
.	O


As	O
power	O
and	O
commuters	O
returned	O
to	O
much	O
of	O
downtown	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
since	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
's	O
temblor	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
area	I-LOC
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
strong	O
aftershocks	O
,	O
one	O
measuring	O
5.0	B-CARDINAL
on	O
the	O
Richter	O
scale	O
,	O
jolted	O
the	O
region	O
.	O


Serious	O
injuries	O
or	O
damages	O
were	O
n't	O
reported	O
.	O


Californians	B-NORP
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
tried	O
to	O
cope	O
with	O
still	O
-	O
limited	O
services	O
,	O
blocked	O
roadways	O
and	O
water	O
shortages	O
in	O
the	O
aftermath	O
of	O
the	O
tremor	O
that	O
left	O
scores	O
dead	O
and	O
injured	O
.	O


Thousands	B-CARDINAL
remained	O
homeless	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
is	O
to	O
visit	O
the	O
area	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
officials	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
estimated	O
that	O
emergency	O
assistance	O
would	O
total	O
at	B-MONEY
least	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
.	O


A	O
series	O
of	O
earthquakes	O
struck	O
northern	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
killing	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
29	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
injuring	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
and	O
razing	O
about	O
8,000	B-CARDINAL
homes	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Xinhua	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
Senate	B-ORG
rejected	O
a	O
constitutional	O
amendment	O
sought	O
by	O
Bush	B-PERSON
to	O
prohibit	O
desecration	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
flag	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
proposal	O
won	O
a	O
slight	O
majority	O
,	O
the	O
51	B-CARDINAL
-	O
48	O
vote	O
was	O
well	O
short	O
of	O
the	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
needed	O
to	O
approve	O
changes	O
in	O
the	B-LAW
Constitution	I-LAW
.	O


It	O
was	O
considered	O
a	O
victory	O
for	O
Democratic	B-NORP
leaders	O
,	O
who	O
favor	O
a	O
law	O
barring	O
flag	O
burning	O
.	O


The	O
House	B-ORG
approved	O
an	O
$	B-MONEY
837	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
aid	O
package	O
for	O
Poland	B-GPE
and	O
Hungary	B-GPE
,	O
nearly	O
double	O
what	O
Bush	B-PERSON
had	O
requested	O
.	O


The	O
vote	O
of	O
345	B-CARDINAL
-	O
47	O
sent	O
the	O
measure	O
to	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
.	O


Britain	B-GPE
's	O
chief	O
justice	O
quashed	O
the	O
murder	O
convictions	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
people	O
for	O
Irish	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
bombings	O
that	O
killed	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
1974	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
reversal	O
came	O
after	O
the	O
government	O
conceded	O
that	O
investigators	O
may	O
have	O
faked	O
evidence	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
``	I-PERSON
Guildford	I-PERSON
Four	I-PERSON
,	O
''	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Irishmen	B-NORP
and	O
an	O
Englishwoman	B-NORP
,	O
have	O
been	O
imprisoned	O
since	O
1975	B-DATE
.	O


The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Nobel	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
literature	O
was	O
won	O
by	O
Camilo	B-PERSON
Jose	I-PERSON
Cela	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Spanish	B-NORP
writer	O
.	O


His	O
1942	B-DATE
novel	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Family	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Pascual	I-WORK_OF_ART
Duarte	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
is	O
considered	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
work	O
of	O
fiction	O
in	O
Spanish	B-NORP
since	O
Cervantes	B-PERSON
's	O
``	O
Don	B-WORK_OF_ART
Quixote	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
was	O
published	O
400	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Swedish	I-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
in	O
Stockholm	B-GPE
cited	O
the	O
73	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Cela	B-PERSON
for	O
``	O
rich	O
and	O
intensive	O
prose	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
editor	O
of	O
Pravda	B-ORG
was	O
dismissed	O
and	O
succeeded	O
by	O
a	O
confidant	O
of	O
Soviet	B-NORP
leader	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
action	O
at	O
the	O
Communist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
daily	B-DATE
,	O
viewed	O
as	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
most	O
authoritative	O
newspaper	O
,	O
was	O
considered	O
the	O
most	O
significant	O
development	O
in	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
of	O
Kremlin	B-ORG
wrangling	O
over	O
the	O
press	O
,	O
including	O
sharp	O
criticism	O
from	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
.	O


East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
new	O
leader	O
met	O
with	O
Lutheran	B-ORG
Church	I-ORG
officials	O
to	O
discuss	O
a	O
growing	O
opposition	O
movement	O
demanding	O
democratic	O
freedoms	O
.	O


As	O
they	O
conferred	O
near	O
East	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
,	O
a	O
pro-democracy	O
protest	O
erupted	O
in	O
the	O
Baltic	B-NORP
city	O
of	O
Greifswald	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
activists	O
threatened	O
further	O
rallies	O
against	O
leader	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
's	O
expected	O
hard	O
-	O
line	O
policies	O
.	O


Police	O
in	O
Prague	B-GPE
raided	O
an	O
international	O
meeting	O
on	O
human	O
rights	O
,	O
detaining	O
Czechoslovakia	B-GPE
's	O
former	O
foreign	O
minister	O
,	O
Jiri	B-PERSON
Hajak	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
14	B-CARDINAL
other	O
activists	O
.	O


A	O
leading	O
U.S.	B-GPE
human	O
-	O
rights	O
monitor	O
also	O
was	O
briefly	O
held	O
.	O


Dissident	O
playwright	O
Vaclav	B-PERSON
Havel	I-PERSON
reportedly	O
escaped	O
the	O
crackdown	O
,	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
against	O
activists	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
met	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
with	O
Spain	B-GPE
's	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Gonzalez	B-PERSON
and	O
discussed	O
what	O
the	O
president	O
called	O
``	O
the	O
unique	O
role	O
''	O
that	O
Madrid	B-GPE
can	O
play	O
in	O
furthering	O
democracy	O
in	O
Eastern	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
and	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
.	O


Gonzalez	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
pledged	O
to	O
help	O
monitor	O
voting	O
in	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
,	O
was	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
carrying	O
proposals	O
for	O
free	O
elections	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Galileo	B-PRODUCT
spacecraft	O
sped	O
unerringly	O
toward	O
the	O
planet	O
Jupiter	B-PERSON
,	O
while	O
five	B-CARDINAL
astronauts	O
aboard	O
the	O
space	O
shuttle	O
Atlantis	B-PRODUCT
measured	O
the	O
Earth	B-LOC
's	O
ozone	O
layer	O
.	O


The	O
robot	O
probe	O
was	O
dispatched	O
Wednesday	B-DATE
by	O
the	O
shuttle	O
crew	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
to	O
conduct	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
medical	O
and	O
other	O
experiments	O
before	O
their	O
scheduled	O
landing	O
Monday	B-DATE
in	O
California	B-GPE
.	O


Argentina	B-GPE
and	O
Britain	B-GPE
agreed	O
to	O
resume	O
diplomatic	O
and	O
economic	O
relations	O
,	O
seven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
nations	O
battled	O
over	O
the	B-GPE
Falkland	I-GPE
Islands	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
announcement	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
they	O
said	O
hostilities	O
had	O
ceased	O
,	O
followed	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
meeting	O
in	O
Madrid	B-GPE
.	O


Rebel	O
artillerists	O
bombarded	O
the	O
capital	O
of	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
,	O
killing	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
12	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
as	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
was	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
airlifting	O
arms	O
and	O
food	O
to	O
Kabul	B-GPE
's	O
forces	O
.	O


Fighting	O
also	O
was	O
reported	O
around	O
the	O
strategic	O
town	O
of	O
Khost	B-GPE
,	O
near	O
the	O
Pakistani	B-NORP
border	O
.	O


Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
foreign	O
minister	O
met	O
in	O
Damascus	B-GPE
with	O
President	O
Assad	B-PERSON
to	O
develop	O
a	O
plan	O
for	O
the	O
withdrawal	O
of	O
Syria	B-GPE
's	O
40,000	B-CARDINAL
troops	O
from	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
settlement	O
of	O
that	O
nation	O
's	O
14	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
civil	O
war	O
.	O


The	O
talks	O
came	O
as	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
negotiations	O
on	O
political	O
changes	O
appeared	O
deadlocked	O
.	O


GOP	B-ORG
Sen.	O
Specter	B-PERSON
of	O
Pennsylvania	B-GPE
said	O
he	O
would	O
vote	O
to	O
acquit	O
federal	O
Judge	O
Alcee	B-PERSON
Hastings	I-PERSON
in	O
his	O
impeachment	O
trial	O
on	O
charges	O
of	O
perjury	O
and	O
bribery	O
conspiracy	O
.	O


Specter	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
vice	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
's	O
evidence	O
panel	O
,	O
said	O
there	O
was	O
``	O
insufficient	O
evidence	O
to	O
convict	O
''	O
the	O
Miami	B-GPE
jurist	O
.	O


Outside	O
the	O
white	O
-	O
walled	O
headquarters	O
of	O
the	O
socalled	O
Society	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Orange	I-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
,	O
all	O
seems	O
normal	O
in	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
abnormal	O
society	O
.	O


A	O
pickup	O
truck	O
driven	O
by	O
a	O
white	O
farmer	O
rumbles	O
past	O
with	O
a	O
load	O
of	O
black	O
workers	O
bouncing	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
.	O


Over	O
at	O
Conradies	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
general	O
store	O
,	O
a	O
black	O
stock	O
boy	O
scurries	O
to	O
help	O
an	O
elderly	O
white	O
woman	O
with	O
her	O
packages	O
.	O


Down	O
the	O
street	O
,	O
a	O
car	O
pulls	O
into	O
the	O
Shell	B-ORG
station	O
and	O
is	O
surrounded	O
by	O
black	O
attendants	O
.	O


But	O
inside	O
the	O
white	O
walls	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Orange	I-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
office	O
--	O
just	O
about	O
the	O
largest	O
building	O
in	O
town	O
,	O
save	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Dutch	I-ORG
Reformed	I-ORG
Church	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
school	O
--	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
neat	O
racial	O
order	O
is	O
awry	O
.	O


A	B-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
white	O
office	O
workers	O
fold	O
newsletters	O
and	O
stuff	O
them	O
into	O
envelopes	O
.	O


White	O
women	O
serve	O
tea	O
and	O
coffee	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
wash	O
the	O
cups	O
and	O
saucers	O
afterwards	O
.	O


White	O
children	O
empty	O
the	O
wastepaper	O
baskets	O
and	O
squeegee	O
the	O
windows	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
black	O
worker	O
in	O
sight	O
.	O


Not	O
in	O
the	O
kitchen	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
storeroom	O
or	O
the	O
book	O
shop	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
have	O
our	O
own	O
nation	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
must	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
do	O
all	O
the	O
work	O
ourselves	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Hendrik	B-PERSON
Verwoerd	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
,	O
son	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
prime	O
minister	O
and	O
the	O
leader	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Orange	I-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
,	O
founded	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
.	O


They	O
do	O
indeed	O
want	O
their	O
own	O
nation	O
.	O


The	O
pillars	O
of	O
apartheid	O
may	O
be	O
trembling	O
in	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
,	O
with	O
Johannesburg	B-GPE
opening	O
its	O
public	O
facilities	O
to	O
all	O
races	O
,	O
blacks	O
storming	O
the	O
all	O
-	O
white	O
beaches	O
of	O
the	O
Cape	B-LOC
and	O
the	O
government	O
releasing	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
banned	O
African	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
here	O
in	O
Morgenzon	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
sleepy	O
town	O
amid	O
the	O
corn	O
fields	O
of	O
the	O
eastern	O
Transvaal	B-LOC
,	O
the	B-ORG
Orange	I-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
are	O
holding	O
the	O
pillars	O
steady	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Orange	I-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
--	O
who	O
take	O
their	O
name	O
from	O
William	B-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
Orange	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
hero	O
of	O
the	O
Dutch	B-NORP
-	O
descended	O
Afrikaners	B-NORP
--	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
solution	O
to	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
racial	O
problems	O
is	O
n't	O
the	O
abolition	O
of	O
apartheid	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
perfection	O
of	O
apartheid	O
--	O
complete	O
and	O
total	O
separation	O
of	O
the	O
races	O
.	O


Here	O
,	O
then	O
,	O
is	O
where	O
the	B-ORG
Orange	I-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
have	O
come	O
to	O
make	O
apartheid	O
's	O
last	O
stand	O
.	O


Their	O
idea	O
is	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
city	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
and	O
then	O
an	O
entire	O
nation	O
--	O
without	O
blacks	O
.	O


This	O
may	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
preposterous	O
and	O
utterly	O
futile	O
effort	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
.	O


And	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
only	B-CARDINAL
3,000	I-CARDINAL
card	O
-	O
carrying	O
Orange	B-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
may	O
put	O
them	O
on	O
the	O
loony	O
fringe	O
.	O


But	O
their	O
ideal	O
of	O
an	O
Afrikaner	B-NORP
homeland	O
,	O
an	O
all	O
-	O
white	O
reserve	O
to	O
be	O
carved	O
out	O
of	O
present	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
,	O
is	O
a	O
mainstream	O
desire	O
of	O
the	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
,	O
which	O
embraces	O
about	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
five	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
whites	O
.	O


Afrikaner	B-NORP
philosophers	O
and	O
theologians	O
have	O
long	O
ruminated	O
on	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
white	O
homeland	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Orange	I-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
are	O
just	O
putting	O
this	O
preaching	O
into	O
practice	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
farmer	O
Johan	B-PERSON
Fischer	I-PERSON
,	O
his	O
T	O
-	O
shirt	O
and	O
jeans	O
covered	O
in	O
grease	O
,	O
crawls	O
around	O
under	O
his	O
planter	O
,	O
tightening	O
bolts	O
and	O
fixing	O
dents	O
.	O


On	O
almost	O
every	O
other	O
farm	O
in	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
,	O
black	O
workers	O
do	O
the	O
repairs	O
.	O


But	O
not	O
here	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Fischer	B-PERSON
plows	O
his	O
own	O
fields	O
,	O
sows	O
his	O
own	O
corn	O
and	O
sunflowers	O
,	O
and	O
feeds	O
his	O
own	O
sheep	O
.	O


Over	O
at	O
the	O
fiberglass	O
factory	O
,	O
four	B-CARDINAL
white	O
workers	O
assemble	O
water	O
tanks	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
their	O
spare	O
time	O
they	O
build	O
townhouses	O
across	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


On	O
Main	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
,	O
Alida	B-PERSON
Verwoerd	I-PERSON
and	O
her	O
daughters	O
look	O
after	O
the	O
clothes	O
and	O
fabric	O
shop	O
,	O
then	O
hurry	O
home	O
to	O
fix	O
lunch	O
for	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
family	O
.	O


Down	O
by	O
the	O
stream	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
Orange	B-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
puts	O
the	O
finishing	O
touches	O
on	O
a	O
golf	O
course	O
.	O


If	O
whites	O
want	O
to	O
play	O
there	O
by	O
themselves	O
,	O
says	O
consulting	O
engineer	O
Willem	B-PERSON
van	I-PERSON
Heerden	I-PERSON
,	O
whites	O
should	O
also	O
build	O
it	O
by	O
themselves	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
survive	O
as	O
a	O
people	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
change	O
our	O
way	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


The	O
Afrikaner	B-NORP
must	O
end	O
his	O
reliance	O
on	O
others	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
their	O
quest	O
to	O
perfect	O
apartheid	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Orange	I-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
have	O
discovered	O
a	O
truth	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
privileged	O
white	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
tries	O
mightily	O
to	O
deny	O
:	O
The	O
master	O
ca	O
n't	O
become	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
slave	O
and	O
expect	O
to	O
remain	O
master	O
forever	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
apartheid	O
means	O
you	O
want	O
cheap	O
black	O
labor	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
comforts	O
that	O
go	O
with	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
also	O
want	O
to	O
exclude	O
the	O
blacks	O
from	O
social	O
and	O
political	O
integration	O
,	O
then	O
these	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
contradictions	O
that	O
ca	O
n't	O
go	O
on	O
forever	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Verwoerd	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
is	O
sitting	O
in	O
his	O
living	O
room	O
,	O
beneath	O
a	O
huge	O
portrait	O
of	O
his	O
late	O
father	O
,	O
Hendrik	B-PERSON
F.	I-PERSON
Verwoerd	I-PERSON
,	O
apartheid	O
's	O
architect	O
and	O
South	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
prime	O
minister	O
from	O
1958	B-DATE
to	O
1966	B-DATE
.	O


Somewhere	O
,	O
the	O
son	O
sighs	O
,	O
things	O
went	O
terribly	O
wrong	O
with	O
apartheid	O
;	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
whites	O
even	O
rely	O
on	O
blacks	O
to	O
police	O
their	O
separation	O
.	O


``	O
People	O
took	O
separate	O
development	O
as	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
use	O
black	O
labor	O
without	O
ever	O
getting	O
rid	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
my	O
father	O
meant	O
it	O
to	O
mean	O
real	O
separation	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
the	O
son	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Orange	I-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
speak	O
sincerely	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
agree	O
with	O
world	O
opinion	O
that	O
the	O
status	O
quo	O
in	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
is	O
morally	O
wrong	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Pieter	B-PERSON
Bruwer	I-PERSON
,	O
the	B-ORG
Orange	I-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
chief	O
scribe	O
and	O
pamphleteer	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
must	O
either	O
integrate	O
honestly	O
or	O
segregate	O
honestly	O
.	O
''	O


Morgenzon	B-GPE
has	O
long	O
been	O
a	O
special	O
domain	O
of	O
Afrikanerdom	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Verwoerd	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
early	O
Afrikaner	B-NORP
pioneers	O
were	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
people	O
to	O
settle	O
in	O
the	O
eastern	O
Transvaal	B-LOC
,	O
even	O
before	O
the	O
blacks	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
when	O
Morgenzon	B-GPE
was	O
incorporated	O
in	O
1908	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
farmer	O
who	O
owned	O
the	O
land	O
stipulated	O
that	O
only	O
whites	O
could	O
reside	O
in	O
town	O
;	O
blacks	O
could	O
work	O
there	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
had	O
to	O
leave	O
at	O
night	B-TIME
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
Morgenzon	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
town	O
of	O
800	B-CARDINAL
whites	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
paved	O
roads	O
.	O


Weeds	O
push	O
up	O
through	O
the	O
cracks	O
in	O
the	O
sidewalks	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
houses	O
and	O
storefronts	O
are	O
empty	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
few	O
factories	O
and	O
no	O
mines	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
an	O
ideal	O
place	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Orange	I-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
to	O
start	O
their	O
new	O
nation	O
,	O
unencumbered	O
by	O
the	O
demographics	O
that	O
have	O
undermined	O
apartheid	O
elsewhere	O
in	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
about	B-CARDINAL
150	I-CARDINAL
Orange	B-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
have	O
moved	O
here	O
,	O
spending	O
nearly	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
buying	O
up	O
property	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Still	O
,	O
complete	O
and	O
total	O
segregation	O
remains	O
elusive	O
.	O


Just	O
beyond	O
the	O
city	O
limits	O
is	O
a	O
shantytown	O
of	O
2,000	B-CARDINAL
blacks	O
who	O
are	O
employed	O
throughout	O
the	O
area	O
.	O


Despite	O
the	B-ORG
Orange	I-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
intention	O
to	O
put	O
them	O
all	O
out	O
of	O
work	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
in	O
no	O
hurry	O
to	O
leave	O
.	O


A	O
young	O
man	O
called	O
July	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
that	O
's	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
born	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
who	O
works	O
at	O
the	O
railroad	O
station	O
just	O
up	O
the	O
street	O
from	O
the	O
Orange	B-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
office	O
,	O
points	O
at	O
the	O
whitewalled	O
building	O
and	O
says	O
matter	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
factly	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
're	O
not	O
allowed	O
in	O
there	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
all	O
I	O
know	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
650	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
or	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
so	I-CARDINAL
local	O
whites	O
who	O
are	O
n't	O
Orange	B-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
are	O
more	O
troubled	O
.	O


Try	O
as	O
they	O
might	O
,	O
they	O
just	O
ca	O
n't	O
conceive	O
of	O
life	O
without	O
black	O
workers	O
.	O


``	O
Impossible	O
,	O
impossible	O
,	O
''	O
say	O
the	O
Conradies	B-PERSON
,	O
an	O
elderly	O
couple	O
who	O
have	O
run	O
the	O
general	O
store	O
for	O
decades	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
We	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
without	O
their	O
help	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mrs.	O
Conradie	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
Oh	O
no	O
.	O


We	O
need	O
them	O
and	O
I	O
thank	O
God	O
for	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


Over	O
at	O
the	O
Shell	B-ORG
station	O
,	O
owner	O
Rudi	B-PERSON
van	I-PERSON
Dyk	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
doubles	O
as	O
Morgenzon	B-GPE
's	O
mayor	O
,	O
worries	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Orange	I-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
have	O
made	O
his	O
town	O
the	O
laughingstock	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O


``	O
What	O
they	O
want	O
us	O
to	O
do	O
just	O
is	O
n't	O
practical	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
noting	O
that	O
he	O
employs	O
16	B-CARDINAL
blacks	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
afford	O
to	O
hire	O
16	B-CARDINAL
whites	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
Afrikaners	B-NORP
who	O
would	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
work	O
for	O
this	O
salary	O
would	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
handle	O
money	O
.	O
''	O


Back	O
at	O
the	O
Verwoerd	B-PERSON
house	O
,	O
Hendrik	B-PERSON
Sr.	I-PERSON
peers	O
down	O
over	O
the	O
shoulder	O
of	O
Hendrik	B-PERSON
Jr	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
son	O
believes	O
that	O
when	O
the	O
Afrikaners	B-NORP
finally	O
realize	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
turning	O
back	O
the	O
integration	O
of	O
South	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
society	O
and	O
politics	O
,	O
Morgenzon	B-GPE
will	O
boom	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
urge	O
our	O
people	O
not	O
to	O
wait	O
until	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
fight	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
nation	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Verwoerd	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
By	O
populating	O
a	O
place	O
now	O
,	O
we	O
make	O
ourselves	O
a	O
power	O
any	O
new	O
government	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
.	O
''	O


Curiously	O
,	O
he	O
compares	O
the	B-ORG
Orange	I-ORG
Workers	I-ORG
to	O
the	O
ANC	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
his	O
father	O
outlawed	O
in	O
1960	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
The	O
ANC	B-ORG
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
stopped	O
until	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
provision	O
for	O
black	O
aspirations	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Verwoerd	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
Likewise	O
,	O
no	O
government	O
will	O
stop	O
this	O
idea	O
of	O
the	O
Afrikaners	B-NORP
.	O
''	O


He	O
apologizes	O
for	O
sounding	O
pushy	O
.	O


``	O
Look	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
wants	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
integrated	O
melting	O
pot	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
their	O
choice	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
leave	O
them	O
alone	O
.	O


We	O
just	O
want	O
to	O
have	O
our	O
own	O
cup	O
of	O
tea	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
they	O
will	O
even	O
serve	O
it	O
themselves	O
.	O


FARMERS	O
REAP	O
abundant	O
crops	O
.	O


But	O
how	O
much	O
will	O
shoppers	O
benefit	O
?	O


The	O
harvest	O
arrives	O
in	O
plenty	O
after	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
drought	O
-	O
ravaged	O
effort	O
:	O
The	O
government	O
estimates	O
corn	O
output	O
at	O
7.45	B-QUANTITY
billion	I-QUANTITY
bushels	I-QUANTITY
,	O
up	O
51	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
last	B-DATE
fall	I-DATE
.	O


Soybean	O
production	O
swells	O
24	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
prices	O
paid	O
to	O
farmers	O
for	O
the	O
commodities	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
products	O
as	O
diverse	O
as	O
bubble	O
gum	O
and	O
chicken	O
feed	O
,	O
plummet	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
33	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
expect	O
too	O
much	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
price	O
breaks	O
soon	O
at	O
the	O
supermarket	O
.	O


Economists	O
expect	O
consumer	O
food	O
prices	O
to	O
jump	O
5.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
the	O
highest	O
level	O
since	O
1980	B-DATE
and	O
up	O
from	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
4.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
rise	O
.	O


Next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
may	O
see	O
a	O
drop	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
percentage	O
point	O
.	O


Beef	O
prices	O
,	O
hovering	O
near	O
records	O
since	O
the	O
drought	O
,	O
could	O
drop	O
in	O
earnest	O
this	B-DATE
winter	I-DATE
if	O
ranchers	O
expand	O
herds	O
.	O


Lower	O
feed	O
prices	O
may	O
help	O
animals	O
eat	O
more	O
cheaply	O
,	O
but	O
humans	O
have	O
to	O
factor	O
in	O
an	O
expensive	O
middleman	O
:	O
the	O
processor	O
.	O


Food	O
companies	O
probably	O
wo	O
n't	O
cut	O
their	O
prices	O
much	O
,	O
blaming	O
other	O
costs	O
.	O


``	O
Labor	B-ORG
takes	O
the	O
biggest	O
single	O
chunk	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
`	O
food	O
dollar	O
,	O
'	O
''	O
says	O
Frank	B-PERSON
Pankyo	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Food	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
.	O


Stokely	O
says	O
stores	O
revive	O
specials	O
like	O
three	B-CARDINAL
cans	O
of	O
peas	O
for	O
99	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
cans	O
cost	O
89	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
during	O
the	O
drought	O
.	O


IF	O
IN	O
VITRO	O
fertilization	O
works	O
,	O
it	O
usually	O
does	O
so	O
after	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
tries	O
.	O


Costly	O
infertility	O
problems	O
and	O
procedures	O
proliferate	O
as	O
aging	O
baby	O
boomers	O
and	O
others	O
decide	O
to	O
have	O
children	O
--	O
now	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
estimated	O
that	O
one	B-CARDINAL
in	O
six	B-CARDINAL
couples	O
experiences	O
infertility	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
Americans	B-NORP
spent	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
to	O
fight	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


Only	B-CARDINAL
about	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
states	O
now	O
offer	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
insurance	O
coverage	O
,	O
but	O
more	O
are	O
expected	O
.	O


A	O
letter	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
England	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Medicine	I-ORG
notes	O
that	O
while	O
technology	O
offers	O
``	O
almost	O
endless	O
hope	O
...	O
when	O
to	O
stop	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
difficult	O
question	O
...	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
authors	O
,	O
from	O
Boston	B-GPE
's	O
Beth	B-ORG
Israel	I-ORG
Hospital	I-ORG
,	O
say	O
that	O
84	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
50	B-CARDINAL
births	O
they	O
followed	O
occurred	O
after	O
only	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
in	O
vitro	O
cycles	O
.	O


It	O
adds	O
that	O
births	O
were	O
``	O
extremely	O
unlikely	O
''	O
after	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
cycle	O
and	O
concludes	O
couples	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
achieve	O
a	O
pregnancy	O
after	O
four	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
six	I-CARDINAL
procedures	O
should	O
be	O
advised	O
that	O
success	O
is	O
unlikely	O
.	O


Some	O
couples	O
continue	O
to	O
try	O
.	O


``	O
Such	O
determination	O
may	O
translate	O
into	O
extreme	O
physical	O
,	O
emotional	O
and	O
financial	O
costs	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
letter	O
warns	O
.	O


MARKET	O
MOVES	O
,	O
these	O
managers	O
do	O
n't	O
.	O


Only	B-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
25	B-CARDINAL
corporate	O
pension	O
fund	O
managers	O
attending	O
a	O
Lowry	B-ORG
Consulting	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
client	O
conference	O
say	O
they	O
plan	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
asset	O
allocation	O
mix	O
in	O
their	O
portfolios	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
drop	O
.	O


WORLD	O
ODDITIES	O
come	O
alive	O
in	O
a	O
multimedia	O
version	O
of	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Guinness	I-WORK_OF_ART
Book	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Records	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


The	O
$	O
99	B-MONEY
CD	O
-	O
ROM	O
disk	O
-LRB-	O
it	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
played	O
on	O
an	O
Apple	B-ORG
Macintosh	B-PRODUCT
computer	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
-RRB-	O
combines	O
animation	O
,	O
music	O
and	O
sound	O
.	O


Among	O
the	O
Guinness	B-WORK_OF_ART
disk	O
's	O
wonders	O
:	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
loudest	O
recorded	O
belch	O
.	O


ARTY	O
FAX	O
from	O
David	B-PERSON
Hockney	I-PERSON
begins	O
a	O
tongue	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
cheek	O
exhibit	O
today	O
at	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Andre	B-FAC
Emmerich	I-FAC
Gallery	I-FAC
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
artist	O
's	O
earliest	O
Fax	O
works	O
was	O
``	O
Little	B-WORK_OF_ART
Stanley	I-WORK_OF_ART
Sleeping	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
a	O
portrait	O
of	O
his	O
dog	O
.	O


PACS	O
GIVE	O
and	O
receive	O
in	O
a	O
debatable	O
duet	O
with	O
employees	O
'	O
favored	O
charities	B-ORG
.	O


The	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Election	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
clears	O
corporate	O
plans	O
to	O
donate	O
to	O
an	O
employee	O
's	O
chosen	O
charity	O
in	O
exchange	O
for	O
the	O
worker	O
's	O
gift	O
to	O
the	O
company	O
political	O
action	O
committee	O
.	O


Latest	O
approvals	O
:	O
Bell	B-ORG
Atlantic	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
New	B-ORG
Jersey	I-ORG
Bell	I-ORG
and	O
General	B-ORG
Dynamics	I-ORG
.	O


Companies	O
get	O
more	O
political	O
clout	O
plus	O
a	O
possible	O
tax	O
-	O
deductible	O
charitable	O
donation	O
--	O
so	O
far	O
no	O
word	O
from	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
on	O
deductibility	O
.	O


Detroit	B-ORG
Edison	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
plan	O
pioneer	O
,	O
generated	O
$	O
54,000	B-MONEY
in	O
matching	O
funds	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
up	O
from	O
$	O
39,000	B-MONEY
in	O
1988	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
the	O
utility	O
may	O
not	O
continue	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


``	O
We	O
're	O
on	O
a	O
tight	O
budget	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Detroit	B-ORG
Edison	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Carol	B-PERSON
Roskind	I-PERSON
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
election	O
commission	O
members	O
opposed	O
the	O
matching	O
plans	O
.	O


Scott	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
Thomas	I-PERSON
says	O
the	O
plans	O
give	O
employees	O
``	O
a	O
bonus	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
charitable	O
donations	O
made	O
from	O
an	O
employer	O
's	O
treasury	O
''	O
in	O
exchange	O
for	O
the	O
political	O
donation	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
government	O
could	O
be	O
,	O
in	O
effect	O
,	O
subsidizing	O
political	O
contributions	O
to	O
corporate	O
PACs	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


New	B-ORG
Jersey	I-ORG
Bell	I-ORG
awaits	O
state	O
clearance	O
.	O


Despite	O
federal	O
approval	O
,	O
General	B-ORG
Dynamics	I-ORG
says	O
it	O
decided	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
go	O
ahead	O
with	O
the	O
matching	O
program	O
.	O


CHRISTMAS	B-DATE
SHOPPERS	O
find	O
a	O
helping	O
hand	O
from	O
some	O
catalog	O
companies	O
.	O


Blunt	B-ORG
Ellis	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Loewi	I-ORG
estimates	O
direct	O
mail	O
catalog	O
sales	O
rose	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
12	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
while	O
it	O
's	O
too	O
soon	O
to	O
tell	O
how	O
sales	O
will	O
fare	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
important	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
Christmas	I-DATE
season	I-DATE
,	O
some	O
companies	O
take	O
steps	O
to	O
ease	O
the	O
usual	O
11th	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
crush	O
.	O


Spiegel	B-ORG
promises	O
a	O
``	O
Guaranteed	O
Christmas	B-DATE
,	O
''	O
with	O
a	O
pledge	O
to	O
deliver	O
goods	O
before	O
Christmas	B-DATE
if	O
ordered	O
by	O
Dec.	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
,	O
for	O
an	B-MONEY
extra	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
6	I-MONEY
,	O
Land	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
End	I-ORG
will	O
deliver	O
orders	O
within	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
;	O
customers	O
can	O
designate	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


Spiegel	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
also	O
owns	O
Eddie	B-ORG
Bauer	I-ORG
and	O
Honeybee	B-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
since	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
sales	O
have	O
doubled	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
before	I-DATE
Christmas	I-DATE
.	O


An	O
L.L.	B-ORG
Bean	I-ORG
spokeswoman	O
notes	O
:	O
``	O
People	O
are	O
just	O
used	O
to	O
living	O
in	O
a	O
last	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
minute	I-TIME
society	O
.	O
''	O


Blunt	B-ORG
Ellis	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Milwaukee	B-GPE
brokerage	O
firm	O
,	O
says	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
reason	O
catalog	O
sales	O
grow	O
in	O
popularity	O
is	O
because	O
consumers	O
have	O
more	O
money	O
but	O
less	O
time	O
to	O
spend	O
it	O
.	O


L.L.	B-ORG
Bean	I-ORG
hires	O
about	B-CARDINAL
2,700	I-CARDINAL
workers	O
for	O
the	O
season	B-DATE
rush	O
,	O
about	B-CARDINAL
300	I-CARDINAL
more	O
than	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
Land	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
End	I-ORG
hires	O
2,000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


BRIEFS	O
:	O


Guarana	B-PRODUCT
Antarctica	I-PRODUCT
,	O
a	O
Brazilian	B-NORP
soft	O
drink	O
,	O
is	O
brought	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
by	O
Amcap	B-ORG
,	O
Chevy	B-GPE
Chase	I-GPE
,	O
Md	B-GPE
.	O


New	B-ORG
Product	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
says	O
the	O
beverage	O
``	O
looks	O
like	O
ginger	O
ale	O
,	O
tastes	O
a	O
little	O
like	O
cherries	O
and	O
smells	O
like	O
bubble	O
gum	O
.	O
''	O
...	O


``	O
Amenities	O
''	O
planned	O
for	O
Chicago	B-GPE
's	O
new	O
Parkshore	B-FAC
Tower	I-FAC
apartments	O
include	O
an	O
on	O
-	O
site	O
investment	O
counselor	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
remarkable	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
forced	O
marches	O
of	O
the	O
ethnic	O
Turks	B-NORP
out	O
of	O
Bulgaria	B-GPE
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
has	O
been	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
international	O
attention	O
.	O


The	O
deportation	O
of	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
315,000	I-CARDINAL
men	O
,	O
women	O
and	O
children	O
by	O
the	O
Bulgarian	B-NORP
regime	O
adds	O
up	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
migrations	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
postwar	O
years	B-DATE
.	O


Yet	O
some	O
people	O
are	O
advancing	O
a	O
chilling	O
casuistry	O
:	O
that	O
what	O
we	O
are	O
seeing	O
is	O
somehow	O
the	O
understandable	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
historical	O
sins	O
committed	O
by	O
the	O
Turks	B-NORP
in	O
the	B-DATE
16th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


Today	B-DATE
's	O
Turks	B-NORP
in	O
Bulgaria	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
deserve	O
what	O
is	O
coming	O
to	O
them	O
four	B-DATE
centuries	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
if	O
this	O
were	O
n't	O
enough	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Judiciary	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
is	O
getting	O
into	O
the	O
act	O
.	O


On	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
it	O
approved	O
Senator	O
Bob	B-PERSON
Dole	I-PERSON
's	O
proposed	O
commemorative	O
resolution	O
designating	O
April	B-DATE
24	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
as	O
the	B-DATE
``	I-DATE
National	I-DATE
Day	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
Remembrance	I-DATE
of	O
the	B-DATE
75th	I-DATE
Anniversary	I-DATE
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Armenian	I-EVENT
Genocide	I-EVENT
of	O
1915	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
1923	I-DATE
,	O
''	O
suffered	O
at	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
the	O
warring	O
Ottoman	B-GPE
Empire	I-GPE
.	O


There	O
can	O
be	O
no	O
quibbling	O
that	O
the	O
Armenians	B-NORP
endured	O
terrible	O
suffering	O
,	O
but	O
one	O
has	O
to	O
wonder	O
what	O
possible	O
good	O
such	O
a	O
resolution	O
will	O
achieve	O
.	O


It	O
puts	O
great	O
strain	O
on	O
a	O
longstanding	O
U.S.	B-GPE
friendship	O
with	O
Turkey	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
one	O
of	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
strongest	O
allies	O
in	O
NATO	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
resolution	O
also	O
comes	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
Turkey	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
seeking	O
help	O
from	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
in	O
resolving	O
its	O
Bulgarian	B-NORP
emigration	O
controversy	O
and	O
pursuing	O
democratic	O
reforms	O
that	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
membership	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
.	O


Turkey	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
fighting	O
its	O
past	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
thus	O
far	O
has	O
been	O
only	O
partially	O
successful	O
.	O


Must	O
it	O
now	O
accept	O
that	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
strongest	O
allies	O
blames	O
it	O
for	O
the	O
genocide	O
of	O
another	O
people	O
?	O


Such	O
sentiment	O
only	O
encourages	O
the	O
adverse	O
feelings	O
toward	O
Turkey	B-GPE
that	O
surfaced	O
when	O
Turkey	B-GPE
asked	O
for	O
assistance	O
in	O
dealing	O
with	O
its	O
Bulgarian	B-NORP
emigration	O
crisis	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Dole	B-PERSON
's	O
odd	O
effort	O
notwithstanding	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
Turkey	B-GPE
's	O
political	O
problems	O
lie	O
with	O
the	O
Europeans	B-NORP
.	O


Part	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
some	O
Europeans	B-NORP
have	O
with	O
Turkey	B-GPE
seems	O
to	O
stem	O
from	O
its	O
location	O
--	O
Turkey	B-GPE
is	O
n't	O
really	O
part	O
of	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


Why	O
,	O
they	O
wonder	O
,	O
should	O
it	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
EC	B-ORG
?	O


Another	O
anti-Turkish	B-NORP
hook	O
is	O
the	O
Islamic	B-NORP
faith	O
of	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
Turkish	B-NORP
people	O
:	O
Turkey	B-GPE
,	O
we	O
are	O
told	O
,	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
Christian	B-NORP
nation	O
;	O
its	O
people	O
simply	O
wo	O
n't	O
fit	O
in	O
with	O
the	O
Western	B-NORP
European	I-NORP
Judeo	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Christian	I-NORP
tradition	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
when	O
these	O
rationalizations	O
fall	O
on	O
deaf	O
ears	O
that	O
the	O
old	O
standby	O
of	O
retribution	O
for	O
treatment	O
at	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Ottoman	I-GPE
Empire	I-GPE
comes	O
to	O
the	O
fore	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
has	O
to	O
accept	O
the	O
sins	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Ottoman	I-GPE
Empire	I-GPE
to	O
reject	O
that	O
argument	O
.	O


Turkey	B-GPE
in	O
any	O
event	O
is	O
long	O
past	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
country	O
has	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
accepted	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
500,000	I-CARDINAL
refugees	O
from	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
bordering	O
nations	O
.	O


Kurds	B-NORP
,	O
suffering	O
what	O
many	O
people	O
consider	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
current	O
extermination	O
campaign	O
at	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
Syria	B-GPE
,	O
Iran	B-GPE
and	O
Iraq	B-GPE
have	O
inundated	O
eastern	O
Turkey	B-GPE
.	O


Now	O
it	O
is	O
their	O
fellow	O
Turks	B-NORP
arriving	O
as	O
refugees	O
from	O
Bulgaria	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Turkish	B-NORP
refugee	O
tragedy	O
and	O
the	O
ongoing	O
crisis	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
ignored	O
and	O
shuttled	O
off	O
to	O
that	O
notorious	O
dustbin	O
of	O
history	O
that	O
has	O
become	O
so	O
convenient	O
recently	O
.	O


Surely	O
,	O
the	O
past	O
suffering	O
of	O
any	O
people	O
at	O
any	O
time	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
simply	O
filed	O
away	O
and	O
forgotten	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Judiciary	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
has	O
done	O
in	O
supporting	O
the	O
strongly	O
worded	O
Armenian	B-NORP
resolution	O
achieves	O
no	O
useful	O
end	O
;	O
it	O
merely	O
produces	O
more	O
controversy	O
and	O
embittered	O
memories	O
.	O


Congress	B-ORG
has	O
enough	O
difficulty	O
dealing	O
with	O
the	O
realities	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
as	O
it	O
currently	O
exists	O
.	O


Bulgaria	B-GPE
's	O
government	O
has	O
been	O
behaving	O
beyond	O
the	O
pale	O
for	O
months	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
does	O
its	O
values	O
no	O
credit	O
by	O
ignoring	O
that	O
while	O
casting	O
its	O
votes	O
into	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


The	O
Berlin	O
Wall	O
still	O
stands	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
built	O
it	O
has	O
fallen	O
.	O


East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
yesterday	B-DATE
removed	O
Erich	B-PERSON
Honecker	I-PERSON
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
staunchest	O
holdouts	O
against	O
the	O
reform	O
rumbling	O
through	O
the	O
Communist	B-NORP
world	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
win	O
back	O
the	O
confidence	O
of	O
its	O
increasingly	O
rebellious	O
citizens	O
.	O


But	O
while	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
move	O
that	O
stunned	O
the	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
bloc	I-LOC
,	O
it	O
hardly	O
ushers	O
in	O
an	O
era	O
of	O
reform	O
--	O
at	O
least	O
anytime	O
soon	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
Politburo	B-ORG
replaced	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
had	O
led	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
for	O
18	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
before	O
that	O
headed	O
its	O
security	O
apparatus	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
man	O
cut	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
cloth	O
:	O
Egon	B-PERSON
Krenz	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
internal	O
-	O
security	O
chief	O
and	O
a	O
longtime	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
protege	O
.	O


East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
,	O
it	O
is	O
clear	O
,	O
is	O
no	O
Poland	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
the	B-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
now	O
shares	O
power	O
with	O
the	O
democratically	O
elected	O
Solidarity	B-ORG
union	O
.	O


Nor	O
is	O
it	O
a	O
Hungary	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
yesterday	B-DATE
the	O
parliament	O
approved	O
constitutional	O
changes	O
meant	O
to	O
help	O
turn	O
the	O
Communist	B-NORP
nation	O
into	O
a	O
multiparty	O
democracy	O
.	O


Still	O
,	O
any	O
change	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
has	O
enormous	O
implications	O
,	O
for	O
both	O
East	O
and	O
West	O
.	O


It	O
raises	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
cherished	O
hopes	O
of	O
many	O
Germans	B-NORP
for	O
reunification	O
--	O
a	O
prospect	O
that	O
almost	O
equally	O
alarms	O
political	O
leaders	O
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
and	O
Western	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
.	O


Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
,	O
52	B-DATE
,	O
was	O
named	O
the	O
new	O
party	O
chief	O
just	O
minutes	B-TIME
after	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
's	O
163	B-CARDINAL
-	O
member	O
Central	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
convened	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
.	O


Although	O
the	O
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
news	O
agency	O
ADN	B-ORG
claimed	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
had	O
asked	O
to	O
be	O
relieved	O
of	O
his	O
duties	O
for	O
``	O
health	O
reasons	O
,	O
''	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
government	O
sources	O
said	O
the	O
26	B-CARDINAL
-	O
man	O
Politburo	B-ORG
had	O
asked	O
for	O
his	O
resignation	O
at	O
a	O
separate	O
meeting	O
late	B-DATE
Tuesday	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
was	O
twice	O
hospitalized	O
this	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
for	O
a	O
gall	O
bladder	O
ailment	O
and	O
his	O
physical	O
condition	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
intense	O
speculation	O
in	O
the	O
Western	O
media	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


ADN	B-ORG
said	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
hard	O
-	O
line	O
Stalinist	B-NORP
who	O
in	O
1961	B-DATE
supervised	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
Berlin	O
Wall	O
,	O
also	O
was	O
relieved	O
of	O
his	O
title	O
as	O
head	O
of	O
state	O
and	O
his	O
position	O
as	O
chief	O
of	O
the	O
military	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
formally	O
named	O
to	O
all	O
three	B-CARDINAL
positions	O
once	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
parliament	O
convenes	O
later	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
's	O
ignoble	O
fall	O
culminates	O
nearly	O
two	B-DATE
decades	I-DATE
of	O
iron	O
-	O
handed	O
leadership	O
during	O
which	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
,	O
now	O
77	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
built	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
into	O
the	O
most	O
economically	O
advanced	O
nation	O
in	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
bloc	O
.	O


His	O
grip	O
on	O
power	O
unraveled	O
this	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
as	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
countrymen	O
,	O
dissatisfied	O
by	O
the	O
harshness	O
of	O
his	O
rule	O
,	O
fled	O
to	O
the	O
West	O
.	O


Thousands	B-CARDINAL
more	O
have	O
taken	O
to	O
the	O
streets	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
in	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
largest	O
wave	O
of	O
domestic	O
unrest	O
since	O
a	O
workers	O
'	O
uprising	O
in	O
1953	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
took	O
a	O
characteristically	O
cautious	O
and	O
skeptical	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
leadership	O
change	O
.	O


The	O
official	O
line	O
was	O
to	O
offer	O
warmer	O
ties	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
,	O
provided	O
he	O
is	O
willing	O
to	O
institute	O
reforms	O
.	O


But	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
have	O
strong	O
doubts	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
a	O
reformer	O
.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
told	O
reporters	O
:	O
``	O
Whether	O
that	O
-LCB-	O
the	O
leadership	O
change	O
-RCB-	O
reflects	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
East	O
-	O
West	O
relations	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
so	O
.	O


Because	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
very	O
much	O
in	O
accord	O
with	O
the	O
policies	O
of	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
.	O
''	O


One	B-CARDINAL
top	O
U.S.	B-GPE
expert	O
on	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
added	O
:	O
``	O
There	O
is	O
no	O
clear	O
-	O
cut	O
champion	O
of	O
reform	O
,	O
that	O
we	O
know	O
of	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
leadership	O
.	O
''	O


Indeed	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
said	O
on	O
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
television	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
that	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
sharing	O
of	O
power	O
with	O
pro-democracy	O
groups	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
while	O
dialogue	O
is	O
important	O
,	O
enough	O
forums	O
already	O
exist	O
``	O
in	O
which	O
different	O
interests	O
''	O
can	O
express	O
themselves	O
.	O


The	O
removal	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
was	O
apparently	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
bitter	O
infighting	O
within	O
the	O
top	O
ranks	O
of	O
the	O
Communist	B-NORP
party	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
government	O
sources	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
and	O
several	O
senior	O
Politburo	B-ORG
members	O
fought	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
to	O
delay	O
any	O
decisions	O
about	O
a	O
leadership	O
change	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
with	O
public	O
demonstrations	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
growing	O
in	O
size	O
and	O
intensity	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
and	O
several	O
key	O
allies	O
lost	O
out	O
in	O
this	O
battle	O
,	O
officials	O
say	O
.	O


Those	O
allies	O
included	O
Politburo	B-ORG
members	O
Guenter	B-PERSON
Mittag	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
long	O
headed	O
economic	O
affairs	O
,	O
and	O
Joachim	B-PERSON
Hermann	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
of	O
information	O
policy	O
.	O


Both	O
men	O
were	O
also	O
relieved	O
of	O
their	O
duties	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


Although	O
other	O
resignations	O
may	O
follow	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
still	O
not	O
clear	O
to	O
what	O
extent	O
the	O
change	O
in	O
party	O
personnel	O
will	O
alter	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
resistance	O
to	O
fundamental	O
change	O
.	O


Clearly	O
,	O
the	O
central	O
figure	O
in	O
this	O
process	O
is	O
Egon	B-PERSON
Krenz	I-PERSON
.	O


Born	O
in	O
1937	B-DATE
in	O
a	O
Baltic	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
town	O
now	O
part	O
of	O
Poland	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
was	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
when	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
ended	O
.	O


Like	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
Chancellor	O
Helmut	B-PERSON
Kohl	I-PERSON
,	O
he	O
represents	O
the	O
postwar	O
generation	O
that	O
has	O
grown	O
up	O
during	O
Germany	B-GPE
's	O
division	O
.	O


Since	O
joining	O
the	O
Politburo	B-ORG
in	O
1983	B-DATE
as	O
its	O
youngest	O
member	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
had	O
acquired	O
the	O
nickname	O
``	O
crown	O
prince	O
,	O
''	O
a	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
widely	O
held	O
view	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
hand	O
-	O
picked	O
successor	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
have	O
had	O
strikingly	O
similar	O
career	O
paths	O
,	O
both	O
having	O
served	O
as	O
chief	O
of	O
internal	O
security	O
before	O
their	O
rise	O
to	O
the	O
top	O
party	O
position	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
both	O
men	O
have	O
hewn	O
to	O
a	O
similar	O
hard	O
-	O
line	O
philosophy	O
.	O


Notably	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
's	O
few	O
official	O
visits	O
overseas	O
came	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
he	O
visited	O
China	B-GPE
after	O
the	O
massacre	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
later	O
defended	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
's	O
response	O
during	O
a	O
separate	O
visit	O
to	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
.	O


East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
Protestantism	B-NORP
in	O
particular	O
fears	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
,	O
in	O
part	O
because	O
of	O
an	O
incident	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
when	O
he	O
was	O
believed	O
to	O
have	O
ordered	O
the	O
arrest	O
of	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
dissidents	O
who	O
had	O
sought	O
refuge	O
in	O
the	O
Church	B-ORG
.	O


However	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
also	O
has	O
a	O
reputation	O
for	O
being	O
politically	O
savvy	O
.	O


His	O
shrewd	O
ability	O
to	O
read	O
the	O
shifting	O
popular	O
mood	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
is	O
best	O
illustrated	O
by	O
his	O
apparent	O
break	O
with	O
his	O
old	O
mentor	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
government	O
sources	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
leaders	O
in	O
the	O
power	O
struggle	O
that	O
toppled	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
has	O
sought	O
to	O
project	O
a	O
kinder	O
image	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
a	O
report	O
widely	O
circulating	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
,	O
it	O
was	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
who	O
ordered	O
police	O
to	O
stop	O
using	O
excessive	O
force	O
against	O
demonstrators	O
in	O
Leipzig	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
He	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
the	O
gun	O
man	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Fred	B-PERSON
Oldenburg	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
expert	O
at	O
the	O
Bonn	B-GPE
-	O
sponsored	O
Institute	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
East	I-ORG
European	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Studies	I-ORG
in	O
Cologne	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
He	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
reformer	O
--	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
a	O
reformer	O
.	O
''	O


As	O
part	O
of	O
his	O
image	O
polishing	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
is	O
expected	O
to	O
take	O
modest	O
steps	O
toward	O
reform	O
to	O
rebuild	O
confidence	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
reassert	O
the	O
party	O
's	O
authority	O
.	O


Besides	O
sacking	O
other	O
senior	O
Politburo	B-ORG
officials	O
who	O
allied	O
themselves	O
with	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
,	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
could	O
loosen	O
controls	O
on	O
the	O
news	O
media	O
,	O
free	O
up	O
travel	O
restrictions	O
,	O
and	O
establish	O
a	O
dialogue	O
with	O
various	O
dissident	O
groups	O
.	O


But	O
will	O
it	O
be	O
enough	O
?	O


West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
government	O
officials	O
and	O
Western	O
analysts	O
are	O
doubtful	O
.	O


``	O
He	O
does	O
n't	O
signify	O
what	O
people	O
want	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
unrest	O
will	O
go	O
on	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Oldenburg	B-PERSON
predicts	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
expectations	O
of	O
the	O
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
people	O
are	O
great	O
and	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
grow	O
.	O


Says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
official	O
:	O
``	O
What	O
's	O
necessary	O
now	O
is	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
democratization	O
.	O


Not	O
just	O
that	O
people	O
are	O
being	O
heard	O
but	O
that	O
their	O
interests	O
are	O
being	O
taken	O
seriously	O
.	O
''	O


Chancellor	O
Kohl	B-PERSON
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
has	O
invited	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
to	O
open	O
discussions	O
with	O
Bonn	B-GPE
on	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
subjects	O
.	O


Reports	O
in	O
the	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
press	O
,	O
citing	O
sources	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
,	O
suggest	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
may	O
serve	O
only	O
as	O
a	O
bridge	O
between	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
and	O
a	O
genuine	O
reform	O
leader	O
.	O


Adding	O
to	O
that	O
speculation	O
is	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
's	O
reputation	O
as	O
a	O
heavy	O
drinker	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
said	O
to	O
also	O
suffer	O
from	O
diabetes	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
dynamic	O
process	O
and	O
we	O
're	O
experiencing	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
step	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
Bonn	B-GPE
official	O
adds	O
.	O


The	O
selection	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
may	O
also	O
disappoint	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


Soviet	B-NORP
leader	O
Mikhail	B-PERSON
Gorbachev	I-PERSON
has	O
pressed	O
hard	O
for	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
rigid	O
stance	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
reform	O
-	O
minded	O
party	O
leaders	O
favored	O
by	O
Moscow	B-GPE
as	O
possible	O
successors	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
,	O
Dresden	B-GPE
party	O
secretary	O
Hans	B-PERSON
Modrow	I-PERSON
and	O
Politburo	B-ORG
member	O
Guenter	B-PERSON
Schabowski	I-PERSON
,	O
were	O
passed	O
over	O
.	O


If	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
sticks	O
to	O
rigid	O
policies	O
the	O
pressure	O
from	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
could	O
intensify	O
.	O


In	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
Mr.	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
sent	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
a	O
congratulatory	O
telegram	O
that	O
appeared	O
to	O
urge	O
the	O
new	O
leadership	O
to	O
heed	O
growing	O
calls	O
for	O
change	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
news	O
agency	O
Tass	B-ORG
,	O
``	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
expressed	O
the	O
conviction	O
that	O
the	O
leadership	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Socialist	I-ORG
Unity	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
of	O
-LCB-	B-GPE
East	I-GPE
-RCB-	I-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
,	O
being	O
sensitive	O
to	O
the	O
demands	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
...	O
will	O
find	O
solutions	O
to	O
complicated	O
problems	O
the	O
GDR	B-GPE
-LCB-	O
German	B-GPE
Democratic	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
-RCB-	O
encountered	O
.	O
''	O


A	O
force	O
of	O
younger	O
pro-Gorbachev	B-PERSON
members	O
in	O
the	O
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
bureaucracy	O
has	O
for	O
some	O
time	O
been	O
pushing	O
for	O
relaxation	O
within	O
their	O
country	O
.	O


The	O
older	O
generation	O
has	O
been	O
torn	O
between	O
a	O
fear	O
of	O
tampering	O
with	O
the	O
status	O
quo	O
and	O
a	O
fear	O
of	O
what	O
might	O
happen	O
if	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
perspective	O
of	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
old	O
guard	O
,	O
reforms	O
that	O
smack	O
of	O
capitalism	O
and	O
Western	O
-	O
style	O
democracy	O
could	O
eliminate	O
their	O
country	O
's	O
reason	O
for	O
being	O
.	O


Unlike	O
the	O
other	O
nations	O
of	O
the	O
bloc	O
,	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
is	O
a	O
creature	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Cold	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
.	O


Erasing	O
the	O
differences	O
still	O
dividing	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
and	O
the	O
vast	O
international	O
reordering	O
that	O
implies	O
,	O
wo	O
n't	O
endanger	O
the	O
statehood	O
of	O
a	O
Poland	B-GPE
or	O
a	O
Hungary	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
it	O
could	O
ultimately	O
lead	O
to	O
German	B-NORP
reunification	O
and	O
the	O
disappearance	O
of	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
from	O
the	O
map	O
.	O


Which	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
Old	O
Guard	O
fears	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
they	O
'll	O
formulate	O
a	O
reform	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
recipe	O
for	O
the	O
GDR	B-GPE
's	O
future	O
as	O
a	O
separately	O
identifiable	O
state	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Simmons	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
British	B-NORP
journalist	O
whose	O
book	O
on	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
,	O
entitled	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Unloved	I-WORK_OF_ART
Country	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
was	O
published	O
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


Up	O
to	O
now	O
,	O
that	O
recipe	O
has	O
consisted	O
of	O
a	O
dogged	O
effort	O
by	O
former	O
leader	O
Walter	B-PERSON
Ulbricht	I-PERSON
to	O
establish	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
international	O
legitimacy	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
's	O
campaign	O
to	O
build	O
the	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
bloc	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
only	O
successful	O
Stalinist	B-NORP
economy	O
into	O
a	O
consumer	O
paradise	O
.	O


Neither	O
man	O
achieved	O
perfection	O
.	O


Early	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
team	O
stopped	O
paying	O
thin	O
compliments	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
and	O
joined	O
with	O
Romania	B-GPE
in	O
rejecting	O
any	O
necessity	O
for	O
adjustments	O
in	O
their	O
systems	O
.	O


The	O
less	O
-	O
self	O
-	O
confident	O
Czechoslovaks	B-NORP
and	O
Bulgarians	B-NORP
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
,	O
declared	O
their	O
intentions	O
to	O
reform	O
,	O
while	O
doing	O
nothing	O
concrete	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
media	O
soon	O
began	O
presenting	O
Mr.	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
's	O
speeches	O
only	O
as	O
sketchy	O
summaries	O
,	O
and	O
giving	O
space	O
to	O
his	O
opponents	O
.	O


By	O
late	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
,	O
they	O
were	O
banning	O
Soviet	B-NORP
publications	O
.	O


The	O
country	O
abandoned	O
its	O
former	O
devotion	O
to	O
socialist	O
unity	O
and	O
took	O
to	O
insisting	O
instead	O
that	O
each	O
country	O
in	O
the	O
bloc	O
ought	O
to	O
travel	O
its	O
own	O
road	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
spoke	O
of	O
``	O
generally	O
valid	O
objective	O
laws	O
of	O
socialism	O
''	O
and	O
left	O
no	O
room	O
for	O
debate	O
.	O


With	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
dislocations	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
drive	O
to	O
democracy	O
in	O
Poland	B-GPE
and	O
Hungary	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
leadership	O
grew	O
still	O
more	O
defensive	O
.	O


Politburo	B-ORG
member	O
Joachim	B-PERSON
Herrman	I-PERSON
confessed	O
to	O
a	O
``	O
grave	O
concern	O
''	O
over	O
Hungarian	B-NORP
democracy	O
.	O


``	O
Under	O
the	O
banner	O
that	O
proclaims	O
the	O
`	O
renewal	O
of	O
socialism	O
,	O
'	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
forces	O
are	O
at	O
work	O
that	O
are	O
striving	O
to	O
eliminate	O
socialism	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
loyal	O
voices	O
,	O
in	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
Communist	B-NORP
party	O
,	O
saw	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
unrest	O
coming	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
signs	O
were	O
economic	O
.	O


Despite	O
heavily	O
subsidized	O
consumer	O
industries	O
,	O
East	B-NORP
Germans	I-NORP
have	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
watched	O
the	O
West	O
pull	O
farther	O
out	O
ahead	O
.	O


In	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
economic	O
growth	O
came	O
to	O
a	O
dead	O
stop	O
.	O


Gingerly	O
,	O
some	O
economists	O
began	O
to	O
blame	O
central	O
planning	O
.	O


Some	O
writers	O
in	O
theoretical	O
journals	O
even	O
raised	O
the	O
notion	O
of	O
introducing	O
democracy	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
the	O
workplace	O
.	O


By	O
summer	B-DATE
,	O
an	O
independent	O
reform	O
movement	O
was	O
saying	O
out	O
loud	O
what	O
it	O
had	O
only	O
whispered	O
before	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
are	O
stalwart	O
socialists	O
.	O


Their	O
proclaimed	O
purpose	O
is	O
to	O
cleanse	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
of	O
its	O
Stalinist	B-NORP
muck	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
merge	O
with	O
the	O
West	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
their	O
pastors	O
has	O
envisioned	O
a	O
``	O
new	O
utopia	O
''	O
of	O
``	O
creative	O
socialism	O
.	O
''	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
man	O
Mr.	O
Krenz	B-PERSON
replaces	O
has	O
left	O
an	O
indelible	O
mark	O
on	O
East	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
society	O
.	O


Imprisoned	O
by	O
the	O
Nazis	B-ORG
during	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
for	O
his	O
political	O
beliefs	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
typified	O
the	O
postwar	O
generation	O
of	O
committed	O
Communist	B-NORP
leaders	O
in	O
Eastern	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
who	O
took	O
their	O
cues	O
from	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
``	O
socialist	O
warrior	O
''	O
who	O
felt	O
rankled	O
by	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
enormous	O
postwar	O
prosperity	O
and	O
the	O
Bonn	B-GPE
government	O
's	O
steadfast	O
refusal	O
to	O
recognize	O
the	O
legitimacy	O
of	O
his	O
state	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
during	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
and	O
only	O
state	O
visit	O
to	O
Bonn	B-GPE
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
won	O
some	O
measure	O
of	O
the	O
recognition	O
he	O
had	O
long	O
sought	O
.	O


But	O
ultimately	O
he	O
was	O
undone	O
by	O
forces	O
unleashed	O
by	O
his	O
own	O
comrade	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Gorbachev	B-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
's	O
removal	O
``	O
was	O
bound	O
to	O
happen	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
aide	O
to	O
Chancellor	O
Kohl	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
It	O
was	O
only	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
time	O
.	O
''	O


The	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
increased	O
its	O
forecast	O
for	O
economic	O
growth	O
in	O
the	O
EC	B-ORG
in	O
1989	B-DATE
to	O
3.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
slightly	O
higher	O
than	O
its	O
June	B-DATE
projection	O
of	O
3.25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


In	O
its	O
annual	B-DATE
economic	O
report	O
for	O
1989	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
commission	O
also	O
projected	O
1990	B-DATE
gross	O
domestic	O
product	O
growth	O
for	O
the	O
12	B-CARDINAL
EC	B-ORG
members	O
at	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


EC	B-ORG
inflation	O
was	O
seen	O
at	O
4.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1989	B-DATE
,	O
higher	O
than	O
1988	B-DATE
's	O
3.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
price	O
rise	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
inflation	O
for	O
1990	B-DATE
was	O
seen	O
slowing	O
to	O
4.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Leading	O
EC	B-ORG
growth	O
forecasts	O
in	O
1989	B-DATE
was	O
Ireland	B-GPE
,	O
seen	O
growing	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
at	O
constant	O
prices	O
.	O


Slower	O
growth	O
countries	O
included	O
Greece	B-GPE
,	O
at	O
2.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
the	O
U.K.	B-GPE
,	O
at	O
2.25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
Denmark	B-GPE
,	O
at	O
1.75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Inflation	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
highest	O
in	O
Greece	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
it	O
is	O
projected	O
at	O
14.25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
Portugal	B-GPE
,	O
at	O
13	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


At	O
the	O
other	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
spectrum	O
,	O
West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
inflation	O
was	O
forecast	O
at	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1989	B-DATE
and	O
2.75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1990	B-DATE
.	O


Nestle	B-ORG
Korea	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
opened	O
a	O
coffee	O
and	O
non-dairy	O
-	O
creamer	O
plant	O
in	O
Chongju	B-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
.	O


An	O
official	O
at	O
Nestle	B-ORG
Korea	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
50	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
joint	O
venture	O
between	O
Nestle	B-ORG
S.A.	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Doosan	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
the	O
new	O
facility	O
will	O
manufacture	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
soluble	O
,	O
roasted	O
and	O
ground	O
coffee	O
,	O
coffee	O
mix	O
and	O
nondairy	O
coffee	O
creamer	O
.	O


The	O
South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
coffee	O
market	O
,	O
consisting	O
mostly	O
of	O
instant	O
coffee	O
,	O
was	O
estimated	O
at	O
about	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
won	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
150.7	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Brands	O
made	O
by	O
the	O
Kraft	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Foods	I-ORG
unit	O
of	O
Philip	B-ORG
Morris	I-ORG
Cos.	I-ORG
had	O
about	B-PERCENT
95	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
market	O
share	O
.	O


Nestle	B-ORG
currently	O
has	O
only	O
about	O
a	O
2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
share	O
with	O
its	O
Taster	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Choice	I-ORG
coffee	O
.	O


Poland	B-GPE
plans	O
to	O
start	O
negotiations	O
soon	O
on	O
purchasing	O
natural	O
gas	O
from	O
Iran	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
official	O
Islamic	B-ORG
Republic	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
reported	O
.	O


The	O
agency	O
said	O
Polish	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Tadeusz	B-PERSON
Mazowiecki	I-PERSON
told	O
Iranian	B-NORP
Deputy	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Mahmoud	B-PERSON
Vaezi	I-PERSON
of	O
Poland	B-GPE
's	O
willingess	O
to	O
purchase	O
the	O
gas	O
during	O
Mr.	O
Vaezi	B-PERSON
's	O
current	O
visit	O
to	O
Warsaw	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
agency	O
did	O
n't	O
mention	O
possible	O
quantities	O
and	O
did	O
n't	O
say	O
how	O
the	O
gas	O
would	O
be	O
delivered	O
.	O


A	O
Chinese	B-NORP
official	O
harshly	O
criticized	O
plans	O
to	O
close	O
a	O
British	B-NORP
naval	O
base	O
in	O
downtown	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
officials	O
announced	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
that	O
the	O
base	O
will	O
be	O
relocated	O
to	O
a	O
small	O
island	O
to	O
allow	O
downtown	O
redevelopment	O
.	O


But	O
Beijing	B-GPE
wants	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
base	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Liberation	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
after	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
territory	O
returns	O
to	O
Chinese	B-NORP
sovereignty	O
.	O


Ke	B-PERSON
Zaishuo	I-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
delegation	O
to	O
a	O
Chinese	B-NORP
-	O
British	O
Liaison	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
on	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
accused	O
Britain	B-GPE
of	O
trying	O
to	O
impose	O
a	O
fait	O
accompli	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
is	O
something	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
accept	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
and	O
Soviet	B-NORP
national	O
airlines	O
have	O
reached	O
preliminary	O
agreement	O
for	O
launching	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
direct	O
flights	O
between	O
Tel	B-GPE
Aviv	I-GPE
and	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
spokesman	O
for	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
airline	O
,	O
El	B-ORG
Al	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
.	O


El	B-ORG
Al	I-ORG
director	O
Rafi	B-PERSON
Har	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Lev	I-PERSON
and	O
top	O
officials	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Aeroflot	B-ORG
negotiated	O
a	O
preliminary	O
pact	O
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
spokesman	O
said	O
.	O


He	O
added	O
that	O
concluding	O
the	O
deal	O
requires	O
approval	O
by	O
the	O
governments	O
of	O
both	O
countries	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
never	O
had	O
direct	O
air	O
links	O
.	O


The	O
chairman	O
and	O
a	O
director	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Singapore	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
leading	O
property	O
companies	O
,	O
City	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
or	O
CDL	B-ORG
,	O
were	O
charged	O
yesterday	B-DATE
with	O
criminal	O
breach	O
of	O
trust	O
of	O
some	B-MONEY
800,000	I-MONEY
Singapore	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
about	B-MONEY
US$	I-MONEY
409,000	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
.	O


Kwek	B-PERSON
Hong	I-PERSON
Png	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
CDL	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
director	O
Quek	B-PERSON
Leng	I-PERSON
Chye	I-PERSON
were	O
arrested	O
by	O
the	O
republic	O
's	O
Corrupt	B-ORG
Practices	I-ORG
Investigation	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
Tuesday	B-DATE
night	B-TIME
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
abetting	O
in	O
the	O
alleged	O
criminal	O
breach	O
of	O
trust	O
,	O
Kwek	B-PERSON
Hong	I-PERSON
Png	I-PERSON
was	O
also	O
charged	O
with	O
dishonestly	O
receiving	O
US$	O
500,000	B-MONEY
that	O
had	O
been	O
stolen	O
.	O


Both	O
men	O
were	O
charged	O
in	O
a	O
subordinate	O
court	O
and	O
released	O
on	O
bail	O
of	O
US$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
charges	O
are	O
the	O
culmination	O
of	O
weeks	B-DATE
of	O
rumors	O
concerning	O
CDL	B-ORG
that	O
have	O
depressed	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
share	O
price	O
and	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
extent	O
the	O
shares	O
of	O
all	O
companies	O
owned	O
by	O
CDL	B-ORG
's	O
controlling	O
Quek	B-PERSON
family	O
,	O
brokers	O
in	O
Singapore	B-GPE
say	O
.	O


The	O
Queks	B-PERSON
control	O
the	B-ORG
Hong	I-ORG
Leong	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
has	O
widespread	O
interests	O
in	O
manufacturing	O
,	O
property	O
and	O
finance	O
in	O
both	O
Malaysia	B-GPE
and	O
Singapore	B-GPE
.	O


News	O
of	O
the	O
arrest	O
and	O
charging	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
helped	O
to	O
push	O
prices	O
on	O
the	O
Singapore	B-GPE
Stock	O
market	O
sharply	O
lower	O
in	O
early	O
trading	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
brokers	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
market	O
and	O
CDL	B-ORG
shares	O
recovered	O
once	O
it	O
became	O
apparent	O
the	O
charges	O
were	O
limited	O
to	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
personally	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
British	B-NORP
companies	O
still	O
making	O
hard	O
toilet	O
paper	O
stopped	O
production	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


British	B-ORG
Tissues	I-ORG
decided	O
to	O
do	O
away	O
with	O
its	O
hard	O
paper	O
after	O
a	O
major	O
customer	O
,	O
British	B-ORG
Rail	I-ORG
,	O
switched	O
to	O
softer	O
tissues	O
for	O
train	O
bathrooms	O
...	O
.	O


Peasants	O
in	O
Inner	B-LOC
Mongolia	I-LOC
have	O
partly	O
dismantled	O
a	O
20	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
section	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
famed	O
Great	O
Wall	O
,	O
the	O
official	O
People	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
paper	O
said	O
the	O
bricks	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
homes	O
and	O
furnaces	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
wall	O
``	O
is	O
in	O
terrible	O
shape	O
.	O


CALIFORNIA	B-GPE
STRUGGLED	O
with	O
the	O
aftermath	O
of	O
a	O
Bay	B-LOC
area	I-LOC
earthquake	O
.	O


As	O
aftershocks	O
shook	O
the	B-LOC
San	I-LOC
Francisco	I-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
area	I-LOC
,	O
rescuers	O
searched	O
through	O
rubble	O
for	O
survivors	O
of	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
's	O
temblor	O
,	O
and	O
residents	O
picked	O
their	O
way	O
through	O
glass	O
-	O
strewn	O
streets	O
.	O


In	O
Oakland	B-GPE
,	O
hopes	O
faded	O
for	O
finding	O
any	O
more	O
survivors	O
within	O
the	O
concrete	O
and	O
steel	O
from	O
the	O
collapse	O
of	O
an	O
interstate	O
highway	O
.	O


At	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
270	I-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
reported	O
killed	O
and	O
1,400	B-CARDINAL
injured	O
in	O
the	O
rush	O
-	O
hour	O
tremor	O
that	O
caused	O
billions	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
damage	O
along	O
100	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
of	O
the	O
San	B-LOC
Andreas	I-LOC
fault	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
declared	O
the	O
region	O
a	O
major	O
disaster	O
area	O
and	O
the	O
military	O
was	O
mobilized	O
to	O
prevent	O
looting	O
.	O


The	O
baseball	O
commissioner	O
said	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
game	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Series	I-EVENT
between	O
the	O
Giants	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
Athletics	B-ORG
would	O
be	O
played	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
in	O
Candlestick	B-FAC
Park	I-FAC
.	O


HONECKER	B-PERSON
WAS	O
OUSTED	O
as	O
leader	O
of	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
amid	O
growing	O
unrest	O
.	O


The	O
77	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
official	O
,	O
who	O
oversaw	O
the	O
building	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Berlin	I-FAC
Wall	I-FAC
,	O
was	O
removed	O
during	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
163	B-CARDINAL
-	O
member	O
Communist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
in	O
East	B-GPE
Berlin	I-GPE
.	O


Honecker	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
reported	O
ill	O
following	O
gall	O
-	O
bladder	O
surgery	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
resigning	O
for	O
health	O
reasons	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
succeeded	O
by	O
internal	O
-	O
security	O
chief	O
Egon	B-PERSON
Krenz	I-PERSON
,	O
52	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
hard	O
-	O
liner	O
who	O
quickly	O
ruled	O
out	O
any	O
sharing	O
of	O
power	O
with	O
pro-democracy	O
groups	O
.	O


Honecker	B-PERSON
's	O
departure	O
came	O
after	O
weeks	B-DATE
of	O
street	O
protests	O
and	O
an	O
exodus	O
to	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
of	O
East	B-NORP
Germans	I-NORP
who	O
had	O
become	O
disenchanted	O
with	O
his	O
rule	O
.	O


HUNGARY	B-GPE
ADOPTED	O
constitutional	O
changes	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
democratic	O
system	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
nationally	O
televised	O
legislative	O
session	O
in	O
Budapest	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Parliament	B-ORG
overwhelmingly	O
approved	O
changes	O
formally	O
ending	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
party	O
domination	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
regulating	O
free	O
elections	O
by	O
next	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
and	O
establishing	O
the	O
office	O
of	O
state	O
president	O
to	O
replace	O
a	O
21	B-CARDINAL
-	O
member	O
council	O
.	O


The	O
country	O
was	O
renamed	O
the	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Hungary	I-GPE
.	O


Like	O
other	O
Soviet	B-NORP
bloc	O
nations	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
``	O
people	O
's	O
republic	O
''	O
since	O


The	O
voting	O
for	O
new	O
laws	O
followed	O
dissolution	O
of	O
Hungary	B-GPE
's	O
Communist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
this	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
and	O
its	O
replacement	O
by	O
a	O
Western	O
-	O
style	O
Socialist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
space	O
shuttle	O
Atlantis	B-PRODUCT
blasted	O
into	O
orbit	O
from	O
Cape	B-GPE
Canaveral	I-GPE
,	O
Fla.	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
its	O
crew	O
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
astronauts	O
launched	O
the	O
nuclear	O
-	O
powered	O
Galileo	B-PRODUCT
space	O
probe	O
on	O
a	O
flight	O
to	O
the	O
planet	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
$	B-MONEY
1.4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
robot	O
spacecraft	O
's	O
exploratory	O
mission	O
is	O
to	O
take	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
shuttle	O
is	O
slated	O
to	O
return	O
Monday	B-DATE
to	O
California	B-GPE
.	O


South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
President	O
Roh	B-PERSON
addressed	O
a	O
joint	O
House	B-ORG
-	O
Senate	O
meeting	O
and	O
urged	O
patience	O
over	O
U.S.	B-GPE
demands	O
for	O
the	O
opening	O
of	O
Seoul	B-GPE
's	O
markets	O
to	O
more	O
American	B-NORP
goods	O
,	O
saying	O
trade	O
issues	O
would	O
be	O
``	O
resolved	O
to	O
mutual	O
satisfaction	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
also	O
said	O
tragic	O
results	O
could	O
follow	O
any	O
``	O
hint	O
of	O
weakening	O
''	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
defense	O
commitment	O
to	O
Seoul	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Census	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
reported	O
that	O
13.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
population	O
,	O
or	O
31.9	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
were	O
living	O
in	O
poverty	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
figure	O
was	O
down	O
from	O
13.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1987	B-DATE
and	O
marked	O
the	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
consecutive	O
annual	B-DATE
decline	O
in	O
the	O
poverty	O
rate	O
.	O


Per	O
capita	O
income	O
rose	O
1.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
$	O
13,120	B-MONEY
,	O
but	O
median	O
family	O
income	O
fell	O
0.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
accused	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Shamir	B-PERSON
of	O
hindering	O
peace	O
efforts	O
in	O
the	O
Mideast	B-LOC
with	O
``	O
unhelpful	O
''	O
and	O
disappointing	O
statements	O
.	O


Shamir	B-PERSON
said	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
that	O
he	O
was	O
prepared	O
to	O
risk	O
a	O
policy	O
conflict	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
over	O
an	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
plan	O
to	O
hold	O
direct	O
Israeli	B-NORP
-	O
Palestinian	O
talks	O
,	O
which	O
the	O
premier	O
's	O
Likud	B-NORP
bloc	O
opposes	O
.	O


Cuba	B-GPE
was	O
elected	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
U.N.	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
since	O
its	O
Castro	B-PERSON
-	O
led	O
revolution	O
30	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
election	O
was	O
by	O
secret	O
ballot	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
did	O
n't	O
openly	O
oppose	O
Cuba	B-GPE
's	O
seating	O
as	O
the	O
Latin	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
council	O
delegate	O
.	O


Britain	B-GPE
's	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Thatcher	B-PERSON
told	O
a	O
Commonwealth	B-ORG
summit	O
in	O
Kuala	B-GPE
Lumpur	I-GPE
,	O
Malaysia	B-GPE
,	O
that	O
sanctions	O
against	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
were	O
``	O
utterly	O
irresponsible	O
,	O
''	O
officials	O
said	O
.	O


But	O
other	O
nations	O
at	O
the	O
opening	O
of	O
the	O
49	B-CARDINAL
-	O
nation	O
meeting	O
of	O
Britain	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
former	O
colonies	B-GPE
pressed	O
for	O
continued	O
or	O
stronger	O
embargoes	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
end	O
apartheid	O
.	O


Arab	B-NORP
officials	O
in	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
said	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
talks	O
by	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
lawmakers	O
aimed	O
at	O
ending	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
's	O
civil	O
war	O
appeared	O
about	O
to	O
collapse	O
.	O


Christian	B-NORP
legislators	O
are	O
insisting	O
on	O
a	O
Syrian	B-NORP
troop	O
pullout	O
from	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
before	O
agreeing	O
to	O
political	O
changes	O
giving	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
Moslems	B-NORP
a	O
greater	O
role	O
in	O
Beirut	B-GPE
's	O
government	O
.	O


Colombia	B-GPE
's	O
judges	O
launched	O
a	O
72	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
hour	I-DATE
strike	O
to	O
press	O
security	O
demands	O
following	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
's	O
murder	O
of	O
a	O
High	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
justice	O
in	O
Medellin	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
country	O
's	O
narcotics	O
traffickers	O
claimed	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
slaying	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
20,000	B-CARDINAL
judges	O
and	O
judicial	O
employees	O
joined	O
the	O
work	O
stoppage	O
.	O


In	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
indoor	O
air	O
-	O
pollution	O
cases	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
trial	O
,	O
a	O
state	O
-	O
court	O
jury	O
decided	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
the	O
defendant	O
,	O
Burlington	B-ORG
Industries	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
verdict	O
,	O
reached	O
late	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	O
Cincinnati	B-GPE
,	O
may	O
end	O
an	O
eight	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
legal	O
battle	O
for	O
the	O
Greensboro	B-GPE
,	O
N.C.	B-GPE
,	O
carpet	O
maker	O
.	O


Glenn	B-PERSON
and	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
Beebe	I-PERSON
of	O
Cincinnati	B-GPE
had	O
sued	O
the	O
com	O
-	O
pany	O
in	O
1981	B-DATE
after	O
installing	O
Burlington	B-ORG
carpets	O
in	O
their	O
office	O
.	O


The	O
Beebes	B-PERSON
alleged	O
that	O
toxic	O
fumes	O
from	O
the	O
carpets	O
made	O
them	O
sick	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
their	O
illness	O
,	O
the	O
Beebes	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
they	O
lost	O
$	B-MONEY
1.8	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
wages	O
and	O
earnings	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
that	O
months	B-DATE
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
the	O
chemicals	O
has	O
left	O
them	O
sensitive	O
to	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
commonly	O
used	O
substances	O
.	O


The	O
case	O
had	O
been	O
closely	O
watched	O
because	O
attorneys	O
anticipate	O
increasing	O
litigation	O
nationally	O
over	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
sick	O
-	O
building	O
syndrome	O
.	O


Plaintiffs	O
'	O
lawyers	O
say	O
that	O
buildings	O
become	O
``	O
sick	O
''	O
when	O
inadequate	O
fresh	O
air	O
and	O
poor	O
ventilation	O
systems	O
lead	O
pollutants	O
to	O
build	O
up	O
inside	O
.	O


Anthony	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
Iaciofano	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
lawyer	O
for	O
Burlington	B-ORG
,	O
said	O
the	O
company	O
believes	O
the	O
Beebes	B-PERSON
'	O
symptoms	O
were	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
carpeting	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
ill	O
effects	O
from	O
new	O
carpets	O
manifest	O
themselves	O
immediately	O
but	O
that	O
the	O
Beebes	B-PERSON
'	O
symptoms	O
appeared	O
months	B-DATE
later	I-DATE
.	O


Catherine	B-PERSON
Adams	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Beebes	B-PERSON
'	O
lawyer	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
verdict	O
would	O
not	O
discourage	O
other	O
plaintiffs	O
from	O
filing	O
such	O
suits	O
.	O


Scientists	O
are	O
only	O
beginning	O
to	O
understand	O
what	O
causes	O
sick	O
-	O
building	O
syndrome	O
and	O
much	O
of	O
that	O
research	O
was	O
unavailable	O
when	O
the	O
Beebes	B-PERSON
filed	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
she	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
Beebes	B-PERSON
now	O
believe	O
that	O
a	O
prime	O
culprit	O
for	O
their	O
injuries	O
was	O
fumes	O
from	O
an	O
adhesive	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
carpeting	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Beebes	B-PERSON
did	O
n't	O
come	O
to	O
that	O
conclusion	O
until	O
time	O
limits	O
had	O
elapsed	O
for	O
adding	O
the	O
adhesives	O
maker	O
as	O
a	O
defendant	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
Ms.	O
Adams	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


The	O
Beebes	B-PERSON
have	O
not	O
yet	O
decided	O
whether	O
to	O
appeal	O
.	O


TIMES	B-FAC
SQUARE	I-FAC
development	O
opponents	O
are	O
dealt	O
setback	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Appellate	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
State	I-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
dismissed	O
six	B-CARDINAL
lawsuits	O
attempting	O
to	O
block	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
2.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
project	O
planned	O
for	O
42nd	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
in	O
Manhattan	B-GPE
.	O


Opponents	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
had	O
claimed	O
that	O
the	O
city	O
and	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
are	O
co-sponsoring	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
had	O
failed	O
to	O
adhere	O
to	O
environmental	O
guidelines	O
.	O


All	O
but	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
40	B-CARDINAL
or	I-CARDINAL
so	I-CARDINAL
lawsuits	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
filed	O
since	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
1984	B-DATE
approval	O
have	O
been	O
dismissed	O
before	O
the	O
trial	O
stage	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
that	O
remain	O
have	O
n't	O
yet	O
reached	O
the	O
pre-trial	O
fact	O
-	O
finding	O
stage	O
.	O


State	O
officials	O
said	O
the	O
court	O
's	O
ruling	O
clears	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
proceedings	O
to	O
condemn	O
buildings	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
project	O
is	O
ready	O
to	O
move	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
State	B-ORG
Urban	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Vincent	B-PERSON
Tese	I-PERSON
.	O


But	O
developers	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
planned	O
office	O
towers	O
cautioned	O
that	O
obstacles	O
still	O
remain	O
.	O


As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
state	O
,	O
the	O
developers	O
--	O
a	O
partnership	O
of	O
Park	B-ORG
Tower	I-ORG
Realty	I-ORG
and	O
Prudential	B-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
--	O
said	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
proceed	O
with	O
condemnation	O
proceedings	O
while	O
there	O
was	O
``	O
significant	O
litigation	O
''	O
pending	O
.	O


Park	B-ORG
Tower	I-ORG
General	O
Counsel	O
Matthew	B-PERSON
Mayer	I-PERSON
said	O
the	O
development	O
team	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
review	O
two	B-CARDINAL
additional	O
lawsuits	O
before	O
putting	O
up	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
155	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
letter	O
of	O
credit	O
to	O
cover	O
condemnation	O
costs	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
the	O
partnership	O
is	O
waiting	O
to	O
see	O
whether	O
the	O
appellate	O
division	O
's	O
ruling	O
will	O
be	O
appealed	O
.	O


The	O
plan	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
plagued	O
with	O
delays	O
and	O
business	O
-	O
related	O
setbacks	O
,	O
seeks	O
to	O
transform	O
the	O
area	O
from	O
a	O
seedy	O
thoroughfare	O
to	O
a	O
more	O
wholesome	O
office	O
and	O
theater	O
district	O
.	O


State	O
and	O
city	O
officials	O
are	O
still	O
negotiating	O
with	O
developers	O
to	O
renovate	O
historic	O
theaters	O
and	O
build	O
and	O
operate	O
a	O
merchandise	O
mart	O
and	O
hotel	O
.	O


FEDERAL	O
JUDGE	O
EXPANDS	O
role	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
courts	O
in	O
extradition	O
decisions	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
District	O
Judge	O
Jack	B-PERSON
B.	I-PERSON
Weinstein	I-PERSON
of	O
Brooklyn	B-GPE
,	O
N.Y.	B-GPE
,	O
ruled	O
that	O
a	O
man	O
implicated	O
in	O
an	O
attack	O
on	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
passenger	O
bus	O
in	O
1986	B-DATE
can	O
be	O
extradited	O
to	O
Israel	B-GPE
for	O
trial	O
.	O


A	O
magistrate	O
had	O
initially	O
refused	O
the	O
request	O
,	O
ruling	O
that	O
the	O
attack	O
had	O
been	O
a	O
political	O
act	O
for	O
which	O
the	O
man	O
,	O
Mahmoud	B-PERSON
El	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Abed	I-PERSON
Ahmad	I-PERSON
,	O
would	O
be	O
exempt	O
from	O
extradition	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
Judge	O
Weinstein	B-PERSON
wrote	O
in	O
his	O
opinion	O
late	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
that	O
terrorism	O
and	O
acts	O
of	O
war	O
against	O
civilians	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
defined	O
as	O
political	O
acts	O
.	O


Judge	O
Weinstein	B-PERSON
also	O
ruled	O
that	O
judges	O
must	O
consider	O
prior	O
to	O
extradition	O
whether	O
the	O
defendant	O
will	O
be	O
treated	O
fairly	O
in	O
a	O
foreign	O
court	O
.	O


To	O
do	O
so	O
,	O
the	O
judge	O
said	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
courts	O
must	O
review	O
the	O
judicial	O
process	O
in	O
the	O
foreign	O
country	O
independently	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
assessment	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
he	O
concurred	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
decision	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Ahmad	B-PERSON
should	O
be	O
extradited	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Ahmad	B-PERSON
's	O
lawyer	O
said	O
he	O
would	O
appeal	O
.	O


Lawyers	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
case	O
said	O
they	O
believed	O
the	O
ruling	O
was	O
unprecedented	O
.	O


``	O
Up	O
until	O
now	O
the	O
courts	O
have	O
said	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
their	O
role	O
to	O
supervise	O
the	O
foreign	O
country	O
's	O
courts	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Jacques	B-PERSON
Semmelman	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
assistant	O
U.S.	B-GPE
attorney	O
on	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


FORMER	O
CANADIAN	B-NORP
AMBASSADOR	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
Allan	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
Gotlieb	I-PERSON
has	O
joined	O
the	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE
law	O
firm	O
of	O
Pepper	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Hamilton	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Scheetz	I-ORG
as	O
a	O
consultant	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Gotlieb	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
consultant	O
to	O
Stikeman	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Elliott	I-ORG
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Canada	B-GPE
's	O
biggest	O
law	O
firms	O
,	O
is	O
advising	O
Pepper	B-ORG
Hamilton	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Washington	B-GPE
office	O
on	O
legal	O
matters	O
related	O
to	O
Canadian	B-NORP
-	O
U.S.	O
investment	O
,	O
corporate	O
finance	O
and	O
international	O
transactions	O
.	O


QUOTABLE	O
:	O


In	O
a	O
speech	O
prepared	O
for	O
delivery	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
retired	O
Justice	O
Lewis	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
contested	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
the	O
last	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
term	O
marked	O
a	O
turn	O
toward	O
conservatism	O
:	O
``	O
Commentators	O
who	O
agreed	O
on	O
little	O
else	O
unanimously	O
proclaimed	O
a	O
`	O
shift	O
in	O
direction	O
'	O
on	O
the	O
court	O
...	O
.	O


I	O
take	O
these	O
pronouncements	O
,	O
like	O
many	O
that	O
have	O
preceded	O
them	O
in	O
past	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
a	O
grain	O
of	O
salt	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
era	O
of	O
`	O
sound	O
bites	O
'	O
and	O
instant	O
opinion	O
polls	O
it	O
is	O
dangerous	O
to	O
apply	O
broad	O
labels	O
to	O
a	O
single	O
term	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
During	O
its	B-DATE
centennial	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
The	B-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
will	O
report	O
events	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
that	O
stand	O
as	O
milestones	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
business	O
history	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


THE	B-EVENT
YOM	I-EVENT
KIPPUR	I-EVENT
WAR	I-EVENT
,	O
WHEN	O
EGYPT	B-GPE
CRASHED	O
into	O
Israel	B-GPE
on	O
Oct.	B-DATE
6	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1973	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-DATE
holiest	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
Jewish	B-NORP
calendar	O
,	O
lasted	O
barely	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
one	B-CARDINAL
far	O
-	O
afield	O
effect	O
is	O
still	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


The	O
Arab	B-NORP
states	O
,	O
always	O
bitterly	O
resentful	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
support	O
toward	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
realized	O
they	O
held	O
an	O
irresistable	O
weapon	O
--	O
oil	O
.	O


Early	O
in	O
October	B-DATE
,	O
six	B-CARDINAL
Arab	B-NORP
nations	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Persian	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
jacked	O
up	O
prices	O
sharply	O
.	O


On	O
Oct.	B-DATE
22	I-DATE
,	O
led	O
by	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
largest	O
exporter	O
,	O
they	O
embargoed	O
oil	O
shipments	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
to	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
staunchest	O
European	B-NORP
ally	O
.	O


The	O
timing	O
was	O
perfect	O
.	O


The	O
Arabs	B-NORP
had	O
tried	O
embargos	O
before	O
.	O


In	O
1956	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
Britain	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
and	O
Israel	B-GPE
invaded	O
Egypt	B-GPE
to	O
seize	O
the	O
Suez	O
Canal	O
,	O
Arab	B-NORP
producers	O
cut	O
off	O
supplies	O
to	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


Texas	B-GPE
simply	O
pumped	O
harder	O
.	O


U.S.	B-GPE
oil	O
supplies	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
had	O
peaked	O
in	O
1970	B-DATE
and	O
1971	B-DATE
and	O
by	O
1973	B-DATE
were	O
declining	O
.	O


Imports	O
,	O
then	O
six	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
,	O
came	O
primarily	O
from	O
Venezuela	B-GPE
and	O
Canada	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
Middle	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
supplies	O
were	O
growing	O
in	O
importance	O
.	O


By	O
1973	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
was	O
bringing	O
in	O
two	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
of	O
Arab	B-NORP
oil	O
a	O
day	O
,	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	B-QUANTITY
17.3	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
barrels	I-QUANTITY
consumed	O
daily	B-DATE
.	O


Politics	O
and	O
economics	O
conspired	O
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
and	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
far	O
more	O
dependent	O
on	O
Mideast	B-LOC
oil	O
than	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
would	O
n't	O
offend	O
the	O
Arabs	B-NORP
or	O
trade	O
off	O
their	O
precious	O
supplies	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
did	O
manage	O
to	O
supply	O
the	O
Dutch	B-NORP
with	O
oil	O
by	O
relabeling	O
supplies	O
;	O
once	O
oil	O
is	O
shipped	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
tell	O
its	O
source	O
.	O


But	O
car	O
-	O
happy	O
Americans	B-NORP
panicked	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
did	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
oil	O
-	O
consuming	O
governments	O
.	O


``	O
Shortage	O
''	O
and	O
``	O
crisis	O
''	O
became	O
buzz	O
words	O
,	O
although	O
neither	O
really	O
applied	O
.	O


The	O
spot	O
dislocations	O
that	O
showed	O
up	O
were	O
largely	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
confusion	O
-LRB-	O
much	O
of	O
it	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
though	O
that	O
was	O
cold	O
comfort	O
for	O
drivers	O
waiting	O
in	O
mile	B-QUANTITY
-	O
long	O
lines	O
at	O
the	O
gas	O
pumps	O
.	O


The	O
embargo	O
lasted	O
only	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
price	O
hikes	O
became	O
a	O
fact	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


What	O
the	O
Arabs	B-NORP
started	O
,	O
inflation	O
finished	O
.	O


Once	O
and	O
for	O
all	O
,	O
$	O
5	B-MONEY
-	O
a	O
-	O
barrel	O
crude	O
oil	O
and	O
35	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
-	O
a	O
-	O
gallon	O
gasoline	O
were	O
history	O
.	O


Prospect	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
,	O
whose	O
recent	O
hostile	O
tender	O
offer	O
for	O
Recognition	B-ORG
Equipment	I-ORG
Inc.	I-ORG
failed	O
for	O
lack	O
of	O
financing	O
,	O
apparently	O
has	O
gained	O
a	O
measure	O
of	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
troubled	O
company	O
anyway	O
.	O


As	O
part	O
of	O
what	O
a	O
Recognition	B-ORG
spokeswoman	O
termed	O
an	O
``	O
amiable	O
agreement	O
,	O
''	O
Prospect	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
will	O
wind	O
up	O
with	O
control	O
of	O
top	O
management	O
posts	O
and	O
an	O
increased	O
stake	O
in	O
the	O
maker	O
of	O
data	O
management	O
equipment	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
management	O
restructuring	O
,	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
L.	I-PERSON
Ringer	I-PERSON
resigned	O
as	O
chairman	O
,	O
chief	O
executive	O
and	O
a	O
director	O
,	O
while	O
Israel	B-PERSON
Sheinberg	I-PERSON
resigned	O
as	O
a	O
director	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Sheinberg	B-PERSON
remains	O
as	O
executive	O
vice	O
president	O
.	O


Thomas	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Hurley	I-PERSON
and	O
Robert	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Vanourek	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
designated	O
to	O
take	O
over	O
Recognition	B-ORG
's	O
top	O
spots	O
had	O
Prospect	B-ORG
's	O
tender	O
offer	O
succeeded	O
,	O
were	O
named	O
co-chief	O
executives	O
and	O
directors	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Hurley	B-PERSON
was	O
formerly	O
a	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
an	O
Avery	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
division	O
;	O
Mr.	O
Vanourek	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
former	O
group	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
Pitney	B-ORG
Bowes	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
agreement	O
calls	O
for	O
Gilbert	B-PERSON
H.	I-PERSON
Lamphere	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
Prospect	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
executive	O
committee	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
named	O
chairman	O
of	O
a	O
restructured	O
board	O
that	O
will	O
include	O
four	B-CARDINAL
new	O
independent	O
directors	O
.	O


Also	O
named	O
to	O
the	O
revised	O
board	O
was	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Loose	I-PERSON
,	O
Recognition	B-ORG
's	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
and	O
general	O
counsel	O
.	O


Prospect	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
-	O
based	O
leveraged	O
buy	O
-	O
out	O
firm	O
,	O
also	O
agreed	O
to	O
invest	O
$	B-MONEY
15	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
Recognition	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
agreed	O
to	O
repurchase	O
as	B-MONEY
much	I-MONEY
as	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
its	O
stock	O
.	O


That	O
would	O
increase	O
Prospect	B-ORG
's	O
ownership	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
fully	O
-	O
diluted	O
shares	O
outstanding	O
to	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
14.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Under	O
the	O
agreement	O
,	O
Prospect	B-ORG
is	O
permitted	O
to	O
increase	O
its	O
stake	O
in	O
Recognition	B-ORG
to	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Beyond	O
that	O
,	O
Prospect	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
would	O
n't	O
offer	O
to	O
acquire	O
additional	O
shares	O
for	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
11.25	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
or	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
14.06	I-MONEY
a	O
share	O
during	O
the	O
subsequent	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Recognition	B-ORG
also	O
said	O
it	O
obtained	O
a	O
commitment	O
from	O
Chemical	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
and	O
Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Boston	I-ORG
to	O
convert	O
an	B-MONEY
estimated	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
18	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
bank	O
debt	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
,	O
24	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
secured	O
term	O
loan	O
to	O
be	O
repaid	O
through	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
certain	O
assets	O
.	O


In	O
August	B-DATE
,	O
Recognition	B-ORG
said	O
it	O
was	O
in	O
violation	O
of	O
certain	O
terms	O
of	O
its	O
debt	O
agreements	O
with	O
bank	O
lenders	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
3.9	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
loss	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
July	I-DATE
31	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
company	O
attributed	O
the	O
loss	O
to	O
declining	O
revenue	O
and	O
litigation	O
costs	O
relating	O
to	O
criminal	O
charges	O
against	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
former	O
executives	O
,	O
William	B-PERSON
G.	I-PERSON
Moore	I-PERSON
Jr.	I-PERSON
and	O
Robert	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Reedy	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
former	O
executives	O
were	O
indicted	O
last	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
on	O
charges	O
of	O
fraud	O
,	O
theft	O
and	O
conspiracy	O
related	O
to	O
efforts	O
by	O
the	O
company	O
to	O
win	O
$	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
Postal	B-ORG
Service	I-ORG
contracts	O
.	O


Recognition	B-ORG
Equipment	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
expected	O
to	O
put	O
the	O
agreement	O
with	O
Prospect	B-ORG
to	O
a	O
vote	O
of	O
its	O
stockholders	O
at	O
a	O
special	O
meeting	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
composite	O
trading	O
,	O
Recognition	B-ORG
rose	O
87.5	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
to	O
$	O
6.625	B-MONEY
.	O


Prospect	B-ORG
slipped	O
25	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
to	O
$	O
10.50	B-MONEY
in	O
national	O
over	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
counter	O
trading	O
.	O


I	O
approached	O
``	O
Mastergate	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
Larry	B-PERSON
Gelbart	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
new	O
comedy	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Criterion	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
,	O
with	O
considerable	O
trepidation	O
.	O


Nothing	O
,	O
I	O
assumed	O
,	O
would	O
be	O
more	O
hopelessly	O
dated	O
than	O
a	O
political	O
satire	O
on	O
the	O
Iran	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Contra	I-EVENT
affair	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
underestimated	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
both	O
Mr.	O
Gelbart	B-PERSON
's	O
wit	O
and	O
the	O
persistence	O
of	O
scandal	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Though	O
the	O
play	O
clearly	O
is	O
framed	O
around	O
the	O
events	O
of	O
Iran	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Contra	I-EVENT
,	O
it	O
takes	O
in	O
the	O
wide	O
sweep	O
of	O
scandals	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
at	O
one	B-CARDINAL
point	O
Merry	B-PERSON
Chase	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Melinda	B-PERSON
Mullins	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
cool	O
,	O
carefully	O
coiffed	O
television	O
announcer	O
,	O
recites	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
a	O
dozen	B-CARDINAL
or	O
more	O
scandals	O
of	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
concluding	O
with	O
those	O
affecting	O
the	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Housing	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Urban	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
savings	O
and	O
loan	O
industry	O
.	O


Onstage	O
,	O
a	O
congressional	O
hearing	O
is	O
in	O
progress	O
,	O
complete	O
with	O
elegant	O
crystal	O
chandelier	O
overhead	O
and	O
a	O
lifesize	O
reproduction	O
of	O
the	O
signing	O
of	O
the	O
Constitution	B-LAW
in	O
the	O
background	O
.	O


The	O
witness	O
table	O
is	O
center	O
stage	O
and	O
below	O
it	O
,	O
the	O
paraphernalia	O
for	O
the	O
ever	O
-	O
present	O
media	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
TNN	B-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Total	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
Network	I-ORG
.	O


Not	O
only	O
are	O
there	O
camera	O
operators	O
on	O
all	O
sides	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
proceedings	O
are	O
shown	O
on	O
monitors	O
throughout	O
the	O
theater	O
.	O


The	O
metaphor	O
of	O
theater	O
is	O
not	O
entirely	O
coincidental	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Gelbart	B-PERSON
clearly	O
feels	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
participants	O
in	O
a	O
congressional	O
hearing	O
--	O
the	O
witnesses	O
,	O
the	O
lawyers	O
,	O
the	O
interrogators	O
and	O
the	O
news	O
media	O
--	O
are	O
performers	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
``	O
Mastergate	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
unfolds	O
,	O
we	O
learn	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Internal	I-ORG
Revenue	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
confiscated	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
a	O
foreign	O
financier	O
who	O
owes	O
the	O
government	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
in	O
taxes	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
,	O
has	O
a	O
Lichtenstein	B-GPE
corporation	O
,	O
licensed	O
in	O
Libya	B-GPE
and	O
sheltered	O
in	O
the	O
Bahamas	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
himself	O
lives	O
in	O
a	O
``	O
consecutive	O
series	O
of	O
unnumbered	O
houses	O
in	O
a	O
town	O
in	O
Switzerland	B-GPE
.	O
''	O


The	O
property	O
seized	O
by	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
is	O
a	O
Hollywood	B-GPE
film	O
studio	O
,	O
Master	B-ORG
Pictures	I-ORG
Incorporated	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
MPI	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Supposedly	O
the	O
IRS	B-ORG
will	O
sell	O
off	O
the	O
assets	O
of	O
MPI	B-ORG
,	O
but	O
before	O
it	O
can	O
,	O
a	O
lowly	O
IRS	B-ORG
agent	O
is	O
called	O
into	O
the	O
hospital	O
room	O
of	O
Wylie	B-PERSON
Slaughter	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
dying	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
lowly	O
agent	O
,	O
Abel	B-PERSON
Lamb	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
as	O
you	O
might	O
guess	O
,	O
is	O
being	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
slaughter	O
,	O
is	O
ordered	O
to	O
take	O
over	O
the	O
studio	O
.	O


Soon	O
the	O
studio	O
is	O
producing	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
picture	O
called	O
``	O
Tet	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Motion	I-WORK_OF_ART
Picture	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
to	O
distinguish	O
it	O
from	O
``	O
Tet	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Offensive	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
``	O
Tet	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Book	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
and	O
``	O
Tet	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Album	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


The	O
picture	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
Central	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
country	O
of	O
San	B-GPE
Elvador	I-GPE
,	O
is	O
a	O
cover	O
for	O
sending	O
$	B-MONEY
800	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
of	O
arms	O
to	O
Los	B-ORG
Otros	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
rebel	O
group	O
attempting	O
to	O
regain	O
neighboring	O
Ambigua	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
taken	O
over	O
by	O
the	O
leftist	O
dictator	O
Dr.	O
Overtega	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
podiatrist	O
,	O
who	O
leads	O
a	O
revolutionary	O
band	O
of	O
foot	O
soldiers	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
handling	O
all	O
this	O
for	O
the	O
now	O
-	O
deceased	O
Slaughter	B-PERSON
is	O
Major	O
Manley	B-PERSON
Battle	I-PERSON
,	O
Mr.	O
Gelbart	B-PERSON
's	O
stand	O
in	O
for	O
Col.	O
Oliver	B-PERSON
North	I-PERSON
.	O


Director	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Engler	I-PERSON
has	O
assembled	O
a	O
top	O
-	O
flight	O
cast	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
the	O
impersonations	O
of	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
political	O
figures	O
and	O
to	O
play	O
the	O
stock	O
characters	O
who	O
invariably	O
show	O
up	O
at	O
congressional	O
hearings	O
.	O


Daniel	B-PERSON
von	I-PERSON
Bargen	I-PERSON
is	O
ramrod	O
-	O
stiff	O
but	O
totally	O
assured	O
as	O
Major	O
Battle	B-PERSON
,	O
mixing	O
just	O
the	O
right	O
brand	O
of	O
self	O
-	O
righteousness	O
and	O
patriotism	O
;	O
Jeff	B-PERSON
Weiss	I-PERSON
is	O
fire	O
,	O
brimstone	O
and	O
teary	O
-	O
eyed	O
emotionalism	O
as	O
the	O
far	O
-	O
right	O
senator	O
who	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
friendly	O
interrogator	O
of	O
Major	O
Battle	B-PERSON
;	O
Zach	B-PERSON
Grenier	I-PERSON
is	O
maddeningly	O
officious	O
playing	O
a	O
succession	O
of	O
lawyers	O
;	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
Daly	I-PERSON
has	O
the	O
perfect	O
``	O
aw	O
,	O
shucks	O
''	O
demeanor	O
of	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
in	O
his	O
portrayal	O
of	O
the	O
vice	O
president	O
;	O
and	O
Ann	B-PERSON
McDonough	I-PERSON
is	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
rate	O
as	O
a	O
succession	O
of	O
witnesses	O
'	O
wives	O
.	O


With	O
one	O
she	O
is	O
pregnant	O
,	O
with	O
Major	O
Battle	B-PERSON
she	O
is	O
knitting	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
flag	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
the	O
vice	O
president	O
's	O
wife	O
she	O
rushes	O
in	O
with	O
white	O
hair	O
,	O
wearing	O
a	O
tailored	O
suit	O
and	O
pearls	O
,	O
imitating	O
Barbara	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
gestures	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
last	O
detail	O
.	O


Though	O
it	O
's	O
clear	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Gelbart	B-PERSON
's	O
sympathies	O
do	O
not	O
lie	O
with	O
the	O
far	O
right	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
also	O
true	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
evenhanded	O
in	O
dispensing	O
his	O
satirical	O
jabs	O
,	O
taking	O
sharp	O
aim	O
at	O
senators	O
and	O
congressmen	O
of	O
all	O
stripes	O
and	O
particularly	O
at	O
the	O
media	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Gelbart	B-PERSON
also	O
has	O
fun	O
with	O
language	O
.	O


``	O
Mastergate	B-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
is	O
subtitled	O
``	O
a	O
play	O
on	O
words	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
Mr.	O
Gelbart	B-PERSON
plays	O
that	O
game	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
anyone	O
.	O


He	O
describes	O
a	O
Mastergate	B-WORK_OF_ART
flunky	O
as	O
one	O
who	O
experienced	O
a	O
``	O
meteoric	O
disappearance	O
''	O
and	O
found	O
himself	O
``	O
handling	O
blanket	O
appeals	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Indian	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
.	O
''	O


This	O
interest	O
in	O
words	O
goes	O
beyond	O
puns	O
and	O
playfulness	O
,	O
however	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Gelbart	B-PERSON
deplores	O
the	O
obfuscation	O
,	O
the	O
circumlocution	O
and	O
the	O
debasement	O
of	O
language	O
he	O
sees	O
on	O
all	O
sides	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
hearings	O
begin	O
,	O
the	O
self	O
-	O
important	O
Sen.	O
Bowman	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Jerome	B-PERSON
Kilty	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
announces	O
:	O
``	O
Let	O
me	O
emphaticize	O
one	O
thing	O
at	O
the	O
outset	O
:	O
We	O
are	O
not	O
looking	O
for	O
hides	O
to	O
skin	O
nor	O
goats	O
to	O
scape	O
.	O
''	O


Major	O
Battle	B-PERSON
himself	O
speaks	O
in	O
pure	O
Pentagonese	B-LANGUAGE
:	O
``	O
Without	O
further	O
monetary	O
-	O
stroke	O
-	O
military	O
aid	O
,	O
scores	O
of	O
Ambiguan	B-NORP
freedom	O
lovers	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
gone	O
way	O
out	O
on	O
their	O
life	O
and	O
limbs	O
for	O
us	O
,	O
were	O
literally	O
cut	O
off	O
at	O
the	O
knees	O
without	O
a	O
paddle	O
.	O
''	O


At	O
another	O
point	O
he	O
intones	O
:	O
``	O
Publicity	O
is	O
a	O
small	O
price	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
secrecy	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
evening	B-TIME
is	O
short	O
--	O
95	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
without	O
an	O
intermission	O
--	O
but	O
even	O
so	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
play	O
progresses	O
the	O
thrust	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Gelbart	B-PERSON
's	O
satire	O
loses	O
its	O
sharpness	O
as	O
his	O
targets	O
pop	O
up	O
ever	O
more	O
predictably	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
evening	B-TIME
,	O
though	O
,	O
is	O
filled	O
with	O
rare	O
and	O
welcome	O
wit	O
.	O


In	O
``	O
Mastergate	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Gelbart	B-PERSON
has	O
provided	O
us	O
not	O
just	O
one	B-CARDINAL
but	O
two	B-CARDINAL
commodities	O
that	O
have	O
all	O
but	O
disappeared	O
from	O
the	O
Broadway	B-FAC
theater	O
:	O
sharp	O
political	O
satire	O
and	O
an	O
even	O
sharper	O
appreciation	O
of	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
language	O
.	O


Loral	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
said	O
it	O
received	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
325	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
order	O
from	O
Turkey	B-GPE
's	O
Ministry	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
largest	O
contract	O
the	O
company	O
ever	O
has	O
received	O
.	O


Loral	B-ORG
will	O
provide	O
to	O
Turkey	B-GPE
an	O
electronic	O
countermeasures	O
system	O
for	O
its	O
fleet	O
of	O
F	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
16	I-PRODUCT
aircraft	O
.	O


The	O
system	O
provides	O
radar	O
-	O
threat	O
warning	O
and	O
electronic	O
jamming	O
capabilities	O
.	O


The	O
defense	O
electronics	O
maker	O
said	O
delivery	O
will	O
begin	O
in	O
October	B-DATE
1991	I-DATE
and	O
run	O
through	O
mid-1995	B-DATE
.	O


Loral	B-ORG
said	O
the	O
contract	O
with	O
Turkey	B-GPE
will	O
provide	O
opportunities	O
for	O
Loral	B-ORG
to	O
supply	O
that	O
country	O
with	O
other	O
defense	O
systems	O
.	O


When	O
Maj.	O
Moises	B-PERSON
Giroldi	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
abortive	O
coup	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
,	O
was	O
buried	O
,	O
his	O
body	O
bore	O
several	O
gunshot	O
wounds	O
,	O
a	O
cracked	O
skull	O
and	O
broken	O
legs	O
and	O
ribs	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
the	O
signature	O
of	O
his	O
adversary	O
,	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
leader	O
Manuel	B-PERSON
Antonio	I-PERSON
Noriega	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
rebel	O
officer	O
's	O
slow	O
and	O
painful	O
death	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
headquarters	O
of	O
Panama	B-GPE
's	O
Battalion	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
2000	I-ORG
squad	O
,	O
was	O
personally	O
supervised	O
by	O
Gen.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
,	O
says	O
a	O
U.S.	B-GPE
official	O
with	O
access	O
to	O
intelligence	O
reports	O
.	O


Leaping	O
into	O
rages	O
,	O
sinking	O
into	O
bouts	O
of	O
drunkenness	O
and	O
mistrust	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
has	O
put	O
to	O
death	O
some	B-CARDINAL
70	I-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
troops	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
coup	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
monitoring	O
crematoriums	O
and	O
funeral	O
parlors	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


He	O
is	O
now	O
changing	O
the	O
place	O
he	O
sleeps	O
every	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
sometimes	O
more	O
than	O
once	O
a	O
night	O
.	O


His	O
meals	O
are	O
most	O
often	O
prepared	O
by	O
women	O
he	O
trusts	O
--	O
his	O
full	O
-	O
time	O
mistress	O
,	O
Vicky	B-PERSON
Amado	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
her	O
mother	O
,	O
Norma	B-PERSON
.	O


And	O
he	O
is	O
collecting	O
the	O
names	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
telephoned	O
the	O
coup	O
-	O
makers	O
to	O
congratulate	O
them	O
during	O
their	O
brief	O
time	O
in	O
control	O
of	O
his	O
headquarters	O
.	O


More	O
enemies	O
to	O
be	O
dealt	O
with	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
since	O
the	O
rebellion	O
,	O
which	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
hesitantly	O
backed	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
has	O
been	O
at	O
his	O
most	O
brutal	O
-	O
and	O
efficient	O
-	O
in	O
maintaining	O
power	O
.	O


Yet	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
failed	O
coup	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
U.S.	B-GPE
foreign	O
policy	O
embarrassment	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
merely	O
the	O
latest	O
chapter	O
in	O
a	O
byzantine	O
relationship	O
between	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
and	O
Washington	B-GPE
that	O
stretches	O
back	O
three	B-DATE
decades	I-DATE
.	O


America	B-GPE
's	O
war	O
on	O
the	O
dictator	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
following	O
his	O
indictment	O
on	O
drug	O
charges	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
the	O
legacy	O
of	O
that	O
relationship	O
.	O


Before	O
American	B-NORP
foreign	O
policy	O
set	O
out	O
to	O
destroy	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
,	O
it	O
helped	O
create	O
him	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
crucible	O
of	O
Panama	B-GPE
's	O
long	O
history	O
of	O
conspirators	O
and	O
pirates	O
.	O


For	O
most	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
marriage	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
convenience	O
.	O


In	O
1960	B-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
when	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
was	O
both	O
a	O
cadet	O
at	O
an	O
elite	O
military	O
academy	O
in	O
Peru	B-GPE
and	O
a	O
spy	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
training	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
was	O
detained	O
by	O
Lima	B-GPE
authorities	O
for	O
allegedly	O
raping	O
and	O
savagely	O
beating	O
a	O
prostitute	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Embassy	I-ORG
cable	O
from	O
that	B-DATE
period	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
woman	O
had	O
nearly	O
died	O
.	O


But	O
U.S.	B-GPE
intelligence	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
rein	O
in	O
or	O
cut	O
loose	O
its	O
new	O
spy	O
,	O
merely	O
filed	O
the	O
report	O
away	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
tips	O
on	O
emerging	O
leftists	O
at	O
his	O
school	O
were	O
deemed	O
more	O
important	O
to	O
U.S.	B-GPE
interests	O
.	O


From	O
that	O
point	O
on	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
would	O
make	O
a	O
practice	O
of	O
overlooking	O
the	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
's	O
misadventures	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
has	O
befriended	O
and	O
later	O
turned	O
against	O
many	O
dictators	O
,	O
but	O
none	O
quite	O
so	O
resourceful	O
.	O


The	O
55	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
is	O
n't	O
as	O
smooth	O
as	O
the	O
shah	O
of	O
Iran	B-GPE
,	O
as	O
well	O
-	O
born	O
as	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
's	O
Anastasio	B-PERSON
Somoza	I-PERSON
,	O
as	O
imperial	O
as	O
Ferdinand	B-PERSON
Marcos	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
Philippines	B-GPE
or	O
as	O
bloody	O
as	O
Haiti	B-GPE
's	O
Baby	B-PERSON
Doc	I-PERSON
Duvalier	I-PERSON
.	O


Yet	O
he	O
has	O
proved	O
more	O
resilient	O
than	O
any	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
out	O
of	O
necessity	O
:	O
The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
can	O
make	O
mistakes	O
and	O
still	O
hope	O
to	O
remove	O
him	O
from	O
power	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
single	O
error	O
on	O
his	O
part	O
could	O
cost	O
him	O
his	O
life	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
underestimated	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
all	O
along	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Ambler	B-PERSON
Moss	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
Ambassador	O
to	O
Panama	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
He	O
has	O
mastered	O
the	O
art	O
of	O
survival	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
keeping	O
with	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
long	O
history	O
of	O
propping	O
up	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
,	O
recent	O
U.S.	B-GPE
actions	O
have	O
extended	O
rather	O
than	O
shortened	O
his	O
survival	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
might	O
have	O
fallen	O
of	O
his	O
own	O
weight	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
because	O
of	O
Panama	B-GPE
's	O
dire	O
economic	O
situation	O
,	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Moss	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
increasing	O
external	O
pressure	O
has	O
only	O
given	O
him	O
additional	O
excuses	O
for	O
repression	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
scapegoat	O
for	O
his	O
own	O
mismanagement	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
had	O
sat	O
back	O
and	O
done	O
nothing	O
,	O
he	O
might	O
not	O
have	O
made	O
it	O
through	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Moss	B-PERSON
contends	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
most	O
important	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
allies	O
have	O
intervened	O
to	O
encourage	O
--	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
to	O
demand	O
--	O
that	O
the	O
dictator	O
maintain	O
his	O
grip	O
of	O
the	O
throne	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
Colombian	B-NORP
drug	O
boss	O
,	O
upon	O
hearing	O
in	O
1987	B-DATE
that	O
Gen.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
was	O
negotiating	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
to	O
abandon	O
his	O
command	O
for	O
a	O
comfortable	O
exile	O
,	O
sent	O
him	O
a	O
hand	O
-	O
sized	O
mahogany	O
coffin	O
engraved	O
with	O
his	O
name	O
.	O


``	O
He	O
is	O
cornered	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
the	O
Rev.	O
Fernando	B-PERSON
Guardia	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
has	O
led	O
Catholic	B-ORG
Church	I-ORG
opposition	O
against	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
The	O
Americans	B-NORP
have	O
left	O
him	O
without	O
a	O
way	O
out	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
easy	O
to	O
fight	O
when	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
other	O
option	O
.	O
''	O


His	O
chief	O
advantage	O
in	O
the	O
fight	O
:	O
his	O
intimate	O
knowledge	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
ways	O
and	O
weaknesses	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
often	O
tells	O
friends	O
that	O
patience	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
weapon	O
against	O
the	O
gringos	O
,	O
who	O
have	O
a	O
short	O
attention	O
span	O
and	O
little	O
stomach	O
for	O
lasting	O
confrontation	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
discovered	O
the	O
young	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Noriega	I-PERSON
in	O
late	O
1959	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
his	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
at	O
the	B-ORG
Chorrillos	I-ORG
Military	I-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
in	O
Lima	B-GPE
,	O
according	O
to	O
former	O
U.S.	B-GPE
intelligence	O
officials	O
.	O


The	O
contact	O
occurred	O
through	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
half	O
-	O
brother	O
,	O
a	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
diplomat	O
based	O
in	O
Peru	B-GPE
named	O
Luis	B-PERSON
Carlos	I-PERSON
Noriega	I-PERSON
Hurtado	I-PERSON
.	O


Luis	B-PERSON
Carlos	I-PERSON
,	O
knowing	O
that	O
helping	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
could	O
advance	O
the	O
career	O
of	O
any	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
officer	O
,	O
relayed	O
Tony	B-PERSON
's	O
reports	O
on	O
the	O
leftist	O
tendencies	O
he	O
observed	O
among	O
his	O
fellow	O
students	O
and	O
,	O
more	O
important	O
,	O
among	O
his	O
officers	O
and	O
instructors	O
.	O


A	O
spy	O
was	O
born	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
heady	O
experience	O
for	O
the	O
pockmarked	O
and	O
slightly	O
built	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
known	O
to	O
his	O
friends	O
as	O
Cara	B-PERSON
la	I-PERSON
Pina	I-PERSON
--	O
pineapple	O
face	O
.	O


Born	O
the	O
illegitimate	O
son	O
of	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
maid	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
raised	O
on	O
the	O
mean	O
streets	O
of	O
the	O
central	O
market	O
district	O
of	O
Panama	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


Tony	B-PERSON
was	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
older	O
than	O
most	O
of	O
his	O
fellow	O
cadets	O
,	O
and	O
gained	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
academy	O
because	O
his	O
brother	O
had	O
falsified	O
his	O
birth	O
certificate	O
.	O


He	O
considered	O
himself	O
intellectually	O
superior	O
to	O
his	O
Peruvian	B-NORP
peers	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
whom	O
were	O
wayward	O
sons	O
sent	O
by	O
their	O
well	O
-	O
off	O
families	O
to	O
the	O
highly	O
disciplined	O
,	O
French	B-NORP
-	O
modeled	O
academy	O
as	O
a	O
sort	O
of	O
reform	O
school	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
peaked	O
military	O
cap	O
and	O
neatly	O
pressed	O
,	O
French	B-NORP
-	O
made	O
uniform	O
,	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
felt	O
more	O
respected	O
and	O
powerful	O
than	O
ever	O
in	O
his	O
underprivileged	O
life	O
,	O
friends	O
from	O
the	O
period	O
say	O
.	O


``	O
He	O
had	O
an	O
elegant	O
uniform	O
with	O
gold	O
buttons	O
in	O
a	O
country	O
where	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
cult	O
of	O
militarism	O
,	O
where	O
officers	O
were	O
the	O
elite	O
with	O
special	O
privileges	O
,	O
''	O
recalls	O
Darien	B-PERSON
Ayala	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
fellow	O
student	O
in	O
Peru	B-GPE
and	O
a	O
lifelong	O
friend	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
relationship	O
to	O
American	B-NORP
intelligence	O
agencies	O
became	O
contractual	O
in	O
either	O
1966	B-DATE
or	O
1967	B-DATE
,	O
intelligence	O
officials	O
say	O
.	O


His	O
commanding	O
officer	O
at	O
the	O
Chiriqui	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
garrison	O
,	O
Major	O
Omar	B-PERSON
Torrijos	I-PERSON
,	O
gave	O
him	O
an	O
intriguing	O
assignment	O
:	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
would	O
organize	O
the	O
province	O
's	O
first	O
intelligence	O
service	O
.	O


The	O
spy	O
network	O
would	O
serve	O
two	B-CARDINAL
clients	O
:	O
the	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
by	O
monitoring	O
political	O
opponents	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
by	O
tracking	O
the	O
growing	O
Communist	B-NORP
influence	O
in	O
the	O
unions	B-ORG
organized	O
at	O
United	B-ORG
Fruit	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
banana	O
plantations	O
in	O
Bocas	B-GPE
del	I-GPE
Toros	I-GPE
and	O
Puerto	B-GPE
Armuelles	I-GPE
.	O


United	B-ORG
Fruit	I-ORG
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
largest	O
contributors	O
to	O
Panama	B-GPE
's	O
national	O
income	O
.	O


Satisfying	O
its	O
interests	O
was	O
a	O
priority	O
for	O
any	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
leader	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
initial	O
retainer	O
was	O
only	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
a	O
month	O
,	O
plus	O
occasional	O
gifts	O
of	O
liquor	O
or	O
groceries	O
from	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
PX	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
former	O
intelligence	O
official	O
says	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
modest	O
pay	O
by	O
American	B-NORP
standards	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
healthy	O
boost	O
to	O
his	O
small	O
military	O
salary	O
,	O
which	O
fellow	O
officers	O
remember	O
as	O
having	O
been	O
$	B-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
monthly	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
He	O
did	O
it	O
very	O
well	O
,	O
''	O
recalls	O
Boris	B-PERSON
Martinez	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
colonel	O
who	O
managed	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
operation	O
.	O


``	O
He	O
started	O
building	O
the	O
files	O
that	O
helped	O
him	O
gain	O
power	O
.	O
''	O


A	O
National	B-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
job	O
assumed	O
by	O
Capt.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
in	O
1964	B-DATE
--	O
as	O
chief	O
of	O
the	O
transit	O
police	O
in	O
David	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
capital	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Chiriqui	I-GPE
Province	I-GPE
--	O
was	O
tailor	O
-	O
made	O
for	O
an	O
aspiring	O
super-spy	O
.	O


By	O
pressuring	O
taxi	O
and	O
bus	O
drivers	O
who	O
needed	O
licenses	O
,	O
he	O
gained	O
a	O
ready	O
cache	O
of	O
information	O
.	O


He	O
knew	O
which	O
local	O
luminaries	O
had	O
been	O
caught	O
driving	O
drunk	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
found	O
with	O
their	O
mistresses	O
.	O


This	O
proved	O
particularly	O
valuable	O
to	O
the	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
government	O
in	O
1967	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
union	O
leaders	O
were	O
planning	O
a	O
May	B-DATE
Day	I-DATE
march	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
feared	O
could	O
turn	O
violent	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
had	O
learned	O
that	O
a	O
local	O
union	O
leader	O
was	O
sleeping	O
with	O
the	O
wife	O
of	O
his	O
deputy	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
splashed	O
the	O
information	O
on	O
handbills	O
that	O
he	O
distributed	O
throughout	O
the	O
banana	O
-	O
exporting	O
city	O
of	O
Puerto	B-GPE
Armuelles	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
was	O
ruled	O
by	O
United	B-ORG
Fruit	I-ORG
Co	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
campaign	O
so	O
divided	O
union	O
leaders	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
found	O
them	O
far	O
easier	O
to	O
control	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
was	O
like	O
a	O
play	O
on	O
Broadway	B-FAC
,	O
''	O
recalls	O
Mr.	O
Martinez	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
managed	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
superb	O
.	O


Noriega	B-PERSON
was	O
an	O
expert	O
at	O
bribing	O
and	O
blackmailing	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


During	O
his	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
Chiriqui	B-GPE
,	O
however	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
also	O
revealed	O
himself	O
as	O
an	O
officer	O
as	O
perverse	O
as	O
he	O
was	O
ingenious	O
.	O


Rodrigo	B-PERSON
Miranda	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
local	O
lawyer	O
and	O
human	O
-	O
rights	O
monitor	O
,	O
recalls	O
an	O
intoxicated	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
visiting	O
prisoners	O
in	O
their	O
cells	O
at	O
the	O
5th	B-FAC
Zone	I-FAC
Garrison	I-FAC
headquarters	O
in	O
David	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
he	O
had	O
his	O
offices	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
would	O
order	O
them	O
all	O
to	O
take	O
off	O
their	O
clothes	O
and	O
run	O
around	O
the	O
courtyard	O
naked	O
,	O
laughing	O
at	O
them	O
and	O
then	O
retreating	O
to	O
his	O
office	O
.	O


``	O
People	O
started	O
wondering	O
if	O
something	O
was	O
wrong	O
with	O
him	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Miranda	B-PERSON
recalls	O
.	O


But	O
through	O
this	O
period	O
,	O
so	O
far	O
as	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
military	O
was	O
concerned	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
model	O
recruit	O
.	O


He	O
signed	O
up	O
for	O
intelligence	O
and	O
counter-intelligence	O
training	O
under	O
American	B-NORP
officers	O
at	O
Fort	B-FAC
Gulick	I-FAC
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
in	O
July	B-DATE
1967	I-DATE
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
a	O
1983	B-DATE
resume	O
with	O
details	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
has	O
since	O
classified	O
as	O
secret	O
.	O


He	O
flew	O
to	O
Fort	B-GPE
Bragg	I-GPE
,	O
N.C.	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
that	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
for	O
a	O
course	O
in	O
psychological	O
operations	O
,	O
returning	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Americas	I-ORG
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
for	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
course	O
called	O
``	O
military	O
intelligence	O
for	O
officers	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
American	B-NORP
officers	O
interpreted	O
his	O
eagerness	O
and	O
studiousness	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
of	O
loyalty	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
did	O
so	O
falsely	O
.	O


He	O
rose	O
to	O
chief	O
of	O
intelligence	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
's	O
socalled	O
G	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
2	I-ORG
in	O
1970	B-DATE
after	O
providing	O
populist	O
dictator	O
Torrijos	B-PERSON
the	O
critical	O
support	O
to	O
defeat	O
a	O
coup	O
attempt	O
against	O
him	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
became	O
Gen.	O
Torrijos	B-PERSON
's	O
inseparable	O
shadow	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
holder	O
of	O
all	O
Panama	B-GPE
's	O
secrets	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
,	O
by	O
now	O
a	O
lieutenant	O
colonel	O
,	O
expanded	O
his	O
contacts	O
to	O
include	O
the	O
Cubans	B-NORP
--	O
not	O
to	O
mention	O
the	O
Israelis	B-NORP
,	O
the	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
and	O
any	O
other	O
intelligence	O
service	O
that	O
came	O
knocking	O
.	O


When	O
U.S.	B-GPE
diplomats	O
complained	O
to	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
of	O
Col.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
moonlighting	O
,	O
intelligence	O
experts	O
always	O
insisted	O
that	O
his	O
allegiance	O
was	O
first	O
to	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
.	O


``	O
Early	O
on	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
we	O
took	O
to	O
calling	O
him	O
the	O
rent	O
-	O
a	O
-	O
colonel	O
,	O
in	O
tribute	O
to	O
his	O
ability	O
to	O
simultaneously	O
milk	O
the	O
antagonistic	O
intelligence	O
services	O
of	O
Cuba	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
''	O
recalls	O
Francis	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
McNeil	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
,	O
as	O
deputy	O
assistant	O
secretary	O
of	O
state	O
for	O
inter-American	B-NORP
affairs	O
,	O
first	O
ran	O
across	O
reports	O
about	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
in	O
1977	B-DATE
.	O


``	O
Some	O
of	O
us	O
wondered	O
how	O
our	O
intelligence	O
people	O
could	O
put	O
so	O
much	O
stock	O
in	O
his	O
information	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
just	O
as	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
Cubans	B-NORP
.	O
''	O


Even	O
at	O
this	O
early	O
stage	O
,	O
drugs	O
caused	O
additional	O
concerns	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
administration	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Drug	I-ORG
Enforcement	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
became	O
dismayed	O
at	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
G	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
2	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
connections	O
to	O
arrested	O
drug	O
traffickers	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
DEA	B-ORG
agent	O
drew	O
up	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
options	O
for	O
dealing	O
with	O
Col.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
which	O
was	O
assassination	O
.	O


The	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
DEA	B-ORG
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
John	B-PERSON
Ingersoll	I-PERSON
,	O
scotched	O
the	O
assassination	O
plan	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
did	O
fly	O
to	O
Panama	B-GPE
to	O
scold	O
dictator	O
Torrijos	B-PERSON
on	O
the	O
drug	O
ties	O
of	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
officials	O
,	O
including	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Ingersoll	B-PERSON
later	O
recalled	O
that	O
Gen.	O
Torrijos	B-PERSON
seemed	O
afraid	O
to	O
act	O
on	O
the	O
concerns	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
Everybody	O
was	O
afraid	O
of	O
him	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Ingersoll	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
became	O
an	O
even	O
greater	O
threat	O
in	O
1976	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
U.S.	B-GPE
intelligence	O
services	O
discovered	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
buying	O
recordings	O
of	O
electronically	O
monitored	O
conversations	O
from	O
three	B-CARDINAL
sergeants	O
working	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
470th	B-ORG
Military	I-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
tapes	O
included	O
wiretaps	O
of	O
Gen.	O
Torrijos	B-PERSON
's	O
own	O
phone	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
American	B-NORP
intelligence	O
officials	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
caught	O
him	O
with	O
his	O
hands	O
on	O
our	O
cookie	O
jar	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
former	O
CIA	B-ORG
Director	O
Stansfield	B-PERSON
Turner	I-PERSON
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
time	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
considered	O
cutting	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
from	O
its	O
intelligence	O
payroll	O
--	O
and	O
the	O
deliberations	O
were	O
intense	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Turner	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
intelligence	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
information	O
,	O
you	O
get	O
it	O
from	O
seedy	O
characters	O
.	O


The	O
question	O
is	O
how	O
much	O
you	O
get	O
tied	O
in	O
with	O
seedy	O
characters	O
so	O
they	O
can	O
extort	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Intelligence	B-ORG
officials	O
to	O
this	O
day	O
worry	O
whether	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
sold	O
sensitive	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
recordings	O
to	O
the	O
Cubans	B-NORP
or	O
others	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Turner	B-PERSON
was	O
troubled	O
enough	O
to	O
cancel	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
contract	O
with	O
the	O
rent	O
-	O
a	O
-	O
colonel	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
Carter	B-PERSON
administration	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
soon	O
found	O
new	O
cause	O
for	O
concern	O
:	O
gun	O
-	O
running	O
.	O


Prosecutors	O
in	O
Southern	B-LOC
Florida	I-LOC
indicted	O
five	B-CARDINAL
Panamanians	B-NORP
on	O
charges	O
of	O
illegally	O
running	O
arms	O
to	O
Sandinista	B-NORP
rebels	O
trying	O
to	O
overthrow	O
the	O
Nicaraguan	B-NORP
government	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Somoza	B-PERSON
.	O


They	O
included	O
one	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
closest	O
friends	O
and	O
business	O
partners	O
,	O
Carlos	B-PERSON
Wittgreen	I-PERSON
.	O


And	O
the	O
investigators	O
were	O
quickly	O
closing	O
in	O
on	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
himself	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
in	O
1979	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
was	O
once	O
again	O
flirting	O
with	O
its	O
longtime	O
Latin	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
spy	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
made	O
plans	O
to	O
fly	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
for	O
a	O
meeting	O
with	O
his	O
counterpart	O
at	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
.	O


Dade	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
and	O
federal	O
authorities	O
,	O
learning	O
that	O
he	O
intended	O
to	O
fly	O
through	O
Miami	B-GPE
,	O
made	O
plans	O
to	O
arrest	O
him	O
on	O
the	O
gun	O
-	O
running	O
charges	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
he	O
hit	O
U.S.	B-GPE
soil	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
Friday	B-DATE
in	O
June	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
foiled	O
the	O
plan	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
military	O
officers	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
word	O
was	O
passed	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
by	O
his	O
American	B-NORP
hosts	O
that	O
the	O
police	O
would	O
be	O
waiting	O
.	O


On	O
Monday	B-DATE
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
received	O
a	O
routine	O
,	O
unclassified	O
message	O
from	O
the	O
military	O
group	O
commander	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
Due	O
to	O
health	O
reasons	O
,	O
Lt.	O
Col.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
has	O
elected	O
to	O
postpone	O
his	O
visit	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
''	O
it	O
read	O
.	O


Prosecutors	O
in	O
Miami	B-GPE
received	O
yet	O
another	O
setback	O
.	O


Their	O
original	O
indictment	O
against	O
Mr.	O
Wittgreen	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
friend	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
the	B-CARDINAL
other	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
was	O
dismissed	O
on	O
a	O
technicality	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
reindicting	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
pal	O
,	O
they	O
intended	O
to	O
charge	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
himself	O
,	O
on	O
allegations	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
illegal	O
trading	O
of	O
some	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
arms	O
.	O


In	O
January	B-DATE
1980	I-DATE
,	O
Jerome	B-PERSON
Sanford	I-PERSON
,	O
as	O
assistant	O
U.S.	B-GPE
attorney	O
,	O
was	O
summoned	O
to	O
a	O
meeting	O
with	O
a	B-ORG
Federal	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Investigation	I-ORG
agent	O
assigned	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Alcohol	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Tobacco	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Firearms	I-ORG
in	O
Miami	B-GPE
.	O


Panamanian	B-NORP
dictator	O
Torrijos	B-PERSON
,	O
he	O
was	O
told	O
,	O
had	O
granted	O
the	O
shah	O
of	O
Iran	B-GPE
asylum	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
favor	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Sanford	B-PERSON
was	O
told	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
friend	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Wittgreen	B-PERSON
,	O
would	O
be	O
handling	O
the	O
shah	O
's	O
security	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
idea	O
to	O
indict	O
him	O
--	O
much	O
less	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
prosecutor	O
was	O
told	O
.	O


After	O
prodding	O
from	O
Mr.	O
Sanford	B-PERSON
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
Attorney	O
Jack	B-PERSON
Eskenazi	I-PERSON
pleaded	O
with	O
Justice	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
officials	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
to	O
let	O
the	O
indictment	O
proceed	O
.	O


``	O
Unfortunately	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Eskenazi	B-PERSON
wrote	O
in	O
a	O
letter	O
,	O
``	O
those	O
of	O
us	O
in	O
law	O
enforcement	O
in	O
Miami	B-GPE
find	O
ourselves	O
frequently	O
attempting	O
to	O
enforce	O
the	O
laws	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
but	O
simultaneously	O
being	O
caught	O
between	O
foreign	O
policy	O
considerations	O
over	O
which	O
we	O
have	O
no	O
control	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
letter	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
detailed	O
prosecution	O
memo	O
,	O
sat	O
on	O
the	O
desks	O
of	O
Justice	B-ORG
officials	O
for	O
months	B-DATE
before	O
the	O
case	O
died	O
a	O
quiet	O
death	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
think	O
if	O
we	O
had	O
been	O
allowed	O
to	O
go	O
ahead	O
then	O
we	O
would	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
problems	O
we	O
have	O
now	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Sanford	B-PERSON
says	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
found	O
guilty	O
,	O
we	O
could	O
have	O
stopped	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
August	B-DATE
1983	I-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
took	O
over	O
as	O
General	O
and	O
de-facto	O
dictator	O
of	O
Panama	B-GPE
,	O
having	O
maneuvered	O
his	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
top	O
only	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
mysterious	O
death	O
in	O
a	O
plane	O
crash	O
of	O
his	O
old	O
boss	O
Omar	B-PERSON
Torrijos	I-PERSON
.	O


Soon	O
,	O
the	O
military	O
became	O
a	O
veritable	O
mafia	B-ORG
controlling	O
legal	O
and	O
illegal	O
businesses	O
.	O


The	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
administration	O
also	O
put	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
G	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
2	I-ORG
back	O
on	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
payroll	O
.	O


Payments	O
averaged	O
nearly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
200,000	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
.	O


Although	O
working	O
for	O
U.S.	B-GPE
intelligence	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
was	O
hardly	O
helping	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
exclusively	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
years	B-DATE
he	O
expanded	O
his	O
business	O
and	O
intelligence	O
contacts	O
with	O
the	O
Cubans	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Sandinistas	B-NORP
.	O


He	O
allegedly	O
entered	O
into	O
Panama	B-GPE
's	O
first	O
formal	O
business	O
arrangement	O
with	O
Colombian	B-NORP
drug	O
bosses	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Floyd	B-PERSON
Carlton	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
pilot	O
who	O
once	O
worked	O
for	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
and	O
who	O
testified	O
before	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
grand	O
jury	O
in	O
Miami	B-GPE
that	O
would	O
ultimately	O
indict	O
the	O
Panamanian	B-NORP
on	O
drug	O
charges	O
.	O


But	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
was	O
convinced	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
would	O
n't	O
act	O
against	O
him	O
,	O
recalls	O
his	O
close	O
ally	O
Jose	B-PERSON
Blandon	I-PERSON
,	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
an	O
insurance	O
policy	O
:	O
his	O
involvement	O
with	O
the	O
Contra	B-NORP
rebels	O
in	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Blandon	B-PERSON
says	O
the	O
general	O
allowed	O
the	O
Contras	B-NORP
to	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
secret	O
training	O
center	O
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
.	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
also	O
conveyed	O
intelligence	O
from	O
his	O
spy	O
operation	O
inside	O
the	O
Nicaraguan	B-NORP
capital	O
of	O
Managua	B-GPE
.	O


And	O
on	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
occasion	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
spring	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1985	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
helped	O
arrange	O
a	O
sabotage	O
attack	O
on	O
a	O
Sandinista	B-NORP
arsenal	O
in	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
.	O


Although	O
,	O
his	O
help	O
for	O
the	O
Contra	B-NORP
cause	O
was	O
limited	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
enough	O
to	O
win	O
him	O
important	O
protectors	O
in	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
administration	O
,	O
says	O
Sen.	O
Patrick	B-PERSON
Leahy	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Vermont	B-GPE
Democrat	B-NORP
who	O
then	O
served	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
.	O


``	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
played	O
U.S.	B-GPE
intelligence	O
agencies	O
and	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
government	O
like	O
a	O
violin	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


An	O
incident	O
in	O
1984	B-DATE
suggested	O
one	B-CARDINAL
additional	O
means	O
by	O
which	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
might	O
have	O
maintained	O
such	O
influence	O
with	O
Washington	B-GPE
--	O
by	O
compromising	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
.	O


Curtin	B-PERSON
Windsor	I-PERSON
,	O
then	O
the	O
ambassador	O
to	O
Costa	B-GPE
Rica	I-GPE
,	O
recalls	O
being	O
invited	O
to	O
Panama	B-GPE
by	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
brother	O
Luis	B-PERSON
Carlos	I-PERSON
for	O
a	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
of	O
deep	O
sea	O
fishing	O
and	O
``	O
quiet	O
,	O
serious	O
conversation	O
''	O
on	O
the	B-LOC
Aswara	I-LOC
Peninsula	I-LOC
.	O


Mr.	O
Windsor	B-PERSON
notified	O
Everett	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
Briggs	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
ambassador	O
to	O
Panama	B-GPE
,	O
of	O
the	O
invitation	O
.	O


``	O
Briggs	B-PERSON
screamed	O
,	O
''	O
Mr.	O
Windsor	B-PERSON
recalls	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Briggs	B-PERSON
told	O
him	O
he	O
was	O
being	O
set	O
up	O
for	O
a	O
``	O
honey	O
trap	O
,	O
''	O
in	O
which	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
would	O
try	O
to	O
involve	O
him	O
in	O
an	O
orgy	O
and	O
then	O
record	O
the	O
event	O
``	O
with	O
sound	O
and	O
video	O
.	O
''	O


Mr.	O
Briggs	B-PERSON
,	O
on	O
vacation	O
after	O
resigning	O
his	O
position	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
reached	O
for	O
comment	O
.	O


As	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
political	O
troubles	O
grew	O
,	O
so	O
did	O
his	O
offers	O
of	O
assistance	O
to	O
the	O
Contras	B-NORP
,	O
an	O
apparent	O
attempt	O
to	O
curry	O
more	O
favor	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
he	O
helped	O
steal	O
the	O
May	B-DATE
1984	I-DATE
Panamanian	B-NORP
elections	O
for	O
the	O
ruling	O
party	O
.	O


But	O
just	B-DATE
one	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
also	O
contributed	O
$	O
100,000	B-MONEY
to	O
a	O
Contra	B-NORP
leader	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
documents	O
released	O
for	O
Oliver	B-PERSON
North	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
criminal	O
trial	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
D.C	B-GPE
.	O


Yet	O
,	O
his	O
political	O
setbacks	O
mounted	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
was	O
accused	O
of	O
ordering	O
in	O
1985	B-DATE
the	O
beheading	O
of	O
Hugo	B-PERSON
Spadafora	I-PERSON
,	O
his	O
most	O
outspoken	O
political	O
opponent	O
and	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
man	O
to	O
publicly	O
finger	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
on	O
drug	O
trafficking	O
charges	O
.	O


He	O
then	O
ousted	O
President	O
Nicholas	B-PERSON
Ardito	I-PERSON
Barletta	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
former	O
World	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
official	O
with	O
close	O
ties	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
after	O
Mr.	O
Barletta	B-PERSON
tried	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
commission	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
murder	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
while	O
,	O
Panama	B-GPE
's	O
debt	O
problems	O
continued	O
to	O
grow	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
was	O
growing	O
desperate	O
.	O


In	O
late	O
1986	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
made	O
an	O
offer	O
he	O
thought	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
could	O
n't	O
refuse	O
.	O


As	O
recounted	O
in	O
a	O
stipulation	O
that	O
summarized	O
government	O
documents	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
North	B-PERSON
trial	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
offered	O
to	O
assassinate	O
the	O
Sandinista	B-NORP
leadership	O
in	O
exchange	O
``	O
for	O
a	O
promise	O
to	O
help	O
clean	O
up	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
image	O
and	O
a	O
commitment	O
to	O
lift	O
the	O
-LCB-	O
U.S.	O
.	O
-RCB-	O
ban	O
on	O
military	O
sales	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Panamanian	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
Forces	I-ORG
.	O
''	O


``	O
North	B-PERSON
,	O
''	O
the	O
document	O
went	O
on	O
,	O
referring	O
to	O
Oliver	B-PERSON
North	I-PERSON
,	O
``	O
has	O
told	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
representative	O
that	O
U.S.	B-GPE
law	O
forbade	O
such	O
actions	O
.	O


The	O
representative	O
responded	O
that	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
had	O
numerous	O
assets	O
in	O
place	O
in	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
and	O
could	O
accomplish	O
many	O
essential	O
things	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
had	O
helped	O
-LCB-	O
the	O
U.S.	O
.	O
-RCB-	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
blowing	O
up	O
a	O
Sandinista	B-NORP
arsenal	O
.	O
''	O


Col.	O
North	B-PERSON
conveyed	O
the	O
request	O
to	O
his	O
superiors	O
and	O
to	O
Assistant	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Elliot	B-PERSON
Abrams	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
relayed	O
it	O
to	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
George	B-PERSON
Shultz	I-PERSON
.	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
proposal	O
was	O
turned	O
down	O
.	O


And	O
Mr.	O
Shultz	B-PERSON
curtly	O
told	O
Mr.	O
Abrams	B-PERSON
that	O
the	O
general	O
should	O
be	O
told	O
that	O
only	O
he	O
could	O
repair	O
his	O
tarnished	O
image	O
.	O


The	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
marriage	O
was	O
at	O
hand	O
.	O


Within	O
weeks	B-DATE
the	O
unfolding	O
Iran	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Contra	I-EVENT
scandal	O
took	O
away	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
's	O
insurance	O
policy	O
.	O


The	O
death	O
of	O
CIA	B-ORG
Director	O
William	B-PERSON
Casey	I-PERSON
and	O
resignation	O
of	O
Oliver	B-PERSON
North	I-PERSON
allowed	O
anti-Noriega	B-PERSON
political	O
forces	O
to	O
gain	O
influence	O
.	O


Public	O
protests	O
against	O
him	O
were	O
triggered	O
in	O
June	B-DATE
1987	I-DATE
due	O
to	O
charges	O
by	O
Diaz	B-PERSON
Herrera	I-PERSON
,	O
his	O
former	O
chief	O
of	O
staff	O
,	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
had	O
stolen	O
the	O
1984	B-DATE
election	O
and	O
had	O
ordered	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
Messrs.	O
Spadafora	B-PERSON
and	O
Torrijos	B-PERSON
.	O


Few	O
American	B-NORP
officials	O
were	O
willing	O
any	O
longer	O
to	O
defend	O
him	O
.	O


Lawyers	O
in	O
Miami	B-GPE
--	O
this	O
time	O
working	O
virtually	O
without	O
impediment	O
--	O
prepared	O
to	O
have	O
him	O
indicted	O
on	O
drug	O
charges	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
.	O


During	O
negotiations	O
with	O
American	B-NORP
officials	O
in	O
May	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
over	O
proposals	O
to	O
drop	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
indictments	O
in	O
exchange	O
for	O
his	O
resignation	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
often	O
asked	O
almost	O
plaintively	O
how	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
,	O
whom	O
he	O
had	O
helped	O
for	O
so	O
many	O
years	B-DATE
,	O
could	O
turn	O
against	O
him	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
neither	O
side	O
--	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
nor	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
--	O
has	O
an	O
easy	O
out	O
.	O


President	O
Bush	B-PERSON
has	O
sworn	O
to	O
bring	O
him	O
to	O
justice	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
believes	O
he	O
has	O
n't	O
any	O
alternative	O
but	O
to	O
continue	O
clutching	O
to	O
power	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
knock	O
-	O
out	O
battle	O
--	O
perhaps	O
to	O
the	O
death	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
is	O
Mr.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
the	O
political	O
equivalent	O
of	O
Frankenstein	B-PERSON
's	O
monster	O
,	O
created	O
by	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
intentioned	O
but	O
misguided	O
foreign	O
power	O
?	O


Not	O
quite	O
,	O
Sen.	O
Leahy	B-PERSON
contends	O
.	O


``	O
For	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
gains	O
,	O
people	O
were	O
willing	O
to	O
put	O
up	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


That	O
allowed	O
him	O
to	O
get	O
stronger	O
and	O
stronger	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
we	O
created	O
him	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
we	O
fed	O
him	O
,	O
nurtured	O
him	O
and	O
let	O
him	O
grow	O
up	O
to	O
be	O
big	O
and	O
strong	O
.	O


The	O
nations	O
of	O
southern	O
Africa	B-LOC
know	O
a	O
lot	O
about	O
managing	O
elephants	O
;	O
their	O
herds	O
are	O
thriving	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
nations	O
of	O
Europe	B-LOC
and	O
North	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
have	O
decided	O
they	O
know	O
better	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
week	B-DATE
's	O
U.N.	B-ORG
conference	O
in	O
Lausanne	B-GPE
,	O
they	O
imposed	O
a	O
global	O
ivory	O
ban	O
that	O
seeks	O
to	O
overturn	O
local	O
policies	O
.	O


A	O
Zimbabwean	B-NORP
delegate	O
argued	O
that	O
the	O
ban	O
would	O
``	O
guarantee	O
the	O
extinction	O
of	O
the	O
elephant	O
.	O
''	O


Legitimate	O
ranchers	O
,	O
who	O
have	O
an	O
interest	O
in	O
preserving	O
the	O
herds	O
,	O
would	O
go	O
out	O
of	O
business	O
.	O


Poachers	O
would	O
control	O
the	O
underground	O
trade	O
.	O


Many	O
delegates	O
were	O
willing	O
to	O
craft	O
a	O
compromise	O
,	O
but	O
U.S.	B-GPE
delegate	O
Constance	B-PERSON
Harriman	I-PERSON
and	O
others	O
thundered	O
that	O
down	O
.	O


The	O
Greens	O
from	O
the	O
First	O
World	O
wanted	O
a	O
morality	O
play	O
,	O
not	O
a	O
negotiation	O
.	O


Fortunately	O
,	O
the	O
nations	O
of	O
southern	O
Africa	B-LOC
have	O
n't	O
totally	O
surrendered	O
their	O
sovereignty	O
.	O


Five	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
announced	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
honor	O
what	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Zimbabwean	B-NORP
delegate	O
wryly	O
called	O
the	O
``	O
made	O
in	O
Switzerland	B-GPE
''	O
solution	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
they	O
seemed	O
a	O
mite	O
resentful	O
.	O


The	O
director	O
of	O
Zimbabwe	B-GPE
's	O
Wildlife	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
described	O
American	B-NORP
conservationists	O
as	O
``	O
fat	O
little	O
puppies	O
from	O
urban	O
environments	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
a	O
thing	O
about	O
Africa	B-LOC
.	O
''	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
fair	O
;	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
all	O
fat	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
announced	O
their	O
last	O
soldier	O
had	O
left	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
in	O
February	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
voices	O
of	O
skepticism	O
were	O
all	O
but	O
drowned	O
out	O
by	O
an	O
international	O
chorus	O
of	O
euphoria	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
``	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
'	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
.	O
''	O


The	O
Kabul	B-GPE
regime	O
would	O
fall	O
.	O


Millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
refugees	O
would	O
rush	O
home	O
.	O


A	O
resistance	O
government	O
would	O
walk	O
into	O
Kabul	B-GPE
.	O


Those	O
who	O
bought	O
that	O
illusion	O
are	O
now	O
bewildered	O
.	O


Eight	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
after	O
Gen.	O
Boris	B-PERSON
Gromov	I-PERSON
walked	O
across	O
the	O
bridge	O
into	O
the	O
U.S.S.R.	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
Soviet	B-NORP
-	O
controlled	O
regime	O
remains	O
in	O
Kabul	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
refugees	O
sit	O
in	O
their	O
camps	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
restoration	O
of	O
Afghan	B-NORP
freedom	O
seems	O
as	O
far	O
off	O
as	O
ever	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
never	O
was	O
a	O
chance	O
that	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
resistance	O
would	O
overthrow	O
the	O
Kabul	B-GPE
regime	O
quickly	O
and	O
easily	O
.	O


Soviet	B-NORP
leaders	O
said	O
they	O
would	O
support	O
their	O
Kabul	B-GPE
clients	O
by	O
all	O
means	O
necessary	O
--	O
and	O
did	O
.	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
said	O
it	O
would	O
fully	O
support	O
the	O
resistance	O
--	O
and	O
did	O
n't	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
February	B-DATE
1987	I-DATE
U.N.	B-ORG
accords	O
``	O
relating	O
to	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
,	O
''	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
got	O
everything	O
it	O
needed	O
to	O
consolidate	O
permanent	O
control	O
.	O


The	O
terms	O
of	O
the	B-LAW
Geneva	I-LAW
accords	I-LAW
leave	O
Moscow	B-GPE
free	O
to	O
provide	O
its	O
clients	O
in	O
Kabul	B-GPE
with	O
assistance	O
of	O
any	O
kind	O
--	O
including	O
the	O
return	O
of	O
Soviet	B-NORP
ground	O
forces	O
--	O
while	O
requiring	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
to	O
cut	O
off	O
aid	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
fly	O
in	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
ointment	O
was	O
the	O
last	O
-	O
minute	O
addition	O
of	O
a	O
unilateral	O
American	B-NORP
caveat	O
,	O
that	O
U.S.	B-GPE
aid	O
to	O
the	O
resistance	O
would	O
continue	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
Soviet	B-NORP
aid	O
to	O
Kabul	B-GPE
did	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
the	O
accords	O
were	O
signed	O
,	O
American	B-NORP
officials	O
sharply	O
reduced	O
aid	O
.	O


In	O
February	B-DATE
1989	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
said	O
they	O
had	O
completed	O
their	O
pullout	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
cut	O
it	O
further	O
.	O


Not	O
so	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
.	O


Gen.	O
Gromov	B-PERSON
himself	O
said	O
Soviet	B-NORP
troops	O
expected	O
to	O
leave	O
behind	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
military	O
equipment	O
and	O
installations	O
for	O
the	O
Kabul	B-GPE
regime	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
troop	O
withdrawal	O
,	O
Moscow	B-GPE
has	O
poured	O
in	O
an	O
additional	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
worth	O
per	O
month	O
--	O
nearly	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
since	O
February	B-DATE
,	O
equivalent	O
to	O
the	O
total	O
U.S.	B-GPE
aid	O
to	O
the	O
resistance	O
in	O
nine	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
includes	O
what	O
Deputy	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Yuli	B-PERSON
Vorontsov	I-PERSON
fetchingly	O
called	O
``	O
new	O
peaceful	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
weapons	O
,	O
''	O
including	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
800	I-CARDINAL
SCUD	B-PRODUCT
missiles	O
.	O


By	O
early	B-DATE
May	I-DATE
,	O
Moscow	B-GPE
had	O
delivered	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
1,000	B-CARDINAL
trucks	O
,	O
about	B-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
tanks	O
,	O
artillery	O
and	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
other	O
combat	O
vehicles	O
.	O


Later	B-DATE
that	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
added	O
an	O
entire	O
tank	O
brigade	O
,	O
including	O
120	B-CARDINAL
T	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
72	I-PRODUCT
tanks	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
40	I-CARDINAL
BMP	B-PRODUCT
state	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
art	O
infantry	O
fighting	O
vehicles	O
.	O


By	O
September	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
new	O
Reinforced	B-ORG
Motorized	I-ORG
Rifle	I-ORG
Brigade	I-ORG
with	O
an	B-CARDINAL
additional	I-CARDINAL
300	I-CARDINAL
combat	O
vehicles	O
,	O
1,000	B-CARDINAL
more	O
trucks	O
and	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
Soviet	B-NORP
-	O
trained	O
Afghan	B-NORP
troops	O
had	O
arrived	O
in	O
Kandahar	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
Moscow	B-GPE
has	O
added	O
FROG	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
7B	I-PRODUCT
missiles	O
,	O
the	O
bomber	O
version	O
of	O
the	B-PRODUCT
An	I-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
12	I-PRODUCT
,	O
MiG	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
23BN	I-PRODUCT
high	O
-	O
altitude	O
aircraft	O
,	O
MiG	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
29s	I-PRODUCT
,	O
which	O
can	O
outfly	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
's	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
built	O
F16s	B-PRODUCT
,	O
and	O
Sukhoi	B-ORG
SU	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
27	I-PRODUCT
fighter	O
-	O
bombers	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
outfly	O
the	B-PRODUCT
MiG	I-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
29s	I-PRODUCT
.	O


Moscow	B-GPE
claims	O
this	O
is	O
all	O
needed	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
Kabul	B-GPE
regime	O
against	O
the	O
guerrilla	O
resistance	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
that	O
the	O
regular	O
Afghan	B-NORP
infantry	O
is	O
filled	O
with	O
reluctant	O
conscripts	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
entire	O
Afghan	B-NORP
army	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
Kabul	B-GPE
's	O
only	O
military	O
force	O
.	O


Complete	O
units	O
have	O
been	O
trained	O
and	O
indoctrinated	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.S.R.	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
East	B-LOC
bloc	I-LOC
nations	O
;	O
30,000	B-CARDINAL
to	O
40,000	B-CARDINAL
of	O
these	O
troops	O
have	O
returned	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
regime	O
has	O
established	O
well	O
-	O
paid	O
paramilitary	O
forces	O
totaling	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100,000	I-CARDINAL
,	O
including	O
35,000	B-CARDINAL
Soviet	B-NORP
-	O
trained	O
troops	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Interior	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
KHAD	B-ORG
/	I-ORG
WAD	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
,	O
which	O
still	O
is	O
directed	O
by	O
1,500	B-CARDINAL
Soviet	B-NORP
KGB	B-ORG
officers	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
not	O
all	O
these	O
forces	O
are	O
committed	O
to	O
the	O
regime	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
now	B-DATE
dependent	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Afghan	B-NORP
children	O
have	O
been	O
taken	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
,	O
where	O
they	O
are	O
hostage	O
for	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
their	O
families	O
.	O


Since	O
1981	B-DATE
,	O
Indian	B-NORP
military	O
advisers	O
have	O
been	O
assisting	O
the	O
Kabul	B-GPE
regime	O
.	O


In	O
preparation	O
for	O
the	O
withdrawal	O
,	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
Kabul	B-GPE
and	O
New	B-GPE
Delhi	I-GPE
signed	O
two	B-CARDINAL
agreements	O
for	O
several	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
newly	O
civilian	O
Indian	B-NORP
experts	O
to	O
replace	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
visible	O
Soviet	B-NORP
military	O
personnel	O
.	O


Cuban	B-NORP
military	O
personnel	O
also	O
have	O
been	O
active	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
since	O
1979	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
Soviets	B-NORP
cut	O
a	O
deal	O
with	O
Iran	B-GPE
:	O
a	O
future	O
Iranian	B-NORP
role	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
in	O
exchange	O
for	O
Iranian	B-NORP
support	O
of	O
Soviet	B-NORP
policy	O
.	O


The	O
deal	O
was	O
symbolized	O
by	O
the	O
restoration	O
of	O
the	O
Shi'ite	B-NORP
Sultan	O
Ali	B-PERSON
Keshtmand	I-PERSON
to	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
prime	O
ministry	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
serious	O
questions	O
have	O
been	O
raised	O
about	O
the	O
claimed	O
withdrawal	O
of	O
Soviet	B-NORP
forces	O
.	O


Before	O
his	O
assassination	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
President	O
Zia	B-PERSON
of	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
repeatedly	O
stated	O
that	O
fresh	O
Soviet	B-NORP
troops	O
were	O
being	O
inserted	O
into	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
even	O
as	O
others	O
were	O
ostentatiously	O
withdrawn	O
.	O


Rep.	O
Bill	B-PERSON
McCollum	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
R.	B-NORP
,	O
Fla.	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
reports	O
that	O
these	O
included	O
20,000	B-CARDINAL
to	O
30,000	B-CARDINAL
Soviet	B-NORP
Central	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
KGB	B-ORG
Border	I-ORG
Guards	I-ORG
,	O
ethnically	O
indistinguishable	O
from	O
Afghans	B-NORP
and	O
wearing	O
unmarked	O
uniforms	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
Kabul	B-GPE
regime	O
is	O
increasingly	O
successful	O
at	O
portraying	O
the	O
resistance	O
as	O
bloody	O
-	O
minded	O
fanatics	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
they	O
are	O
aided	O
by	O
years	B-DATE
of	O
American	B-NORP
,	O
European	B-NORP
,	O
Pakistani	B-NORP
and	O
Saudi	B-NORP
support	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
extreme	O
factions	O
--	O
radical	O
Islamic	B-NORP
fanatics	O
with	O
leaders	O
whose	O
policies	O
are	O
anathema	O
to	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
public	O
.	O


This	O
heavy	O
outside	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
worst	O
has	O
undermined	O
better	O
,	O
moderate	O
leaders	O
.	O


In	O
autumn	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
regime	O
garrison	O
at	O
Kandahar	B-GPE
was	O
prepared	O
to	O
surrender	O
the	O
city	O
to	O
resistance	O
moderates	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
last	O
minute	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
Pakistani	B-NORP
officials	O
sent	O
in	O
Gulbuddin	B-PERSON
Hekhmatyar	I-PERSON
,	O
perhaps	O
the	O
most	O
hated	O
and	O
feared	O
of	O
the	O
extremists	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
demand	O
that	O
the	O
surrender	O
be	O
made	O
to	O
his	O
forces	O
.	O


The	O
deal	O
fell	O
through	O
,	O
and	O
Kandahar	B-GPE
remains	O
a	O
major	O
regime	O
base	O
.	O


The	O
resistance	O
lacks	O
not	O
only	O
air	O
power	O
,	O
armor	O
and	O
expertise	O
but	O
often	O
such	O
essentials	O
as	O
maps	O
,	O
mine	O
detectors	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
winter	B-DATE
gloves	O
.	O


Experienced	O
resistance	O
commanders	O
wanted	O
to	O
use	O
guerrilla	O
action	O
and	O
siege	O
tactics	O
to	O
wear	O
down	O
the	O
regime	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
pressured	O
by	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
's	O
ISI	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
channel	O
for	O
their	O
support	O
,	O
into	O
attacking	O
Jalalabad	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
took	O
more	O
than	O
25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
casualties	O
;	O
journalists	O
report	O
that	O
they	O
faced	O
minefields	O
without	O
mine	O
detectors	O
.	O


The	O
wonder	O
is	O
not	O
that	O
the	O
resistance	O
has	O
failed	O
to	O
topple	O
the	O
Kabul	B-GPE
regime	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
it	O
continues	O
to	O
exist	O
and	O
fight	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
congressional	O
criticism	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
said	O
they	O
had	O
resumed	O
military	O
aid	O
to	O
the	O
resistance	O
months	B-DATE
after	O
it	O
was	O
cut	O
off	O
;	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
clear	O
how	O
much	O
is	O
being	O
sent	O
or	O
when	O
it	O
will	O
arrive	O
.	O


For	O
months	B-DATE
the	O
resistance	O
has	O
been	O
defenseless	O
against	O
air	O
attack	O
.	O


Thus	O
far	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
indication	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
re-supplied	O
with	O
Stingers	B-PRODUCT
or	O
other	O
anti-aircraft	O
weapons	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
officials	O
have	O
indicated	O
to	O
the	O
press	O
that	O
the	O
continuation	O
of	O
aid	O
depends	O
on	O
what	O
success	O
the	O
weakened	O
resistance	O
achieves	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Moscow	B-GPE
and	O
Kabul	B-GPE
must	O
have	O
found	O
that	O
information	O
useful	O
.	O


For	O
a	B-DATE
decade	I-DATE
U.S.	B-GPE
policy	O
has	O
been	O
incoherent	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
miscalculation	O
and	O
the	O
defense	O
of	O
bureaucratic	O
and	O
political	O
turf	O
.	O


No	O
settlement	O
negotiated	O
by	O
others	O
can	O
force	O
the	O
Afghan	B-NORP
people	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
their	O
struggle	O
.	O


A	O
cutoff	O
of	O
U.S.	B-GPE
military	O
aid	O
would	O
merely	O
abandon	O
them	O
to	O
die	O
in	O
vain	O
.	O


Creation	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
,	O
realistic	O
U.S.	B-GPE
policy	O
is	O
long	O
overdue	O
.	O


Ms.	O
Klass	B-PERSON
,	O
editor	O
and	O
co-author	O
of	O
``	O
Afghanistan	B-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Great	I-WORK_OF_ART
Game	I-WORK_OF_ART
Revisited	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
-LRB-	O
Freedom	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
,	O
directs	O
the	O
Freedom	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
program	O
on	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
/	O
Southwest	O
Asia	O
.	O


AN	O
EARTHQUAKE	O
STRUCK	O
Northern	B-LOC
California	I-LOC
,	O
killing	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


The	O
violent	O
temblor	O
,	O
which	O
lasted	O
about	B-TIME
15	I-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
and	O
registered	O
6.9	B-CARDINAL
on	O
the	O
Richter	O
scale	O
,	O
also	O
caused	O
the	O
collapse	O
of	O
a	O
30	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
section	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
San	I-FAC
Francisco	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Oakland	I-FAC
Bay	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
and	O
shook	O
Candlestick	B-FAC
Park	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
tremor	O
was	O
centered	O
near	O
Hollister	B-GPE
,	O
southeast	O
of	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
was	O
felt	O
as	B-QUANTITY
far	I-QUANTITY
as	I-QUANTITY
200	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
away	O
.	O


Numerous	O
injuries	O
were	O
reported	O
.	O


Some	O
buildings	O
collapsed	O
,	O
gas	O
and	O
water	O
lines	O
ruptured	O
and	O
fires	O
raged	O
.	O


The	O
quake	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
caused	O
damage	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Jose	I-GPE
and	O
Berkeley	B-GPE
,	O
knocked	O
out	O
electricity	O
and	O
telephones	O
,	O
cracked	O
roadways	O
and	O
disrupted	O
subway	O
service	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
Area	I-LOC
.	O


Major	O
injuries	O
were	O
n't	O
reported	O
at	O
Candlestick	B-FAC
Park	I-FAC
,	O
where	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
game	O
of	O
baseball	O
's	O
World	B-EVENT
Series	I-EVENT
was	O
canceled	O
and	O
fans	O
evacuated	O
from	O
the	O
stadium	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
vowed	O
to	O
veto	O
a	O
bill	O
allowing	O
federal	O
financing	O
for	O
abortions	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
rape	O
and	O
incest	O
,	O
saying	O
tax	O
dollars	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
``	O
compound	O
a	O
violent	O
act	O
with	O
the	O
taking	O
of	O
an	O
unborn	O
life	O
.	O
''	O


His	O
pledge	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
letter	O
to	O
Democratic	B-NORP
Sen.	O
Byrd	B-PERSON
,	O
came	O
ahead	O
of	O
an	O
expected	O
Senate	B-ORG
vote	O
on	O
spending	O
legislation	O
containing	O
the	O
provision	O
.	O


East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Politburo	B-ORG
met	O
amid	O
speculation	O
that	O
the	O
ruling	O
body	O
would	O
oust	O
hard	O
-	O
line	O
leader	O
Honecker	B-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
rule	O
has	O
been	O
challenged	O
by	O
mass	O
emigration	O
and	O
calls	O
for	O
democratic	O
freedoms	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
about	B-CARDINAL
125	I-CARDINAL
refugees	O
flew	O
to	O
Duesseldorf	B-GPE
,	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
,	O
from	O
Warsaw	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
airlift	O
in	O
East	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
refugee	O
exodus	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Psychiatric	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
voted	O
at	O
an	O
Athens	B-GPE
parley	O
to	O
conditionally	O
readmit	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
.	O


Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
left	O
the	O
group	O
in	O
1983	B-DATE
to	O
avoid	O
explusion	O
over	O
allegations	O
that	O
political	O
dissidents	O
were	O
being	O
certified	O
as	O
insane	O
,	O
could	O
be	O
suspended	O
if	O
the	O
misuse	O
of	O
psychiatry	O
against	O
dissenters	O
is	O
discovered	O
during	O
a	O
review	O
within	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


NASA	B-ORG
postponed	O
the	O
liftoff	O
of	O
the	O
space	O
shuttle	O
Atlantis	B-PRODUCT
because	O
of	O
rain	O
near	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
the	O
launch	O
pad	O
in	O
Cape	B-GPE
Canaveral	I-GPE
,	O
Fla	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
flight	O
was	O
rescheduled	O
for	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
spacecraft	O
's	O
five	B-CARDINAL
astronauts	O
are	O
to	O
dispatch	O
the	O
nuclear	O
-	O
powered	O
Galileo	B-PRODUCT
space	O
probe	O
on	O
an	O
exploratory	O
mission	O
to	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
.	O


Senate	B-ORG
Democratic	B-NORP
leaders	O
said	O
they	O
had	O
enough	O
votes	O
to	O
defeat	O
a	O
proposed	O
constitutional	O
amendment	O
to	O
ban	O
flag	O
burning	O
.	O


The	O
amendment	O
is	O
aimed	O
at	O
skirting	O
a	O
Supreme	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
ruling	O
that	O
threw	O
out	O
the	O
conviction	O
of	O
a	O
Texas	B-GPE
flag	O
-	O
burner	O
on	O
grounds	O
that	O
his	O
freedom	O
of	O
speech	O
was	O
violated	O
.	O


Federal	O
researchers	O
said	O
lung	O
-	O
cancer	O
mortality	O
rates	O
for	O
people	O
under	B-DATE
45	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
age	I-DATE
have	O
begun	O
to	O
decline	O
,	O
particularly	O
for	O
white	O
males	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Cancer	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
also	O
projected	O
that	O
overall	O
U.S.	B-GPE
mortality	O
rates	O
from	O
lung	O
cancer	O
should	O
begin	O
to	O
drop	O
in	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
if	O
cigarette	O
smoking	O
continues	O
to	O
abate	O
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
met	O
with	O
South	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
President	O
Roh	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
indicated	O
that	O
Seoul	B-GPE
plans	O
to	O
further	O
ease	O
trade	O
rules	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
its	O
economy	O
becomes	O
as	O
open	O
as	O
the	O
other	O
industrialized	O
nations	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
mid-1990s	I-DATE
.	O


Bush	B-PERSON
assured	O
Roh	B-PERSON
that	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
would	O
stand	O
by	O
its	O
security	O
commitments	O
``	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
threat	O
''	O
from	O
Communist	B-NORP
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
Bush	B-PERSON
administration	O
is	O
seeking	O
an	O
understanding	O
with	O
Congress	B-ORG
to	O
ease	O
restrictions	O
on	O
U.S.	B-GPE
involvement	O
in	O
foreign	O
coups	O
that	O
might	O
result	O
in	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
a	O
country	O
's	O
leader	O
.	O


A	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
spokesman	O
said	O
that	O
while	O
Bush	B-PERSON
would	O
n't	O
alter	O
a	O
longstanding	O
ban	O
on	O
such	O
involvement	O
,	O
``	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
clarification	O
needed	O
''	O
on	O
its	O
interpretation	O
.	O


India	B-GPE
's	O
Gandhi	B-PERSON
called	O
for	O
parliamentary	O
elections	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
balloting	O
,	O
considered	O
a	O
test	O
for	O
the	O
prime	O
minister	O
and	O
the	O
ruling	O
Congress	B-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
I	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
comes	O
amid	O
charges	O
of	O
inept	O
leadership	O
and	O
government	O
corruption	O
.	O


Gandhi	B-PERSON
's	O
family	O
has	O
ruled	O
independent	O
India	B-GPE
for	O
all	O
but	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
its	O
42	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
history	O
.	O


The	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
abstained	O
from	O
a	O
U.N.	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
vote	O
to	O
reject	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
credentials	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
seven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
that	O
Moscow	B-GPE
has	O
n't	O
joined	O
efforts	O
,	O
led	O
by	O
Moslem	B-NORP
nations	O
,	O
to	O
expel	O
Israel	B-GPE
from	O
the	O
world	O
body	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
viewed	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
of	O
improving	O
Soviet	B-NORP
-	O
Israeli	O
ties	O
.	O


Israel	B-GPE
was	O
seated	O
by	O
a	O
vote	O
of	O
95	B-CARDINAL
-	O
37	O
,	O
with	O
15	B-CARDINAL
abstentions	O
.	O


Black	O
activist	O
Walter	B-PERSON
Sisulu	I-PERSON
said	O
the	B-ORG
African	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
would	O
n't	O
reject	O
violence	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
pressure	O
the	O
South	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
government	O
into	O
concessions	O
that	O
might	O
lead	O
to	O
negotiations	O
over	O
apartheid	O
.	O


The	O
77	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Sisulu	B-PERSON
was	O
among	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
black	O
political	O
activists	O
freed	O
Sunday	B-DATE
from	O
prison	O
.	O


London	B-GPE
has	O
concluded	O
that	O
Austrian	B-NORP
President	O
Waldheim	B-PERSON
was	O
n't	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
six	B-CARDINAL
British	B-NORP
commandos	O
in	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
,	O
although	O
he	O
probably	O
was	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
slayings	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
also	O
rejected	O
allegations	O
that	O
Britain	B-GPE
covered	O
up	O
evidence	O
of	O
Waldheim	B-PERSON
's	O
activities	O
as	O
a	O
German	B-NORP
army	O
officer	O
.	O


An	O
international	O
group	O
approved	O
a	O
formal	O
ban	O
on	O
ivory	O
trade	O
despite	O
objections	O
from	O
southern	O
African	B-NORP
governments	O
,	O
which	O
threatened	O
to	O
find	O
alternative	O
channels	O
for	O
selling	O
elephant	O
tusks	O
.	O


The	O
move	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Convention	I-ORG
on	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
in	I-ORG
Endangered	I-ORG
Species	I-ORG
,	O
meeting	O
in	O
Switzerland	B-GPE
,	O
places	O
the	O
elephant	O
on	O
the	O
endangered	O
-	O
species	O
list	O
.	O


An	O
assassin	O
in	O
Colombia	B-GPE
killed	O
a	O
federal	O
judge	O
on	O
a	O
Medellin	B-GPE
street	O
.	O


An	O
anonymous	O
caller	O
to	O
a	O
local	O
radio	O
station	O
said	O
cocaine	O
traffickers	O
had	O
slain	O
the	O
magistrate	O
in	O
retaliation	O
for	O
the	O
extraditions	O
of	O
Colombians	B-NORP
wanted	O
on	O
drug	O
charges	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


Libyan	B-NORP
leader	O
Gadhafi	B-PERSON
met	O
with	O
Egypt	B-GPE
's	O
President	O
Mubarak	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
officials	O
pledged	O
to	O
respect	O
each	O
other	O
's	O
laws	O
,	O
security	O
and	O
stability	O
.	O


They	O
stopped	O
short	O
of	O
resuming	O
diplomatic	O
ties	O
,	O
severed	O
in	O
1979	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
reconciliation	O
talks	O
in	O
the	O
Libyan	B-NORP
desert	O
town	O
of	O
Tobruk	B-GPE
followed	O
a	O
meeting	O
Monday	B-DATE
in	O
the	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
resort	O
of	O
Mersa	B-ORG
Metruh	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
is	O
a	O
haunted	O
house	O
.	O


Living	O
there	O
for	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
was	O
really	O
scary	O
.	O


The	O
ghosts	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
are	O
everywhere	O
:	O
They	O
are	O
kept	O
at	O
bay	O
only	O
by	O
feeding	O
them	O
vast	O
quantities	O
of	O
our	O
defense	O
budget	O
.	O


Some	O
can	O
be	O
bought	O
off	O
relatively	O
cheaply	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-EVENT
Korean	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
,	O
Gen.	O
Douglas	B-PERSON
MacArthur	I-PERSON
demanded	O
and	O
got	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
his	O
U.N.	B-ORG
command	O
in	O
Korea	B-GPE
,	O
his	O
own	O
naval	O
command	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
NavforJapan	B-ORG
.	O


Those	O
obsolete	O
operations	O
cost	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
,	O
and	O
keep	O
Mac	B-PERSON
's	O
ghost	O
quiet	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
about	O
all	O
it	O
costs	O
to	O
appease	O
Adm.	O
Erich	B-PERSON
Raeder	I-PERSON
's	O
ghost	O
.	O


In	O
1941	B-DATE
,	O
Raeder	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
German	B-NORP
navy	O
threatened	O
to	O
attack	O
the	B-FAC
Panama	I-FAC
Canal	I-FAC
,	O
so	O
we	O
created	O
the	B-ORG
Southern	I-ORG
Command	I-ORG
in	O
Panama	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Southern	I-ORG
Command	I-ORG
has	O
grown	O
even	O
bigger	O
since	O
the	O
war	O
because	O
Raeder	B-PERSON
's	O
ghost	O
sometimes	O
runs	O
through	O
the	O
E	O
ring	O
dressed	O
like	O
Gen.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
Command	B-ORG
's	O
huge	O
bureaucracy	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
analyze	O
whether	O
leaders	O
of	O
coups	O
against	O
Gen.	O
Noriega	B-PERSON
meet	O
the	B-LAW
War	I-LAW
Powers	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
's	I-LAW
six	B-CARDINAL
points	O
,	O
Cap	B-PERSON
Weinberger	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
seven	B-CARDINAL
points	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
32	B-CARDINAL
points	O
and	O
Woodrow	B-PERSON
Wilson	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
14	B-CARDINAL
points	O
necessary	O
to	O
justify	O
U.S.	B-GPE
support	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
no	O
one	O
has	O
.	O


The	O
ghost	O
of	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
brigade	O
discovered	O
in	O
Cuba	B-GPE
back	O
in	O
the	O
'70s	B-DATE
costs	O
just	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
few	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
:	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Caribbean	I-ORG
Command	I-ORG
in	O
Key	B-LOC
West	I-LOC
that	O
President	O
Carter	B-PERSON
created	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
brigade	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
heard	O
from	O
since	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
keep	O
the	O
staff	O
around	O
just	O
in	O
case	O
.	O


George	B-PERSON
Marshall	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
ghost	O
is	O
much	O
more	O
difficult	O
to	O
keep	O
happy	O
.	O


We	O
keep	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
shrines	O
to	O
him	O
around	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
:	O
statues	O
,	O
busts	O
,	O
relics	O
and	O
such	O
.	O


The	O
Army	B-ORG
headquarters	O
on	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
deck	O
of	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
used	O
to	O
burn	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
incense	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
headquarters	O
on	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
deck	O
made	O
them	O
stop	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
see	O
,	O
Marshall	B-PERSON
had	O
this	O
thing	O
about	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
Marines	B-ORG
--	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Army	B-ORG
but	O
Secretary	O
of	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
James	B-PERSON
Forrestal	I-PERSON
blocked	O
him	O
.	O


Now	O
his	O
ghost	O
wo	O
n't	O
let	O
up	O
till	O
it	O
's	O
done	O
.	O


To	O
keep	O
him	O
quiet	O
we	O
invent	O
a	O
new	O
unified	O
command	O
every	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
or	O
so	O
run	O
by	O
the	O
Army	B-ORG
or	O
the	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
and	O
put	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
and	O
Marines	B-ORG
under	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
still	O
hear	O
him	O
moaning	O
at	O
night	B-TIME
because	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
has	O
a	O
few	O
ships	O
left	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
satisfy	O
him	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
's	O
sea	O
lift	O
forces	O
were	O
given	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
Air	B-ORG
Force	I-ORG
bureaucracy	O
in	O
Illinois	B-GPE
,	O
its	O
space	O
operations	O
to	O
another	O
command	O
in	O
Colorado	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
frogmen	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
Army	B-ORG
bureaucracy	O
in	O
Fort	B-GPE
Bragg	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
's	O
Indian	B-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
and	O
Persian	B-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
forces	O
to	O
an	O
Army	B-ORG
bureaucracy	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


Which	O
brings	O
up	O
the	O
worst	O
and	O
meanest	O
ghost	O
of	O
all	O
--	O
the	O
ghost	O
of	O
the	O
shah	O
of	O
Iran	B-GPE
.	O


When	O
the	O
shah	O
died	O
,	O
President	O
Carter	B-PERSON
was	O
so	O
scared	O
that	O
the	O
shah	O
's	O
ghost	O
would	O
blame	O
him	O
for	O
shoving	O
him	O
out	O
to	O
make	O
way	O
for	O
the	O
ayatollah	O
that	O
he	O
declared	O
the	O
Carter	O
Doctrine	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Carter	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
would	O
go	O
to	O
war	O
to	O
stop	O
anyone	O
from	O
trying	O
to	O
grab	O
Iran	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
that	O
ghost	O
would	O
n't	O
settle	O
for	O
words	O
,	O
he	O
wanted	O
money	O
and	O
people	O
--	O
lots	O
.	O


So	O
Mr.	O
Carter	B-PERSON
formed	O
three	B-CARDINAL
new	O
Army	B-ORG
divisions	O
and	O
gave	O
them	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
bureaucracy	O
in	O
Tampa	B-GPE
called	O
the	B-ORG
Rapid	I-ORG
Deployment	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
.	O


But	O
that	O
ghost	O
was	O
n't	O
fooled	O
;	O
he	O
knew	O
the	O
RDF	B-ORG
was	O
neither	O
rapid	O
nor	O
deployable	O
nor	O
a	O
force	O
--	O
even	O
though	O
it	O
cost	O
$	B-MONEY
8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
or	O
$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
.	O


After	O
Mr.	O
Carter	B-PERSON
was	O
defeated	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
shah	O
's	O
ghost	O
claimed	O
the	O
credit	O
and	O
then	O
went	O
after	O
President	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
and	O
Cap	B-PERSON
Weinberger	I-PERSON
.	O


I	O
saw	O
what	O
he	O
did	O
to	O
them	O
firsthand	O
.	O


It	O
made	O
my	O
shoelaces	O
dance	O
with	O
terror	O
.	O


Why	O
,	O
he	O
used	O
to	O
lay	O
in	O
wait	O
for	O
Cap	B-PERSON
;	O
suddenly	O
he	O
'd	O
leap	O
from	O
behind	O
some	O
statue	O
of	O
Marshall	B-PERSON
onto	O
Cap	B-PERSON
's	O
chest	O
and	O
grab	O
him	O
by	O
the	O
throat	O
and	O
choke	O
him	O
till	O
he	O
coughed	O
up	O
an	O
additional	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
or	O
so	O
.	O


Cap	B-PERSON
added	O
four	B-CARDINAL
more	O
divisions	O
to	O
the	O
Army	B-ORG
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
active	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
reserve	O
;	O
two	B-CARDINAL
carrier	O
groups	O
to	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
;	O
a	O
division	O
--	O
equivalent	O
to	O
the	O
Marines	B-ORG
;	O
and	O
the	O
C	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
5B	I-PRODUCT
,	O
KC	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
10	I-PRODUCT
,	O
C	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
17	I-PRODUCT
and	O
a	O
thousand	B-CARDINAL
tactical	O
aircraft	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
bought	O
$	B-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
prepositioning	O
ships	O
and	O
$	B-MONEY
7	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
ammo	O
and	O
equipment	O
to	O
fill	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
parked	O
them	O
at	O
a	O
new	O
$	B-MONEY
6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
base	O
at	O
Diego	B-LOC
Garcia	I-LOC
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Indian	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
.	O


He	O
dedicated	O
all	O
these	O
new	O
forces	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
Persian	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
.	O


One	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
both	O
Marshall	B-PERSON
's	O
ghost	O
and	O
the	O
shah	O
's	O
ghost	O
together	O
caught	O
Cap	B-PERSON
and	O
threw	O
him	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


Before	O
they	O
let	O
him	O
go	O
he	O
added	O
a	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
bureaucrats	O
to	O
the	O
RDF	B-ORG
in	O
Tampa	B-GPE
and	O
renamed	O
it	O
Central	B-ORG
Command	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
gave	O
those	O
bureaucrats	O
charge	O
of	O
all	O
naval	O
operations	O
in	O
the	O
Persian	B-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
and	O
Indian	B-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
.	O


Marshall	B-PERSON
figured	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
good	O
training	O
for	O
those	O
soldiers	O
--	O
someday	O
maybe	O
they	O
would	O
get	O
the	O
whole	O
Navy	B-ORG
.	O


They	O
had	O
fun	O
moving	O
the	O
carriers	O
around	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
turned	O
out	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
forgotten	O
all	O
about	O
mine	O
sweepers	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
shah	O
still	O
kept	O
leaping	O
out	O
at	O
Cap	B-PERSON
,	O
so	O
Cap	B-PERSON
bought	O
a	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
merchant	O
ships	O
more	O
and	O
$	B-MONEY
7	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
loading	O
barges	O
,	O
ramps	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
that	O
those	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
new	O
Army	B-ORG
divisions	O
and	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Marine	B-ORG
brigades	O
could	O
unload	O
from	O
all	O
those	O
new	O
ships	O
and	O
aircraft	O
and	O
go	O
to	O
war	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Zagros	I-LOC
mountains	I-LOC
.	O


Then	O
suddenly	O
Ike	B-PERSON
's	O
ghost	O
came	O
to	O
visit	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
the	O
hell	O
are	O
you	O
doing	O
planning	O
for	O
a	O
land	O
war	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
12,000	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
away	O
?	O


We	O
'd	O
get	O
our	O
asses	O
kicked	O
.	O
''	O


Lucky	O
for	O
Cap	B-PERSON
,	O
Ike	B-PERSON
was	O
easygoing	O
and	O
soon	O
went	O
away	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
shah	O
--	O
he	O
kept	O
coming	O
back	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
found	O
itself	O
paying	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
baksheesh	O
to	O
various	O
Arab	B-NORP
potentates	O
for	O
basing	O
rights	O
around	O
the	B-LOC
Indian	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
.	O


We	O
had	O
great	O
success	O
in	O
Somalia	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
then	O
it	O
turned	O
out	O
that	O
President	O
Siad	B-PERSON
Barrah	I-PERSON
was	O
not	O
at	O
all	O
a	O
nice	O
person	O
and	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
base	O
he	O
promised	O
us	O
in	O
Berbera	B-GPE
had	O
silted	O
up	O
about	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
hundred	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
and	O
anyway	O
was	O
1,244	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
from	O
the	O
mouth	O
of	O
the	O
Gulf	B-LOC
.	O


-LRB-	O
But	O
who	O
's	O
counting	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Still	O
,	O
Berbera	B-GPE
was	O
the	O
best	O
we	O
could	O
get	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
stay	O
in	O
bed	O
with	O
President	O
Barrah	B-PERSON
.	O


All	O
these	O
reports	O
about	O
him	O
committing	O
genocide	O
are	O
probably	O
exaggerated	O
anyway	O
.	O


But	O
would	O
n't	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
now	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
spending	O
jillions	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
have	O
built	O
those	O
new	O
divisions	O
and	O
new	O
air	O
wings	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
positioned	O
all	O
these	O
ships	O
and	O
supplies	O
to	O
fight	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
in	O
Iran	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
seem	O
to	O
have	O
lost	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
subject	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
Congress	B-ORG
is	O
cutting	O
huge	O
chunks	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
defense	O
budget	O
.	O


Predictably	O
,	O
some	O
Navy	B-ORG
guys	O
said	O
:	O
``	O
Do	O
we	O
still	O
need	O
to	O
keep	O
all	O
18	B-CARDINAL
Army	B-ORG
divisions	O
on	O
active	O
duty	O
and	O
all	O
those	O
extra	O
land	O
-	O
based	O
aircraft	O
without	O
bases	O
and	O
all	O
those	O
Army	B-ORG
guys	O
playing	O
admiral	O
in	O
Tampa	B-GPE
?	O


Could	O
n't	O
we	O
save	O
$	B-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
or	O
$	B-MONEY
30	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
by	O
shifting	O
that	O
stuff	O
to	O
the	O
reserves	O
?	O


And	O
why	O
not	O
save	O
the	O
costs	O
of	O
a	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
bureaucrats	O
by	O
abolishing	O
Central	B-ORG
Command	I-ORG
and	O
putting	O
responsibility	O
for	O
Gulf	B-LOC
naval	O
operations	O
back	O
where	O
it	O
belongs	O
,	O
afloat	O
with	O
the	O
task	O
force	O
commander	O
in	O
the	O
Gulf	B-LOC
?	O


And	O
where	O
were	O
all	O
our	O
handsomely	O
paid	O
Indian	B-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
allies	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
when	O
our	O
convoys	O
were	O
being	O
attacked	O
?	O
''	O


Questions	O
like	O
that	O
really	O
stir	O
up	O
Marshall	B-PERSON
's	O
ghost	O
.	O


He	O
appeared	O
late	B-TIME
one	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
in	O
the	O
bedroom	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
defense	O
secretary	O
,	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
.	O


Marshall	B-PERSON
came	O
clanking	O
in	O
like	O
Marley	B-PERSON
's	O
ghost	O
dragging	O
those	O
chains	O
of	O
brigades	O
and	O
air	O
wings	O
and	O
links	O
with	O
Arab	B-NORP
despots	O
.	O


He	O
would	O
n't	O
leave	O
until	O
Mr.	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
promised	O
to	O
do	O
whatever	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
systems	O
analysts	O
told	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
next	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
Mr.	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
went	O
out	O
and	O
did	O
just	O
that	O
:	O
He	O
canceled	O
the	O
600	B-CARDINAL
-	O
ship	O
Navy	B-ORG
and	O
cut	O
back	O
one	B-CARDINAL
carrier	O
and	O
20	B-CARDINAL
frigates	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
canceled	O
production	O
of	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
's	O
most	O
important	O
carrier	O
aircraft	O
,	O
the	B-PRODUCT
F	I-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
14	I-PRODUCT
and	O
the	B-PRODUCT
A	I-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
6	I-PRODUCT
.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
retained	O
all	O
those	O
new	O
land	O
forces	O
.	O


Marshall	B-PERSON
's	O
ghost	O
is	O
satisfied	O
for	O
now	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
'll	O
be	O
back	O
.	O


What	O
with	O
Halloween	B-DATE
coming	O
and	O
bigger	O
defense	O
cuts	O
looming	O
,	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
bureaucrats	O
are	O
crawling	O
under	O
their	O
desks	O
.	O


They	O
know	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
hold	O
off	O
the	O
ghosts	O
only	O
a	O
little	O
while	O
longer	O
by	O
cutting	O
carriers	O
and	O
ships	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O
will	O
start	O
to	O
collapse	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
it	O
did	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
ghosts	O
and	O
banshees	O
will	O
be	O
howling	O
through	O
the	O
place	O
turning	O
people	O
's	O
hair	O
white	O
.	O


Gives	O
me	O
the	O
willies	O
just	O
thinking	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Lehman	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
Navy	B-ORG
secretary	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
managing	O
director	O
of	O
PaineWebber	B-ORG
.	O


General	B-ORG
Dynamics	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
General	B-ORG
Dynamics	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
won	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
48.2	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Army	B-ORG
contract	O
to	O
establish	O
maintenance	O
facilities	O
for	O
tracked	O
vehicles	O
in	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
.	O


Grumman	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
was	O
given	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
15	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Navy	B-ORG
contract	O
for	O
aircraft	O
-	O
electronics	O
improvements	O
.	O


Hughes	B-ORG
Aircraft	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
General	B-ORG
Motors	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
,	O
got	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
10.3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Air	B-ORG
Force	I-ORG
contract	O
for	O
airborne	O
-	O
radar	O
equipment	O
.	O


Dun	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Bradstreet	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Market	B-ORG
Data	I-ORG
Retrieval	I-ORG
unit	O
said	O
it	O
acquired	O
School	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
College	I-ORG
Construction	I-ORG
Reports	I-ORG
service	O
from	O
Intelligence	B-ORG
for	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
.	O


Terms	O
were	O
n't	O
disclosed	O
.	O


The	O
service	O
supplies	O
weekly	B-DATE
reports	O
on	O
school	O
and	O
college	O
construction	O
plans	O
.	O


Market	B-ORG
Data	I-ORG
Retrieval	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
compiler	O
of	O
educational	O
information	O
and	O
provides	O
related	O
services	O
.	O


Closely	O
held	O
Intelligence	B-ORG
in	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
,	O
of	O
Larchmont	B-GPE
,	O
N.Y.	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
an	O
educational	O
publisher	O
and	O
consultant	O
.	O


A	O
battle	O
is	O
raging	O
in	O
Venice	B-GPE
over	O
plans	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
1,200	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Italian	B-NORP
city	O
be	O
the	O
site	O
for	O
a	O
universal	O
exposition	O
in	O
2000	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
plans	O
include	O
a	O
subway	O
system	O
,	O
a	O
congress	O
center	O
,	O
floating	O
trees	O
,	O
fanciful	O
fountains	O
--	O
and	O
as	O
many	O
as	O
60,000	B-CARDINAL
additional	O
tourists	O
a	O
day	O
.	O


Expo	O
enthusiasts	O
argue	O
that	O
holding	O
the	O
fair	O
would	O
attract	O
businesses	O
,	O
create	O
jobs	O
and	O
help	O
renovate	O
abandoned	O
sections	O
of	O
town	O
.	O


But	O
opponents	O
fear	O
overcrowding	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
city	O
already	O
has	O
too	O
many	O
tourists	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
ca	O
n't	O
hold	O
them	O
all	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Pierluigi	B-PERSON
Beggiato	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
Venice	B-GPE
hoteliers	O
association	O
.	O


About	B-CARDINAL
40	I-CARDINAL
Italian	B-NORP
businesses	O
,	O
including	O
Fiat	B-ORG
S.p	I-ORG
.	I-ORG
A.	I-ORG
and	O
Ing	B-ORG
.	O
C.	B-ORG
Olivetti	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	O
have	O
formed	O
a	O
consortium	O
to	O
lobby	O
for	O
holding	O
the	O
expo	O
in	O
Venice	B-GPE
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
gambling	O
casinos	O
have	O
opened	O
in	O
Poland	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
establishments	O
--	O
two	B-CARDINAL
in	O
Warsaw	B-GPE
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
in	O
Krakow	B-GPE
--	O
accept	O
only	O
foreign	O
currency	O
and	O
are	O
joint	O
ventures	O
between	O
Polish	B-NORP
firms	O
and	O
Western	O
companies	O
.	O


Not	O
all	O
Poles	B-NORP
are	O
pleased	O
.	O


``	O
What	O
do	O
we	O
want	O
casinos	O
for	O
when	O
we	O
have	O
n't	O
got	O
anything	O
in	O
the	O
shops	O
?	O
''	O
one	B-CARDINAL
housewife	O
asked	O
.	O


But	O
Bogdan	B-PERSON
Gumkowski	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
runs	O
the	O
casino	O
at	O
Warsaw	B-GPE
's	O
Marriott	B-ORG
Hotel	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
the	O
ventures	O
would	O
help	O
Poland	B-GPE
service	O
its	O
$	B-MONEY
39	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
foreign	O
debt	O
by	O
pouring	O
dollars	O
into	O
the	O
state	O
firms	O
in	O
the	O
joint	O
ventures	O
--	O
the	O
LOT	B-ORG
airline	O
and	O
Orbis	B-ORG
tourist	O
organization	O
.	O


Algeria	B-GPE
plans	O
to	O
increase	O
natural	O
-	O
gas	O
sales	O
to	O
Europe	B-LOC
and	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Middle	I-ORG
East	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Survey	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
North	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
nation	O
is	O
holding	O
talks	O
with	O
Italy	B-GPE
for	O
adding	O
a	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
pipe	O
to	O
a	O
section	O
of	O
the	O
Trans-Mediterranean	B-FAC
pipeline	O
,	O
expanding	O
capacity	O
by	O
up	O
to	O
six	B-QUANTITY
billion	I-QUANTITY
cubic	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
a	O
year	O
from	O
12.5	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Algeria	B-GPE
also	O
wants	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
pipeline	O
through	O
Morocco	B-GPE
and	O
across	O
the	B-LOC
Strait	I-LOC
of	I-LOC
Gibraltar	I-LOC
to	O
supply	O
Spain	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
and	O
West	B-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
with	O
up	B-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
15	I-QUANTITY
billion	I-QUANTITY
cubic	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
a	O
year	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
.	O


South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
National	B-ORG
Union	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Mineworkers	I-ORG
agreed	O
to	O
suspend	O
the	O
strike	O
by	O
diamond	O
workers	O
and	O
resume	O
negotiations	O
with	O
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
Consolidated	I-ORG
Mines	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
over	O
their	O
wage	O
dispute	O
,	O
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
said	O
the	O
union	O
had	O
agreed	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
company	O
for	O
further	O
talks	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
strike	O
at	O
five	B-CARDINAL
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
mines	O
began	O
last	B-DATE
Thursday	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
9,500	B-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
a	O
total	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
NUM	B-ORG
members	O
employed	O
on	O
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
mines	O
participating	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
union	O
,	O
while	O
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
said	O
there	O
were	O
7,800	B-CARDINAL
participants	O
.	O


The	O
union	O
has	O
demanded	O
a	O
37.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
increase	O
in	O
the	O
minimum	O
wage	O
while	O
De	B-ORG
Beers	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
final	O
offer	O
was	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
17	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


A	O
35	B-CARDINAL
-	O
nation	O
environmental	O
conference	O
opened	O
in	O
Sofia	B-GPE
,	O
Bulgaria	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
gathering	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
curbing	O
the	O
fouling	O
of	O
rivers	O
and	O
lakes	O
,	O
limiting	O
damage	O
from	O
industrial	O
accidents	O
and	O
improving	O
the	O
handling	O
of	O
harmful	O
chemicals	O
.	O


West	B-NORP
German	I-NORP
Environment	O
Minister	O
Klaus	B-PERSON
Toepfer	I-PERSON
said	O
Bonn	B-GPE
is	O
convinced	O
of	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
cooperation	O
,	O
``	O
especially	O
with	O
our	O
neighbors	O
in	O
the	O
East	B-LOC
,	O
because	O
we	O
are	O
directly	O
affected	O
by	O
their	O
ecological	O
progress	O
or	O
lack	O
of	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
Canada	B-GPE
joined	O
every	O
European	B-NORP
country	O
except	O
Albania	B-GPE
at	O
the	O
meeting	O
.	O


The	O
Swedish	B-NORP
publishers	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
Estonian	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
language	O
newspaper	O
rushed	O
an	O
extra	O
edition	O
across	O
the	O
Baltic	B-LOC
on	O
Oct.	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
run	O
sold	O
out	O
in	O
one	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


Editor	O
Hasse	B-PERSON
Olsson	I-PERSON
said	O
plans	O
had	O
called	O
for	O
7,000	B-CARDINAL
copies	O
of	O
the	O
monthly	B-DATE
Are	B-ORG
Paev	I-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Paper	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
to	O
be	O
sold	O
at	O
newsstands	O
and	O
an	O
additional	B-CARDINAL
3,000	I-CARDINAL
promotion	O
issues	O
to	O
be	O
sent	O
by	O
direct	O
mail	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
13,000	B-CARDINAL
more	O
copies	O
were	O
sent	O
to	O
Estonia	B-GPE
because	O
of	O
strong	O
sales	O
.	O


The	O
Swedish	B-NORP
publishing	O
company	O
Bonniers	B-ORG
owns	O
51	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Are	B-ORG
Paev	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
Estonian	B-NORP
management	O
company	O
Minor	B-ORG
owns	O
49	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Angel	B-PERSON
Gurria	I-PERSON
,	O
Mexico	B-GPE
's	O
top	O
debt	O
negotiator	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
creditor	O
banks	O
are	O
responding	O
positively	O
to	O
Mexico	B-GPE
's	O
debt	O
-	O
reduction	O
package	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Gurria	B-PERSON
's	O
optimism	O
contrasts	O
with	O
some	O
bankers	O
'	O
views	O
that	O
the	O
deal	O
may	O
require	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
arm	O
twisting	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
U.S.	I-ORG
Treasury	I-ORG
in	O
order	O
to	O
succeed	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Gurria	B-PERSON
,	O
Mexico	B-GPE
's	O
under	O
-	O
secretary	O
of	O
the	O
ministry	O
of	O
finance	O
,	O
met	O
yesterday	B-DATE
with	O
European	B-NORP
bankers	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
at	O
the	O
half	B-CARDINAL
-	O
way	O
point	O
on	O
a	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
road	O
show	O
to	O
market	O
the	O
package	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


An	O
increasing	O
number	O
of	O
banks	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
considering	O
the	O
option	O
under	O
the	O
deal	O
whereby	O
they	O
can	O
swap	O
their	O
Mexican	B-NORP
loans	O
for	O
30	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
bonds	O
with	O
a	O
face	O
value	O
discounted	O
by	O
35	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
Mr.	O
Gurria	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
two	B-CARDINAL
options	O
consist	O
of	O
swapping	O
loans	O
for	O
bonds	O
with	O
6.25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
interest	O
rates	O
,	O
or	O
providing	O
fresh	O
loans	O
.	O


The	O
accord	O
,	O
which	O
covers	O
$	B-MONEY
52.7	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
of	O
Mexico	B-GPE
's	O
medium	O
-	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
debt	O
,	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
effect	O
in	O
early	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
top	O
film	O
actress	O
,	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Xiaoqing	I-PERSON
,	O
paid	O
$	O
4,555	B-MONEY
in	O
back	O
taxes	O
and	O
fines	O
in	O
Shandong	B-GPE
province	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
reported	O
.	O


The	O
amount	O
is	O
equal	O
to	O
about	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
earnings	O
for	O
the	O
average	O
peasant	O
,	O
who	O
makes	O
$	O
145	B-MONEY
a	O
year	O
...	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
will	O
spend	O
$	B-MONEY
9.45	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
for	O
urgent	O
maintenance	O
on	O
Tibet	B-GPE
's	O
Potala	B-FAC
Palace	I-FAC
,	O
former	O
home	O
of	O
the	O
Dalai	O
Lama	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
said	O
.	O


The	O
Dalai	O
Lama	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
just	O
awarded	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Nobel	I-WORK_OF_ART
Peace	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
lives	O
in	O
exile	O
in	O
India	B-GPE
.	O


Stanislav	B-PERSON
Ovcharenko	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
represents	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
airline	O
Aeroflot	B-ORG
here	O
,	O
has	O
some	O
visions	O
that	O
are	O
wild	O
even	O
by	O
the	O
current	O
standards	O
of	O
perestroika	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
office	O
overlooking	O
the	O
runway	O
of	O
Shannon	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
,	O
Mr.	O
Ovcharenko	B-PERSON
enthusiastically	O
throws	O
out	O
what	O
he	O
calls	O
``	O
just	O
ideas	O
''	O
:	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
he	O
suggests	O
,	O
GPA	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
international	O
aircraft	O
leasing	O
company	O
based	O
in	O
Ireland	B-GPE
,	O
could	O
lease	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
Boeing	B-ORG
jetliners	O
to	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
airline	O
.	O


Then	O
Aer	B-ORG
Lingus	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Irish	B-NORP
flag	O
carrier	O
,	O
could	O
teach	O
Aeroflot	B-ORG
pilots	O
to	O
fly	O
the	O
Boeings	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
fleet	O
could	O
be	O
based	O
here	O
at	O
Shannon	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
.	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
all	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Aer	B-ORG
Rianta	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Irish	B-NORP
airport	O
authority	O
,	O
could	O
build	O
a	O
cargo	O
terminal	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
.	O


Aeroflot	B-ORG
could	O
lease	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
cargo	O
planes	O
to	O
Aer	B-ORG
Lingus	I-ORG
,	O
through	O
GPA	B-ORG
,	O
for	O
a	O
joint	O
-	O
venture	O
cargo	O
airline	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
there	O
is	O
his	O
notion	O
of	O
an	O
Irish	B-NORP
-	O
Soviet	O
charter	O
airline	O
to	O
ferry	O
Armenians	B-NORP
to	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
via	O
Shannon	B-FAC
.	O


Have	O
the	O
freedoms	O
of	O
glasnost	O
gone	O
to	O
Mr.	O
Ovcharenko	B-PERSON
's	O
head	O
?	O


Hardly	O
.	O


The	O
Irish	B-NORP
-	O
Soviet	O
aviation	O
connection	O
is	O
alive	O
and	O
well	O
here	O
at	O
Shannon	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
.	O


GPA	B-ORG
is	O
indeed	O
talking	O
about	O
leasing	O
Western	O
planes	O
to	O
Aeroflot	B-ORG
and	O
even	O
about	O
buying	O
Soviet	B-NORP
-	O
built	O
Tupolev	B-ORG
204s	B-PRODUCT
.	O


Aer	B-ORG
Lingus	I-ORG
is	O
in	O
discussions	O
with	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
carrier	O
about	O
a	O
cargo	O
venture	O
and	O
other	O
possibilities	O
.	O


Aer	B-ORG
Rianta	I-ORG
already	O
has	O
so	O
many	O
ventures	O
with	O
Aeroflot	B-ORG
that	O
its	O
chief	O
executive	O
is	O
studying	O
Russian	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


Unlikely	O
as	O
it	O
may	O
seem	O
,	O
tiny	O
,	O
politically	O
neutral	O
Ireland	B-GPE
has	O
penetrated	O
the	O
mighty	O
Soviet	B-NORP
airline	O
bureaucracy	O
.	O


And	O
as	O
Aeroflot	B-ORG
struggles	O
to	O
boost	O
its	O
service	O
standards	O
,	O
upgrade	O
its	O
fleet	O
and	O
pursue	O
commercial	O
opportunities	O
,	O
the	O
Irish	B-NORP
aviation	O
industry	O
seems	O
poised	O
to	O
benefit	O
.	O


``	O
Irish	B-NORP
and	O
Soviet	B-NORP
people	O
are	O
similar	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Mr.	O
Ovcharenko	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
They	O
look	O
the	O
same	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
very	O
friendly	O
.	O
''	O


Moreover	O
,	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
Irish	B-NORP
companies	O
are	O
small	O
but	O
spunky	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
have	O
to	O
study	O
their	O
experience	O
very	O
well	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
must	O
find	O
any	O
way	O
to	O
get	O
business	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
groups	O
have	O
been	O
working	O
together	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
,	O
long	O
before	O
Soviet	B-NORP
joint	O
ventures	O
were	O
the	O
rage	O
in	O
the	O
West	O
.	O


Aeroflot	O
carried	O
about	B-CARDINAL
125	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
passengers	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
Shannon	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
airline	O
's	O
largest	O
transit	O
airport	O
outside	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
,	O
saw	O
1,400	B-CARDINAL
Aeroflot	B-ORG
flights	O
and	O
250,000	B-CARDINAL
passengers	O
pass	O
through	O
.	O


An	O
apartment	O
complex	O
down	O
the	O
road	O
is	O
the	O
crew	O
-	O
rest	O
and	O
staging	O
area	O
for	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
130	I-CARDINAL
Aeroflot	B-ORG
pilots	O
and	O
flight	O
attendants	O
.	O


The	O
airport	O
's	O
biggest	O
supplier	O
of	O
aircraft	O
fuel	O
is	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
.	O


Tankers	O
from	O
the	O
Latvian	B-NORP
port	O
of	O
Ventspils	B-GPE
each	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
unload	O
25	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
gallons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
fuel	O
into	O
a	O
special	O
tank	O
farm	O
at	O
the	O
airport	O
.	O


What	O
Aeroflot	B-ORG
does	O
n't	O
pour	O
into	O
its	O
own	O
gas	O
-	O
guzzling	O
Ilyushins	O
is	O
bartered	O
to	O
the	O
airport	O
authority	O
,	O
which	O
resells	O
it	O
to	O
11	B-CARDINAL
Western	O
carriers	O
including	O
Air	B-ORG
France	I-ORG
,	O
Trans	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
and	O
Pakistan	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
.	O


Aeroflot	B-ORG
thus	O
pays	O
its	O
landing	O
fees	O
,	O
ground	O
-	O
handling	O
and	O
catering	O
bills	O
with	O
fuel	O
,	O
preserving	O
its	O
hard	O
currency	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
n't	O
all	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Irish	B-NORP
airport	O
authority	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
joint	O
venture	O
with	O
Aeroflot	B-ORG
,	O
opened	O
four	B-CARDINAL
hard	O
-	O
currency	O
duty	O
-	O
free	O
shops	O
at	O
Moscow	B-GPE
's	O
Sheremetyevo	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
.	O


Aer	B-ORG
Rianta	I-ORG
now	O
manages	O
duty	O
-	O
free	O
sales	O
on	O
all	O
Aeroflot	B-ORG
international	O
flights	O
out	O
of	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


Duty	O
-	O
free	O
shops	O
in	O
Leningrad	B-GPE
's	O
Pulkova	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
opened	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
hard	O
-	O
currency	O
shops	O
in	O
Leningrad	B-GPE
hotels	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
-	O
Finnish	O
frontier	O
are	O
coming	O
soon	O
.	O


Aer	B-ORG
Rianta	I-ORG
is	O
talking	O
about	O
similar	O
joint	O
ventures	O
in	O
Tashkent	B-GPE
and	O
in	O
Sochi	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
Black	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
resort	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
has	O
a	O
computer	O
-	O
assembly	O
project	O
cooking	O
with	O
the	O
Georgian	B-NORP
city	O
of	O
Tbilisi	B-GPE
.	O


Aeroflot	B-ORG
's	O
international	O
fleet	O
of	O
285	B-CARDINAL
planes	O
is	O
being	O
repainted	O
and	O
refurbished	O
at	O
Shannon	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
.	O


Thanks	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
air	O
-	O
traffic	O
agreement	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
Irish	B-NORP
travel	O
agents	O
to	O
issue	O
Aeroflot	B-ORG
tickets	O
,	O
tourists	O
here	O
are	O
taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
Aeroflot	B-ORG
's	O
reasonable	O
prices	O
to	O
board	O
flights	O
in	O
Shannon	B-FAC
for	O
holidays	O
in	O
Havana	B-GPE
,	O
Kingston	B-GPE
and	O
Mexico	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
round	O
-	O
trip	O
fare	O
to	O
Havana	B-GPE
is	O
410	B-MONEY
Irish	I-MONEY
punts	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
$	O
578	B-MONEY
-RRB-	O
.	O


Jamaica	B-GPE
costs	O
504	B-MONEY
punts	I-MONEY
.	O


A	O
formal	O
blessing	O
of	O
sorts	O
was	O
bestowed	O
on	O
this	O
friendship	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
when	O
Mikhail	B-PERSON
and	O
Raisa	B-PERSON
Gorbachev	I-PERSON
stopped	O
here	O
for	O
talks	O
with	O
Irish	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Charles	B-PERSON
Haughey	I-PERSON
.	O


New	O
trade	O
accords	O
were	O
signed	O
.	O


It	O
all	O
started	O
with	O
geography	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
opened	O
in	O
1939	B-DATE
,	O
Shannon	B-FAC
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
landfall	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
for	O
thirsty	O
airplanes	O
flying	O
from	O
North	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
.	O


Advances	O
in	O
aircraft	O
fuel	O
efficiency	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
made	O
a	O
Shannon	B-FAC
stop	O
unnecessary	O
for	O
most	O
Western	O
air	O
fleets	O
,	O
but	O
Aeroflot	B-ORG
still	O
flies	O
inefficient	O
Ilyushins	O
that	O
ca	O
n't	O
make	O
it	O
from	O
Moscow	B-GPE
to	O
Managua	B-GPE
on	O
one	B-CARDINAL
hop	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
Ireland	B-GPE
did	O
n't	O
spurn	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
after	O
they	O
shot	O
down	O
a	O
Korean	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
Lines	I-ORG
jetliner	O
over	O
the	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
of	I-LOC
Japan	I-LOC
in	O
1983	B-DATE
,	O
though	O
it	O
suspended	O
direct	O
Moscow	B-GPE
-	O
Shannon	O
flights	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
Aer	B-ORG
Lingus	I-ORG
started	O
ferrying	O
Russians	B-NORP
from	O
Shannon	B-FAC
to	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
when	O
Washington	B-GPE
stripped	O
Aeroflot	B-ORG
of	O
its	O
U.S.	B-GPE
landing	O
rights	O
.	O


Today	O
,	O
Aer	B-ORG
Rianta	I-ORG
is	O
making	O
a	O
heap	O
of	O
money	O
from	O
its	O
Soviet	B-NORP
friendship	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
with	O
those	O
contacts	O
in	O
place	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
relatively	O
simple	O
to	O
add	O
Aer	B-ORG
Lingus	I-ORG
and	O
GPA	B-ORG
to	O
the	O
team	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
perhaps	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Ovcharenko	B-PERSON
's	O
ideas	O
would	O
n't	O
sound	O
like	O
so	O
much	O
blarney	O
.	O


The	O
development	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
Pudong	B-GPE
is	O
in	O
step	O
with	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
its	O
legal	O
system	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporters	O
Jinhu	B-PERSON
Xie	I-PERSON
and	O
Chijian	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
Pudong	B-GPE
has	O
promulgated	O
and	O
implemented	O
71	B-CARDINAL
regulatory	O
documents	O
relating	O
to	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
economics	O
,	O
trade	O
,	O
construction	O
,	O
planning	O
,	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
culture	O
and	O
education	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
ensuring	O
the	O
orderly	O
advancement	O
of	O
Pudong	B-GPE
's	O
development	O
.	O


Pudong	B-GPE
's	O
development	O
and	O
opening	O
up	O
is	O
a	O
century	B-DATE
-	O
spanning	O
undertaking	O
for	O
vigorously	O
promoting	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
and	O
constructing	O
a	O
modern	O
economic	O
,	O
trade	O
,	O
and	O
financial	O
center	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
new	O
situations	O
and	O
new	O
questions	O
that	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
encountered	O
before	O
are	O
emerging	O
in	O
great	O
numbers	O
.	O


In	O
response	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
Pudong	B-GPE
is	O
not	O
simply	O
adopting	O
an	O
approach	O
of	O
"	O
work	O
for	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
and	O
then	O
draw	O
up	O
laws	O
and	O
regulations	O
only	O
after	O
waiting	O
until	O
experience	O
has	O
been	O
accumulated	O
.	O
"	O


Instead	O
,	O
Pudong	B-GPE
is	O
taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
lessons	O
from	O
experience	O
of	O
developed	O
countries	O
and	O
special	O
regions	O
such	O
as	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
by	O
hiring	O
appropriate	O
domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
specialists	O
and	O
scholars	O
,	O
by	O
actively	O
and	O
promptly	O
formulating	O
and	O
issuing	O
regulatory	O
documents	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
ensuring	O
that	O
these	O
economic	O
activities	O
are	O
incorporated	O
into	O
the	O
sphere	O
of	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
legal	O
system	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
they	O
appear	O
.	O


Precisely	O
because	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
it	O
opened	O
it	O
was	O
relatively	O
standardized	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
drug	O
purchase	O
service	O
center	O
for	O
medical	O
treatment	O
institutions	O
,	O
which	O
came	O
into	O
being	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
Pudong	B-GPE
new	O
region	O
,	O
in	O
operating	O
up	O
to	O
now	O
,	O
has	O
concluded	O
transactions	O
for	O
drugs	O
of	O
over	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
and	O
has	O
n't	O
had	O
one	B-CARDINAL
case	O
of	O
kickback	O
.	O


Construction	O
is	O
a	O
principal	O
economic	O
activity	O
in	O
developing	O
Pudong	B-GPE
.	O


These	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
there	O
have	O
been	O
several	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
construction	O
companies	O
and	O
over	B-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
construction	O
sites	O
that	O
have	O
spread	O
out	O
all	O
over	O
this	O
stretch	O
of	O
hot	O
turf	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
standardize	O
construction	O
procedures	O
and	O
to	O
guard	O
against	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
disorderly	O
phenomena	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
region	O
's	O
management	O
committee	O
promptly	O
announced	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
documents	O
for	O
standardizing	O
the	O
construction	O
market	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
relevant	O
national	O
regulations	O
and	O
the	O
regulations	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
Municipality	I-GPE
,	O
while	O
accommodating	O
the	O
realities	O
of	O
Pudong	B-GPE
's	O
development	O
.	O


The	O
documents	O
include	O
:	O
management	O
methods	O
for	O
bidding	O
on	O
construction	O
projects	O
;	O
a	O
certain	O
number	O
of	O
regulations	O
for	O
demolition	O
and	O
removal	O
work	O
;	O
implementation	O
methods	O
for	O
fixing	O
construction	O
that	O
violated	O
regulations	O
;	O
construction	O
suggestions	O
for	O
communications	O
installations	O
and	O
cable	O
setups	O
;	O
provisional	O
methods	O
for	O
environmental	O
management	O
at	O
construction	O
work	O
sites	O
;	O
etc	O
.	O


Essentially	O
they	O
are	O
worked	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
where	O
every	O
single	O
link	O
has	O
clearly	O
defined	O
and	O
specific	O
regulations	O
.	O


When	O
a	O
construction	O
company	O
enters	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
the	O
appropriate	O
bureau	O
delivers	O
these	O
regulatory	O
documents	O
,	O
and	O
afterwards	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
specialized	O
contingent	O
that	O
carries	O
out	O
a	O
supervisory	O
inspection	O
.	O


In	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
regulatory	O
documents	O
that	O
the	O
Pudong	B-GPE
new	O
region	O
has	O
formulated	O
,	O
some	O
are	O
relatively	O
"	O
crude	O
"	O
and	O
some	O
are	O
still	O
only	O
provisional	O
regulations	O
awaiting	O
step	O
-	O
by	O
-	O
step	O
completion	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
put	O
into	O
practice	O
,	O
nevertheless	O
,	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
approach	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
legal	O
system	O
tightly	O
coupled	O
with	O
economic	O
and	O
social	O
activities	O
,	O
has	O
received	O
positive	O
comments	O
from	O
domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
investors	O
.	O


They	O
believe	O
that	O
in	O
coming	O
to	O
the	O
Pudong	B-GPE
new	O
region	O
to	O
invest	O
there	O
is	O
methodicalness	O
and	O
attention	O
to	O
rules	O
in	O
the	O
handling	O
of	O
business	O
,	O
and	O
interests	O
can	O
receive	O
safeguards	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
11	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Hong	B-PERSON
Tang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Customs	B-ORG
statistics	O
indicate	O
that	O
during	O
the	O
"	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
-LRB-	O
1990	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
1995	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
showed	O
a	O
steep	O
rising	O
trend	O
,	O
with	O
exports	O
for	O
all	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
increasing	O
43.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
imports	O
for	O
all	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
going	O
up	O
38.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
total	O
value	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
that	O
was	O
realized	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
reached	O
109.82	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
proportion	O
that	O
this	O
stood	O
for	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
country	O
's	O
total	O
import	O
-	O
export	O
value	O
rose	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
37	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
up	O
to	O
39	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
have	O
played	O
a	O
prominent	O
role	O
in	O
improving	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
export	O
commodity	O
structure	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
industrial	O
manufactured	O
goods	O
made	O
up	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
90	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
export	O
commodities	O
of	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
,	O
reaching	O
43.88	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
36.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
visibly	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
average	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
country	O
.	O


The	O
products	O
of	O
light	O
and	O
textile	O
industries	O
are	O
still	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
of	O
the	O
export	O
commodities	O
of	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
.	O


Among	O
them	O
,	O
clothing	O
is	O
the	O
commodity	O
with	O
the	O
greatest	O
export	O
volume	O
,	O
amounting	O
to	O
7.68	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
far	O
as	O
import	O
commodities	O
are	O
concerned	O
,	O
machine	O
equipment	O
and	O
industrial	O
raw	O
materials	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
12	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O


In	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
economic	O
construction	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
fourteen	B-CARDINAL
border	O
municipalities	O
that	O
are	O
open	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
attained	O
gratifying	O
results	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
,	O
these	O
municipalities	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
fulfilled	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
19	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
of	O
the	O
gross	O
domestic	O
product	O
,	O
growing	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
90	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
to	O
1991	B-DATE
,	O
before	O
they	O
had	O
opened	O
.	O


In	O
1992	B-DATE
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
successively	O
approved	O
the	O
14	B-CARDINAL
border	O
municipalities	O
Heihe	B-GPE
,	O
Pingxiang	B-GPE
,	O
Hunchun	B-GPE
,	O
Yining	B-GPE
,	O
Ruili	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
to	O
be	O
municipalities	O
open	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
it	O
also	O
sanctioned	O
those	O
municipalities	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
fourteen	B-CARDINAL
border	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
zones	O
.	O


For	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
these	O
municipalities	O
the	O
social	O
and	O
economic	O
development	O
has	O
been	O
rapid	O
,	O
the	O
local	O
economic	O
strength	O
has	O
clearly	O
been	O
enhanced	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
economies	O
have	O
grown	O
with	O
a	O
yearly	O
average	O
of	O
17	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
which	O
surpasses	O
the	O
entire	O
country	O
's	O
yearly	O
average	O
rate	O
of	O
growth	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
a	O
briefing	O
,	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
municipal	O
construction	O
and	O
of	O
construction	O
for	O
opening	O
of	O
the	O
cooperation	O
zones	O
of	O
these	O
fourteen	B-CARDINAL
municipalities	O
has	O
accelerated	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
these	O
municipalities	O
collectively	O
have	O
put	O
together	O
investment	O
in	O
fixed	O
assets	O
in	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
12	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
conditions	O
of	O
the	O
border	O
municipalities	O
in	O
former	O
times	O
,	O
with	O
"	O
buildings	O
that	O
are	O
n't	O
high	O
,	O
roads	O
that	O
are	O
n't	O
level	O
,	O
lights	O
that	O
are	O
n't	O
bright	O
,	O
water	O
that	O
is	O
n't	O
clean	O
,	O
communications	O
that	O
are	O
n't	O
smooth	O
,	O
"	O
have	O
already	O
undergone	O
a	O
transformation	O
.	O


Inside	O
the	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
zones	O
,	O
the	O
municipalities	O
have	O
already	O
developed	O
22.6	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
,	O
introduced	O
287	B-CARDINAL
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
capital	O
"	O
enterprises	O
,	O
and	O
put	O
to	O
concrete	O
use	O
890	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
.	O


Beyond	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
also	O
have	O
5,100	B-CARDINAL
enterprises	O
with	O
ties	O
inside	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
have	O
already	O
put	O
175	B-CARDINAL
industrial	O
projects	O
into	O
operation	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
the	O
pace	O
of	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
construction	O
market	O
has	O
further	O
accelerated	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
initial	O
statistics	O
,	O
at	O
present	O
there	O
are	O
already	O
137	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
contractors	O
who	O
have	O
contracted	O
for	O
projects	O
inside	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
borders	O
.	O


The	O
projects	O
they	O
have	O
contracted	O
have	O
reached	O
141	B-CARDINAL
in	O
number	O
,	O
among	O
which	O
the	O
largest	O
scale	O
project	O
reached	O
2.77	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
-	O
foreign	O
joint	O
ownership	O
and	O
cooperative	O
construction	O
enterprises	O
is	O
close	O
to	O
2,000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
construction	O
industry	O
began	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
1980's	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
plus	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
there	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
Chinese	B-NORP
enterprises	O
set	O
up	O
abroad	O
with	O
Chinese	B-NORP
capital	O
from	O
the	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
plus	O
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
of	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
England	B-GPE
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
,	O
Finland	B-GPE
,	O
Italy	B-GPE
,	O
Singapore	B-GPE
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
that	O
have	O
entered	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
carried	O
out	O
engineering	O
general	O
contracting	O
or	O
engineering	O
subcontracting	O
.	O


Among	O
the	O
225	B-CARDINAL
largest	O
international	O
contractors	O
world	O
wide	O
,	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
or	O
more	O
have	O
already	O
entered	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
among	O
them	O
not	O
a	O
few	O
companies	O
have	O
carried	O
out	O
construction	O
with	O
Chinese	B-NORP
companies	O
through	O
joint	O
ownership	O
or	O
cooperative	O
ventures	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
regulations	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Construction	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
all	O
Chinese	B-NORP
construction	O
enterprises	O
set	O
up	O
abroad	O
with	O
Chinese	B-NORP
capital	O
that	O
belong	O
to	O
projects	O
that	O
are	O
funded	O
by	O
international	O
financial	O
organizations	O
or	O
were	O
publicly	O
bid	O
for	O
internationally	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
projects	O
that	O
were	O
constructed	O
completely	O
using	O
foreign	O
investment	O
or	O
donations	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
Chinese	B-NORP
-	O
foreign	O
joint	O
ownership	O
construction	O
projects	O
that	O
domestic	O
enterprises	O
would	O
be	O
hard	O
pressed	O
to	O
independently	O
contract	O
for	O
on	O
technical	O
grounds	O
,	O
after	O
they	O
obtain	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
examination	O
and	O
approval	O
for	O
a	O
foreign	O
enterprise	O
project	O
contracting	O
capital	O
and	O
quality	O
license	O
,	O
all	O
are	O
permitted	O
to	O
enter	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
territory	O
and	O
contract	O
for	O
construction	O
projects	O
.	O


"	O
A	B-LAW
Number	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Regulations	I-LAW
Concerning	I-LAW
Establishing	I-LAW
Foreign	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
Invested	I-LAW
Construction	I-LAW
Enterprises	I-LAW
,	O
"	O
jointly	O
issued	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Construction	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Economics	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
in	O
September	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
1995	I-DATE
,	O
enabled	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
construction	O
market	O
to	O
advance	O
from	O
one	O
permitting	O
Chinese	B-NORP
enterprises	O
set	O
up	O
abroad	O
with	O
Chinese	B-NORP
capital	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
contract	O
on	O
a	O
project	O
to	O
one	O
permitting	O
Chinese	B-NORP
enterprises	O
set	O
up	O
abroad	O
with	O
Chinese	B-NORP
capital	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
manage	O
joint	O
-	O
ownership	O
construction	O
enterprises	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Lhasa	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
,	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Zhen	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
-	O


During	O
the	O
"	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
-LRB-	O
from	O
1991	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
1995	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
reform	O
in	O
Tibet	B-GPE
's	O
financial	O
system	O
,	O
adhering	O
to	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
being	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
national	O
framework	O
and	O
being	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
successfully	O
completed	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
setting	O
up	O
branches	O
for	O
all	O
levels	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
in	O
Tibet	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
brought	O
about	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
credit	O
funds	O
from	O
an	O
extensive	O
management	O
style	O
to	O
an	O
intensive	O
management	O
style	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
savings	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
region	O
broke	O
through	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
two	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	O
terms	O
of	O
annual	O
net	O
increase	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
introduction	O
given	O
by	O
Suolangdaji	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
Tibet	B-GPE
Autonomous	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
branch	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
,	O
during	O
the	O
"	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
,	O
the	O
Tibet	B-GPE
Autonomous	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
branch	O
bank	O
has	O
taken	O
the	O
lead	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
country	O
to	O
abolish	O
the	O
county	O
branch	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
on	O
July	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Tibet	B-GPE
Autonomous	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
branch	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Agricultural	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
was	O
officially	O
listed	O
and	O
went	O
into	O
operation	O
,	O
realizing	O
a	O
financial	O
system	O
that	O
is	O
structurally	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
entire	O
country	O
.	O


The	O
reform	O
in	O
the	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
system	O
has	O
been	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
entire	O
country	O
.	O


A	O
system	O
for	O
settlements	O
and	O
sales	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
sales	O
verification	O
system	O
were	O
fully	O
implemented	O
in	O
Tibet	B-GPE
,	O
effectively	O
preventing	O
the	O
outflow	O
and	O
loss	O
of	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
savings	O
and	O
loans	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
region	O
far	O
exceeded	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
economic	O
development	O
and	O
it	O
met	O
the	O
requirements	O
set	O
forth	O
at	O
the	O
financial	O
work	O
meeting	O
held	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Tibet	B-GPE
's	O
banking	O
sector	O
is	O
actively	O
adjusting	O
its	O
credit	O
structure	O
to	O
ensure	O
the	O
participation	O
of	O
key	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
agricultural	O
and	O
livestock	O
production	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
the	O
usual	O
supply	O
of	O
capital	O
funding	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
industries	O
,	O
energy	O
,	O
transportation	O
and	O
communications	O
,	O
etc.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
newly	O
increased	O
loan	O
was	O
1.441	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
800	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
compared	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
loans	O
-LRB-	O
including	O
aid	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
poor	O
loan	O
-RRB-	O
for	O
agricultural	O
and	O
livestock	O
production	O
newly	O
increased	O
by	O
438	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
compared	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
amount	O
of	O
increase	O
of	O
township	O
enterprise	O
loans	O
was	O
61.83	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
balance	O
of	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
saving	O
deposits	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
region	O
reached	O
7.163	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
41.78	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
preceding	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
savings	O
and	O
deposits	O
of	O
of	O
town	O
and	O
country	O
residents	O
was	O
1.937	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
48.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


During	O
the	O
"	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
,	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
savings	O
increased	O
by	O
five	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
net	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
-LRB-	O
1986	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
an	O
average	O
increase	O
of	O
27.49	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
per	O
annum	O
.	O


Within	O
the	O
newly	O
increased	O
savings	O
and	O
deposits	O
,	O
fixed	O
-	O
period	O
deposits	O
accounted	O
for	O
72.15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
increase	O
in	O
withdrawing	O
currency	O
from	O
circulation	O
has	O
played	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
stabilizing	O
commodity	O
prices	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
region	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
-	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
statistics	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
,	O
up	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
balance	O
of	O
loans	O
in	O
RMB	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
financial	O
organizations	O
towards	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
capital	O
enterprises	O
had	O
reached	O
99.56	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


This	O
number	O
was	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
20.33	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
a	O
growth	O
of	O
27.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
compared	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
is	O
understood	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
as	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
has	O
continued	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
the	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
has	O
continued	O
to	O
deepen	O
,	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
are	O
highly	O
enthusiastic	O
about	O
investing	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
investment	O
projects	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
investments	O
have	O
grown	O
very	O
rapidly	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
,	O
to	O
date	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
already	O
collectively	O
approved	O
nearly	O
259	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
foreign	O
investment	O
projects	O
and	O
135.4	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
foreign	O
investments	O
was	O
actually	O
put	O
to	O
use	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
already	O
more	O
than	O
120	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
operating	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
that	O
have	O
already	O
operated	O
are	O
doing	O
well	O
in	O
production	O
and	O
management	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Taxation	I-ORG
,	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
income	O
tax	O
paid	O
by	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
and	O
foreign	O
enterprises	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
was	O
7.567	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
57.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
as	O
compared	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
is	O
understood	O
that	O
currently	O
,	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
loans	O
in	O
RMB	O
acquired	O
by	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
,	O
close	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
were	O
provided	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
alone	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
provided	O
an	O
accumulated	O
total	O
of	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
69	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
of	O
RMB	O
loans	O
to	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
bank	O
also	O
issued	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
rate	O
and	O
spot	O
exchange	O
rate	O
loans	O
to	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
.	O


These	O
loans	O
were	O
mainly	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
basic	O
raw	O
materials	O
,	O
chemical	O
,	O
and	O
mechanical	O
industries	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
,	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
accumulated	O
loans	O
issued	O
at	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
rates	O
and	O
spot	O
exchange	O
rates	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
RMB	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
to	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
was	O
21	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
and	O
259.3	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
balance	O
of	O
loans	O
in	O
RMB	O
was	O
close	O
to	O
45.4	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
about	B-CARDINAL
150	I-CARDINAL
thousand	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
have	O
opened	O
accounts	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
,	O
of	O
which	O
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
enterprises	O
have	O
received	O
loan	O
support	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
.	O


A	O
relevant	O
official	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
revealed	O
that	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
will	O
continue	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
leading	O
role	O
in	O
supporting	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
loans	O
given	O
to	O
investment	O
enterprises	O
will	O
maintain	O
a	O
moderate	O
growth	O
.	O


The	O
loans	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
infrastructure	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
energy	O
sources	O
,	O
transportation	O
,	O
and	O
electrical	O
power	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
especially	O
focusing	O
on	O
large	O
-	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
scale	O
enterprises	O
set	O
up	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
by	O
large	O
foreign	O
companies	O
.	O


Beyond	O
this	O
,	O
enterprises	O
with	O
advanced	O
skills	O
,	O
high	O
technology	O
,	O
high	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
profits	O
and	O
taxes	O
will	O
receive	O
loan	O
support	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
correspondent	O
Liang	B-PERSON
Kong	I-PERSON
,	O
reporter	O
Ruge	B-PERSON
Xia	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


An	O
office	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-ORG
Customs	I-ORG
posted	O
at	O
Chongming	B-GPE
,	O
that	O
was	O
approved	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Customs	I-ORG
Head	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
to	O
be	O
set	O
up	O
,	O
was	O
established	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
has	O
already	O
officially	O
conducted	O
business	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
customs	O
organization	O
,	O
following	O
Fengxian	B-GPE
,	O
Xinzhuang	B-GPE
,	O
Jiading	B-GPE
,	O
Songjiang	B-GPE
,	O
Qingpu	B-GPE
and	O
Jinshan	B-GPE
,	O
that	O
Shanghai	B-ORG
Customs	I-ORG
has	O
set	O
up	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
further	O
advance	O
the	O
development	O
in	O
the	O
suburbs	O
of	O
an	O
economy	O
geared	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
market	O
.	O


Chongming	B-GPE
is	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
third	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
island	O
.	O


It	O
possesses	O
excellent	O
geographical	O
qualifications	O
and	O
a	O
long	O
history	O
.	O


Since	O
reform	O
and	O
opening	O
up	O
,	O
Chongming	B-GPE
county	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
development	O
in	O
economic	O
construction	O
and	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
has	O
been	O
swift	O
and	O
vigorous	O
,	O
enterprises	O
with	O
foreign	O
investment	O
have	O
been	O
continuously	O
increasing	O
in	O
number	O
,	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
commodities	O
have	O
increased	O
greatly	O
in	O
quantity	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
strong	O
counties	O
that	O
constitute	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
actual	O
strength	O
.	O


Following	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
the	O
customs	O
office	O
in	O
Chongming	B-GPE
,	O
organizations	O
inside	O
Chongming	B-GPE
county	I-GPE
can	O
handle	O
all	O
customs	O
procedures	O
without	O
stepping	O
off	O
of	O
the	O
island	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
play	O
a	O
positive	O
role	O
in	O
further	O
improving	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
in	O
Chongming	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
accelerating	O
the	O
attraction	O
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
,	O
in	O
handling	O
customs	O
procedures	O
conveniently	O
and	O
speedily	O
,	O
in	O
building	O
Chongming	B-GPE
into	O
a	O
highly	O
open	O
,	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
trading	O
port	O
geared	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
triggering	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
an	O
economy	O
geared	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
market	O
,	O
with	O
export	O
processing	O
,	O
shipping	O
transfers	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Nanning	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
14	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Shuiyu	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


A	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Beihai	B-GPE
was	O
still	O
an	O
unknown	O
small	O
fishing	O
village	O
on	O
the	B-LOC
Northern	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
,	O
yet	O
within	O
three	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Beihai	B-GPE
has	O
constructed	O
the	O
framework	O
of	O
a	O
modernized	O
city	O
:	O
on	O
the	O
streets	O
people	O
flow	O
like	O
the	O
tide	O
and	O
buildings	O
spring	O
from	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


Beihai	B-GPE
has	O
already	O
become	O
a	O
bright	O
star	O
arising	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
policy	O
of	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
.	O


Beihai	B-GPE
city	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
rise	O
to	O
prominence	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
important	O
indicators	O
of	O
the	O
remarkable	O
achievements	O
attained	O
by	O
the	B-GPE
Guangxi	I-GPE
Zhuangzu	I-GPE
Autonomous	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
in	O
its	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
Guangxi	B-GPE
has	O
initially	O
formed	O
an	O
overall	O
pattern	O
of	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
at	O
various	O
fields	O
and	O
levels	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
mutually	O
linking	O
together	O
opening	O
coastal	O
cities	O
,	O
opening	O
coastal	O
economic	O
zones	O
,	O
and	O
opening	O
border	O
cities	O
and	O
towns	O
,	O
and	O
advancing	O
from	O
the	O
seacoasts	O
,	O
the	O
borders	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
river	O
borders	O
towards	O
the	O
hinterland	O
.	O


Statistics	O
show	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Guangxi	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
trade	O
and	O
its	O
use	O
of	O
foreign	O
investments	O
has	O
expanded	O
rapidly	O
and	O
that	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
trade	O
totaled	O
10	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
of	O
which	O
exports	O
were	O
6.87	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
1.78	B-CARDINAL
times	O
and	O
1.43	B-CARDINAL
times	O
respectively	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
-LRB-	O
1986	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
actual	O
use	O
of	O
foreign	O
investments	O
added	O
up	O
to	O
3.324	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
84.4	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
sum	O
of	O
3.839	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
accumulated	O
since	O
the	O
reform	O
and	O
opening	O
up	O
started	O
.	O


Border	O
trade	O
volume	O
was	O
12.4	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Guangxi	I-GPE
Zhuangzu	I-GPE
Autonomous	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
has	O
made	O
large	O
adjustments	O
to	O
the	O
entire	O
region	O
's	O
economic	O
development	O
strategy	O
,	O
development	O
objective	O
and	O
development	O
arrangement	O
,	O
further	O
accelerating	O
the	O
reform	O
and	O
the	O
opening	O
up	O
;	O
it	O
has	O
also	O
drafted	O
three	B-CARDINAL
documents	O
for	O
attracting	O
foreign	O
capital	O
,	O
strengthening	O
horizontal	O
economic	O
integration	O
and	O
allowing	O
more	O
authority	O
for	O
foreign	O
operations	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
arrangement	O
of	O
opening	O
up	O
and	O
development	O
,	O
Guangxi	B-GPE
took	O
Beihai	B-GPE
,	O
Qinzhou	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Fangcheng	B-GPE
to	O
be	O
the	O
focal	O
points	O
for	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
;	O
fully	O
exploited	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
capital	O
Nanning	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
city	O
open	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
;	O
promoted	O
the	O
coastal	O
areas	O
,	O
border	O
areas	O
,	O
and	O
riverside	O
areas	O
to	O
open	O
up	O
further	O
;	O
properly	O
managed	O
the	B-GPE
Liuzhou	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
Municipal	I-GPE
Integrated	I-GPE
Reform	I-GPE
Experimental	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
,	O
the	B-GPE
Yulin	I-GPE
Area	I-GPE
Town	I-GPE
and	I-GPE
Country	I-GPE
Integrated	I-GPE
Reform	I-GPE
Experimental	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	B-GPE
Guilin	I-GPE
Tourism	I-GPE
Development	I-GPE
Experimental	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
;	O
and	O
established	O
the	B-LOC
Youjiang	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
Valley	I-LOC
Welfare	I-LOC
Economic	I-LOC
Development	I-LOC
Belt	I-LOC
,	O
and	O
the	B-LOC
Welfare	I-LOC
Integrated	I-LOC
Open	I-LOC
Belt	I-LOC
,	O
which	O
is	O
centered	O
on	O
the	O
Hongshui	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
hydroelectric	O
plant	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
invested	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
130	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
to	O
strengthen	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
infrastructures	O
and	O
basic	O
industries	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
sound	O
environment	O
for	O
expanding	O
the	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
.	O


To	O
further	O
expand	O
the	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
and	O
promote	O
outwardly	O
economic	O
development	O
,	O
Guangxi	B-GPE
has	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
policies	O
to	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
foreign	O
investments	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
have	O
been	O
quite	O
actively	O
investing	O
in	O
Guangxi	B-GPE
,	O
manufacturing	O
projects	O
and	O
large	O
backbone	O
projects	O
have	O
increased	O
,	O
and	O
such	O
large	O
companies	O
with	O
abundance	O
resources	O
as	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Itochu	B-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	O
Korea	B-GPE
's	O
Daewoo	B-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Changjiang	B-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
all	O
invested	O
in	O
Guangxi	B-GPE
one	O
after	O
another	O
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
capital	O
"	O
enterprises	O
in	O
Guangxi	B-GPE
passed	O
6000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Using	O
the	O
convenience	O
of	O
the	O
channels	O
to	O
the	O
sea	O
of	O
the	O
great	O
Southwest	B-LOC
,	O
Guangxi	B-GPE
has	O
also	O
strengthened	O
horizontal	O
economic	O
ties	O
with	O
provinces	O
,	O
regions	O
,	O
and	O
cities	O
such	O
as	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
,	O
Yunnan	B-GPE
,	O
Guizhou	B-GPE
,	O
Hunan	B-GPE
,	O
Tibet	B-GPE
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
etc	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
incomplete	O
statistics	O
,	O
Guangxi	B-GPE
has	O
cooperated	O
with	O
three	B-CARDINAL
provinces	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
region	O
in	O
southwest	O
China	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
,	O
Guizhou	B-GPE
and	O
Yunnan	B-GPE
provinces	O
and	O
the	B-GPE
Tibet	I-GPE
Autonomous	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
-RRB-	O
alone	O
to	O
implement	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
1000	I-CARDINAL
cooperative	O
projects	O
,	O
with	O
agreement	O
capital	O
of	O
several	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Qingzhong	B-PERSON
Tang	I-PERSON


The	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
new	O
,	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
industry	O
development	O
zone	O
has	O
actively	O
transformed	O
the	O
achievements	O
of	O
new	O
,	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
effect	O
is	O
remarkable	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
already	O
410	B-CARDINAL
enterprises	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
zone	O
,	O
among	O
which	O
223	B-CARDINAL
have	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
new	O
,	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
enterprises	O
.	O


Among	O
them	O
,	O
enterprises	O
started	O
by	O
universities	O
and	O
colleges	O
,	O
large	O
scientific	O
research	O
institutions	O
and	O
large	O
and	O
medium	O
sized	O
enterprises	O
account	O
for	O
approximately	B-PERCENT
70	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
twenty	I-CARDINAL
new	O
,	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
enterprises	O
have	O
collaborated	O
with	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
to	O
establish	O
78	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
total	O
revenue	O
from	O
technology	O
,	O
industry	O
and	O
trade	O
of	O
the	O
development	O
zone	O
reached	O
3	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
including	O
taxes	O
of	O
400	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
and	O
export	O
profits	O
of	O
20	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


This	O
development	O
zone	O
is	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
downtown	O
area	O
of	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
famous	O
Chinese	B-NORP
scenic	O
sightseeing	O
city	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
national	O
level	O
new	O
,	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
industry	O
development	O
zone	O
approved	O
for	O
construction	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
in	O
1991	B-DATE
.	O


High	O
levels	O
of	O
product	O
and	O
project	O
are	O
an	O
important	O
feature	O
of	O
this	O
zone	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
investigation	O
,	O
each	O
enterprise	O
entering	O
this	O
zone	O
has	O
one	B-CARDINAL
or	O
more	O
new	O
,	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
projects	O
or	O
products	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
550	I-CARDINAL
new	O
,	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
projects	O
or	O
products	O
in	O
the	O
zone	O
have	O
entered	O
into	O
commercial	O
production	O
or	O
marketing	O
application	O
.	O


Among	O
them	O
,	O
57	B-CARDINAL
items	O
were	O
approved	O
to	O
be	O
listed	O
in	O
the	O
national	O
,	O
provincial	O
and	O
municipal	O
Torch	B-ORG
Plan	I-ORG
and	O
their	O
quantity	O
ratio	O
is	O
tops	O
among	O
the	O
new	O
,	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
industry	O
zones	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
country	O
.	O


Key	O
developments	O
in	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
medicine	O
and	O
biotechnology	O
,	O
new	O
materials	O
,	O
computer	O
hardware	O
and	O
applications	O
,	O
photoelectric	O
integration	O
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
begun	O
to	O
take	O
shape	O
.	O


The	O
rapid	O
transformation	O
of	O
important	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
achievements	O
into	O
real	O
productivity	O
is	O
the	O
outstanding	O
feature	O
of	O
this	O
open	O
zone	O
.	O


The	O
internationally	O
advanced	O
hepatitis	O
"	O
A	O
"	O
active	O
toxin	O
reducing	O
vaccine	O
successfully	O
researched	O
and	O
produced	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
headed	O
by	O
Jiangsen	B-PERSON
Mao	I-PERSON
,	O
President	O
of	O
Zhejiang	B-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
and	O
Chinese	B-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
member	O
,	O
was	O
put	O
into	O
production	O
and	O
usage	O
after	O
official	O
approval	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Pu	I-ORG
Kang	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
produces	O
the	O
vaccine	O
in	O
this	O
zone	O
,	O
has	O
already	O
formed	O
a	O
production	O
scale	O
of	O
5	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
doses	O
per	O
year	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
great	O
significance	O
in	O
effectively	O
controlling	O
the	O
hepatitis	O
A	O
epidemic	O
.	O


The	O
transformation	O
of	O
important	O
achievements	O
in	O
new	O
material	O
is	O
especially	O
outstanding	O
in	O
this	O
zone	O
.	O


The	O
technology	O
of	O
using	O
nitrogen	O
as	O
a	O
protecting	O
gas	O
to	O
stretch	O
monocrystalline	O
silicon	O
,	O
which	O
won	O
the	O
national	O
important	O
invention	O
award	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
transformed	O
by	O
the	B-FAC
Semiconductor	I-FAC
Factory	I-FAC
of	O
Zhejiang	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
in	O
this	O
zone	O
into	O
an	O
outstanding	O
one	O
among	O
domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
products	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
class	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
annual	O
output	O
of	O
the	O
monocrystalline	O
silicon	O
has	O
reached	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
20	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
,	O
becoming	O
number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
in	O
the	O
entire	O
country	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
sales	O
market	O
extends	O
from	O
inside	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
South	B-LOC
East	I-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
to	O
many	O
European	B-NORP
and	O
American	B-NORP
countries	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE


According	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
"	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Economy	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
statistics	O
,	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
trade	O
between	O
mainland	O
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
was	O
20.9	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Of	O
this	O
volume	O
,	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
exports	O
to	O
the	O
mainland	O
was	O
17.8	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
having	O
increased	O
by	O
20	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
the	O
import	O
value	O
was	O
3.1	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
having	O
increased	O
by	O
74	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
surplus	O
in	O
trade	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
shores	O
was	O
14.7	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Statistics	O
also	O
revealed	O
that	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
business	O
investments	O
in	O
the	O
mainland	O
is	O
tending	O
to	O
increase	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
investment	O
proposals	O
presented	O
by	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
businesses	O
and	O
approved	O
by	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
authorities	O
totaled	O
490	B-CARDINAL
,	O
with	O
a	O
value	O
of	O
1.092	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
investment	O
projects	O
dropped	O
by	O
444	B-CARDINAL
as	O
compared	O
with	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
investments	O
rose	O
by	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
130	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
as	O
compared	O
with	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
24th	I-DATE


Nowadays	O
the	O
ancient	O
Beijing	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
Hangzhou	I-FAC
Grand	I-FAC
Canal	I-FAC
not	O
only	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
north	O
-	O
south	O
transportation	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
also	O
brought	O
about	O
a	O
thriving	O
industry	O
corridor	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Grand	I-LOC
Canal	I-LOC
Economic	I-LOC
Belt	I-LOC
.	O


The	B-FAC
Beijing	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Hangzhou	I-FAC
Grand	I-FAC
Canal	I-FAC
has	O
been	O
prosperous	O
since	O
ancient	O
times	O
,	O
with	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
bank	O
swarming	O
with	O
merchants	O
and	O
well	O
-	O
developed	O
trade	O
.	O


With	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
renovation	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Grand	I-FAC
Canal	I-FAC
,	O
its	O
watercourse	O
conditions	O
have	O
been	O
greatly	O
improved	O
.	O


Many	O
enterprises	O
have	O
successively	O
taken	O
a	O
fancy	O
for	O
this	B-FAC
"	I-FAC
Golden	I-FAC
Waterway	I-FAC
"	I-FAC
and	O
are	O
now	O
actively	O
investing	O
in	O
building	O
factories	O
.	O


Canal	O
bank	O
enterprises	O
are	O
spread	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
place	O
.	O


Preliminary	O
statistics	O
show	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
2,000	I-CARDINAL
enterprises	O
with	O
a	O
transportation	O
volume	O
of	O
over	B-QUANTITY
10,000	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
and	O
small	O
township	O
enterprises	O
are	O
countless	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
main	O
artery	O
of	O
water	O
transportation	O
,	O
the	B-FAC
Grand	I-FAC
Canal	I-FAC
provides	O
the	O
enterprises	O
along	O
its	O
banks	O
with	O
the	O
convenience	O
of	O
transportation	O
,	O
water	O
supply	O
and	O
drainage	O
becoming	O
a	O
thoroughfare	O
of	O
life	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
enterprises	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
person	O
in	O
charge	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Jiangsu	I-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
company	O
annually	O
transports	O
1.5	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
raw	O
materials	O
and	O
finished	O
products	O
via	O
the	B-FAC
Grand	I-FAC
Canal	I-FAC
.	O


Among	O
those	O
,	O
the	O
transportation	O
of	O
coal	O
from	O
Xuzhou	B-GPE
is	O
15	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
cheaper	O
per	O
ton	O
by	O
canal	O
than	O
by	O
land	O
.	O


This	O
alone	O
saves	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	O
costs	O
for	O
the	O
factory	O
each	O
year	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
renovation	O
of	O
the	O
canal	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Jiangsu	I-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
built	O
a	O
new	O
factory	O
district	O
on	O
the	O
opposite	O
bank	O
.	O


Using	O
its	O
own	O
funds	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
built	O
a	O
large	O
bridge	O
spanning	O
the	O
canal	O
to	O
connect	O
the	O
new	O
and	O
old	O
factories	O
together	O
.	O


The	O
enterprises	O
along	O
the	O
canal	O
involve	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
iron	O
&	O
steel	O
,	O
electrical	O
power	O
,	O
building	O
material	O
,	O
machinery	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
pillars	O
of	O
the	O
local	O
economy	O
.	O


Within	O
the	O
0.5	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometer	I-QUANTITY
area	O
of	O
Changzhou	B-GPE
along	O
the	O
canal	O
there	O
are	O
186	B-CARDINAL
large	O
-	O
scale	O
factory	O
and	O
mining	O
enterprises	O
.	O


Among	O
the	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
pillar	O
industries	O
which	O
are	O
particularly	O
cultivated	O
by	O
Changzhou	B-GPE
,	O
7	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
big	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
power	O
machinery	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
auto	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
engineering	O
machinery	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
electric	O
transmission	O
and	O
transformation	O
equipment	O
industry	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
are	O
all	O
dispersed	O
along	O
the	O
canal	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
500	I-CARDINAL
enterprises	O
along	O
the	O
canal	O
in	O
Wuxi	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
with	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
large	O
scale	O
enterprises	O
having	O
a	O
production	O
value	O
of	O
over	B-MONEY
a	I-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
becoming	O
the	O
main	O
backbone	O
of	O
the	O
economic	O
development	O
of	O
Wuxi	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


Scattered	O
along	O
the	O
canal	O
in	O
Zhenjiang	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
are	O
435	O
enterprises	O
of	O
all	O
kinds	O
with	O
an	O
annual	O
production	O
value	O
of	O
2.2	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
and	O
taxes	O
of	O
168	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


These	O
enterprises	O
are	O
the	O
main	O
backbone	O
of	O
Zhenjiang	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
130	I-CARDINAL
enterprises	O
of	O
all	O
kinds	O
are	O
built	O
along	O
the	O
riverside	O
in	O
Yangzhou	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
famous	O
brand	O
products	O
,	O
pillar	O
industries	O
,	O
export	O
-	O
oriented	O
economy	O
of	O
this	O
city	O
are	O
scattered	O
along	O
the	O
canal	O
,	O
becoming	O
a	O
new	O
growth	O
point	O
for	O
Yangzhou	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
.	O


The	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
renovation	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Grand	I-FAC
Canal	I-FAC
has	O
improved	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
of	O
the	O
cities	O
and	O
counties	O
along	O
the	O
canal	O
,	O
has	O
attracted	O
foreign	O
investment	O
with	O
its	O
benefit	O
of	O
advantageous	O
water	O
transportation	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
promoted	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
an	O
export	O
-	O
oriented	O
economy	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
foreign	O
investment	O
utilization	O
projects	O
and	O
investment	O
attraction	O
projects	O
of	O
Changzhou	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
are	O
scattered	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
canal	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
solely	O
owned	O
foreign	O
enterprises	O
that	O
build	O
their	O
factories	O
along	O
the	B-FAC
Grand	I-FAC
Canal	I-FAC
and	O
are	O
relied	O
on	O
by	O
Zhenjiang	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
with	O
even	O
more	O
joint	O
ventures	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
27th	I-DATE


While	O
the	O
bilateral	O
trade	O
volume	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
is	O
substantially	O
increasing	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
seminar	O
is	O
scheduled	O
to	O
be	O
held	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
this	O
year	O
from	O
April	B-DATE
18th	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
19th	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
large	O
-	O
scale	O
seminar	O
held	O
between	O
both	O
sides	O
,	O
meaning	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
specifically	O
for	O
discussing	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
exchanges	O
and	O
co-operation	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


Insiders	O
feel	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
provide	O
an	O
excellent	O
opportunity	O
for	O
the	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
circles	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
to	O
extend	O
exchange	O
and	O
co-operation	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
contacts	O
between	O
the	O
countries	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
have	O
been	O
developing	O
rapidly	O
.	O


By	O
September	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
Korean	B-NORP
enterprises	O
investing	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
totaled	O
5,883	B-CARDINAL
.	O


China	B-GPE
has	O
become	O
Korea	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
target	O
country	O
for	O
investment	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Chinese	B-ORG
Customs	I-ORG
statistics	O
,	O
in	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
trade	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
reached	O
16.98	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
44.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Economic	O
experts	O
estimate	O
that	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
trade	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
would	O
increase	O
to	O
25	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
at	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
large	O
-	O
scale	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
seminar	O
specifically	O
held	O
for	O
discussing	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
exchange	O
and	O
co-operation	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
,	O
authorities	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
concerned	O
ministries	O
and	O
commissions	O
will	O
focus	O
on	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
new	O
policies	O
on	O
foreign	O
trade	O
and	O
co-operation	O
that	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
announced	O
,	O
dealing	O
with	O
problems	O
capturing	O
the	O
attention	O
of	O
overseas	O
investors	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
policies	O
on	O
the	O
reduction	O
of	O
imported	O
products	O
duties	O
,	O
duty	O
refunds	O
on	O
products	O
exported	O
by	O
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
,	O
the	O
exemption	O
and	O
reduction	O
of	O
duty	O
on	O
equipment	O
imported	O
by	O
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
,	O
the	O
accounting	O
system	O
for	O
processing	O
trade	O
cash	O
deposits	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
progress	O
of	O
the	O
negotiation	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Korea	B-GPE
on	O
the	O
co-operation	O
in	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
major	O
domains	O
:	O
automotive	O
,	O
civil	O
aviation	O
,	O
high	O
definition	O
TV	O
and	O
program	O
-	O
controlled	O
switchboards	O
,	O
about	O
which	O
the	O
people	O
from	O
the	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
circles	O
are	O
concerned	O
,	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
main	O
topics	O
for	O
discussion	O
at	O
this	O
seminar	O
.	O


The	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
seminar	O
will	O
be	O
jointly	O
held	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Asian	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Cooperation	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Korean	I-ORG
Embassy	I-ORG
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Korean	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Revival	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
is	O
said	O
that	O
at	O
the	O
seminar	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
opening	O
up	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
domestic	O
domain	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
,	O
an	O
eye	O
-	O
catcher	O
especially	O
for	O
Korean	B-NORP
medium	O
and	O
small	O
-	O
sized	O
business	O
owners	O
,	O
would	O
also	O
be	O
introduced	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
28	I-DATE


In	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-GPE
Bonded	I-GPE
Area	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Shatoujiao	I-GPE
in	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
will	O
bring	O
its	O
location	O
advantages	O
and	O
policy	O
advantages	O
into	O
full	O
play	O
,	O
and	O
use	O
the	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
industry	O
as	O
the	O
forerunner	O
,	O
actively	O
restructuring	O
its	O
product	O
structure	O
,	O
and	O
implement	O
an	O
operating	O
strategy	O
assisted	O
by	O
transit	O
trade	O
and	O
warehousing	O
,	O
and	O
build	O
the	B-GPE
Shatoujiao	I-GPE
Bonded	I-GPE
Area	I-GPE
into	O
a	O
special	O
comprehensive	O
economic	O
zone	O
operating	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
international	O
practices	O
while	O
leading	O
domestically	O
,	O
and	O
make	O
it	O
a	O
rapid	O
growth	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
export	O
-	O
oriented	O
economy	O
.	O


To	O
accomplish	O
the	O
above	O
program	O
,	O
the	B-GPE
Shatoujiao	I-GPE
Bonded	I-GPE
Area	I-GPE
not	O
only	O
continues	O
to	O
perfect	O
its	O
relevant	O
material	O
conditions	O
and	O
conditions	O
such	O
as	O
policy	O
regulation	O
,	O
management	O
system	O
,	O
operating	O
mechanism	O
,	O
qualified	O
personnel	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
put	O
forward	O
the	O
following	O
measures	O
as	O
a	O
guarantee	O
.	O


-	O
-	O
Operate	O
in	O
real	O
accordance	O
with	O
international	O
practices	O
.	O


Take	O
the	O
internationally	O
prevailing	O
"	O
Free	O
Trade	O
Zone	O
"	O
as	O
a	O
reference	O
objective	O
.	O


Adopt	O
"	O
inside	O
the	O
territory	O
but	O
outside	O
the	O
customs	O
"	O
as	O
the	O
jurisdiction	O
model	O
.	O


Gradually	O
realize	O
the	O
free	O
circulation	O
of	O
personnel	O
,	O
goods	O
,	O
funds	O
between	O
the	O
zone	O
and	O
overseas	O
,	O
and	O
realize	O
full	O
coupling	O
with	O
international	O
markets	O
.	O


-	O
-	O
Continue	O
to	O
optimize	O
the	O
hard	O
environment	O
and	O
soft	O
environment	O
of	O
investment	O
.	O


Make	O
the	O
establishing	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Bonded	I-ORG
Area	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
as	O
a	O
turning	O
point	O
to	O
realize	O
leadership	O
centralization	O
,	O
institution	O
integration	O
,	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
station	O
"	O
work	O
style	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
process	O
-	O
coordinated	O
"	O
service	O
.	O


-	O
-	O
Actively	O
implement	O
the	O
task	O
of	O
attracting	O
merchants	O
and	O
luring	O
investments	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
step	O
of	O
attracting	O
investments	O
should	O
be	O
accelerated	O
;	O
industry	O
structures	O
,	O
product	O
structures	O
and	O
enterprise	O
structures	O
will	O
be	O
gradually	O
adjusted	O
.	O


"	O
Three	B-CARDINAL
transformations	O
"	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
realized	O
:	O
to	O
immediately	O
develop	O
from	O
single	O
export	O
processing	O
to	O
comprehensive	O
functionality	O
,	O
to	O
transform	O
from	O
a	O
focus	O
on	O
traditional	O
industries	O
into	O
focusing	O
on	O
developing	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
technology	O
industry	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
transform	O
from	O
a	O
focus	O
on	O
scattered	O
,	O
small	O
-	O
scale	O
investment	O
attraction	O
into	O
actively	O
introducing	O
large	O
industry	O
&	O
trade	O
projects	O
from	O
foreign	O
multinational	O
companies	O
and	O
groups	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
"	O
ninth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
of	O
Shatoujiao	B-GPE
Bonded	I-GPE
Area	I-GPE
,	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
bonded	O
area	O
's	O
annual	O
production	O
value	O
of	O
export	O
processing	O
will	O
reach	O
15	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
annual	O
export	O
profit	O
will	O
be	O
1.5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
total	O
annual	O
import	O
trade	O
will	O
be	O
200	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
annual	O
warehousing	O
capacity	O
will	O
be	O
200,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Shatoujiao	B-GPE
Bonded	I-GPE
Area	I-GPE
is	O
currently	O
the	O
earliest	O
established	O
bonded	O
area	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
whose	O
various	O
economic	O
indicators	O
still	O
tops	O
trade	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
country	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
realized	O
an	O
industrial	O
production	O
value	O
of	O
2.05	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
earned	O
150	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
from	O
export	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
traveling	O
merchants	O
from	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
have	O
successively	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
bonded	O
area	O
to	O
invest	O
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
December	I-DATE
,	O
an	O
accumulative	O
total	O
of	O
216	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
had	O
been	O
approved	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
29th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jinsheng	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON


The	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Statistical	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
forecasts	O
that	O
the	O
global	O
economy	O
will	O
continue	O
growing	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
and	O
that	O
this	O
favorable	O
situation	O
is	O
extremely	O
beneficial	O
for	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
development	O
and	O
will	O
provide	O
many	O
development	O
opportunities	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
forecast	O
,	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
global	O
economic	O
growth	O
rate	O
will	O
reach	O
4.1	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
main	O
factor	O
promoting	O
economic	O
growth	O
is	O
the	O
still	O
powerful	O
economic	O
development	O
in	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
region	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
region	O
's	O
economic	O
growth	O
rate	O
will	O
reach	O
7.9	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
,	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
growth	O
rate	O
possibly	O
being	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
9.7	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Statistical	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
extremely	O
favorable	O
conditions	O
for	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
development	O
mainly	O
comprise	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
aspects	O
:	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
being	O
the	O
sustained	O
growth	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
and	O
international	O
trade	O
,	O
which	O
indicates	O
the	O
steady	O
expansion	O
of	O
international	O
market	O
demands	O
,	O
provides	O
a	O
comparatively	O
favorable	O
international	O
environment	O
for	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
export	O
trade	O
development	O
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
is	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
large	O
margin	O
reduction	O
of	O
tariffs	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
which	O
will	O
further	O
improve	O
its	O
investment	O
environment	O
and	O
attract	O
more	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
invest	O
.	O


The	O
analysis	O
shows	O
that	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
situation	O
of	O
greater	O
opportunity	O
and	O
extremely	O
favorable	O
international	O
situations	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
development	O
still	O
faces	O
severe	O
challenges	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


With	O
a	O
background	O
of	O
rapid	O
economic	O
development	O
,	O
there	O
still	O
exist	O
many	O
difficulties	O
,	O
among	O
these	O
are	O
outstanding	O
problems	O
such	O
as	O
inflation	O
,	O
a	O
weak	O
agricultural	O
base	O
,	O
insufficient	O
vitality	O
in	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


While	O
implementing	O
global	O
trade	O
liberalization	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
must	O
implement	O
reforms	O
on	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
improve	O
its	O
own	O
competitiveness	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
some	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
are	O
having	O
management	O
difficulties	O
,	O
moreover	O
the	O
debt	O
of	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
reaches	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
700	O
billion	O
yuan	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
product	O
quality	O
is	O
uneven	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
improvement	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
difficult	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
competition	O
in	O
overseas	O
markets	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
analysis	O
,	O
at	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
rising	O
speed	O
of	O
developing	O
countries	O
'	O
economies	O
also	O
makes	O
China	B-GPE
face	O
fierce	O
international	O
competition	O
in	O
domains	O
such	O
as	O
attracting	O
foreign	O
funds	O
,	O
introducing	O
technology	O
,	O
expanding	O
markets	O
and	O
developing	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
industries	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
29th	I-DATE


A	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
successfully	O
issued	O
30	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
of	O
samurai	O
bonds	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
capital	O
market	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
has	O
issued	O
bonds	O
on	O
the	O
international	O
capital	O
market	O
,	O
with	O
Japan	B-ORG
Nomura	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Industrial	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Japan	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
being	O
the	O
main	O
co-issuers	O
,	O
and	O
having	O
a	O
maturation	O
time	O
of	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
with	O
a	O
lump	O
sum	O
payment	O
at	O
maturation	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
investigations	O
,	O
the	O
conditions	O
for	O
this	O
issuing	O
of	O
samurai	O
bonds	O
have	O
been	O
fairly	O
preferential	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
funds	O
raised	O
will	O
be	O
used	O
mainly	O
for	O
key	O
national	O
construction	O
projects	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Guangdong	I-ORG
Ling'ao	I-ORG
Nuclear	I-ORG
Power	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
,	O
Yimin	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Power	I-ORG
Plant	I-ORG
,	O
Suizhong	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Power	I-ORG
Plant	I-ORG
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Since	O
its	O
establishment	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
has	O
raised	O
large	O
quantities	O
of	O
capital	O
for	O
key	O
national	O
construction	O
projects	O
.	O


In	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
successfully	O
organized	O
50	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
loans	O
from	O
foreign	O
syndicates	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
undertook	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
foreign	O
export	O
credit	O
for	O
the	O
projects	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Ling'ao	I-ORG
Nuclear	I-ORG
Power	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Qinshan	I-ORG
Nuclear	I-ORG
Power	I-ORG
,	O
etc	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
aspect	O
of	O
both	O
national	O
capital	O
and	O
foreign	O
capital	O
,	O
it	O
continually	O
increases	O
support	O
for	O
key	O
construction	O
projects	O
and	O
has	O
played	O
an	O
active	O
role	O
in	O
promoting	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Haikou	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
3rd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Xin	B-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON


Concerned	O
experts	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Reform	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
Hainan	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
recently	O
put	O
forward	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
proposals	O
on	O
the	O
further	O
expansion	O
of	O
Hainan	B-GPE
's	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
.	O


Experts	O
think	O
that	O
among	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
special	O
economic	O
zones	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
Hainan	B-GPE
's	O
geographical	O
location	O
,	O
resource	O
conditions	O
and	O
economic	O
development	O
situation	O
are	O
comparatively	O
special	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
should	O
further	O
expand	O
its	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
and	O
take	O
the	O
lead	O
in	O
bringing	O
about	O
the	O
coupling	O
of	O
Asia	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
region	I-LOC
economic	O
integration	O
and	O
international	O
trade	O
liberalization	O
.	O


The	O
proposals	O
put	O
forward	O
that	O
Hainan	B-GPE
should	O
take	O
the	O
following	O
measures	O
soon	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
is	O
to	O
continue	O
encouraging	O
and	O
supporting	O
foreign	O
investment	O
,	O
accelerate	O
realization	O
of	O
requirements	O
for	O
accelerating	O
development	O
and	O
construction	O
mainly	O
through	O
taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
foreign	O
investments	O
put	O
forward	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
is	O
to	O
adopt	O
preferential	O
policies	O
within	O
a	O
certain	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
to	O
vigorously	O
promote	O
modern	O
agriculture	O
and	O
international	O
tourism	O
.	O


The	O
third	B-ORDINAL
is	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
constructing	O
of	O
Yangpu	B-GPE
Bonded	I-GPE
Area	I-GPE
and	O
Sanya	B-GPE
into	O
an	O
international	O
tourist	O
city	O
as	O
a	O
battering	O
ram	O
to	O
bring	O
along	O
the	O
whole	O
island	O
's	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
.	O


These	O
proposals	O
are	O
divided	O
into	O
six	B-CARDINAL
parts	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
:	O
to	O
accelerate	O
the	O
development	O
and	O
construction	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Yangpu	I-GPE
Bonded	I-GPE
Area	I-GPE
according	O
to	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
"	O
opening	O
up	O
one	B-CARDINAL
and	O
limiting	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
"	O
;	O
to	O
build	O
Sanya	B-GPE
into	O
an	O
international	O
tourist	O
city	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
by	O
drawing	O
on	O
international	O
experience	O
;	O
to	O
support	O
and	O
encourage	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Hainan	B-GPE
's	O
tropical	O
agriculture	O
and	O
processing	O
industry	O
by	O
adopting	O
preferential	O
policies	O
;	O
to	O
diligently	O
strive	O
for	O
achieving	O
free	O
trade	O
for	O
Qiongtai	B-GPE
agriculture	O
;	O
to	O
encourage	O
and	O
support	O
Hainan	B-GPE
's	O
co-operation	O
with	O
foreign	O
investment	O
and	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
South	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
natural	O
resources	O
;	O
to	O
allow	O
and	O
encourage	O
Hainan	B-GPE
to	O
boldly	O
perform	O
various	O
reform	O
experiments	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
further	O
expanding	O
the	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Proposals	O
also	O
put	O
forward	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
concrete	O
measures	O
and	O
key	O
points	O
of	O
policy	O
to	O
be	O
realized	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Yichang	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
8th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yongfeng	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON


The	O
Three	B-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
project	I-ORG
on	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
has	O
recently	O
introduced	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
foreign	O
capital	O
.	O


The	O
loan	O
,	O
a	O
sum	O
of	O
12.5	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
is	O
an	O
export	O
credit	O
provided	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
project	I-ORG
by	O
the	O
Canadian	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
used	O
mainly	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
system	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
project	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
project	O
management	O
system	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
project	I-ORG
will	O
introduce	O
scientific	O
management	O
methods	O
and	O
advanced	O
computer	O
technology	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
MAI	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	O
Canada	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
uses	O
the	O
project	O
database	O
management	O
system	O
as	O
the	O
core	O
component	O
in	O
its	O
control	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
process	O
of	O
designing	O
,	O
planning	O
,	O
contracting	O
,	O
financing	O
,	O
goods	O
and	O
materials	O
,	O
equipment	O
,	O
construction	O
and	O
installation	O
of	O
each	O
subproject	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
project	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
October	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
1995	I-DATE
,	O
Youmei	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
,	O
went	O
to	O
Canada	B-GPE
to	O
sign	O
the	O
related	O
business	O
contracts	O
.	O


This	O
export	O
credit	O
project	O
is	O
entrusted	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
as	O
the	O
acting	O
bank	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
commercial	O
agent	O
is	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Electronics	I-ORG
Import	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
.	O


On	O
February	B-DATE
28th	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
Branch	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
signed	O
the	O
agreement	O
contract	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Yangtze	I-ORG
River	I-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
to	O
transfer	O
the	O
loan	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
10th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Yinkang	B-PERSON
Cao	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Zhejiang	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
will	O
further	O
raise	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
,	O
diligently	O
expand	O
its	O
foreign	O
trade	O
,	O
and	O
use	O
foreign	O
funds	O
and	O
international	O
economic	O
and	O
technical	O
co-operation	O
to	O
progressively	O
perfect	O
its	O
marketing	O
network	O
of	O
foreign	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
business	O
.	O


This	O
objective	O
is	O
stipulated	O
in	O
the	O
outline	O
of	O
the	O
foreign	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
development	O
plan	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
ninth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
-LRB-	O
1996	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
formulated	O
by	O
Zhejiang	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
.	O


Up	O
to	O
now	O
,	O
34	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
and	O
counties	O
in	O
this	O
province	O
are	O
listed	O
as	O
coastal	O
open	O
economy	O
cities	O
and	O
counties	O
,	O
covering	O
44	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
's	O
total	O
area	O
,	O
among	O
which	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
7	B-CARDINAL
national	O
level	O
development	O
zones	O
of	O
various	O
kinds	O
and	O
some	O
provincial	O
level	O
economic	O
development	O
zones	O
and	O
provincial	O
level	O
agricultural	O
development	O
zones	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Additionally	O
,	O
Daxie	B-GPE
Island	I-GPE
of	O
Ningbo	B-GPE
,	O
whose	O
whole	O
-	O
area	O
development	O
and	O
construction	O
was	O
approved	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
implementing	O
preferential	O
policies	O
for	O
the	O
economic	O
and	O
technological	O
development	O
zone	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
also	O
decided	O
,	O
in	O
Zhejiang	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
development	O
program	O
for	O
the	O
"	O
ninth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
,	O
that	O
from	O
now	O
on	O
the	O
focus	O
should	O
be	O
on	O
comprehensively	O
promoting	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
and	O
on	O
taking	O
development	O
to	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
,	O
a	O
wider	O
domain	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
greater	O
depth	O
.	O


It	O
should	O
center	O
on	O
fully	O
playing	O
its	O
role	O
as	O
a	O
forerunner	O
in	O
such	O
central	O
cities	O
as	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
Ningbo	B-GPE
,	O
Wenzhou	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
strengthen	O
and	O
accelerate	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
the	O
opening	O
up	O
of	O
Zhejiang	B-GPE
's	O
Midwest	O
areas	O
and	O
agriculture	O
,	O
the	O
islands	O
and	O
the	O
sea	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
,	O
and	O
should	O
explore	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
foreign	I-NORP
joint	O
investment	O
and	O
co-operation	O
experiments	O
in	O
expanding	O
finance	O
and	O
retail	O
commerce	O
,	O
and	O
strive	O
to	O
create	O
new	O
advantages	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
and	O
opening	O
up	O
of	O
the	O
Yangtze	B-LOC
Delta	I-LOC
economic	O
belt	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
investigations	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Zhejiang	B-GPE
will	O
vigorously	O
implement	O
the	O
'	O
dragon	O
's	O
head	O
'	O
program	O
for	O
exporting	O
commodities	O
,	O
start	O
up	O
its	O
foreign	O
trade	O
development	O
funds	O
,	O
cause	O
the	O
growth	O
pattern	O
of	O
foreign	O
exports	O
to	O
change	O
from	O
an	O
extensive	O
,	O
quantitative	O
model	O
to	O
an	O
intensive	O
,	O
results	O
-	O
oriented	O
model	O
,	O
and	O
form	O
new	O
growth	O
advantages	O
for	O
foreign	O
trade	O
exports	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
guide	O
the	O
foreign	O
funds	O
mainly	O
to	O
their	O
utilization	O
in	O
the	O
investment	O
of	O
infrastructure	O
facilities	O
,	O
raw	O
material	O
industry	O
,	O
agriculture	O
,	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
and	O
new	O
industries	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
actively	O
explore	O
such	O
investment	O
methods	O
as	O
enterprise	O
property	O
rights	O
transfer	O
,	O
etc.	O
and	O
open	O
up	O
new	O
channels	O
for	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
funds	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
target	O
set	O
for	O
this	O
program	O
,	O
by	O
2000	B-DATE
,	O
Zhejiang	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
total	O
volume	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
will	O
reach	O
20	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
including	O
15	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
from	O
exports	O
and	O
5	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
from	O
imports	O
;	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
foreign	O
funds	O
to	O
be	O
utilized	O
during	O
the	O
"	O
ninth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
will	O
reach	O
6	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
including	O
5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
direct	O
investment	O
by	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Fuzhou	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Ting	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Among	O
village	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
town	O
enterprise	O
development	O
,	O
which	O
accounts	O
for	O
"	O
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
province	O
"	O
of	O
Fujian	B-GPE
's	O
gross	O
economic	O
volume	O
,	O
the	O
southeast	O
Fujian	B-GPE
area	O
continues	O
to	O
play	O
the	O
dragon	O
's	O
head	O
role	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
gross	O
economic	O
magnitude	O
of	O
the	O
village	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
town	O
enterprises	O
of	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
regional	O
cities	O
of	O
Fuzhou	B-GPE
,	O
Xiamen	B-GPE
,	O
Quanzhou	B-GPE
,	O
Zhangzhou	B-GPE
and	O
Putian	B-GPE
accounted	O
for	O
over	B-PERCENT
70	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Fujian	B-ORG
Village	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Town	I-ORG
Enterprises	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
statistics	O
,	O
in	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
total	O
output	O
value	O
of	O
Fujian	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
village	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
town	O
enterprises	O
reached	O
238.15	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
,	O
of	O
which	O
155.9	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
was	O
from	O
industrial	O
output	O
,	O
creating	O
a	O
profit	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
whole	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
10.9	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
GNP	O
created	O
by	O
village	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
town	O
enterprises	O
accounted	O
for	O
approximately	O
1/3	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Fujian	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
'	I-GPE
GNP	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
"	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
-LRB-	O
1991	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
1995	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Fujian	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
village	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
town	O
enterprises	O
turned	O
over	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
18.56	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
in	O
taxes	O
,	O
with	O
completed	O
export	O
delivery	O
volume	O
of	O
105.5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
.	O


There	O
are	O
already	O
11	B-CARDINAL
village	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
town	O
enterprises	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
province	O
that	O
have	O
ascended	O
to	O
the	O
ranks	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
village	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
town	O
enterprises	O
with	O
the	O
best	O
economic	O
benefit	O
"	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
village	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
town	O
enterprises	O
or	O
village	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
town	O
enterprise	O
groups	O
which	O
possess	O
higher	O
technology	O
and	O
have	O
comparatively	O
sufficient	O
development	O
stamina	O
have	O
emerged	O
in	O
Fujian	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
,	O
among	O
the	O
191	B-CARDINAL
village	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
town	O
enterprise	O
groups	O
founded	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
province	O
,	O
over	B-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
have	O
achieved	O
an	O
output	O
value	O
of	O
over	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
.	O


Some	O
have	O
even	O
reached	O
output	O
volumes	O
of	O
500	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
.	O


The	B-GPE
Fuxing	I-GPE
Investment	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
in	O
Fuzhou	B-GPE
's	O
Gushan	B-GPE
Town	I-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
Qiaotou	I-GPE
Industrial	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
in	O
Jinjiang	B-GPE
's	O
Anhai	B-GPE
have	O
both	O
become	O
national	O
models	O
of	O
village	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
town	O
enterprises	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Huhhot	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Tao	B-PERSON
He	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Recently	O
,	O
the	B-GPE
Hulun	I-GPE
Buir	I-GPE
League	I-GPE
in	O
Inner	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Mongolia	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
is	O
located	O
on	O
the	O
open	O
frontier	O
area	O
along	O
the	O
border	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
adopted	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
measures	O
to	O
vigorously	O
improve	O
its	O
investment	O
environment	O
,	O
and	O
accelerate	O
opening	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
.	O


The	B-GPE
Hulun	I-GPE
Buir	I-GPE
League	I-GPE
lies	O
on	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
northern	O
border	O
frontier	O
,	O
neighboring	O
on	O
Russia	B-GPE
and	O
Mongolia	B-GPE
.	O


Along	O
the	O
almost	O
1600	B-QUANTITY
kilometer	I-QUANTITY
long	O
borderline	O
,	O
inside	O
the	O
territory	O
,	O
9	B-CARDINAL
category	O
one	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
national	O
ports	O
are	O
distributed	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
bring	O
its	O
locational	O
advantage	O
into	O
full	O
play	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
further	O
accelerate	O
opening	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
,	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
latter	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-GPE
Hulun	I-GPE
Buir	I-GPE
League	I-GPE
has	O
carefully	O
summarized	O
problems	O
and	O
inadequacies	O
in	O
its	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
vigorously	O
developing	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
"	O
creating	O
a	O
favorable	O
environment	O
for	O
opening	O
up	O
"	O
.	O


Since	O
October	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-GPE
Hulun	I-GPE
Buir	I-GPE
League	I-GPE
promulgated	O
a	O
new	O
"	O
preferential	O
policy	O
for	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
"	O
.	O


To	O
deter	O
improper	O
charges	O
,	O
improper	O
fines	O
and	O
improper	O
setting	O
up	O
of	O
toll	O
gates	O
,	O
it	O
not	O
only	O
ordered	O
cancellation	O
of	O
148	B-CARDINAL
items	O
of	O
unreasonable	O
charges	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
implemented	O
the	O
system	O
of	O
"	O
the	O
transparent	O
payment	O
card	O
and	O
registration	O
card	O
"	O
for	O
both	O
collective	O
and	O
private	O
economies	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
the	O
whole	O
League	B-GPE
has	O
gotten	O
rid	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
20	B-CARDINAL
check	O
points	O
of	O
various	O
kinds	O
.	O


In	O
Hailar	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
the	O
focus	O
has	O
been	O
placed	O
on	O
rectifying	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
low	O
work	O
efficiency	O
.	O


The	O
speed	O
of	O
examining	O
and	O
approving	O
the	O
three	O
-	O
capital	O
enterprises	O
has	O
been	O
limited	O
from	O
originally	O
about	O
one	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
to	O
within	B-DATE
seven	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
League	B-GPE
has	O
begun	O
to	O
put	O
into	O
practice	O
a	O
working	O
system	O
of	O
a	O
one	O
page	O
form	O
,	O
one	O
photograph	O
,	O
one	O
identity	O
card	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
day	O
turnaround	O
for	O
business	O
license	O
applications	O
for	O
individuals	O
and	O
privately	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Commodities	I-ORG
Inspection	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
has	O
shortened	O
production	O
area	O
inspection	O
time	O
from	O
originally	O
7	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
to	O
1	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
3	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Inspection	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Heishantou	I-ORG
Port	I-ORG
has	O
shortened	O
the	O
procedures	O
for	O
leaving	O
and	O
entering	O
the	O
territory	O
from	O
originally	O
2	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
3	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
to	O
1	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


Thus	O
far	O
,	O
the	O
thirteen	B-CARDINAL
banner	O
cities	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Hulun	I-GPE
Buir	I-GPE
League	I-GPE
have	O
already	O
been	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
national	O
direct	O
dialing	O
telephone	O
network	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
become	O
the	O
largest	O
local	O
telephone	O
network	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Such	O
cities	O
as	O
Hailar	B-GPE
,	O
Manchuria	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
successively	O
built	O
more	O
than	O
10	B-CARDINAL
star	O
-	O
level	O
hotels	O
and	O
restaurants	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-FAC
Hailar	I-FAC
airfield	I-FAC
was	O
upgraded	O
into	O
an	O
international	O
aviation	O
port	O
.	O


The	B-FAC
301	I-FAC
national	I-FAC
highway	I-FAC
which	O
connects	O
Hailar	B-GPE
and	O
Manchuria	B-GPE
was	O
built	O
and	O
put	O
into	O
use	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
trial	O
voyage	O
for	O
shipping	O
on	O
the	B-LOC
Erguna	I-LOC
river	I-LOC
was	O
successful	O
.	O


All	O
this	O
forms	O
a	O
new	O
pattern	O
of	O
railway	O
,	O
highway	O
,	O
waterway	O
and	O
airway	O
traffic	O
for	O
the	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
opening	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
and	O
multi-access	O
trading	O
in	O
Hulun	B-GPE
Buir	I-GPE
League	I-GPE
,	O
meeting	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
what	O
national	O
and	O
foreign	O
traveling	O
merchants	O
focus	O
on	O
for	O
sightseeing	O
and	O
business	O
negotiations	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Hulun	I-GPE
Buir	I-GPE
League	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
improvement	O
in	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
has	O
attracted	O
one	O
after	O
another	O
solid	O
investment	O
,	O
advanced	O
experience	O
and	O
advanced	O
technology	O
from	O
large	O
consortia	O
and	O
large	O
enterprises	O
from	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
.	O


Taiping	B-ORG
Mining	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
of	O
Canada	B-GPE
has	O
invested	O
29.7	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
to	O
jointly	O
establish	O
a	O
limited	O
liability	O
company	O
with	O
lead	O
,	O
zinc	O
and	O
silver	O
mines	O
in	O
Hulun	B-GPE
Buir	I-GPE
League	I-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Specially	I-ORG
United	I-ORG
Investment	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
of	O
Switzerland	B-GPE
has	O
invested	O
20	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
to	O
jointly	O
establish	O
an	O
electrical	O
power	O
station	O
of	O
600,000	B-QUANTITY
kilowatt	I-QUANTITY
capacity	O
with	O
the	B-FAC
Borishely	I-FAC
Coal	I-FAC
Mine	I-FAC
.	O


The	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
Global	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Manchurian	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
have	O
jointly	O
restructured	O
the	B-ORG
Manchurian	I-ORG
Clothing	I-ORG
Factory	I-ORG
.	O


According	O
to	O
incomplete	O
statistics	O
,	O
since	O
1994	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-GPE
Hulun	I-GPE
Buir	I-GPE
League	I-GPE
has	O
freshly	O
established	O
42	B-CARDINAL
three	O
-	O
capital	O
enterprises	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
introduced	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
40	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
foreign	O
funds	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
than	O
60	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
of	O
domestic	O
funds	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
introduced	O
more	O
than	O
30	B-CARDINAL
advanced	O
technology	O
projects	O
from	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
established	O
more	O
than	O
100	B-CARDINAL
cooperative	O
partnerships	O
in	O
places	O
such	O
as	O
northeast	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
east	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
south	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
etc	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
investigations	O
,	O
last	O
year	O
the	B-GPE
Hulun	I-GPE
Buir	I-GPE
League	I-GPE
finished	O
a	O
barter	O
trade	O
of	O
350	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
which	O
was	O
several	O
times	O
the	O
spot	O
transactions	O
concluded	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Exports	O
earned	O
a	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
of	O
10.37	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
which	O
is	O
more	O
than	O
4	B-CARDINAL
times	O
that	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Economic	O
and	O
technology	O
cooperation	O
completed	O
28.3	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
which	O
was	O
1.5	B-CARDINAL
times	O
that	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
by	O
wire	O
-	O


According	O
to	O
statistical	O
data	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Customs	I-ORG
Head	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
,	O
up	O
to	O
February	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
trade	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
have	O
continued	O
to	O
maintain	O
a	O
growth	O
trend	O
.	O


The	O
total	O
value	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
reached	O
36.1	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
13.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Of	O
this	O
amount	O
,	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
exports	O
was	O
17.83	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
decreasing	O
by	O
1.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
imports	O
was	O
18.27	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
34.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Up	O
to	O
February	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
general	O
trade	O
exports	O
have	O
decreased	O
noticeably	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
trade	O
of	O
the	O
processing	O
industries	O
continued	O
to	O
increase	O
steadily	O
.	O


The	O
total	O
value	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
for	O
the	O
processing	O
industries	O
trade	O
reached	O
18.49	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
23.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
accounting	O
for	O
51.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
value	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
.	O


The	O
gross	O
value	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
from	O
Special	O
Economic	O
Zones	O
was	O
4.29	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
a	O
growth	O
of	O
3.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
gross	O
value	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
from	O
bonded	O
areas	O
was	O
490	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
1.3	B-CARDINAL
times	O
.	O


Import	O
and	O
export	O
trade	O
in	O
electromechanical	O
products	O
continued	O
to	O
increase	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
proportion	O
in	O
total	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
continued	O
to	O
climb	O
.	O


Within	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
exports	O
was	O
5.79	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
32.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
total	O
exports	O
,	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
imports	O
was	O
8.52	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
46.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
imports	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
had	O
risen	O
compared	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
exports	O
of	O
major	O
light	O
and	O
textile	O
industry	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
agricultural	O
and	O
sideline	O
products	O
decreased	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Except	O
for	O
very	O
few	O
products	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
steel	O
,	O
sugar	O
and	O
automobiles	O
,	O
other	O
major	O
import	O
products	O
increased	O
across	O
the	O
board	O
.	O


Of	O
these	O
,	O
the	O
import	O
of	O
primarily	O
formed	O
plastic	O
was	O
1.1	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
47.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
with	O
a	O
value	O
of	O
950	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
representing	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
single	O
import	O
commodity	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Up	O
to	O
February	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
gross	O
value	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
from	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
was	O
16.59	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
proportion	O
this	O
represented	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
gross	O
value	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
rose	O
from	O
37	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
45.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Dalian	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
16	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Hua	B-PERSON
Zhao	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


This	O
reporter	O
learned	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
from	O
the	O
recently	O
convened	O
working	O
conference	O
of	O
Dalian	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
on	O
its	O
opening	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
held	O
here	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
export	O
volume	O
of	O
Dalian	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
capital	O
"	O
enterprises	O
reached	O
1.44	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
which	O
was	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
export	O
volume	O
.	O


Dalian	B-GPE
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
cities	O
that	O
resident	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
focus	O
on	O
most	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
already	O
5,226	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
here	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
contracted	O
volume	O
of	O
15.81	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
an	O
agreed	O
volume	O
of	O
8.27	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
foreign	O
funds	O
and	O
3.16	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
foreign	O
funds	O
in	O
actual	O
use	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Dalian	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
trade	O
export	O
under	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
unfavorable	O
conditions	O
,	O
still	O
maintained	O
continuous	O
growth	O
momentum	O
.	O


The	B-DATE
entire	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
export	O
volume	O
reached	O
2.524	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
rate	O
was	O
higher	O
than	O
Dalian	B-GPE
's	O
GNP	O
growth	O
margin	O
or	O
the	O
national	O
foreign	O
trade	O
export	O
average	O
growth	O
rate	O
,	O
and	O
ranked	O
the	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
on	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
all	O
exporting	O
city	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Among	O
these	O
,	O
the	O
steady	O
growth	O
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
capital	O
enterprise	O
exports	O
played	O
the	O
main	O
role	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
capital	O
enterprise	O
exports	O
reached	O
1.44	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
15.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
export	O
volumes	O
of	O
both	O
Dalian	B-ORG
Canon	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
Equipment	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
and	O
Dalian	B-ORG
Wanbaozhi	I-ORG
Motor	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
surpassed	O
100	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
while	O
the	O
export	O
volume	O
of	O
Toshiba	B-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
Dalian	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
Dalian	B-ORG
Sida	I-ORG
Precision	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
and	O
Ohmro	B-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
Dalian	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
reached	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
60	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


By	O
their	O
intensive	O
technology	O
and	O
high	O
quality	O
,	O
these	O
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
capital	O
"	O
enterprises	O
raised	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
export	O
commodities	O
of	O
Dalian	B-GPE
,	O
thus	O
improving	O
Dalian	B-GPE
's	O
export	O
commodity	O
structure	O
in	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
intensive	O
processing	O
of	O
finished	O
products	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
Dalian	B-GPE
's	O
export	O
commodity	O
structure	O
,	O
primary	O
products	O
are	O
only	O
less	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
while	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
industrial	O
finished	O
products	O
is	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
70	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Among	O
these	O
,	O
electromechanical	O
products	O
increased	O
by	O
a	O
large	O
margin	O
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
export	O
volume	O
.	O


Statistical	O
materials	O
show	O
that	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Dalian	B-GPE
's	O
export	O
to	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
reached	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


More	O
and	O
more	O
Korean	B-NORP
enterprises	O
are	O
focusing	O
on	O
Dalian	B-GPE
.	O


Korean	B-NORP
investments	O
in	O
Dalian	B-GPE
have	O
kept	O
growing	O
for	O
three	B-DATE
consecutive	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
running	I-DATE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Korean	B-NORP
invested	O
enterprises	O
approved	O
by	O
Dalian	B-GPE
reached	O
166	B-CARDINAL
and	O
agreed	O
foreign	O
funds	O
reached	O
320	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
and	O
1.5	B-CARDINAL
times	O
respectively	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Rangoon	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
17th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yunfei	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON


This	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
the	O
Myanmaran	B-NORP
and	O
Thai	B-NORP
governments	O
signed	O
an	O
agreement	O
on	O
border	O
trade	O
between	O
their	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
here	O
.	O


Banharn	B-PERSON
Silpa	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Archa	I-PERSON
,	O
prime	O
minister	O
of	O
Thailand	B-GPE
,	O
who	O
arrived	O
at	O
Myanmar	B-GPE
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
to	O
pay	O
a	O
visit	O
,	O
and	O
Than	B-PERSON
Shwe	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Law	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Order	I-ORG
Restoration	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
prime	O
minister	O
of	O
Myanmaran	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
chaired	O
the	O
signing	O
ceremony	O
.	O


Tonji	B-PERSON
,	O
minister	O
of	O
the	O
Myanmaran	B-NORP
Ministry	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Gerson	B-PERSON
Gersoncy	I-PERSON
,	O
minister	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Thailand	I-ORG
,	O
signed	O
the	O
agreement	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
each	O
country	O
respectively	O
.	O


Since	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
Myanmar	B-GPE
has	O
signed	O
border	O
trade	O
agreements	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
India	B-GPE
and	O
Bengal	B-GPE
.	O


Myanmaran	B-NORP
officials	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
total	O
trade	O
volume	O
between	O
Myanmar	B-GPE
and	O
Thailand	B-GPE
exceeded	O
300	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
1995	B-DATE
.	O


Banharn	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
prime	O
minister	O
of	O
Thailand	B-GPE
to	O
visit	O
Myanmar	B-GPE
since	O
the	B-DATE
latter	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1980	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
is	O
thought	O
that	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
visit	O
is	O
to	O
improve	O
and	O
develop	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
,	O
to	O
strengthen	O
bilateral	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
co-operation	O
and	O
to	O
expand	O
Thailand	B-GPE
's	O
investment	O
in	O
Myanmar	B-GPE
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
and	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Myanmaran	B-NORP
government	O
reopened	O
three	B-CARDINAL
main	O
trading	O
ports	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
border	O
area	O
of	O
Myanmar	B-GPE
and	O
Thailand	B-GPE
that	O
were	O
closed	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
18th	I-DATE


General	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-ORG
Southwest	I-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Equipment	I-ORG
Factory	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Appliance	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
recently	O
signed	O
a	O
contract	O
to	O
jointly	O
invest	O
6	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
to	O
establish	O
a	O
joint	O
venture	O
enterprise	O
in	O
Chengdu	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
14th	B-ORDINAL
joint	O
venture	O
enterprise	O
to	O
be	O
established	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
by	O
the	O
investment	O
by	O
General	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
investment	O
of	O
GE	B-ORG
in	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
reached	O
150	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


This	O
new	O
enterprise	O
,	O
named	O
Chengdu	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Equipment	I-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
Southwest	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
will	O
be	O
engaged	O
mainly	O
in	O
developing	O
,	O
producing	O
,	O
manufacturing	O
,	O
assembling	O
and	O
marketing	O
X-ray	O
equipment	O
for	O
medical	O
diagnoses	O
purposes	O
,	O
in	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
trade	O
,	O
consultation	O
and	O
technical	O
cooperation	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Apart	O
from	O
setting	O
up	O
joint	O
venture	O
enterprises	O
,	O
GE	B-ORG
also	O
invested	O
more	O
than	O
1	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
China	B-GPE
by	O
means	O
of	O
airplane	O
and	O
container	O
leasing	O
.	O


GE	B-ORG
now	O
has	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
8,000	I-CARDINAL
employees	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
in	O
1994	B-DATE
,	O
GE	B-ORG
purchased	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
products	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
planned	O
to	O
increase	O
purchasing	O
volume	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
products	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
28th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Xiaohui	B-PERSON
Che	I-PERSON


Today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
"	O
'96	B-DATE
seminar	B-EVENT
on	I-EVENT
the	I-EVENT
actual	I-EVENT
practice	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
tax	I-EVENT
reform	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
accounting	I-EVENT
system	I-EVENT
for	I-EVENT
imported	I-EVENT
raw	I-EVENT
materials	I-EVENT
"	O
,	O
jointly	O
sponsored	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Guangdong	I-ORG
Branch	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Promotion	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Hong	I-ORG
Kong	I-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
General	I-ORG
Chamber	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
,	O
was	O
held	O
in	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
to	O
introduce	O
visiting	O
businessmen	O
from	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
Macao	B-GPE
and	O
mainland	O
to	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
main	O
policy	O
adjustments	O
for	O
foreign	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
to	O
be	O
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
State	B-ORG
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
policy	O
adjustments	O
for	O
foreign	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
to	O
be	O
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
State	B-ORG
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
include	O
:	O
reducing	O
the	O
export	O
tax	O
refund	O
rate	O
,	O
implementing	O
the	O
bank	O
accounting	O
system	O
of	O
deposits	O
for	O
imported	O
raw	O
materials	O
and	O
parts	O
for	O
the	O
processing	O
trade	O
,	O
and	O
canceling	O
of	O
preferential	O
duty	O
free	O
treatment	O
for	O
imported	O
equipment	O
.	O


Of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
adjustments	O
,	O
the	O
bank	O
accounting	O
system	O
of	O
deposits	O
for	O
the	O
processing	O
trade	O
to	O
be	O
implemented	O
nationally	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
became	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
concern	O
of	O
visiting	O
businessmen	O
from	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
Macao	B-GPE
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
foreign	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
in	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
rapidly	O
developing	O
,	O
including	O
customer	O
's	O
processed	O
materials	O
,	O
imported	O
processed	O
materials	O
,	O
and	O
processing	O
trade	O
undertaken	O
by	O
foreign	O
investment	O
enterprises	O
,	O
which	O
occupies	O
quite	O
a	O
large	O
proportion	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
total	O
export	O
value	O
of	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
's	O
processing	O
trade	O
reached	O
40	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
approximately	B-PERCENT
80	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
province	O
's	O
total	O
export	O
value	O
.	O


Among	O
that	O
,	O
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
regular	O
trade	O
,	O
100	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
customer	O
's	O
material	O
processing	O
and	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
eighty	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
processing	O
by	O
foreign	O
investment	O
enterprises	O
belong	O
to	O
processing	O
trade	O
exports	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
there	O
are	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
the	O
province	O
engaged	O
in	O
the	O
processing	O
trade	O
.	O


Enterprises	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
sources	O
of	O
raw	O
materials	O
and	O
one	O
compensation	O
"	O
production	O
alone	O
have	O
reached	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
30,000	I-CARDINAL
engaging	O
over	O
two	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
employees	I-CARDINAL
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
manufacturers	O
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
have	O
also	O
established	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
7,000	I-CARDINAL
processing	O
enterprises	O
in	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
processing	O
trade	O
occupies	O
a	O
crucial	O
position	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
foreign	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
in	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
is	O
important	O
content	O
in	O
the	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
cooperation	O
between	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
Macao	B-GPE
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
relevant	O
person	O
in	O
charge	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Relations	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Guangdong	I-ORG
points	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
accounting	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
processing	O
trade	O
is	O
to	O
perfect	O
supervision	O
of	O
the	O
processing	O
trade	O
,	O
to	O
fill	O
in	O
management	O
loopholes	O
,	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
national	O
revenue	O
and	O
to	O
promote	O
healthy	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
processing	O
trade	O
.	O


After	O
implementing	O
the	O
accounting	O
system	O
of	O
deposits	O
,	O
Customs	B-ORG
will	O
no	O
longer	O
levy	O
risk	O
deposits	O
equivalent	O
to	O
the	O
tax	O
for	O
imported	O
materials	O
and	O
parts	O
from	O
enterprises	O
dealing	O
with	O
normally	O
developing	O
processing	O
trade	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
an	O
account	O
is	O
established	O
with	O
the	O
bank	O
,	O
collect	O
a	O
handling	O
charge	O
of	O
one	B-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
,	O
will	O
lighten	O
the	O
actual	O
economic	O
burden	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
reports	O
,	O
in	O
Dongguan	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
a	O
processing	O
trade	O
accounting	O
system	O
experimental	O
city	O
,	O
Dongguan	B-ORG
Area	I-ORG
Customs	I-ORG
received	O
in	O
total	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
8,400	I-CARDINAL
contract	O
records	O
from	O
enterprises	O
from	O
December	B-DATE
27th	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
March	I-DATE
15th	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
slightly	O
increasing	O
compared	O
to	O
before	O
the	O
experiment	O
.	O


Enterprises	O
have	O
reacted	O
favorably	O
and	O
have	O
generally	O
expressed	O
acceptance	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
3	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Liang	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


During	O
the	O
"	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
-LRB-	O
1991	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
1995	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
is	O
moving	O
forward	O
with	O
unprecedented	O
speed	O
.	O


The	O
national	O
economy	O
is	O
broadening	O
its	O
participation	O
wider	O
range	O
of	O
international	O
delegation	O
and	O
international	O
exchange	O
;	O
economic	O
and	O
technical	O
cooperation	O
and	O
exchange	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
overseas	O
has	O
already	O
infiltrated	O
into	O
every	O
aspect	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
life	O
.	O


A	O
"	O
wide	O
open	O
"	O
environment	O
has	O
begun	O
to	O
take	O
shape	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
country	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
material	O
provided	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Economy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
,	O
during	O
the	O
"	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
total	O
volume	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
reached	O
1.01	B-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
doubling	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
-LRB-	O
1986	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
rank	O
in	O
world	O
trade	O
rising	O
from	O
15th	B-ORDINAL
in	O
1990	B-DATE
to	O
11th	B-ORDINAL
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
export	O
commodities	O
continues	O
to	O
be	O
optimized	O
,	O
and	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
export	O
volume	O
of	O
manufactured	O
products	O
accounted	O
for	O
85.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
whole	O
country	O
's	O
total	O
export	O
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
11.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
1990	B-DATE
,	O
clearly	O
indicating	O
that	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
industrial	O
product	O
manufacturing	O
levels	O
has	O
improved	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
situation	O
of	O
mainly	O
exporting	O
primary	O
products	O
has	O
been	O
changed	O
.	O


With	O
regard	O
to	O
attracting	O
foreign	O
business	O
investments	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
become	O
the	O
developing	O
country	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
utilization	O
of	O
foreign	O
funds	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
"	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
approved	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
229,800	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
invested	O
projects	O
and	O
the	O
actual	O
utilization	O
of	O
foreign	O
funds	O
was	O
114.7	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
9.1	B-CARDINAL
times	O
and	O
6.84	B-CARDINAL
times	O
respectively	O
over	O
the	O
"	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
,	O
moreover	O
,	O
more	O
foreign	O
funds	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
nationally	O
encouraged	O
investment	O
projects	O
.	O


Basic	O
industries	O
and	O
infrastructure	O
projects	O
have	O
already	O
become	O
foreign	O
investment	O
hotspots	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
imported	O
technology	O
and	O
complete	O
sets	O
of	O
equipment	O
from	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
thirty	I-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
contract	O
funds	O
has	O
increased	O
by	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
exported	O
its	O
technology	O
to	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
with	O
contracting	O
funds	O
reaching	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
8	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
2.7	B-CARDINAL
times	O
over	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
great	O
developments	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
made	O
in	O
overseas	O
contracted	O
labor	O
services	O
and	O
foreign	O
aid	O
work	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
experts	O
'	O
predictions	O
,	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
dependence	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
GNP	O
and	O
its	O
total	O
volume	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
has	O
already	O
reached	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


This	O
index	O
means	O
that	O
almost	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
life	O
now	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
market	O
.	O


What	O
especially	O
deserves	O
mentioning	O
is	O
that	O
during	O
the	O
"	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
opening	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
has	O
already	O
taken	O
the	O
shape	O
of	O
gradually	O
moving	O
from	O
coastal	O
and	O
riverside	O
areas	O
to	O
its	O
inland	O
and	O
remote	O
areas	O
.	O


The	O
inland	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
relatively	O
backward	O
in	O
economy	O
before	O
,	O
has	O
recently	O
set	O
off	O
an	O
surge	O
of	O
opening	O
up	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
nationally	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
1194	B-CARDINAL
counties	O
-LRB-	O
cities	O
-RRB-	O
open	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
class	O
ports	O
open	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
has	O
already	O
reached	O
more	O
than	O
222	B-CARDINAL
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
"	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
,	O
the	O
depth	O
of	O
opening	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
was	O
unparalleled	O
in	O
history	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
opening	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
gave	O
priority	O
to	O
trade	O
in	O
commodities	O
,	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
technology	O
,	O
and	O
joint	O
investment	O
cooperatives	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
it	O
has	O
started	O
to	O
advance	O
toward	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
introducing	O
service	O
and	O
introducing	O
modern	O
capital	O
utilization	O
methods	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
already	O
begun	O
to	O
export	O
capital	O
overseas	O
and	O
even	O
started	O
participating	O
in	O
international	O
financial	O
operations	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
4	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Wanming	B-PERSON
Gu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


During	O
the	O
"	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
-LRB-	O
1991	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
1995	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
electronic	O
industrial	O
emergent	O
industry	O
in	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
had	O
a	O
rapid	O
development	O
speed	O
and	O
had	O
beneficial	O
results	O
.	O


In	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
's	O
electronic	O
industry	O
output	O
reached	O
51.5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
3.8	B-CARDINAL
times	O
over	O
that	O
of	O
1990	B-DATE
.	O


Its	O
annual	O
growth	O
rate	O
was	O
36.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
its	O
electronic	O
industry	O
output	O
ranked	O
first	B-ORDINAL
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


During	O
the	O
"	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
,	O
7	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
were	O
invested	O
in	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
's	O
electronic	O
industry	O
and	O
enterprise	O
reform	O
and	O
development	O
are	O
progressing	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
20	B-CARDINAL
key	O
projects	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
completed	O
and	O
have	O
been	O
put	O
into	O
production	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
four	B-CARDINAL
broad	O
product	O
types	O
forming	O
a	O
scaled	O
economy	O
,	O
among	O
which	O
,	O
program	O
-	O
controlled	O
switches	O
and	O
microcomputers	O
are	O
being	O
produced	O
and	O
have	O
become	O
new	O
pillar	O
products	O
of	O
the	O
electronic	O
industry	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
16.11	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
telephones	O
,	O
3.34	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
lines	O
of	O
program	O
-	O
controlled	O
switches	O
and	O
120,000	B-CARDINAL
microcomputers	O
were	O
produced	O
and	O
the	O
output	O
of	O
these	O
products	O
doubled	O
.	O


Investment	O
type	O
electronic	O
products	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
developing	O
slowly	O
over	O
a	O
long	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
increased	O
rapidly	O
.	O


In	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
complete	O
output	O
of	O
such	O
products	O
was	O
13.87	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
10	B-CARDINAL
times	O
over	O
that	O
of	O
1990	B-DATE
;	O
and	O
development	O
speed	O
exceeded	O
that	O
of	O
consumer	O
electronic	O
products	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
"	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
,	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
's	O
electronic	O
industry	O
optimized	O
its	O
local	O
distribution	O
forming	O
dominance	O
in	O
local	O
centralized	O
development	O
.	O


The	B-LOC
Zhujiang	I-LOC
Delta	I-LOC
has	O
become	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
electronic	O
industry	O
.	O


The	O
top	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
with	O
electronic	O
industry	O
output	O
are	O
all	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Zhujiang	I-LOC
Delta	I-LOC
.	O


In	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
these	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
'	O
electronic	O
industry	O
output	O
was	O
48	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
which	O
accounted	O
for	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
's	O
electronic	O
industry	O
output	O
.	O


Shenzhen	B-GPE
and	O
Huizhou	B-GPE
have	O
become	O
output	O
bases	O
of	O
the	O
electronic	O
industry	O
.	O


Computer	O
components	O
made	O
in	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
are	O
sold	O
in	O
large	O
quantities	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Guangdong	B-GPE
's	O
electronic	O
industry	O
has	O
realized	O
the	O
strategic	O
shift	O
"	O
from	O
a	O
domestic	O
sales	O
focus	O
to	O
an	O
overseas	O
sales	O
focus	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
product	O
exports	O
increased	O
swiftly	O
.	O


In	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
7.325	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
telephones	O
,	O
3.19	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
TV	O
sets	O
,	O
10.65	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
radio	O
tape	O
recorders	O
,	O
and	O
nearly	O
3	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
sets	O
of	O
hi	O
-	O
fi	O
equipment	O
were	O
exported	O
.	O


The	O
export	O
volume	O
accounted	O
for	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
90	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
output	O
respectively	O
and	O
the	O
export	O
deliveries	O
have	O
ranked	O
first	B-ORDINAL
in	O
China	B-GPE
for	O
many	O
years	O
running	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Fuzhou	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
4th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Ting	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON


Fujian	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
located	O
in	O
southeast	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
coastal	O
area	O
,	O
has	O
tasted	O
the	O
benefits	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
vigorous	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
industry	O
.	O


Some	O
experts	O
believe	O
that	O
this	O
foretells	O
the	O
transformation	O
of	O
industrial	O
structure	O
of	O
this	O
province	O
from	O
a	O
low	O
level	O
,	O
extensive	O
type	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
dominance	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
Fujian	B-GPE
"	O
revival	O
through	O
science	O
and	O
education	O
"	O
strategy	O
and	O
the	O
program	O
of	O
constructing	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
industry	O
belts	O
on	O
the	O
western	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
Straits	B-LOC
,	O
by	O
2000	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
structural	O
pattern	O
of	O
industry	O
being	O
led	O
by	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
will	O
basically	O
be	O
formed	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
.	O


The	O
overall	O
level	O
of	O
industrialization	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
will	O
stride	O
into	O
nationally	O
advanced	O
ranks	O
.	O


Its	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
industry	O
will	O
achieve	O
output	O
of	O
60	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
16	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
local	O
industry	O
output	O
,	O
with	O
exports	O
accounting	O
for	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Fujian	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
output	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
industry	O
reached	O
30	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
its	O
sales	O
revenue	O
was	O
49.6	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


Experts	O
expressed	O
that	O
developing	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
industry	O
in	O
Fujian	B-GPE
will	O
not	O
only	O
accelerate	O
updating	O
,	O
upgrading	O
and	O
internationalization	O
of	O
local	O
industry	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
make	O
it	O
possible	O
for	O
the	O
area	O
to	O
finally	O
become	O
the	O
best	O
place	O
for	O
cooperation	O
in	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
and	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
straits	O
.	O


Beside	O
the	O
wide	O
road	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
-	O
level	O
Fuzhou	B-GPE
high	O
level	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
zone	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Zhonghua	I-ORG
Imaging	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
from	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
undertaken	O
constructing	O
a	O
factory	O
building	O
occupying	O
tens	B-QUANTITY
of	I-QUANTITY
mu	I-QUANTITY
of	O
land	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
preparing	O
to	O
produce	O
monochrome	O
image	O
tubes	O
through	O
high	O
level	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
measures	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
whose	O
investment	O
is	O
3	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
has	O
now	O
entered	O
a	O
restructuring	O
stage	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
full	O
completion	O
,	O
its	O
annual	O
output	O
could	O
reach	O
7	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
of	O
local	O
officials	O
,	O
apart	O
from	O
the	O
Fuzhou	B-GPE
high	O
level	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
zone	O
,	O
currently	O
,	O
Fujian	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
possesses	O
another	O
national	O
-	O
level	O
zone	O
in	O
the	O
southern	O
Xiamen	B-GPE
SEC	I-GPE
.	O


Additionally	O
,	O
five	B-CARDINAL
provincial	O
-	O
level	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
industry	O
development	O
zones	O
have	O
been	O
established	O
in	O
such	O
places	O
as	O
Quanzhou	B-GPE
,	O
Putian	B-GPE
,	O
Zhangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
formally	O
recognized	O
as	O
qualified	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
enterprises	O
in	O
these	O
high	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
zones	O
reached	O
150	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
above	O
-	O
mentioned	O
development	O
zones	O
are	O
basically	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
southeastern	O
area	O
of	O
Fujian	B-GPE
whose	O
economy	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
active	O
.	O


Enterprises	O
within	O
the	O
zones	O
focus	O
their	O
attention	O
mainly	O
on	O
fields	O
with	O
certain	O
scientific	O
research	O
strength	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
photoelectrons	O
,	O
computers	O
,	O
new	O
material	O
,	O
bioengineering	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
achievements	O
that	O
have	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
researching	O
,	O
manufacturing	O
and	O
developing	O
have	O
mainly	O
been	O
new	O
crystalline	O
material	O
,	O
digital	O
color	O
TV	O
with	O
picture	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
picture	O
function	O
,	O
UPS	O
series	O
products	O
,	O
bank	O
POS	O
systems	O
,	O
nationwide	O
computer	O
-	O
controlled	O
cement	O
composite	O
bag	O
bagging	O
machines	O
,	O
medium	O
voltage	O
switches	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


These	O
products	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
identified	O
by	O
experts	O
as	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
products	O
at	O
either	O
the	O
international	O
or	O
national	O
advanced	O
levels	O
.	O


Certain	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
enterprises	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Fujian	B-ORG
Hitachi	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
Xiahua	B-ORG
Electronics	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
Fujian	B-ORG
Shida	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Computer	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
and	O
Fujian	B-ORG
Computer	I-ORG
Peripheral	I-ORG
Devices	I-ORG
Factory	I-ORG
,	O
have	O
already	O
ascended	O
to	O
the	O
ranks	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
100	B-CARDINAL
high	O
level	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
enterprises	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Fujian	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
regions	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
decided	O
to	O
accelerate	O
development	O
in	O
the	O
'90s	B-DATE
and	O
make	O
efforts	O
in	O
basically	O
realizing	O
modernization	O
in	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
key	O
region	O
where	O
China	B-GPE
strives	O
to	O
strengthen	O
development	O
stamina	O
by	O
developing	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
seventeen	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Fujian	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
through	O
developing	O
its	O
export	O
-	O
oriented	O
economy	O
,	O
has	O
made	O
itself	O
another	O
economically	O
prosperous	O
region	O
between	O
the	B-LOC
Zhujiang	I-LOC
Delta	I-LOC
and	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
Delta	I-LOC
.	O


People	O
in	O
economic	O
circles	O
here	O
believe	O
that	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
famous	O
hometown	O
of	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
which	O
has	O
maintained	O
good	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
and	O
market	O
connections	O
with	O
the	O
regions	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
Macao	B-GPE
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
draws	O
from	O
such	O
advantageous	O
conditions	O
as	O
financing	O
,	O
information	O
transmission	O
,	O
industry	O
conversion	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
Fujian	B-GPE
will	O
have	O
great	O
prospects	O
of	O
developing	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
industry	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
6th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Daojia	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON


The	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
exchange	O
between	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
an	O
important	O
economic	O
city	O
of	O
north	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	B-GPE
Russian	I-GPE
Federation	I-GPE
is	O
currently	O
steadily	O
developing	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
shown	O
new	O
features	O
.	O


This	O
reporter	O
learned	O
that	O
,	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
's	O
export	O
trade	O
volume	O
to	O
Russia	B-GPE
was	O
25	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
imports	O
were	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
with	O
export	O
volume	O
growing	O
by	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
80	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
since	O
1994	B-DATE
.	O


Aside	O
from	O
this	O
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
has	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
ten	I-CARDINAL
enterprises	O
that	O
have	O
established	O
companies	O
or	O
representative	O
offices	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
;	O
Russian	B-NORP
companies	O
investing	O
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
also	O
have	O
reached	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
amount	O
of	O
foreign	O
investment	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
is	O
approximately	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
bilateral	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
are	O
developing	O
steadily	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
general	O
understanding	O
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
are	O
interlinked	O
with	O
convenient	O
express	O
air	O
,	O
sea	O
,	O
and	O
land	O
ports	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
historically	O
had	O
substantive	O
barter	O
trade	O
and	O
economic	O
trade	O
co-operation	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
the	O
development	O
and	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
economy	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Russian	I-GPE
Federation	I-GPE
,	O
general	O
methods	O
of	O
bilateral	O
trade	O
have	O
already	O
gradually	O
replaced	O
barter	O
trade	O
,	O
and	O
trading	O
volume	O
has	O
steadily	O
increased	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
Binhai	B-FAC
International	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
has	O
become	O
the	O
largest	O
airport	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
for	O
Community	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Independent	I-ORG
States	I-ORG
countries	O
'	O
air	O
freighters	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
flights	O
and	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
products	O
transported	O
for	O
export	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
alone	I-DATE
,	O
air	O
freighter	O
flights	O
reached	O
4241	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
total	O
cargo	O
reached	O
42,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Officials	O
from	O
Tianjin	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
say	O
that	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
are	O
geographically	O
adjacent	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
a	O
strong	O
trade	O
complement	O
.	O


As	O
an	O
important	O
industrial	O
city	O
in	O
northern	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
a	O
foreign	O
trade	O
port	O
with	O
vast	O
inland	O
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
's	O
light	O
industry	O
products	O
,	O
food	O
products	O
and	O
livestock	O
products	O
exported	O
to	O
Russia	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
accounted	O
for	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
export	O
from	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
to	O
Russia	B-GPE
;	O
whereas	O
steel	O
and	O
non-ferrous	O
metals	O
imported	O
from	O
Russia	B-GPE
accounted	O
for	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
import	O
volume	O
from	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
domestic	O
need	O
for	O
industrial	O
products	O
develops	O
towards	O
medium	O
and	O
advanced	O
levels	O
and	O
its	O
domestic	O
economic	O
situation	O
stabilizes	O
,	O
many	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
"	O
triple	O
-	O
funded	O
enterprises	O
"	O
are	O
actively	O
seeking	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
market	O
.	O


Since	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
some	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
professional	O
foreign	O
trade	O
companies	O
started	O
to	O
send	O
sales	O
teams	O
,	O
exhibition	O
sale	O
delegations	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
to	O
enter	O
Russia	B-GPE
to	O
seek	O
to	O
expand	O
business	O
.	O


Relevant	O
people	O
who	O
analyzed	O
,	O
believe	O
that	O
with	O
the	O
promotion	O
of	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
Russian	B-NORP
governments	O
,	O
the	O
prospects	O
of	O
trade	O
,	O
investment	O
,	O
labor	O
service	O
exchange	O
activities	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
between	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
Russian	I-GPE
Commonwealth	I-GPE
look	O
good	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Canberra	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE


Tona	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Australian	B-NORP
foreign	O
affairs	O
minister	O
,	O
recently	O
said	O
in	O
Sydney	B-GPE
that	O
the	O
Australian	B-NORP
government	O
will	O
maintain	O
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
China	B-GPE
policy	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
Australia	B-GPE
and	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
central	O
point	O
of	O
Australia	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
policy	O
.	O


Tona	B-PERSON
made	O
this	O
announcement	O
while	O
explaining	O
Australia	B-GPE
's	O
Asian	B-NORP
policy	O
structure	O
to	O
foreign	O
reporters	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
strengthening	O
bilateral	O
relations	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
main	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
Australian	B-NORP
government	O
's	O
policies	O
towards	O
Asia	B-LOC
and	O
other	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


He	O
especially	O
mentioned	O
that	O
Australia	B-GPE
plans	O
to	O
strengthen	O
bilateral	O
relations	O
with	O
such	O
Asian	B-NORP
countries	O
as	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
Korea	B-GPE
,	O
India	B-GPE
,	O
etc	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
recently	O
elected	O
coalition	O
government	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Liberal	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
would	O
encourage	O
the	O
overall	O
development	O
of	O
trade	O
and	O
investment	O
relations	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
areas	O
of	O
cooperation	O
would	O
include	O
basic	O
industries	O
,	O
processing	O
industries	O
,	O
service	O
trades	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


The	O
Australian	B-NORP
government	O
would	O
continue	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
complementary	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
between	O
Australia	B-GPE
and	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
would	O
open	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
business	O
circles	O
of	O
Australia	B-GPE
and	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
16th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Wenjian	B-PERSON
Mou	I-PERSON
and	O
Guangzhi	B-PERSON
Ling	I-PERSON


Relying	O
on	O
the	O
300,000	B-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
Maoming	B-GPE
ethylene	O
project	O
,	O
the	B-GPE
Shuidong	I-GPE
Development	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
continuously	O
strengthens	O
its	O
attraction	O
for	O
overseas	O
investment	O
and	O
is	O
becoming	O
the	O
new	O
investment	O
hotspot	O
of	O
southern	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Xiaolue	B-PERSON
Liang	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
vice	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Shuidong	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Administrative	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
says	O
that	O
since	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
the	O
development	O
zone	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
1992	I-DATE
,	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
from	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
twenty	I-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
have	O
signed	O
contracts	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
planned	O
investment	O
reaching	O
4.5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
for	O
ethylene	O
product	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
processing	O
projects	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Shuidong	I-GPE
Development	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
currently	O
,	O
traveling	O
businessmen	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Shuidong	I-GPE
Development	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
that	O
have	O
already	O
signed	O
agreements	O
or	O
contracts	O
has	O
reached	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
750	I-CARDINAL
,	O
including	O
those	O
from	O
over	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
domestic	O
provinces	O
and	O
cities	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
investment	O
that	O
will	O
top	O
15	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
and	O
actual	O
capital	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
with	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
projects	O
already	O
under	O
construction	O
reaching	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
160	I-CARDINAL
.	O


The	B-GPE
Shuidong	I-GPE
Development	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
,	O
located	O
in	O
Maoming	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
in	O
western	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
and	O
occupying	O
an	O
area	O
of	O
over	O
80	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
,	O
is	O
a	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
processing	O
base	O
established	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
the	O
ethylene	O
project	O
.	O


The	O
possession	O
a	O
natural	O
year	O
-	O
round	O
deep	O
-	O
water	O
ice	O
-	O
free	O
port	O
is	O
a	O
favorable	O
condition	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Shuidong	I-GPE
Development	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
for	O
developing	O
ethylene	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
processing	O
projects	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
development	O
zone	O
built	O
several	O
berths	O
at	O
the	O
10,000	B-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
class	O
,	O
20,000	B-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
class	O
,	O
30,000	B-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
class	O
and	O
50,000	B-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
class	O
on	O
the	O
base	O
of	O
its	O
original	O
two	B-CARDINAL
3000	B-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
class	O
berths	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
country	O
's	O
largest	O
single	O
-	O
point	O
mooring	O
,	O
crude	O
oil	O
loading	O
and	O
unloading	O
system	O
of	O
250,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
has	O
already	O
been	O
put	O
into	O
use	O
.	O


The	O
annual	O
handling	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
port	O
is	O
nearly	O
15	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
and	O
the	O
zone	O
has	O
been	O
approved	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
to	O
be	O
a	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
class	O
open	O
port	O
.	O


This	O
aside	O
,	O
the	B-GPE
Shuidong	I-GPE
Development	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
has	O
invested	O
several	B-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
infrastructure	O
such	O
as	O
roads	O
,	O
water	O
supply	O
,	O
electricity	O
supply	O
,	O
telecommunications	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
municipal	O
roads	O
within	O
the	O
development	O
zone	O
have	O
formed	O
the	O
modern	O
pattern	O
of	O
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
longitudes	O
and	O
six	B-CARDINAL
latitudes	O
"	O
.	O


Other	O
installations	O
are	O
also	O
being	O
perfected	O
daily	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
conditions	O
for	O
large	O
scale	O
development	O
and	O
construction	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
Maoming	B-GPE
300,000	B-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
ethylene	O
project	O
will	O
formally	O
turn	O
on	O
production	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Some	O
large	O
scale	O
international	O
enterprises	O
are	O
also	O
accelerating	O
preparation	O
work	O
for	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
processing	O
projects	O
,	O
included	O
among	O
them	O
are	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Itochu	B-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
and	O
Korea	B-GPE
's	O
LG	B-ORG
Chemical	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
which	O
invests	O
3	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
and	O
1.5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
respectively	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Hong	I-ORG
Kong	I-ORG
Decheng	I-ORG
Chemical	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
has	O
invested	O
250	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
to	O
construct	O
a	O
20,000	B-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
level	O
polyester	O
slicing	O
project	O
and	O
has	O
also	O
signed	O
a	O
contract	O
,	O
established	O
the	O
project	O
and	O
is	O
ready	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
overall	O
construction	O
preparation	O
phase	O
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-GPE
Shuidong	I-GPE
Development	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
established	O
enterprises	O
of	O
different	O
kinds	O
reaching	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
2,400	I-CARDINAL
,	O
with	O
total	O
industrial	O
output	O
reaching	O
884	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


After	O
the	O
ethylene	O
project	O
begins	O
its	O
production	O
,	O
the	B-GPE
Shuidong	I-GPE
Development	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
will	O
hopefully	O
enter	O
the	O
overall	O
output	O
period	O
and	O
its	O
total	O
industrial	O
output	O
will	O
realize	O
a	O
relatively	O
large	O
margin	O
of	O
increase	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Zhengzhou	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporters	O
Xianwen	B-PERSON
Guo	I-PERSON
and	O
Geng	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
construction	O
phase	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Anyang	I-ORG
Color	I-ORG
Kinescope	I-ORG
Glass	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Shell	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
designed	O
and	O
built	O
using	O
Chinese	B-NORP
initiative	O
,	O
and	O
meeting	O
current	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
advanced	O
technological	O
levels	O
,	O
today	B-DATE
finished	O
construction	O
and	O
started	O
operations	O
.	O


The	O
Vice	O
Premier	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
Jiahua	B-PERSON
Zou	I-PERSON
,	O
attended	O
the	O
ribbon	O
cutting	O
ceremony	O
held	O
today	O
for	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
operations	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
introduction	O
,	O
the	O
completion	O
of	O
construction	O
and	O
startup	O
of	O
operations	O
of	O
Anbo	B-ORG
's	O
second	B-ORDINAL
project	O
phase	O
enabled	O
Anbo	B-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
yearly	O
production	O
capacity	O
of	O
colored	O
glass	O
-	O
shells	O
to	O
expand	O
from	O
the	O
six	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
cases	O
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
up	O
to	O
eleven	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
cases	O
,	O
turning	O
it	O
into	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
production	O
base	O
for	O
colored	O
glass	O
-	O
shells	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
current	O
scale	O
of	O
production	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
operations	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
then	O
able	O
to	O
produce	O
the	O
complete	O
set	O
of	O
color	O
kinescope	O
glass	O
-	O
shells	O
for	O
color	O
TVs	O
and	O
was	O
also	O
able	O
to	O
produce	O
the	O
complete	O
set	O
of	O
color	O
kinescope	O
glass	O
-	O
shells	O
for	O
computer	O
monitors	O
.	O


The	O
specifications	O
go	O
from	O
35	B-QUANTITY
cm	I-QUANTITY
straight	O
up	O
to	O
84	B-QUANTITY
cm	I-QUANTITY
.	O


It	O
simultaneously	O
laid	O
a	O
foundation	O
for	O
the	O
next	O
step	O
of	O
independently	O
developing	O
and	O
producing	O
high	O
clarity	O
glass	O
-	O
shells	O
and	O
wide	O
-	O
screen	O
color	O
TV	O
glass	O
-	O
shells	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Anbo	I-ORG
company	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
key	O
project	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
nationalization	O
of	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
color	O
TVs	O
,	O
which	O
China	B-GPE
built	O
up	O
during	O
the	O
"	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
-LRB-	O
1986	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
with	O
wholesale	O
introduction	O
of	O
foreign	O
advanced	O
technology	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
general	O
technological	O
contracts	O
from	O
outside	O
.	O


Since	O
it	O
started	O
production	O
in	O
1991	B-DATE
,	O
altogether	O
it	O
has	O
completed	O
close	O
to	O
1,000	B-CARDINAL
technological	O
improvements	O
and	O
development	O
projects	O
and	O
has	O
independently	O
developed	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
new	O
products	O
and	O
new	O
types	O
of	O
products	O
,	O
including	O
large	O
-	O
screen	O
color	O
TV	O
glass	O
-	O
shells	O
.	O


Yearly	O
output	O
exceeded	O
designed	O
capability	O
by	O
78	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
already	O
attaining	O
7.12	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
cases	O
.	O


The	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
domestic	O
market	O
of	O
the	O
products	O
and	O
the	O
percent	O
coverage	O
of	O
the	O
kinds	O
of	O
products	O
reached	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
respectively	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
it	O
resold	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
exported	O
to	O
countries	O
like	O
Korea	B-GPE
and	O
India	B-GPE
.	O


Since	O
starting	O
production	O
,	O
cumulatively	O
it	O
has	O
realized	O
composite	O
economic	O
benefits	O
of	O
1.06	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
and	O
earned	O
48.56	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
through	O
exports	O
and	O
remittances	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
enough	O
to	O
recoup	O
the	O
total	O
fixed	O
investment	O
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
project	O
phase	O
.	O


To	O
accelerate	O
the	O
establishment	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
colored	O
glass	O
industry	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
nationalities	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Anbo	B-ORG
,	O
in	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
project	O
phase	O
,	O
boldly	O
adopted	O
the	O
completely	O
new	O
ways	O
of	O
thinking	O
of	O
"	O
being	O
one	O
's	O
own	O
master	O
,	O
widely	O
adopting	O
the	O
strong	O
points	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
having	O
a	O
unique	O
style	O
,	O
individually	O
creating	O
a	O
system	O
"	O
and	O
of	O
"	O
general	O
contracting	O
one	O
's	O
own	O
skills	O
,	O
from	O
a	O
high	O
starting	O
point	O
optimizing	O
the	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
resources	O
,	O
international	O
and	O
domestic	O
"	O
and	O
attained	O
the	O
approval	O
of	O
the	O
leadership	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
vigorous	O
support	O
of	O
the	O
relevant	O
national	O
departments	O
.	O


They	O
worked	O
many	O
wonders	O
that	O
attracted	O
the	O
widespread	O
attention	O
of	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
business	O
inside	O
and	O
outside	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
was	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
it	O
took	O
only	O
thirteen	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
from	O
November	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1994	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
ground	O
was	O
broken	O
and	O
construction	O
started	O
,	O
up	O
until	O
the	O
drill	O
-	O
furnace	O
fire	O
lighting	O
was	O
successful	O
.	O


Compared	O
to	O
Anbo	B-ORG
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
the	O
time	O
period	O
for	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
shortened	O
by	O
eighteen	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
fastest	O
construction	O
globally	O
for	O
comparable	O
projects	O
,	O
it	O
still	O
was	O
5	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
in	O
advance	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
was	O
bringing	O
about	O
the	O
optimum	O
combination	O
of	O
resources	O
such	O
as	O
domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
trained	O
personnel	O
,	O
skills	O
,	O
equipment	O
,	O
design	O
and	O
construction	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


No	O
matter	O
what	O
the	O
hardware	O
deployment	O
or	O
the	O
software	O
usage	O
,	O
everything	O
met	O
the	O
current	O
advanced	O
standards	O
for	O
its	O
industry	O
internationally	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
,	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
wholesale	O
introduction	O
of	O
foreign	O
techniques	O
and	O
equipment	O
,	O
investment	O
was	O
greatly	O
economized	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
measurements	O
and	O
calculations	O
,	O
the	O
actual	O
investment	O
in	O
Anbo	B-ORG
's	O
second	B-ORDINAL
project	O
phase	O
only	O
amounted	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
what	O
the	O
total	O
investment	O
would	O
be	O
for	O
a	O
comparable	O
project	O
that	O
at	O
present	O
domestically	O
would	O
be	O
built	O
using	O
a	O
wholesale	O
introduction	O
of	O
foreign	O
techniques	O
and	O
equipment	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
4	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
urethane	O
elastic	O
fiber	O
production	O
base	O
,	O
Zhongshan	B-ORG
Urethane	I-ORG
Elastic	I-ORG
Fiber	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
was	O
completed	O
and	O
began	O
production	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Lianyungang	I-GPE
Development	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
project	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
remodeled	O
by	O
adopting	O
a	O
differentiated	O
urethane	O
elastic	O
fiber	O
production	O
technology	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
total	O
investment	O
of	O
70	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
has	O
an	O
annual	O
accumulated	O
total	O
urethane	O
elastic	O
fiber	O
output	O
of	O
1500	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
.	O


The	B-ORG
Lianyungang	I-ORG
Zhongshan	I-ORG
Urethane	I-ORG
Elastic	I-ORG
Fiber	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
-	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
joint	O
venture	O
that	O
had	O
its	O
weaving	O
technology	O
and	O
equipment	O
introduced	O
from	O
the	O
Dongyang	B-GPE
company	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
90's	I-DATE
.	O


After	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
phases	O
were	O
completed	O
and	O
put	O
into	O
production	O
,	O
accumulated	O
total	O
profits	O
of	O
147	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
were	O
already	O
realized	O
,	O
placing	O
the	O
project	O
amongst	O
the	O
ranks	O
of	O
national	O
second	B-ORDINAL
-	O
class	O
large	O
-	O
sized	O
enterprises	O
.	O


The	O
production	O
line	O
newly	O
put	O
into	O
operation	O
this	O
time	O
was	O
self	O
-	O
designed	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
developed	O
,	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
debugged	O
by	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


It	O
took	O
only	O
a	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
month	O
period	O
from	O
equipment	O
installation	O
to	O
production	O
startup	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
has	O
developed	O
its	O
own	O
patented	O
technology	O
,	O
laying	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
its	O
next	O
move	O
into	O
the	O
exportation	O
of	O
urethane	O
elastic	O
fiber	O
production	O
technology	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Nanchang	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
7th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Qiusheng	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
,	O
Ping	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Yi	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON


Jiujiang	B-ORG
Minsheng	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
foot	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
famous	O
Lu	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
,	O
has	O
ascended	O
to	O
be	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
top	O
500	B-CARDINAL
privately	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
.	O


When	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
achievements	O
made	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
by	O
greatly	O
investing	O
in	O
national	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
Xiang	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
,	O
concurrently	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
CPPCC	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Jiangxi	I-ORG
Province	I-ORG
CPPCC	I-ORG
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
Group	B-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
said	O
frankly	O
to	O
the	O
reporters	O
that	O
"	O
basing	O
ourselves	O
in	O
the	O
inland	O
and	O
'	O
building	O
bridges	O
and	O
paving	O
roads	O
'	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
local	O
economy	O
was	O
a	O
wise	O
choice	O
on	O
my	O
part	O
.	O
"	O


Although	O
already	O
over	O
fifty	B-CARDINAL
,	O
Xiang	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
is	O
full	O
of	O
energy	O
and	O
quick	O
-	O
witted	O
,	O
and	O
gives	O
others	O
the	O
impression	O
of	O
an	O
aggressive	O
person	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Minsheng	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
contributions	O
to	O
improving	O
Jiujiang	B-GPE
's	O
infrastructure	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
are	O
known	O
to	O
everybody	O
in	O
Jiujiang	B-GPE
.	O


Jiujiang	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
northern	O
gate	O
of	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
major	O
cities	O
to	O
be	O
opened	O
up	O
and	O
developed	O
along	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
.	O


Xiang	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
participated	O
in	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Jiujiang	I-FAC
Railway	I-FAC
Station	I-FAC
by	O
investing	O
the	O
huge	O
sum	O
of	O
127	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


While	O
inspecting	O
Jiujiang	B-GPE
,	O
Chairman	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
"	O
Jiujiang	B-GPE
is	O
situated	O
midway	O
along	O
the	O
Beijing	B-GPE
-	O
Kowloon	B-GPE
railway	O
line	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
geographical	O
location	O
.	O


Jiujiang	B-GPE
's	O
future	O
is	O
unbounded	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
also	O
embossed	O
the	O
name	O
for	O
the	B-FAC
Jiujiang	I-FAC
Station	I-FAC
.	O


Jiujiang	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
thoroughfare	O
connecting	O
Yangtze	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
north	O
and	O
south	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
annual	O
flood	O
season	O
has	O
been	O
having	O
a	O
certain	O
impact	O
on	O
both	O
the	O
local	O
economy	O
's	O
development	O
and	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
the	O
common	O
people	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
the	O
lower	O
reaches	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Longkai	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
at	O
Jiujiang	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
lies	O
along	O
the	O
urban	O
hub	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
current	O
flows	O
through	O
the	O
city	O
area	O
before	O
entering	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
flood	O
season	O
comes	O
,	O
the	O
rising	O
waters	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
invade	O
inland	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
made	O
the	O
lower	O
reaches	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Longkai	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
an	O
intense	O
battlefield	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
against	O
flooding	O
.	O


To	O
this	O
end	O
,	O
the	O
provincial	O
government	O
incorporated	O
"	O
the	O
Longkai	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
administration	O
and	O
development	O
project	O
"	O
into	O
the	O
provincial	O
major	O
flood	O
prevention	O
projects	O
.	O


Upon	O
learning	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
Xiang	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
immediately	O
asked	O
experts	O
to	O
make	O
investigations	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
project	O
which	O
would	O
benefit	O
future	O
generations	O
and	O
also	O
the	O
most	O
urgent	O
matter	O
the	O
government	O
will	O
undertake	O
.	O


I	O
felt	O
obliged	O
to	O
do	O
my	O
part	O
.	O


Xiang	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
spared	O
no	O
efforts	O
in	O
investing	O
120	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
flood	O
prevention	O
project	O
.	O


Amidst	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
flood	O
prevention	O
,	O
this	O
project	O
has	O
shown	O
significant	O
effectiveness	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
Xiang	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
has	O
also	O
started	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
Jiulong	B-FAC
Street	I-FAC
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
improve	O
of	O
Jiujiang	B-GPE
's	O
investment	O
environment	O
,	O
Xiang	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
decided	O
to	O
invest	O
several	B-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	O
Jiujiang	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
to	O
develop	O
and	O
construct	O
the	B-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
Boundless	I-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Fun	I-EVENT
Fair	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
to	O
go	O
with	O
the	O
world	O
famous	O
mountain	O
,	O
Lu	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
.	O


Xiang	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
invests	O
in	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
national	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
beneficial	O
to	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
to	O
himself	O
.	O


The	O
local	O
government	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
encourage	O
investors	O
,	O
has	O
handed	O
the	O
Jiujiang	B-FAC
Railway	I-FAC
Station	I-FAC
yard	O
,	O
and	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
re-landscaped	O
Longkai	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
region	O
that	O
Xiang	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
invested	O
in	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
,	O
over	O
to	O
Xiang	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
to	O
administer	O
and	O
development	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
predict	O
that	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
further	O
opening	O
up	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
Jiujiang	B-GPE
,	O
Xiang	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
earn	O
considerable	O
profits	O
from	O
the	O
land	O
allocated	O
to	O
him	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Minsheng	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
created	O
by	O
Xiang	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
,	O
is	O
the	O
earliest	O
collective	O
enterprise	O
jointly	O
invested	O
and	O
established	O
in	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
by	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
,	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
,	O
etc	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
in	O
its	O
11th	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
operation	O
to	O
date	O
and	O
has	O
22	B-CARDINAL
subsidiaries	O
.	O


With	O
an	O
ever	O
-	O
increasing	O
enterprise	O
scope	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
already	O
developed	O
from	O
a	O
realm	O
of	O
circulation	O
to	O
the	O
involvement	O
in	O
multiple	O
industries	O
and	O
fields	O
such	O
as	O
production	O
,	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
,	O
real	O
estate	O
,	O
architecture	O
and	O
investment	O
in	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
9th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Xierong	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON
and	O
Bin	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON


Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
city	O
,	O
has	O
determined	O
to	O
seize	O
this	B-DATE
century	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
development	O
opportunities	O
to	O
realize	O
per	O
capita	O
GDP	O
of	O
5000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
by	O
2000	B-DATE
.	O


After	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
'	I-DATE
rapid	O
growth	O
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
per	O
capita	O
GDP	O
will	O
surpass	O
3000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Whereas	O
in	O
1992	B-DATE
this	O
figure	O
was	O
only	O
1500	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


According	O
to	O
analysis	O
and	O
measurement	O
by	O
experts	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Municipal	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
to	O
realize	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
per	O
capita	O
GDP	O
of	O
5000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
by	O
2000	B-DATE
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
annual	O
average	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
GDP	O
must	O
reach	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
11	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Kuangdi	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON
,	O
mayor	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
optimistically	O
expressed	O
that	O
for	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
is	O
now	O
in	O
the	O
best	O
economic	O
development	O
environment	O
in	O
history	O
,	O
this	O
growth	O
rate	O
is	O
completely	O
reachable	O
.	O


The	O
figures	O
issued	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Statistical	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
show	O
that	O
,	O
from	O
1992	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
1996	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
average	O
annual	O
growth	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
GDP	O
was	O
14.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
growth	O
rate	O
will	O
reach	O
over	O
13	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Zhan	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Municipal	I-ORG
Government	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Development	B-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
,	O
believes	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
the	O
trend	O
of	O
world	O
economic	O
development	O
and	O
the	O
policy	O
orientation	O
of	O
national	O
macroscopic	O
control	O
will	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
whole	O
,	O
be	O
advantageous	O
for	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
development	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
rapid	O
growth	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
has	O
laid	O
a	O
great	O
foundation	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
development	O
.	O


Experts	O
from	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
finance	O
,	O
commerce	O
,	O
trade	O
and	O
shipping	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
,	O
believe	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
industry	O
will	O
make	O
greater	O
contributions	O
to	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
GDP	O
.	O


Brought	O
along	O
by	O
such	O
economic	O
growth	O
points	O
as	O
capital	O
market	O
,	O
insurance	O
,	O
chain	O
commerce	O
,	O
wholesale	O
marketing	O
,	O
container	O
transport	O
,	O
real	O
estate	O
,	O
information	O
services	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
the	O
third	O
added	O
value	O
industry	O
is	O
estimated	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
average	O
annual	O
growth	O
of	O
11	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
12	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
industry	O
in	O
GDP	O
will	O
also	O
increase	O
from	O
43	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1996	B-DATE
to	O
48	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
2000	B-DATE
.	O


Research	O
staff	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
Economic	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
point	O
out	O
in	O
their	O
submitted	O
report	O
that	O
,	O
after	O
a	O
great	O
quantity	O
of	O
investment	O
and	O
positive	O
cultivation	O
,	O
the	O
six	B-CARDINAL
pillar	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
automobile	O
,	O
electronic	O
communication	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
will	O
maintain	O
a	O
good	O
momentum	O
of	O
growth	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Their	O
proportion	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
's	O
industries	O
will	O
increase	O
to	O
about	O
55	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
growth	O
will	O
boost	O
an	O
average	O
annual	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
second	B-ORDINAL
added	O
value	O
industry	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
as	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
fast	O
-	O
growing	O
strong	O
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
capital	O
"	O
enterprises	O
and	O
people	O
-	O
managed	O
and	O
privately	O
managed	O
economies	O
will	O
also	O
maintain	O
rapid	O
growth	O
.	O


Zheng	B-PERSON
Han	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
says	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
the	O
appropriate	O
growth	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
consumer	O
demand	O
could	O
also	O
support	O
the	O
average	O
annual	O
GDP	O
growth	O
rate	O
to	O
reach	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
11	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


By	O
experts	O
'	O
forecast	O
and	O
calculation	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
fixed	O
assets	O
investment	O
is	O
estimated	O
to	O
be	O
600	B-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
700	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
the	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
consumer	O
retail	O
products	O
is	O
estimated	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
average	O
annual	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
13	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
14	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
foreign	O
trade	O
export	O
is	O
estimated	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
average	O
annual	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
12	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


All	O
this	O
fits	O
in	O
with	O
the	O
average	O
annual	O
GDP	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
11	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Kuangdi	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON
,	O
mayor	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
stresses	O
that	O
realizing	O
per	O
capita	O
GDP	O
of	O
5000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
is	O
well	O
-	O
grounded	O
and	O
possible	O
;	O
but	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
is	O
also	O
facing	O
the	O
pressure	O
of	O
intensified	O
market	O
competition	O
and	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
some	O
outstanding	O
contradictions	O
in	O
its	O
economic	O
life	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
that	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
challenge	O
and	O
meet	O
the	O
goal	O
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
will	O
promote	O
a	O
new	O
round	O
of	O
industry	O
restructuring	O
,	O
boldly	O
implement	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprise	O
reforms	O
,	O
and	O
actively	O
exploit	O
new	O
fields	O
for	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
to	O
allow	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
to	O
again	O
move	O
onto	O
a	O
new	O
stage	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE


Today	B-DATE
,	O
Jianhua	B-PERSON
Dong	I-PERSON
,	O
Chief	O
Executive	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Hong	I-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
SAR	I-GPE
,	O
expressed	O
welcome	O
to	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
1998	I-WORK_OF_ART
Economic	I-WORK_OF_ART
Freedom	I-WORK_OF_ART
Index	I-WORK_OF_ART
Report	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
issued	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Traditional	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
which	O
believes	O
that	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
continues	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
freest	O
economic	O
system	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Dr.	O
Holmes	B-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Traditional	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Clowich	B-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Dow	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jones	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
led	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
delegation	O
comprised	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Traditional	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
to	O
submit	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
report	O
to	O
Jianhua	B-PERSON
Dong	I-PERSON
this	O
morning	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Traditional	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Wall	I-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
confirms	O
that	O
the	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
economic	O
structure	O
has	O
remained	O
unchanged	O
since	O
returning	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Traditional	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
says	O
that	O
this	O
index	O
has	O
sometimes	O
been	O
used	O
by	O
investors	O
as	O
an	O
investment	O
guide	O
.	O


When	O
commenting	O
on	O
the	O
index	O
,	O
Jianhua	B-PERSON
Dong	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
had	O
been	O
the	O
freest	O
economic	O
system	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
for	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
running	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
stressed	O
that	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
would	O
make	O
efforts	O
to	O
maintain	O
free	O
trade	O
and	O
strengthen	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
economic	O
competitiveness	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


In	O
the	O
title	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
paragraphs	O
of	O
the	O
draft	O
No.	O
-LRB-	O
CB003011	O
-RRB-	O
"	O
A	O
talk	O
on	O
the	O
achievements	O
and	O
future	O
of	O
finance	O
reform	O
by	O
Dezhu	B-PERSON
Gao	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
"	O
broadcast	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
phrase	O
"	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
"	O
should	O
be	O
changed	O
to	O
"	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
"	O
-LRB-	O
two	B-CARDINAL
places	O
in	O
all	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Foreign	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	O
Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
December	B-DATE
11th	I-DATE
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Chengdu	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
14th	I-DATE
,	O
reported	O
by	O
Chaojing	B-PERSON
Mao	I-PERSON


Sichuan	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
large	O
inland	O
province	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
implemented	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
new	O
policies	O
encouraging	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
entire	O
province	O
took	O
new	O
steps	O
again	O
in	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
reports	O
by	O
concerned	O
departments	O
in	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
from	O
January	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
total	O
output	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
province	O
's	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
reached	O
1.927	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
9.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
having	O
foreign	O
trade	O
exports	O
of	O
1.357	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
15.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


During	O
this	O
period	O
,	O
this	O
province	O
recently	O
approved	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
nearly	O
200	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
business	O
investment	O
projects	O
,	O
almost	O
doubling	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
contracted	O
foreign	O
capital	O
utilized	O
was	O
578	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
;	O
signed	O
contracts	O
for	O
foreign	O
projects	O
and	O
the	O
export	O
of	O
labor	O
services	O
were	O
347	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
;	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
capital	O
financial	O
institutions	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Overseas	I-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Singapore	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
Life	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Australia	I-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
have	O
successively	O
settled	O
in	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
can	O
take	O
new	O
steps	O
in	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
.	O


Its	O
main	O
experience	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
provincial	O
government	O
encourages	O
the	O
expansion	O
of	O
foreign	O
trade	O
export	O
and	O
adopts	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
preferential	O
support	O
policies	O
to	O
attract	O
foreign	O
capital	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
preferential	O
policies	O
in	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
for	O
encouraging	O
foreign	O
investment	O
"	O
,	O
etc.	O
that	O
the	O
province	O
promulgated	O
and	O
implemented	O
,	O
providing	O
foreign	O
merchants	O
with	O
a	O
preferential	O
and	O
lenient	O
policy	O
environment	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
some	O
measures	O
implemented	O
by	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
such	O
as	O
improving	O
the	O
soft	O
and	O
hard	O
environment	O
for	O
foreign	O
investment	O
,	O
alleviating	O
unreasonable	O
burdens	O
of	O
foreign	O
investment	O
enterprises	O
and	O
simplifying	O
formalities	O
for	O
examination	O
and	O
approval	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
also	O
played	O
an	O
active	O
role	O
in	O
inviting	O
businesses	O
and	O
attracting	O
investment	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
fields	O
in	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
open	O
to	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
and	O
foreign	O
capital	O
are	O
expanding	O
continuously	O
,	O
already	O
expanding	O
from	O
general	O
processing	O
industries	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
to	O
basic	O
industries	O
,	O
infrastructure	O
and	O
some	O
trade	O
industries	O
,	O
direct	O
investment	O
by	O
foreign	O
merchants	O
,	O
international	O
securities	O
financing	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Changsha	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
15th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yifei	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON


This	O
reporter	O
learned	O
from	O
the	B-EVENT
Foreign	I-EVENT
Friendship	I-EVENT
Association	I-EVENT
Exchange	I-EVENT
Conference	I-EVENT
in	O
some	O
Chinese	B-NORP
provinces	O
and	O
cities	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
held	O
in	O
Hunan	B-GPE
recently	O
,	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
already	O
has	O
about	B-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
cities	O
that	O
have	O
established	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
800	I-CARDINAL
pairs	O
of	O
foreign	O
friendship	O
cities	O
with	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
500	I-CARDINAL
cities	O
in	O
over	O
80	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Huiluo	B-PERSON
Bi	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
office	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Friendship	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
friendship	O
cities	O
have	O
enhanced	O
understanding	O
and	O
friendship	O
everywhere	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
foreign	O
countries	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
also	O
developed	O
relations	O
between	O
countries	O
and	O
have	O
conducted	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
exchange	O
and	O
cooperation	O
in	O
such	O
areas	O
as	O
industry	O
,	O
agriculture	O
,	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
,	O
culture	O
and	O
education	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
believed	O
that	O
the	O
friendship	O
cities	O
had	O
now	O
become	O
the	O
main	O
channel	O
for	O
people	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
people	O
foreign	O
affairs	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
1973	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Tianjin	I-GPE
in	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Kobe	B-GPE
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
established	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
pair	O
of	O
friendship	O
cities	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
a	O
foreign	O
country	O
.	O


Since	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
reform	O
and	O
opening	O
up	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
friendship	O
cities	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
foreign	O
countries	O
has	O
been	O
increasing	O
at	O
a	O
rate	O
of	O
about	B-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
pairs	O
each	O
year	O
.	O


Among	O
these	O
cities	O
,	O
about	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
pairs	O
are	O
distributed	O
along	O
the	O
coastal	O
belt	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
in	O
economically	O
developed	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
and	O
Shandong	B-GPE
.	O


However	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
rising	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
and	O
the	O
improvement	O
of	O
transportation	O
and	O
investment	O
conditions	O
in	O
the	O
mid	O
and	O
western	O
areas	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
paired	O
cities	O
in	O
the	O
mid	O
and	O
western	O
provinces	O
areas	O
has	O
obviously	O
increased	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Among	O
the	O
foreign	O
countries	O
that	O
have	O
established	O
friendship	O
cities	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
has	O
the	O
most	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
friendship	O
cities	O
has	O
promoted	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
foreign	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
in	O
various	O
areas	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


According	O
to	O
incomplete	O
statistics	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
various	O
provinces	O
have	O
held	O
or	O
taken	O
part	O
in	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
600	I-CARDINAL
trade	O
and	O
marketing	O
exhibition	O
activities	O
of	O
various	O
kinds	O
through	O
the	O
channel	O
of	O
friendship	O
cities	O
,	O
having	O
completed	O
transactions	O
of	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
introducing	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
1,200	I-CARDINAL
solely	O
invested	O
and	O
jointly	O
invested	O
projects	O
of	O
various	O
kinds	O
,	O
and	O
attracting	O
nearly	O
10	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
25th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Jianchang	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
and	O
intern	O
Suhong	B-PERSON
Ge	I-PERSON


Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
largest	O
coastal	O
city	O
in	O
northern	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
while	O
attracting	O
foreign	O
merchant	O
investment	O
,	O
also	O
encourages	O
enterprises	O
to	O
invest	O
and	O
build	O
factories	O
overseas	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
enterprises	O
of	O
various	O
types	O
that	O
have	O
overseas	O
investments	O
exceed	O
300	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
the	O
total	O
investment	O
value	O
exceeds	O
100	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


According	O
to	O
reports	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Economy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Tianjin	I-ORG
,	O
these	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
300	I-CARDINAL
overseas	O
enterprises	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
trade	O
,	O
production	O
and	O
processing	O
,	O
medical	O
treatment	O
and	O
health	O
,	O
tourism	O
,	O
catering	O
,	O
engineering	O
contracts	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
spread	O
over	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
sixty	I-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
.	O


The	O
catering	O
industry	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
key	O
overseas	O
investments	O
of	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
"	O
Medicinal	O
Diet	O
"	O
established	O
in	O
Singapore	B-GPE
by	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
attracts	O
the	O
attention	O
of	O
local	O
political	O
figures	O
.	O


The	O
famous	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
snack	O
shop	O
,	O
Goubuli	B-ORG
Steamed	I-ORG
Bun	I-ORG
,	O
established	O
special	O
permit	O
franchise	O
chain	O
shops	O
in	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
Korea	B-GPE
,	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
etc	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Economy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Tianjin	I-ORG
will	O
continue	O
to	O
adopt	O
measures	O
to	O
organize	O
and	O
guide	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
enterprises	O
overseas	O
to	O
invest	O
and	O
build	O
factories	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
this	O
city	O
has	O
already	O
established	O
a	O
relevant	O
database	O
to	O
provide	O
investment	O
partners	O
and	O
projects	O
through	O
Chinese	B-NORP
embassies	O
and	O
institutions	O
in	O
foreign	O
countries	O
,	O
and	O
foreign	O
embassies	O
and	O
institutions	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
16th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Haisheng	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON


Today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Henan	B-GPE
provincial	O
government	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
representatives	O
from	O
88	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
investment	O
financial	O
institutions	O
stationed	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
held	O
an	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
negotiation	O
conference	O
here	O
to	O
promote	O
mutual	O
understanding	O
between	O
Henan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
and	O
international	O
finance	O
circles	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
open	O
financing	O
channels	O
for	O
Henan	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


Yuan	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
Of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
in	O
his	O
message	O
of	O
congratulations	O
sent	O
to	O
the	O
conference	O
that	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
decided	O
to	O
increase	O
middle	O
and	O
western	O
regions	O
development	O
effort	O
,	O
to	O
encourage	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
foreign	O
enterprises	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
and	O
western	O
regions	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
also	O
decided	O
from	O
now	O
on	O
to	O
spend	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
60	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
loans	O
from	O
foreign	O
banks	O
and	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
and	O
western	O
regions	O
.	O


Kershye	B-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
stationed	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
and	O
chief	O
representative	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Belgian	I-ORG
General	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Beijing	B-ORG
Representative	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
,	O
expressed	O
at	O
the	O
conference	O
that	O
the	O
foreign	O
capital	O
financial	O
institutions	O
stationed	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
intend	O
make	O
contributions	O
to	O
Henan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
economic	O
construction	O
and	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
middle	O
and	O
western	O
regions	O
.	O


Chengyu	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
,	O
standing	O
vice	O
governor	O
of	O
Henan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
presented	O
the	O
province	O
's	O
natural	O
resources	O
and	O
economic	O
development	O
situation	O
at	O
the	O
conference	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
Henan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
possessed	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
hardware	O
required	O
for	O
foreign	O
investment	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
integrated	O
the	O
reality	O
of	O
this	O
province	O
to	O
formulate	O
a	O
preferential	O
policy	O
to	O
encourage	O
foreign	O
investors	O
to	O
invest	O
and	O
develop	O
foreign	O
economic	O
,	O
trade	O
and	O
technological	O
cooperation	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
national	O
policies	O
.	O


Concerned	O
departments	O
of	O
the	O
Henan	B-GPE
provincial	O
government	O
promulgated	O
this	O
province	O
's	O
foreign	O
economy	O
and	O
technological	O
cooperation	O
projects	O
at	O
the	O
conference	O
,	O
and	O
conference	O
representatives	O
negotiated	O
on	O
the	O
cooperative	O
intention	O
of	O
related	O
projects	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


On	O
the	O
occasion	O
of	O
the	O
30th	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
ASEAN	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
heads	O
of	O
the	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
ASEAN	B-ORG
countries	O
and	O
the	O
heads	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
held	O
an	O
informal	O
meeting	O
in	O
Kuala	B-GPE
Lumpur	I-GPE
,	O
capital	O
of	O
Malaysia	B-GPE
,	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
15th	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
heads	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
held	O
informal	O
meetings	O
again	O
with	O
the	O
heads	O
of	O
the	O
ASEAN	B-ORG
countries	O
separately	O
.	O


This	O
informal	O
meeting	O
of	O
heads	O
of	O
Eastern	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
countries	O
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
history	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
start	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
cold	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
,	O
ASEAN	B-ORG
confronted	O
new	O
international	O
and	O
regional	O
situations	O
and	O
comprehensively	O
adjusted	O
its	O
development	O
strategy	O
and	O
foreign	O
relations	O
strategy	O
,	O
and	O
increasingly	O
became	O
a	O
cooperative	O
organization	O
in	O
the	O
southeast	O
Asia	B-LOC
region	O
based	O
on	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
and	O
integrating	O
politics	O
,	O
economy	O
and	O
security	O
.	O


ASEAN	B-ORG
,	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
strengthened	O
their	O
cooperation	O
and	O
jointly	O
planned	O
development	O
,	O
becoming	O
a	O
force	O
that	O
holds	O
the	O
balance	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
holding	O
of	O
the	O
informal	O
meeting	O
of	O
heads	O
of	O
the	O
countries	O
in	O
eastern	O
Asia	B-LOC
possesses	O
important	O
significance	O
in	O
promoting	O
cooperation	O
between	O
all	O
countries	O
,	O
in	O
safeguarding	O
regional	O
and	O
global	O
security	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
accelerating	O
the	O
development	O
towards	O
world	O
multi-polarization	O
.	O


The	O
development	O
of	O
countries	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
separated	O
from	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
region	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
separated	O
from	O
the	O
globe	O
.	O


Discarding	O
old	O
concepts	O
and	O
establishing	O
new	O
international	O
political	O
and	O
economic	O
orders	O
conforms	O
with	O
the	O
main	O
trend	O
of	O
the	O
times	O
in	O
which	O
people	O
of	O
all	O
countries	O
demand	O
peace	O
,	O
request	O
development	O
,	O
seek	O
stability	O
and	O
promote	O
cooperation	O
.	O


To	O
correctly	O
understand	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
economic	O
development	O
,	O
political	O
stability	O
,	O
social	O
harmony	O
and	O
national	O
security	O
,	O
to	O
diligently	O
promote	O
all	O
countries	O
,	O
regions	O
and	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
to	O
travel	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
of	O
peaceful	O
development	O
,	O
to	O
jointly	O
discuss	O
east	O
Asian	B-NORP
economic	O
cooperation	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
and	O
forecasting	O
the	O
future	O
development	O
of	O
eastern	O
Asia	B-LOC
are	O
subjects	O
being	O
discussed	O
at	O
this	O
informal	O
meeting	O
of	O
heads	O
of	O
state	O
in	O
eastern	O
Asia	B-LOC
.	O


Peace	O
is	O
a	O
precondition	O
to	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


Without	O
a	O
peaceful	O
environment	O
,	O
any	O
construction	O
undertaking	O
would	O
be	O
impossible	O
to	O
discuss	O
.	O


Only	O
when	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
peace	O
is	O
realized	O
can	O
the	O
realization	O
of	O
sustained	O
development	O
be	O
possible	O
.	O


Therefore	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
breed	O
a	O
new	O
kind	O
of	O
security	O
concept	O
and	O
to	O
seek	O
new	O
methods	O
to	O
safeguard	O
peace	O
.	O


To	O
establish	O
relations	O
between	O
countries	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
principles	O
,	O
namely	O
mutual	O
respect	O
of	O
sovereignty	O
and	O
integrity	O
of	O
territory	O
,	O
non-aggression	O
,	O
non-interference	O
in	O
internal	O
affairs	O
,	O
equality	O
and	O
mutual	O
benefit	O
,	O
and	O
peaceful	O
coexistence	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
political	O
basis	O
and	O
precondition	O
for	O
global	O
and	O
regional	O
security	O
.	O


That	O
all	O
countries	O
strengthen	O
their	O
mutual	O
benefits	O
and	O
cooperation	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
economy	O
,	O
open	O
up	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
eliminate	O
inequalities	O
and	O
discriminatory	O
policies	O
in	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
transactions	O
,	O
gradually	O
narrow	O
the	O
development	O
gaps	O
between	O
countries	O
and	O
strive	O
for	O
joint	O
prosperity	O
is	O
the	O
economic	O
basis	O
for	O
global	O
and	O
regional	O
security	O
.	O


That	O
all	O
countries	O
promote	O
mutual	O
understanding	O
and	O
trust	O
through	O
dialogue	O
and	O
cooperation	O
,	O
and	O
promise	O
to	O
settle	O
disputes	O
and	O
conflicts	O
between	O
countries	O
in	O
peaceful	O
ways	O
is	O
a	O
realistic	O
way	O
to	O
ensure	O
peace	O
and	O
security	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
some	O
countries	O
in	O
eastern	O
Asia	B-LOC
encountered	O
financial	O
turmoil	O
and	O
have	O
had	O
some	O
difficulties	O
in	O
their	O
economic	O
development	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
economic	O
basis	O
of	O
east	O
Asian	B-NORP
countries	O
is	O
still	O
good	O
and	O
advantageous	O
factors	O
for	O
economic	O
development	O
still	O
exist	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
this	O
meeting	O
,	O
leaders	O
of	O
east	O
Asian	B-NORP
countries	O
unanimously	O
supported	O
the	O
suggestion	O
to	O
expand	O
local	O
trade	O
and	O
investment	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
believed	O
that	O
after	O
reviewing	O
experience	O
and	O
implementing	O
proper	O
adjustments	O
,	O
the	O
economy	O
of	O
eastern	O
Asia	B-LOC
will	O
definitely	O
continue	O
to	O
move	O
forward	O
in	O
development	O
.	O


The	O
east	O
Asian	B-NORP
countries	O
are	O
not	O
entirely	O
without	O
conflicts	O
and	O
disputes	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
safeguard	O
fundamental	O
benefits	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
all	O
east	O
Asian	B-NORP
countries	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
lofty	O
cause	O
of	O
peace	O
and	O
development	O
for	O
mankind	O
,	O
we	O
must	O
progressively	O
strengthen	O
the	O
east	O
Asian	B-NORP
cooperation	O
.	O


Chairman	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
solemnly	O
elaborated	O
on	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
stand	O
at	O
this	O
meeting	O
.	O


He	O
emphatically	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
"	O
We	O
should	O
uphold	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
mutual	O
respect	O
,	O
equal	O
participation	O
,	O
mutual	O
benefit	O
,	O
and	O
co-development	O
;	O
we	O
should	O
strengthen	O
cooperation	O
in	O
economy	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
,	O
and	O
establish	O
reasonable	O
regional	O
economic	O
structures	O
,	O
and	O
form	O
a	O
mode	O
of	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
learning	O
from	O
others	O
'	O
strengths	O
and	O
offsetting	O
others	O
'	O
weaknesses	O
,	O
and	O
mutual	O
benefiting	O
from	O
advantages	O
,	O
balancing	O
interests	O
,	O
and	O
practicing	O
non-exclusiveness	O
and	O
non-discrimination	O
;	O
and	O
we	O
should	O
strengthen	O
trust	O
,	O
broaden	O
common	O
understanding	O
,	O
seek	O
common	O
points	O
while	O
maintaining	O
differences	O
,	O
and	O
resolve	O
disputes	O
appropriately	O
through	O
friendly	O
dialogue	O
and	O
consultation	O
to	O
guarantee	O
the	O
region	O
's	O
peace	O
and	O
stability	O
.	O
"	O


Everything	O
is	O
difficult	O
at	O
the	O
very	O
beginning	O
.	O


With	O
this	O
good	O
start	O
,	O
people	O
have	O
good	O
reason	O
to	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
coordination	O
and	O
cooperation	O
between	O
east	O
Asian	B-NORP
countries	O
will	O
certainly	O
show	O
more	O
hopeful	O
prospects	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
,	O
Dec.	B-DATE
16th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Baozhong	B-PERSON
Ding	I-PERSON


The	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Social	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
issued	O
its	O
world	O
economy	O
annual	O
report	O
saying	O
that	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
financial	O
turbulence	O
in	O
some	O
Asian	B-NORP
countries	O
would	O
affect	O
these	O
countries	O
'	O
economic	O
growth	O
severely	O
,	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
on	O
the	O
whole	O
,	O
the	O
strong	O
growth	O
momentum	O
in	O
other	O
countries	O
would	O
make	O
up	O
for	O
this	O
loss	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
estimated	O
that	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
would	O
grow	O
by	O
3.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
forecasted	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
grow	O
by	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1998	B-DATE
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
growth	O
rate	O
1996	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
report	O
said	O
that	O
among	O
the	O
143	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
monitored	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
since	O
1993	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
per	O
capita	O
output	O
value	O
of	O
131	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
would	O
increase	O
for	O
1998	B-DATE
,	O
exceeding	O
the	O
120	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
for	O
1997	B-DATE
and	O
67	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
for	O
1993	B-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
the	O
economic	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
developed	O
countries	O
is	O
estimated	O
at	O
2.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
which	O
surpassed	O
last	O
year	O
by	O
2.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
forecasts	O
say	O
it	O
will	O
decrease	O
to	O
2.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


For	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
a	O
special	O
characteristic	O
of	O
the	O
economic	O
situation	O
in	O
developed	O
countries	O
was	O
that	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
grew	O
strongly	O
whereas	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
weakened	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
economic	O
growth	O
rate	O
is	O
estimated	O
at	O
3.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
whereas	O
Japan	B-GPE
was	O
merely	O
0.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


It	O
forecasts	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
economy	O
will	O
grow	O
by	O
2.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1998	B-DATE
whereas	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
will	O
grow	O
by	O
1.25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
developed	O
countries	O
'	O
inflation	O
rate	O
for	O
1998	B-DATE
are	O
forecasted	O
to	O
maintain	O
a	O
low	O
level	O
of	O
2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
but	O
many	O
countries	O
will	O
still	O
be	O
perplexed	O
with	O
high	O
unemployment	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
outstanding	O
being	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
.	O


1997	B-DATE
is	O
the	B-DATE
sixth	I-DATE
consecutive	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
a	O
double	O
-	O
digit	O
unemployment	O
rate	O
in	O
EU	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
reached	O
10.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
is	O
slightly	O
lower	O
than	O
10.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1996	B-DATE
.	O


For	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
developing	O
countries	O
will	O
maintain	O
the	O
economic	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
5.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
is	O
forecasted	O
to	O
grow	O
by	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


Africa	B-LOC
's	O
economy	O
is	O
estimated	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
which	O
is	O
lower	O
than	O
last	O
year	O
's	O
4.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
is	O
forecasted	O
to	O
grow	O
by	O
4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
economy	O
is	O
estimated	O
to	O
grow	O
5.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
which	O
is	O
higher	O
than	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
3.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
is	O
forecasted	O
to	O
grow	O
by	O
3.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


Excluding	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
east	O
Asia	B-LOC
and	O
southeast	O
Asia	B-LOC
will	O
grow	O
by	O
6.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
which	O
is	O
lower	O
than	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
7.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
is	O
forecasted	O
to	O
grow	O
by	O
6.25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
can	O
be	O
expected	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
9.3	O
%	O
for	O
1997	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
slightly	O
lower	O
than	O
last	O
year	O
's	O
9.7	O
%	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
forecasted	O
to	O
grow	O
by	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
report	O
said	O
that	O
1997	B-DATE
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
year	O
of	O
economic	O
growth	O
for	O
those	O
countries	O
with	O
transitioning	O
economies	O
since	O
they	O
had	O
stopped	O
implementing	O
centrally	O
planned	O
economies	O
,	O
the	O
rate	O
reaching	O
1.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
estimated	O
to	O
grow	O
by	O
3.25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


Russia	B-GPE
's	O
estimated	O
growth	O
is	O
0.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
1.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
report	O
estimated	O
that	O
world	O
trade	O
would	O
grow	O
by	O
9.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
reversing	O
the	O
low	O
growth	O
rate	O
trend	O
of	O
5.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
with	O
an	O
estimated	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
Dec.	B-DATE
17	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Anding	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


A	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
considered	O
and	O
approved	O
the	O
technical	O
transformation	O
project	O
of	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
's	O
Chang'an	B-ORG
Auto	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
to	O
a	O
production	O
capacity	O
of	O
150,000	B-CARDINAL
Chang'an	B-ORG
Auto	I-ORG
luxury	O
cars	O
.	O


The	O
total	O
investment	O
value	O
of	O
this	O
compact	O
car	O
project	O
is	O
4.3	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
and	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1999	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
will	O
first	B-ORDINAL
reach	O
a	O
production	O
capability	O
of	O
100,000	B-CARDINAL
cars	O
and	O
180,000	B-CARDINAL
engines	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
2001	I-DATE
have	O
a	O
production	O
capability	O
of	O
150,000	B-CARDINAL
luxury	O
cars	O
and	O
240,000	B-CARDINAL
engines	O
.	O


From	O
January	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
100,000	B-CARDINAL
Chang'an	B-ORG
compact	O
cars	O
have	O
been	O
produced	O
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
54.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
17	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O


Compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
both	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
projects	O
approved	O
by	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
contracted	O
foreign	O
capital	O
decreased	O
to	O
some	O
extent	O
through	O
November	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
actual	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
investment	O
still	O
grew	O
by	O
27.01	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
data	O
provided	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Economy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Cooperation	I-ORG
today	B-DATE
indicate	O
that	O
through	O
November	B-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
actual	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
capital	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
was	O
46.959	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
which	O
included	O
direct	O
foreign	O
investment	O
of	O
40.07	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


January	B-DATE
through	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
approved	O
18,644	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
capital	O
projects	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
15.34	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
less	O
than	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
contracted	O
foreign	O
investment	O
reached	O
48.462	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
down	O
by	O
27.14	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Among	O
the	O
recently	O
approved	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
capital	O
enterprises	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
foreign	I-NORP
joint	O
ventures	O
and	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
foreign	I-NORP
cooperative	O
enterprises	O
decreased	O
substantially	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
exclusively	O
foreign	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
increased	O
by	O
4.12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
up	O
to	O
8,484	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
amount	O
of	O
actual	O
foreign	O
capital	O
also	O
increased	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


January	B-DATE
through	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
were	O
13	B-CARDINAL
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
foreign	I-NORP
cooperative	O
development	O
projects	O
recently	O
approved	O
by	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
whereas	O
there	O
were	O
10	B-CARDINAL
for	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
amount	O
of	O
contracted	O
foreign	O
investment	O
utilized	O
and	O
actually	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
investment	O
was	O
205	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
and	O
311	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
respectively	O
,	O
up	O
by	O
14.53	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
61.98	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
respectively	O
compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
17th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jie	B-PERSON
Qin	I-PERSON


The	O
53	B-CARDINAL
national	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
development	O
zones	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
are	O
developing	O
rapidly	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
group	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
enterprises	O
with	O
flexible	O
mechanisms	O
,	O
and	O
quick	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
demands	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
economy	O
and	O
strong	O
capabilities	O
in	O
technical	O
innovation	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
development	O
zones	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
were	O
brewed	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1980's	I-DATE
.	O


By	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
total	O
annual	O
income	O
of	O
technology	O
,	O
industry	O
and	O
trade	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
development	O
zones	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
reached	O
230	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
profit	O
and	O
tax	O
of	O
23.8	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
and	O
annual	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
earned	O
through	O
exports	O
up	O
to	O
4.3	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


All	O
grew	O
by	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
times	O
since	O
their	O
initial	O
establishment	O
.	O


Among	O
them	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
pillar	O
industries	O
with	O
fixed	O
scale	O
took	O
shape	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
405	B-CARDINAL
enterprises	O
with	O
output	O
value	O
exceeding	O
100	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
and	O
42	B-CARDINAL
large	O
enterprises	O
with	O
output	O
value	O
of	O
more	O
than	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


In	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
research	O
and	O
developing	O
investment	O
of	O
the	O
enterprises	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
development	O
zones	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
reached	O
6.235	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
3.5	B-CARDINAL
percent	O
of	O
the	O
sales	O
income	O
of	O
enterprise	O
products	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
13,000	I-CARDINAL
types	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
products	O
were	O
developed	O
and	O
produced	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
development	O
zones	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
have	O
preliminarily	O
established	O
a	O
management	O
system	O
and	O
operation	O
mechanism	O
that	O
suits	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
the	O
socialist	O
market	O
economy	O
system	O
and	O
the	O
development	O
needs	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
enterprises	O
and	O
links	O
with	O
international	O
conventions	O
.	O


Intermediary	O
agents	O
and	O
service	O
institutions	O
in	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
information	O
,	O
finance	O
,	O
law	O
,	O
assets	O
assessment	O
,	O
property	O
rights	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
established	O
and	O
continually	O
perfected	O
,	O
preliminarily	O
forming	O
a	O
relatively	O
perfect	O
support	O
service	O
decorum	O
that	O
suits	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
enterprises	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
regulate	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
zones	O
and	O
to	O
manage	O
the	O
zones	O
legally	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
issued	O
the	O
"	O
provisional	O
methods	O
of	O
managing	O
national	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
industry	O
development	O
zones	O
"	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
zones	O
of	O
Changchun	B-GPE
,	O
Suzhou	B-GPE
,	O
Shenyang	B-GPE
,	O
Changsha	B-GPE
,	O
Shijiazhuang	B-GPE
,	O
Kunming	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
either	O
successively	O
completed	O
the	O
State	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
legislative	O
works	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
zones	O
or	O
issued	O
management	O
methods	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
zones	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
government	O
orders	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O


Today	B-DATE
researchers	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Institute	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Traditional	I-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Medicine	I-ORG
announced	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
,	O
using	O
herbal	O
medicine	O
,	O
successfully	O
extracted	O
a	O
new	O
kind	O
of	O
medicine	O
"	O
Tang	O
Maikang	O
"	O
with	O
special	O
curative	O
effects	O
for	O
diabetes	O
.	O


Concerned	O
experts	O
believed	O
that	O
successful	O
developments	O
and	O
marketing	O
of	O
this	O
new	O
medicine	O
would	O
help	O
prevent	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
Diabetes	O
II	O
in	O
such	O
developing	O
countries	O
as	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
India	B-GPE
and	O
Africa	B-GPE
,	O
etc	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
Diabetes	I-EVENT
Prevention	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
Countermeasure	I-EVENT
Symposium	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
held	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Medicine	I-ORG
and	O
attended	O
by	O
academicians	O
,	O
medical	O
experts	O
and	O
biologists	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
reporters	O
learn	O
that	O
at	O
present	O
there	O
are	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
130	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
diabetics	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
them	O
suffer	O
from	O
Diabetes	O
II	O
.	O


The	O
complications	O
of	O
Diabetes	O
II	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
coronary	O
heart	O
disease	O
,	O
cerebrovascular	O
disease	O
,	O
nephropathy	O
,	O
blindness	O
and	O
lower	O
extremities	O
necrosis	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
have	O
become	O
the	O
mankind	O
's	O
third	B-ORDINAL
biggest	O
killer	O
next	O
to	O
cancer	O
and	O
AIDS	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
diabetics	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
which	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
second	B-ORDINAL
highest	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Experts	O
predict	O
that	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
economy	O
,	O
the	O
improvement	O
of	O
living	O
standards	O
and	O
dietary	O
habits	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
Diabetes	O
II	O
would	O
prevail	O
in	O
such	O
developing	O
countries	O
as	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
India	B-GPE
,	O
Africa	B-GPE
,	O
etc	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
annual	O
medical	O
expenses	O
for	O
diabetes	O
in	O
U.S.	B-GPE
are	O
about	O
10	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
and	O
India	B-GPE
's	O
diabetes	O
medical	O
expenses	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
were	O
610	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


There	O
are	O
no	O
specific	O
statistics	O
on	O
it	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
diabetics	O
is	O
increasing	O
by	O
750,000	B-CARDINAL
annually	O
.	O


Researchers	O
presented	O
,	O
saying	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
chemosynthetic	O
,	O
sugar	O
-	O
lowering	O
drugs	O
currently	O
commonly	O
used	O
outside	O
the	O
country	O
have	O
a	O
very	O
great	O
preventive	O
effect	O
against	O
the	O
complications	O
of	O
diabetes	O
.	O


"	O
Tang	O
Maikang	O
"	O
granules	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
reduce	O
not	O
only	O
blood	O
sugar	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
cholesterol	O
and	O
triglycerides	O
remarkably	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
special	O
curative	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
complications	O
of	O
diabetes	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
has	O
issued	O
a	O
document	O
specifying	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
confidential	O
variety	O
of	O
new	O
national	O
medicine	O
.	O


An	O
academician	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
and	O
traditional	O
medicine	O
consultant	O
to	O
the	O
WHO	B-ORG
,	O
Keji	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
,	O
etc.	O
and	O
expert	O
professors	O
attending	O
the	O
seminar	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
birth	O
of	O
"	O
Tang	O
Maikang	O
"	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
thing	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
hope	O
the	O
researchers	O
make	O
further	O
observations	O
on	O
insulin	O
and	O
changes	O
in	O
blood	O
flow	O
and	O
perform	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
research	O
on	O
the	O
effective	O
content	O
and	O
mechanism	O
of	O
"	O
Tang	O
Maikang	O
"	O
to	O
ensure	O
its	O
invincible	O
position	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
in	O
competition	O
with	O
the	O
developed	O
countries	O
.	O


To	O
improve	O
the	O
competitiveness	O
on	O
the	O
international	O
market	O
of	O
such	O
new	O
Chinese	B-NORP
medicine	O
as	O
"	O
Tang	O
Maikang	O
"	O
that	O
are	O
geared	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
Zhonghui	B-ORG
Pharmaceutical	I-ORG
Factory	I-ORG
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Chinese	B-ORG
Medicine	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
invested	O
200	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
and	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
production	O
base	O
with	O
an	O
annual	O
production	O
capacity	O
of	O
5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	O
Chengdu	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Sichuan	I-GPE
.	O


It	O
is	O
estimated	O
that	O
the	O
production	O
value	O
of	O
"	O
Tang	O
Maikang	O
"	O
will	O
reach	O
600	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
next	O
year	O
and	O
1.5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	O
2000	B-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
investigations	O
,	O
the	O
annual	O
global	O
sale	O
of	O
herbal	O
medicine	O
is	O
about	O
15	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
but	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
export	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
medicine	O
is	O
only	O
600	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
medicinal	O
materials	O
are	O
have	O
no	O
added	O
value	O
.	O


Experts	O
from	O
medicine	O
circles	O
predict	O
that	O
the	O
marketing	O
of	O
"	O
Tang	O
Maikang	O
"	O
and	O
the	O
completion	O
of	O
the	O
production	O
base	O
will	O
help	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
slump	O
of	O
nationally	O
made	O
Chinese	B-NORP
medicine	O
in	O
the	O
international	O
market	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
medicine	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
18th	I-DATE


Recently	O
,	O
when	O
talking	O
about	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
prospects	O
and	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
issue	O
,	O
Qichen	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
premier	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
minister	O
of	O
foreign	O
affairs	O
,	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
central	O
government	O
was	O
always	O
fully	O
confident	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
prospects	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
he	O
hoped	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
authorities	O
would	O
follow	O
the	O
trends	O
of	O
historical	O
development	O
and	O
take	O
opportunities	O
to	O
make	O
active	O
responses	O
and	O
wise	O
choices	O
for	O
the	O
political	O
negotiations	O
between	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Taiwan	I-LOC
Straits	I-LOC
.	O


Qichen	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
made	O
the	O
above	O
comments	O
while	O
he	O
talked	O
about	O
international	O
situations	O
and	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
affairs	O
of	O
1997	B-DATE
at	O
an	O
interview	O
with	O
a	O
reporter	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
.	O


Qichen	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
nearly	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
since	O
the	O
return	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
everything	O
was	O
done	O
in	O
an	O
orderly	O
fashion	O
by	O
the	O
special	O
administrative	O
region	O
's	O
government	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
guidelines	O
of	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
country	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
systems	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
administration	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
by	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
people	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
autonomy	O
"	O
were	O
implemented	O
effectively	O
.	O


The	O
special	O
administrative	O
region	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
maintained	O
a	O
good	O
phase	O
of	O
prosperity	O
and	O
stabilization	O
.	O


Qichen	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
we	O
were	O
always	O
fully	O
confident	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
prospects	O
.	O


The	O
central	O
government	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
country	O
always	O
gave	O
strong	O
backing	O
to	O
the	O
special	O
region	O
's	O
government	O
and	O
the	O
compatriots	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


We	O
believed	O
that	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
could	O
continue	O
to	O
maintain	O
its	O
position	O
as	O
a	O
free	O
port	O
and	O
a	O
center	O
of	O
international	O
finance	O
,	O
trade	O
and	O
shipping	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
keep	O
its	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
prosperity	O
and	O
stability	O
.	O


Qichen	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
also	O
made	O
a	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
beginning	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
authorities	O
continued	O
to	O
practice	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
"	O
practical	O
diplomacy	O
"	O
,	O
advocated	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
was	O
a	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
"	O
independent	O
sovereign	O
state	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
actively	O
set	O
up	O
obstacles	O
in	O
the	O
negotiations	O
between	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
straits	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
accomplishing	O
the	O
complete	O
unification	O
of	O
the	O
motherland	O
was	O
the	O
common	O
wish	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
throughout	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
abroad	O
.	O


Since	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
return	O
to	O
the	O
motherland	O
,	O
relations	O
between	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
straits	O
has	O
drawn	O
greater	O
attention	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
separatist	O
trend	O
on	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
has	O
greatly	O
hindering	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
peaceful	O
reunification	O
.	O


Qichen	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
also	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
Chairman	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
seriously	O
appealed	O
again	O
at	O
the	O
15th	B-ORDINAL
People	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
that	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
step	O
,	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
Straits	B-LOC
could	O
negotiate	O
on	O
"	O
formally	O
concluding	O
the	O
hostile	O
state	O
between	O
both	O
sides	O
under	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
one	O
China	B-GPE
"	O
and	O
come	O
to	O
an	O
agreement	O
;	O
and	O
on	O
this	O
basis	O
we	O
could	O
take	O
up	O
obligations	O
together	O
,	O
maintain	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
sovereignty	O
and	O
territory	O
,	O
and	O
plan	O
out	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
relations	O
between	O
both	O
sides	O
.	O


We	O
hope	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
authorities	O
conform	O
to	O
the	O
historical	O
development	O
trends	O
,	O
and	O
take	O
opportunities	O
to	O
make	O
active	O
responses	O
and	O
wise	O
choices	O
for	O
political	O
negotiations	O
between	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
Straits	B-LOC
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Nanning	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
Yaping	B-PERSON
Deng	I-PERSON


Nanning	B-GPE
city	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
capital	O
of	O
Guangxi	B-GPE
,	O
recently	O
was	O
honored	O
with	O
the	O
title	O
of	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
National	I-WORK_OF_ART
Park	I-WORK_OF_ART
City	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
thus	O
ascending	O
to	O
the	O
ranks	O
of	O
the	O
12	B-CARDINAL
Garden	B-ORG
Cities	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
and	O
becoming	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
city	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
minority	O
areas	O
to	O
receive	O
this	O
special	O
honor	O
.	O


To	O
date	O
,	O
Nanning	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
forest	O
area	O
has	O
reached	O
344,000	B-CARDINAL
,	O
with	O
forest	O
coverage	O
reaching	O
36.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
urban	O
greenification	O
coverage	O
reaching	O
36.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
green	O
land	O
reaching	O
31	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
public	O
green	O
area	O
per	O
capita	O
of	O
nearly	B-QUANTITY
7	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Nanning	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
has	O
successively	O
issued	O
and	O
implemented	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
laws	O
and	O
regulations	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
A	O
number	O
of	O
regulations	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
city	O
park	O
greenification	O
in	O
Nanning	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
"	O
,	O
"	O
Ordinances	O
for	O
city	O
park	O
greenification	O
in	O
Nanning	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
"	O
,	O
"	O
Regulations	O
for	O
the	O
protection	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
ancient	O
trees	O
and	O
famous	O
trees	O
in	O
Nanning	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
"	O
,	O
etc.	O
ensuring	O
that	O
the	O
Nanning	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
park	O
greenification	O
work	O
has	O
scientific	O
planning	O
and	O
a	O
laws	O
to	O
rely	O
on	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
incomplete	O
statistics	O
,	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
investment	O
in	O
Nanning	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
park	O
greenification	O
surpasses	O
20	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
every	O
year	O
,	O
and	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
investment	O
has	O
surpassed	O
100	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


To	O
highlight	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
tropical	O
landscape	O
and	O
nationalities	O
'	O
characteristics	O
in	O
the	O
urban	O
park	O
greenification	O
,	O
Nanning	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
has	O
planted	O
a	O
great	O
quantity	O
of	O
plants	O
of	O
the	O
palms	O
family	O
and	O
blossoming	O
tall	O
trees	O
,	O
flowering	O
shrubs	O
,	O
colorful	O
foliage	O
plants	O
,	O
ground	O
cover	O
plants	O
,	O
lawns	O
,	O
etc.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
main	O
streets	O
in	O
the	O
urban	O
area	O
have	O
basically	O
realized	O
greenification	O
,	O
colorization	O
,	O
fruitification	O
and	O
fragrantization	O
.	O


Since	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
Nanning	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
has	O
also	O
recently	O
built	O
three	B-CARDINAL
gardens	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
green	O
recreational	O
areas	O
,	O
including	O
such	O
key	O
scenic	O
spots	O
as	O
the	O
palm	O
garden	O
,	O
crocodile	O
lake	O
,	O
the	O
fragrant	O
flowers	O
park	O
,	O
the	O
golden	O
flower	O
tea	O
garden	O
,	O
etc.	O


Currently	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
there	O
are	O
12	B-CARDINAL
various	O
kinds	O
of	O
open	O
parks	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
public	O
green	O
recreational	O
areas	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
Nanning	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
has	O
designed	O
and	O
established	O
a	O
fairly	O
complete	O
park	O
greenification	O
system	O
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
will	O
strive	O
to	O
reach	O
37	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
greenification	O
coverage	O
,	O
32	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
green	O
land	O
and	O
10	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
per	O
capita	O
public	O
green	O
land	O
area	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jiansong	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON


A	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
US	B-GPE
Bristol	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Myers	I-ORG
Squibb	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
established	O
its	O
first	B-ORDINAL
joint	O
venture	O
enterprise	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
an	O
investment	O
of	O
only	O
5	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
side	O
only	O
took	O
this	O
as	O
a	O
small	O
window	O
for	O
watching	O
over	O
Chinese	B-NORP
markets	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
this	O
multinational	O
group	O
has	O
successively	O
added	O
investments	O
of	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
will	O
develop	O
Squibb	B-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Pharmaceutical	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
into	O
its	O
production	O
and	O
export	O
center	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
-	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
region	I-LOC
.	O


Squibb	B-ORG
's	O
-LRB-	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
gross	O
sales	O
volume	O
of	O
will	O
reach	O
1	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Defu	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON
,	O
company	O
board	O
chairman	O
says	O
that	O
through	O
Squibb	B-ORG
-LRB-	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
US	B-GPE
Bristol	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Myers	I-ORG
Squibb	I-ORG
company	O
has	O
tasted	O
the	O
sweetness	O
of	O
investing	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
now	O
the	O
group	O
's	O
total	O
investment	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
exceeded	O
100	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


After	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
"	O
testing	O
the	O
waters	O
"	O
,	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
foreign	O
businesses	O
like	O
Bristol	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Myers	I-ORG
Squibb	I-ORG
have	O
begun	O
to	O
think	O
highly	O
of	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
and	O
market	O
potential	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
have	O
one	O
after	O
another	O
,	O
added	O
investments	O
to	O
expand	O
reproduction	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
gradually	O
build	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
into	O
their	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
even	O
Asia	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
region	I-LOC
operational	O
and	O
sales	O
center	O
.	O


Economic	O
experts	O
analysis	O
say	O
this	O
shows	O
that	O
many	O
multinational	O
companies	O
progressively	O
think	O
more	O
highly	O
of	O
the	O
political	O
and	O
economic	O
situation	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
even	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
have	O
begun	O
to	O
rearrange	O
their	O
overall	O
operational	O
strategy	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
turning	O
gradually	O
from	O
the	O
scattered	O
,	O
non-systematic	O
and	O
individual	O
investment	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
period	O
to	O
the	O
comparatively	O
large	O
-	O
scaled	O
,	O
systematized	O
investment	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
building	O
production	O
bases	O
to	O
implementing	O
integrated	O
development	O
of	O
products	O
at	O
all	O
levels	O
-	O
high	O
,	O
middle	O
and	O
low	O
.	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
investment	O
scope	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
expanded	O
from	O
industrial	O
manufacturing	O
to	O
domains	O
such	O
as	O
bank	O
,	O
insurance	O
,	O
consultation	O
,	O
trade	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


The	O
statistics	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Investment	I-ORG
Working	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
show	O
that	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
investments	O
added	O
by	O
foreign	O
investment	O
enterprises	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
reached	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
4.89	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
17	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
foreign	O
investment	O
that	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
attracted	O
.	O


Faced	O
with	O
an	O
upsurge	O
of	O
additional	O
investment	O
by	O
foreign	O
businesses	O
of	O
various	O
countries	O
the	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
government	O
expressed	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
work	O
more	O
diligently	O
to	O
perfect	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
,	O
provide	O
more	O
standard	O
operation	O
space	O
for	O
foreign	O
businesses	O
,	O
and	O
strive	O
to	O
reach	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
1/4	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
the	O
foreign	O
capital	O
coming	O
from	O
the	O
foreign	O
business	O
added	O
investment	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


A	O
latest	O
investment	O
environment	O
survey	O
here	O
shows	O
that	O
investors	O
from	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
commonly	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
integrated	O
conditions	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
investment	O
environment	O
possess	O
an	O
obvious	O
advantage	O
.	O


Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
has	O
entered	O
into	O
the	O
post-industrialization	O
mid-development	O
stage	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
providing	O
wide	O
investment	O
scope	O
for	O
foreign	O
businesses	O
from	O
various	O
countries	O
.	O


Shanghai	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
largest	O
modernized	O
industrial	O
city	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
has	O
complete	O
industry	O
categories	O
,	O
developed	O
infrastructure	O
and	O
perfect	O
municipal	O
functionality	O
.	O


The	O
financial	O
center	O
,	O
business	O
center	O
and	O
shipping	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
inland	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
are	O
also	O
here	O
.	O


The	O
Pudong	B-GPE
development	O
and	O
the	O
Yangtze	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
Valley	I-LOC
development	O
strategy	O
spearheaded	O
by	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
central	O
government	O
have	O
redoubled	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
this	O
city	O
.	O


The	O
good	O
investment	O
environment	O
makes	O
the	O
success	O
rate	O
of	O
investment	O
by	O
foreign	O
businesses	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
reach	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Whereas	O
the	O
return	O
rate	O
always	O
ranking	O
first	B-ORDINAL
in	O
the	O
country	O
is	O
another	O
important	O
reason	O
for	O
attracting	O
foreign	O
businesses	O
to	O
continuously	O
add	O
investments	O
.	O


The	B-GPE
Shanghai	I-GPE
Minhang	I-GPE
Development	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
achieved	O
a	O
return	O
on	O
investment	O
rate	O
reaching	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
32	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
has	O
had	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
foreign	O
investment	O
enterprises	O
add	O
investments	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
third	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	B-GPE
New	I-GPE
Pudong	I-GPE
Area	I-GPE
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
multinational	O
companies	O
,	O
including	O
Mitsubishi	B-ORG
,	O
Sumitomo	B-ORG
,	O
Matsushita	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Industrial	I-ORG
,	O
Sharp	B-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
added	O
investments	O
of	O
500	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
which	O
is	O
more	O
than	O
twice	O
the	O
original	O
investment	O
of	O
these	O
companies	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Rhone	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Poulenc	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
of	O
France	B-GPE
recently	O
added	O
24	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
investment	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
to	O
build	O
a	O
new	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
park	O
occupying	O
an	O
area	O
of	O
20	B-CARDINAL
hectares	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
organize	O
and	O
establish	O
a	O
Asia	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
region	I-LOC
technology	O
center	O
here	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Pulor	B-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
,	O
said	O
that	O
"	O
Rhone	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Poulenc	I-ORG
will	O
continuously	O
expand	O
its	O
business	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
just	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O
"	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
2nd	I-DATE


Message	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
:	O


With	O
the	O
agreement	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
continue	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
import	O
taxation	O
policy	O
effective	O
before	O
Mar	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
31	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1996	I-DATE
for	O
importing	O
equipment	O
and	O
raw	O
materials	O
within	O
the	O
total	O
investment	O
value	O
of	O
foreign	O
funded	O
enterprises	O
approved	O
before	O
Mar	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
31	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1996	I-DATE
until	O
all	O
imports	O
are	O
completed	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Huiliang	B-PERSON
Bai	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Pharmaceutical	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
says	O
that	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
pharmaceutical	O
industry	O
in	O
which	O
China	B-GPE
encourages	O
foreign	O
businesses	O
to	O
invest	O
are	O
:	O
those	O
that	O
can	O
meet	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
markets	O
,	O
upgrade	O
product	O
levels	O
,	O
expand	O
foreign	O
sales	O
,	O
increase	O
exports	O
and	O
foreign	O
currency	O
earnings	O
;	O
enterprises	O
that	O
can	O
produce	O
medicine	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
produced	O
by	O
China	B-GPE
but	O
is	O
urgently	O
needed	O
;	O
those	O
that	O
can	O
introduce	O
domestically	O
needed	O
advanced	O
technology	O
to	O
reform	O
old	O
enterprises	O
;	O
those	O
that	O
can	O
introduce	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
,	O
patent	O
technology	O
and	O
products	O
;	O
and	O
those	O
that	O
bring	O
advanced	O
management	O
experience	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
that	O
apart	O
from	O
investment	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
also	O
welcomes	O
cooperation	O
of	O
foreign	O
pharmaceutical	O
enterprises	O
to	O
cooperate	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
other	O
ways	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
compensation	O
trade	O
,	O
licensing	O
trade	O
,	O
third	B-ORDINAL
party	O
processing	O
,	O
technology	O
transfer	O
,	O
and	O
joint	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
products	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yu	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
and	O
correspondent	O
Hai	B-PERSON
Pu	I-PERSON


According	O
to	O
the	O
statistics	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Pudong	I-ORG
Customs	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
,	O
from	O
January	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
total	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
goods	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
Pudong	B-GPE
region	O
-LRB-	O
including	O
the	O
Gaoqiao	B-GPE
bonded	O
area	O
-RRB-	O
reached	O
8.579	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
almost	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
quarter	I-CARDINAL
compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
is	O
predicted	O
that	O
the	B-DATE
whole	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
total	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
value	O
will	O
exceed	O
9	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
foreign	O
trade	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
Pudong	B-GPE
region	O
shows	O
characteristics	O
of	O
well	O
-	O
proportioned	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
and	O
powerful	O
growth	O
.	O


The	O
processing	O
trade	O
is	O
developing	O
comparatively	O
quickly	O
,	O
with	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
region	O
having	O
joined	O
the	O
ranks	O
of	O
the	O
processing	O
trade	O
,	O
having	O
equal	O
shares	O
with	O
foreign	O
funded	O
enterprises	O
in	O
both	O
number	O
of	O
enterprises	O
and	O
recorded	O
contract	O
value	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
their	O
production	O
and	O
operation	O
methods	O
have	O
gradually	O
transformed	O
from	O
simple	O
materials	O
processing	O
to	O
fine	O
,	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
processing	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
and	O
high	O
added	O
value	O
commodities	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
introduction	O
,	O
because	O
foreign	O
funded	O
enterprises	O
increased	O
equipment	O
imports	O
as	O
investments	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
addition	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
opened	O
its	O
foreign	O
trade	O
area	O
to	O
foreign	O
capital	O
in	O
Pudong	B-GPE
and	O
established	O
three	B-CARDINAL
joint	O
venture	O
trade	O
companies	O
,	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
totals	O
of	O
foreign	O
funded	O
enterprises	O
in	O
Pudong	B-GPE
increased	O
37.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
reaching	O
3.86	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
while	O
accounting	O
for	O
45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Pudong	B-GPE
's	O
total	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
.	O


With	O
regards	O
to	O
the	O
categories	O
of	O
imported	O
and	O
exported	O
commodities	O
,	O
electromechanical	O
products	O
come	O
out	O
on	O
top	O
among	O
Pudong	B-GPE
's	O
imported	O
goods	O
,	O
which	O
mainly	O
are	O
computers	O
,	O
integrated	O
circuits	O
and	O
micro-components	O
;	O
while	O
export	O
gives	O
priority	O
to	O
electromechanical	O
,	O
clothing	O
and	O
knitting	O
type	O
products	O
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
remains	O
the	O
biggest	O
trade	O
partner	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
are	O
second	B-ORDINAL
and	O
third	B-ORDINAL
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Xining	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE


Urban	O
infrastructure	O
construction	O
which	O
restricted	O
the	O
attraction	O
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
is	O
now	O
thought	O
highly	O
of	O
by	O
foreign	O
businesses	O
and	O
following	O
resource	O
development	O
is	O
becoming	O
a	O
new	O
field	O
of	O
focused	O
use	O
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
in	O
Qinghai	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
investment	O
in	O
urban	O
infrastructure	O
construction	O
in	O
Xining	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
insufficient	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
46	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
from	O
the	O
founding	O
of	O
new	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
total	O
investment	O
was	O
only	O
about	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
and	O
the	O
backward	O
condition	O
of	O
urban	O
construction	O
restricted	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
have	O
successively	O
expressed	O
a	O
desire	O
to	O
get	O
their	O
feet	O
wet	O
in	O
urban	O
construction	O
in	O
Xining	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Qinghai	B-GPE
government	O
made	O
the	O
best	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
situation	O
and	O
put	O
forward	O
urban	O
construction	O
thinking	O
that	O
commercializes	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
and	O
approved	O
"	O
A	O
number	O
of	O
regulations	O
on	O
encouraging	O
and	O
guiding	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
Xining	B-GPE
"	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


After	O
the	O
decision	O
to	O
allow	O
transfer	O
with	O
payment	O
operational	O
and	O
management	O
rights	O
for	O
the	O
Xining	B-GPE
's	O
east	O
exit	O
road	O
,	O
was	O
publicized	O
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
ten	I-CARDINAL
foreign	O
businessmen	O
immediately	O
came	O
to	O
negotiate	O
and	O
the	O
deal	O
was	O
finally	O
struck	O
at	O
50	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
renovation	O
project	O
of	O
Mojia	B-FAC
street	I-FAC
in	O
the	O
old	O
city	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
designed	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
functional	O
requirements	O
of	O
modern	O
cities	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
exclusively	O
undertaken	O
and	O
constructed	O
by	O
a	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
businessman	O
investing	O
50	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
new	O
construction	O
project	O
of	O
the	O
sixth	B-ORDINAL
headwater	O
,	O
uses	O
foreign	O
capital	O
of	O
nearly	O
20	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
water	O
supply	O
capacity	O
that	O
could	O
reach	O
1.5	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
per	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
dramatically	O
alleviate	O
the	O
tense	O
situation	O
of	O
inadequate	O
water	O
supply	O
in	O
Xining	B-GPE
city	I-GPE
.	O


For	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
north	O
exit	O
road	O
construction	O
project	O
,	O
an	O
agreement	O
has	O
been	O
reached	O
with	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Taihua	B-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
investment	O
needed	O
is	O
about	B-MONEY
180	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


For	O
the	O
southern	O
beltway	O
highway	O
project	O
,	O
several	O
foreign	O
businesses	O
also	O
came	O
to	O
negotiate	O
investment	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
DC	I-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
21	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Jingsheng	B-PERSON
Zhai	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


On	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Monetary	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
released	O
here	O
a	O
provisional	O
assessment	O
report	O
,	O
and	O
once	O
again	O
lowered	O
its	O
forecast	O
for	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
growth	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
for	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
report	O
held	O
that	O
the	O
effect	O
that	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
banking	O
crisis	O
was	O
having	O
on	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
was	O
even	O
more	O
serious	O
than	O
previously	O
estimated	O
.	O


It	O
estimated	O
that	O
for	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
rate	O
of	O
growth	O
would	O
be	O
4.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
next	O
year	O
falling	O
to	O
3.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
that	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
is	O
the	O
year	O
with	O
the	O
slowest	O
growth	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Compared	O
to	O
the	O
forecast	O
that	O
the	O
above	O
-	O
mentioned	O
organization	O
published	O
in	O
October	B-DATE
,	O
this	O
is	O
lower	O
by	O
0.1	B-CARDINAL
and	O
0.8	B-PERCENT
percentage	I-PERCENT
points	I-PERCENT
,	O
respectively	O
.	O


The	O
IMF	B-ORG
furthermore	O
lowered	O
the	O
forecasts	O
of	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	O
economic	O
growth	O
for	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
regions	O
and	O
countries	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
its	O
newest	O
estimates	O
,	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
economic	O
growth	O
of	O
industrialized	O
countries	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
will	O
be	O
3.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
it	O
will	O
be	O
3.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Among	O
them	O
,	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
rate	O
of	O
economic	O
growth	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
will	O
fall	O
from	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
3.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
down	O
to	O
2.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
rate	O
of	O
economic	O
growth	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
will	O
be	O
only	O
1.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


It	O
estimated	O
that	O
the	O
developing	O
countries	O
'	O
economies	O
will	O
grow	O
5.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
will	O
only	O
grow	O
4.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
lower	O
by	O
1.3	B-PERCENT
percentage	I-PERCENT
points	I-PERCENT
compared	O
to	O
the	O
October	B-DATE
estimate	O
.	O


Among	O
them	O
,	O
the	O
rates	O
of	O
growth	O
for	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
for	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
regions	O
are	O
estimated	O
at	O
6.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
5.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
lower	O
by	O
0.9	B-CARDINAL
and	O
1.7	B-PERCENT
percentage	I-PERCENT
points	I-PERCENT
compared	O
to	O
the	O
previous	O
forecast	O
.	O


The	O
economic	O
growth	O
of	O
such	O
countries	O
as	O
Korea	B-GPE
,	O
Thailand	B-GPE
,	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
,	O
Malaysia	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
Philippines	B-GPE
all	O
will	O
clearly	O
slow	O
down	O
.	O


The	O
IMF	B-ORG
also	O
made	O
a	O
new	O
forecast	O
for	O
trends	O
in	O
world	O
trade	O
in	O
commodities	O
and	O
labor	O
.	O


It	O
estimated	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
growth	O
in	O
global	O
trade	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
be	O
8.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
dropping	O
to	O
6.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Within	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
trade	O
growth	O
for	O
industrialized	O
countries	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
will	O
be	O
9.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
6.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
growth	O
for	O
developing	O
countries	O
will	O
be	O
9.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
7.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
report	O
observed	O
that	O
if	O
economic	O
and	O
banking	O
policies	O
are	O
effective	O
,	O
the	O
economies	O
of	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
region	O
hopefully	O
would	O
start	O
rising	O
again	O
in	O
1999	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
likely	O
to	O
exhibit	O
a	O
large	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
speed	O
,	O
V	O
-	O
shaped	O
rise	O
like	O
that	O
of	O
Mexico	B-GPE
and	O
Argentina	B-GPE
following	O
the	O
fiscal	O
crisis	O
of	O
1994	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
1995	I-DATE
.	O


If	O
reform	O
measures	O
are	O
not	O
effective	O
,	O
a	O
crisis	O
of	O
confidence	O
will	O
still	O
exist	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
that	O
case	O
there	O
is	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
investors	O
will	O
turn	O
their	O
attention	O
to	O
other	O
,	O
newly	O
rising	O
markets	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Lanzhou	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
22nd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Zunjing	B-PERSON
Shen	I-PERSON
and	O
Zhiping	B-PERSON
Sun	I-PERSON


The	B-ORG
Jinchuan	I-ORG
Nonferrous	I-ORG
Metal	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
was	O
established	O
in	O
Jinchuan	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Gansu	I-GPE
,	O
when	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
invested	O
nearly	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
currently	O
has	O
a	O
production	O
capacity	O
to	O
annually	O
produce	O
40,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
nickel	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
average	O
mining	O
quantity	O
per	O
person	O
per	O
shift	O
has	O
reached	O
an	O
internationally	O
advanced	O
level	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
largest	O
nickel	O
production	O
base	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
the	O
largest	O
nickel	O
flash	O
-	O
melting	O
furnace	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
and	O
the	O
5th	B-ORDINAL
of	O
the	O
kind	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
is	O
erected	O
here	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
symbol	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
nickel	O
industry	O
technology	O
striding	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
advanced	O
ranks	O
.	O


Nickel	O
,	O
called	O
the	O
"	O
vitamin	O
of	O
modern	O
industry	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
3,000	I-CARDINAL
varieties	O
of	O
alloy	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
material	O
specially	O
required	O
to	O
develop	O
space	O
-	O
flight	O
,	O
aviation	O
,	O
military	O
and	O
modern	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
.	O


In	O
1958	B-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
geological	O
mineral	O
workers	O
discovered	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
second	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
nickel	O
mine	O
in	O
Jinchuan	B-GPE
,	O
Gansu	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
a	O
reserve	O
of	O
5.53	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
domestic	O
proven	O
reserves	O
.	O


In	O
1964	B-DATE
,	O
Jinchuan	B-ORG
Company	I-ORG
produced	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
batch	O
of	O
electrolytic	O
nickel	O
.	O


From	O
then	O
on	O
,	O
the	O
situation	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
long	O
time	O
dependence	O
on	O
import	O
for	O
nickel	O
,	O
cobalt	O
and	O
platinum	O
family	O
metals	O
has	O
been	O
changed	O
gradually	O
.	O


Up	O
to	O
now	O
,	O
this	O
place	O
has	O
become	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
nickel	O
and	O
cobalt	O
production	O
base	O
and	O
platinum	O
family	O
metals	O
refining	O
center	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
output	O
of	O
nickel	O
and	O
platinum	O
family	O
metals	O
that	O
respectively	O
account	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
88	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
whole	O
country	O
respectively	O
,	O
being	O
praised	O
as	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
Nickel	O
Capitol	O
"	O
.	O


In	O
1978	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Jinchuan	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
was	O
listed	O
by	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
top	O
three	B-CARDINAL
bases	O
of	O
integrated	O
utilization	O
of	O
national	O
mineral	O
resources	O
.	O


Since	O
then	O
,	O
this	O
enterprise	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
representative	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
nickel	O
industry	O
,	O
began	O
to	O
step	O
onto	O
its	O
vigorous	O
development	O
road	O
by	O
relying	O
on	O
advances	O
in	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
span	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
19	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
experts	O
and	O
scholars	O
from	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
scientific	O
research	O
schools	O
and	O
institutes	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
construction	O
units	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
together	O
with	O
the	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
personnel	O
of	O
Jinchuan	B-ORG
company	I-ORG
,	O
launched	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
allied	O
offensives	O
focusing	O
firmly	O
on	O
such	O
key	O
problems	O
as	O
mine	O
construction	O
at	O
Jinchuan	B-GPE
,	O
production	O
maximization	O
,	O
environmental	O
protection	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
implemented	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
599	B-CARDINAL
specialty	O
research	O
items	O
,	O
and	O
achieved	O
186	B-CARDINAL
items	O
of	O
significant	O
scientific	O
research	O
results	O
,	O
among	O
which	O
139	B-CARDINAL
items	O
won	O
provincial	O
,	O
departmental	O
level	O
and	O
higher	O
level	O
awards	O
and	O
11	B-CARDINAL
items	O
reached	O
internationally	O
advanced	O
levels	O
.	O


Among	O
these	O
research	O
results	O
,	O
138	B-CARDINAL
items	O
were	O
applied	O
to	O
production	O
by	O
enterprises	O
to	O
"	O
spin	O
gold	O
from	O
straw	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
greatly	O
raised	O
the	O
production	O
level	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
nickel	O
industry	O
.	O


Data	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
recoverable	O
valuable	O
elements	O
at	O
Jinchuan	B-ORG
Company	I-ORG
have	O
increased	O
from	O
originally	O
7	B-CARDINAL
kinds	O
to	O
14	B-CARDINAL
kinds	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
net	O
increase	O
of	O
selective	O
and	O
smelting	O
nickel	O
recovery	O
is	O
26.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
that	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
smelting	O
recovery	O
of	O
precious	O
metals	O
has	O
increased	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
times	O
.	O


After	O
starting	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
of	O
the	O
Jinchuan	B-GPE
project	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
which	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
invested	O
a	O
total	O
sum	O
of	O
2.66	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	O
and	O
listed	O
as	O
a	O
national	O
key	O
construction	O
project	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Jinchuan	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
further	O
accelerated	O
its	O
pace	O
of	O
technology	O
advancement	O
.	O


Seeing	O
this	O
as	O
a	O
juncture	O
,	O
it	O
worked	O
hard	O
to	O
improve	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
nickel	O
industry	O
's	O
level	O
of	O
technology	O
,	O
technique	O
and	O
equipment	O
.	O


They	O
introduced	O
new	O
technology	O
and	O
advanced	O
equipment	O
from	O
various	O
countries	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
heavily	O
adopted	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
latest	O
domestic	O
scientific	O
research	O
results	O
,	O
and	O
built	O
a	O
6500	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
long	O
primary	O
slope	O
mine	O
shaft	O
-	O
the	O
longest	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
.	O


They	O
worked	O
out	O
a	O
cement	O
filling	O
mining	O
method	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
average	O
quantity	O
mined	O
per	O
person	O
per	O
shift	O
is	O
17.6	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
,	O
reaching	O
an	O
internationally	O
advanced	O
level	O
.	O


They	O
introduced	O
key	O
technology	O
and	O
equipment	O
using	O
260	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
and	O
,	O
through	O
digestion	O
and	O
absorption	O
,	O
built	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
Asia	B-LOC
's	O
largest	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
5th	B-ORDINAL
nickel	O
flash	O
-	O
melting	O
furnace	O
and	O
brought	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
nickel	O
smelting	O
technology	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
leading	O
ranks	O
.	O


Jinyi	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
,	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
Jinchuan	B-ORG
Company	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
Jinchuan	B-GPE
's	O
second	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
project	O
was	O
neither	O
a	O
reproduction	O
or	O
extension	O
of	O
first	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
technology	O
or	O
management	O
,	O
nor	O
simply	O
increasing	O
production	O
capacity	O
by	O
expanding	O
production	O
scale	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
catch	O
up	O
with	O
and	O
surpass	O
the	O
advanced	O
levels	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
nickel	O
production	O
technology	O
and	O
techniques	O
,	O
and	O
practice	O
for	O
combining	O
introduced	O
technology	O
and	O
domestic	O
scientific	O
research	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Jinchuan	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
quality	O
products	O
value	O
has	O
reached	O
89.89	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
varieties	O
of	O
its	O
products	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
electrolytic	O
nickel	O
,	O
sulphuric	O
nickel	O
,	O
platinum	O
and	O
rhodium	O
products	O
,	O
stainless	O
steel	O
products	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
exported	O
to	O
such	O
countries	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
UK	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
Iran	B-GPE
,	O
United	B-GPE
Arab	I-GPE
Emirates	I-GPE
,	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
,	O
etc	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Xiamen	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
22nd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Zongmin	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON


Today	B-DATE
,	O
Tieying	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
,	O
state	O
council	O
member	O
and	O
director	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
System	I-ORG
Reform	I-ORG
,	O
pointed	O
out	O
at	O
the	B-EVENT
National	I-EVENT
Economic	I-EVENT
System	I-EVENT
Reform	I-EVENT
Work	I-EVENT
Conference	I-EVENT
convened	O
here	O
that	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
would	O
focus	O
on	O
hot	O
issues	O
and	O
tough	O
issues	O
of	O
current	O
economic	O
life	O
and	O
strive	O
to	O
make	O
new	O
breakthroughs	O
in	O
economic	O
system	O
reform	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
main	O
tasks	O
of	O
economic	O
system	O
reform	O
will	O
be	O
:	O
maintaining	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
the	O
reform	O
of	O
the	O
socialist	O
market	O
economy	O
;	O
further	O
adjusting	O
and	O
perfecting	O
ownership	O
structures	O
;	O
accelerating	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
creating	O
a	O
modern	O
enterprise	O
system	O
for	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
;	O
vigorously	O
promoting	O
strategic	O
reform	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
owned	O
economy	O
;	O
accelerating	O
restructuring	O
;	O
appropriately	O
placing	O
departing	O
extraneous	O
personnel	O
;	O
implementing	O
re-employment	O
projects	O
;	O
deepening	O
financial	O
system	O
reforms	O
;	O
continuing	O
to	O
strengthen	O
and	O
improve	O
macroscopic	O
control	O
;	O
promoting	O
grain	O
and	O
cotton	O
circulation	O
system	O
reform	O
;	O
actively	O
developing	O
agriculture	O
industrialization	O
operations	O
;	O
actively	O
promoting	O
organization	O
reform	O
;	O
transforming	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
economic	O
management	O
methods	O
;	O
examining	O
the	O
system	O
of	O
management	O
,	O
supervision	O
,	O
and	O
operation	O
of	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
assets	O
;	O
deepening	O
reforms	O
in	O
the	O
systems	O
of	O
social	O
security	O
and	O
housing	O
;	O
striving	O
to	O
improve	O
urban	O
integrated	O
support	O
reform	O
;	O
and	O
making	O
substantial	O
progress	O
in	O
setting	O
up	O
new	O
systems	O
.	O


Tieying	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
focus	O
on	O
deepening	O
reform	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
is	O
advancing	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
and	O
would	O
use	O
companies	O
as	O
its	O
main	O
units	O
of	O
operation	O
to	O
implement	O
comprehensive	O
system	O
innovation	O
for	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
establishing	O
a	O
modern	O
enterprise	O
system	O
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
recently	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
take	O
about	B-DATE
3	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
extricate	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
large	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
with	O
a	O
deficit	O
from	O
their	O
current	O
plight	O
through	O
reforming	O
,	O
restructuring	O
,	O
renovating	O
and	O
strengthening	O
management	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
,	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
endeavor	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
large	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
key	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
backbone	O
enterprises	O
preliminarily	O
establish	O
modern	O
enterprise	O
systems	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
is	O
researching	O
and	O
laying	O
down	O
specific	O
plans	O
and	O
policies	O
for	O
the	O
3	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprise	O
reform	O
.	O


Tieying	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
would	O
actively	O
promote	O
the	O
strategic	O
restructuring	O
of	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
using	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
"	O
grasping	O
the	O
large	O
ones	O
and	O
letting	O
the	O
little	O
ones	O
go	O
"	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
premise	O
.	O


When	O
rebuilding	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
into	O
limited	O
companies	O
and	O
stock	O
companies	O
with	O
multiple	O
principle	O
investments	O
and	O
reasonable	O
stock	O
rights	O
structure	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
using	O
capital	O
as	O
the	O
link	O
for	O
structuring	O
parent	O
-	O
subsidiary	O
corporate	O
systems	O
to	O
smooth	O
out	O
reasonable	O
internal	O
group	O
relations	O
,	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
prevent	O
administrative	O
"	O
mandatory	O
matching	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
arbitrarily	O
creating	O
piles	O
"	O
.	O


The	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
large	O
companies	O
and	O
large	O
groups	O
through	O
purchase	O
,	O
merger	O
and	O
alliance	O
that	O
would	O
combine	O
industry	O
,	O
technology	O
and	O
trade	O
and	O
would	O
operate	O
across	O
regions	O
,	O
across	O
industries	O
,	O
across	O
systems	O
of	O
ownership	O
and	O
across	O
countries	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
encouraged	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
,	O
at	O
present	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
300,000	I-CARDINAL
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
of	O
which	O
14,500	B-CARDINAL
are	O
large	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
enterprises	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
recent	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
momentum	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprise	O
reform	O
has	O
obviously	O
increased	O
,	O
and	O
inter-enterprise	O
purchases	O
,	O
mergers	O
and	O
"	O
powerful	O
alliances	O
"	O
have	O
reached	O
a	O
fixed	O
scale	O
.	O


Tieying	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
housing	O
system	O
reform	O
needs	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
establishing	O
new	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
benefit	O
allotment	O
monetization	O
,	O
and	O
needs	O
to	O
accelerate	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
transforming	O
housing	O
allotments	O
and	O
tangibles	O
to	O
payments	O
.	O


When	O
talking	O
about	O
rural	O
system	O
reform	O
,	O
Tieying	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
stressed	O
that	O
the	O
household	O
-	O
factory	O
contract	O
responsibility	O
system	O
needs	O
to	O
persist	O
unchanged	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
land	O
rights	O
and	O
compensated	O
circulation	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
actively	O
sought	O
and	O
established	O
and	O
land	O
scaled	O
operations	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
promoted	O
.	O


Through	O
reform	O
,	O
a	O
grain	O
circulation	O
system	O
with	O
a	O
clear	O
division	O
of	O
central	O
and	O
local	O
responsibilities	O
and	O
rights	O
which	O
would	O
be	O
under	O
national	O
macroscopic	O
control	O
and	O
would	O
meet	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
the	O
socialist	O
market	O
economy	O
and	O
would	O
suit	O
the	O
national	O
situation	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
gradually	O
established	O
.	O


Through	O
implementing	O
industrialized	O
agricultural	O
operations	O
,	O
peasants	O
'	O
income	O
and	O
local	O
fiscal	O
revenues	O
should	O
be	O
increased	O
and	O
new	O
economic	O
growth	O
spots	O
should	O
be	O
cultivated	O
.	O


Tieying	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
had	O
the	O
determination	O
and	O
confidence	O
to	O
reach	O
the	O
target	O
of	O
preliminarily	O
establishing	O
a	O
socialist	O
market	O
economy	O
system	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


Planned	O
key	O
breakthroughs	O
should	O
be	O
made	O
on	O
some	O
system	O
factors	O
that	O
inhibit	O
establishing	O
new	O
systems	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
accelerate	O
realizing	O
a	O
new	O
phase	O
of	O
resource	O
deployment	O
marketization	O
,	O
benefit	O
allotment	O
monetization	O
,	O
public	O
service	O
socialization	O
,	O
economic	O
operation	O
legalization	O
,	O
and	O
initiating	O
economic	O
system	O
reform	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
22	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O


During	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	O
which	O
is	O
quickly	O
coming	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
,	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
large	O
special	O
economic	O
zones	O
,	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
,	O
Zhuhai	B-GPE
,	O
Shantou	B-GPE
,	O
Xiamen	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Hainan	B-GPE
,	O
have	O
actively	O
established	O
their	O
new	O
dominance	O
,	O
and	O
cultivated	O
new	O
economic	O
growth	O
areas	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
economy	O
has	O
maintained	O
strongly	O
increasing	O
momentum	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
continued	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
solid	O
and	O
strong	O
foundation	O
to	O
advance	O
into	O
the	O
new	O
century	O
.	O


In	O
1997	B-DATE
the	O
national	O
economy	O
of	O
the	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
special	O
zone	O
has	O
continued	O
to	O
show	O
gratifying	O
growth	O
momentum	O
.	O


The	O
annual	O
GDP	O
could	O
reach	O
113	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
16	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
that	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
with	O
financial	O
revenue	O
within	O
the	O
local	O
budget	O
of	O
14	B-DATE
billion	I-DATE
yuan	I-DATE
,	O
increasing	O
6.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
state	O
of	O
revenue	O
and	O
expenditure	O
is	O
sound	O
,	O
the	O
financial	O
operations	O
are	O
smooth	O
and	O
steady	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
real	O
estate	O
market	O
is	O
taking	O
a	O
gradual	O
turn	O
for	O
the	O
better	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
special	O
zone	O
has	O
vigorously	O
strengthened	O
its	O
foreign	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
cooperation	O
by	O
making	O
use	O
of	O
its	O
unique	O
advantage	O
of	O
its	O
position	O
at	O
the	O
forefront	O
of	O
the	O
opening	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
achievements	O
are	O
remarkable	O
.	O


The	O
use	O
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
tends	O
to	O
be	O
varied	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
enterprises	O
in	O
this	O
special	O
zone	O
are	O
entering	O
the	O
international	O
capital	O
market	O
for	O
direct	O
financing	O
.	O


The	O
annual	O
foreign	O
capital	O
actually	O
utilized	O
is	O
estimated	O
to	O
possibly	O
reach	O
2.8	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
15.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Shenzhen	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
trade	O
exports	O
are	O
rising	O
rapidly	O
,	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
overseas	O
trade	O
and	O
electromechanical	O
exports	O
has	O
increased	O
.	O


The	O
gross	O
industrial	O
output	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
is	O
estimated	O
to	O
reach	O
125.5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
17.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


After	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
returns	O
,	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
between	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
and	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
will	O
be	O
strengthened	O
.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
large	O
infrastructure	O
connecting	O
projects	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
channel	O
to	O
the	O
west	O
of	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
and	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
are	O
currently	O
progressing	O
smoothly	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
large	O
scale	O
infrastructure	O
projects	O
are	O
being	O
constructed	O
and	O
gradually	O
put	O
into	O
use	O
,	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
dimensional	O
traffic	O
frame	O
Zhuhai	B-GPE
built	O
for	O
cross-century	O
economic	O
development	O
has	O
begun	O
to	O
take	O
shape	O
:	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
-	O
Zhuhai	B-GPE
railway	O
has	O
comprehensively	O
started	O
work	O
,	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
expressways	O
such	O
as	O
Beijing	B-GPE
-	O
Zhuhai	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
is	O
progressing	O
with	O
much	O
fanfare	O
,	O
the	O
Zhuhai	B-GPE
airport	O
and	O
Zhuhai	B-GPE
port	O
have	O
been	O
put	O
into	O
operation	O
,	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
operations	O
is	O
great	O
,	O
and	O
yet	O
another	O
group	O
of	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
infrastructures	O
and	O
their	O
supporting	O
projects	O
are	O
quickly	O
preparing	O
for	O
construction	O
.	O


The	O
investment	O
environment	O
in	O
Zhuhai	B-GPE
is	O
improving	O
daily	O
,	O
providing	O
broad	O
areas	O
for	O
investment	O
by	O
international	O
consortia	O
.	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
consortia	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Mobil	B-ORG
,	O
Exxon	B-ORG
and	O
Amoco	B-ORG
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
Holland	B-GPE
's	O
Shell	B-ORG
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Yangu	B-ORG
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	O
Changjiang	B-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
have	O
successively	O
settled	O
in	O
Zhuhai	B-GPE
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
eleven	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Zhuhai	B-GPE
approved	O
301	B-CARDINAL
contracts	O
for	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
contract	O
investment	O
totaling	O
2.46	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
actually	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
capital	O
of	O
889	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
11.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	O
construction	O
and	O
improvement	O
of	O
its	O
modernized	O
sea	O
-	O
land	O
-	O
air	O
traffic	O
system	O
,	O
the	B-GPE
Shantou	I-GPE
special	I-GPE
zone	I-GPE
sees	O
its	O
seaport	O
and	O
airport	O
as	O
the	O
center	O
and	O
railway	O
,	O
expressway	O
and	O
cross-sea	O
bridge	O
as	O
the	O
backbone	O
,	O
making	O
its	O
location	O
advantages	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
obvious	O
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
ports	O
and	O
wharves	O
with	O
berths	O
of	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
5,000	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
will	O
reach	O
26	B-CARDINAL
,	O
of	O
which	O
8	O
will	O
have	O
berths	O
of	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
10,000	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
,	O
and	O
having	O
annual	O
integrated	O
throughput	O
capacity	O
of	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
21.12	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Shantou	B-GPE
airport	O
has	O
opened	O
44	B-CARDINAL
international	O
and	O
domestic	O
air	O
routes	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
passenger	O
throughput	O
ranks	O
11th	B-ORDINAL
in	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
civil	O
aviation	O
system	O
.	O


The	O
total	O
capacity	O
of	O
program	O
-	O
controlled	O
telephones	O
has	O
reached	O
778,100	B-CARDINAL
and	O
,	O
on	O
average	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
every	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
people	O
has	O
a	O
mobile	O
phone	O
.	O


In	O
August	B-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
foundation	O
was	O
laid	O
for	O
the	O
international	O
seabed	O
fiber	O
optic	O
cable	O
's	O
Shantou	B-GPE
landing	O
station	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
this	O
place	O
will	O
become	O
an	O
important	O
node	O
in	O
the	O
international	O
communications	O
network	O
.	O


The	O
changes	O
in	O
location	O
advantages	O
promotes	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
pattern	O
of	O
the	O
opening	O
up	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
Shantou	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
has	O
approved	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
12,522	B-CARDINAL
contracts	O
involving	O
foreign	O
capital	O
and	O
actually	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
capital	O
is	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
5.1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
capital	O
enterprises	O
,	O
4756	B-CARDINAL
have	O
started	O
production	O
and	O
operations	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
quarters	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
signed	O
148	B-CARDINAL
new	O
direct	O
investment	O
projects	O
by	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
,	O
with	O
actual	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
capital	O
reaching	O
716	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
total	O
export	O
value	O
for	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
reached	O
3.032	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
which	O
was	O
84.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
and	O
import	O
value	O
reached	O
2.18	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
which	O
was	O
30.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


After	O
Xiamen	B-GPE
's	O
port	O
became	O
a	O
direct	O
voyage	O
experimental	O
port	O
between	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
Straits	B-LOC
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
freight	O
transport	O
has	O
been	O
filled	O
with	O
new	O
vitality	O
and	O
energy	O
.	O


Taiwanese	B-NORP
big	O
shipping	O
service	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Lirong	B-GPE
,	O
Wanhai	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
successively	O
opened	O
routes	O
to	O
Xiamen	B-GPE
's	O
port	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
Xiamen	B-GPE
's	O
port	O
possesses	O
five	B-CARDINAL
main	O
lines	O
of	O
international	O
container	O
transportation	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
Singapore	B-GPE
,	O
Korea	B-GPE
,	O
U.S.	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Mediterranean	B-LOC
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
forming	O
a	O
container	O
shipping	O
system	O
combining	O
main	O
and	O
branch	O
lines	O
.	O


This	O
year	O
,	O
in	O
Xiamen	B-GPE
,	O
foreign	O
trade	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
have	O
maintained	O
a	O
stably	O
growing	O
state	O
.	O


From	O
January	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
,	O
its	O
total	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
value	O
reached	O
6.41	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
13.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
among	O
which	O
,	O
exports	O
and	O
imports	O
respectively	O
reached	O
3.52	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
and	O
2.89	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
both	O
increasing	O
by	O
13.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


It	O
is	O
estimated	O
that	O
the	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
foreign	O
trade	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
whole	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
will	O
reach	O
7.7	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
16.0	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
and	O
export	O
values	O
will	O
reach	O
4.2	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
13.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


During	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
in	O
Xiamen	B-GPE
exported	O
1.637	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
23.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
showing	O
relatively	O
strong	O
growth	O
stamina	O
.	O


Amidst	O
structural	O
adjustments	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Hainan	B-GPE
special	O
zone	O
's	O
economy	O
has	O
realized	O
steady	O
and	O
healthy	O
development	O
and	O
is	O
estimated	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
annual	O
rate	O
of	O
economic	O
increase	O
reaching	O
6.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
1.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-GPE
Hainan	I-GPE
special	I-GPE
zone	I-GPE
continues	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
structural	O
adjustment	O
to	O
vigorously	O
promote	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
this	O
new	O
industrial	O
province	O
,	O
its	O
high	O
-	O
yield	O
tropical	O
agriculture	O
base	O
and	O
island	O
tourist	O
spots	O
.	O


Its	O
economic	O
pattern	O
of	O
new	O
industries	O
has	O
shown	O
strong	O
development	O
momentum	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
estimated	O
that	O
industries	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
province	O
at	O
the	O
township	O
level	O
and	O
above	O
will	O
have	O
accumulated	O
completed	O
sales	O
values	O
of	O
23	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
16	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
overall	O
benefit	O
of	O
the	O
industrial	O
economy	O
has	O
bounced	O
back	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
industrial	O
enterprises	O
with	O
independent	O
business	O
accounts	O
have	O
increased	O
profits	O
.	O


In	O
agriculture	O
,	O
while	O
both	O
planting	O
areas	O
for	O
crops	O
have	O
stabilized	O
and	O
the	O
yield	O
per	O
unit	O
area	O
has	O
increased	O
,	O
adjustment	O
has	O
been	O
emphasized	O
and	O
the	O
economic	O
structure	O
optimized	O
.	O


Advantageous	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
tropical	O
fruits	O
,	O
melons	O
and	O
vegetables	O
,	O
husbandry	O
,	O
aquatic	O
products	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
have	O
further	O
achieved	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
yields	O
of	O
grains	O
,	O
fruits	O
,	O
melons	O
and	O
vegetables	O
,	O
and	O
rubber	O
gum	O
have	O
all	O
reached	O
or	O
surpassed	O
the	O
best	O
levels	O
in	O
history	O
.	O


Island	O
tourism	O
with	O
its	O
exceptional	O
characteristics	O
has	O
developed	O
rapidly	O
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
tourists	O
coming	O
to	O
tour	O
Qiong	B-GPE
annually	O
has	O
reached	O
7.9	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
tourism	O
income	O
was	O
5.5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
10.29	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
22nd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Tong	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON


Having	O
gone	O
through	O
the	O
deficit	O
phase	O
incurred	O
by	O
the	O
whole	O
industry	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
chemical	O
industry	O
completed	O
an	O
annual	O
gross	O
industrial	O
output	O
value	O
of	O
278	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
with	O
a	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
continuing	O
to	O
maintain	O
steady	O
growth	O
.	O


The	O
reporter	O
learned	O
from	O
the	O
conference	O
of	O
heads	O
of	O
chemical	O
industry	O
offices	O
-LRB-	O
bureaus	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
convened	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
that	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
chemical	O
industry	O
turned	O
loss	O
into	O
gain	O
in	O
June	B-GPE
and	O
that	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
estimates	O
,	O
the	O
annual	O
profit	O
and	O
tax	O
would	O
achieve	O
18	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


Among	O
provinces	O
and	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
country	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
27	B-CARDINAL
provinces	O
,	O
autonomous	O
regions	O
and	O
municipalities	O
directly	O
under	O
the	O
central	O
government	O
whose	O
chemical	O
gross	O
output	O
value	O
increased	O
somewhat	O
compared	O
with	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Xiulian	B-PERSON
Gu	I-PERSON
,	O
minister	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chemical	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
,	O
pointed	O
out	O
in	O
her	O
keynote	O
report	O
made	O
at	O
the	O
conference	O
that	O
although	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
chemical	O
industry	O
unflinchingly	O
faced	O
an	O
austere	O
situation	O
of	O
many	O
profit	O
decreasing	O
factors	O
and	O
slipping	O
benefits	O
,	O
it	O
took	O
the	O
deepening	O
of	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprise	O
reforms	O
as	O
a	O
breach	O
and	O
completed	O
the	B-DATE
whole	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
production	O
and	O
construction	O
tasks	O
relatively	O
well	O
.	O


She	O
said	O
in	O
her	O
presentation	O
that	O
the	O
whole	O
industry	O
annually	O
produced	O
27.2	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
chemical	O
fertilizers	O
,	O
among	O
which	O
carbamide	O
output	O
was	O
23	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
meeting	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
agricultural	O
development	O
relatively	O
well	O
.	O


She	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
key	O
chemical	O
projects	O
was	O
comparatively	O
quick	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
possible	O
to	O
annually	O
complete	O
an	O
investment	O
of	O
31.8	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
fixed	O
assets	O
in	O
chemicals	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
complete	O
15	B-CARDINAL
large	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
chemical	O
projects	O
to	O
put	O
into	O
production	O
.	O


She	O
believes	O
that	O
relatively	O
large	O
progress	O
had	O
been	O
made	O
in	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
chemical	O
enterprise	O
reform	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
transformation	O
into	O
the	O
joint	O
-	O
stock	O
system	O
,	O
48	B-CARDINAL
state	O
-	O
owned	O
chemical	O
enterprises	O
have	O
become	O
listed	O
companies	O
raising	O
funds	O
of	O
15	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
activated	O
reserve	O
assets	O
,	O
and	O
optimized	O
industrial	O
structure	O
.	O


She	O
especially	O
emphasized	O
the	O
further	O
expanding	O
of	O
the	O
chemical	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
trade	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
chemical	O
exports	O
hopefully	O
reaching	O
15	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
21	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
total	O
annual	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
volumes	O
could	O
reach	O
34	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
10.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


She	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
chemical	O
industry	O
's	O
1998	B-DATE
annual	O
gross	O
output	O
value	O
could	O
reach	O
300	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
continuously	O
maintaining	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
growth	O
.	O


Chemical	O
exports	O
would	O
strive	O
to	O
reach	O
16	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
with	O
a	O
chemical	O
product	O
production	O
and	O
marketing	O
rate	O
of	O
97	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
2nd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Xiquan	B-PERSON
Shen	I-PERSON
and	O
correspondent	O
Lixin	B-PERSON
Ma	I-PERSON


Exceptional	O
natural	O
port	O
advantages	O
have	O
gradually	O
formed	O
the	O
Beilun	B-GPE
port	O
in	O
Ningbo	B-GPE
's	O
large	O
industrial	O
economic	O
belt	O
,	O
which	O
ranks	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
in	O
throughput	O
among	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
ports	O
.	O


After	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
'	I-DATE
construction	O
,	O
the	O
Beilun	B-GPE
port	O
in	O
Ningbo	B-GPE
owns	O
16	B-CARDINAL
docks	O
ranging	O
from	O
25000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
to	O
250,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
,	O
making	O
it	O
the	O
largest	O
deepwater	O
berth	O
group	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
port	O
spurs	O
on	O
the	O
rural	O
economy	O
alongside	O
the	O
Beilun	B-GPE
port	O
,	O
which	O
originally	O
was	O
semi-isolated	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
sufficient	O
,	O
to	O
develop	O
into	O
East	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
heavy	O
chemical	O
industry	O
base	O
,	O
an	O
important	O
trade	O
port	O
and	O
the	O
largest	O
export	O
processing	O
zone	O
in	O
Zhejiang	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
effect	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
the	O
port	O
and	O
the	O
open	O
policies	O
of	O
Ningbo	B-GPE
development	O
zone	O
have	O
found	O
favor	O
with	O
large	O
international	O
companies	O
.	O


After	O
1993	B-DATE
,	O
large	O
projects	O
of	O
over	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increase	O
at	O
a	O
rate	O
of	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
twenties	I-CARDINAL
each	O
year	O
.	O


Large	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Xiehe	B-ORG
Petrochemical	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
with	O
a	O
total	O
investment	O
of	O
3	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
its	O
project	O
,	O
Beilun	B-ORG
Iron	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
Plant	I-ORG
with	O
a	O
total	O
investment	O
surpassing	O
20	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
"	O
Xingyang	B-ORG
Carpet	I-ORG
"	O
which	O
is	O
number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
in	O
investment	O
scale	O
of	O
this	O
trade	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
"	O
Zhengda	B-ORG
Grain	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Oil	I-ORG
"	O
which	O
is	O
largest	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
domestic	O
scale	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
Ningbo	B-ORG
Malt	I-ORG
"	O
whose	O
production	O
scale	O
is	O
the	O
largest	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
taken	O
up	O
residence	O
here	O
and	O
settled	O
on	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
Beilun	B-GPE
's	O
large	O
port	O
.	O


The	O
rise	O
of	O
Beilun	B-GPE
port	O
also	O
gives	O
impetus	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
some	O
local	O
enterprises	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Haitian	I-ORG
Machinery	I-ORG
Manufacturing	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
of	O
Ningbo	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
mill	O
not	O
worth	O
looking	O
at	O
,	O
uses	O
the	O
convenience	O
of	O
the	O
port	O
to	O
continuously	O
develop	O
new	O
export	O
products	O
to	O
enter	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
twenty	I-CARDINAL
countries	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Spain	B-GPE
,	O
Greece	B-GPE
,	O
Australia	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
an	O
especially	O
large	O
specialized	O
injection	O
machine	O
manufacturing	O
company	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
ranks	O
first	B-ORDINAL
on	O
the	O
composite	O
index	O
among	O
the	O
top	O
100	B-CARDINAL
large	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
enterprises	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Ministry	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Machine	I-ORG
Building	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
nearly	O
70	B-CARDINAL
large	O
projects	O
,	O
with	O
10	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
being	O
invested	O
in	O
each	O
,	O
have	O
already	O
spread	O
out	O
in	O
a	O
belt	O
standing	O
tall	O
with	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
100	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
along	O
the	O
20	B-QUANTITY
kilometer	I-QUANTITY
Gold	B-LOC
Coast	I-LOC
of	O
Ningbo	B-GPE
's	O
Beilun	B-GPE
district	O
,	O
forming	O
a	O
recently	O
emerging	O
large	O
industrial	O
economic	O
belt	O
with	O
leading	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
petrochemical	O
,	O
iron	O
and	O
steel	O
and	O
developing	O
subsidiary	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
electric	O
power	O
,	O
machinery	O
,	O
electronics	O
,	O
light	O
industry	O
and	O
textile	O
,	O
building	O
materials	O
,	O
plastic	O
cement	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Xi'an	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
25th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Yong	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
and	O
Zuhua	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON


the	O
'98	B-DATE
East	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
West	I-EVENT
China	I-EVENT
Cooperation	I-EVENT
,	I-EVENT
Investment	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
Trade	I-EVENT
Negotiation	I-EVENT
Conference	I-EVENT
will	O
be	O
held	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Shaanxi	I-FAC
International	I-FAC
Exhibition	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
from	O
the	O
April	B-DATE
6	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1998	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
negotiation	O
conference	O
is	O
sponsored	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
Special	I-ORG
Zone	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
and	O
provinces	O
and	O
cities	O
such	O
as	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
Anhui	B-GPE
,	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
and	O
Shaanxi	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
and	O
jointly	O
sponsored	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Information	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
organized	O
by	O
the	O
Shaanxi	B-GPE
provincial	O
government	O
.	O


Sichuan	B-GPE
province	O
and	O
Anhui	B-GPE
province	O
are	O
participating	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
time	O
Shaanxi	B-GPE
province	O
has	O
organized	O
this	O
activity	O
after	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
East	O
-	O
West	O
China	B-GPE
investment	O
and	O
trade	O
negotiation	O
conference	O
held	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
is	O
estimated	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
attending	O
the	O
conference	O
will	O
surpass	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
,	O
among	O
whom	O
about	B-CARDINAL
1000	I-CARDINAL
foreign	O
businessmen	O
and	O
representatives	O
of	O
agencies	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
were	O
invited	O
having	O
an	O
unprecedented	O
scale	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
project	O
negotiations	O
,	O
property	O
right	O
transactions	O
,	O
commodity	O
trade	O
and	O
technological	O
cooperation	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
working	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
negotiation	O
conference	O
.	O


Zhibang	B-PERSON
Jia	I-PERSON
,	O
standing	O
vice-director	O
of	O
the	O
organizing	O
committee	O
of	O
the	O
negotiation	O
conference	O
and	O
vice-governor	O
of	O
Shaanxi	B-GPE
province	O
,	O
says	O
that	O
this	O
negotiation	O
conference	O
will	O
be	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
"	O
mutual	O
benefit	O
,	O
cooperation	O
,	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
comprehensively	O
pushing	O
cooperation	O
between	O
the	O
east	O
and	O
the	O
west	O
towards	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
"	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
highlight	O
the	O
horizontal	O
links	O
and	O
co-operation	O
of	O
east	O
and	O
west	O
areas	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
content	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
carefully	O
select	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
cooperative	O
projects	O
in	O
accord	O
with	O
national	O
industry	O
policy	O
to	O
attract	O
business	O
from	O
domestic	O
and	O
overseas	O
markets	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
western	O
region	O
will	O
also	O
offer	O
its	O
advantageous	O
resources	O
to	O
attract	O
the	O
east	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
constructing	O
raw	O
material	O
bases	O
,	O
and	O
jointly	O
work	O
on	O
resources	O
development	O
,	O
deep	O
processing	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
labor	O
intensive	O
projects	O
.	O


Relevant	O
provinces	O
and	O
cities	O
will	O
also	O
use	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
enterprises	O
to	O
actively	O
promote	O
east	O
-	O
west	O
inter-provincial	O
enterprises	O
to	O
implement	O
mergers	O
,	O
affiliations	O
,	O
purchasing	O
,	O
leasing	O
and	O
holding	O
.	O


Thus	O
the	O
optimization	O
,	O
restructuring	O
and	O
expansion	O
of	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
assets	O
will	O
be	O
realized	O
to	O
a	O
larger	O
extent	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
25th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yongjian	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON


The	O
latest	O
news	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Economy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
says	O
that	O
,	O
up	O
through	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
approved	O
establishing	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
the	O
302,464	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
investment	O
enterprises	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
among	O
these	O
300,000	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
-	O
funded	O
enterprises	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
182,059	B-CARDINAL
joint	O
venture	O
managed	O
enterprises	O
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
44,094	B-CARDINAL
jointly	O
managed	O
enterprises	O
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
about	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
and	O
76,161	B-CARDINAL
enterprises	O
solely	O
owned	O
by	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
about	O
25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
preliminarily	O
formed	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
methods	O
to	O
utilize	O
foreign	O
investment	O
and	O
the	O
capital	O
came	O
from	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
170	I-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
September	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
sorted	O
by	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
actually	O
utilized	O
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
ten	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
that	O
invest	O
the	O
most	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
successively	O
are	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Singapore	B-GPE
,	O
Korea	B-GPE
,	O
UK	B-GPE
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
,	O
Virgin	B-GPE
Islands	I-GPE
and	O
France	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
investment	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
by	O
these	O
first	B-ORDINAL
ten	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
accounts	O
for	O
over	B-PERCENT
91	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
foreign	O
investment	O
amount	O
actually	O
utilized	O
.	O


Asian	B-NORP
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
are	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
main	O
sources	O
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
,	O
coming	O
from	O
such	O
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
as	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
Korea	B-GPE
and	O
ASEAN	B-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
investment	O
value	O
accounting	O
for	O
over	B-PERCENT
85	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
foreign	O
capital	O
actually	O
utilized	O
.	O


Among	O
these	O
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
is	O
still	O
the	O
main	O
source	O
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
absorbed	O
by	O
the	O
inland	O
,	O
and	O
accounts	O
for	O
over	B-PERCENT
55	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
foreign	O
investment	O
actually	O
absorbed	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
25	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Rongdian	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	B-ORG
EU	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
passed	O
the	O
"	O
The	O
EU	B-ORG
's	O
New	O
Strategy	O
Towards	O
China	B-GPE
"	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
emphasizing	O
the	O
totality	O
,	O
independence	O
and	O
long	O
term	O
natue	O
of	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
's	O
policy	O
towards	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
expressing	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
further	O
promote	O
bilateral	O
exchange	O
and	O
co-operation	O
in	O
the	O
fields	O
of	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
,	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
development	O
aid	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Recently	O
,	O
when	O
this	O
reporter	O
was	O
here	O
interviewing	O
ambassador	O
Genshen	B-PERSON
Wei	I-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
's	O
European	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
's	O
delegation	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
asking	O
him	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
bilateral	O
results	O
of	O
co-operation	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
without	O
hesitation	O
:	O
"	O
In	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
and	O
China	B-GPE
made	O
marked	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
political	O
relationship	O
,	O
trade	O
relationship	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
co-operation	O
in	O
aspects	O
such	O
as	O
investment	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
facts	O
this	O
ambassador	O
cited	O
to	O
support	O
his	O
conclusion	O
are	O
convincing	O
:	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
and	O
China	B-GPE
have	O
had	O
more	O
frequent	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
ranking	O
exchange	O
visits	O
than	O
ever	O
;	O
in	O
international	O
affairs	O
,	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
and	O
China	B-GPE
have	O
carried	O
out	O
very	O
good	O
co-operation	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
played	O
a	O
very	O
active	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Euro	I-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Asia	I-EVENT
Conference	I-EVENT
.	O


The	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
countries	O
are	O
looking	O
forward	O
to	O
meeting	O
with	O
Chinese	B-NORP
leaders	O
at	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
Euro	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Asia	I-EVENT
Conference	I-EVENT
to	O
be	O
held	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
in	O
April	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


On	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
entering	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
and	O
China	B-GPE
have	O
conducted	O
frequent	O
and	O
positive	O
talks	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
made	O
great	O
progress	O
.	O


During	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
October	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Sir	O
Britan	B-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
EU	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
also	O
conducted	O
highly	O
productive	O
talks	O
with	O
Yi	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
,	O
minister	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Ministry	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Economy	I-ORG
,	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
entering	O
the	O
WTO	B-ORG
.	O


Both	O
parties	O
have	O
reached	O
agreement	O
upon	O
some	O
matters	O
of	O
principle	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
negotiations	O
between	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
and	O
China	B-GPE
regarding	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
entering	O
the	O
WTO	B-ORG
have	O
entered	O
an	O
important	O
stage	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
parties	O
are	O
actively	O
conducting	O
talks	O
on	O
this	O
matter	O
.	O


Trade	O
between	O
Europe	B-LOC
-LRB-	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
and	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
increasing	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
's	O
actual	O
investment	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
also	O
maintaining	O
growing	O
momentum	O
.	O


The	O
EU	B-ORG
committee	O
recently	O
decided	O
to	O
propose	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
EU	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Ministers	I-ORG
to	O
exclude	O
China	B-GPE
from	O
the	O
past	O
"	O
non-market	O
economy	O
countries	O
"	O
list	O
.	O


This	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
has	O
realized	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
is	O
developing	O
towards	O
a	O
market	O
economy	O
.	O


The	O
EU	B-ORG
is	O
still	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
best	O
suppliers	O
providing	O
China	B-GPE
with	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
.	O


In	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
assistance	O
funds	O
provided	O
by	O
EU	B-ORG
co-operation	O
projects	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
exceeded	O
65	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
ECU	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
1	B-MONEY
ECU	I-MONEY
approximately	O
equals	O
1.2	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
,	O
being	O
triple	O
that	O
of	O
1994	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
ambassador	O
told	O
this	O
reporter	O
that	O
currently	O
there	O
are	O
30	B-CARDINAL
co-operation	O
projects	O
in	O
progress	O
between	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
and	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
both	O
parties	O
have	O
also	O
signed	O
agreements	O
on	O
many	O
new	O
projects	O
.	O


He	O
revealed	O
that	O
funds	O
planned	O
to	O
be	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
for	O
co-operation	O
projects	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
1998	B-DATE
will	O
maintain	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
levels	O
.	O


Referring	O
to	O
coming	O
years	O
'	O
prospects	O
of	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
Europe	B-LOC
-LRB-	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
and	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
ambassador	O
Genshen	B-PERSON
Wei	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
many	O
European	B-NORP
high	O
-	O
ranking	O
officials	O
will	O
visit	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
predicts	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
political	O
relationship	O
between	O
Europe	B-LOC
-LRB-	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
and	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
further	O
strengthened	O
,	O
trade	O
and	O
investment	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
grow	O
,	O
and	O
further	O
progress	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
in	O
bilateral	O
negotiations	O
regarding	O
China	B-GPE
entering	O
the	O
WTO	B-ORG
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
25th	I-DATE


China	B-GPE
's	O
State	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
recently	O
appointed	O
and	O
dismissed	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
national	O
staff	O
.	O


Guangqian	B-PERSON
Dai	I-PERSON
was	O
appointed	O
as	O
vice	O
minister	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Personnel	I-ORG
,	O
Jun	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
as	O
vice	O
minister	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Coal	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
,	O
Haitao	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
as	O
vice	O
minister	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Films	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
Programs	I-ORG
,	O
Jiliang	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON
as	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
,	O
Geng	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
as	O
vice	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Natural	I-ORG
Gas	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	O
Yongqiu	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
as	O
consul	O
general	O
-LRB-	O
with	O
the	O
rank	O
of	O
ambassador	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
,	O
Shuzhen	B-PERSON
Huo	I-PERSON
as	O
consul	O
general	O
in	O
Sao	B-GPE
Paulo	I-GPE
,	O
Qi	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
as	O
consul	O
general	O
in	O
Fukuoka	B-GPE
,	O
Qiguang	B-PERSON
An	I-PERSON
as	O
consul	O
general	O
in	O
Karachi	B-GPE
,	O
Zhiguo	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
as	O
consul	O
general	O
in	O
Dubai	B-GPE
,	O
Junxiu	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
as	O
consul	O
general	O
in	O
Barcelona	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Gewu	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
as	O
consul	O
general	O
in	O
Tijuana	B-GPE
.	O


Xiaosong	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
post	O
as	O
vice	O
director	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
Fusen	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
post	O
as	O
vice	O
minister	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
,	O
Bolin	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
post	O
as	O
vice	O
minister	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Personnel	I-ORG
,	O
Hongjiu	B-PERSON
Pu	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
post	O
as	O
vice	O
minister	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Coal	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
,	O
Xiliang	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
,	O
Dongcai	B-PERSON
He	I-PERSON
and	O
Weiguang	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
's	O
posts	O
as	O
vice	O
ministers	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Broadcasting	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Films	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
TV	I-ORG
Programs	I-ORG
,	O
Zanzhong	B-PERSON
Xia	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
post	O
as	O
vice	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Xinhua	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Yizhong	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
post	O
as	O
vice	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Petrochemical	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	O
Hong	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
post	O
as	O
vice	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Natural	I-ORG
Gas	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	O
Zengshou	B-PERSON
Song	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
post	O
as	O
consul	O
general	O
-LRB-	O
with	O
the	O
rank	O
of	O
ambassador	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
,	O
Qiping	B-PERSON
Liao	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
post	O
as	O
consul	O
general	O
in	O
Sao	B-GPE
Paulo	I-GPE
,	O
Congyong	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
post	O
as	O
consul	O
general	O
in	O
Fukuoka	B-GPE
,	O
Xiucai	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
post	O
as	O
consul	O
general	O
in	O
Karachi	B-GPE
,	O
Zhaoxiang	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
post	O
as	O
consul	O
general	O
in	O
Dubai	B-GPE
,	O
Changcai	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
post	O
as	O
consul	O
general	O
in	O
Barcelona	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Guoyan	B-PERSON
Mai	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
post	O
as	O
consul	O
general	O
in	O
Tijuana	B-GPE
,	O
were	O
dismissed	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
26th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Genliang	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON


The	B-ORG
Import	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
signed	O
"	O
an	O
agreement	O
of	O
export	O
seller	O
's	O
credit	O
consigning	O
agency	O
"	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
mutually	O
beneficial	O
and	O
mutually	O
complementary	O
cooperation	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
banks	O
has	O
entered	O
now	O
into	O
a	O
new	O
stage	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Import	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
policy	O
bank	O
established	O
in	O
1994	B-DATE
.	O


Its	O
main	O
task	O
is	O
to	O
provide	O
policy	O
financial	O
support	O
for	O
capital	O
export	O
goods	O
such	O
as	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
mechanical	O
and	O
electrical	O
products	O
,	O
complete	O
sets	O
of	O
equipment	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
large	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
commercial	O
banks	O
,	O
is	O
also	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
main	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
bank	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
relatively	O
well	O
-	O
developed	O
network	O
of	O
branch	O
organizations	O
here	O
and	O
overseas	O
.	O


Mechanical	O
and	O
electrical	O
product	O
export	O
enterprises	O
are	O
distributed	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
Import	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
branch	O
organizations	O
in	O
various	O
regions	O
is	O
limited	O
and	O
,	O
additionally	O
,	O
these	O
branches	O
lack	O
services	O
such	O
as	O
settlements	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
certain	O
extent	O
,	O
affected	O
and	O
restricted	O
the	O
bank	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
providing	O
enterprises	O
with	O
quality	O
and	O
high	O
efficiency	O
service	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
created	O
problems	O
for	O
policy	O
banks	O
strengthening	O
credit	O
asset	O
management	O
.	O


Making	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
network	O
of	O
operating	O
branch	O
organizations	O
and	O
the	O
dominance	O
of	O
a	O
commercial	O
bank	O
distributed	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
and	O
entrusting	O
policy	O
financial	O
business	O
to	O
a	O
commercial	O
bank	O
to	O
act	O
for	O
it	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
efficient	O
way	O
to	O
alleviate	O
the	O
above	O
mentioned	O
problems	O
.	O


In	O
view	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Import	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
,	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
its	O
establishment	O
,	O
started	O
cooperation	O
with	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
commercial	O
banks	O
,	O
and	O
initially	O
signed	O
an	O
"	O
trust	O
agency	O
agreement	O
"	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
trust	O
agency	O
business	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
banks	O
has	O
been	O
smooth	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
export	O
seller	O
's	O
credit	O
loan	O
of	O
32.6	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
that	O
the	B-ORG
Import	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
accumulatively	O
provided	O
for	O
export	O
enterprises	O
,	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
70	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
loan	O
is	O
allocated	O
to	O
enterprises	O
by	O
the	O
head	O
branch	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
and	O
other	O
branch	O
organizations	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
eleven	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
alone	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Import	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
signed	O
24	B-CARDINAL
trust	O
agency	O
agreements	O
with	O
17	B-CARDINAL
branches	O
of	O
the	O
Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
system	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
agreement	O
value	O
reaching	O
1.4	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
.	O


At	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
signing	O
ceremony	O
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
banks	O
'	O
directors	O
jointly	O
expressed	O
that	O
the	O
improvement	O
and	O
renewal	O
of	O
the	O
trust	O
agency	O
agreements	O
would	O
further	O
promote	O
the	O
contact	O
and	O
cooperation	O
between	O
policy	O
banks	O
and	O
commercial	O
banks	O
and	O
is	O
beneficial	O
for	O
bringing	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
each	O
bank	O
into	O
full	O
play	O
and	O
jointly	O
promoting	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
trade	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
export	O
of	O
mechanical	O
and	O
electrical	O
products	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Import	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
will	O
also	O
soon	O
successively	O
sign	O
similar	O
trust	O
agency	O
agreements	O
with	O
other	O
commercial	O
banks	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
three	B-ORG
gorges	I-ORG
construction	O
site	O
,	O
December	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Shuchu	B-PERSON
Pi	I-PERSON
and	O
correspondent	O
Zhongxiang	B-PERSON
Liao	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
insurance	O
contract	O
for	O
the	O
flood	O
discharge	O
dam	O
and	O
its	O
related	O
projects	O
-	O
the	O
largest	O
bid	O
of	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
project	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
over	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
-	O
was	O
signed	O
today	B-DATE
by	O
the	B-ORG
Yangtze	I-ORG
River	I-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Property	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
PICC	I-ORG
at	O
the	O
construction	O
site	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
insurance	O
coverage	O
reaches	O
4.02	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
the	O
largest	O
insurance	O
contract	O
for	O
a	O
hydroelectric	O
architecture	O
installation	O
project	O
of	O
water	O
conservancy	O
in	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
insurance	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
the	O
main	O
insurance	O
contractor	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Property	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
PICC	I-ORG
links	O
its	O
own	O
development	O
with	O
risk	O
management	O
needs	O
of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
gorges	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
formed	O
a	O
professional	O
organization	O
serving	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
,	O
while	O
adopting	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
ways	O
to	O
serve	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
.	O


Up	O
to	O
now	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Property	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
PICC	I-ORG
has	O
already	O
provided	O
insurance	O
services	O
for	O
134	O
engineering	O
projects	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
in	O
which	O
nearly	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
was	O
invested	O
and	O
has	O
contracted	O
such	O
large	O
projects	O
as	O
the	B-FAC
Yangtze	I-FAC
River	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
at	O
Xiling	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
permanent	O
ship	O
lock	O
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
earth	O
and	O
stone	O
cofferdam	O
and	O
diversion	O
channel	O
,	O
the	O
special	O
external	O
highway	O
,	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
cofferdam	O
,	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
flood	O
discharge	O
dam	O
and	O
water	O
retaining	O
dam	O
,	O
etc.	O
while	O
timely	O
providing	O
compensation	O
for	O
the	O
disastrous	O
accidents	O
that	O
occur	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
project	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
mainly	O
includes	O
bids	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
flood	O
discharge	O
dam	O
,	O
the	O
factory	O
protection	O
dam	O
and	O
the	O
factory	O
buildings	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


While	O
actively	O
performing	O
risk	O
prevention	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
also	O
greatly	O
emphasizes	O
to	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
insurance	O
companies	O
in	O
mitigating	O
risks	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
insurance	O
agreement	O
signed	O
today	B-DATE
for	O
the	O
flood	O
discharge	O
dam	O
and	O
related	O
projects	O
,	O
if	O
economic	O
losses	O
occur	O
in	O
the	O
projects	O
due	O
to	O
natural	O
disasters	O
or	O
accidents	O
within	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
insurance	O
responsibility	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Property	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
would	O
provide	O
compensation	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
regulations	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
27th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jianming	B-PERSON
Ding	I-PERSON


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
enterprises	O
in	O
arrears	O
on	O
national	O
industrial	O
and	O
commercial	O
taxes	O
has	O
steadily	O
increased	O
,	O
directly	O
jeopardizing	O
the	O
balance	O
of	O
national	O
finances	O
.	O


Regarding	O
this	O
,	O
Renfa	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
,	O
vice-Director	O
of	O
the	O
State	B-ORG
's	O
General	B-ORG
Taxation	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
,	O
when	O
being	O
interviewed	O
reporters	O
,	O
stressed	O
that	O
by	O
law	O
,	O
paying	O
taxes	O
is	O
the	O
duty	O
that	O
every	O
taxpayer	O
should	O
perform	O
.	O


For	O
those	O
enterprises	O
that	O
,	O
without	O
any	O
legitimate	O
reason	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
in	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
arrears	O
in	O
national	O
tax	O
payments	O
,	O
the	O
tax	O
department	O
will	O
,	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
relevant	O
regulations	O
in	O
the	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
tax	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
management	I-LAW
laws	I-LAW
"	I-LAW
,	O
adopt	O
taxation	O
preservation	O
measures	O
against	O
them	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
taxpayers	O
in	O
tax	O
arrears	O
will	O
be	O
prohibited	O
from	O
leaving	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Renfa	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
,	O
through	O
the	O
efforts	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
tax	O
system	O
's	O
800,000	B-CARDINAL
cadres	O
,	O
the	O
tasks	O
of	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
national	O
industrial	O
and	O
commercial	O
tax	O
revenue	O
were	O
fulfilled	O
above	O
quota	O
and	O
11	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
ahead	O
of	O
schedule	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
overall	O
situation	O
is	O
good	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
situation	O
of	O
enterprises	O
in	O
tax	O
arrears	O
is	O
relatively	O
serious	O
,	O
especially	O
outstanding	O
is	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
enterprises	O
in	O
arrears	O
on	O
the	O
"	O
two	B-CARDINAL
taxes	O
"	O
,	O
the	O
value	O
-	O
added	O
tax	O
and	O
the	O
consumption	O
tax	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
severely	O
affected	O
the	O
fulfillment	O
of	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
"	O
two	B-CARDINAL
taxes	O
"	O
task	O
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
,	O
industrial	O
and	O
commercial	O
taxes	O
in	O
arrears	O
by	O
enterprises	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
country	O
were	O
totally	O
reached	O
41.9	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
among	O
which	O
value	O
-	O
added	O
taxes	O
and	O
consumption	O
taxes	O
in	O
arrears	O
reached	O
30.7	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


Renfa	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
demanded	O
all	O
tax	O
department	O
levels	O
to	O
strictly	O
implement	O
relevant	O
regulations	O
of	O
the	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
People	I-LAW
's	I-LAW
Republic	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
China	I-LAW
Taxation	I-LAW
Collection	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
Management	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
"	I-LAW
,	O
and	O
uniformly	O
impose	O
fines	O
on	O
enterprises	O
owing	O
taxes	O
.	O


Enterprises	O
having	O
special	O
difficulties	O
and	O
needing	O
to	O
postpone	O
tax	O
payments	O
must	O
be	O
strictly	O
examined	O
and	O
approved	O
according	O
to	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
upon	O
expiration	O
of	O
the	O
deferment	O
period	O
,	O
taxes	O
must	O
be	O
paid	O
and	O
submitted	O
.	O


To	O
postpone	O
national	O
taxes	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
term	O
on	O
the	O
pretext	O
of	O
difficulties	O
is	O
absolutely	O
forbidden	O
.	O


Work	O
such	O
as	O
clearing	O
up	O
overdue	O
taxes	O
and	O
tax	O
revenue	O
return	O
,	O
export	O
tax	O
rebates	O
,	O
deductions	O
on	O
taxes	O
imposed	O
on	O
beginning	O
inventories	O
,	O
etc.	O
should	O
be	O
closely	O
integrated	O
.	O


Renfa	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
specially	O
stressed	O
that	O
,	O
to	O
guarantee	O
the	O
seriousness	O
of	O
the	O
tax	O
laws	O
,	O
for	O
enterprises	O
with	O
taxes	O
in	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
arrears	O
,	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
"	O
Collection	B-LAW
and	I-LAW
Management	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
"	O
stipulations	O
,	O
enterprise	O
leaders	O
would	O
be	O
prohibited	O
from	O
leaving	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
tax	O
preservation	O
measures	O
should	O
be	O
adopted	O
;	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
notifying	O
banks	O
that	O
the	O
enterprises	O
have	O
opened	O
accounts	O
with	O
or	O
other	O
financial	O
institutions	O
to	O
temporarily	O
stop	O
paying	O
deposits	O
equivalent	O
in	O
amount	O
to	O
owed	O
taxes	O
.	O


For	O
taxpayers	O
who	O
,	O
without	O
legitimate	O
reason	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
in	O
arrears	O
in	O
tax	O
payments	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
measures	O
should	O
be	O
adopted	O
for	O
them	O
,	O
to	O
temporarily	O
detain	O
or	O
seal	O
up	O
their	O
commodities	O
and	O
properties	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
deadline	O
has	O
passed	O
,	O
taxes	O
have	O
still	O
not	O
been	O
submitted	O
,	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
auctioned	O
off	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
27th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Zhimin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON


According	O
to	O
results	O
stated	O
in	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
assessment	O
of	O
national	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
advancement	O
through	O
statistical	O
monitoring	O
recently	O
published	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
overall	O
strength	O
of	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
's	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
stands	O
at	O
third	B-ORDINAL
place	O
in	O
the	O
nation	O
,	O
behind	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
and	O
Beijing	B-GPE
.	O


Its	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
output	O
index	O
stands	O
at	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
in	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
quantity	O
of	O
patent	O
applications	O
in	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
continues	O
to	O
rank	O
at	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
all	O
provinces	O
and	O
cities	O
in	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O


Since	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
'90's	I-DATE
,	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
has	O
made	O
relying	O
on	O
progress	O
in	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
an	O
important	O
measure	O
promoting	O
the	O
economic	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
.	O


For	O
that	O
purpose	O
,	O
it	O
successively	O
drafted	O
and	O
issued	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
40	I-CARDINAL
local	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
policies	O
,	O
rules	O
and	O
regulations	O
,	O
etc.	O
safeguarding	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
development	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
all	O
has	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
comparatively	O
complete	O
management	O
methods	O
in	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
planning	O
and	O
project	O
management	O
,	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
conditions	O
and	O
fund	O
management	O
,	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
achievements	O
and	O
award	O
management	O
,	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
institutions	O
and	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
staff	O
management	O
,	O
technology	O
market	O
and	O
patent	O
management	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Various	O
levels	O
of	O
government	O
in	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
have	O
continuously	O
strengthened	O
investments	O
in	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
preliminarily	O
established	O
a	O
new	O
system	O
for	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
investment	O
that	O
is	O
multi-level	O
,	O
multi-channel	O
.	O


Guangdong	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
has	O
established	O
a	O
natural	O
science	O
fund	O
of	O
over	O
100	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
per	O
year	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
province	O
level	O
funds	O
for	O
use	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
such	O
as	O
new	O
product	O
development	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
growing	O
at	O
a	O
rate	O
of	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
per	O
year	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
provincial	O
financial	O
revenue	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
this	O
province	O
has	O
also	O
established	O
investment	O
funds	O
for	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
ventures	O
in	O
achievement	O
transformation	O
,	O
investment	O
funds	O
for	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
undertakings	O
,	O
and	O
funds	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
industries	O
.	O


Some	O
cities	O
and	O
counties	O
have	O
also	O
established	O
funds	O
for	O
development	O
in	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


The	O
investment	O
of	O
these	O
funds	O
and	O
investment	O
funds	O
has	O
powerfully	O
supported	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
key	O
provincial	O
laboratories	O
and	O
various	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
centers	O
for	O
engineering	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
promoted	O
the	O
industrialization	O
of	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
achievements	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
has	O
used	O
the	B-LOC
Zhujiang	I-LOC
Delta	I-LOC
as	O
a	O
leader	O
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
fields	O
such	O
as	O
electronic	O
information	O
,	O
biotechnology	O
,	O
new	O
materials	O
,	O
electromechanical	O
integration	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
and	O
vigorously	O
promoted	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
industries	O
.	O


These	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
has	O
implemented	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
784	B-CARDINAL
Torch	B-ORG
Program	I-ORG
projects	O
and	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
enterprises	O
confirmed	O
by	O
the	O
province	O
has	O
reached	O
569	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Among	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
and	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
groups	O
of	O
key	O
national	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
enterprises	O
announced	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
accounts	O
for	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
has	O
established	O
6	B-CARDINAL
national	O
-	O
level	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
industry	O
development	O
areas	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
Zhongshan	B-GPE
,	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
and	O
3	B-CARDINAL
provincial	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
areas	O
.	O


Enterprises	O
entering	O
these	O
areas	O
have	O
reached	O
2,580	B-CARDINAL
,	O
among	O
which	O
are	O
315	B-CARDINAL
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
enterprises	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
,	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
gross	O
revenue	O
from	O
technology	O
,	O
industry	O
and	O
trade	O
from	O
provincial	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
development	O
areas	O
and	O
completed	O
gross	O
industrial	O
output	O
both	O
have	O
large	O
margin	O
increases	O
compared	O
with	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
27th	I-DATE


The	O
reporter	O
learned	O
from	O
Tianjin	B-ORG
Customs	I-ORG
that	O
recently	O
,	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
-	O
funded	O
enterprises	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
GE	O
Semiconductors	B-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
passed	O
the	O
inspection	O
of	O
Tianjin	B-ORG
Customs	I-ORG
and	O
became	O
bonded	O
factories	O
that	O
enjoy	O
preferential	O
policies	O
.	O


As	O
of	O
now	O
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
economic	O
and	O
technological	O
development	O
zone	O
has	O
99	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
-	O
funded	O
enterprises	O
that	O
have	O
become	O
bonded	O
factories	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Tianjin	B-ORG
Customs	I-ORG
has	O
actively	O
joined	O
tracks	O
with	O
international	O
conventions	O
,	O
and	O
vigorously	O
popularized	O
the	O
bonded	O
project	O
system	O
by	O
strengthening	O
its	O
macroscopic	O
management	O
of	O
enterprises	O
,	O
optimizing	O
the	O
environment	O
of	O
going	O
through	O
the	O
Customs	B-ORG
and	O
promoting	O
enterprises	O
to	O
improve	O
trading	O
efficiency	O
.	O


The	O
economic	O
and	O
technological	O
development	O
zone	O
is	O
the	O
new	O
economic	O
growth	O
spot	O
of	O
the	O
local	O
area	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
accelerating	O
its	O
processing	O
trade	O
development	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
220	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
-	O
funded	O
enterprises	O
engaged	O
in	O
processing	O
trade	O
,	O
and	O
bonded	O
factories	O
account	O
for	O
41	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
enterprises	O
.	O


A	O
system	O
of	O
bonded	O
factories	O
involving	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
electronics	O
,	O
chemistry	O
,	O
textile	O
,	O
communication	O
,	O
automotive	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
has	O
gradually	O
come	O
into	O
being	O
,	O
and	O
Motorola	B-ORG
,	O
Samsung	B-ORG
,	O
Yamaha	B-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
are	O
all	O
members	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
officials	O
of	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
's	O
development	O
zone	O
Customs	B-ORG
,	O
bonded	O
factories	O
have	O
cut	O
down	O
trade	O
costs	O
and	O
improved	O
trade	O
benefits	O
.	O


After	O
GE	B-ORG
Semiconductors	I-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
became	O
a	O
bonded	O
factory	O
,	O
its	O
circulation	O
capital	O
decreased	O
daily	O
by	O
500,000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
they	O
will	O
add	O
90	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
to	O
their	O
investment	O
,	O
by	O
then	O
,	O
the	O
estimated	O
annual	O
production	O
value	O
could	O
reach	O
300	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
27	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Kangxiong	B-PERSON
Luo	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
lawsuit	O
by	O
Chinese	B-NORP
enterprises	O
suing	O
the	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
to	O
compensate	O
,	O
after	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
tough	O
litigation	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Duan	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Duan	I-ORG
Law	I-ORG
Firm	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
has	O
reached	O
a	O
mediated	O
settlement	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
Federal	B-ORG
District	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
Mexico	I-ORG
.	O


The	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
will	O
totally	O
compensate	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Chinese	B-NORP
enterprises	O
for	O
1.850	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
enterprises	O
receiving	O
indemnification	O
are	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Household	I-ORG
Textile	I-ORG
Import	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-ORG
Rongheng	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Import	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Jiaxing	I-ORG
Tianfa	I-ORG
Silk	I-ORG
Import	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Zhejiang	I-ORG
Province	I-ORG
.	O


The	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Household	I-ORG
Textile	I-ORG
Import	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
established	O
trade	O
relations	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Commercial	I-ORG
Resources	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	O
New	B-GPE
Mexico	I-GPE
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
beginning	O
in	O
1993	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
both	O
parties	O
agree	O
to	O
adopt	O
the	O
bank	O
trust	O
method	O
to	O
pay	O
and	O
accept	O
commercial	O
notes	O
,	O
but	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
America	I-ORG
has	O
been	O
privately	O
and	O
directly	O
delivering	O
express	O
mail	O
sent	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
including	O
commercial	O
notes	O
such	O
as	O
bills	O
of	O
lading	O
,	O
etc.	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
CR	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
free	O
of	O
charge	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
CR	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
after	O
collecting	O
goods	O
with	O
bills	O
of	O
lading	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
delaying	O
making	O
payments	O
or	O
not	O
paying	O
and	O
has	O
defaulted	O
on	O
payments	O
reaching	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
1.850	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
as	O
payment	O
for	O
goods	O
.	O


In	O
April	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
CR	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
began	O
bankruptcy	O
procedures	O
and	O
the	O
debt	O
compensation	O
rate	O
of	O
all	O
its	O
assets	O
was	O
only	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Rongheng	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Import	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Jiaxing	I-ORG
Tianfa	I-ORG
Silk	I-ORG
Import	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Zhejiang	I-ORG
Province	I-ORG
had	O
situations	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
above	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
engaged	O
the	B-ORG
Duan	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Duan	I-ORG
Law	I-ORG
Firm	I-ORG
and	O
authorized	O
handling	O
of	O
such	O
legal	O
affairs	O
as	O
litigation	O
and	O
claims	O
for	O
indemnification	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
etc	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
preparation	O
period	O
Qihua	B-PERSON
Duan	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
lawyer	O
living	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
with	O
a	B-WORK_OF_ART
Master	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
degree	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
and	O
a	O
local	O
lawyer	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
Mexico	I-GPE
formally	O
submitted	O
a	O
plaint	O
indicting	O
the	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
New	B-GPE
Mexico	I-GPE
Federal	B-ORG
District	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
.	O


During	O
the	O
court	O
trial	O
,	O
the	O
opposing	O
counsel	O
actually	O
denied	O
facts	O
that	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
collecting	O
bank	O
's	O
delivered	O
collection	O
documents	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
,	O
counsel	O
Qihuan	B-PERSON
Duan	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
colleagues	O
again	O
conducted	O
difficult	O
investigations	O
and	O
evidence	O
collections	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
obtained	O
the	O
express	O
mail	O
documents	O
delivery	O
numbers	O
and	O
the	O
evidence	O
that	O
First	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
signed	O
and	O
received	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
September	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
Federal	B-ORG
District	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
of	O
New	B-GPE
Mexico	I-GPE
reached	O
a	O
verdict	O
:	O


in	O
the	O
claim	O
lodged	O
by	O
the	O
plaintiff	O
,	O
the	O
facts	O
are	O
clear	O
and	O
the	O
evidence	O
plentiful	O
;	O
the	O
defendant	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
had	O
obviously	O
violated	O
Chapter	B-LAW
Four	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
US	I-LAW
Commercial	I-LAW
Code	I-LAW
of	O
and	O
Article	B-LAW
No.	I-LAW
322	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
International	I-LAW
Chamber	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Commerce	I-LAW
.	O


The	O
court	O
ruled	O
that	O
the	O
bank	O
should	O
take	O
full	O
liability	O
for	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
31	B-CARDINAL
collection	O
notes	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Household	I-ORG
Textile	I-ORG
Import	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
compensating	O
1.850	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
parties	O
finally	O
reached	O
a	O
settlement	O
of	O
1.7	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
defendant	O
also	O
reached	O
a	O
mediated	O
settlement	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Rongheng	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Import	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Jiaxing	I-ORG
Tianfa	I-ORG
Silk	I-ORG
Import	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Zhejiang	I-ORG
Province	I-ORG
for	O
a	O
claim	O
sum	O
of	O
155,000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Recently	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Duan	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Duan	I-ORG
Law	I-ORG
Firm	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
remitted	O
the	O
claims	O
,	O
totaling	O
1.850	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
to	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
enterprises	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
learned	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Duan	I-ORG
&	I-ORG
Duan	I-ORG
Law	I-ORG
Firm	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
was	O
founded	O
in	O
1993	B-DATE
by	O
Qihua	B-PERSON
Duan	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
lawyer	O
who	O
returned	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
with	O
a	O
US	B-GPE
Master	B-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
degree	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
this	O
law	O
firm	O
has	O
internationally	O
won	O
more	O
than	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
-	O
related	O
economic	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
recovered	O
claims	O
of	O
nearly	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
for	O
domestic	O
enterprises	O
and	O
citizens	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
28th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Futian	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economically	O
strong	O
province	O
,	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
has	O
further	O
expanded	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
and	O
vigorously	O
improved	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
its	O
open	O
economy	O
having	O
realized	O
overall	O
rapid	O
development	O
.	O


Its	O
foreign	O
trade	O
,	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
investment	O
,	O
and	O
foreign	O
economic	O
and	O
technological	O
cooperation	O
have	O
all	O
shown	O
substantial	O
growth	O
.	O


Jiangsu	B-GPE
is	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
third	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
foreign	O
trade	O
port	O
,	O
with	O
foreign	O
trade	O
increasing	O
rapidly	O
by	O
double	O
digits	O
successively	O
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
values	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
broke	O
through	O
20	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
reaching	O
20.212	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
including	O
exports	O
accounting	O
for	O
13.96	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
increasing	O
respectively	O
by	O
21.93	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
17.95	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
in	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
making	O
great	O
efforts	O
to	O
further	O
improve	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
and	O
has	O
achieved	O
significant	O
progress	O
and	O
strengthened	O
its	O
appeal	O
for	O
foreign	O
investment	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
through	O
multiple	O
channels	O
such	O
as	O
government	O
investing	O
,	O
attracting	O
foreign	O
investment	O
and	O
civil	O
fund	O
raising	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
has	O
raised	O
funds	O
and	O
invested	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
80	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	O
such	O
infrastructure	O
fields	O
as	O
energy	O
,	O
transportation	O
and	O
telecommunications	O
,	O
etc.	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
completion	O
of	O
a	O
great	O
number	O
of	O
energy	O
,	O
transportation	O
and	O
communication	O
facilities	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
completion	O
and	O
opening	O
of	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
's	O
Lukou	B-FAC
International	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
,	O
Xuzhou	B-GPE
's	O
Guanyin	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
,	O
Nantong	B-GPE
's	O
Xingdong	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
-	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
expressway	O
and	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
class	O
highways	O
such	O
as	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
-	O
Nantong	B-GPE
,	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
-	O
Lianyugang	B-GPE
,	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
-	O
Xuzhou	B-GPE
,	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
-	O
Yancheng	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
has	O
formed	O
a	O
modern	O
sea	O
,	O
land	O
and	O
air	O
transportation	O
network	O
with	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
as	O
the	O
center	O
.	O


The	O
further	O
improvement	O
of	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
constantly	O
strengthens	O
investment	O
confidence	O
in	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
for	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
and	O
the	O
investment	O
scale	O
is	O
continually	O
expanding	O
.	O


From	O
January	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
had	O
1819	B-CARDINAL
recently	O
approved	O
direct	O
investment	O
projects	O
by	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
,	O
and	O
negotiated	O
foreign	O
investment	O
was	O
7.694	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
the	O
scale	O
of	O
which	O
ranked	O
highest	O
in	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
international	O
multi-national	O
companies	O
have	O
continued	O
to	O
jump	O
at	O
investing	O
.	O


Large	O
projects	O
with	O
investments	O
of	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
were	O
213	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
negotiated	O
foreign	O
investment	O
was	O
5.934	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
respectively	O
for	O
12.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
82.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
gross	O
amount	O
.	O


Foreign	O
businessmen	O
have	O
successively	O
been	O
adding	O
to	O
investments	O
,	O
especially	O
those	O
already	O
completed	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
statistics	O
of	O
234	B-CARDINAL
projects	O
alone	O
,	O
contracted	O
foreign	O
capital	O
increases	O
have	O
reached	O
1.234	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
26	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
119	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
respectively	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
having	O
the	O
best	O
situation	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
eleven	B-CARDINAL
national	O
-	O
level	O
development	O
zones	O
jointly	O
developed	O
by	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Singapore	B-GPE
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-GPE
Suzhou	I-GPE
Industrial	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
,	O
the	B-GPE
Kunshan	I-GPE
Economic	I-GPE
and	I-GPE
Technological	I-GPE
Development	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	B-GPE
Zhangjiagang	I-GPE
Tariff	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
free	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
always	O
been	O
hotspots	O
for	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
,	O
where	O
this	O
years	O
foreign	O
investment	O
accounts	O
for	O
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
foreign	O
economic	O
and	O
technological	O
cooperation	O
undertakings	O
continue	O
to	O
maintain	O
exuberant	O
development	O
momentum	O
.	O


From	O
January	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
recently	O
signed	O
foreign	O
-	O
contracted	O
projects	O
and	O
labor	O
service	O
cooperation	O
projects	O
,	O
actually	O
achieved	O
turnover	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
in	O
overseas	O
labor	O
and	O
service	O
increased	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shantou	B-GPE
,	O
December	B-DATE
28	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporters	O
Weizhong	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
and	O
Datian	B-PERSON
Yao	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Guangdong	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Shantou	B-GPE
boosts	O
its	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
industrialization	O
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
cultivating	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
major	O
industrialization	O
projects	O
with	O
high	O
added	O
value	O
,	O
high	O
technological	O
content	O
and	O
having	O
broad	O
market	O
prospects	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
has	O
become	O
Shantou	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
's	O
new	O
growth	O
spot	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Yingqiang	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
Shantou	B-GPE
's	O
Science	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
currently	O
,	O
Shantou	B-GPE
has	O
preliminarily	O
formed	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
industries	O
and	O
backbone	O
enterprises	O
,	O
among	O
which	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
enterprises	O
have	O
been	O
recognized	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Guangdong	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
corporations	O
,	O
Ultrasonic	B-ORG
and	O
Ocean	B-ORG
,	O
have	O
been	O
recognized	O
as	O
"	O
leading	O
national	O
key	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
enterprise	O
groups	O
"	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
enterprises	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Shantou	I-ORG
Ultrasonic	I-ORG
Instrument	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Shantou	I-ORG
Ultrasonic	I-ORG
Printing	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-GPE
Shantou	I-GPE
Special	I-GPE
Economic	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
General	B-ORG
Automatic	I-ORG
Electronic	I-ORG
Equipment	I-ORG
Plant	I-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
each	O
passed	O
the	O
ISO	B-ORG
9000	I-ORG
series	O
quality	O
system	O
's	O
international	O
certification	O
.	O


Electric	O
automobiles	O
are	O
a	O
major	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
industrialization	O
project	O
during	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
ninth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
plan	O
"	O
period	O
-LRB-	O
1996	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
State	B-ORG
has	O
chosen	O
Shantou	B-GPE
's	O
Nan'ao	B-GPE
county	I-GPE
as	O
the	O
demonstration	O
zone	O
for	O
electric	O
automobile	O
operations	O
testing	O
,	O
and	O
currently	O
,	O
operational	O
testing	O
has	O
now	O
started	O
in	O
Shantou	B-GPE
and	O
Nan'ao	B-GPE
county	I-GPE
.	O


Shantou	B-GPE
is	O
one	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
five	B-CARDINAL
large	O
Special	B-GPE
Economic	I-GPE
Zones	I-GPE
.	O


Since	O
1993	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Shantou	I-ORG
Municipal	I-ORG
Government	I-ORG
has	O
successively	O
announced	O
strategic	O
policies	O
of	O
"	O
reviving	O
the	O
city	O
through	O
science	O
and	O
education	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
creating	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
special	O
economic	O
zones	O
"	O
,	O
issued	O
and	O
implemented	O
a	O
"	O
scaling	O
the	O
heights	O
of	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
plan	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
adopted	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
measures	O
to	O
accelerate	O
advancing	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
contribution	O
rate	O
of	O
progress	O
in	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
to	O
this	O
city	O
's	O
economic	O
growth	O
reaches	O
40.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
work	O
has	O
shown	O
good	O
development	O
momentum	O
.	O


The	O
construction	O
of	O
Shantou	B-GPE
's	O
New	B-GPE
High	I-GPE
Level	I-GPE
Technology	I-GPE
Development	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
has	O
preliminarily	O
taken	O
shape	O
.	O


Its	O
eastern	O
1	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometer	I-QUANTITY
area	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
,	O
completed	O
factory	O
buildings	O
with	O
an	O
area	O
of	O
250,000	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
,	O
with	O
40	B-CARDINAL
factory	O
buildings	O
under	O
construction	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
completion	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
such	O
support	O
facilities	O
as	O
the	O
power	O
relay	O
station	O
,	O
the	O
tariff	O
-	O
free	O
zone	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
hotel	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
165	B-CARDINAL
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
projects	O
have	O
entered	O
the	O
zone	O
,	O
with	O
gross	O
negotiated	O
investments	O
of	O
6.2	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
foreign	O
investment	O
accounting	O
for	O
half	B-CARDINAL
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
twenty	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
enterprises	O
have	O
entered	O
the	O
zone	O
and	O
70	B-CARDINAL
of	O
these	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
products	O
.	O


Since	O
establishing	O
the	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
zone	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
gross	O
revenue	O
from	O
technology	O
,	O
industry	O
and	O
trade	O
totally	O
reached	O
3.3	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
with	O
a	O
gross	O
value	O
of	O
industry	O
output	O
of	O
2.4	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
export	O
foreign	O
currency	O
reaching	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
60	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
popularization	O
and	O
transformation	O
of	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
achievements	O
has	O
shown	O
obvious	O
effects	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
introducing	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
achievements	O
from	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
to	O
implement	O
development	O
and	O
application	O
,	O
Shantou	B-GPE
has	O
directly	O
created	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
600	I-CARDINAL
projects	O
with	O
new	O
products	O
,	O
new	O
materials	O
and	O
new	O
technologies	O
.	O


Among	O
these	O
projects	O
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
400	I-CARDINAL
have	O
brought	O
direct	O
economic	O
benefits	O
,	O
creating	O
an	O
output	O
value	O
of	O
over	O
10	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
and	O
earning	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
500	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
foreign	O
currency	O
.	O


By	O
cultivating	O
technology	O
innovation	O
processes	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
enterprises	O
,	O
enterprises	O
have	O
become	O
the	O
main	O
part	O
of	O
technology	O
development	O
and	O
technology	O
application	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Shantou	I-ORG
Ultrasonic	I-ORG
Instrument	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
,	O
by	O
adhering	O
to	O
the	O
road	O
of	O
mutually	O
combining	O
imported	O
and	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
research	O
development	O
,	O
has	O
successively	O
researched	O
and	O
developed	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
forty	I-CARDINAL
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
products	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
annual	O
output	O
value	O
surpassing	O
100	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
ultrasonic	O
visualization	O
diagnostic	O
apparatus	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
B	O
ultrasound	O
"	O
,	O
is	O
sold	O
far	O
away	O
to	O
countries	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
and	O
America	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
regions	O
.	O


Nowadays	O
,	O
a	O
structurally	O
optimized	O
,	O
capable	O
and	O
highly	O
efficient	O
enterprise	O
technology	O
innovation	O
system	O
has	O
been	O
formed	O
in	O
Shantou	B-GPE
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
municipal	O
independent	O
research	O
institutions	O
,	O
enterprise	O
technology	O
development	O
organizations	O
and	O
engineering	O
and	O
technology	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
centers	O
.	O


Additionally	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Shantou	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
,	O
having	O
modern	O
facilities	O
,	O
completed	O
construction	O
and	O
put	O
into	O
use	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
an	O
important	O
base	O
in	O
Shantou	B-GPE
for	O
conducting	O
such	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
activities	O
such	O
as	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
exchanges	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
,	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
services	O
,	O
and	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
development	O
,	O
etc.	O
it	O
will	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
promoting	O
close	O
coupling	O
of	O
new	O
high	O
level	O
technology	O
and	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Xi'an	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
2	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Shaoyang	B-PERSON
Peng	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Foreign	O
funded	O
projects	O
approved	O
by	O
Shaanxi	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
at	O
present	O
have	O
reached	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
2400	I-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
volume	O
of	O
agreed	O
on	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
funds	O
is	O
4	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
and	O
that	O
actually	O
introduced	O
has	O
surpassed	O
1.6	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
scale	O
of	O
introducing	O
foreign	O
funds	O
ranks	O
first	B-ORDINAL
among	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
provinces	O
and	O
regions	O
in	O
northwest	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Since	O
1993	B-DATE
,	O
Shaanxi	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
has	O
implemented	O
policy	O
adjustments	O
for	O
work	O
introducing	O
business	O
and	O
attracting	O
investment	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
recruiting	O
of	O
foreign	O
business	O
and	O
investment	O
has	O
changed	O
from	O
preferential	O
policy	O
directed	O
to	O
market	O
directed	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
established	O
new	O
thinking	O
for	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
funds	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
exchanging	O
resources	O
for	O
technology	O
,	O
exchanging	O
property	O
rights	O
for	O
capital	O
,	O
exchanging	O
markets	O
for	O
projects	O
and	O
exchanging	O
deposits	O
for	O
increments	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
formulated	O
such	O
articles	O
as	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Methods	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
use	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
foreign	I-WORK_OF_ART
funds	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Shaanxi	I-WORK_OF_ART
Province	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Methods	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	I-WORK_OF_ART
managing	I-WORK_OF_ART
foreign	I-WORK_OF_ART
funded	I-WORK_OF_ART
enterprises	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Shaanxi	I-WORK_OF_ART
Province	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Six	I-WORK_OF_ART
regulations	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	I-WORK_OF_ART
protecting	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
legal	I-WORK_OF_ART
rights	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
interests	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
foreign	I-WORK_OF_ART
funded	I-WORK_OF_ART
enterprises	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
introducing	O
foreign	O
funds	O
to	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
,	O
provided	O
reliable	O
policy	O
guarantees	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
province	O
has	O
established	O
a	O
highly	O
efficient	O
,	O
high	O
quality	O
,	O
comprehensive	O
service	O
system	O
with	O
participating	O
related	O
departments	O
such	O
as	O
foreign	O
trade	O
,	O
industry	O
and	O
commerce	O
,	O
and	O
taxation	O
,	O
etc.	O
a	O
system	O
to	O
safeguard	O
investors	O
'	O
personal	O
assets	O
,	O
income	O
,	O
safety	O
,	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
statutes	O
concerning	O
the	O
foreign	O
affairs	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
common	O
international	O
practice	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
agile	O
and	O
quick	O
information	O
system	O
,	O
greatly	O
improving	O
the	O
efficiency	O
in	O
handling	O
affairs	O
and	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
work	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
rapidly	O
expanding	O
scale	O
of	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
funds	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
.	O


Shaanxi	B-GPE
's	O
daily	O
improving	O
investment	O
environment	O
has	O
attracted	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
foreign	O
businesses	O
to	O
successively	O
invest	O
in	O
setting	O
up	O
factories	O
and	O
negotiate	O
trade	O
.	O


Up	O
till	O
now	O
,	O
investors	O
from	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
have	O
established	O
enterprises	O
in	O
Shaanxi	B-GPE
.	O


Transnational	O
corporations	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Intel	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Luoluo	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Daewoo	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Siemens	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	O
Germany	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
MEP	I-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
of	O
Holland	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
successively	O
established	O
joint	O
or	O
exclusive	O
investment	O
companies	O
in	O
Shaanxi	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
investment	O
in	O
Shaanxi	B-GPE
by	O
foreign	O
investors	O
radiates	O
out	O
from	O
the	B-LOC
Guanzhong	I-LOC
Plain	I-LOC
to	O
the	O
mountain	O
areas	O
in	O
southern	O
Shaanxi	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-LOC
Loess	I-LOC
Plateau	I-LOC
in	O
northern	O
Shaanxi	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
capital	O
"	O
enterprises	O
spread	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
10	B-CARDINAL
local	O
cities	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
,	O
and	O
production	O
and	O
management	O
involve	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
ten	I-CARDINAL
industries	O
such	O
as	O
electronics	O
,	O
medicine	O
,	O
food	O
,	O
real	O
estate	O
,	O
automobile	O
manufacturing	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
among	O
which	O
industrial	O
enterprises	O
account	O
for	O
two	B-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Lanzhou	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
6th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Zhiping	B-PERSON
Sun	I-PERSON


Gansu	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
located	O
in	O
northwest	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
saw	O
good	O
economic	O
development	O
momentum	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
has	O
gradually	O
formed	O
a	O
"	O
high	O
growth	O
and	O
low	O
inflation	O
"	O
development	O
pattern	O
.	O


In	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
Gansu	B-GPE
's	O
GDP	O
for	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
reached	O
78.13	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
8.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
retail	O
commodity	O
price	O
margins	O
dropped	O
to	O
1.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
6.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
whereas	O
residents	O
'	O
consumer	O
price	O
margins	O
dropped	O
from	O
19.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Gansu	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
actively	O
implemented	O
the	O
strategy	O
of	O
agricultural	O
revival	O
through	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
by	O
popularizing	O
agriculture	O
-	O
applicable	O
techniques	O
and	O
production	O
-	O
increasing	O
measures	O
such	O
as	O
film	O
overlay	O
mulching	O
,	O
water	O
-	O
saving	O
irrigation	O
and	O
irrigation	O
via	O
rain	O
collection	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
agriculture	O
getting	O
a	O
better	O
harvest	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
annual	O
grain	O
yield	O
reaching	O
7.66	B-QUANTITY
billion	I-QUANTITY
kilograms	I-QUANTITY
.	O


All	O
across	O
the	O
province	O
,	O
throughout	O
the	O
year	O
,	O
916,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
solved	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
dressing	O
warmly	O
and	O
having	O
enough	O
food	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
the	O
large	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
in	O
Gansu	B-GPE
began	O
to	O
rally	O
.	O


From	O
January	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
net	O
loss	O
compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
had	O
decreased	O
by	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
annual	O
completed	O
industry	O
added	O
value	O
for	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
was	O
28.71	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
which	O
increased	O
10.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
fixed	O
assets	O
investment	O
momentum	O
increased	O
and	O
total	O
investments	O
reached	O
26	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
21	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
than	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
development	O
situation	O
of	O
Gansu	B-GPE
's	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
was	O
good	O
.	O


Its	O
annual	O
foreign	O
currency	O
earned	O
from	O
exports	O
reached	O
400	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
with	O
imports	O
of	O
250	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Foreign	O
capital	O
actually	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
year	O
reached	O
260	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Yongjiang	B-PERSON
Gu	I-PERSON
expressed	O
that	O
inland	O
economic	O
development	O
provides	O
five	B-CARDINAL
great	O
opportunities	O
for	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
:	O


--	O
It	O
will	O
benefit	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
economy	O
to	O
prosper	O
and	O
stabilize	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
term	O
.	O


The	O
inland	O
economy	O
has	O
been	O
growing	O
steadily	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
term	O
and	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
economy	O
will	O
benefit	O
from	O
the	O
vigorous	O
inland	O
economy	O
.	O


--	O
It	O
can	O
provide	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
with	O
more	O
business	O
opportunities	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
gradual	O
opening	O
up	O
of	O
such	O
inland	O
service	O
industries	O
as	O
trade	O
,	O
finance	O
,	O
retailing	O
,	O
etc.	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
service	O
industry	O
will	O
gain	O
a	O
broader	O
space	O
for	O
development	O
.	O


--	O
It	O
is	O
beneficial	O
to	O
consolidate	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
trade	O
and	O
shipping	O
center	O
.	O


By	O
2010	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
gross	O
volume	O
of	O
foreign	O
trade	O
of	O
the	O
inland	O
will	O
hopefully	O
reach	O
800	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
which	O
will	O
undoubtedly	O
increase	O
the	O
demand	O
for	O
transition	O
and	O
transfer	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


This	O
will	O
be	O
beneficial	O
to	O
consolidate	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
trade	O
and	O
shipping	O
center	O
.	O


--	O
It	O
further	O
promotes	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
financial	O
market	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
deepening	O
of	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprise	O
reform	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
more	O
joint	O
-	O
stock	O
enterprises	O
going	O
to	O
outside	O
markets	O
.	O


Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
will	O
be	O
the	O
preferred	O
outside	O
market	O
place	O
for	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
expand	O
the	O
scale	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
stocks	O
,	O
improve	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
structure	O
,	O
and	O
promote	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
bond	O
market	O
.	O


And	O
more	O
Chinese	B-NORP
funds	O
will	O
also	O
appear	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


All	O
this	O
will	O
consolidate	O
and	O
strengthen	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
position	O
as	O
an	O
international	O
financial	O
center	O
.	O


--	O
It	O
is	O
beneficial	O
for	O
reinforcing	O
the	O
international	O
competitiveness	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
products	O
.	O


By	O
combining	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
places	O
'	O
advantages	O
through	O
supplemental	O
economic	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
inland	O
and	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
international	O
competitiveness	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
products	O
can	O
be	O
strengthened	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Haikou	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
6th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Changlin	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON


After	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
development	O
and	O
construction	O
,	O
Hainan	B-GPE
's	O
Yangpu	B-GPE
Economic	I-GPE
Development	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
has	O
had	O
an	O
upsurge	O
of	O
industrial	O
construction	O
.	O


Of	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
industrial	O
start	O
-	O
up	O
projects	O
,	O
some	O
have	O
been	O
completed	O
and	O
are	O
in	O
production	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
are	O
about	O
to	O
start	O
building	O
.	O


Yongchun	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Yangpu	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Zone	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
that	O
business	O
invitation	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
zone	O
has	O
achieved	O
a	O
progress	O
breakthrough	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
development	O
zone	O
's	O
construction	O
has	O
moved	O
from	O
land	O
development	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
stage	O
of	O
industrial	O
project	O
construction	O
.	O


Recently	O
,	O
the	O
600,000	B-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
wood	O
pulp	O
factory	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
industrial	O
start	O
-	O
up	O
projects	O
in	O
Yangpu	B-GPE
Development	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
,	O
has	O
obtained	O
State	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
approval	O
to	O
build	O
.	O


This	O
wood	O
pulp	O
factory	O
,	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
largest	O
in	O
scale	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
constructed	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Asian	I-ORG
Pulp	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Paper	I-ORG
Joint	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
of	O
Singapore	B-GPE
who	O
invested	O
1.283	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
and	O
it	O
will	O
annually	O
produce	O
600,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
bleached	O
wood	O
pulp	O
products	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
industrial	O
start	O
-	O
up	O
project	O
-	O
the	B-FAC
Jindao	I-FAC
Refined	I-FAC
Rice	I-FAC
Processing	I-FAC
Factory	I-FAC
,	O
was	O
completed	O
and	O
put	O
into	O
production	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
refined	O
rice	O
processing	O
factory	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
constructed	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Macao	I-ORG
Far	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
East	I-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
Thailand	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Consortium	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Hainan	I-ORG
Province	I-ORG
Grain	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Oil	I-ORG
Consortium	I-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
who	O
jointly	O
invested	O
30	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
has	O
adopted	O
the	B-DATE
'90s	I-DATE
most	O
advanced	O
foreign	O
production	O
equipment	O
and	O
technological	O
processes	O
.	O


Its	O
annual	O
processing	O
is	O
300,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
unrefined	O
rice	O
,	O
and	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
post-processing	O
polished	O
rice	O
is	O
exported	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
three	B-CARDINAL
start	O
-	O
up	O
projects	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
zone	O
,	O
a	O
high	O
speed	O
wire	O
rod	O
factory	O
,	O
an	O
oak	O
floorboard	O
factory	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
blown	O
glass	O
factory	O
,	O
will	O
also	O
start	O
work	O
and	O
be	O
put	O
into	O
production	O
.	O


Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
development	O
zone	O
also	O
has	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
twenty	I-CARDINAL
definite	O
and	O
possibly	O
definite	O
industrial	O
projects	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
paint	O
chemical	O
plant	O
,	O
a	O
steel	O
factory	O
,	O
an	O
iron	O
reduction	O
factory	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
investment	O
of	O
about	O
7	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Yangpu	B-GPE
,	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
west	O
of	O
Hainan	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
industrial	O
development	O
zone	O
wholly	O
contracted	O
and	O
developed	O
by	O
foreign	O
businessmen	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
currently	O
enjoys	O
the	O
most	O
favorable	O
and	O
most	O
open	O
policies	O
in	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
land	O
developers	O
have	O
totally	O
invested	O
4	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
HK	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
for	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
such	O
infrastructure	O
as	O
power	O
plants	O
,	O
main	O
roads	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
and	O
an	O
underground	O
pipe	O
network	O
in	O
the	O
zone	O
,	O
landscaping	O
,	O
post	O
and	O
telecommunication	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
8th	I-DATE


Russia	B-GPE
's	O
premier	O
Chernomyrdin	B-PERSON
said	O
at	O
the	O
governmental	O
conference	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
8th	I-DATE
that	O
the	O
major	O
achievement	O
that	O
Russia	B-GPE
gained	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
was	O
that	O
the	O
basic	O
precondition	O
for	O
economic	O
growth	O
was	O
created	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
report	O
by	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
News	O
Agency	O
-	O
Tass	B-ORG
,	O
Chernomyrdin	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
compared	O
with	O
1996	B-PERSON
,	O
last	O
year	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
GDP	O
grew	O
1.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
industrial	O
production	O
grew	O
3.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
the	O
total	O
volume	O
of	O
retail	O
commodities	O
grew	O
3.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
with	O
an	O
annual	O
inflation	O
rate	O
of	O
11	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
that	O
of	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
residents	O
'	O
income	O
increased	O
2.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
Chernomyrdin	B-PERSON
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
many	O
problems	O
also	O
existed	O
domestically	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
tax	O
revenue	O
conditions	O
were	O
not	O
good	O
,	O
investment	O
plans	O
were	O
not	O
completed	O
,	O
foreign	O
trade	O
surpluses	O
were	O
reduced	O
,	O
financial	O
and	O
monetary	O
measures	O
adopted	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
were	O
not	O
effective	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


When	O
talking	O
about	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
work	O
,	O
Chernomyrdin	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
a	O
new	O
plan	O
of	O
structural	O
reform	O
and	O
economic	O
growth	O
was	O
being	O
drafted	O
and	O
is	O
being	O
prepared	O
to	O
submit	O
to	O
the	O
larger	O
government	O
meeting	O
to	O
be	O
held	O
on	O
February	B-DATE
26th	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
discussion	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
this	O
plan	O
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
GDP	O
should	O
increase	O
by	O
2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
the	O
inflation	O
rate	O
should	O
decrease	O
to	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Nanning	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
9th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Zhicheng	B-PERSON
Heng	I-PERSON


This	O
reporter	O
recently	O
drove	O
to	O
cities	O
such	O
as	O
Guangxi	B-GPE
's	O
Fangchenggang	B-GPE
,	O
Qinzhou	B-GPE
,	O
Beihai	B-GPE
,	O
Zhanjiang	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
to	O
gather	O
news	O
,	O
and	O
saw	O
that	O
with	O
the	O
opening	O
and	O
operation	O
of	O
the	O
Nanning	B-GPE
-	O
Kunming	B-GPE
railway	O
,	O
these	O
four	B-CARDINAL
port	O
cities	O
along	O
the	O
coast	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Northern	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
have	O
docks	O
that	O
are	O
anxious	O
and	O
busy	O
with	O
the	O
loading	O
and	O
unloading	O
of	O
cargo	O
,	O
and	O
along	O
the	O
coast	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
docks	O
are	O
speedily	O
being	O
constructed	O
.	O


All	O
over	O
,	O
a	O
thousand	O
sails	O
compete	O
in	O
setting	O
sail	O
,	O
a	O
very	O
lively	O
scene	O
.	O


Fangchenggang	B-GPE
,	O
Qinzhou	B-GPE
,	O
Beihai	B-GPE
and	O
Zhanjiang	B-GPE
,	O
people	O
call	O
the	O
"	O
Dragon	O
's	O
head	O
"	O
of	O
the	O
southwest	O
's	O
main	O
passageway	O
to	O
the	O
sea	O
.	O


The	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
Nanning	B-GPE
-	O
Kunming	B-GPE
railway	O
brings	O
unprecedented	O
opportunities	O
for	O
development	O
to	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
coastal	O
cities	O
.	O


The	O
city	O
of	O
Fangchenggang	B-GPE
has	O
now	O
developed	O
to	O
become	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
important	O
pivotal	O
ports	O
,	O
having	O
20	B-CARDINAL
operating	O
docks	O
,	O
among	O
which	O
10	B-CARDINAL
have	O
berths	O
above	O
the	O
10,000	B-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
level	O
.	O


Railways	O
and	O
highways	O
directly	O
reach	O
the	O
port	O
.	O


In	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
port	O
completed	O
cargo	O
throughput	O
of	O
6.5	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
,	O
increasing	O
28	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Among	O
this	O
,	O
southwest	O
provinces	O
and	O
cities	O
'	O
goods	O
and	O
materials	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
increased	O
nearly	O
once	O
over	O
.	O


At	O
ports	O
such	O
as	O
Zhanjiang	B-GPE
,	O
Qinzhou	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Beihai	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
goods	O
and	O
materials	O
from	O
the	O
great	O
southwest	O
also	O
grew	O
by	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Construction	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
passage	O
has	O
activated	O
the	O
flow	O
of	O
materials	O
,	O
the	O
flow	O
of	O
people	O
and	O
the	O
flow	O
of	O
information	O
in	O
the	O
great	O
southwest	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
promoted	O
development	O
in	O
the	O
coastal	O
port	O
cities	O
'	O
economies	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
demands	O
of	O
rapid	O
growth	O
of	O
goods	O
and	O
materials	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
in	O
the	O
great	O
southwest	O
,	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
coastal	O
cities	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Northern	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
have	O
started	O
a	O
new	O
upsurge	O
of	O
constructing	O
ports	O
.	O


The	B-FAC
Zhanjiang	I-FAC
Port	I-FAC
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
earliest	O
built	O
and	O
is	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
,	O
now	O
has	O
31	B-CARDINAL
operating	O
berths	O
,	O
among	O
which	O
24	B-CARDINAL
are	O
deep	O
-	O
water	O
berths	O
with	O
a	O
tonnage	O
between	B-QUANTITY
10,000	I-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
70,000	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
,	O
and	O
has	O
an	O
annual	O
throughput	O
reaching	O
over	O
18	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
.	O


At	O
the	B-FAC
Fangchenggang	I-FAC
Port	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
10,000	B-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
level	O
berths	O
,	O
No.	O
9	B-CARDINAL
and	O
No.	O
10	B-CARDINAL
,	O
formally	O
began	O
work	O
not	O
long	O
ago	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
preparing	O
to	O
construct	O
larger	O
berths	O
,	O
No.	O
11	B-CARDINAL
and	O
No.	O
12	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Beihai	B-GPE
has	O
now	O
completed	O
four	B-CARDINAL
10,000	B-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
level	O
docks	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
another	O
four	B-CARDINAL
10,000	B-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
level	O
berths	O
will	O
be	O
put	O
into	O
reconstruction	O
.	O


The	B-FAC
Qinzhou	I-FAC
Port	I-FAC
,	O
which	O
started	O
relatively	O
later	O
,	O
actively	O
introduces	O
a	O
market	O
mechanics	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
port	O
,	O
organizing	O
big	O
consortia	O
and	O
big	O
companies	O
from	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
to	O
establish	O
merchant	O
groups	O
to	O
jointly	O
invite	O
businesses	O
,	O
and	O
introduced	O
an	O
ownership	O
system	O
for	O
reconstructing	O
docks	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
port	O
development	O
zone	O
,	O
19	B-CARDINAL
proprietary	O
ports	O
with	O
tonnage	O
capacities	O
of	O
over	O
10,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
and	O
14	B-CARDINAL
proprietary	O
storage	O
projects	O
are	O
either	O
under	O
construction	O
or	O
preparing	O
for	O
construction	O
.	O


After	O
inspections	O
,	O
demonstrations	O
and	O
under	O
the	O
development	O
zone	O
's	O
uniform	O
planning	O
,	O
proprietors	O
from	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
choose	O
their	O
won	O
projects	O
,	O
bring	O
their	O
own	O
capital	O
and	O
sources	O
of	O
goods	O
,	O
manage	O
their	O
own	O
business	O
,	O
and	O
assume	O
responsibility	O
for	O
profits	O
and	O
losses	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
port	O
with	O
proprietors	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
investment	O
bodies	O
will	O
rise	O
from	O
here	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
coastal	O
cities	O
have	O
also	O
actively	O
initiated	O
industrial	O
parks	O
adjacent	O
to	O
the	O
ports	O
.	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
traveling	O
merchants	O
from	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
,	O
especially	O
visionaries	O
coming	O
from	O
the	O
great	O
southwest	O
,	O
have	O
successively	O
come	O
to	O
settle	O
here	O
to	O
start	O
processing	O
industries	O
that	O
import	O
large	O
quantities	O
and	O
export	O
large	O
quantities	O
.	O


The	O
prospects	O
are	O
extremely	O
good	O
.	O


Foreign	O
trade	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
showed	O
the	O
following	O
characteristics	O
:	O


Export	O
grew	O
rapidly	O
,	O
and	O
became	O
important	O
strength	O
in	O
promoting	O
the	O
economy	O
to	O
grow	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
trade	O
grew	O
by	O
12.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
the	O
annual	O
export	O
growth	O
rate	O
reached	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
20.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Imports	O
picked	O
up	O
placidly	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
imports	O
grew	O
by	O
2.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
with	O
slowest	O
growth	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
'90s	I-DATE
.	O


General	O
trade	O
and	O
processing	O
trade	O
developed	O
synchronously	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
processing	O
trade	O
proportion	O
increased	O
slightly	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
gross	O
value	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
in	O
general	O
trade	O
was	O
117	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
14.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
processing	O
trade	O
continued	O
to	O
develop	O
steadily	O
,	O
and	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
gross	O
value	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
was	O
169.81	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
15.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
accounting	O
for	O
52.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
gross	O
value	O
of	O
foreign	O
trade	O
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
1.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
and	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
advanced	O
side	O
by	O
side	O
,	O
but	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
continued	O
to	O
occupy	O
the	O
leading	O
position	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
annual	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
of	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
were	O
163.06	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
12.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
accounting	O
for	O
50.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
foreign	O
trade	O
volumes	O
.	O


Foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
'	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
also	O
maintained	O
rapid	O
growth	O
momentum	O
,	O
and	O
annual	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
were	O
152.62	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
11.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
accounting	O
for	O
46.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
foreign	O
trade	O
volumes	O
.	O


Among	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
,	O
the	O
growth	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
of	O
exclusively	O
-	O
owned	O
foreign	O
enterprises	O
was	O
especially	O
fast	O
,	O
with	O
exports	O
and	O
imports	O
growth	O
rate	O
reaching	O
31.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
12.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
respectively	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
imports	O
of	O
primary	O
products	O
increased	O
rapidly	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
exported	O
commodities	O
was	O
further	O
optimized	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
annually	O
,	O
imports	O
of	O
primary	O
products	O
were	O
28.62	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
12.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
exports	O
of	O
primary	O
products	O
were	O
23.93	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
9.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
foreign	O
trade	O
volume	O
decreased	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
14.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
13.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
export	O
market	O
diversified	O
,	O
and	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
played	O
a	O
more	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
trade	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
trade	O
interactions	O
with	O
all	O
major	O
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
were	O
extremely	O
active	O
,	O
and	O
trade	O
volumes	O
all	O
has	O
different	O
extents	O
of	O
growth	O
.	O


The	O
10	B-CARDINAL
largest	O
trade	O
partners	O
were	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
EU	B-ORG
,	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
Singapore	B-GPE
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
Australia	B-GPE
and	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
total	O
trade	O
volume	O
with	O
these	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
large	O
partners	O
was	O
272.16	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
83.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
China	B-PERCENT
's	O
total	O
foreign	O
trade	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
not	O
only	O
did	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
exports	O
to	O
such	O
traditional	O
markets	O
as	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
North	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
continue	O
to	O
maintain	O
comparatively	O
large	O
grow	O
,	O
but	O
export	O
growth	O
to	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
,	O
Africa	B-LOC
and	O
Oceania	B-LOC
was	O
even	O
faster	O
,	O
with	O
growth	O
rates	O
reaching	O
47.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
24.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
22.1	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
respectively	O
.	O


All	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
foreign	O
trade	O
exports	O
are	O
developing	O
vigorously	O
,	O
and	O
non-coastal	O
areas	O
also	O
have	O
strong	O
growth	O
.	O


The	O
top	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
provinces	O
and	O
cities	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
annual	O
exports	O
were	O
:	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
,	O
Shandong	B-GPE
,	O
Fujian	B-GPE
,	O
Zhejiang	B-PERSON
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
Liaoning	B-GPE
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
and	O
Hebei	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
provinces	O
and	O
cities	O
totally	O
exported	O
162.19	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
88.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
country	O
.	O


The	O
five	B-CARDINAL
Special	O
Economic	O
Zones	O
'	O
totally	O
exported	O
23.18	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
the	O
whole	O
year	O
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
31	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Fuzhou	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
10th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Ting	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON


Fujian	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
recently	O
put	O
forth	O
that	O
this	O
year	O
it	O
will	O
vigorously	O
promote	O
Fujian	B-GPE
-	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
cooperation	O
,	O
to	O
further	O
expand	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
business	O
invitations	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
strengthen	O
connections	O
with	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
's	O
big	O
enterprises	O
and	O
consortia	O
,	O
to	O
strive	O
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
large	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
capital	O
projects	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
Fujian	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
to	O
vigorously	O
develop	O
trade	O
to	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
to	O
develop	O
fishing	O
labor	O
service	O
cooperation	O
with	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
.	O


Some	O
concerned	O
departments	O
in	O
Fujian	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
have	O
recently	O
drawn	O
up	O
new	O
measures	O
to	O
further	O
accelerate	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
foreign	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
,	O
to	O
deepen	O
foreign	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
enterprise	O
reform	O
,	O
to	O
maintain	O
stable	O
export	O
growth	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
expand	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
capital	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
as	O
this	O
province	O
's	O
important	O
tasks	O
of	O
foreign	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


Fujian	B-GPE
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
areas	O
that	O
is	O
accelerating	O
the	O
fastest	O
in	O
foreign	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
development	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
coastal	O
areas	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
this	O
province	O
's	O
total	O
volume	O
of	O
foreign	O
trade	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
was	O
nearly	B-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
foreign	O
capital	O
actually	O
utilized	O
surpassed	O
4	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
foreign	O
contract	O
projects	O
and	O
labor	O
service	O
cooperation	O
funds	O
reached	O
355	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
main	O
contents	O
of	O
these	O
new	O
measures	O
include	O
promoting	O
strategic	O
restructuring	O
of	O
provincial	O
foreign	O
trade	O
companies	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
developing	O
scaled	O
operations	O
and	O
organizing	O
enterprise	O
groups	O
;	O
to	O
expand	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
exporting	O
backbone	O
industries	O
products	O
;	O
and	O
to	O
successfully	O
organize	O
the	B-EVENT
Foreign	I-EVENT
Business	I-EVENT
Investment	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
Business	I-EVENT
Invitation	I-EVENT
Conference	I-EVENT
held	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
'98	B-DATE
China	B-EVENT
Investment	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
Trade	I-EVENT
Negotiation	I-EVENT
Conference	I-EVENT
,	O
etc	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
11th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Kun	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
and	O
Kai	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON


The	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
exchange	O
between	O
the	O
inland	O
and	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
showed	O
a	O
trend	O
of	O
rapid	O
,	O
healthy	O
and	O
steady	O
development	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
statistics	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Customs	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
show	O
that	O
,	O
by	O
November	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
total	O
volume	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
between	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
inland	O
was	O
45.085	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
15.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
volume	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
of	O
the	O
inland	O
,	O
increasing	O
27	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
among	O
which	O
exports	O
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
by	O
the	O
inland	O
were	O
38.913	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
36.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
and	O
imports	O
from	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
by	O
the	O
inland	O
were	O
6.172	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
decreasing	O
10.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Ministry	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Cooperation	I-ORG
officials	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
the	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
exchange	O
with	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
said	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
and	O
the	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
exports	O
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
by	O
the	O
inland	O
was	O
far	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
and	O
the	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
exports	O
of	O
the	O
inland	O
-LRB-	O
at	O
a	O
rate	O
of	O
14	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
23.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-RRB-	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
inland	O
regions	O
with	O
the	O
fastest	O
export	O
growth	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
is	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
trade	O
partner	O
and	O
the	O
largest	O
export	O
market	O
of	O
the	O
inland	O
.	O


Regarding	O
investment	O
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
is	O
still	O
the	O
primary	O
source	O
of	O
overseas	O
investments	O
attracted	O
by	O
the	O
inland	O
.	O


From	O
January	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
September	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
inland	O
absorbed	O
6,165	B-CARDINAL
projects	O
directly	O
invested	O
by	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
40.99	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
total	O
number	O
over	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
agreed	O
value	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
capital	O
was	O
11.711	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
33.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
total	O
investment	O
over	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
and	O
the	O
actual	O
value	O
of	O
utilizing	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
capital	O
was	O
15.418	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
48.93	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
total	O
value	O
over	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
.	O


Regarding	O
foreign	O
contracted	O
projects	O
and	O
cooperation	O
of	O
labor	O
service	O
,	O
the	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
region	O
is	O
still	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
market	O
of	O
the	O
inland	O
.	O


From	O
January	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
inland	O
signed	O
1,474	B-CARDINAL
new	O
contracts	O
for	O
foreign	O
contracted	O
projects	O
and	O
cooperation	O
of	O
labor	O
service	O
and	O
design	O
consultation	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
with	O
a	O
contracted	O
value	O
of	O
2.094	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
a	O
completed	O
turnover	O
of	O
1.58	O
billion	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
and	O
21,153	B-CARDINAL
man	O
-	O
times	O
of	O
labor	O
service	O
sent	O
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
11th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Chijian	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
and	O
Jinhu	B-PERSON
Xie	I-PERSON


According	O
to	O
the	O
Pudong	B-GPE
New	B-ORG
Region	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Economy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
follow	O
-	O
up	O
investigation	O
into	O
157	B-CARDINAL
large	O
industrial	O
projects	O
that	O
were	O
introduced	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
seven	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
Pudong	B-GPE
's	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
have	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
invested	O
,	O
recently	O
there	O
were	O
116	B-CARDINAL
that	O
finished	O
construction	O
and	O
went	O
into	O
operation	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
going	O
into	O
operation	O
reaching	O
up	O
to	O
73.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


For	O
the	O
construction	O
time	O
of	O
projects	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
completed	O
and	O
gone	O
into	O
operation	O
,	O
the	O
longest	O
is	O
30	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
shortest	O
is	O
only	B-DATE
11	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
average	O
construction	O
period	O
is	O
17.2	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


These	O
large	O
foreign	O
funded	O
enterprises	O
in	O
Pudong	B-GPE
not	O
only	O
have	O
short	O
construction	O
periods	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
show	O
obvious	O
benefits	O
from	O
investment	O
.	O


The	O
coverage	O
of	O
profit	O
gains	O
exceeds	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Some	O
enterprises	O
have	O
already	O
recouped	O
initial	O
investments	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Hitachi	I-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Appliance	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
started	O
with	O
an	O
investment	O
of	O
50	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
and	O
has	O
an	O
annual	O
output	O
of	O
400,000	B-CARDINAL
air	O
conditioner	O
compressors	O
,	O
was	O
built	O
,	O
completed	O
and	O
went	O
into	O
production	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
building	O
factories	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
scale	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
company	O
immediately	O
added	O
an	O
additional	O
80	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
for	O
investment	O
,	O
expanding	O
the	O
annual	O
output	O
to	O
1.4	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
sets	O
.	O


In	O
all	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
are	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
such	O
multinational	O
companies	O
similar	O
to	O
Hitachi	B-ORG
that	O
added	O
additional	O
investment	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
good	O
benefits	O
gained	O
from	O
early	O
operation	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
added	O
investments	O
reached	O
255	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


According	O
to	O
analysis	O
by	O
authorities	O
,	O
important	O
reasons	O
for	O
the	O
high	O
rate	O
of	O
going	O
into	O
operation	O
and	O
the	O
rapid	O
repayment	O
of	O
these	O
large	O
foreign	O
funded	O
industrial	O
enterprises	O
,	O
apart	O
from	O
the	O
advantageous	O
investment	O
environment	O
of	O
Pudong	B-GPE
,	O
also	O
lie	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
and	O
product	O
advantages	O
these	O
introduced	O
enterprises	O
themselves	O
possess	O
.	O


Of	O
these	O
157	B-CARDINAL
large	O
projects	O
,	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
are	O
invested	O
in	O
by	O
world	O
famous	O
multinational	O
companies	O
,	O
mainly	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
fields	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
electron	O
and	O
communication	O
facilities	O
manufacturing	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
machine	O
manufacturing	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
traffic	O
and	O
transportation	O
facilities	O
manufacturing	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
electric	O
machinery	O
and	O
equipment	O
manufacturing	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
pharmaceutical	O
manufacturing	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
metalworking	O
manufacturing	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
chemical	O
materials	O
and	O
refined	O
chemical	O
manufacturing	O
industry	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


The	O
technological	O
content	O
is	O
relatively	O
high	O
,	O
and	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
enterprises	O
possess	O
the	O
resources	O
for	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
products	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
also	O
have	O
a	O
big	O
driving	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
industrial	O
optimization	O
of	O
the	O
regions	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Yangtze	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
valley	O
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
industrial	O
manufacturing	O
enterprises	O
alone	O
that	O
support	O
these	O
will	O
reach	O
2000	B-CARDINAL
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
,	O
among	O
the	O
main	O
products	O
of	O
large	O
foreign	O
funded	O
enterprises	O
that	O
have	O
currently	O
been	O
put	O
into	O
production	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
102	B-CARDINAL
brands	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
52	B-CARDINAL
are	O
foreign	O
brands	O
and	O
50	B-CARDINAL
are	O
domestic	O
brands	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
Jan.	B-DATE
11th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yuhong	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON


The	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
largest	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
bank	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
had	O
good	O
business	O
performance	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
realized	O
a	O
profit	O
of	O
6.033	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
for	O
the	B-DATE
whole	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
of	O
which	O
domestic	O
banks	O
realized	O
a	O
profit	O
of	O
2.428	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


Gross	O
profit	O
continually	O
occupies	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
amongst	O
every	O
domestic	O
financial	O
organization	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
actively	O
and	O
steadily	O
promoted	O
various	O
operation	O
systems	O
reforms	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
credit	O
management	O
system	O
,	O
the	O
auditing	O
system	O
and	O
the	O
personnel	O
management	O
system	O
,	O
etc.	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
also	O
performed	O
exploration	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
establishing	O
market	O
operating	O
mechanisms	O
.	O


Regarding	O
operations	O
,	O
this	O
bank	O
strengthened	O
deposit	O
work	O
,	O
made	O
RMB	O
deposit	O
growth	O
rate	O
come	O
back	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
through	O
methods	O
such	O
as	O
signing	O
bank	O
-	O
enterprise	O
cooperation	O
agreements	O
and	O
strengthening	O
services	O
to	O
major	O
clients	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
developed	O
potential	O
high	O
grade	O
clients	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
,	O
the	O
balance	O
of	O
deposits	O
in	O
RMB	O
of	O
Bank	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
reached	O
591.239	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
balance	O
of	O
loans	O
for	O
all	O
items	O
in	O
RMB	O
reached	O
564.452	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
;	O
the	O
balance	O
of	O
deposits	O
for	O
foreign	O
currency	O
was	O
35.508	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
and	O
the	O
balance	O
of	O
loans	O
for	O
all	O
items	O
with	O
cash	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
was	O
39.787	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
has	O
also	O
paid	O
attention	O
to	O
bringing	O
all	O
advantages	O
into	O
full	O
play	O
,	O
actively	O
developing	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
marketing	O
;	O
making	O
the	O
traditional	O
business	O
of	O
international	O
settlement	O
continue	O
to	O
maintain	O
an	O
advantageous	O
position	O
in	O
furious	O
market	O
competition	O
;	O
and	O
also	O
gained	O
the	O
new	O
development	O
of	O
intermediate	O
services	O
such	O
as	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
settlement	O
and	O
sales	O
,	O
credit	O
cards	O
,	O
agents	O
,	O
substitute	O
charges	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
learned	O
that	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
settlement	O
and	O
sales	O
of	O
the	O
bank	O
respectively	O
reached	O
91.07	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
and	O
47.1	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
business	O
of	O
international	O
trade	O
settlement	O
was	O
139.857	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
for	O
the	B-DATE
whole	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
issued	O
volume	O
of	O
Great	B-FAC
Wall	I-FAC
credit	O
cards	O
reached	O
7.8	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
,	O
the	O
direct	O
consumption	O
value	O
of	O
credit	O
cards	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
was	O
12	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
increasing	O
66	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
17.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
respectively	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Changchun	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
12	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Fengshuang	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


With	O
the	O
adjustment	O
of	O
enterprise	O
product	O
structures	O
,	O
organization	O
structures	O
,	O
market	O
structures	O
and	O
capital	O
structures	O
,	O
deep	O
changes	O
have	O
taken	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
operating	O
mechanism	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
FAW	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
of	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
meet	O
market	O
emergencies	O
continually	O
increases	O
.	O


FAW	B-ORG
is	O
"	O
the	O
cradle	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
automobile	O
industry	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
more	I-DATE
than	I-DATE
thirty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
since	O
being	O
established	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
'50s	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
producing	O
the	O
old	O
"	O
Liberation	B-ORG
"	O
brand	O
trucks	O
.	O


Nowadays	O
,	O
after	O
product	O
restructuring	O
,	O
FAW	B-ORG
has	O
established	O
four	B-CARDINAL
production	O
bases	O
specializing	O
in	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
trucks	O
,	O
light	O
cars	O
,	O
intermediate	O
and	O
advanced	O
level	O
sedans	O
,	O
and	O
popular	O
sedans	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
realized	O
multiple	O
varieties	O
and	O
lines	O
of	O
products	O
.	O


FAW	B-ORG
now	O
has	O
basically	O
completed	O
the	O
transition	O
from	O
the	O
era	O
of	O
truck	O
production	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
sedan	O
production	O
.	O


It	O
produces	O
many	O
brands	O
of	O
sedans	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
new	O
model	O
"	B-PRODUCT
Red	I-PRODUCT
Flag	I-PRODUCT
"	I-PRODUCT
and	O
the	O
"	O
Jetta	B-PRODUCT
"	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
FAW	B-ORG
's	O
profits	O
were	O
mainly	O
from	O
the	O
production	O
and	O
operation	O
of	O
sedans	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
FAW	B-ORG
owns	O
the	O
most	O
advanced	O
automobile	O
technology	O
development	O
center	O
,	O
each	O
year	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
new	O
products	O
coming	O
to	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
better	O
suited	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
transportation	O
structure	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
planned	O
economy	O
system	O
,	O
FAW	B-ORG
was	O
a	O
"	O
factory	O
"	O
to	O
complete	O
directive	O
tasks	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
FAW	B-ORG
is	O
a	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
automobile	O
enterprise	O
group	O
possessing	O
functionalities	O
such	O
as	O
development	O
,	O
production	O
,	O
marketing	O
,	O
financing	O
and	O
foreign	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


FAW	B-ORG
,	O
through	O
corporate	O
restructuring	O
,	O
has	O
separated	O
out	O
some	O
original	O
specialized	O
accessory	O
factories	O
into	O
automobile	O
accessory	O
production	O
enterprises	O
that	O
have	O
definite	O
influences	O
at	O
home	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
requirements	O
of	O
the	O
automobile	O
industry	O
scaled	O
economic	O
developments	O
,	O
FAW	B-ORG
has	O
implemented	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
low	O
-	O
cost	O
expansion	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
merged	O
and	O
acquired	O
26	B-CARDINAL
local	O
enterprises	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
management	O
methods	O
have	O
now	O
formed	O
within	O
the	O
the	B-ORG
FAW	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
:	O
special	O
factories	O
directly	O
under	O
the	O
factory	O
,	O
wholly	O
-	O
owned	O
subsidiaries	O
,	O
and	O
holding	O
subsidiaries	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
FAW	B-ORG
has	O
35	B-CARDINAL
specialized	O
factories	O
,	O
twelve	B-CARDINAL
wholly	O
-	O
owned	O
subsidiaries	O
,	O
eleven	B-CARDINAL
holding	O
subsidiaries	O
,	O
fourteen	B-CARDINAL
share	O
-	O
holding	O
subsidiaries	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
240	I-CARDINAL
associated	O
enterprises	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
deepening	O
of	O
reforms	O
and	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
,	O
FAW	B-ORG
,	O
depending	O
only	O
on	O
national	O
investments	O
or	O
bank	O
loans	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
has	O
started	O
to	O
set	O
about	O
expanding	O
financing	O
channels	O
.	O


The	O
company	O
has	O
utilized	O
and	O
completely	O
made	O
liquid	O
social	O
assets	O
of	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
by	O
employing	O
forms	O
such	O
as	O
mergers	O
,	O
acquisitions	O
,	O
etc.	O
;	O
integrating	O
its	O
key	O
development	O
projects	O
to	O
attract	O
overseas	O
capital	O
,	O
FAW	B-ORG
has	O
successively	O
established	O
eighteen	B-CARDINAL
joint	O
ventures	O
with	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
.	O


FAW	B-ORG
has	O
also	O
utilized	O
the	O
capital	O
market	O
to	O
directly	O
finance	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
owns	O
three	B-CARDINAL
domestic	O
listed	O
companies	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
FAW	B-ORG
sedan	O
"	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


The	O
main	O
bodies	O
of	O
investment	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
FAW	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
is	O
increasingly	O
diversifying	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
gradually	O
moving	O
towards	O
an	O
assets	O
operation	O
and	O
management	O
company	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yongjian	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON


This	O
reporter	O
learned	O
from	O
parties	O
concerned	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
employees	O
in	O
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
spread	O
all	O
over	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
reached	O
17.5	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


Attracting	O
foreign	O
investment	O
has	O
become	O
an	O
effective	O
method	O
in	O
relieving	O
employment	O
pressure	O
for	O
this	O
country	O
who	O
has	O
the	O
largest	O
population	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
establishing	O
the	O
earliest	O
New	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprise	O
-	O
the	B-ORG
Beijing	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Catering	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
in	O
1980	B-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
approved	O
a	O
cumulative	O
total	O
of	O
300,000	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
breaking	O
of	O
the	O
'	O
iron	O
rice	O
bowl	O
'	O
,	O
quite	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
are	O
willing	O
to	O
seek	O
job	O
opportunities	O
in	O
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
providing	O
higher	O
salaries	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
,	O
the	O
successive	O
launch	O
of	O
operations	O
of	O
the	O
145,000	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
direct	O
job	O
holders	O
reached	O
17.5	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
,	O
whereas	O
foreign	O
staff	O
are	O
only	O
a	B-CARDINAL
few	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


Employees	O
in	O
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
are	O
dispersed	O
across	O
industries	O
,	O
the	O
real	O
estate	O
public	O
service	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
commerce	O
and	O
catering	O
service	O
industries	O
,	O
the	O
construction	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
farming	O
,	O
forestry	O
,	O
animal	O
husbandry	O
,	O
side	O
-	O
line	O
production	O
and	O
fishery	O
industries	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
traffic	O
,	O
transport	O
,	O
and	O
postal	O
industries	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
some	O
Chinese	B-NORP
employees	O
have	O
gone	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
some	O
sporadically	O
appearing	O
foreign	O
capital	O
financial	O
institutions	O
.	O


When	O
talking	O
about	O
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
,	O
quite	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
think	O
of	O
'	O
white	O
collars	O
'	O
with	O
very	O
straight	O
western	O
-	O
style	O
clothes	O
.	O


This	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
management	O
staff	O
of	O
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
.	O


They	O
make	O
diligently	O
study	O
advanced	O
technologies	O
and	O
modern	O
management	O
experience	O
in	O
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
one	B-CARDINAL
aspect	O
,	O
brings	O
along	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
citizen	O
's	O
quality	O
.	O


A	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
employees	O
in	O
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
are	O
blue	O
-	O
collar	O
workers	O
in	O
processing	O
workshops	O
who	O
are	O
too	O
busy	O
to	O
break	O
.	O


Among	O
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
approved	O
by	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
are	O
industrial	O
projects	O
and	O
the	O
processing	O
industry	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
high	O
side	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
situation	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
that	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
labor	O
force	O
of	O
relatively	O
low	O
quality	O
and	O
cost	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
it	O
has	O
attracted	O
a	O
large	O
labor	O
force	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
consider	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
enterprises	O
will	O
more	O
or	O
less	O
appear	O
in	O
various	O
regions	O
to	O
support	O
those	O
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
,	O
job	O
opportunities	O
that	O
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
had	O
created	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
more	O
substantial	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
regards	O
attracting	O
foreign	O
investment	O
as	O
an	O
effective	O
method	O
to	O
relieve	O
the	O
employment	O
pressure	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
continue	O
to	O
put	O
in	O
more	O
effort	O
to	O
attract	O
foreign	O
investment	O
,	O
strongly	O
advocate	O
providing	O
accessories	O
for	O
technologies	O
and	O
capital	O
intensive	O
foreign	O
invested	O
projects	O
,	O
and	O
continue	O
to	O
regard	O
labor	O
intensive	O
processing	O
industry	O
projects	O
as	O
targets	O
to	O
encourage	O
development	O
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE


A	O
information	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Cooperation	I-ORG
says	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
approved	O
establishing	O
300,000	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
so	O
far	O
.	O


Refurbishing	O
existing	O
enterprises	O
by	O
making	O
use	O
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
form	O
of	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
capital	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
founding	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
foreign	I-NORP
joint	O
ventures	O
and	O
cooperative	O
enterprises	O
,	O
impetus	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
refurbishing	O
of	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
120,000	I-CARDINAL
State	B-ORG
owned	O
and	O
collective	O
enterprises	O
.	O


A	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
technical	O
and	O
new	O
type	O
managerial	O
and	O
administrative	O
talent	O
was	O
trained	O
,	O
the	O
transformation	O
of	O
the	O
enterprise	O
's	O
operational	O
mechanism	O
and	O
the	O
reorganization	O
of	O
assets	O
were	O
accelerated	O
and	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
modern	O
famous	O
brands	O
such	O
as	O
Shanghai	B-ORG
Bell	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-ORG
Volkswagen	I-ORG
,	O
Konka	B-ORG
,	O
TCL	B-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
were	O
formed	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
learned	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
these	O
300,000	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
,	O
the	O
State	B-ORG
owned	O
and	O
collective	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
property	O
rights	O
accounted	O
for	O
57	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
State	B-ORG
-	O
owned	O
and	O
collective	O
part	O
of	O
this	O
mixed	O
ownership	O
economy	O
has	O
maintained	O
value	O
and	O
added	O
value	O
in	O
the	O
rapid	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
mixed	O
economy	O
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
,	O
premier	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
when	O
receiving	O
representatives	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
National	I-EVENT
Customs	I-EVENT
Directors	I-EVENT
Conference	I-EVENT
at	O
the	B-FAC
Great	I-FAC
Hall	I-FAC
Of	I-FAC
The	I-FAC
People	I-FAC
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
,	O
stressed	O
:	O
under	O
the	O
new	O
circumstances	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
a	O
socialist	O
market	O
economy	O
mechanism	O
is	O
continually	O
being	O
promoted	O
and	O
the	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
is	O
further	O
expanding	O
,	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
Customs	B-ORG
should	O
not	O
be	O
weakened	O
,	O
and	O
should	O
only	O
be	O
strengthened	O
.	O


The	O
work	O
of	O
Customs	B-ORG
should	O
make	O
more	O
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
national	O
finance	O
and	O
economy	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
speech	O
,	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
National	B-ORG
Customs	I-ORG
system	O
levied	O
taxes	O
pursuant	O
to	O
law	O
,	O
struck	O
at	O
smuggling	O
and	O
tax	O
fraud	O
,	O
overly	O
completed	O
quotas	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Taxation	I-ORG
Program	I-ORG
,	O
safeguarded	O
national	O
dignity	O
and	O
laws	O
and	O
disciplines	O
,	O
rearranged	O
the	O
order	O
of	O
economy	O
,	O
and	O
vigorously	O
supported	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
national	O
finance	O
and	O
economy	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
,	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
economic	O
situation	O
,	O
both	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
,	O
will	O
have	O
some	O
new	O
changes	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
lowering	O
tariffs	O
to	O
facilitate	O
imports	O
,	O
adopting	O
preferential	O
policies	O
to	O
encourage	O
foreign	O
investment	O
,	O
taking	O
certain	O
measures	O
to	O
encourage	O
exports	O
,	O
optimizing	O
export	O
structures	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


With	O
these	O
new	O
changes	O
,	O
the	O
tasks	O
of	O
Customs	B-ORG
with	O
regard	O
to	O
legally	O
levying	O
taxes	O
,	O
striking	O
at	O
smuggling	O
,	O
export	O
refunds	O
,	O
etc.	O
will	O
be	O
further	O
accentuated	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
hoped	O
that	O
all	O
cadres	O
and	O
employees	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
Customs	B-ORG
system	O
would	O
,	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
"	O
seeking	O
advancement	O
while	O
maintaining	O
stability	O
"	O
of	O
the	O
central	O
government	O
,	O
actively	O
adapt	O
themselves	O
to	O
the	O
changed	O
economic	O
and	O
market	O
situations	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
,	O
do	O
work	O
of	O
Customs	B-ORG
well	O
,	O
and	O
make	O
greater	O
contributions	O
to	O
national	O
economy	O
construction	O
and	O
finance	O
revenue	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
expressed	O
his	O
agreement	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
"	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
step	O
"	O
development	O
strategy	O
of	O
establishing	O
a	O
modern	O
Customs	B-ORG
system	O
put	O
forth	O
at	O
this	B-EVENT
Customs	I-EVENT
Directors	I-EVENT
Conference	I-EVENT
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Customs	B-ORG
was	O
an	O
important	O
department	O
for	O
external	O
communications	O
,	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
aligned	O
with	O
world	O
class	O
advanced	O
Customs	B-ORG
systems	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
socialist	O
market	O
economy	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
stressed	O
,	O
Customs	B-ORG
is	O
a	O
work	O
unit	O
that	O
manages	O
money	O
and	O
manages	O
materials	O
,	O
a	O
work	O
unit	O
that	O
executes	O
laws	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
then	O
requires	O
that	O
National	B-ORG
Customs	I-ORG
cadres	O
and	O
employees	O
should	O
improve	O
political	O
qualities	O
,	O
professional	O
qualities	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
level	O
of	O
professional	O
ethics	O
.	O


More	O
advanced	O
modern	O
supervision	O
means	O
should	O
be	O
generally	O
adopted	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
to	O
raise	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
national	O
Customs	B-ORG
to	O
a	O
new	O
level	O
.	O


Concerned	O
leading	O
officials	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
vice-Premier	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
Lanqing	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
,	O
State	B-ORG
Commissioner	O
Gan	B-PERSON
Luo	I-PERSON
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Guanlin	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
,	O
etc.	O
attended	O
the	O
reception	O
and	O
had	O
photos	O
taken	O
with	O
the	O
representatives	O
as	O
souvenirs	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
2nd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Liang	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON


In	O
1997	B-DATE
that	O
recently	O
passed	O
,	O
the	O
reform	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
State	B-ORG
owned	O
enterprises	O
was	O
further	O
enlarged	O
,	O
the	O
involved	O
scope	O
of	O
reform	O
widened	O
even	O
more	O
and	O
new	O
progress	O
was	O
made	O
in	O
some	O
important	O
fields	O
.	O


With	O
regard	O
to	O
experimental	O
surveys	O
of	O
the	O
modern	O
enterprise	O
system	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
2500	B-CARDINAL
experimental	O
enterprises	O
confirmed	O
by	O
every	O
region	O
and	O
department	O
,	O
1989	B-DATE
have	O
changed	O
systems	O
to	O
be	O
companies	O
,	O
of	O
this	O
amount	O
,	O
1080	B-CARDINAL
have	O
changed	O
systems	O
to	O
be	O
multi-share	O
holding	O
limited	O
liability	O
companies	O
or	O
limited	O
companies	O
.	O


In	O
these	O
experimental	O
enterprises	O
,	O
a	O
somewhat	O
more	O
standard	O
limited	O
liability	O
system	O
,	O
corporation	O
property	O
system	O
and	O
corporation	O
administering	O
structure	O
have	O
been	O
established	O
.	O


In	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
-	O
owned	O
enterprise	O
reform	O
was	O
enlarged	O
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
experimental	O
cities	O
involved	O
in	O
optimizing	O
capital	O
structure	O
increased	O
from	O
58	B-CARDINAL
to	O
111	B-CARDINAL
;	O
key	O
enterprises	O
on	O
which	O
the	O
state	O
placed	O
extra	O
emphasis	O
increased	O
from	O
300	B-CARDINAL
to	O
512	B-CARDINAL
and	O
experimental	O
surveys	O
of	O
the	O
enterprise	O
group	O
increased	O
from	O
57	B-CARDINAL
to	O
120	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
assets	O
and	O
sales	O
incomes	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
owned	O
enterprises	O
participating	O
in	O
three	B-CARDINAL
experimental	O
surveys	O
of	O
the	O
reform	O
accounted	O
for	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
70	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
all	O
State	B-ORG
owned	O
industries	O
.	O


By	O
listing	O
stocks	O
,	O
actual	O
money	O
raised	O
domestically	O
and	O
overseas	O
by	O
enterprises	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
reached	O
about	B-MONEY
130	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
and	O
the	O
State	B-ORG
gave	O
capital	O
support	O
through	O
partially	O
refunding	O
income	O
taxes	O
to	O
enterprises	O
that	O
undertook	O
State	B-ORG
owned	O
enterprise	O
reform	O
.	O


The	O
principle	O
of	O
"	O
invigorating	O
large	O
enterprises	O
while	O
relaxing	O
control	O
over	O
small	O
ones	O
"	O
has	O
been	O
strengthened	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
State	B-ORG
granted	O
policies	O
favoring	O
large	O
enterprises	O
and	O
groups	O
in	O
fields	O
such	O
as	O
self	O
-	O
run	O
business	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
rights	O
,	O
bank	O
loans	O
,	O
technical	O
transformation	O
,	O
technical	O
innovation	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
among	O
the	O
512	B-CARDINAL
key	O
enterprises	O
that	O
the	O
State	B-ORG
has	O
prioritized	O
,	O
over	O
120	B-ORG
issue	O
and	O
list	O
stocks	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
overseas	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
various	O
places	O
have	O
quickened	O
steps	O
of	O
relaxing	O
control	O
over	O
small	O
enterprises	O
.	O


The	O
scope	O
of	O
restructuring	O
small	O
enterprises	O
in	O
some	O
areas	O
has	O
reached	O
over	B-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
and	O
in	O
some	O
of	O
those	O
areas	O
have	O
exceeded	O
90	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
.	O


State	B-ORG
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
also	O
accelerated	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
mergers	O
and	O
bankruptcies	O
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
September	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
111	B-CARDINAL
experimental	O
cities	O
,	O
389	B-CARDINAL
State	B-ORG
owned	O
enterprises	O
were	O
bankrupted	O
and	O
ceased	O
business	O
,	O
with	O
total	O
assets	O
of	O
14.8	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


623	B-CARDINAL
enterprises	O
merged	O
,	O
with	O
total	O
assets	O
of	O
49.9	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
and	O
altogether	O
1.13	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
assigned	O
to	O
other	O
jobs	O
by	O
merging	O
,	O
bankruptcy	O
and	O
payroll	O
reductions	O
to	O
improve	O
efficiency	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
guarantee	O
the	O
smooth	O
progress	O
of	O
enterprise	O
reforms	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
various	O
places	O
and	O
various	O
concerned	O
parties	O
will	O
try	O
to	O
find	O
work	O
for	O
laid	O
-	O
off	O
workers	O
by	O
all	O
possible	O
means	O
and	O
help	O
laid	O
-	O
off	O
workers	O
be	O
re-employed	O
through	O
measures	O
such	O
as	O
,	O
new	O
job	O
training	O
,	O
creating	O
new	O
positions	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
2.45	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
were	O
re-employed	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Xisheng	B-PERSON
,	O
Zhou	B-PERSON


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
foreign	O
enterprises	O
of	O
great	O
strength	O
and	O
great	O
developmental	O
vision	O
have	O
entered	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
,	O
currently	O
,	O
foreign	O
enterprises	O
listed	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
have	O
reached	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
340	I-CARDINAL
,	O
tripling	O
the	O
figure	O
5	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
by	O
people	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
'90's	I-DATE
,	O
big	O
enterprises	O
entering	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
market	O
were	O
mainly	O
from	O
economically	O
developed	O
countries	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
but	O
things	O
have	O
changed	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
non-governmental	O
enterprises	O
from	O
countries	O
in	O
Central	B-LOC
and	I-LOC
South	I-LOC
America	I-LOC
,	O
such	O
as	O
Mexico	B-GPE
,	O
Argentina	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
that	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
to	O
enter	O
the	O
market	O
has	O
distinctly	O
increased	O
.	O


Powerful	O
enterprises	O
from	O
developing	O
countries	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
and	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
and	I-LOC
Eastern	I-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
,	O
including	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
are	O
beginning	O
to	O
be	O
listed	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
whose	O
enterprises	O
are	O
listed	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
is	O
almost	B-CARDINAL
50	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
were	O
61	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
enterprises	O
recently	O
listed	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
,	O
creating	O
the	O
highest	O
record	O
in	O
the	O
history	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
145	B-CARDINAL
types	O
of	O
stocks	O
were	O
recently	O
listed	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
,	O
of	O
which	O
42	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
were	O
issued	O
by	O
foreign	O
enterprises	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
reason	O
why	O
so	O
many	O
foreign	O
enterprises	O
are	O
listed	O
on	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
securities	O
exchange	O
market	O
is	O
the	O
continuous	O
and	O
steady	O
increase	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
economy	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
relatively	O
ideal	O
place	O
for	O
raising	O
capital	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
strict	O
management	O
and	O
regulated	O
operation	O
.	O


Statistics	O
show	O
that	O
,	O
capital	O
that	O
foreign	O
enterprises	O
raised	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
has	O
reached	O
60	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
since	O
1992	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
financial	O
experts	O
from	O
Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
warn	O
that	O
,	O
foreign	O
enterprises	O
entering	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
,	O
to	O
a	O
large	O
extent	O
,	O
means	O
that	O
these	O
enterprises	O
need	O
to	O
adopt	O
the	O
strict	O
operations	O
and	O
financial	O
management	O
methods	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


If	O
foreign	O
enterprises	O
still	O
lack	O
the	O
conditions	O
to	O
apply	O
these	O
methods	O
,	O
they	O
should	O
not	O
rush	O
blindly	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
market	O
,	O
lest	O
they	O
be	O
left	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
cold	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
14th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Zongming	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON


After	O
the	O
successful	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
soft	O
landing	O
"	O
,	O
the	O
rumbling	O
train	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
is	O
running	O
forward	O
smoothly	O
at	O
high	O
speed	O
.	O


"	O
Proper	O
,	O
quick	O
and	O
stable	O
"	O
growth	O
will	O
become	O
the	O
main	O
theme	O
of	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


Official	O
authorities	O
revealed	O
that	O
this	O
year	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
determined	O
that	O
the	O
economic	O
growth	O
rate	O
was	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
price	O
levels	O
will	O
be	O
controlled	O
within	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


This	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
whole	O
economic	O
operation	O
situation	O
will	O
maintain	O
a	O
healthy	O
pattern	O
of	O
"	O
high	O
growth	O
and	O
low	O
inflation	O
"	O
.	O


People	O
in	O
economic	O
circles	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
optimistic	O
about	O
the	O
economic	O
outlook	O
.	O


The	O
growth	O
rate	O
,	O
predicted	O
by	O
concerned	O
experts	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Statistical	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Social	I-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
mostly	O
1	B-PERCENT
to	I-PERCENT
2	I-PERCENT
percentage	I-PERCENT
points	I-PERCENT
higher	O
than	O
governmental	O
plans	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
relatively	O
large	O
extent	O
,	O
this	O
depends	O
on	O
aggregate	O
control	O
of	O
using	O
monetary	O
policy	O
as	O
a	O
primary	O
means	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
major	O
premises	O
of	O
general	O
tightening	O
,	O
how	O
financial	O
control	O
should	O
timely	O
and	O
reasonably	O
conduct	O
fine	O
tuning	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
financial	O
crisis	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
underestimated	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
the	O
keynote	O
of	O
a	O
moderately	O
tight	O
macro-economic	O
policy	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
changed	O
.	O


The	O
key	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
economy	O
is	O
not	O
striving	O
for	O
a	O
higher	O
growth	O
rate	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
adjusting	O
structures	O
and	O
increasing	O
benefits	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
make	O
macro	O
controls	O
which	O
were	O
implemented	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1993	I-DATE
obtain	O
greater	O
achievements	O
and	O
push	O
the	O
national	O
economy	O
onto	O
a	O
road	O
of	O
constant	O
,	O
rapid	O
and	O
healthy	O
development	O
.	O


Actually	O
,	O
as	O
main	O
obstacles	O
that	O
restrained	O
economic	O
growth	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
several	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
--	O
inflation	O
and	O
the	O
"	O
bottleneck	O
"	O
of	O
basic	O
industries	O
have	O
all	O
been	O
evidently	O
relieved	O
and	O
the	O
macro-economic	O
situation	O
tends	O
to	O
loosen	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
development	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
relatively	O
favorable	O
period	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
plans	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
effective	O
pulling	O
force	O
to	O
economic	O
growth	O
through	O
maintaining	O
a	O
moderate	O
and	O
stable	O
growth	O
of	O
investment	O
,	O
consumption	O
and	O
exports	O
.	O


Fixed	O
assets	O
investments	O
will	O
grow	O
by	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
total	O
volumes	O
of	O
retail	O
sales	O
of	O
social	O
consumer	O
products	O
by	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
export	O
growth	O
by	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
financial	O
deficit	O
will	O
be	O
reduced	O
by	O
10	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


After	O
bidding	O
farewell	O
to	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
"	O
the	O
shortage	O
economy	O
"	O
,	O
relations	O
between	O
commodity	O
's	O
supply	O
and	O
demand	O
have	O
changed	O
from	O
a	O
"	O
buyers	O
'	O
market	O
"	O
to	O
an	O
integrated	O
"	O
sellers	O
'	O
market	O
"	O
and	O
competition	O
will	O
be	O
intensified	O
.	O


Hence	O
,	O
activating	O
the	O
consumer	O
market	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
wide	O
rural	O
market	O
,	O
cultivating	O
consumer	O
hotspots	O
and	O
new	O
economic	O
growth	O
points	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
particularly	O
urgent	O
.	O


Along	O
with	O
comprehensively	O
implementing	O
hardship	O
relief	O
measures	O
taken	O
towards	O
large	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
State	B-ORG
owned	O
enterprises	O
,	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
State	B-ORG
owned	O
enterprise	O
reforms	O
will	O
be	O
accelerated	O
greatly	O
,	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
bankruptcies	O
,	O
mergers	O
and	O
assets	O
restructuring	O
will	O
be	O
strengthened	O
,	O
and	O
enterprise	O
deficits	O
are	O
estimated	O
to	O
decrease	O
by	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
competitive	O
large	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
State	B-ORG
owned	O
enterprises	O
will	O
gradually	O
form	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
worker	O
layoffs	O
that	O
will	O
accompany	O
this	O
will	O
cause	O
unemployment	O
pressure	O
to	O
gradually	O
increase	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
has	O
determined	O
to	O
appropriately	O
place	O
laid	O
-	O
off	O
workers	O
and	O
to	O
strive	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
unemployment	O
rate	O
to	O
within	O
3.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
through	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
scale	O
"	O
re-employment	O
"	O
project	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
estimates	O
,	O
after	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
row	I-DATE
of	O
bumper	O
harvests	O
,	O
if	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
measures	O
are	O
effective	O
,	O
agriculture	O
still	O
has	O
hope	O
of	O
achieving	O
a	O
good	O
harvest	O
.	O


Agriculture	O
's	O
increasing	O
production	O
and	O
peasants	O
'	O
increasing	O
revenues	O
will	O
create	O
favorable	O
conditions	O
for	O
inhibiting	O
commodity	O
prices	O
and	O
realizing	O
the	O
target	O
of	O
steady	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
dependence	O
on	O
the	O
outside	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
has	O
reached	O
42	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
the	O
space	O
of	O
utilizing	O
overseas	O
markets	O
and	O
resources	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
expanding	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
more	O
easily	O
subject	O
to	O
the	O
influences	O
of	O
the	O
international	O
environment	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
circumstances	O
of	O
a	O
relative	O
steady	O
domestic	O
demand	O
,	O
the	O
pulling	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
trend	O
of	O
foreign	O
trade	O
towards	O
economic	O
development	O
is	O
more	O
striking	O
.	O


Taking	O
all	O
factors	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
,	O
this	O
year	O
's	O
amount	O
of	O
foreign	O
trade	O
will	O
be	O
increased	O
steadily	O
,	O
the	O
import	O
will	O
be	O
increased	O
and	O
the	O
increasing	O
speed	O
of	O
the	O
export	O
will	O
be	O
somewhat	O
slowed	O
down	O
.	O


People	O
in	O
economic	O
circles	O
said	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
should	O
adopt	O
positive	O
and	O
steady	O
measures	O
to	O
solve	O
outstanding	O
problems	O
in	O
economic	O
operations	O
,	O
and	O
special	O
attention	O
should	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
clear	O
up	O
bad	O
assets	O
in	O
time	O
and	O
strengthen	O
financial	O
risk	O
prevention	O
.	O


Forecasting	O
the	B-DATE
Year	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
Tiger	I-DATE
,	O
although	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
train	O
will	O
have	O
ups	O
and	O
downs	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
adjusted	O
and	O
controlled	O
measures	O
are	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
and	O
appropriate	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
believed	O
that	O
the	O
train	O
will	O
move	O
steadily	O
along	O
the	O
preset	O
track	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
14th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yongjian	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON


Information	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
,	O
after	O
high	O
-	O
speed	O
development	O
in	O
previous	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
investment	O
attracting	O
has	O
entered	O
an	O
adjustment	O
period	O
.	O


Statistic	O
figures	O
show	O
that	O
,	O
from	O
January	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
number	O
and	O
contract	O
sum	O
of	O
recently	O
approved	O
foreign	O
investment	O
projects	O
decreased	O
by	O
15.39	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
33.52	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
respectively	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
average	O
foreign	O
investment	O
per	O
project	O
decreased	O
21.33	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
industrial	O
projects	O
in	O
recently	O
approved	O
projects	O
also	O
decreased	O
by	O
5.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Since	O
reform	O
and	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
promoting	O
attracting	O
foreign	O
investment	O
even	O
more	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
basic	O
national	O
policy	O
of	O
opening	O
up	O
,	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
have	O
been	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
when	O
foreign	O
merchants	O
'	O
investments	O
grew	O
fastest	O
,	O
and	O
foreign	O
investments	O
have	O
stepped	O
into	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
fields	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
national	O
economy	O
.	O


The	O
amount	O
of	O
foreign	O
investment	O
actually	O
utilized	O
by	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
increasing	O
in	O
successive	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
creating	O
an	O
historical	O
high	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
projects	O
with	O
particularly	O
intensified	O
technologies	O
and	O
funds	O
have	O
appeared	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
since	O
1994	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
1995	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
recently	O
approved	O
foreign	O
investment	O
projects	O
and	O
the	O
contract	O
sum	O
has	O
been	O
continually	O
decreasing	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
directly	O
affect	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
investment	O
attraction	O
growth	O
rate	O
in	O
the	O
period	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


Experts	O
concerned	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
,	O
after	O
high	O
-	O
speed	O
development	O
in	O
previous	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
decelerating	O
of	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
attracting	O
foreign	O
investment	O
was	O
normal	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
concerned	O
parties	O
announced	O
that	O
,	O
for	O
projects	O
that	O
had	O
foreign	O
invested	O
,	O
and	O
which	O
were	O
in	O
fields	O
encouraged	O
by	O
China	B-GPE
such	O
as	O
the	O
new	O
,	O
high	O
technology	O
industry	O
,	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
the	O
country	O
would	O
implement	O
certain	O
preferential	O
taxation	O
policies	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
estimates	O
,	O
these	O
policies	O
would	O
attract	O
more	O
foreign	O
companies	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
15th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yongjian	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON


China	B-GPE
's	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
trade	O
has	O
been	O
growing	O
for	O
15	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
row	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
is	O
beginning	O
to	O
become	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
big	O
countries	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
trade	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
flourishing	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
have	O
been	O
playing	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
reform	O
and	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
trade	O
is	O
developing	O
rapidly	O
,	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
was	O
up	O
from	O
20.6	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
1978	B-DATE
to	O
325	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
1997	B-DATE
.	O


Since	O
1983	B-DATE
,	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
trade	O
has	O
been	O
growing	O
constantly	O
and	O
the	O
momentum	O
has	O
not	O
changed	O
as	O
of	O
now	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
proportion	O
accounted	O
for	O
by	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
of	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
trade	O
has	O
been	O
rapidly	O
increasing	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
promoted	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
trade	O
.	O


In	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
of	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
amounted	O
to	O
137.1	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
3.13	B-CARDINAL
times	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
1992	B-DATE
with	O
an	O
average	O
annual	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
33.05	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
proportion	O
accounting	O
for	O
total	O
national	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
is	O
up	O
from	O
26.43	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1992	B-DATE
to	O
47.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
recently	I-DATE
past	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
trade	O
,	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
and	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
advanced	O
together	O
,	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
continue	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
leading	O
position	O
,	O
whereas	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
are	O
still	O
playing	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
.	O


The	O
intervention	O
of	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
has	O
increased	O
the	O
international	O
competitiveness	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
import	O
and	O
export	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
widened	O
trade	O
channels	O
.	O


Increasing	O
the	O
export	O
of	O
mechanical	O
and	O
electrical	O
products	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
strategic	O
goals	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
trade	O
,	O
to	O
which	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
that	O
were	O
established	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
have	O
made	O
great	O
contributions	O
.	O


In	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
among	O
products	O
exported	O
by	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
,	O
industrial	O
finished	O
products	O
accounted	O
for	O
95.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
of	O
which	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
mechanical	O
and	O
electrical	O
products	O
accounted	O
for	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
56	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
value	O
of	O
exported	O
mechanical	O
and	O
electrical	O
products	O
nationwide	O
.	O


The	O
proportion	O
had	O
another	O
increase	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
,	O
Jan.	B-DATE
15th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Pei	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON


The	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	O
Binggang	B-PERSON
Zhu	I-PERSON
,	O
said	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
in	O
a	O
seminar	O
held	O
in	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
,	O
that	O
not	O
only	O
would	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Petroleum	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
like	O
to	O
cooperate	O
with	O
foreign	O
companies	O
in	O
oil	O
exploration	O
and	O
development	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
also	O
like	O
to	O
implement	O
broad	O
international	O
cooperation	O
with	O
foreign	O
companies	O
in	O
downstream	O
product	O
utilization	O
projects	O
for	O
petroleum	O
and	O
natural	O
gas	O
.	O


Binggang	B-PERSON
Zhu	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
1993	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
issued	O
"	B-LAW
Rules	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
People	I-LAW
's	I-LAW
Republic	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
China	I-LAW
for	I-LAW
Foreign	I-LAW
Cooperation	I-LAW
in	I-LAW
Land	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
based	I-LAW
Oil	I-LAW
Exploration	I-LAW
"	I-LAW
.	O


Since	O
then	O
,	O
new	O
sections	O
and	O
chapters	O
on	O
land	O
-	O
based	O
foreign	O
cooperation	O
in	O
petroleum	O
and	O
natural	O
gas	O
have	O
begun	O
,	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
foreign	O
cooperation	O
in	O
petroleum	O
and	O
natural	O
gas	O
was	O
from	O
south	O
to	O
north	O
and	O
expanded	O
rapidly	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10	I-CARDINAL
old	O
oil	O
regions	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-LOC
Daqing	I-LOC
Oil	I-LOC
Field	I-LOC
,	O
the	B-LOC
Shengli	I-LOC
Oil	I-LOC
Field	I-LOC
and	O
the	B-LOC
Liaohe	I-LOC
Oil	I-LOC
Field	I-LOC
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
carved	O
out	O
parts	O
of	O
their	O
areas	O
into	O
zones	O
of	O
foreign	O
cooperation	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
increase	O
recovery	O
ratios	O
.	O


Up	O
to	O
now	O
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
land	O
-	O
based	O
foreign	O
invitationals	O
have	O
been	O
held	O
,	O
and	O
nearly	O
40	B-CARDINAL
contracts	O
were	O
signed	O
with	O
40	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
from	O
14	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Among	O
them	O
,	O
natural	O
gas	O
companies	O
in	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
and	O
Chongqi	B-GPE
regions	O
have	O
respectively	O
signed	O
with	O
US	B-GPE
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Texaco	B-ORG
,	O
Enron	B-ORG
,	O
Mobil	B-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
for	O
risk	O
exploration	O
contracts	O
in	O
the	O
Ya'an	B-GPE
and	O
Leshan	B-GPE
areas	O
;	O
contracts	O
for	O
improving	O
recovery	O
ratios	O
in	O
the	O
central	O
north	O
of	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
feasibility	O
joint	O
research	O
agreements	O
on	O
natural	O
gas	O
up	O
and	O
downstream	O
integrated	O
projects	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
Wenhuangduo	B-GPE
in	O
east	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
.	O


Binggang	B-PERSON
Zhu	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
,	O
cooperating	O
with	O
the	O
outside	O
to	O
explore	O
and	O
develop	O
petroleum	O
and	O
natural	O
gas	O
resources	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
strategic	O
decision	O
for	O
energy	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
a	O
correct	O
choice	O
that	O
was	O
made	O
after	O
fully	O
considering	O
the	O
national	O
situation	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
expand	O
cooperation	O
with	O
the	O
outside	O
and	O
attract	O
foreign	O
capital	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
regulations	O
,	O
rules	O
and	O
corresponding	O
preferential	O
policies	O
had	O
been	O
made	O
by	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
state	O
taxation	O
department	O
,	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
international	O
practice	O
and	O
by	O
drawing	O
on	O
the	O
experiences	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
oil	O
producing	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
was	O
continuously	O
revising	O
and	O
improving	O
the	O
policies	O
,	O
laws	O
and	O
regulations	O
on	O
the	O
taxation	O
of	O
cooperation	O
with	O
the	O
outside	O
in	O
exploring	O
and	O
developing	O
petroleum	O
,	O
initially	O
framing	O
a	O
tax	O
system	O
suite	O
for	O
the	O
cooperation	O
with	O
the	O
outside	O
on	O
exploring	O
and	O
developing	O
petroleum	O
and	O
natural	O
gas	O
,	O
which	O
exerted	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
attracting	O
foreign	O
merchant	O
's	O
investment	O
.	O


Binggang	B-PERSON
Zhu	I-PERSON
expressed	O
that	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
would	O
continue	O
to	O
expand	O
the	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
and	O
accelerate	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
cooperation	O
with	O
the	O
outside	O
.	O


By	O
further	O
increasing	O
cooperation	O
with	O
overseas	O
,	O
and	O
actively	O
introducing	O
foreign	O
capital	O
,	O
technology	O
and	O
management	O
experience	O
,	O
it	O
accelerated	O
the	O
development	O
and	O
utilization	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
limited	O
oil	O
and	O
natural	O
gas	O
resources	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
meet	O
the	O
developing	O
needs	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
national	O
economy	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Nanchang	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
16th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jing	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON


In	O
Nanchang	B-GPE
,	O
another	O
recently	O
built	O
international	O
container	O
terminal	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
for	O
operation	O
recently	O
,	O
thereby	O
further	O
improving	O
conditions	O
of	O
the	O
existing	O
external	O
passageway	O
of	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
,	O
an	O
inland	O
province	O
.	O


Near	O
the	O
container	O
dock	O
which	O
was	O
built	O
on	O
Ganjiang	B-GPE
port	O
,	O
units	O
such	O
as	O
Nanchang	B-GPE
Customs	B-ORG
,	O
provincial	O
sanitation	O
inspection	O
,	O
commodity	O
inspection	O
,	O
animal	O
and	O
plant	O
quarantine	O
,	O
etc.	O
established	O
the	O
"	O
freight	O
management	O
area	O
for	O
the	O
Nanchang	B-GPE
port	O
of	O
the	O
Nanchang	B-GPE
freight	O
port	O
"	O
.	O


The	O
local	O
officials	O
said	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
previous	O
situation	O
whereby	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
goods	O
of	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
had	O
to	O
be	O
re-shipped	O
through	O
the	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
port	O
and	O
the	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
port	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
sparse	O
packaging	O
will	O
be	O
changed	O
completely	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
5000	B-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
class	O
container	O
dock	O
had	O
already	O
been	O
built	O
in	O
Jiujiang	B-GPE
port	O
in	O
the	O
north	O
of	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Nanchang	B-GPE
port	O
became	O
another	O
"	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
sea	O
"	O
in	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
besides	O
the	O
Jiujiang	B-GPE
port	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
by	O
responsible	O
officials	O
of	O
this	O
port	O
,	O
the	O
international	O
container	O
terminal	O
of	O
Jiujiang	B-GPE
port	O
to	O
the	O
north	O
of	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
had	O
an	O
area	O
of	O
over	B-QUANTITY
4700	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
,	O
and	O
128	B-CARDINAL
standard	O
containers	O
can	O
be	O
hoisted	O
each	O
day	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
annual	O
handling	O
capacity	O
of	O
about	O
30,000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


It	O
ended	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
Nanchang	B-GPE
port	O
not	O
loading	O
or	O
unloading	O
international	O
containers	O
.	O


Persons	O
concerned	O
analyzed	O
that	O
,	O
accelerating	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
ports	O
handling	O
river	O
cargo	O
was	O
another	O
symbol	O
of	O
the	O
further	O
improvement	O
of	O
location	O
advantages	O
in	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
after	O
the	B-FAC
Beijing	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Kowloon	I-FAC
railroad	I-FAC
opened	O
up	O
to	O
traffic	O
.	O


The	O
third	B-ORDINAL
main	O
artery	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
connecting	O
the	O
south	O
and	O
the	O
north	O
,	O
the	B-FAC
Beijing	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Kowloon	I-FAC
railroad	I-FAC
,	O
was	O
completed	O
successfully	O
in	O
1995	B-DATE
.	O


Jiangxi	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
one	B-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
route	O
passes	O
through	O
,	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
province	O
that	O
has	O
benefited	O
the	O
most	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
five	B-CARDINAL
train	O
lines	O
namely	O
the	B-FAC
Zhejiang	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Jiangxi	I-FAC
,	O
the	B-FAC
Yingtan	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Xiamen	I-FAC
,	O
the	B-FAC
Anhui	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Jiangxi	I-FAC
,	O
the	B-FAC
Beijing	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Kowloon	I-FAC
and	O
the	B-FAC
Wuhan	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Jiujiang	I-FAC
,	O
and	O
eleven	B-CARDINAL
train	O
lines	O
crisscross	O
across	O
the	O
province	O
.	O


Nanchang	B-GPE
has	O
emerged	O
from	O
a	O
closed	O
land	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
new	O
inland	O
traffic	O
center	O
.	O


Constructing	O
international	O
container	O
ports	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
inevitable	O
trend	O
of	O
economy	O
development	O
.	O


The	O
media	O
reported	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
coastal	O
region	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
international	O
container	O
docks	O
in	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
places	O
namely	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
,	O
Zhejiang	B-GPE
and	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
alone	O
,	O
had	O
already	O
reached	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
twenty	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Many	O
inland	O
provinces	O
,	O
including	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
,	O
are	O
all	O
further	O
improving	O
investment	O
conditions	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
improve	O
2400	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
of	O
inland	O
river	O
routes	O
and	O
build	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
160	I-CARDINAL
new	O
berthing	O
points	O
,	O
including	O
container	O
docks	O
.	O


Shengyou	B-PERSON
Shu	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
governor	O
of	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
,	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
In	O
the	B-DATE
recently	I-DATE
ended	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
total	O
value	O
of	O
commodity	O
exports	O
was	O
1.6	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
every	O
effort	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
to	O
breakthrough	O
the	O
figure	O
of	O
1.8	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
"	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
16th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yongjian	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON


Among	O
the	O
500	B-CARDINAL
largest	O
multinationals	O
in	O
the	O
manufacturing	O
industry	O
,	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
300	I-CARDINAL
have	O
invested	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
successively	O
.	O


Multinationals	O
are	O
the	O
main	O
engine	O
of	O
world	O
economic	O
growth	O
,	O
especially	O
international	O
investment	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
several	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
multinationals	O
have	O
engaged	O
in	O
and	O
controlled	O
1/3	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
gross	O
product	O
,	O
2/3	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
world	O
trade	O
,	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
direct	O
investment	O
,	O
and	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
technology	O
transfer	O
and	O
the	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
civilian	O
technology	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
constant	O
deepening	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
and	O
the	O
improvement	O
of	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
,	O
quite	O
a	O
few	O
multinationals	O
have	O
made	O
China	B-GPE
their	O
key	O
overseas	O
investment	O
region	O
,	O
and	O
laid	O
down	O
investment	O
strategies	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Some	O
multinationals	O
have	O
or	O
are	O
studying	O
to	O
move	O
their	O
regional	O
headquarters	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Tianjin	B-GPE
regards	O
attracting	O
investment	O
from	O
multinationals	O
as	O
a	O
basic	O
strategy	O
of	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
investment	O
.	O


Up	O
to	O
now	O
,	O
195	B-CARDINAL
multinationals	O
have	O
invested	O
here	O
with	O
299	B-CARDINAL
investment	O
projects	O
.	O


Among	O
the	O
30	B-CARDINAL
largest	O
enterprises	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
13	B-CARDINAL
have	O
invested	O
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
16	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Pei	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


An	O
official	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Petroleum	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Natural	I-ORG
Gas	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	O
when	O
being	O
interviewed	O
recently	O
by	O
a	O
reporter	O
from	O
this	O
news	O
agency	O
,	O
said	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
further	O
accelerate	O
prospecting	O
and	O
development	O
natural	O
gas	O
resources	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Sichuan	I-LOC
Basin	I-LOC
to	O
increase	O
backup	O
reserves	O
and	O
output	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
preparing	O
to	O
fully	O
utilize	O
natural	O
gas	O
resources	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
natural	O
gas	O
and	O
chemical	O
industry	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
the	O
natural	O
gas	O
resources	O
found	O
along	O
the	O
upper	O
and	O
middle	O
reaches	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
are	O
mainly	O
distributed	O
in	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
the	B-GPE
Chongqing	I-GPE
Municipality	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
northwestern	O
area	O
of	O
Hubei	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
among	O
which	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
Chongqing	I-GPE
Municipality	I-GPE
's	O
natural	O
gas	O
resources	O
are	O
the	O
richest	O
.	O


Oil	O
exploration	O
area	O
has	O
reached	O
180,000	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
resource	O
magnitude	O
of	O
7	B-QUANTITY
trillion	I-QUANTITY
cubic	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
totally	O
explored	O
reserves	O
were	O
510	B-QUANTITY
billion	I-QUANTITY
cubic	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
,	O
among	O
which	O
the	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
area	O
had	O
260	B-QUANTITY
billion	I-QUANTITY
cubic	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
,	O
and	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
86	B-CARDINAL
gas	O
fields	O
were	O
achieved	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
paying	O
close	O
attention	O
to	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
natural	O
gas	O
industry	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
drafted	O
a	O
development	O
strategy	O
for	O
the	O
land	O
-	O
based	O
petroleum	O
industry	O
of	O
"	O
stabilizing	O
the	O
east	O
,	O
developing	O
the	O
west	O
,	O
and	O
increasing	O
oil	O
and	O
gas	O
"	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-LOC
Sichuan	I-LOC
Basin	I-LOC
alone	O
,	O
the	O
richest	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
three	B-CARDINAL
great	O
land	O
-	O
based	O
natural	O
gas	O
reserves	O
,	O
an	O
accumulated	O
amount	O
of	O
163.3	B-QUANTITY
billion	I-QUANTITY
cubic	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
of	O
natural	O
gas	O
has	O
been	O
produced	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
40	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
odd	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
production	O
has	O
basically	O
satisfied	O
the	O
needs	O
for	O
household	O
fuels	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
large	O
and	O
middle	O
-	O
sized	O
cities	O
such	O
as	O
Chengdu	B-GPE
,	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
and	O
has	O
resulted	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
vinylon	O
production	O
line	O
with	O
natural	O
gas	O
as	O
its	O
raw	O
material	O
-	O
the	B-ORG
Sichuan	I-ORG
Vinylon	I-ORG
Factory	I-ORG
.	O


Natural	O
gas	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
raw	O
material	O
resource	O
for	O
energy	O
and	O
chemicals	O
in	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
Municipality	I-GPE
and	O
areas	O
of	O
Southwest	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
.	O


During	O
the	O
"	O
ninth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	O
plan	O
"	O
period	O
-LRB-	O
1996	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Sichuan	B-LOC
Basin	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
natural	O
gas	O
annual	O
production	O
capacity	O
will	O
reach	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
10	I-QUANTITY
billion	I-QUANTITY
cubic	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
,	O
among	O
which	O
5	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
will	O
be	O
from	O
the	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
region	O
.	O


Recently	O
added	O
natural	O
gas	O
of	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
3	I-QUANTITY
billion	I-QUANTITY
cubic	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
will	O
be	O
mainly	O
in	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
.	O


Administrator	O
Binggang	B-PERSON
Zhu	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
Petroleum	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Natural	I-ORG
Gas	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
will	O
utilize	O
this	O
recently	O
added	O
capacity	O
to	O
develop	O
natural	O
gas	O
chemical	O
industry	O
in	O
the	O
recently	O
approved	O
municipality	O
of	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
which	O
has	O
a	O
solid	O
industry	O
foundation	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
Petroleum	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Natural	I-ORG
Gas	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
will	O
build	O
a	O
new	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
fertilizer	O
factory	O
in	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
with	O
an	O
annual	O
production	O
scale	O
of	O
450,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
synthetic	O
ammonia	O
and	O
800,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
urea	O
at	O
an	O
annual	O
gas	O
consumption	O
of	O
500	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
cubic	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
.	O


The	O
total	O
investment	O
is	O
3.82	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
among	O
which	O
1	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
is	O
self	O
-	O
raised	O
capital	O
.	O


The	O
construction	O
period	O
is	O
3	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
4	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Relevant	O
experts	O
believe	O
that	O
this	O
project	O
is	O
very	O
advantageous	O
no	O
matter	O
whether	O
you	O
are	O
talking	O
about	O
market	O
demand	O
for	O
fertilizer	O
in	O
the	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
area	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
reasonable	O
utilization	O
of	O
natural	O
gas	O
resources	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
economic	O
benefits	O
of	O
enterprises	O
are	O
concerned	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
this	O
corporation	O
is	O
also	O
planning	O
to	O
construct	O
an	O
ethylene	O
factory	O
with	O
natural	O
gas	O
as	O
its	O
raw	O
material	O
through	O
co-operating	O
with	O
foreign	O
companies	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
annually	O
produce	O
300,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
ethylene	O
.	O


This	O
project	O
has	O
invested	O
around	B-MONEY
6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
upon	O
completion	O
,	O
will	O
change	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
transferring	O
almost	O
all	O
the	O
needed	O
chemical	O
raw	O
materials	O
from	O
other	O
places	O
to	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
and	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
.	O


Binggang	B-PERSON
Zhu	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
during	O
the	O
"	O
ninth	B-ORDINAL
five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	O
plan	O
"	O
period	O
,	O
the	O
total	O
investment	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
Petroleum	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Natural	I-ORG
Gas	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
in	O
oil	O
and	O
gas	O
prospecting	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
upper	O
reaches	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
will	O
reach	O
10	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
.	O


After	O
approval	O
of	O
the	O
natural	O
gas	O
chemical	O
industry	O
project	O
,	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
will	O
be	O
further	O
invested	O
in	O
construction	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
more	O
than	O
the	O
sum	O
invested	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
40	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
while	O
the	O
gas	O
consumption	O
of	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
and	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
Municipality	I-GPE
is	O
guaranteed	O
,	O
the	O
project	O
also	O
takes	O
into	O
consideration	O
the	O
co-ordination	O
with	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
has	O
attracted	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
attention	O
.	O


It	O
can	O
transport	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
gas	O
commodity	O
to	O
other	O
provinces	O
and	O
cities	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
gradually	O
connect	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
other	O
natural	O
gas	O
pipes	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
national	O
natural	O
gas	O
pipe	O
network	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
16th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Ye	B-PERSON
Yuan	I-PERSON


China	B-GPE
's	O
pharmaceutical	O
enterprises	O
,	O
which	O
mainly	O
produce	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
medicines	O
used	O
as	O
raw	O
materials	O
and	O
imitate	O
foreign	O
chemical	O
medicines	O
over	O
a	O
long	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
will	O
accelerate	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
medicines	O
and	O
technologies	O
with	O
their	O
own	O
intellectual	O
property	O
rights	O
.	O


An	O
official	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Pharmaceutical	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
,	O
starting	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
financial	O
aid	O
for	O
the	O
research	O
of	O
innovative	O
medicines	O
will	O
be	O
further	O
increased	O
,	O
and	O
State	B-ORG
-	O
owned	O
funds	O
would	O
give	O
investment	O
priority	O
to	O
the	O
fields	O
of	O
high	O
technology	O
and	O
innovated	O
medical	O
products	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Pharmaceutical	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
will	O
evaluate	O
and	O
decide	O
the	O
top	O
50	B-CARDINAL
enterprises	O
in	O
the	O
pharmaceutical	O
industry	O
according	O
to	O
new	O
criteria	O
.	O


Total	O
annual	O
sales	O
revenue	O
is	O
predicted	O
to	O
be	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
60	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
whole	O
country	O
's	O
medicine	O
sales	O
revenue	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
3	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
each	O
enterprise	O
's	O
annual	O
sales	O
revenue	O
will	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
medicines	O
.	O


This	O
official	O
said	O
that	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
State	B-ORG
should	O
also	O
guide	O
foreign	O
capital	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
new	O
technologies	O
,	O
new	O
products	O
and	O
medicine	O
projects	O
in	O
the	O
Midwest	B-LOC
area	O
,	O
to	O
give	O
impetus	O
to	O
national	O
medicine	O
enterprises	O
to	O
improve	O
products	O
'	O
technical	O
content	O
and	O
enhance	O
competitiveness	O
in	O
the	O
international	O
market	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
now	O
has	O
about	O
3,500	B-CARDINAL
pharmaceutical	O
enterprises	O
,	O
which	O
produce	O
1,350	B-CARDINAL
kinds	O
of	O
medicines	O
used	O
as	O
raw	O
materials	O
and	O
4,000	B-CARDINAL
kinds	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
herbal	O
medicines	O
each	O
year	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
producing	O
and	O
exporting	O
country	O
of	O
medicines	O
used	O
as	O
raw	O
materials	O
,	O
second	B-ORDINAL
only	O
to	O
America	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
due	O
to	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
content	O
being	O
low	O
,	O
the	O
product	O
's	O
sales	O
price	O
on	O
the	O
international	O
market	O
is	O
20	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
lower	O
than	O
the	O
normal	O
price	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
only	O
return	O
more	O
than	O
1	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
foreign	O
currency	O
each	O
year	O
.	O


While	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
importing	O
pharmaceutical	O
preparations	O
alone	O
consumed	O
funds	O
surpassing	O
1.1	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Now	O
,	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
there	O
are	O
less	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
3,000	I-CARDINAL
full	O
time	O
personnel	O
engaging	O
in	O
the	O
research	O
of	O
innovated	O
medicines	O
,	O
only	O
corresponding	O
to	O
personnel	O
on	O
the	O
regular	O
payroll	O
of	O
the	O
research	O
department	O
of	O
Merck	B-ORG
Pharmaceutical	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


Experts	O
urge	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
pharmaceutical	O
industry	O
should	O
change	O
methods	O
of	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
medicines	O
used	O
as	O
raw	O
materials	O
,	O
while	O
paying	O
less	O
attention	O
to	O
development	O
of	O
preparations	O
,	O
and	O
catching	O
up	O
with	O
development	O
trends	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
pharmaceutical	O
industry	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
learned	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
national	O
project	O
of	O
new	O
medicines	O
and	O
industrialized	O
development	O
,	O
jointly	O
promoted	O
by	O
departments	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Pharmaceutical	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
is	O
now	O
being	O
implemented	O
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
new	O
patent	O
protected	O
medicines	O
are	O
planned	O
to	O
be	O
developed	O
and	O
five	B-CARDINAL
new	O
medicine	O
selecting	O
centers	O
,	O
five	B-CARDINAL
medication	O
safety	O
assessing	O
centers	O
and	O
five	B-CARDINAL
medication	O
clinic	O
experimentation	O
centers	O
will	O
be	O
built	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
16	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Wenxin	B-PERSON
Fan	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Kazuo	B-PERSON
Nakamura	I-PERSON
,	O
Director	O
of	O
Research	O
at	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Dai	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Ichi	I-ORG
Kangyo	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
here	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
the	O
real	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
will	O
be	O
about	B-PERCENT
3	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Kazuo	B-PERSON
Nakamura	I-PERSON
,	O
at	O
a	O
public	O
lecture	O
jointly	O
organized	O
by	O
Beijing	B-GPE
's	O
Wu	B-ORG
Jia	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Consulting	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Dai	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Ichi	I-ORG
Kangyo	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
made	O
a	O
report	O
concerning	O
the	B-DATE
new	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
world	O
economic	O
and	O
financial	O
situation	O
.	O


After	O
he	O
reviewed	O
the	O
world	O
economic	O
and	O
financial	O
situation	O
of	O
'97	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
economic	O
growth	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
including	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
further	O
slowing	O
down	O
,	O
the	O
economic	O
growth	O
of	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
even	O
though	O
its	O
current	O
economic	O
activity	O
is	O
relatively	O
good	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
other	O
countries	O
will	O
also	O
feel	O
a	O
very	O
large	O
effect	O
.	O


Compared	O
with	O
the	O
rapid	O
growth	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
has	O
entered	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
adjustment	O
.	O


He	O
forecast	O
that	O
the	O
real	O
growth	O
rate	O
for	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
this	O
year	O
would	O
fall	O
from	O
the	B-PERCENT
3.9	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
'97	B-DATE
down	O
to	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Nakamura	B-PERSON
thought	O
that	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
economic	O
growth	O
of	O
Asia	B-LOC
's	O
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
,	O
with	O
Korea	B-GPE
and	O
Thailand	B-GPE
being	O
the	O
most	O
prominent	O
,	O
would	O
slide	O
downward	O
to	O
a	O
large	O
extent	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
for	O
these	O
countries	O
the	O
currencies	O
already	O
have	O
devalued	O
to	O
a	O
great	O
degree	O
,	O
exports	O
have	O
recovered	O
,	O
and	O
imports	O
could	O
decrease	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
expected	O
that	O
their	O
economies	O
would	O
slip	O
downward	O
to	O
the	O
lowest	O
point	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
estimated	O
that	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
economic	O
growth	O
in	O
ASEAN	B-ORG
would	O
be	O
about	B-PERCENT
4.5	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
.	O


Nakamura	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
economy	O
exhibited	O
negative	O
growth	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
'97	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
that	O
in	O
'98	B-DATE
,	O
if	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
adopt	O
good	O
economic	O
policies	O
,	O
the	O
economy	O
would	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
negative	O
growth	O
.	O


He	O
estimated	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
negative	B-PERCENT
0.5	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
,	O
plus	O
or	O
minus	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
further	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
growth	O
would	O
also	O
slow	O
in	O
speed	O
,	O
feeling	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
economies	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
Asia	B-LOC
being	O
depressed	O
and	O
of	O
the	O
devaluation	O
of	O
these	O
countries	O
'	O
currencies	O
.	O


But	O
because	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
usual	O
income	O
and	O
expenditures	O
show	O
a	O
favorable	O
balance	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
addition	O
it	O
has	O
over	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
reserves	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
likely	O
to	O
sink	O
into	O
the	O
crisis	O
like	O
the	O
other	O
Asian	B-NORP
nations	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
16th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Xingtang	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON
and	O
Yuhong	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON


The	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
,	O
Xianglong	B-PERSON
Dai	I-PERSON
said	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
would	O
continue	O
to	O
implement	O
financial	O
policies	O
open	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
.	O


Xianglong	B-PERSON
Dai	I-PERSON
emphasized	O
at	O
the	O
national	O
and	O
foreign	O
reporter	O
news	O
press	O
conference	O
held	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
would	O
not	O
give	O
up	O
on	O
financial	O
policies	O
open	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
because	O
of	O
financial	O
turmoil	O
occurring	O
in	O
some	O
countries	O
in	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
another	O
group	O
of	O
foreign	O
banks	O
and	O
insurance	O
companies	O
had	O
established	O
branch	O
institutions	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
that	O
by	O
year	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
business	O
oriented	O
financial	O
institutions	O
established	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
with	O
foreign	O
capital	O
had	O
reached	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
170	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Henceforth	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
branch	O
institutions	O
of	O
foreign	O
banks	O
and	O
insurance	O
companies	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
would	O
also	O
suitably	O
increase	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
would	O
also	O
prepare	O
to	O
expand	O
experimentation	O
of	O
foreign	O
banks	O
handling	O
RMB	O
business	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
he	O
also	O
emphasized	O
that	O
,	O
henceforth	O
,	O
more	O
careful	O
management	O
of	O
conditions	O
of	O
foreign	O
financial	O
institutions	O
'	O
applications	O
to	O
operate	O
business	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
qualifications	O
of	O
senior	O
staff	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
legality	O
of	O
their	O
businesses	O
would	O
be	O
implemented	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
as	O
there	O
never	O
was	O
a	O
schedule	O
for	O
exchangeability	O
under	O
RMB	O
capital	O
projects	O
,	O
therefore	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
delaying	O
the	O
process	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
Southeast	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
financial	O
crisis	O
does	O
not	O
exist	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
opening	O
up	O
capital	O
projects	O
,	O
the	O
lessons	O
learned	O
from	O
the	O
financial	O
crisis	O
in	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
will	O
be	O
assimilated	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
more	O
careful	O
attitude	O
will	O
be	O
adopted	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Xiamen	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
16th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yingrui	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON


Two	B-CARDINAL
convenience	O
supermarkets	O
named	O
"	B-ORG
Bei	I-ORG
Shun	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
started	O
operation	O
here	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


It	O
signified	O
the	O
formal	O
launch	O
of	O
Xiamen	B-GPE
's	O
Flamply	B-ORG
Supermarket	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
of	O
which	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
's	O
large	O
scale	O
multi-national	O
group	O
Betwons	B-ORG
Company	I-ORG
owns	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
shares	O
.	O


Xiamen	B-GPE
Flamply	B-ORG
supermarkets	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
is	O
Fujian	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
first	B-ORDINAL
retail	O
industry	O
domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
joint	O
-	O
venture	O
corporation	O
with	O
trilateral	O
co-operation	O
between	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
's	O
Betwons	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Industrial	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
and	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Xiamen	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Supply	I-ORG
Headquarters	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
Philippines	B-GPE
'	O
Feilibeiqiu	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
agreement	O
,	O
the	O
total	O
investment	O
value	O
of	O
this	O
project	O
is	O
about	B-MONEY
26	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
investment	O
is	O
10	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
to	O
launch	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
demonstration	O
convenience	O
chain	O
stores	O
and	O
a	O
modernized	O
distribution	O
center	O
,	O
then	O
successively	O
develop	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
300	B-CARDINAL
convenience	O
chain	O
stores	O
in	O
9	B-CARDINAL
areas	O
and	O
cities	O
in	O
Fujian	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
expanding	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


These	O
stores	O
will	O
generally	O
be	O
in	O
densely	O
populated	O
districts	O
;	O
the	O
scale	O
is	O
about	O
400	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
,	O
operating	O
daily	O
provisions	O
,	O
main	O
and	O
supplementary	O
foodstuffs	O
that	O
are	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
citizens	O
'	O
life	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
's	O
Betwons	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Industrial	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
multi-national	O
food	O
company	O
with	O
annual	O
sales	O
value	O
exceeding	O
2.1	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
retail	O
industry	O
's	O
pace	O
of	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
is	O
comparatively	O
cautious	O
,	O
currently	O
only	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
Qingdao	B-GPE
,	O
Dalian	B-GPE
,	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
,	O
Wuhan	B-GPE
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
successively	O
implemented	O
experiments	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
's	O
Betwons	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
's	O
chain	O
store	O
development	O
project	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
relative	O
large	O
move	O
involving	O
foreign	O
funds	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
retail	O
industry	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
16th	I-DATE


According	O
to	O
what	O
papers	O
here	O
reported	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
16th	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
latest	O
report	O
of	O
the	O
crude	O
oil	O
market	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Energy	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
,	O
with	O
headquarters	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
that	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
Asia	B-LOC
's	O
financial	O
crisis	O
,	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
worldwide	O
demand	O
for	O
crude	O
oil	O
would	O
significantly	O
decrease	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
said	O
that	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
decrease	O
in	O
demand	O
from	O
Asian	B-NORP
countries	O
where	O
financial	O
crises	O
took	O
place	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
predicted	O
that	O
,	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
daily	O
average	O
worldwide	O
demand	O
for	O
crude	O
oil	O
would	O
be	O
75.34	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
barrels	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
decrease	O
of	O
280,000	B-CARDINAL
barrels	O
over	O
the	O
estimated	O
daily	O
average	O
consumption	O
of	O
that	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
is	O
predicted	O
that	O
the	O
demand	O
for	O
crude	O
oil	O
in	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
market	O
,	O
excluding	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
would	O
decrease	O
by	O
230,000	B-CARDINAL
barrels	O
over	O
the	O
previously	O
estimated	O
daily	O
average	O
of	O
9.39	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
barrels	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
said	O
that	O
,	O
this	O
institute	O
had	O
changed	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
global	O
demand	O
for	O
crude	O
oil	O
from	O
a	O
previously	O
estimated	O
2.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
2.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
decreasing	O
1.6	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
barrels	O
over	O
the	O
earliest	O
predicted	O
daily	O
average	O
demand	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
economic	O
situation	O
deteriorates	O
or	O
the	O
outside	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
financial	O
crisis	O
becomes	O
larger	O
,	O
the	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
worldwide	O
demand	O
for	O
crude	O
oil	O
may	O
possibly	O
further	O
decrease	O
.	O


In	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
worldwide	O
demand	O
for	O
crude	O
oil	O
increased	O
by	O
almost	B-PERCENT
3	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Wuhan	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
17th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Hui	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON


Wuhan	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
Hubei	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
,	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
interior	O
,	O
will	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
put	O
emphasis	O
on	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
capital	O
in	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
industry	O
,	O
basic	O
industries	O
,	O
infrastructure	O
construction	O
,	O
agricultural	O
development	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Shouhai	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
mayor	O
of	O
Wuhan	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
to	O
reporters	O
recently	O
that	O
foreign	O
merchants	O
investing	O
in	O
the	O
reconstruction	O
of	O
old	O
cities	O
and	O
residential	O
housing	O
construction	O
will	O
receive	O
preferential	O
policies	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
encourage	O
foreign	O
merchants	O
to	O
trustee	O
large	O
-	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
State	B-ORG
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
Wuhan	B-GPE
will	O
further	O
improve	O
the	O
investing	O
environment	O
.	O


Among	O
which	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Wuhan	I-ORG
Tianhe	I-ORG
Airport	I-ORG
has	O
obtained	O
permission	O
to	O
open	O
up	O
to	O
foreign	O
registered	O
aircraft	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
appointed	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
hinge	O
of	O
air	O
transportation	O
in	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O


The	O
third	B-ORDINAL
bridge	O
over	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
Rive	I-LOC
has	O
also	O
started	O
construction	O
.	O


The	O
telephone	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
has	O
now	O
already	O
reached	O
1.8	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
handsets	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
17	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Jianchang	B-PERSON
Su	I-PERSON
and	O
intern	O
Suhong	B-PERSON
Ge	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


Shuzu	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
Of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Relations	I-ORG
And	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Tianjin	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
recently	O
that	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
would	O
strengthen	O
administrating	O
by	O
law	O
and	O
guarantee	O
foreign	O
investment	O
enterprises	O
to	O
normally	O
conduct	O
production	O
and	O
operation	O
activities	O
.	O


Tianjin	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
largest	O
coastal	O
city	O
of	O
northern	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
is	O
ranked	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
in	O
making	O
use	O
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
among	O
all	O
large	O
cities	O
in	O
northern	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
11,000	I-CARDINAL
foreign	O
funded	O
enterprises	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
over	B-CARDINAL
3,000	I-CARDINAL
have	O
started	O
operations	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
foreign	O
funded	O
enterprises	O
,	O
various	O
kinds	O
of	O
financial	O
disputes	O
also	O
emerge	O
continuously	O
.	O


Hence	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Economy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Tianjin	I-ORG
has	O
asked	O
every	O
department	O
concerned	O
to	O
insist	O
on	O
dealing	O
with	O
enterprise	O
disputes	O
by	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
improving	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
service	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
dispute	O
cases	O
involving	O
foreign	O
investment	O
enterprises	O
accepted	O
by	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
went	O
down	O
by	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
rate	O
of	O
resolving	O
cases	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
reached	O
97	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
up	O
by	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
dispute	O
litigants	O
'	O
degree	O
of	O
satisfaction	O
with	O
agreement	O
results	O
reached	O
96	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
will	O
continue	O
to	O
establish	O
and	O
complete	O
relevant	O
local	O
regulations	O
and	O
rules	O
for	O
foreign	O
investment	O
enterprises	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
production	O
and	O
operation	O
of	O
foreign	O
investment	O
enterprises	O
have	O
laws	O
to	O
rely	O
on	O
.	O


Up	O
to	O
now	O
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
government	O
have	O
already	O
drafted	O
over	B-CARDINAL
thirty	I-CARDINAL
local	O
regulations	O
and	O
rules	O
concerning	O
foreign	O
investment	O
,	O
to	O
guide	O
foreign	O
companies	O
in	O
investment	O
,	O
to	O
strengthen	O
management	O
and	O
service	O
to	O
foreign	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
protect	O
legitimate	O
rights	O
and	O
interests	O
of	O
domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
investors	O
and	O
employees	O
.	O


The	O
foreign	O
investment	O
management	O
departments	O
and	O
justice	O
organizations	O
insist	O
on	O
administrating	O
according	O
to	O
law	O
and	O
handling	O
cases	O
according	O
to	O
law	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
effectively	O
protected	O
rights	O
and	O
interests	O
of	O
each	O
party	O
.	O


Shuzu	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
foreign	O
investment	O
enterprises	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
implemented	O
even	O
more	O
through	O
laws	O
and	O
regulations	O
.	O


Within	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
all	O
levels	O
of	O
foreign	O
investment	O
enterprise	O
management	O
departments	O
were	O
administered	O
according	O
to	O
law	O
,	O
listened	O
to	O
foreign	O
merchants	O
opinions	O
numerous	O
times	O
,	O
and	O
implemented	O
a	O
clean	O
up	O
of	O
the	O
phenomenon	O
of	O
illegal	O
charges	O
by	O
some	O
administrative	O
departments	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
they	O
strengthened	O
the	O
supervision	O
and	O
management	O
work	O
of	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
contracts	O
by	O
foreign	O
investment	O
enterprises	O
,	O
supervised	O
and	O
urged	O
enterprises	O
to	O
conscientiously	O
perform	O
rights	O
and	O
responsibilities	O
stipulated	O
by	O
contracts	O
,	O
implemented	O
criticism	O
and	O
education	O
for	O
enterprises	O
which	O
breached	O
contracts	O
and	O
gave	O
time	O
limits	O
to	O
amend	O
,	O
and	O
investigated	O
and	O
dealt	O
with	O
those	O
which	O
operate	O
illegally	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
carried	O
out	O
a	O
united	O
annual	O
inspection	O
of	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
8,000	I-CARDINAL
of	O
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
capital	O
enterprises	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Fuzhou	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Ting	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
economy	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
southern	O
Fujian	B-GPE
delta	O
region	O
has	O
been	O
growing	O
rapidly	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
having	O
ascended	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
most	O
active	O
economic	O
regions	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
this	O
region	O
's	O
economic	O
development	O
continues	O
to	O
maintain	O
growth	O
stamina	O
.	O


The	O
southern	O
Fujian	B-GPE
delta	O
region	O
refers	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Xiamen	I-ORG
Special	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Zone	I-ORG
,	O
Quanzhou	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Zhangzhou	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
region	O
is	O
a	O
famous	O
hometown	O
of	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
.	O


The	B-ORG
Xiamen	I-ORG
Special	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Zone	I-ORG
is	O
the	O
dragon	O
's	O
head	O
area	O
in	O
southern	O
Fujian	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
this	O
city	O
has	O
already	O
entered	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
the	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
strongest	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
large	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
cities	O
,	O
with	O
per	O
capita	O
GDP	O
reaching	O
27,700	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
having	O
reached	O
the	O
basic	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
middle	O
-	O
income	O
countries	O
.	O


The	O
entire	O
city	O
has	O
formed	O
over	O
60	B-CARDINAL
industrial	O
corporations	O
with	O
an	O
annual	O
production	O
value	O
of	O
over	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
36	B-CARDINAL
limited	O
share	O
-	O
holding	O
companies	O
and	O
13	B-CARDINAL
listed	O
companies	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Xiamen	B-ORG
has	O
actually	O
utilized	O
6.3	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
foreign	O
funds	O
,	O
and	O
foreign	O
trade	O
exports	O
have	O
continuously	O
ranked	O
fourth	O
among	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
cities	O
,	O
and	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
local	O
industrial	O
products	O
are	O
sold	O
overseas	O
.	O


The	O
actual	O
realization	O
rate	O
of	O
foreign	O
merchant	O
investments	O
ranks	O
first	B-ORDINAL
in	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O


The	O
delta	O
region	O
's	O
Quanzhou	B-GPE
,	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
has	O
had	O
a	O
GNP	O
that	O
annually	O
increases	O
42.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
3	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
under	O
its	O
administration	O
,	O
namely	O
Jinjiang	B-GPE
,	O
Shishi	B-GPE
and	O
Nan'an	B-GPE
,	O
have	O
ascended	O
to	O
the	O
100	B-CARDINAL
strongest	O
counties	O
in	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
economy	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Quanzhou	B-GPE
has	O
brought	O
its	O
advantage	O
of	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
from	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
into	O
full	O
play	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
actively	O
,	O
reasonably	O
,	O
and	O
effectively	O
used	O
foreign	O
capital	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
capital	O
enterprises	O
and	O
foreign	O
-	O
investment	O
enterprises	O
develop	O
vigorously	O
.	O


Within	O
5	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
built	O
up	O
21	B-CARDINAL
large	O
-	O
scale	O
industrial	O
development	O
districts	O
,	O
approved	O
over	O
4,000	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
investment	O
projects	O
and	O
actually	O
utilized	O
3.4	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
.	O


The	O
city	O
has	O
also	O
diligently	O
developed	O
township	O
enterprises	O
,	O
cultivated	O
domestically	O
famous	O
advantageous	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
clothing	O
,	O
shoemaking	O
,	O
ceramics	O
,	O
stone	O
carving	O
,	O
slate	O
material	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
gross	O
output	O
value	O
of	O
township	O
enterprises	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
broke	O
through	O
100	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
,	O
ranking	O
first	B-ORDINAL
in	O
the	O
entire	O
province	O
.	O


Zhangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
whose	O
agriculture	O
is	O
usually	O
well	O
developed	O
,	O
has	O
,	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
achieved	O
a	O
breakthrough	O
in	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
capital	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
introducing	O
significant	O
foreign	O
-	O
capital	O
projects	O
.	O


From	O
1993	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	O
this	O
city	O
's	O
contracts	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
capital	O
totally	O
reached	O
4.88	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
actually	O
realized	O
1.91	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
equivalent	O
to	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
of	O
18	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
reform	O
and	O
opening	O
up	O
.	O


In	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
actually	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
capital	O
once	O
again	O
ranked	O
first	B-ORDINAL
in	O
the	O
entire	O
province	O
,	O
which	O
showed	O
strong	O
growth	O
stamina	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
65	B-CARDINAL
large	O
scale	O
and	O
oversize	O
projects	O
being	O
invested	O
in	O
in	O
Zhangzhou	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
big	O
consortia	O
,	O
large	O
enterprises	O
with	O
international	O
influence	O
have	O
successively	O
settled	O
down	O
in	O
Zhangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
have	O
brought	O
along	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
medium	O
and	O
small	O
-	O
sized	O
enterprises	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
Zhangzhou	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
city	O
now	O
has	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
development	O
districts	O
,	O
18	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
of	O
developed	O
area	O
,	O
580	B-CARDINAL
introduced	O
projects	O
,	O
and	O
1.5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
contracted	O
foreign	O
capital	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
southern	O
Fujian	B-GPE
delta	O
region	O
has	O
already	O
established	O
a	O
regional	O
economic	O
collaboration	O
and	O
development	O
system	O
.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
are	O
currently	O
striving	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
region	O
's	O
investment	O
environment	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
the	B-FAC
Quanzhou	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Xiamen	I-FAC
and	I-FAC
Xiamen	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Zhangzhou	I-FAC
expressways	I-FAC
linking	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
have	O
been	O
built	O
or	O
basically	O
completed	O
.	O


A	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
key	O
infrastructures	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
port	O
,	O
airport	O
,	O
railway	O
,	O
telecommunications	O
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
successively	O
completed	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Abidjan	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
18th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Daocheng	B-PERSON
Linghu	I-PERSON


Ivory	B-GPE
Coast	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Economy	O
and	O
Finance	O
Minister	O
Engelan	B-PERSON
said	O
here	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
17th	I-DATE
that	O
,	O
the	O
economies	O
of	O
each	O
member	O
country	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
West	I-ORG
Africa	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Currency	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
obviously	O
recovered	O
growth	O
,	O
and	O
main	O
economic	O
composition	O
showed	O
good	O
conditions	O
.	O


Engelan	B-PERSON
said	O
at	O
the	O
economy	O
figures	O
colloquium	O
,	O
organized	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
France	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Ivory	I-ORG
Coast	I-ORG
Merchant	I-ORG
Club	I-ORG
,	O
that	O
the	O
economic	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
each	O
member	O
state	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
West	I-ORG
Africa	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Currency	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
has	O
already	O
recovered	O
5.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
increased	O
to	O
6.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
while	O
this	O
growth	O
rate	O
in	O
1994	B-DATE
was	O
only	O
2.6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
each	O
West	B-LOC
African	I-LOC
nation	O
has	O
also	O
greatly	O
improved	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
deficits	O
and	O
the	O
public	O
investment	O
situation	O
,	O
drastically	O
increasing	O
trade	O
surpluses	O
;	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
significantly	O
reducing	O
budget	O
deficits	O
to	O
only	B-PERCENT
1.3	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
each	O
country	O
's	O
gross	O
domestic	O
product	O
.	O


When	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
African	B-NORP
Franc	O
-LRB-	O
CFA	O
Franc	O
-RRB-	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
prepared	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
European	B-NORP
common	O
currency	O
system	O
,	O
Engelan	B-PERSON
expressed	O
that	O
,	O
people	O
do	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
worry	O
for	O
the	O
CFA	O
Franc	O
's	O
future	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
economic	O
growth	O
of	O
each	O
country	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
West	I-ORG
Africa	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Currency	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
has	O
already	O
obviously	O
recovered	O
in	O
the	O
short	O
term	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
impossible	O
for	O
the	O
CFA	O
Franc	O
to	O
drastically	O
depreciate	O
like	O
the	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
depreciation	O
of	O
January	B-DATE
1994	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
19th	I-DATE


At	O
the	O
recently	O
convened	O
"	O
Debt	B-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
Capital	I-EVENT
Market	I-EVENT
Forum	I-EVENT
"	O
,	O
vice	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	B-PERSON
Xiaoling	I-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
,	I-PERSON
expressed	O
that	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
will	O
not	O
give	O
up	O
the	O
policy	O
of	O
reform	O
and	O
opening	O
up	O
or	O
suspend	O
the	O
foreign	O
capital	O
financing	O
business	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
economic	O
crisis	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
contrary	O
,	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
under	O
the	O
premise	O
of	O
strengthening	O
its	O
financial	O
risk	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
,	O
will	O
increase	O
capital	O
utilization	O
benefits	O
and	O
support	O
developing	O
State	B-ORG
-	O
owned	O
enterprise	O
as	O
targets	O
,	O
adhere	O
to	O
not	O
changing	O
reforms	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
capital	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
will	O
suitably	O
re-adjust	O
and	O
perfect	O
the	O
policies	O
of	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
capital	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
reports	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
,	O
Xiaoling	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
said	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
will	O
be	O
an	O
unforgettable	O
year	O
in	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
Asian	B-NORP
economic	O
development	O
.	O


The	O
financial	O
crisis	O
in	O
Southeast	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
and	O
East	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
undoubtedly	O
will	O
have	O
greater	O
impact	O
on	O
Asia	B-LOC
's	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


Although	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
and	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
financial	O
system	O
were	O
not	O
directly	O
impacted	O
,	O
currently	O
,	O
the	O
RMB	O
exchange	O
rate	O
is	O
stable	O
,	O
the	O
economy	O
still	O
grew	O
rapidly	O
and	O
healthily	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
plan	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
inflation	O
rate	O
was	O
controlled	O
at	O
a	O
relatively	O
low	O
level	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
Asia	B-LOC
's	O
financial	O
crisis	O
will	O
produce	O
definite	O
negative	O
effects	O
on	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
further	O
deepen	O
financial	O
system	O
reform	O
,	O
strengthen	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
financial	O
supervision	O
and	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
limit	O
financial	O
risk	O
,	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
detrimental	O
effects	O
created	O
by	O
Asia	B-LOC
's	O
financial	O
crisis	O
on	O
us	O
to	O
the	O
lowest	O
degree	O
.	O


Xiaoling	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
also	O
revealed	O
that	O
,	O
henceforth	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
overseas	O
debt	O
issuance	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
implement	O
policy	O
re-adjustments	O
and	O
improvements	O
in	O
three	B-CARDINAL
areas	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
debt	O
issuance	O
bodies	O
will	O
diversify	O
.	O


Besides	O
insisting	O
that	O
financial	O
institutions	O
be	O
the	O
main	O
foreign	O
financing	O
channels	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
few	O
special	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
with	O
good	O
international	O
reputations	O
,	O
with	O
high	O
standards	O
of	O
multinational	O
operations	O
,	O
that	O
have	O
good	O
asset	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
debt	O
ratios	O
,	O
and	O
good	O
benefits	O
,	O
that	O
enter	O
the	O
international	O
capital	O
market	O
to	O
implement	O
debt	O
issuance	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
bond	O
structures	O
will	O
diversify	O
.	O


After	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
experimentation	O
,	O
issuance	O
methods	O
and	O
features	O
of	O
transferable	O
bonds	O
are	O
accepted	O
domestically	O
.	O


Henceforth	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
lending	O
bodies	O
will	O
optimize	O
financing	O
structures	O
according	O
to	O
their	O
characteristics	O
and	O
market	O
demand	O
,	O
in	O
making	O
choices	O
in	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
transferrable	O
bonds	O
,	O
bonds	O
and	O
bank	O
loans	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
systematically	O
develop	O
issuance	O
of	O
project	O
financing	O
bonds	O
,	O
ABS	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
that	O
have	O
no	O
recall	O
or	O
limited	O
recall	O
rights	O
,	O
thereby	O
reducing	O
the	O
pressure	O
of	O
financial	O
institutions	O
in	O
foreign	O
lending	O
and	O
promoting	O
project	O
management	O
to	O
become	O
international	O
,	O
to	O
become	O
scientific	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
become	O
transparent	O
.	O


In	O
short	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
actively	O
utilize	O
every	O
type	O
of	O
financing	O
method	O
with	O
international	O
benefits	O
,	O
reduce	O
costs	O
of	O
our	O
overall	O
financing	O
and	O
reduce	O
our	O
financial	O
risks	O
.	O


Third	B-ORDINAL
,	O
we	O
will	O
confirm	O
the	O
qualifications	O
of	O
overseas	O
issuance	O
bodies	O
,	O
completing	O
the	O
transition	O
process	O
from	O
"	O
window	O
management	O
"	O
to	O
credit	O
assessment	O
management	O
of	O
debt	O
issuance	O
bodies	O
,	O
and	O
establish	O
a	O
scientific	O
,	O
transparent	O
system	O
of	O
credit	O
assessment	O
management	O
.	O


Xiaoling	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
also	O
revealed	O
that	O
up	O
to	O
now	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
domestic	O
institutions	O
have	O
cumulatively	O
issued	O
US	B-GPE
dollar	O
equivalent	O
foreign	O
currency	O
debts	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
17	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
on	O
the	O
international	O
capital	O
market	O
,	O
forcefully	O
supporting	O
the	O
rapid	O
,	O
continuous	O
and	O
healthy	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
economy	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
15	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
now	O
since	O
1982	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
China	B-GPE
first	B-ORDINAL
issued	O
overseas	O
debt	O
.	O


Reviewing	O
the	O
development	O
over	O
these	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
domestic	O
institutions	O
issuing	O
overseas	O
debt	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
fundamentally	O
been	O
successful	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
macro	O
management	O
to	O
the	O
micro	O
operation	O
of	O
every	O
loan	O
transaction	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shenyang	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
19th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jianzhen	B-PERSON
Dong	I-PERSON


In	O
Liaoning	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
old	O
industrial	O
base	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
21.8	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
of	O
every	B-MONEY
100	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
of	O
fixed	O
assets	O
investment	O
is	O
utilized	O
from	O
foreign	O
capital	O
.	O


Fixed	O
assets	O
investments	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
capital	O
have	O
accounted	O
for	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
1	I-CARDINAL
/	I-CARDINAL
5	I-CARDINAL
of	O
this	O
province	O
's	O
total	O
fixed	O
asset	O
investments	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
Guozhu	B-PERSON
Gao	I-PERSON
,	O
provincial	O
vice-governor	O
of	O
Liaoning	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
,	O
mentioned	O
at	O
the	O
provincial	O
foreign	O
investment	O
utilization	O
work	O
conference	O
held	O
recently	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
1992	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	O
foreign	O
investments	O
actually	O
transferred	O
in	O
have	O
approached	O
13	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
21.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
fixed	O
asset	O
investments	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
.	O


Guozhu	B-PERSON
Gao	I-PERSON
said	O
:	O
"	O
For	O
Liaoning	B-GPE
,	O
an	O
old	O
industrial	O
base	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
implementing	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
transformation	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
industrial	O
base	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
also	O
poorly	O
-	O
funded	O
,	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
investment	O
has	O
become	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
driving	O
forces	O
in	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O
"	O


During	O
the	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
nearly	O
6000	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
have	O
gone	O
into	O
operation	O
and	O
production	O
in	O
Liaoning	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
have	O
accumulatively	O
actualized	O
a	O
production	O
value	O
of	O
nearly	B-MONEY
270	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


In	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
annual	O
production	O
value	O
of	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
broke	O
through	O
60	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
annual	O
production	O
values	O
of	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
in	O
provincial	O
industrial	O
production	O
value	O
has	O
increased	O
from	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1992	B-DATE
to	O
17	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Utilizing	O
foreign	O
investment	O
vigorously	O
propelled	O
Liaoning	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
promoted	O
social	O
stability	O
.	O


Guozhu	B-PERSON
Gao	I-PERSON
mentioned	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
tax	O
revenues	O
from	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
in	O
Liaoning	B-GPE
reached	O
3	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
proportion	O
accounting	O
for	O
provincial	O
industrial	O
and	O
commercial	O
tax	O
revenues	O
has	O
risen	O
from	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
1992	B-DATE
to	O
more	O
than	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Out	O
of	O
the	O
operating	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
in	O
Liaoning	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
directly	O
placed	O
employees	O
has	O
reached	O
more	O
than	O
600,000	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
has	O
become	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
important	O
channels	O
in	O
solving	O
the	O
employment	O
problem	O
.	O


The	O
areas	O
in	O
which	O
Liaoning	B-GPE
utilizes	O
foreign	O
investment	O
have	O
been	O
expanded	O
from	O
medium	O
and	O
small	O
-	O
sized	O
processing	O
projects	O
to	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
pillar	O
industries	O
for	O
old	O
industrial	O
base	O
transformation	O
purposes	O
:	O
the	O
petrochemical	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
metallurgical	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
mechanical	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
electronic	O
industry	O
,	O
etc.	O
and	O
such	O
industries	O
as	O
agriculture	O
,	O
real	O
estate	O
,	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
energy	O
,	O
finance	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Guozhu	B-PERSON
Gao	I-PERSON
said	O
:	O
"	O
Co-operative	O
areas	O
between	O
foreign	O
companies	O
and	O
Liaoning	B-GPE
are	O
still	O
expanding	O
constantly	O
.	O
"	O


Methods	O
of	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
investment	O
have	O
shown	O
a	O
trend	O
of	O
diversified	O
development	O
.	O


Guozhu	B-PERSON
Gao	I-PERSON
mentioned	O
that	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Shenyang	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Dalian	I-ORG
Highway	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
co-operated	O
with	O
foreign	O
investment	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
investment	O
of	O
4.9	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
has	O
been	O
approved	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Cooperation	I-ORG
.	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
iron	O
and	O
steel	O
company	O
,	B-ORG
the	I-ORG
Anshan	I-ORG
Iron	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
has	O
been	O
listed	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
for	O
H	O
-	O
share	O
transactions	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Dalian	I-ORG
Wadian	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
has	O
been	O
listed	O
for	O
issuing	O
B	O
-	O
shares	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
raised	O
funds	O
of	O
390	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Liaoning	B-GPE
is	O
actively	O
adopting	O
new	O
measures	O
of	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
investment	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
developing	O
the	O
listing	O
of	O
new	O
shares	O
,	O
property	O
rights	O
transfer	O
,	O
assets	O
leases	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Hongqi	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON


Vice-minister	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
External	B-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Co-operation	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
and	O
concurrent	O
Chief	O
Negotiation	O
Representative	O
Yongtu	B-PERSON
Long	I-PERSON
expressed	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
on	O
the	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
must	O
co-operate	O
closely	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
active	O
and	O
realistic	O
spirit	O
,	O
appropriately	O
managing	O
trade	O
imbalances	O
between	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
trade	O
disputes	O
,	O
to	O
create	O
good	O
external	O
conditions	O
for	O
further	O
development	O
of	O
healthy	O
and	O
stable	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


Yongtu	B-PERSON
Long	I-PERSON
made	O
the	O
above	O
statement	O
during	O
a	O
speech	O
held	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
US	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Asian	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
current	O
world	O
economic	O
globalization	O
is	O
developing	O
deeply	O
,	O
investment	O
flow	O
is	O
faster	O
than	O
trade	O
flow	O
,	O
overseas	O
investment	O
and	O
sales	O
volumes	O
of	O
large	O
western	O
countries	O
have	O
greatly	O
exceeded	O
local	O
import	O
values	O
,	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
foreign	O
investments	O
replacing	O
direct	O
imports	O
is	O
significantly	O
increasing	O
.	O


Under	O
these	O
circumstances	O
,	O
using	O
scientific	O
methods	O
to	O
implement	O
trade	O
statistics	O
is	O
important	O
,	O
and	O
continued	O
use	O
of	O
traditional	O
trade	O
income	O
and	O
expense	O
balance	O
methods	O
to	O
gauge	O
the	O
trade	O
relations	O
between	O
countries	O
is	O
already	O
diverging	O
from	O
reality	O
.	O


During	O
his	O
speech	O
,	O
he	O
quoted	O
the	O
conclusion	O
from	O
the	O
latest	O
research	O
report	O
by	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
expert	O
group	O
regarding	O
the	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
trade	O
statistics	O
problem	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
was	O
written	O
by	O
famous	O
experts	O
and	O
scholars	O
from	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
's	O
Harvard	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
California	I-ORG
after	O
nearly	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	O
research	O
.	O


It	O
clearly	O
analyzed	O
the	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
relation	O
development	O
situations	O
in	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
pointing	O
out	O
that	O
after	O
excluding	O
various	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	O
transfer	O
trade	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
trade	O
volume	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
that	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
was	O
between	B-MONEY
15.6	I-MONEY
to	I-MONEY
21.6	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
drastically	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
statistical	O
data	O
of	O
34	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
announced	O
officially	O
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
Yongtu	B-PERSON
Long	I-PERSON
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
side	O
understands	O
the	O
concern	O
of	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
side	O
over	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
trade	O
imbalance	O
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
side	O
will	O
adopt	O
active	O
and	O
practical	O
steps	O
to	O
further	O
reduce	O
tariffs	O
,	O
reduce	O
non-tariff	O
management	O
measures	O
,	O
improve	O
market	O
entry	O
conditions	O
and	O
increase	O
imports	O
from	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
side	O
also	O
hopes	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
side	O
will	O
relax	O
restrictions	O
over	O
the	O
export	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
high	O
-	O
tech	O
products	O
,	O
gradually	O
jointly	O
realizing	O
a	O
trade	O
balance	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
using	O
positive	O
methods	O
,	O
to	O
create	O
conditions	O
for	O
the	O
healthy	O
and	O
stable	O
development	O
of	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
.	O


Yongtu	B-PERSON
Long	I-PERSON
came	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
from	O
Boston	B-GPE
on	O
the	B-DATE
18th	I-DATE
to	O
participate	O
in	O
speeches	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
fly	O
to	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
on	O
the	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
20th	I-TIME
to	O
participate	O
in	O
another	O
round	O
of	O
speeches	O
.	O


Hawaii	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
the	O
last	O
stop	O
of	O
his	O
nine	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
US	B-GPE
trip	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
21	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporters	O
Yun	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
,	O
Jianming	B-PERSON
Ding	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


These	O
reporters	O
learned	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Minsheng	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
that	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
since	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Minsheng	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
,	O
business	O
has	O
developed	O
rapidly	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Minsheng	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
total	O
scale	O
of	O
assets	O
has	O
exceeded	O
20	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
increased	O
10	B-CARDINAL
times	O
compared	O
with	O
when	O
it	O
opened	O
for	O
business	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Minsheng	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
was	O
founded	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
12	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1996	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
approved	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
People	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
is	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
national	O
joint	O
-	O
stock	O
commercial	O
bank	O
mainly	O
invested	O
through	O
shares	O
bought	O
by	O
enterprises	O
run	O
by	O
private	O
citizens	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
characteristics	O
of	O
clear	O
property	O
rights	O
and	O
a	O
flexible	O
operation	O
.	O


It	O
emphasizes	O
providing	O
financial	O
services	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
privately	O
run	O
enterprises	O
,	O
scaled	O
township	O
enterprises	O
,	O
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
capital	O
"	O
enterprises	O
and	O
new	O
high	O
technology	O
industries	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
provides	O
financing	O
services	O
for	O
large	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
size	O
State	B-ORG
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
,	O
half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	B-ORG
Minsheng	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
loans	O
of	O
all	O
kinds	O
are	O
invested	O
to	O
the	O
non-State-owned	B-ORG
economic	O
sectors	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Minsheng	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
has	O
established	O
agent	O
bank	O
relations	O
with	O
170	B-CARDINAL
overseas	O
commercial	O
banks	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
good	O
results	O
in	O
making	O
profits	O
continuously	O
in	O
its	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
business	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
preliminarily	O
established	O
a	O
good	O
social	O
image	O
domestically	O
and	O
overseas	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
21	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporters	O
Jianchang	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
and	O
Hongbo	B-PERSON
Zhu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
latest	O
statistical	O
data	O
announced	O
here	O
indicates	O
that	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
merchants	O
who	O
invest	O
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
achieved	O
good	O
operating	O
results	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
.	O


Of	O
the	O
more	O
than	O
420	B-CARDINAL
Taiwanese	B-NORP
-	O
capital	O
corporations	O
that	O
started	O
operation	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
period	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
January	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
,	O
sales	O
revenues	O
reached	O
6.7	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
,	O
with	O
corporation	O
profits	O
of	O
200	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
and	O
exports	O
of	O
150	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
by	O
directors	O
of	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
government	O
's	O
Taiwanese	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
,	O
up	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
capital	O
corporations	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
approved	O
to	O
establish	O
has	O
reached	O
1271	B-CARDINAL
,	O
the	O
agreed	O
investment	O
value	O
is	O
nearly	B-MONEY
2.285	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
agreed	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
capital	O
is	O
1.85	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


This	O
director	O
said	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
period	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
1996	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Tianjin	B-GPE
Taiwanese	B-NORP
capital	O
corporations	O
,	O
namely	O
Dingyi	B-ORG
Foods	I-ORG
,	O
Fujin	B-ORG
Carpentry	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Xinbaotianyang	B-ORG
were	O
listed	O
of	O
corporations	O
in	O
the	O
selection	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
500	B-CARDINAL
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
capital	O
corporations	O
.	O


Among	O
these	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Dingxin	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
famous	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
for	O
producing	O
"	B-PRODUCT
Chef	I-PRODUCT
Kang	I-PRODUCT
"	I-PRODUCT
instant	I-PRODUCT
noodles	I-PRODUCT
,	O
had	O
1997	B-DATE
operating	O
revenues	O
reaching	O
over	B-MONEY
5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
.	O


Fujin	B-ORG
Carpentry	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
started	O
in	O
the	O
wood	O
processing	O
industry	O
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
has	O
successively	O
implemented	O
graft	O
reform	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
20	B-CARDINAL
state	O
-	O
owned	O
corporations	O
in	O
the	O
motherland	O
mainland	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
charting	O
a	O
route	O
of	O
expanding	O
inexpensively	O
and	O
developing	O
rapidly	O
,	O
becoming	O
the	O
"	O
Fujin	O
phenomenon	O
"	O
widely	O
commended	O
in	O
the	O
economic	O
arena	O
.	O


Director	O
of	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
's	O
Taiwanese	B-ORG
Affair	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
Gengxin	B-PERSON
Qu	I-PERSON
said	O
,	O
although	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
slowing	O
down	O
in	O
the	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
merchants	O
'	O
investments	O
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
due	O
to	O
the	O
hindrance	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
authorities	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
resulted	O
in	O
only	B-CARDINAL
94	I-CARDINAL
recently	O
approved	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
capital	O
corporations	O
and	O
the	O
total	O
agreed	O
investment	O
value	O
reaching	O
250	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
which	O
were	O
both	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
achieved	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
the	O
quality	O
and	O
technological	O
standards	O
of	O
investments	O
both	O
have	O
further	O
improvements	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
the	O
average	O
scale	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
capital	O
corporations	O
investing	O
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
has	O
already	O
reached	O
25	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
corporations	O
increased	O
significantly	O
.	O


This	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
motherland	O
's	O
political	O
and	O
economic	O
situation	O
has	O
stabilized	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
has	O
further	O
improved	O
and	O
the	O
vast	O
market	O
still	O
possesses	O
tremendous	O
attraction	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
merchants	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
Tianjin	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
adopted	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
measures	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
merchants	O
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
's	O
People	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
implemented	O
checks	O
on	O
the	O
implementation	O
situation	O
of	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
local	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
-	O
related	O
regulation	O
,	O
"	B-LAW
Tianjin	I-LAW
's	I-LAW
Methods	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Implementing	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
People	I-LAW
's	I-LAW
Republic	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
China	I-LAW
Taiwanese	I-LAW
Compatriots	I-LAW
Investment	I-LAW
Protection	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
"	I-LAW
,	O
promoting	O
the	O
fulfillment	O
of	O
regulations	O
in	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
compatriots	O
'	O
investing	O
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
enjoying	O
preferential	O
policies	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
protection	O
measures	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
-	O
capital	O
corporations	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


A	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
merchant	O
investment	O
district	O
has	O
been	O
established	O
within	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
's	O
Economic	B-LOC
and	I-LOC
Technology	I-LOC
Development	I-LOC
District	I-LOC
,	O
providing	O
conveniences	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
merchants	O
investing	O
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
such	O
as	O
more	O
preferential	O
conditions	O
and	O
more	O
circumspect	O
service	O
.	O


Tianjin	B-GPE
has	O
established	O
a	O
Director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Taiwanese	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
reception	O
day	O
system	O
,	O
in	O
time	O
handling	O
the	O
difficulties	O
in	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
capital	O
corporate	O
operations	O
.	O


These	O
measures	O
increase	O
the	O
attractiveness	O
of	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
to	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
merchants	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE


Regarding	O
the	O
phenomenon	O
where	O
some	O
funds	O
from	O
inside	O
and	O
outside	O
the	O
border	O
utilize	O
unlawful	O
channels	O
to	O
enter	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
cheat	O
on	O
profits	O
,	O
cheat	O
on	O
arbitrage	O
and	O
cheat	O
on	O
exchange	O
,	O
relevant	O
personnel	O
in	O
charge	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
expressed	O
recently	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
will	O
strengthen	O
the	O
investigation	O
of	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
and	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
supervision	O
,	O
severely	O
punish	O
unlawful	O
capital	O
flow	O
inside	O
and	O
outside	O
the	O
border	O
,	O
and	O
uphold	O
the	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
financial	O
order	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
learned	O
that	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
circumstances	O
where	O
the	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
system	O
reform	O
has	O
achieved	O
good	O
results	O
,	O
the	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
position	O
is	O
comparatively	O
relaxed	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
RMB	O
exchange	O
rate	O
is	O
continuously	O
stable	O
,	O
some	O
funds	O
from	O
inside	O
and	O
outside	O
the	O
border	O
have	O
also	O
begun	O
to	O
use	O
all	O
sorts	O
of	O
unlawful	O
channels	O
to	O
exit	O
and	O
enter	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
cheat	O
on	O
profits	O
,	O
cheat	O
on	O
arbitrage	O
and	O
cheat	O
on	O
exchange	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
increased	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
investigations	O
and	O
starting	O
in	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
successively	O
implemented	O
checks	O
on	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
business	O
of	O
financial	O
institutions	O
in	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
and	O
national	O
financial	O
institutions	O
.	O


During	O
checks	O
,	O
it	O
discovered	O
that	O
some	O
corporations	O
and	O
individuals	O
made	O
use	O
of	O
foreign	O
trading	O
companies	O
that	O
have	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
operation	O
rights	O
,	O
allowing	O
them	O
to	O
perform	O
"	O
import	O
agent	O
"	O
business	O
,	O
used	O
false	O
customs	O
documents	O
to	O
cheat	O
on	O
exchange	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
get	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
capital	O
through	O
tax	O
evasion	O
and	O
smuggling	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
foreign	O
trading	O
companies	O
earned	O
agent	O
commission	O
fees	O
without	O
any	O
cost	O
;	O
there	O
was	O
also	O
some	O
international	O
speculative	O
capital	O
which	O
infiltrated	O
regular	O
items	O
to	O
get	O
remitted	O
into	O
the	O
country	O
;	O
or	O
entered	O
the	O
domestic	O
stock	O
market	O
for	O
speculating	O
,	O
or	O
false	O
custom	O
documents	O
were	O
purchased	O
to	O
purchase	O
exchange	O
to	O
derive	O
profit	O
from	O
the	O
exchange	O
differences	O
within	O
Chinese	B-NORP
territory	O
.	O


Relevant	O
directors	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
expressed	O
that	O
henceforth	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
apart	O
from	O
continuously	O
perfecting	O
laws	O
and	O
regulations	O
on	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
management	O
,	O
will	O
also	O
continue	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
investigations	O
and	O
handling	O
of	O
cases	O
violating	O
regulations	O
and	O
violating	O
laws	O
;	O
will	O
,	O
toward	O
relevant	O
institutions	O
and	O
units	O
that	O
violated	O
laws	O
and	O
violated	O
regulations	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
punishment	O
,	O
strengthen	O
supervision	O
of	O
their	O
future	O
purchases	O
of	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
;	O
and	O
will	O
transfer	O
those	O
violating	O
criminal	O
law	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
for	O
handling	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
preserve	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
financial	O
order	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE


A	O
research	O
project	O
aimed	O
at	O
assisting	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
in	O
implementing	O
supervision	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
insurance	O
laws	O
and	O
regulations	O
formulated	O
by	O
foreign	O
-	O
capital	O
insurance	O
institutions	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
exploring	O
the	O
system	O
and	O
measures	O
for	O
standardizing	O
insurance	O
,	O
was	O
started	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
recently	O
.	O


This	O
project	O
was	O
jointly	O
funded	O
by	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
Royal	B-ORG
Sun	I-ORG
United	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
Lincoln	B-ORG
Citizen	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
was	O
held	O
specifically	O
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
Yong	B-ORG
Dao	I-ORG
Accounting	I-ORG
firm	O
.	O


The	O
total	O
investment	O
amount	O
is	O
1.4	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


This	O
insurance	O
supervisory	O
project	O
will	O
implement	O
systems	O
analysis	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
-	O
capital	O
insurance	O
and	O
current	O
laws	O
and	O
regulations	O
on	O
insurance	O
supervision	O
,	O
use	O
advanced	O
experience	O
from	O
abroad	O
as	O
reference	O
,	O
and	O
develop	O
a	O
constructive	O
research	O
blueprint	O
that	O
is	O
beneficial	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
insurance	O
supervision	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
perfecting	O
of	O
laws	O
and	O
regulations	O
on	O
supervision	O
.	O


The	O
insurance	O
supervisory	O
project	O
started	O
this	O
time	O
will	O
implement	O
more	O
in	O
depth	O
research	O
based	O
on	O
laws	O
and	O
regulations	O
of	O
insurance	O
supervision	O
governing	O
foreign	O
-	O
capital	O
investment	O
institutions	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
currently	O
has	O
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
strengthening	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
institution	O
organization	O
and	O
operating	O
procedures	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
an	O
early	O
warning	O
system	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
known	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
supervisory	O
law	O
and	O
regulations	O
will	O
improve	O
the	O
current	O
supervisory	O
system	O
over	O
foreign	O
-	O
capital	O
insurance	O
institutions	O
in	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
market	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
assist	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
in	O
consolidating	O
the	O
supervisory	O
system	O
over	O
the	O
entire	O
insurance	O
market	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Nanchang	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
3rd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jing	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON


Jiangxi	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
becoming	O
a	O
hotspot	O
for	O
foreign	O
companies	O
to	O
invest	O
.	O


From	O
Jiujiang	B-GPE
and	O
Nanchang	B-GPE
to	O
Ji'an	B-GPE
and	O
Ganzhou	B-GPE
,	O
scenes	O
of	O
constructing	O
on	O
a	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
,	O
and	O
starting	O
of	O
factory	O
construction	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
everywhere	O
.	O


A	O
report	O
by	O
Jiangxi	B-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
also	O
shows	O
the	O
trend	O
of	O
an	O
emulative	O
inrushing	O
of	O
foreign	O
investment	O
.	O


In	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
's	O
actually	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
investment	O
increased	O
by	O
about	B-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
than	O
that	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
foreign	O
company	O
direct	O
investment	O
almost	O
doubled	O
.	O


People	O
concerned	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
opening	O
up	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Yangtze	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
and	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
operations	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Beijing	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Kowloon	I-FAC
Railway	I-FAC
had	O
completely	O
changed	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
of	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
.	O


Bisheng	B-PERSON
Bi	I-PERSON
,	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Jiangxi	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
there	O
were	O
429	B-CARDINAL
recently	O
approved	O
foreign	O
investment	O
projects	O
with	O
contract	O
amounts	O
of	O
796	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
and	O
an	O
actually	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
investment	O
of	O
569	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Of	O
which	O
,	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
foreign	O
company	O
direct	O
investment	O
was	O
436	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
tight	O
integration	O
of	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
foreign	O
investment	O
,	O
with	O
expediting	O
infrastructure	O
construction	O
,	O
expanding	O
productivity	O
distribution	O
,	O
adjusting	O
product	O
structures	O
and	O
transforming	O
traditional	O
industries	O
.	O


Foreign	O
investment	O
economy	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
major	O
power	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
economic	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
at	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
foreign	O
investment	O
projects	O
implemented	O
and	O
utilized	O
across	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
has	O
reached	O
5320	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
amount	O
of	O
signed	O
foreign	O
investment	O
is	O
5.277	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
actually	O
utilized	O
investments	O
are	O
2.78	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


It	O
was	O
learned	O
that	O
,	O
a	O
great	O
mass	O
of	O
infrastructure	O
projects	O
and	O
key	O
industrial	O
projects	O
in	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
provide	O
a	O
broad	O
investment	O
market	O
for	O
foreign	O
companies	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
investors	O
from	O
45	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
have	O
settled	O
in	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
big	O
multinational	O
companies	O
investing	O
in	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
is	O
increasing	O
annually	O
.	O


The	O
foreign	O
company	O
investment	O
fields	O
involve	O
more	O
than	O
30	B-CARDINAL
fields	O
including	O
transportation	O
,	O
energy	O
,	O
communication	O
,	O
mechanics	O
,	O
electronics	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
and	O
foreign	O
currency	O
earned	O
by	O
foreign	O
-	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
through	O
exports	O
is	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
Jingdezhen	B-FAC
airport	I-FAC
and	O
Ganzhou	B-FAC
airport	I-FAC
have	O
started	O
operations	O
.	O


The	B-FAC
Nanchang	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Jiujiang	I-FAC
highway	I-FAC
,	O
the	B-FAC
Great	I-FAC
Nanchang	I-FAC
bridge	I-FAC
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
all	O
been	O
put	O
into	O
use	O
.	O


The	O
program	O
-	O
controlled	O
telephone	O
and	O
transmission	O
systems	O
of	O
the	O
provincial	O
capital	O
,	O
Nanchang	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
other	O
cities	O
and	O
areas	O
are	O
playing	O
a	O
role	O
.	O


A	O
great	O
mass	O
of	O
projects	O
constructed	O
with	O
introduced	O
foreign	O
investment	O
such	O
as	O
fertilizer	O
,	O
mucilage	O
glue	O
short	O
fibers	O
,	O
freon	O
-	O
free	O
compressors	O
,	O
top	O
-	O
grade	O
household	O
ceramics	O
,	O
auto	O
engines	O
,	O
etc.	O
are	O
increasingly	O
becoming	O
representatives	O
of	O
the	O
superior	O
industries	O
of	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
3	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O


Recently	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
advocated	O
using	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
as	O
a	O
point	O
of	O
breakthrough	O
in	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprise	O
reform	O
and	O
problem	O
resolution	O
.	O


The	O
main	O
topic	O
of	O
discussion	O
for	O
the	O
working	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
textile	O
industry	O
held	O
recently	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
was	O
to	O
study	O
how	O
to	O
fight	O
this	O
battle	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
meeting	O
,	O
Wanpeng	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Textile	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
accepted	O
a	O
joint	O
interview	O
by	O
Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
reporters	O
and	O
People	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
reporters	O
.	O


Wanpeng	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
conditions	O
for	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
to	O
cast	O
off	O
its	O
predicament	O
basically	O
exist	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
has	O
issued	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
powerful	O
policies	O
and	O
measures	O
for	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
to	O
make	O
up	O
losses	O
and	O
solve	O
problems	O
.	O


A	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
cadres	O
and	O
workers	O
of	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
have	O
already	O
realized	O
the	O
seriousness	O
of	O
the	O
difficulties	O
they	O
face	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
pressing	O
need	O
to	O
make	O
up	O
losses	O
and	O
solve	O
problems	O
.	O


The	O
solution	O
not	O
only	O
concerns	O
their	O
survival	O
and	O
development	O
but	O
also	O
has	O
far	O
reaching	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
overall	O
situation	O
of	O
the	O
development	O
and	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
economy	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
faced	O
serious	O
difficulties	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
textile	O
industry	O
has	O
incurred	O
losses	O
consecutively	O
for	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


1996	B-DATE
's	O
loss	O
reached	O
10.6	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


1997	B-DATE
has	O
an	O
estimated	O
loss	O
of	O
8	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
with	O
a	O
loss	O
of	O
53	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
involving	O
1.8	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
staff	O
,	O
and	O
asset	O
liabilities	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
82	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
all	O
ranking	O
first	B-ORDINAL
in	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
various	O
industries	O
.	O


The	O
problems	O
reflected	O
by	O
the	O
difficulties	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
textile	O
industry	O
are	O
very	O
representative	O
among	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
industries	O
.	O


Concrete	O
manifestations	O
are	O
:	O
low	O
standard	O
duplicate	O
construction	O
really	O
standing	O
out	O
,	O
historical	O
burdens	O
weighing	O
down	O
,	O
and	O
surplus	O
staff	O
being	O
excessive	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
where	O
difficulties	O
are	O
most	O
serious	O
and	O
conflicts	O
are	O
most	O
concentrated	O
can	O
emphatically	O
break	O
through	O
,	O
and	O
take	O
the	O
lead	O
in	O
reversing	O
the	O
difficult	O
situation	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
provide	O
experience	O
for	O
other	O
industries	O
,	O
and	O
strengthen	O
confidence	O
and	O
determination	O
in	O
resolving	O
problems	O
.	O


Wanpeng	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
major	O
breakthrough	O
in	O
the	O
reform	O
and	O
solution	O
of	O
problems	O
in	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
relevant	O
departments	O
have	O
successively	O
determined	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
powerful	O
policies	O
and	O
measures	O
.	O


Firstly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
do	O
well	O
in	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
reducing	O
and	O
eliminating	O
outdated	O
spindles	O
,	O
subsidies	O
of	O
3	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
will	O
be	O
granted	O
for	O
every	O
10,000	B-CARDINAL
spindles	O
reduced	O
.	O


The	O
central	O
and	O
local	O
finance	O
departments	O
will	O
each	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
half	O
,	O
providing	O
a	O
2	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
discount	O
loan	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
discount	O
shouldered	O
by	O
local	O
finance	O
departments	O
.	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
reserve	O
fund	O
for	O
bad	O
bank	O
debts	O
to	O
be	O
cancelled	O
with	O
the	O
State	B-ORG
approval	O
will	O
lean	O
heavily	O
towards	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
.	O


The	O
recently	O
increased	O
10	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
expansion	O
will	O
mainly	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
resolving	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
's	O
reduction	O
and	O
re-organization	O
project	O
.	O


Thirdly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
export	O
tax	O
rebate	O
rate	O
of	O
textile	O
products	O
will	O
increase	O
2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
from	O
the	O
current	O
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
increasing	O
to	O
11	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
agreement	O
quota	O
volume	O
for	O
textile	O
products	O
exported	O
to	O
Europe	B-LOC
and	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
assigned	O
to	O
self	O
-	O
managed	O
textile	O
export	O
enterprises	O
by	O
directly	O
"	O
delegating	O
"	O
.	O


Fourthly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
to	O
improve	O
cotton	O
supply	O
methods	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
allow	O
prices	O
to	O
fluctuate	O
6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
for	O
exporting	O
products	O
using	O
Xinjiang	B-GPE
cotton	O
to	O
replace	O
imported	O
cotton	O
,	O
a	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
tax	O
rate	O
will	O
be	O
implemented	O
.	O


Fifthly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
export	O
credits	O
and	O
full	O
value	O
tax	O
returns	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
implemented	O
for	O
the	O
cotton	O
spinning	O
machines	O
export	O
.	O


Sixthly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
the	O
payment	O
of	O
basic	O
living	O
expenses	O
and	O
pension	O
and	O
health	O
insurance	O
of	O
laid	O
-	O
off	O
staff	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
guaranteed	O
.	O


Along	O
with	O
the	O
progress	O
of	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
spindle	O
reduction	O
,	O
reorganization	O
,	O
merger	O
,	O
declaration	O
of	O
bankruptcy	O
,	O
and	O
structural	O
adjustments	O
are	O
going	O
on	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
definitely	O
be	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
excessive	O
personnel	O
laid	O
off	O
and	O
re-employed	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
estimated	O
that	O
1.2	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
staff	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
textile	O
industry	O
will	O
be	O
laid	O
off	O
within	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Wanpeng	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
whether	O
problem	O
resolution	O
in	O
the	O
textile	O
industry	O
would	O
be	O
successful	O
or	O
not	O
depends	O
mainly	O
on	O
whether	O
laid	O
-	O
off	O
personnel	O
can	O
get	O
proper	O
settlement	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
focus	O
and	O
the	O
difficult	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
work	O
.	O


It	O
must	O
be	O
advanced	O
with	O
a	O
plan	O
,	O
the	O
easy	O
ones	O
first	B-ORDINAL
and	O
the	O
tough	O
ones	O
last	O
,	O
and	O
must	O
consider	O
every	O
party	O
's	O
acceptance	O
ability	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Jinan	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
4th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Xiguo	B-PERSON
Ding	I-PERSON


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Shandong	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
began	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
policy	O
of	O
employee	O
housing	O
monetization	O
allocation	O
within	O
the	O
bounds	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
province	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
city	O
and	O
township	O
employees	O
can	O
no	O
longer	O
get	O
housing	O
from	O
the	O
work	O
unit	O
they	O
work	O
for	O
like	O
before	O
.	O


Henceforth	O
,	O
using	O
money	O
to	O
buy	O
a	O
living	O
place	O
or	O
using	O
rent	O
to	O
rent	O
housing	O
will	O
become	O
the	O
new	O
mechanism	O
.	O


Shandong	B-GPE
is	O
currently	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
province	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
policy	O
of	O
housing	O
monetization	O
allocation	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
provinces	O
and	O
cities	O
such	O
as	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
are	O
also	O
implementing	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
experimental	O
work	O
in	O
housing	O
allocation	O
system	O
reform	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Housing	I-ORG
Reform	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
granted	O
full	O
recognition	O
to	O
this	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
at	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
meetings	O
,	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
key	O
tasks	O
of	O
the	O
1998	B-DATE
reform	O
is	O
to	O
accelerate	O
housing	O
system	O
reform	O
,	O
to	O
accelerate	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
transforming	O
housing	O
from	O
a	O
material	O
allocation	O
to	O
a	O
monetary	O
allocation	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
new	O
method	O
to	O
monetize	O
benefit	O
allocations	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
decades	I-DATE
,	O
although	O
housing	O
was	O
always	O
a	O
top	O
matter	O
of	O
expense	O
for	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
countryside	O
residents	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
the	O
cities	O
and	O
towns	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
housing	O
was	O
treated	O
as	O
an	O
employee	O
benefit	O
,	O
freely	O
allocated	O
by	O
work	O
units	O
,	O
and	O
only	O
needing	O
extremely	O
low	O
rent	O
to	O
be	O
submitted	O
every	O
month	O
.	O


In	O
1994	B-DATE
,	O
after	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
decision	O
to	O
deepen	O
city	O
and	O
township	O
housing	O
system	O
reform	O
"	O
was	O
announced	O
,	O
city	O
and	O
township	O
employee	O
housing	O
started	O
to	O
take	O
steps	O
in	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
threefold	B-CARDINAL
common	O
responsibility	O
,	O
namely	O
the	O
State	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
collective	O
and	O
the	O
individual	O
.	O


An	O
obvious	O
sign	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
housing	O
accumulation	O
fund	O
system	O
starting	O
to	O
be	O
commonly	O
established	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
what	O
was	O
revealed	O
at	O
the	O
working	O
forum	O
on	O
housing	O
reform	O
work	O
in	O
some	O
provinces	O
and	O
cities	O
held	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
recently	O
,	O
currently	O
the	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
national	O
accumulation	O
funds	O
surpassed	O
80	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


This	O
huge	O
accumulation	O
fund	O
is	O
playing	O
an	O
increasingly	O
obvious	O
role	O
in	O
supporting	O
individuals	O
to	O
purchase	O
housing	O
and	O
housing	O
construction	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
big	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
monthly	O
rent	O
of	O
public	O
housing	O
in	O
cities	O
and	O
townships	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
regions	O
increasing	O
to	O
account	O
for	O
about	B-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
income	O
of	O
dual	O
income	O
families	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
housing	O
reform	O
is	O
being	O
accelerated	O
,	O
the	O
old	O
method	O
of	O
allocating	O
housing	O
through	O
benefits	O
has	O
still	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
broken	O
through	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
a	O
recent	O
survey	O
conducted	O
among	O
residents	O
of	O
5	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
,	O
namely	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
and	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
relying	O
on	O
work	O
units	O
to	O
allocate	O
housing	O
still	O
remains	O
the	O
main	O
avenue	O
of	O
residential	O
housing	O
in	O
these	O
5	B-CARDINAL
cities	O
.	O


In	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
62.4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
residents	O
currently	O
still	O
have	O
housing	O
still	O
under	O
work	O
unit	O
allocation	O
.	O


Yunfa	B-PERSON
Zhu	I-PERSON
and	O
Yanqun	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
,	O
economic	O
scholars	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Social	B-ORG
Science	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
monetizing	O
housing	O
allocation	O
is	O
a	O
large	O
trend	O
"	O
.	O


Its	O
central	O
content	O
is	O
to	O
abolish	O
benefit	O
housing	O
allocation	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
to	O
increase	O
housing	O
expense	O
amounts	O
in	O
employee	O
salaries	O
.	O


Director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
City	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Township	I-ORG
Construction	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
Junmin	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
the	O
housing	O
reform	O
work	O
of	O
Shandong	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
believes	O
that	O
although	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
housing	O
reform	O
is	O
to	O
realize	O
"	O
residents	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
houses	O
"	O
and	O
housing	O
commercialization	O
,	O
yet	O
considering	O
government	O
financial	O
strength	O
,	O
the	O
condition	O
of	O
enterprise	O
operations	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
employee	O
incomes	O
,	O
at	O
present	O
,	O
still	O
only	O
selling	O
houses	O
and	O
renting	O
houses	O
at	O
cost	O
can	O
be	O
put	O
into	O
practice	O
.	O


Junmin	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
money	O
from	O
employees	O
paying	O
rent	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
pay	O
a	O
mortgage	O
,	O
with	O
housing	O
subsidies	O
and	O
the	O
housing	O
accumulation	O
fund	O
,	O
a	O
dual	O
income	O
family	O
purchasing	O
a	O
75	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
,	O
2	B-CARDINAL
bedroom	O
,	O
economy	O
apartment	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
1996	B-DATE
cost	O
price	O
,	O
will	O
need	O
12	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


If	O
loans	O
such	O
as	O
mortgages	O
,	O
guarantees	O
and	O
installments	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
are	O
also	O
utilized	O
to	O
pay	O
,	O
employees	O
can	O
definitely	O
afford	O
it	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
time	O
housing	O
subsidy	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
,	O
the	O
economic	O
environment	O
of	O
employees	O
buying	O
houses	O
will	O
be	O
eased	O
even	O
more	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
learned	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
currently	O
has	O
about	B-QUANTITY
66	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
of	O
commercial	O
housing	O
overstocked	O
.	O


Financial	O
departments	O
have	O
been	O
requested	O
to	O
develop	O
employee	O
personal	O
housing	O
mortgage	O
and	O
loan	O
business	O
to	O
increase	O
their	O
purchasing	O
ability	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Construction	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Industrial	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
's	O
personal	O
housing	O
mortgages	O
and	O
loans	O
increased	O
to	O
10	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


Concerned	O
departments	O
also	O
cancelled	O
some	O
fee	O
items	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
lower	O
housing	O
construction	O
costs	O
.	O


When	O
analyzing	O
and	O
forecasting	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
economy	O
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
economists	O
recently	O
said	O
that	O
accelerating	O
starting	O
the	O
city	O
and	O
township	O
housing	O
expenses	O
will	O
possibly	O
cause	O
the	O
housing	O
industry	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
new	O
growth	O
point	O
of	O
the	O
domestic	O
economy	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
6	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O


The	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
formally	O
submitted	O
a	O
proposal	O
to	O
establish	O
the	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
directly	O
governed	O
municipality	O
to	O
the	O
5th	B-ORDINAL
session	O
of	O
the	O
Eighth	B-ORDINAL
National	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
.	O


Chongqing	B-GPE
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
cities	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
with	O
a	O
long	O
history	O
of	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
3,000	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
southwestern	O
region	O
and	O
the	O
upper	O
reaches	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
,	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
largest	O
municipal	O
economic	O
center	O
and	O
an	O
important	O
communications	O
hub	O
.	O


As	O
early	O
as	O
the	B-DATE
Period	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
Shang	I-DATE
Dynasty	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
Warring	I-DATE
States	I-DATE
,	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
was	O
the	O
capital	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Ba	I-GPE
State	I-GPE
,	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
Qin	I-DATE
Dynasty	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
Eastern	I-DATE
Han	I-DATE
Dynasty	I-DATE
it	O
became	O
Ba	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
Sui	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
Tang	I-DATE
Dynasties	I-DATE
it	O
was	O
the	B-GPE
Yu	I-GPE
State	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
Song	I-DATE
Dynasty	I-DATE
became	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
Fu	I-GPE
-LRB-	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
now	O
has	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
800	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


Chongqing	B-GPE
was	O
opened	O
up	O
as	O
a	O
commerce	O
port	O
in	O
1891	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
was	O
formally	O
established	O
as	O
a	O
city	O
in	O
1929	B-DATE
.	O


After	O
the	B-EVENT
Japanese	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
broke	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
Nationalist	B-NORP
government	O
moved	O
westward	O
to	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
in	O
1937	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
coastal	O
industrial	O
enterprises	O
also	O
successively	O
moved	O
inward	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
"	O
support	O
capital	O
"	O
of	O
the	O
Nationalist	B-NORP
government	O
in	O
1940	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
politics	O
,	O
economy	O
,	O
commerce	O
and	O
trade	O
,	O
finance	O
,	O
communications	O
,	O
culture	O
and	O
diplomatic	O
activities	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
initial	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
country	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
founding	I-DATE
,	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
was	O
the	O
seat	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Southwestern	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
Southwestern	B-ORG
Military	I-ORG
and	O
Political	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
CCP	I-ORG
and	O
a	O
municipality	O
directly	O
under	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
1954	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
was	O
changed	O
to	O
a	O
regional	O
level	O
city	O
under	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
jurisdiction	O
.	O


From	O
1954	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
1958	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
State	B-ORG
implemented	O
a	O
separate	O
classification	O
planning	O
system	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
mid	I-DATE
'60s	I-DATE
,	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
was	O
the	O
key	O
investment	O
district	O
of	O
third	B-ORDINAL
-	O
line	O
construction	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
becoming	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
important	O
industrial	O
base	O
.	O


In	O
February	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
1983	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
CCP	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
decided	O
to	O
put	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
first	O
group	O
of	O
experimental	O
cities	O
of	O
economic	O
structural	O
reform	O
and	O
cities	O
implementing	O
a	O
separate	O
classification	O
planning	O
system	O
,	O
to	O
grant	O
provincial	O
-	O
level	O
economic	O
management	O
authority	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
open	O
it	O
up	O
as	O
a	O
foreign	O
trade	O
port	O
.	O


Chongqing	B-GPE
is	O
situated	O
in	O
the	O
southeastern	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
basin	O
,	O
being	O
208	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
wide	O
from	O
east	O
to	O
west	O
and	O
220	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
long	O
from	O
north	O
to	O
south	O
.	O


Its	O
downtown	O
is	O
situated	O
on	O
the	O
hill	O
slopes	O
of	O
the	O
intersection	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Yangtze	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
and	O
the	B-LOC
Jialing	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
municipal	O
area	O
is	O
23,114	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
,	O
occupying	O
4	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
area	O
of	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
within	O
which	O
the	O
downtown	O
area	O
is	O
1,534	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
.	O


It	O
currently	O
has	O
jurisdiction	O
over	B-CARDINAL
11	I-CARDINAL
districts	O
and	O
10	B-CARDINAL
counties	O
-LRB-	O
municipalities	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1995	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
total	O
population	O
was	O
15.2	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
proposal	O
put	O
forward	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
after	O
setting	O
up	O
the	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
directly	O
governed	O
municipality	O
,	O
the	O
administrative	O
regions	O
under	O
the	O
jurisdiction	O
of	O
Wanxian	B-GPE
,	O
Fuling	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
Qianjiang	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
will	O
be	O
put	O
under	O
the	O
jurisdiction	O
of	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
municipality	O
.	O


The	O
total	O
area	O
will	O
reach	O
82,000	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
and	O
the	O
total	O
population	O
will	O
be	O
30.02	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Since	O
the	O
3rd	B-ORDINAL
session	O
of	O
the	O
11th	B-ORDINAL
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
CCP	B-ORG
,	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
's	O
domestic	O
economy	O
and	O
social	O
tasks	O
have	O
developed	O
rapidly	O
.	O


Gross	O
domestic	O
output	O
values	O
reached	O
73	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
increasing	O
by	O
4	B-CARDINAL
times	O
compared	O
with	O
1978	B-DATE
,	O
before	O
the	O
reform	O
and	O
opening	O
up	O
.	O


The	O
average	O
living	O
expenses	O
and	O
income	O
of	O
city	O
and	O
township	O
residents	O
reached	O
4053	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
average	O
pure	O
income	O
of	O
peasants	O
reached	O
1554	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
total	O
industrial	O
and	O
agricultural	O
output	O
value	O
was	O
144	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
among	O
which	O
the	O
former	O
was	O
120.1	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


Third	B-ORDINAL
industry	O
output	O
values	O
reached	O
24.7	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
33	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
gross	O
domestic	O
output	O
value	O
.	O


Chongqing	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
currently	O
has	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
2.1	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
various	O
commercial	O
organizations	O
,	O
and	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
300	I-CARDINAL
financial	O
institutions	O
of	O
various	O
kinds	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
established	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
with	O
110	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
annual	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
foreign	O
trade	O
volumes	O
are	O
15	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


It	O
has	O
currently	O
approved	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
1500	I-CARDINAL
projects	O
which	O
utilize	O
foreign	O
capital	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
1575	B-CARDINAL
three	B-CARDINAL
-	O
capital	O
enterprises	O
that	O
are	O
actually	O
using	O
1.7	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
foreign	O
capital	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
1575	B-CARDINAL
triple	O
-	O
capital	O
enterprises	O
.	O


The	O
three	B-CARDINAL
railroads	O
Chengyu	B-FAC
,	O
Chuanqing	B-FAC
,	O
and	O
Xiangyu	B-FAC
,	O
and	O
11	B-CARDINAL
highways	O
meet	O
in	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-FAC
Chengyu	I-FAC
expressway	I-FAC
has	O
been	O
completed	O
and	O
is	O
open	O
for	O
traffic	O
.	O


Chongqing	B-GPE
's	O
port	O
's	O
handling	O
capacity	O
has	O
reached	O
630,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
,	O
and	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
's	O
airport	O
has	O
opened	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
domestic	O
lines	O
and	O
has	O
charter	O
flights	O
going	O
directly	O
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
Nagoya	B-GPE
.	O


Boeing	B-ORG
747	B-PRODUCT
airplanes	I-PRODUCT
can	O
land	O
at	O
the	O
recently	O
built	O
Jiangbei	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
.	O


Chongqing	B-GPE
's	O
dominance	O
of	O
qualified	O
scientists	O
and	O
technicians	O
is	O
relatively	O
prominent	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
western	O
region	O
.	O


Currently	O
there	O
are	O
340	B-CARDINAL
technological	O
research	O
institutions	O
of	O
various	O
types	O
,	O
23	B-CARDINAL
universities	O
and	O
colleges	O
,	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
350,000	I-CARDINAL
qualified	O
scientists	O
and	O
technicians	O
of	O
various	O
types	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
proposal	O
for	O
setting	O
up	O
the	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
directly	O
governed	O
municipality	O
is	O
passed	O
,	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
will	O
become	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
directly	O
governed	O
municipality	O
successively	O
established	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
after	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
and	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
National	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
strives	O
to	O
expand	O
international	O
financial	O
transactions	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
6th	I-DATE
,	O
By	O
reporter	O
Haikuan	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON


According	O
to	O
what	O
officials	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
National	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
revealed	O
,	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
bank	O
has	O
provided	O
financing	O
of	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
for	O
24	B-CARDINAL
national	O
key	O
projects	O
totally	O
,	O
among	O
which	O
18	B-CARDINAL
have	O
finished	O
the	O
signing	O
contracts	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
foreign	O
contracted	O
amount	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
3.4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


This	O
political	O
bank	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
established	O
only	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
raised	O
a	O
loan	O
of	O
100	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
from	O
banking	O
syndicates	O
for	O
Shandong	B-GPE
's	O
Qilu	B-ORG
Ethylene	I-ORG
's	O
Transformation	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Expansion	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
through	O
the	B-ORG
Asia	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
undertook	O
the	O
foreign	O
financing	O
of	O
projects	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
group	O
of	O
14	B-CARDINAL
water	O
wheel	O
sets	O
on	O
the	O
left	O
bank	O
of	O
the	O
dam	O
of	O
the	O
Yangtze	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
Three	B-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
Water	I-ORG
Power	I-ORG
Station	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Qinshan	B-ORG
Nuclear	I-ORG
Power	I-ORG
Station	I-ORG
expansion	O
project	O
,	O
the	B-FAC
Ling'ao	I-FAC
Nuclear	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Station	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
Yellow	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
Xiaolangdi	B-FAC
water	O
conservancy	O
hub	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-FAC
Ertan	I-FAC
Water	I-FAC
Power	I-FAC
Station	I-FAC
.	O


On	O
this	O
basis	O
,	O
the	O
loan	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
development	O
bank	O
is	O
secured	O
and	O
achieved	O
better	O
economic	O
benefits	O
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
return	O
rate	O
on	O
loan	O
principals	O
and	O
interests	O
reached	O
100	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
realized	O
an	O
accumulative	O
total	O
profits	O
of	O
10	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
successfully	O
issued	O
samurai	O
bonds	O
of	O
30	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
Japanese	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
with	O
a	O
status	O
of	O
a	O
national	O
sovereign	O
-	O
level	O
fund	O
raiser	O
last	B-DATE
February	I-DATE
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
issued	O
Yankee	B-PRODUCT
Bonds	I-PRODUCT
of	O
330	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
on	O
the	O
market	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
this	O
year	O
,	O
establishing	O
a	O
good	O
image	O
on	O
the	O
international	O
financial	O
market	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
has	O
already	O
done	O
business	O
such	O
as	O
borrowing	O
money	O
among	O
banks	O
,	O
overseas	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
investments	O
,	O
international	O
liquidations	O
and	O
settlements	O
,	O
etc.	O
with	O
financial	O
institutions	O
that	O
have	O
a	O
higher	O
credit	O
standing	O
both	O
inside	O
and	O
outside	O
the	O
border	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
Moody	B-ORG
Company	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
Japan	B-GPE
Investors	B-ORG
Service	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
gave	O
relatively	O
high	O
appraisals	O
for	O
the	O
outstanding	O
achievements	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
6th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Xisheng	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON


On	O
the	B-DATE
6th	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
Ambassador	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
ShamJie	B-PERSON
,	O
delivered	O
a	O
speech	O
at	O
the	O
luncheon	O
meeting	O
organized	O
by	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
US	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Relations	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
urging	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
to	O
"	O
use	O
strategic	O
vision	O
in	O
adopting	O
continuous	O
,	O
reliable	O
and	O
constructive	O
policies	O
toward	O
China	B-GPE
"	O
,	O
use	O
frank	O
,	O
fully	O
opened	O
dialogue	O
to	O
solve	O
differences	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
over	O
some	O
issues	O
.	O


ShamJie	B-PERSON
pointed	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
must	O
correctly	O
face	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
on	O
the	O
international	O
stage	O
,	O
no	O
matter	O
whether	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
next	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
should	O
treat	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
stable	O
healthy	O
relations	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
big	O
opportunity	O
faced	O
by	O
foreign	O
policy	O
.	O


When	O
speaking	O
on	O
issues	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
human	O
rights	O
and	O
intellectual	O
property	O
rights	O
,	O
this	O
ambassador	O
pointed	O
out	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
already	O
achieved	O
significant	O
progress	O
in	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
areas	O
.	O


He	O
felt	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
freedom	O
and	O
democracy	O
now	O
enjoyed	O
by	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
people	O
is	O
something	O
that	O
could	O
not	O
compare	O
with	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
protection	O
of	O
intellectual	O
property	O
rights	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
already	O
adopted	O
a	O
positive	O
co-operative	O
attitude	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
should	O
not	O
turn	O
a	O
blind	O
eye	O
to	O
this	O
.	O


ShamJie	B-PERSON
also	O
suggested	O
,	O
after	O
China	B-GPE
joins	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
Congress	B-ORG
should	O
cancel	O
annual	O
discussions	O
regarding	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
treatment	O
as	O
a	O
most	O
favored	O
trade	O
nation	O
,	O
and	O
grant	O
China	B-GPE
treatment	O
as	O
a	O
permanent	O
most	O
favored	O
nation	O
.	O


He	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
debate	O
carried	O
out	O
every	O
year	O
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
Congress	B-ORG
on	O
this	O
issue	O
will	O
only	O
be	O
detrimental	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
itself	O
,	O
affecting	O
US	B-GPE
merchants	O
'	O
investment	O
confidence	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
thereby	O
also	O
affecting	O
employment	O
opportunities	O
of	O
Americans	B-NORP
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
8th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Guanghuai	B-PERSON
He	I-PERSON


Recently	O
,	O
two	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
enterprises	O
successively	O
offered	O
stock	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
market	O
reaction	O
was	O
unprecedentedly	O
enthusiastic	O
,	O
totally	O
raising	O
a	O
huge	O
sum	O
of	O
capital	O
of	O
nearly	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
HK	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Securities	O
analysts	O
here	O
said	O
that	O
it	O
shows	O
that	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
eve	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
returning	I-DATE
,	O
overseas	O
investors	O
are	O
increasingly	O
optimistic	O
about	O
the	O
prospects	O
of	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
and	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
economic	O
cooperation	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Shenye	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
announced	O
that	O
during	O
the	O
public	O
sale	O
period	O
from	O
February	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
26th	I-DATE
,	O
438	B-CARDINAL
times	O
of	O
shares	O
excessive	O
subscriptions	O
were	O
achieved	O
,	O
freezing	O
capital	O
of	O
over	O
54.6	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
HK	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
creating	O
a	O
new	O
record	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
subscription	O
shares	O
in	O
the	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
stock	O
market	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
investors	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Shenye	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
market	O
broker	O
fully	O
exercised	O
distribution	O
rights	O
of	O
excessive	O
shares	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
corporate	O
raised	O
capital	O
increasing	O
from	O
the	O
original	O
400	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
HK	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
to	O
532	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
HK	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
launching	O
of	O
the	O
650	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
"	O
H	O
shares	O
"	O
of	O
Shenzhen	B-ORG
Expressway	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd	I-ORG
,	O
right	O
afterward	O
was	O
recently	O
a	O
great	O
success	O
,	O
with	O
raised	O
capital	O
surpassing	O
400	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
HK	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Securities	O
analysts	O
here	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Shenzhen	B-GPE
enterprises	O
are	O
consequently	O
greatly	O
favored	O
by	O
overseas	O
investors	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
playing	O
an	O
extremely	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
developing	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
and	O
in	O
connecting	O
with	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


Since	O
implementing	O
reform	O
and	O
opening	O
up	O
,	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
's	O
advantage	O
of	O
proximity	O
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
has	O
been	O
brought	O
into	O
full	O
play	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
17	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
gross	O
domestic	O
output	O
value	O
of	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
increasing	O
at	O
a	O
high	O
speed	O
of	O
an	O
yearly	O
average	O
of	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
having	O
reached	O
95	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	O
1996	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
strengthening	O
of	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
stamina	O
has	O
constantly	O
upgraded	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
economic	O
cooperation	O
.	O


Shenzhen	B-GPE
has	O
begun	O
its	O
connection	O
of	O
urban	O
infrastructures	O
such	O
as	O
port	O
,	O
traffic	O
,	O
energy	O
,	O
telecommunication	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
with	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


It	O
has	O
basically	O
possessed	O
the	O
conditions	O
for	O
being	O
functionally	O
complementary	O
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
as	O
a	O
center	O
of	O
international	O
finance	O
,	O
transportation	O
,	O
information	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
actual	O
investment	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
merchants	O
in	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
has	O
added	O
up	O
to	O
nearly	O
7	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
65	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
's	O
actually	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
investment	O
.	O


Founded	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
in	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Shenye	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
parent	O
company	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Shenye	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
a	O
trade	O
and	O
investment	O
institution	O
of	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
located	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


It	O
has	O
made	O
considerable	O
contributions	O
to	O
introducing	O
foreign	O
capital	O
,	O
technology	O
and	O
management	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
Shenzhen	I-GPE
Special	I-GPE
Zone	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
to	O
promoting	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


Its	O
profits	O
are	O
mainly	O
from	O
real	O
estate	O
and	O
transportation	O
industry	O
.	O


The	O
funds	O
raised	O
by	O
"	B-ORG
Shenye	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
this	O
time	O
will	O
primarily	O
be	O
invested	O
in	O
developing	O
intercity	O
bus	O
service	O
,	O
national	O
car	O
rental	O
network	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
existing	O
real	O
estate	O
projects	O
,	O
to	O
build	O
up	O
an	O
integrated	O
enterprise	O
with	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
as	O
a	O
base	O
and	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
business	O
focus	O
.	O


Securities	O
analysts	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
price	O
gap	O
in	O
real	O
estate	O
between	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
has	O
widened	O
due	O
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
real	O
estate	O
substantially	O
appreciating	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
.	O


With	O
the	O
return	O
approaching	O
,	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
real	O
estate	O
is	O
bouncing	O
back	O
whereas	O
considerable	O
growth	O
space	O
also	O
exists	O
in	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
-	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
connecting	O
transportation	O
.	O


These	O
factors	O
provided	O
a	O
good	O
profitable	O
environment	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Shenye	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
famous	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
financial	O
groups	O
,	O
Cheung	B-ORG
Kong	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
and	O
Prime	B-ORG
Peregrine	I-ORG
,	O
as	O
strategic	O
investors	O
,	O
have	O
already	O
bought	O
12	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
shares	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Shenye	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
,	O
thoroughly	O
reflecting	O
investor	O
confidence	O
.	O


Concerned	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
officials	O
in	O
charge	O
expressed	O
the	O
intention	O
to	O
build	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Shenye	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
into	O
a	O
"	O
dragons	O
head	O
"	O
institution	O
of	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
which	O
participates	O
in	O
the	O
international	O
capital	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
proper	O
time	O
,	O
to	O
infuse	O
high	O
quality	O
assets	O
into	O
the	O
parent	O
company	O
to	O
accelerate	O
development	O
.	O


Shenzhen	B-ORG
Expressway	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
once	O
developed	O
and	O
operated	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
domestic	O
joint	O
venture	O
expressway	O
-	O
the	B-FAC
Meiguan	I-FAC
Expressway	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
four	B-CARDINAL
expressways	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
grade	O
highways	O
currently	O
being	O
constructed	O
are	O
all	O
important	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
Zhujiang	B-LOC
Delta	I-LOC
road	O
network	O
.	O


To	O
ensure	O
smooth	O
transportation	O
connections	O
with	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
plans	O
to	O
invest	O
12	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
to	O
build	O
a	O
road	O
network	O
extending	O
in	O
all	O
directions	O
by	O
2010	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
municipal	O
government	O
has	O
signed	O
an	O
"	O
exclusive	O
agreement	O
"	O
with	O
"	B-FAC
Shenzhen	I-FAC
Expressway	I-FAC
"	I-FAC
to	O
ensure	O
it	O
has	O
priority	O
development	O
privileges	O
in	O
highway	O
construction	O
.	O


Securities	O
analysts	O
said	O
that	O
"	B-FAC
Shenzhen	I-FAC
Expressway	I-FAC
"	I-FAC
profits	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
reliable	O
guarantee	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Shenye	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
and	O
"	B-ORG
Shenzhen	I-ORG
Expressway	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
both	O
being	O
approved	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Hong	I-ORG
Kong	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
turns	O
a	O
new	O
page	O
in	O
the	O
cooperation	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
stock	O
markets	O
of	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
and	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
is	O
trying	O
to	O
create	O
conditions	O
for	O
Chinese	B-NORP
-	O
concept	O
stock	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
to	O
be	O
listed	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Shenzhen	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
9th	I-DATE


"	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
'	O
Two	B-ORG
Congresses	I-ORG
'	O
were	O
held	O
at	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
historical	O
moment	O
.	O


The	O
main	O
theme	O
of	O
maintaining	O
stability	O
ran	O
through	O
the	O
Congresses	B-ORG
,	O
causing	O
our	O
investment	O
confidence	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
greatly	O
increase	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
President	O
of	O
Siemens	B-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
Kehenen	B-PERSON
made	O
the	O
above	O
comment	O
while	O
recently	O
receiving	O
reporter	O
interviews	O
.	O


Since	O
March	B-DATE
,	O
Mr.	O
Kehenen	B-PERSON
has	O
focused	O
attention	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Two	I-ORG
Congresses	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
with	O
utmost	O
passion	O
.	O


He	O
gets	O
the	O
latest	O
information	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Two	I-ORG
Congresses	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
from	O
papers	O
and	O
TV	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Government	I-WORK_OF_ART
Work	I-WORK_OF_ART
Report	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prime	O
Minister	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
mentioned	O
that	O
priority	O
must	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
infrastructure	O
and	O
of	O
the	O
economy	O
of	O
the	O
Central	O
and	O
Western	O
regions	O
.	O


This	O
happens	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
view	O
as	O
Siemens	B-ORG
'	O
development	O
strategies	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Siemens	B-ORG
invested	O
800	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
to	O
complete	O
Shanxi	B-GPE
's	O
YangCheng	B-LOC
electric	O
power	O
plant	O
project	O
,	O
provided	O
equipment	O
and	O
service	O
to	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
No.	B-FAC
2	I-FAC
subway	I-FAC
line	I-FAC
,	O
participated	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
No.	B-FAC
1	I-FAC
subway	I-FAC
line	I-FAC
and	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
's	O
subway	O
,	O
provided	O
electrical	O
equipment	O
to	O
three	O
steel	O
factories	O
in	O
Zhujiang	B-GPE
,	O
Handan	B-GPE
,	O
Baotou	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
established	O
offices	O
in	O
places	O
such	O
as	O
Wuhan	B-GPE
,	O
Chengdu	B-GPE
,	O
Kunming	B-GPE
,	O
etc	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Siemens	B-ORG
will	O
diligently	O
participate	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
construction	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Three	I-ORG
Gorges	I-ORG
Project	I-ORG
.	O


Kehenen	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
whether	O
a	O
country	O
has	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
attract	O
foreign	O
investment	O
mainly	O
depends	O
on	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
stable	O
political	O
environment	O
and	O
a	O
sound	O
legal	O
system	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
meeting	O
being	O
held	O
here	O
has	O
made	O
outstanding	O
contributions	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
legal	O
establishment	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
learned	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
occupies	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
position	O
in	O
Siemens	B-ORG
'	O
Asia	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
development	O
strategy	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
plans	O
,	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
,	O
Siemens	B-ORG
'	O
total	O
investment	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
exceed	O
1	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
sales	O
amounts	O
are	O
planned	O
to	O
reach	O
7	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
German	I-MONEY
Marks	I-MONEY
.	O


This	O
will	O
be	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
total	O
sales	O
amount	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
-	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
region	I-LOC
.	O


Then	O
,	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
employees	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
reach	O
80,000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
's	O
Siemens	B-ORG
Company	I-ORG
in	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
34	B-CARDINAL
joint	O
-	O
venture	O
companies	O
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
independent	O
companies	O
and	O
14	B-CARDINAL
offices	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
rapidly	O
developing	O
Chinese	B-NORP
electronics	O
and	O
electricals	O
markets	O
,	O
Siemens	B-ORG
already	O
claims	O
a	O
65	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
share	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Weihai	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
6th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yanfeng	B-PERSON
Hou	I-PERSON


For	O
Weihai	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
in	O
Shandong	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
faces	O
Korea	B-GPE
across	O
the	O
sea	O
,	O
Korea	B-GPE
has	O
become	O
the	O
largest	O
investment	O
trade	O
partner	O
of	O
this	O
city	O
,	O
in	O
foreign	O
trade	O
and	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
by	O
Pu	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
mayor	O
of	O
Weihai	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
Weihai	B-GPE
authorized	O
113	B-CARDINAL
projects	O
directly	O
invested	O
by	O
Korea	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
contracted	O
values	O
of	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
funds	O
of	O
300	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
58	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
69	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
projects	O
of	O
introducing	O
foreign	O
funds	O
by	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
and	O
contracted	O
value	O
of	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
funds	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
respectively	O
.	O


Korean	B-NORP
investment	O
enterprises	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
totally	O
reached	O
566	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
total	O
value	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
to	O
Korea	B-GPE
was	O
1.23	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
nearly	B-PERCENT
60	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
value	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
that	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Weihai	B-GPE
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
areas	O
of	O
Mainland	B-LOC
China	I-LOC
to	O
implement	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
cooperation	O
with	O
Korea	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Korea	B-GPE
investment	O
industrial	O
projects	O
of	O
relatively	O
larger	O
scale	O
have	O
successively	O
settled	O
in	O
Weihai	B-GPE
.	O


Of	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
industrial	O
projects	O
,	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Weihai	I-LOC
Economic	I-LOC
and	I-LOC
Technological	I-LOC
Development	I-LOC
Zone	I-LOC
,	O
for	O
which	O
the	O
investment	O
total	O
surpassed	O
20	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
there	O
are	O
three	B-CARDINAL
that	O
are	O
Korean	B-NORP
investments	O
.	O


The	O
project	O
of	O
Shandong	B-ORG
Daewoo	I-ORG
Automobile	I-ORG
Parts	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Components	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
that	O
Korea	B-GPE
's	O
Daewoo	B-ORG
Corp.	I-ORG
is	O
participating	O
in	O
investing	O
in	O
,	O
has	O
a	O
total	O
investment	O
exceeding	B-MONEY
2	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
and	O
an	O
annual	O
production	O
of	O
automobile	O
parts	O
and	O
components	O
that	O
could	O
accessorize	O
200,000	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
300,000	I-CARDINAL
cars	O
.	O


The	O
project	O
for	O
"	O
Heibao	B-ORG
"	O
agricultural	O
vehicles	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Korea	I-ORG
C	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Win	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
Weihai	B-GPE
economic	O
and	O
technological	O
development	O
zone	O
jointly	O
invested	O
29.8	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
,	O
has	O
a	O
total	O
design	O
capacity	O
reaching	O
600,000	B-CARDINAL
cars	O
annually	O
produced	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
phase	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
which	O
annually	O
produces	O
100,000	B-CARDINAL
vehicles	O
for	O
agricultural	O
purposes	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
completed	O
and	O
put	O
into	O
production	O
.	O


Additionally	O
,	O
the	B-LOC
Weihai	I-LOC
economic	I-LOC
and	I-LOC
technological	I-LOC
development	I-LOC
zone	I-LOC
also	O
cooperates	O
with	O
relevant	O
regions	O
in	O
Korea	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
has	O
established	O
so	O
far	O
Shandong	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
exclusive	O
Korean	B-NORP
investment	O
industrial	O
park	O
-	O
the	B-ORG
Qingnan	I-ORG
syndicate	I-ORG
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Qingnan	I-ORG
syndicate	I-ORG
has	O
approved	O
12	B-CARDINAL
entering	O
projects	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
project	O
investment	O
of	O
73.1	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
and	O
has	O
preliminarily	O
formed	O
three	B-CARDINAL
large	O
industries	O
,	O
taking	O
automobile	O
and	O
automobile	O
parts	O
and	O
components	O
processing	O
as	O
the	O
focus	O
.	O


Pu	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
estimated	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
the	O
total	O
Korean	B-NORP
investment	O
actually	O
utilized	O
in	O
Weihai	B-GPE
would	O
possibly	O
break	O
through	O
100	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
traded	O
to	O
Korea	B-GPE
would	O
be	O
1.5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
processing	O
trade	O
with	O
Korea	B-GPE
would	O
be	O
1.4	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Weihai	B-GPE
will	O
become	O
an	O
important	O
overseas	O
processing	O
and	O
assembly	O
base	O
to	O
Korea	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
19th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jianmin	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON


China	B-GPE
's	O
construction	O
materials	O
industry	O
regards	O
strengthening	O
foreign	O
co-operation	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
measure	O
of	O
accelerating	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
areas	O
utilizing	O
foreign	O
capital	O
rapidly	O
expand	O
.	O


Currently	O
the	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
foreign	O
capital	O
attracted	O
by	O
the	O
whole	O
industry	O
has	O
reached	O
5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Construction	I-ORG
Material	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
officials	O
in	O
charge	O
revealed	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
an	O
interview	O
with	O
reporters	O
that	O
,	O
currently	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
cement	O
project	O
items	O
such	O
as	O
Tongling	B-GPE
in	O
Anhui	B-GPE
,	O
Xiangxiang	B-GPE
in	O
Hunan	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
which	O
use	O
loans	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Asian	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
were	O
consecutively	O
put	O
into	O
production	O
.	O


The	O
areas	O
of	O
foreign	O
merchant	O
investment	O
have	O
rapidly	O
developed	O
new	O
types	O
of	O
construction	O
materials	O
,	O
new	O
high	O
technology	O
and	O
deep	O
processing	O
of	O
construction	O
materials	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


A	O
high	O
-	O
class	O
sanitation	O
ceramic	O
technology	O
reconstruction	O
project	O
using	O
a	O
100	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
preferential	O
export	O
credit	O
loan	O
from	O
Italy	B-GPE
is	O
currently	O
achieving	O
active	O
development	O
in	O
places	O
such	O
as	O
Shanxi	B-GPE
,	O
Shandong	B-GPE
,	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
,	O
Jiling	B-GPE
and	O
Hunan	B-GPE
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Recently	O
,	O
mutual	O
co-operation	O
agreements	O
signed	O
by	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Construction	O
Material	O
industry	O
and	O
government	O
ministries	O
of	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
Holland	B-GPE
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
,	O
Thailand	B-GPE
,	O
Greece	B-GPE
,	O
Australia	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
Denmark	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
and	O
multinational	O
companies	O
,	O
and	O
foreign	O
co-operation	O
partners	O
have	O
had	O
a	O
dramatic	O
increase	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
earnings	O
in	O
hard	O
currency	O
from	O
exports	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
construction	O
material	O
products	O
exceeded	O
2.1	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
12	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
cement	O
were	O
exported	O
,	O
increasing	O
46	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
creating	O
history	O
's	O
best	O
record	O
.	O


Additionally	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
also	O
introduced	O
a	O
production	O
line	O
of	O
pre-separating	O
kilns	O
,	O
constructed	O
large	O
scale	O
modernized	O
cement	O
corporations	O
such	O
as	O
Jidong	B-GPE
,	O
Ningguo	B-GPE
,	O
Huaihai	B-GPE
,	O
Liuzhou	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
recently	O
increased	O
annual	O
production	O
capability	O
of	O
22	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
cement	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Daojia	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON


US	B-GPE
capital	O
corporations	O
have	O
become	O
the	O
corporations	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
profits	O
among	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
merchant	O
investment	O
corporations	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
pointed	O
out	O
today	B-DATE
by	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
's	O
vice-Mayor	O
,	B-PERSON
Disheng	I-PERSON
Ye	I-PERSON
,	I-PERSON
when	O
he	O
made	O
a	O
thematic	O
investment	O
report	O
for	O
the	O
'97	B-DATE
MBA	O
class	O
international	O
on	O
-	O
site	O
observation	O
group	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
Stone	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
.	O


Disheng	B-PERSON
Ye	I-PERSON
presented	O
that	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
population	O
of	O
9.4	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
and	O
is	O
the	O
biggest	O
international	O
harbor	O
city	O
and	O
external	O
trading	O
shore	O
in	O
northern	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Tianjin	B-GPE
's	O
gross	O
domestic	O
product	O
has	O
continuously	O
increased	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
14	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10,000	I-CARDINAL
foreign	O
merchant	O
investment	O
corporations	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
city	O
,	O
and	O
foreign	O
capital	O
of	O
about	B-MONEY
16	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
among	O
which	O
US	B-GPE
capital	O
is	O
ranked	O
second	B-ORDINAL
.	O


Disheng	B-PERSON
Ye	I-PERSON
said	O
,	O
currently	O
there	O
are	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
2,000	B-CARDINAL
US	B-GPE
capital	O
corporations	O
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
with	O
total	O
investment	O
values	O
of	O
2	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


US	B-GPE
corporations	O
'	O
investment	O
results	O
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
are	O
generally	O
good	O
,	O
becoming	O
the	O
feature	O
that	O
most	O
attracts	O
people	O
's	O
focus	O
among	O
foreign	O
corporations	O
investing	O
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
US	B-GPE
corporations	O
occupied	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
foreign	O
merchant	O
investment	O
,	O
with	O
operating	O
volume	O
occupying	O
32	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
but	O
profits	O
occupying	O
45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


In	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Motorola	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
invested	O
120	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
investment	O
has	O
already	O
increased	O
to	O
1.2	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
1995	B-DATE
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
this	O
company	O
's	O
operating	O
volume	O
increased	O
from	O
50	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
past	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
2	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
profit	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
exceeded	O
350	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
becoming	O
the	O
most	O
successful	O
foreign	O
merchant	O
investment	O
corporation	O
investing	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Besides	O
Motorola	B-ORG
,	O
large	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Mobil	B-ORG
Oil	I-ORG
,	O
OTIS	B-ORG
,	O
IBM	B-ORG
,	O
AT&T	B-ORG
,	O
P&G	B-ORG
,	O
Coca	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Cola	I-ORG
,	O
Chase	B-ORG
Manhattan	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
SKB	B-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
also	O
invested	O
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
and	O
achieved	O
success	O
.	O


The	O
62	B-CARDINAL
people	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
New	B-ORG
York	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
Stone	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
's	O
'97	B-DATE
MBA	O
class	O
international	O
on	O
-	O
site	O
observation	O
group	O
,	O
came	O
from	O
various	O
big	O
corporations	O
,	O
companies	O
,	O
financial	O
groups	O
,	O
and	O
banks	O
respectively	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
implement	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
survey	O
of	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
's	O
investment	O
policies	O
,	O
finance	O
,	O
education	O
,	O
environmental	O
protection	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE


The	O
White	O
Paper	O
,	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Regarding	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
China	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
US	I-WORK_OF_ART
Balance	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Trade	I-WORK_OF_ART
Problem	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
announced	O
by	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
State	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
today	B-DATE
,	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
unreasonableness	O
of	O
trade	O
statistics	O
determined	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
site	O
of	O
manufacture	O
principle	O
was	O
where	O
the	O
essence	O
lay	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
trade	O
deficit	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
being	O
seriously	O
exaggerated	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
trade	O
balance	O
situation	O
being	O
distorted	O
.	O


The	O
White	O
Paper	O
said	O
that	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
unified	O
original	O
production	O
site	O
rules	O
,	O
each	O
country	O
,	O
when	O
formulating	O
its	O
own	O
original	O
production	O
site	O
rule	O
,	O
often	O
starts	O
out	O
from	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
country	O
,	O
and	O
standards	O
differ	O
,	O
degrees	O
of	O
strictness	O
vary	O
,	O
and	O
randomness	O
sometimes	O
exists	O
in	O
assessing	O
the	O
original	O
production	O
site	O
of	O
imported	O
goods	O
.	O


The	O
White	O
Paper	O
said	O
that	O
now	O
,	O
because	O
economic	O
trade	O
relationships	O
among	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
develop	O
rapidly	O
,	O
cross-national	O
investments	O
increase	O
daily	O
,	O
exchanges	O
in	O
international	O
trade	O
are	O
no	O
longer	O
goods	O
produced	O
in	O
an	O
individual	O
country	O
,	O
but	O
"	O
world	O
products	O
"	O
crossing	O
national	O
boundaries	O
.	O


Methods	O
of	O
calculating	O
export	O
trade	O
according	O
to	O
current	O
original	O
production	O
sites	O
,	O
make	O
it	O
obviously	O
difficult	O
to	O
accurately	O
reflect	O
general	O
trends	O
in	O
changes	O
in	O
world	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


It	O
could	O
even	O
distort	O
the	O
balance	O
of	O
trade	O
situation	O
among	O
countries	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
decades	I-DATE
,	O
rapid	O
development	O
in	O
the	O
processing	O
trade	O
in	O
some	O
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
had	O
increased	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
this	O
problem	O
.	O


The	O
White	O
Paper	O
said	O
,	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
90's	I-DATE
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
important	O
ingredients	O
of	O
the	O
growth	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
trade	O
exports	O
was	O
the	O
expansion	O
of	O
processing	O
trade	O
exports	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
processing	O
trade	O
was	O
mainly	O
developed	O
from	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
labor	O
-	O
intensive	O
manufacturing	O
industries	O
or	O
work	O
processes	O
from	O
developed	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
and	O
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
such	O
as	O
Singapore	B-GPE
,	O
Korea	B-GPE
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
reduce	O
production	O
costs	O
and	O
raise	O
competitiveness	O
.	O


Its	O
products	O
rely	O
on	O
original	O
sales	O
channels	O
,	O
transferring	O
from	O
places	O
like	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
to	O
traditional	O
markets	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
etc	O
.	O


By	O
original	O
production	O
site	O
rule	O
statistics	O
,	O
product	O
exporting	O
countries	O
shifted	O
from	O
these	O
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
White	O
Paper	O
said	O
that	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
exports	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
were	O
transferred	O
out	O
through	O
the	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
region	O
.	O


These	O
products	O
'	O
value	O
-	O
added	O
rates	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
are	O
far	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
value	O
-	O
added	O
rates	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
actual	O
benefits	O
are	O
far	O
higher	O
than	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


If	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
larger	O
value	O
-	O
added	O
portions	O
are	O
counted	O
as	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
exports	O
,	O
then	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
trade	O
surplus	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
could	O
correspondingly	O
decrease	O
,	O
even	O
becoming	O
a	O
deficit	O
.	O


The	O
White	O
Paper	O
thereby	O
drew	O
the	O
conclusion	O
and	O
held	O
that	O
,	O
when	O
using	O
original	O
production	O
site	O
statistics	O
,	O
its	O
limitations	O
must	O
be	O
fully	O
recognized	O
,	O
superficial	O
figures	O
must	O
be	O
seen	O
through	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
actual	O
benefit	O
that	O
each	O
party	O
achieves	O
from	O
trade	O
must	O
be	O
seriously	O
analyzed	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
then	O
help	O
to	O
eliminate	O
misunderstanding	O
,	O
and	O
appropriately	O
solve	O
trade	O
disputes	O
between	O
countries	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
must	O
also	O
consider	O
the	O
increasingly	O
growing	O
trend	O
of	O
increasingly	O
close	O
international	O
economic	O
interaction	O
and	O
international	O
investment	O
,	O
service	O
trade	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
improve	O
and	O
perfect	O
trade	O
statistical	O
methods	O
,	O
make	O
statistical	O
data	O
objective	O
and	O
realistic	O
,	O
create	O
good	O
conditions	O
for	O
mutually	O
beneficial	O
co-operation	O
among	O
various	O
countries	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
healthy	O
development	O
of	O
world	O
economic	O
trade	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
6	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Hongyang	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	B-ORG
Property	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
PICC	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
today	B-DATE
provided	O
an	O
export	O
credit	O
insurance	O
amount	O
of	O
10.45	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
to	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Zhenghua	I-ORG
Harbor	I-ORG
Machinery	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
for	O
them	O
to	O
export	O
container	O
cranes	O
to	O
Brazil	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
largest	O
export	O
credit	O
insurance	O
in	O
the	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
region	O
to	B-DATE
date	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
export	O
project	O
includes	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sets	O
of	O
40	B-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
dock	O
container	O
cranes	O
and	O
3	B-CARDINAL
sets	O
of	O
wheel	O
-	O
type	O
gantry	O
cranes	O
.	O


The	O
Brazilian	B-NORP
side	O
will	O
pay	O
a	O
deposit	O
of	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
advance	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
remaining	O
85	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
payments	O
to	O
be	O
repaid	O
in	O
8	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
insurance	O
service	O
provided	O
by	O
Property	B-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
PICC	I-ORG
this	O
time	O
is	O
to	O
guarantee	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Zhenhua	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
will	O
receive	O
the	O
payment	O
safely	O
according	O
to	O
contract	O
regulations	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
reach	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
supporting	O
and	O
expanding	O
the	O
export	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
electrical	O
goods	O
.	O


The	O
system	O
of	O
export	O
credit	O
insurance	O
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
convention	O
being	O
used	O
internationally	O
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
instructed	O
Property	B-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
PICC	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
to	O
start	O
export	O
credit	O
insurance	O
business	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
provide	O
domestic	O
export	O
enterprises	O
with	O
insurance	O
such	O
as	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
letter	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
credit	O
and	O
non-letter	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
credit	O
export	O
receipts	O
risk	O
insurance	O
,	O
utilize	O
domestic	O
banks	O
'	O
buyer	O
credit	O
or	O
seller	O
's	O
credit	O
to	O
export	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
accessory	O
equipment	O
,	O
etc.	O
medium	O
to	O
long	O
term	O
export	O
receipt	O
risk	O
insurance	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


For	O
this	O
,	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
China	B-GPE
's	O
Central	O
Treasurer	O
allocated	O
100	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
as	O
risk	O
preparation	O
funds	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Protection	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
to	O
launch	O
export	O
credit	O
insurance	O
services	O
.	O


To	B-DATE
date	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Property	I-ORG
Insurance	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
PICC	I-ORG
has	O
provided	O
national	O
export	O
corporations	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
export	O
receipt	O
risk	O
insurance	O
,	O
among	O
which	O
are	O
170,000	B-CARDINAL
projects	O
for	O
short	O
term	O
export	O
business	O
and	O
over	B-CARDINAL
40	I-CARDINAL
projects	O
for	O
medium	O
to	O
long	O
term	O
projects	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Xuejie	B-PERSON
Man	I-PERSON
and	O
correspondent	O
Baoli	B-PERSON
Qin	I-PERSON


Asia	B-LOC
's	O
largest	O
fluorine	O
-	O
free	O
coolant	O
manufacturing	O
base	O
-	O
GreenKel	B-ORG
Coolant	I-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Limited	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
completed	O
construction	O
and	O
went	O
into	O
production	O
recently	O
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
's	O
Development	B-LOC
District	I-LOC
.	O


With	O
headquarters	O
established	O
in	O
Canada	B-GPE
,	O
GreenKel	B-ORG
is	O
a	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
multi-national	O
group	O
company	O
manufacturing	O
and	O
selling	O
fluorine	O
-	O
free	O
coolant	O
.	O


GreenKel	B-ORG
Coolant	I-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
Limited	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
joint	O
-	O
venture	O
corporation	O
jointly	O
built	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
GreenKel	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Northern	I-ORG
American	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Tianjin	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
District	I-ORG
's	O
head	O
office	O
and	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Nanfang	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
with	O
a	O
total	O
investment	O
value	O
of	O
50	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
among	O
which	O
the	O
foreign	O
investment	O
value	O
is	O
41.85	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
company	O
occupies	O
70,000	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
,	O
and	O
introduced	O
a	O
complete	O
set	O
of	O
European	B-NORP
and	O
American	B-NORP
advanced	O
production	O
line	O
and	O
testing	O
equipment	O
,	O
to	O
produce	O
GreenKel	B-ORG
's	O
new	O
series	O
of	O
fluorine	O
-	O
free	O
coolants	O
.	O


The	O
currently	O
completed	O
first	O
phase	O
project	O
annual	O
production	O
volume	O
that	O
could	O
reach	O
10,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
,	O
completely	O
exported	O
for	O
selling	O
overseas	O
,	O
with	O
annual	O
production	O
values	O
reaching	O
200	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
is	O
the	O
fluorine	O
-	O
free	O
coolant	O
production	O
base	O
that	O
currently	O
has	O
the	O
largest	O
production	O
scale	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
advanced	O
equipment	O
and	O
technology	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
completion	O
and	O
entering	O
into	O
production	O
of	O
this	O
production	O
base	O
,	O
signifies	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
fluorine	O
-	O
free	O
coolant	O
production	O
has	O
stepped	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
leading	O
ranks	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
March	B-DATE
7th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Chunxiao	B-PERSON
Zhao	I-PERSON


This	O
reporter	O
learned	O
from	O
the	O
15th	B-ORDINAL
Guangzhou	B-GPE
People	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Representative	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
,	O
that	O
the	O
main	O
targets	O
for	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
's	O
national	O
economic	O
social	O
development	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
are	O
:	O
to	O
seek	O
speed	O
in	O
stability	O
,	O
to	O
liven	O
up	O
in	O
apprehension	O
,	O
to	O
strengthen	O
management	O
and	O
grow	O
effectively	O
.	O


This	O
year	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
macro-economic	O
policy	O
will	O
maintain	O
continuity	O
,	O
stability	O
and	O
require	O
flexibility	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
requested	O
that	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
city	O
's	O
per	O
-	O
capita	O
income	O
grow	O
by	O
13	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
industrial	O
added	O
-	O
value	O
grow	O
by	O
13.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-LRB-	O
total	O
industrial	O
output	O
grow	O
by	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-RRB-	O
;	O
agricultural	O
added	O
-	O
value	O
grow	O
by	O
5.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-LRB-	O
total	O
agricultural	O
output	O
grow	O
by	O
6.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-RRB-	O
;	O
tertiary	B-ORDINAL
production	O
values	O
added	O
grow	O
by	O
13.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
municipal	O
social	O
fixed	O
assets	O
investments	O
grow	O
by	O
11	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
social	O
consumable	O
retails	O
grow	O
by	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
foreign	O
trade	O
exports	O
grow	O
by	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
imports	O
grow	O
by	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
actually	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
investment	O
grow	O
by	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
overall	O
price	O
levels	O
of	O
retail	O
goods	O
to	O
be	O
controlled	O
within	O
6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
financial	O
income	O
within	O
the	O
budget	O
to	O
grow	O
by	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
contribution	O
of	O
technology	O
progress	O
towards	O
industrial	O
economic	O
growth	O
to	O
further	O
increase	O
by	O
1.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
on	O
the	O
foundation	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
city	O
-	O
township	O
registered	O
unemployment	O
rate	O
to	O
be	O
controlled	O
at	O
below	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
population	O
natural	O
growth	O
rate	O
to	O
be	O
controlled	O
below	O
8.2	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O
]	O


According	O
to	O
data	O
provided	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Guangzhou	I-ORG
Statistics	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
,	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
completed	O
a	O
gross	O
domestic	O
product	O
of	O
144.584	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
;	O
completed	O
industrial	O
added	O
values	O
of	O
57.348	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
;	O
agricultural	O
added	O
values	O
of	O
8.075	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
;	O
fixed	O
asset	O
investments	O
of	O
65.545	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
;	O
total	O
social	O
consumable	O
retail	O
amounts	O
of	O
64.432	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
;	O
foreign	O
trade	O
export	O
values	O
of	O
6.513	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
;	O
actual	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
investments	O
of	O
2.6	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
;	O
and	O
a	O
retail	O
goods	O
price	O
index	O
increase	O
of	O
4.3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Ji'nan	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
2nd	I-DATE


With	O
the	O
continual	O
increase	O
of	O
global	O
effectiveness	O
,	O
foreign	O
merchant	O
investment	O
corporations	O
have	O
become	O
the	O
prominent	O
growth	O
point	O
of	O
Shandong	B-GPE
's	O
national	O
economy	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
10,000	I-CARDINAL
foreign	O
-	O
capital	O
corporations	O
operating	O
in	O
Shandong	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
they	O
completed	O
sales	O
values	O
of	O
122.1	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
with	O
realizable	O
profits	O
of	O
5.3	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


According	O
to	O
information	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Provincial	I-ORG
External	I-ORG
Economy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
Shandong	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
-	O
capital	O
corporations	O
'	O
exports	O
achieved	O
5.49	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
occupying	O
51	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
total	O
provincial	O
export	O
values	O
;	O
the	O
entire	O
province	O
's	O
actual	O
utilized	O
foreign	O
capital	O
occupies	O
14.7	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
whole	O
society	O
's	O
fixed	O
asset	O
investment	O
;	O
foreign	O
merchant	O
investment	O
corporation	O
employees	O
have	O
reached	O
1.15	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
occupying	O
10.9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
total	O
industrial	O
employees	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
province	O
.	O


Due	O
to	O
continuing	O
improvement	O
in	O
the	O
investment	O
environment	O
,	O
foreign	O
capital	O
corporations	O
'	O
benefits	O
are	O
good	O
,	O
multinational	O
companies	O
in	O
Shandong	B-GPE
have	O
moved	O
from	O
the	O
exploratory	O
investment	O
stage	O
into	O
the	O
scaled	O
investment	O
stage	O
.	O


Shandong	B-GPE
's	O
Samsung	B-ORG
Electronic	I-ORG
Communication	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
has	O
increased	O
investment	O
twice	O
,	O
becoming	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
largest	O
manufacturing	O
bases	O
of	O
Korea	B-GPE
's	O
Samsung	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Shandong	B-GPE
province	O
's	O
foreign	O
-	O
capital	O
enterprise	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
exports	O
-	O
the	B-ORG
Qingdao	I-ORG
Sanmei	I-ORG
Electrical	I-ORG
Machinery	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
,	O
has	O
increased	O
investment	O
5	B-CARDINAL
to	O
6	B-CARDINAL
times	O
successively	O
,	O
and	O
accumulated	O
investment	O
has	O
reached	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
90	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
11	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Xuejie	B-PERSON
Man	I-PERSON
and	O
correspondent	O
Weizhong	B-PERSON
Dong	I-PERSON


The	B-ORG
Tianjin	I-ORG
Harbor	I-ORG
Bonded	I-ORG
Area	I-ORG
completed	O
and	O
exceeded	O
all	O
the	O
economic	O
targets	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
maintaining	O
a	O
stable	O
lead	O
among	O
all	O
bonded	O
areas	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


According	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
latest	O
statistical	O
data	O
showed	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Tianjin	I-ORG
Bonded	I-ORG
Area	I-ORG
realized	O
a	O
gross	O
domestic	O
product	O
of	O
366	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
for	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
113	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
completed	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
of	O
goods	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
district	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
value	O
of	O
610	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
46	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
completed	O
a	O
total	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
goods	O
value	O
of	O
207	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
23	B-DATE
%	I-DATE
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
an	O
agreed	O
foreign	O
capital	O
amount	O
of	O
125	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
23	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
;	O
and	O
realized	O
income	O
from	O
sales	O
proceeds	O
of	O
1.871	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
,	O
all	O
achieving	O
the	O
best	O
levels	O
in	O
history	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Tianjin	I-ORG
Harbor	I-ORG
Bonded	I-ORG
Area	I-ORG
was	O
established	O
through	O
State	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
approval	O
in	O
May	B-DATE
1991	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
same	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
formally	O
invited	O
businessmen	O
,	O
and	O
closed	O
customs	O
and	O
operating	O
in	O
April	B-DATE
1992	I-DATE
.	O


After	O
nearly	B-DATE
5	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
construction	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
largest	O
and	O
functionally	O
complete	O
bonded	O
area	O
in	O
northern	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Up	O
to	O
now	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
planned	O
surface	O
area	O
of	O
7	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
,	O
already	O
developed	O
land	O
of	O
3.8	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
,	O
accumulated	O
investments	O
in	O
infrastructure	O
facilities	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
1.2	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
has	O
formed	O
complete	O
water	O
,	O
electricity	O
,	O
gas	O
,	O
heat	O
,	O
telecommunications	O
infrastructures	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Currently	O
there	O
are	O
investors	O
from	O
73	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
25	B-CARDINAL
domestic	O
provinces	O
,	O
cities	O
,	O
and	O
autonomous	O
regions	O
investing	O
here	O
.	O


Registered	O
corporations	O
have	O
exceeded	O
3000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
agreed	O
investment	O
exceeds	O
3	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
among	O
which	O
foreign	O
investment	O
reaches	O
2	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
scale	O
of	O
the	O
international	O
flow	O
of	O
goods	O
and	O
the	O
transfer	O
trade	O
is	O
continuously	O
increasing	O
.	O


The	O
total	O
accumulated	O
value	O
of	O
goods	O
in	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
district	O
has	O
already	O
exceeded	O
6	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
international	O
containers	O
in	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
district	O
reaches	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
6000	I-CARDINAL
standard	O
containers	O
per	O
month	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
amount	O
of	O
exports	O
was	O
460	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
transfer	O
trade	O
goods	O
was	O
130	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
occupying	O
the	O
leading	O
level	O
among	O
bonded	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
15th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Ruge	B-PERSON
Xia	I-PERSON
and	O
intern	O
Jiansong	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON


"	B-EVENT
The	I-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Trade	I-EVENT
Organization	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
China	I-EVENT
Service	I-EVENT
Trade	I-EVENT
Seminar	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
will	O
be	O
held	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
on	O
April	B-DATE
19th	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
World	B-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
Director	O
General	O
Ruggiero	B-PERSON
will	O
attend	O
the	O
seminar	O
and	O
deliver	O
a	O
thematic	O
speech	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
learned	O
that	O
the	O
seminar	O
's	O
theme	O
is	O
about	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
commitment	O
to	O
what	O
it	O
has	O
done	O
in	O
opening	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
of	O
service	O
trade	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
finance	O
,	O
insurance	O
,	O
sea	O
and	O
air	O
transportation	O
,	O
consulting	O
,	O
retail	O
industry	O
,	O
advertising	O
,	O
law	O
,	O
accounting	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
during	O
negotiations	O
regarding	O
China	B-GPE
joining	O
the	O
WTO	B-ORG
,	O
what	O
effects	O
will	O
it	O
have	O
on	O
similar	O
domestic	O
industries	O
,	O
what	O
the	O
international	O
competitiveness	O
is	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
industries	O
,	O
how	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
will	O
grasp	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
openness	O
of	O
the	O
service	O
trade	O
during	O
negotiations	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
seminar	O
will	O
explore	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
future	O
setting	O
up	O
of	O
trial	O
joint	O
-	O
venture	O
corporations	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
foreign	O
trade	O
operations	O
.	O


This	O
2	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
seminar	O
is	O
jointly	O
organized	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
and	O
Shanghai	B-ORG
External	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd	I-ORG
.	O


People	O
attending	O
the	O
seminar	O
will	O
also	O
include	O
:	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
vice-minister	O
of	O
External	B-ORG
Economy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
,	O
Yongtu	B-PERSON
Long	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
accompanying	O
Ruggiero	B-PERSON
to	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
former	O
Chief	O
Negotiator	O
for	O
joining	O
GATT	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
former	O
vice-minister	O
of	O
External	B-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
,	O
Jueren	B-PERSON
Shen	I-PERSON
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
various	O
Chinese	B-NORP
provincial	O
and	O
municipal	O
External	B-ORG
Economy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Committees	I-ORG
,	O
people	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
big	O
corporations	O
,	O
experts	O
and	O
scholars	O
will	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
seminar	O
:	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
about	B-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
17th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Tong	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON


China	B-GPE
's	O
Railway	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
will	O
use	O
the	O
railway	O
project	O
World	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
loan	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
railway	O
specific	O
communication	O
network	O
to	O
link	O
the	O
whole	O
country	O
.	O


After	O
aggressive	O
competition	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Zhongyi	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Bidding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
won	O
the	O
bid	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
together	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Electrical	I-ORG
Import	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Affiliation	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
provide	O
the	B-ORG
Railway	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
with	O
a	O
total	O
volume	O
of	O
220,000	B-CARDINAL
lines	O
of	O
program	O
controlled	O
switch	O
equipment	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
contract	O
value	O
of	O
close	O
to	O
20	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Railway	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
personnel	O
presented	O
that	O
,	O
this	O
network	O
construction	O
is	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
railway	O
backbone	O
telecommunication	O
reform	O
project	O
.	O


After	O
it	O
is	O
built	O
and	O
put	O
into	O
service	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
benefit	O
passengers	O
and	O
goods	O
owners	O
from	O
all	O
over	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
including	O
the	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
Macao	B-GPE
regions	O
,	O
to	O
check	O
the	O
situation	O
of	O
railway	O
operations	O
via	O
websites	O
,	O
to	O
reserve	O
passenger	O
tickets	O
or	O
goods	O
allocation	O
in	O
advance	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
track	O
departure	O
and	O
arrival	O
locations	O
of	O
goods	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
infrastructure	O
construction	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
begun	O
to	O
utilize	O
loans	O
from	O
international	O
financial	O
organizations	O
to	O
implement	O
international	O
competitive	O
bidding	O
procurement	O
.	O


This	O
procurement	O
was	O
implemented	O
following	O
international	O
conventions	O
,	O
finally	O
determining	O
that	O
the	O
program	O
controlled	O
switch	O
products	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-ORG
Bell	I-ORG
,	O
represented	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Electrical	I-ORG
Import	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Affiliation	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
has	O
won	O
the	O
bid	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
also	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
orders	O
won	O
by	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
domestically	O
manufactured	O
program	O
controlled	O
switching	O
products	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
learned	O
that	O
the	O
contract	O
parties	O
already	O
held	O
the	O
signature	O
ceremony	O
yesterday	O
at	O
Beijing	B-GPE
's	O
Diaoyutai	B-FAC
State	I-FAC
Hotel	I-FAC
.	O


All	O
the	O
equipment	O
will	O
be	O
completely	O
manufactured	O
and	O
installed	O
within	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
18th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Xiaohui	B-PERSON
Ju	I-PERSON
and	O
Meisi	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON


China	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
co-operation	O
network	O
was	O
formally	O
launched	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
collectively	O
introduce	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
merchant	O
inviting	O
projects	O
from	O
various	O
regions	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
locals	O
and	O
foreigners	O
.	O


This	O
information	O
website	O
that	O
was	O
organized	O
and	O
developed	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Co-operation	I-ORG
Information	I-ORG
Network	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
,	O
organized	O
and	O
collected	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
information	O
and	O
foreign	O
co-operation	O
projects	O
sanctioned	O
from	O
various	O
Chinese	B-NORP
provinces	O
and	O
cities	O
,	O
currently	O
has	O
stored	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
10,000	I-CARDINAL
items	O
of	O
foreign	O
co-operation	O
projects	O
from	O
domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
regions	O
.	O


Domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
merchants	O
can	O
query	O
via	O
the	O
internet	O
,	O
search	O
for	O
project	O
co-operation	O
intention	O
,	O
and	O
accept	O
commissions	O
from	O
domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
merchants	O
to	O
provide	O
investment	O
consulting	O
services	O
,	O
mutual	O
transmission	O
of	O
project	O
information	O
,	O
and	O
promote	O
co-operation	O
project	O
implementation	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Co-operation	I-ORG
Information	I-ORG
Network	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
receives	O
leadership	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Information	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
is	O
jointly	O
organized	O
and	O
built	O
by	O
economic	O
co-ordination	O
departments	O
of	O
some	O
Chinese	B-NORP
provincial	O
and	O
municipal	O
governments	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
annual	O
Spring	B-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
Autumn	I-EVENT
China	I-EVENT
Export	I-EVENT
Commodity	I-EVENT
Trading	I-EVENT
Fair	I-EVENT
,	O
the	B-ORG
Network	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
also	O
regularly	O
holds	O
merchant	O
invitation	O
meetings	O
,	O
taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
opportunity	O
of	O
traveling	O
merchants	O
from	O
various	O
countries	O
gathering	O
for	O
the	B-EVENT
Guangzhou	I-EVENT
Fair	I-EVENT
,	O
to	O
organize	O
and	O
launch	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
co-operation	O
project	O
talks	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
co-operation	O
information	O
announcement	O
meeting	O
has	O
been	O
held	O
twice	O
already	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
3rd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jierong	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON


Recently	O
,	O
HSBC	B-ORG
has	O
moved	O
its	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
branch	O
to	O
the	B-FAC
China	I-FAC
Shipping	I-FAC
Mansion	I-FAC
in	O
the	O
Pudong	B-GPE
Lujiazui	B-LOC
financial	O
trading	O
district	O
,	O
becoming	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
foreign	O
capital	O
bank	O
to	O
be	O
approved	O
to	O
operate	O
RMB	O
business	O
and	O
shift	O
to	O
Pudong	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
the	O
moment	O
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
already	O
has	O
8	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
capital	O
banks	O
approved	O
to	O
operate	O
RMB	O
business	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
's	O
Citibank	B-ORG
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
HSBC	B-ORG
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Tokyo	B-ORG
Mitsubishi	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Industrial	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
Branch	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Standard	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Chartered	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
BNP	B-ORG
Paris	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
Branch	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Dai	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Ichi	I-ORG
Kangyo	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
Branch	O
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Sanwa	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
.	O


According	O
to	O
regulations	O
,	O
these	O
8	B-CARDINAL
banks	O
will	O
all	O
move	O
to	O
Pudong	B-GPE
soon	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
policy	O
was	O
formally	O
announced	O
for	O
the	O
Pudong	B-GPE
Lujiazui	B-LOC
Financial	I-LOC
Trade	I-LOC
District	I-LOC
to	O
allow	O
foreign	O
capital	O
banks	O
to	O
operate	O
RMB	O
business	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
40	B-CARDINAL
foreign	O
capital	O
banks	O
and	O
financial	O
institutions	O
have	O
submitted	O
applications	O
to	O
establish	O
branches	O
in	O
Pudong	B-GPE
.	O


When	O
selecting	O
locations	O
in	O
Lujiazui	B-LOC
,	O
some	O
foreign	O
financial	O
institutions	O
do	O
not	O
mind	O
the	O
real	O
estate	O
prices	O
,	O
but	O
focus	O
more	O
on	O
whether	O
the	O
class	O
of	O
the	O
building	O
is	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
standing	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Franklin	I-ORG
Templeton	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
whose	O
headquarters	O
are	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
USA	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
which	O
has	O
registered	O
capital	O
of	O
130	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
all	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
decided	O
to	O
establish	O
its	O
local	O
China	B-GPE
headquarters	O
in	O
Pudong	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
regional	O
president	O
personally	O
surveyed	O
Pudong	B-GPE
and	O
decided	O
to	O
choose	O
office	O
locations	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
Shanghai	I-FAC
Securities	I-FAC
Building	I-FAC
,	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
floor	O
rate	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
2700	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
per	O
square	O
meter	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Templeton	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
has	O
formally	O
signed	O
a	O
contract	O
,	O
and	O
bought	O
the	O
floor	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
18th	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Securities	I-FAC
Building	I-FAC
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
foreign	O
-	O
capital	O
banks	O
and	O
financial	O
institutions	O
such	O
as	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
HSBC	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
Branch	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Japan	I-ORG
Industrial	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Holland	I-ORG
Co-operation	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
Branch	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Belgium	I-ORG
Credit	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
have	O
successively	O
settled	O
down	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Lujiazui	I-LOC
Financial	I-LOC
Trading	I-LOC
District	I-LOC
.	O


Soon	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
financial	O
institutions	O
,	O
and	O
large	O
companies	O
will	O
also	O
come	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
after	O
another	O
,	O
to	O
settle	O
in	O
.	O


Together	O
with	O
the	O
financial	O
street	O
which	O
has	O
already	O
formed	O
in	O
the	O
Waitan	B-LOC
district	O
,	O
a	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
central	O
commercial	O
district	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
forming	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23	I-DATE


The	O
report	O
that	O
was	O
recently	O
published	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
on	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
China	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Future	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Asia	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Pacific	I-WORK_OF_ART
Economy	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
under	O
the	B-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Economic	B-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
fast	O
growth	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
will	O
benefit	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
Asia	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
region	O
.	O


This	O
report	O
predicted	O
that	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2010	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
proportion	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
accounts	O
for	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
will	O
rise	O
from	O
the	O
current	O
2.5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
5	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
or	O
6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
;	O
the	O
proportion	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
exports	O
accounts	O
for	O
among	O
total	O
world	O
exports	O
will	O
expand	O
from	O
the	O
current	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
report	O
said	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
rapid	O
economic	O
growth	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
viewed	O
as	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
threat	O
,	O
but	O
should	O
be	O
viewed	O
as	O
a	O
positive	O
ingredient	O
helping	O
to	O
promote	O
an	O
Asia	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
region	O
filled	O
with	O
life	O
and	O
developing	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
hoped	O
that	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
government	O
and	O
society	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
provide	O
co-operation	O
in	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
interior	O
development	O
,	O
environmental	O
control	O
and	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
fledged	O
financial	O
capital	O
market	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
also	O
pointed	O
out	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
technological	O
development	O
and	O
the	O
rise	O
in	O
productivity	O
,	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
continue	O
to	O
maintain	O
an	O
economic	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
plus	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
very	O
great	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
DC	I-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
28th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jingsheng	B-PERSON
Zhai	I-PERSON


Yuan	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
,	O
delivered	O
a	O
written	O
speech	O
at	O
the	O
48th	B-ORDINAL
meeting	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Temporary	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Monetary	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
here	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
28th	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
called	O
for	O
all	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
strengthen	O
co-operation	O
and	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
continuous	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
world	O
economic	O
growth	O
had	O
some	O
acceleration	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
pressure	O
of	O
global	O
inflation	O
was	O
further	O
reduced	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
world	O
economy	O
integration	O
significantly	O
increased	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
continuous	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
still	O
faces	O
quite	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
macro-economic	O
imbalance	O
factors	O
and	O
structural	O
obstacles	O
.	O


Apart	O
from	O
each	O
country	O
's	O
efforts	O
to	O
mainly	O
depend	O
on	O
itself	O
,	O
strengthening	O
international	O
co-operation	O
will	O
help	O
to	O
eliminate	O
stumbling	O
factors	O
in	O
the	O
growth	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
.	O


He	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
in	O
some	O
European	B-NORP
industrial	O
countries	O
current	O
economy	O
lagging	O
is	O
mainly	O
due	O
to	O
structural	O
obstacles	O
such	O
as	O
over	O
-	O
burdened	O
social	O
welfare	O
systems	O
and	O
the	O
ossification	O
of	O
labor	O
markets	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
existing	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Accelerating	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
structural	O
reform	O
will	O
not	O
only	O
be	O
beneficial	O
to	O
promoting	O
the	O
economic	O
recovery	O
of	O
these	O
countries	O
and	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
European	B-NORP
economy	O
and	O
currency	O
union	O
,	O
but	O
will	O
also	O
have	O
active	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
continuous	O
growth	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
.	O


Other	O
industrial	O
countries	O
should	O
also	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
opportunity	O
while	O
the	O
economic	O
situation	O
is	O
still	O
good	O
to	O
reduce	O
budget	O
deficits	O
and	O
increase	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
structural	O
reform	O
.	O


Yuan	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
believed	O
that	O
because	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
developing	O
countries	O
are	O
actively	O
promoting	O
structural	O
reform	O
and	O
adopting	O
measures	O
to	O
stabilize	O
their	O
economy	O
,	O
these	O
countries	O
as	O
a	O
unified	O
body	O
have	O
maintained	O
a	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
above	O
6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
5	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
running	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
good	O
prospects	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
maintain	O
such	O
a	O
strong	O
growth	O
trend	O
.	O


The	O
contribution	O
of	O
developing	O
countries	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
is	O
increasingly	O
large	O
.	O


The	O
degree	O
of	O
contact	O
with	O
one	O
another	O
and	O
with	O
other	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
is	O
increasing	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
disparities	O
in	O
economic	O
growth	O
between	O
regions	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
a	O
narrowing	O
trend	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
Yuan	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
emphasized	O
that	O
economic	O
development	O
among	O
the	O
developing	O
countries	O
is	O
still	O
not	O
even	O
.	O


The	O
economy	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
is	O
still	O
very	O
fragile	O
.	O


Their	O
debts	O
are	O
still	O
heavy	O
and	O
the	O
poverty	O
situation	O
is	O
worsening	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
development	O
and	O
co-operation	O
,	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
should	O
adopt	O
realistic	O
and	O
feasible	O
measures	O
to	O
help	O
these	O
developing	O
countries	O
solve	O
these	O
problems	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
the	O
signs	O
of	O
globalization	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
are	O
becoming	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
obvious	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
has	O
been	O
greatly	O
pushed	O
towards	O
prosperity	O
.	O


The	O
unification	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
is	O
intensifying	O
with	O
each	O
passing	O
day	O
.	O


Facing	O
the	O
challenges	O
brought	O
by	O
globalization	O
,	O
each	O
country	O
should	O
continuously	O
implement	O
sound	O
economic	O
policies	O
and	O
deepen	O
structural	O
reform	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
enjoy	O
the	O
most	O
benefits	O
from	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
globalization	O
and	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
negative	O
effects	O
.	O


Yuan	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
also	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
what	O
causes	O
worry	O
is	O
that	O
some	O
industrial	O
countries	O
take	O
labor	O
standards	O
,	O
environment	O
and	O
human	O
rights	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
as	O
excuses	O
to	O
frequently	O
adopt	O
trade	O
protection	O
measures	O
.	O


This	O
severely	O
affects	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
world	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
still	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
developing	O
countries	O
that	O
have	O
not	O
benefited	O
from	O
the	O
progress	O
of	O
globalization	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
connection	O
,	O
he	O
appealed	O
to	O
the	O
industrial	O
countries	O
to	O
eliminate	O
obstacles	O
to	O
the	O
progress	O
of	O
the	O
globalization	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


In	O
concluding	O
his	O
speech	O
,	O
Yuan	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
only	B-DATE
64	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
left	O
for	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
regain	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
exercise	O
sovereignty	O
over	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
preparatory	O
work	O
for	O
handing	O
over	O
and	O
taking	O
over	O
is	O
near	O
completion	O
,	O
and	O
preparatory	O
organization	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Hong	I-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
Special	I-GPE
Administrative	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
is	O
basically	O
ready	O
.	O


The	O
confidence	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
has	O
increased	O
.	O


The	O
prosperous	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
economy	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
mainland	O
will	O
enable	O
continuous	O
provision	O
of	O
strong	O
shield	O
-	O
like	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
prosperity	O
of	O
the	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
economy	O
.	O


On	O
behalf	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
he	O
welcomed	O
the	O
participants	O
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
,	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
attend	O
the	O
next	O
meeting	O
and	O
the	O
1997	B-DATE
annual	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Temporary	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Monetary	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Wuhan	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
3rd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Weibin	B-PERSON
Tang	I-PERSON


The	B-ORG
Wuhan	I-ORG
Representative	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Holland	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Promotion	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
recently	O
was	O
officially	O
established	O
in	O
Wuhan	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
representative	O
office	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Holland	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Promotion	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
has	O
established	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
task	O
of	O
this	O
representative	O
office	O
is	O
to	O
enable	O
government	O
and	O
enterprises	O
of	O
Holland	B-GPE
to	O
learn	O
duly	O
about	O
the	O
economic	O
development	O
of	O
Hubei	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
help	O
enterprises	O
in	O
Holland	B-GPE
confirm	O
possibilities	O
of	O
trade	O
and	O
investment	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
assist	O
with	O
contacts	O
between	O
enterprises	O
in	O
Holland	B-GPE
,	O
local	O
enterprises	O
and	O
governmental	O
offices	O
,	O
provide	O
consultation	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Howdeyen	B-PERSON
,	O
Holland	B-GPE
's	O
ambassador	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
at	O
the	O
opening	O
ribbon	O
cutting	O
ceremony	O
that	O
the	O
reason	O
why	O
he	O
had	O
chosen	O
to	O
establish	O
an	O
office	O
in	O
Wuhan	B-GPE
is	O
because	O
the	O
water	O
and	O
land	O
transportation	O
of	O
Wuhan	B-GPE
is	O
convenient	O
and	O
the	O
geographic	O
location	O
is	O
advantageous	O
.	O


Furthermore	O
government	O
and	O
industry	O
circles	O
in	O
Holland	B-GPE
all	O
believe	O
that	O
Hubei	B-GPE
is	O
an	O
area	O
with	O
high	O
potential	O
.	O


Possibilities	O
for	O
cooperation	O
exist	O
with	O
Holland	B-GPE
in	O
many	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
transportation	O
,	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
agriculture	O
,	O
energy	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


As	O
early	O
as	O
the	B-DATE
80's	I-DATE
the	B-ORG
Philips	I-ORG
company	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Dutch	B-NORP
multinational	O
company	O
,	O
cooperated	O
with	O
Wuhan	B-GPE
and	O
established	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
joint	O
venture	O
company	O
,	O
Changfei	B-ORG
Optical	I-ORG
Fiber	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Optical	I-ORG
Fiber	I-ORG
Cable	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd	I-ORG
.	O


As	O
the	B-DATE
90's	I-DATE
are	O
entered	O
,	O
the	O
cooperation	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
parties	O
continues	O
to	O
develop	O
.	O


Not	O
long	O
ago	O
the	B-ORG
Wuhan	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Dutch	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
was	O
also	O
officially	O
established	O
.	O


Qingping	B-PERSON
Meng	I-PERSON
,	O
vice-governor	O
of	O
Hubei	B-GPE
province	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Wuhan	I-ORG
Representative	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Holland	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Promotion	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
indicates	O
that	O
friendly	O
relationships	O
and	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
cooperation	O
between	O
government	O
,	O
industry	O
and	O
commerce	O
circles	O
in	O
Holland	B-GPE
and	O
Wuhan	B-GPE
in	O
Hubei	B-GPE
has	O
gone	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
phase	O
.	O


We	O
hope	O
that	O
such	O
cooperation	O
will	O
develop	O
uninterruptedly	O
and	O
yield	O
plentiful	O
and	O
substantial	O
fruit	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
Andes	B-LOC
parliament	O
meeting	O
was	O
convened	O
in	O
Lima	B-GPE
on	O
the	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE
.	O


Alberto	B-PERSON
Fujimori	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Peru	B-GPE
presided	O
over	O
the	O
opening	O
ceremony	O
.	O


President	O
Fujimori	B-PERSON
appealed	O
at	O
the	O
opening	O
ceremony	O
for	O
the	O
countries	O
of	O
the	O
Andes	B-LOC
to	O
strive	O
together	O
to	O
achieve	O
local	O
integration	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
shake	O
off	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
being	O
undeveloped	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
appealed	O
for	O
all	O
countries	O
to	O
unite	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
to	O
deal	O
with	O
foreign	O
debt	O
,	O
drug	O
trafficking	O
and	O
violent	O
activities	O
.	O


This	O
session	O
of	O
the	O
Andes	B-LOC
parliament	O
meeting	O
will	O
last	O
until	O
the	B-DATE
16th	I-DATE
.	O


The	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
prepares	O
to	O
withdraw	O
Soviet	B-NORP
troops	O
stationed	O
in	O
Poland	B-GPE
starting	O
in	O
May	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
withdraw	O
completely	O
before	O
the	B-DATE
middle	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1994	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
suggestion	O
put	O
forward	O
by	O
Soviet	B-NORP
side	O
in	O
Polish	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Soviet	I-NORP
negotiations	O
being	O
held	O
in	O
Warsaw	B-GPE
concerning	O
issues	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
withdrawing	O
troops	O
from	O
Poland	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
troops	O
going	O
across	O
the	O
border	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
about	B-CARDINAL
50,000	I-CARDINAL
Soviet	B-NORP
troops	O
stationed	O
in	O
Poland	B-GPE
.	O


Chad	B-GPE
's	O
New	O
President	O
Idriss	B-PERSON
Deby	I-PERSON
arrived	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
on	O
the	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE
for	O
a	O
visit	O
.	O


President	O
Mitterrand	B-PERSON
had	O
a	B-TIME
half	I-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
's	I-TIME
secret	O
meeting	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Deby	B-PERSON
hoped	O
that	O
France	B-GPE
will	O
give	O
Chad	B-GPE
"	O
full	O
support	O
"	O
.	O


While	O
expressing	O
agreement	O
to	O
provide	O
co-operation	O
,	O
France	B-GPE
expressed	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
end	O
the	O
military	O
agreement	O
with	O
Chad	B-GPE
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
France	B-GPE
has	O
1200	B-CARDINAL
soldiers	O
stationed	O
in	O
Chad	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
special	O
telegram	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Xiangguang	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON


This	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
the	O
Soviet	B-GPE
Union	I-GPE
president	O
's	O
news	O
spokesperson	O
,	B-PERSON
Igor	I-PERSON
Najinko	I-PERSON
,	I-PERSON
said	O
at	O
the	O
news	O
conference	O
that	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
reports	O
by	O
president	O
special	O
envoy	O
,	O
Primakov	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
currently	O
visiting	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
minister	O
Azis	B-PERSON
,	O
receiving	O
appointment	O
by	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
President	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
,	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
Moscow	B-GPE
on	O
February	B-DATE
17th	I-DATE
to	O
continue	O
holding	O
talks	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
.	O


Igor	B-PERSON
Njinko	I-PERSON
said	O
,	O
while	O
Azis	B-PERSON
is	O
in	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
president	O
Gorbachev	B-GPE
may	O
meet	O
him	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE


According	O
to	O
what	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
by	O
a	O
public	O
opinion	O
poll	O
published	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
Politics	B-ORG
Weekly	I-ORG
"	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
56	B-PERSON
%	I-PERSON
of	O
French	B-NORP
people	O
support	O
immediately	O
stopping	O
the	B-EVENT
Gulf	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
and	O
starting	O
negotiations	O
to	O
try	O
for	O
the	O
peaceful	O
settlement	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Gulf	I-EVENT
Crisis	I-EVENT
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
,	O
February	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
decided	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE
to	O
hold	O
a	O
secret	O
meeting	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
14th	I-DATE
,	O
discussing	O
the	B-EVENT
Gulf	I-EVENT
conflict	I-EVENT
.	O


For	O
several	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
,	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
Cuba	B-GPE
,	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
been	O
asking	O
the	O
to	O
hold	O
a	O
formal	O
meeting	O
.	O


They	O
believe	O
that	O
air	O
attacks	O
made	O
on	O
Iraq	B-GPE
by	O
multinational	O
forces	O
headed	O
by	O
American	B-NORP
forces	O
exceeded	O
the	O
authorization	O
limits	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
.	O


However	O
,	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
are	O
against	O
holding	O
a	O
formal	O
meeting	O
.	O


The	O
proposal	O
to	O
hold	O
a	O
secret	O
meeting	O
was	O
brought	O
forward	O
by	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
vote	O
of	O
the	O
15	B-CARDINAL
member	O
countries	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
was	O
:	O
9	B-CARDINAL
votes	O
for	O
the	O
proposal	O
,	O
2	B-CARDINAL
votes	O
against	O
and	O
4	B-CARDINAL
votes	O
abstaining	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
voted	O
for	O
the	O
proposal	O
and	O
China	B-GPE
abstained	O
.	O


Hannei	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
ambassador	O
to	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
said	O
when	O
he	O
brought	O
forward	O
this	O
proposal	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
present	O
situation	O
was	O
"	O
special	O
"	O
,	O
the	O
Security	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
meeting	O
should	O
be	O
held	O
secretly	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
must	O
deliberate	O
on	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
situation	O
without	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
any	O
reporters	O
and	O
other	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
public	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE


The	O
American	B-NORP
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
admitted	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE
that	O
when	O
the	O
air	O
force	O
of	O
the	O
multi-national	O
forces	O
made	O
air	O
attacks	O
on	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
capital	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
they	O
caused	O
the	O
deaths	O
of	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
civilians	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
insisted	O
in	O
believing	O
that	O
what	O
the	O
multi-national	O
forces	O
bombed	O
was	O
a	O
military	O
target	O
.	O


White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
spokesman	O
Fitzwater	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
government	O
considers	O
this	O
"	O
really	O
is	O
a	O
tragic	O
outcome	O
"	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
condemned	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
for	O
placing	O
civilians	O
within	O
a	O
military	O
installation	O
,	O
and	O
placing	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
dangerous	O
situation	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
believes	O
that	O
the	O
target	O
hit	O
was	O
a	O
command	O
and	O
control	O
center	O
for	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
army	O
.	O


This	O
installation	O
"	O
was	O
coated	O
and	O
camouflaged	O
to	O
avoid	O
reconnaissance	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
evidence	O
indicates	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
military	O
target	O
.	O
"	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE


Paoen	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
BBC	B-ORG
's	O
reporter	O
stationed	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
capital	O
,	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
attested	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE
that	O
no	O
evidence	O
has	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
air	O
-	O
raid	O
shelter	O
bombed	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
by	O
American	B-NORP
bombers	O
was	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
military	O
bunker	O
.	O


The	O
speech	O
given	O
by	O
Pauen	B-PERSON
in	O
the	O
BBC	B-ORG
TV	I-ORG
news	O
disproved	O
what	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
officials	O
have	O
claimed	O
that	O
this	O
air	O
-	O
raid	O
shelter	O
was	O
a	O
camouflaged	O
military	O
bunker	O
.	O


Pauen	B-PERSON
had	O
gone	O
to	O
the	O
scene	O
to	O
gather	O
news	O
about	O
the	O
bombed	O
air	O
-	O
raid	O
shelter	O
where	O
around	O
400	B-CARDINAL
civilians	O
lost	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


The	O
warm	O
atmosphere	O
and	O
harmony	O
of	O
the	O
Flower	B-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
pageant	O
overflows	O
.	O


Musicians	O
play	O
music	O
to	O
welcome	O
the	O
spring	O
breeze	O
.	O


At	O
Holland	B-GPE
's	O
annual	O
Flower	B-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
pageant	O
,	O
people	O
created	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
floats	O
using	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
fresh	O
flowers	O
and	O
gathered	O
happily	O
in	O
the	O
streets	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
musicians	O
on	O
the	O
floats	O
playing	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Welcome	I-WORK_OF_ART
spring	I-WORK_OF_ART
music	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
at	O
the	B-EVENT
Flower	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
.	O


Taken	O
by	O
Zhongnan	B-PERSON
Guo	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
via	O
Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Stockholm	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yaoming	B-PERSON
Gu	I-PERSON


Longbin	B-PERSON
Tang	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
ambassador	O
to	O
Sweden	B-GPE
,	O
held	O
a	O
Chinese	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
buffet	O
reception	O
for	O
local	O
Chinese	B-NORP
on	O
the	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
Feb.	I-TIME
12th	I-TIME
.	O


About	O
80	B-CARDINAL
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
foreign	O
citizens	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
origin	O
gathered	O
together	O
happily	O
in	O
a	O
hall	O
with	O
the	O
embassy	O
staff	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
embassy	O
hall	O
,	O
decorated	O
with	O
lanterns	O
and	O
colored	O
streamers	O
,	O
the	O
hosts	O
and	O
guests	O
were	O
toasting	O
together	O
and	O
wishing	O
each	O
other	O
a	O
happy	O
Chinese	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
and	O
that	O
everything	O
may	O
go	O
smoothly	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
toast	O
speech	O
,	O
ambassador	O
Longbin	B-PERSON
Tang	I-PERSON
reviewed	O
the	O
stably	O
developing	O
political	O
and	O
economic	O
situations	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
extended	O
gratitude	O
to	O
the	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
foreign	O
citizens	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
origin	O
for	O
their	O
warm	O
support	O
for	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
construction	O
undertaking	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
contributions	O
made	O
to	O
developing	O
friendship	O
between	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Sweden	B-GPE
.	O


During	O
the	B-EVENT
Chinese	I-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
embassy	O
will	O
also	O
hold	O
a	O
movie	O
reception	O
for	O
local	O
Chinese	B-NORP
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
Feb.	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Te'an	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON


Last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
Chaozhu	B-PERSON
Ji	I-PERSON
,	O
Chinese	B-NORP
ambassador	O
to	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
,	O
held	O
a	B-EVENT
Chinese	I-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
welcoming	O
reception	O
in	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
embassy	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
300	I-CARDINAL
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
people	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
origin	O
living	O
in	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
gathered	O
cheerfully	O
together	O
in	O
the	O
hall	O
to	O
celebrate	O
the	B-EVENT
Chinese	I-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
the	I-EVENT
Goat	I-EVENT
.	O


Ambassador	O
Ji	B-PERSON
gave	O
a	O
warm	O
speech	O
at	O
the	O
reception	O
.	O


He	O
happily	O
told	O
the	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
attending	O
the	O
reception	O
that	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
is	O
a	O
year	O
when	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
overcome	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
difficulties	O
,	O
making	O
remarkable	O
,	O
internationally	O
recognized	O
achievements	O
in	O
domestic	O
construction	O
and	O
international	O
affairs	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
we	O
also	O
plan	O
to	O
double	O
the	O
current	O
GNP	O
again	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
power	O
will	O
become	O
stronger	O
.	O


Ambassador	O
Ji	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
"	O
When	O
our	O
motherland	O
becomes	O
stronger	O
,	O
the	O
standing	O
of	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
will	O
also	O
improve	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
returned	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
,	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
deep	O
understanding	O
about	O
this	O
myself	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
commended	O
British	B-NORP
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
people	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
origin	O
in	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
,	O
on	O
the	O
magnitude	O
of	O
donations	O
made	O
towards	O
the	B-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
Asian	I-EVENT
Olympics	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
,	O
and	O
the	O
multitude	O
of	O
people	O
returning	O
home	O
to	O
watch	O
the	B-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
Asian	I-EVENT
Olympics	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
,	O
both	O
ranked	O
number	O
one	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
and	O
said	O
that	O
they	O
played	O
a	O
"	O
bridge	O
role	O
"	O
in	O
promoting	O
friendship	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
.	O


Ambassador	O
Ji	B-PERSON
will	O
soon	O
leave	O
for	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
to	O
take	O
up	O
the	O
post	O
of	O
vice-secretary	O
to	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
and	O
when	O
he	O
took	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
say	O
goodbye	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
the	O
whole	O
audience	O
applauded	O
warmly	O
in	O
return	O
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
Feb.	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Qihua	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON


Last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
at	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
embassy	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
holiday	O
atmosphere	O
.	O


To	O
welcome	O
the	O
Chinese	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
holiday	O
,	O
ambassador	O
Fangbo	B-PERSON
Cai	I-PERSON
held	O
a	O
grand	O
cocktail	O
party	O
,	O
entertaining	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
500	I-CARDINAL
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
residing	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
the	O
cocktail	O
party	O
,	O
ambassador	O
Cai	B-PERSON
gave	O
a	O
warm	O
speech	O
to	O
elders	O
and	O
brothers	O
abroad	O
who	O
have	O
always	O
shown	O
concern	O
in	O
the	O
construction	O
undertaking	O
in	O
the	O
motherland	O
.	O


He	O
emphatically	O
introduced	O
our	O
country	O
's	O
achievements	O
during	O
the	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
'	O
Five	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
Plan	O
'	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
guiding	O
principles	O
of	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
steps	O
for	O
achieving	O
modernization	O
.	O


Ambassador	O
Cai	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
,	O
currently	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
politics	O
are	O
stable	O
,	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
stable	O
,	O
society	O
is	O
stable	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
will	O
be	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
striding	O
forward	O
and	O
being	O
full	O
of	O
hope	O
.	O


People	O
firmly	O
believed	O
that	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
in	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
Chinese	B-NORP
friends	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
Emperor	O
's	O
offspring	O
who	O
love	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
nation	O
,	O
will	O
continue	O
as	O
always	O
to	O
strive	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
people	O
of	O
all	O
nationalities	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
undertaking	O
of	O
unity	O
in	O
the	O
motherland	O
and	O
the	O
vigor	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


This	O
paper	O
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
13th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
Reporter	O
Qixin	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
reporting	O
:	O


Before	O
the	O
traditional	O
festival	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Chinese	I-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
,	O
Qizhen	B-PERSON
Zhu	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
ambassador	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
gave	O
a	O
video	O
-	O
recorded	O
speech	O
to	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
wishing	O
them	O
a	O
happy	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
.	O


In	O
his	O
speech	O
,	O
Ambassador	O
Zhu	B-PERSON
presented	O
to	O
the	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
that	O
,	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
maintained	O
the	O
policy	O
of	O
reform	O
and	O
opening	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
adhered	O
to	O
the	O
socialist	O
road	O
,	O
having	O
made	O
new	O
achievements	O
in	O
the	O
economy	O
and	O
has	O
further	O
enhanced	O
the	O
political	O
stability	O
and	O
the	O
social	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
country	O
.	O


When	O
talking	O
about	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
independent	O
,	O
autonomous	O
foreign	O
policy	O
of	O
peace	O
and	O
relations	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Ambassador	O
Zhu	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
relations	O
have	O
gradually	O
recovered	O
and	O
improved	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
share	O
common	O
or	O
similar	O
opinions	O
on	O
some	O
international	O
issues	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
government	O
's	O
sanctions	O
toward	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
date	O
still	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
totally	O
lifted	O
,	O
and	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
relations	O
have	O
still	O
not	O
fully	O
returned	O
to	O
normal	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
maintaining	O
friendship	O
conforms	O
to	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
'	O
people	O
's	O
interests	O
and	O
also	O
benefits	O
the	O
peace	O
and	O
stability	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
region	I-LOC
and	O
even	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
sanctions	O
on	O
China	B-GPE
imposed	O
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
government	O
should	O
be	O
lifted	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
normal	O
contacts	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
should	O
be	O
resumed	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


Relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
should	O
develop	O
healthily	O
by	O
strictly	O
abiding	O
by	O
principles	O
specified	O
in	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
joint	O
communiques	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


Qizhen	B-PERSON
Zhu	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
confidence	O
in	O
following	O
along	O
the	O
road	O
they	O
chose	O
,	O
and	O
steadily	O
marching	O
forward	O
,	O
gradually	O
realizing	O
the	O
already	O
determined	O
second	B-ORDINAL
and	O
third	B-ORDINAL
development	O
strategic	O
objectives	O
,	O
and	O
striving	O
to	O
realize	O
the	O
peaceful	O
unity	O
of	O
the	O
motherland	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


He	O
hoped	O
that	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
will	O
continue	O
to	O
make	O
more	O
aspiring	O
efforts	O
in	O
accelerating	O
economic	O
development	O
and	O
unity	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
14th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Wangda	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON


Dumas	B-PERSON
,	O
Minister	O
for	O
Foreign	O
Affairs	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
France	B-GPE
would	O
not	O
agree	O
with	O
the	O
request	O
of	O
amending	O
the	B-LAW
United	I-LAW
Nations	I-LAW
Charter	I-LAW
in	O
order	O
to	O
reassign	O
the	O
seats	O
of	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
permanent	O
members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
French	B-NORP
Minister	O
for	O
Foreign	O
Affairs	O
issued	O
the	O
above	O
statement	O
at	O
the	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
National	B-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


Dumas	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Minister	O
for	O
Foreign	O
Affairs	O
believes	O
that	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
was	O
born	O
after	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
and	O
that	O
France	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
other	O
permanent	O
members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
in	O
that	O
all	O
were	O
victors	O
.	O


Even	O
though	O
Germany	B-GPE
and	O
Italy	B-GPE
,	O
as	O
defeated	O
countries	O
,	O
today	B-DATE
have	O
already	O
become	O
democratic	O
countries	O
,	O
nevertheless	O
,	O
when	O
facing	O
past	O
events	O
,	O
is	O
to	O
look	O
back	O
a	O
single	O
time	O
at	O
history	O
sufficient	O
or	O
is	O
it	O
not	O
?	O


There	O
are	O
reports	O
here	O
that	O
,	O
as	O
great	O
economic	O
powers	O
of	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
there	O
are	O
always	O
those	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
who	O
will	O
bring	O
forward	O
the	O
request	O
to	O
reassign	O
seats	O
of	O
the	O
permanent	O
members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
.	O


Genscher	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
German	B-NORP
Minister	O
for	O
Foreign	O
Affairs	O
,	O
gave	O
a	O
speech	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
11th	I-DATE
,	O
hoping	O
that	O
a	O
united	O
Germany	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
bigger	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
and	O
have	O
greater	O
rights	O
to	O
air	O
its	O
voice	O
when	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
makes	O
decisions	O
.	O


The	O
French	B-NORP
Minister	O
for	O
Foreign	O
Affairs	O
emphasized	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
this	O
that	O
such	O
views	O
are	O
"	O
not	O
practical	O
"	O
.	O


The	O
seats	O
of	O
the	O
permanent	O
members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
are	O
stipulated	O
in	O
the	B-LAW
United	I-LAW
Nations	I-LAW
Charter	I-LAW
and	O
to	O
amend	O
the	B-LAW
United	I-LAW
Nations	I-LAW
Charter	I-LAW
requires	O
the	O
consent	O
of	O
the	O
member	O
countries	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
France	B-GPE
will	O
not	O
agree	O
to	O
amend	O
the	B-LAW
United	I-LAW
Nations	I-LAW
Charter	I-LAW
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Habolonei	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
13th	I-DATE


According	O
to	O
reports	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Star	I-ORG
Newspaper	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
of	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
,	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE
the	B-ORG
African	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
South	I-ORG
Africa	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
government	O
made	O
a	O
large	O
breakthrough	O
in	O
resolving	O
the	O
disagreement	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
African	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
stopping	O
armed	O
conflict	O
.	O


DeKlerk	B-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
South	B-GPE
Africa	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
Mandela	B-PERSON
,	O
vice-chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
African	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
,	O
after	O
holding	O
a	O
meeting	O
lasting	O
11	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
on	O
the	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE
in	O
Capetown	B-GPE
,	O
issued	O
a	O
joint	O
statement	O
declaring	O
that	O
this	O
problem	O
has	O
been	O
resolved	O
and	O
both	O
sides	O
have	O
achieved	O
agreement	O
on	O
most	O
views	O
regarding	O
this	O
problem	O
and	O
have	O
signed	O
an	O
agreement	O
.	O


This	O
agreement	O
will	O
be	O
published	O
after	O
receiving	O
approval	O
from	O
the	O
South	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
cabinet	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
African	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
.	O


According	O
to	O
what	O
well	O
-	O
informed	O
sources	O
revealed	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
African	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
will	O
stop	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
military	O
activities	O
,	O
including	O
drafting	O
and	O
arming	O
cadres	O
.	O


This	O
large	O
breakthrough	O
has	O
smoothed	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
releasing	O
prisoners	O
of	O
the	O
State	B-ORG
and	O
allowing	O
people	O
exiled	O
to	O
foreign	O
countries	O
to	O
return	O
home	O
.	O


Our	O
press	O
attache	O
in	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
embassy	O
writes	O
articles	O
denouncing	O
lies	O
in	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Christian	I-WORK_OF_ART
Science	I-WORK_OF_ART
Monitor	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	O
February	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE


Defu	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
press	O
attache	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
embassy	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
published	O
an	O
article	O
in	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Christian	I-WORK_OF_ART
Science	I-WORK_OF_ART
Monitor	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
today	B-DATE
,	O
sternly	O
denouncing	O
the	O
report	O
of	O
"	O
China	B-GPE
trying	O
to	O
sell	O
weapons	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
after	O
the	O
embargo	O
"	O
by	O
Shengjie	B-PERSON
Tan	I-PERSON
,	O
published	O
in	O
the	O
paper	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
report	O
was	O
totally	O
concocted	O
and	O
without	O
the	O
slightest	O
foundation	O
.	O


Defu	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
says	O
in	O
his	O
article	O
that	O
,	O
since	O
the	B-EVENT
Gulf	I-EVENT
crisis	I-EVENT
broke	O
out	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
firmly	O
and	O
definitely	O
opposed	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
invasion	O
of	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
had	O
asked	O
Iraq	B-GPE
to	O
withdraw	O
from	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
immediately	O
and	O
unconditionally	O
and	O
to	O
return	O
and	O
respect	O
the	O
independence	O
,	O
sovereignty	O
,	O
territorial	O
integrity	O
and	O
the	O
legal	O
government	O
of	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
article	O
points	O
out	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
as	O
a	O
permanent	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
has	O
voted	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
11	B-CARDINAL
resolutions	O
pertaining	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
including	O
resolution	B-LAW
No.	I-LAW
661	I-LAW
which	O
implements	O
punishment	O
on	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


After	O
Iraq	B-GPE
invaded	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
,	O
China	B-GPE
immediately	O
stopped	O
selling	O
military	O
equipment	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Since	O
the	B-LOC
Gannan	I-LOC
Old	I-LOC
District	I-LOC
started	O
an	O
experimental	O
region	O
for	O
economic	O
structure	O
reform	O
in	O
1988	B-DATE
,	O
Jiangxi	B-GPE
's	O
Ganzhou	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
has	O
achieved	O
very	O
large	O
improvements	O
in	O
infrastructures	O
such	O
as	O
transportation	O
,	O
energy	O
,	O
telecommunications	O
etc.	O
,	O
creating	O
conditions	O
for	O
development	O
of	O
an	O
outward	O
economy	O
.	O


The	O
picture	O
shows	O
the	O
view	O
of	O
Ganzhou	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
New	B-LOC
District	I-LOC
.	O


Photo	O
taken	O
by	O
Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
Reporter	O
,	O
Jiwu	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
5	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O


This	O
afternoon	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
Great	I-FAC
Hall	I-FAC
of	I-FAC
the	I-FAC
People	I-FAC
,	O
Li	B-PERSON
Wan	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
,	O
met	O
with	O
a	O
delegation	O
of	O
the	O
Foreign	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
of	O
Thailand	B-GPE
's	O
National	B-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
,	O
led	O
by	O
Chairman	O
General	O
Saiyong	B-PERSON
Gepeng	I-PERSON
.	O


Li	B-PERSON
Wan	I-PERSON
,	O
representing	O
the	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
,	O
expressed	O
a	O
welcome	O
to	O
the	O
delegation	O
visiting	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
for	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Thailand	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
legislatures	O
are	O
amicable	O
and	O
that	O
mutual	O
contacts	O
are	O
also	O
very	O
frequent	O
.	O


The	O
visit	O
of	O
Chairman	O
Gepeng	B-PERSON
's	O
party	O
further	O
strengthened	O
the	O
understanding	O
and	O
friendship	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
'	O
legislative	O
bodies	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
discussion	O
about	O
the	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
the	O
amicable	O
and	O
cooperative	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Thailand	B-GPE
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
have	O
continued	O
to	O
develop	O
smoothly	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
'	O
cooperation	O
in	O
the	O
various	O
spheres	O
of	O
government	O
,	O
economics	O
,	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
literature	O
and	O
the	O
arts	O
,	O
etc.	O
has	O
netted	O
remarkable	O
results	O
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
side	O
expressed	O
satisfaction	O
with	O
this	O
.	O


Li	B-PERSON
Wan	I-PERSON
also	O
briefed	O
the	O
guests	O
about	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
policies	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
most	O
recently	O
convened	O
Seventh	B-ORDINAL
Plenary	B-EVENT
Session	I-EVENT
of	O
the	O
Thirteenth	B-ORDINAL
Central	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
reaffirmed	O
supporting	O
the	O
policies	O
of	O
reform	O
and	O
opening	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
upheld	O
the	O
policy	O
of	O
peaceful	O
foreign	O
relations	O
,	O
while	O
acting	O
independently	O
and	O
keeping	O
the	O
initiative	O
in	O
one	O
's	O
own	O
hands	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
political	O
situation	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
was	O
a	O
stable	O
one	B-CARDINAL
and	O
the	O
economy	O
also	O
was	O
steadily	O
developing	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
looks	O
forward	O
to	O
there	O
being	O
a	O
good	O
international	O
environment	O
,	O
and	O
wants	O
to	O
develop	O
good	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
various	O
countries	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
principles	O
of	O
peaceful	O
coexistence	O
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
5	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
intern	O
Renjie	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


The	O
program	O
of	O
"	O
clearing	O
away	O
silt	O
"	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
Summer	I-FAC
Palace	I-FAC
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
aroused	O
an	O
enthusiastic	O
response	O
from	O
colleges	O
in	O
the	O
capital	O
.	O


College	O
students	O
coming	O
back	O
from	O
the	O
work	O
,	O
at	O
yesterday	B-DATE
's	O
forum	O
,	O
spoke	O
openly	O
of	O
the	O
experience	O
,	O
concluding	O
that	O
volunteer	O
work	O
enables	O
patriotic	O
hearts	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
force	O
for	O
national	O
service	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
meaningful	O
.	O


A	O
large	O
scale	O
clearing	O
away	O
of	O
silt	O
from	O
the	B-LOC
Kunming	I-LOC
Lake	I-LOC
in	O
the	B-FAC
Summer	I-FAC
Palace	I-FAC
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
240	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
since	O
the	O
lake	O
came	O
into	O
being	O
,	O
began	O
late	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


For	O
the	O
convenience	O
of	O
the	O
mechanical	O
clearing	O
work	O
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
20,000	I-CARDINAL
college	O
students	O
from	O
22	B-CARDINAL
colleges	O
in	O
capital	O
,	O
gathered	O
at	O
the	O
foot	O
of	O
Wanshou	B-LOC
Hill	I-LOC
and	O
wielded	O
pickaxes	O
clearing	O
away	O
the	O
10	B-QUANTITY
cm	I-QUANTITY
thick	O
layer	O
of	O
ice	O
on	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-DATE
eight	I-DATE
consecutive	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
college	O
students	O
altogether	O
cleared	O
away	O
a	O
660,000	B-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
layer	O
of	O
ice	O
.	O


This	O
represents	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
work	O
involved	O
in	O
clearing	O
away	O
the	O
ice	O
.	O


Jie	B-PERSON
Lang	I-PERSON


New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
just	O
started	O
,	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
30	I-CARDINAL
key	O
personnel	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
the	O
Tibetan	B-NORP
Naqu	B-ORG
Regional	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
Administration	B-ORG
Bureaus	I-ORG
and	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
county	O
offices	O
came	O
to	O
visit	O
the	B-ORG
Wenbu	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
after	O
traveling	O
a	O
route	O
of	O
over	B-QUANTITY
1000	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
,	O
braving	O
the	O
bitter	O
winter	O
of	O
minus	B-QUANTITY
20	I-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
centigrade	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Wenbu	B-GPE
is	O
situated	O
on	O
the	O
northwestern	O
side	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Tibetan	I-LOC
plateau	I-LOC
,	O
and	O
the	O
average	O
height	O
above	O
sea	O
level	O
is	O
close	B-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
5000	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
.	O


It	O
once	O
was	O
viewed	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
life	O
forbidden	O
zone	O
"	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
"	O
no	O
man	O
's	O
land	O
"	O
is	O
on	O
this	O
stretch	O
of	O
a	B-QUANTITY
thousand	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
of	O
wasteland	O
.	O


After	O
13	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
development	O
and	O
construction	O
,	O
the	B-QUANTITY
120,000	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
of	O
grasslands	O
of	O
Wenbu	B-GPE
changed	O
from	O
an	O
old	O
look	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
look	O
.	O


From	O
unpopulated	O
to	O
populated	O
,	O
from	O
nomadism	O
to	O
fixed	O
habitation	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
now	O
become	O
a	O
new	O
farming	O
zone	O
with	O
cattle	O
and	O
goats	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
hillsides	O
.	O


The	O
site	O
where	O
the	O
office	O
is	O
located	O
has	O
already	O
become	O
a	O
small	O
town	O
of	O
some	O
scale	O
,	O
and	O
conditions	O
are	O
rather	O
good	O
.	O


The	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
delegation	O
decided	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
houses	O
of	O
farmers	O
for	O
a	O
look	O
.	O


Tudengcaiwang	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
current	O
Commissioner	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Naqu	I-ORG
District	I-ORG
Administrative	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
who	O
had	O
participated	O
before	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
and	O
build	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
no	O
-	O
man	O
district	O
"	O
in	O
those	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
Jia	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
vice-secretary	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Regional	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
led	O
the	O
leaders	O
from	O
various	O
counties	O
to	O
travel	O
a	O
distance	O
of	O
over	B-QUANTITY
800	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
by	O
car	O
to	O
visit	O
herdsmen	O
families	O
in	O
7	B-CARDINAL
villages	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
entered	O
the	O
home	O
of	O
Ci	B-PERSON
Suo	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
herdsman	O
of	O
Shenya	B-GPE
village	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
45	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
host	O
treated	O
everybody	O
by	O
pouring	O
butter	O
tea	O
.	O


The	O
furnishing	O
of	O
Ci	B-PERSON
Suo	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
home	O
astonished	O
the	O
visitors	O
:	O
a	O
home	O
of	O
5	B-CARDINAL
earthen	O
and	O
wooden	O
structures	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
sitting	O
room	O
with	O
two	B-CARDINAL
layers	O
of	O
glass	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
warehouse	O
filled	O
with	O
mutton	O
and	O
ghee	O
.	O


One	O
was	O
laden	O
with	O
daily	O
necessities	O
such	O
as	O
cigarettes	O
,	O
liquor	O
,	O
sugar	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


A	O
padding	O
with	O
a	O
dragon	O
and	O
a	O
phoenix	O
rejoicing	O
covered	O
the	O
steel	O
-	O
wired	O
bed	O
in	O
the	O
living	O
room	O
,	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
radio	O
tape	O
recorders	O
were	O
placed	O
on	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
Tibetan	B-NORP
cupboards	O
engraved	O
with	O
traditional	O
patterns	O
.	O


Director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Wenbu	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
Jiayangduoji	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
Ci	B-PERSON
Suo	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
family	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
middle	O
class	O
living	O
standard	O
among	O
the	O
Wenbu	B-GPE
herdsmen	O
.	O


Azhen	B-PERSON
,	O
a	O
herdsman	O
from	O
Asuo	B-GPE
village	I-GPE
has	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
15	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
has	O
1800	B-CARDINAL
goats	O
,	O
50	B-CARDINAL
yaks	O
,	O
has	O
already	O
sold	O
750	B-QUANTITY
kg	I-QUANTITY
of	O
wool	O
,	O
50	B-QUANTITY
kg	I-QUANTITY
of	O
cashmere	O
,	O
25	B-QUANTITY
kg	I-QUANTITY
of	O
ghee	O
to	O
the	O
nation	O
,	O
and	O
currently	O
has	O
deposits	O
of	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
15,000	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
visiting	O
delegation	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
home	O
of	O
Bala	B-PERSON
in	O
Zhongchang	B-GPE
village	I-GPE
.	O


Bala	B-PERSON
's	O
home	O
has	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
300	I-CARDINAL
goats	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
could	O
only	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
an	O
"	O
extremely	O
poor	O
family	O
"	O
here	O
.	O


A	O
county	O
head	O
said	O
with	O
emotion	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
"	O
western	O
heaven	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
legends	O
is	O
a	O
"	O
world	O
of	O
extreme	O
happiness	O
"	O
,	O
then	O
Wenbu	B-GPE
grasslands	O
should	O
be	O
called	O
the	O
"	O
garden	O
of	O
happiness	O
"	O
where	O
the	O
current	O
generation	O
of	O
Tibetan	B-NORP
herdsmen	O
live	O
new	O
lives	O
under	O
socialism	O
.	O


Wenbu	B-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Party	O
Secretary	O
,	O
Gongjuezhalang	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
had	O
worked	O
for	O
over	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
northern	O
plateau	O
of	O
Tibet	B-GPE
said	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
achieved	O
certain	O
results	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
education	O
,	O
telecommunication	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
further	O
diligence	O
remains	O
.	O


This	O
newspaper	O
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
January	B-DATE
5th	I-DATE
,	O
dispatch	O
Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
reporter	O
Yanbin	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
and	O
this	O
newspaper	O
's	O
reporter	O
Jiazheng	B-PERSON
He	I-PERSON
reported	O
:	O


In	O
the	O
ideological	O
and	O
political	O
work	O
meeting	O
of	O
village	O
and	O
township	O
corporations	O
from	O
the	O
entire	O
country	O
held	O
today	B-DATE
at	O
the	B-FAC
Great	I-FAC
Hall	I-FAC
of	I-FAC
the	I-FAC
People	I-FAC
,	O
advanced	O
ideological	O
and	O
political	O
work	O
units	O
of	O
102	B-CARDINAL
village	O
and	O
township	O
corporations	O
received	O
joint	O
commendations	O
from	O
the	O
Central	B-ORG
Propaganda	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
and	O
Ministry	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Agriculture	I-ORG
.	O


Standing	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
Member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
CCP	I-ORG
Politburo	I-ORG
,	O
Ruihuan	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
,	O
State	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
member	O
,	O
Junsheng	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
and	O
Minister	O
of	O
Central	B-ORG
Propaganda	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
Renzhi	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
,	O
Minister	O
of	O
Agriculture	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
Zhongyi	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
,	O
etc.	O
attended	O
the	O
meeting	O
and	O
presented	O
prizes	O
to	O
representatives	O
of	O
advanced	O
units	O
.	O


Vice	O
Minister	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Propaganda	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
Weicheng	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON
chaired	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
meeting	O
.	O


Vice	O
Minister	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Agriculture	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
Yaubang	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
spoke	O
at	O
the	O
meeting	O
.	O


In	O
recalling	O
the	O
great	O
achievements	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
village	O
and	O
township	O
enterprises	O
,	O
he	O
pointed	O
out	O
,	O
this	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
separated	O
from	O
the	O
strengthening	O
of	O
ideology	O
and	O
political	O
work	O
of	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
in	O
village	O
and	O
township	O
enterprises	O
.	O


Ideology	O
and	O
political	O
work	O
guarantees	O
the	O
continuous	O
and	O
healthy	O
development	O
of	O
village	O
and	O
township	O
enterprises	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
leadership	O
of	O
various	O
regional	O
party	O
committees	O
and	O
governments	O
,	O
the	O
management	O
departments	O
and	O
propaganda	O
departments	O
of	O
various	O
levels	O
of	O
village	O
and	O
township	O
enterprises	O
,	O
co-operating	O
with	O
all	O
their	O
efforts	O
,	O
directing	O
enterprises	O
in	O
adhering	O
to	O
the	O
guiding	O
principle	O
of	O
grasping	O
with	O
both	O
hands	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
material	O
civilization	O
and	O
spiritual	O
civilization	O
,	O
and	O
fusing	O
ideological	O
and	O
political	O
work	O
tightly	O
with	O
various	O
economic	O
works	O
,	O
achieved	O
gratifying	O
results	O
:	O
guaranteed	O
the	O
thorough	O
realization	O
of	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
's	O
lines	O
,	O
guiding	O
principles	O
,	O
and	O
policies	O
in	O
villages	O
;	O
activated	O
the	O
positiveness	O
of	O
a	O
vast	O
number	O
of	O
cadres	O
and	O
workers	O
;	O
strengthened	O
the	O
confidence	O
of	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
millions	I-CARDINAL
of	O
farmers	O
to	O
develop	O
village	O
and	O
township	O
enterprises	O
;	O
strengthened	O
farmers	O
'	O
consciousness	O
of	O
reform	O
and	O
opening	O
-	O
up	O
and	O
consciousness	O
of	O
commercial	O
economy	O
;	O
elevated	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
workers	O
;	O
nurtured	O
and	O
created	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
style	O
farmers	O
;	O
promoted	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
various	O
kinds	O
of	O
construction	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
villages	O
;	O
strengthened	O
socialist	O
villages	O
;	O
stabilized	O
villages	O
;	O
stabilized	O
society	O
;	O
stabilized	O
the	O
overall	O
situation	O
;	O
guaranteed	O
the	O
healthy	O
development	O
of	O
village	O
and	O
township	O
enterprises	O
following	O
the	O
socialist	O
direction	O
;	O
and	O
played	O
an	O
important	O
motivational	O
role	O
toward	O
the	O
stable	O
development	O
of	O
village	O
economies	O
and	O
the	O
entire	O
nation	O
's	O
economy	O
.	O


This	O
meeting	O
held	O
jointly	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Propaganda	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Agriculture	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
,	O
would	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
whole	O
meeting	O
's	O
spirit	O
of	O
the	O
4th	B-ORDINAL
,	O
5th	B-ORDINAL
,	O
6th	B-ORDINAL
,	O
and	O
7th	B-ORDINAL
session	O
of	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
's	O
13th	B-ORDINAL
plenary	O
,	O
summarize	O
and	O
communicate	O
the	O
experiences	O
of	O
village	O
and	O
township	O
corporations	O
in	O
ideology	O
and	O
political	O
work	O
,	O
research	O
and	O
deploy	O
measures	O
to	O
further	O
strengthen	O
the	O
party	O
's	O
ideology	O
and	O
political	O
work	O
in	O
village	O
and	O
township	O
enterprises	O
,	O
better	O
guarantee	O
the	O
thorough	O
realization	O
of	O
the	O
basic	O
lines	O
of	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
,	O
further	O
promote	O
the	O
continuous	O
,	O
stable	O
,	O
coordinated	O
,	O
healthy	O
development	O
of	O
village	O
and	O
township	O
enterprises	O
,	O
nurture	O
a	O
generation	O
of	O
new	O
socialist	O
farmers	O
,	O
continuously	O
influencing	O
,	O
radiating	O
and	O
bringing	O
about	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
village	O
"	O
two	B-CARDINAL
civilizations	O
"	O
construction	O
.	O


Zhongyi	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
also	O
spoke	O
at	O
the	O
meeting	O
.	O


Resolutely	O
implementing	O
the	O
guidelines	O
of	O
self	O
-	O
dependence	O
,	O
fighting	O
our	O
way	O
,	O
and	O
building	O
country	O
thriftily	O
.	O


Our	O
country	O
is	O
a	O
large	O
developing	O
socialist	O
country	O
,	O
the	O
standing	O
point	O
of	O
economic	O
construction	O
must	O
be	O
placed	O
on	O
the	O
foundation	O
of	O
our	O
own	O
strength	O
.	O


--	O
Extracted	O
from	O
the	O
gazette	O
of	O
the	O
13th	B-ORDINAL
Plenary	B-EVENT
Session	I-EVENT
of	O
the	O
7th	B-ORDINAL
Committee	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG


Demin	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON


On	O
December	B-DATE
26th	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Hubei	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
released	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
articles	O
,	O
naming	O
and	O
criticizing	O
a	O
comrade	O
at	O
a	O
village	O
broadcasting	O
station	O
for	O
fabricating	O
a	O
news	O
release	O
,	O
"	O
Guofu	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
hits	O
a	O
roadblock	O
"	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
released	O
an	O
editorial	O
article	O
pointing	O
out	O
that	O
sticking	O
to	O
principles	O
of	O
authenticity	O
in	O
news	O
reporting	O
is	O
an	O
excellent	O
tradition	O
in	O
Party	B-ORG
journalism	O
.	O


Similar	O
false	O
and	O
partially	O
false	O
news	O
items	O
have	O
been	O
seen	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Hubei	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
,	O
but	O
also	O
other	O
newspapers	O
,	O
TV	O
and	O
radio	O
have	O
had	O
such	O
news	O
.	O


Although	O
false	O
news	O
is	O
rare	O
,	O
the	O
influence	O
is	O
extremely	O
bad	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
false	O
piece	O
of	O
news	O
out	O
of	O
100	B-CARDINAL
pieces	O
,	O
readers	O
will	O
suspect	O
the	O
other	O
99	B-CARDINAL
pieces	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
party	O
that	O
maintains	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
being	O
practical	O
and	O
realistic	O
.	O


Party	O
journalism	O
should	O
also	O
follow	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
being	O
practical	O
and	O
realistic	O
.	O


Regardless	O
of	O
whether	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
professional	O
journalist	O
or	O
an	O
amateur	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
whether	O
reporting	O
good	O
news	O
or	O
reporting	O
bad	O
news	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
it	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
true	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
reasons	O
for	O
causing	O
news	O
to	O
be	O
inconsistent	O
with	O
facts	O
,	O
most	O
are	O
subjective	O
reasons	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Hubei	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
published	O
that	O
comrade	O
's	O
self	O
-	O
criticism	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
In	O
order	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
good	O
appraisal	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
changed	O
the	O
time	O
and	O
place	O
of	O
incidents	O
which	O
happened	O
or	O
I	O
had	O
witnessed	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
and	O
fudged	O
such	O
scenarios	O
as	O
'	O
the	O
director	O
general	O
of	O
revenue	O
insists	O
on	O
giving	O
Guofu	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
a	O
reward	O
of	O
50	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
'	O
and	O
'	O
Guofu	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
child	O
was	O
ill	O
and	O
needed	O
money	O
urgently	O
'	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
"	O


His	O
desire	O
for	O
being	O
appraised	O
well	O
is	O
understandable	O
,	O
but	O
should	O
have	O
taken	O
the	O
right	O
road	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
press	O
organizations	O
should	O
strictly	O
check	O
,	O
and	O
especially	O
look	O
out	O
for	O
those	O
"	O
related	O
articles	O
"	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
to	O
punish	O
false	O
news	O
,	O
some	O
practical	O
measures	O
must	O
be	O
taken	O
,	O
exposing	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
papers	O
is	O
very	O
effective	O
.	O


False	O
news	O
can	O
fool	O
readers	O
for	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
but	O
eventually	O
the	O
writers	O
fool	O
themselves	O
.	O


To	O
welcome	O
the	O
illuminating	O
70th	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
birth	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
essays	O
solicited	O
on	O
"	O
on	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
Party	B-ORG
branch	O
secretary	O
"	O
meet	O
with	O
readers	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
opening	O
page	O
wrote	O
about	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
branch	O
secretary	O
of	O
Jiujianpeng	B-GPE
village	I-GPE
of	O
Pingyi	B-GPE
county	I-GPE
of	O
Shandong	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
.	O


This	O
village	O
is	O
situated	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
a	O
high	O
mountain	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
village	O
,	O
one	O
can	O
imagine	O
the	O
bad	O
natural	O
conditions	O
and	O
the	O
difficult	O
life	O
of	O
the	O
masses	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
when	O
people	O
from	O
below	O
the	O
mountain	O
came	O
to	O
visit	O
relatives	O
in	O
this	O
village	O
,	O
the	O
best	O
gift	O
to	O
bring	O
was	O
a	O
can	O
of	O
water	O
.	O


After	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
diligent	O
struggle	O
,	O
this	O
place	O
has	O
changed	O
appearance	O
.	O


Electric	O
lamps	O
light	O
up	O
the	O
village	O
,	O
wide	O
roads	O
are	O
built	O
on	O
steep	O
cliffs	O
,	O
deserted	O
mountains	O
have	O
turned	O
green	O
,	O
fruit	O
is	O
in	O
abundance	O
.	O


The	O
key	O
to	O
this	O
change	O
happening	O
is	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
Party	B-ORG
branch	O
who	O
leads	O
the	O
masses	O
to	O
cure	O
poverty	O
and	O
make	O
wealth	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
Jiakun	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
who	O
was	O
accredited	O
as	O
an	O
"	O
excellent	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
"	O
of	O
the	O
province	O
and	O
a	O
"	O
labor	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
country	O
"	O
,	O
acting	O
as	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
branch	O
secretary	O
.	O


He	O
works	O
for	O
the	O
masses	O
and	O
firstly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
is	O
not	O
afraid	O
of	O
suffering	O
loss	O
,	O
secondly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
is	O
not	O
afraid	O
of	O
hardship	O
,	O
and	O
thirdly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
is	O
not	O
afraid	O
of	O
being	O
blamed	O
.	O


These	O
"	O
three	B-CARDINAL
do	O
not	O
fears	O
"	O
are	O
a	O
demonstration	O
of	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
communism	O
.	O


The	O
grassroots	O
organization	O
of	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
is	O
the	O
fighting	O
fortress	O
of	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
among	O
society	O
's	O
grassroots	O
organizations	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
political	O
kernel	O
for	O
uniting	O
the	O
vast	O
masses	O
to	O
fight	O
for	O
the	O
thorough	O
implementation	O
of	O
lines	O
,	O
guidelines	O
,	O
and	O
policies	O
of	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
.	O


Party	B-ORG
branches	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
work	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


The	O
branch	O
secretary	O
,	O
being	O
the	O
leading	O
person	O
,	O
must	O
possess	O
multi-faceted	O
talents	O
,	O
but	O
most	O
importantly	O
must	O
have	O
the	O
communist	O
spirit	O
of	O
serving	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
his	O
heart	O
and	O
soul	O
.	O


With	O
this	O
spirit	O
,	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
organization	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
plant	O
roots	O
among	O
the	O
masses	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
lead	O
the	O
masses	O
to	O
overcome	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
difficulties	O
,	O
move	O
mountains	O
to	O
fill	O
seas	O
,	O
work	O
well	O
in	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
agriculture	O
,	O
industry	O
,	O
commerce	O
,	O
education	O
according	O
to	O
policies	O
and	O
decrees	O
of	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
nation	O
,	O
lead	O
soldiers	O
well	O
,	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
cadre	O
,	O
and	O
make	O
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
socialist	O
modernization	O
undertaking	O
.	O


The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
newspaper	O
opening	O
this	O
special	O
column	O
is	O
to	O
spread	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
utterly	O
valuable	O
spirit	O
,	O
introduce	O
working	O
experience	O
of	O
Party	B-ORG
branch	O
secretaries	O
,	O
and	O
contribute	O
a	O
portion	O
of	O
strength	O
for	O
promoting	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
grassroots	O
organizations	O
of	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
.	O


"	O
Two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
way	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
"	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
breakthrough	O
in	O
learning	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


A	O
person	O
who	O
only	O
knows	O
the	O
ABCs	O
after	O
listening	O
to	O
the	O
tapes	O
repeatedly	O
and	O
referring	O
to	O
textbooks	O
for	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
only	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
hundred	I-DATE
hours	I-DATE
,	O
can	O
speak	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
as	O
fluently	O
and	O
smoothly	O
as	O
speaking	O
Mandarin	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


Our	O
department	O
now	O
provides	O
a	O
mail	O
order	O
service	O
with	O
a	O
discount	O
for	O
a	O
whole	O
set	O
of	O
textbooks	O
published	O
by	O
Sanhuan	B-ORG
Press	I-ORG
:	O
5	B-CARDINAL
textbooks	O
,	O
and	O
24	B-CARDINAL
tapes	O
,	O
the	O
charge	O
is	O
145	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


Additionally	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
shipping	O
and	O
handling	O
fee	O
.	O


Please	O
send	O
to	O
Tiantong	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
in	O
the	O
courtyard	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Weather	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
Guangshui	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	I-GPE
Hubei	I-GPE
Province	I-GPE
.	O


When	O
remittance	O
arrives	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
immediately	O
be	O
send	O
out	O
by	O
registered	O
mail	O
.	O


We	O
bear	O
the	O
legal	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
authenticity	O
of	O
this	O
.	O


Contact	O
Person	O
:	O
Cheng	B-PERSON
Quan	I-PERSON
.	O
Post	O
Code	O
:	O
432700	B-CARDINAL


From	O
the	O
left	O
in	O
the	O
upper	O
picture	O
:	O
Hongmin	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
,	O
mayor	O
of	O
Wuxi	B-GPE
,	O
Jin	B-PERSON
Hong	I-PERSON
and	O
Huaixi	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
,	O
vice-mayors	O
of	O
Wuxi	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Huanxing	B-PERSON
Cheng	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
assistant	O
commander	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Wuxi	I-LOC
Branch	I-LOC
Military	I-LOC
Area	I-LOC
are	O
voluntarily	O
donating	O
blood	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
lower	O
picture	O
:	O
the	O
youth	O
medical	O
staff	O
of	O
Wuxi	B-GPE
sanitation	O
system	O
are	O
waiting	O
to	O
donate	O
blood	O
.	O


Taken	O
by	O
Zuowei	B-PERSON
Gu	I-PERSON


The	O
Wannan	B-ORG
Flower	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
drum	I-ORG
drama	O
troupe	O
from	O
the	B-LOC
Xuancheng	I-LOC
Area	I-LOC
in	O
Anhui	B-GPE
province	O
was	O
recently	O
invited	O
to	O
Beijing	B-GPE
to	O
perform	O
the	O
big	O
historical	O
drama	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Jie	I-WORK_OF_ART
drums	I-WORK_OF_ART
startle	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
heavens	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


The	O
performance	O
was	O
well	O
received	O
by	O
capital	O
audiences	O
.	O


This	O
drama	O
creates	O
new	O
artistic	O
situations	O
in	O
a	O
story	O
of	O
rather	O
everyday	O
vicissitudes	O
and	O
expresses	O
the	O
artistic	O
appeal	O
of	O
tragedies	O
.	O


The	O
photo	O
above	O
shows	O
a	O
shot	O
of	O
the	O
servant	O
girl	O
looking	O
for	O
her	O
emperor	O
brother	O
.	O


The	O
photo	O
below	O
shows	O
a	O
shot	O
of	O
the	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
mother	O
and	O
the	O
son	O
.	O


Photo	O
by	O
Mingyang	B-PERSON
Luo	I-PERSON
.	O


The	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Steel	I-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
of	O
a	O
certain	O
unit	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Beijing	I-LOC
military	I-LOC
region	I-LOC
has	O
actively	O
organized	O
new	O
soldiers	O
to	O
implement	O
colorful	O
cultural	O
and	O
recreational	O
activities	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
soldiers	O
feel	O
the	O
warmth	O
of	O
the	O
military	O
camp	O
.	O


The	O
photo	O
shows	O
Ganglun	B-PERSON
Tan	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
company	O
commander	O
,	O
engaging	O
in	O
recreational	O
activities	O
together	O
with	O
new	O
soldiers	O
.	O


Taken	O
by	O
Weidong	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
and	O
Guozhong	B-PERSON
Hou	I-PERSON
.	O


Products	O
of	O
Carpet	B-ORG
Factory	I-ORG
of	O
Suizhong	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	I-GPE
Liaoning	I-GPE
province	I-GPE
,	O
sell	O
well	O
in	O
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
Belgium	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
and	O
supply	O
falls	O
short	O
of	O
demand	O
.	O


The	O
naturally	O
colored	O
carpets	O
produced	O
by	O
this	O
factory	O
won	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Pegasus	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
high	I-WORK_OF_ART
quality	I-WORK_OF_ART
prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
awarded	O
by	O
Liaoning	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Photo	O
taken	O
by	O
this	O
newspaper	O
's	O
reporter	O
Yaxin	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON


Chinese	B-NORP
young	O
pathfinder	O
Mingxia	B-PERSON
Fu	I-PERSON
wins	O
the	O
diving	O
champion	O
of	O
the	O
Women	O
's	O
10	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
diving	O
tower	O
at	O
the	B-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Swimming	I-EVENT
Championships	I-EVENT
.	O


Photos	O
taken	O
by	O
Xinhua	B-ORG
news	I-ORG
agency	I-ORG
reporter	O
Zhishan	B-PERSON
Cheng	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
telephotograph	O
-RRB-	O


by	O
reporter	O
Zhongshi	B-PERSON
Ouyang	I-PERSON


The	O
art	O
of	O
calligraphy	O
is	O
a	O
special	O
kind	O
of	O
art	O
form	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Each	O
period	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
superior	O
achievements	O
,	O
which	O
combine	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
brilliant	O
and	O
glorious	O
calligraphy	O
history	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
exactly	O
why	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
art	O
of	O
calligraphy	O
wins	O
the	O
strong	O
admiration	O
of	O
friends	O
from	O
many	O
countries	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


American	B-NORP
friends	O
Mr.	O
Sackler	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
have	O
wholeheartedly	O
contributed	O
a	O
lot	O
to	O
carrying	O
forward	O
our	O
art	O
of	O
calligraphy	O
,	O
and	O
hope	O
to	O
introduce	O
this	O
brilliant	O
art	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
to	O
let	O
more	O
friends	O
learn	O
and	O
treasure	O
it	O
.	O


We	O
appreciate	O
their	O
absolute	O
sincerity	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
recently	O
held	O
"	O
Sackler	B-EVENT
Cup	I-EVENT
Calligraphy	I-EVENT
Competition	I-EVENT
"	O
selected	O
,	O
recommended	O
and	O
widely	O
solicited	O
calligraphy	O
works	O
and	O
treasures	O
of	O
recently	O
budding	O
calligraphers	O
scattered	O
in	O
various	O
places	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
deeply	O
welcomed	O
by	O
readers	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
appraisal	O
and	O
selection	O
process	O
,	O
the	O
standards	O
we	O
emphasized	O
were	O
:	O
conforming	O
to	O
classical	O
requirements	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
art	O
of	O
calligraphy	O
;	O
healthy	O
language	O
diction	O
,	O
readable	O
handwriting	O
;	O
certain	O
standards	O
of	O
writing	O
methods	O
;	O
solid	O
skills	O
,	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
establishing	O
a	O
new	O
artistic	O
concept	O
--	O
these	O
are	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
our	O
Chinese	B-NORP
art	O
of	O
calligraphy	O
,	O
and	O
because	O
we	O
have	O
these	O
characteristics	O
,	O
we	O
won	O
the	O
attention	O
of	O
foreign	O
friends	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
any	O
work	O
that	O
can	O
follow	O
tradition	O
but	O
not	O
stagnate	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
new	O
artistic	O
concepts	O
will	O
be	O
appraised	O
well	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
serious	O
yet	O
harmonious	O
discussion	O
,	O
the	O
judges	O
thinking	O
achieved	O
unity	O
and	O
decided	O
this	O
round	O
's	O
outstanding	O
entries	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
kind	O
of	O
situation	O
embarrassed	O
the	O
judges	O
,	O
namely	O
,	O
that	O
some	O
works	O
displayed	O
really	O
beautifully	O
written	O
characters	O
,	O
conformed	O
to	O
a	O
certain	O
calligraphy	O
style	O
,	O
and	O
showed	O
signs	O
of	O
new	O
achievement	O
in	O
art	O
form	O
,	O
but	O
regretfully	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
calligraphers	O
have	O
poor	O
basic	O
knowledge	O
,	O
they	O
wrote	O
some	O
wrong	O
characters	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
remedy	O
,	O
finally	O
lost	O
in	O
the	O
selection	O
.	O


Everyone	O
both	O
felt	O
pity	O
for	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
felt	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
an	O
issue	O
very	O
worth	O
worrying	O
about	O
.	O


Some	O
young	O
calligraphy	O
lovers	O
,	O
just	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
they	O
should	O
have	O
been	O
studying	O
hard	O
,	O
were	O
hindered	O
.	O


So	O
basic	O
knowledge	O
was	O
not	O
enough	O
,	O
structure	O
was	O
not	O
systematic	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
level	O
was	O
rather	O
low	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
some	O
ability	O
in	O
calligraphy	O
,	O
but	O
eventually	O
can	O
not	O
produce	O
a	O
final	O
masterpiece	O
at	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
not	O
create	O
works	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
teaching	O
models	O
.	O


We	O
sincerely	O
hope	O
that	O
these	O
friends	O
will	O
amend	O
this	O
aspect	O
quickly	O
,	O
and	O
hope	O
future	O
works	O
will	O
show	O
both	O
superior	O
capability	O
in	O
calligraphy	O
,	O
and	O
convey	O
healthy	O
and	O
deep	O
thoughts	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
reveal	O
a	O
clear	O
,	O
meaningful	O
and	O
elegant	O
mind	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
eager	O
expectation	O
that	O
many	O
older	O
-	O
generation	O
calligraphers	O
have	O
placed	O
on	O
us	O
younger	O
-	O
generation	O
.	O


Tingfang	B-PERSON
Ye	I-PERSON


At	O
3,776	B-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
above	O
sea	O
level	O
,	O
Mount	B-LOC
Fuji	I-LOC
does	O
n't	O
even	O
reach	O
one	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
way	O
up	O
Mount	B-LOC
Qomolangma	I-LOC
,	O
but	O
in	O
this	O
archipelago	O
on	O
the	O
western	O
rim	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Pacific	I-LOC
Ocean	I-LOC
,	O
she	O
is	O
still	O
the	O
greatest	O
of	O
1,000	B-CARDINAL
peaks	O
and	O
a	O
masterpiece	O
of	O
nature	O
.	O


This	O
makes	O
her	O
stand	O
out	O
among	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
innumerable	O
volcanic	O
remnants	O
like	O
a	O
crane	O
among	O
chickens	O
.	O


No	O
wonder	O
that	O
Japanese	B-NORP
people	O
regard	O
her	O
as	O
a	O
gift	O
of	O
nature	O
and	O
call	O
her	O
"	O
sacred	O
mountain	O
.	O
"	O


It	O
just	O
so	O
happened	O
that	O
the	O
annual	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Germanic	I-ORG
Language	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Literature	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
that	O
is	O
held	O
every	O
five	B-CARDINAL
years	O
was	O
held	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
allowed	O
this	O
writer	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
glance	O
at	O
Fuji	B-LOC
's	O
charisma	O
and	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
settle	O
realizing	O
an	O
"	O
inordinate	O
ambition	O
"	O
of	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Mount	B-LOC
Fuji	I-LOC
is	O
only	B-QUANTITY
80	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
from	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
--	O
this	O
obviously	O
was	O
also	O
specially	O
arranged	O
by	O
good	O
fortune	O
:	O
this	O
island	O
nation	O
's	O
highest	O
mountain	O
and	O
her	O
largest	O
city	O
depend	O
on	O
one	O
another	O
as	O
partners	O
and	O
mutually	O
reflect	O
one	O
another	O
.	O


Thereupon	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
light	O
boat	O
on	O
a	O
familiar	O
route	O
,	O
the	O
large	O
tour	O
bus	O
that	O
we	O
rode	O
raced	O
directly	O
toward	O
the	O
southwest	O
--	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
Mount	B-LOC
Fuji	I-LOC
.	O


Without	O
anyone	O
being	O
aware	O
of	O
it	O
,	O
the	O
dense	O
forest	O
almost	O
completely	O
sealed	O
the	O
road	O
off	O
from	O
the	O
sky	O
above	O
.	O


It	O
turned	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
road	O
had	O
already	O
narrowed	O
,	O
moreover	O
it	O
was	O
sloping	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
look	O
out	O
the	O
window	O
was	O
enough	O
for	O
one	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
bus	O
was	O
already	O
suspended	O
half	B-CARDINAL
way	O
up	O
the	O
mountain	O
!	O


In	O
just	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
small	O
patch	O
of	O
open	O
terrain	O
,	O
the	O
tour	O
guide	O
---	O
a	O
woman	O
with	O
mastery	O
of	O
five	B-CARDINAL
European	B-NORP
languages	O
--	O
ordered	O
the	O
bus	O
to	O
stop	O
.	O


She	O
let	O
everyone	O
hasten	O
to	O
view	O
and	O
enjoy	O
the	O
sacred	O
mountain	O
's	O
countenance	O
,	O
taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
an	O
opportune	O
moment	O
of	O
the	O
sun	O
revealing	O
his	O
smiling	O
face	O
and	O
extending	O
his	O
greeting	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


I	O
raised	O
my	O
head	O
in	O
expectation	O
.	O


Holy	O
Cow	O
!	O


It	O
was	O
at	O
least	O
still	O
more	B-QUANTITY
than	I-QUANTITY
1,000	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
in	O
height	O
and	O
the	O
precipitous	O
slope	O
was	O
n't	O
under	O
60	B-QUANTITY
plus	I-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Nearby	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
level	O
slope	O
a	B-QUANTITY
few	I-QUANTITY
hundred	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
wide	O
amidst	O
rows	O
of	O
green	O
trees	O
and	O
withered	O
trees	O
,	O
exposing	O
raked	O
brown	O
-	O
grey	O
gravel	O
.	O


This	O
apparently	O
was	O
the	O
remains	O
of	O
the	O
volcanic	O
ash	O
from	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
eruption	O
in	O
1707	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
tour	O
guide	O
was	O
urging	O
everyone	O
to	O
board	O
the	O
bus	O
.	O


I	O
asked	O
her	O
:	O
how	O
long	O
would	O
it	O
take	O
to	O
climb	O
to	O
the	O
summit	O
from	O
here	O
on	O
foot	O
?	O


She	O
replied	O
proclaiming	O
:	O
four	B-TIME
to	I-TIME
seven	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
!	O


I	O
extended	O
my	O
tongue	O
and	O
raised	O
my	O
head	O
,	O
imagining	O
and	O
hoping	O
for	O
a	O
glance	O
at	O
the	O
summit	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
saw	O
clouds	O
wafting	O
in	O
the	O
air	O
.	O


I	O
saw	O
no	O
lofty	O
mountain	O
peak	O
.	O


The	O
large	O
tour	O
bus	O
started	O
up	O
again	O
and	O
I	O
thought	O
,	O
this	O
time	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
going	O
straight	O
to	O
Fuji	B-LOC
's	O
"	O
ears	O
.	O
"	O


Suddenly	O
a	O
sound	O
broke	O
my	O
train	O
of	O
thought	O
:	O
"	O
It	O
's	O
not	O
right	O
,	O
Old	O
Ye	B-PERSON
,	O
how	O
can	O
this	O
bus	O
go	O
straight	O
down	O
?	O
"	O
---	O
that	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
my	O
Chinese	B-NORP
colleagues	O
.	O


Thereupon	O
,	O
I	O
agitatedly	O
got	O
up	O
and	O
asked	O
the	O
tour	O
guide	O
:	O
"	O
Why	O
are	O
we	O
going	O
back	O
after	O
only	O
just	O
getting	O
half	B-CARDINAL
way	O
up	O
the	O
mountain	O
?	O
"	O


She	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
Touring	O
Mount	B-LOC
Fuji	I-LOC
does	O
n't	O
at	O
all	O
imply	O
mountain	O
climbing	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
Fuji	B-LOC
's	O
scenery	O
is	O
not	O
all	O
concentrated	O
at	O
the	O
summit	O
y'	O
know	O
.	O


The	O
scenic	O
spots	O
at	O
the	O
foot	O
of	O
the	O
mountain	O
are	O
plentiful	O
!	O
"	O


So	O
evidently	O
the	O
bus	O
really	O
was	O
carrying	O
us	O
down	O
the	O
mountain	O
!	O


That	O
being	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
I	O
lost	O
no	O
time	O
in	O
again	O
catching	O
an	O
eyeful	O
of	O
Fuji	B-LOC
's	O
peak	O
---	O
I	O
practically	O
glued	O
my	O
eyes	O
to	O
the	O
glass	O
of	O
the	O
bus	O
window	O
,	O
facing	O
the	O
rear	O
in	O
hope	O
.	O


By	O
coincidence	O
,	O
just	O
while	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
ever	O
-	O
changing	O
clouds	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
fortuitously	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
summit	O
,	O
and	O
resembling	O
cotton	O
,	O
they	O
tore	O
open	O
a	O
hole	O
as	O
if	O
deliberately	O
allowing	O
the	O
"	O
sacred	O
"	O
one	O
's	O
forehead	O
to	O
venture	O
out	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
seeing	O
me	O
off	O
and	O
also	O
as	O
if	O
laughing	O
at	O
me	O
.	O


For	O
an	O
instant	O
,	O
a	O
sigh	O
of	O
regret	O
for	O
"	O
great	O
aspirations	O
difficult	O
to	O
fulfill	O
"	O
overwhelmed	O
me	O
!	O


Because	O
I	O
'd	O
already	O
come	O
across	O
a	O
face	O
that	O
resembled	O
an	O
old	O
man	O
of	O
lofty	O
mountains	O
many	O
times	O
!	O


At	O
a	O
spacious	O
and	O
luxurious	O
restaurant	O
at	O
the	O
foot	O
of	O
Fuji	B-LOC
we	O
ate	O
a	O
definitely	O
not	O
sumptuous	O
western	O
meal	O
.	O


Everyone	O
hurriedly	O
cast	O
aside	O
cups	O
and	O
plates	O
,	O
then	O
without	O
leave	O
went	O
nearby	O
and	O
viewed	O
and	O
enjoyed	O
the	O
famous	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
"	O
Fuji	B-LOC
's	O
Five	B-CARDINAL
Lakes	O
,	O
"	O
Lake	B-LOC
Kawaguchi	I-LOC
,	O
and	O
the	O
enchanting	O
sights	O
of	O
its	O
surroundings	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
time	O
the	O
weather	O
got	O
overcast	O
and	O
the	O
water	O
of	O
the	O
lake	O
was	O
still	O
like	O
a	O
mirror	O
,	O
causing	O
people	O
to	O
think	O
of	O
our	O
country	O
's	O
Jiuzhaigou	B-GPE
's	O
Mirror	B-LOC
Lake	I-LOC
,	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
result	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
special	O
,	O
mysterious	O
flavor	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
lake	O
,	O
besides	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
slowly	O
moving	O
pleasure	O
boats	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
also	O
the	O
reflection	O
of	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
hills	O
,	O
rising	O
and	O
falling	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
especially	O
the	O
reflection	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
sacred	O
mountain	O
"	O
that	O
most	O
caused	O
people	O
to	O
express	O
wonder	O
.	O


The	O
luxurious	O
growth	O
by	O
the	O
shore	O
seemed	O
exactly	O
like	O
her	O
emerald	O
necklace	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
forest	O
the	O
crow	O
's	O
calls	O
accompanied	O
the	O
happy	O
appearance	O
of	O
the	O
flowers	O
...	O
...	O
yet	O
this	O
place	O
still	O
did	O
n't	O
hold	O
us	O
so	O
enthralled	O
by	O
the	O
scenery	O
as	O
to	O
forget	O
to	O
go	O
home	O
.	O


After	O
some	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
we	O
then	O
arrived	O
at	O
the	O
famous	O
Hakone	B-GPE
scenic	O
area	O
that	O
together	O
with	O
Fuji	B-LOC
belongs	O
to	O
Izu	B-FAC
Park	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
volcano	O
's	O
wonders	O
appeared	O
prominently	O
before	O
our	O
eyes	O
.	O


The	O
"	O
fire	O
"	O
had	O
already	O
been	O
dormant	O
for	O
400,000	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
yet	O
vapors	O
rising	O
everywhere	O
and	O
crystal	O
clear	O
,	O
boiling	O
hot	O
springs	O
testified	O
to	O
her	O
vitality	O
and	O
power	O
.	O


Even	O
though	O
the	O
stink	O
of	O
sulfur	O
filled	O
the	O
air	O
in	O
all	O
directions	O
,	O
nevertheless	O
,	O
people	O
still	O
bravely	O
competed	O
in	O
eating	O
those	O
eggs	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
cooked	O
done	O
and	O
cooked	O
black	O
by	O
the	O
hot	O
springs	O
.	O


Amazing	O
girls	O
still	O
extended	O
tiny	O
hands	O
into	O
the	O
hot	O
springs	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
temperature	O
,	O
but	O
strangely	O
cried	O
out	O
with	O
sharp	O
sounds	O
on	O
being	O
scalded	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
just	O
"	O
Hakone	B-GPE
's	O
Seven	B-CARDINAL
Scalds	O
"	O
-LRB-	O
meaning	O
the	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
hot	O
springs	O
-RRB-	O
whose	O
name	O
is	O
known	O
far	O
and	O
wide	O
.	O


It	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
landscape	O
of	O
the	O
Impenetrable	O
Pass	O
Ancient	O
Road	O
and	O
One	B-CARDINAL
Thousand	I-CARDINAL
Streams	O
Waterfall	O
,	O
the	O
Nine	B-CARDINAL
Headed	O
Dragon	O
,	O
the	O
Immortal	O
's	O
Stone	O
Field	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
numerous	O
Stone	O
Buddhas	O
Groups	O
,	O
etc.	O
of	O
"	O
Hakone	B-GPE
's	O
Eight	B-CARDINAL
Li	O
"	O
,	O
makes	O
up	O
a	O
large	O
tourist	O
attraction	O
.	O


The	O
mountain	O
-	O
climbing	O
bus	O
,	O
the	O
electric	O
cable	O
car	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
suspended	O
cable	O
car	O
that	O
shuttle	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
make	O
this	O
whole	O
group	O
all	O
visible	O
to	O
the	O
eye	O
below	O
.	O


The	O
volcano	O
lake	O
,	O
seven	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
in	O
circumference	O
,	O
below	O
not	O
far	O
away	O
---	O
Reed	B-LOC
Lake	I-LOC
,	O
forms	O
a	O
splendorous	O
contrast	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
once	O
had	O
the	O
thought	O
that	O
,	O
relying	O
on	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
technology	O
and	O
economic	O
strength	O
she	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
road	O
to	O
the	O
summit	O
or	O
simply	O
put	O
up	O
a	O
cable	O
car	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
reason	O
that	O
she	O
has	O
buses	O
come	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
sharp	O
turnabout	O
at	O
2,400	B-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
above	O
sea	O
level	O
just	O
possibly	O
is	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
leave	O
you	O
with	O
a	O
certain	O
degree	O
of	O
difficulty	O
or	O
"	O
uncertain	O
"	O
feeling	O
,	O
to	O
put	O
you	O
into	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
having	O
something	O
within	O
sight	O
but	O
beyond	O
reach	O
,	O
to	O
suspend	O
your	O
appetite	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
,	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


Because	O
beauty	O
really	O
does	O
n't	O
lie	O
in	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
realization	O
of	O
a	O
desire	O
but	O
lives	O
profoundly	O
in	O
the	O
yearning	O
for	O
the	O
goal	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
had	O
ascended	O
this	O
dangerous	O
peak	O
that	O
day	O
then	O
perhaps	O
this	O
"	O
sacred	O
mountain	O
"	O
then	O
would	O
lose	O
her	O
eternal	O
enchantment	O
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE


On	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
President	O
Yeltsin	B-PERSON
of	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
President	O
Kuchma	B-PERSON
of	O
the	O
Ukraine	B-GPE
and	O
President	O
Mitterrand	B-PERSON
of	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
President	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
will	O
leave	O
Beijing	B-GPE
tomorrow	O
afternoon	O
to	O
begin	O
official	O
and	O
state	O
visits	O
to	O
the	O
above	O
countries	O
which	O
will	O
last	O
for	O
10	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
wife	O
,	O
Yeping	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
will	O
visit	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


A	O
brief	O
biography	O
of	O
President	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
and	O
wife	O
Yeping	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
are	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O


President	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
was	O
born	O
in	O
Yangzhou	B-GPE
in	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
province	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
1926	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
1943	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
joined	O
the	O
student	O
movement	O
led	O
by	O
an	O
underground	O
party	O
,	O
then	O
joined	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
in	O
April	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
1946	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
graduated	O
in	O
1947	B-DATE
from	O
the	O
department	O
of	O
Electric	B-ORG
Engineering	I-ORG
of	O
Shanghai	B-ORG
Jiaotong	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


After	O
the	O
liberation	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
served	O
successively	O
as	O
associate	O
engineer	O
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Work	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
and	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
workshop	O
,	O
secretary	O
of	O
the	O
factory	O
's	O
party	O
branch	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
vice-chief	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Number	I-ORG
One	I-ORG
Yiming	I-ORG
Food	I-ORG
Factory	I-ORG
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
vice-chief	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Soap	I-ORG
Factory	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Electrical	I-ORG
Profession	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Number	I-ORG
Two	I-ORG
design	I-ORG
branch	I-ORG
of	O
First	B-ORG
Machine	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
1955	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
Moscow	B-GPE
's	O
Stalin	B-ORG
Automotive	I-ORG
Factory	I-ORG
in	O
the	O
USSR	B-GPE
for	O
training	O
.	O


After	O
returning	O
home	O
in	O
1956	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
served	O
as	O
vice-director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Dynamics	I-ORG
Division	I-ORG
,	O
vice-chief	O
dynamics	O
engineer	O
,	O
and	O
chief	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Dynamics	I-ORG
Branch	I-ORG
Factory	I-ORG
of	O
Changchun	B-GPE
's	O
First	B-ORG
Automotive	I-ORG
Manufacturing	I-ORG
Factory	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
1962	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
transferred	O
to	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
to	O
serve	O
as	O
vice-director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Electrical	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
Machine	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
,	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Wuhan	I-ORG
Hot	I-ORG
Work	I-ORG
Machinery	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
Machine	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
,	O
acting	O
party	O
secretary	O
,	O
and	O
vice-director	O
and	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
First	I-ORG
Machine	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
.	O


After	O
1980	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
served	O
concurrently	O
as	O
vice-director	O
,	O
secretary	O
general	O
,	O
and	O
Party	B-ORG
committee	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Import	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Investment	I-ORG
Management	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
.	O


After	O
1982	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
served	O
as	O
first	B-ORDINAL
vice-minister	O
,	O
vice-secretary	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
minister	O
,	O
and	O
Party	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
secretary	O
general	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Electronics	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
.	O


After	O
1985	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
served	O
as	O
the	O
mayor	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
vice-secretary	O
and	O
secretary	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Municipal	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
September	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
1982	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
the	O
12th	B-ORDINAL
National	B-EVENT
Congress	I-EVENT
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
was	O
elected	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
November	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
1987	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
the	O
13th	B-ORDINAL
Plenary	B-EVENT
Session	I-EVENT
of	O
the	O
1st	B-ORDINAL
Central	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
was	O
elected	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Politburo	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
June	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
the	O
13th	B-ORDINAL
Plenary	B-EVENT
Session	I-EVENT
of	O
the	O
4th	B-ORDINAL
Central	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
was	O
elected	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Politburo	I-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
general	O
secretary	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
November	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
the	O
13th	B-ORDINAL
Plenary	B-EVENT
Session	I-EVENT
of	O
the	O
5th	B-ORDINAL
Central	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
was	O
elected	O
to	O
be	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Military	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
October	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
1992	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
the	O
14th	B-ORDINAL
Plenary	B-EVENT
Session	I-EVENT
of	O
the	O
1st	B-ORDINAL
Central	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
was	O
elected	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Politburo	I-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
general	O
secretary	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Military	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
delegate	O
to	O
the	O
7th	B-ORDINAL
National	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
March	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
1990	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
the	O
3rd	B-ORDINAL
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
7th	B-ORDINAL
National	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
was	O
elected	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Military	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-GPE
People	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
.	O


In	O
March	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
1993	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
the	O
1st	B-ORDINAL
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
8th	B-ORDINAL
National	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
was	O
elected	O
to	O
be	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
People	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Military	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
.	O


Yeping	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
was	O
born	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
in	O
1926	B-DATE
.	O


She	O
studied	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Language	I-ORG
College	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
started	O
working	O
in	O
1949	B-DATE
.	O


For	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
she	O
did	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
management	O
work	O
at	O
corporations	O
and	O
research	O
agencies	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Machine	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
.	O


She	O
retired	O
in	O
1986	B-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Madrid	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Tairan	B-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON


Spanish	B-NORP
Foreign	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Minister	O
Solana	B-PERSON
reiterated	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
that	O
Spain	B-GPE
opposed	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
's	O
blockade	O
of	O
Cuba	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
also	O
did	O
not	O
agree	O
with	O
intervening	O
in	O
Haiti	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
Solana	B-PERSON
expressed	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
Spanish	B-NORP
government	O
was	O
deeply	O
concerned	O
over	O
Cuba	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
dire	O
situation	O
of	O
illegal	O
immigrants	O
"	O
and	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
make	O
necessary	O
efforts	O
to	O
facilitate	O
talks	O
between	O
Havana	B-GPE
and	O
Washington	B-GPE
to	O
look	O
for	O
solutions	O
.	O


This	O
minister	O
said	O
this	O
at	O
a	O
press	O
conference	O
introducing	O
the	O
work	O
and	O
tasks	O
of	O
Spain	B-GPE
taking	O
over	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
chair	O
starting	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
also	O
announced	O
that	O
Spain	B-GPE
had	O
already	O
accepted	O
a	O
request	O
from	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
prepared	O
to	O
send	O
an	O
air	O
transport	O
and	O
20	B-CARDINAL
soldiers	O
to	O
Rwanda	B-GPE
within	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
to	O
participate	O
directly	O
in	O
UN	B-ORG
peacekeeping	O
military	O
operations	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Youhao	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON


French	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Juppe	B-PERSON
pointed	O
out	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
that	O
the	O
embargo	O
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
towards	O
Cuba	B-GPE
is	O
"	O
unilateral	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
has	O
no	O
binding	O
force	O
on	O
France	B-GPE
"	O
.	O


When	O
meeting	O
reporters	O
after	O
speaking	O
at	O
the	O
meeting	O
of	O
French	B-NORP
diplomatic	O
envoys	O
,	O
Juppe	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
the	O
embargo	O
against	O
Cuba	B-GPE
"	O
was	O
not	O
decided	O
by	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
,	O
but	O
unilaterally	O
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


France	B-GPE
has	O
never	O
participated	O
"	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
said	O
,	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
government	O
"	O
even	O
directed	O
its	O
representative	O
not	O
to	O
vote	O
Yes	O
when	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
discussed	O
the	O
resolution	O
on	O
sanctions	O
on	O
Cuba	B-GPE
"	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
reports	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
French	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
French	B-NORP
President	O
Mitterrand	B-PERSON
also	O
pointed	O
out	O
in	O
a	O
speech	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
that	O
the	O
embargo	O
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
on	O
Cuba	B-GPE
is	O
"	O
pinching	O
the	O
neck	O
of	O
this	O
country	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
makes	O
people	O
very	O
resentful	O
"	O
.	O


He	O
criticized	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
for	O
using	O
a	O
"	O
primitive	O
"	O
type	O
methods	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
Cuba	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Bonn	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Zhongfa	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON


The	O
spokesman	O
for	O
the	O
German	B-NORP
government	O
Fughr	B-PERSON
expressed	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
that	O
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
are	O
prepared	O
to	O
strengthen	O
international	O
anti-smuggling	O
activities	O
of	O
nuclear	O
material	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
proposed	O
to	O
strengthen	O
communication	O
of	O
information	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
by	O
intelligence	O
departments	O
from	O
both	O
countries	O
.	O


Fughr	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
German	B-NORP
Chancellor	O
Kohl	B-PERSON
and	O
Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Yeltsin	B-PERSON
hoped	O
"	O
to	O
smoothly	O
investigate	O
the	O
smuggling	O
of	O
nuclear	O
materials	O
that	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
discovered	O
,	O
and	O
stop	O
new	O
smuggling	O
activities	O
of	O
nuclear	O
materials	O
in	O
time	O
"	O
.	O


Kohl	B-PERSON
and	O
Yeltsin	B-PERSON
also	O
discussed	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
after	O
attending	O
the	O
ceremony	O
for	O
the	O
withdrawal	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
group	O
of	O
Russian	B-NORP
troops	O
from	O
Germany	B-GPE
.	O


Both	O
sides	O
expressed	O
hopes	O
to	O
"	O
peacefully	O
resolve	O
the	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
issue	O
"	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
a	O
peace	O
plan	O
.	O


Both	O
sides	O
also	O
plan	O
to	O
further	O
strengthen	O
co-operation	O
between	O
both	O
countries	O
in	O
policy	O
areas	O
of	O
foreign	O
affairs	O
and	O
security	O
,	O
and	O
strengthen	O
joint	O
military	O
exercises	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
within	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
co-operation	O
between	O
Russia	B-GPE
and	O
NATO	B-ORG
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Fengzhen	B-PERSON
Huang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Chrysanthemum	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
6	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
a	O
large	O
scientific	O
experiment	O
satellite	O
launched	O
by	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
has	O
no	O
hope	O
of	O
entering	O
geosynchronous	O
orbit	O
.	O


Yutaka	B-PERSON
Kawashima	I-PERSON
,	O
chief	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Science	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
while	O
proclaiming	O
this	O
news	O
of	O
failure	O
to	O
numerous	O
journalists	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
expressed	O
her	O
profound	O
regrets	O
and	O
apologized	O
to	O
the	O
whole	O
Japanese	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


She	O
said	O
that	O
"	O
a	O
huge	O
amount	O
in	O
appropriations	O
was	O
spent	O
for	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
on	O
the	O
satellite	O
,	O
yet	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
floatsam	O
floating	O
in	O
the	O
universe	O
;	O
but	O
we	O
still	O
hope	O
that	O
this	O
satellite	O
can	O
be	O
utilized	O
to	O
the	O
largest	O
extent	O
.	O
"	O


Yutaka	B-PERSON
Kawashima	I-PERSON
also	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Universe	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Undertaking	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
organize	O
an	O
inspection	O
team	O
to	O
thoroughly	O
ascertain	O
the	O
reason	O
why	O
the	O
satellite	O
could	O
not	O
enter	O
geosynchronous	O
orbit	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
preliminary	O
investigations	O
by	O
concerned	O
parties	O
,	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
failure	O
was	O
that	O
the	O
satellite	O
's	O
apogee	O
engine	O
was	O
unable	O
to	O
normally	O
operate	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
breakdown	O
in	O
the	O
fuel	O
valve	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
"	O
Chrysanthemum	B-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
6	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	O
satellite	O
was	O
sent	O
into	O
elliptical	O
orbit	O
by	O
an	O
"	O
H2	O
-	O
2	O
"	O
rocket	O
on	O
the	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
August	I-TIME
28th	I-TIME
,	O
it	O
was	O
originally	O
planned	O
to	O
send	O
it	O
into	O
geosynchronous	O
orbit	O
gradually	O
by	O
firing	O
the	O
satellite	O
's	O
apogee	O
engine	O
3	B-CARDINAL
times	O
,	O
this	O
interval	O
requiring	O
around	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
time	I-DATE
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
Universe	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Undertaking	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
took	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
launch	O
,	O
continued	O
to	O
remotely	O
control	O
the	O
satellite	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
30th	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
31st	I-DATE
many	O
times	O
but	O
suffered	O
repeated	O
failures	O
.	O


The	O
"	O
Chrysanthemum	B-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
6	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	O
satellite	O
,	O
weighing	O
2	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
and	O
with	O
a	O
30	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
long	I-QUANTITY
board	O
of	O
solar	O
powered	O
batteries	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
biggest	O
satellite	O
ever	O
launched	O
by	O
Japan	B-GPE
so	O
far	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
this	O
satellite	O
is	O
equipped	O
with	O
necessary	O
electrical	O
machinery	O
and	O
sensors	O
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
originally	O
planned	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
to	O
conduct	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
multimedia	O
communication	O
experiments	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
optical	O
communication	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


The	O
Japanese	B-NORP
Universe	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Undertaking	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
believed	O
that	O
if	O
this	O
satellite	O
's	O
experiment	O
was	O
successful	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
would	O
henceforth	O
enter	O
an	O
age	O
of	O
using	O
large	O
satellites	O
like	O
advanced	O
countries	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
and	O
America	B-GPE
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
a	O
sum	O
of	O
41.5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yen	I-MONEY
was	O
put	O
into	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
this	O
satellite	O
.	O


This	O
time	O
completely	O
and	O
greatly	O
delayed	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
Universe	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Undertaking	I-ORG
process	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
programs	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
changed	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE


According	O
to	O
a	O
"	O
People	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
"	O
report	O
,	O
the	O
'94	B-DATE
annual	O
budget	O
plan	O
working	O
conference	O
for	O
departments	O
under	O
the	O
CCP	B-ORG
was	O
recently	O
convened	O
here	O
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
requested	O
that	O
departments	O
under	O
the	O
CCP	B-ORG
calculate	O
their	O
funds	O
meticulously	O
,	O
manage	O
strictly	O
,	O
spend	O
according	O
to	O
income	O
,	O
and	O
take	O
the	O
lead	O
in	O
living	O
an	O
austere	O
life	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
budget	O
task	O
is	O
satisfactorily	O
completed	O
.	O


Fujin	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
,	O
vice-director	O
of	O
the	O
General	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
CCP	B-ORG
,	O
emphasized	O
that	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
national	O
financial	O
situation	O
should	O
be	O
properly	O
recognized	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
departments	O
under	O
the	O
CCP	B-ORG
should	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
nation	O
,	O
bear	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
financial	O
difficulties	O
,	O
adjust	O
expenditure	O
structures	O
,	O
scientifically	O
and	O
reasonably	O
plan	O
expenditures	O
,	O
and	O
make	O
contributions	O
to	O
ensure	O
the	O
smooth	O
completion	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
budget	O
.	O


Departments	O
under	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Commitee	I-ORG
should	O
take	O
the	O
lead	O
in	O
responding	O
to	O
the	O
call	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
CCP	B-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
consider	O
the	O
overall	O
situation	O
of	O
guaranteeing	O
the	O
central	O
task	O
of	O
economic	O
construction	O
,	O
strengthen	O
budget	O
management	O
and	O
doing	O
the	O
financial	O
management	O
work	O
well	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Rong	B-PERSON
Xie	I-PERSON


Due	O
to	O
the	O
reported	O
failures	O
of	O
all	O
efforts	O
of	O
the	O
heavy	O
-	O
duty	O
transport	O
spaceship	O
"	B-FAC
Progress	I-FAC
M	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
24	I-FAC
"	I-FAC
,	O
which	O
is	O
delivering	O
cargo	O
to	O
"	O
Peace	B-FAC
"	O
,	O
to	O
dock	O
with	O
the	O
orbital	O
station	O
,	O
the	O
food	O
on	O
the	O
"	O
Peace	B-FAC
"	O
orbital	O
station	O
,	O
which	O
lacks	O
supplies	O
,	O
is	O
only	O
enough	O
for	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Russian	B-NORP
astronauts	O
working	O
on	O
the	O
orbital	O
station	O
to	O
last	O
for	O
10	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
routine	O
scientific	O
research	O
work	O
of	O
the	O
astronauts	O
would	O
be	O
affected	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Information	I-ORG
Telegraph	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
reports	O
that	O
the	O
heavy	O
-	O
duty	O
transport	O
spaceship	O
"	B-FAC
Progress	I-FAC
M	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
24	I-FAC
"	I-FAC
was	O
sent	O
into	O
outer	O
space	O
from	O
the	O
Baikonur	B-GPE
spaceship	O
launching	O
site	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
25	I-DATE
.	O


Carried	O
aboard	O
were	O
639	B-QUANTITY
kilograms	I-QUANTITY
of	O
such	O
articles	O
as	O
food	O
,	O
water	O
,	O
fuel	O
,	O
scientific	O
instruments	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


By	O
design	O
,	O
the	O
heavy	O
-	O
duty	O
spaceship	O
"	B-FAC
Progress	I-FAC
M	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
24	I-FAC
"	I-FAC
,	O
in	O
unmanned	O
operating	O
mode	O
,	O
can	O
perform	O
automated	O
docking	O
with	O
the	O
orbital	O
station	O
.	O


But	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
27th	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
attempt	O
of	O
the	O
spaceship	O
to	O
dock	O
with	O
the	O
orbital	O
station	O
failed	O
.	O


On	O
the	B-DATE
30th	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
spaceship	O
attempted	O
to	O
dock	O
with	O
the	O
orbital	O
station	O
again	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
docking	O
failed	O
again	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
Russian	B-ORG
Space	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
flight	I-ORG
Control	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
held	O
a	O
meeting	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
reasons	O
for	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
failed	O
dockings	O
and	O
decided	O
to	O
perform	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
docking	O
attempt	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
2nd	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
time	O
will	O
employ	O
manual	O
control	O
method	O
by	O
the	O
astronauts	O
working	O
in	O
the	O
orbital	O
station	O
to	O
achieve	O
docking	O
from	O
the	O
orbital	O
station	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
last	O
chance	O
for	O
this	O
cargo	O
spaceship	O
to	O
dock	O
with	O
the	O
orbital	O
station	O
because	O
the	O
fuel	O
on	O
the	O
spaceship	O
is	O
already	O
very	O
limited	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
fails	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
cargo	O
spaceship	O
must	O
be	O
launched	O
to	O
transport	O
cargo	O
to	O
the	O
orbital	O
station	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Russian	I-ORG
Correspondence	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Tass	I-ORG
reported	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Inter-department	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Russian	I-ORG
Space	I-ORG
Orbital	I-ORG
Station	I-ORG
Operations	I-ORG
will	O
also	O
convene	O
a	O
meeting	O
today	B-DATE
to	O
research	O
countermeasures	O
.	O


Ivanov	B-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
this	O
committee	O
and	O
commander	O
of	O
Russian	B-ORG
Military	I-ORG
Space	I-ORG
Force	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
docking	O
will	O
be	O
completed	O
successfully	O
because	O
space	O
experts	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
have	O
put	O
out	O
all	O
efforts	O
for	O
this	O
.	O


Austelouwumuff	B-PERSON
,	O
vice-bureau	O
chief	O
of	O
Russian	B-ORG
Space	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
also	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
all	O
work	O
is	O
currently	O
being	O
carried	O
out	O
normally	O
.	O


He	O
denied	O
the	O
statement	O
that	O
the	O
food	O
reserve	O
on	O
the	O
orbital	O
station	O
is	O
only	O
enough	O
to	O
last	O
10	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
food	O
on	O
the	O
"	O
Peace	B-FAC
"	O
orbital	O
station	O
could	O
still	O
meet	O
needs	O
for	O
40	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
docking	O
fails	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
cargo	O
spaceship	O
can	O
still	O
be	O
launched	O
to	O
transport	O
materials	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Youhao	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON


French	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
Juppe	B-PERSON
reiterated	O
at	O
a	O
meeting	O
held	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
on	O
the	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
for	O
France	B-GPE
diplomatic	O
envoys	O
that	O
,	O
France	B-GPE
supported	O
the	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
regarding	O
the	O
Haitian	B-NORP
issue	O
,	O
but	O
had	O
no	O
intention	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
potential	O
military	O
intervention	O
performed	O
in	O
Haiti	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
passed	O
resolution	O
number	O
940	B-CARDINAL
on	O
July	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
effectively	O
authorizing	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
to	O
lead	O
a	O
multi-national	O
force	O
to	O
implement	O
military	O
intervention	O
in	O
Haiti	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
to	O
recover	O
the	O
legal	O
government	O
overthrown	O
by	O
a	O
military	O
coup	O
in	O
1991	B-DATE
.	O


Juppe	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
"	O
we	O
should	O
let	O
the	O
puppet	O
government	O
of	O
Haiti	B-GPE
leave	O
,	O
let	O
those	O
military	O
personnel	O
who	O
violated	O
the	O
basic	O
principles	O
of	O
democracy	O
and	O
brought	O
sufferings	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Haiti	B-GPE
leave	O
"	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
emphasized	O
,	O
France	B-GPE
would	O
not	O
participate	O
in	O
military	O
intervention	O
in	O
Haiti	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
would	O
only	O
prepare	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
work	O
of	O
training	O
Haitian	B-NORP
police	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE


According	O
to	O
"	O
China	B-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
"	O
reporting	O
,	O
the	O
65	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
financial	O
bonds	O
issued	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
by	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
,	O
are	O
not	O
within	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
domestic	O
securities	O
issuance	O
plan	O
,	O
moreover	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
brought	O
into	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
credit	O
scope	O
of	O
specialized	O
banks	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
fixed	O
capital	O
investment	O
plan	O
drafted	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
.	O


This	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
funds	O
will	O
come	O
entirely	O
from	O
national	O
financial	O
institutions	O
,	O
and	O
financial	O
bonds	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
issued	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
after	O
its	O
founding	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
transferred	O
the	O
portion	O
of	O
funds	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
infrastructure	O
and	O
technical	O
innovation	O
projects	O
from	O
the	O
specialized	O
banks	O
to	O
its	O
own	O
account	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
financial	O
bonds	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
fixed	O
capital	O
assets	O
investment	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
the	O
capital	O
for	O
specialized	O
banks	O
to	O
purchase	O
financial	O
bonds	O
comes	O
from	O
savings	O
deposits	O
,	O
not	O
new	O
growth	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
utterly	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
either	O
the	O
issuance	O
of	O
government	O
bonds	O
or	O
the	O
issuance	O
of	O
new	O
shares	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
learned	O
that	O
after	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
65	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
financial	O
bonds	O
are	O
in	O
possession	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
60	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
in	O
funds	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
345	B-CARDINAL
large	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
infrastructure	O
projects	O
and	O
5	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
will	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
important	O
policy	O
-	O
related	O
technical	O
innovation	O
projects	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
financial	O
policy	O
institution	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
will	O
mainly	O
assist	O
national	O
pillar	O
industries	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
the	O
government	O
in	O
carrying	O
out	O
macro-economic	O
management	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
any	O
source	O
of	O
funds	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
not	O
for	O
profit	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
has	O
many	O
capital	O
sources	O
and	O
channels	O
.	O


Firstly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
it	O
has	O
registered	O
capital	O
of	O
50	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
allocated	O
from	O
national	O
finance	O
.	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
it	O
issues	O
bonds	O
to	O
financial	O
institutions	O
.	O


Thirdly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
it	O
issues	O
bonds	O
abroad	O
to	O
attract	O
foreign	O
capital	O
or	O
borrows	O
from	O
foreign	O
commercial	O
banks	O
.	O


The	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
is	O
People	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
funding	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
it	O
might	O
also	O
issue	O
bonds	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
amount	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
small	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
according	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
plan	O
for	O
structuring	O
and	O
operation	O
"	O
approved	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
such	O
fund	O
appropriations	O
as	O
National	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
policy	O
loans	O
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
entrusted	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Construction	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
and	O
a	O
signing	O
ceremony	O
was	O
held	O
recently	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
.	O


After	O
bilateral	O
consultation	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
entrusted	O
the	B-ORG
Construction	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
to	O
supervise	O
loan	O
contract	O
executions	O
,	O
to	O
process	O
business	O
such	O
as	O
loans	O
and	O
fund	O
appropriations	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
to	O
supervise	O
loan	O
utilization	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
assist	O
in	O
bettering	O
loan	O
recovery	O
work	O
.	O


Both	O
parties	O
also	O
reached	O
an	O
agreement	O
on	O
each	O
party	O
's	O
responsibility	O
,	O
rights	O
and	O
fund	O
operation	O
procedures	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Wenzhou	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Hongwei	B-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON
and	O
correspondent	O
Yunting	B-PERSON
Xie	I-PERSON


According	O
to	O
news	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Flood	I-ORG
Prevention	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Drought	I-ORG
Prevention	I-ORG
Headquarters	I-ORG
of	O
Wenzhou	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
city	O
is	O
making	O
every	O
effort	O
to	O
rush	O
to	O
repair	O
the	O
water	O
works	O
damaged	O
by	O
Typhoon	B-EVENT
No.	I-EVENT
17	I-EVENT
.	O


Up	O
to	O
August	B-DATE
30th	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
city	O
daily	O
sent	O
158,300	B-CARDINAL
laborers	O
,	O
totally	O
sending	O
936,500	B-CARDINAL
workers	O
,	O
and	O
having	O
completed	O
730,000	B-QUANTITY
cubic	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
of	O
earth	O
and	O
stone	O
.	O


The	O
direct	O
hit	O
by	O
Typhoon	B-EVENT
No.	I-EVENT
17	I-EVENT
damaged	O
862	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
of	O
the	O
dike	O
in	O
Wenzhou	B-GPE
,	O
of	O
which	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
357.7	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
was	O
completely	O
washed	O
away	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
big	O
tides	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
3rd	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
August	I-DATE
15th	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
lunar	I-DATE
calendar	I-DATE
approach	O
again	O
before	O
your	O
eyes	O
,	O
new	O
typhoons	O
and	O
rain	O
storms	O
may	O
come	O
at	O
any	O
time	O
,	O
making	O
one	O
worry	O
about	O
the	O
danger	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
of	O
Wenzhou	B-GPE
are	O
now	O
urgently	O
taking	O
action	O
,	O
dealing	O
with	O
the	O
emergency	O
,	O
rebuilding	O
the	O
dike	O
and	O
protecting	O
their	O
homes	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
,	O
water	O
damage	O
projects	O
that	O
have	O
started	O
emergency	O
repairs	O
now	O
reach	O
991	B-CARDINAL
and	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
emergency	O
repair	O
materials	O
such	O
as	O
straw	O
bags	O
,	O
woven	O
bags	O
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
transported	O
continuously	O
from	O
various	O
places	O
in	O
Zhejiang	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
is	O
estimated	O
that	O
before	O
the	O
high	O
tide	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
3rd	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
lunar	I-DATE
calendar	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
water	O
damaged	O
dike	O
can	O
hopefully	O
,	O
using	O
earth	O
building	O
methods	O
,	O
receive	O
emergency	O
repairs	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
Wenzhou	B-GPE
city	O
government	O
has	O
already	O
drawn	O
up	O
a	O
plan	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
winter	O
and	O
next	O
spring	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
city	O
will	O
start	O
an	O
upsurge	O
of	O
construction	O
of	O
water	O
conservation	O
projects	O
on	O
an	O
even	O
larger	O
scale	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Guoxian	B-PERSON
Zhu	I-PERSON
and	O
intern	O
Zhehui	B-PERSON
Guan	I-PERSON


The	O
disabled	O
student	O
Hao	B-PERSON
Ding	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
became	O
an	O
orphan	O
in	O
his	O
childhood	O
and	O
grew	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
children	O
's	O
welfare	O
institution	O
in	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
recently	O
received	O
Hangzhou	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
admission	O
notice	O
and	O
became	O
a	O
student	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Philosophy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Social	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	O
this	O
school	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
understood	O
that	O
Hao	B-PERSON
Ding	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
19	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
disabled	O
,	O
orphan	O
college	O
student	O
adopted	O
and	O
brought	O
up	O
by	O
a	O
welfare	O
institution	O
of	O
New	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
Receiving	O
the	O
admission	O
notice	O
,	O
I	O
really	O
wanted	O
to	O
jump	O
up	O
"	O
,	O
said	O
Hao	B-PERSON
Ding	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
he	O
could	O
not	O
"	O
jump	O
"	O
to	O
express	O
his	O
feelings	O
of	O
excitement	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
was	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
high	O
fever	O
caused	O
him	O
to	O
suffer	O
from	O
serious	O
polio	O
aftereffects	O
,	O
and	O
that	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
he	O
was	O
adopted	O
by	O
a	O
welfare	O
institution	O
.	O


Hao	B-PERSON
Ding	I-PERSON
finished	O
primary	O
school	O
at	O
the	O
children	O
's	O
welfare	O
institution	O
,	O
then	O
he	O
entered	O
a	O
school	O
in	O
a	O
nearby	O
township	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
middle	O
school	O
.	O


At	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
the	O
children	O
's	O
welfare	O
institution	O
teachers	O
took	O
him	O
and	O
picked	O
him	O
up	O
,	O
after	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
boarded	O
,	O
and	O
every	O
Saturday	O
,	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
welfare	O
institution	O
,	O
no	O
matter	O
whether	O
it	O
was	O
windy	O
or	O
rained	O
,	O
he	O
never	O
missed	O
any	O
classes	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
he	O
took	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
university	O
entrance	O
examination	O
;	O
and	O
,	O
having	O
an	O
eligible	O
score	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
admitted	O
by	O
Hangzhou	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


Hao	B-PERSON
Ding	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
success	O
is	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
painstaking	O
efforts	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
from	O
all	O
social	O
circles	O
.	O


For	O
16	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
the	O
children	O
's	O
welfare	O
institution	O
has	O
constantly	O
taken	O
care	O
of	O
and	O
loved	O
him	O
.	O


Since	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
3,000	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
has	O
been	O
spent	O
for	O
him	O
only	O
for	O
paying	O
tuition	O
,	O
buying	O
materials	O
and	O
buying	O
nutriments	O
.	O


People	O
from	O
all	O
circles	O
of	O
society	O
have	O
held	O
out	O
helping	O
hands	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


After	O
knowing	O
that	O
Hao	B-PERSON
Ding	I-PERSON
passed	O
the	O
university	O
entrance	O
examination	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Longchang	I-ORG
Grain	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Oil	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
contributed	O
20,000	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
to	O
subsidize	O
his	O
going	O
to	O
university	O
and	O
likewise	O
,	O
work	O
units	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Artificial	I-ORG
Limbs	I-ORG
Factory	I-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
sent	O
him	O
a	O
wheelchair	O
,	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
walking	O
sticks	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
2nd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Haixiong	B-PERSON
Shen	I-PERSON
and	O
Xiquan	B-PERSON
Shen	I-PERSON


Typhoon	B-EVENT
No.	I-EVENT
17	I-EVENT
has	O
caused	O
the	O
education	O
system	O
of	O
the	O
disaster	O
areas	O
of	O
Zhejiang	B-GPE
to	O
suffer	O
heavy	O
losses	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
schools	O
with	O
dormitories	O
and	O
facilities	O
having	O
been	O
damaged	O
has	O
reached	O
1500	B-CARDINAL
.	O


After	O
the	O
government	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
disaster	O
area	O
actively	O
fought	O
the	O
disaster	O
in	O
an	O
all	O
-	O
out	O
effort	O
to	O
save	O
themselves	O
,	O
now	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
disaster	O
area	O
's	O
primary	O
and	O
middle	O
schools	O
have	O
opened	O
as	O
usual	O
.	O


Zhejiang	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Education	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
has	O
recently	O
sent	O
out	O
working	O
teams	O
to	O
separately	O
go	O
to	O
such	O
places	O
as	O
Wenzhou	B-GPE
,	O
Taizhou	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
to	O
direct	O
the	O
education	O
restoration	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
disaster	O
area	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
people	O
from	O
Wenzhou	B-GPE
's	O
Education	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
,	O
offices	O
and	O
cadres	O
separated	O
into	O
7	O
groups	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
such	O
places	O
as	O
Yueqing	B-GPE
,	O
Ouhai	B-GPE
,	O
Dongtou	B-GPE
,	O
Pingyang	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
to	O
help	O
finish	O
restoring	O
the	O
school	O
and	O
the	O
school	O
opening	O
preparation	O
work	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
squeezed	O
200,000	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
out	O
of	O
the	O
education	O
fund	O
to	O
specially	O
use	O
in	O
education	O
disaster	O
relief	O
.	O


For	O
those	O
students	O
who	O
can	O
not	O
pay	O
tuition	O
because	O
of	O
family	O
financial	O
difficulties	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
disaster	O
,	O
educational	O
administrative	O
departments	O
in	O
cities	O
and	O
counties	O
from	O
all	O
over	O
have	O
reduced	O
or	O
remitted	O
tuition	O
,	O
or	O
rendered	O
certain	O
assistance	O
to	O
ensure	O
students	O
can	O
start	O
school	O
on	O
time	O
.	O


School	O
leaders	O
and	O
teaching	O
and	O
administrative	O
workers	O
in	O
the	O
disaster	O
areas	O
automatically	O
went	O
to	O
work	O
ahead	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
carefully	O
cleaning	O
the	O
school	O
environment	O
,	O
implementing	O
sanitation	O
and	O
disinfection	O
,	O
and	O
conduct	O
repairs	O
on	O
damaged	O
school	O
buildings	O
.	O


Wenzhou	B-GPE
's	O
Education	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Weizhou	I-ORG
Municipal	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Youth	I-ORG
League	I-ORG
also	O
united	O
with	O
teachers	O
and	O
students	O
of	O
the	O
schools	O
in	O
the	O
disaster	O
area	O
to	O
initiate	O
a	O
donation	O
collection	O
activity	O
called	O
"	O
Donating	O
love	O
to	O
disaster	O
stricken	O
schools	O
"	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
this	O
city	O
has	O
already	O
received	O
more	O
than	O
1,000,000	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	O
donations	O
of	O
all	O
kinds	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE


For	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Bozhong	B-PERSON
Jiao	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Zhonglong	I-ORG
Liver	I-ORG
Disease	I-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	O
Harbin	B-GPE
city	I-GPE
,	O
devoted	O
himself	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
preparation	O
of	O
pure	O
Chinese	B-NORP
medicine	O
-	O
the	B-PRODUCT
Liver	I-PRODUCT
Healing	I-PRODUCT
Capsule	I-PRODUCT
-	O
which	O
has	O
relieved	O
pain	O
for	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
sufferers	O
.	O


Liver	O
diseases	O
result	O
from	O
virus	O
infection	O
,	O
and	O
liver	O
protection	O
treatments	O
currently	O
adopted	O
are	O
generally	O
not	O
ideal	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
expensive	O
interferon	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
bear	O
for	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
sufferers	O
.	O


Faced	O
with	O
the	O
reality	O
of	O
this	O
medical	O
treatment	O
,	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
Jiao	B-PERSON
Bozhong	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
research	O
institute	O
decided	O
to	O
seek	O
out	O
a	O
scientific	O
,	O
effective	O
prescription	O
from	O
the	O
treasure	O
chest	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
medicine	O
.	O


After	O
many	O
years	O
of	O
research	O
and	O
through	O
repeated	O
experimentation	O
,	O
the	B-PRODUCT
"	I-PRODUCT
Liver	I-PRODUCT
Healing	I-PRODUCT
Capsule	I-PRODUCT
"	I-PRODUCT
was	O
finally	O
developed	O
.	O


Clinical	O
trials	O
show	O
that	O
this	O
medicine	O
without	O
exception	O
has	O
better	O
effectiveness	O
on	O
various	O
liver	O
diseases	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
medicine	O
has	O
been	O
produced	O
in	O
quantity	O
and	O
is	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
clinicals	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
after	O
it	O
received	O
the	O
scientific	O
achievement	O
award	O
of	O
Heilongjiang	B-GPE
's	O
Chinese	B-ORG
Medicine	I-ORG
Administrative	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
in	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-PRODUCT
"	I-PRODUCT
Liver	I-PRODUCT
Healing	I-PRODUCT
Capsule	I-PRODUCT
"	I-PRODUCT
also	O
received	O
a	O
top	O
award	O
at	O
the	B-EVENT
Malaysia	I-EVENT
International	I-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Technology	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Product	I-EVENT
Exhibition	I-EVENT
,	O
and	O
in	O
May	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
received	O
the	O
gold	O
medal	O
at	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
National	B-EVENT
Medical	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
Health	I-EVENT
Care	I-EVENT
Products	I-EVENT
Fair	I-EVENT
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
wire	O
-LRB-	O
reporter	O
Sen	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


On	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
Krajisnik	B-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Parliament	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Bosnia	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Herzegovina	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
Serb	I-ORG
Republic	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
a	O
speech	O
delivered	O
to	O
the	O
newspaper	O
"	B-ORG
Voice	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Serbia	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
,	O
emphasized	O
that	O
after	O
rejecting	O
the	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
territorial	O
partition	O
plan	O
brought	O
forward	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Liaison	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
in	O
the	O
national	O
referendum	O
,	O
Serb	B-NORP
leaders	O
of	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
"	O
could	O
only	O
carry	O
out	O
negotiations	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
new	O
territorial	O
partition	O
plan	O
,	O
namely	O
a	O
new	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
peace	O
plan	O
"	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
announcement	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
national	O
referendum	O
by	O
the	B-GPE
Bosnia	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Serbs	B-NORP
on	O
August	B-DATE
27th	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
28th	I-DATE
,	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
90	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
people	O
voted	O
against	O
the	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
territorial	O
partition	O
plan	O
put	O
forth	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Liaison	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
.	O


Krajisnik	B-PERSON
further	O
explained	O
in	O
his	O
speech	O
that	O
"	O
our	O
refusal	O
to	O
accept	O
the	O
territorial	O
partition	O
plan	O
is	O
merely	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
our	O
refusal	O
of	O
the	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
peace	O
plan	O
"	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
not	O
accepting	O
the	O
territorial	O
partition	O
plan	O
by	O
the	O
national	O
referendum	O
would	O
also	O
terminate	O
the	O
entire	O
peace	O
plan	O
.	O


When	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
Serbs	B-NORP
and	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
,	O
Krajisnik	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
policy	O
of	O
western	O
countries	O
is	O
to	O
split	O
the	O
Serbs	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
waiting	O
for	O
this	O
day	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
"	O
,	O
but	O
"	O
our	O
aim	O
is	O
to	O
unite	O
all	O
the	O
Serbs	B-NORP
"	O
.	O


Delivering	O
a	O
talk	O
to	O
the	O
AFP	B-ORG
on	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
Buha	B-PERSON
,	O
foreign	O
minister	O
of	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
"	O
Serbian	B-ORG
Republic	I-ORG
"	O
,	O
also	O
said	O
expressed	O
that	O
"	O
after	O
Serbs	B-NORP
in	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
held	O
a	O
national	O
referendum	O
,	O
Serbs	B-NORP
hope	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Liaison	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
will	O
put	O
forth	O
a	O
new	O
proposal	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
dead	O
end	O
"	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Dar	B-GPE
Es	I-GPE
Salaam	I-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
30th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Shanqin	B-PERSON
Pei	I-PERSON


Haotian	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
State	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
member	O
and	O
National	O
Defense	O
Minister	O
and	O
Jinana	B-PERSON
,	O
Tanzanian	B-NORP
minister	O
of	O
National	B-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Civil	I-ORG
Service	I-ORG
held	O
talks	O
here	O
today	B-DATE
on	O
strengthening	O
co-operation	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
militaries	O
,	O
and	O
reached	O
an	O
agreement	O
on	O
the	O
above	O
issues	O
.	O


Both	O
sides	O
expressed	O
satisfaction	O
over	O
the	O
friendly	O
co-operation	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
militaries	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
odd	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Haotian	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
30	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
some	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
since	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Tanzania	B-GPE
established	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
,	O
relations	O
have	O
always	O
been	O
very	O
good	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
have	O
implemented	O
remarkably	O
effective	O
co-operations	O
in	O
various	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
politics	O
,	O
economy	O
,	O
military	O
and	O
culture	O
.	O


Jinana	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
it	O
makes	O
one	O
happy	O
to	O
see	O
that	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
friendly	O
co-operative	O
relationship	O
established	O
by	O
the	O
older	O
generation	O
leaders	O
of	O
both	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
Nelieer	B-PERSON
,	O
Zedong	B-PERSON
Mao	I-PERSON
,	O
Enlai	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON
has	O
not	O
only	O
been	O
carried	O
on	O
but	O
also	O
has	O
new	O
developments	O
.	O


Jinana	B-PERSON
expressed	O
gratitude	O
over	O
the	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
aid	O
China	B-GPE
provided	O
to	O
Tanzania	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


Both	O
sides	O
unanimously	O
agreed	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
should	O
further	O
develop	O
co-operations	O
in	O
various	O
areas	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
militaries	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
equality	O
and	O
mutual	O
benefit	O
,	O
and	O
raise	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
'	O
friendly	O
co-operation	O
relationship	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
level	O
.	O


Before	O
the	O
talk	O
,	O
Jinana	B-PERSON
presided	O
over	O
a	O
grand	O
troop	O
inspection	O
ceremony	O
to	O
welcome	O
Haotian	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
delegation	O
.	O


Haotian	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
delegation	O
flew	O
here	O
on	O
29th	B-DATE
to	O
begin	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
a	O
6	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
friendly	O
visit	O
to	O
Tanzania	B-GPE
on	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
Jinana	B-PERSON
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Rong	B-PERSON
Xie	I-PERSON


Presidents	O
of	O
3	B-CARDINAL
Baltic	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
countries	O
issued	O
a	O
joint	O
statement	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
pointing	O
out	O
that	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
withdrawal	O
of	O
troops	O
from	O
the	O
3	B-CARDINAL
Baltic	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
countries	O
would	O
"	O
strengthen	O
European	B-NORP
security	O
"	O
.	O


The	O
statement	O
emphasized	O
that	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
completing	O
its	O
troop	O
withdrawal	O
should	O
promote	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
relations	O
between	O
Russian	B-NORP
and	O
Baltic	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
countries	O
.	O


This	O
joint	O
statement	O
was	O
issued	O
on	O
the	O
occasion	O
of	O
Russia	B-GPE
entirely	O
completing	O
its	O
troop	O
withdrawal	O
from	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Baltic	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
countries	O
.	O


Russian	B-NORP
troops	O
stationed	O
in	O
Lithuania	B-GPE
had	O
withdrawn	O
to	O
Russia	B-GPE
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


On	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Russian	B-NORP
troops	O
stationed	O
in	O
Latvia	B-GPE
withdrew	O
completely	O
and	O
Russian	B-NORP
troops	O
stationed	O
in	O
Estonia	B-GPE
also	O
completed	O
withdrawal	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
29th	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
an	O
interview	O
with	O
International	B-ORG
Correspondence	I-ORG
Communication	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
on	O
the	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
Klelov	B-PERSON
,	O
vice-minister	O
of	O
Russia	B-GPE
's	O
Foreign	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
,	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
,	O
although	O
Russia	B-GPE
has	O
withdrawn	O
its	O
troops	O
from	O
the	O
Baltic	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
countries	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
Baltic	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
countries	O
infringe	O
upon	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
local	O
Russian	B-LANGUAGE
-	O
speaking	O
residents	O
,	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
government	O
still	O
has	O
measures	O
for	O
exerting	O
influence	O
over	O
these	O
countries	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
political	O
,	O
economical	O
and	O
humanitarian	O
measures	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE


Egyptian	B-NORP
President	O
Mohammed	B-PERSON
Hosni	I-PERSON
Mubarak	I-PERSON
ended	O
a	O
3	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
State	O
visit	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
this	O
morning	O
and	O
left	O
Beijing	B-GPE
to	O
return	O
home	O
.	O


The	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
's	O
accompanying	O
delegation	O
,	O
Judiciary	O
Minister	O
Yang	B-PERSON
Xiao	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
ambassador	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
,	O
Fuchang	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
,	O
vice-Foreign	O
Affairs	O
Minister	O
,	O
Changyi	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
ambassador	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
Shamir	B-PERSON
Berham	I-PERSON
and	O
other	O
diplomats	O
of	O
Arabian	B-NORP
and	O
African	B-NORP
countries	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
went	O
to	O
the	O
airport	O
to	O
send	O
them	O
off	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Wenhao	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON


The	B-ORG
Irish	I-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
declared	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
the	O
organization	O
will	O
completely	O
stop	O
all	O
military	O
activities	O
and	O
implement	O
an	O
"	O
unconditional	O
and	O
without	O
time	O
limit	O
"	O
cease	O
fire	O
from	O
midnight	B-TIME
tonight	I-TIME
.	O


The	B-ORG
Irish	I-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
said	O
in	O
a	O
statement	O
issued	O
to	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
and	O
Irish	B-NORP
news	O
media	O
that	O
considering	O
the	O
current	O
situation	O
and	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
peace	O
process	O
,	O
this	O
organization	O
has	O
made	O
the	O
above	O
decision	O
and	O
has	O
informed	O
all	O
the	O
troops	O
under	O
it	O
of	O
this	O
decision	O
.	O


The	O
statement	O
requested	O
that	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
government	O
give	O
serious	O
thought	O
to	O
the	O
responsibilities	O
it	O
has	O
taken	O
upon	O
itself	O
,	O
and	O
urge	O
all	O
relevant	O
parties	O
to	O
face	O
the	O
new	O
situation	O
brought	O
about	O
by	O
this	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
with	O
determination	O
and	O
patience	O
,	O
and	O
hold	O
extensive	O
negotiations	O
with	O
British	B-NORP
and	O
Irish	B-NORP
governments	O
and	O
various	O
major	O
parties	O
of	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
participating	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
finally	O
resolve	O
the	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
conflict	O
.	O


The	O
statement	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
declared	O
by	O
Irish	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
provides	O
an	O
opportunity	O
for	O
the	O
"	O
just	O
and	O
permanent	O
resolution	O
"	O
of	O
the	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
problem	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
Irish	B-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
also	O
reiterated	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
still	O
adhere	O
to	O
its	O
"	O
republican	O
objective	O
"	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
unification	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
island	O
of	O
Ireland	B-LOC
.	O


To	O
realize	O
the	O
unification	O
of	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
Irish	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Irish	I-ORG
Republican	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
has	O
carried	O
out	O
violent	O
activities	O
in	O
Northern	B-GPE
Ireland	I-GPE
for	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
25	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Zhengzhou	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yaming	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON


Recently	O
,	O
related	O
experts	O
and	O
scholars	O
discovered	O
a	O
large	O
quantity	O
of	O
dinosaur	O
bones	O
fossils	O
in	O
Yangcheng	B-GPE
Township	I-GPE
,	I-GPE
Xixia	I-GPE
County	I-GPE
of	O
Henan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
another	O
big	O
discovery	O
coming	O
after	O
an	O
abundance	O
of	O
precious	O
dinosaur	O
eggs	O
fossils	O
were	O
discovered	O
here	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
reporter	O
has	O
learnt	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Archaeological	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Cultural	I-ORG
Relics	I-ORG
that	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
April	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
related	O
experts	O
discovered	O
several	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
dinosaur	O
bone	O
fossils	O
,	O
including	O
ribs	O
,	O
phalanges	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
between	O
two	B-CARDINAL
river	O
gravel	O
layers	O
at	O
such	O
places	O
as	O
Hutou	B-LOC
Hill	I-LOC
,	O
Yangcheng	B-GPE
Township	I-GPE
,	I-GPE
Xixia	I-GPE
county	I-GPE
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
exposure	O
at	O
the	O
ground	O
's	O
surface	O
,	O
some	O
are	O
already	O
broken	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
view	O
of	O
stratigraphy	O
,	O
they	O
all	O
belong	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
Cretaceous	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
experts	O
'	O
judgment	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
quantity	O
of	O
dinosaurs	O
fossils	O
and	O
other	O
species	O
'	O
fossils	O
are	O
still	O
buried	O
within	O
the	O
dinosaur	O
fossil	O
group	O
distribution	O
area	O
.	O


They	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
quantity	O
of	O
valuable	O
dinosaur	O
eggs	O
fossils	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Xixia	I-LOC
basin	I-LOC
is	O
an	O
international	O
rarity	O
,	O
and	O
egg	O
fossils	O
and	O
bone	O
fossils	O
existing	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
place	O
is	O
even	O
rarer	O
.	O


This	O
find	O
is	O
of	O
great	O
important	O
significance	O
for	O
studying	O
dinosaur	O
classification	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Xixia	I-LOC
area	I-LOC
,	O
probing	O
into	O
dinosaur	O
zoology	O
and	O
breeding	O
habits	O
,	O
restoring	O
the	O
zoology	O
and	O
ecology	O
of	O
the	O
dinosaur	O
era	O
and	O
revealing	O
laws	O
about	O
the	O
earth	B-LOC
's	O
surface	O
changing	O
and	O
the	O
earth	B-LOC
's	O
environment	O
evolving	O
.	O


The	O
discovery	O
of	O
the	O
dinosaur	O
bone	O
fossils	O
also	O
provides	O
important	O
clues	O
about	O
the	O
region	O
and	O
burial	O
patterns	O
for	O
further	O
searching	O
for	O
dinosaur	O
fossils	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Zhixing	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
and	O
Qi	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON


Because	O
of	O
the	O
continuous	O
muggy	O
weather	O
this	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
,	O
many	O
spring	O
and	O
autumn	O
flowers	O
and	O
trees	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
urban	O
area	O
are	O
currently	O
blooming	O
one	B-CARDINAL
after	O
another	O
,	O
confusing	O
some	O
horticultural	O
experts	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
branches	O
from	O
the	O
white	O
magnolias	O
planted	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
Botanical	B-FAC
Garden	I-FAC
have	O
sprouted	O
a	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
buds	O
,	O
some	O
have	O
opened	O
into	O
white	O
or	O
purple	O
flowers	O
,	O
forming	O
a	O
wonderful	O
scene	O
of	O
flowers	O
and	O
leaves	O
existing	O
together	O
.	O


Generally	O
,	O
the	O
white	O
magnolias	O
bloom	O
in	O
spring	O
and	O
the	O
leaves	O
come	O
out	O
after	O
the	O
flowers	O
wither	O
;	O
the	O
flowers	O
and	O
leaves	O
have	O
different	O
periods	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
observations	O
,	O
many	O
sweet	O
-	O
scented	O
osmanthus	O
now	O
have	O
buds	O
and	O
will	O
bloom	O
soon	O
.	O


Some	O
citizens	O
reflected	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
homes	O
and	O
on	O
balconies	O
,	O
potted	O
flowers	O
whose	O
blossoms	O
open	O
in	O
spring	O
and	O
in	O
fall	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
stretch	O
of	O
scarlet	O
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
stands	O
of	O
magnolias	O
,	O
now	O
have	O
red	O
flowers	O
and	O
green	O
leaves	O
that	O
are	O
extremely	O
beautiful	O
.	O


For	O
this	O
abnormal	O
phenomenon	O
,	O
some	O
experts	O
from	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
gardening	O
circles	O
preliminarily	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
cause	O
might	O
be	O
abnormal	O
weather	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
on	O
earth	O
are	O
the	O
real	O
reasons	O
?	O


Further	O
observation	O
and	O
study	O
still	O
await	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Siyi	B-PERSON
Ni	I-PERSON


The	O
9th	B-ORDINAL
meeting	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
8th	B-ORDINAL
NPC	B-ORG
that	O
closed	O
today	O
passed	O
the	O
"	O
Arbitration	B-LAW
Law	I-LAW
"	O
and	O
"	O
Audit	B-LAW
Law	I-LAW
"	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
reports	O
,	O
the	O
drafting	O
of	O
the	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
Arbitration	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
"	I-LAW
will	O
guarantee	O
justly	O
and	O
timely	O
arbitrating	O
economic	O
disputes	O
and	O
protect	O
legal	O
rights	O
of	O
involved	O
parties	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
will	O
ensure	O
the	O
healthy	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
socialist	O
market	O
economy	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
consists	O
of	O
8	B-CARDINAL
chapters	O
and	O
80	B-CARDINAL
items	O
,	O
providing	O
clear	O
regulations	O
of	O
issues	O
in	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
arbitration	O
organizations	O
and	O
institutions	O
,	O
the	O
drafting	O
and	O
execution	O
of	O
arbitration	O
agreements	O
,	O
the	O
arbitration	O
process	O
,	O
arbitration	O
concerning	O
foreigners	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


This	O
law	O
will	O
be	O
implemented	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1995	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
summary	O
of	O
the	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
Audit	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
"	I-LAW
emphasizes	O
that	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
making	O
this	O
law	O
is	O
to	O
strengthen	O
national	O
audit	O
supervision	O
,	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
financial	O
and	O
economic	O
order	O
,	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
honest	O
administration	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
ensure	O
healthy	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
economy	O
.	O


"	B-LAW
Audit	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
"	I-LAW
has	O
strengthened	O
the	O
auditing	O
supervision	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
auditing	O
office	O
in	O
financial	O
revenue	O
and	O
expenditure	O
,	O
and	O
budget	O
implementation	O
at	O
various	O
levels	O
of	O
government	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
also	O
granted	O
the	O
authority	O
to	O
the	O
audit	O
office	O
to	O
stop	O
unlawful	O
acts	O
of	O
organizations	O
being	O
audited	O
.	O


The	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
Audit	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
"	I-LAW
consists	O
of	O
7	B-CARDINAL
chapters	O
and	O
51	B-CARDINAL
items	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
implemented	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1995	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
passed	O
the	O
"	O
decision	O
regarding	O
motions	O
raised	O
by	O
32	B-CARDINAL
NPC	B-ORG
representatives	O
such	O
as	O
Yaotang	B-PERSON
Zheng	I-PERSON
,	O
etc.	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
legally	O
confirmed	O
that	O
when	O
it	O
regains	O
administrative	O
sovereignty	O
over	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
on	O
July	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
re-organize	O
the	O
legislative	O
institution	O
and	O
regional	O
organizations	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Hong	I-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
Special	I-GPE
Administrative	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
,	O
chaired	O
by	O
committee	O
chairman	O
Shi	B-PERSON
Qiao	I-PERSON
,	O
passed	O
the	O
approval	O
of	O
an	O
agreement	O
for	O
civil	O
and	O
legal	O
assistance	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Bulgaria	B-GPE
and	O
a	O
treaty	O
for	O
friendly	O
co-operation	O
relations	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Mongolia	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
also	O
passed	O
the	O
representative	O
qualifications	O
examination	O
report	O
regarding	O
electing	O
or	O
by	O
-	O
electing	O
NPC	B-ORG
representatives	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
-	O
elected	O
3	B-CARDINAL
NPC	B-ORG
representatives	O
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
dropped	O
the	O
NPC	B-ORG
representative	O
qualification	O
of	O
Yi	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
,	O
former	O
mayor	O
of	O
Dandong	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
in	O
Liaoning	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
violated	O
criminal	O
law	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
car	O
smuggling	O
cases	O
,	O
constituting	O
smuggling	O
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
lastly	O
passed	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
appointment	O
and	O
disqualification	O
lists	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE


Recently	O
the	B-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
CCP	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Personnel	I-ORG
issued	O
a	O
notice	O
to	O
request	O
strengthening	O
the	O
talent	O
market	O
construction	O
plan	O
,	O
accelerating	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
talent	O
market	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
promoting	O
healthy	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
talent	O
market	O
.	O


The	O
notice	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
general	O
goal	O
of	O
fostering	O
and	O
developing	O
the	O
talented	O
people	O
market	O
is	O
:	O
to	O
realize	O
individuals	O
independently	O
choosing	O
occupations	O
,	O
work	O
units	O
independently	O
choosing	O
personnel	O
,	O
markets	O
adjusting	O
to	O
supply	O
and	O
demand	O
,	O
social	O
services	O
improving	O
,	O
and	O
social	O
security	O
strengthening	O
,	O
and	O
let	O
the	O
market	O
play	O
a	O
foundational	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
allocation	O
of	O
talent	O
resources	O
under	O
the	O
macro-control	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


The	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
goal	O
of	O
fostering	O
and	O
developing	O
the	O
talent	O
market	O
is	O
:	O
to	O
formulate	O
basic	O
policies	O
and	O
regulations	O
needed	O
for	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
the	O
talented	O
people	O
market	O
within	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
to	O
commonly	O
establish	O
talent	O
markets	O
in	O
large	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
cities	O
,	O
to	O
establish	O
and	O
develop	O
regional	O
talent	O
information	O
networks	O
,	O
to	O
support	O
professional	O
talent	O
market	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
build	O
up	O
regional	O
talent	O
markets	O
.	O


Before	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
talent	O
market	O
system	O
will	O
be	O
build	O
up	O
preliminarily	O
within	O
the	O
nation	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
complete	O
in	O
function	O
,	O
complete	O
in	O
mechanism	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
complete	O
set	O
of	O
laws	O
and	O
regulations	O
,	O
timely	O
in	O
guidance	O
and	O
thoughtful	O
in	O
service	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Personnel	I-ORG
requested	O
that	O
various	O
levels	O
of	O
personnel	O
departments	O
strengthen	O
the	O
construction	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
talent	O
markets	O
,	O
strengthen	O
the	O
research	O
and	O
planning	O
of	O
talent	O
markets	O
,	O
confirm	O
the	O
overall	O
distribution	O
and	O
implementation	O
steps	O
for	O
developing	O
talent	O
markets	O
,	O
suit	O
measures	O
to	O
local	O
conditions	O
,	O
direct	O
classification	O
,	O
and	O
gradually	O
establish	O
a	O
complete	O
talent	O
market	O
system	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Belgrade	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Sen	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON


After	O
nine	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
negotiations	O
,	O
Karadzic	B-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Serb	I-ORG
Republic	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
of	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
Akashiken	B-PERSON
,	O
special	O
envoy	O
of	O
the	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
,	O
reached	O
an	O
agreement	O
on	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
in	O
Gorazde	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-TIME
early	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
23rd	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
will	O
be	O
effective	O
from	O
12:00	B-TIME
noon	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
23rd	I-TIME
,	O
local	O
time	O
.	O


This	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
agreement	O
was	O
reached	O
after	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
passed	O
a	O
resolution	O
demanding	O
an	O
immediate	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
in	O
Gorazde	B-GPE
and	O
NATO	B-ORG
issued	O
an	O
ultimatum	O
to	O
the	O
Serbs	B-NORP
in	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
.	O


Chief	O
Serb	B-NORP
leaders	O
of	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
chief	O
officials	O
of	O
the	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
peacekeeping	O
force	O
stationed	O
in	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
participated	O
in	O
this	O
meeting	O
.	O


President	O
Milosevic	B-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Serbian	I-ORG
Republic	I-ORG
chaired	O
this	O
negotiation	O
.	O


The	O
agreement	O
issued	O
in	O
the	B-TIME
early	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
23rd	I-TIME
stipulates	O
:	O
an	O
immediate	O
,	O
complete	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
at	O
Gorazde	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
neighborhood	O
;	O
as	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
step	O
,	O
a	O
battalion	O
of	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
peacekeeping	O
troops	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
critically	O
deployed	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
3	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
from	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
Gorazde	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
so	O
as	O
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
cease	O
-	O
fire	O
situation	O
of	O
the	O
both	O
sides	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
;	O
the	O
Serb	B-NORP
side	O
is	O
to	O
hand	O
over	O
its	O
heavy	O
weapons	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
care	O
of	O
the	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
peacekeeping	O
troops	O
or	O
withdraw	O
to	O
a	O
region	O
which	O
can	O
not	O
threaten	O
the	O
safety	O
zone	O
of	O
Gorazde	B-GPE
;	O
safety	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
provided	O
for	O
the	O
withdrawal	O
of	O
the	O
wounded	O
from	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
and	O
completely	O
free	O
passage	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
ensured	O
for	O
all	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
peacekeeping	O
troops	O
and	O
humanitarian	O
aid	O
personnel	O
.	O


During	O
talks	O
,	O
both	O
sides	O
,	O
on	O
starting	O
negotiations	O
,	O
immediately	O
reached	O
an	O
agreement	O
on	O
all	O
military	O
issues	O
related	O
to	O
realizing	O
peace	O
in	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
,	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
providing	O
humanitarian	O
aid	O
and	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
full	O
political	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
crisis	O
in	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
.	O


Leaders	O
from	O
both	O
sides	O
participating	O
in	O
the	O
negotiations	O
expressed	O
their	O
satisfaction	O
over	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
the	O
talks	O
.	O


Akashiken	B-PERSON
believed	O
that	O
these	O
talks	O
were	O
"	O
very	O
positive	O
"	O
.	O


Karadzic	B-PERSON
also	O
expressed	O
that	O
these	O
talks	O
were	O
"	O
very	O
successful	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
very	O
important	O
"	O
.	O


Milosevic	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
agreement	O
reached	O
by	O
both	O
sides	O
is	O
"	O
a	O
big	O
step	O
towards	O
peace	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
I	O
hope	O
this	O
step	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
complete	O
success	O
"	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Siyi	B-PERSON
Ni	I-PERSON


The	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
highest	O
legislative	O
body	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
passed	O
a	O
resolution	O
today	O
that	O
when	O
sovereignty	O
over	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
is	O
regained	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
re-organize	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
legislative	O
body	O
and	O
regional	O
organization	O
.	O


The	O
127	B-CARDINAL
members	O
attending	O
the	O
9th	B-ORDINAL
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
8th	B-ORDINAL
National	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
closed	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
passed	O
this	O
resolution	O
with	O
all	O
affirmative	O
votes	O
.	O


The	O
resolution	O
stipulates	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Preparatory	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-GPE
Hong	I-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
Special	I-GPE
Administrative	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
,	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
regarding	O
establishment	O
methods	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Hong	I-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
Special	I-GPE
Administrative	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
term	O
government	O
and	O
its	O
legislative	O
assembly	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
matters	O
related	O
to	O
preparing	O
the	B-GPE
Special	I-GPE
Administrative	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
stipulates	O
methods	O
for	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
its	O
first	B-ORDINAL
legislative	O
assembly	O
,	O
and	O
organizes	O
and	O
establishes	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
legislative	O
assembly	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Hong	I-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
Special	I-GPE
Administrative	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
resolution	O
states	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
authority	O
and	O
formative	O
methods	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Hong	I-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
Special	I-GPE
Administrative	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
regional	O
organization	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
Basic	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
"	I-LAW
,	O
will	O
be	O
stipulated	O
by	O
the	O
laws	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Hong	I-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
Special	I-GPE
Administrative	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
thinks	O
that	O
the	O
last	O
term	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
HK	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
UK	I-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Municipal	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Regional	I-ORG
Municipal	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
District	I-ORG
Parliament	I-ORG
will	O
terminate	O
on	O
June	B-DATE
30th	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
election	O
arrangements	O
unilaterally	O
decided	O
by	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
government	O
regarding	O
the	O
last	O
term	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
HK	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
UK	I-ORG
Legislative	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Municipal	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Regional	I-ORG
Municipal	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
District	I-ORG
Parliament	I-ORG
violate	O
the	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
British	I-NORP
joint	O
statement	O
and	O
are	O
not	O
in	O
accord	O
with	O
the	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
People	I-LAW
's	I-LAW
Republic	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
China	I-LAW
Hong	I-LAW
Kong	I-LAW
Special	I-LAW
Administrative	I-LAW
Region	I-LAW
Basic	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
"	I-LAW
and	O
the	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
National	I-LAW
People	I-LAW
's	I-LAW
Congress	I-LAW
Resolution	I-LAW
regarding	I-LAW
methods	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
establishment	I-LAW
for	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
first	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
term	I-LAW
government	I-LAW
and	I-LAW
legislative	I-LAW
assembly	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
Hong	I-LAW
Kong	I-LAW
Special	I-LAW
Administrative	I-LAW
Region	I-LAW
"	I-LAW
.	O


This	O
resolution	O
's	O
motion	O
was	O
brought	O
up	O
by	O
32	B-CARDINAL
deputies	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
such	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Guangdong	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
,	O
Yaotang	B-PERSON
Zheng	I-PERSON
,	O
etc.	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jihua	B-PERSON
Wen	I-PERSON


President	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
will	O
soon	O
be	O
visiting	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Ukraine	B-GPE
and	O
France	B-GPE
.	O


Recently	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
respectively	O
interviewed	O
by	O
reporters	O
from	O
Russia	B-GPE
and	O
France	B-GPE
at	O
the	B-FAC
Fangfei	I-FAC
Garden	I-FAC
of	O
the	B-FAC
Diaoyutai	I-FAC
State	I-FAC
Guest	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
,	O
and	O
answered	O
questions	O
on	O
the	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Russian	I-NORP
,	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
French	I-NORP
relations	O
,	O
and	O
regional	O
,	O
international	O
issues	O
.	O


When	O
a	O
reporter	O
asked	O
about	O
the	O
present	O
situation	O
of	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Russian	I-NORP
relations	O
and	O
the	O
prospects	O
of	O
co-operation	O
,	O
President	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
countries	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
have	O
been	O
developing	O
smoothly	O
in	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
politics	O
,	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
,	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
education	O
,	O
culture	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
3	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
especially	O
after	O
President	O
Yeltsin	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1992	I-DATE
.	O


Both	O
countries	O
have	O
maintained	O
high	O
level	O
contact	O
and	O
relations	O
;	O
negotiations	O
on	O
border	O
divisions	O
have	O
achieved	O
important	O
results	O
and	O
significant	O
progress	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
in	O
disarmament	O
negotiations	O
at	O
the	O
border	O
regions	O
.	O


Trade	O
volume	O
has	O
exceeded	O
the	O
highest	O
historical	O
levels	O
of	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Russian	I-NORP
trade	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
running	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
have	O
become	O
important	O
mutual	O
trade	O
partners	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
are	O
close	O
neighbors	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
,	O
namely	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
are	O
happy	O
about	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O
"	O


Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
said	O
to	O
Russian	B-NORP
reporters	O
:	O
"	O
at	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
President	O
Yeltsin	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
visiting	O
your	O
beautiful	O
country	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Together	O
with	O
President	O
Yeltsin	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
Russian	B-NORP
leaders	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
explore	O
establishing	O
friendly	O
,	O
neighborly	O
and	O
mutual	O
,	O
co-operative	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Russian	I-NORP
relations	O
that	O
will	O
extend	O
into	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
so	O
as	O
to	O
raise	O
the	O
co-operation	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
in	O
various	O
areas	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
level	O
.	O
"	O


When	O
a	O
reporter	O
asked	O
whether	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
now	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
citizens	O
overstay	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
visas	O
after	O
entering	O
Russia	B-GPE
will	O
become	O
a	O
factor	O
in	O
tense	O
relations	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
and	O
how	O
this	O
problem	O
should	O
be	O
solved	O
,	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
expressed	O
that	O
with	O
the	O
continuous	O
development	O
of	O
friendly	O
,	O
neighborly	O
relations	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
are	O
no	O
longer	O
isolated	O
from	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
and	O
relations	O
between	O
them	O
have	O
expanded	O
,	O
with	O
rapidly	O
increasing	O
staff	O
contacts	O
.	O


This	O
process	O
is	O
very	O
natural	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
"	O
because	O
necessary	O
legislation	O
and	O
measures	O
can	O
not	O
keep	O
up	O
with	O
demands	O
of	O
the	O
situation	O
and	O
development	O
,	O
certain	O
phenomena	O
of	O
disorder	O
occur	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
contact	O
at	O
the	O
border	O
regions	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
some	O
passive	O
influences	O
.	O


We	O
hold	O
that	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
situation	O
is	O
not	O
good	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
improved	O
and	O
stopped	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
situation	O
has	O
improved	O
to	O
a	O
certain	O
extent	O
because	O
both	O
sides	O
have	O
co-operated	O
in	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
some	O
measures	O
.	O
"	O


Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
"	O
we	O
should	O
not	O
'	O
stop	O
eating	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
hiccup	O
'	O
.	O


I	O
hold	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
problem	O
that	O
appears	O
while	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
are	O
being	O
developed	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
if	O
both	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
take	O
sincere	O
,	O
friendly	O
,	O
calm	O
and	O
realistic	O
attitudes	O
towards	O
a	O
joint	O
effort	O
,	O
these	O
problems	O
can	O
be	O
solved	O
appropriately	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
,	O
nor	O
can	O
they	O
be	O
factors	O
of	O
tense	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Russian	I-NORP
relations	O
.	O
"	O


Speaking	O
of	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
the	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
trade	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
so	O
far	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
"	O
We	O
have	O
noticed	O
that	O
compared	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
drop	O
in	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
trade	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
reasons	O
for	O
the	O
drop	O
are	O
manifold	O
:	O
both	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
are	O
implementing	O
economic	O
reforms	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
changes	O
in	O
demands	O
for	O
each	O
other	O
's	O
goods	O
;	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
visa	O
system	O
have	O
also	O
brought	O
some	O
effects	O
in	O
contacts	O
between	O
traders	O
of	O
both	O
sides	O
.	O


In	O
international	O
trade	O
,	O
increases	O
and	O
decreases	O
in	O
trade	O
volume	O
happen	O
frequently	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
drop	O
in	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
trade	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
is	O
only	O
a	O
temporary	O
phenomenon	O
.	O


Through	O
joint	O
efforts	O
of	O
both	O
sides	O
in	O
encouraging	O
large	O
,	O
powerful	O
and	O
reputable	O
companies	O
from	O
each	O
country	O
to	O
develop	O
co-operation	O
,	O
trade	O
between	O
both	O
countries	O
will	O
develop	O
even	O
more	O
healthily	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
doubt	O
that	O
issues	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
will	O
be	O
within	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
talks	O
between	O
the	O
leaders	O
of	O
both	O
countries	O
.	O
"	O


When	O
interviewed	O
by	O
French	B-NORP
reporters	O
,	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
situation	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
relations	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
France	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
very	O
good	O
since	O
their	O
normalization	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Prime	O
Minister	O
Barisque	B-PERSON
visited	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
April	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
now	O
at	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
President	O
Mitterrand	B-PERSON
I	O
will	O
be	O
carrying	O
out	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
France	B-GPE
for	O
national	O
affairs	O
.	O


Trade	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
have	O
also	O
more	O
quickly	O
reached	O
normalization	O
and	O
development	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
French	B-NORP
exports	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
increased	O
by	O
42.2	O
%	O
compared	O
with	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O
"	O


Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
France	B-GPE
are	O
strongly	O
complementary	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
in	O
economy	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
development	O
prospects	O
are	O
good	O
.	O


Both	O
sides	O
have	O
quite	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
identical	O
or	O
similar	O
viewpoints	O
on	O
international	O
issues	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
"	O
I	O
believe	O
that	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
both	O
sides	O
make	O
joint	O
efforts	O
,	O
friendly	O
co-operative	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
will	O
definitely	O
continue	O
to	O
develop	O
on	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
the	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
French	I-NORP
communique	O
on	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
and	O
the	O
joint	O
communique	O
issued	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
12th	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O
"	O


When	O
reporters	O
asked	O
about	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
nuclear	O
issue	O
and	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
role	O
,	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
emphasized	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
two	O
goals	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
seeking	O
on	O
this	O
issue	O
:	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
peace	O
and	O
stability	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Korean	I-LOC
Peninsula	I-LOC
and	O
to	O
realize	O
a	O
non-nuclear	O
region	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Korean	I-LOC
Peninsula	I-LOC
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
"	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
always	O
advocated	O
resolution	O
through	O
direct	O
talks	O
between	O
relevant	O
sides	O
.	O


We	O
welcome	O
the	O
preliminary	O
results	O
achieved	O
by	O
the	O
talks	O
between	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
have	O
been	O
playing	O
an	O
active	O
role	O
.	O
"	O


When	O
answering	O
the	O
question	O
on	O
whether	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
government	O
is	O
hoping	O
for	O
contact	O
with	O
each	O
country	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
or	O
wants	O
to	O
have	O
contact	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
,	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
"	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
willing	O
to	O
have	O
contact	O
with	O
each	O
country	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
and	O
also	O
develop	O
friendly	O
co-operative	O
relations	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
these	O
two	O
are	O
mutually	O
exclusive	O
.	O
"	O


When	O
a	O
reporter	O
asked	O
to	O
what	O
level	O
contacts	O
with	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
could	O
be	O
extended	O
by	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
maintains	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
emphasized	O
that	O
all	O
countries	O
that	O
have	O
established	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
have	O
expressed	O
their	O
admission	O
that	O
the	B-GPE
People	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
is	O
the	O
only	O
legal	O
government	O
representing	O
all	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
that	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
is	O
an	O
inseparable	O
part	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
promised	O
not	O
to	O
establish	O
official	O
relations	O
or	O
have	O
contact	O
with	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
that	O
is	O
of	O
an	O
official	O
nature	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
no	O
objections	O
to	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
kept	O
between	O
France	B-GPE
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
that	O
are	O
purely	O
people	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
people	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Chun	B-PERSON
Qin	I-PERSON


Key	O
national	O
laboratories	O
,	O
since	O
being	O
established	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
have	O
now	O
become	O
important	O
bases	O
for	O
basic	O
research	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Their	O
advanced	O
apparatus	O
and	O
equipment	O
,	O
highly	O
level	O
scientific	O
and	O
technical	O
staff	O
and	O
comprehensive	O
dominance	O
in	O
scientific	O
research	O
have	O
made	O
important	O
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
promotion	O
of	O
construction	O
of	O
national	O
key	O
projects	O
and	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
academic	O
disciplines	O
.	O


The	O
establishment	O
of	O
key	O
national	O
laboratories	O
,	O
persisting	O
in	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
choosing	O
the	O
best	O
to	O
fit	O
the	O
need	O
,	O
is	O
equipping	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
top	O
-	O
ranking	O
domestic	O
laboratories	O
able	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
competition	O
at	O
international	O
forefronts	O
to	O
become	O
basic	O
research	O
"	O
national	O
teams	O
"	O
able	O
to	O
represent	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
equipment	O
levels	O
,	O
research	O
levels	O
,	O
academic	O
levels	O
and	O
management	O
levels	O
.	O


After	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
'	O
of	O
construction	O
,	O
key	O
national	O
laboratories	O
have	O
established	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
experimental	O
research	O
bases	O
for	O
basic	O
research	O
,	O
involving	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
basic	O
research	O
fields	O
and	O
emerging	O
sciences	O
and	O
technologies	O
fields	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
in	O
engineering	O
projects	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
national	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
key	O
national	O
laboratories	O
in	O
such	O
areas	O
as	O
surface	O
physics	O
,	O
superconductors	O
,	O
molecular	O
biology	O
,	O
biotechnology	O
,	O
information	O
systems	O
,	O
intelligence	O
technology	O
,	O
geochemistry	O
,	O
materials	O
science	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
have	O
actually	O
become	O
important	O
experimental	O
research	O
centers	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
these	O
fields	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
10	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
key	O
national	O
laboratories	O
,	O
in	O
various	O
ways	O
,	O
have	O
also	O
taken	O
on	O
a	O
large	O
quantity	O
of	O
national	O
natural	O
science	O
fund	O
projects	O
,	O
national	O
climbing	O
program	O
projects	O
,	O
national	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
brainstorming	O
projects	O
,	O
"	O
863	B-CARDINAL
"	O
program	O
projects	O
,	O
institutional	O
co-operation	O
projects	O
,	O
society	O
entrusted	O
projects	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
solved	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
significant	O
problems	O
of	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
in	O
national	O
economic	O
construction	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
establishment	O
and	O
construction	O
of	O
key	O
national	O
laboratories	O
,	O
problems	O
having	O
international	O
levels	O
that	O
were	O
selected	O
by	O
utilizing	O
various	O
comprehensive	O
advantages	O
have	O
greatly	O
promoted	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
relevant	O
disciplines	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
book	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Foundation	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Mathematics	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Physics	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Numerical	I-WORK_OF_ART
Weather	I-WORK_OF_ART
Forecast	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
written	O
by	O
Qingcun	B-PERSON
Zeng	I-PERSON
,	O
academician	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Atmospheric	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Geohydromechanics	I-ORG
Numerical	I-ORG
Simulation	I-ORG
Laboratory	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
regarded	O
internationally	O
as	O
a	O
theoretical	O
masterpiece	O
in	O
atmospheric	O
science	O
and	O
has	O
enriched	O
and	O
perfected	O
theories	O
on	O
atmospheric	O
science	O
.	O


But	O
the	B-ORG
Infrared	I-ORG
Physics	I-ORG
Laboratory	I-ORG
has	O
also	O
played	O
an	O
active	O
role	O
in	O
promoting	O
the	O
intersection	O
and	O
merging	O
of	O
physics	O
with	O
other	O
discipline	O
areas	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
expanding	O
and	O
reforming	O
traditional	O
physics	O
research	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Chun	B-PERSON
Qin	I-PERSON


Chinese	B-NORP
scientists	O
have	O
successively	O
discovered	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
archaeopteryx	O
-	O
type	O
fossils	O
in	O
the	O
Beipiao	B-GPE
region	O
of	O
Liaoxi	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
find	O
has	O
attracted	O
attention	O
from	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
called	O
"	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
finds	O
since	O
archaeopteryx	O
fossils	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
in	O
1862	B-DATE
"	O
.	O


In	O
1862	B-DATE
at	O
the	O
earliest	O
finding	O
of	O
archaeopteryx	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Bavaria	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
,	O
it	O
stirred	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
100	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
world	O
has	O
discovered	O
altogether	O
8	B-CARDINAL
archaeopteryx	O
findings	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
only	O
confined	O
to	O
this	O
area	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
archaeopteryx	O
has	O
never	O
stopped	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
archaeopteryx	O
-	O
type	O
fossils	O
China	B-GPE
discovered	O
are	O
close	O
to	O
and	O
similar	O
in	O
age	O
,	O
form	O
and	O
structure	O
to	O
Germany	B-GPE
's	O
archaeopteryx	O
--	O
it	O
was	O
approximately	B-DATE
142.5	I-DATE
million	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
more	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
and	O
belonged	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
Mesozoic	I-DATE
Oxfordian	I-DATE
.	O


They	O
are	O
a	O
rich	O
source	O
of	O
material	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
not	O
only	O
completely	O
preserved	O
skulls	O
and	O
wings	O
but	O
also	O
waist	O
belts	O
,	O
back	O
limbs	O
and	O
several	O
feathers	O
.	O


Experts	O
and	O
scholars	O
from	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
are	O
greatly	O
focusing	O
on	O
this	O
important	O
discovery	O
.	O


Professor	O
Austern	B-PERSON
of	O
Yale	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
an	O
authoritative	O
scholar	O
on	O
the	O
research	O
issues	O
of	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
birds	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
his	O
letter	O
of	O
congratulation	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Ancient	I-ORG
Birds	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
,	O
expressed	O
intense	O
interest	O
.	O


Relevant	O
scholars	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
geology	O
circles	O
said	O
that	O
this	O
discovery	O
has	O
added	O
new	O
evidence	O
to	O
determining	O
geological	O
ages	O
.	O


Chinese	B-NORP
ornithological	O
experts	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
think	O
that	O
this	O
important	O
find	O
has	O
very	O
important	O
significance	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
birds	O
and	O
ancient	O
biology	O
research	O
.	O


It	O
not	O
only	O
adds	O
a	O
new	O
member	O
to	O
the	O
ancient	O
birds	O
but	O
also	O
widens	O
the	O
geographical	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
birds	O
,	O
especially	O
,	O
puts	O
forth	O
a	O
new	O
challenge	O
to	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
various	O
hypotheses	O
of	O
the	O
protracted	O
debate	O
on	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
birds	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
information	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
has	O
successively	O
discovered	O
bird	O
fossils	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
Mesozoic	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
in	O
provinces	O
such	O
as	O
Gansu	B-GPE
,	O
Hebei	B-GPE
,	O
Inner	B-GPE
Mongolia	I-GPE
,	O
Liaoning	B-GPE
,	O
etc	O
.	O


This	O
period	O
was	O
mostly	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
Cretaceous	I-DATE
age	I-DATE
.	O


However	O
,	O
this	O
find	O
of	O
archaeopteryx	O
fossils	O
are	O
from	O
a	O
much	O
earlier	O
age	O
,	O
lower	O
in	O
stratus	O
and	O
more	O
primitive	O
in	O
features	O
than	O
previously	O
discovered	O
archaeopteryx	O
.	O


In	O
view	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
world	O
places	O
hopes	O
of	O
tracing	O
the	O
more	O
primitive	O
and	O
more	O
ancient	O
,	O
true	O
ancestor	O
of	O
birds	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Chinese	B-NORP
scientists	O
also	O
expressed	O
possibly	O
discovering	O
fossils	O
of	O
birds	O
earlier	O
than	O
the	O
archaeopteryx	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


According	O
to	O
another	O
report	O
,	O
Chinese	B-NORP
scientists	O
have	O
temporarily	O
named	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
archaeopteryx	O
fossil	O
"	O
the	O
Divine	O
Land	O
Archaeopteryx	O
"	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
performing	O
further	O
study	O
on	O
these	O
fossils	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Bonn	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE


In	O
his	O
interview	O
with	O
the	O
reporter	O
from	O
the	O
German	B-NORP
"	O
Mirror	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Weekly	I-ORG
,	O
Russian	B-NORP
president	O
Yeltsin	B-PERSON
,	O
warned	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
not	O
to	O
air	O
strike	O
Serbian	B-NORP
positions	O
in	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
.	O


He	O
held	O
that	O
this	O
would	O
only	O
cause	O
the	O
situation	O
to	O
deteriorate	O
further	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
German	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
report	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Mirror	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Weekly	I-WORK_OF_ART
that	O
will	O
be	O
published	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
25th	I-DATE
will	O
carry	O
the	O
related	O
speeches	O
of	O
Yeltsin	B-PERSON
.	O


Yeltsin	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
a	O
better	O
solution	O
than	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
violence	O
is	O
to	O
pacify	O
the	O
situation	O
and	O
to	O
achieve	O
an	O
agreement	O
through	O
diplomatic	O
approaches	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
speech	O
,	O
Yeltsin	B-PERSON
advocated	O
that	O
German	B-NORP
troops	O
should	O
participate	O
more	O
in	O
UN	B-ORG
peacekeeping	O
missions	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
German	B-NORP
troops	O
participating	O
in	O
the	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
peacekeeping	O
forces	O
and	O
stationed	O
in	O
the	O
Balkan	B-LOC
region	O
deserve	O
welcome	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Changhong	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON


In	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
cure	O
of	O
AIDS	O
,	O
mankind	O
's	O
common	O
"	O
super	O
killer	O
"	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
making	O
unremitting	O
efforts	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
has	O
decided	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
public	O
education	O
program	O
in	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
cure	O
of	O
AIDS	O
within	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
so	O
as	O
to	O
further	O
enhance	O
people	O
's	O
awareness	O
of	O
AIDS	O
and	O
to	O
strengthen	O
the	O
public	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
protect	O
themselves	O
.	O


Across	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
AIDS	O
is	O
extremely	O
critical	O
.	O


Although	O
China	B-GPE
currently	O
belongs	O
to	O
a	O
low	O
infection	O
area	O
,	O
danger	O
really	O
does	O
exist	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
and	O
relevant	O
departments	O
put	O
forward	O
a	O
strategy	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
cure	O
of	O
AIDS	O
"	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
prevention	O
,	O
focus	O
on	O
publicity	O
and	O
education	O
and	O
focus	O
on	O
routine	O
work	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
received	O
State	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
affirmation	O
.	O


Places	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
country	O
have	O
held	O
multiple	O
publicity	O
exhibitions	O
regarding	O
AIDS	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
visitors	O
has	O
totaled	O
100,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


The	O
public	O
education	O
program	O
to	O
be	O
implemented	O
includes	O
not	O
only	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
education	O
of	O
health	O
and	O
technical	O
workers	O
but	O
also	O
education	O
aimed	O
at	O
outpatients	O
with	O
venereal	O
disease	O
and	O
knowledge	O
education	O
for	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
.	O


This	O
program	O
has	O
received	O
full	O
sponsorship	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Wellcome	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	O
UK	B-GPE
.	O


Recently	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
signed	O
an	O
agreement	O
with	O
Wellcome	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
will	O
provide	O
1.5	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
in	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
to	O
use	O
in	O
carrying	O
out	O
this	O
program	O
.	O


Wellcome	B-ORG
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
pharmaceutical	O
enterprises	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
scientific	O
research	O
work	O
of	O
the	O
corporation	O
concentrates	O
on	O
curative	O
medicine	O
microorganism	O
infections	O
,	O
heart	O
and	O
lung	O
diseases	O
,	O
cancer	O
,	O
diseases	O
of	O
the	O
central	O
nervous	O
system	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Its	O
subsidiaries	O
are	O
distributed	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Wellcome	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
has	O
strengthened	O
its	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
has	O
now	O
established	O
offices	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
and	O
Wuhan	B-GPE
.	O


Recently	O
,	O
Jiyun	B-PERSON
Tian	I-PERSON
and	O
Jieping	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
,	O
vice-chairmen	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
NPC	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Minzhang	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
,	O
Minister	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Health	I-ORG
met	O
separately	O
with	O
Mr.	O
John	B-PERSON
Luo	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
and	O
administrative	O
president	O
of	O
Wellcome	B-ORG
,	O
who	O
came	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Toronto	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
22nd	I-DATE


In	O
his	O
talk	O
in	O
Toronto	B-GPE
on	O
22nd	B-DATE
with	O
Jiahua	B-PERSON
Zou	I-PERSON
,	O
visiting	O
vice-premier	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
McLauren	B-PERSON
,	O
minister	O
of	O
Canada	B-GPE
's	O
International	B-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
just	O
returned	O
from	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
rapid	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
economy	O
has	O
left	O
a	O
deep	O
impression	O
on	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
firmly	O
believed	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
,	O
Canada	B-GPE
and	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
can	O
become	O
very	O
good	O
co-operation	O
partners	O
.	O


McLauren	B-PERSON
also	O
reiterated	O
supporting	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
regaining	O
signatory	O
country	O
status	O
in	O
GATT	B-ORG
and	O
becoming	O
a	O
founding	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
WTO	B-ORG
.	O


Jiahua	B-PERSON
Zou	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
in	O
visiting	O
Canada	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
several	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
personally	O
experienced	O
strong	O
wishes	O
of	O
the	O
Canadian	B-NORP
government	O
and	O
people	O
from	O
various	O
circles	O
to	O
strengthen	O
co-operations	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
feels	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
already	O
possess	O
conditions	O
to	O
rapidly	O
develop	O
bilateral	O
co-operation	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
conditions	O
are	O
also	O
extremely	O
favorable	O
.	O


McLauren	B-PERSON
and	O
Jiahua	B-PERSON
Zou	I-PERSON
also	O
jointly	O
made	O
inquiries	O
into	O
prospects	O
for	O
co-operations	O
in	O
trade	O
,	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Canada	B-GPE
.	O


Both	O
sides	O
think	O
that	O
although	O
,	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
there	O
has	O
been	O
greater	O
development	O
in	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Canada	B-GPE
,	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
actual	O
needs	O
and	O
current	O
potential	O
of	O
both	O
countries	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
far	O
from	O
enough	O
.	O


The	O
potential	O
for	O
expanding	O
co-operations	O
in	O
the	O
realms	O
of	O
energy	O
,	O
transport	O
,	O
water	O
and	O
electricity	O
,	O
communications	O
and	O
other	O
infrastructure	O
areas	O
is	O
still	O
very	O
great	O
.	O


Both	O
parties	O
held	O
talks	O
on	O
specific	O
relevant	O
issues	O
and	O
reached	O
broad	O
agreements	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
talks	O
,	O
McLauren	B-PERSON
treated	O
Jiahua	B-PERSON
Zou	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
delegation	O
to	O
an	O
evening	O
banquet	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Guojun	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON


At	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
meeting	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
National	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
commemorating	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
50th	I-ORG
anniversary	I-ORG
held	O
today	O
,	O
Qichen	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
,	O
vice-premier	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
concurrent	O
foreign	O
minister	O
,	O
said	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
actively	O
support	O
and	O
participate	O
in	O
major	O
activities	O
concerning	O
the	O
commemoration	O
of	O
the	O
50th	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
will	O
hold	O
various	O
types	O
of	O
wide	O
-	O
ranging	O
commemorative	O
activities	O
at	O
home	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
relevant	O
United	B-ORG
Nation	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
resolutions	O
.	O


Next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
is	O
the	O
50th	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


Then	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
will	O
hold	O
various	O
commemorative	O
activities	O
.	O


Upon	O
approval	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
China	B-GPE
established	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
commemorating	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
50th	I-ORG
anniversary	I-ORG
in	O
February	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
committee	O
is	O
formed	O
of	O
directors	O
of	O
35	B-CARDINAL
units	O
from	O
relevant	O
departments	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
press	O
and	O
academic	O
research	O
institutes	O
,	O
etc.	O
with	O
Qichen	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
as	O
concurrent	O
director	O
.	O


Qichen	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
commemorating	O
the	O
50th	B-ORDINAL
anniversary	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
great	O
,	O
significant	O
event	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
provide	O
good	O
opportunities	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
to	O
review	O
its	O
past	O
and	O
look	O
forward	O
to	O
its	O
future	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
further	O
promote	O
widespread	O
understanding	O
of	O
and	O
support	O
to	O
this	O
important	O
international	O
organization	O
by	O
people	O
from	O
every	O
country	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
facts	O
have	O
proven	O
that	O
the	O
historical	O
mission	O
shouldered	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
and	O
its	O
unique	O
influence	O
over	O
international	O
affairs	O
can	O
not	O
possibly	O
be	O
replaced	O
by	O
any	O
other	O
international	O
organizations	O
or	O
national	O
groups	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
has	O
also	O
had	O
complications	O
,	O
suffering	O
from	O
setbacks	O
and	O
defeats	O
.	O


It	O
still	O
possesses	O
quite	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
weaknesses	O
and	O
imperfections	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
aim	O
and	O
principles	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
completely	O
adhered	O
to	O
.	O


Qichen	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
with	O
the	B-EVENT
cold	I-EVENT
war	I-EVENT
coming	O
to	O
its	O
end	O
,	O
unprecedented	O
huge	O
changes	O
have	O
taken	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
international	O
situation	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
pattern	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
is	O
being	O
gradually	O
changed	O
in	O
a	O
multipolar	O
direction	O
.	O


Under	O
this	O
new	O
historical	O
condition	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
is	O
facing	O
tough	O
challenges	O
.	O


In	O
maintaining	O
world	O
peace	O
and	O
stability	O
and	O
promoting	O
co-operation	O
and	O
development	O
among	O
various	O
countries	O
,	O
it	O
shoulders	O
heavy	O
responsibilities	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


People	O
expect	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
will	O
implement	O
suitable	O
reforms	O
,	O
and	O
better	O
adapt	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
situations	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
extensive	O
co-operation	O
and	O
support	O
of	O
membership	O
countries	O
,	O
will	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
handle	O
various	O
important	O
issues	O
more	O
justly	O
,	O
more	O
reasonably	O
and	O
more	O
effectively	O
.	O


For	O
building	O
up	O
a	O
better	O
world	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
use	O
its	O
full	O
potential	O
.	O


Qichen	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
an	O
charter	O
member	O
country	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
and	O
a	O
permanent	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
made	O
an	O
important	O
contribution	O
to	O
the	O
birth	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


China	B-GPE
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
charter	O
countries	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
United	I-EVENT
Nations	I-EVENT
Constitution	I-EVENT
Drafting	I-EVENT
Meeting	I-EVENT
in	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


He	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
affairs	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
consistently	O
abiding	O
by	O
the	O
goals	O
and	O
principles	O
set	O
forth	O
in	O
the	B-LAW
United	I-LAW
Nations	I-LAW
Charter	I-LAW
,	O
seriously	O
fulfilling	O
its	O
responsibilities	O
,	O
actively	O
supporting	O
various	O
kinds	O
of	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
work	O
done	O
in	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
the	O
Charter	B-LAW
,	O
and	O
has	O
made	O
constructive	O
efforts	O
and	O
positive	O
contributions	O
to	O
maintaining	O
world	O
peace	O
,	O
seeking	O
the	O
just	O
and	O
reasonable	O
resolution	O
of	O
major	O
international	O
and	O
regional	O
issues	O
,	O
protecting	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
developing	O
countries	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
promotion	O
of	O
equal	O
co-operation	O
and	O
understanding	O
among	O
various	O
countries	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
meeting	O
,	O
Yi	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
and	O
minister	O
of	O
Foreign	B-ORG
Economy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
,	O
gave	O
a	O
speech	O
on	O
developing	O
co-operation	O
between	O
business	O
systems	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Xiguang	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
and	O
Guocheng	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON


Lasting	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
6	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Fifth	B-ORDINAL
Beijing	B-EVENT
International	I-EVENT
Book	I-EVENT
Fair	I-EVENT
was	O
held	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
1500	I-CARDINAL
publishing	O
houses	O
from	O
38	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
participated	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
by	O
the	O
fair	O
organization	O
committee	O
,	O
the	O
exhibit	O
scale	O
of	O
this	O
fair	O
is	O
the	O
largest	O
in	O
history	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
90,000	B-CARDINAL
kinds	O
of	O
books	O
exhibited	O
,	O
35,000	B-CARDINAL
kinds	O
are	O
original	O
editions	O
foreign	O
books	O
having	O
content	O
relating	O
to	O
numerous	O
subjects	O
such	O
as	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
economy	O
,	O
culture	O
,	O
education	O
,	O
social	O
development	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
strengthen	O
exchange	O
with	O
publishing	O
circles	O
from	O
various	O
countries	O
and	O
to	O
promote	O
international	O
copyright	O
trade	O
,	O
this	O
fair	O
has	O
also	O
established	O
a	O
copyright	O
trade	O
project	O
,	O
appointing	O
specialized	O
staff	O
to	O
provide	O
various	O
kinds	O
of	O
smooth	O
conditions	O
for	O
copyright	O
trade	O
.	O


Many	O
world	O
renowned	O
publishing	O
companies	O
from	O
countries	O
like	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
England	B-GPE
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
Canada	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
regions	O
of	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
Macao	B-GPE
have	O
attended	O
this	O
fair	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
's	O
Penguin	B-ORG
Books	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
Random	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Longman	B-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Concerned	O
people	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
major	O
publishing	O
companies	O
,	O
book	O
dealers	O
and	O
publishing	O
associations	O
from	O
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
participating	O
in	O
this	O
fair	O
reflects	O
the	O
importance	O
put	O
on	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
book	O
market	O
by	O
overseas	O
book	O
publishers	O
and	O
distributors	O
.	O


Lilan	B-PERSON
Zhu	I-PERSON
,	O
vice-chairman	O
of	O
National	B-ORG
Science	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
today	B-DATE
at	O
the	O
fair	O
's	O
opening	O
ceremony	O
that	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
prosperity	O
and	O
rapid	O
technological	O
progress	O
,	O
people	O
's	O
living	O
standard	O
continuously	O
improving	O
and	O
purchasing	O
capability	O
continuously	O
strengthening	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
book	O
import	O
market	O
has	O
great	O
potential	O
.	O


Irving	B-PERSON
from	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
's	O
Longman	B-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
British	B-NORP
publishers	O
hope	O
to	O
further	O
develop	O
business	O
with	O
Chinese	B-NORP
publishers	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
mutually	O
respecting	O
copyrights	O
.	O


The	B-EVENT
Beijing	I-EVENT
International	I-EVENT
Book	I-EVENT
Fair	I-EVENT
was	O
approved	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
in	O
1986	B-DATE
and	O
organized	O
by	O
China	B-ORG
Book	I-ORG
Import	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Export	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
and	O
is	O
held	O
once	O
every	O
two	O
years	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Phnom	B-GPE
Penh	I-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Heping	B-PERSON
Xing	I-PERSON
and	O
Ximei	B-PERSON
Cai	I-PERSON


Today	B-DATE
,	O
staff	O
here	O
revealed	O
that	O
various	O
Cambodian	B-NORP
parties	O
concerned	O
have	O
already	O
agreed	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
round	O
-	O
table	O
meeting	O
on	O
racial	O
peace	O
and	O
national	O
reconciliation	O
in	O
Cambodia	B-GPE
which	O
King	O
Sihanouk	B-PERSON
proposed	O
to	O
convene	O
.	O


This	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
Norodom	B-PERSON
Ranaridh	I-PERSON
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Prime	O
Minister	O
and	O
Hun	B-PERSON
Sen	I-PERSON
,	O
second	B-ORDINAL
Prime	O
Minister	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Kingdom	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Cambodia	I-GPE
,	O
met	O
in	O
the	O
Ministry	O
Office	O
with	O
Beny	B-PERSON
Weidiaunuo	I-PERSON
,	O
recently	O
posted	O
UN	B-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
representative	O
to	O
Cambodia	B-GPE
.	O


After	O
the	O
meeting	O
,	O
both	O
Weidiaunuo	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
spokesman	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Prime	I-ORG
Minister	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
said	O
to	O
reporters	O
that	O
Xiesong	B-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Cambodian	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
and	O
National	B-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
president	O
,	O
Ranaridh	B-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Funcinpec	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
and	O
first	B-ORDINAL
prime	O
minister	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Kingdom	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Cambodia	I-GPE
,	O
Hun	B-PERSON
Sen	I-PERSON
,	O
second	B-ORDINAL
prime	O
minister	O
,	O
and	O
Khieu	B-PERSON
Samphon	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Cambodian	I-ORG
Democratic	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
unanimously	O
agreed	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
round	O
-	O
table	O
meeting	O
scheduled	O
for	O
May	B-DATE
2nd	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
7th	I-DATE
in	O
Phnom	B-GPE
Penh	I-GPE
.	O


Sihanouk	B-PERSON
made	O
this	O
proposal	O
in	O
a	O
statement	O
issued	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
meeting	O
,	O
both	O
sides	O
discussed	O
issues	O
such	O
as	O
Cambodia	B-GPE
's	O
politics	O
,	O
economy	O
,	O
security	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Cambodian	B-NORP
prime	O
ministers	O
requested	O
that	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
extend	O
the	O
stay	O
of	O
his	O
representative	O
in	O
Cambodia	B-GPE
by	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
more	I-DATE
.	O


Weidiaunuo	B-PERSON
expressed	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
convey	O
this	O
suggestion	O
to	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
Secretary	O
General	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Futian	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON


Here	O
,	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-FAC
Zijin	I-FAC
Mountain	I-FAC
Astronomical	I-FAC
Observatory	I-FAC
under	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Academy	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
,	O
issued	O
the	O
specific	O
forecasted	O
time	O
to	O
observe	O
Shoemaker	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
Levy	I-LOC
9	I-LOC
comet	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
collision	O
with	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
from	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
provides	O
a	O
rare	O
opportunity	O
for	O
Chinese	B-NORP
astronomers	O
and	O
amateurs	O
to	O
observe	O
this	O
astronomic	O
phenomenon	O
of	O
rare	O
human	O
experience	O
.	O


The	B-LOC
Shoemaker	I-LOC
-	I-LOC
Levy	I-LOC
9	I-LOC
comet	I-LOC
,	O
which	O
was	O
discovered	O
by	O
US	B-GPE
astronomers	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
1993	I-DATE
,	O
has	O
now	O
split	O
into	O
21	B-CARDINAL
nuclei	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
moving	O
at	O
high	O
speed	O
towards	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
.	O


It	O
will	O
collide	O
with	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
and	O
explode	O
in	O
July	B-DATE
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
forecast	O
of	O
a	O
magnificent	O
collision	O
phenomenon	O
between	O
celestial	O
bodies	O
of	O
the	O
solar	O
system	O
in	O
human	O
history	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
international	O
observations	O
,	O
forecast	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
years	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
research	O
observations	O
and	O
precise	O
calculations	O
concerning	O
asteroids	O
and	O
comets	O
,	O
planet	O
research	O
experts	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Zijin	I-FAC
Mountain	I-FAC
Astronomical	I-FAC
Observatory	I-FAC
of	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
recently	O
forecasted	O
the	O
specific	O
time	O
for	O
observing	O
this	O
astronomic	O
phenomenon	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
collision	O
of	O
this	O
comet	O
with	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
will	O
occur	O
at	O
3:30	B-TIME
AM	I-TIME
,	O
in	O
the	B-TIME
wee	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
July	I-TIME
17th	I-TIME
,	O
Beijing	B-NORP
time	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
serial	O
number	O
of	O
the	O
colliding	O
nucleus	O
is	O
No.	O
21	B-CARDINAL
.	O


This	O
collision	O
will	O
be	O
unobservable	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
collision	O
observable	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
occur	O
at	O
2:30	B-TIME
PM	I-TIME
on	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
17th	I-TIME
and	O
the	O
serial	O
number	O
of	O
the	O
nucleus	O
is	O
No.	O
19	B-CARDINAL
.	O


This	O
collision	O
is	O
observable	O
with	O
a	O
radio	O
telescope	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
collision	O
observable	O
in	O
the	O
night	O
sky	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
occur	O
at	O
7:30	B-TIME
PM	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
17th	I-TIME
and	O
the	O
serial	O
number	O
of	O
the	O
colliding	O
nucleus	O
is	O
No.	O
18	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Within	O
15	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
after	I-TIME
the	O
collision	O
,	O
the	O
collision	O
area	O
will	O
start	O
to	O
face	O
Earth	B-LOC
.	O


Astronomy	O
amateurs	O
can	O
observe	O
it	O
with	O
a	O
suitable	O
mini-type	O
astronomical	O
telescope	O
.	O


A	O
more	O
powerful	O
collision	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
occur	O
at	O
10:30	B-TIME
that	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
and	O
the	O
serial	O
number	O
of	O
the	O
nucleus	O
is	O
No.	O
17	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
collision	O
of	O
the	O
21	B-CARDINAL
comet	O
nuclei	O
will	O
last	O
for	O
five	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
astronomy	O
experts	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Zijin	I-FAC
Mountain	I-FAC
Astronomical	I-FAC
Observatory	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
speed	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
collision	O
between	O
the	O
21	B-CARDINAL
nuclei	O
and	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
will	O
be	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
60	B-QUANTITY
km	I-QUANTITY
/	I-QUANTITY
s	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Among	O
them	O
,	O
the	O
diameters	O
of	O
the	O
11	B-CARDINAL
larger	O
nuclei	O
range	O
from	O
2	B-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
4	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
.	O


The	O
energy	O
of	O
the	O
explosion	O
at	O
collision	O
time	O
will	O
reach	O
as	B-QUANTITY
high	I-QUANTITY
as	I-QUANTITY
10	I-QUANTITY
trillion	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
TNT	O
dynamite	O
,	O
equivalent	O
to	O
the	O
explosive	O
power	O
of	O
500	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
atomic	O
bombs	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
dropped	O
on	O
Hiroshima	B-GPE
.	O


A	O
colossal	O
fireball	O
and	O
soaring	O
mushroom	O
cloud	O
may	O
be	O
formed	O
in	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
's	O
atmosphere	O
whose	O
projectiles	O
would	O
be	O
thrown	O
to	O
a	O
height	O
of	O
several	B-QUANTITY
thousand	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Astronomers	O
stressed	O
that	O
the	O
collision	O
between	O
the	O
comet	O
and	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
will	O
be	O
770	B-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
780	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
away	O
from	O
the	O
Earth	B-LOC
,	O
corresponding	O
to	O
5	B-CARDINAL
times	O
the	O
distance	O
between	O
the	O
Sun	B-LOC
and	O
the	O
Earth	B-LOC
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
will	O
impose	O
no	O
direct	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
Earth	B-LOC
.	O


According	O
to	O
astronomy	O
experts	O
,	O
the	O
observation	O
and	O
study	O
of	O
this	O
comet	O
colliding	O
with	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
will	O
help	O
both	O
the	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
revelation	O
of	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
's	O
mysteries	O
of	O
the	O
rosy	O
clouds	O
,	O
the	O
great	O
red	O
spot	O
,	O
and	O
corona	O
and	O
also	O
help	O
in	O
developing	O
research	O
on	O
the	O
odds	O
,	O
forecast	O
accuracy	O
and	O
explosive	O
effects	O
,	O
etc.	O
of	O
comets	O
and	O
asteroids	O
'	O
collision	O
with	O
Earth	B-LOC
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Russian	B-NORP
troops	O
held	O
the	O
last	O
ceremony	O
to	O
bid	O
farewell	O
to	O
Germany	B-GPE
on	O
the	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
.	O


Soldiers	O
from	O
three	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
,	O
namely	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
UK	B-GPE
and	O
France	B-GPE
will	O
also	O
withdraw	O
from	O
Berlin	B-GPE
in	O
early	B-DATE
September	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
occupying	O
armies	O
existing	O
in	O
German	B-NORP
territory	O
will	O
end	O
soon	O
.	O


On	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1939	I-DATE
,	O
Hitler	B-PERSON
's	O
army	O
attacked	O
Poland	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
has	O
just	O
been	O
55	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
now	O
since	O
the	B-EVENT
Second	I-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
which	O
brought	O
great	O
suffering	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Europe	B-LOC
and	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


A	O
total	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
from	O
European	B-NORP
countries	O
died	O
in	O
this	O
war	O
,	O
including	O
those	O
from	O
Germany	B-GPE
.	O


Among	O
them	O
,	O
the	O
USSR	B-GPE
made	O
a	O
great	O
sacrifice	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
to	O
win	O
over	O
German	B-NORP
invaders	O
.	O


Its	O
casualties	O
were	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
28	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Half	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
has	O
passed	O
in	O
a	O
flash	O
,	O
with	O
Europe	B-LOC
experiencing	O
hot	O
war	O
,	O
cold	O
war	O
,	O
turmoil	O
and	O
tremendous	O
changes	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
both	O
the	O
hot	O
and	O
cold	O
wars	O
have	O
passed	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
turmoil	O
and	O
conflict	O
is	O
not	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
seen	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
early	O
period	O
after	O
the	O
war	O
,	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
large	O
countries	O
,	O
namely	O
the	O
USSR	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
and	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
carved	O
out	O
their	O
spheres	O
of	O
influence	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
Yalta	I-LAW
agreement	I-LAW
"	I-LAW
,	O
and	O
occupied	O
Germany	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
capital	O
by	O
districts	O
.	O


The	O
highest	O
policy	O
-	O
making	O
authorities	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
then	O
were	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Control	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Allied	I-ORG
States	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
.	O


Henceforth	O
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
was	O
split	O
up	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
powerless	O
state	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
period	O
.	O


Not	O
long	O
after	O
,	O
the	O
contest	O
between	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
USSR	B-GPE
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
caused	O
a	O
split	O
in	O
the	O
original	O
anti-fascist	O
coalition	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
German	B-GPE
's	O
division	O
into	O
two	B-CARDINAL
.	O


On	O
the	O
western	O
side	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
organized	O
NATO	B-ORG
and	O
supported	O
West	B-LOC
Germany	I-LOC
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
keeping	O
the	O
USSR	B-GPE
"	O
in	O
check	O
"	O
;	O
on	O
the	O
eastern	O
side	O
,	O
the	O
USSR	B-GPE
organized	O
the	B-ORG
Warsaw	I-ORG
Pact	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
built	O
up	O
East	B-LOC
Germany	I-LOC
as	O
the	O
bridgehead	O
against	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
.	O


Germany	B-GPE
,	O
being	O
split	O
up	O
,	O
became	O
the	O
frontline	O
of	O
the	O
cold	O
-	O
war	O
confrontation	O
between	O
the	O
East	B-LOC
and	O
West	B-LOC
.	O


Henceforth	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
a	O
single	O
day	O
of	O
peace	O
in	O
the	O
political	O
situation	O
of	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
a	O
crisis	O
-	O
ridden	O
continent	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
since	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
start	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1989	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
new	O
turn	O
has	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
European	B-NORP
situation	O
.	O


Radical	O
changes	O
in	O
Eastern	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
,	O
the	O
re-unification	O
of	O
Germany	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
dissolution	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Warsaw	I-ORG
Pact	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
disintegration	O
of	O
the	O
USSR	B-GPE
all	O
occurred	O
successively	O
,	O
causing	O
difficulties	O
in	O
continuing	O
the	O
original	O
"	O
Yalta	B-GPE
system	O
"	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
great	O
change	O
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
became	O
the	O
largest	O
beneficiary	O
.	O


The	O
rise	O
of	O
a	O
re-unified	O
Germany	B-GPE
has	O
changed	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
strength	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
making	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
and	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
originally	O
were	O
large	O
world	O
powers	O
,	O
worry	O
about	O
dropping	O
to	O
second	B-ORDINAL
-	O
class	O
big	O
countries	O
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
only	O
superpower	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
has	O
recently	O
started	O
to	O
regard	O
Germany	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
"	O
partner	O
in	O
leadership	O
"	O
,	O
encouraging	O
it	O
to	O
"	O
exercise	O
a	O
leadership	O
role	O
"	O
in	O
world	O
politics	O
.	O


The	O
reason	O
is	O
obvious	O
:	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
wants	O
to	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
Germany	B-GPE
's	O
strength	O
.	O


A	O
unified	O
Germany	B-GPE
is	O
moving	O
today	B-DATE
from	O
a	O
large	O
economic	O
country	O
to	O
a	O
large	O
political	O
country	O
.	O


Depending	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
tremendous	O
strength	O
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
is	O
playing	O
a	O
leading	O
role	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
its	O
role	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
giant	O
"	O
is	O
obviously	O
seen	O
by	O
common	O
people	O
.	O


It	O
spares	O
no	O
efforts	O
in	O
playing	O
a	O
"	O
bridging	O
role	O
"	O
between	O
eastern	O
and	O
western	O
Europe	B-LOC
and	O
participating	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
peacekeeping	O
mission	O
"	O
under	O
the	O
banner	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
is	O
striving	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
permanent	O
member	O
country	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
the	O
historical	O
post-war	O
period	O
is	O
drawing	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
lesson	O
of	O
blood	O
and	O
tears	O
and	O
the	O
painful	O
experience	O
it	O
left	O
for	O
later	O
generations	O
still	O
needs	O
to	O
continue	O
and	O
earnestly	O
conclude	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE


A	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Indian	I-NORP
foreign	O
affairs	O
and	O
military	O
expert	O
group	O
held	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
meeting	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
from	O
April	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
.	O


Both	O
parties	O
continued	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
consultations	O
on	O
carrying	O
out	O
and	O
implementing	O
agreements	O
reached	O
by	O
both	O
countries	O
'	O
governments	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
that	O
maintain	O
peace	O
and	O
harmony	O
in	O
the	O
actual	O
border	O
control	O
line	O
district	O
,	O
and	O
signed	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Working	I-ORG
Regulations	I-ORG
For	I-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Indian	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Military	I-ORG
Expert	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
.	O


Both	O
parties	O
agreed	O
in	O
principle	O
that	O
the	O
next	O
meeting	O
would	O
be	O
held	O
around	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1994	I-DATE
in	O
New	B-GPE
Delhi	I-GPE
.	O


On	O
the	O
22nd	B-DATE
vice-minister	O
of	O
Foreign	O
Affairs	O
Jiaxuan	B-PERSON
Tang	I-PERSON
met	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
Indian	B-NORP
expert	O
group	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
North	I-ORG
East	I-ORG
Asia	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
Hifushancal	B-PERSON
Maynen	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
delegation	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Lockheed	B-ORG
and	O
Martin	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Marietta	I-ORG
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
old	O
-	O
brand	O
military	O
industrial	O
corporations	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
announced	O
merging	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
30th	I-DATE
,	O
forming	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
's	O
largest	O
defense	O
equipment	O
contractor	O
corporation	O
.	O


Lockheed	B-ORG
Company	I-ORG
and	O
Martin	B-ORG
Company	I-ORG
are	O
additional	O
participants	O
in	O
the	O
growing	O
trend	O
of	O
takeovers	O
and	O
mergers	O
of	O
US	B-GPE
companies	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
trend	O
has	O
spread	O
widely	O
to	O
pharmaceutical	O
and	O
medical	O
instrument	O
companies	O
,	O
telecommunication	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
companies	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
retail	O
,	O
banks	O
and	O
railway	O
companies	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
statistics	O
of	O
"	B-ORG
Time	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
magazine	I-ORG
,	O
from	O
January	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
July	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
asset	O
value	O
of	O
takeovers	O
announced	O
by	O
US	B-GPE
companies	O
was	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
171.6	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
increasing	O
by	O
about	B-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
over	O
the	B-DATE
same	I-DATE
period	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Within	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
7	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
takeovers	O
and	O
mergers	O
in	O
total	O
announced	O
by	O
four	B-CARDINAL
big	O
US	B-GPE
industries	O
,	O
medical	O
treatment	O
,	O
media	O
,	O
telecommunications	O
and	O
banking	O
,	O
reached	O
1062	B-CARDINAL
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
fourth	I-CARDINAL
of	O
all	O
takeovers	O
.	O


Regardless	O
of	O
whether	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
takeover	O
companies	O
or	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
takeover	O
assets	O
,	O
both	O
exceeded	O
or	O
were	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
peak	O
of	O
US	B-GPE
company	O
takeovers	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
'80's	I-DATE
.	O


Observers	O
here	O
hold	O
that	O
since	B-DATE
1994	I-DATE
,	O
reasons	O
for	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
company	O
takeover	O
trend	O
differ	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


Firstly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
the	O
general	O
trend	O
of	O
globalization	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
compels	O
companies	O
to	O
expand	O
scale	O
and	O
combine	O
businesses	O
,	O
increase	O
their	O
overall	O
competitive	O
strength	O
and	O
to	O
reduce	O
costs	O
.	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
the	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
government	O
's	O
thoughts	O
and	O
actions	O
in	O
constructing	O
the	O
information	O
highway	O
,	O
adjusting	O
the	O
financial	O
industry	O
and	O
reforming	O
the	O
medical	O
insurance	O
system	O
compels	O
related	O
companies	O
to	O
make	O
strategic	O
adjustments	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
attitude	O
towards	O
anti-trust	O
laws	O
is	O
somewhat	O
more	O
relaxed	O
than	O
before	O
.	O


Taking	O
the	O
pharmaceutical	O
and	O
medical	O
equipment	O
companies	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
,	O
reforms	O
of	O
hospitals	O
expanding	O
scales	O
of	O
purchasing	O
medicine	O
and	O
medical	O
treatment	O
equipment	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
reducing	O
unit	O
costs	O
and	O
expanding	O
services	O
,	O
have	O
spread	O
throughout	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


That	O
the	B-ORG
Columbia	I-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
purchased	O
two	B-CARDINAL
hospital	O
groups	O
within	B-DATE
one	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
thus	O
integrating	O
pharmaceuticals	O
,	O
medical	O
treatment	O
and	O
sales	O
,	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
such	O
example	O
.	O


For	O
telecommunications	O
companies	O
,	O
the	O
merger	O
of	O
telephone	O
companies	O
with	O
cable	O
TV	O
and	O
wireless	O
communications	O
companies	O
frequently	O
is	O
to	O
mutually	O
complement	O
one	O
another	O
in	O
operations	O
and	O
to	O
dominate	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


Recently	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
Congress	B-ORG
passed	O
an	O
inter-state	O
banking	O
law	O
,	O
allowing	O
regional	O
banks	O
to	O
operate	O
in	O
other	O
states	O
.	O


Handholding	O
among	O
banks	O
is	O
also	O
to	O
reduce	O
overlapping	O
services	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
reduce	O
costs	O
,	O
to	O
strengthen	O
base	O
assets	O
,	O
and	O
expand	O
credit	O
scales	O
.	O


For	O
military	O
industry	O
enterprises	O
,	O
the	O
merger	O
of	O
Lockheed	B-ORG
and	O
Martin	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
old	O
-	O
brand	O
corporations	O
,	O
namely	O
Northrop	B-ORG
and	O
Grumman	B-ORG
,	O
are	O
both	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
reason	O
:	O
after	O
the	O
cold	O
war	O
,	O
the	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
national	O
defense	O
expenditures	O
gradually	O
reduced	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
scale	O
and	O
strength	O
of	O
military	O
industry	O
enterprises	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
conditions	O
necessary	O
for	O
winning	O
limited	O
government	O
weapons	O
purchasing	O
contracts	O
.	O


Observers	O
here	O
believe	O
that	O
company	O
takeovers	O
has	O
a	O
positive	O
aspect	O
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
the	O
reduction	O
of	O
cost	O
,	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
efficiency	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
strengthening	O
of	O
competitive	O
power	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
many	O
takeovers	O
are	O
obviously	O
actions	O
that	O
must	O
be	O
taken	O
for	O
companies	O
to	O
survive	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
history	O
has	O
proven	O
that	O
"	O
big	O
and	O
complete	O
"	O
monopolies	O
of	O
production	O
and	O
sales	O
is	O
not	O
beneficial	O
to	O
the	O
national	O
economy	O
's	O
healthy	O
development	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
'70's	I-DATE
,	O
mergers	O
of	O
US	B-GPE
steel	O
mills	O
directly	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
birth	O
of	O
a	O
few	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
unified	O
steel	O
companies	O
,	O
but	O
these	O
companies	O
also	O
faced	O
serious	O
threats	O
from	O
small	O
-	O
scale	O
steel	O
mills	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
flexible	O
in	O
operation	O
and	O
advanced	O
in	O
technology	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
company	O
takeovers	O
have	O
had	O
bad	O
effects	O
on	O
consumers	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
product	O
quality	O
and	O
price	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
on	O
workers	O
'	O
employment	O
.	O


While	O
voice	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
opinion	O
that	O
small	O
enterprises	O
are	O
the	O
new	O
forces	O
of	O
economic	O
growth	O
,	O
scaled	O
operation	O
of	O
big	O
corporations	O
will	O
constantly	O
face	O
new	O
difficulties	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Kunming	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Ziliang	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON


Recently	O
,	O
this	O
reporter	O
obtained	O
information	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Civil	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	O
Yunnan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
that	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
tripartite	O
agreement	O
reached	O
by	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
Laos	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
UNHCR	B-ORG
on	O
repatriating	O
Laotian	B-NORP
refugees	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
Yunnan	B-GPE
has	O
smoothly	O
completed	O
the	O
task	O
of	O
repatriating	O
2917	B-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
12	B-CARDINAL
batches	O
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
repatriation	O
headcount	O
accounts	O
for	O
over	B-PERCENT
73	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
original	O
Laotian	B-NORP
refugees	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
unified	O
arrangement	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
since	B-DATE
1978	I-DATE
,	O
Yunnan	B-GPE
has	O
successively	O
accepted	O
and	O
settled	O
over	B-CARDINAL
64,100	I-CARDINAL
refugees	O
,	O
and	O
by	B-DATE
1991	I-DATE
,	O
Laotian	B-NORP
refugees	O
had	O
reached	O
3994	B-CARDINAL
.	O


In	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
related	O
international	O
treaty	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
government	O
signed	O
,	O
Yunnan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
has	O
carried	O
out	O
a	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
international	O
and	O
humanitarian	O
aid	O
to	O
the	O
refugees	O
.	O


For	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
15	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
while	O
the	O
whole	O
province	O
still	O
has	O
over	B-CARDINAL
40	I-CARDINAL
poor	O
counties	O
still	O
receiving	O
government	O
financed	O
subsidies	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
paid	O
a	O
cumulative	O
total	O
of	O
260	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
specially	O
for	O
the	O
refugees	O
to	O
resolve	O
of	O
birth	O
and	O
life	O
difficulties	O
.	O


The	O
international	O
community	O
commonly	O
recognizes	O
that	O
voluntarily	O
repatriating	O
refugees	O
to	O
their	O
original	O
countries	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
approach	O
to	O
permanently	O
resolving	O
refugee	O
problems	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
continual	O
improvement	O
of	O
relations	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Laos	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Laotian	B-NORP
government	O
proactively	O
expressed	O
willingness	O
to	O
accept	O
the	O
return	O
of	O
Laotian	B-NORP
refugees	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Conditions	O
are	O
improving	O
daily	O
for	O
repatriating	O
refugees	O
.	O


In	O
April	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
July	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1991	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
Laotian	B-NORP
governments	O
formally	O
signed	O
the	O
"	O
agreement	O
regarding	O
repatriating	O
Laotian	B-NORP
refugees	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
"	O
and	O
a	O
"	O
memorandum	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
respectively	O
entrusted	O
the	O
Yunnan	B-GPE
provincial	O
government	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Nanta	B-GPE
provincial	O
government	O
of	O
Laos	B-GPE
to	O
be	O
specifically	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
organization	O
and	O
implementation	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
repatriation	O
,	O
the	O
Yunnan	B-GPE
provincial	O
government	O
was	O
extremely	O
concerned	O
about	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
the	O
refugees	O
,	O
and	O
co-operated	O
closely	O
with	O
the	O
Laotian	B-NORP
government	O
and	O
the	O
UNHCR	B-ORG
,	O
making	O
the	O
repatriation	O
work	O
progress	O
smoothly	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
there	O
still	O
remain	O
1075	B-CARDINAL
Laotian	B-NORP
refugees	O
in	O
Yunnan	B-GPE
.	O


Under	O
the	O
prerequisite	O
of	O
being	O
completely	O
voluntary	O
,	O
the	O
Yunnan	B-GPE
provincial	O
government	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
the	O
repatriation	O
actively	O
and	O
appropriately	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE


China	B-GPE
's	O
Foreign	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
spokesperson	O
expressed	O
condolences	O
over	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
former	O
US	B-GPE
president	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
on	O
the	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
22nd	I-TIME
.	O


In	O
response	O
to	O
queries	O
from	O
reporters	O
,	O
this	O
spokesperson	O
said	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
period	O
when	O
former	O
US	B-GPE
president	O
Mr.	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
was	O
ill	O
,	O
Chinese	B-NORP
leaders	O
have	O
relayed	O
consolation	O
through	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
ambassador	O
stationed	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
express	O
our	O
deepest	O
condolences	O
over	O
his	O
death	O
.	O


Key	O
national	O
leaders	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
have	O
already	O
sent	O
telegrams	O
of	O
condolences	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Urumchi	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Shengjiang	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
and	O
Jian'gang	B-PERSON
Ding	I-PERSON


The	O
'94	B-DATE
China	B-GPE
-	O
Urumchi	B-GPE
external	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
negotiation	O
meeting	O
-LRB-	B-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
Urumchi	I-EVENT
Negotiation	I-EVENT
Meeting	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
-RRB-	I-EVENT
convened	O
grandly	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
in	O
the	O
capital	O
of	O
Xinjiang	B-GPE
,	O
Urumchi	B-GPE
.	O


Over	B-CARDINAL
4000	I-CARDINAL
guests	O
from	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
attended	O
the	O
opening	O
ceremony	O
.	O


Ahbulaity	B-PERSON
Ahbudurecy	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Xinjiang	I-GPE
Uigur	I-GPE
Autonomous	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
,	O
presided	O
at	O
the	O
opening	O
ceremony	O
,	O
and	O
leaders	O
such	O
as	O
Tiemuer	B-PERSON
Dawamaiti	I-PERSON
,	O
vice-chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
,	O
Shimayi	B-PERSON
Aimaiti	I-PERSON
,	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
cut	O
the	O
ribbon	O
for	O
the	O
meeting	O
.	O


Compared	O
with	O
before	O
,	O
the	O
commercial	O
strength	O
of	O
foreign	O
merchants	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
has	O
obviously	O
increased	O
.	O


Nearly	B-CARDINAL
2000	I-CARDINAL
traveling	O
merchants	O
from	O
42	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
meeting	O
to	O
negotiate	O
on	O
trade	O
deals	O
.	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
powerful	O
international	O
companies	O
and	O
commercial	O
agencies	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Ito	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
of	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
Han	B-ORG
Hua	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
of	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
Jeffrey	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
participated	O
in	O
this	B-EVENT
Urumchi	I-EVENT
Negotiation	I-EVENT
Meeting	I-EVENT
.	O


Enterprises	O
from	O
domestic	O
coastal	O
provinces	O
and	O
cities	O
increased	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
altogether	O
30	B-CARDINAL
enterprise	O
representatives	O
from	O
30	B-CARDINAL
provinces	O
,	O
cities	O
and	O
autonomous	O
regions	O
coming	O
to	O
this	O
meeting	O
.	O


The	O
729	B-CARDINAL
booths	O
prepared	O
for	O
the	O
meeting	O
have	O
all	O
been	O
sold	O
out	O
.	O


As	O
far	O
as	O
the	O
exhibit	O
situation	O
is	O
concerned	O
,	O
the	O
grade	O
of	O
meeting	O
exhibition	O
goods	O
has	O
obviously	O
risen	O
and	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
variety	O
of	O
designs	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
variety	O
of	O
types	O
is	O
relatively	O
large	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
are	O
there	O
famous	O
quality	O
products	O
local	O
to	O
Xinjiang	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
also	O
quality	O
products	O
famous	O
both	O
here	O
and	O
abroad	O
.	O


This	O
meeting	O
is	O
named	O
"	B-EVENT
the	I-EVENT
Urumchi	I-EVENT
external	I-EVENT
economy	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
trade	I-EVENT
negotiation	I-EVENT
meeting	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
,	O
while	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
previous	O
meetings	O
were	O
called	O
"	B-EVENT
Urumchi	I-EVENT
border	I-EVENT
local	I-EVENT
region	I-EVENT
negotiation	I-EVENT
meeting	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
.	O


Its	O
merchant	O
invitation	O
scope	O
extends	O
from	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
to	O
nearly	O
100	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
such	O
as	O
Europe	B-LOC
and	O
America	B-LOC
,	O
southeast	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
western	O
Asia	B-LOC
,	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
etc	O
.	O


The	O
content	O
of	O
negotiations	O
,	O
besides	O
barter	O
trade	O
,	O
also	O
has	O
added	O
items	O
such	O
as	O
cash	O
trading	O
,	O
economic	O
and	O
technological	O
co-operation	O
and	O
capital	O
and	O
technology	O
introduction	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


The	B-EVENT
Urumchi	I-EVENT
negotiation	I-EVENT
meeting	I-EVENT
has	O
become	O
an	O
important	O
component	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
reported	O
that	O
Xinjiang	B-GPE
carefully	O
prepared	O
300	B-CARDINAL
external	O
economic	O
and	O
technological	O
co-operation	O
projects	O
and	O
domestic	O
cooperation	O
projects	O
for	O
this	O
meeting	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
further	O
extend	O
domestic	O
and	O
external	O
economic	O
and	O
technological	O
co-operation	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
remote	O
and	O
poor	O
counties	O
in	O
this	O
region	O
also	O
actively	O
participated	O
,	O
bringing	O
their	O
own	O
special	O
products	O
and	O
merchant	O
invitation	O
projects	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
first	O
"	O
Urumchi	B-EVENT
negotiation	I-EVENT
meeting	I-EVENT
"	O
held	O
in	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
economy	O
of	O
Xinjiang	B-GPE
has	O
steadily	O
developed	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
has	O
expanded	O
daily	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
already	O
established	O
trade	O
and	O
economic	O
co-operation	O
relations	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
50	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
.	O


Infrastructures	O
and	O
basic	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
energy	O
,	O
transportation	O
,	O
telecommunications	O
,	O
etc.	O
have	O
gotten	O
strength	O
and	O
improvement	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
alone	I-DATE
,	O
fixed	O
assets	O
investments	O
reached	O
23.195	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
11	B-CARDINAL
key	O
construction	O
projects	O
were	O
completed	O
.	O


The	O
investment	O
in	O
infrastructure	O
construction	O
continuously	O
increases	O
,	O
and	O
28	B-CARDINAL
key	O
projects	O
currently	O
under	O
construction	O
are	O
progressing	O
smoothly	O
.	O


Xinjiang	B-GPE
has	O
already	O
opened	O
up	O
33	B-CARDINAL
international	O
and	O
domestic	O
flight	O
routes	O
,	O
has	O
15	B-CARDINAL
open	O
ports	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
become	O
one	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
provinces	O
and	O
regions	O
having	O
the	O
most	O
border	O
ports	O
.	O


This	O
meeting	O
will	O
end	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
8th	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Bishkek	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Mengjun	B-PERSON
Ju	I-PERSON
and	O
Xiaoguang	B-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON


Premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
and	O
President	O
Akayev	B-PERSON
of	O
the	B-GPE
Kyrgyzstan	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
held	O
a	O
two	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
and	I-TIME
-	I-TIME
half	I-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
talk	O
at	O
the	O
government	O
building	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
to	O
deeply	O
exchange	O
views	O
on	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
,	O
regional	O
issues	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


The	O
talk	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
a	O
cordial	O
and	O
friendly	O
atmosphere	O
.	O


President	O
Akayev	B-PERSON
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
,	O
toward	O
Premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
's	O
visiting	O
the	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Kyrgyzstan	I-GPE
,	O
expressed	O
a	O
warm	O
welcome	O
.	O


Akayev	B-PERSON
emphasized	O
that	O
the	O
important	O
speech	O
given	O
by	O
Premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
in	O
Tashkent	B-GPE
put	O
forward	O
the	O
clear	O
principles	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
developing	O
friendly	O
neighborhood	O
relations	O
with	O
various	O
countries	O
of	O
Central	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
,	O
which	O
has	O
significance	O
to	O
the	O
peace	O
and	O
stability	O
of	O
Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
entire	O
Central	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
region	O
.	O


He	O
holds	O
that	O
as	O
a	O
permanent	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
China	B-GPE
plays	O
an	O
especially	O
active	O
role	O
in	O
international	O
affairs	O
.	O


Akayev	B-PERSON
expressed	O
that	O
Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
young	O
country	O
that	O
gained	O
independence	O
not	O
long	O
ago	O
,	O
and	O
needs	O
to	O
use	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
experience	O
as	O
reference	O
,	O
including	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
experience	O
in	O
international	O
activities	O
.	O


He	O
hoped	O
that	O
diplomatic	O
representatives	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
would	O
maintain	O
consultations	O
and	O
strengthen	O
co-operation	O
in	O
international	O
organizations	O
.	O


Premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
first	O
conveyed	O
the	O
warm	O
greetings	O
of	O
President	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
to	O
President	O
Akayev	B-PERSON
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
have	O
common	O
borders	O
and	O
a	O
traditional	O
friendship	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
both	O
countries	O
has	O
developed	O
smoothly	O
since	O
the	O
independence	O
of	O
Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
.	O


China	B-GPE
is	O
willing	O
to	O
make	O
efforts	O
to	O
continually	O
deepen	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
friendship	O
.	O


Akayev	B-PERSON
requested	O
that	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
convey	O
his	O
greetings	O
to	O
President	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
and	O
invite	O
him	O
to	O
visit	O
Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
.	O


Akayev	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
strengthening	O
co-operative	O
relations	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
such	O
areas	O
as	O
politics	O
,	O
economy	O
,	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
culture	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
is	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
greatest	O
interest	O
of	O
the	O
Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
people	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
also	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
directions	O
of	O
Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
policies	O
to	O
be	O
developed	O
.	O


President	O
Akayev	B-PERSON
expressed	O
his	O
agreement	O
on	O
Premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
's	O
idea	O
of	O
building	O
a	O
new	O
silk	O
road	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
to	O
this	O
end	O
Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
would	O
make	O
its	O
own	O
effort	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
new	O
silk	O
road	O
a	O
road	O
of	O
co-operation	O
and	O
a	O
road	O
of	O
friendship	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
will	O
forever	O
regard	O
China	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
friendly	O
neighbor	O
and	O
a	O
mutually	O
reliable	O
co-operative	O
partner	O
among	O
Central	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
countries	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
the	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Kyrgyzstani	I-NORP
border	O
,	O
both	O
sides	O
unanimously	O
hold	O
that	O
they	O
should	O
make	O
the	O
best	O
use	O
of	O
time	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
previously	O
reached	O
agreements	O
in	O
a	O
legal	O
manner	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
to	O
continue	O
friendly	O
negotiations	O
on	O
some	O
remaining	O
issues	O
.	O


Whereas	O
both	O
parties	O
are	O
sincere	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
believed	O
that	O
the	O
border	O
issues	O
will	O
be	O
settled	O
satisfactorily	O
within	O
a	O
short	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
reaching	O
a	O
border	O
agreement	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
is	O
of	O
great	O
significance	O
for	O
strengthening	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Kyrgyzstani	I-NORP
relations	O
.	O


He	O
hoped	O
that	O
the	O
borders	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
would	O
become	O
the	O
ties	O
of	O
peace	O
and	O
friendship	O
and	O
the	O
bridge	O
for	O
economic	O
prosperity	O
.	O


Akayev	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
trend	O
of	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
co-operation	O
between	O
both	O
countries	O
is	O
very	O
good	O
and	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
currently	O
become	O
an	O
important	O
trade	O
partner	O
with	O
Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
.	O


Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
hopes	O
to	O
elevate	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
between	O
both	O
countries	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
level	O
,	O
and	O
welcomes	O
Chinese	B-NORP
enterprises	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
to	O
invest	O
.	O


He	O
expressed	O
that	O
positive	O
achievements	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
some	O
co-operation	O
projects	O
between	O
Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Xinjiang	B-GPE
region	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
great	O
potential	O
in	O
this	O
aspect	O
.	O


Akayev	B-PERSON
also	O
highly	O
esteemed	O
the	O
fruitful	O
co-operation	O
between	O
the	O
scientists	O
and	O
technicians	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
should	O
strengthen	O
co-operative	O
relations	O
in	O
such	O
fields	O
as	O
economy	O
,	O
trade	O
,	O
science	O
,	O
technology	O
,	O
culture	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


He	O
expressed	O
that	O
"	O
after	O
the	O
independence	O
of	O
Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
larger	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
trade	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
,	O
mainly	O
in	O
the	O
border	O
regions	O
.	O


I	O
agree	O
to	O
further	O
expand	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
equality	O
and	O
mutual	O
benefits	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
takes	O
a	O
positive	O
attitude	O
regarding	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
corporations	O
coming	O
to	O
Kyrgyzstan	B-GPE
to	O
invest	O
.	O
"	O


Premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
also	O
said	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
supports	O
the	O
maintenance	O
of	O
friendly	O
relations	O
among	O
Central	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
countries	O
and	O
between	O
them	O
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


President	O
Akayev	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
long	O
history	O
in	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
relationships	O
between	O
Central	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
countries	O
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
that	O
keeping	O
good	O
relations	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
.	O


The	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
also	O
exchanged	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
views	O
on	O
some	O
other	O
regional	O
issues	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Bonn	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Zhongfa	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON


The	O
ceremony	O
for	O
the	O
withdrawal	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
group	O
of	O
Russian	B-NORP
troops	O
from	O
Germany	B-GPE
was	O
held	O
in	O
Berlin	B-GPE
on	O
the	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
signifies	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
USSR	B-GPE
's	O
49	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
post-war	O
placement	O
of	O
troops	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
.	O


Russian	B-NORP
President	O
Yeltsin	B-PERSON
and	O
German	B-NORP
Chancellor	O
Kohl	B-PERSON
chaired	O
the	O
troop	O
withdrawal	O
ceremony	O
and	O
delivered	O
speeches	O
.	O


Yeltsin	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1994	I-DATE
was	O
a	O
turning	O
point	O
"	O
for	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
and	O
all	O
of	O
Europe	B-LOC
"	O
.	O


He	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
Soviet	B-NORP
troops	O
had	O
made	O
a	O
huge	O
sacrifice	O
in	O
defeating	O
Nazism	B-NORP
and	O
liberating	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
German	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Russian	I-NORP
post-war	O
relations	O
has	O
already	O
passed	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
"	O
Russia	B-GPE
and	O
Germany	B-GPE
will	O
never	O
go	O
to	O
war	O
again	O
"	O
.	O


Kohl	B-PERSON
held	O
that	O
the	O
ultimate	O
complete	O
withdrawal	O
of	O
Russian	B-NORP
troops	O
from	O
Germany	B-GPE
is	O
"	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
European	B-NORP
post-war	O
history	O
"	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
Germany	B-GPE
's	O
attack	O
on	O
the	O
USSR	B-GPE
on	O
June	B-DATE
22nd	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1941	I-DATE
was	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
forgotten	O
.	O


Kohl	B-PERSON
emphasized	O
that	O
without	O
the	O
co-operation	O
of	O
the	O
USSR	B-GPE
,	O
German	B-NORP
unification	O
would	O
be	O
impossible	O
to	O
realize	O
.	O


Co-operation	O
between	O
Germany	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
just	O
had	O
a	O
good	O
beginning	O
.	O
"	O


Europe	B-LOC
's	O
safety	O
and	O
happiness	O
will	O
be	O
guaranteed	O
only	O
by	O
implementing	O
close	O
co-operation	O
with	O
Russia	B-GPE
"	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
said	O
that	O
Russia	B-GPE
joined	O
NATO	B-ORG
's	O
peace	O
partner	O
relation	O
program	O
recently	O
,	O
and	O
signed	O
a	O
partner	O
relation	O
and	O
co-operation	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
"	O
important	O
components	O
for	O
building	O
up	O
a	O
European	B-NORP
Plaza	O
"	O
.	O


Before	O
the	O
unification	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Germanys	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
former	O
USSR	B-GPE
stationed	O
about	O
380,000	B-CARDINAL
soldiers	O
in	O
the	O
former	O
Democratic	B-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Germany	I-GPE
.	O


After	O
German	B-NORP
unification	O
,	O
Soviet	B-NORP
troops	O
stationed	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
starting	O
from	O
1991	B-DATE
,	O
withdrew	O
in	O
groups	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
agreement	O
by	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
is	O
the	O
deadline	O
for	O
completely	O
withdrawing	O
Russian	B-NORP
troops	O
from	O
Germany	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
Germany	B-GPE
provided	O
12	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
of	O
aid	O
for	O
the	O
withdrawal	O
of	O
Soviet	B-NORP
troops	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yanghe	B-PERSON
Yuan	I-PERSON


Professor	O
Yuyi	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
painter	O
whose	O
famous	O
canvas	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
A	I-WORK_OF_ART
happy	I-WORK_OF_ART
night	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
caused	O
a	O
sensation	O
in	O
the	O
art	O
world	O
,	O
recently	O
in	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
made	O
public	O
a	O
yuhua	O
stone	O
he	O
had	O
discovered	O
-	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Stone	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Divine	I-WORK_OF_ART
Land	I-WORK_OF_ART
with	I-WORK_OF_ART
five	I-WORK_OF_ART
unique	I-WORK_OF_ART
features	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


The	O
appearance	O
and	O
size	O
of	O
this	O
yuhua	O
stone	O
is	O
quite	O
similar	O
to	O
an	O
auspicious	O
folk	O
object	O
,	O
a	O
longevity	O
locket	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
very	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
yuhua	O
stone	O
is	O
a	O
clear	O
image	O
of	O
the	O
territory	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
People	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
image	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
two	B-CARDINAL
ends	O
towering	O
,	O
a	O
sunken	O
middle	O
section	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
lower	O
right	O
part	O
protruding	O
,	O
looks	O
like	O
a	O
rooster	O
craning	O
and	O
crowing	O
with	O
its	O
neck	O
stretched	O
and	O
chest	O
thrown	O
out	O
;	O
on	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
rooster	O
's	O
"	O
belly	O
is	O
the	O
long	O
and	O
narrow	O
"	O
Taiwan	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
"	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
separated	O
by	O
"	O
straits	O
"	O
;	O
under	O
the	O
claw	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
rooster	O
"	O
is	O
the	O
round	O
"	O
Hainan	B-LOC
Island	I-LOC
"	O
.	O


The	O
color	O
and	O
luster	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
"	O
islands	O
"	O
are	O
completely	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
mainland	O
"	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
image	O
is	O
almost	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
map	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Professor	O
Yuyi	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
he	O
picked	O
up	O
the	O
stone	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
to	O
a	O
yuhua	O
stone	O
processing	O
plant	O
in	O
a	O
suburb	O
of	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
after	O
he	O
returned	O
home	O
he	O
carefully	O
inspected	O
the	O
stone	O
and	O
discovered	O
the	O
"	O
territory	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
"	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
he	O
also	O
discovered	O
that	O
entrenched	O
above	O
the	O
mainland	O
territory	O
and	O
along	O
the	O
frontier	O
lines	O
of	O
the	O
northeast	O
,	O
the	O
north	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
northwest	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
huge	O
dragon	O
with	O
a	O
bright	O
pearl	O
in	O
its	O
mouth	O
;	O
above	O
this	O
huge	O
dragon	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
golden	O
facula	O
in	O
the	O
shape	O
of	O
a	O
gold	O
dollar	O
;	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
mainland	O
territory	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
string	O
of	O
torch	O
-	O
shaped	O
stripes	O
symbolizing	O
the	O
eternal	O
flame	O
of	O
life	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
nation	O
;	O
adding	O
in	O
its	O
resemblance	O
to	O
a	O
longevity	O
locket	O
,	O
altogether	O
this	O
stone	O
has	O
5	B-CARDINAL
special	O
features	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
Yuyi	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
named	O
this	O
stone	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Stone	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Divine	I-WORK_OF_ART
Land	I-WORK_OF_ART
with	I-WORK_OF_ART
five	I-WORK_OF_ART
unique	I-WORK_OF_ART
features	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Hanoi	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Shuojing	B-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON


Six	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
,	O
namely	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
Thailand	B-GPE
,	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
,	O
Burma	B-GPE
,	O
Laos	B-GPE
and	O
Cambodia	B-GPE
,	O
will	O
further	O
strengthen	O
co-operation	O
in	O
such	O
areas	O
as	O
transportation	O
,	O
energy	O
,	O
trade	O
and	O
investment	O
,	O
environmental	O
protection	O
,	O
tourism	O
and	O
human	O
resources	O
development	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
the	O
common	O
understanding	O
held	O
by	O
representatives	O
of	O
the	O
six	B-CARDINAL
aforementioned	O
countries	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Asian	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
third	B-ORDINAL
secondary	B-ORDINAL
region	O
economic	O
co-operation	O
meeting	O
,	O
which	O
closed	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


This	O
meeting	O
also	O
decided	O
that	O
transportation	O
is	O
content	O
that	O
is	O
focal	O
to	O
secondary	B-ORDINAL
region	O
co-operation	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
highways	O
from	O
Kunming	B-GPE
to	O
Chiang	B-GPE
Mai	I-GPE
,	I-GPE
Thailand	I-GPE
and	O
from	O
Kunming	B-GPE
to	O
Lashio	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Burma	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
railroads	O
from	O
Yunnan	B-GPE
to	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
from	O
Yunnan	B-GPE
to	O
Thailand	B-GPE
were	O
listed	O
as	O
the	O
projects	O
taking	O
first	B-ORDINAL
priority	O
in	O
being	O
developed	O
.	O


This	O
meeting	O
was	O
organized	O
by	O
the	O
Vietnamese	B-NORP
government	O
and	O
Asian	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
was	O
chaired	O
by	O
government	O
delegations	O
of	O
the	O
6	B-CARDINAL
aforementioned	O
countries	O
and	O
representatives	O
of	O
some	O
international	O
organizations	O
and	O
institutes	O
.	O


In	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Asian	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
first	B-ORDINAL
proposed	O
various	O
aspects	O
of	O
economic	O
co-operation	O
within	O
the	O
secondary	B-ORDINAL
region	O
formed	O
by	O
China	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
Yunnan	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Cambodia	B-GPE
,	O
Laos	B-GPE
,	O
Burma	B-GPE
,	O
Thailand	B-GPE
and	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
also	O
decided	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
co-operation	O
and	O
development	O
projects	O
of	O
regional	O
significance	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
and	O
second	B-ORDINAL
Asian	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
secondary	B-ORDINAL
region	O
economic	O
co-operation	O
meetings	O
were	O
held	O
in	O
Manila	B-GPE
in	O
October	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
1992	I-DATE
and	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
1993	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Hanoi	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Shuojing	B-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON


At	O
a	O
press	O
conference	O
held	O
here	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
Samuel	B-PERSON
Insanally	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
,	O
appealed	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
to	O
further	O
assist	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
to	O
recover	O
and	O
develop	O
its	O
economy	O
.	O


Insanally	O
emphasized	O
that	O
helping	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
to	O
recover	O
production	O
and	O
construction	O
is	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
's	O
current	O
responsibility	O
.	O


He	O
appealed	O
to	O
countries	O
participating	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
Parisian	I-EVENT
international	I-EVENT
meeting	I-EVENT
on	I-EVENT
assisting	I-EVENT
Vietnam	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
to	O
be	O
held	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
in	O
November	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
extend	O
economic	O
aid	O
to	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
the	B-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
Parisian	I-EVENT
international	I-EVENT
meeting	I-EVENT
on	I-EVENT
assisting	I-EVENT
Vietnam	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
held	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
totally	O
received	O
aid	O
of	O
1.86	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
from	O
such	O
countries	O
as	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
Korea	B-GPE
,	O
Sweden	B-GPE
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Insanally	B-PERSON
also	O
expressed	O
that	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
will	O
strengthen	O
its	O
assistance	O
program	O
to	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
UN	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
alone	O
has	O
implemented	O
nearly	O
300	B-CARDINAL
large	O
and	O
small	O
development	O
projects	O
in	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
a	O
worth	O
of	O
over	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Insanally	B-PERSON
arrived	O
in	O
Hanoi	B-GPE
on	O
the	B-DATE
28th	I-DATE
for	O
a	O
4	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
visit	O
on	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
Mengqin	B-PERSON
Run	I-PERSON
,	O
foreign	O
minister	O
of	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Haikou	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jiang	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON


This	O
reporter	O
learned	O
from	O
the	O
Hainan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
Transportation	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Transport	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
that	O
the	O
Hainan	B-GPE
provincial	O
government	O
has	O
recently	O
selected	O
Xufeng	B-ORG
Tourism	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
of	O
Haikou	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
is	O
entrusted	O
by	O
EVREC	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
of	O
Thailand	B-GPE
,	O
as	O
the	O
authorized	O
investment	O
operator	O
and	O
proprietor	O
of	O
the	O
western	O
expressway	O
.	O


The	O
project	O
will	O
start	O
work	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
initially	O
constructing	O
the	O
Haikou	B-GPE
-	O
Yangpu	B-GPE
section	O
and	O
the	O
Sanya	B-LOC
City	I-LOC
District	I-LOC
section	O
.	O


The	O
western	O
expressway	O
of	O
Hainan	B-GPE
starts	O
from	O
Haikou	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
north	O
and	O
ends	O
at	O
Sanya	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
south	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
full	O
length	O
of	O
377	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
and	O
a	O
total	O
estimated	O
investment	O
of	O
9.3	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
.	O


This	O
project	O
,	O
since	O
being	O
listed	O
as	O
a	O
key	O
business	O
attraction	O
project	O
by	O
Hainan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
hot	O
point	O
of	O
investors	O
'	O
focus	O
.	O


Nearly	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
traveling	O
businessmen	O
have	O
successively	O
consulted	O
and	O
negotiated	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
Invitation	I-ORG
Working	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
twenty	I-CARDINAL
visitors	O
have	O
handed	O
in	O
applications	O
for	O
investment	O
and	O
operation	O
to	O
the	O
Hainan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
Transportation	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Transport	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
.	O


Xufeng	B-ORG
Tourism	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
of	O
Haikou	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
foreign	O
-	O
capital	O
corporation	O
that	O
entered	O
Hainan	B-GPE
relatively	O
early	O
.	O


Its	O
co-operation	O
partner	O
,	O
EVREC	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	I-ORG
Ltd.	I-ORG
of	O
Thailand	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
a	O
sole	O
co-operation	O
company	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
EVBLIN	I-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Trust	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	O
Germany	B-GPE
in	O
Thailand	B-GPE
.	O


Xufeng	B-ORG
Tourism	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	O
Haikou	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
co-operators	O
have	O
promised	O
to	O
solely	O
invest	O
in	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
western	O
expressway	O
and	O
are	O
willing	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
investment	O
and	O
management	O
activities	O
according	O
to	O
the	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
Hainan	I-LAW
Special	I-LAW
Economic	I-LAW
Region	I-LAW
Infrastructure	I-LAW
Investment	I-LAW
Comprehensive	I-LAW
Compensation	I-LAW
Regulations	I-LAW
"	I-LAW
and	O
relevant	O
Chinese	B-NORP
laws	O
and	O
statutes	O
.	O


Within	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
50	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
RMB	I-MONEY
will	O
be	O
invested	O
to	O
complete	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
preliminary	O
design	O
,	O
construction	O
blueprints	O
and	O
preparatory	O
work	O
and	O
before	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
comprehensive	O
compensation	O
contract	O
will	O
be	O
signed	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Government	I-ORG
of	O
Hainan	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Chengbo	B-PERSON
Huai	I-PERSON


Today	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Jerusalem	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
quoted	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
Shawel	B-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Administrative	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
who	O
is	O
now	O
visiting	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
as	O
saying	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
has	O
decided	O
to	O
provide	O
250	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
aid	O
to	O
Palestinian	B-ORG
Autonomous	I-ORG
Authorities	I-ORG
before	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1994	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
decision	O
broke	O
the	O
impasse	O
between	O
donor	O
countries	O
and	O
Palestinian	B-ORG
Autonomous	I-ORG
Authorities	I-ORG
that	O
had	O
lasted	O
for	O
nearly	B-DATE
one	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


At	O
the	O
international	O
meeting	O
on	O
aiding	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
autonomy	O
which	O
was	O
held	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
on	O
October	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
donor	O
countries	O
pledged	O
to	O
provide	O
2.4	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
of	O
development	O
aid	O
within	B-DATE
5	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
of	O
which	O
750	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
would	O
be	O
appropriated	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
donor	O
countries	O
claimed	O
that	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
autonomous	O
region	O
lacks	O
necessary	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
handling	O
the	O
aid	O
and	O
accounting	O
items	O
and	O
therefore	O
refused	O
to	O
completely	O
fulfill	O
this	O
promise	O
.	O


Shawel	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
although	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
are	O
currently	O
not	O
completely	O
satisfied	O
with	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
accounting	O
work	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
still	O
agreed	O
to	O
pay	O
a	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
funds	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


Arafat	B-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Palestinian	I-ORG
Liberation	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
other	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
leaders	O
have	O
been	O
criticizing	O
the	O
donor	O
countries	O
for	O
not	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
keep	O
their	O
promise	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
the	O
money	O
aid	O
is	O
completely	O
in	O
place	O
and	O
on	O
time	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
predicted	O
that	O
Shashe	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
PLO	B-ORG
's	O
chief	O
negotiations	O
representative	O
,	O
and	O
Rosechird	B-PERSON
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
chief	O
negotiations	O
representative	O
,	O
will	O
go	O
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
to	O
specifically	O
negotiate	O
and	O
determine	O
the	O
aid	O
issues	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jingcai	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON


The	B-ORG
Weir	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
recently	O
signed	O
an	O
implementation	O
agreement	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
with	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Electric	B-ORG
Power	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
to	O
build	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
large	O
-	O
capacity	O
power	O
plant	O
with	O
liquefied	O
natural	O
gas	O
as	O
fuel	O
.	O


Aixing	B-PERSON
Dan	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Co-operation	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Power	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
,	O
on	O
this	O
matter	O
,	O
expressed	O
to	O
Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
reporters	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
if	O
this	O
power	O
plant	O
is	O
successful	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
similar	O
plants	O
to	O
be	O
built	O
along	O
coastal	O
regions	O
.	O


Coal	O
,	O
water	O
,	O
oil	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
are	O
normally	O
used	O
for	O
traditional	O
electricity	O
generation	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
using	O
liquefied	O
natural	O
gas	O
as	O
fuel	O
for	O
joint	O
circulatory	O
electricity	O
generation	O
has	O
advantages	O
of	O
higher	O
power	O
generation	O
efficiency	O
and	O
lower	O
total	O
cost	O
,	O
is	O
beneficial	O
to	O
the	O
environment	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
with	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
electricity	O
generation	O
method	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
engine	O
with	O
liquefied	O
natural	O
gas	O
as	O
fuel	O
can	O
produce	O
waste	O
gas	O
with	O
temperatures	O
being	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
500	B-QUANTITY
to	I-QUANTITY
600	I-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
centigrade	I-QUANTITY
.	O


This	O
gas	O
in	O
turn	O
can	O
heat	O
a	O
boiler	O
for	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
steam	O
to	O
turn	O
a	O
steam	O
turbine	O
which	O
generates	O
electricity	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
this	O
construction	O
method	O
,	O
the	O
electricity	O
generated	O
is	O
relatively	O
competitive	O
in	O
price	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
using	O
natural	O
gas	O
as	O
fuel	O
will	O
also	O
reduce	O
environmental	O
pollution	O
along	O
coastal	O
regions	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Weir	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
whose	O
headquarters	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
a	O
large	O
,	O
specialized	O
corporation	O
investing	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
electricity	O
generation	O
.	O


The	O
installed	O
capacity	O
of	O
electricity	O
it	O
has	O
invested	O
in	O
and	O
developed	O
globally	O
has	O
reached	O
15	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
kilowatts	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Through	O
the	O
contact	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Yizhong	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Weir	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Jiangsu	I-ORG
Electric	I-ORG
Power	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
reached	O
an	O
initial	O
agreement	O
on	O
a	O
plan	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
joint	O
circulatory	O
electricity	O
generation	O
plant	O
.	O


This	O
power	O
plant	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
situated	O
in	O
Rudong	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Jiangsu	I-GPE
,	O
has	O
an	O
annual	O
generation	O
capacity	O
of	O
2.4	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
kilowatts	I-QUANTITY
.	O


The	O
investment	O
amount	O
is	O
2.4	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
side	O
holds	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
shares	O
while	O
the	B-ORG
Weir	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
holds	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
agreement	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Weir	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
will	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
supply	O
of	O
natural	O
gas	O
from	O
the	O
international	O
market	O
for	O
use	O
by	O
the	O
power	O
plant	O
.	O


Renzu	B-PERSON
Luo	I-PERSON
,	O
managing	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Weir	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
is	O
optimistic	O
over	O
the	O
prospect	O
of	O
using	O
liquefied	O
natural	O
gas	O
as	O
fuel	O
for	O
electricity	O
generation	O
along	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
coastal	O
regions	O
.	O


He	O
holds	O
that	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
experience	O
of	O
Asian	B-NORP
energy	O
market	O
development	O
,	O
liquefied	O
natural	O
gas	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
main	O
material	O
of	O
clean	O
fuel	O
used	O
for	O
electricity	O
generation	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
gross	O
national	O
product	O
per	O
capita	O
reached	O
3000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
environmental	O
protection	O
awareness	O
generally	O
rose	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
began	O
to	O
obviously	O
increase	O
usage	O
of	O
electricity	O
generated	O
by	O
liquefied	O
natural	O
gas	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
gross	O
national	O
product	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
coastal	O
regions	O
begins	O
to	O
approach	O
this	O
benchmark	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
said	O
to	O
have	O
had	O
the	O
conditions	O
for	O
electricity	O
generation	O
using	O
natural	O
gas	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
financial	O
resources	O
.	O


John	B-PERSON
Weir	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Weir	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
who	O
visited	O
China	B-GPE
with	O
US	B-GPE
Minister	O
Brown	B-PERSON
and	O
signed	O
this	O
agreement	O
for	O
electricity	O
generation	O
plant	O
construction	O
in	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
,	O
held	O
that	O
now	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
time	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
project	O
of	O
joint	O
circulatory	O
electricity	O
generation	O
plant	O
with	O
natural	O
gas	O
as	O
fuel	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Both	O
parties	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
will	O
invest	O
more	O
time	O
,	O
money	O
and	O
resources	O
to	O
make	O
this	O
power	O
plant	O
project	O
a	O
successful	O
model	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jun	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON


The	O
1994	B-DATE
edition	O
of	O
the	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
white	I-WORK_OF_ART
book	I-WORK_OF_ART
on	I-WORK_OF_ART
economy	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
China	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
economic	I-WORK_OF_ART
situation	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
forecast	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
will	O
be	O
published	O
soon	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
.	O


The	B-WORK_OF_ART
white	I-WORK_OF_ART
book	I-WORK_OF_ART
on	I-WORK_OF_ART
economy	I-WORK_OF_ART
edited	O
by	O
Hong	B-PERSON
Ma	I-PERSON
,	O
honorary	O
director	O
,	O
and	O
Shangqing	B-PERSON
Sun	I-PERSON
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
,	O
won	O
the	O
title	O
of	O
"	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
best	O
economy	O
books	O
"	O
.	O


At	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
readers	O
of	O
renowned	O
institutions	O
and	O
scholar	O
-	O
level	O
expert	O
.	O


Its	O
main	O
authors	O
are	O
experts	O
and	O
research	O
staff	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Planning	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Structural	I-ORG
Reform	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Statistics	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Special	I-ORG
Administrative	I-ORG
Regions	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Social	B-ORG
Science	I-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
.	O


Their	O
accurate	O
description	O
and	O
prediction	O
of	O
the	O
development	O
track	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
'	I-DATE
editions	O
of	O
the	O
white	O
book	O
received	O
praise	O
from	O
academic	O
circles	O
and	O
industrial	O
circles	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Guoliang	B-PERSON
Bai	I-PERSON
and	O
Ruge	B-PERSON
Xia	I-PERSON


The	B-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
Sino	I-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
American	I-EVENT
high	I-EVENT
tech	I-EVENT
projects	I-EVENT
co-operation	I-EVENT
signing	I-EVENT
ceremony	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
was	O
held	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
today	B-DATE
.	O


Signed	O
here	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
were	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
projects	O
,	O
knowledge	O
information	O
network	O
communication	O
technology	O
and	O
DNA	O
bio-technology	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
a	O
co-operation	O
agreement	O
on	O
language	O
teaching	O
exchange	O
was	O
also	O
signed	O
.	O


The	O
Shanghai	B-ORG
Branch	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Technical	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
's	O
Pudong	B-ORG
Continuing	I-ORG
Education	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
respectively	O
signed	O
these	O
3	B-CARDINAL
projects	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Knowledge	I-ORG
Information	I-ORG
Network	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Learning	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Hisake	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
.	O


C.	B-PERSON
E.	I-PERSON
McNugg	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Knowledge	I-ORG
Information	I-ORG
Network	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
at	O
the	O
ceremony	O
that	O
the	O
signing	O
of	O
the	O
agreements	O
on	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
co-operation	O
in	O
high	O
tech	O
projects	O
is	O
of	O
great	O
significance	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
expected	O
an	O
information	O
superhighway	O
to	O
be	O
built	O
between	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
China	B-GPE
so	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
York	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
Securities	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
implement	O
trade	O
and	O
information	O
exchange	O
earlier	O
.	O


Judie	B-PERSON
Meilo	I-PERSON
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
World	B-ORG
Learning	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
,	O
hopes	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
joint	O
venture	O
education	O
organization	O
with	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
staff	O
,	O
the	O
3	B-CARDINAL
projects	O
signed	O
today	B-DATE
have	O
received	O
care	O
and	O
support	O
from	O
Brown	B-PERSON
,	O
minister	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
Commercial	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
who	O
is	O
at	O
present	O
visiting	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jianxin	B-PERSON
Gao	I-PERSON


In	O
order	O
to	O
strengthen	O
cultural	O
exchange	O
and	O
contact	O
between	O
the	O
descendents	O
of	O
the	O
Emperors	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
hold	O
the	B-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
China	I-EVENT
Art	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
and	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
simultaneously	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
8th	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
18th	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
December	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
grand	O
art	O
meeting	O
jointly	O
held	O
by	O
the	O
people	O
's	O
organizations	O
,	O
government	O
cultural	O
departments	O
and	O
enterprises	O
.	O


Its	O
aim	O
is	O
to	O
use	O
Chinese	B-NORP
national	O
traditional	O
culture	O
as	O
a	O
link	O
to	O
associate	O
and	O
unite	O
compatriots	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
,	O
to	O
spread	O
national	O
culture	O
,	O
to	O
display	O
the	O
charm	O
of	O
the	O
superior	O
art	O
of	O
the	O
motherland	O
and	O
display	O
the	O
achievements	O
and	O
elegant	O
demeanor	O
of	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
,	O
Chinese	B-NORP
artists	O
in	O
art	O
realms	O
and	O
international	O
cultural	O
exchange	O
.	O


The	O
art	O
festival	O
mainly	O
includes	O
a	O
grand	O
opening	O
ceremony	O
and	O
closing	O
ceremony	O
,	O
large	O
scale	O
theatrical	O
performances	O
with	O
various	O
characteristics	O
,	O
and	O
paintings	O
and	O
photographic	O
exhibitions	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
presentations	O
,	O
the	O
art	O
festival	O
to	O
open	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Shenzhen	I-FAC
Gymnasium	I-FAC
on	O
December	B-DATE
8th	I-DATE
will	O
focus	O
on	O
displaying	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
circulated	O
Chinese	B-NORP
artistic	O
extracts	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


Starting	O
from	O
December	B-DATE
9th	I-DATE
,	O
every	B-DATE
night	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
either	O
Shenzhen	B-FAC
's	I-FAC
Great	I-FAC
Theater	I-FAC
or	O
the	B-FAC
Shenzhen	I-FAC
Gymnasium	I-FAC
,	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
program	O
will	O
be	O
staged	O
,	O
and	O
programs	O
such	O
as	O
ballet	O
,	O
stand	O
-	O
up	O
comedy	O
,	O
highlights	O
from	O
Beijing	B-GPE
opera	O
and	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
artists	O
and	O
artistic	O
troupes	O
,	O
etc.	O
will	O
be	O
separately	O
performed	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
art	O
festival	O
,	O
a	O
competition	O
for	O
the	O
award	O
of	O
traditional	O
painting	O
and	O
copying	O
,	O
an	O
exhibition	O
of	O
works	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
international	O
"	O
light	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
"	O
exhibition	O
of	O
photographic	O
art	O
of	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
Chinese	B-NORP
will	O
be	O
held	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
art	O
festival	O
is	O
jointly	O
held	O
by	O
work	O
units	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Federation	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Returned	I-ORG
Overseas	I-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Culture	I-ORG
,	O
CCTV	B-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Cultural	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Shenzhen	I-ORG
City	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Overseas	I-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Cultural	I-ORG
Exchange	I-ORG
Promotion	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
,	O
etc	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE


Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
People	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
,	O
premier	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
sent	O
a	O
telegraph	O
of	O
condolences	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
on	O
the	O
passing	O
of	O
former	O
US	B-GPE
President	O
,	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Nixon	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
full	O
telegraphic	O
text	O
is	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O


Shocked	O
by	O
the	O
unfortunate	O
passing	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Nixon	I-PERSON
due	O
to	O
illness	O
,	O
we	O
hereby	O
express	O
heartfelt	O
condolences	O
.	O


Mr.	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
politician	O
possessing	O
strategic	O
foresight	O
and	O
political	O
courage	O
.	O


During	O
his	O
tenure	O
as	O
US	B-GPE
president	O
,	O
he	O
opened	O
up	O
the	O
door	O
of	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
relations	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
late	O
Chairman	O
Zedong	B-PERSON
Mao	I-PERSON
and	O
Premier	O
Enlai	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON
,	O
creating	O
a	O
new	O
phase	O
in	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
'	O
relations	O
.	O


After	O
resigning	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
continued	O
to	O
be	O
concerned	O
about	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
relations	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
made	O
important	O
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
maintenance	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
'	O
relations	O
.	O


We	O
deeply	O
believe	O
that	O
with	O
the	O
mutual	O
effort	O
of	O
both	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
American	I-NORP
relations	O
which	O
Mr.	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
was	O
very	O
concerned	O
with	O
during	O
his	O
lifetime	O
will	O
definitely	O
see	O
further	O
improvement	O
and	O
development	O
.	O


We	O
express	O
our	O
sincere	O
solicitude	O
for	O
the	O
family	O
members	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Manila	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Changyi	B-PERSON
Xiong	I-PERSON


Dr.	O
Xiaotong	B-PERSON
Fei	I-PERSON
,	O
famous	O
Chinese	B-NORP
sociologist	O
and	O
vice	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
,	O
was	O
awarded	O
the	O
1994	B-DATE
Magasaysay	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
Community	I-WORK_OF_ART
Leader	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
award	I-WORK_OF_ART
here	O
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
awarding	O
ceremony	O
was	O
solemnly	O
held	O
at	O
The	O
Philippines	B-FAC
Cultural	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
.	O


Filipino	B-NORP
President	O
Ramos	B-PERSON
chaired	O
the	O
awarding	O
ceremony	O
and	O
gave	O
out	O
the	O
medal	O
,	O
prize	O
money	O
and	O
certificate	O
to	O
the	O
six	B-CARDINAL
outstanding	O
people	O
awarded	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
Magasaysay	B-WORK_OF_ART
award	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


While	O
delivering	O
his	O
appreciation	O
speech	O
,	O
Xiaotong	B-PERSON
Fei	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
"	O
I	O
will	O
never	O
let	O
down	O
the	O
encouragement	O
given	O
to	O
me	O
by	O
this	O
friendly	O
neighboring	O
country	O
.	O


No	O
matter	O
how	O
many	O
years	O
I	O
still	O
have	O
allocated	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
certainly	O
conscientiously	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
every	O
second	O
to	O
diligently	O
do	O
good	O
things	O
to	O
benefit	O
Asian	B-NORP
people	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
knowledge	O
that	O
mankind	O
accumulated	O
to	O
spur	O
the	O
present	O
society	O
to	O
develop	O
into	O
a	O
better	O
society	O
.	O
"	O


The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Ramon	I-WORK_OF_ART
Magasaysay	I-WORK_OF_ART
award	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
which	O
was	O
named	O
after	O
the	O
former	O
Filipino	B-NORP
president	O
,	O
is	O
called	O
the	O
Asian	B-NORP
Nobel	O
prize	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
five	B-CARDINAL
prizes	O
in	O
this	O
award	O
which	O
are	O
separately	O
bestowed	O
each	O
year	O
on	O
individuals	O
and	O
organizations	O
making	O
outstanding	O
contributions	O
in	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
government	O
service	O
,	O
public	O
service	O
,	O
community	O
leadership	O
,	O
media	O
,	O
literature	O
and	O
creative	O
exchange	O
art	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
international	O
understanding	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Since	O
it	O
started	O
being	O
bestowed	O
in	O
1958	B-DATE
,	O
172	B-CARDINAL
individuals	O
and	O
14	B-CARDINAL
organizations	O
have	O
already	O
won	O
this	O
award	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Qinglu	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
and	O
Heyi	B-PERSON
Dou	I-PERSON


In	O
the	O
recently	O
convened	O
working	O
meeting	O
of	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
co-operation	O
with	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
Lichang	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
,	O
mayor	O
of	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
,	O
said	O
that	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
and	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
are	O
similar	O
in	O
industrial	O
structure	O
,	O
close	O
in	O
technology	O
,	O
and	O
mutually	O
have	O
very	O
strong	O
complements	O
.	O


The	O
future	O
of	O
bilateral	O
co-operation	O
is	O
very	O
wide	O
open	O
and	O
has	O
bright	O
prospects	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
statistics	O
,	O
up	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
July	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
had	O
approved	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
871	B-CARDINAL
Taiwanese	B-NORP
business	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
.	O


The	O
amount	O
of	O
agreed	O
investment	O
was	O
more	O
than	O
900	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
in	O
which	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
capital	O
accounted	O
for	O
73.8	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
investment	O
enterprises	O
and	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
agreed	O
investment	O
ranks	O
third	B-ORDINAL
and	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
respectively	O
among	O
foreign	O
business	O
invested	O
enterprises	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
.	O


A	O
number	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
investment	O
enterprises	O
with	O
a	O
relatively	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
investment	O
and	O
relatively	O
high	O
technology	O
have	O
settled	O
in	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
.	O


Among	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
investment	O
enterprises	O
that	O
are	O
operating	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
are	O
profitable	O
.	O


Lichang	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
days	O
to	O
come	O
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
will	O
continue	O
to	O
put	O
forth	O
effort	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
beneficial	O
and	O
profitable	O
investment	O
environment	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
businessmen	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
"	O
when	O
all	O
things	O
are	O
equal	O
,	O
better	O
takes	O
precedence	O
and	O
moderately	O
liberalize	O
"	O
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
will	O
adjust	O
relevant	O
policies	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
strengthen	O
attractiveness	O
to	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
businessmen	O
.	O


He	O
requested	O
that	O
relevant	O
departments	O
formulate	O
implementation	O
plans	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
what	O
was	O
revealed	O
in	O
the	O
meeting	O
,	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
investment	O
direction	O
is	O
concerned	O
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
encourages	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
investors	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
base	O
industries	O
,	O
funded	O
technology	O
concentrated	O
industries	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
technology	O
projects	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
technological	O
reform	O
of	O
large	O
and	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
enterprises	O
,	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
third	B-ORDINAL
industry	O
experimental	O
projects	O
.	O


Taiwanese	B-NORP
financial	O
capital	O
and	O
industrial	O
capital	O
institutions	O
are	O
welcome	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
to	O
build	O
up	O
financial	O
organizations	O
.	O


Lichang	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
better	O
investment	O
environment	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
businessmen	O
coming	O
to	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
to	O
invest	O
,	O
Tianjin	B-GPE
would	O
strengthen	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
"	I-FAC
Taiwanese	I-FAC
Compatriots	I-FAC
Investment	I-FAC
Service	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
of	I-FAC
Tianjin	I-FAC
"	I-FAC
,	O
do	O
a	O
better	O
job	O
in	O
project	O
examination	O
and	O
approval	O
and	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
invested	O
enterprises	O
,	O
diligently	O
run	O
the	B-FAC
Tianjin	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Taiwan	I-FAC
Trade	I-FAC
Co-operation	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
,	O
and	O
provide	O
economic	O
information	O
and	O
legal	O
consultation	O
for	O
Taiwanese	B-NORP
invested	O
enterprises	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE


The	O
State	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
vice	O
premier	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
People	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
China	I-GPE
sent	O
condolences	O
on	O
23rd	B-DATE
over	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
former	O
US	B-GPE
President	O
Richard	B-PERSON
Nixon	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
full	O
script	O
of	O
the	O
condolences	O
is	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O


Mr.	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
politician	O
who	O
possessed	O
foresight	O
and	O
judicious	O
judgment	O
.	O


Before	O
his	O
death	O
he	O
was	O
always	O
concerned	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
US	B-GPE
relations	O
,	O
successively	O
visited	O
China	B-GPE
seven	B-CARDINAL
times	O
,	O
made	O
important	O
contributions	O
towards	O
the	O
improvement	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
relations	O
,	O
winning	O
the	O
respect	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


Regarding	O
his	O
unfortunate	O
death	O
,	O
I	O
sincerely	O
express	O
my	O
deepest	O
condolences	O
,	O
and	O
send	O
my	O
sincere	O
consolations	O
to	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Mr.	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Canberra	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
and	O
the	O
Australian	B-NORP
government	O
signed	O
an	O
agreement	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
wherein	O
the	O
Australian	B-NORP
party	O
would	O
provide	O
China	B-GPE
with	O
a	O
preferential	O
financial	O
loan	O
of	O
150	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Australian	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
agreement	O
,	O
this	O
loan	O
will	O
be	O
mainly	O
used	O
in	O
infrastructure	O
projects	O
such	O
as	O
telecommunications	O
,	O
municipal	O
water	O
supplies	O
and	O
sewage	O
treatments	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Lasting	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
'94	B-DATE
Development	B-EVENT
Assistance	I-EVENT
Cooperation	I-EVENT
Annual	I-EVENT
Meeting	I-EVENT
between	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
and	O
the	O
Australian	B-NORP
government	O
concluded	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
Melbourne	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
delegation	O
with	O
Yongtu	B-PERSON
Long	I-PERSON
,	O
assistant	O
minister	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Economy	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
,	O
as	O
the	O
delegation	O
leader	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Australian	B-NORP
delegation	O
with	O
Flad	B-PERSON
,	O
director	O
general	O
of	O
Australian	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
Assistance	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
as	O
the	O
delegation	O
leader	O
,	O
chaired	O
the	O
meeting	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
talks	O
were	O
over	O
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
parties	O
signed	O
the	O
summary	O
of	O
the	O
talks	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
Australia	B-GPE
side	O
will	O
provide	O
China	B-GPE
with	O
a	O
technical	O
cooperation	O
grant	O
of	O
20	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
Australian	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
mainly	O
used	O
in	O
projects	O
such	O
as	O
personnel	O
training	O
,	O
supporting	O
the	O
poor	O
,	O
medical	O
treatment	O
,	O
sanitation	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE


This	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
at	O
the	B-FAC
Great	I-FAC
People	I-FAC
's	I-FAC
Hall	I-FAC
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
NPC	I-ORG
,	B-PERSON
Shi	I-PERSON
Qiao	I-PERSON
,	I-PERSON
met	O
with	O
a	O
Russian	B-NORP
parliamentary	O
group	O
led	O
by	O
vice	O
chairman	O
Wenkerlorphsky	B-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Duma	I-ORG
and	O
vice	O
chairman	O
Sharegernkerf	B-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Russian	I-ORG
Federation	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Reform	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
representative	O
group	O
came	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
30th	I-DATE
to	O
China	B-GPE
on	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Affair	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
,	O
aiming	O
at	O
understanding	O
the	O
situation	O
of	O
economic	O
reform	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
protective	O
role	O
of	O
economic	O
legislation	O
during	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
building	O
up	O
a	O
market	O
economy	O
structure	O
,	O
especially	O
successful	O
experience	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
special	O
economic	O
zone	O
construction	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Affair	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
,	B-PERSON
Shuqin	I-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
,	I-PERSON
met	O
with	O
and	O
invited	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
guests	O
to	O
a	O
banquet	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE


Premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
delivered	O
a	O
written	O
speech	O
to	O
welcome	O
the	B-EVENT
International	I-EVENT
Population	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
Development	I-EVENT
Congress	I-EVENT
.	O


He	O
thinks	O
that	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
's	O
guidelines	O
of	O
planning	O
,	O
strategizing	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
population	O
problem	O
and	O
socioeconomic	O
problems	O
as	O
one	O
is	O
correct	O
,	O
effective	O
in	O
its	O
implementation	O
,	O
and	O
successful	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
September	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
would	O
hold	O
the	B-EVENT
International	I-EVENT
Population	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
Development	I-EVENT
Congress	I-EVENT
in	O
Cairo	B-GPE
with	O
the	O
theme	O
of	O
"	O
population	O
,	O
continuous	O
economic	O
growth	O
and	O
continuous	O
development	O
"	O
.	O


This	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
has	O
increasingly	O
recognized	O
that	O
population	O
and	O
development	O
are	O
inseparable	O
,	O
and	O
prepare	O
to	O
adopt	O
actions	O
together	O
.	O


He	O
feels	O
that	O
this	O
Congress	B-EVENT
has	O
important	O
meaning	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
given	O
it	O
high	O
level	O
attention	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
sending	O
a	O
delegation	O
to	O
attend	O
the	O
Congress	B-EVENT
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
China	B-GPE
was	O
the	O
most	O
populous	O
developing	O
country	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
included	O
the	O
population	O
problem	O
into	O
the	O
overall	O
planning	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
economy	O
and	O
its	O
social	O
development	O
,	O
always	O
emphasizing	O
that	O
population	O
growth	O
and	O
economic	O
development	O
need	O
to	O
fit	O
together	O
,	O
and	O
be	O
coordinated	O
with	O
resource	O
utilization	O
and	O
environmental	O
protection	O
.	O


In	O
light	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
basic	O
national	O
condition	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
determined	O
planned	O
parenthood	O
and	O
environmental	O
protection	O
as	O
two	B-CARDINAL
basic	O
national	O
policies	O
,	O
implementing	O
a	O
population	O
policy	O
and	O
planned	O
parenthood	O
program	O
that	O
suits	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
actual	O
needs	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
also	O
formulated	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
important	O
policies	O
and	O
measures	O
to	O
realize	O
continuous	O
development	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
protection	O
of	O
women	O
's	O
legal	O
rights	O
and	O
benefits	O
,	O
the	O
promotion	O
of	O
equality	O
among	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
,	O
the	O
forceful	O
development	O
of	O
healthcare	O
for	O
women	O
and	O
children	O
,	O
the	O
zealous	O
elimination	O
of	O
poverty	O
,	O
and	O
protecting	O
the	O
environment	O
.	O


Presently	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
economy	O
is	O
continuously	O
growing	O
,	O
society	O
is	O
stable	O
and	O
united	O
,	O
people	O
's	O
livelihood	O
are	O
continuously	O
improving	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
population	O
birth	O
rate	O
and	O
the	O
natural	O
population	O
growth	O
rate	O
has	O
dropped	O
to	O
a	O
lower	O
level	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
the	O
population	O
problem	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
major	O
problems	O
currently	O
faced	O
by	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
.	O


Due	O
to	O
differences	O
in	O
country	O
's	O
situations	O
,	O
differences	O
in	O
economic	O
development	O
levels	O
,	O
cultural	O
backgrounds	O
,	O
historical	O
traditions	O
,	O
and	O
social	O
systems	O
,	O
each	O
country	O
should	O
formulate	O
suitable	O
,	O
effective	O
population	O
policies	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
actual	O
situation	O
of	O
the	O
native	O
country	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
sovereignty	O
of	O
each	O
country	O
and	O
it	O
should	O
receive	O
full	O
respect	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
China	B-GPE
was	O
in	O
a	O
critical	O
period	O
of	O
building	O
up	O
a	O
socialist	O
market	O
economy	O
system	O
and	O
increasing	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
its	O
modernization	O
build	O
-	O
up	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
huge	O
,	O
overwhelming	O
growth	O
in	O
population	O
was	O
still	O
restraining	O
the	O
social	O
and	O
economic	O
development	O
,	O
affecting	O
the	O
further	O
improvement	O
of	O
the	O
living	O
standard	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
also	O
brought	O
about	O
heavy	O
pressure	O
on	O
the	O
natural	O
resources	O
and	O
the	O
natural	O
environment	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
fairly	O
long	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
as	O
forcefully	O
developing	O
the	O
economy	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
continue	O
to	O
pay	O
close	O
attention	O
to	O
doing	O
well	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
family	O
planning	O
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
strongly	O
believes	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
resolution	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
population	O
problem	O
is	O
not	O
just	O
being	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
prosperity	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
race	O
and	O
the	O
happiness	O
of	O
future	O
generations	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
important	O
contribution	O
in	O
stabilizing	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
population	O
.	O


For	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
views	O
with	O
extreme	O
importance	O
and	O
actively	O
participates	O
in	O
international	O
population	O
activities	O
,	O
and	O
sincerely	O
hopes	O
that	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
will	O
adopt	O
a	O
stand	O
of	O
realistic	O
resolution	O
of	O
population	O
and	O
development	O
problems	O
,	O
seeking	O
similarities	O
while	O
accommodating	O
differences	O
,	O
co-operating	O
closely	O
to	O
strive	O
hard	O
together	O
towards	O
a	O
stable	O
world	O
population	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
beautiful	O
future	O
!	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE


State	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
Premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
while	O
meeting	O
all	O
the	O
representatives	O
attending	O
the	O
conference	O
on	O
the	O
"	O
experience	O
exchange	O
in	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
civil	O
service	O
system	O
"	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
pointed	O
out	O
today	B-DATE
from	O
the	B-FAC
Zhongnanhai	I-FAC
Purple	I-FAC
Light	I-FAC
Pavilion	I-FAC
that	O
implementing	O
the	O
civil	O
service	O
system	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
task	O
of	O
the	O
reform	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
political	O
structure	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
important	O
reform	O
of	O
the	O
cadre	O
personnel	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
an	O
objective	O
need	O
in	O
the	O
setting	O
up	O
of	O
a	O
socialist	O
market	O
economy	O
system	O
,	O
needing	O
leadership	O
and	O
measured	O
acceleration	O
in	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
implementation	O
.	O


This	O
time	O
's	O
conference	O
on	O
the	O
"	O
experience	O
exchange	O
in	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
civil	O
service	O
system	O
"	O
convened	O
yesterday	B-DATE
.	O


Directors	O
of	O
personnel	O
departments	O
of	O
every	O
province	O
,	O
autonomous	O
region	O
and	O
municipality	O
directly	O
under	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Government	I-ORG
,	O
principals	O
of	O
every	O
department	O
and	O
committee	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
personnel	O
department	O
of	O
directly	O
affiliated	O
institutions	O
,	O
totaling	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
120	I-CARDINAL
persons	O
,	O
attended	O
the	O
meeting	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
confirmed	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
national	O
civil	O
service	O
system	O
implementation	O
achieved	O
results	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
diligently	O
summarize	O
and	O
promote	O
these	O
good	O
experiences	O
,	O
establish	O
a	O
system	O
to	O
encourage	O
competition	O
and	O
diligence	O
and	O
honesty	O
in	O
managing	O
state	O
affairs	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
contingent	O
of	O
national	O
civil	O
servants	O
that	O
regard	O
the	O
serving	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
as	O
their	O
goal	O
,	O
that	O
maintain	O
close	O
links	O
with	O
the	O
masses	O
,	O
that	O
are	O
capable	O
and	O
highly	O
efficient	O
,	O
that	O
are	O
of	O
honest	O
and	O
devoted	O
to	O
their	O
duties	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
strengthen	O
the	O
vigor	O
and	O
vitality	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
agencies	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
civil	O
service	O
system	O
must	O
be	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
law	O
of	O
"	B-LAW
The	I-LAW
provisional	I-LAW
regulations	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
national	I-LAW
civil	I-LAW
service	I-LAW
"	I-LAW
and	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
at	O
random	O
.	O


This	O
work	O
should	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
event	O
in	O
the	O
political	O
system	O
reform	O
and	O
the	O
civil	O
service	O
system	O
should	O
be	O
implemented	O
by	O
combining	O
reform	O
and	O
the	O
streamlining	O
of	O
agencies	O
;	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
replacing	O
old	O
civil	O
servants	O
with	O
new	O
ones	O
should	O
be	O
formed	O
to	O
allow	O
young	O
people	O
to	O
continuously	O
enter	O
into	O
the	O
contingent	O
of	O
civil	O
servants	O
.	O


State	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
member	O
Guixian	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
and	O
Gan	B-PERSON
Luo	I-PERSON
attended	O
the	O
meeting	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-PERSON
News	I-PERSON
Agency	I-PERSON
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jierong	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON


Malaysian	B-NORP
vice-prime	O
minister	O
Anwar	B-PERSON
ended	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
,	O
and	O
left	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
for	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
.	O


Anwar	B-PERSON
arrived	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
from	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
yesterday	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
.	O


Last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
,	O
the	O
vice-mayor	O
of	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
Qizheng	B-PERSON
Zhao	I-PERSON
represented	O
mayor	O
Ju	B-PERSON
Huang	I-PERSON
by	O
meeting	O
and	O
inviting	O
Anwar	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
delegation	O
to	O
a	O
banquet	O
.	O


This	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
Anwar	B-PERSON
attended	O
the	O
foundation	O
laying	O
ceremony	O
of	O
the	O
Minhang	B-GPE
China	B-GPE
-	O
Malaysia	B-GPE
joint	O
-	O
venture	O
enterprise	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
that	O
toured	O
Pudong	B-GPE
's	O
Jingqiao	B-LOC
export	I-LOC
processing	I-LOC
district	I-LOC
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE


When	O
meeting	O
with	O
the	O
Governor	O
of	O
Macao	B-GPE
Viera	B-PERSON
here	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
Premier	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
the	O
policy	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
towards	O
Macao	B-GPE
is	O
consistent	O
,	O
firm	O
and	O
unchanging	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
would	O
,	O
in	O
accordance	O
to	O
the	O
policy	O
of	O
"	O
one	B-CARDINAL
country	O
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
systems	O
"	O
and	O
strictly	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
regulations	O
in	O
the	O
joint	O
declaration	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Portugal	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-LAW
Basic	I-LAW
Laws	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
Macao	I-LAW
,	O
maintain	O
the	O
stability	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
Macao	B-GPE
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
expressed	O
welcome	O
at	O
the	O
periodic	O
visit	O
of	O
Viera	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
friendly	O
co-operative	O
relationships	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
namely	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Portugal	B-GPE
in	O
various	O
arenas	O
have	O
been	O
developing	O
continuously	O
,	O
mutual	O
visits	O
by	O
top	O
level	O
leaders	O
of	O
both	O
countries	O
have	O
also	O
increased	O
.	O


President	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
,	O
Vice	O
President	O
Yiren	B-PERSON
Rong	I-PERSON
and	O
myself	O
have	O
all	O
visited	O
Portugal	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Shewar	B-PERSON
visited	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
April	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O
"	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
the	O
smooth	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
bilateral	O
relationship	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Portugal	B-GPE
established	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
co-operation	O
on	O
the	O
Macao	B-GPE
issue	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
pointed	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
Macao	B-GPE
issue	O
was	O
an	O
important	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Portugal	B-GPE
.	O


Maintaining	O
good	O
relationships	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Portugal	B-GPE
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
inland	O
and	O
Macao	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
beneficial	O
for	O
the	O
social	O
stability	O
and	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
since	O
the	O
joint	O
declaration	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Portugal	B-GPE
came	O
into	O
effect	O
,	O
both	O
sides	O
had	O
done	O
quite	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
thorough	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
joint	O
declaration	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
co-operation	O
has	O
been	O
effective	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
under	O
the	O
joint	O
effort	O
of	O
both	O
sides	O
,	O
many	O
issues	O
of	O
mutual	O
concern	O
to	O
both	O
sides	O
had	O
been	O
resolved	O
,	O
various	O
degrees	O
of	O
progress	O
have	O
been	O
achieved	O
in	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
major	O
issues	O
,	O
namely	O
languages	O
,	O
civil	O
servants	O
,	O
and	O
laws	O
in	O
the	O
transition	O
period	O
of	O
Macao	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
We	O
hope	O
that	O
the	O
Macao	B-GPE
government	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
give	O
their	O
attention	O
to	O
these	O
three	B-CARDINAL
problems	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
achieve	O
final	O
proper	O
resolution	O
.	O
"	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
,	O
"	O
Governor	O
Viera	B-PERSON
has	O
done	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
beneficial	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
smooth	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
Macao	B-GPE
issue	O
,	O
for	O
this	O
we	O
express	O
our	O
appreciation	O
.	O
"	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
also	O
emphasized	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
approach	O
of	O
1999	B-DATE
,	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
work	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
by	O
both	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
sides	O
on	O
the	O
Macao	B-GPE
issue	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
mission	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
.	O


Both	O
sides	O
should	O
resolve	O
the	O
outstanding	O
issues	O
in	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
friendly	O
consultations	O
.	O


He	O
hoped	O
that	O
the	O
Macao	B-GPE
government	O
would	O
further	O
strengthen	O
the	O
consultations	O
and	O
co-operation	O
with	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
side	O
on	O
the	O
major	O
issues	O
regarding	O
the	O
stable	O
transition	O
of	O
Macao	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
smooth	O
handing	O
over	O
of	O
political	O
power	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
beneficial	O
to	O
the	O
stability	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
Macao	B-GPE
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
:	O
"	O
We	O
believe	O
,	O
through	O
the	O
friendly	O
co-operation	O
and	O
joint	O
effort	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
sides	O
,	O
the	O
stable	O
transition	O
and	O
smooth	O
handing	O
over	O
of	O
the	O
political	O
power	O
would	O
definitely	O
be	O
realized	O
.	O


Viera	B-PERSON
happily	O
recalled	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
meetings	O
he	O
had	O
with	O
Premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
in	O
1991	B-DATE
and	O
1992	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
highly	O
assessed	O
the	O
important	O
contributions	O
made	O
by	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
and	O
Premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
himself	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
Portugal	B-GPE
and	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
Macao	B-GPE
issue	O
.	O


Viera	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
glad	O
to	O
see	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
had	O
achieved	O
great	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
economic	O
and	O
social	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
expressed	O
complete	O
understanding	O
that	O
the	O
modernization	O
build	O
-	O
up	O
needed	O
to	O
be	O
carried	O
out	O
under	O
stable	O
situations	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
the	O
stability	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
was	O
beneficial	O
to	O
world	O
peace	O
and	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
prosperity	O
and	O
stability	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
was	O
the	O
basic	O
guarantee	O
for	O
the	O
prosperity	O
and	O
stability	O
of	O
Macao	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
and	O
the	O
Portuguese	B-NORP
government	O
would	O
continue	O
to	O
put	O
forth	O
effort	O
towards	O
the	O
continuous	O
development	O
and	O
smooth	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
Macao	B-GPE
issue	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Bonn	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE


Germany	B-GPE
's	O
Foreign	O
Minister	O
,	O
Kinkerl	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
,	O
he	O
welcomed	O
the	O
NATO	B-ORG
ultimatum	O
to	O
the	O
Serbian	B-NORP
people	O
of	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
he	O
also	O
demanded	O
that	O
new	O
talks	O
be	O
held	O
to	O
end	O
the	O
civil	O
war	O
in	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
.	O


Kinkerl	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
NATO	B-ORG
's	O
decision	O
was	O
"	O
correct	O
and	O
necessary	O
"	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
as	O
an	O
auxiliary	O
method	O
of	O
military	O
measures	O
,	O
restarting	O
a	O
dialogue	O
is	O
also	O
necessary	O
.	O


He	O
requested	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
Union	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
and	O
Russia	B-GPE
to	O
put	O
forward	O
a	O
new	O
joint	O
proposal	O
to	O
force	O
both	O
warring	O
parties	O
of	O
the	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
to	O
return	O
to	O
the	O
negotiating	O
table	O
.	O


On	O
the	B-DATE
22nd	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
sixteen	B-CARDINAL
NATO	B-ORG
countries	O
asked	O
the	O
armed	O
forces	O
of	O
the	O
Serbian	B-NORP
people	O
of	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
to	O
withdraw	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
3	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
away	O
from	O
Gerlaridy	B-GPE
city	I-GPE
before	O
0:00	O
on	B-TIME
April	I-TIME
24th	I-TIME
-LRB-	I-TIME
Greenwich	I-TIME
Mean	I-TIME
Time	I-TIME
-RRB-	I-TIME
,	O
and	O
to	O
guarantee	O
that	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
humanitarian	O
aid	O
would	O
go	O
unblocked	O
and	O
unhindered	O
,	O
otherwise	O
NATO	B-ORG
would	O
begin	O
air	O
strikes	O
against	O
the	O
Serbian	B-NORP
army	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jie	B-PERSON
Sun	I-PERSON


China	B-GPE
's	O
chemical	O
industry	O
is	O
accelerating	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
opening	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
striding	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
Ministry	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Chemical	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
presentations	O
,	O
total	O
chemical	O
imports	O
and	O
exports	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
were	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
300	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
1978	B-DATE
,	O
reached	O
7.5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
already	O
30	B-CARDINAL
chemical	O
enterprises	O
who	O
exported	O
foreign	O
exchange	O
surpassing	O
10	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Complete	O
equipment	O
set	O
exports	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
chemical	O
industry	O
made	O
a	O
fractional	O
breakthrough	O
,	O
while	O
double	O
equipment	O
set	O
installations	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
annual	O
production	O
of	O
40,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
ion	O
film	O
caustic	O
soda	O
,	O
were	O
successively	O
exported	O
to	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
and	O
complete	O
equipment	O
sets	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
annual	O
production	O
of	O
200,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
of	O
sodium	O
carbonate	O
,	O
were	O
exported	O
to	O
Iran	B-GPE
.	O


Technology	O
exports	O
also	O
made	O
new	O
progress	O
.	O


Currently	O
,	O
technology	O
exports	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
can	O
provide	O
reach	O
52	B-CARDINAL
.	O


According	O
to	O
incomplete	O
statistics	O
,	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
3	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
exported	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
20	I-CARDINAL
technologies	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
anthraquinone	O
hydrogen	O
peroxide	O
solution	O
,	O
variable	O
voltage	O
absorption	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Up	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Ministry	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Chemical	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
signed	O
co-operation	O
agreements	O
with	O
15	B-CARDINAL
large	O
international	O
chemical	O
corporations	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
foreign	O
capital	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
chemical	O
industry	O
accumulatively	O
absorbed	O
reached	O
8.5	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
is	O
being	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
construction	O
and	O
technology	O
transformation	O
of	O
chemical	O
fertilizer	O
and	O
petroleum	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Futian	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON


Zijin	B-FAC
Mountain	I-FAC
Observatory	I-FAC
of	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
Of	I-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
announced	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
a	O
nation	O
-	O
wide	O
observation	O
network	O
for	O
the	O
collision	O
of	O
Shoemaker	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
Levy	I-LOC
9	I-LOC
Comet	I-LOC
with	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
had	O
been	O
built	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
a	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
astronomical	O
observation	O
plan	O
had	O
been	O
formulated	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
experts	O
,	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
,	O
which	O
orbits	O
the	O
Sun	B-LOC
like	O
the	O
Earth	B-LOC
,	O
is	O
the	O
largest	O
planet	O
in	O
the	O
solar	O
system	O
.	O


This	O
incident	O
of	O
observing	O
of	O
the	O
comet	O
colliding	O
with	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
possesses	O
extremely	O
important	O
significance	O
in	O
researching	O
and	O
forecasting	O
comets	O
colliding	O
with	O
Earth	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
astronomy	O
arena	O
also	O
places	O
great	O
importance	O
on	O
this	O
phenomenon	O
of	O
the	O
comet	O
colliding	O
with	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
and	O
will	O
closely	O
focus	O
attention	O
on	O
its	O
development	O
and	O
changes	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
under	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Natural	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
Foundation	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
seminar	O
on	O
the	O
plan	O
to	O
monitor	O
comet	O
Shoemaker	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
Levy	I-LOC
9	I-LOC
colliding	O
with	O
Jupiter	B-LOC
convened	O
in	O
Nanjing	B-GPE
and	O
more	O
than	O
forty	B-CARDINAL
astronomers	O
from	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
country	O
attended	O
.	O


Experts	O
think	O
that	O
this	O
rare	O
and	O
important	O
astronomical	O
phenomenon	O
requires	O
continuous	O
global	O
observation	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
located	O
at	O
an	O
important	O
longitudinal	O
position	O
between	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
so	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
observational	O
material	O
from	O
is	O
an	O
indispensable	O
and	O
irreplaceable	O
component	O
in	O
the	O
international	O
joint	O
observation	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
put	O
all	O
advanced	O
astronomical	O
equipment	O
to	O
use	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
observation	O
,	O
including	O
2.16	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
reflecting	O
telescopes	O
,	O
1.26	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
infrared	O
telescopes	O
and	O
radio	O
telescopes	O
.	O


25	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
telescopes	O
in	O
the	O
decimeter	B-QUANTITY
and	O
centimeter	B-QUANTITY
wave	O
bands	O
,	O
10	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
wave	O
band	O
telescopes	O
and	O
advanced	O
optical	O
telescope	O
terminal	O
equipment	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
.	O


Nanjing	B-FAC
Zijin	I-FAC
Mountain	I-FAC
Observatory	I-FAC
has	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
forty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
experience	O
in	O
the	O
observation	O
and	O
research	O
of	O
comets	O
and	O
asteroids	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
planet	O
research	O
office	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
scientific	O
research	O
organization	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
conducting	O
long	O
term	O
research	O
on	O
comets	O
and	O
asteroids	O
,	O
and	O
since	B-DATE
1988	I-DATE
also	O
started	O
researching	O
the	O
issues	O
of	O
the	O
solar	O
system	O
's	O
celestial	O
bodies	O
colliding	O
.	O


This	O
station	O
's	O
planet	O
experts	O
also	O
attended	O
many	O
international	O
scientific	O
seminars	O
on	O
the	O
dangers	O
of	O
comets	O
and	O
asteroids	O
colliding	O
with	O
Earth	B-LOC
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE


A	O
Foreign	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
spokesperson	O
said	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Red	B-ORG
Cross	I-ORG
,	O
Gedinage	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Red	I-ORG
Cross	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
International	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
and	O
his	O
delegation	O
of	O
four	B-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
visited	O
China	B-GPE
from	O
April	B-DATE
18th	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
spokesperson	O
said	O
that	O
,	O
both	O
sides	O
held	O
a	O
friendly	O
,	O
honest	O
and	O
down	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
earth	O
,	O
specialist	O
-	O
level	O
working	O
discussion	O
on	O
questions	O
of	O
further	O
developing	O
communication	O
and	O
cooperation	O
.	O


The	O
negotiations	O
carried	O
out	O
thorough	O
discussions	O
on	O
some	O
principle	O
and	O
detailed	O
issues	O
and	O
some	O
understanding	O
was	O
reached	O
.	O


Both	O
sides	O
unanimously	O
believed	O
that	O
the	O
talk	O
had	O
positive	O
results	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
strive	O
together	O
and	O
strengthen	O
cooperation	O
in	O
a	O
pragmatic	O
spirit	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Jianjun	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON


The	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
held	O
a	O
meeting	O
today	B-DATE
to	O
deploy	O
the	O
Huai	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
drainage	O
area	O
water	O
pollution	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
work	O
.	O


State	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
member	O
and	O
State	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
Environmental	I-ORG
Protection	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
member	O
,	O
Jian	B-PERSON
Song	I-PERSON
pointed	O
out	O
at	O
the	O
meeting	O
that	O
from	O
now	O
on	O
,	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
3	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
will	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
strive	O
to	O
preliminarily	O
make	O
the	B-LOC
Huai	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
clean	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
benefit	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
this	O
generation	O
and	O
descendants	O
of	O
future	O
generations	O
.	O


In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
Huai	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
water	O
pollution	O
has	O
been	O
serious	O
.	O


Especially	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
middle	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
July	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
large	O
-	O
area	O
water	O
pollution	O
accidents	O
again	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
and	O
lower	O
streams	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Huai	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
,	O
causing	O
people	O
in	O
some	O
areas	O
to	O
have	O
difficulty	O
in	O
drinking	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
and	O
directly	O
endangering	O
lives	O
and	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
lower	O
streams	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
prevent	O
serious	O
water	O
pollution	O
accidents	O
from	O
recurring	O
in	O
the	O
Huai	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
drainage	O
area	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
,	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
directions	O
from	O
State	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
leaders	O
,	O
issued	O
an	O
emergency	O
notice	O
yesterday	B-DATE
to	O
implement	O
deployment	O
.	O


At	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
meeting	O
,	O
Jian	B-PERSON
Song	I-PERSON
conveyed	O
directions	O
from	O
State	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
leaders	O
concerning	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
Huai	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
drainage	O
area	O
water	O
pollution	O
:	O
requesting	O
that	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
Huai	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
drainage	O
area	O
water	O
pollution	O
should	O
be	O
accelerated	O
,	O
and	O
should	O
achieve	O
a	O
breakthrough	O
by	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
preliminarily	O
making	O
the	B-LOC
Huai	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
clean	O
.	O


Starting	O
now	O
,	O
using	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
all	O
corporations	O
will	O
adhere	O
to	O
standardized	O
sluicing	O
.	O


Corporations	O
with	O
serious	O
pollution	O
and	O
no	O
hope	O
of	O
treatment	O
,	O
including	O
large	O
corporations	O
,	O
must	O
resolutely	O
be	O
closed	O
down	O
or	O
transferred	O
according	O
to	O
law	O
.	O


After	O
hearing	O
reports	O
by	O
responsible	O
people	O
from	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
,	O
Anhui	B-GPE
,	O
Shandong	B-GPE
and	O
Henan	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-ORG
Huai	I-ORG
River	I-ORG
Water	I-ORG
Works	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
concerning	O
the	O
Huai	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
region	O
water	O
pollution	O
situation	O
and	O
treatment	O
measures	O
;	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
Investigation	I-ORG
Team	I-ORG
concerning	O
investigating	O
water	O
pollution	O
accidents	O
in	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
,	O
Anhui	B-GPE
,	O
Shandong	B-GPE
and	O
Henan	B-GPE
provinces	O
,	O
Jian	B-PERSON
Song	I-PERSON
,	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
various	O
levels	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
's	O
governments	O
of	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
,	O
Anhui	B-GPE
,	O
Shandong	B-GPE
and	O
Henan	B-GPE
should	O
further	O
improve	O
the	O
anti-pollution	O
and	O
disaster	O
relieve	O
work	O
.	O


Foremost	O
,	O
the	O
population	O
's	O
water	O
supply	O
for	O
daily	O
life	O
must	O
be	O
protected	O
,	O
combined	O
measures	O
must	O
be	O
achieved	O
,	O
the	O
population	O
's	O
emotions	O
should	O
be	O
stabilized	O
,	O
and	O
social	O
stability	O
should	O
be	O
maintained	O
.	O


Decisive	O
measures	O
must	O
be	O
adopted	O
to	O
prevent	O
serious	O
water	O
pollution	O
accidents	O
from	O
happening	O
again	O
in	O
the	O
Huai	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
drainage	O
area	O
.	O


Jian	B-PERSON
Song	I-PERSON
reiterated	O
,	O
within	O
the	O
boundary	O
of	O
the	O
Huai	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
drainage	O
area	O
,	O
constructing	O
new	O
projects	O
that	O
have	O
serious	O
pollution	O
such	O
as	O
small	O
paper	O
manufacture	O
,	O
small	O
chemical	O
works	O
,	O
small	O
leather	O
,	O
etc.	O
is	O
prohibited	O
.	O


Corporations	O
that	O
drain	O
contamination	O
into	O
Huai	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
drainage	O
area	O
tributaries	O
must	O
implement	O
a	O
treatment	O
deadline	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1997	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
the	O
latest	O
,	O
stop	O
draining	O
contamination	O
into	O
tributaries	O
.	O


Jian	B-PERSON
Song	I-PERSON
demanded	O
completing	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
the	O
legal	O
system	O
in	O
the	O
Huai	B-LOC
River	I-LOC
drainage	O
area	O
,	O
and	O
strengthening	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
environmental	O
protection	O
law	O
enforcement	O
.	O


Responsible	O
parties	O
that	O
violate	O
relevant	O
environmental	O
protection	O
regulations	O
and	O
cause	O
severe	O
environmental	O
pollution	O
must	O
be	O
severely	O
punished	O
.	O


Especially	O
abominable	O
criminal	O
behavior	O
must	O
be	O
severely	O
cracked	O
down	O
according	O
to	O
law	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE


Jintao	B-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON
,	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
CCP	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
Politburo	I-ORG
,	O
Secretary	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Secretary	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Office	I-ORG
and	O
President	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
stressed	O
in	O
his	O
speech	O
delivered	O
at	O
the	O
autumn	O
opening	O
ceremony	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
today	B-DATE
,	O
that	O
leaders	O
of	O
all	O
levels	O
should	O
thoroughly	O
study	O
Xiaoping	B-PERSON
Deng	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
theory	O
of	O
building	O
socialism	O
with	O
Chinese	B-NORP
characteristics	O
more	O
consciously	O
,	O
diligently	O
master	O
new	O
knowledge	O
,	O
continuously	O
strengthen	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
spirit	O
,	O
comprehensively	O
improve	O
their	O
own	O
quality	O
and	O
level	O
of	O
leadership	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
better	O
fulfill	O
their	O
duties	O
.	O


This	O
autumn	O
there	O
are	O
now	O
825	B-CARDINAL
students	O
recently	O
entering	O
the	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
including	O
students	O
from	O
every	O
grade	O
from	O
the	O
Advanced	B-ORG
Studies	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
Training	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
and	O
Graduate	B-ORG
Student	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
.	O


Jintao	B-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
they	O
should	O
deal	O
with	O
studies	O
from	O
a	O
strategic	O
altitude	O
,	O
intensify	O
studies	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
sense	O
of	O
historical	O
mission	O
and	O
a	O
realistic	O
urgency	O
,	O
and	O
closely	O
connect	O
new	O
situations	O
,	O
new	O
tasks	O
and	O
new	O
practices	O
to	O
implement	O
studies	O
.	O


Jintao	B-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
now	O
there	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
things	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
learn	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
basic	O
is	O
to	O
study	O
Xiaoping	B-PERSON
Deng	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
theory	O
of	O
building	O
socialism	O
with	O
Chinese	B-NORP
characteristics	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
also	O
study	O
the	O
theory	O
of	O
the	O
socialist	O
market	O
economy	O
and	O
related	O
knowledge	O
,	O
and	O
study	O
modern	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
knowledge	O
.	O


Jintao	B-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON
asked	O
the	O
students	O
coming	O
to	O
study	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
to	O
endeavor	O
to	O
make	O
outstanding	O
progress	O
in	O
four	B-CARDINAL
areas	O
:	O


Firstly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
to	O
endeavor	O
to	O
master	O
the	O
theory	O
's	O
scientific	O
system	O
,	O
further	O
establish	O
a	O
Marxist	B-NORP
world	O
view	O
and	O
methodology	O
to	O
better	O
guide	O
new	O
practice	O
with	O
theory	O
.	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
to	O
further	O
comprehensively	O
understand	O
the	O
basic	O
Party	B-NORP
line	O
,	O
always	O
having	O
an	O
overall	O
perspective	O
on	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
Party	B-ORG
throughout	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
intensifying	O
the	O
consciousness	O
of	O
correct	O
understanding	O
and	O
coping	O
with	O
relations	O
among	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
factors	O
:	O
reform	O
,	O
development	O
and	O
stability	O
.	O


Thirdly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
careful	O
study	O
of	O
important	O
problems	O
of	O
strengthening	O
and	O
improving	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
under	O
the	O
new	O
conditions	O
,	O
bringing	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
core	O
leadership	O
into	O
full	O
play	O
,	O
further	O
improving	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
.	O


Fourthly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
to	O
integrate	O
with	O
reality	O
,	O
strengthen	O
the	O
Party	B-NORP
spirit	O
,	O
and	O
strictly	O
demand	O
from	O
yourself	O
according	O
to	O
Communist	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
member	O
standards	O
.	O


Jialiao	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
,	O
Standing	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
also	O
delivered	O
a	O
speech	O
at	O
the	O
school	O
's	O
opening	O
ceremony	O
.	O


Principals	O
of	O
concerned	O
departments	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
Feng	B-PERSON
Lu	I-PERSON
,	O
Zongbin	B-PERSON
Hou	I-PERSON
,	O
Keyang	B-PERSON
Zheng	I-PERSON
,	O
Taifeng	B-PERSON
Zhai	I-PERSON
,	O
Fujin	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
,	O
etc.	O
attended	O
the	O
school	O
's	O
opening	O
ceremony	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE


Qichen	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
,	O
vice	O
premier	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
concurrent	O
Minister	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
,	O
met	O
with	O
Haojing	B-PERSON
Song	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
North	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
government	O
's	O
special	O
envoy	O
and	O
vice	O
Minister	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
,	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Diaoyutai	I-FAC
State	I-FAC
Guesthouse	I-FAC
today	B-DATE
.	O


Haojing	B-PERSON
Song	I-PERSON
relayed	O
cordial	O
greetings	O
from	O
North	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
leaders	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
leaders	O
and	O
expressed	O
deep	O
appreciation	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
North	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
to	O
the	O
party	O
and	O
government	O
leaders	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
for	O
mourning	O
over	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
chairman	O
Richeng	B-PERSON
Kim	I-PERSON
.	O


Qichen	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
thanked	O
Haojing	B-PERSON
Song	I-PERSON
for	O
relaying	O
the	O
greetings	O
of	O
the	O
North	B-NORP
Korean	I-NORP
leaders	O
,	O
and	O
expressed	O
believing	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
would	O
closely	O
unite	O
around	O
the	O
central	O
party	O
of	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
Labor	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
headed	O
by	O
Zhengri	B-PERSON
Kim	I-PERSON
,	O
to	O
continue	O
fulfilling	O
the	O
last	O
wishes	O
of	O
chairman	O
Richeng	B-PERSON
Kim	I-PERSON
.	O


Qichen	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
talks	O
held	O
between	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
not	O
long	O
ago	O
had	O
achieved	O
results	O
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
side	O
hoped	O
that	O
talks	O
would	O
continue	O
to	O
progress	O
and	O
continually	O
achieve	O
progress	O
.	O


When	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
establishing	O
peace	O
guarantee	O
mechanisms	O
on	O
the	O
Korean	B-NORP
peninsula	O
,	O
Qichen	B-PERSON
Qian	I-PERSON
expressed	O
that	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
cordially	O
hoped	O
that	O
the	O
Korean	B-NORP
peninsula	O
could	O
maintain	O
stability	O
and	O
peace	O
.	O


Before	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
peace	O
mechanism	O
,	O
the	B-LAW
Korean	I-LAW
Armistice	I-LAW
Agreement	I-LAW
was	O
still	O
in	O
effect	O
.	O


Every	O
party	O
concerned	O
should	O
observe	O
it	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Biskech	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Shuchun	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON
and	O
Mengjun	B-PERSON
Ju	I-PERSON


This	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
,	O
premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
and	O
Zumegloph	B-PERSON
,	O
premier	O
of	O
the	O
Kirghizia	B-NORP
government	O
held	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
and	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
talk	O
concerning	O
developing	O
bilateral	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
relations	O
.	O


The	O
talk	O
was	O
held	O
in	O
a	O
practical	O
and	O
friendly	O
atmosphere	O
.	O


Zumegloph	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Kirghizia	B-GPE
had	O
a	O
traditional	O
friendly	O
relationship	O
and	O
this	O
relationship	O
was	O
increasingly	O
strengthened	O
and	O
continuously	O
developing	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
,	O
now	O
Kirghizia	B-GPE
was	O
at	O
the	O
phase	O
of	O
economic	O
reform	O
and	O
paid	O
much	O
attention	O
to	O
strengthening	O
economic	O
connections	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
using	O
the	O
experiences	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
for	O
reference	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
experiences	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
agricultural	O
reform	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
Xinjiang	B-GPE
and	O
some	O
other	O
regions	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
had	O
already	O
established	O
more	O
than	O
70	B-CARDINAL
joint	O
venture	O
enterprises	O
,	O
including	O
food	O
,	O
fur	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
in	O
Kirghizia	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
operation	O
condition	O
was	O
good	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
specialists	O
of	O
both	O
parties	O
were	O
demonstrating	O
on	O
cooperative	O
projects	O
of	O
paper	O
making	O
,	O
sanitation	O
,	O
medicine	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


Zumegloph	B-PERSON
also	O
made	O
a	O
presentation	O
to	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
about	O
Kirghizia	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
situation	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
economic	O
difficulties	O
Kirghizia	B-GPE
faced	O
with	O
during	O
the	O
reform	O
were	O
temporary	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
only	O
after	O
through	O
diligence	O
could	O
it	O
be	O
completely	O
overcome	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
more	I-DATE
,	O
economic	O
trade	O
and	O
cooperation	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
has	O
begun	O
smoothly	O
and	O
has	O
made	O
considerable	O
progress	O
.	O


Bilateral	O
trade	O
has	O
developed	O
very	O
rapidly	O
but	O
still	O
had	O
potential	O
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
Xinjiang	B-GPE
Uigur	I-GPE
Autonomous	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
,	O
would	O
endeavor	O
to	O
develop	O
cooperation	O
with	O
Kirghizia	B-GPE
in	O
various	O
fields	O
such	O
as	O
economy	O
and	O
trade	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


From	O
now	O
on	O
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
would	O
explore	O
and	O
utilize	O
the	O
advantageous	O
conditions	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
more	O
fully	O
,	O
act	O
according	O
to	O
rules	O
of	O
economy	O
,	O
guarantee	O
that	O
bilateral	O
benefits	O
,	O
continuously	O
enrich	O
the	O
shape	O
of	O
cooperation	O
and	O
improve	O
the	O
level	O
and	O
class	O
of	O
the	O
trade	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
both	O
parties	O
should	O
endeavor	O
to	O
create	O
conditions	O
,	O
including	O
solving	O
problems	O
of	O
traffic	O
and	O
transportation	O
that	O
hinder	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
cooperation	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
also	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
This	O
time	O
there	O
are	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
entrepreneurs	O
who	O
have	O
come	O
with	O
me	O
to	O
visit	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
sides	O
can	O
enhance	O
contact	O
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
encourages	O
and	O
supports	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
enterprise	O
circles	O
in	O
participating	O
in	O
Kirghizia	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
construction	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
equality	O
and	O
mutual	O
benefit	O
.	O
"	O


Premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
invited	O
premier	O
Zumegloph	B-PERSON
to	O
visit	O
China	B-GPE
at	O
his	O
convenience	O
.	O


Zumegloph	B-PERSON
expressed	O
his	O
thanks	O
for	O
this	O
and	O
accepted	O
the	O
invitation	O
happily	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Teheran	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Ming	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON


Hasang	B-PERSON
Hapipy	I-PERSON
,	O
Iran	B-GPE
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
vice	O
president	O
said	O
today	B-DATE
when	O
arriving	O
back	O
in	O
Teheran	B-GPE
that	O
he	O
expressed	O
satisfaction	O
over	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
visiting	O
China	B-GPE
after	O
ending	O
a	O
3	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
friendly	O
visit	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Hapipy	B-PERSON
said	O
to	O
reporters	O
at	O
the	O
airport	O
that	O
during	O
his	O
visit	O
he	O
exchanged	O
ideas	O
with	O
Chinese	B-NORP
leaders	O
concerning	O
bilateral	O
relationship	O
,	O
international	O
and	O
regional	O
problems	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
projects	O
of	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
of	O
Iran	B-GPE
and	O
China	B-GPE
were	O
being	O
implemented	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
would	O
jointly	O
invest	O
in	O
Central	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
areas	O
to	O
implement	O
economic	O
cooperation	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
,	O
Iran	B-GPE
and	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
country	O
would	O
also	O
jointly	O
invest	O
in	O
reconstructing	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
oil	O
refinery	O
equipment	O
to	O
expand	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
extracting	O
Iran	B-GPE
's	O
petroleum	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
Sep	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE


After	O
the	B-QUANTITY
Standing	I-QUANTITY
Committee	I-QUANTITY
of	O
the	O
ninth	B-ORDINAL
session	O
of	O
the	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
National	B-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
passed	O
a	O
decision	O
yesterday	B-DATE
regarding	O
reforms	O
of	O
the	O
legislature	O
and	O
regional	O
organizations	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
after	O
China	B-GPE
resumes	O
sovereignty	O
over	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
in	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
public	O
opinion	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
people	O
from	O
all	O
circles	O
successively	O
expressed	O
that	O
,	O
this	O
decision	O
embodied	O
sovereignty	O
and	O
public	O
opinion	O
,	O
was	O
of	O
great	O
significance	O
in	O
maintaining	O
the	O
smooth	O
transition	O
and	O
prosperity	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


An	O
editorial	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Everyday	I-ORG
Daily	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
today	B-DATE
indicated	O
that	O
,	O
this	O
decision	O
was	O
passed	O
unanimously	O
by	O
all	O
127	B-CARDINAL
committee	O
members	O
attending	O
the	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
,	O
signifying	O
that	O
everybody	O
has	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
common	O
understanding	O
in	O
rebuilding	O
the	O
political	O
framework	O
after	O
resuming	O
sovereignty	O
over	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
everybody	O
has	O
the	O
same	O
heart	O
.	O


An	O
editorial	O
issued	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Wenhui	I-ORG
Newspaper	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
today	B-DATE
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
solemn	O
legal	O
decision	O
made	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
NPC	I-ORG
declares	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
not	O
given	O
leeway	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
sovereignty	O
and	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
do	O
what	O
it	O
says	O
;	O
the	O
decision	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
stout	O
determination	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
government	O
in	O
maintaining	O
the	O
sovereignty	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
realizing	O
the	O
smooth	O
transition	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
shown	O
the	O
determination	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
properly	O
implement	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
smoothly	O
transitioning	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
and	O
maintaining	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
prosperity	O
and	O
stability	O
.	O


An	O
editorial	O
titled	O
"	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Standing	I-WORK_OF_ART
Committee	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
National	I-WORK_OF_ART
People	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Congress	I-WORK_OF_ART
has	I-WORK_OF_ART
made	I-WORK_OF_ART
an	I-WORK_OF_ART
important	I-WORK_OF_ART
decision	I-WORK_OF_ART
for	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hong	I-WORK_OF_ART
Kong	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Dagong	I-ORG
Newspaper	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
today	B-DATE
,	O
believed	O
that	O
the	O
decision	O
granted	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
a	O
legal	O
basis	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
legislative	O
assembly	O
and	O
regional	O
organizations	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Special	I-GPE
Administrative	I-GPE
Region	I-GPE
would	O
emerge	O
smoothly	O
,	O
most	O
patriotic	O
compatriots	O
who	O
love	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
would	O
receive	O
encouragement	O
from	O
this	O
decision	O
,	O
would	O
actively	O
participate	O
in	O
social	O
affairs	O
as	O
heroes	O
,	O
and	O
would	O
make	O
preparations	O
for	O
realizing	O
a	B-GPE
"	I-GPE
Hong	I-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
managed	O
by	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
"	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


The	O
editorial	O
also	O
pointed	O
out	O
to	O
those	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
attempting	O
to	O
create	O
"	O
accomplished	O
facts	O
"	O
before	B-DATE
1997	I-DATE
to	O
continue	O
the	O
political	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
,	O
that	O
the	O
decision	O
made	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
has	O
declared	O
the	O
absolute	O
destruction	O
of	O
their	O
misguided	O
dreams	O
.	O


An	O
editorial	O
titled	O
"	O
Terminating	B-WORK_OF_ART
British	I-WORK_OF_ART
structure	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
framework	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
embodying	I-WORK_OF_ART
sovereignty	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
public	I-WORK_OF_ART
opinion	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Hong	I-ORG
Kong	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
Newspaper	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
today	B-DATE
,	O
believed	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
decision	O
made	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
frustrated	O
the	O
attempt	O
of	O
British	B-NORP
Authorities	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
to	O
confuse	O
the	O
will	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
the	O
political	O
system	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
eliminated	O
unrealistic	O
illusions	O
some	O
people	O
possessed	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
the	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
transition	O
,	O
and	O
clarified	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
power	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
.	O


Most	O
patriotic	O
people	O
who	O
love	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
would	O
be	O
greatly	O
encouraged	O
by	O
this	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
believed	O
that	O
forces	O
advocating	O
and	O
maintaining	O
a	O
peaceful	O
transition	O
will	O
be	O
increased	O
greatly	O
,	O
and	O
destroying	O
a	O
peaceful	O
transition	O
will	O
lose	O
even	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
's	O
support	O
.	O


The	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
Standing	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Hong	I-ORG
Kong	I-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Reform	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
held	O
a	O
conference	O
last	B-TIME
night	I-TIME
.	O


All	O
the	O
members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
expressed	O
unanimous	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
decision	O
made	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Standing	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
People	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
believed	O
this	O
decision	O
would	O
be	O
helpful	O
to	O
the	O
steady	O
transition	O
of	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
correspondent	O
Xushun	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON


An	O
important	O
measure	O
was	O
implemented	O
today	B-DATE
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
where	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
crash	O
train	O
transnational	O
management	O
high	O
level	O
managerial	O
talent	O
,	O
namely	O
,	O
practical	O
management	O
advanced	O
training	O
and	O
discussion	O
classes	O
for	O
transnational	O
enterprises	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
opening	O
ceremony	O
was	O
officially	O
held	O
today	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Shanghai	I-FAC
International	I-FAC
Finance	I-FAC
Institute	I-FAC
.	O


Presidents	O
,	O
vice-presidents	O
,	O
etc.	O
from	O
more	O
than	O
80	B-CARDINAL
large	O
,	O
and	O
especially	O
large	O
enterprise	O
groups	O
or	O
from	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
companies	O
from	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
country	O
have	O
enrolled	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
this	O
course	O
.	O


The	O
advanced	O
training	O
and	O
discussion	O
classes	O
are	O
jointly	O
held	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Economy	I-ORG
Co-operation	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Conference	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Resource	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Cross-Culture	I-ORG
Academy	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Shanghai	I-ORG
International	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
.	O


The	O
aim	O
is	O
to	O
meet	O
needs	O
arising	O
from	O
the	O
transition	O
into	O
a	O
socialist	O
market	O
economy	O
and	O
to	O
meet	O
international	O
requirements	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
accelerate	O
internationalization	O
,	O
industrialization	O
and	O
collectivization	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
enterprises	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
train	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
multi-skilled	O
transnational	O
management	O
talent	O
for	O
Chinese	B-NORP
enterprises	O
according	O
to	O
international	O
standards	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Moscow	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Rong	B-PERSON
Xie	I-PERSON


Russia	B-GPE
's	O
last	O
group	O
of	O
personnel	O
that	O
should	O
withdraw	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Northwest	I-ORG
military	I-ORG
troop	I-ORG
stationed	O
in	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Baltic	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
completely	O
withdrew	O
from	O
Latvia	B-GPE
on	O
the	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
.	O


Until	B-DATE
now	I-DATE
,	O
Russia	B-GPE
has	O
completed	O
the	O
troop	O
withdrawal	O
work	O
from	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
of	O
Baltic	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
by	O
news	O
media	O
here	O
that	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
personnel	O
of	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
Northwest	B-ORG
troop	I-ORG
headquarters	O
turned	O
over	O
military	O
installations	O
to	O
the	O
local	O
government	O
,	O
submitted	O
a	O
report	O
to	O
Latvian	B-NORP
president	O
Ulmanis	B-PERSON
regarding	O
the	O
completion	O
of	O
troop	O
withdrawal	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
withdrew	O
from	O
Riga	B-GPE
to	O
Moscow	B-GPE
by	O
plane	O
.	O


Russian	B-NORP
troops	O
stationed	O
in	O
Lithuania	B-GPE
already	O
withdrew	O
back	O
home	O
before	B-DATE
August	I-DATE
31st	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1993	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
troops	O
stationed	O
in	O
Estonia	B-GPE
completed	O
troop	O
withdrawal	O
work	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
29th	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
this	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
agreements	O
reached	O
by	O
Russia	B-GPE
with	O
the	O
governments	O
of	O
Latvia	B-GPE
and	O
Estonia	B-GPE
,	O
currently	O
there	O
are	O
still	O
a	B-CARDINAL
few	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
Russian	B-NORP
military	O
experts	O
remaining	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
warning	O
radar	O
stations	O
of	O
the	O
Latvian	B-NORP
and	O
Russian	B-NORP
naval	O
education	O
centers	O
in	O
Estonia	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Russian	B-NORP
Northwest	B-ORG
troop	I-ORG
clusters	O
are	O
former	O
Soviet	B-NORP
troops	O
stationed	O
in	O
the	O
above	O
three	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
,	O
with	O
headquarters	O
set	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
Latvian	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
total	O
original	O
military	O
strength	O
was	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
116,000	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
within	O
which	O
most	O
,	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
50,000	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
were	O
stationed	O
in	O
Latvia	B-GPE
;	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
35,000	I-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
Lithuania	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
30,000	I-CARDINAL
people	O
in	O
Estonia	B-GPE
.	O


After	O
the	O
disintegration	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
Soviet	B-GPE
Union	I-GPE
,	O
these	O
troop	O
clusters	O
were	O
transferred	O
to	O
Russian	B-NORP
ownership	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
troops	O
that	O
withdrew	O
from	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Baltic	B-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
countries	O
will	O
be	O
stationed	O
respectively	O
in	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
state	O
of	O
Jalininggele	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Simolingsike	B-GPE
and	O
Yelinia	B-GPE
city	I-GPE
which	O
is	O
300	B-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
away	I-QUANTITY
from	O
Moscow	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Youhao	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON


Laiaoter	B-PERSON
,	O
minister	O
of	O
France	B-GPE
's	O
National	B-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
said	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
that	O
France	B-GPE
is	O
studying	O
plans	O
to	O
withdraw	O
troops	O
from	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
.	O


Laiaoter	B-PERSON
said	O
these	O
words	O
when	O
delivering	O
a	O
speech	O
to	O
TV	O
reporters	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
suggesting	O
lifting	O
the	O
weapons	O
embargo	O
to	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
means	O
that	O
"	O
international	O
aid	O
will	O
probably	O
end	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
great	O
public	O
conflicts	O
will	O
break	O
out	O
again	O
"	O
and	O
this	O
would	O
produce	O
"	O
serious	O
consequences	O
that	O
cause	O
heavy	O
losses	O
"	O
.	O


Laiaoter	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
"	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
safety	O
of	O
the	O
peacekeeping	O
force	O
of	O
UN	B-ORG
will	O
have	O
no	O
guarantee	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
accept	O
lifting	O
the	O
weapons	O
embargo	O
to	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
.	O
"	O


Chiewpy	B-PERSON
,	O
France	B-GPE
's	O
Minister	O
of	O
Foreign	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
,	O
also	O
expressed	O
clearly	O
last	O
week	O
that	O
,	O
"	O
the	O
prerequisites	O
for	O
"	O
lifting	O
the	O
embargo	O
"	O
are	O
that	O
France	B-GPE
withdraws	O
its	O
blue	O
helmet	O
troops	O
and	O
the	O
withdrawal	O
of	O
all	O
peacekeeping	O
forces	O
of	O
the	O
UN	B-ORG
"	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
conflict	O
in	O
the	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
broke	O
out	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
1992	I-DATE
,	O
France	B-GPE
has	O
always	O
stationed	O
about	O
4000	B-CARDINAL
officials	O
and	O
soldiers	O
in	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
Western	B-NORP
country	O
that	O
stationed	O
the	O
most	O
blue	O
helmet	O
troops	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
.	O


US	B-GPE
President	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
declared	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
10th	I-DATE
that	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
Serbian	B-NORP
people	O
of	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
still	O
did	O
not	O
accept	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
'	O
peace	O
program	O
by	O
October	B-DATE
15th	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
would	O
ask	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
to	O
pass	O
a	O
resolution	O
to	O
lift	O
the	O
weapons	O
embargo	O
to	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
.	O


If	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
failed	O
to	O
pass	O
such	O
a	O
resolution	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
seek	O
a	O
unilateral	O
lifting	O
of	O
the	O
weapons	O
embargo	O
to	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Herzegovina	I-GPE
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Guojun	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON


When	O
meeting	O
with	O
Chavalit	B-PERSON
Yoncayu	I-PERSON
,	O
vice-premier	O
and	O
concurrent	O
Minister	O
of	O
Domestic	B-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
of	O
Thailand	B-GPE
,	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Diaoyutai	I-FAC
State	I-FAC
Guesthouse	I-FAC
today	B-DATE
,	O
Huaqing	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
,	O
vice-chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Military	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
placed	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
importance	O
in	O
developing	O
friendship	O
with	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
people	O
and	O
Armed	B-ORG
Forces	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Thailand	I-ORG
,	O
especially	O
the	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
cooperation	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


Huaqing	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Thailand	B-GPE
have	O
traditional	O
friendship	O
and	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
was	O
also	O
very	O
friendly	O
too	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
this	O
visit	O
by	O
vice-premier	O
Chavalit	B-PERSON
and	O
mutual	O
visits	O
by	O
other	O
high	O
-	O
level	O
leaders	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Thailand	B-GPE
were	O
beneficial	O
in	O
promoting	O
further	O
development	O
of	O
relationships	O
and	O
the	O
efficient	O
cooperation	O
in	O
all	O
fields	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


Chavalit	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
extremely	O
happy	O
to	O
meet	O
vice-chairman	O
Liu	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
in	O
recent	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
has	O
accelerated	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
government	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Thailand	B-GPE
feel	O
extremely	O
happy	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
agreed	O
with	O
Huaqing	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
opinion	O
that	O
Thailand	B-GPE
and	O
China	B-GPE
should	O
further	O
develop	O
various	O
forms	O
of	O
economic	O
and	O
trade	O
cooperation	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE


Guofang	B-PERSON
Shen	I-PERSON
,	O
The	O
foreign	O
ministry	O
spokesperson	O
,	O
announced	O
at	O
a	O
news	O
conference	O
held	O
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
that	O
President	O
Gentzs	B-PERSON
Aerpade	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-GPE
Hungary	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
,	O
would	O
pay	O
a	O
State	O
visit	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
from	O
September	B-DATE
14th	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
17th	I-DATE
at	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
president	O
Zemin	B-PERSON
Jiang	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
also	O
announced	O
that	O
Casymier	B-PERSON
Auye	I-PERSON
Muba	I-PERSON
,	O
premier	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Gabon	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
,	O
would	O
pay	O
a	O
formal	O
,	O
friendly	O
visit	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
from	O
September	B-DATE
6th	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
11th	I-DATE
at	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
,	O
premier	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
.	O


At	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
,	O
premier	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
premier	O
and	O
first	B-ORDINAL
vice-president	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Tanzania	I-GPE
United	I-GPE
Republic	I-GPE
,	O
John	B-PERSON
Malsela	I-PERSON
will	O
pay	O
an	O
official	O
visit	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
from	O
September	B-DATE
9th	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
13th	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O


Israel	B-GPE
and	O
Jordan	B-GPE
decided	O
to	O
open	O
up	O
the	B-FAC
Great	I-FAC
Hussein	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
in	O
the	O
northern	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
common	O
border	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
becoming	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
border	O
port	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
.	O


An	O
Israeli	B-NORP
radio	O
station	O
reported	O
today	B-DATE
that	O
the	O
joint	O
delegation	O
from	O
Israel	B-GPE
and	O
Jordan	B-GPE
had	O
examined	O
this	O
bridge	O
situated	O
over	O
the	B-LOC
Jordan	I-LOC
River	I-LOC
in	O
the	B-LOC
Beisan	I-LOC
valley	I-LOC
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	B-LAW
"	I-LAW
Washington	I-LAW
Declaration	I-LAW
"	I-LAW
signed	O
by	O
King	O
Hussein	B-PERSON
of	O
Jordan	B-GPE
and	O
Premier	O
Rabin	B-PERSON
of	O
Israel	B-GPE
on	O
July	B-DATE
25th	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
parties	O
will	O
open	O
up	O
two	B-CARDINAL
border	O
ports	O
.	O


Alaba	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
border	O
port	O
situated	O
between	O
Ykeba	B-GPE
of	O
Jordan	B-GPE
and	O
Ailat	B-GPE
of	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
was	O
already	O
opened	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
8th	I-DATE
.	O


However	O
,	O
this	O
border	O
port	O
currently	O
only	O
allows	O
tourists	O
from	O
third	B-ORDINAL
countries	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Bishket	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Menjun	B-PERSON
Ju	I-PERSON
and	O
Xiaoguang	B-PERSON
Hu	I-PERSON


Principles	O
of	O
parties	O
concerned	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Kirghizia	B-GPE
signed	O
six	B-CARDINAL
documents	O
here	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
and	O
Kirghizian	B-NORP
President	O
Akayev	B-PERSON
attended	O
the	O
signing	O
ceremony	O
.	O


The	O
six	B-CARDINAL
documents	O
are	O
:	O
an	O
agreement	O
on	O
Chinese	B-NORP
providing	O
a	O
loan	O
to	O
the	O
Kirghizia	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
an	O
agreement	O
on	O
forming	O
a	O
combined	O
Economy	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
between	O
the	O
Sino	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Kirghizian	I-NORP
governments	O
,	O
an	O
note	O
exchange	O
on	O
the	O
presenting	O
of	O
materials	O
to	O
Kirghizia	B-GPE
by	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
cultural	O
cooperation	O
agreement	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Kirghizia	B-GPE
,	O
ratification	O
letters	O
on	O
exchanging	O
consular	O
treaties	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
,	O
an	O
agreement	O
on	O
cooperating	O
on	O
the	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
Trade	I-ORG
Promotion	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
Kirghizian	I-ORG
Chamber	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
.	O


After	O
the	O
signing	O
ceremony	O
,	O
Kirghizian	B-NORP
President	O
Akayev	B-PERSON
and	O
Premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
respectively	O
answered	O
questions	O
from	O
reporters	O
.	O


Akayev	B-PERSON
highly	O
commended	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
conference	O
with	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON


He	O
expressed	O
that	O
,	O
this	O
visit	O
by	O
Premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
would	O
promote	O
the	O
peace	O
,	O
security	O
and	O
stability	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Central	I-LOC
Asian	I-LOC
region	I-LOC
.	O


He	O
felt	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
recently	O
signed	O
documents	O
were	O
very	O
important	O
in	O
enforcing	O
good	O
neighborhood	O
relations	O
and	O
friendly	O
cooperation	O
between	O
both	O
countries	O
.	O


Premier	O
Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
,	O
this	O
visit	O
had	O
improved	O
mutual	O
friendship	O
and	O
understanding	O
and	O
set	O
a	O
good	O
foundation	O
for	O
further	O
cooperation	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Kirghizia	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
expressed	O
hopes	O
that	O
the	B-LOC
Central	I-LOC
Asian	I-LOC
region	I-LOC
would	O
be	O
stable	O
and	O
developed	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
standard	O
of	O
living	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
would	O
continuously	O
improve	O
.	O


Peng	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
hoped	O
that	O
the	O
Kirghizian	B-NORP
news	O
media	O
would	O
relay	O
greetings	O
from	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
to	O
the	O
Kirghizian	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
news	I-ORG
agency	I-ORG
August	B-DATE
31	I-DATE
,	O
Rome	B-GPE
,	O
reporters	O
Changrui	B-PERSON
Huang	I-PERSON
and	O
Zongxin	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON


The	O
7th	B-ORDINAL
World	B-EVENT
Swimming	I-EVENT
Championships	I-EVENT
opened	O
in	O
Rome	B-GPE
tonight	B-TIME
.	O


The	O
organizing	O
committee	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
these	O
championships	O
will	O
exceed	O
all	O
previous	O
ones	O
.	O


The	O
opening	O
ceremony	O
,	O
which	O
lasted	O
more	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
2	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
was	O
new	O
,	O
extraordinary	O
and	O
special	O
.	O


The	O
well	O
known	O
Italian	B-NORP
musician	O
Claudio	B-PERSON
Baglioni	I-PERSON
sang	O
the	O
impassioned	O
theme	O
song	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Water	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Water	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
which	O
he	O
had	O
composed	O
himself	O
.	O


The	O
performance	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
40	B-CARDINAL
members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Rome	I-ORG
Philharmonic	I-ORG
Orchestra	I-ORG
intoxicated	O
the	O
audience	O
and	O
the	O
musical	O
fountain	O
,	O
hi	O
-	O
fi	O
sound	O
effect	O
,	O
fountain	O
screen	O
and	O
stereographic	O
projection	O
brought	O
them	O
to	O
a	O
marvelous	O
world	O
where	O
sound	O
,	O
light	O
and	O
color	O
blended	O
even	O
more	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
details	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
organizing	O
committee	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
1,350	B-CARDINAL
athletes	O
from	O
102	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
areas	O
attended	O
the	O
competition	O
-LRB-	O
swimming	O
:	O
661	B-CARDINAL
,	O
diving	O
:	O
137	B-CARDINAL
,	O
water	O
polo	O
:	O
334	B-CARDINAL
,	O
water	O
ballet	O
:	O
218	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


1,320	B-CARDINAL
journalists	O
have	O
already	O
registered	O
-LRB-	O
writers	O
:	O
601	B-CARDINAL
,	O
press	O
photographers	O
:	O
171	B-CARDINAL
,	O
radio	O
and	O
television	O
reporters	O
:	O
400	B-CARDINAL
,	O
etc.	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


A	O
spokesman	O
for	O
the	O
organizing	O
committee	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
3,000	I-CARDINAL
people	O
will	O
be	O
striving	O
to	O
ensure	O
the	O
successful	O
operation	O
of	O
the	O
championships	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
championships	O
include	O
5	B-CARDINAL
categories	O
of	O
swimming	O
,	O
diving	O
,	O
water	O
ballet	O
,	O
water	O
polo	O
and	O
long	O
distance	O
swimming	O
.	O


The	O
competition	O
begins	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
and	O
will	O
end	O
on	O
September	B-DATE
11the	I-DATE
.	O


China	B-GPE
will	O
send	O
34	B-CARDINAL
competitors	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
3	B-CARDINAL
competition	O
categories	O
,	O
among	O
them	O
are	O
,	O
15	B-CARDINAL
swimming	O
competitors	O
,	O
10	B-CARDINAL
diving	O
competitors	O
,	O
and	O
9	B-CARDINAL
water	O
ballet	O
competitors	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
diving	O
competitors	O
have	O
already	O
arrived	O
in	O
Rome	B-GPE
and	O
started	O
pre-competition	O
preparations	O
.	O


Other	O
members	O
will	O
arrive	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
groups	O
before	O
September	B-DATE
2nd	I-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Bi	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
coach	O
patriarchs	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Women	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Football	I-ORG
Team	I-ORG
,	O
revealed	O
the	O
recent	O
"	O
3	B-CARDINAL
step	O
melody	O
"	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
women	O
's	O
football	O
team	O
to	O
journalists	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
in	O
the	B-FAC
Wuhu	I-FAC
arena	I-FAC
of	O
the	B-EVENT
National	I-EVENT
Women	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Football	I-EVENT
League	I-EVENT
Competition	I-EVENT
.	O


Bi	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Women	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Football	I-ORG
Team	I-ORG
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Asian	I-EVENT
Games	I-EVENT
would	O
be	O
to	O
"	O
strive	O
for	O
champion	O
but	O
confirm	O
second	B-ORDINAL
"	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
successive	O
retirements	O
amongst	O
older	O
team	O
members	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
leading	O
team	O
members	O
were	O
away	O
playing	O
football	O
abroad	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
national	O
team	O
needed	O
to	O
recruit	O
more	O
new	O
team	O
members	O
.	O


Because	O
new	O
team	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
recently	O
built	O
national	O
team	O
account	O
for	O
half	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
their	O
skill	O
levels	O
need	O
to	O
improve	O
,	O
the	O
tasks	O
facing	O
them	O
are	O
formidable	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
ongoing	O
step	O
is	O
to	O
select	O
team	O
members	O
.	O


Based	O
on	O
winter	O
training	O
and	O
this	O
league	O
match	O
,	O
the	O
national	O
team	O
will	O
determine	O
26	B-CARDINAL
team	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
group	O
to	O
attend	O
the	O
training	O
camp	O
.	O


The	O
name	O
list	O
will	O
be	O
declared	O
after	O
the	O
league	O
matches	O
finish	O
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
step	O
will	O
be	O
plateau	O
training	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
league	O
matches	O
,	O
team	O
members	O
will	O
head	O
straight	O
to	O
Kunming	B-GPE
for	O
a	O
month	O
of	O
training	O
.	O


The	O
lineup	O
and	O
playing	O
methods	O
will	O
be	O
determined	O
based	O
on	O
training	O
.	O


Some	O
new	O
team	O
members	O
'	O
individual	O
skills	O
are	O
good	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
training	O
is	O
to	O
improve	O
their	O
knowledge	O
of	O
tactical	O
cooperation	O
and	O
real	O
match	O
experience	O
.	O


The	O
national	O
team	O
will	O
invite	O
the	O
coach	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
track	O
and	O
field	O
team	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
personnel	O
to	O
specially	O
carry	O
out	O
the	O
women	O
team	O
members	O
'	O
physical	O
training	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
improve	O
team	O
members	O
'	O
cardiopulmonary	O
capability	O
and	O
physical	O
diathesis	O
.	O


The	O
third	B-ORDINAL
step	O
will	O
be	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
to	O
take	O
part	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
big	I-EVENT
four	I-EVENT
world	I-EVENT
match	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
.	O


By	O
competing	O
against	O
these	O
strong	O
world	O
teams	O
from	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Sweden	B-GPE
and	O
Norway	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
team	O
hopes	O
to	O
be	O
better	O
exercised	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
strengths	O
of	O
the	O
strong	O
teams	O
of	O
women	O
's	O
world	O
football	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
make	O
preparation	O
for	O
the	O
2nd	B-ORDINAL
Women	B-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Cup	I-EVENT
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
journalist	O
Qinghua	B-PERSON
Guo	I-PERSON


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
title	O
of	O
the	O
theme	O
song	O
for	O
the	O
Championships	B-EVENT
is	O
very	O
poetic	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Water	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Water	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


The	O
words	O
and	O
music	O
of	O
this	O
song	O
were	O
composed	O
by	O
the	O
famous	O
Italian	B-NORP
musician	O
Claudio	B-PERSON
Baglioni	I-PERSON
.	O


At	O
the	O
opening	O
ceremony	O
,	O
Baglioni	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
60	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
tenor	O
R.	B-PERSON
Sceto	I-PERSON
,	O
sang	O
the	O
theme	O
song	O
together	O
.	O


Many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Baglioni	B-PERSON
composed	O
a	O
song	O
named	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Little	I-WORK_OF_ART
love	I-WORK_OF_ART
is	I-WORK_OF_ART
as	I-WORK_OF_ART
deep	I-WORK_OF_ART
as	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
ocean	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
it	O
instantly	O
became	O
a	O
popular	O
hit	O
throughout	O
Italy	B-GPE
and	O
made	O
Baglioni	B-PERSON
widely	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
popular	O
song	O
composer	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
since	B-DATE
1992	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
has	O
disappeared	O
suddenly	O
from	O
the	O
public	O
eye	O
.	O


When	O
people	O
were	O
commenting	O
on	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
again	O
emerged	O
mysteriously	O
from	O
obscurity	O
and	O
gave	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Water	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Water	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	O
everyone	O
which	O
became	O
the	O
theme	O
song	O
of	O
this	B-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Swimming	I-EVENT
Championships	I-EVENT
.	O


Baglioni	B-PERSON
has	O
had	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
preference	O
for	O
water	O
since	O
birth	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
Water	O
is	O
a	O
topic	O
which	O
haunts	O
repeatedly	O
in	O
my	O
compositions	O
.	O


Water	O
is	O
a	O
product	O
of	O
nature	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
the	O
most	O
natural	O
characteristics	O
of	O
everything	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
an	O
approach	O
to	O
life	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
headspring	O
of	O
consciousness	O
,	O
emotion	O
and	O
music	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
also	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
Through	O
swimming	O
and	O
diving	O
sports	O
,	O
we	O
come	O
to	O
understand	O
water	O
and	O
feel	O
its	O
extensiveness	O
and	O
power	O
,	O
from	O
which	O
arises	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
combining	O
with	O
it	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Water	O
makes	O
people	O
no	O
longer	O
separated	O
far	O
away	O
.	O


In	O
singing	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Water	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Water	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
our	O
hearts	O
beat	O
together	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
mascot	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Swimming	I-EVENT
Championship	I-EVENT
is	O
a	O
little	O
turtle	O
named	O
"	O
Carota	O
"	O
.	O


The	O
figure	O
of	O
the	O
turtle	O
was	O
designed	O
by	O
the	O
famous	O
Italian	B-NORP
designer	O
W.	B-PERSON
Lonbado	I-PERSON
.	O


Its	O
name	O
came	O
from	O
an	O
innocent	O
and	O
lovely	O
little	O
Italian	B-NORP
girl	O
.	O


Although	O
a	O
small	O
turtle	O
is	O
clumsy	O
on	O
the	O
beach	O
,	O
once	O
in	O
the	O
sea	O
,	O
it	O
becomes	O
agile	O
and	O
free	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
solid	O
shell	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
little	O
turtle	O
"	O
is	O
embedded	O
a	O
map	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
composed	O
of	O
land	O
and	O
oceans	O
.	O


It	O
implies	O
that	O
good	O
swimming	O
athletes	O
coming	O
from	O
five	B-CARDINAL
continents	O
and	O
four	B-CARDINAL
oceans	O
assembled	O
together	O
in	O
Rome	B-GPE
to	O
strengthen	O
understanding	O
and	O
enhance	O
friendship	O
through	O
competition	O
.	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
news	I-ORG
agency	I-ORG
journalists	O
Zongxian	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON
and	O
Aiguo	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE


According	O
to	O
foreign	O
reports	O
,	O
the	B-EVENT
US	I-EVENT
Tennis	I-EVENT
Open	I-EVENT
entered	O
a	O
3rd	B-ORDINAL
day	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
31	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
defending	O
champion	O
Pete	B-PERSON
Sampras	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
troubled	O
by	O
a	O
sore	O
left	O
ankle	O
for	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
recovered	O
to	O
easily	O
beat	O
his	O
opponent	O
in	O
3	B-CARDINAL
sets	O
to	O
progress	O
to	O
the	O
men	O
's	O
second	B-ORDINAL
round	O
.	O


The	O
American	B-NORP
contestant	O
,	O
Sampras	B-PERSON
,	O
ranked	O
number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
in	O
world	O
tennis	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
,	O
had	O
not	O
appeared	O
on	O
the	O
court	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
middle	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
July	I-DATE
.	O


Since	O
recovering	O
from	O
this	O
injury	O
,	O
his	O
situation	O
has	O
been	O
very	O
good	O
.	O


Within	O
an	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
and	I-TIME
a	I-TIME
half	I-TIME
,	O
he	O
easily	O
eliminated	O
the	O
South	B-NORP
African	I-NORP
contestant	O
in	O
three	B-CARDINAL
6	B-CARDINAL
:	O
2	B-CARDINAL
sets	O
progressing	O
to	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
round	O
.	O


The	O
Ukrainian	B-NORP
A.	B-PERSON
Medvedev	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
seed	O
,	O
beat	O
his	O
opponent	O
6	B-CARDINAL
:	O
3	B-CARDINAL
,	O
6	B-CARDINAL
:	O
4	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
6	B-CARDINAL
:	O
0	B-CARDINAL
to	O
enter	O
into	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
round	O
.	O


He	O
celebrated	O
his	O
20th	B-ORDINAL
birthday	O
with	O
the	O
victory	O
.	O


In	O
women	O
's	O
competition	O
,	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
seed	O
,	O
Spain	B-GPE
's	O
Sanches	B-PERSON
was	O
challenged	O
by	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
player	O
N.	B-PERSON
Taugia	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
Sanches	B-PERSON
prevailed	O
6	B-CARDINAL
:	O
2	B-CARDINAL
,	O
7	B-CARDINAL
:	O
6	B-CARDINAL
to	O
enter	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
round	O
.	O


Contestants	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
number	O
5	B-CARDINAL
seed	O
,	O
Japanese	B-NORP
Yidagongzi	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
number	O
9	B-CARDINAL
seed	O
,	O
American	B-NORP
M.	B-PERSON
Fionandes	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
1990	B-DATE
champion	O
,	O
Argentine	B-NORP
Savadina	B-PERSON
,	O
etc.	O
all	O
made	O
it	O
through	O
to	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
round	O
successfully	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
latest	O
news	O
,	O
American	B-NORP
Depei	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
defeated	O
his	O
opponent	O
4	B-CARDINAL
:	O
6	B-CARDINAL
,	O
6	B-CARDINAL
:	O
2	B-CARDINAL
,	O
6	B-CARDINAL
:	O
3	B-CARDINAL
,	O
7	B-CARDINAL
:	O
6	B-CARDINAL
in	O
the	O
men	O
's	O
second	B-ORDINAL
round	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
round	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Youhao	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON


The	O
twelfth	B-ORDINAL
International	B-EVENT
Olympic	I-EVENT
Convention	I-EVENT
held	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
entered	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
day	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
commissioner	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Athlete	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
IOC	I-ORG
,	O
famous	O
former	O
Chinese	B-NORP
gymnast	O
,	O
Ning	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
,	O
gave	O
speeches	O
about	O
the	O
relation	O
between	O
physical	O
education	O
and	O
economy	O
at	O
the	O
convention	O
.	O


He	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
"	O
while	O
maintaining	O
the	O
tenet	O
of	O
non-commercialization	O
of	O
Olympic	O
sports	O
,	O
physical	O
education	O
and	O
the	O
economy	O
can	O
mutually	O
promote	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
"	O


Ning	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
,	O
"	O
Now	O
,	O
regions	O
paying	O
attention	O
to	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
games	O
and	O
important	O
matches	O
are	O
far	O
beyond	O
the	O
site	O
they	O
are	O
being	O
held	O
in	O
.	O


The	O
intervention	O
of	O
media	O
such	O
as	O
TV	O
,	O
etc.	O
makes	O
athletic	O
sports	O
an	O
event	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
pays	O
attention	O
to	O
simultaneously	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
allows	O
the	O
news	O
media	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
huge	O
income	O
needed	O
for	O
existence	O
and	O
development	O
.	O
"	O


Ning	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
felt	O
that	O
,	O
"	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
modern	O
physical	O
education	O
and	O
the	O
'	O
star	O
effect	O
'	O
of	O
athletes	O
also	O
promotes	O
the	O
prosperity	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
sports	O
items	O
industry	O
.	O


Sports	O
travel	O
and	O
sports	O
entertainment	O
industries	O
are	O
becoming	O
a	O
new	O
category	O
of	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
industry	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
"	O


Ning	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
said	O
,	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
sports	O
figures	O
recognize	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
direct	O
funding	O
and	O
indirect	O
support	O
to	O
physical	O
education	O
by	O
economy	O
.	O


"	O
Hence	O
,	O
to	O
admit	O
and	O
grasp	O
the	O
mutually	O
promoting	O
relationship	O
between	O
physical	O
education	O
and	O
the	O
economy	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
healthily	O
bring	O
support	O
and	O
promotion	O
effect	O
on	O
physical	O
education	O
by	O
the	O
economy	O
into	O
full	O
play	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
system	O
project	O
with	O
attractiveness	O
.	O
"	O


Today	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
discussion	O
topic	O
of	O
the	O
convention	O
is	O
"	O
Physical	O
education	O
and	O
society	O
"	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
the	O
relation	O
between	O
physical	O
education	O
and	O
the	O
economy	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
important	O
aspects	O
.	O


The	O
Minister	O
of	O
French	B-NORP
Youth	O
and	O
Physical	B-ORG
Education	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
German	B-NORP
and	O
Indian	B-NORP
commissioners	O
of	O
IOC	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
Secretary	O
General	O
of	O
the	O
FIFA	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
chief	O
editor	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
French	I-ORG
Team	I-ORG
newspaper	I-ORG
,	O
the	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Coca	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Cola	I-ORG
company	I-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
also	O
gave	O
speeches	O
at	O
the	O
meeting	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Jakarta	B-GPE
,	O
April	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Xinkao	B-PERSON
Zhao	I-PERSON
and	O
Ruiping	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON


The	O
Indonesian	B-NORP
international	O
master	O
Handoger	B-PERSON
defeated	O
his	O
compatriot	O
Adiandor	B-PERSON
in	O
the	O
tenth	B-ORDINAL
round	O
of	O
the	O
chess	O
grandmaster	O
invitational	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


With	O
score	O
of	O
6	B-CARDINAL
points	O
,	O
he	O
ranked	O
first	B-ORDINAL
among	O
participating	O
team	O
members	O
.	O


In	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
tournament	O
,	O
Chinese	B-NORP
international	O
master	O
Jun	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON
challenged	O
teammate	O
and	O
international	O
grandmaster	O
Rongguang	B-PERSON
Ye	I-PERSON
.	O


Jun	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON
began	O
offensively	O
by	O
pushing	O
forward	O
the	O
pawn	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
queen	O
;	O
Rongguang	B-PERSON
Ye	I-PERSON
laid	O
out	O
the	O
Slavic	B-NORP
defense	O
.	O


During	O
a	O
battle	O
of	O
more	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
5	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
Jun	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON
won	O
by	O
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
pawn	O
advantage	O
.	O


Chinese	B-NORP
Jiangchuan	B-PERSON
Ye	I-PERSON
tied	O
with	O
Czech	B-NORP
Ronqek	B-PERSON
;	O
Uzbek	B-NORP
Sabor	B-PERSON
also	O
tied	O
with	O
Indonesian	B-NORP
Setangon	B-PERSON
;	O
Kazakhstani	B-NORP
Takarqiv	B-PERSON
beat	O
Czech	B-NORP
Bulantnie	B-PERSON
;	O
and	O
Filipino	B-NORP
Anthonie	B-PERSON
beat	O
Indonesian	B-NORP
Dede	B-PERSON
.	O


Chinese	B-NORP
Jun	B-PERSON
Xie	I-PERSON
lost	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
news	I-ORG
agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE


According	O
to	O
foreign	O
news	O
agency	O
reports	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
1994	B-DATE
US	B-EVENT
Tennis	I-EVENT
Open	I-EVENT
,	O
after	O
dark	O
horses	O
repeatedly	O
won	O
on	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
day	O
of	O
competition	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
big	O
news	O
on	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
day	O
.	O


All	O
seed	O
players	O
passed	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
round	O
successfully	O
.	O


On	O
the	B-DATE
30th	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
matches	O
that	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
New	I-FAC
York	I-FAC
National	I-FAC
Tennis	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
basically	O
progressed	O
smoothly	O
.	O


Swedish	B-NORP
veteran	O
Edbery	B-PERSON
beat	O
his	O
compatriot	O
La	B-PERSON
Ronson	I-PERSON
with	O
7	B-CARDINAL
:	O
5	B-CARDINAL
,	O
6	B-CARDINAL
:	O
1	B-CARDINAL
,	O
6	B-CARDINAL
:	O
1	B-CARDINAL
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
round	O
and	O
entered	O
into	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
round	O
.	O


German	B-NORP
player	O
Graf	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
ranks	O
first	B-ORDINAL
among	O
women	O
players	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
now	B-DATE
,	O
has	O
a	O
good	O
situation	O
,	O
as	O
she	O
ousted	O
the	O
19	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
American	B-NORP
young	O
gun	O
Anne	B-PERSON
Marie	I-PERSON
with	O
6	B-CARDINAL
:	O
2	B-CARDINAL
,	O
6	B-CARDINAL
:	O
1	B-CARDINAL
and	O
also	O
barged	O
into	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
round	O
.	O


The	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
seed	O
,	O
German	B-NORP
player	O
Me	B-PERSON
Shnedy	I-PERSON
and	O
runner	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
the	O
previous	O
session	O
,	O
French	B-NORP
player	O
Sai	B-PERSON
Piolene	I-PERSON
also	O
entered	O
the	O
next	O
round	O
of	O
the	O
men	O
single	O
's	O
successfully	O
.	O


In	O
women	O
's	O
singles	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
5	B-CARDINAL
seed	O
Japanese	B-NORP
player	O
Yitakongtzi	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
number	O
6	B-CARDINAL
seed	O
American	B-NORP
Lynn	B-PERSON
Darboter	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
number	O
8	B-CARDINAL
seed	O
,	O
Argentine	B-PERSON
Savardini	I-PERSON
,	O
etc.	O
also	O
passed	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
round	O
successfully	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
day	O
of	O
competition	O
that	O
took	O
place	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
29th	I-DATE
,	O
several	O
seed	O
players	O
were	O
ousted	O
.	O


Among	O
them	O
,	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
seed	O
,	O
famous	O
Croatian	B-NORP
athlete	O
Yivonisvic	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
previous	O
champion	O
of	O
the	O
men	O
's	O
singles	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
US	I-EVENT
Open	I-EVENT
,	O
from	O
Germany	B-GPE
Beker	B-PERSON
both	O
failed	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
round	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
very	O
much	O
beyond	O
expectations	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
twelfth	B-ORDINAL
seed	O
of	O
women	O
's	O
singles	O
,	O
German	B-NORP
player	O
Harker	B-PERSON
was	O
also	O
ousted	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
round	O
.	O


The	O
sixteenth	B-ORDINAL
seed	O
of	O
men	O
's	O
singles	O
,	O
Czech	B-NORP
player	O
Kodak	B-PERSON
exited	O
before	O
the	O
match	O
because	O
of	O
injury	O
.	O


The	B-EVENT
US	I-EVENT
Tennis	I-EVENT
Open	I-EVENT
is	O
the	O
last	O
open	O
match	O
to	O
take	O
place	O
among	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
matches	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Tennis	I-EVENT
Grand	I-EVENT
Slam	I-EVENT
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
the	O
prize	O
amount	O
is	O
9.36	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Berlin	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
30th	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yong	B-PERSON
Guo	I-PERSON


The	B-EVENT
Berlin	I-EVENT
Track	I-EVENT
And	I-EVENT
Field	I-EVENT
Championship	I-EVENT
Competition	I-EVENT
was	O
held	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Berlin	I-FAC
Olympic	I-FAC
Stadium	I-FAC
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
local	O
time	O
.	O


The	O
famous	O
110	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
hurdle	O
competitor	O
from	O
the	O
UK	B-GPE
,	O
Jackson	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
the	O
famous	O
long	O
-	O
jump	O
competitor	O
from	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
Powell	B-PERSON
clinched	O
the	O
gold	O
medals	O
for	O
the	O
110	B-CARDINAL
hurdle	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
jump	O
,	O
thereby	O
maintaining	O
victory	O
in	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
station	O
championship	O
competition	O
named	O
"	B-EVENT
Four	I-EVENT
Gold	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
,	O
sharing	O
20	B-CARDINAL
gold	O
bars	O
worth	O
250,000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Jackson	B-PERSON
maintained	O
his	O
undefeated	O
record	O
in	O
this	O
competition	O
season	O
,	O
and	O
clinched	O
the	O
gold	O
medal	O
for	O
the	O
110	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
hurdle	O
with	O
13.02	B-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
.	O


Powell	B-PERSON
clinched	O
the	O
gold	O
medal	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
jump	O
with	O
an	O
achievement	O
of	O
8.20	B-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Powell	B-PERSON
's	O
old	O
rival	O
Lewis	B-PERSON
withdrew	O
from	O
the	O
long	O
jump	O
competition	O
at	O
the	B-TIME
last	I-TIME
minute	I-TIME
.	O


In	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
three	B-CARDINAL
stops	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
Four	I-EVENT
Gold	I-EVENT
'	I-EVENT
championship	I-EVENT
competition	I-EVENT
held	O
earlier	O
in	O
Oslo	B-GPE
,	O
Zurich	B-GPE
and	O
Brussels	B-GPE
,	O
Jackson	B-PERSON
and	O
Powell	B-PERSON
clinched	O
the	O
championships	O
in	O
their	O
respective	O
events	O
.	O


The	O
UK	B-GPE
's	O
100	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
favorite	O
,	O
Christy	B-PERSON
,	O
suffered	O
2	B-CARDINAL
setbacks	O
within	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
only	O
achieved	O
third	B-ORDINAL
position	O
in	O
the	O
100	B-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
competition	O
in	O
Berlin	B-GPE
with	O
an	O
achievement	O
of	O
10.02	B-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
.	O


US	B-GPE
competitors	O
,	O
Michele	B-PERSON
and	O
Dumont	B-PERSON
clinched	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
and	O
second	B-ORDINAL
position	O
in	O
10	B-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
flat	I-TIME
and	O
10.01	B-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
respectively	O
.	O


Another	O
competitor	O
from	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
famous	O
men	O
's	O
400	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
competitor	O
Johnson	B-PERSON
,	O
with	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
44.04	B-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
,	O
ran	O
the	O
best	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
this	O
event	O
in	O
this	O
season	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
men	O
's	O
events	O
,	O
Burundi	B-GPE
's	O
competitor	O
Winster	B-PERSON
Neonjab	I-PERSON
won	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
for	O
the	O
1500	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
event	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
achievement	O
of	O
3	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
31.18	I-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
.	O


In	O
the	O
5000	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
competition	O
,	O
Germany	B-GPE
's	O
competitor	O
Deater	B-PERSON
Bomen	I-PERSON
won	O
the	O
championship	O
with	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
13	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
12.47	I-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
.	O


Zambia	B-GPE
's	O
Samel	B-PERSON
Matitle	I-PERSON
won	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
in	O
the	O
400	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
hurdle	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
achievement	O
of	O
48.22	B-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
.	O


Cuba	B-GPE
's	O
competitor	O
,	O
Sothomayuel	B-PERSON
and	O
Bahamas	B-GPE
'	O
competitor	O
Troy	B-PERSON
Campuk	I-PERSON
were	O
both	O
ranked	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
in	O
the	O
high	O
jump	O
,	O
with	O
achievements	O
of	O
both	O
2.30	B-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
.	O


In	O
the	O
hammer	O
throw	O
competition	O
that	O
was	O
held	O
previously	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
28th	I-DATE
,	O
Tajikistan	B-NORP
's	O
competitor	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
Abudwaliev	I-PERSON
won	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
with	O
an	O
achievement	O
of	O
81.04	B-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
.	O


In	O
the	O
women	O
's	O
event	O
,	O
Canada	B-GPE
's	O
competitor	O
,	O
Angela	B-PERSON
Chamos	I-PERSON
won	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
for	O
the	O
1500	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
event	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
achievement	O
of	O
4	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
4.39	I-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
British	B-NORP
competitor	O
Alison	B-PERSON
Wales	I-PERSON
won	O
the	O
5000	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
championship	O
with	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
15	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
10.38	I-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
Russian	B-NORP
competitor	O
Ulier	B-PERSON
Kelaudin	I-PERSON
won	O
the	O
100	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
hurdle	O
gold	O
medal	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
achievement	O
of	O
12.62	B-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
famous	O
German	B-NORP
competitor	O
Delay	B-PERSON
Chrysler	I-PERSON
won	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
jump	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
achievement	O
of	O
6.91	B-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
.	O


The	O
Australian	B-NORP
competitor	O
Daniella	B-PERSON
Kerstian	I-PERSON
won	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
in	O
the	O
discus	O
throw	O
event	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
achievement	O
of	O
66.06	B-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
.	O


In	O
the	O
non-championship	O
events	O
,	O
the	O
Ukrainian	B-NORP
competitor	O
Bopoka	B-PERSON
,	O
attempted	O
to	O
break	O
the	O
men	O
's	O
high	O
jump	O
world	O
record	O
of	O
6.15	B-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
3	B-CARDINAL
times	O
but	O
failed	O
,	O
and	O
won	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
with	O
6.05	B-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
.	O


The	O
Russian	B-NORP
competitor	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
Moloyev	I-PERSON
won	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
in	O
the	O
men	O
's	O
javelin	O
throw	O
event	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
85.18	B-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
.	O


The	O
Kenyan	B-NORP
competitor	O
Wilson	B-PERSON
Kipuket	I-PERSON
won	O
the	O
championship	O
in	O
the	O
men	O
's	O
800	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
,	O
with	O
an	O
achievement	O
of	O
1	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME
43.95	I-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
Kenyan	B-NORP
competitor	O
Mose	B-PERSON
Jiptanoy	I-PERSON
won	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
in	O
the	O
men	O
's	O
300	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
obstacle	O
event	O
with	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
8	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
9.16	I-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
men	O
's	O
110	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
hurdle	O
and	O
long	O
jump	O
that	O
Jackson	O
and	O
Powell	O
participated	O
in	O
this	O
time	O
around	O
were	O
also	O
listed	O
as	O
non-championship	O
events	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Shijiazhuang	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Ruyue	B-PERSON
Jing	I-PERSON


The	B-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
Pentium	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
Cup	I-EVENT
National	I-EVENT
Track	I-EVENT
And	I-EVENT
Field	I-EVENT
Championship	I-EVENT
Competition	I-EVENT
drew	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Tangshan	I-FAC
Sports	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
of	O
Hebei	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


The	O
hosting	O
Hebei	B-NORP
team	O
won	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
9	B-CARDINAL
gold	O
medals	O
and	O
ranked	O
first	B-ORDINAL
in	O
terms	O
of	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
gold	O
medals	O
.	O


The	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
team	O
won	O
6	B-CARDINAL
gold	O
medals	O
,	O
ranking	O
second	B-ORDINAL
.	O


The	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
Sichuan	B-GPE
teams	O
each	O
won	O
5	B-CARDINAL
gold	O
medals	O
and	O
ranked	O
third	B-ORDINAL
.	O


This	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
the	O
last	O
11	B-CARDINAL
championship	O
events	O
were	O
held	O
.	O


Separately	O
receiving	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
:	O
Yahao	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
men	O
's	O
110	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
hurdles	O
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Zhili	B-PERSON
Ning	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
men	O
's	O
1500	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Po	B-PERSON
Hong	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
men	O
's	O
5000	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
,	O
Henan	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Hongyong	B-PERSON
Bi	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
men	O
's	O
high	O
jump	O
,	O
Shandong	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Junlian	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
men	O
's	O
shooting	O
,	O
Fujian	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Chaoxia	B-PERSON
Dong	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
women	O
's	O
10000	B-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Xinmei	B-PERSON
Sui	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
women	O
's	O
shot	O
-	O
put	O
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
gold	O
medal	O
of	O
4	B-CARDINAL
relay	O
events	O
were	O
separately	O
won	O
by	O
national	O
men	O
's	O
and	O
women	O
's	O
teams	O
,	O
the	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
's	O
men	O
'	O
s	O
team	O
and	O
the	O
Hebei	B-GPE
women	O
's	O
team	O
.	O


This	O
track	O
and	O
field	O
championship	O
competition	O
began	O
on	O
the	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
August	I-TIME
27th	I-TIME
.	O


More	O
than	O
500	B-CARDINAL
male	O
and	O
female	O
athletes	O
from	O
35	B-CARDINAL
provinces	O
,	O
cities	O
,	O
autonomous	O
regions	O
,	O
the	O
PLA	B-ORG
and	O
industry	O
sports	O
associations	O
participated	O
in	O
the	O
competition	O
,	O
fighting	O
for	O
42	B-CARDINAL
gold	O
medals	O
.	O


Due	O
to	O
preparation	O
for	O
the	B-EVENT
Asian	I-EVENT
Games	I-EVENT
in	O
Hiroshima	B-GPE
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
good	O
national	O
track	O
and	O
field	O
competitors	O
did	O
not	O
sign	O
up	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
competition	O
this	O
time	O
round	O
,	O
only	O
21	B-CARDINAL
members	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
team	O
appeared	O
in	O
events	O
such	O
as	O
sprinting	O
,	O
relays	O
,	O
the	O
high	O
jump	O
,	O
the	O
long	O
jump	O
,	O
shot	O
-	O
put	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
the	O
medium	O
to	O
long	O
run	O
women	O
's	O
team	O
from	O
Liaoning	B-GPE
province	I-GPE
did	O
not	O
come	O
either	O
.	O


Coupled	O
with	O
the	O
big	O
re-adjustment	O
of	O
many	O
teams	O
after	O
the	O
national	O
sports	O
meet	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
good	O
team	O
members	O
have	O
retired	O
,	O
and	O
newcomers	O
just	O
took	O
over	O
,	O
therefore	O
the	O
overall	O
standard	O
of	O
this	O
competition	O
was	O
not	O
high	O
and	O
no	O
excellent	O
results	O
appeared	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
what	O
is	O
satisfying	O
is	O
that	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
juveniles	O
that	O
are	O
sixteen	B-DATE
,	O
seventeen	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
age	I-DATE
emerged	O
.	O


The	O
youngest	O
aged	O
was	O
only	O
14	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
.	O


Among	O
them	O
are	O
some	O
stars	O
of	O
hope	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
17	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Jie	B-PERSON
Feng	I-PERSON
from	O
Hebei	B-GPE
team	O
achieved	O
a	O
good	O
result	O
of	O
6.58	B-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
in	O
the	O
women	O
's	O
long	O
jump	O
final	O
,	O
and	O
won	O
the	O
silver	O
medal	O
in	O
this	O
event	O
,	O
breaking	O
the	O
national	O
youth	O
record	O
.	O


Experts	O
believe	O
that	O
Jie	B-PERSON
Feng	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
conditions	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
body	O
form	O
,	O
springing	O
,	O
jumping	O
,	O
etc.	O
are	O
rather	O
good	O
,	O
and	O
development	O
potential	O
is	O
very	O
great	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Hepu	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON


The	O
organizing	O
committee	O
for	O
the	O
Sixth	B-ORDINAL
Far	B-EVENT
East	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
South	I-EVENT
Pacific	I-EVENT
Region	I-EVENT
Handicapped	I-EVENT
Sports	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
held	O
a	O
news	O
conference	O
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
at	O
the	B-FAC
International	I-FAC
Conference	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
here	O
.	O


News	O
spokesman	O
,	O
Zhongyuan	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON
announced	O
to	O
domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
reporters	O
that	O
various	O
preparation	O
work	O
for	O
the	B-EVENT
Sports	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
is	O
ready	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
this	B-EVENT
Sports	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
with	O
unprecedented	O
scale	O
,	O
a	O
grand	O
event	O
in	O
the	O
sport	O
arena	O
that	O
fully	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
mission	O
of	O
"	O
equality	O
,	O
participation	O
,	O
friendship	O
and	O
progress	O
"	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
statistics	O
,	O
2076	B-CARDINAL
people	O
from	O
42	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
have	O
formally	O
registered	O
for	O
this	B-EVENT
Sports	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
,	O
among	O
them	O
1423	B-CARDINAL
are	O
athletes	O
;	O
1360	B-CARDINAL
news	O
reporters	O
have	O
registered	O
to	O
cover	O
the	B-EVENT
Sports	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
,	O
among	O
which	O
,	O
98	B-CARDINAL
are	O
overseas	O
reporters	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
400	I-CARDINAL
overseas	O
guests	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
visit	O
and	O
observe	O
,	O
including	O
among	O
them	O
an	O
observer	O
delegation	O
from	O
Bangkok	B-GPE
,	O
Thailand	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
host	O
of	O
the	O
next	O
Far	B-EVENT
South	I-EVENT
Sports	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
,	O
an	O
observer	O
delegation	O
from	O
the	O
1996	B-DATE
US	B-EVENT
Atlanta	I-EVENT
Special	I-EVENT
Olympics	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
,	O
an	O
observer	O
delegation	O
from	O
the	O
1996	B-DATE
Nagano	B-EVENT
Winter	I-EVENT
Special	I-EVENT
Olympics	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
,	O
and	O
an	O
observer	O
delegation	O
from	O
the	O
1995	B-DATE
US	B-EVENT
Special	I-EVENT
Olympics	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
.	O


During	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
this	B-EVENT
Sports	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
,	O
the	B-ORG
Far	I-ORG
South	I-ORG
Confederation	I-ORG
Representatives	I-ORG
Congress	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Executive	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
the	O
Skills	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Medical	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
meetings	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
held	O
.	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
200	I-CARDINAL
domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
reporters	O
attended	O
the	O
news	O
conference	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


News	O
spokesperson	O
for	O
the	O
organizing	O
committee	O
also	O
presented	O
the	O
training	O
and	O
living	O
situation	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
Sports	B-ORG
Delegation	I-ORG
after	O
they	O
moved	O
into	O
the	O
athlete	O
's	O
village	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
25th	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
and	O
places	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
country	O
held	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
rich	O
and	O
colorful	O
promotional	O
activities	O
to	O
welcome	O
the	O
opening	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Far	I-EVENT
South	I-EVENT
Sports	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
.	O


The	O
whole	O
city	O
of	O
Beijing	B-GPE
is	O
filled	O
with	O
a	O
warm	O
atmosphere	O
,	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
is	O
brand	O
new	O
,	O
colorful	O
flags	O
fly	O
over	O
big	O
streets	O
and	O
small	O
alleys	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
citizens	O
of	O
Beijing	B-GPE
city	I-GPE
are	O
eagerly	O
looking	O
forward	O
to	O
the	O
grand	O
opening	O
ceremony	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Far	I-EVENT
South	I-EVENT
Sports	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Yiguo	B-PERSON
Yu	I-PERSON


The	O
Japanese	B-NORP
delegation	O
participating	O
in	O
the	O
Sixth	B-ORDINAL
Far	B-EVENT
East	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
South	I-EVENT
Pacific	I-EVENT
Region	I-EVENT
Handicapped	I-EVENT
Sports	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
held	O
a	O
grand	O
swearing	O
in	O
ceremony	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
.	O


A	O
Japanese	B-NORP
flag	O
hung	O
from	O
the	O
Chairman	O
's	O
stage	O
.	O


Sportsmen	O
,	O
coaches	O
,	O
doctors	O
,	O
nurses	O
and	O
officials	O
of	O
the	O
delegation	O
sat	O
neatly	O
below	O
the	O
stage	O
.	O


An	O
atmosphere	O
of	O
confidence	O
and	O
eagerness	O
for	O
progress	O
filled	O
the	O
ceremony	O
ground	O
.	O


Vice-minister	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Japanese	I-ORG
State	I-ORG
Welfare	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
,	O
Souyasen	B-PERSON
,	O
delivered	O
a	O
"	O
bolstering	O
departure	O
speech	O
"	O
to	O
the	O
delegation	O
.	O


Souya	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O
the	B-EVENT
Far	I-EVENT
South	I-EVENT
Sports	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
was	O
an	O
international	O
sports	O
meet	O
that	O
attracts	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
attention	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
scale	O
of	O
this	O
sports	O
meet	O
to	O
be	O
held	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
largest	O
to	O
date	O
.	O


He	O
hoped	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
athletes	O
would	O
"	O
fully	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
strength	O
and	O
skill	O
that	O
they	O
cultivate	O
daily	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
competitors	O
representing	O
Japan	B-GPE
,	O
they	O
should	O
carry	O
out	O
competition	O
with	O
athletes	O
from	O
various	O
countries	O
honestly	O
"	O
.	O


Souya	B-PERSON
emphasized	O
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
delegation	O
must	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
this	O
opportunity	O
of	O
participation	O
in	O
the	O
Beijing	B-GPE
Far	B-EVENT
South	I-EVENT
Sports	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
"	O
to	O
deepen	O
friendship	O
with	O
athletes	O
from	O
various	O
countries	O
,	O
and	O
expand	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
international	O
friendliness	O
.	O
"	O


Souya	B-PERSON
handed	O
over	O
the	O
delegation	O
flag	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
delegation	O
to	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
delegation	O
and	O
Director	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Tokyo	I-FAC
Handicapped	I-FAC
Integrated	I-FAC
Sports	I-FAC
Center	I-FAC
,	O
Banminyan	B-PERSON
.	O


From	O
this	O
tight	O
,	O
orderly	O
,	O
warm	O
and	O
serious	O
swearing	O
in	O
ceremony	O
,	O
this	O
reporter	O
felt	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
Handicapped	B-ORG
Sports	I-ORG
Team	I-ORG
was	O
a	O
team	O
that	O
was	O
well	O
trained	O
,	O
disciplined	O
and	O
possessed	O
fighting	O
spirit	O
.	O


The	O
Japanese	B-NORP
delegation	O
will	O
fly	O
to	O
Beijing	B-GPE
on	O
the	B-DATE
2nd	I-DATE
.	O


After	O
the	O
closing	O
ceremonies	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Sports	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
,	O
they	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
remain	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
for	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
interaction	O
activities	O
with	O
relevant	O
Chinese	B-NORP
parties	O
and	O
visit	O
and	O
tour	O
,	O
and	O
return	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
on	O
13th	B-DATE
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Changping	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE


The	B-EVENT
National	I-EVENT
Stadium	I-EVENT
Cycling	I-EVENT
Racing	I-EVENT
Championship	I-EVENT
Competition	I-EVENT
entered	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
day	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	O
finals	O
of	O
the	O
4	B-QUANTITY
km	I-QUANTITY
individual	O
chase	O
event	O
,	O
Longchen	B-PERSON
Guo	I-PERSON
,	O
from	O
the	O
Liaoning	B-NORP
team	O
broke	O
the	O
national	O
record	O
again	O
with	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
4	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
and	I-TIME
44.82	I-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
,	O
and	O
clinched	O
the	O
gold	O
medal	O
for	O
this	O
event	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
qualifying	O
competition	O
for	O
this	O
event	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
Longchen	B-PERSON
Guo	I-PERSON
broke	O
the	O
national	O
record	O
of	O
4	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
and	I-TIME
49.70	I-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
which	O
he	O
created	O
at	O
the	O
7th	B-ORDINAL
National	B-EVENT
Sports	I-EVENT
Meeting	I-EVENT
,	O
with	O
a	O
score	O
of	O
4	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
and	I-TIME
46.77	I-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
.	O


Xuezhong	B-PERSON
Tang	I-PERSON
from	O
the	O
Beijing	B-NORP
team	O
and	O
Guangchun	B-PERSON
Pan	I-PERSON
from	O
the	O
Liaoning	B-NORP
team	O
won	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
and	O
third	B-ORDINAL
positions	O
in	O
this	O
event	O
respectively	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
finals	O
of	O
the	O
women	O
's	O
3	B-QUANTITY
km	I-QUANTITY
individual	O
chase	O
event	O
,	O
Xinghong	B-PERSON
Guo	I-PERSON
from	O
the	O
Hebei	B-NORP
team	O
won	O
the	O
gold	O
medal	O
with	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
3	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
57.665	I-TIME
seconds	I-TIME
.	O


Haijuan	B-PERSON
Zhao	I-PERSON
from	O
the	O
Jilin	B-NORP
team	O
and	O
Huizhen	B-PERSON
Ma	I-PERSON
from	O
the	O
Henan	B-NORP
team	O
won	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
and	O
third	B-ORDINAL
positions	O
respectively	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Guilin	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
,	O
Xinhua	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Seoul	B-GPE
,	O
August	B-DATE
31st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporter	O
Shuifu	B-PERSON
Tang	I-PERSON


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
"	O
Le	B-EVENT
Tian	I-EVENT
Cup	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
China	I-EVENT
and	O
Korea	B-EVENT
Go	I-EVENT
competition	I-EVENT
started	O
today	B-DATE
at	O
Fushan	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
largest	O
city	O
of	O
Korea	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
round	O
of	O
competition	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
team	O
defeated	O
the	O
relatively	O
stronger	O
Korean	B-NORP
team	O
with	O
a	O
score	O
of	O
4	B-CARDINAL
:	O
3	B-CARDINAL
.	O


In	O
the	O
competition	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
both	O
sides	O
each	O
have	O
7	B-CARDINAL
Go	O
players	O
participating	O
.	O


Weiping	B-PERSON
Nie	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
9th	B-ORDINAL
level	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Xiaoguang	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
9th	B-ORDINAL
level	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Hao	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
6th	B-ORDINAL
level	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
Dayuan	B-PERSON
Cao	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
9th	B-ORDINAL
level	O
-RRB-	O
from	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
team	O
defeated	O
Guibing	B-PERSON
Cui	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
6th	B-ORDINAL
level	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Xiuying	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
9th	B-ORDINAL
level	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Fengzhu	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
9th	B-ORDINAL
level	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
Xuange	B-PERSON
Lin	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
8th	B-ORDINAL
level	O
-RRB-	O
from	O
the	O
Korean	B-NORP
team	O
respectively	O
.	O


Among	O
which	O
,	O
Weiping	B-PERSON
Nie	I-PERSON
,	O
Xiaoguang	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
and	O
Hao	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
both	O
achieved	O
victories	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
games	O
.	O


Dayuan	B-PERSON
Cao	I-PERSON
achieved	O
victory	O
with	O
an	O
advantage	O
of	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
'	O
mu	O
'	O
.	O


Xunxuan	B-PERSON
Cao	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
9th	B-ORDINAL
level	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Changhao	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
7th	B-ORDINAL
level	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
Changhe	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
6th	B-ORDINAL
level	O
-RRB-	O
from	O
the	O
Korean	B-NORP
team	O
defeated	O
Jing	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
5th	B-ORDINAL
level	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Xiaocun	B-PERSON
Ma	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
9th	B-ORDINAL
level	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
Jianhong	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
7th	B-ORDINAL
level	O
-RRB-	O
from	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
team	O
respectively	O
.	O


Among	O
which	O
,	O
Xunxuan	B-PERSON
Cao	I-PERSON
achieved	O
a	O
victory	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
game	O
.	O


Changhao	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
and	O
Changhe	B-PERSON
Liu	I-PERSON
achieved	O
victories	O
with	O
advantages	O
of	O
six	B-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
'	O
mu	O
'	O
and	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
'	O
mu	O
'	O
respectively	O
.	O


When	O
receiving	O
reporters	O
telephone	O
interviews	O
,	O
Runan	B-PERSON
Wang	I-PERSON
,	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
delegation	O
presented	O
that	O
,	O
overall	O
speaking	O
,	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
the	O
Korean	B-NORP
team	O
was	O
stronger	O
than	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
team	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
team	O
performed	O
better	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
achieved	O
victory	O
.	O


The	O
performance	O
of	O
our	O
young	O
competitor	O
,	O
Hao	B-PERSON
Chang	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
especially	O
outstanding	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
defeating	O
Fengzhu	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
Korean	B-NORP
team	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
game	O
.	O


Fengzhu	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON
has	O
won	O
many	O
championships	O
in	O
international	O
competitions	O
before	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
achieved	O
complete	O
victory	O
in	O
nine	O
games	O
with	O
Chinese	B-NORP
Go	O
players	O
before	O
.	O


The	O
Go	O
teams	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Korea	B-GPE
will	O
shift	O
to	O
Seoul	B-GPE
on	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
will	O
hold	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
competition	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
Le	I-FAC
Tian	I-FAC
Hotel	I-FAC
on	O
the	B-DATE
2nd	I-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
rules	O
discussed	O
and	O
agreed	O
upon	O
by	O
both	O
sides	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
teams	O
draw	O
with	O
7	B-CARDINAL
:	O
7	B-CARDINAL
,	O
then	O
the	O
final	O
result	O
will	O
be	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
competition	O
between	O
Weiping	B-PERSON
Nie	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
team	O
and	O
Xunxuan	B-PERSON
Cao	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
Korean	B-NORP
team	O
.	O


The	O
prize	O
money	O
of	O
the	O
competition	O
this	O
time	O
is	O
100,000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
the	O
team	O
that	O
wins	O
will	O
get	O
70,000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
,	O
while	O
the	O
team	O
that	O
loses	O
will	O
get	O
30,000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE


Reporter	O
Hepu	B-PERSON
Li	I-PERSON
learned	O
from	O
the	O
external	O
liaison	O
department	O
of	O
the	O
organizing	O
committee	O
of	O
the	O
Sixth	B-ORDINAL
Far	B-EVENT
East	I-EVENT
and	I-EVENT
South	I-EVENT
Pacific	I-EVENT
Region	I-EVENT
Handicapped	I-EVENT
Sports	I-EVENT
Meet	I-EVENT
:	O
up	O
till	O
tonight	B-TIME
,	O
delegations	O
from	O
31	B-CARDINAL
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
participating	O
in	O
the	O
sports	O
meet	O
this	O
time	O
have	O
already	O
arrived	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
and	O
moved	O
into	O
the	O
athlete	O
's	O
village	O
.	O


These	O
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
are	O
:	O
Australia	B-GPE
,	O
Brunei	B-GPE
,	O
Taipei	B-GPE
,	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
Fiji	B-GPE
,	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
India	B-GPE
,	O
Indonesia	B-GPE
,	O
Kiribati	B-GPE
,	O
South	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
,	O
Laos	B-GPE
,	O
Macao	B-GPE
,	O
Malaysia	B-GPE
,	O
Maldives	B-GPE
,	O
Myanmar	B-GPE
,	O
Nauru	B-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
Caledonia	I-GPE
,	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
,	O
Nui	B-GPE
,	O
Pakistan	B-GPE
,	O
Papua	B-GPE
New	I-GPE
Guinea	I-GPE
,	O
Philippines	B-GPE
,	O
Singapore	B-GPE
,	O
Solomon	B-GPE
Islands	I-GPE
,	O
Sri	B-GPE
Lanka	I-GPE
,	O
Thailand	B-GPE
,	O
Tonga	B-GPE
,	O
Turkmenistan	B-GPE
,	O
Vanuatu	B-GPE
,	O
Vietnam	B-GPE
,	O
Wallis	B-GPE
and	I-GPE
Futuna	I-GPE
,	O
West	B-GPE
Samoa	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
sports	O
delegation	O
from	O
hosting	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
already	O
moved	O
into	O
the	O
athlete	O
's	O
village	O
on	O
August	B-DATE
25th	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
was	O
learned	O
that	O
these	O
delegations	O
received	O
a	O
warm	O
and	O
considerate	O
reception	O
from	O
volunteers	O
at	O
the	O
capitol	O
airport	O
,	O
registration	O
and	O
permit	O
issuance	O
center	O
and	O
athlete	O
's	O
village	O
.	O


From	O
exiting	O
customs	O
to	O
moving	O
into	O
the	O
athlete	O
's	O
village	O
everything	O
was	O
extremely	O
smooth	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Rome	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Aiguo	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON
and	O
Changrui	B-PERSON
Huang	I-PERSON


The	O
1	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
diving	O
board	O
preliminaries	O
of	O
the	O
Seventh	B-ORDINAL
World	B-EVENT
Swimming	I-EVENT
Championship	I-EVENT
were	O
held	O
here	O
this	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


Chinese	B-NORP
competitor	O
Lan	B-PERSON
Wei	I-PERSON
and	O
Sheng	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
both	O
received	O
qualification	O
for	O
the	O
semi-finals	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
preliminaries	O
,	O
Wei	B-PERSON
Lan	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
26	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
from	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
outstanding	O
skill	O
,	O
occupied	O
the	O
lead	O
position	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
score	O
of	O
355.35	B-CARDINAL
points	O
.	O


Sheng	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
19	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
from	O
Hubei	B-GPE
,	O
is	O
temporarily	O
in	O
the	O
sixth	B-ORDINAL
position	O
,	O
the	O
a	O
total	O
score	O
of	O
342.60	B-CARDINAL
points	O
.	O


The	O
competitor	O
who	O
is	O
temporarily	O
in	O
second	B-ORDINAL
place	O
is	O
the	O
German	B-NORP
athlete	O
Bao	B-PERSON
Lizuo	I-PERSON
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
score	O
of	O
355.02	B-CARDINAL
points	O
,	O
slightly	O
lower	O
than	O
Wei	B-PERSON
Lan	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
competitor	O
from	O
Zimbabwe	B-GPE
,	O
Si	B-PERSON
Aiwan	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
temporarily	O
in	O
third	B-ORDINAL
place	O
,	O
has	O
a	O
total	O
score	O
of	O
354.39	B-CARDINAL
points	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
competition	O
,	O
the	O
chief	O
coach	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
diving	O
team	O
said	O
to	O
our	O
agency	O
's	O
reporter	O
:	O
"	O
Sheng	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
little	O
nervous	O
today	B-DATE
.	O
"	O


He	O
also	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
Our	O
athletes	O
are	O
not	O
very	O
used	O
to	O
carrying	O
out	O
competition	O
under	O
strong	O
sunlight	O
.	O
"	O


At	O
home	O
,	O
they	O
carry	O
out	O
indoor	O
training	O
mostly	O
.	O


Looks	O
like	O
we	O
still	O
need	O
to	O
train	O
more	O
outdoors	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
felt	O
that	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
more	O
new	O
competitors	O
from	O
our	O
country	O
participating	O
in	O
this	O
competition	O
.	O


They	O
still	O
lack	O
experience	O
in	O
international	O
competitions	O
.	O


The	O
preliminary	O
competition	O
for	O
the	O
women	O
's	O
10	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
platform	O
diving	O
will	O
be	O
held	O
this	B-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
.	O


Mingxia	B-PERSON
Fu	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
won	O
the	O
championship	O
for	O
our	O
country	O
at	O
the	B-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Championship	I-EVENT
and	O
the	B-EVENT
Olympic	I-EVENT
Games	I-EVENT
,	O
and	O
the	O
competitor	O
from	O
Hebei	B-GPE
,	O
Bin	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
won	O
the	O
championship	O
at	O
the	B-EVENT
World	I-EVENT
Cup	I-EVENT
will	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
competition	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


Xinhua	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
,	O
Rome	B-GPE
,	O
September	B-DATE
1st	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
reporters	O
Changrui	B-PERSON
Huang	I-PERSON
and	O
Aiguo	B-PERSON
Yang	I-PERSON


The	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
female	O
competitors	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
diving	O
team	O
,	O
Mingxia	B-PERSON
Fu	I-PERSON
and	O
Bin	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
,	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
6	B-CARDINAL
rounds	O
of	O
the	O
10	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
platform	O
diving	O
preliminary	O
competition	O
at	O
the	O
Seventh	B-ORDINAL
World	B-EVENT
Swimming	I-EVENT
Championships	I-EVENT
held	O
here	O
today	B-DATE
was	O
ideal	O
,	O
and	O
hopes	O
of	O
entering	O
the	O
heats	O
are	O
in	O
sight	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
this	O
reporter	O
dispatched	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
6	B-CARDINAL
rounds	O
of	O
competition	O
,	O
Mingxia	B-PERSON
Fu	I-PERSON
and	O
Bin	B-PERSON
Chi	I-PERSON
are	O
temporarily	O
occupying	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
and	O
third	B-ORDINAL
positions	O
with	O
total	O
scores	O
of	O
339.12	B-CARDINAL
and	O
290.19	B-CARDINAL
points	O
respectively	O
.	O


If	O
accidents	O
do	O
not	O
occur	O
,	O
their	O
hopes	O
of	O
entering	O
the	O
heats	O
are	O
already	O
in	O
sight	O
.	O


Occupying	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
position	O
is	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
competitor	O
,	O
Richard	B-PERSON
.	O


Her	O
performance	O
was	O
303.00	B-CARDINAL
points	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
preliminary	O
men	O
's	O
1	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
meter	I-QUANTITY
platform	O
diving	O
competition	O
this	O
morning	O
,	O
our	O
competitors	O
Lan	B-PERSON
Wei	I-PERSON
and	O
Sheng	B-PERSON
Chen	I-PERSON
have	O
already	O
gained	O
rights	O
to	O
the	O
heats	O
.	O


The	O
results	O
of	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
preliminary	O
women	O
's	O
water	O
-	O
polo	O
competition	O
are	O
:	O
the	O
Hungarian	B-NORP
team	O
defeated	O
the	O
Canadian	B-NORP
team	O
by	O
13	B-CARDINAL
:	O
7	B-CARDINAL
,	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
team	O
defeated	O
the	O
Brazilian	B-NORP
team	O
by	O
10	B-CARDINAL
:	O
9	B-CARDINAL
,	O
the	O
Australian	B-NORP
team	O
defeated	O
the	O
German	B-NORP
team	O
by	O
10	B-CARDINAL
:	O
8	B-CARDINAL
,	O
the	O
Russian	B-NORP
team	O
defeated	O
the	O
Dutch	B-NORP
team	O
by	O
7	B-CARDINAL
:	O
6	B-CARDINAL
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
team	O
defeated	O
the	O
Kazakhstani	B-NORP
team	O
by	O
10	B-CARDINAL
:	O
5	B-CARDINAL
,	O
and	O
the	O
Italian	B-NORP
team	O
defeated	O
the	O
New	B-NORP
Zealand	I-NORP
team	O
by	O
12	B-CARDINAL
:	O
2	B-CARDINAL
.	O


There	O
are	O
12	B-CARDINAL
teams	O
totally	O
participating	O
in	O
the	O
competition	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
End	O
-RRB-	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
family	O
history	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


He	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
David	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Abraham	O
.	O


Abraham	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Isaac	O
.	O


Isaac	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Jacob	O
.	O


Jacob	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Judah	O
and	O
his	O
brothers	O
.	O


Judah	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Perez	O
and	O
Zerah	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Their	O
mother	O
was	O
Tamar	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Perez	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Hezron	O
.	O


Hezron	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Ram	O
.	O


Ram	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Amminadab	O
.	O


Amminadab	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Nahshon	O
.	O


Nahshon	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Salmon	O
.	O


Salmon	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Boaz	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
His	O
mother	O
was	O
Rahab	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Boaz	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Obed	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
His	O
mother	O
was	O
Ruth	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Obed	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Jesse	O
.	O


Jesse	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
King	O
David	O
.	O


David	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Solomon	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
His	O
mother	O
had	O
been	O
Uriah	O
's	O
wife	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Solomon	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Rehoboam	O
.	O


Rehoboam	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Abijah	O
.	O


Abijah	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Asa	O
.	O


Asa	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Jehoshaphat	O
.	O


Jehoshaphat	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Jehoram	O
.	O


Jehoram	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Uzziah	O
.	O


Uzziah	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Jotham	O
.	O


Jotham	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Ahaz	O
.	O


Ahaz	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Hezekiah	O
.	O


Hezekiah	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Manasseh	O
.	O


Manasseh	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Amon	O
.	O


Amon	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Josiah	O
.	O


Josiah	O
was	O
the	O
grandfather	O
of	O
Jehoiachin	O
and	O
his	O
brothers	O
,	O
who	O
lived	O
during	O
the	O
time	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
taken	O
away	O
to	O
Babylon	O
.	O


After	O
they	O
were	O
taken	O
to	O
Babylon	O
:	O
Jehoiachin	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Shealtiel	O
.	O


Shealtiel	O
was	O
the	O
grandfather	O
of	O
Zerubbabel	O
.	O


Zerubbabel	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Abiud	O
.	O


Abiud	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Eliakim	O
.	O


Eliakim	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Azor	O
.	O


Azor	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Zadok	O
.	O


Zadok	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Achim	O
.	O


Achim	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Eliud	O
.	O


Eliud	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Eleazar	O
.	O


Eleazar	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Matthan	O
.	O


Matthan	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Jacob	O
.	O


Jacob	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Joseph	O
.	O


Joseph	O
was	O
the	O
husband	O
of	O
Mary	O
,	O
and	O
Mary	O
was	O
the	O
mother	O
of	O
Jesus	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
called	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O


So	O
there	O
were	O
fourteen	O
generations	O
from	O
Abraham	O
to	O
David	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
also	O
fourteen	O
generations	O
from	O
David	O
until	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
taken	O
away	O
to	O
Babylon	O
.	O


And	O
there	O
were	O
fourteen	O
more	O
from	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
taken	O
to	O
Babylon	O
until	O
Christ	O
was	O
born	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
how	O
the	O
birth	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
happened	O
.	O


His	O
mother	O
Mary	O
was	O
engaged	O
to	O
marry	O
Joseph	O
.	O


But	O
before	O
they	O
married	O
,	O
he	O
learned	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
expecting	O
a	O
baby	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
She	O
was	O
pregnant	O
by	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Mary	O
's	O
husband	O
,	O
Joseph	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
man	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
cause	O
her	O
public	O
disgrace	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
planned	O
to	O
divorce	O
her	O
secretly	O
.	O


But	O
after	O
Joseph	O
thought	O
about	O
this	O
,	O
an	O
angel	O
from	O
the	O
Lord	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
in	O
a	O
dream	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Joseph	O
,	O
son	O
of	O
David	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
to	O
accept	O


Mary	O
to	O
be	O
your	O
wife	O
.	O


The	O
baby	O
inside	O
her	O
is	O
from	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


She	O
will	O
give	O
birth	O
to	O
a	O
son	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
name	O
him	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Give	O
him	O
that	O
name	O
because	O
he	O
will	O
save	O
his	O
people	O
from	O
their	O
sins	O
.	O
''	O


All	O
this	O
happened	O
to	O
make	O
clear	O
the	O
full	O
meaning	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
Lord	O
said	O
through	O
the	O
prophet	O
:	O
``	O
The	O
virgin	O
will	O
be	O
pregnant	O
and	O
will	O
give	O
birth	O
to	O
a	O
son	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
name	O
him	O
Immanuel	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
Immanuel	O
means	O
``	O
God	O
with	O
us	O
.	O
''	O
-RRB-	O


When	O
Joseph	O
woke	O
up	O
,	O
he	O
did	O
what	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
angel	O
told	O
him	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


He	O
married	O
Mary	O
.	O


But	O
Joseph	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
sexual	O
relations	O
with	O
her	O
until	O
her	O
son	O
was	O
born	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
named	O
him	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
born	O
in	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Bethlehem	O
in	O
Judea	O
during	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
Herod	O
was	O
king	O
.	O


After	O
Jesus	O
was	O
born	O
,	O
some	O
wise	O
men	O
from	O
the	O
east	O
came	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
people	O
,	O
``	O
Where	O
is	O
the	O
child	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
born	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
?	O


We	O
saw	O
the	O
star	O
that	O
shows	O
he	O
was	O
born	O
.	O


We	O
saw	O
it	O
rise	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
in	O
the	O
east	O
and	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
worship	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
King	O
Herod	O
heard	O
about	O
this	O
,	O
it	O
upset	O
him	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
everyone	O
else	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


Herod	O
called	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
leading	O
Jewish	O
priests	O
and	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
them	O
where	O
the	O
Christ	O
would	O
be	O
born	O
.	O


They	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
In	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Bethlehem	O
in	O
Judea	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
prophet	O
wrote	O
:	O
'	O
Bethlehem	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
land	O
of	O
Judah	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
important	O
among	O
the	O
rulers	O
of	O
Judah	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
a	O
ruler	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
ruler	O
will	O
lead	O
Israel	O
,	O
my	O
people	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Then	O
Herod	O
had	O
a	O
private	O
meeting	O
with	O
the	O
wise	O
men	O
from	O
the	O
east	O
.	O


He	O
learned	O
from	O
them	O
the	O
exact	O
time	O
they	O
first	O
saw	O
the	O
star	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
sent	O
them	O
to	O
Bethlehem	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
and	O
look	O
carefully	O
for	O
the	O
child	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
find	O
him	O
,	O
come	O
tell	O
me	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
can	O
go	O
worship	O
him	O
too	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
the	O
wise	O
men	O
heard	O
the	O
king	O
,	O
they	O
left	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
the	O
same	O
star	O
they	O
had	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
east	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
followed	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
star	O
went	O
before	O
them	O
until	O
it	O
stopped	O
above	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
the	O
child	O
was	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
very	O
happy	O
and	O
excited	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
star	O
.	O


The	O
wise	O
men	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
house	O
where	O
the	O
child	O
was	O
with	O
his	O
mother	O
Mary	O
.	O


They	O
bowed	O
down	O
and	O
worshiped	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
opened	O
the	O
boxes	O
of	O
gifts	O
they	O
had	O
brought	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
gave	O
him	O
treasures	O
of	O
gold	O
,	O
frankincense	O
,	O
and	O
myrrh	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
warned	O
the	O
wise	O
men	O
in	O
a	O
dream	O
not	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
Herod	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
went	O
home	O
to	O
their	O
own	O
country	O
a	O
different	O
way	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
wise	O
men	O
left	O
,	O
an	O
angel	O
from	O
the	O
Lord	O
came	O
to	O
Joseph	O
in	O
a	O
dream	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Get	O
up	O
!	O


Take	O
the	O
child	O
with	O
his	O
mother	O
and	O
escape	O
to	O
Egypt	O
.	O


Herod	O
wants	O
to	O
kill	O
the	O
child	O
and	O
will	O
soon	O
start	O
looking	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


Stay	O
in	O
Egypt	O
until	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Joseph	O
got	O
ready	O
and	O
left	O
for	O
Egypt	O
with	O
the	O
child	O
and	O
the	O
mother	O
.	O


They	O
left	O
during	O
the	O
night	O
.	O


Joseph	O
stayed	O
in	O
Egypt	O
until	O
Herod	O
died	O
.	O


This	O
gave	O
full	O
meaning	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
Lord	O
said	O
through	O
the	O
prophet	O
:	O
``	O


I	O
called	O
my	O
son	O
to	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
Egypt	O
.	O
''	O


Herod	O
saw	O
that	O
the	O
wise	O
men	O
had	O
fooled	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
very	O
angry	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
gave	O
an	O
order	O
to	O
kill	O
all	O
the	O
baby	O
boys	O
in	O
Bethlehem	O
and	O
the	O
whole	O
area	O
around	O
Bethlehem	O
.	O


Herod	O
had	O
learned	O
from	O
the	O
wise	O
men	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
baby	O
was	O
born	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
now	O
two	O
years	O
from	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
kill	O
all	O
the	O
boys	O
who	O
were	O
two	O
years	O
old	O
and	O
younger	O
.	O


This	O
gave	O
full	O
meaning	O
to	O
what	O
God	O
said	O
through	O
the	O
prophet	O
Jeremiah	O
:	O
``	O
A	O
sound	O
was	O
heard	O
in	O
Ramah	O
--	O
bitter	O
crying	O
and	O
great	O
sadness	O
.	O


Rachel	O
cries	O
for	O
her	O
children	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
comforted	O
,	O
because	O
her	O
children	O
are	O
gone	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
Joseph	O
was	O
in	O
Egypt	O
,	O
Herod	O
died	O
.	O


An	O
angel	O
from	O
the	O
Lord	O
came	O
to	O
Joseph	O
in	O
a	O
dream	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Get	O
up	O
!	O


Take	O
the	O
child	O
with	O
his	O
mother	O
and	O
go	O
to	O
Israel	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
were	O
trying	O
to	O
kill	O
the	O
child	O
are	O
now	O
dead	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Joseph	O
took	O
the	O
child	O
and	O
the	O
mother	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
Israel	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
heard	O
that	O
Archelaus	O
was	O
now	O
king	O
in	O
Judea	O
.	O


Archelaus	O
became	O
king	O
when	O
his	O
father	O
Herod	O
died	O
.	O


So	O
Joseph	O
was	O
afraid	O
to	O
go	O
there	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
after	O
being	O
warned	O
in	O
a	O
dream	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
away	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
Galilee	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
to	O
a	O
town	O
called	O
Nazareth	O
and	O
lived	O
there	O
.	O


This	O
gave	O
full	O
meaning	O
to	O
what	O
God	O
said	O
through	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


God	O
said	O
the	O
Christ	O
would	O
be	O
called	O
a	O
Nazarene	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
,	O
John	O
the	O
Baptizer	O
began	O
telling	O
people	O
a	O
message	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
area	O
of	O
Judea	O
.	O


John	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Change	O
your	O
hearts	O
and	O
lives	O
,	O
because	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
coming	O
soon	O
.	O
''	O


John	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
Isaiah	O
the	O
prophet	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
when	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
There	O
is	O
someone	O
shouting	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
:	O
'	O
Prepare	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Make	O
the	O
road	O
straight	O
for	O
him	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


John	O
's	O
clothes	O
were	O
made	O
from	O
camel	O
's	O
hair	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
had	O
a	O
leather	O
belt	O
around	O
his	O
waist	O
.	O


For	O
food	O
,	O
he	O
ate	O
locusts	O
and	O
wild	O
honey	O
.	O


People	O
came	O
to	O
John	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
and	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
Judea	O
and	O
from	O
all	O
the	O
areas	O
along	O
the	O
Jordan	O
River	O
.	O


They	O
confessed	O
the	O
bad	O
things	O
they	O
had	O
done	O
,	O
and	O
John	O
baptized	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
Jordan	O
.	O


Many	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
Sadducees	O
came	O
to	O
where	O
John	O
was	O
baptizing	O
people	O
.	O


When	O
John	O
saw	O
them	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
all	O
snakes	O
!	O


Who	O
warned	O
you	O
to	O
run	O
from	O
God	O
's	O
judgment	O
that	O
is	O
coming	O
?	O


Change	O
your	O
hearts	O
!	O


And	O
show	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
live	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
changed	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
thinking	O
.	O


You	O
want	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
but	O
Abraham	O
is	O
our	O
father	O
!	O
'	O


That	O
means	O
nothing	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
God	O
could	O
make	O
children	O
for	O
Abraham	O
from	O
these	O
rocks	O
.	O


The	O
ax	O
is	O
now	O
ready	O
to	O
cut	O
down	O
the	O
trees	O
.	O


Every	O
tree	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
produce	O
good	O
fruit	O
will	O
be	O
cut	O
down	O
and	O
thrown	O
into	O
the	O
fire	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
baptize	O
you	O
with	O
water	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
changed	O
your	O
hearts	O
and	O
lives	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
someone	O
coming	O
later	O
who	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
more	O
than	O
I	O
can	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
good	O
enough	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
slave	O
who	O
takes	O
off	O
his	O
sandals	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
baptize	O
you	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
and	O
with	O
fire	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
come	O
ready	O
to	O
clean	O
the	O
grain	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
separate	O
the	O
good	O
grain	O
from	O
the	O
straw	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
put	O
the	O
good	O
part	O
into	O
his	O
barn	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
will	O
burn	O
the	O
useless	O
part	O
with	O
a	O
fire	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
stopped	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
came	O
from	O
Galilee	O
to	O
the	O
Jordan	O
River	O
.	O


He	O
came	O
to	O
John	O
,	O
wanting	O
John	O
to	O
baptize	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
John	O
tried	O
to	O
stop	O
him	O
.	O


John	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
do	O
you	O
come	O
to	O
me	O
to	O
be	O
baptized	O
?	O


I	O
should	O
be	O
baptized	O
by	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Let	O
it	O
be	O
this	O
way	O
for	O
now	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
do	O
whatever	O
God	O
says	O
is	O
right	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
John	O
agreed	O
.	O


So	O
Jesus	O
was	O
baptized	O
.	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
he	O
came	O
up	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
the	O
sky	O
opened	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
saw	O
God	O
's	O
Spirit	O
coming	O
down	O
on	O
him	O
like	O
a	O
dove	O
.	O


A	O
voice	O
from	O
heaven	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
is	O
my	O
Son	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
I	O
love	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
very	O
pleased	O
with	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
Spirit	O
led	O
Jesus	O
into	O
the	O
desert	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
taken	O
there	O
to	O
be	O
tempted	O
by	O
the	O
devil	O
.	O


Jesus	O
ate	O
nothing	O
for	O
40	O
days	O
and	O
nights	O
.	O


After	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
very	O
hungry	O
.	O


The	O
devil	O
came	O
to	O
tempt	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
tell	O
these	O
rocks	O
to	O
become	O
bread	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
It	O
is	O
not	O
just	O
bread	O
that	O
keeps	O
people	O
alive	O
.	O


Their	O
lives	O
depend	O
on	O
what	O
God	O
says	O
.	O
'	O
''	O
Then	O
the	O
devil	O
led	O
Jesus	O
to	O
the	O
holy	O
city	O
of	O
Jerusalem	O
and	O
put	O
him	O
on	O
a	O
high	O
place	O
at	O
the	O
edge	O
of	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
jump	O
off	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
God	O
will	O
command	O
his	O
angels	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
hands	O
will	O
catch	O
you	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
hit	O
your	O
foot	O
on	O
a	O
rock	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Scriptures	O
also	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
must	O
not	O
test	O
the	O
Lord	O
your	O
God	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
devil	O
led	O
Jesus	O
to	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
a	O
very	O
high	O
mountain	O
and	O
showed	O
him	O
all	O
the	O
kingdoms	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
wonderful	O
things	O
in	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
devil	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
will	O
bow	O
down	O
and	O
worship	O
me	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Get	O
away	O
from	O
me	O
,	O
Satan	O
!	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
must	O
worship	O
the	O
Lord	O
your	O
God	O
.	O


Serve	O
only	O
him	O
!	O
'	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
devil	O
left	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
some	O
angels	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
helped	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
heard	O
that	O
John	O
was	O
put	O
in	O
prison	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
Galilee	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
stay	O
in	O
Nazareth	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
Capernaum	O
,	O
a	O
town	O
near	O
Lake	O
Galilee	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
near	O
Zebulun	O
and	O
Naphtali	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
this	O
to	O
give	O
full	O
meaning	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
prophet	O
Isaiah	O
said	O
:	O
``	O
Listen	O
,	O
land	O
of	O
Zebulun	O
and	O
land	O
of	O
Naphtali	O
,	O
lands	O
by	O
the	O
road	O
that	O
goes	O
to	O
the	O
sea	O
,	O
the	O
area	O
past	O
the	O
Jordan	O
River	O
--	O
Galilee	O
,	O
where	O
those	O
from	O
other	O
nations	O
live	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
who	O
live	O
in	O
spiritual	O
darkness	O
have	O
seen	O
a	O
great	O
light	O
.	O


The	O
light	O
has	O
shined	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
land	O
that	O
is	O
as	O
dark	O
as	O
a	O
grave	O
.	O
''	O


>	O
From	O
that	O
time	O
Jesus	O
began	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
his	O
message	O
:	O
``	O
Change	O
your	O
hearts	O
and	O
lives	O
,	O
because	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
coming	O
soon	O
.	O
''	O


As	O
Jesus	O
was	O
walking	O
by	O
Lake	O
Galilee	O
,	O
he	O
saw	O
two	O
brothers	O
,	O
Simon	O
-LRB-	O
called	O
Peter	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
Simon	O
's	O
brother	O
Andrew	O
.	O


These	O
brothers	O
were	O
fishermen	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
fishing	O
in	O
the	O
lake	O
with	O
a	O
net	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
,	O
follow	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
make	O
you	O
a	O
different	O
kind	O
of	O
fishermen	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
bring	O
in	O
people	O
,	O
not	O
fish	O
.	O
''	O


Simon	O
and	O
Andrew	O
immediately	O
left	O
their	O
nets	O
and	O
followed	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
continued	O
walking	O
by	O
Lake	O
Galilee	O
.	O


He	O
saw	O
two	O
other	O
brothers	O
,	O
James	O
and	O
John	O
,	O
the	O
sons	O
of	O
Zebedee	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
in	O
a	O
boat	O
with	O
their	O
father	O
Zebedee	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
preparing	O
their	O
nets	O
to	O
catch	O
fish	O
.	O


Jesus	O
told	O
the	O
brothers	O
to	O
come	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
immediately	O
left	O
the	O
boat	O
and	O
their	O
father	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Jesus	O
went	O
everywhere	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
Galilee	O
.	O


He	O
taught	O
in	O
the	O
synagogues	O
and	O
told	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
healed	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
's	O
diseases	O
and	O
sicknesses	O
.	O


The	O
news	O
about	O
Jesus	O
spread	O
all	O
over	O
Syria	O
,	O
and	O
people	O
brought	O
to	O
him	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
sick	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
suffering	O
from	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
diseases	O
and	O
pain	O
.	O


Some	O
had	O
demons	O
inside	O
them	O
,	O
some	O
suffered	O
from	O
seizures	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
were	O
paralyzed	O
.	O


Jesus	O
healed	O
them	O
all	O
.	O


Large	O
crowds	O
followed	O
him	O
--	O
people	O
from	O
Galilee	O
,	O
the	O
Ten	O
Towns	O
,	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
Judea	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
area	O
across	O
the	O
Jordan	O
River	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
saw	O
the	O
crowds	O
of	O
people	O
there	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
up	O
on	O
a	O
hill	O
and	O
sat	O
down	O
.	O


His	O
followers	O
came	O
and	O
sat	O
next	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
began	O
teaching	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
know	O
they	O
are	O
spiritually	O
in	O
need	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
belongs	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
sad	O
now	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
comfort	O
them	O
.	O


Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
humble	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
given	O
the	O
land	O
God	O
promised	O
.	O


Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
right	O
more	O
than	O
anything	O
else	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
fully	O
satisfy	O
them	O
.	O


Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
show	O
mercy	O
to	O
others	O
.	O


Mercy	O
will	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
those	O
whose	O
thoughts	O
are	O
pure	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
work	O
to	O
bring	O
peace	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
call	O
them	O
his	O
sons	O
and	O
daughters	O
.	O


Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
suffer	O
persecution	O
for	O
doing	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
belongs	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


``	O
People	O
will	O
insult	O
you	O
and	O
hurt	O
you	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
lie	O
and	O
say	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
evil	O
things	O
about	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
follow	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
they	O
do	O
that	O
,	O
know	O
that	O
great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Be	O
happy	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


Be	O
very	O
glad	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
great	O
reward	O
waiting	O
for	O
you	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


People	O
did	O
these	O
same	O
bad	O
things	O
to	O
the	O
prophets	O
who	O
lived	O
before	O
you	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
are	O
the	O
salt	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
the	O
salt	O
loses	O
its	O
taste	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
made	O
salty	O
again	O
.	O


Salt	O
is	O
useless	O
if	O
it	O
loses	O
its	O
salty	O
taste	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
thrown	O
out	O
where	O
people	O
will	O
just	O
walk	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
are	O
the	O
light	O
that	O
shines	O
for	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
like	O
a	O
city	O
built	O
on	O
a	O
hill	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
hidden	O
.	O


People	O
do	O
n't	O
hide	O
a	O
lamp	O
under	O
a	O
bowl	O
.	O


They	O
put	O
it	O
on	O
a	O
lampstand	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
light	O
shines	O
for	O
everyone	O
in	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
be	O
a	O
light	O
for	O
other	O
people	O
.	O


Live	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
see	O
the	O
good	O
things	O
you	O
do	O
and	O
praise	O
your	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


``	O
Do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
destroy	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
or	O
the	O
teaching	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
come	O
not	O
to	O
destroy	O
their	O
teachings	O
but	O
to	O
give	O
full	O
meaning	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
assure	O
you	O
that	O
nothing	O
will	O
disappear	O
from	O
the	O
law	O
until	O
heaven	O
and	O
earth	O
are	O
gone	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
will	O
not	O
lose	O
even	O
the	O
smallest	O
letter	O
or	O
the	O
smallest	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
letter	O
until	O
it	O
has	O
all	O
been	O
done	O
.	O


``	O
A	O
person	O
should	O
obey	O
every	O
command	O
in	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
even	O
one	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
seem	O
important	O
.	O


Whoever	O
refuses	O
to	O
obey	O
any	O
command	O
and	O
teaches	O
others	O
not	O
to	O
obey	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
least	O
important	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


But	O
whoever	O
obeys	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
teaches	O
others	O
to	O
obey	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
great	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
you	O
must	O
do	O
better	O
than	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
more	O
pleasing	O
to	O
God	O
than	O
they	O
are	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
never	O
enter	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
have	O
heard	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
said	O
to	O
our	O
people	O
long	O
ago	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
must	O
not	O
murder	O
anyone	O
.	O


Any	O
person	O
who	O
commits	O
murder	O
will	O
be	O
judged	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
angry	O
with	O
anyone	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
angry	O
with	O
others	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
judged	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
insult	O
someone	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
judged	O
by	O
the	O
high	O
court	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
call	O
someone	O
a	O
fool	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
danger	O
of	O
the	O
fire	O
of	O
hell	O
.	O


``	O
So	O
,	O
what	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
offering	O
your	O
gift	O
at	O
the	O
altar	O
and	O
remember	O
that	O
someone	O
has	O
something	O
against	O
you	O
?	O


Leave	O
your	O
gift	O
there	O
and	O
go	O
make	O
peace	O
with	O
that	O
person	O
.	O


Then	O
come	O
and	O
offer	O
your	O
gift	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
anyone	O
wants	O
to	O
take	O
you	O
to	O
court	O
,	O
make	O
friends	O
with	O
them	O
quickly	O
.	O


Try	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
before	O
you	O
get	O
to	O
the	O
court	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
,	O
they	O
might	O
hand	O
you	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
judge	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
judge	O
will	O
hand	O
you	O
over	O
to	O
a	O
guard	O
,	O
who	O
will	O
throw	O
you	O
into	O
jail	O
.	O


I	O
assure	O
you	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
leave	O
there	O
until	O
you	O
have	O
paid	O
everything	O
you	O
owe	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
have	O
heard	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
must	O
not	O
commit	O
adultery	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
if	O
a	O
man	O
looks	O
at	O
a	O
woman	O
and	O
wants	O
to	O
sin	O
sexually	O
with	O
her	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
already	O
committed	O
that	O
sin	O
with	O
her	O
in	O
his	O
mind	O
.	O


If	O
your	O
right	O
eye	O
makes	O
you	O
sin	O
,	O
take	O
it	O
out	O
and	O
throw	O
it	O
away	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
better	O
to	O
lose	O
one	O
part	O
of	O
your	O
body	O
than	O
to	O
have	O
your	O
whole	O
body	O
thrown	O
into	O
hell	O
.	O


If	O
your	O
right	O
hand	O
makes	O
you	O
sin	O
,	O
cut	O
it	O
off	O
and	O
throw	O
it	O
away	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
better	O
to	O
lose	O
one	O
part	O
of	O
your	O
body	O
than	O
for	O
your	O
whole	O
body	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
hell	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
was	O
also	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Any	O
man	O
who	O
divorces	O
his	O
wife	O
must	O
give	O
her	O
a	O
written	O
notice	O
of	O
divorce	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
any	O
man	O
who	O
divorces	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
sexual	O
sin	O
,	O
is	O
causing	O
his	O
wife	O
to	O
be	O
guilty	O
of	O
adultery	O
.	O


And	O
whoever	O
marries	O
a	O
divorced	O
woman	O
is	O
guilty	O
of	O
adultery	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
have	O
heard	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
said	O
to	O
our	O
people	O
long	O
ago	O
,	O
'	O
When	O
you	O
make	O
a	O
vow	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
not	O
break	O
your	O
promise	O
.	O


Keep	O
the	O
vows	O
that	O
you	O
make	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
make	O
a	O
promise	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
try	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
stronger	O
with	O
a	O
vow	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
make	O
a	O
vow	O
using	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
heaven	O
,	O
because	O
heaven	O
is	O
God	O
's	O
throne	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
make	O
a	O
vow	O
using	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
earth	O
belongs	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
make	O
a	O
vow	O
using	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
also	O
belongs	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
the	O
great	O
King	O
.	O


And	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
say	O
that	O
your	O
own	O
head	O
is	O
proof	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
keep	O
your	O
promise	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
not	O
make	O
one	O
hair	O
on	O
your	O
head	O
white	O
or	O
black	O
.	O


Say	O
only	O
'	O
yes	O
'	O
if	O
you	O
mean	O
'	O
yes	O
,	O
'	O
and	O
say	O
only	O
'	O
no	O
'	O
if	O
you	O
mean	O
'	O
no	O
.	O
'	O


If	O
you	O
say	O
more	O
than	O
that	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
from	O
the	O
Evil	O
One	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
have	O
heard	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
An	O
eye	O
for	O
an	O
eye	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
tooth	O
for	O
a	O
tooth	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
fight	O
back	O
against	O
someone	O
who	O
wants	O
to	O
do	O
harm	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
hit	O
you	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
cheek	O
,	O
let	O
them	O
hit	O
the	O
other	O
cheek	O
too	O
.	O


If	O
anyone	O
wants	O
to	O
sue	O
you	O
in	O
court	O
and	O
take	O
your	O
shirt	O
,	O
let	O
them	O
have	O
your	O
coat	O
too	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
soldier	O
forces	O
you	O
to	O
walk	O
with	O
him	O
one	O
mile	O
,	O
go	O
with	O
him	O
two	O
.	O


Give	O
to	O
anyone	O
who	O
asks	O
you	O
for	O
something	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
refuse	O
to	O
give	O
to	O
anyone	O
who	O
wants	O
to	O
borrow	O
from	O
you	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
have	O
heard	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Love	O
your	O
neighbor	O
and	O
hate	O
your	O
enemy	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
love	O
your	O
enemies	O
.	O


Pray	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
treat	O
you	O
badly	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
children	O
who	O
are	O
truly	O
like	O
your	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


He	O
lets	O
the	O
sun	O
rise	O
for	O
all	O
people	O
,	O
whether	O
they	O
are	O
good	O
or	O
bad	O
.	O


He	O
sends	O
rain	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
right	O
and	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
wrong	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
love	O
only	O
those	O
who	O
love	O
you	O
,	O
why	O
should	O
you	O
get	O
a	O
reward	O
for	O
that	O
?	O


Even	O
the	O
tax	O
collectors	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
nice	O
only	O
to	O
your	O
friends	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
no	O
better	O
than	O
anyone	O
else	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
God	O
are	O
nice	O
to	O
their	O
friends	O
.	O


What	O
I	O
am	O
saying	O
is	O
that	O
you	O
must	O
be	O
perfect	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
your	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
is	O
perfect	O
.	O


``	O
Be	O
careful	O
!	O


When	O
you	O
do	O
something	O
good	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
others	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
see	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
that	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
no	O
reward	O
from	O
your	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
you	O
give	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
poor	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
announce	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
giving	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
like	O
the	O
hypocrites	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
synagogues	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
streets	O
,	O
they	O
blow	O
trumpets	O
before	O
they	O
give	O
so	O
that	O
people	O
will	O
see	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
everyone	O
to	O
praise	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
all	O
the	O
reward	O
they	O
will	O
get	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
you	O
give	O
to	O
the	O
poor	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
let	O
anyone	O
know	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
doing	O
.	O


Your	O
giving	O
should	O
be	O
done	O
in	O
private	O
.	O


Your	O
Father	O
can	O
see	O
what	O
is	O
done	O
in	O
private	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
reward	O
you	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
you	O
pray	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
like	O
the	O
hypocrites	O
.	O


They	O
love	O
to	O
stand	O
in	O
the	O
synagogues	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
street	O
corners	O
and	O
pray	O
loudly	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
people	O
to	O
see	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
all	O
the	O
reward	O
they	O
will	O
get	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
you	O
pray	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
go	O
into	O
your	O
room	O
and	O
close	O
the	O
door	O
.	O


Then	O
pray	O
to	O
your	O
Father	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
there	O
in	O
that	O
private	O
place	O
.	O


He	O
can	O
see	O
what	O
is	O
done	O
in	O
private	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
reward	O
you	O
.	O


``	O
And	O
when	O
you	O
pray	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
like	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
the	O
same	O
things	O
again	O
and	O
again	O
.	O


They	O
think	O
that	O
if	O
they	O
say	O
it	O
enough	O
,	O
their	O
god	O
will	O
hear	O
them	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
like	O
them	O
.	O


Your	O
Father	O
knows	O
what	O
you	O
need	O
before	O
you	O
ask	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
how	O
you	O
should	O
pray	O
:	O
'	O
Our	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
,	O
we	O
pray	O
that	O
your	O
name	O
will	O
always	O
be	O
kept	O
holy	O
.	O


We	O
pray	O
that	O
your	O
kingdom	O
will	O
come	O
--	O
that	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
will	O
be	O
done	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


Give	O
us	O
the	O
food	O
we	O
need	O
for	O
today	O
.	O


Forgive	O
our	O
sins	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
we	O
have	O
forgiven	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
wrong	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
let	O
us	O
be	O
tempted	O
,	O
but	O
save	O
us	O
from	O
the	O
Evil	O
One	O
.	O
'	O


Yes	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
forgive	O
others	O
for	O
the	O
wrongs	O
they	O
do	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
then	O
your	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
will	O
also	O
forgive	O
your	O
wrongs	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
forgive	O
others	O
,	O
then	O
your	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
will	O
not	O
forgive	O
the	O
wrongs	O
you	O
do	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
you	O
fast	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
make	O
yourselves	O
look	O
sad	O
like	O
the	O
hypocrites	O
.	O


They	O
put	O
a	O
look	O
of	O
suffering	O
on	O
their	O
faces	O
so	O
that	O
people	O
will	O
see	O
they	O
are	O
fasting	O
.	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
all	O
the	O
reward	O
they	O
will	O
get	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
you	O
fast	O
,	O
wash	O
your	O
face	O
and	O
make	O
yourself	O
look	O
nice	O
.	O


Then	O
no	O
one	O
will	O
know	O
you	O
are	O
fasting	O
,	O
except	O
your	O
Father	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
with	O
you	O
even	O
in	O
private	O
.	O


He	O
can	O
see	O
what	O
is	O
done	O
in	O
private	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
reward	O
you	O
.	O


``	O
Do	O
n't	O
save	O
treasures	O
for	O
yourselves	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


Moths	O
and	O
rust	O
will	O
destroy	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
thieves	O
can	O
break	O
into	O
your	O
house	O
and	O
steal	O
them	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
save	O
your	O
treasures	O
in	O
heaven	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
destroyed	O
by	O
moths	O
or	O
rust	O
and	O
where	O
thieves	O
can	O
not	O
break	O
in	O
and	O
steal	O
them	O
.	O


Your	O
heart	O
will	O
be	O
where	O
your	O
treasure	O
is	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
only	O
source	O
of	O
light	O
for	O
the	O
body	O
is	O
the	O
eye	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
people	O
and	O
want	O
to	O
help	O
them	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
full	O
of	O
light	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
people	O
in	O
a	O
selfish	O
way	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
full	O
of	O
darkness	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
the	O
only	O
light	O
you	O
have	O
is	O
really	O
darkness	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
the	O
worst	O
kind	O
of	O
darkness	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
can	O
not	O
serve	O
two	O
masters	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
hate	O
one	O
and	O
love	O
the	O
other	O
,	O
or	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
loyal	O
to	O
one	O
and	O
not	O
care	O
about	O
the	O
other	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
not	O
serve	O
God	O
and	O
Money	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O


``	O
So	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
worry	O
about	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
live	O
--	O
what	O
you	O
will	O
eat	O
,	O
drink	O
,	O
or	O
wear	O
.	O


Life	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
food	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
body	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
what	O
you	O
put	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


Look	O
at	O
the	O
birds	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
plant	O
,	O
harvest	O
,	O
or	O
save	O
food	O
in	O
barns	O
,	O
but	O
your	O
heavenly	O
Father	O
feeds	O
them	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
are	O
worth	O
much	O
more	O
than	O
they	O
are	O
?	O


You	O
can	O
not	O
add	O
any	O
time	O
to	O
your	O
life	O
by	O
worrying	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


``	O
And	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
worry	O
about	O
clothes	O
?	O


Look	O
at	O
the	O
wildflowers	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O


See	O
how	O
they	O
grow	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
work	O
or	O
make	O
clothes	O
for	O
themselves	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
even	O
Solomon	O
,	O
the	O
great	O
and	O
rich	O
king	O
,	O
was	O
not	O
dressed	O
as	O
beautifully	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
flowers	O
.	O


If	O
God	O
makes	O
what	O
grows	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
so	O
beautiful	O
,	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
he	O
will	O
do	O
for	O
you	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
grass	O
--	O
one	O
day	O
it	O
's	O
alive	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
next	O
day	O
someone	O
throws	O
it	O
into	O
a	O
fire	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
cares	O
enough	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
beautiful	O
.	O


Surely	O
he	O
will	O
do	O
much	O
more	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Your	O
faith	O
is	O
so	O
small	O
!	O


``	O
Do	O
n't	O
worry	O
and	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
What	O
will	O
we	O
eat	O
?	O
'	O


or	O
'	O
What	O
will	O
we	O
drink	O
?	O
'	O


or	O
'	O
What	O
will	O
we	O
wear	O
?	O
'	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
those	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
God	O
are	O
always	O
thinking	O
about	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
worry	O
,	O
because	O
your	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
knows	O
that	O
you	O
need	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
should	O
want	O
most	O
is	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
and	O
doing	O
what	O
he	O
wants	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
all	O
these	O
other	O
things	O
you	O
need	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
n't	O
worry	O
about	O
tomorrow	O
.	O


Each	O
day	O
has	O
enough	O
trouble	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
.	O


Tomorrow	O
will	O
have	O
its	O
own	O
worries	O
.	O


``	O
Do	O
n't	O
judge	O
others	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
will	O
not	O
judge	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
judge	O
others	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
judged	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
you	O
judge	O
them	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
treat	O
you	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
you	O
treat	O
others	O
.	O


``	O
Why	O
do	O
you	O
notice	O
the	O
small	O
piece	O
of	O
dust	O
that	O
is	O
in	O
your	O
friend	O
's	O
eye	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
notice	O
the	O
big	O
piece	O
of	O
wood	O
that	O
is	O
in	O
your	O
own	O
?	O


Why	O
do	O
you	O
say	O
to	O
your	O
friend	O
,	O
'	O
Let	O
me	O
take	O
that	O
piece	O
of	O
dust	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
eye	O
'	O
?	O


Look	O
at	O
yourself	O
first	O
!	O


You	O
still	O
have	O
that	O
big	O
piece	O
of	O
wood	O
in	O
your	O
own	O
eye	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
a	O
hypocrite	O
!	O


First	O
,	O
take	O
the	O
wood	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
own	O
eye	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
clearly	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
dust	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
friend	O
's	O
eye	O
.	O


``	O
Do	O
n't	O
give	O
something	O
that	O
is	O
holy	O
to	O
dogs	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
only	O
turn	O
and	O
hurt	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
do	O
n't	O
throw	O
your	O
pearls	O
to	O
pigs	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
only	O
step	O
on	O
them	O
.	O


``	O
Continue	O
to	O
ask	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
will	O
give	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Continue	O
to	O
search	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
find	O
.	O


Continue	O
to	O
knock	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
door	O
will	O
open	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
whoever	O
continues	O
to	O
ask	O
will	O
receive	O
.	O


Whoever	O
continues	O
to	O
look	O
will	O
find	O
.	O


And	O
whoever	O
continues	O
to	O
knock	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
door	O
opened	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


``	O
Do	O
any	O
of	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
son	O
?	O


If	O
he	O
asked	O
for	O
bread	O
,	O
would	O
you	O
give	O
him	O
a	O
rock	O
?	O


Or	O
if	O
he	O
asked	O
for	O
a	O
fish	O
,	O
would	O
you	O
give	O
him	O
a	O
snake	O
?	O


Of	O
course	O
not	O
!	O


You	O
people	O
are	O
so	O
bad	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
still	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
give	O
good	O
things	O
to	O
your	O
children	O
.	O


So	O
surely	O
your	O
heavenly	O
Father	O
will	O
give	O
good	O
things	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
ask	O
him	O
.	O


``	O
Do	O
for	O
others	O
what	O
you	O
would	O
want	O
them	O
to	O
do	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
and	O
the	O
teaching	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
can	O
enter	O
true	O
life	O
only	O
through	O
the	O
narrow	O
gate	O
.	O


The	O
gate	O
to	O
hell	O
is	O
very	O
wide	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
plenty	O
of	O
room	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
that	O
leads	O
there	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
go	O
that	O
way	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
gate	O
that	O
opens	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
true	O
life	O
is	O
narrow	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
road	O
that	O
leads	O
there	O
is	O
hard	O
to	O
follow	O
.	O


Only	O
a	O
few	O
people	O
find	O
it	O
.	O


``	O
Be	O
careful	O
of	O
false	O
prophets	O
.	O


They	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
look	O
gentle	O
like	O
sheep	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
are	O
really	O
dangerous	O
like	O
wolves	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
know	O
these	O
people	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


Good	O
things	O
do	O
n't	O
come	O
from	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
bad	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
grapes	O
do	O
n't	O
come	O
from	O
thornbushes	O
,	O
and	O
figs	O
do	O
n't	O
come	O
from	O
thorny	O
weeds	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
every	O
good	O
tree	O
produces	O
good	O
fruit	O
,	O
and	O
bad	O
trees	O
produce	O
bad	O
fruit	O
.	O


A	O
good	O
tree	O
can	O
not	O
produce	O
bad	O
fruit	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
bad	O
tree	O
can	O
not	O
produce	O
good	O
fruit	O
.	O


Every	O
tree	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
produce	O
good	O
fruit	O
is	O
cut	O
down	O
and	O
thrown	O
into	O
the	O
fire	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
know	O
these	O
false	O
people	O
by	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


``	O
Not	O
everyone	O
who	O
calls	O
me	O
Lord	O
will	O
enter	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
people	O
who	O
will	O
enter	O
are	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
what	O
my	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
wants	O
.	O


On	O
that	O
last	O
Day	O
many	O
will	O
call	O
me	O
Lord	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Lord	O
,	O
Lord	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
your	O
name	O
we	O
spoke	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
by	O
your	O
name	O
we	O
forced	O
out	O
demons	O
and	O
did	O
many	O
miracles	O
.	O
'	O


Then	O
I	O
will	O
tell	O
those	O
people	O
clearly	O
,	O
'	O
Get	O
away	O
from	O
me	O
,	O
you	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
wrong	O
.	O


I	O
never	O
knew	O
you	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Whoever	O
hears	O
these	O
teachings	O
of	O
mine	O
and	O
obeys	O
them	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
wise	O
man	O
who	O
built	O
his	O
house	O
on	O
rock	O
.	O


It	O
rained	O
hard	O
,	O
the	O
floods	O
came	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
winds	O
blew	O
and	O
beat	O
against	O
that	O
house	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
fall	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
built	O
on	O
rock	O
.	O


``	O
Whoever	O
hears	O
these	O
teachings	O
of	O
mine	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
obey	O
them	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
foolish	O
man	O
who	O
built	O
his	O
house	O
on	O
sand	O
.	O


It	O
rained	O
hard	O
,	O
the	O
floods	O
came	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
winds	O
blew	O
and	O
beat	O
against	O
that	O
house	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
fell	O
with	O
a	O
loud	O
crash	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
finished	O
speaking	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
amazed	O
at	O
his	O
teaching	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
teach	O
like	O
their	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


He	O
taught	O
like	O
someone	O
who	O
has	O
authority	O
.	O


Jesus	O
came	O
down	O
from	O
the	O
hill	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
crowd	O
followed	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
a	O
man	O
sick	O
with	O
leprosy	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
bowed	O
down	O
before	O
Jesus	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
heal	O
me	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
touched	O
the	O
man	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
heal	O
you	O
.	O


Be	O
healed	O
!	O
''	O


Immediately	O
the	O
man	O
was	O
healed	O
from	O
his	O
leprosy	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
tell	O
anyone	O
about	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


But	O
go	O
and	O
let	O
the	O
priest	O
look	O
at	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
offer	O
the	O
gift	O
that	O
Moses	O
commanded	O
for	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
made	O
well	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
show	O
everyone	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
healed	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Capernaum	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
entered	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
an	O
army	O
officer	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
begged	O
for	O
help	O
.	O


The	O
officer	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
my	O
servant	O
is	O
very	O
sick	O
at	O
home	O
in	O
bed	O
.	O


He	O
ca	O
n't	O
move	O
his	O
body	O
and	O
has	O
much	O
pain	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
officer	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
go	O
and	O
heal	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
officer	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
good	O
enough	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
come	O
into	O
my	O
house	O
.	O


You	O
need	O
only	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
order	O
,	O
and	O
my	O
servant	O
will	O
be	O
healed	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
this	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
understand	O
authority	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
authority	O
over	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
have	O
soldiers	O
under	O
my	O
authority	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
one	O
soldier	O
,	O
'	O
Go	O
,	O
'	O
and	O
he	O
goes	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
another	O
soldier	O
,	O
'	O
Come	O
,	O
'	O
and	O
he	O
comes	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
to	O
my	O
servant	O
,	O
'	O
Do	O
this	O
,	O
'	O
and	O
my	O
servant	O
obeys	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
amazed	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
with	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
this	O
man	O
has	O
more	O
faith	O
than	O
anyone	O
I	O
have	O
found	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
Israel	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
east	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
west	O
.	O


These	O
people	O
will	O
sit	O
and	O
eat	O
with	O
Abraham	O
,	O
Isaac	O
,	O
and	O
Jacob	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


And	O
those	O
who	O
should	O
have	O
the	O
kingdom	O
will	O
be	O
thrown	O
out	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
thrown	O
outside	O
into	O
the	O
darkness	O
,	O
where	O
people	O
will	O
cry	O
and	O
grind	O
their	O
teeth	O
with	O
pain	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
officer	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
home	O
.	O


Your	O
servant	O
will	O
be	O
healed	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
believed	O
he	O
would	O
.	O
''	O


Right	O
then	O
his	O
servant	O
was	O
healed	O
.	O


Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
Peter	O
's	O
house	O
.	O


He	O
saw	O
that	O
Peter	O
's	O
mother	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
was	O
in	O
bed	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
fever	O
.	O


He	O
touched	O
her	O
hand	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
fever	O
left	O
her	O
.	O


Then	O
she	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
began	O
to	O
serve	O
him	O
.	O


That	O
evening	O
people	O
brought	O
to	O
Jesus	O
many	O
people	O
who	O
had	O
demons	O
inside	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
spoke	O
and	O
the	O
demons	O
left	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
healed	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
sick	O
.	O


So	O
Jesus	O
made	O
clear	O
the	O
full	O
meaning	O
of	O
what	O
Isaiah	O
the	O
prophet	O
said	O
:	O
``	O
He	O
took	O
away	O
our	O
diseases	O
and	O
carried	O
away	O
our	O
sicknesses	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
saw	O
the	O
crowd	O
around	O
him	O
,	O
he	O
told	O
his	O
followers	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


Then	O
a	O
teacher	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O


Teacher	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
follow	O
you	O
any	O
place	O
you	O
go	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
foxes	O
have	O
holes	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
.	O


The	O
birds	O
have	O
nests	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
has	O
no	O
place	O
to	O
rest	O
.	O
''	O


Another	O
of	O
Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
follow	O
you	O
too	O
,	O
but	O
let	O
me	O
go	O
and	O
bury	O
my	O
father	O
first	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Follow	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
let	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
dead	O
bury	O
their	O
own	O
dead	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
got	O
into	O
a	O
boat	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
went	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
boat	O
left	O
the	O
shore	O
,	O
a	O
very	O
bad	O
storm	O
began	O
on	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


The	O
waves	O
covered	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
was	O
sleeping	O
.	O


The	O
followers	O
went	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
woke	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
save	O
us	O
!	O


We	O
will	O
drown	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
afraid	O
?	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
enough	O
faith	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
gave	O
a	O
command	O
to	O
the	O
wind	O
and	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


The	O
wind	O
stopped	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
lake	O
became	O
very	O
calm	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
were	O
amazed	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
kind	O
of	O
man	O
is	O
this	O
?	O


Even	O
the	O
wind	O
and	O
the	O
water	O
obey	O
him	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
arrived	O
at	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
lake	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
the	O
Gadarene	O
people	O
.	O


There	O
,	O
two	O
men	O
who	O
had	O
demons	O
inside	O
them	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
lived	O
in	O
the	O
burial	O
caves	O
and	O
were	O
so	O
dangerous	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
could	O
use	O
the	O
road	O
by	O
those	O
caves	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
with	O
us	O
,	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
?	O


Did	O
you	O
come	O
here	O
to	O
punish	O
us	O
before	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
?	O
''	O


Near	O
that	O
place	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
large	O
herd	O
of	O
pigs	O
feeding	O
.	O


The	O
demons	O
begged	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
make	O
us	O
leave	O
these	O
men	O
,	O
please	O
send	O
us	O
into	O
that	O
herd	O
of	O
pigs	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
!	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
demons	O
left	O
the	O
men	O
and	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
pigs	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
whole	O
herd	O
of	O
pigs	O
ran	O
down	O
the	O
hill	O
into	O
the	O
lake	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
were	O
drowned	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
who	O
had	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
caring	O
for	O
the	O
pigs	O
ran	O
away	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
into	O
town	O
and	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
everything	O
that	O
happened	O
,	O
especially	O
about	O
the	O
men	O
who	O
had	O
the	O
demons	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
whole	O
town	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
see	O
Jesus	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
people	O
saw	O
him	O
,	O
they	O
begged	O
him	O
to	O
leave	O
their	O
area	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
finished	O
these	O
instructions	O
for	O
his	O
twelve	O
followers	O
,	O
he	O
left	O
there	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
towns	O
in	O
Galilee	O
to	O
teach	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
tell	O
them	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
.	O


When	O
John	O
was	O
in	O
prison	O
,	O
he	O
heard	O
about	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
were	O
happening	O
--	O
things	O
the	O
Christ	O
would	O
do	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
sent	O
some	O
of	O
his	O
followers	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Are	O
you	O
the	O
one	O
we	O
have	O
been	O
expecting	O
,	O
or	O
should	O
we	O
wait	O
for	O
someone	O
else	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
tell	O
John	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
heard	O
and	O
seen	O
:	O
The	O
blind	O
can	O
see	O
.	O


The	O
crippled	O
can	O
walk	O
.	O


People	O
with	O
leprosy	O
are	O
healed	O
.	O


The	O
deaf	O
can	O
hear	O
.	O


The	O
dead	O
are	O
brought	O
back	O
to	O
life	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
is	O
being	O
told	O
to	O
the	O
poor	O
.	O


Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
problem	O
accepting	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
John	O
's	O
followers	O
left	O
,	O
Jesus	O
began	O
talking	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
about	O
John	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
did	O
you	O
people	O
go	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
desert	O
to	O
see	O
?	O


Someone	O
who	O
is	O
weak	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
stem	O
of	O
grass	O
blowing	O
in	O
the	O
wind	O
?	O


Really	O
,	O
what	O
did	O
you	O
expect	O
to	O
see	O
?	O


Someone	O
dressed	O
in	O
fine	O
clothes	O
?	O


Of	O
course	O
not	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
wear	O
fine	O
clothes	O
are	O
all	O
in	O
kings	O
'	O
palaces	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
did	O
you	O
go	O
out	O
to	O
see	O
?	O


A	O
prophet	O
?	O


Yes	O
,	O
John	O
is	O
a	O
prophet	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
more	O
than	O
that	O
.	O


This	O
Scripture	O
was	O
written	O
about	O
him	O
:	O
'	O
Listen	O
!	O


I	O
will	O
send	O
my	O
messenger	O
ahead	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
prepare	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
you	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
truth	O
is	O
that	O
John	O
the	O
Baptizer	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
anyone	O
who	O
has	O
ever	O
come	O
into	O
this	O
world	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
the	O
least	O
important	O
person	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
John	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
time	O
John	O
the	O
Baptizer	O
came	O
until	O
now	O
,	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
has	O
been	O
going	O
forward	O
strongly	O
.	O


And	O
people	O
have	O
been	O
trying	O
to	O
take	O
control	O
of	O
it	O
by	O
force	O
.	O


Before	O
John	O
came	O
,	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
prophets	O
told	O
about	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
would	O
happen	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
believe	O
what	O
they	O
said	O
,	O
then	O
John	O
is	O
Elijah	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
they	O
said	O
would	O
come	O
.	O


You	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
me	O
,	O
listen	O
!	O


``	O
What	O
can	O
I	O
say	O
about	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
live	O
today	O
?	O


What	O
are	O
they	O
like	O
?	O


The	O
people	O
today	O
are	O
like	O
children	O
sitting	O
in	O
the	O
marketplace	O
.	O


One	O
group	O
of	O
children	O
calls	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
group	O
,	O
'	O
We	O
played	O
flute	O
music	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
dance	O
;	O
we	O
sang	O
a	O
funeral	O
song	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
were	O
not	O
sad	O
.	O
'	O


Why	O
do	O
I	O
say	O
people	O
are	O
like	O
that	O
?	O


Because	O
John	O
came	O
,	O
not	O
eating	O
like	O
other	O
people	O
or	O
drinking	O
wine	O
,	O
and	O
people	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
He	O
has	O
a	O
demon	O
inside	O
him	O
.	O
'	O


The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
came	O
eating	O
and	O
drinking	O
,	O
and	O
people	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Look	O
at	O
him	O
!	O


He	O
eats	O
too	O
much	O
and	O
drinks	O
too	O
much	O
wine	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
a	O
friend	O
of	O
tax	O
collectors	O
and	O
other	O
sinners	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
wisdom	O
is	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
right	O
by	O
what	O
it	O
does	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
criticized	O
the	O
cities	O
where	O
he	O
did	O
most	O
of	O
his	O
miracles	O
.	O


He	O
criticized	O
these	O
cities	O
because	O
the	O
people	O
there	O
did	O
not	O
change	O
their	O
lives	O
and	O
stop	O
sinning	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
you	O
Chorazin	O
!	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
you	O
Bethsaida	O
!	O


I	O
did	O
many	O
miracles	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
these	O
same	O
miracles	O
had	O
happened	O
in	O
Tyre	O
and	O
Sidon	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
there	O
would	O
have	O
changed	O
their	O
lives	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
ago	O
.	O


They	O
would	O
have	O
worn	O
sackcloth	O
and	O
put	O
ashes	O
on	O
themselves	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
sorry	O
for	O
their	O
sins	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
judgment	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
worse	O
for	O
you	O
than	O
for	O
Tyre	O
and	O
Sidon	O
.	O


``	O
And	O
you	O
,	O
Capernaum	O
,	O
will	O
you	O
be	O
lifted	O
up	O
to	O
heaven	O
?	O


No	O
!	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
thrown	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
place	O
of	O
death	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
many	O
miracles	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
these	O
same	O
miracles	O
had	O
happened	O
in	O
Sodom	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
there	O
would	O
have	O
stopped	O
sinning	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
would	O
still	O
be	O
a	O
city	O
today	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
worse	O
for	O
you	O
in	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
judgment	O
than	O
for	O
Sodom	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
praise	O
you	O
,	O
Father	O
,	O
Lord	O
of	O
heaven	O
and	O
earth	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
thankful	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
hidden	O
these	O
things	O
from	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
so	O
wise	O
and	O
so	O
smart	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
have	O
shown	O
them	O
to	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
like	O
little	O
children	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
Father	O
,	O
you	O
did	O
this	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
what	O
you	O
really	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


``	O
My	O
Father	O
has	O
given	O
me	O
everything	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
knows	O
the	O
Son	O
--	O
only	O
the	O
Father	O
knows	O
the	O
Son	O
.	O


And	O
no	O
one	O
knows	O
the	O
Father	O
--	O
only	O
the	O
Son	O
knows	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
only	O
people	O
who	O
will	O
know	O
about	O
the	O
Father	O
are	O
those	O
the	O
Son	O
chooses	O
to	O
tell	O
.	O


``	O
Come	O
to	O
me	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
who	O
are	O
tired	O
from	O
the	O
heavy	O
burden	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
forced	O
to	O
carry	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
rest	O
.	O


Accept	O
my	O
teaching	O
.	O


Learn	O
from	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
gentle	O
and	O
humble	O
in	O
spirit	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
some	O
rest	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
the	O
teaching	O
that	O
I	O
ask	O
you	O
to	O
accept	O
is	O
easy	O
.	O


The	O
load	O
I	O
give	O
you	O
to	O
carry	O
is	O
light	O
.	O
''	O


About	O
that	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
Jesus	O
was	O
walking	O
through	O
the	O
fields	O
of	O
grain	O
on	O
a	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O


His	O
followers	O
were	O
with	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
hungry	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
began	O
to	O
pick	O
the	O
grain	O
and	O
eat	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
Pharisees	O
saw	O
this	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
!	O


Your	O
followers	O
are	O
doing	O
something	O
that	O
is	O
against	O
the	O
law	O
to	O
do	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
have	O
read	O
what	O
David	O
did	O
when	O
he	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
him	O
were	O
hungry	O
.	O


David	O
went	O
into	O
God	O
's	O
house	O
.	O


He	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
him	O
ate	O
the	O
bread	O
that	O
was	O
offered	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
against	O
the	O
law	O
for	O
David	O
or	O
those	O
with	O
him	O
to	O
eat	O
that	O
bread	O
.	O


Only	O
the	O
priests	O
were	O
allowed	O
to	O
eat	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
have	O
read	O
in	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
that	O
on	O
every	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
the	O
priests	O
at	O
the	O
Temple	O
break	O
the	O
law	O
about	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
wrong	O
for	O
doing	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
something	O
here	O
that	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
animal	O
sacrifices	O
;	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
show	O
kindness	O
to	O
people	O
.	O
'	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
know	O
what	O
that	O
means	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
understood	O
it	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
not	O
judge	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
done	O
nothing	O
wrong	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
is	O
Lord	O
over	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
went	O
from	O
there	O
to	O
their	O
synagogue	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
synagogue	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
with	O
a	O
crippled	O
hand	O
.	O


Some	O
Jews	O
there	O
were	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
reason	O
to	O
accuse	O
Jesus	O
of	O
doing	O
wrong	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
asked	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Is	O
it	O
right	O
to	O
heal	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
any	O
of	O
you	O
has	O
a	O
sheep	O
and	O
it	O
falls	O
into	O
a	O
ditch	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
take	O
the	O
sheep	O
and	O
help	O
it	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
ditch	O
.	O


Surely	O
a	O
man	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
a	O
sheep	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
is	O
right	O
to	O
do	O
good	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
man	O
with	O
the	O
crippled	O
hand	O
,	O
``	O
Hold	O
out	O
your	O
hand	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
man	O
held	O
out	O
his	O
hand	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
became	O
well	O
again	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
left	O
and	O
made	O
plans	O
to	O
kill	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Jesus	O
knew	O
what	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
were	O
planning	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
left	O
that	O
place	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
people	O
followed	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
healed	O
all	O
who	O
were	O
sick	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
warned	O
them	O
not	O
to	O
tell	O
others	O
who	O
he	O
was	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
to	O
give	O
full	O
meaning	O
to	O
what	O
Isaiah	O
the	O
prophet	O
said	O
when	O
he	O
spoke	O
for	O
God	O
:	O
``	O
Here	O
is	O
my	O
servant	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
I	O
have	O
chosen	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
I	O
love	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
very	O
pleased	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
fill	O
him	O
with	O
my	O
Spirit	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
bring	O
justice	O
to	O
the	O
nations	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
not	O
argue	O
or	O
shout	O
;	O
no	O
one	O
will	O
hear	O
his	O
voice	O
in	O
the	O
streets	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
not	O
break	O
off	O
even	O
a	O
bent	O
stem	O
of	O
grass	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
not	O
put	O
out	O
even	O
the	O
weakest	O
flame	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
not	O
give	O
up	O
until	O
he	O
has	O
made	O
justice	O
victorious	O
.	O


All	O
people	O
will	O
hope	O
in	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
some	O
people	O
brought	O
a	O
man	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


This	O
man	O
was	O
blind	O
and	O
could	O
not	O
talk	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
a	O
demon	O
inside	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
healed	O
the	O
man	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
could	O
talk	O
and	O
see	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
amazed	O
at	O
what	O
Jesus	O
did	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Maybe	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
promised	O
Son	O
of	O
David	O
!	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
,	O
``	O


This	O
man	O
uses	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
Satan	O
to	O
force	O
demons	O
out	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


Satan	O
is	O
the	O
ruler	O
of	O
demons	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
knew	O
what	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
were	O
thinking	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Every	O
kingdom	O
that	O
fights	O
against	O
itself	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
.	O


And	O
every	O
city	O
or	O
family	O
that	O
is	O
divided	O
against	O
itself	O
will	O
not	O
survive	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
Satan	O
forces	O
out	O
his	O
own	O
demons	O
,	O
then	O
he	O
is	O
fighting	O
against	O
himself	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
kingdom	O
will	O
not	O
survive	O
.	O


You	O
say	O
that	O
I	O
use	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
Satan	O
to	O
force	O
out	O
demons	O
.	O


If	O
that	O
is	O
true	O
,	O
then	O
what	O
power	O
do	O
your	O
people	O
use	O
when	O
they	O
force	O
out	O
demons	O
?	O


So	O
your	O
own	O
people	O
will	O
prove	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
wrong	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
use	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
Spirit	O
to	O
force	O
out	O
demons	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
shows	O
that	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
has	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Whoever	O
wants	O
to	O
enter	O
a	O
strong	O
man	O
's	O
house	O
and	O
steal	O
his	O
things	O
must	O
first	O
tie	O
him	O
up	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
can	O
steal	O
the	O
things	O
from	O
his	O
house	O
.	O


Whoever	O
is	O
not	O
with	O
me	O
is	O
against	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
anyone	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
work	O
with	O
me	O
is	O
working	O
against	O
me	O
.	O


``	O
So	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
people	O
can	O
be	O
forgiven	O
for	O
every	O
sinful	O
thing	O
they	O
do	O
and	O
for	O
every	O
bad	O
thing	O
they	O
say	O
against	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
anyone	O
who	O
speaks	O
against	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
forgiven	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
even	O
speak	O
against	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
and	O
be	O
forgiven	O
.	O


But	O
anyone	O
who	O
speaks	O
against	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
forgiven	O
--	O
not	O
now	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
you	O
want	O
good	O
fruit	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
make	O
the	O
tree	O
good	O
.	O


If	O
your	O
tree	O
is	O
not	O
good	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
have	O
bad	O
fruit	O
.	O


A	O
tree	O
is	O
known	O
by	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
fruit	O
it	O
produces	O
.	O


You	O
snakes	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
so	O
evil	O
.	O


How	O
can	O
you	O
say	O
anything	O
good	O
?	O


What	O
people	O
say	O
with	O
their	O
mouths	O
comes	O
from	O
what	O
fills	O
their	O
hearts	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
are	O
good	O
have	O
good	O
things	O
saved	O
in	O
their	O
hearts	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
they	O
say	O
good	O
things	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
evil	O
have	O
hearts	O
full	O
of	O
evil	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
they	O
say	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
evil	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
everyone	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
answer	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
careless	O
things	O
they	O
have	O
said	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
happen	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
judgment	O
.	O


Your	O
words	O
will	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
judge	O
you	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
have	O
said	O
will	O
show	O
whether	O
you	O
are	O
right	O
or	O
whether	O
you	O
are	O
guilty	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
answered	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
do	O
a	O
miracle	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
from	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Evil	O
and	O
sinful	O
people	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
a	O
miracle	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
.	O


But	O
no	O
miracle	O
will	O
be	O
done	O
to	O
prove	O
anything	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
sign	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
miracle	O
that	O
happened	O
to	O
the	O
prophet	O
Jonah	O
.	O


Jonah	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
stomach	O
of	O
the	O
big	O
fish	O
for	O
three	O
days	O
and	O
three	O
nights	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
grave	O
three	O
days	O
and	O
three	O
nights	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
judgment	O
day	O
,	O
you	O
people	O
who	O
live	O
now	O
will	O
be	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
people	O
from	O
Nineveh	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
witnesses	O
who	O
show	O
how	O
guilty	O
you	O
are	O
.	O


Why	O
do	O
I	O
say	O
this	O
?	O


Because	O
when	O
Jonah	O
preached	O
to	O
those	O
people	O
,	O
they	O
changed	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
are	O
listening	O
to	O
someone	O
greater	O
than	O
Jonah	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
refuse	O
to	O
change	O
!	O


``	O
On	O
the	O
judgment	O
day	O
,	O
you	O
people	O
who	O
live	O
now	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
Queen	O
of	O
the	O
South	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
witness	O
who	O
shows	O
how	O
guilty	O
you	O
are	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
she	O
traveled	O
from	O
far	O
,	O
far	O
away	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
Solomon	O
's	O
wise	O
teaching	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
someone	O
greater	O
than	O
Solomon	O
is	O
right	O
here	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
listen	O
!	O


``	O
When	O
an	O
evil	O
spirit	O
comes	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
person	O
,	O
it	O
travels	O
through	O
dry	O
places	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
place	O
to	O
rest	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
finds	O
none	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
says	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
will	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
home	O
I	O
left	O
.	O
'	O


When	O
it	O
comes	O
back	O
,	O
it	O
finds	O
that	O
home	O
still	O
empty	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
all	O
neat	O
and	O
clean	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
evil	O
spirit	O
goes	O
out	O
and	O
brings	O
seven	O
other	O
spirits	O
more	O
evil	O
than	O
itself	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
go	O
and	O
live	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
person	O
has	O
even	O
more	O
trouble	O
than	O
before	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
with	O
the	O
evil	O
people	O
who	O
live	O
today	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
Jesus	O
was	O
talking	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
his	O
mother	O
and	O
brothers	O
stood	O
outside	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


Someone	O
told	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Your	O
mother	O
and	O
brothers	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
you	O
outside	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
is	O
my	O
mother	O
?	O


Who	O
are	O
my	O
brothers	O
?	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
pointed	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
See	O
!	O


These	O
people	O
are	O
my	O
mother	O
and	O
my	O
brothers	O
.	O


My	O
true	O
brother	O
and	O
sister	O
and	O
mother	O
is	O
anyone	O
who	O
does	O
what	O
my	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
wants	O
.	O
''	O


That	O
same	O
day	O
Jesus	O
went	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
house	O
and	O
sat	O
by	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


A	O
large	O
crowd	O
gathered	O
around	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
got	O
into	O
a	O
boat	O
and	O
sat	O
down	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
stayed	O
on	O
the	O
shore	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
used	O
stories	O
to	O
teach	O
them	O
many	O
things	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
them	O
this	O
story	O
:	O
``	O
A	O
farmer	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
sow	O
seed	O
.	O


While	O
he	O
was	O
scattering	O
the	O
seed	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
it	O
fell	O
by	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


The	O
birds	O
came	O
and	O
ate	O
all	O
that	O
seed	O
.	O


Other	O
seed	O
fell	O
on	O
rocky	O
ground	O
,	O
where	O
there	O
was	O
not	O
enough	O
dirt	O
.	O


It	O
grew	O
very	O
fast	O
there	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
soil	O
was	O
not	O
deep	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
sun	O
rose	O
,	O
it	O
burned	O
the	O
plants	O
.	O


The	O
plants	O
died	O
because	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
deep	O
roots	O
.	O


Some	O
other	O
seed	O
fell	O
among	O
thorny	O
weeds	O
.	O


The	O
weeds	O
grew	O
and	O
stopped	O
the	O
good	O
plants	O
from	O
growing	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
seed	O
fell	O
on	O
good	O
ground	O
.	O


There	O
it	O
grew	O
and	O
made	O
grain	O
.	O


Some	O
plants	O
made	O
100	O
times	O
more	O
grain	O
,	O
some	O
60	O
times	O
more	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
30	O
times	O
more	O
.	O


You	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
me	O
,	O
listen	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
do	O
you	O
use	O
these	O
stories	O
to	O
teach	O
the	O
people	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Only	O
you	O
can	O
know	O
the	O
secret	O
truths	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


Those	O
other	O
people	O
can	O
not	O
know	O
these	O
secret	O
truths	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
some	O
understanding	O
will	O
be	O
given	O
more	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
will	O
have	O
even	O
more	O
than	O
they	O
need	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
much	O
understanding	O
will	O
lose	O
even	O
the	O
little	O
understanding	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
use	O
these	O
stories	O
to	O
teach	O
the	O
people	O
:	O
They	O
see	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
see	O
.	O


They	O
hear	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
hear	O
or	O
understand	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
show	O
that	O
what	O
Isaiah	O
said	O
about	O
them	O
is	O
true	O
:	O
'	O
You	O
people	O
will	O
listen	O
and	O
listen	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
understand	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
look	O
and	O
look	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
really	O
see	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
the	O
minds	O
of	O
these	O
people	O
are	O
now	O
closed	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
ears	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
listen	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
eyes	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
refuse	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


If	O
their	O
minds	O
were	O
not	O
closed	O
,	O
they	O
might	O
see	O
with	O
their	O
eyes	O
;	O
they	O
might	O
hear	O
with	O
their	O
ears	O
;	O
they	O
might	O
understand	O
with	O
their	O
minds	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
might	O
turn	O
back	O
to	O
me	O
and	O
be	O
healed	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
God	O
has	O
blessed	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
understand	O
what	O
you	O
see	O
with	O
your	O
eyes	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
understand	O
what	O
you	O
hear	O
with	O
your	O
ears	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
assure	O
you	O
,	O
many	O
prophets	O
and	O
godly	O
people	O
wanted	O
to	O
see	O
what	O
you	O
now	O
see	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
see	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
many	O
prophets	O
and	O
godly	O
people	O
wanted	O
to	O
hear	O
what	O
you	O
now	O
hear	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
hear	O
it	O
.	O


``	O
So	O
listen	O
to	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
that	O
story	O
about	O
the	O
farmer	O
:	O
``	O
What	O
about	O
the	O
seed	O
that	O
fell	O
by	O
the	O
path	O
?	O


That	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
the	O
teaching	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
but	O
do	O
not	O
understand	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
Evil	O
One	O
comes	O
and	O
takes	O
away	O
what	O
was	O
planted	O
in	O
their	O
hearts	O
.	O


``	O
And	O
what	O
about	O
the	O
seed	O
that	O
fell	O
on	O
rocky	O
ground	O
?	O


That	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
the	O
teaching	O
and	O
quickly	O
and	O
gladly	O
accept	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
let	O
the	O
teaching	O
go	O
deep	O
into	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


They	O
keep	O
it	O
only	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
.	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
trouble	O
or	O
persecution	O
comes	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
teaching	O
they	O
accepted	O
,	O
they	O
give	O
up	O
.	O


``	O
And	O
what	O
about	O
the	O
seed	O
that	O
fell	O
among	O
the	O
thorny	O
weeds	O
?	O


That	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
the	O
teaching	O
but	O
let	O
worries	O
about	O
this	O
life	O
and	O
love	O
for	O
money	O
stop	O
it	O
from	O
growing	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
produce	O
a	O
crop	O
in	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
what	O
about	O
the	O
seed	O
that	O
fell	O
on	O
the	O
good	O
ground	O
?	O


That	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
the	O
teaching	O
and	O
understand	O
it	O
.	O


They	O
grow	O
and	O
produce	O
a	O
good	O
crop	O
,	O
sometimes	O
100	O
times	O
more	O
,	O
sometimes	O
60	O
times	O
more	O
,	O
and	O
sometimes	O
30	O
times	O
more	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
used	O
another	O
story	O
to	O
teach	O
them	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
planted	O
good	O
seed	O
in	O
his	O
field	O
.	O


That	O
night	O
,	O
while	O
everyone	O
was	O
asleep	O
,	O
the	O
man	O
's	O
enemy	O
came	O
and	O
planted	O
weeds	O
among	O
the	O
wheat	O
and	O
then	O
left	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
the	O
wheat	O
grew	O
,	O
and	O
heads	O
of	O
grain	O
grew	O
on	O
the	O
plants	O
.	O


But	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
the	O
weeds	O
also	O
grew	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
man	O
's	O
servants	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
planted	O
good	O
seed	O
in	O
your	O
field	O
.	O


Where	O
did	O
the	O
weeds	O
come	O
from	O
?	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
man	O
answered	O
,	O
'	O
An	O
enemy	O
planted	O
weeds	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
servants	O
asked	O
,	O
'	O
Do	O
you	O
want	O
us	O
to	O
go	O
and	O
pull	O
up	O
the	O
weeds	O
?	O
'	O


``	O
He	O
answered	O
,	O
'	O
No	O
,	O
because	O
when	O
you	O
pull	O
up	O
the	O
weeds	O
,	O
you	O
might	O
also	O
pull	O
up	O
the	O
wheat	O
.	O


Let	O
the	O
weeds	O
and	O
the	O
wheat	O
grow	O
together	O
until	O
the	O
harvest	O
time	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
harvest	O
time	O
I	O
will	O
tell	O
the	O
workers	O
this	O
:	O
First	O
,	O
gather	O
the	O
weeds	O
and	O
tie	O
them	O
together	O
to	O
be	O
burned	O
.	O


Then	O
gather	O
the	O
wheat	O
and	O
bring	O
it	O
to	O
my	O
barn	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
another	O
story	O
:	O
``	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
mustard	O
seed	O
that	O
a	O
man	O
plants	O
in	O
his	O
field	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
smallest	O
of	O
all	O
seeds	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
it	O
grows	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
largest	O
of	O
all	O
garden	O
plants	O
.	O


It	O
becomes	O
a	O
tree	O
big	O
enough	O
for	O
the	O
birds	O
to	O
come	O
and	O
make	O
nests	O
in	O
its	O
branches	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
told	O
them	O
another	O
story	O
:	O
``	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
like	O
yeast	O
that	O
a	O
woman	O
mixes	O
into	O
a	O
big	O
bowl	O
of	O
flour	O
to	O
make	O
bread	O
.	O


The	O
yeast	O
makes	O
all	O
the	O
dough	O
rise	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
used	O
stories	O
to	O
tell	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
always	O
used	O
stories	O
to	O
teach	O
them	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
to	O
make	O
clear	O
the	O
full	O
meaning	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
prophet	O
said	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
speak	O
using	O
stories	O
;	O
I	O
will	O
tell	O
things	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
secrets	O
since	O
the	O
world	O
was	O
made	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
left	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


His	O
followers	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Explain	O
to	O
us	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
the	O
story	O
about	O
the	O
weeds	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
man	O
who	O
planted	O
the	O
good	O
seed	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
is	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
.	O


The	O
field	O
is	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
good	O
seed	O
are	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


The	O
weeds	O
are	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
Evil	O
One	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
enemy	O
who	O
planted	O
the	O
bad	O
seed	O
is	O
the	O
devil	O
.	O


The	O
harvest	O
is	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
time	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
workers	O
who	O
gather	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
angels	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
weeds	O
are	O
pulled	O
up	O
and	O
burned	O
in	O
the	O
fire	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
same	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
time	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
will	O
send	O
his	O
angels	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
find	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
cause	O
sin	O
and	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
evil	O
.	O


The	O
angels	O
will	O
take	O
those	O
people	O
out	O
of	O
his	O
kingdom	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
throw	O
them	O
into	O
the	O
place	O
of	O
fire	O
.	O


There	O
the	O
people	O
will	O
be	O
crying	O
and	O
grinding	O
their	O
teeth	O
with	O
pain	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
godly	O
people	O
will	O
shine	O
like	O
the	O
sun	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
kingdom	O
of	O
their	O
Father	O
.	O


You	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
me	O
,	O
listen	O
!	O


``	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
treasure	O
hidden	O
in	O
a	O
field	O
.	O


One	O
day	O
a	O
man	O
found	O
the	O
treasure	O
.	O


He	O
hid	O
it	O
again	O
and	O
was	O
so	O
happy	O
that	O
he	O
went	O
and	O
sold	O
everything	O
he	O
owned	O
and	O
bought	O
the	O
field	O
.	O


``	O
Also	O
,	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
merchant	O
looking	O
for	O
fine	O
pearls	O
.	O


One	O
day	O
he	O
found	O
a	O
very	O
fine	O
pearl	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
and	O
sold	O
everything	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
buy	O
it	O
.	O


``	O
Also	O
,	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
net	O
that	O
was	O
put	O
into	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


The	O
net	O
caught	O
many	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
fish	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
full	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
fishermen	O
pulled	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
shore	O
.	O


They	O
sat	O
down	O
and	O
put	O
all	O
the	O
good	O
fish	O
in	O
baskets	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
threw	O
away	O
the	O
bad	O
fish	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
same	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
time	O
.	O


The	O
angels	O
will	O
come	O
and	O
separate	O
the	O
evil	O
people	O
from	O
the	O
godly	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
throw	O
the	O
evil	O
people	O
into	O
the	O
place	O
of	O
fire	O
.	O


There	O
the	O
people	O
will	O
cry	O
and	O
grind	O
their	O
teeth	O
with	O
pain	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
asked	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
understand	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
we	O
understand	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
So	O
every	O
teacher	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
who	O
has	O
learned	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
has	O
some	O
new	O
things	O
to	O
teach	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
a	O
house	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
new	O
things	O
and	O
old	O
things	O
saved	O
in	O
that	O
house	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
brings	O
out	O
the	O
new	O
with	O
the	O
old	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
finished	O
teaching	O
with	O
these	O
stories	O
,	O
he	O
left	O
there	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
town	O
where	O
he	O
grew	O
up	O
.	O


He	O
taught	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
synagogue	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
amazed	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Where	O
did	O
this	O
man	O
get	O
such	O
wisdom	O
and	O
this	O
power	O
to	O
do	O
miracles	O
?	O


Is	O
n't	O
he	O
just	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
the	O
carpenter	O
we	O
know	O
?	O


Is	O
n't	O
his	O
mother	O
's	O
name	O
Mary	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
n't	O
his	O
brothers	O
James	O
,	O
Joseph	O
,	O
Simon	O
,	O
and	O
Judas	O
?	O


And	O
do	O
n't	O
all	O
his	O
sisters	O
still	O
live	O
here	O
in	O
town	O
?	O


How	O
is	O
he	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
these	O
things	O
?	O
''	O


So	O
they	O
had	O
a	O
problem	O
accepting	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
People	O
everywhere	O
give	O
honor	O
to	O
a	O
prophet	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
town	O
or	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
home	O
a	O
prophet	O
does	O
not	O
get	O
any	O
honor	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
did	O
not	O
do	O
many	O
miracles	O
there	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
people	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


About	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
Herod	O
,	O
the	O
ruler	O
of	O
Galilee	O
,	O
heard	O
what	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
saying	O
about	O
Jesus	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
servants	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
man	O
is	O
really	O
John	O
the	O
Baptizer	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
have	O
risen	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
why	O
he	O
can	O
do	O
these	O
miracles	O
.	O
''	O


Before	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
Herod	O
had	O
arrested	O
John	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
him	O
chained	O
and	O
put	O
in	O
prison	O
.	O


He	O
arrested	O
John	O
because	O
of	O
Herodias	O
,	O
the	O
wife	O
of	O
Philip	O
,	O
Herod	O
's	O
brother	O
.	O


John	O
had	O
told	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
not	O
right	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
married	O
to	O
Herodias	O
.	O
''	O


Herod	O
wanted	O
to	O
kill	O
him	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
was	O
afraid	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
believed	O
that	O
John	O
was	O
a	O
prophet	O
.	O


On	O
Herod	O
's	O
birthday	O
,	O
the	O
daughter	O
of	O
Herodias	O
danced	O
for	O
him	O
and	O
his	O
group	O
.	O


Herod	O
was	O
very	O
pleased	O
with	O
her	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
promised	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
give	O
her	O
anything	O
she	O
wanted	O
.	O


Herodias	O
told	O
her	O
daughter	O
what	O
to	O
ask	O
for	O
.	O


So	O
she	O
said	O
to	O
Herod	O
,	O
``	O
Give	O
me	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
John	O
the	O
Baptizer	O
here	O
on	O
this	O
plate	O
.	O
''	O


King	O
Herod	O
was	O
very	O
sad	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
had	O
promised	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
daughter	O
anything	O
she	O
wanted	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
people	O
eating	O
with	O
Herod	O
had	O
heard	O
his	O
promise	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
ordered	O
what	O
she	O
asked	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
.	O


He	O
sent	O
men	O
to	O
the	O
prison	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
cut	O
off	O
John	O
's	O
head	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
men	O
brought	O
John	O
's	O
head	O
on	O
a	O
plate	O
and	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
girl	O
.	O


Then	O
she	O
took	O
the	O
head	O
to	O
her	O
mother	O
,	O
Herodias	O
.	O


John	O
's	O
followers	O
came	O
and	O
got	O
his	O
body	O
and	O
buried	O
it	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
went	O
and	O
told	O
Jesus	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
heard	O
what	O
happened	O
to	O
John	O
,	O
he	O
left	O
in	O
a	O
boat	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
alone	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
no	O
one	O
lived	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
people	O
heard	O
that	O
Jesus	O
had	O
left	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
left	O
their	O
towns	O
and	O
followed	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
by	O
land	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
place	O
he	O
went	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
got	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
boat	O
,	O
he	O
saw	O
a	O
large	O
crowd	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
felt	O
sorry	O
for	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
healed	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
were	O
sick	O
.	O


Late	O
that	O
afternoon	O
,	O
the	O
followers	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
one	O
lives	O
in	O
this	O
place	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
is	O
already	O
late	O
.	O


Send	O
the	O
people	O
away	O
so	O
they	O
can	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
towns	O
and	O
buy	O
food	O
for	O
themselves	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
go	O
away	O
.	O


You	O
give	O
them	O
some	O
food	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
we	O
have	O
only	O
five	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
and	O
two	O
fish	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Bring	O
the	O
bread	O
and	O
the	O
fish	O
to	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
sit	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
grass	O
.	O


He	O
took	O
the	O
five	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
and	O
the	O
two	O
fish	O
.	O


He	O
looked	O
into	O
the	O
sky	O
and	O
thanked	O
God	O
for	O
the	O
food	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
broke	O
the	O
bread	O
into	O
pieces	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
gave	O
to	O
the	O
followers	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
gave	O
the	O
food	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


Everyone	O
ate	O
until	O
they	O
were	O
full	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
finished	O
eating	O
,	O
the	O
followers	O
filled	O
twelve	O
baskets	O
with	O
the	O
pieces	O
of	O
food	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
eaten	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
about	O
5000	O
men	O
there	O
who	O
ate	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
also	O
women	O
and	O
children	O
who	O
ate	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
made	O
the	O
followers	O
get	O
into	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
he	O
would	O
come	O
later	O
.	O


He	O
stayed	O
there	O
to	O
tell	O
everyone	O
they	O
could	O
go	O
home	O
.	O


After	O
Jesus	O
said	O
goodbye	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
up	O
into	O
the	O
hills	O
by	O
himself	O
to	O
pray	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
late	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
there	O
alone	O
.	O


By	O
this	O
time	O
the	O
boat	O
was	O
already	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
from	O
shore	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
wind	O
was	O
blowing	O
against	O
it	O
,	O
the	O
boat	O
was	O
having	O
trouble	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
waves	O
.	O


Between	O
three	O
and	O
six	O
o'clock	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
,	O
Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
were	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


Jesus	O
came	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
walking	O
on	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
saw	O
him	O
walking	O
on	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
it	O
scared	O
them	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
a	O
ghost	O
!	O
''	O


they	O
said	O
,	O
screaming	O
in	O
fear	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
quickly	O
spoke	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
worry	O
!	O


It	O
's	O
me	O
!	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O
''	O


Peter	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
if	O
that	O
is	O
really	O
you	O
,	O
tell	O
me	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
on	O
the	O
water	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
,	O
Peter	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Peter	O
left	O
the	O
boat	O
and	O
walked	O
on	O
the	O
water	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


But	O
while	O
Peter	O
was	O
walking	O
on	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
he	O
saw	O
the	O
wind	O
and	O
the	O
waves	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
afraid	O
and	O
began	O
sinking	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


He	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
save	O
me	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
caught	O
Peter	O
with	O
his	O
hand	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Your	O
faith	O
is	O
small	O
.	O


Why	O
did	O
you	O
doubt	O
?	O
''	O


After	O
Peter	O
and	O
Jesus	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
boat	O
,	O
the	O
wind	O
stopped	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
followers	O
in	O
the	O
boat	O
worshiped	O
Jesus	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
really	O
are	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
they	O
crossed	O
the	O
lake	O
,	O
they	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
shore	O
at	O
Gennesaret	O
.	O


Some	O
men	O
there	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
and	O
knew	O
who	O
he	O
was	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
sent	O
word	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
people	O
throughout	O
that	O
area	O
that	O
Jesus	O
had	O
come	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
brought	O
all	O
their	O
sick	O
people	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
begged	O
Jesus	O
to	O
let	O
them	O
only	O
touch	O
the	O
edge	O
of	O
his	O
coat	O
to	O
be	O
healed	O
.	O


And	O
all	O
the	O
sick	O
people	O
who	O
touched	O
his	O
coat	O
were	O
healed	O
.	O


Then	O
some	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
and	O
asked	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
do	O
your	O
followers	O
not	O
obey	O
the	O
traditions	O
we	O
have	O
from	O
our	O
great	O
leaders	O
who	O
lived	O
long	O
ago	O
?	O


Your	O
followers	O
do	O
n't	O
wash	O
their	O
hands	O
before	O
they	O
eat	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
And	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
refuse	O
to	O
obey	O
God	O
's	O
command	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
follow	O
those	O
traditions	O
you	O
have	O
?	O


God	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
must	O
respect	O
your	O
father	O
and	O
mother	O
.	O
'	O


And	O
God	O
also	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Whoever	O
says	O
anything	O
bad	O
to	O
their	O
father	O
or	O
mother	O
must	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
you	O
teach	O
that	O
a	O
person	O
can	O
say	O
to	O
their	O
father	O
or	O
mother	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
have	O
something	O
I	O
could	O
use	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
use	O
it	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
give	O
it	O
to	O
God	O
.	O
'	O


You	O
are	O
teaching	O
them	O
not	O
to	O
respect	O
their	O
father	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
are	O
teaching	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
God	O
said	O
.	O


You	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
to	O
follow	O
those	O
traditions	O
you	O
have	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
hypocrites	O
!	O


Isaiah	O
was	O
right	O
when	O
he	O
spoke	O
for	O
God	O
about	O
you	O
:	O
'	O
These	O
people	O
honor	O
me	O
with	O
their	O
words	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
really	O
important	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Their	O
worship	O
of	O
me	O
is	O
worthless	O
.	O


The	O
things	O
they	O
teach	O
are	O
only	O
human	O
rules	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Jesus	O
called	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Listen	O
and	O
understand	O
what	O
I	O
am	O
saying	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
what	O
people	O
put	O
in	O
their	O
mouth	O
that	O
makes	O
them	O
wrong	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
what	O
comes	O
out	O
of	O
their	O
mouth	O
that	O
makes	O
them	O
wrong	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
followers	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
are	O
upset	O
about	O
what	O
you	O
said	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Every	O
plant	O
that	O
my	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
has	O
not	O
planted	O
will	O
be	O
pulled	O
up	O
by	O
the	O
roots	O
.	O


Stay	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
.	O


They	O
lead	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
like	O
blind	O
men	O
leading	O
other	O
blind	O
men	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
a	O
blind	O
man	O
leads	O
another	O
blind	O
man	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
them	O
will	O
fall	O
into	O
a	O
ditch	O
.	O
''	O


Peter	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Explain	O
to	O
us	O
what	O
you	O
said	O
earlier	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
still	O
have	O
trouble	O
understanding	O
?	O


Surely	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
food	O
that	O
enters	O
the	O
mouth	O
goes	O
into	O
the	O
stomach	O
.	O


Then	O
it	O
goes	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
bad	O
things	O
people	O
say	O
with	O
their	O
mouth	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
think	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
can	O
make	O
people	O
wrong	O
.	O


All	O
these	O
bad	O
things	O
begin	O
in	O
the	O
mind	O
:	O
evil	O
thoughts	O
,	O
murder	O
,	O
adultery	O
,	O
sexual	O
sins	O
,	O
stealing	O
,	O
lying	O
,	O
and	O
insulting	O
people	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
make	O
people	O
wrong	O
.	O


Eating	O
without	O
washing	O
their	O
hands	O
will	O
never	O
make	O
people	O
unacceptable	O
to	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
went	O
from	O
there	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
Tyre	O
and	O
Sidon	O
.	O


A	O
Canaanite	O
woman	O
from	O
that	O
area	O
came	O
out	O
and	O
began	O
shouting	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
Son	O
of	O
David	O
,	O
please	O
help	O
me	O
!	O


My	O
daughter	O
has	O
a	O
demon	O
inside	O
her	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
is	O
suffering	O
very	O
much	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
did	O
not	O
answer	O
her	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
followers	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Tell	O
her	O
to	O
go	O
away	O
.	O


She	O
keeps	O
crying	O
out	O
and	O
will	O
not	O
leave	O
us	O
alone	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
sent	O
me	O
only	O
to	O
the	O
lost	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
woman	O
came	O
over	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
bowed	O
before	O
him	O
.	O


She	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
help	O
me	O
!	O
''	O


He	O
answered	O
her	O
with	O
this	O
saying	O
:	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
not	O
right	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
children	O
's	O
bread	O
and	O
give	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
dogs	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
woman	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
Lord	O
,	O
but	O
even	O
the	O
dogs	O
eat	O
the	O
pieces	O
of	O
food	O
that	O
fall	O
from	O
their	O
master	O
's	O
table	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Woman	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
great	O
faith	O
!	O


You	O
will	O
get	O
what	O
you	O
asked	O
for	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
right	O
then	O
the	O
woman	O
's	O
daughter	O
was	O
healed	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
went	O
from	O
there	O
to	O
the	O
shore	O
of	O
Lake	O
Galilee	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
up	O
on	O
a	O
hill	O
and	O
sat	O
down	O
.	O


A	O
large	O
crowd	O
of	O
people	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
brought	O
many	O
other	O
sick	O
people	O
and	O
put	O
them	O
before	O
him	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
people	O
who	O
could	O
not	O
walk	O
,	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
blind	O
,	O
crippled	O
,	O
or	O
deaf	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
others	O
.	O


Jesus	O
healed	O
them	O
all	O
.	O


People	O
were	O
amazed	O
when	O
they	O
saw	O
that	O
those	O
who	O
could	O
not	O
speak	O
were	O
now	O
able	O
to	O
speak	O
.	O


Crippled	O
people	O
were	O
made	O
strong	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
could	O
not	O
walk	O
were	O
now	O
able	O
to	O
walk	O
.	O


The	O
blind	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


Everyone	O
thanked	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
Israel	O
for	O
this	O
.	O


Jesus	O
called	O
his	O
followers	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
feel	O
sorry	O
for	O
these	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
been	O
with	O
me	O
three	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
they	O
have	O
nothing	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
send	O
them	O
away	O
hungry	O
.	O


They	O
might	O
faint	O
while	O
going	O
home	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Where	O
can	O
we	O
get	O
enough	O
bread	O
to	O
feed	O
all	O
these	O
people	O
?	O


We	O
are	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
from	O
any	O
town	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
many	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
do	O
you	O
have	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
have	O
seven	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
and	O
a	O
few	O
small	O
fish	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
sit	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


He	O
took	O
the	O
seven	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
and	O
the	O
fish	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
gave	O
thanks	O
to	O
God	O
for	O
the	O
food	O
.	O


He	O
broke	O
the	O
bread	O
into	O
pieces	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
gave	O
to	O
the	O
followers	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
gave	O
the	O
food	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
ate	O
until	O
they	O
were	O
full	O
.	O


After	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
followers	O
filled	O
seven	O
baskets	O
with	O
the	O
pieces	O
of	O
food	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
eaten	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
about	O
4000	O
men	O
there	O
who	O
ate	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
also	O
some	O
women	O
and	O
children	O
.	O


After	O
they	O
all	O
ate	O
,	O
Jesus	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
they	O
could	O
go	O
home	O
.	O


He	O
got	O
into	O
the	O
boat	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
Magadan	O
.	O


The	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
Sadducees	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
test	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
asked	O
him	O
to	O
show	O
them	O
a	O
miracle	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
When	O
you	O
people	O
see	O
the	O
sunset	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
the	O
weather	O
will	O
be	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
sky	O
is	O
red	O
,	O
you	O
say	O
we	O
will	O
have	O
good	O
weather	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
sky	O
is	O
dark	O
and	O
red	O
,	O
you	O
say	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
rainy	O
day	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
signs	O
of	O
the	O
weather	O
.	O


You	O
see	O
these	O
signs	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
and	O
know	O
what	O
they	O
mean	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
you	O
see	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
happening	O
now	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
also	O
signs	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
their	O
meaning	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
evil	O
and	O
sinful	O
people	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
a	O
miracle	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
no	O
miracle	O
will	O
be	O
done	O
to	O
prove	O
anything	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
sign	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
miracle	O
that	O
happened	O
to	O
Jonah	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
went	O
away	O
from	O
there	O
.	O


Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
went	O
across	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
followers	O
forgot	O
to	O
bring	O
bread	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
careful	O
!	O


Guard	O
against	O
the	O
yeast	O
of	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
the	O
Sadducees	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
discussed	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
this	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Did	O
Jesus	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
we	O
forgot	O
to	O
bring	O
bread	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
knew	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
talking	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
asked	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
talking	O
about	O
not	O
having	O
bread	O
?	O


Your	O
faith	O
is	O
small	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
still	O
not	O
understand	O
?	O


Remember	O
the	O
five	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
that	O
fed	O
the	O
5000	O
people	O
and	O
the	O
many	O
baskets	O
you	O
filled	O
with	O
the	O
bread	O
that	O
was	O
left	O
?	O


And	O
remember	O
the	O
seven	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
that	O
fed	O
the	O
4000	O
people	O
and	O
the	O
many	O
baskets	O
you	O
filled	O
that	O
time	O
?	O


So	O
how	O
could	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
concerned	O
about	O
bread	O
?	O


I	O
am	O
telling	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
careful	O
and	O
guard	O
against	O
the	O
yeast	O
of	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
the	O
Sadducees	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
followers	O
understood	O
what	O
Jesus	O
meant	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
not	O
telling	O
them	O
to	O
guard	O
against	O
the	O
yeast	O
used	O
in	O
bread	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
telling	O
them	O
to	O
guard	O
against	O
the	O
teaching	O
of	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
the	O
Sadducees	O
.	O


Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
Caesarea	O
Philippi	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
do	O
people	O
say	O
I	O
am	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Some	O
people	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
John	O
the	O
Baptizer	O
.	O


Others	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
Elijah	O
.	O


And	O
some	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
Jeremiah	O
or	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
And	O
who	O
do	O
you	O
say	O
I	O
am	O
?	O
''	O


Simon	O
Peter	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
the	O
Christ	O
,	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
the	O
living	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
blessed	O
,	O
Simon	O
son	O
of	O
Jonah	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
taught	O
you	O
that	O
.	O


My	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
showed	O
you	O
who	O
I	O
am	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
Peter	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
will	O
build	O
my	O
church	O
on	O
this	O
rock	O
.	O


The	O
power	O
of	O
death	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
defeat	O
my	O
church	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
the	O
keys	O
to	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
speak	O
judgment	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
that	O
judgment	O
will	O
be	O
God	O
's	O
judgment	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
promise	O
forgiveness	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
that	O
forgiveness	O
will	O
be	O
God	O
's	O
forgiveness	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
warned	O
his	O
followers	O
not	O
to	O
tell	O
anyone	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O


>	O
From	O
that	O
time	O
Jesus	O
began	O
telling	O
his	O
followers	O
that	O
he	O
must	O
go	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


He	O
explained	O
that	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
,	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
would	O
make	O
him	O
suffer	O
many	O
things	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
told	O
his	O
followers	O
that	O
he	O
must	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
third	O
day	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


Peter	O
took	O
Jesus	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
followers	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
him	O
alone	O
.	O


He	O
began	O
to	O
criticize	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
save	O
you	O
from	O
those	O
sufferings	O
,	O
Lord	O
!	O


That	O
will	O
never	O
happen	O
to	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
Peter	O
,	O
``	O
Get	O
away	O
from	O
me	O
,	O
Satan	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
not	O
helping	O
me	O
!	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
things	O
God	O
does	O
.	O


You	O
care	O
only	O
about	O
things	O
that	O
people	O
think	O
are	O
important	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
any	O
of	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
my	O
follower	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
stop	O
thinking	O
about	O
yourself	O
and	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
carry	O
the	O
cross	O
that	O
is	O
given	O
to	O
you	O
for	O
following	O
me	O
.	O


Any	O
of	O
you	O
who	O
try	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
life	O
you	O
have	O
will	O
lose	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
who	O
give	O
up	O
your	O
life	O
for	O
me	O
will	O
find	O
true	O
life	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
worth	O
nothing	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
if	O
you	O
yourself	O
are	O
lost	O
.	O


You	O
could	O
never	O
pay	O
enough	O
to	O
buy	O
back	O
your	O
life	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
will	O
come	O
again	O
with	O
his	O
Father	O
's	O
glory	O
and	O
with	O
his	O
angels	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
will	O
reward	O
everyone	O
for	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
.	O


Believe	O
me	O
when	O
I	O
say	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
people	O
standing	O
here	O
who	O
will	O
see	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
coming	O
with	O
his	O
kingdom	O
before	O
they	O
die	O
.	O
''	O


Six	O
days	O
later	O
,	O
Jesus	O
took	O
Peter	O
,	O
James	O
,	O
and	O
John	O
the	O
brother	O
of	O
James	O
and	O
went	O
up	O
on	O
a	O
high	O
mountain	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
all	O
alone	O
there	O
.	O


While	O
these	O
followers	O
watched	O
him	O
,	O
Jesus	O
was	O
changed	O
.	O


His	O
face	O
became	O
bright	O
like	O
the	O
sun	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
clothes	O
became	O
white	O
as	O
light	O
.	O


Then	O
two	O
men	O
were	O
there	O
,	O
talking	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
Moses	O
and	O
Elijah	O
.	O


Peter	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
good	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
here	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
want	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
put	O
three	O
tents	O
here	O
--	O
one	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
one	O
for	O
Moses	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
for	O
Elijah	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
Peter	O
was	O
talking	O
,	O
a	O
bright	O
cloud	O
came	O
over	O
them	O
.	O


A	O
voice	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
cloud	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
is	O
my	O
Son	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
I	O
love	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
very	O
pleased	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Obey	O
him	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
with	O
Jesus	O
heard	O
this	O
voice	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
very	O
afraid	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
fell	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
came	O
to	O
them	O
and	O
touched	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Stand	O
up	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
looked	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
saw	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
now	O
alone	O
.	O


As	O
Jesus	O
and	O
the	O
followers	O
were	O
coming	O
down	O
the	O
mountain	O
,	O
he	O
gave	O
them	O
this	O
command	O
:	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
tell	O
anyone	O
about	O
what	O
you	O
saw	O
on	O
the	O
mountain	O
.	O


Wait	O
until	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
has	O
been	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
can	O
tell	O
people	O
about	O
what	O
you	O
saw	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
do	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
say	O
that	O
Elijah	O
must	O
come	O
before	O
the	O
Christ	O
comes	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
They	O
are	O
right	O
to	O
say	O
Elijah	O
is	O
coming	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
is	O
true	O
that	O
Elijah	O
will	O
make	O
all	O
things	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
Elijah	O
has	O
already	O
come	O
.	O


People	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
who	O
he	O
was	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
treated	O
him	O
badly	O
,	O
doing	O
whatever	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
.	O


Those	O
same	O
people	O
will	O
make	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
suffer	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
followers	O
understood	O
that	O
when	O
Jesus	O
said	O
Elijah	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
really	O
talking	O
about	O
John	O
the	O
Baptizer	O
.	O


Jesus	O
and	O
the	O
followers	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


A	O
man	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
bowed	O
before	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
be	O
kind	O
to	O
my	O
son	O
.	O


He	O
suffers	O
so	O
much	O
from	O
the	O
seizures	O
he	O
has	O
.	O


He	O
often	O
falls	O
into	O
the	O
fire	O
or	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


I	O
brought	O
him	O
to	O
your	O
followers	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
heal	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
people	O
today	O
have	O
no	O
faith	O
.	O


Your	O
lives	O
are	O
so	O
wrong	O
!	O


How	O
long	O
must	O
I	O
stay	O
with	O
you	O
?	O


How	O
long	O
must	O
I	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
patient	O
with	O
you	O
?	O


Bring	O
the	O
boy	O
here	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
gave	O
a	O
strong	O
command	O
to	O
the	O
demon	O
inside	O
the	O
boy	O
.	O


The	O
demon	O
came	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
boy	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
boy	O
was	O
healed	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
followers	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
alone	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
tried	O
to	O
force	O
the	O
demon	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
boy	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
could	O
not	O
.	O


Why	O
were	O
we	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
demon	O
go	O
out	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
were	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
demon	O
go	O
out	O
,	O
because	O
your	O
faith	O
is	O
too	O
small	O
.	O


Believe	O
me	O
when	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
if	O
your	O
faith	O
is	O
only	O
as	O
big	O
as	O
a	O
mustard	O
seed	O
you	O
can	O
say	O
to	O
this	O
mountain	O
,	O
'	O
Move	O
from	O
here	O
to	O
there	O
,	O
'	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
move	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
.	O
''	O


Later	O
,	O
the	O
followers	O
met	O
together	O
in	O
Galilee	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
will	O
be	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
other	O
men	O
,	O
who	O
will	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
on	O
the	O
third	O
day	O
he	O
will	O
be	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
were	O
very	O
sad	O
to	O
hear	O
that	O
Jesus	O
would	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O


Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
went	O
to	O
Capernaum	O
.	O


There	O
the	O
men	O
who	O
collect	O
the	O
two	O
-	O
drachma	O
Temple	O
tax	O
came	O
to	O
Peter	O
and	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Does	O
your	O
teacher	O
pay	O
the	O
Temple	O
tax	O
?	O
''	O


Peter	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
he	O
does	O
.	O
''	O


Peter	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
house	O
where	O
Jesus	O
was	O
.	O


Before	O
Peter	O
could	O
speak	O
,	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
kings	O
on	O
the	O
earth	O
get	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
taxes	O
from	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
who	O
are	O
those	O
who	O
pay	O
the	O
taxes	O
?	O


Are	O
they	O
the	O
king	O
's	O
children	O
?	O


Or	O
do	O
other	O
people	O
pay	O
the	O
taxes	O
?	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
?	O
''	O


Peter	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
other	O
people	O
pay	O
the	O
taxes	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Then	O
the	O
children	O
of	O
the	O
king	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
pay	O
taxes	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
upset	O
these	O
tax	O
collectors	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
this	O
:	O
Go	O
to	O
the	O
lake	O
and	O
fish	O
.	O


After	O
you	O
catch	O
the	O
first	O
fish	O
,	O
open	O
its	O
mouth	O
.	O


Inside	O
its	O
mouth	O
you	O
will	O
find	O
a	O
four	O
-	O
drachma	O
coin	O
.	O


Take	O
that	O
coin	O
and	O
give	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
tax	O
collectors	O
.	O


That	O
will	O
pay	O
the	O
tax	O
for	O
you	O
and	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


About	O
that	O
time	O
the	O
followers	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
is	O
the	O
greatest	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
called	O
a	O
little	O
child	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
stood	O
the	O
child	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
followers	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
change	O
your	O
thinking	O
and	O
become	O
like	O
little	O
children	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
never	O
enter	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


The	O
greatest	O
person	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
makes	O
himself	O
humble	O
like	O
this	O
child	O
.	O


``	O
Whoever	O
accepts	O
a	O
little	O
child	O
like	O
this	O
in	O
my	O
name	O
is	O
accepting	O
me	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
little	O
children	O
believes	O
in	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
someone	O
causes	O
that	O
child	O
to	O
sin	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
bad	O
for	O
that	O
person	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
millstone	O
tied	O
around	O
their	O
neck	O
and	O
be	O
drowned	O
in	O
the	O
deep	O
sea	O
.	O


I	O
feel	O
sorry	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
make	O
people	O
sin	O
.	O


These	O
things	O
must	O
happen	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
bad	O
for	O
anyone	O
who	O
causes	O
them	O
to	O
happen	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
your	O
hand	O
or	O
your	O
foot	O
makes	O
you	O
sin	O
,	O
cut	O
it	O
off	O
and	O
throw	O
it	O
away	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
better	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
lose	O
part	O
of	O
your	O
body	O
and	O
have	O
eternal	O
life	O
than	O
to	O
have	O
two	O
hands	O
and	O
two	O
feet	O
and	O
be	O
thrown	O
into	O
the	O
fire	O
that	O
burns	O
forever	O
.	O


If	O
your	O
eye	O
makes	O
you	O
sin	O
,	O
take	O
it	O
out	O
and	O
throw	O
it	O
away	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
better	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
have	O
only	O
one	O
eye	O
and	O
have	O
eternal	O
life	O
than	O
to	O
have	O
two	O
eyes	O
and	O
be	O
thrown	O
into	O
the	O
fire	O
of	O
hell	O
.	O


``	O
Be	O
careful	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
think	O
these	O
little	O
children	O
are	O
not	O
important	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
these	O
children	O
have	O
angels	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


And	O
those	O
angels	O
are	O
always	O
with	O
my	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
a	O
man	O
has	O
100	O
sheep	O
,	O
but	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
sheep	O
is	O
lost	O
,	O
what	O
will	O
he	O
do	O
?	O


He	O
will	O
leave	O
the	O
other	O
99	O
sheep	O
on	O
the	O
hill	O
and	O
go	O
look	O
for	O
the	O
lost	O
sheep	O
.	O


Right	O
?	O


And	O
if	O
he	O
finds	O
the	O
lost	O
sheep	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
happier	O
about	O
that	O
one	O
sheep	O
than	O
about	O
the	O
99	O
sheep	O
that	O
were	O
never	O
lost	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
assure	O
you	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
your	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
does	O
not	O
want	O
any	O
of	O
these	O
little	O
children	O
to	O
be	O
lost	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
your	O
brother	O
or	O
sister	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
family	O
does	O
something	O
wrong	O
,	O
go	O
and	O
tell	O
them	O
what	O
they	O
did	O
wrong	O
.	O


Do	O
this	O
when	O
you	O
are	O
alone	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
listen	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
have	O
helped	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
your	O
brother	O
or	O
sister	O
again	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
they	O
refuse	O
to	O
listen	O
,	O
go	O
to	O
them	O
again	O
and	O
take	O
one	O
or	O
two	O
people	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


Then	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
two	O
or	O
three	O
people	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
tell	O
all	O
that	O
happened	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
refuse	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
then	O
tell	O
the	O
church	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
they	O
refuse	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
the	O
church	O
,	O
treat	O
them	O
as	O
you	O
would	O
treat	O
someone	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
know	O
God	O
or	O
who	O
is	O
a	O
tax	O
collector	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
can	O
assure	O
you	O
that	O
when	O
you	O
speak	O
judgment	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
God	O
's	O
judgment	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
you	O
promise	O
forgiveness	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
God	O
's	O
forgiveness	O
.	O


To	O
say	O
it	O
another	O
way	O
,	O
if	O
two	O
of	O
you	O
on	O
earth	O
agree	O
on	O
anything	O
you	O
pray	O
for	O
,	O
my	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
will	O
do	O
what	O
you	O
ask	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
if	O
two	O
or	O
three	O
people	O
are	O
together	O
believing	O
in	O
me	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
there	O
with	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Peter	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
when	O
someone	O
wo	O
n't	O
stop	O
doing	O
wrong	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
how	O
many	O
times	O
must	O
I	O
forgive	O
them	O
?	O


Seven	O
times	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
forgive	O
them	O
more	O
than	O
seven	O
times	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
continue	O
to	O
forgive	O
them	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
do	O
wrong	O
to	O
you	O
seventy	O
-	O
seven	O
times	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
So	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
king	O
who	O
decided	O
to	O
collect	O
the	O
money	O
his	O
servants	O
owed	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
king	O
began	O
to	O
collect	O
his	O
money	O
.	O


One	O
servant	O
owed	O
him	O
several	O
thousand	O
pounds	O
of	O
silver	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
pay	O
the	O
money	O
to	O
his	O
master	O
,	O
the	O
king	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
master	O
ordered	O
that	O
he	O
and	O
everything	O
he	O
owned	O
be	O
sold	O
,	O
even	O
his	O
wife	O
and	O
children	O
.	O


The	O
money	O
would	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
pay	O
the	O
king	O
what	O
the	O
servant	O
owed	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
servant	O
fell	O
on	O
his	O
knees	O
and	O
begged	O
,	O
'	O
Be	O
patient	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
pay	O
you	O
everything	O
I	O
owe	O
.	O
'	O


The	O
master	O
felt	O
sorry	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
told	O
the	O
servant	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
pay	O
.	O


He	O
let	O
him	O
go	O
free	O
.	O


``	O
Later	O
,	O
that	O
same	O
servant	O
found	O
another	O
servant	O
who	O
owed	O
him	O
a	O
hundred	O
silver	O
coins	O
.	O


He	O
grabbed	O
him	O
around	O
the	O
neck	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Pay	O
me	O
the	O
money	O
you	O
owe	O
me	O
!	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
other	O
servant	O
fell	O
on	O
his	O
knees	O
and	O
begged	O
him	O
,	O
'	O
Be	O
patient	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
pay	O
you	O
everything	O
I	O
owe	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
first	O
servant	O
refused	O
to	O
be	O
patient	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
the	O
judge	O
that	O
the	O
other	O
servant	O
owed	O
him	O
money	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
servant	O
was	O
put	O
in	O
jail	O
until	O
he	O
could	O
pay	O
everything	O
he	O
owed	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
other	O
servants	O
saw	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


They	O
felt	O
very	O
sorry	O
for	O
the	O
man	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
went	O
and	O
told	O
their	O
master	O
everything	O
that	O
happened	O
.	O


``	O
Then	O
the	O
master	O
called	O
his	O
servant	O
in	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
evil	O
servant	O
.	O


You	O
begged	O
me	O
to	O
forgive	O
your	O
debt	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
said	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
pay	O
anything	O
!	O


So	O
you	O
should	O
have	O
given	O
that	O
other	O
man	O
who	O
serves	O
with	O
you	O
the	O
same	O
mercy	O
I	O
gave	O
you	O
.	O
'	O


The	O
master	O
was	O
very	O
angry	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
put	O
the	O
servant	O
in	O
jail	O
to	O
be	O
punished	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
stay	O
in	O
jail	O
until	O
he	O
could	O
pay	O
everything	O
he	O
owed	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
king	O
did	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
my	O
heavenly	O
Father	O
will	O
do	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
forgive	O
your	O
brother	O
or	O
sister	O
with	O
all	O
your	O
heart	O
,	O
or	O
my	O
heavenly	O
Father	O
will	O
not	O
forgive	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
were	O
coming	O
closer	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


But	O
first	O
they	O
stopped	O
at	O
Bethphage	O
at	O
the	O
hill	O
called	O
the	O
Mount	O
of	O
Olives	O
.	O


From	O
there	O
Jesus	O
sent	O
two	O
of	O
his	O
followers	O
into	O
town	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
to	O
the	O
town	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
there	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
enter	O
it	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
find	O
a	O
donkey	O
with	O
her	O
colt	O
.	O


Untie	O
them	O
both	O
,	O
and	O
bring	O
them	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


If	O
anyone	O
asks	O
you	O
why	O
you	O
are	O
taking	O
the	O
donkeys	O
,	O
tell	O
them	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
Master	O
needs	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
send	O
them	O
back	O
soon	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


This	O
showed	O
the	O
full	O
meaning	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
prophet	O
said	O
:	O
``	O
Tell	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Zion	O
,	O
'	O
Now	O
your	O
king	O
is	O
coming	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
humble	O
and	O
riding	O
on	O
a	O
donkey	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
riding	O
on	O
a	O
young	O
donkey	O
,	O
born	O
from	O
a	O
work	O
animal	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
went	O
and	O
did	O
what	O
Jesus	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


They	O
brought	O
the	O
mother	O
donkey	O
and	O
the	O
young	O
donkey	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
covered	O
the	O
donkeys	O
with	O
their	O
coats	O
,	O
and	O
Jesus	O
sat	O
on	O
them	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
many	O
people	O
spread	O
their	O
coats	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
for	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Others	O
cut	O
branches	O
from	O
the	O
trees	O
and	O
spread	O
them	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
walking	O
ahead	O
of	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Others	O
were	O
walking	O
behind	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
Praise	O
to	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
David	O
!	O
'	O


Welcome	O
!	O


God	O
bless	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
comes	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
!	O
'	O


Praise	O
to	O
God	O
in	O
heaven	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
went	O
into	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
were	O
confused	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
is	O
this	O
man	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
crowds	O
following	O
Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
is	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
prophet	O
from	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Nazareth	O
in	O
Galilee	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


He	O
threw	O
out	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
selling	O
and	O
buying	O
things	O
there	O
.	O


He	O
turned	O
over	O
the	O
tables	O
that	O
belonged	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
exchanging	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
turned	O
over	O
the	O
benches	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
selling	O
doves	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
My	O
Temple	O
will	O
be	O
called	O
a	O
house	O
of	O
prayer	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
you	O
are	O
changing	O
it	O
into	O
a	O
'	O
hiding	O
place	O
for	O
thieves	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Some	O
blind	O
people	O
and	O
some	O
who	O
were	O
crippled	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


Jesus	O
healed	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
saw	O
the	O
wonderful	O
things	O
he	O
was	O
doing	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
saw	O
the	O
children	O
praising	O
him	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


The	O
children	O
were	O
shouting	O
,	O
``	O
Praise	O
to	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
David	O
.	O
''	O


All	O
this	O
made	O
the	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
angry	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
hear	O
what	O
these	O
children	O
are	O
saying	O
?	O
''	O


He	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
have	O
taught	O
children	O
and	O
babies	O
to	O
give	O
praise	O
.	O
'	O


Have	O
you	O
not	O
read	O
that	O
Scripture	O
?	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
left	O
them	O
and	O
went	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
to	O
Bethany	O
,	O
where	O
he	O
spent	O
the	O
night	O
.	O


Early	O
the	O
next	O
morning	O
,	O
Jesus	O
was	O
going	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
very	O
hungry	O
.	O


He	O
saw	O
a	O
fig	O
tree	O
beside	O
the	O
road	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
fig	O
from	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
figs	O
on	O
the	O
tree	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
only	O
leaves	O
.	O


So	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
tree	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
will	O
never	O
again	O
produce	O
fruit	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
tree	O
immediately	O
dried	O
up	O
and	O
died	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
followers	O
saw	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
very	O
surprised	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
did	O
the	O
fig	O
tree	O
dry	O
up	O
and	O
die	O
so	O
quickly	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
faith	O
and	O
no	O
doubts	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
I	O
did	O
to	O
this	O
tree	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
more	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
say	O
to	O
this	O
mountain	O
,	O
'	O
Go	O
,	O
mountain	O
,	O
fall	O
into	O
the	O
sea	O
.	O
'	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
faith	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
happen	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
believe	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
get	O
anything	O
you	O
ask	O
for	O
in	O
prayer	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


While	O
Jesus	O
was	O
teaching	O
there	O
,	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
older	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Tell	O
us	O
!	O


What	O
authority	O
do	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
these	O
things	O
you	O
are	O
doing	O
?	O


Who	O
gave	O
you	O
this	O
authority	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
ask	O
you	O
a	O
question	O
too	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
answer	O
me	O
,	O
then	O
I	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
what	O
authority	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


Tell	O
me	O
:	O
When	O
John	O
baptized	O
people	O
,	O
did	O
his	O
authority	O
come	O
from	O
God	O
,	O
or	O
was	O
it	O
only	O
from	O
other	O
people	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
talked	O
about	O
Jesus	O
'	O
question	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
we	O
answer	O
,	O
'	O
John	O
's	O
baptism	O
was	O
from	O
God	O
,	O
'	O
then	O
he	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Then	O
why	O
did	O
n't	O
you	O
believe	O
John	O
?	O
'	O


But	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
say	O
John	O
's	O
baptism	O
was	O
from	O
someone	O
else	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
afraid	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
all	O
believe	O
John	O
was	O
a	O
prophet	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
they	O
told	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
the	O
answer	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Then	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
tell	O
you	O
who	O
gave	O
me	O
the	O
authority	O
to	O
do	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


``	O
Tell	O
me	O
what	O
you	O
think	O
about	O
this	O
:	O
There	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
had	O
two	O
sons	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
first	O
son	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Son	O
,	O
go	O
and	O
work	O
today	O
in	O
the	O
vineyard	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
son	O
answered	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
go	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
later	O
he	O
decided	O
he	O
should	O
go	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
went	O
.	O


``	O
Then	O
the	O
father	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
son	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Son	O
,	O
go	O
and	O
work	O
today	O
in	O
the	O
vineyard	O
.	O
'	O


He	O
answered	O
,	O
'	O
Yes	O
,	O
sir	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
go	O
and	O
work	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
go	O
.	O


``	O
Which	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
sons	O
obeyed	O
his	O
father	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
first	O
son	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
worse	O
than	O
the	O
tax	O
collectors	O
and	O
the	O
prostitutes	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
enter	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
before	O
you	O
enter	O
.	O


John	O
came	O
showing	O
you	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
to	O
live	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
tax	O
collectors	O
and	O
prostitutes	O
believed	O
John	O
.	O


You	O
saw	O
that	O
happening	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
would	O
not	O
change	O
.	O


You	O
still	O
refused	O
to	O
believe	O
him	O
.	O


``	O
Listen	O
to	O
this	O
story	O
:	O
There	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
owned	O
a	O
vineyard	O
.	O


He	O
put	O
a	O
wall	O
around	O
the	O
field	O
and	O
dug	O
a	O
hole	O
for	O
a	O
winepress	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
built	O
a	O
tower	O
.	O


He	O
leased	O
the	O
land	O
to	O
some	O
farmers	O
and	O
then	O
left	O
on	O
a	O
trip	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
grapes	O
to	O
be	O
picked	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
man	O
sent	O
his	O
servants	O
to	O
the	O
farmers	O
to	O
get	O
his	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
grapes	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
farmers	O
grabbed	O
the	O
servants	O
and	O
beat	O
one	O
.	O


They	O
killed	O
another	O
one	O
and	O
then	O
stoned	O
to	O
death	O
a	O
third	O
servant	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
man	O
sent	O
some	O
other	O
servants	O
to	O
the	O
farmers	O
.	O


He	O
sent	O
more	O
servants	O
than	O
he	O
sent	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
farmers	O
did	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
to	O
them	O
that	O
they	O
did	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
man	O
decided	O
to	O
send	O
his	O
son	O
to	O
the	O
farmers	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
farmers	O
will	O
respect	O
my	O
son	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
But	O
when	O
the	O
farmers	O
saw	O
the	O
son	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
'	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
owner	O
's	O
son	O
.	O


This	O
vineyard	O
will	O
be	O
his	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
kill	O
him	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
ours	O
.	O
'	O


So	O
the	O
farmers	O
took	O
the	O
son	O
,	O
threw	O
him	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
vineyard	O
,	O
and	O
killed	O
him	O
.	O


``	O
So	O
what	O
will	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
vineyard	O
do	O
to	O
these	O
farmers	O
when	O
he	O
comes	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
Jewish	O
priests	O
and	O
leaders	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
will	O
surely	O
kill	O
those	O
evil	O
men	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
will	O
lease	O
the	O
land	O
to	O
other	O
farmers	O
,	O
who	O
will	O
give	O
him	O
his	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
crop	O
at	O
harvest	O
time	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Surely	O
you	O
have	O
read	O
this	O
in	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
:	O
'	O
The	O
stone	O
that	O
the	O
builders	O
refused	O
to	O
accept	O
became	O
the	O
cornerstone	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
did	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
wonderful	O
to	O
us	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
So	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
will	O
be	O
taken	O
away	O
from	O
you	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
in	O
his	O
kingdom	O
.	O


Whoever	O
falls	O
on	O
this	O
stone	O
will	O
be	O
broken	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
will	O
crush	O
anyone	O
it	O
falls	O
on	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
heard	O
these	O
stories	O
,	O
they	O
knew	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
arrest	O
Jesus	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
were	O
afraid	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
people	O
believed	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
a	O
prophet	O
.	O


Jesus	O
used	O
some	O
more	O
stories	O
to	O
teach	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
king	O
who	O
prepared	O
a	O
wedding	O
feast	O
for	O
his	O
son	O
.	O


He	O
invited	O
some	O
people	O
to	O
the	O
feast	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
was	O
ready	O
,	O
the	O
king	O
sent	O
his	O
servants	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
refused	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
king	O
's	O
feast	O
.	O


``	O
Then	O
the	O
king	O
sent	O
some	O
more	O
servants	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
have	O
already	O
invited	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


So	O
tell	O
them	O
that	O
my	O
feast	O
is	O
ready	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
killed	O
my	O
best	O
bulls	O
and	O
calves	O
to	O
be	O
eaten	O
.	O


Everything	O
is	O
ready	O
.	O


Come	O
to	O
the	O
wedding	O
feast	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
But	O
when	O
the	O
servants	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
come	O
,	O
they	O
refused	O
to	O
listen	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
went	O
to	O
do	O
other	O
things	O
.	O


One	O
went	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
his	O
field	O
,	O
and	O
another	O
went	O
to	O
his	O
business	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
people	O
grabbed	O
the	O
servants	O
,	O
beat	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
killed	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
king	O
was	O
very	O
angry	O
.	O


He	O
sent	O
his	O
army	O
to	O
kill	O
those	O
who	O
murdered	O
his	O
servants	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
army	O
burned	O
their	O
city	O
.	O


``	O
After	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
king	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
servants	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
wedding	O
feast	O
is	O
ready	O
.	O


I	O
invited	O
those	O
people	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
good	O
enough	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
my	O
feast	O
.	O


So	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
street	O
corners	O
and	O
invite	O
everyone	O
you	O
see	O
.	O


Tell	O
them	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
my	O
feast	O
.	O
'	O


So	O
the	O
servants	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
streets	O
.	O


They	O
gathered	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
they	O
could	O
find	O
,	O
good	O
and	O
bad	O
alike	O
,	O
and	O
brought	O
them	O
to	O
where	O
the	O
wedding	O
feast	O
was	O
ready	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
place	O
was	O
filled	O
with	O
guests	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
the	O
king	O
came	O
in	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
guests	O
,	O
he	O
saw	O
a	O
man	O
there	O
who	O
was	O
not	O
dressed	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
clothes	O
for	O
a	O
wedding	O
.	O


The	O
king	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Friend	O
,	O
how	O
were	O
you	O
allowed	O
to	O
come	O
in	O
here	O
?	O


You	O
are	O
not	O
wearing	O
the	O
right	O
clothes	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
the	O
man	O
said	O
nothing	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
king	O
told	O
some	O
servants	O
,	O
'	O
Tie	O
this	O
man	O
's	O
hands	O
and	O
feet	O
.	O


Throw	O
him	O
out	O
into	O
the	O
darkness	O
,	O
where	O
people	O
are	O
crying	O
and	O
grinding	O
their	O
teeth	O
with	O
pain	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Yes	O
,	O
many	O
people	O
are	O
invited	O
.	O


But	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
are	O
chosen	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
left	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
Jesus	O
was	O
teaching	O
.	O


They	O
made	O
plans	O
to	O
catch	O
him	O
saying	O
something	O
wrong	O
.	O


They	O
sent	O
some	O
men	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
some	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
followers	O
and	O
some	O
from	O
the	O
group	O
called	O
Herodians	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
we	O
know	O
you	O
are	O
an	O
honest	O
man	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
you	O
teach	O
the	O
truth	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
way	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
not	O
afraid	O
of	O
what	O
others	O
think	O
about	O
you	O
.	O


All	O
people	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
tell	O
us	O
what	O
you	O
think	O
.	O


Is	O
it	O
right	O
to	O
pay	O
taxes	O
to	O
Caesar	O
or	O
not	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
knew	O
that	O
these	O
men	O
were	O
trying	O
to	O
trick	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
hypocrites	O
!	O


Why	O
are	O
you	O
trying	O
to	O
catch	O
me	O
saying	O
something	O
wrong	O
?	O


Show	O
me	O
a	O
coin	O
used	O
for	O
paying	O
the	O
tax	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
showed	O
Jesus	O
a	O
silver	O
coin	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Whose	O
picture	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
coin	O
?	O


And	O
whose	O
name	O
is	O
written	O
on	O
the	O
coin	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
Caesar	O
's	O
picture	O
and	O
Caesar	O
's	O
name	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Give	O
to	O
Caesar	O
what	O
belongs	O
to	O
Caesar	O
,	O
and	O
give	O
to	O
God	O
what	O
belongs	O
to	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
they	O
heard	O
what	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
amazed	O
.	O


They	O
left	O
him	O
and	O
went	O
away	O
.	O


That	O
same	O
day	O
some	O
Sadducees	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Sadducees	O
believe	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
will	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
Sadducees	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
a	O
question	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
Moses	O
told	O
us	O
that	O
if	O
a	O
married	O
man	O
dies	O
and	O
had	O
no	O
children	O
,	O
his	O
brother	O
must	O
marry	O
the	O
woman	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
will	O
have	O
children	O
for	O
the	O
dead	O
brother	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
seven	O
brothers	O
among	O
us	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
brother	O
married	O
but	O
died	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
no	O
children	O
.	O


So	O
his	O
brother	O
married	O
the	O
woman	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
second	O
brother	O
also	O
died	O
.	O


The	O
same	O
thing	O
happened	O
to	O
the	O
third	O
brother	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
brothers	O
.	O


The	O
woman	O
was	O
the	O
last	O
to	O
die	O
.	O


But	O
all	O
seven	O
men	O
had	O
married	O
her	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
people	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
whose	O
wife	O
will	O
she	O
be	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
so	O
wrong	O
!	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
anything	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
power	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
people	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
marriage	O
.	O


People	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
married	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Everyone	O
will	O
be	O
like	O
the	O
angels	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


Surely	O
you	O
have	O
read	O
what	O
God	O
said	O
to	O
you	O
about	O
people	O
rising	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


God	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
Abraham	O
,	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
Isaac	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
Jacob	O
.	O
'	O


So	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
still	O
dead	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
God	O
only	O
of	O
living	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
people	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
amazed	O
at	O
Jesus	O
'	O
teaching	O
.	O


The	O
Pharisees	O
learned	O
that	O
Jesus	O
had	O
made	O
the	O
Sadducees	O
look	O
so	O
foolish	O
that	O
they	O
stopped	O
trying	O
to	O
argue	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
had	O
a	O
meeting	O
.	O


Then	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
an	O
expert	O
in	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
,	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
a	O
question	O
to	O
test	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
which	O
command	O
in	O
the	O
law	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
'	O
Love	O
the	O
Lord	O
your	O
God	O
with	O
all	O
your	O
heart	O
,	O
all	O
your	O
soul	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
your	O
mind	O
.	O
'	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
and	O
most	O
important	O
command	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
second	O
command	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
first	O
:	O
'	O
Love	O
your	O
neighbor	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
you	O
love	O
yourself	O
.	O
'	O


All	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
the	O
writings	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
take	O
their	O
meaning	O
from	O
these	O
two	O
commands	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
while	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
were	O
together	O
,	O
Jesus	O
asked	O
them	O
a	O
question	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
about	O
the	O
Christ	O
?	O


Whose	O
son	O
is	O
he	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
Pharisees	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Christ	O
is	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
David	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Then	O
why	O
did	O
David	O
call	O
him	O
'	O
Lord	O
'	O
?	O


David	O
was	O
speaking	O
by	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
Lord	O
God	O
said	O
to	O
my	O
Lord	O
:	O
Sit	O
by	O
me	O
at	O
my	O
right	O
side	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
put	O
your	O
enemies	O
under	O
your	O
control	O
.	O
'	O


David	O
calls	O
the	O
Christ	O
'	O
Lord	O
.	O
'	O


So	O
how	O
can	O
he	O
be	O
David	O
's	O
son	O
?	O
''	O


None	O
of	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
could	O
answer	O
Jesus	O
'	O


question	O
.	O


And	O
after	O
that	O
day	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
was	O
brave	O
enough	O
to	O
ask	O
him	O
any	O
more	O
questions	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
spoke	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
have	O
the	O
authority	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
what	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
says	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
should	O
obey	O
them	O
.	O


Do	O
everything	O
they	O
tell	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


But	O
their	O
lives	O
are	O
not	O
good	O
examples	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
follow	O
.	O


They	O
tell	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
things	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
those	O
things	O
themselves	O
.	O


They	O
make	O
strict	O
rules	O
that	O
are	O
hard	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
obey	O
.	O


They	O
try	O
to	O
force	O
others	O
to	O
obey	O
all	O
their	O
rules	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
themselves	O
will	O
not	O
try	O
to	O
follow	O
any	O
of	O
those	O
rules	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
only	O
reason	O
they	O
do	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
is	O
for	O
other	O
people	O
to	O
see	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
make	O
the	O
little	O
Scripture	O
boxes	O
they	O
wear	O
bigger	O
and	O
bigger	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
make	O
the	O
tassels	O
on	O
their	O
prayer	O
clothes	O
long	O
enough	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
notice	O
them	O
.	O


These	O
men	O
love	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
places	O
of	O
honor	O
at	O
banquets	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
seats	O
in	O
the	O
synagogues	O
.	O


They	O
love	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
show	O
respect	O
to	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
marketplaces	O
and	O
to	O
call	O
them	O
'	O
Teacher	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
But	O
you	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
called	O
'	O
Teacher	O
.	O
'	O


You	O
are	O
all	O
equal	O
as	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
only	O
one	O
Teacher	O
.	O


And	O
do	O
n't	O
call	O
anyone	O
on	O
earth	O
'	O
Father	O
.	O
'	O


You	O
have	O
one	O
Father	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
called	O
'	O
Master	O
.	O
'	O


You	O
have	O
only	O
one	O
Master	O
,	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O


Whoever	O
serves	O
you	O
like	O
a	O
servant	O
is	O
the	O
greatest	O
among	O
you	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
think	O
they	O
are	O
better	O
than	O
others	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
humble	O
.	O


But	O
people	O
who	O
humble	O
themselves	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
great	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
you	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
you	O
Pharisees	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
hypocrites	O
!	O


You	O
close	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
enter	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


You	O
yourselves	O
do	O
n't	O
enter	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
stop	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
enter	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
you	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
you	O
Pharisees	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
hypocrites	O
.	O


You	O
travel	O
across	O
the	O
seas	O
and	O
across	O
different	O
countries	O
to	O
find	O
one	O
person	O
who	O
will	O
follow	O
your	O
ways	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
find	O
that	O
person	O
,	O
you	O
make	O
him	O
worse	O
than	O
you	O
are	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
are	O
so	O
bad	O
that	O
you	O
belong	O
in	O
hell	O
!	O


``	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
you	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
you	O
Pharisees	O
!	O


You	O
guide	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
are	O
blind	O
.	O


You	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
If	O
anyone	O
uses	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
Temple	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
promise	O
,	O
that	O
means	O
nothing	O
.	O


But	O
anyone	O
who	O
uses	O
the	O
gold	O
that	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
promise	O
must	O
keep	O
that	O
promise	O
.	O
'	O


You	O
are	O
blind	O
fools	O
!	O


Ca	O
n't	O
you	O
see	O
that	O
the	O
Temple	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
the	O
gold	O
on	O
it	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
Temple	O
that	O
makes	O
the	O
gold	O
holy	O
!	O


``	O
And	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
If	O
anyone	O
uses	O
the	O
altar	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
promise	O
,	O
that	O
means	O
nothing	O
.	O


But	O
anyone	O
who	O
uses	O
the	O
gift	O
on	O
the	O
altar	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
promise	O
must	O
keep	O
that	O
promise	O
.	O
'	O


You	O
are	O
blind	O
!	O


Ca	O
n't	O
you	O
see	O
that	O
the	O
altar	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
any	O
gift	O
on	O
it	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
altar	O
that	O
makes	O
the	O
gift	O
holy	O
!	O


Whoever	O
uses	O
the	O
altar	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
promise	O
is	O
really	O
using	O
the	O
altar	O
and	O
everything	O
on	O
the	O
altar	O
.	O


And	O
anyone	O
who	O
uses	O
the	O
Temple	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
promise	O
is	O
really	O
using	O
the	O
Temple	O
and	O
God	O
,	O
who	O
lives	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


Whoever	O
uses	O
heaven	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
promise	O
is	O
using	O
God	O
's	O
throne	O
and	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
seated	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
you	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
you	O
Pharisees	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
hypocrites	O
!	O


You	O
give	O
God	O
a	O
tenth	O
of	O
the	O
food	O
you	O
get	O
,	O
even	O
your	O
mint	O
,	O
dill	O
,	O
and	O
cumin	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
obey	O
the	O
really	O
important	O
teachings	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
--	O
being	O
fair	O
,	O
showing	O
mercy	O
,	O
and	O
being	O
faithful	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
should	O
do	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
should	O
also	O
continue	O
to	O
do	O
those	O
other	O
things	O
.	O


You	O
guide	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
are	O
blind	O
!	O


Think	O
about	O
a	O
man	O
picking	O
a	O
little	O
fly	O
out	O
of	O
his	O
drink	O
and	O
then	O
swallowing	O
a	O
camel	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
you	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
you	O
Pharisees	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
hypocrites	O
!	O


You	O
wash	O
clean	O
the	O
outside	O
of	O
your	O
cups	O
and	O
dishes	O
.	O


But	O
inside	O
they	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
what	O
you	O
got	O
by	O
cheating	O
others	O
and	O
pleasing	O
yourselves	O
.	O


Pharisees	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
blind	O
!	O


First	O
make	O
the	O
inside	O
of	O
the	O
cup	O
clean	O
and	O
good	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
cup	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
clean	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
you	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
you	O
Pharisees	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
hypocrites	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
like	O
tombs	O
that	O
are	O
painted	O
white	O
.	O


Outside	O
they	O
look	O
fine	O
,	O
but	O
inside	O
they	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
dead	O
people	O
's	O
bones	O
and	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
filth	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


People	O
look	O
at	O
you	O
and	O
think	O
you	O
are	O
godly	O
.	O


But	O
on	O
the	O
inside	O
you	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
hypocrisy	O
and	O
evil	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
you	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
you	O
Pharisees	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
hypocrites	O
!	O


You	O
build	O
tombs	O
for	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
show	O
honor	O
to	O
the	O
graves	O
of	O
the	O
godly	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
killed	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
If	O
we	O
had	O
lived	O
during	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
our	O
ancestors	O
,	O
we	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
helped	O
them	O
kill	O
these	O
prophets	O
.	O
'	O


So	O
you	O
give	O
proof	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
descendants	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
killed	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
finish	O
the	O
sin	O
that	O
your	O
ancestors	O
started	O
!	O


``	O
You	O
are	O
snakes	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
from	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
poisonous	O
snakes	O
!	O


You	O
will	O
not	O
escape	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
all	O
be	O
judged	O
guilty	O
and	O
go	O
to	O
hell	O
!	O


So	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
:	O
I	O
send	O
to	O
you	O
prophets	O
and	O
teachers	O
who	O
are	O
wise	O
and	O
know	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
kill	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
hang	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
on	O
crosses	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
beat	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
in	O
your	O
synagogues	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
chase	O
them	O
from	O
town	O
to	O
town	O
.	O


``	O
So	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
guilty	O
for	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
good	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
guilty	O
for	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
that	O
godly	O
man	O
Abel	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
guilty	O
for	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
Zechariah	O
son	O
of	O
Berachiah	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
killed	O
between	O
the	O
Temple	O
and	O
the	O
altar	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
guilty	O
for	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
good	O
people	O
who	O
lived	O
between	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Abel	O
and	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Zechariah	O
.	O


Believe	O
me	O
when	O
I	O
say	O
that	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
you	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
living	O
now	O
.	O


``	O
O	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
Jerusalem	O
!	O


You	O
kill	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


You	O
stone	O
to	O
death	O
those	O
that	O
God	O
has	O
sent	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Many	O
,	O
many	O
times	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
help	O
your	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
gather	O
them	O
together	O
as	O
a	O
hen	O
gathers	O
her	O
chicks	O
under	O
her	O
wings	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
let	O
me	O
.	O


Now	O
your	O
house	O
will	O
be	O
left	O
completely	O
empty	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
see	O
me	O
again	O
until	O
that	O
time	O
when	O
you	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Welcome	O
!	O


God	O
bless	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
comes	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Jesus	O
left	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
and	O
was	O
walking	O
away	O
.	O


But	O
his	O
followers	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
to	O
show	O
him	O
the	O
Temple	O
's	O
buildings	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Are	O
you	O
looking	O
at	O
these	O
buildings	O
?	O


The	O
fact	O
is	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
.	O


Every	O
stone	O
will	O
be	O
thrown	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


Not	O
one	O
stone	O
will	O
be	O
left	O
on	O
another	O
.	O
''	O


Later	O
,	O
Jesus	O
was	O
sitting	O
at	O
a	O
place	O
on	O
the	O
Mount	O
of	O
Olives	O
.	O


The	O
followers	O
came	O
to	O
be	O
alone	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Tell	O
us	O
when	O
these	O
things	O
will	O
happen	O
.	O


And	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
prepare	O
us	O
for	O
your	O
coming	O
and	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
time	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
careful	O
!	O


Do	O
n't	O
let	O
anyone	O
fool	O
you	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
will	O
come	O
and	O
use	O
my	O
name	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O
'	O


And	O
they	O
will	O
fool	O
many	O
people	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
hear	O
about	O
wars	O
that	O
are	O
being	O
fought	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
hear	O
stories	O
about	O
other	O
wars	O
beginning	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


These	O
things	O
must	O
happen	O
before	O
the	O
end	O
comes	O
.	O


Nations	O
will	O
fight	O
against	O
other	O
nations	O
.	O


Kingdoms	O
will	O
fight	O
against	O
other	O
kingdoms	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
times	O
when	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
food	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


And	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
earthquakes	O
in	O
different	O
places	O
.	O


These	O
things	O
are	O
only	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
troubles	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
first	O
pains	O
of	O
a	O
woman	O
giving	O
birth	O
.	O


``	O
Then	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
arrested	O
and	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
be	O
punished	O
and	O
killed	O
.	O


People	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
will	O
hate	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
believe	O
in	O
me	O
.	O


During	O
that	O
time	O
many	O
believers	O
will	O
lose	O
their	O
faith	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
turn	O
against	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
hate	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Many	O
false	O
prophets	O
will	O
come	O
and	O
cause	O
many	O
people	O
to	O
believe	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
wrong	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
so	O
much	O
more	O
evil	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
the	O
love	O
of	O
most	O
believers	O
will	O
grow	O
cold	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
remains	O
faithful	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
will	O
be	O
saved	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
I	O
have	O
shared	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
will	O
be	O
told	O
throughout	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
spread	O
to	O
every	O
nation	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
end	O
will	O
come	O
.	O


``	O
Daniel	O
the	O
prophet	O
spoke	O
about	O
'	O
the	O
terrible	O
thing	O
that	O
causes	O
destruction	O
.	O
'	O


You	O
will	O
see	O
this	O
terrible	O
thing	O
standing	O
in	O
the	O
holy	O
place	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
You	O
who	O
read	O
this	O
should	O
understand	O
what	O
it	O
means	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


``	O
The	O
people	O
in	O
Judea	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
should	O
run	O
away	O
to	O
the	O
mountains	O
.	O


They	O
should	O
run	O
away	O
without	O
wasting	O
time	O
to	O
stop	O
for	O
anything	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
are	O
on	O
the	O
roof	O
of	O
their	O
house	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
not	O
go	O
down	O
to	O
get	O
anything	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
not	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
coat	O
.	O


``	O
During	O
that	O
time	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
hard	O
for	O
women	O
who	O
are	O
pregnant	O
or	O
have	O
small	O
babies	O
!	O


Pray	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
winter	O
or	O
a	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
when	O
these	O
things	O
happen	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
run	O
away	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
great	O
trouble	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
more	O
trouble	O
than	O
has	O
ever	O
happened	O
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


And	O
nothing	O
as	O
bad	O
as	O
that	O
will	O
ever	O
happen	O
again	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
God	O
has	O
decided	O
to	O
make	O
that	O
terrible	O
time	O
short	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
were	O
not	O
made	O
short	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
would	O
continue	O
living	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
will	O
make	O
that	O
time	O
short	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
people	O
he	O
has	O
chosen	O
.	O


``	O
Someone	O
might	O
say	O
to	O
you	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
'	O
Look	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
the	O
Christ	O
!	O
'	O


Or	O
someone	O
else	O
might	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
There	O
he	O
is	O
!	O
'	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
them	O
.	O


False	O
Christs	O
and	O
false	O
prophets	O
will	O
come	O
and	O
do	O
great	O
miracles	O
and	O
wonders	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
fool	O
the	O
people	O
God	O
has	O
chosen	O
,	O
if	O
that	O
is	O
possible	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
have	O
warned	O
you	O
about	O
this	O
before	O
it	O
happens	O
.	O


``	O
Someone	O
might	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
Christ	O
is	O
there	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
!	O
'	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
go	O
into	O
the	O
desert	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


Someone	O
else	O
might	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
There	O
is	O
the	O
Christ	O
in	O
that	O
room	O
!	O
'	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
it	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
comes	O
,	O
everyone	O
will	O
see	O
him	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
like	O
lightning	O
flashing	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
everywhere	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
dead	O
body	O
:	O
You	O
will	O
find	O
it	O
where	O
the	O
vultures	O
are	O
gathering	O
above	O
.	O


``	O
Right	O
after	O
the	O
trouble	O
of	O
those	O
days	O
,	O
this	O
will	O
happen	O
:	O
'	O
The	O
sun	O
will	O
become	O
dark	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
moon	O
will	O
not	O
give	O
light	O
.	O


The	O
stars	O
will	O
fall	O
from	O
the	O
sky	O
,	O
and	O
everything	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
will	O
be	O
changed	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Then	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
something	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
that	O
shows	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
is	O
coming	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
will	O
cry	O
.	O


Everyone	O
will	O
see	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
coming	O
on	O
the	O
clouds	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
come	O
with	O
power	O
and	O
great	O
glory	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
use	O
a	O
loud	O
trumpet	O
to	O
send	O
his	O
angels	O
all	O
around	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
gather	O
his	O
chosen	O
people	O
from	O
every	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
fig	O
tree	O
teaches	O
us	O
a	O
lesson	O
:	O
When	O
its	O
branches	O
become	O
green	O
and	O
soft	O
,	O
and	O
new	O
leaves	O
begin	O
to	O
grow	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
summer	O
is	O
near	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
see	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
happening	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
time	O
is	O
near	O
,	O
ready	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


I	O
assure	O
you	O
that	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
will	O
happen	O
while	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
this	O
time	O
are	O
still	O
living	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
world	O
,	O
earth	O
and	O
sky	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
,	O
but	O
my	O
words	O
will	O
last	O
forever	O
.	O


``	O
No	O
one	O
knows	O
when	O
that	O
day	O
or	O
time	O
will	O
be	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
and	O
the	O
angels	O
in	O
heaven	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
when	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
.	O


Only	O
the	O
Father	O
knows	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
comes	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
what	O
happened	O
during	O
Noah	O
's	O
time	O
.	O


In	O
those	O
days	O
before	O
the	O
flood	O
,	O
people	O
were	O
eating	O
and	O
drinking	O
,	O
marrying	O
and	O
giving	O
their	O
children	O
to	O
be	O
married	O
right	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
day	O
Noah	O
entered	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


They	O
knew	O
nothing	O
about	O
what	O
was	O
happening	O
until	O
the	O
flood	O
came	O
and	O
destroyed	O
them	O
all	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
same	O
when	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
comes	O
.	O


Two	O
men	O
will	O
be	O
working	O
together	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O


One	O
will	O
be	O
taken	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
will	O
be	O
left	O
.	O


Two	O
women	O
will	O
be	O
grinding	O
grain	O
with	O
a	O
mill	O
.	O


One	O
will	O
be	O
taken	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
will	O
be	O
left	O
.	O


``	O
So	O
always	O
be	O
ready	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
the	O
day	O
your	O
Lord	O
will	O
come	O
.	O


Obviously	O
,	O
a	O
homeowner	O
who	O
knew	O
what	O
time	O
a	O
thief	O
was	O
planning	O
to	O
come	O
would	O
be	O
ready	O
and	O
not	O
let	O
the	O
thief	O
break	O
in	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
also	O
must	O
be	O
ready	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
will	O
come	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
expect	O
him	O
.	O


``	O
Who	O
is	O
the	O
wise	O
and	O
trusted	O
servant	O
?	O


The	O
master	O
trusts	O
one	O
servant	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
other	O
servants	O
their	O
food	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
.	O


Who	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
the	O
master	O
trusts	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
work	O
?	O


When	O
the	O
master	O
comes	O
and	O
finds	O
that	O
servant	O
doing	O
the	O
work	O
he	O
gave	O
him	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
day	O
of	O
blessing	O
for	O
that	O
servant	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
without	O
a	O
doubt	O
,	O
the	O
master	O
will	O
choose	O
that	O
servant	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
everything	O
he	O
owns	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
if	O
that	O
servant	O
is	O
evil	O
and	O
thinks	O
his	O
master	O
will	O
not	O
come	O
back	O
soon	O
?	O


He	O
will	O
begin	O
to	O
beat	O
the	O
other	O
servants	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
eat	O
and	O
drink	O
with	O
others	O
who	O
are	O
drunk	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
master	O
will	O
come	O
when	O
the	O
servant	O
is	O
not	O
ready	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
the	O
servant	O
is	O
not	O
expecting	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
master	O
will	O
punish	O
that	O
servant	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
send	O
him	O
away	O
to	O
be	O
with	O
the	O
hypocrites	O
,	O
where	O
people	O
will	O
cry	O
and	O
grind	O
their	O
teeth	O
with	O
pain	O
.	O


``	O
At	O
that	O
time	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
will	O
be	O
like	O
ten	O
girls	O
who	O
went	O
to	O
wait	O
for	O
the	O
bridegroom	O
.	O


They	O
took	O
their	O
lamps	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


Five	O
of	O
the	O
girls	O
were	O
foolish	O
,	O
and	O
five	O
were	O
wise	O
.	O


The	O
foolish	O
girls	O
took	O
their	O
lamps	O
with	O
them	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
take	O
extra	O
oil	O
for	O
the	O
lamps	O
.	O


The	O
wise	O
girls	O
took	O
their	O
lamps	O
and	O
more	O
oil	O
in	O
jars	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
bridegroom	O
was	O
very	O
late	O
,	O
the	O
girls	O
could	O
not	O
keep	O
their	O
eyes	O
open	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
all	O
fell	O
asleep	O
.	O


``	O
At	O
midnight	O
someone	O
announced	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
bridegroom	O
is	O
coming	O
!	O


Come	O
and	O
meet	O
him	O
!	O
'	O


``	O
Then	O
all	O
the	O
girls	O
woke	O
up	O
.	O


They	O
made	O
their	O
lamps	O
ready	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
foolish	O
girls	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
wise	O
girls	O
,	O
'	O
Give	O
us	O
some	O
of	O
your	O
oil	O
.	O


The	O
oil	O
in	O
our	O
lamps	O
is	O
all	O
gone	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
wise	O
girls	O
answered	O
,	O
'	O
No	O
!	O


The	O
oil	O
we	O
have	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
enough	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
go	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
sell	O
oil	O
and	O
buy	O
some	O
for	O
yourselves	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
So	O
the	O
foolish	O
girls	O
went	O
to	O
buy	O
oil	O
.	O


While	O
they	O
were	O
gone	O
,	O
the	O
bridegroom	O
came	O
.	O


The	O
girls	O
who	O
were	O
ready	O
went	O
in	O
with	O
the	O
bridegroom	O
to	O
the	O
wedding	O
feast	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
door	O
was	O
closed	O
and	O
locked	O
.	O


``	O
Later	O
,	O
the	O
other	O
girls	O
came	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Sir	O
,	O
sir	O
!	O


Open	O
the	O
door	O
to	O
let	O
us	O
in	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
bridegroom	O
answered	O
,	O
'	O
Certainly	O
not	O
!	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
know	O
you	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
So	O
always	O
be	O
ready	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
the	O
day	O
or	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
will	O
come	O
.	O


``	O
At	O
that	O
time	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
like	O
a	O
man	O
leaving	O
home	O
to	O
travel	O
to	O
another	O
place	O
for	O
a	O
visit	O
.	O


Before	O
he	O
left	O
,	O
he	O
talked	O
with	O
his	O
servants	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
his	O
servants	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
his	O
things	O
while	O
he	O
was	O
gone	O
.	O


He	O
decided	O
how	O
much	O
each	O
servant	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
gave	O
one	O
servant	O
five	O
bags	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
another	O
servant	O
two	O
bags	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
gave	O
a	O
third	O
servant	O
one	O
bag	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
left	O
.	O


The	O
servant	O
who	O
got	O
five	O
bags	O
went	O
quickly	O
to	O
invest	O
the	O
money	O
.	O


Those	O
five	O
bags	O
of	O
money	O
earned	O
five	O
more	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
the	O
servant	O
who	O
had	O
two	O
bags	O
.	O


That	O
servant	O
invested	O
the	O
money	O
and	O
earned	O
two	O
more	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
servant	O
who	O
got	O
one	O
bag	O
of	O
money	O
went	O
away	O
and	O
dug	O
a	O
hole	O
in	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
hid	O
his	O
master	O
's	O
money	O
in	O
the	O
hole	O
.	O


``	O
After	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
the	O
master	O
came	O
home	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
the	O
servants	O
what	O
they	O
did	O
with	O
his	O
money	O
.	O


The	O
servant	O
who	O
got	O
five	O
bags	O
brought	O
that	O
amount	O
and	O
five	O
more	O
bags	O
of	O
money	O
to	O
the	O
master	O
.	O


The	O
servant	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Master	O
,	O
you	O
trusted	O
me	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
five	O
bags	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
used	O
them	O
to	O
earn	O
five	O
more	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
master	O
answered	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
did	O
right	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
a	O
good	O
servant	O
who	O
can	O
be	O
trusted	O
.	O


You	O
did	O
well	O
with	O
that	O
small	O
amount	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
will	O
let	O
you	O
care	O
for	O
much	O
greater	O
things	O
.	O


Come	O
and	O
share	O
my	O
happiness	O
with	O
me	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Then	O
the	O
servant	O
who	O
got	O
two	O
bags	O
of	O
money	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
master	O
.	O


The	O
servant	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Master	O
,	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
two	O
bags	O
of	O
money	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
used	O
your	O
two	O
bags	O
to	O
earn	O
two	O
more	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
master	O
answered	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
did	O
right	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
a	O
good	O
servant	O
who	O
can	O
be	O
trusted	O
.	O


You	O
did	O
well	O
with	O
a	O
small	O
amount	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
will	O
let	O
you	O
care	O
for	O
much	O
greater	O
things	O
.	O


Come	O
and	O
share	O
my	O
happiness	O
with	O
me	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Then	O
the	O
servant	O
who	O
got	O
one	O
bag	O
of	O
money	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
master	O
.	O


The	O
servant	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Master	O
,	O
I	O
knew	O
you	O
were	O
a	O
very	O
hard	O
man	O
.	O


You	O
harvest	O
what	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
plant	O
.	O


You	O
gather	O
crops	O
where	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
put	O
any	O
seed	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
was	O
afraid	O
.	O


I	O
went	O
and	O
hid	O
your	O
money	O
in	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
bag	O
of	O
money	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
master	O
answered	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
are	O
a	O
bad	O
and	O
lazy	O
servant	O
!	O


You	O
say	O
you	O
knew	O
that	O
I	O
harvest	O
what	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
plant	O
and	O
that	O
I	O
gather	O
crops	O
where	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
put	O
any	O
seed	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
should	O
have	O
put	O
my	O
money	O
in	O
the	O
bank	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
when	O
I	O
came	O
home	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
get	O
my	O
money	O
back	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
would	O
also	O
get	O
the	O
interest	O
that	O
my	O
money	O
earned	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
So	O
the	O
master	O
told	O
his	O
other	O
servants	O
,	O
'	O
Take	O
the	O
one	O
bag	O
of	O
money	O
from	O
that	O
servant	O
and	O
give	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
servant	O
who	O
has	O
ten	O
bags	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
uses	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
will	O
get	O
more	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
have	O
much	O
more	O
than	O
they	O
need	O
.	O


But	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
use	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
will	O
have	O
everything	O
taken	O
away	O
from	O
them	O
.	O
'	O


Then	O
the	O
master	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Throw	O
that	O
useless	O
servant	O
outside	O
into	O
the	O
darkness	O
,	O
where	O
people	O
will	O
cry	O
and	O
grind	O
their	O
teeth	O
with	O
pain	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
will	O
come	O
again	O
with	O
divine	O
greatness	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
his	O
angels	O
will	O
come	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
sit	O
as	O
king	O
on	O
his	O
great	O
and	O
glorious	O
throne	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
will	O
be	O
gathered	O
before	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
will	O
separate	O
everyone	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
like	O
a	O
shepherd	O
separating	O
his	O
sheep	O
from	O
his	O
goats	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
put	O
the	O
sheep	O
on	O
his	O
right	O
and	O
the	O
goats	O
on	O
his	O
left	O
.	O


``	O
Then	O
the	O
king	O
will	O
say	O
to	O
the	O
godly	O
people	O
on	O
his	O
right	O
,	O
'	O
Come	O
,	O
my	O
Father	O
has	O
great	O
blessings	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
kingdom	O
he	O
promised	O
is	O
now	O
yours	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
been	O
prepared	O
for	O
you	O
since	O
the	O
world	O
was	O
made	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
yours	O
because	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
hungry	O
,	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
food	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
thirsty	O
,	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
something	O
to	O
drink	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
had	O
no	O
place	O
to	O
stay	O
,	O
you	O
welcomed	O
me	O
into	O
your	O
home	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
without	O
clothes	O
,	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
something	O
to	O
wear	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
sick	O
,	O
you	O
cared	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
prison	O
,	O
you	O
came	O
to	O
visit	O
me	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Then	O
the	O
godly	O
people	O
will	O
answer	O
,	O
'	O
Lord	O
,	O
when	O
did	O
we	O
see	O
you	O
hungry	O
and	O
give	O
you	O
food	O
?	O


When	O
did	O
we	O
see	O
you	O
thirsty	O
and	O
give	O
you	O
something	O
to	O
drink	O
?	O


When	O
did	O
we	O
see	O
you	O
with	O
no	O
place	O
to	O
stay	O
and	O
welcome	O
you	O
into	O
our	O
home	O
?	O


When	O
did	O
we	O
see	O
you	O
without	O
clothes	O
and	O
give	O
you	O
something	O
to	O
wear	O
?	O


When	O
did	O
we	O
see	O
you	O
sick	O
or	O
in	O
prison	O
and	O
care	O
for	O
you	O
?	O
'	O


``	O
Then	O
the	O
king	O
will	O
answer	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
anything	O
you	O
did	O
for	O
any	O
of	O
my	O
people	O
here	O
,	O
you	O
also	O
did	O
for	O
me	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Then	O
the	O
king	O
will	O
say	O
to	O
the	O
evil	O
people	O
on	O
his	O
left	O
,	O
'	O
Get	O
away	O
from	O
me	O
.	O


God	O
has	O
already	O
decided	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
punished	O
.	O


Go	O
into	O
the	O
fire	O
that	O
burns	O
forever	O
--	O
the	O
fire	O
that	O
was	O
prepared	O
for	O
the	O
devil	O
and	O
his	O
angels	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
go	O
away	O
because	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
hungry	O
,	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
nothing	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
thirsty	O
,	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
nothing	O
to	O
drink	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
had	O
no	O
place	O
to	O
stay	O
,	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
welcome	O
me	O
into	O
your	O
home	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
without	O
clothes	O
,	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
nothing	O
to	O
wear	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
sick	O
and	O
in	O
prison	O
,	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
care	O
for	O
me	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Then	O
those	O
people	O
will	O
answer	O
,	O
'	O
Lord	O
,	O
when	O
did	O
we	O
see	O
you	O
hungry	O
or	O
thirsty	O
?	O


When	O
did	O
we	O
see	O
you	O
without	O
a	O
place	O
to	O
stay	O
?	O


Or	O
when	O
did	O
we	O
see	O
you	O
without	O
clothes	O
or	O
sick	O
or	O
in	O
prison	O
?	O


When	O
did	O
we	O
see	O
any	O
of	O
this	O
and	O
not	O
help	O
you	O
?	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
king	O
will	O
answer	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
anything	O
you	O
refused	O
to	O
do	O
for	O
any	O
of	O
my	O
people	O
here	O
,	O
you	O
refused	O
to	O
do	O
for	O
me	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Then	O
these	O
evil	O
people	O
will	O
go	O
away	O
to	O
be	O
punished	O
forever	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
godly	O
people	O
will	O
go	O
and	O
enjoy	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
Jesus	O
finished	O
saying	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
day	O
after	O
tomorrow	O
is	O
Passover	O
.	O


On	O
that	O
day	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
will	O
be	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
his	O
enemies	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
had	O
a	O
meeting	O
at	O
the	O
palace	O
where	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
lived	O
.	O


The	O
high	O
priest	O
's	O
name	O
was	O
Caiaphas	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
meeting	O
they	O
tried	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
arrest	O
and	O
kill	O
Jesus	O
without	O
anyone	O
knowing	O
what	O
they	O
were	O
doing	O
.	O


They	O
planned	O
to	O
arrest	O
Jesus	O
and	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
can	O
not	O
arrest	O
Jesus	O
during	O
Passover	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
become	O
angry	O
and	O
cause	O
a	O
riot	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
was	O
in	O
Bethany	O
at	O
the	O
house	O
of	O
Simon	O
the	O
leper	O
.	O


While	O
he	O
was	O
there	O
,	O
a	O
woman	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


She	O
had	O
an	O
alabaster	O
jar	O
filled	O
with	O
expensive	O
perfume	O
.	O


She	O
poured	O
the	O
perfume	O
on	O
Jesus	O
'	O
head	O
while	O
he	O
was	O
eating	O
.	O


The	O
followers	O
saw	O
the	O
woman	O
do	O
this	O
and	O
were	O
upset	O
at	O
her	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
waste	O
that	O
perfume	O
?	O


It	O
could	O
be	O
sold	O
for	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
money	O
could	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
poor	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
knew	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
bothering	O
this	O
woman	O
?	O


She	O
did	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
thing	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
always	O
have	O
the	O
poor	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
always	O
have	O
me	O
.	O


This	O
woman	O
poured	O
perfume	O
on	O
my	O
body	O
.	O


She	O
did	O
this	O
to	O
prepare	O
me	O
for	O
burial	O
after	O
I	O
die	O
.	O


The	O
Good	O
News	O
will	O
be	O
told	O
to	O
people	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
can	O
assure	O
you	O
that	O
everywhere	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
is	O
told	O
,	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
what	O
this	O
woman	O
did	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
told	O
,	O
and	O
people	O
will	O
remember	O
her	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
twelve	O
followers	O
went	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
the	O
follower	O
named	O
Judas	O
Iscariot	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
hand	O
Jesus	O
over	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


What	O
will	O
you	O
pay	O
me	O
for	O
doing	O
this	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
priests	O
gave	O
him	O
30	O
silver	O
coins	O
.	O


After	O
that	O
,	O
Judas	O
waited	O
for	O
the	O
best	O
time	O
to	O
hand	O
Jesus	O
over	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
first	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
Festival	O
of	O
Unleavened	O
Bread	O
,	O
the	O
followers	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
will	O
prepare	O
everything	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
eat	O
the	O
Passover	O
meal	O
.	O


Where	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
us	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
meal	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
into	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


Go	O
to	O
a	O
man	O
I	O
know	O
.	O


Tell	O
him	O
that	O
the	O
Teacher	O
says	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
chosen	O
time	O
is	O
near	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
Passover	O
meal	O
with	O
my	O
followers	O
at	O
your	O
house	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


They	O
obeyed	O
and	O
did	O
what	O
Jesus	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


They	O
prepared	O
the	O
Passover	O
meal	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
evening	O
Jesus	O
was	O
at	O
the	O
table	O
with	O
the	O
twelve	O
followers	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
all	O
eating	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Believe	O
me	O
when	O
I	O
say	O
that	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
twelve	O
here	O
will	O
hand	O
me	O
over	O
to	O
my	O
enemies	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
were	O
very	O
sad	O
to	O
hear	O
this	O
.	O


Each	O
one	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
surely	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
the	O
one	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
One	O
who	O
has	O
dipped	O
his	O
bread	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
bowl	O
with	O
me	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
one	O
to	O
hand	O
me	O
over	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
will	O
suffer	O
what	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
bad	O
for	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
hands	O
over	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
for	O
him	O
if	O
he	O
had	O
never	O
been	O
born	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Judas	O
,	O
the	O
very	O
one	O
who	O
would	O
hand	O
him	O
over	O
,	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
surely	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
the	O
one	O
you	O
are	O
talking	O
about	O
,	O
am	O
I	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
they	O
were	O
eating	O
,	O
Jesus	O
took	O
some	O
bread	O
and	O
thanked	O
God	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
broke	O
off	O
some	O
pieces	O
,	O
gave	O
them	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O


Take	O
this	O
bread	O
and	O
eat	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
my	O
body	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
took	O
a	O
cup	O
of	O
wine	O
,	O
thanked	O
God	O
for	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Each	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
drink	O
some	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


This	O
wine	O
is	O
my	O
blood	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
poured	O
out	O
to	O
forgive	O
the	O
sins	O
of	O
many	O
and	O
begin	O
the	O
new	O
agreement	O
from	O
God	O
to	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
drink	O
this	O
wine	O
again	O
until	O
that	O
day	O
when	O
we	O
are	O
together	O
in	O
my	O
Father	O
's	O
kingdom	O
and	O
the	O
wine	O
is	O
new	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
will	O
drink	O
it	O
again	O
with	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
all	O
sang	O
a	O
song	O
and	O
then	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
Mount	O
of	O
Olives	O
.	O


Jesus	O
told	O
the	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Tonight	O
you	O
will	O
all	O
lose	O
your	O
faith	O
in	O
me	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
will	O
kill	O
the	O
shepherd	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
sheep	O
will	O
run	O
away	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
after	O
I	O
am	O
killed	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
will	O
go	O
into	O
Galilee	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
be	O
there	O
before	O
you	O
go	O
there	O
.	O
''	O


Peter	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
All	O
the	O
other	O
followers	O
may	O
lose	O
their	O
faith	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
my	O
faith	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
shaken	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
tonight	O
you	O
will	O
say	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
deny	O
me	O
three	O
times	O
before	O
the	O
rooster	O
crows	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Peter	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
never	O
say	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
you	O
!	O


I	O
will	O
even	O
die	O
with	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


And	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
followers	O
said	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
went	O
with	O
his	O
followers	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
called	O
Gethsemane	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Sit	O
here	O
while	O
I	O
go	O
there	O
and	O
pray	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
told	O
Peter	O
and	O
the	O
two	O
sons	O
of	O
Zebedee	O
to	O
come	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
began	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
sad	O
and	O
troubled	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
Peter	O
and	O
the	O
two	O
sons	O
of	O
Zebedee	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
heart	O
is	O
so	O
heavy	O
with	O
grief	O
,	O
I	O
feel	O
as	O
if	O
I	O
am	O
dying	O
.	O


Wait	O
here	O
and	O
stay	O
awake	O
with	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
went	O
on	O
a	O
little	O
farther	O
away	O
from	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
fell	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
and	O
prayed	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
Father	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
make	O
me	O
drink	O
from	O
this	O
cup	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
,	O
not	O
what	O
I	O
want	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
and	O
found	O
them	O
sleeping	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
Peter	O
,	O
``	O
Could	O
you	O
men	O
not	O
stay	O
awake	O
with	O
me	O
for	O
one	O
hour	O
?	O


Stay	O
awake	O
and	O
pray	O
for	O
strength	O
against	O
temptation	O
.	O


Your	O
spirit	O
wants	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
,	O
but	O
your	O
body	O
is	O
weak	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
went	O
away	O
a	O
second	O
time	O
and	O
prayed	O
,	O
``	O


My	O
Father	O
,	O
if	O
I	O
must	O
do	O
this	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
possible	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
escape	O
it	O
,	O
then	O
I	O
pray	O
that	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
will	O
be	O
done	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
followers	O
.	O


Again	O
he	O
found	O
them	O
sleeping	O
.	O


They	O
could	O
not	O
stay	O
awake	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
left	O
them	O
and	O
went	O
away	O
one	O
more	O
time	O
and	O
prayed	O
.	O


This	O
third	O
time	O
he	O
prayed	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
followers	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Are	O
you	O
still	O
sleeping	O
and	O
resting	O
?	O


The	O
time	O
has	O
come	O
for	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
to	O
be	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
sinful	O
men	O
.	O


Stand	O
up	O
!	O


We	O
must	O
go	O
.	O


Here	O
comes	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
will	O
hand	O
me	O
over	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
Jesus	O
was	O
still	O
speaking	O
,	O
Judas	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
came	O
there	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
a	O
big	O
crowd	O
of	O
people	O
with	O
him	O
,	O
all	O
carrying	O
swords	O
and	O
clubs	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
been	O
sent	O
from	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
older	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


Judas	O
planned	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
to	O
show	O
them	O
which	O
one	O
was	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
one	O
I	O
kiss	O
will	O
be	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Arrest	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Hello	O
,	O
Teacher	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
Judas	O
kissed	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Friend	O
,	O
do	O
the	O
thing	O
you	O
came	O
to	O
do	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
men	O
came	O
and	O
grabbed	O
Jesus	O
and	O
arrested	O
him	O
.	O


When	O
that	O
happened	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
followers	O
with	O
Jesus	O
grabbed	O
his	O
sword	O
and	O
pulled	O
it	O
out	O
.	O


He	O
swung	O
it	O
at	O
the	O
servant	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
and	O
cut	O
off	O
his	O
ear	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
man	O
,	O
``	O
Put	O
your	O
sword	O
back	O
in	O
its	O
place	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
use	O
swords	O
will	O
be	O
killed	O
with	O
swords	O
.	O


Surely	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
could	O
ask	O
my	O
Father	O
and	O
he	O
would	O
give	O
me	O
more	O
than	O
twelve	O
armies	O
of	O
angels	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
must	O
happen	O
this	O
way	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
truth	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
said	O
.	O
''	O
Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
crowd	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
do	O
you	O
come	O
to	O
get	O
me	O
with	O
swords	O
and	O
clubs	O
as	O
if	O
I	O
were	O
a	O
criminal	O
.	O


Every	O
day	O
I	O
sat	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
teaching	O
.	O


You	O
did	O
not	O
arrest	O
me	O
there	O
.	O


But	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
have	O
happened	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
full	O
meaning	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
prophets	O
wrote	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
all	O
of	O
Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
left	O
him	O
and	O
ran	O
away	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
who	O
arrested	O
Jesus	O
led	O
him	O
to	O
the	O
house	O
of	O
Caiaphas	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
.	O


The	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
were	O
gathered	O
there	O
.	O


Peter	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
but	O
stayed	O
back	O
at	O
a	O
distance	O
.	O


He	O
followed	O
him	O
to	O
the	O
yard	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
's	O
house	O
.	O


Peter	O
went	O
in	O
and	O
sat	O
with	O
the	O
guards	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
to	O
see	O
what	O
would	O
happen	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


The	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
high	O
council	O
tried	O
to	O
find	O
something	O
against	O
Jesus	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
tried	O
to	O
find	O
people	O
to	O
lie	O
and	O
say	O
that	O
Jesus	O
had	O
done	O
wrong	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
came	O
and	O
told	O
lies	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
council	O
could	O
find	O
no	O
real	O
reason	O
to	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
two	O
people	O
came	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
man	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
can	O
destroy	O
the	O
Temple	O
of	O
God	O
and	O
build	O
it	O
again	O
in	O
three	O
days	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
you	O
have	O
anything	O
to	O
say	O
about	O
these	O
charges	O
against	O
you	O
?	O


Are	O
they	O
telling	O
the	O
truth	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
nothing	O
.	O


Again	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
now	O
under	O
oath	O
.	O


I	O
command	O
you	O
by	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
living	O
God	O
to	O
tell	O
us	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


Tell	O
us	O
,	O
are	O
you	O
the	O
Christ	O
,	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
sitting	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
side	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
coming	O
on	O
the	O
clouds	O
of	O
heaven	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
tore	O
his	O
clothes	O
in	O
anger	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
man	O
has	O
said	O
things	O
that	O
insult	O
God	O
!	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
any	O
more	O
witnesses	O
.	O


You	O
all	O
heard	O
his	O
insulting	O
words	O
.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
is	O
guilty	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
must	O
die	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
some	O
there	O
spit	O
in	O
Jesus	O
'	O
face	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
hit	O
him	O
with	O
their	O
fists	O
.	O


Others	O
slapped	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Show	O
us	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
prophet	O
,	O
Christ	O
!	O


Tell	O
us	O
who	O
hit	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


While	O
Peter	O
was	O
sitting	O
outside	O
in	O
the	O
yard	O
,	O
a	O
servant	O
girl	O
came	O
up	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


She	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
were	O
with	O
Jesus	O
,	O
that	O
man	O
from	O
Galilee	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Peter	O
told	O
everyone	O
there	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
not	O
true	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
talking	O
about	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
left	O
the	O
yard	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
gate	O
another	O
girl	O
saw	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
there	O
,	O
``	O


This	O
man	O
was	O
with	O
Jesus	O
of	O
Nazareth	O
.	O
''	O


Again	O
,	O
Peter	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
never	O
with	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
swear	O
to	O
God	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
the	O
man	O
!	O
''	O


A	O
short	O
time	O
later	O
those	O
standing	O
there	O
went	O
to	O
Peter	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
know	O
you	O
are	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
clear	O
from	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
talk	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Peter	O
began	O
to	O
curse	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
swear	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
the	O
man	O
!	O
''	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
he	O
said	O
this	O
,	O
a	O
rooster	O
crowed	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
remembered	O
what	O
Jesus	O
had	O
told	O
him	O
:	O
``	O


Before	O
the	O
rooster	O
crows	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
say	O
three	O
times	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Peter	O
went	O
outside	O
and	O
cried	O
bitterly	O
.	O


Early	O
the	O
next	O
morning	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
older	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
met	O
and	O
decided	O
to	O
kill	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
tied	O
him	O
,	O
led	O
him	O
away	O
,	O
and	O
handed	O
him	O
over	O
to	O
Pilate	O
,	O
the	O
governor	O
.	O


Judas	O
saw	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
decided	O
to	O
kill	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
had	O
handed	O
him	O
over	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
saw	O
what	O
happened	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
very	O
sorry	O
for	O
what	O
he	O
had	O
done	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
took	O
the	O
30	O
silver	O
coins	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
older	O
leaders	O
.	O


Judas	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
sinned	O
.	O


I	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
you	O
an	O
innocent	O
man	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
!	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
problem	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
not	O
us	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Judas	O
threw	O
the	O
money	O
into	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
went	O
out	O
from	O
there	O
and	O
hanged	O
himself	O
.	O


The	O
leading	O
priests	O
picked	O
up	O
the	O
silver	O
coins	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Our	O
law	O
does	O
not	O
allow	O
us	O
to	O
keep	O
this	O
money	O
with	O
the	O
Temple	O
money	O
,	O
because	O
this	O
money	O
has	O
paid	O
for	O
a	O
man	O
's	O
death	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
they	O
decided	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
money	O
to	O
buy	O
a	O
field	O
called	O
Potter	O
's	O
Field	O
.	O


This	O
field	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
place	O
to	O
bury	O
people	O
who	O
died	O
while	O
visiting	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
that	O
field	O
is	O
still	O
called	O
the	O
Field	O
of	O
Blood	O
.	O


This	O
showed	O
the	O
full	O
meaning	O
of	O
what	O
Jeremiah	O
the	O
prophet	O
said	O
:	O
``	O
They	O
took	O
30	O
silver	O
coins	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
how	O
much	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
decided	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
his	O
life	O
.	O


They	O
used	O
those	O
30	O
silver	O
coins	O
to	O
buy	O
the	O
potter	O
's	O
field	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Lord	O
commanded	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
stood	O
before	O
Pilate	O
,	O
the	O
governor	O
,	O
who	O
asked	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Are	O
you	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
right	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
made	O
their	O
accusations	O
against	O
Jesus	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
nothing	O
.	O


So	O
Pilate	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
you	O
hear	O
all	O
these	O
charges	O
they	O
are	O
making	O
against	O
you	O
?	O


Why	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
answer	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
did	O
not	O
say	O
anything	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
really	O
surprised	O
the	O
governor	O
.	O


Every	O
year	O
at	O
Passover	O
time	O
the	O
governor	O
would	O
free	O
one	O
prisoner	O
--	O
whichever	O
one	O
the	O
people	O
wanted	O
him	O
to	O
free	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
in	O
prison	O
who	O
was	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
bad	O
.	O


His	O
name	O
was	O
Barabbas	O
.	O


When	O
a	O
crowd	O
gathered	O
,	O
Pilate	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
free	O
one	O
man	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Which	O
one	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
me	O
to	O
free	O
:	O
Barabbas	O
or	O
Jesus	O
who	O
is	O
called	O
the	O
Christ	O
?	O
''	O


Pilate	O
knew	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
handed	O
Jesus	O
over	O
to	O
him	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
jealous	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


While	O
Pilate	O
was	O
sitting	O
there	O
in	O
the	O
place	O
for	O
judging	O
,	O
his	O
wife	O
sent	O
a	O
message	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


It	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
do	O
anything	O
with	O
that	O
man	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
not	O
guilty	O
.	O


Last	O
night	O
I	O
had	O
a	O
dream	O
about	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
troubled	O
me	O
very	O
much	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
ask	O
for	O
Barabbas	O
to	O
be	O
set	O
free	O
and	O
for	O
Jesus	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O


Pilate	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
have	O
Barabbas	O
and	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Which	O
one	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
me	O
to	O
set	O
free	O
for	O
you	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Barabbas	O
!	O
''	O


Pilate	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
So	O
what	O
should	O
I	O
do	O
with	O
Jesus	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
called	O
the	O
Christ	O
?	O
''	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Kill	O
him	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
!	O
''	O


Pilate	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
me	O
to	O
kill	O
him	O
?	O


What	O
wrong	O
has	O
he	O
done	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
they	O
shouted	O
louder	O
,	O
``	O
Kill	O
him	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
!	O
''	O


Pilate	O
saw	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
nothing	O
he	O
could	O
do	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
people	O
change	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
it	O
looked	O
as	O
if	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
riot	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
took	O
some	O
water	O
and	O
washed	O
his	O
hands	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
them	O
all	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
guilty	O
of	O
this	O
man	O
's	O
death	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
are	O
doing	O
it	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
will	O
take	O
full	O
responsibility	O
for	O
his	O
death	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
blame	O
us	O
and	O
even	O
our	O
children	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
Pilate	O
set	O
Barabbas	O
free	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
told	O
some	O
soldiers	O
to	O
beat	O
Jesus	O
with	O
whips	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
handed	O
him	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
soldiers	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O


Then	O
Pilate	O
's	O
soldiers	O
took	O
Jesus	O
into	O
the	O
governor	O
's	O
palace	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
soldiers	O
gathered	O
around	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
took	O
off	O
Jesus	O
'	O
clothes	O
and	O
put	O
a	O
red	O
robe	O
on	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
made	O
a	O
crown	O
from	O
thorny	O
branches	O
and	O
put	O
it	O
on	O
his	O
head	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
put	O
a	O
stick	O
in	O
his	O
right	O
hand	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
bowed	O
before	O
him	O
,	O
making	O
fun	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
salute	O
you	O
,	O
king	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
!	O
''	O


They	O
spit	O
on	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
took	O
his	O
stick	O
and	O
kept	O
hitting	O
him	O
on	O
the	O
head	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


After	O
they	O
finished	O
making	O
fun	O
of	O
him	O
,	O
the	O
soldiers	O
took	O
off	O
the	O
robe	O
and	O
put	O
his	O
own	O
clothes	O
on	O
him	O
again	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
led	O
him	O
away	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O


The	O
soldiers	O
were	O
going	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
with	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
a	O
man	O
from	O
Cyrene	O
named	O
Simon	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
forced	O
him	O
to	O
carry	O
Jesus	O
'	O
cross	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
place	O
called	O
Golgotha	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Golgotha	O
means	O
``	O
The	O
Place	O
of	O
the	O
Skull	O
.	O
''	O
-RRB-	O


There	O
the	O
soldiers	O
gave	O
Jesus	O
some	O
wine	O
mixed	O
with	O
gall	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
he	O
tasted	O
it	O
,	O
he	O
refused	O
to	O
drink	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
soldiers	O
nailed	O
Jesus	O
to	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
threw	O
dice	O
to	O
divide	O
his	O
clothes	O
between	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
soldiers	O
stayed	O
there	O
to	O
guard	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
put	O
a	O
sign	O
above	O
his	O
head	O
with	O
the	O
charge	O
against	O
him	O
written	O
on	O
it	O
:	O
``	O
this	O
is	O
jesus	O
,	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
the	O
jews	O
.	O
''	O


Two	O
criminals	O
were	O
nailed	O
to	O
crosses	O
beside	O
Jesus	O
--	O
one	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
on	O
the	O
left	O
.	O


People	O
walked	O
by	O
and	O
shouted	O
insults	O
at	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
shook	O
their	O
heads	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
said	O
you	O
could	O
destroy	O
the	O
Temple	O
and	O
build	O
it	O
again	O
in	O
three	O
days	O
.	O


So	O
save	O
yourself	O
!	O


Come	O
down	O
from	O
that	O
cross	O
if	O
you	O
really	O
are	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
leading	O
priests	O
,	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
were	O
also	O
there	O
.	O


They	O
made	O
fun	O
of	O
Jesus	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
other	O
people	O
did	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
saved	O
others	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
ca	O
n't	O
save	O
himself	O
!	O


People	O
say	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
Israel	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
king	O
,	O
he	O
should	O
come	O
down	O
now	O
from	O
the	O
cross	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
will	O
believe	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
trusted	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
let	O
God	O
save	O
him	O
now	O
,	O
if	O
God	O
really	O
wants	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
himself	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


And	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
criminals	O
on	O
the	O
crosses	O
beside	O
Jesus	O
also	O
insulted	O
him	O
.	O


At	O
noon	O
the	O
whole	O
country	O
became	O
dark	O
.	O


The	O
darkness	O
continued	O
for	O
three	O
hours	O
.	O


About	O
three	O
o'clock	O
Jesus	O
cried	O
out	O
loudly	O
,	O
``	O
Eli	O
,	O
Eli	O
,	O
lema	O
sabachthani	O
?	O
''	O


This	O
means	O
``	O
My	O
God	O
,	O
my	O
God	O
,	O
why	O
have	O
you	O
left	O
me	O
alone	O
?	O
''	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
standing	O
there	O
heard	O
this	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
is	O
calling	O
Elijah	O
.	O
''	O


Quickly	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
ran	O
and	O
got	O
a	O
sponge	O
.	O


He	O
filled	O
the	O
sponge	O
with	O
sour	O
wine	O
and	O
tied	O
the	O
sponge	O
to	O
a	O
stick	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
used	O
the	O
stick	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
sponge	O
to	O
Jesus	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
drink	O
from	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
others	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
bother	O
him	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
Elijah	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
save	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


Again	O
Jesus	O
cried	O
out	O
loudly	O
and	O
then	O
died	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
died	O
,	O
the	O
curtain	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
was	O
torn	O
into	O
two	O
pieces	O
.	O


The	O
tear	O
started	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
and	O
tore	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
bottom	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
the	O
earth	O
shook	O
and	O
rocks	O
were	O
broken	O
.	O


The	O
graves	O
opened	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
who	O
had	O
died	O
were	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
graves	O
.	O


And	O
after	O
Jesus	O
was	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
they	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
holy	O
city	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
people	O
saw	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
army	O
officer	O
and	O
the	O
soldiers	O
guarding	O
Jesus	O
saw	O
this	O
earthquake	O
and	O
everything	O
that	O
happened	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
very	O
afraid	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
really	O
was	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
!	O
''	O


Many	O
women	O
were	O
standing	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
cross	O
,	O
watching	O
.	O


These	O
were	O
the	O
women	O
who	O
had	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
from	O
Galilee	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


Mary	O
Magdalene	O
,	O
Mary	O
the	O
mother	O
of	O
James	O
and	O
Joseph	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
mother	O
of	O
James	O
and	O
John	O
were	O
there	O
.	O


That	O
evening	O
a	O
rich	O
man	O
named	O
Joseph	O
came	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
follower	O
of	O
Jesus	O
from	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Arimathea	O
.	O


The	O
day	O
after	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
week	O
.	O


That	O
day	O
at	O
dawn	O
Mary	O
Magdalene	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
woman	O
named	O
Mary	O
went	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
tomb	O
.	O


Suddenly	O
an	O
angel	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
sky	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
huge	O
earthquake	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
tomb	O
and	O
rolled	O
the	O
stone	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
entrance	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
sat	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
stone	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
was	O
shining	O
as	O
bright	O
as	O
lightning	O
.	O


His	O
clothes	O
were	O
as	O
white	O
as	O
snow	O
.	O


The	O
soldiers	O
guarding	O
the	O
tomb	O
were	O
very	O
afraid	O
of	O
the	O
angel	O
.	O


They	O
shook	O
with	O
fear	O
and	O
then	O
became	O
like	O
dead	O
men	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
women	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
you	O
are	O
looking	O
for	O
Jesus	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
killed	O
on	O
the	O
cross	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
here	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
risen	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
said	O
he	O
would	O
.	O


Come	O
and	O
see	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
his	O
body	O
was	O
.	O


And	O
go	O
quickly	O
and	O
tell	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
'	O
Jesus	O
has	O
risen	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
going	O
into	O
Galilee	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
there	O
before	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
see	O
him	O
there	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
angel	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Now	O
I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
women	O
left	O
the	O
tomb	O
quickly	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
afraid	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
also	O
very	O
happy	O
.	O


They	O
ran	O
to	O
tell	O
his	O
followers	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


Suddenly	O
,	O
Jesus	O
was	O
there	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Hello	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
women	O
went	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
,	O
holding	O
on	O
to	O
his	O
feet	O
,	O
worshiped	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


Go	O
tell	O
my	O
followers	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Galilee	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
see	O
me	O
there	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
women	O
went	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
followers	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
soldiers	O
who	O
were	O
guarding	O
the	O
tomb	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
everything	O
that	O
happened	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
priests	O
met	O
with	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
and	O
made	O
a	O
plan	O
.	O


They	O
paid	O
the	O
soldiers	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Tell	O
the	O
people	O
that	O
Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
came	O
during	O
the	O
night	O
and	O
stole	O
the	O
body	O
while	O
you	O
were	O
sleeping	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
governor	O
hears	O
about	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
talk	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
keep	O
you	O
out	O
of	O
trouble	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
soldiers	O
kept	O
the	O
money	O
and	O
obeyed	O
the	O
priests	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
story	O
is	O
still	O
spread	O
among	O
the	O
Jews	O
even	O
today	O
.	O


The	O
eleven	O
followers	O
went	O
to	O
Galilee	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
mountain	O
where	O
Jesus	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
mountain	O
the	O
followers	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
worshiped	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
followers	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
really	O
Jesus	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
came	O
to	O
them	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
All	O
authority	O
in	O
heaven	O
and	O
on	O
earth	O
is	O
given	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


So	O
go	O
and	O
make	O
followers	O
of	O
all	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Baptize	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
the	O
Son	O
and	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


Teach	O
them	O
to	O
obey	O
everything	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
be	O
sure	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
always	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
continue	O
with	O
you	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
time	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
,	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
begins	O
with	O
what	O
the	O
prophet	O
Isaiah	O
said	O
would	O
happen	O
.	O


He	O
wrote	O
:	O
``	O
Listen	O
!	O


I	O
will	O
send	O
my	O
messenger	O
ahead	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
prepare	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
There	O
is	O
someone	O
shouting	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
:	O
'	O
Prepare	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Make	O
the	O
road	O
straight	O
for	O
him	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


So	O
John	O
the	O
Baptizer	O
came	O
and	O
was	O
baptizing	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
area	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
baptized	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
change	O
their	O
lives	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
their	O
sins	O
would	O
be	O
forgiven	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
from	O
Judea	O
,	O
including	O
everyone	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
came	O
out	O
to	O
John	O
.	O


They	O
confessed	O
the	O
bad	O
things	O
they	O
had	O
done	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
baptized	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
Jordan	O
River	O
.	O


John	O
wore	O
clothes	O
made	O
from	O
camel	O
's	O
hair	O
and	O
a	O
leather	O
belt	O
around	O
his	O
waist	O
.	O


He	O
ate	O
locusts	O
and	O
wild	O
honey	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
John	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
:	O
``	O
There	O
is	O
someone	O
coming	O
later	O
who	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
more	O
than	O
I	O
can	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
good	O
enough	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
slave	O
who	O
stoops	O
down	O
to	O
untie	O
his	O
sandals	O
.	O


I	O
baptize	O
you	O
with	O
water	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
coming	O
will	O
baptize	O
you	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O
''	O


About	O
that	O
time	O
Jesus	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Nazareth	O
in	O
Galilee	O
to	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
John	O
was	O
.	O


John	O
baptized	O
Jesus	O
in	O
the	O
Jordan	O
River	O
.	O


As	O
Jesus	O
was	O
coming	O
up	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
he	O
saw	O
the	O
sky	O
torn	O
open	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
came	O
down	O
on	O
him	O
like	O
a	O
dove	O
.	O


A	O
voice	O
came	O
from	O
heaven	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
my	O
Son	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
I	O
love	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
very	O
pleased	O
with	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
Spirit	O
sent	O
Jesus	O
into	O
the	O
desert	O
alone	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
there	O
for	O
40	O
days	O
,	O
being	O
tempted	O
by	O
Satan	O
.	O


During	O
this	O
time	O
he	O
was	O
out	O
among	O
the	O
wild	O
animals	O
.	O


Then	O
angels	O
came	O
and	O
helped	O
him	O
.	O


After	O
John	O
was	O
put	O
in	O
prison	O
,	O
Jesus	O
went	O
into	O
Galilee	O
and	O
told	O
people	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
right	O
time	O
is	O
now	O
here	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
near	O
.	O


Change	O
your	O
hearts	O
and	O
lives	O
,	O
and	O
believe	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
was	O
walking	O
by	O
Lake	O
Galilee	O
.	O


He	O
saw	O
Simon	O
and	O
his	O
brother	O
,	O
Andrew	O
.	O


These	O
two	O
men	O
were	O
fishermen	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
throwing	O
a	O
net	O
into	O
the	O
lake	O
to	O
catch	O
fish	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
,	O
follow	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
make	O
you	O
a	O
different	O
kind	O
of	O
fishermen	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
bring	O
in	O
people	O
,	O
not	O
fish	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
they	O
immediately	O
left	O
their	O
nets	O
and	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Jesus	O
continued	O
walking	O
by	O
Lake	O
Galilee	O
.	O


He	O
saw	O
two	O
more	O
brothers	O
,	O
James	O
and	O
John	O
,	O
the	O
sons	O
of	O
Zebedee	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
in	O
their	O
boat	O
,	O
preparing	O
their	O
nets	O
to	O
catch	O
fish	O
.	O


Their	O
father	O
Zebedee	O
and	O
the	O
men	O
who	O
worked	O
for	O
him	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
boat	O
with	O
the	O
brothers	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
saw	O
the	O
brothers	O
,	O
he	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


They	O
left	O
their	O
father	O
and	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
went	O
to	O
Capernaum	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
,	O
Jesus	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
synagogue	O
and	O
taught	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
amazed	O
at	O
his	O
teaching	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
teach	O
like	O
their	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


He	O
taught	O
like	O
someone	O
with	O
authority	O
.	O


While	O
Jesus	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
synagogue	O
,	O
a	O
man	O
was	O
there	O
who	O
had	O
an	O
evil	O
spirit	O
inside	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
Jesus	O
of	O
Nazareth	O
!	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
with	O
us	O
?	O


Did	O
you	O
come	O
to	O
destroy	O
us	O
?	O


I	O
know	O
who	O
you	O
are	O
--	O
God	O
's	O
Holy	O
One	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
,	O
his	O
voice	O
full	O
of	O
warning	O
,	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
quiet	O
,	O
and	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
him	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
evil	O
spirit	O
made	O
the	O
man	O
shake	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
spirit	O
made	O
a	O
loud	O
noise	O
and	O
came	O
out	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
were	O
amazed	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
is	O
happening	O
here	O
?	O


This	O
man	O
is	O
teaching	O
something	O
new	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
teaches	O
with	O
authority	O
!	O


He	O
even	O
commands	O
evil	O
spirits	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
obey	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
news	O
about	O
Jesus	O
spread	O
quickly	O
everywhere	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
Galilee	O
.	O


Jesus	O
and	O
the	O
followers	O
left	O
the	O
synagogue	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
went	O
with	O
James	O
and	O
John	O
to	O
the	O
home	O
of	O
Simon	O
and	O
Andrew	O
.	O


Simon	O
's	O
mother	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
was	O
very	O
sick	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
in	O
bed	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
fever	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
there	O
told	O
Jesus	O
about	O
her	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
her	O
bed	O
.	O


Jesus	O
held	O
her	O
hand	O
and	O
helped	O
her	O
stand	O
up	O
.	O


The	O
fever	O
left	O
her	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
healed	O
.	O


Then	O
she	O
began	O
serving	O
them	O
.	O


That	O
night	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
sun	O
went	O
down	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
brought	O
to	O
Jesus	O
many	O
who	O
were	O
sick	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
brought	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
demons	O
inside	O
them	O
.	O


Everyone	O
in	O
the	O
town	O
gathered	O
at	O
the	O
door	O
of	O
that	O
house	O
.	O


Jesus	O
healed	O
many	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
sicknesses	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
forced	O
many	O
demons	O
out	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
allow	O
the	O
demons	O
to	O
speak	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
knew	O
who	O
he	O
was	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
morning	O
Jesus	O
woke	O
up	O
very	O
early	O
.	O


He	O
left	O
the	O
house	O
while	O
it	O
was	O
still	O
dark	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
he	O
could	O
be	O
alone	O
and	O
pray	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
Simon	O
and	O
his	O
friends	O
went	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
found	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Everyone	O
is	O
looking	O
for	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
should	O
go	O
to	O
another	O
place	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
go	O
to	O
other	O
towns	O
around	O
here	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
to	O
those	O
people	O
too	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
came	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Jesus	O
traveled	O
everywhere	O
in	O
Galilee	O
.	O


He	O
spoke	O
in	O
the	O
synagogues	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
forced	O
demons	O
out	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


A	O
man	O
who	O
had	O
leprosy	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
bowed	O
on	O
his	O
knees	O
and	O
begged	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
have	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
heal	O
me	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
felt	O
sorry	O
for	O
the	O
man	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
touched	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
heal	O
you	O
.	O


Be	O
healed	O
!	O
''	O


Immediately	O
the	O
leprosy	O
disappeared	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
man	O
was	O
healed	O
.	O


Jesus	O
told	O
the	O
man	O
to	O
go	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
gave	O
him	O
a	O
strong	O
warning	O
:	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
tell	O
anyone	O
about	O
what	O
I	O
did	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
go	O
and	O
let	O
the	O
priest	O
look	O
at	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
offer	O
a	O
gift	O
to	O
God	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
healed	O
.	O


Offer	O
the	O
gift	O
that	O
Moses	O
commanded	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
show	O
everyone	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
healed	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
man	O
left	O
there	O
and	O
told	O
everyone	O
he	O
saw	O
that	O
Jesus	O
had	O
healed	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
news	O
about	O
Jesus	O
spread	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
is	O
why	O
he	O
could	O
not	O
enter	O
a	O
town	O
if	O
people	O
saw	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
stayed	O
in	O
places	O
where	O
people	O
did	O
not	O
live	O
.	O


But	O
people	O
came	O
from	O
all	O
the	O
towns	O
to	O
the	O
places	O
where	O
he	O
was	O
.	O


A	O
few	O
days	O
later	O
,	O
Jesus	O
came	O
back	O
to	O
Capernaum	O
.	O


The	O
news	O
spread	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
back	O
home	O
.	O


A	O
large	O
crowd	O
gathered	O
to	O
hear	O
him	O
speak	O
.	O


The	O
house	O
was	O
so	O
full	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
place	O
to	O
stand	O
,	O
not	O
even	O
outside	O
the	O
door	O
.	O


While	O
Jesus	O
was	O
teaching	O
,	O
some	O
people	O
brought	O
a	O
paralyzed	O
man	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
being	O
carried	O
by	O
four	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
get	O
the	O
man	O
inside	O
to	O
Jesus	O
because	O
the	O
house	O
was	O
so	O
full	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
roof	O
above	O
Jesus	O
and	O
made	O
a	O
hole	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
lowered	O
the	O
mat	O
with	O
the	O
paralyzed	O
man	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
saw	O
how	O
much	O
faith	O
they	O
had	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
paralyzed	O
man	O
,	O
``	O
Young	O
man	O
,	O
your	O
sins	O
are	O
forgiven	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
were	O
sitting	O
there	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
what	O
Jesus	O
did	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
said	O
to	O
themselves	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
does	O
this	O
man	O
say	O
things	O
like	O
that	O
?	O


What	O
an	O
insult	O
to	O
God	O
!	O


No	O
one	O
but	O
God	O
can	O
forgive	O
sins	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
knew	O
immediately	O
what	O
these	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
were	O
thinking	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
do	O
you	O
have	O
these	O
questions	O
in	O
your	O
minds	O
?	O


The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
has	O
power	O
on	O
earth	O
to	O
forgive	O
sins	O
.	O


But	O
how	O
can	O
I	O
prove	O
this	O
to	O
you	O
?	O


Maybe	O
you	O
are	O
thinking	O
it	O
was	O
easy	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
say	O
to	O
the	O
crippled	O
man	O
,	O
'	O
Your	O
sins	O
are	O
forgiven	O
.	O
'	O


There	O
's	O
no	O
proof	O
it	O
really	O
happened	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
if	O
I	O
say	O
to	O
the	O
man	O
,	O
'	O
Stand	O
up	O
.	O


Take	O
your	O
mat	O
and	O
walk	O
'	O
?	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
I	O
really	O
have	O
this	O
power	O
or	O
not	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
paralyzed	O
man	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
stand	O
up	O
.	O


Take	O
your	O
mat	O
and	O
go	O
home	O
.	O
''	O


Immediately	O
the	O
paralyzed	O
man	O
stood	O
up	O
.	O


He	O
picked	O
up	O
his	O
mat	O
and	O
walked	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
room	O
.	O


Everyone	O
could	O
see	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
amazed	O
and	O
praised	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
amazing	O
thing	O
we	O
have	O
ever	O
seen	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
lake	O
again	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
people	O
followed	O
him	O
there	O
.	O


So	O
Jesus	O
taught	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
walking	O
beside	O
the	O
lake	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
saw	O
a	O
man	O
named	O
Levi	O
,	O
son	O
of	O
Alphaeus	O
.	O


Levi	O
was	O
sitting	O
at	O
his	O
place	O
for	O
collecting	O
taxes	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Follow	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Levi	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Later	O
that	O
day	O
,	O
Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
ate	O
at	O
Levi	O
's	O
house	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
also	O
many	O
tax	O
collectors	O
and	O
others	O
with	O
bad	O
reputations	O
eating	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
There	O
were	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
people	O
who	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


When	O
some	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
who	O
were	O
Pharisees	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
eating	O
with	O
such	O
bad	O
people	O
,	O
they	O
asked	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
does	O
he	O
eat	O
with	O
tax	O
collectors	O
and	O
sinners	O
?	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
the	O
sick	O
people	O
who	O
need	O
a	O
doctor	O
,	O
not	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
healthy	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
not	O
come	O
to	O
invite	O
good	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
came	O
to	O
invite	O
sinners	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
of	O
John	O
and	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
were	O
fasting	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
John	O
's	O
followers	O
fast	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
followers	O
of	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
fast	O
.	O


But	O
your	O
followers	O
do	O
n't	O
fast	O
.	O


Why	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
At	O
a	O
wedding	O
the	O
friends	O
of	O
the	O
bridegroom	O
are	O
not	O
sad	O
while	O
he	O
is	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
not	O
fast	O
while	O
the	O
bridegroom	O
is	O
still	O
there	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
time	O
will	O
come	O
when	O
the	O
bridegroom	O
will	O
be	O
taken	O
from	O
them	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
will	O
fast	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
someone	O
sews	O
a	O
patch	O
over	O
a	O
hole	O
in	O
an	O
old	O
coat	O
,	O
they	O
never	O
use	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
cloth	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
yet	O
shrunk	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
do	O
,	O
the	O
patch	O
will	O
shrink	O
and	O
pull	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
coat	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
hole	O
will	O
be	O
worse	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
ever	O
pours	O
new	O
wine	O
into	O
old	O
wineskins	O
.	O


The	O
wine	O
would	O
break	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
wine	O
would	O
be	O
ruined	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
wineskins	O
.	O


You	O
always	O
put	O
new	O
wine	O
into	O
new	O
wineskins	O
.	O
''	O


On	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
,	O
Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
were	O
walking	O
through	O
some	O
grain	O
fields	O
.	O


The	O
followers	O
picked	O
some	O
grain	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


Some	O
Pharisees	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
your	O
followers	O
doing	O
this	O
?	O


It	O
is	O
against	O
the	O
law	O
to	O
pick	O
grain	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
have	O
read	O
what	O
David	O
did	O
when	O
he	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
with	O
him	O
were	O
hungry	O
and	O
needed	O
food	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
during	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Abiathar	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
.	O


David	O
went	O
into	O
God	O
's	O
house	O
and	O
ate	O
the	O
bread	O
that	O
was	O
offered	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
says	O
that	O
only	O
priests	O
can	O
eat	O
that	O
bread	O
.	O


David	O
also	O
gave	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
bread	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
with	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
was	O
made	O
to	O
help	O
people	O
.	O


People	O
were	O
not	O
made	O
to	O
be	O
ruled	O
by	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
is	O
Lord	O
of	O
every	O
day	O
,	O
even	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
.	O
''	O


Another	O
time	O
Jesus	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
synagogue	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
synagogue	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
with	O
a	O
crippled	O
hand	O
.	O


Some	O
Jews	O
there	O
were	O
watching	O
Jesus	O
closely	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
waiting	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
he	O
would	O
heal	O
the	O
man	O
on	O
a	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
see	O
Jesus	O
do	O
something	O
wrong	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
accuse	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
man	O
with	O
the	O
crippled	O
hand	O
,	O
``	O
Stand	O
up	O
here	O
so	O
that	O
everyone	O
can	O
see	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
asked	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
``	O
Which	O
is	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
to	O
do	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
:	O
to	O
do	O
good	O
or	O
to	O
do	O
evil	O
?	O


Is	O
it	O
right	O
to	O
save	O
a	O
life	O
or	O
to	O
destroy	O
one	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
said	O
nothing	O
to	O
answer	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
looked	O
at	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
angry	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
felt	O
very	O
sad	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
so	O
stubborn	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
man	O
,	O
``	O
Hold	O
out	O
your	O
hand	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
man	O
held	O
out	O
his	O
hand	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
healed	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
left	O
and	O
made	O
plans	O
with	O
the	O
Herodians	O
about	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
kill	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Jesus	O
went	O
away	O
with	O
his	O
followers	O
to	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


A	O
large	O
crowd	O
of	O
people	O
from	O
Galilee	O
followed	O
them	O
.	O


Many	O
also	O
came	O
from	O
Judea	O
,	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
from	O
Idumea	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
area	O
across	O
the	O
Jordan	O
River	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
area	O
around	O
Tyre	O
and	O
Sidon	O
.	O


These	O
people	O
came	O
because	O
they	O
heard	O
about	O
all	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
doing	O
.	O


Jesus	O
saw	O
how	O
many	O
people	O
there	O
were	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
told	O
his	O
followers	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
small	O
boat	O
and	O
make	O
it	O
ready	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
the	O
boat	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
crowds	O
of	O
people	O
could	O
not	O
push	O
against	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
healed	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
so	O
all	O
the	O
sick	O
people	O
were	O
pushing	O
toward	O
him	O
to	O
touch	O
him	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
had	O
evil	O
spirits	O
inside	O
them	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
evil	O
spirits	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
,	O
they	O
bowed	O
before	O
him	O
and	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
!	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
gave	O
the	O
spirits	O
a	O
strong	O
warning	O
not	O
to	O
tell	O
anyone	O
who	O
he	O
was	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
went	O
up	O
on	O
a	O
hill	O
and	O
invited	O
those	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
go	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
joined	O
him	O
there	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
chose	O
twelve	O
men	O
and	O
called	O
them	O
apostles	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
these	O
twelve	O
men	O
to	O
be	O
with	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
send	O
them	O
to	O
other	O
places	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
wanted	O
them	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
force	O
demons	O
out	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
names	O
of	O
the	O
twelve	O
men	O
Jesus	O
chose	O
:	O


Simon	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
one	O
Jesus	O
named	O
Peter	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
James	O
and	O
his	O
brother	O
John	O
,	O
the	O
sons	O
of	O
Zebedee	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
ones	O
Jesus	O
named	O
Boanerges	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
``	O
Sons	O
of	O
Thunder	O
''	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Andrew	O
,	O
Philip	O
,	O
Bartholomew	O
,	O
Matthew	O
,	O
Thomas	O
,	O
James	O
,	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Alphaeus	O
,	O
Thaddaeus	O
,	O
Simon	O
,	O
the	O
Zealot	O
,	O
Judas	O
Iscariot	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
handed	O
Jesus	O
over	O
to	O
his	O
enemies	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
went	O
home	O
,	O
but	O
again	O
a	O
large	O
crowd	O
gathered	O
there	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
that	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
could	O
not	O
eat	O
.	O


His	O
family	O
heard	O
about	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
to	O
get	O
him	O
because	O
people	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
crazy	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Satan	O
is	O
living	O
inside	O
him	O
!	O


He	O
uses	O
power	O
from	O
the	O
ruler	O
of	O
demons	O
to	O
force	O
demons	O
out	O
of	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Jesus	O
called	O
them	O
together	O
and	O
talked	O
to	O
them	O
using	O
some	O
stories	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Satan	O
will	O
not	O
force	O
his	O
own	O
demons	O
out	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


A	O
kingdom	O
that	O
fights	O
against	O
itself	O
will	O
not	O
survive	O
.	O


And	O
a	O
family	O
that	O
is	O
divided	O
will	O
not	O
survive	O
.	O


If	O
Satan	O
is	O
against	O
himself	O
and	O
is	O
fighting	O
against	O
his	O
own	O
people	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
survive	O
.	O


That	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
Satan	O
.	O


``	O
Whoever	O
wants	O
to	O
enter	O
a	O
strong	O
man	O
's	O
house	O
and	O
steal	O
his	O
things	O
must	O
first	O
tie	O
him	O
up	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
can	O
steal	O
the	O
things	O
from	O
his	O
house	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
people	O
can	O
be	O
forgiven	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
sinful	O
things	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
even	O
be	O
forgiven	O
for	O
the	O
bad	O
things	O
they	O
say	O
against	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
anyone	O
who	O
speaks	O
against	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
forgiven	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
always	O
be	O
guilty	O
of	O
that	O
sin	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
this	O
because	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
had	O
accused	O
him	O
of	O
having	O
an	O
evil	O
spirit	O
inside	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
'	O
mother	O
and	O
brothers	O
came	O
.	O


They	O
stood	O
outside	O
and	O
sent	O
someone	O
in	O
to	O
tell	O
him	O
to	O
come	O
out	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
were	O
sitting	O
around	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Your	O
mother	O
and	O
brothers	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
you	O
outside	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
is	O
my	O
mother	O
?	O


Who	O
are	O
my	O
brothers	O
?	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
looked	O
at	O
the	O
people	O
sitting	O
around	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
These	O
people	O
are	O
my	O
mother	O
and	O
my	O
brothers	O
!	O


My	O
true	O
brother	O
and	O
sister	O
and	O
mother	O
are	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
.	O
''	O


Another	O
time	O
Jesus	O
began	O
teaching	O
by	O
the	O
lake	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
crowd	O
gathered	O
around	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
got	O
into	O
a	O
boat	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
sit	O
and	O
teach	O
from	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
stayed	O
on	O
the	O
shore	O
near	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


Jesus	O
used	O
stories	O
to	O
teach	O
them	O
many	O
things	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
his	O
lessons	O
included	O
this	O
story	O
:	O
``	O
Listen	O
!	O


A	O
farmer	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
sow	O
seed	O
.	O


While	O
he	O
was	O
scattering	O
the	O
seed	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
it	O
fell	O
by	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


The	O
birds	O
came	O
and	O
ate	O
all	O
that	O
seed	O
.	O


Other	O
seed	O
fell	O
on	O
rocky	O
ground	O
,	O
where	O
there	O
was	O
not	O
enough	O
dirt	O
.	O


It	O
grew	O
quickly	O
there	O
because	O
the	O
soil	O
was	O
not	O
deep	O
.	O


But	O
then	O
the	O
sun	O
rose	O
and	O
the	O
plants	O
were	O
burned	O
.	O


They	O
died	O
because	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
deep	O
roots	O
.	O


Some	O
other	O
seed	O
fell	O
among	O
thorny	O
weeds	O
.	O


The	O
weeds	O
grew	O
and	O
stopped	O
the	O
good	O
plants	O
from	O
growing	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
make	O
grain	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
seed	O
fell	O
on	O
good	O
ground	O
.	O


There	O
it	O
began	O
to	O
grow	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
made	O
grain	O
.	O


Some	O
plants	O
made	O
30	O
times	O
more	O
grain	O
,	O
some	O
60	O
times	O
more	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
100	O
times	O
more	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
me	O
,	O
listen	O
!	O
''	O


Later	O
,	O
Jesus	O
was	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
and	O
his	O
other	O
followers	O
asked	O
him	O
about	O
the	O
stories	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Only	O
you	O
can	O
know	O
the	O
secret	O
truth	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


But	O
to	O
those	O
other	O
people	O
I	O
tell	O
everything	O
by	O
using	O
stories	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
,	O
'	O
They	O
will	O
look	O
and	O
look	O
but	O
never	O
really	O
see	O
;	O
they	O
will	O
listen	O
and	O
listen	O
but	O
never	O
understand	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
saw	O
and	O
understood	O
,	O
they	O
might	O
change	O
and	O
be	O
forgiven	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
understand	O
this	O
story	O
?	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
,	O
how	O
will	O
you	O
understand	O
any	O
story	O
?	O


The	O
farmer	O
is	O
like	O
someone	O
who	O
plants	O
God	O
's	O
teaching	O
in	O
people	O
.	O


Sometimes	O
the	O
teaching	O
falls	O
on	O
the	O
path	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
like	O
some	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
the	O
teaching	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
they	O
hear	O
it	O
,	O
Satan	O
comes	O
and	O
takes	O
away	O
the	O
teaching	O
that	O
was	O
planted	O
in	O
them	O
.	O


``	O
Other	O
people	O
are	O
like	O
the	O
seed	O
planted	O
on	O
rocky	O
ground	O
.	O


They	O
hear	O
the	O
teaching	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
quickly	O
and	O
gladly	O
accept	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
allow	O
it	O
to	O
go	O
deep	O
into	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


They	O
keep	O
it	O
only	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
.	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
trouble	O
or	O
persecution	O
comes	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
teaching	O
they	O
accepted	O
,	O
they	O
give	O
up	O
.	O


``	O
Others	O
are	O
like	O
the	O
seed	O
planted	O
among	O
the	O
thorny	O
weeds	O
.	O


They	O
hear	O
the	O
teaching	O
,	O
but	O
their	O
lives	O
become	O
full	O
of	O
other	O
things	O
:	O
the	O
worries	O
of	O
this	O
life	O
,	O
the	O
love	O
of	O
money	O
,	O
and	O
everything	O
else	O
they	O
want	O
.	O


This	O
keeps	O
the	O
teaching	O
from	O
growing	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
produce	O
a	O
crop	O
in	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


``	O
And	O
others	O
are	O
like	O
the	O
seed	O
planted	O
on	O
the	O
good	O
ground	O
.	O


They	O
hear	O
the	O
teaching	O
and	O
accept	O
it	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
grow	O
and	O
produce	O
a	O
good	O
crop	O
--	O
sometimes	O
30	O
times	O
more	O
,	O
sometimes	O
60	O
times	O
more	O
,	O
and	O
sometimes	O
100	O
times	O
more	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
do	O
n't	O
take	O
a	O
lamp	O
and	O
hide	O
it	O
under	O
a	O
bowl	O
or	O
a	O
bed	O
,	O
do	O
you	O
?	O


Of	O
course	O
not	O
.	O


You	O
put	O
it	O
on	O
a	O
lampstand	O
.	O


Everything	O
that	O
is	O
hidden	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
clear	O
.	O


Every	O
secret	O
thing	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
known	O
.	O


You	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
me	O
,	O
listen	O
!	O


Think	O
carefully	O
about	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
hearing	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
know	O
how	O
much	O
to	O
give	O
you	O
by	O
how	O
much	O
you	O
understand	O
now	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
more	O
than	O
you	O
deserve	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
some	O
understanding	O
will	O
receive	O
more	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
much	O
will	O
lose	O
even	O
the	O
small	O
amount	O
they	O
have	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
plants	O
seed	O
in	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


The	O
seed	O
begins	O
to	O
grow	O
.	O


It	O
grows	O
night	O
and	O
day	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
whether	O
the	O
man	O
is	O
sleeping	O
or	O
awake	O
,	O
the	O
seed	O
still	O
grows	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
it	O
happens	O
.	O


Without	O
any	O
help	O
the	O
ground	O
produces	O
grain	O
.	O


First	O
the	O
plant	O
grows	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
head	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
all	O
the	O
grain	O
in	O
the	O
head	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
grain	O
is	O
ready	O
,	O
the	O
man	O
cuts	O
it	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
harvest	O
time	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
can	O
I	O
use	O
to	O
show	O
you	O
what	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
like	O
?	O


What	O
story	O
can	O
I	O
use	O
to	O
explain	O
it	O
?	O


God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
mustard	O
seed	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
smaller	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
seed	O
on	O
earth	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
plant	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
you	O
plant	O
it	O
,	O
it	O
grows	O
and	O
becomes	O
the	O
largest	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
plants	O
in	O
your	O
garden	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
branches	O
that	O
are	O
very	O
big	O
.	O


The	O
wild	O
birds	O
can	O
come	O
and	O
make	O
nests	O
there	O
and	O
be	O
protected	O
from	O
the	O
sun	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
used	O
many	O
stories	O
like	O
these	O
to	O
teach	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
taught	O
them	O
all	O
they	O
could	O
understand	O
.	O


He	O
always	O
used	O
stories	O
to	O
teach	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
alone	O
with	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
Jesus	O
explained	O
everything	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


That	O
day	O
,	O
at	O
evening	O
,	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
with	O
me	O
across	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
they	O
left	O
the	O
crowd	O
behind	O
and	O
went	O
with	O
Jesus	O
in	O
the	O
boat	O
he	O
was	O
already	O
in	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
also	O
other	O
boats	O
that	O
went	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


A	O
very	O
bad	O
wind	O
came	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


The	O
waves	O
were	O
coming	O
over	O
the	O
sides	O
and	O
into	O
the	O
boat	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
almost	O
full	O
of	O
water	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
inside	O
the	O
boat	O
,	O
sleeping	O
with	O
his	O
head	O
on	O
a	O
pillow	O
.	O


The	O
followers	O
went	O
and	O
woke	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
care	O
about	O
us	O
?	O


We	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
drown	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
gave	O
a	O
command	O
to	O
the	O
wind	O
and	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Quiet	O
!	O


Be	O
still	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
wind	O
stopped	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
lake	O
became	O
calm	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
afraid	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
still	O
have	O
no	O
faith	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
were	O
very	O
afraid	O
and	O
asked	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
kind	O
of	O
man	O
is	O
this	O
?	O


Even	O
the	O
wind	O
and	O
the	O
water	O
obey	O
him	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
went	O
across	O
the	O
lake	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
where	O
the	O
Gerasene	O
people	O
lived	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
got	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
boat	O
,	O
a	O
man	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
from	O
the	O
caves	O
where	O
the	O
dead	O
are	O
buried	O
.	O


This	O
man	O
had	O
an	O
evil	O
spirit	O
living	O
inside	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
lived	O
in	O
the	O
burial	O
caves	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
could	O
keep	O
him	O
tied	O
up	O
,	O
even	O
with	O
chains	O
.	O


Many	O
times	O
people	O
had	O
put	O
chains	O
on	O
his	O
hands	O
and	O
feet	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
broke	O
the	O
chains	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
was	O
strong	O
enough	O
to	O
control	O
him	O
.	O


Day	O
and	O
night	O
he	O
stayed	O
around	O
the	O
burial	O
caves	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
hills	O
.	O


He	O
would	O
scream	O
and	O
cut	O
himself	O
with	O
rocks	O
.	O


While	O
Jesus	O
was	O
still	O
far	O
away	O
,	O
the	O
man	O
saw	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
ran	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
bowed	O
down	O
before	O
him	O
.	O


As	O
Jesus	O
was	O
saying	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
evil	O
spirit	O
,	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
this	O
man	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
man	O
shouted	O
loudly	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
with	O
me	O
,	O
Jesus	O
,	O
Son	O
of	O
the	O
Most	O
High	O
God	O
?	O


I	O
beg	O
you	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
name	O
not	O
to	O
punish	O
me	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
asked	O
the	O
man	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
is	O
your	O
name	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
man	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
name	O
is	O
Legion	O
,	O
because	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
spirits	O
inside	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
spirits	O
inside	O
the	O
man	O
begged	O
Jesus	O
again	O
and	O
again	O
not	O
to	O
send	O
them	O
out	O
of	O
that	O
area	O
.	O


A	O
large	O
herd	O
of	O
pigs	O
was	O
eating	O
on	O
a	O
hill	O
near	O
there	O
.	O


The	O
evil	O
spirits	O
begged	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Send	O
us	O
to	O
the	O
pigs	O
.	O


Let	O
us	O
go	O
into	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Jesus	O
allowed	O
them	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


The	O
evil	O
spirits	O
left	O
the	O
man	O
and	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
pigs	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
herd	O
of	O
pigs	O
ran	O
down	O
the	O
hill	O
and	O
into	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
all	O
drowned	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
about	O
2000	O
pigs	O
in	O
that	O
herd	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
who	O
had	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
caring	O
for	O
the	O
pigs	O
ran	O
away	O
.	O


They	O
ran	O
to	O
the	O
town	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
farms	O
and	O
told	O
everyone	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
saw	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
had	O
the	O
many	O
evil	O
spirits	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
sitting	O
down	O
and	O
was	O
wearing	O
clothes	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
in	O
his	O
right	O
mind	O
again	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
saw	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
afraid	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
had	O
seen	O
what	O
Jesus	O
did	O
told	O
the	O
others	O
what	O
happened	O
to	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
had	O
the	O
demons	O
living	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
also	O
told	O
about	O
the	O
pigs	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
people	O
began	O
to	O
beg	O
Jesus	O
to	O
leave	O
their	O
area	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
preparing	O
to	O
leave	O
in	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
who	O
was	O
now	O
free	O
from	O
the	O
demons	O
begged	O
to	O
go	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
did	O
not	O
allow	O
the	O
man	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
home	O
to	O
your	O
family	O
and	O
friends	O
.	O


Tell	O
them	O
about	O
all	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
did	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Tell	O
them	O
how	O
the	O
Lord	O
was	O
good	O
to	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
man	O
left	O
and	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
Ten	O
Towns	O
about	O
the	O
great	O
things	O
Jesus	O
did	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


Everyone	O
was	O
amazed	O
.	O


Jesus	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
lake	O
in	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


There	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
crowd	O
of	O
people	O
gathered	O
around	O
him	O
on	O
the	O
shore	O
.	O


A	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
synagogue	O
came	O
.	O


His	O
name	O
was	O
Jairus	O
.	O


He	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
and	O
bowed	O
down	O
before	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
begged	O
Jesus	O
again	O
and	O
again	O
,	O
saying	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
little	O
daughter	O
is	O
dying	O
.	O


Please	O
come	O
and	O
lay	O
your	O
hands	O
on	O
her	O
.	O


Then	O
she	O
will	O
be	O
healed	O
and	O
will	O
live	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Jesus	O
went	O
with	O
Jairus	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
pushing	O
very	O
close	O
around	O
him	O
.	O


There	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
was	O
a	O
woman	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
bleeding	O
for	O
the	O
past	O
twelve	O
years	O
.	O


She	O
had	O
suffered	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


Many	O
doctors	O
had	O
tried	O
to	O
help	O
her	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
money	O
she	O
had	O
was	O
spent	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
was	O
not	O
improving	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
her	O
sickness	O
was	O
getting	O
worse	O
.	O


The	O
woman	O
heard	O
about	O
Jesus	O
,	O
so	O
she	O
followed	O
him	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
people	O
and	O
touched	O
his	O
coat	O
.	O


She	O
thought	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
I	O
can	O
just	O
touch	O
his	O
clothes	O
,	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
enough	O
to	O
heal	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
she	O
touched	O
his	O
coat	O
,	O
her	O
bleeding	O
stopped	O
.	O


She	O
felt	O
that	O
her	O
body	O
was	O
healed	O
from	O
all	O
the	O
suffering	O
.	O


Jesus	O
immediately	O
felt	O
power	O
go	O
out	O
from	O
him	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
stopped	O
and	O
turned	O
around	O
.	O


``	O
Who	O
touched	O
my	O
clothes	O
?	O
''	O


he	O
asked	O
.	O


The	O
followers	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
There	O
are	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
pushing	O
against	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
ask	O
,	O
'	O
Who	O
touched	O
me	O
?	O
'	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
continued	O
looking	O
for	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
touched	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
woman	O
knew	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
healed	O
,	O
so	O
she	O
came	O
and	O
bowed	O
at	O
Jesus	O
'	O
feet	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
shaking	O
with	O
fear	O
.	O


She	O
told	O
Jesus	O
the	O
whole	O
story	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
Dear	O
woman	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
made	O
well	O
because	O
you	O
believed	O
.	O


Go	O
in	O
peace	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
not	O
suffer	O
anymore	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
Jesus	O
was	O
still	O
there	O
speaking	O
,	O
some	O
men	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
house	O
of	O
Jairus	O
,	O
the	O
synagogue	O
leader	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Your	O
daughter	O
is	O
dead	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
bother	O
the	O
Teacher	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
did	O
not	O
care	O
what	O
the	O
men	O
said	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
synagogue	O
leader	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
;	O
just	O
believe	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
let	O
only	O
Peter	O
,	O
James	O
,	O
and	O
John	O
the	O
brother	O
of	O
James	O
go	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
synagogue	O
leader	O
's	O
house	O
,	O
where	O
Jesus	O
saw	O
many	O
people	O
crying	O
loudly	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
confusion	O
.	O


He	O
entered	O
the	O
house	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
people	O
crying	O
and	O
making	O
so	O
much	O
noise	O
?	O


This	O
child	O
is	O
not	O
dead	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
only	O
sleeping	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
everyone	O
laughed	O
at	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
room	O
where	O
the	O
child	O
was	O
.	O


He	O
brought	O
the	O
child	O
's	O
father	O
and	O
mother	O
and	O
his	O
three	O
followers	O
into	O
the	O
room	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
held	O
the	O
girl	O
's	O
hand	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
Talitha	O
,	O
koum	O
!	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
This	O
means	O
``	O
Little	O
girl	O
,	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
to	O
stand	O
up	O
!	O
''	O


-RRB-	O
The	O
girl	O
immediately	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
began	O
walking	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
She	O
was	O
twelve	O
years	O
old	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
father	O
and	O
mother	O
and	O
the	O
followers	O
were	O
amazed	O
.	O


Jesus	O
gave	O
the	O
father	O
and	O
mother	O
very	O
strict	O
orders	O
not	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
girl	O
some	O
food	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


Jesus	O
left	O
and	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
his	O
hometown	O
.	O


His	O
followers	O
went	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
Jesus	O
taught	O
in	O
the	O
synagogue	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
people	O
heard	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
amazed	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Where	O
did	O
this	O
man	O
get	O
this	O
teaching	O
?	O


How	O
did	O
he	O
get	O
such	O
wisdom	O
?	O


Who	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
him	O
?	O


And	O
where	O
did	O
he	O
get	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
do	O
miracles	O
?	O


Is	O
n't	O
he	O
just	O
the	O
carpenter	O
we	O
know	O
--	O
Mary	O
's	O
son	O
,	O
the	O
brother	O
of	O
James	O
,	O
Joses	O
,	O
Judas	O
,	O
and	O
Simon	O
?	O


And	O
do	O
n't	O
his	O
sisters	O
still	O
live	O
here	O
in	O
town	O
?	O
''	O


So	O
they	O
had	O
a	O
problem	O
accepting	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
People	O
everywhere	O
give	O
honor	O
to	O
a	O
prophet	O
,	O
except	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
town	O
,	O
with	O
his	O
own	O
people	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
his	O
home	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
was	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
any	O
miracles	O
there	O
except	O
the	O
healing	O
of	O
some	O
sick	O
people	O
by	O
laying	O
his	O
hands	O
on	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
surprised	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
there	O
had	O
no	O
faith	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
other	O
villages	O
in	O
that	O
area	O
and	O
taught	O
.	O


Jesus	O
called	O
his	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
together	O
.	O


He	O
sent	O
them	O
out	O
in	O
groups	O
of	O
two	O
and	O
gave	O
them	O
power	O
over	O
evil	O
spirits	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
he	O
told	O
them	O
:	O
``	O
Take	O
nothing	O
for	O
your	O
trip	O
except	O
a	O
stick	O
for	O
walking	O
.	O


Take	O
no	O
bread	O
,	O
no	O
bag	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
money	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
wear	O
sandals	O
,	O
but	O
do	O
n't	O
take	O
extra	O
clothes	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
enter	O
a	O
house	O
,	O
stay	O
there	O
until	O
you	O
leave	O
that	O
town	O
.	O


If	O
any	O
town	O
refuses	O
to	O
accept	O
you	O
or	O
refuses	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
then	O
leave	O
that	O
town	O
and	O
shake	O
the	O
dust	O
off	O
your	O
feet	O
as	O
a	O
warning	O
to	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
apostles	O
left	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
other	O
places	O
.	O


They	O
talked	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
change	O
their	O
hearts	O
and	O
lives	O
.	O


They	O
forced	O
many	O
demons	O
out	O
of	O
people	O
and	O
put	O
olive	O
oil	O
on	O
many	O
who	O
were	O
sick	O
and	O
healed	O
them	O
.	O


King	O
Herod	O
heard	O
about	O
Jesus	O
,	O
because	O
Jesus	O
was	O
now	O
famous	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
is	O
John	O
the	O
Baptizer	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
have	O
risen	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
why	O
he	O
can	O
do	O
these	O
miracles	O
.	O
''	O


Other	O
people	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
is	O
Elijah	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
others	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
is	O
a	O
prophet	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
prophets	O
who	O
lived	O
long	O
ago	O
.	O
''	O


Herod	O
heard	O
these	O
things	O
about	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
killed	O
John	O
by	O
cutting	O
off	O
his	O
head	O
.	O


Now	O
he	O
has	O
been	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
!	O
''	O


Herod	O
himself	O
had	O
ordered	O
his	O
soldiers	O
to	O
arrest	O
John	O
and	O
put	O
him	O
in	O
prison	O
.	O


Herod	O
did	O
this	O
to	O
please	O
his	O
wife	O
Herodias	O
.	O


She	O
had	O
been	O
married	O
to	O
Herod	O
's	O
brother	O
Philip	O
,	O
but	O
then	O
Herod	O
married	O
her	O
.	O


John	O
told	O
Herod	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
not	O
right	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
married	O
to	O
your	O
brother	O
's	O
wife	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Herodias	O
hated	O
John	O
.	O


She	O
wanted	O
him	O
dead	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
was	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
persuade	O
Herod	O
to	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


Herod	O
was	O
afraid	O
to	O
kill	O
John	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
knew	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
and	O
holy	O
man	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
protected	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
liked	O
listening	O
to	O
John	O
,	O
although	O
what	O
John	O
said	O
left	O
him	O
with	O
so	O
many	O
questions	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
came	O
for	O
Herodias	O
to	O
cause	O
John	O
's	O
death	O
.	O


It	O
happened	O
on	O
Herod	O
's	O
birthday	O
.	O


Herod	O
gave	O
a	O
dinner	O
party	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
government	O
leaders	O
,	O
the	O
commanders	O
of	O
his	O
army	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
people	O
in	O
Galilee	O
.	O


The	O
daughter	O
of	O
Herodias	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
party	O
and	O
danced	O
.	O


When	O
she	O
danced	O
,	O
Herod	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
eating	O
with	O
him	O
were	O
very	O
pleased	O
.	O


So	O
King	O
Herod	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
girl	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
anything	O
you	O
want	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
promised	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
Anything	O
you	O
ask	O
for	O
I	O
will	O
give	O
to	O
you	O
--	O
even	O
half	O
of	O
my	O
kingdom	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
girl	O
went	O
to	O
her	O
mother	O
and	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
should	O
I	O
ask	O
King	O
Herod	O
to	O
give	O
me	O
?	O
''	O


Her	O
mother	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Ask	O
for	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
John	O
the	O
Baptizer	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
right	O
then	O
the	O
girl	O
went	O
back	O
in	O
to	O
the	O
king	O
.	O


She	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Please	O
give	O
me	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
John	O
the	O
Baptizer	O
.	O


Bring	O
it	O
to	O
me	O
now	O
on	O
a	O
plate	O
.	O
''	O


King	O
Herod	O
was	O
very	O
sad	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
break	O
the	O
promise	O
he	O
had	O
made	O
to	O
her	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
his	O
guests	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
sent	O
a	O
soldier	O
to	O
cut	O
off	O
John	O
's	O
head	O
and	O
bring	O
it	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
soldier	O
went	O
and	O
cut	O
off	O
John	O
's	O
head	O
in	O
the	O
prison	O
.	O


He	O
brought	O
the	O
head	O
back	O
on	O
a	O
plate	O
and	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
girl	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
girl	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
her	O
mother	O
.	O


John	O
's	O
followers	O
heard	O
about	O
what	O
happened	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
came	O
and	O
got	O
John	O
's	O
body	O
and	O
put	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
tomb	O
.	O


The	O
apostles	O
Jesus	O
had	O
sent	O
out	O
came	O
back	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
gathered	O
around	O
him	O
and	O
told	O
him	O
about	O
all	O
they	O
had	O
done	O
and	O
taught	O
.	O


Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
were	O
in	O
a	O
very	O
busy	O
place	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
that	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
did	O
not	O
even	O
have	O
time	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
go	O
to	O
a	O
quiet	O
place	O
to	O
be	O
alone	O
.	O


There	O
we	O
will	O
get	O
some	O
rest	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
went	O
away	O
alone	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
in	O
a	O
boat	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
no	O
one	O
lived	O
.	O


But	O
many	O
people	O
saw	O
them	O
leave	O
and	O
knew	O
who	O
they	O
were	O
.	O


So	O
people	O
from	O
every	O
town	O
ran	O
to	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
they	O
were	O
going	O
and	O
got	O
there	O
before	O
Jesus	O
.	O


As	O
Jesus	O
stepped	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
boat	O
,	O
he	O
saw	O
a	O
large	O
crowd	O
waiting	O
.	O


He	O
felt	O
sorry	O
for	O
them	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
like	O
sheep	O
without	O
a	O
shepherd	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
taught	O
the	O
people	O
many	O
things	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
now	O
very	O
late	O
in	O
the	O
day	O
.	O


Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
one	O
lives	O
around	O
here	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
already	O
very	O
late	O
.	O


So	O
send	O
the	O
people	O
away	O
.	O


They	O
need	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
farms	O
and	O
towns	O
around	O
here	O
to	O
buy	O
some	O
food	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
give	O
them	O
some	O
food	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
ca	O
n't	O
buy	O
enough	O
bread	O
to	O
feed	O
all	O
these	O
people	O
.	O


We	O
would	O
all	O
have	O
to	O
work	O
a	O
month	O
to	O
earn	O
enough	O
to	O
buy	O
that	O
much	O
bread	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
asked	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
many	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
do	O
you	O
have	O
now	O
?	O


Go	O
and	O
see	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
counted	O
their	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
have	O
five	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
and	O
two	O
fish	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Tell	O
everyone	O
to	O
sit	O
in	O
groups	O
on	O
the	O
green	O
grass	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
sat	O
in	O
groups	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
about	O
50	O
or	O
100	O
people	O
in	O
each	O
group	O
.	O


Jesus	O
took	O
the	O
five	O
loaves	O
and	O
two	O
fish	O
.	O


He	O
looked	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
sky	O
and	O
thanked	O
God	O
for	O
the	O
food	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
broke	O
the	O
bread	O
into	O
pieces	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
gave	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
to	O
distribute	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
divided	O
the	O
two	O
fish	O
among	O
everyone	O
there	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
ate	O
until	O
they	O
were	O
full	O
.	O


After	O
they	O
finished	O
eating	O
,	O
the	O
followers	O
filled	O
twelve	O
baskets	O
with	O
the	O
pieces	O
of	O
bread	O
and	O
fish	O
that	O
were	O
left	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
about	O
5000	O
men	O
there	O
who	O
ate	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
told	O
the	O
followers	O
to	O
get	O
into	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
lake	O
to	O
Bethsaida	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
he	O
would	O
come	O
later	O
.	O


He	O
stayed	O
there	O
to	O
tell	O
everyone	O
they	O
could	O
go	O
home	O
.	O


After	O
he	O
said	O
goodbye	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
up	O
into	O
the	O
hills	O
to	O
pray	O
.	O


That	O
night	O
,	O
the	O
boat	O
was	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
alone	O
on	O
the	O
land	O
.	O


He	O
saw	O
the	O
boat	O
far	O
away	O
on	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
saw	O
the	O
followers	O
working	O
hard	O
to	O
row	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


The	O
wind	O
was	O
blowing	O
against	O
them	O
.	O


Sometime	O
between	O
three	O
and	O
six	O
o'clock	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
,	O
Jesus	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
boat	O
,	O
walking	O
on	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


He	O
continued	O
walking	O
until	O
he	O
was	O
almost	O
past	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
followers	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
walking	O
on	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


They	O
thought	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
ghost	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
started	O
screaming	O
.	O


It	O
scared	O
them	O
all	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
spoke	O
to	O
them	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
worry	O
!	O


It	O
's	O
me	O
!	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
he	O
got	O
into	O
the	O
boat	O
with	O
the	O
followers	O
,	O
the	O
wind	O
stopped	O
.	O


The	O
followers	O
were	O
completely	O
amazed	O
.	O


They	O
could	O
not	O
believe	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
like	O
the	O
miracle	O
he	O
did	O
with	O
the	O
bread	O
.	O


They	O
still	O
did	O
n't	O
understand	O
what	O
that	O
meant	O
.	O


Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
went	O
across	O
the	O
lake	O
and	O
came	O
to	O
shore	O
at	O
Gennesaret	O
.	O


They	O
tied	O
the	O
boat	O
there	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
were	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
boat	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
there	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
knew	O
who	O
he	O
was	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
ran	O
to	O
tell	O
others	O
throughout	O
that	O
area	O
.	O


They	O
brought	O
sick	O
people	O
on	O
mats	O
to	O
every	O
place	O
Jesus	O
went	O
.	O


Jesus	O
went	O
into	O
towns	O
,	O
cities	O
,	O
and	O
farms	O
around	O
that	O
area	O
.	O


And	O
every	O
place	O
he	O
went	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
brought	O
sick	O
people	O
to	O
the	O
marketplaces	O
.	O


They	O
begged	O
him	O
to	O
let	O
them	O
touch	O
any	O
part	O
of	O
his	O
coat	O
.	O


And	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
touched	O
him	O
were	O
healed	O
.	O


Some	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
some	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
came	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
and	O
gathered	O
around	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
his	O
followers	O
ate	O
food	O
with	O
hands	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
clean	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
wash	O
their	O
hands	O
in	O
a	O
special	O
way	O
.	O


The	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
Jews	O
never	O
eat	O
before	O
washing	O
their	O
hands	O
in	O
this	O
special	O
way	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
this	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
traditions	O
they	O
have	O
from	O
their	O
great	O
leaders	O
who	O
lived	O
long	O
ago	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
these	O
Jews	O
buy	O
something	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
they	O
never	O
eat	O
it	O
until	O
they	O
wash	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
special	O
way	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
follow	O
other	O
rules	O
from	O
their	O
people	O
who	O
lived	O
before	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
follow	O
rules	O
like	O
the	O
washing	O
of	O
cups	O
,	O
pitchers	O
,	O
and	O
pots	O
.	O


The	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O


Your	O
followers	O
do	O
n't	O
follow	O
the	O
traditions	O
we	O
have	O
from	O
our	O
great	O
leaders	O
who	O
lived	O
long	O
ago	O
.	O


They	O
eat	O
their	O
food	O
with	O
hands	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
clean	O
.	O


Why	O
do	O
they	O
do	O
this	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
all	O
hypocrites	O
.	O


Isaiah	O
was	O
right	O
when	O
he	O
wrote	O
these	O
words	O
from	O
God	O
about	O
you	O
:	O
'	O
These	O
people	O
honor	O
me	O
with	O
their	O
words	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
really	O
important	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Their	O
worship	O
of	O
me	O
is	O
worthless	O
.	O


The	O
things	O
they	O
teach	O
are	O
only	O
human	O
rules	O
.	O
'	O


You	O
have	O
stopped	O
following	O
God	O
's	O
commands	O
,	O
preferring	O
instead	O
the	O
man	O
-	O
made	O
rules	O
you	O
got	O
from	O
others	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
show	O
great	O
skill	O
in	O
avoiding	O
the	O
commands	O
of	O
God	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
follow	O
your	O
own	O
teachings	O
!	O


Moses	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
must	O
respect	O
your	O
father	O
and	O
mother	O
.	O
'	O


He	O
also	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Whoever	O
says	O
anything	O
bad	O
to	O
their	O
father	O
or	O
mother	O
must	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
you	O
teach	O
that	O
people	O
can	O
say	O
to	O
their	O
father	O
or	O
mother	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
have	O
something	O
I	O
could	O
use	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
use	O
it	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
give	O
it	O
to	O
God	O
.	O
'	O


You	O
are	O
telling	O
people	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
for	O
their	O
father	O
or	O
mother	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
are	O
teaching	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
God	O
said	O
.	O


You	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
to	O
follow	O
those	O
traditions	O
you	O
have	O
,	O
which	O
you	O
pass	O
on	O
to	O
others	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
do	O
many	O
things	O
like	O
that	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
called	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
him	O
again	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Everyone	O
should	O
listen	O
to	O
me	O
and	O
understand	O
what	O
I	O
am	O
saying	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
nothing	O
people	O
can	O
put	O
in	O
their	O
mouth	O
that	O
will	O
make	O
them	O
wrong	O
.	O


People	O
are	O
made	O
wrong	O
by	O
what	O
comes	O
from	O
inside	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
left	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


The	O
followers	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
about	O
what	O
he	O
had	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
still	O
have	O
trouble	O
understanding	O
?	O


Surely	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
nothing	O
that	O
enters	O
the	O
mouth	O
from	O
the	O
outside	O
can	O
make	O
people	O
unacceptable	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Food	O
does	O
not	O
go	O
into	O
a	O
person	O
's	O
mind	O
.	O


It	O
goes	O
into	O
the	O
stomach	O
.	O


Then	O
it	O
goes	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
When	O
Jesus	O
said	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
meant	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
food	O
that	O
is	O
wrong	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


And	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
things	O
that	O
make	O
people	O
wrong	O
are	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
inside	O
.	O


All	O
these	O
bad	O
things	O
begin	O
inside	O
a	O
person	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
mind	O
:	O
bad	O
thoughts	O
,	O
sexual	O
sins	O
,	O
stealing	O
,	O
murder	O
,	O
adultery	O
,	O
greed	O
,	O
doing	O
bad	O
things	O
to	O
people	O
,	O
lying	O
,	O
doing	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
morally	O
wrong	O
,	O
jealousy	O
,	O
insulting	O
people	O
,	O
proud	O
talking	O
,	O
and	O
foolish	O
living	O
.	O


These	O
evil	O
things	O
come	O
from	O
inside	O
a	O
person	O
.	O


And	O
these	O
are	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
make	O
people	O
unacceptable	O
to	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
went	O
from	O
there	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
around	O
Tyre	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
that	O
area	O
to	O
know	O
he	O
was	O
there	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
went	O
into	O
a	O
house	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
could	O
not	O
stay	O
hidden	O
.	O


A	O
woman	O
heard	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
there	O
.	O


Her	O
little	O
daughter	O
had	O
an	O
evil	O
spirit	O
inside	O
her	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
woman	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
bowed	O
down	O
near	O
his	O
feet	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
Jew	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
born	O
in	O
Phoenicia	O
,	O
an	O
area	O
in	O
Syria	O
.	O


She	O
begged	O
Jesus	O
to	O
force	O
the	O
demon	O
out	O
of	O
her	O
daughter	O
.	O


Jesus	O
told	O
the	O
woman	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
not	O
right	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
children	O
's	O
bread	O
and	O
give	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
dogs	O
.	O


First	O
let	O
the	O
children	O
eat	O
all	O
they	O
want	O
.	O
''	O


She	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
That	O
is	O
true	O
,	O
Lord	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
dogs	O
under	O
the	O
table	O
can	O
eat	O
the	O
pieces	O
of	O
food	O
that	O
the	O
children	O
do	O
n't	O
eat	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
told	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
That	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
answer	O
.	O


You	O
may	O
go	O
.	O


The	O
demon	O
has	O
left	O
your	O
daughter	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
woman	O
went	O
home	O
and	O
found	O
her	O
daughter	O
lying	O
on	O
the	O
bed	O
.	O


The	O
demon	O
was	O
gone	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
left	O
the	O
area	O
around	O
Tyre	O
and	O
went	O
through	O
Sidon	O
.	O


On	O
his	O
way	O
to	O
Lake	O
Galilee	O
he	O
went	O
through	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
Ten	O
Towns	O
.	O


While	O
he	O
was	O
there	O
,	O
some	O
people	O
brought	O
a	O
man	O
to	O
him	O
who	O
was	O
deaf	O
and	O
could	O
not	O
talk	O
clearly	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
begged	O
Jesus	O
to	O
put	O
his	O
hand	O
on	O
the	O
man	O
to	O
heal	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
led	O
the	O
man	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
be	O
alone	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
put	O
his	O
fingers	O
in	O
the	O
man	O
's	O
ears	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
spit	O
on	O
a	O
finger	O
and	O
put	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
man	O
's	O
tongue	O
.	O


Jesus	O
looked	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
sky	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
loud	O
sigh	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Ephphatha	O
!	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
This	O
means	O
``	O
Open	O
!	O
''	O


-RRB-	O
As	O
soon	O
as	O
Jesus	O
did	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
man	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
hear	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
use	O
his	O
tongue	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
began	O
to	O
speak	O
clearly	O
.	O


Jesus	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
not	O
to	O
tell	O
anyone	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
more	O
he	O
told	O
them	O
not	O
to	O
say	O
anything	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
people	O
they	O
told	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
all	O
completely	O
amazed	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
at	O
what	O
he	O
has	O
done	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
all	O
good	O
.	O


He	O
makes	O
deaf	O
people	O
able	O
to	O
hear	O
and	O
gives	O
a	O
new	O
voice	O
to	O
people	O
who	O
could	O
not	O
talk	O
.	O
''	O


Another	O
time	O
there	O
were	O
many	O
people	O
with	O
Jesus	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
had	O
nothing	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
called	O
his	O
followers	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
feel	O
sorry	O
for	O
these	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
been	O
with	O
me	O
for	O
three	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
they	O
have	O
nothing	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


I	O
should	O
not	O
send	O
them	O
home	O
hungry	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
leave	O
without	O
eating	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
faint	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
home	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
them	O
live	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
from	O
here	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
we	O
are	O
far	O
away	O
from	O
any	O
towns	O
.	O


Where	O
can	O
we	O
get	O
enough	O
bread	O
to	O
feed	O
all	O
these	O
people	O
?	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
asked	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
many	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
do	O
you	O
have	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
have	O
seven	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
sit	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
took	O
the	O
seven	O
loaves	O
and	O
gave	O
thanks	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
broke	O
the	O
bread	O
into	O
pieces	O
and	O
gave	O
them	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
bread	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
did	O
as	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
followers	O
also	O
had	O
a	O
few	O
small	O
fish	O
.	O


Jesus	O
gave	O
thanks	O
for	O
the	O
fish	O
and	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
fish	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
ate	O
until	O
they	O
were	O
full	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
followers	O
filled	O
seven	O
baskets	O
with	O
the	O
pieces	O
of	O
food	O
that	O
were	O
left	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
about	O
4000	O
men	O
who	O
ate	O
.	O


After	O
they	O
ate	O
,	O
Jesus	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
go	O
home	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
went	O
in	O
a	O
boat	O
with	O
his	O
followers	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
Dalmanutha	O
.	O


The	O
Pharisees	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
asked	O
him	O
questions	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
test	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
asked	O
him	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
miracle	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


Jesus	O
sighed	O
deeply	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
do	O
you	O
people	O
ask	O
to	O
see	O
a	O
miracle	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
?	O


I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
no	O
miracle	O
will	O
be	O
done	O
to	O
prove	O
anything	O
to	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
left	O
them	O
and	O
went	O
in	O
the	O
boat	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


The	O
followers	O
had	O
only	O
one	O
loaf	O
of	O
bread	O
with	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


They	O
forgot	O
to	O
bring	O
more	O
bread	O
.	O


Jesus	O
warned	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
careful	O
!	O


Guard	O
against	O
the	O
yeast	O
of	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
the	O
yeast	O
of	O
Herod	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
discussed	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
this	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
said	O
this	O
because	O
we	O
have	O
no	O
bread	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
knew	O
that	O
the	O
followers	O
were	O
talking	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
asked	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
talking	O
about	O
having	O
no	O
bread	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
still	O
not	O
see	O
or	O
understand	O
?	O


Are	O
you	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
understand	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
have	O
eyes	O
that	O
ca	O
n't	O
see	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
have	O
ears	O
that	O
ca	O
n't	O
hear	O
?	O


Remember	O
what	O
I	O
did	O
before	O
,	O
when	O
we	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
enough	O
bread	O
?	O


I	O
divided	O
five	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
for	O
5000	O
people	O
.	O


Remember	O
how	O
many	O
baskets	O
you	O
filled	O
with	O
pieces	O
of	O
food	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
eaten	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
filled	O
twelve	O
baskets	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
And	O
when	O
I	O
divided	O
seven	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
for	O
4000	O
people	O
,	O
how	O
many	O
baskets	O
did	O
you	O
fill	O
with	O
the	O
leftover	O
pieces	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
filled	O
seven	O
baskets	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
remember	O
these	O
things	O
I	O
did	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
still	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
came	O
to	O
Bethsaida	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
brought	O
a	O
blind	O
man	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
begged	O
him	O
to	O
touch	O
the	O
man	O
.	O


So	O
Jesus	O
held	O
the	O
blind	O
man	O
's	O
hand	O
and	O
led	O
him	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
village	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
spit	O
on	O
the	O
man	O
's	O
eyes	O
.	O


He	O
laid	O
his	O
hands	O
on	O
him	O
and	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Can	O
you	O
see	O
now	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
man	O
looked	O
up	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
I	O
see	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
look	O
like	O
trees	O
walking	O
around	O
.	O
''	O


Again	O
Jesus	O
laid	O
his	O
hands	O
on	O
the	O
man	O
's	O
eyes	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
man	O
opened	O
them	O
wide	O
.	O


His	O
eyes	O
were	O
healed	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
everything	O
clearly	O
.	O


Jesus	O
told	O
him	O
to	O
go	O
home	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
go	O
into	O
the	O
town	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
towns	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
Caesarea	O
Philippi	O
.	O


While	O
they	O
were	O
traveling	O
,	O
Jesus	O
asked	O
the	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
do	O
people	O
say	O
I	O
am	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Some	O
people	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
John	O
the	O
Baptizer	O
.	O


Others	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
Elijah	O
.	O


And	O
others	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
do	O
you	O
say	O
I	O
am	O
?	O
''	O


Peter	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
told	O
the	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
tell	O
anyone	O
who	O
I	O
am	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
began	O
to	O
teach	O
his	O
followers	O
that	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
must	O
suffer	O
many	O
things	O
.	O


He	O
taught	O
that	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
accepted	O
by	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
,	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
must	O
be	O
killed	O
and	O
then	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
after	O
three	O
days	O
.	O


Jesus	O
told	O
them	O
everything	O
that	O
would	O
happen	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
keep	O
anything	O
secret	O
.	O


Peter	O
took	O
Jesus	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
followers	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
him	O
alone	O
.	O


Peter	O
criticized	O
him	O
for	O
saying	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
turned	O
and	O
looked	O
at	O
his	O
followers	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
criticized	O
Peter	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
Peter	O
,	O
``	O
Get	O
away	O
from	O
me	O
,	O
Satan	O
!	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
things	O
God	O
does	O
.	O


You	O
care	O
only	O
about	O
things	O
that	O
people	O
think	O
are	O
important	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
called	O
the	O
crowd	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Any	O
of	O
you	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
my	O
follower	O
must	O
stop	O
thinking	O
about	O
yourself	O
and	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
carry	O
the	O
cross	O
that	O
is	O
given	O
to	O
you	O
for	O
following	O
me	O
.	O


Any	O
of	O
you	O
who	O
try	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
life	O
you	O
have	O
will	O
lose	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
who	O
give	O
up	O
your	O
life	O
for	O
me	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
will	O
save	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
worth	O
nothing	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
if	O
you	O
yourself	O
are	O
lost	O
.	O


You	O
could	O
never	O
pay	O
enough	O
to	O
buy	O
back	O
your	O
life	O
.	O


People	O
today	O
are	O
so	O
sinful	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
faithful	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


As	O
you	O
live	O
among	O
them	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
ashamed	O
of	O
me	O
and	O
my	O
teaching	O
.	O


If	O
that	O
happens	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
ashamed	O
of	O
you	O
when	O
I	O
come	O
with	O
the	O
glory	O
of	O
my	O
Father	O
and	O
the	O
holy	O
angels	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
were	O
coming	O
closer	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
towns	O
of	O
Bethphage	O
and	O
Bethany	O
at	O
the	O
Mount	O
of	O
Olives	O
.	O


There	O
Jesus	O
sent	O
two	O
of	O
his	O
followers	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
to	O
the	O
town	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
there	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
enter	O
it	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
find	O
a	O
young	O
donkey	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
has	O
ever	O
ridden	O
.	O


Untie	O
it	O
and	O
bring	O
it	O
here	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


If	O
anyone	O
asks	O
you	O
why	O
you	O
are	O
taking	O
the	O
donkey	O
,	O
tell	O
them	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
Master	O
needs	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
send	O
it	O
back	O
soon	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
town	O
.	O


They	O
found	O
a	O
young	O
donkey	O
tied	O
in	O
the	O
street	O
near	O
the	O
door	O
of	O
a	O
house	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
untied	O
it	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
were	O
standing	O
there	O
and	O
saw	O
this	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
are	O
you	O
doing	O
?	O


Why	O
are	O
you	O
untying	O
that	O
donkey	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
answered	O
the	O
way	O
Jesus	O
told	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
let	O
them	O
take	O
the	O
donkey	O
.	O


The	O
followers	O
brought	O
the	O
donkey	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
put	O
their	O
coats	O
on	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
Jesus	O
sat	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
spread	O
their	O
coats	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
for	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Others	O
cut	O
branches	O
in	O
the	O
fields	O
and	O
spread	O
the	O
branches	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
walking	O
ahead	O
of	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Others	O
were	O
walking	O
behind	O
him	O
.	O


Everyone	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
'	O
Praise	O
Him	O
!	O
'	O
'	O


Welcome	O
!	O


God	O
bless	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
comes	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
!	O
'	O


``	O
God	O
bless	O
the	O
kingdom	O
of	O
our	O
father	O
David	O
.	O


That	O
kingdom	O
is	O
coming	O
!	O


Praise	O
to	O
God	O
in	O
heaven	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
entered	O
Jerusalem	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


He	O
looked	O
at	O
everything	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
already	O
late	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
Bethany	O
with	O
the	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
,	O
Jesus	O
was	O
leaving	O
Bethany	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
hungry	O
.	O


He	O
saw	O
a	O
fig	O
tree	O
with	O
leaves	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
tree	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
it	O
had	O
any	O
figs	O
growing	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
found	O
no	O
figs	O
on	O
the	O
tree	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
only	O
leaves	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
for	O
figs	O
to	O
grow	O
.	O


So	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
tree	O
,	O
``	O
People	O
will	O
never	O
eat	O
fruit	O
from	O
you	O
again	O
.	O
''	O


His	O
followers	O
heard	O
him	O
say	O
this	O
.	O


Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
and	O
entered	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


He	O
began	O
driving	O
out	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
buying	O
and	O
selling	O
things	O
there	O
.	O


He	O
turned	O
over	O
the	O
tables	O
that	O
belonged	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
exchanging	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
turned	O
over	O
the	O
benches	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
selling	O
doves	O
.	O


He	O
refused	O
to	O
allow	O
anyone	O
to	O
carry	O
things	O
through	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
began	O
teaching	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
,	O
'	O
My	O
Temple	O
will	O
be	O
called	O
a	O
house	O
of	O
prayer	O
for	O
all	O
nations	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
you	O
have	O
changed	O
it	O
into	O
a	O
'	O
hiding	O
place	O
for	O
thieves	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
heard	O
what	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
they	O
began	O
trying	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
afraid	O
of	O
him	O
because	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
amazed	O
at	O
his	O
teaching	O
.	O


That	O
night	O
Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
left	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
morning	O
Jesus	O
was	O
walking	O
with	O
his	O
followers	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
the	O
fig	O
tree	O
that	O
he	O
spoke	O
to	O
the	O
day	O
before	O
.	O


The	O
tree	O
was	O
dry	O
and	O
dead	O
,	O
even	O
the	O
roots	O
.	O


Peter	O
remembered	O
the	O
tree	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
look	O
!	O


Yesterday	O
,	O
you	O
told	O
that	O
fig	O
tree	O
to	O
die	O
.	O


Now	O
it	O
is	O
dry	O
and	O
dead	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Have	O
faith	O
in	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
say	O
to	O
this	O
mountain	O
,	O
'	O
Go	O
,	O
mountain	O
,	O
fall	O
into	O
the	O
sea	O
.	O
'	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
no	O
doubts	O
in	O
your	O
mind	O
and	O
believe	O
that	O
what	O
you	O
say	O
will	O
happen	O
,	O
then	O
God	O
will	O
do	O
it	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
to	O
ask	O
for	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
in	O
prayer	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
believe	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
received	O
those	O
things	O
,	O
then	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
yours	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
are	O
praying	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
remember	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
angry	O
with	O
another	O
person	O
about	O
something	O
,	O
then	O
forgive	O
that	O
person	O
.	O


Forgive	O
them	O
so	O
that	O
your	O
Father	O
in	O
heaven	O
will	O
also	O
forgive	O
your	O
sins	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
went	O
again	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
walking	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


The	O
leading	O
priests	O
,	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Tell	O
us	O
!	O


What	O
authority	O
do	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
these	O
things	O
?	O


Who	O
gave	O
you	O
this	O
authority	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
ask	O
you	O
a	O
question	O
.	O


You	O
answer	O
my	O
question	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
whose	O
authority	O
I	O
use	O
to	O
do	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


Tell	O
me	O
:	O
When	O
John	O
baptized	O
people	O
,	O
did	O
his	O
authority	O
come	O
from	O
God	O
or	O
was	O
it	O
only	O
from	O
other	O
people	O
?	O


Answer	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


These	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
talked	O
about	O
Jesus	O
'	O
question	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
we	O
answer	O
,	O
'	O
John	O
's	O
baptism	O
was	O
from	O
God	O
,	O
'	O
then	O
he	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Then	O
why	O
did	O
n't	O
you	O
believe	O
John	O
?	O
'	O


But	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
say	O
that	O
John	O
's	O
baptism	O
was	O
from	O
someone	O
else	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
These	O
leaders	O
were	O
afraid	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
people	O
believed	O
that	O
John	O
was	O
a	O
prophet	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


So	O
the	O
leaders	O
answered	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
the	O
answer	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Then	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
tell	O
you	O
who	O
gave	O
me	O
the	O
authority	O
to	O
do	O
these	O
things	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
used	O
stories	O
to	O
teach	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
A	O
man	O
planted	O
a	O
vineyard	O
.	O


He	O
put	O
a	O
wall	O
around	O
the	O
field	O
and	O
dug	O
a	O
hole	O
for	O
a	O
winepress	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
built	O
a	O
tower	O
.	O


He	O
leased	O
the	O
land	O
to	O
some	O
farmers	O
and	O
left	O
for	O
a	O
trip	O
.	O


``	O
Later	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
grapes	O
to	O
be	O
picked	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
man	O
sent	O
a	O
servant	O
to	O
the	O
farmers	O
to	O
get	O
his	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
grapes	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
farmers	O
grabbed	O
the	O
servant	O
and	O
beat	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
sent	O
him	O
away	O
with	O
nothing	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
man	O
sent	O
another	O
servant	O
to	O
the	O
farmers	O
.	O


They	O
hit	O
this	O
servant	O
on	O
the	O
head	O
,	O
showing	O
no	O
respect	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
man	O
sent	O
another	O
servant	O
.	O


The	O
farmers	O
killed	O
this	O
servant	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
sent	O
many	O
other	O
servants	O
to	O
the	O
farmers	O
.	O


The	O
farmers	O
beat	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
and	O
killed	O
the	O
others	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
man	O
had	O
only	O
one	O
person	O
left	O
to	O
send	O
to	O
the	O
farmers	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
his	O
son	O
.	O


He	O
loved	O
his	O
son	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
decided	O
to	O
send	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
farmers	O
will	O
respect	O
my	O
son	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
farmers	O
said	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
'	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
owner	O
's	O
son	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
vineyard	O
will	O
be	O
his	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
kill	O
him	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
ours	O
.	O
'	O


So	O
they	O
took	O
the	O
son	O
,	O
threw	O
him	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
vineyard	O
,	O
and	O
killed	O
him	O
.	O


``	O
So	O
what	O
will	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
owns	O
the	O
vineyard	O
do	O
?	O


He	O
will	O
go	O
and	O
kill	O
those	O
farmers	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
will	O
lease	O
the	O
land	O
to	O
others	O
.	O


Surely	O
you	O
have	O
read	O
this	O
in	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
:	O
'	O
The	O
stone	O
that	O
the	O
builders	O
refused	O
to	O
accept	O
became	O
the	O
cornerstone	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
did	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
wonderful	O
to	O
us	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


When	O
these	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
heard	O
this	O
story	O
,	O
they	O
knew	O
it	O
was	O
about	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
arrest	O
Jesus	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
afraid	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
crowd	O
would	O
do	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
left	O
him	O
and	O
went	O
away	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
the	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
sent	O
some	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
some	O
men	O
from	O
the	O
group	O
called	O
Herodians	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
catch	O
him	O
saying	O
something	O
wrong	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
an	O
honest	O
man	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
not	O
afraid	O
of	O
what	O
others	O
think	O
about	O
you	O
.	O


All	O
people	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
teach	O
the	O
truth	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
way	O
.	O


Tell	O
us	O
,	O
is	O
it	O
right	O
to	O
pay	O
taxes	O
to	O
Caesar	O
?	O


Should	O
we	O
pay	O
them	O
or	O
not	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
knew	O
that	O
these	O
men	O
were	O
really	O
trying	O
to	O
trick	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
trying	O
to	O
catch	O
me	O
saying	O
something	O
wrong	O
?	O


Bring	O
me	O
a	O
silver	O
coin	O
.	O


Let	O
me	O
see	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
gave	O
Jesus	O
a	O
coin	O
and	O
he	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Whose	O
picture	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
coin	O
?	O


And	O
whose	O
name	O
is	O
written	O
on	O
it	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
Caesar	O
's	O
picture	O
and	O
Caesar	O
's	O
name	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Give	O
to	O
Caesar	O
what	O
belongs	O
to	O
Caesar	O
,	O
and	O
give	O
to	O
God	O
what	O
belongs	O
to	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
men	O
were	O
amazed	O
at	O
what	O
Jesus	O
said	O
.	O


Then	O
some	O
Sadducees	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Sadducees	O
believe	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
will	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


They	O
asked	O
him	O
a	O
question	O
:	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
Moses	O
wrote	O
that	O
if	O
a	O
married	O
man	O
dies	O
and	O
had	O
no	O
children	O
,	O
his	O
brother	O
must	O
marry	O
the	O
woman	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
will	O
have	O
children	O
for	O
the	O
dead	O
brother	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
seven	O
brothers	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
brother	O
married	O
but	O
died	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
no	O
children	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
second	O
brother	O
married	O
the	O
woman	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
also	O
died	O
and	O
had	O
no	O
children	O
.	O


The	O
same	O
thing	O
happened	O
with	O
the	O
third	O
brother	O
.	O


All	O
seven	O
brothers	O
married	O
the	O
woman	O
and	O
died	O
.	O


None	O
of	O
the	O
brothers	O
had	O
any	O
children	O
with	O
her	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
was	O
the	O
last	O
to	O
die	O
.	O


But	O
all	O
seven	O
brothers	O
had	O
married	O
her	O
.	O


So	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
people	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
whose	O
wife	O
will	O
she	O
be	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
could	O
you	O
be	O
so	O
wrong	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
because	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
anything	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
power	O
.	O


When	O
people	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
marriage	O
.	O


People	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
married	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


All	O
people	O
will	O
be	O
like	O
angels	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


Surely	O
you	O
have	O
read	O
what	O
God	O
said	O
about	O
people	O
rising	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
book	O
where	O
Moses	O
wrote	O
about	O
the	O
burning	O
bush	O
,	O
it	O
says	O
that	O
God	O
told	O
Moses	O
this	O
:	O
'	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
Abraham	O
,	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
Isaac	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
Jacob	O
.	O
'	O


So	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
still	O
dead	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
God	O
only	O
of	O
living	O
people	O
.	O


You	O
Sadducees	O
are	O
so	O
wrong	O
!	O
''	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
heard	O
Jesus	O
arguing	O
with	O
the	O
Sadducees	O
and	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
.	O


He	O
saw	O
that	O
Jesus	O
gave	O
good	O
answers	O
to	O
their	O
questions	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
asked	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Which	O
of	O
the	O
commands	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
most	O
important	O
command	O
is	O
this	O
:	O
'	O
People	O
of	O
Israel	O
,	O
listen	O
!	O


The	O
Lord	O
our	O
God	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
Lord	O
.	O


Love	O
the	O
Lord	O
your	O
God	O
with	O
all	O
your	O
heart	O
,	O
all	O
your	O
soul	O
,	O
all	O
your	O
mind	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
your	O
strength	O
.	O
'	O


The	O
second	O
most	O
important	O
command	O
is	O
this	O
:	O
'	O
Love	O
your	O
neighbor	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
you	O
love	O
yourself	O
.	O
'	O


These	O
two	O
commands	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
man	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
That	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
answer	O
,	O
Teacher	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
right	O
in	O
saying	O
that	O
God	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
Lord	O
and	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
other	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
must	O
love	O
God	O
with	O
all	O
your	O
heart	O
,	O
all	O
your	O
mind	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
your	O
strength	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
must	O
love	O
others	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
you	O
love	O
yourself	O
.	O


These	O
commands	O
are	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
all	O
the	O
animals	O
and	O
sacrifices	O
we	O
offer	O
to	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
saw	O
that	O
the	O
man	O
answered	O
him	O
wisely	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
close	O
to	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
after	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
was	O
brave	O
enough	O
to	O
ask	O
Jesus	O
any	O
more	O
questions	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
teaching	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
do	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
Christ	O
is	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
David	O
?	O


With	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
,	O
David	O
himself	O
says	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
Lord	O
God	O
said	O
to	O
my	O
Lord	O
:	O
Sit	O
by	O
me	O
at	O
my	O
right	O
side	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
put	O
your	O
enemies	O
under	O
your	O
control	O
.	O
'	O


David	O
himself	O
calls	O
the	O
Christ	O
'	O
Lord	O
.	O
'	O


So	O
how	O
can	O
the	O
Christ	O
be	O
David	O
's	O
son	O
?	O
''	O


Many	O
people	O
listened	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
were	O
very	O
pleased	O
.	O


Jesus	O
continued	O
teaching	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
careful	O
of	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


They	O
like	O
to	O
walk	O
around	O
wearing	O
clothes	O
that	O
look	O
important	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
love	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
show	O
respect	O
to	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
marketplaces	O
.	O


They	O
love	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
seats	O
in	O
the	O
synagogues	O
and	O
the	O
places	O
of	O
honor	O
at	O
banquets	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
cheat	O
widows	O
and	O
take	O
their	O
homes	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
try	O
to	O
make	O
themselves	O
look	O
good	O
by	O
saying	O
long	O
prayers	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
punish	O
them	O
very	O
much	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
sat	O
near	O
the	O
Temple	O
collection	O
box	O
and	O
watched	O
as	O
people	O
put	O
money	O
into	O
it	O
.	O


Many	O
rich	O
people	O
put	O
in	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


Then	O
a	O
poor	O
widow	O
came	O
and	O
put	O
in	O
two	O
very	O
small	O
copper	O
coins	O
,	O
worth	O
less	O
than	O
a	O
penny	O
.	O


Jesus	O
called	O
his	O
followers	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
poor	O
widow	O
put	O
in	O
only	O
two	O
small	O
coins	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
she	O
gave	O
more	O
than	O
all	O
those	O
rich	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
plenty	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
gave	O
only	O
what	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
need	O
.	O


This	O
woman	O
is	O
very	O
poor	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
gave	O
all	O
she	O
had	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
money	O
she	O
needed	O
to	O
live	O
on	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
was	O
leaving	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
his	O
followers	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
look	O
how	O
big	O
those	O
stones	O
are	O
!	O


What	O
beautiful	O
buildings	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
see	O
these	O
great	O
buildings	O
?	O


They	O
will	O
all	O
be	O
destroyed	O
.	O


Every	O
stone	O
will	O
be	O
thrown	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


Not	O
one	O
stone	O
will	O
be	O
left	O
on	O
another	O
.	O
''	O


Later	O
,	O
Jesus	O
was	O
sitting	O
at	O
a	O
place	O
on	O
the	O
Mount	O
of	O
Olives	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
alone	O
with	O
Peter	O
,	O
James	O
,	O
John	O
,	O
and	O
Andrew	O
.	O


They	O
could	O
all	O
see	O
the	O
Temple	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Tell	O
us	O
when	O
these	O
things	O
will	O
happen	O
.	O


And	O
what	O
will	O
show	O
us	O
it	O
is	O
time	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
happen	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
careful	O
!	O


Do	O
n't	O
let	O
anyone	O
fool	O
you	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
will	O
come	O
and	O
use	O
my	O
name	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
one	O
'	O
and	O
will	O
fool	O
many	O
people	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
hear	O
about	O
wars	O
that	O
are	O
being	O
fought	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
hear	O
stories	O
about	O
other	O
wars	O
beginning	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


These	O
things	O
must	O
happen	O
before	O
the	O
end	O
comes	O
.	O


Nations	O
will	O
fight	O
against	O
other	O
nations	O
.	O


Kingdoms	O
will	O
fight	O
against	O
other	O
kingdoms	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
times	O
when	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
food	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


And	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
earthquakes	O
in	O
different	O
places	O
.	O


These	O
things	O
are	O
only	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
troubles	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
first	O
pains	O
of	O
a	O
woman	O
giving	O
birth	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
must	O
be	O
careful	O
!	O


There	O
are	O
people	O
who	O
will	O
arrest	O
you	O
and	O
take	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
judged	O
for	O
being	O
my	O
followers	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
beat	O
you	O
in	O
their	O
synagogues	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
forced	O
to	O
stand	O
before	O
kings	O
and	O
governors	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
tell	O
them	O
about	O
me	O
.	O


Before	O
the	O
end	O
comes	O
,	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
must	O
be	O
told	O
to	O
all	O
nations	O
.	O


Even	O
when	O
you	O
are	O
arrested	O
and	O
put	O
on	O
trial	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
worry	O
about	O
what	O
you	O
will	O
say	O
.	O


Say	O
whatever	O
God	O
tells	O
you	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
not	O
really	O
be	O
you	O
speaking	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


``	O
Brothers	O
will	O
turn	O
against	O
their	O
own	O
brothers	O
and	O
hand	O
them	O
over	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O


Fathers	O
will	O
hand	O
over	O
their	O
own	O
children	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O


Children	O
will	O
fight	O
against	O
their	O
own	O
parents	O
and	O
have	O
them	O
killed	O
.	O


All	O
people	O
will	O
hate	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
follow	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
remain	O
faithful	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
will	O
be	O
saved	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
will	O
see	O
'	O
the	O
terrible	O
thing	O
that	O
causes	O
destruction	O
.	O
'	O


You	O
will	O
see	O
this	O
thing	O
standing	O
in	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
it	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
Reader	O
,	O
I	O
trust	O
you	O
understand	O
what	O
this	O
means	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


``	O
Everyone	O
in	O
Judea	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
should	O
run	O
away	O
to	O
the	O
mountains	O
.	O


They	O
should	O
run	O
away	O
without	O
wasting	O
time	O
to	O
stop	O
for	O
anything	O
.	O


If	O
someone	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
roof	O
of	O
their	O
house	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
not	O
go	O
down	O
to	O
take	O
things	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


If	O
someone	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
not	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
coat	O
.	O


``	O
During	O
that	O
time	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
hard	O
for	O
women	O
who	O
are	O
pregnant	O
or	O
have	O
small	O
babies	O
.	O


Pray	O
that	O
these	O
things	O
will	O
not	O
happen	O
in	O
winter	O
,	O
because	O
those	O
days	O
will	O
be	O
full	O
of	O
trouble	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
more	O
trouble	O
than	O
has	O
ever	O
happened	O
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
,	O
when	O
God	O
made	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


And	O
nothing	O
that	O
bad	O
will	O
ever	O
happen	O
again	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Lord	O
has	O
decided	O
to	O
make	O
that	O
terrible	O
time	O
short	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
were	O
not	O
made	O
short	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
could	O
survive	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Lord	O
will	O
make	O
that	O
time	O
short	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
special	O
people	O
he	O
has	O
chosen	O
.	O


``	O
Someone	O
might	O
say	O
to	O
you	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
'	O
Look	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
the	O
Christ	O
!	O
'	O


Or	O
another	O
person	O
might	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
There	O
he	O
is	O
!	O
'	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
them	O
.	O


False	O
Christs	O
and	O
false	O
prophets	O
will	O
come	O
and	O
do	O
miracles	O
and	O
wonders	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
fool	O
the	O
people	O
God	O
has	O
chosen	O
,	O
if	O
that	O
is	O
possible	O
.	O


So	O
be	O
careful	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
have	O
warned	O
you	O
about	O
all	O
this	O
before	O
it	O
happens	O
.	O


``	O
During	O
the	O
days	O
following	O
that	O
time	O
of	O
trouble	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
sun	O
will	O
become	O
dark	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
moon	O
will	O
not	O
give	O
light	O
.	O


The	O
stars	O
will	O
fall	O
from	O
the	O
sky	O
,	O
and	O
everything	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
will	O
be	O
changed	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Then	O
people	O
will	O
see	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
coming	O
in	O
the	O
clouds	O
with	O
great	O
power	O
and	O
glory	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
send	O
his	O
angels	O
all	O
around	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
gather	O
his	O
chosen	O
people	O
from	O
every	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
fig	O
tree	O
teaches	O
us	O
a	O
lesson	O
:	O
When	O
its	O
branches	O
become	O
green	O
and	O
soft	O
,	O
and	O
new	O
leaves	O
begin	O
to	O
grow	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
summer	O
is	O
near	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
see	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
happening	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
time	O
is	O
near	O
,	O
ready	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


I	O
assure	O
you	O
that	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
will	O
happen	O
while	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
this	O
time	O
are	O
still	O
living	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
world	O
,	O
earth	O
and	O
sky	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
,	O
but	O
my	O
words	O
will	O
last	O
forever	O
.	O


``	O
No	O
one	O
knows	O
when	O
that	O
day	O
or	O
time	O
will	O
be	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
and	O
the	O
angels	O
in	O
heaven	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
when	O
that	O
day	O
or	O
time	O
will	O
be	O
.	O


Only	O
the	O
Father	O
knows	O
.	O


Be	O
careful	O
!	O


Always	O
be	O
ready	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
when	O
that	O
time	O
will	O
be	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
's	O
like	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
goes	O
on	O
a	O
trip	O
and	O
leaves	O
his	O
house	O
in	O
the	O
care	O
of	O
his	O
servants	O
.	O


He	O
gives	O
each	O
one	O
a	O
special	O
job	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


He	O
tells	O
the	O
servant	O
guarding	O
the	O
door	O
to	O
always	O
be	O
ready	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
am	O
telling	O
you	O
now	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
always	O
be	O
ready	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
when	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
house	O
will	O
come	O
back	O
.	O


He	O
might	O
come	O
in	O
the	O
afternoon	O
,	O
or	O
at	O
midnight	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
morning	O
,	O
or	O
when	O
the	O
sun	O
rises	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
always	O
ready	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
find	O
you	O
sleeping	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
he	O
comes	O
back	O
earlier	O
than	O
expected	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
say	O
it	O
to	O
everyone	O
:	O
'	O
Be	O
ready	O
!	O
'	O
''	O


It	O
was	O
now	O
only	O
two	O
days	O
before	O
the	O
Passover	O
and	O
the	O
Festival	O
of	O
Unleavened	O
Bread	O
.	O


The	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
were	O
trying	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
arrest	O
Jesus	O
without	O
the	O
people	O
seeing	O
it	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
could	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
arrest	O
Jesus	O
during	O
the	O
festival	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
be	O
angry	O
and	O
cause	O
a	O
riot	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
was	O
in	O
Bethany	O
at	O
the	O
house	O
of	O
Simon	O
the	O
leper	O
.	O


While	O
he	O
was	O
eating	O
there	O
,	O
a	O
woman	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


She	O
had	O
an	O
alabaster	O
jar	O
filled	O
with	O
expensive	O
perfume	O
made	O
of	O
pure	O
nard	O
.	O


She	O
opened	O
the	O
jar	O
and	O
poured	O
the	O
perfume	O
on	O
Jesus	O
'	O
head	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
followers	O
there	O
saw	O
this	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
upset	O
and	O
complained	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
waste	O
that	O
perfume	O
?	O


It	O
was	O
worth	O
a	O
full	O
year	O
's	O
pay	O
.	O


It	O
could	O
have	O
been	O
sold	O
and	O
the	O
money	O
given	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
poor	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
they	O
told	O
the	O
woman	O
what	O
a	O
bad	O
thing	O
she	O
had	O
done	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Leave	O
her	O
alone	O
.	O


Why	O
are	O
you	O
giving	O
her	O
such	O
trouble	O
?	O


She	O
did	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
thing	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
always	O
have	O
the	O
poor	O
with	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
can	O
help	O
them	O
any	O
time	O
you	O
want	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
always	O
have	O
me	O
.	O


This	O
woman	O
did	O
the	O
only	O
thing	O
she	O
could	O
do	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


She	O
poured	O
perfume	O
on	O
my	O
body	O
before	O
I	O
die	O
to	O
prepare	O
it	O
for	O
burial	O
.	O


The	O
Good	O
News	O
will	O
be	O
told	O
to	O
people	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
can	O
assure	O
you	O
that	O
everywhere	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
is	O
told	O
,	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
what	O
this	O
woman	O
did	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
told	O
,	O
and	O
people	O
will	O
remember	O
her	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Judas	O
Iscariot	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
,	O
went	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
about	O
handing	O
Jesus	O
over	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
very	O
happy	O
about	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
promised	O
to	O
pay	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
waited	O
for	O
the	O
best	O
time	O
to	O
hand	O
Jesus	O
over	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
now	O
the	O
first	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
Festival	O
of	O
Unleavened	O
Bread	O
--	O
the	O
day	O
the	O
lambs	O
were	O
killed	O
for	O
the	O
Passover	O
.	O


Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
will	O
go	O
and	O
prepare	O
everything	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
eat	O
the	O
Passover	O
meal	O
.	O


Where	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
us	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
meal	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
sent	O
two	O
of	O
his	O
followers	O
into	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
into	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
see	O
a	O
man	O
carrying	O
a	O
jar	O
of	O
water	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Follow	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
go	O
into	O
a	O
house	O
.	O


Tell	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
house	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
Teacher	O
asks	O
that	O
you	O
show	O
us	O
the	O
room	O
where	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
can	O
eat	O
the	O
Passover	O
meal	O
.	O
'	O


The	O
owner	O
will	O
show	O
you	O
a	O
large	O
room	O
upstairs	O
that	O
is	O
ready	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Prepare	O
the	O
meal	O
for	O
us	O
there	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
followers	O
left	O
and	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


Everything	O
happened	O
the	O
way	O
Jesus	O
said	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
followers	O
prepared	O
the	O
Passover	O
meal	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
evening	O
,	O
Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
that	O
house	O
with	O
the	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
.	O


While	O
they	O
were	O
all	O
at	O
the	O
table	O
eating	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O


Believe	O
me	O
when	O
I	O
say	O
that	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
will	O
hand	O
me	O
over	O
to	O
my	O
enemies	O
--	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
eating	O
with	O
me	O
now	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
were	O
very	O
sad	O
to	O
hear	O
this	O
.	O


Each	O
one	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Surely	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
the	O
one	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
twelve	O
--	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
dipping	O
his	O
bread	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
bowl	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
will	O
suffer	O
what	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
bad	O
for	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
hands	O
over	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
for	O
him	O
if	O
he	O
had	O
never	O
been	O
born	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
they	O
were	O
eating	O
,	O
Jesus	O
took	O
some	O
bread	O
and	O
thanked	O
God	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
broke	O
off	O
some	O
pieces	O
,	O
gave	O
them	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O


Take	O
and	O
eat	O
this	O
bread	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
my	O
body	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
took	O
a	O
cup	O
of	O
wine	O
,	O
thanked	O
God	O
for	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
drank	O
from	O
the	O
cup	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
wine	O
is	O
my	O
blood	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
poured	O
out	O
for	O
many	O
to	O
begin	O
the	O
new	O
agreement	O
from	O
God	O
to	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
drink	O
this	O
wine	O
again	O
until	O
that	O
day	O
when	O
I	O
drink	O
it	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
and	O
the	O
wine	O
is	O
new	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
all	O
sang	O
a	O
song	O
and	O
then	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
Mount	O
of	O
Olives	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
told	O
the	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
will	O
all	O
lose	O
your	O
faith	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
will	O
kill	O
the	O
shepherd	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
sheep	O
will	O
run	O
away	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
after	O
I	O
am	O
killed	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
will	O
go	O
to	O
Galilee	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
be	O
there	O
before	O
you	O
come	O
.	O
''	O


Peter	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
All	O
the	O
other	O
followers	O
may	O
lose	O
their	O
faith	O
.	O


But	O
my	O
faith	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
shaken	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
tonight	O
you	O
will	O
say	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
say	O
it	O
three	O
times	O
before	O
the	O
rooster	O
crows	O
twice	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Peter	O
strongly	O
protested	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
never	O
say	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
you	O
!	O


I	O
will	O
even	O
die	O
with	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


And	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
followers	O
said	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
.	O


Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
went	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
named	O
Gethsemane	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Sit	O
here	O
while	O
I	O
pray	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
he	O
told	O
Peter	O
,	O
James	O
,	O
and	O
John	O
to	O
come	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
began	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
distressed	O
and	O
troubled	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
heart	O
is	O
so	O
heavy	O
with	O
grief	O
,	O
I	O
feel	O
as	O
if	O
I	O
am	O
dying	O
.	O


Wait	O
here	O
and	O
stay	O
awake	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
went	O
on	O
a	O
little	O
farther	O
away	O
from	O
them	O
,	O
fell	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
,	O
and	O
prayed	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
that	O
,	O
if	O
possible	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
this	O
time	O
of	O
suffering	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Abba	O
,	O
Father	O
!	O


You	O
can	O
do	O
all	O
things	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
make	O
me	O
drink	O
from	O
this	O
cup	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
,	O
not	O
what	O
I	O
want	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
and	O
found	O
them	O
sleeping	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
Peter	O
,	O
``	O
Simon	O
,	O
why	O
are	O
you	O
sleeping	O
?	O


Could	O
you	O
not	O
stay	O
awake	O
with	O
me	O
for	O
one	O
hour	O
?	O


Stay	O
awake	O
and	O
pray	O
for	O
strength	O
against	O
temptation	O
.	O


Your	O
spirit	O
wants	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
,	O
but	O
your	O
body	O
is	O
weak	O
.	O
''	O


Again	O
Jesus	O
went	O
away	O
and	O
prayed	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
followers	O
and	O
again	O
found	O
them	O
sleeping	O
.	O


They	O
could	O
not	O
stay	O
awake	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
what	O
they	O
should	O
say	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


After	O
Jesus	O
prayed	O
a	O
third	O
time	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Are	O
you	O
still	O
sleeping	O
and	O
resting	O
?	O


That	O
's	O
enough	O
!	O


The	O
time	O
has	O
come	O
for	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
to	O
be	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
sinful	O
men	O
.	O


Stand	O
up	O
!	O


We	O
must	O
go	O
.	O


Here	O
comes	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
is	O
handing	O
me	O
over	O
to	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
Jesus	O
was	O
still	O
speaking	O
,	O
Judas	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
,	O
came	O
there	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
a	O
big	O
crowd	O
of	O
people	O
with	O
him	O
,	O
all	O
carrying	O
swords	O
and	O
clubs	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
been	O
sent	O
from	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
,	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
.	O


Judas	O
planned	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
to	O
show	O
them	O
which	O
one	O
was	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
one	O
I	O
kiss	O
will	O
be	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Arrest	O
him	O
and	O
guard	O
him	O
while	O
you	O
lead	O
him	O
away	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Judas	O
went	O
over	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
kissed	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
grabbed	O
Jesus	O
and	O
arrested	O
him	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
followers	O
standing	O
near	O
Jesus	O
grabbed	O
his	O
sword	O
and	O
pulled	O
it	O
out	O
.	O


He	O
swung	O
it	O
at	O
the	O
servant	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
and	O
cut	O
off	O
his	O
ear	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
do	O
you	O
come	O
to	O
get	O
me	O
with	O
swords	O
and	O
clubs	O
as	O
if	O
I	O
were	O
a	O
criminal	O
?	O


Every	O
day	O
I	O
was	O
with	O
you	O
teaching	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


You	O
did	O
not	O
arrest	O
me	O
there	O
.	O


But	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
have	O
happened	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
full	O
meaning	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
said	O
.	O
''	O
Then	O
all	O
of	O
Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
left	O
him	O
and	O
ran	O
away	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
those	O
following	O
Jesus	O
was	O
a	O
young	O
man	O
wearing	O
only	O
a	O
linen	O
cloth	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
people	O
tried	O
to	O
grab	O
him	O
,	O
he	O
left	O
the	O
cloth	O
in	O
their	O
hands	O
and	O
ran	O
away	O
naked	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
arrested	O
Jesus	O
led	O
him	O
to	O
the	O
house	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
,	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
were	O
gathered	O
there	O
.	O


Peter	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
but	O
stayed	O
back	O
at	O
a	O
distance	O
.	O


He	O
followed	O
him	O
to	O
the	O
yard	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
's	O
house	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
yard	O
and	O
sat	O
there	O
with	O
the	O
guards	O
,	O
warming	O
himself	O
by	O
their	O
fire	O
.	O


The	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
whole	O
high	O
council	O
tried	O
to	O
find	O
something	O
that	O
Jesus	O
had	O
done	O
wrong	O
so	O
they	O
could	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
council	O
could	O
find	O
no	O
proof	O
that	O
would	O
allow	O
them	O
to	O
kill	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
came	O
and	O
told	O
lies	O
against	O
Jesus	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
all	O
said	O
different	O
things	O
.	O


None	O
of	O
them	O
agreed	O
.	O


Then	O
some	O
others	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
told	O
more	O
lies	O
against	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
heard	O
this	O
man	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
will	O
destroy	O
this	O
Temple	O
built	O
by	O
human	O
hands	O
.	O


And	O
three	O
days	O
later	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
build	O
another	O
Temple	O
not	O
made	O
by	O
human	O
hands	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


But	O
also	O
what	O
these	O
people	O
said	O
did	O
not	O
agree	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
stood	O
up	O
before	O
everyone	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
These	O
people	O
said	O
things	O
against	O
you	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
have	O
something	O
to	O
say	O
about	O
their	O
charges	O
?	O


Are	O
they	O
telling	O
the	O
truth	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
nothing	O
to	O
answer	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
high	O
priest	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
another	O
question	O
:	O
``	O
Are	O
you	O
the	O
Christ	O
,	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
the	O
blessed	O
God	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
sitting	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
side	O
of	O
God	O
All	O
-	O
Powerful	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
coming	O
on	O
the	O
clouds	O
of	O
heaven	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
tore	O
his	O
clothes	O
in	O
anger	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
any	O
more	O
witnesses	O
!	O


You	O
all	O
heard	O
these	O
insults	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
?	O
''	O


Everyone	O
agreed	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
guilty	O
and	O
must	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
there	O
spit	O
at	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
covered	O
his	O
eyes	O
and	O
hit	O
him	O
with	O
their	O
fists	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
a	O
prophet	O
and	O
tell	O
us	O
who	O
hit	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
guards	O
led	O
Jesus	O
away	O
and	O
beat	O
him	O
.	O


While	O
Peter	O
was	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
yard	O
,	O
a	O
servant	O
girl	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
came	O
there	O
.	O


She	O
saw	O
him	O
warming	O
himself	O
by	O
the	O
fire	O
.	O


She	O
looked	O
closely	O
at	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
were	O
with	O
Jesus	O
,	O
that	O
man	O
from	O
Nazareth	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Peter	O
said	O
this	O
was	O
not	O
true	O
.	O


``	O
That	O
makes	O
no	O
sense	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
talking	O
about	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
left	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
entrance	O
of	O
the	O
yard	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
rooster	O
crowed	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
servant	O
girl	O
saw	O
him	O
there	O
,	O
she	O
began	O
saying	O
again	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
standing	O
around	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
man	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


Again	O
Peter	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
true	O
.	O


A	O
short	O
time	O
later	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
standing	O
there	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
know	O
you	O
are	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
are	O
from	O
Galilee	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Peter	O
began	O
to	O
curse	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
swear	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
this	O
man	O
you	O
are	O
talking	O
about	O
!	O
''	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
Peter	O
said	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
rooster	O
crowed	O
the	O
second	O
time	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
remembered	O
what	O
Jesus	O
had	O
told	O
him	O
:	O
``	O
Before	O
the	O
rooster	O
crows	O
twice	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
say	O
three	O
times	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Peter	O
began	O
to	O
cry	O
.	O


Very	O
early	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
,	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
,	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
,	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
whole	O
high	O
council	O
decided	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
tied	O
him	O
,	O
led	O
him	O
away	O
,	O
and	O
handed	O
him	O
over	O
to	O
Governor	O
Pilate	O
.	O


Pilate	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Are	O
you	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
right	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
leading	O
priests	O
accused	O
Jesus	O
of	O
many	O
things	O
.	O


So	O
Pilate	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
another	O
question	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
these	O
people	O
are	O
accusing	O
you	O
of	O
many	O
things	O
.	O


Why	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
answer	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
still	O
did	O
not	O
answer	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
really	O
surprised	O
Pilate	O
.	O


Every	O
year	O
at	O
the	O
Passover	O
time	O
the	O
governor	O
would	O
free	O
one	O
prisoner	O
--	O
whichever	O
one	O
the	O
people	O
wanted	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
in	O
prison	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
named	O
Barabbas	O
.	O


He	O
and	O
the	O
rebels	O
with	O
him	O
had	O
been	O
put	O
in	O
prison	O
for	O
committing	O
murder	O
during	O
a	O
riot	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
came	O
to	O
Pilate	O
and	O
asked	O
him	O
to	O
free	O
a	O
prisoner	O
as	O
he	O
always	O
did	O
.	O


Pilate	O
asked	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
want	O
me	O
to	O
free	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
?	O
''	O


Pilate	O
knew	O
that	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
had	O
handed	O
Jesus	O
over	O
to	O
him	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
jealous	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
persuaded	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
ask	O
Pilate	O
to	O
free	O
Barabbas	O
,	O
not	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Pilate	O
asked	O
the	O
people	O
again	O
,	O
``	O
So	O
what	O
should	O
I	O
do	O
with	O
this	O
man	O
you	O
call	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
Kill	O
him	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
!	O
''	O


Pilate	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
?	O


What	O
wrong	O
has	O
he	O
done	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
people	O
shouted	O
louder	O
and	O
louder	O
,	O
``	O
Kill	O
him	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
!	O
''	O


Pilate	O
wanted	O
to	O
please	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
set	O
Barabbas	O
free	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
told	O
the	O
soldiers	O
to	O
beat	O
Jesus	O
with	O
whips	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
handed	O
him	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
soldiers	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O


Pilate	O
's	O
soldiers	O
took	O
Jesus	O
into	O
the	O
governor	O
's	O
palace	O
-LRB-	O
called	O
the	O
Praetorium	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


They	O
called	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
soldiers	O
together	O
.	O


They	O
put	O
a	O
purple	O
robe	O
on	O
Jesus	O
,	O
made	O
a	O
crown	O
from	O
thorny	O
branches	O
,	O
and	O
put	O
it	O
on	O
his	O
head	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
began	O
shouting	O
,	O
``	O
Welcome	O
,	O
king	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
!	O
''	O


They	O
kept	O
on	O
beating	O
his	O
head	O
with	O
a	O
stick	O
and	O
spitting	O
on	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
bowed	O
down	O
on	O
their	O
knees	O
and	O
pretended	O
to	O
honor	O
him	O
as	O
a	O
king	O
.	O


After	O
they	O
finished	O
making	O
fun	O
of	O
him	O
,	O
they	O
took	O
off	O
the	O
purple	O
robe	O
and	O
put	O
his	O
own	O
clothes	O
on	O
him	O
again	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
led	O
him	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
palace	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
from	O
Cyrene	O
named	O
Simon	O
walking	O
into	O
the	O
city	O
from	O
the	O
fields	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
Alexander	O
and	O
Rufus	O
.	O


The	O
soldiers	O
forced	O
him	O
to	O
carry	O
Jesus	O
'	O
cross	O
.	O


They	O
led	O
Jesus	O
to	O
the	O
place	O
called	O
Golgotha	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Golgotha	O
means	O
``	O
The	O
Place	O
of	O
the	O
Skull	O
.	O
''	O
-RRB-	O


There	O
they	O
gave	O
him	O
some	O
wine	O
mixed	O
with	O
myrrh	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
refused	O
to	O
drink	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
soldiers	O
nailed	O
Jesus	O
to	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
divided	O
his	O
clothes	O
among	O
themselves	O
,	O
throwing	O
dice	O
to	O
see	O
who	O
would	O
get	O
what	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
nine	O
o'clock	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
when	O
they	O
nailed	O
Jesus	O
to	O
the	O
cross	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
sign	O
with	O
the	O
charge	O
against	O
him	O
written	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
the	O
jews	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
also	O
nailed	O
two	O
criminals	O
to	O
crosses	O
beside	O
Jesus	O
--	O
one	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
on	O
the	O
left	O
.	O


People	O
walked	O
by	O
and	O
said	O
bad	O
things	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
shook	O
their	O
heads	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
said	O
you	O
could	O
destroy	O
the	O
Temple	O
and	O
build	O
it	O
again	O
in	O
three	O
days	O
.	O


So	O
save	O
yourself	O
!	O


Come	O
down	O
from	O
that	O
cross	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
were	O
also	O
there	O
.	O


They	O
made	O
fun	O
of	O
Jesus	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
other	O
people	O
did	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
saved	O
others	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
ca	O
n't	O
save	O
himself	O
!	O


If	O
he	O
is	O
really	O
the	O
Christ	O
,	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
Israel	O
,	O
he	O
should	O
come	O
down	O
from	O
the	O
cross	O
now	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
see	O
this	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
will	O
believe	O
in	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
criminals	O
on	O
the	O
crosses	O
beside	O
Jesus	O
also	O
said	O
bad	O
things	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


At	O
noon	O
the	O
whole	O
country	O
became	O
dark	O
.	O


This	O
darkness	O
continued	O
until	O
three	O
o'clock	O
.	O


At	O
three	O
o'clock	O
Jesus	O
cried	O
out	O
loudly	O
,	O
``	O
Eloi	O
,	O
Eloi	O
,	O
lama	O
sabachthani	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
means	O
``	O
My	O
God	O
,	O
my	O
God	O
,	O
why	O
have	O
you	O
left	O
me	O
alone	O
?	O
''	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
standing	O
there	O
heard	O
this	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Listen	O
!	O


He	O
is	O
calling	O
Elijah	O
.	O
''	O


One	O
man	O
there	O
ran	O
and	O
got	O
a	O
sponge	O
.	O


He	O
filled	O
the	O
sponge	O
with	O
sour	O
wine	O
and	O
tied	O
it	O
to	O
a	O
stick	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
used	O
the	O
stick	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
sponge	O
to	O
Jesus	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
drink	O
from	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
should	O
wait	O
now	O
and	O
see	O
if	O
Elijah	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
take	O
him	O
down	O
from	O
the	O
cross	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
cried	O
out	O
loudly	O
and	O
died	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
died	O
,	O
the	O
curtain	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
was	O
torn	O
into	O
two	O
pieces	O
.	O


The	O
tear	O
started	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
and	O
tore	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
bottom	O
.	O


The	O
army	O
officer	O
who	O
was	O
standing	O
there	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
cross	O
saw	O
what	O
happened	O
when	O
Jesus	O
died	O
.	O


The	O
officer	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
man	O
really	O
was	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
!	O
''	O


Some	O
women	O
were	O
standing	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
cross	O
,	O
watching	O
.	O


Among	O
these	O
women	O
were	O
Mary	O
Magdalene	O
,	O
Salome	O
,	O
and	O
Mary	O
the	O
mother	O
of	O
James	O
and	O
Joses	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
James	O
was	O
her	O
youngest	O
son	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


These	O
were	O
the	O
women	O
who	O
had	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
in	O
Galilee	O
and	O
cared	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


Many	O
other	O
women	O
who	O
had	O
come	O
with	O
Jesus	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
were	O
also	O
there	O
.	O


This	O
day	O
was	O
called	O
Preparation	O
day	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
That	O
means	O
the	O
day	O
before	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


It	O
was	O
becoming	O
dark	O
.	O


A	O
man	O
named	O
Joseph	O
from	O
Arimathea	O
was	O
brave	O
enough	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Pilate	O
and	O
ask	O
for	O
Jesus	O
'	O
body	O
.	O


Joseph	O
was	O
an	O
important	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
council	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
wanted	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


Pilate	O
was	O
surprised	O
to	O
hear	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
already	O
dead	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
called	O
for	O
the	O
army	O
officer	O
in	O
charge	O
and	O
asked	O
him	O
if	O
Jesus	O
was	O
already	O
dead	O
.	O


When	O
Pilate	O
heard	O
it	O
from	O
the	O
officer	O
,	O
he	O
told	O
Joseph	O
he	O
could	O
have	O
the	O
body	O
.	O


Joseph	O
bought	O
some	O
linen	O
cloth	O
.	O


He	O
took	O
the	O
body	O
from	O
the	O
cross	O
,	O
wrapped	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
linen	O
,	O
and	O
put	O
the	O
body	O
in	O
a	O
tomb	O
that	O
was	O
dug	O
in	O
a	O
wall	O
of	O
rock	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
closed	O
the	O
tomb	O
by	O
rolling	O
a	O
large	O
stone	O
to	O
cover	O
the	O
entrance	O
.	O


Mary	O
Magdalene	O
and	O
Mary	O
the	O
mother	O
of	O
Joses	O
saw	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
Jesus	O
was	O
put	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
after	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
,	O
Mary	O
Magdalene	O
,	O
Salome	O
,	O
and	O
Mary	O
the	O
mother	O
of	O
James	O
bought	O
some	O
sweet	O
-	O
smelling	O
spices	O
to	O
put	O
on	O
Jesus	O
'	O
body	O
.	O


Very	O
early	O
on	O
that	O
day	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
week	O
,	O
the	O
women	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
tomb	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
very	O
early	O
after	O
sunrise	O
.	O


The	O
women	O
said	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
large	O
stone	O
covering	O
the	O
entrance	O
of	O
the	O
tomb	O
.	O


Who	O
will	O
move	O
the	O
stone	O
for	O
us	O
?	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
women	O
looked	O
and	O
saw	O
that	O
the	O
stone	O
was	O
moved	O
.	O


The	O
stone	O
was	O
very	O
large	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
moved	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
entrance	O
.	O


The	O
women	O
walked	O
into	O
the	O
tomb	O
and	O
saw	O
a	O
young	O
man	O
there	O
wearing	O
a	O
white	O
robe	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
sitting	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
tomb	O
.	O


The	O
women	O
were	O
afraid	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
man	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
looking	O
for	O
Jesus	O
from	O
Nazareth	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
killed	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
risen	O
from	O
death	O
!	O


He	O
is	O
not	O
here	O
.	O


Look	O
,	O
here	O
is	O
the	O
place	O
they	O
put	O
him	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
dead	O
.	O


Now	O
go	O
and	O
tell	O
his	O
followers	O
.	O


And	O
be	O
sure	O
to	O
tell	O
Peter	O
.	O


Tell	O
them	O
,	O
'	O
Jesus	O
is	O
going	O
into	O
Galilee	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
there	O
before	O
you	O
come	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
see	O
him	O
there	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
told	O
you	O
before	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


The	O
women	O
were	O
very	O
afraid	O
and	O
confused	O
.	O


They	O
left	O
the	O
tomb	O
and	O
ran	O
away	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
tell	O
about	O
what	O
happened	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
afraid	O
.	O


Jesus	O
rose	O
from	O
death	O
early	O
on	O
the	O
first	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
week	O
.	O


He	O
appeared	O
first	O
to	O
Mary	O
Magdalene	O
.	O


One	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
Jesus	O
had	O
forced	O
seven	O
demons	O
out	O
of	O
Mary	O
.	O


After	O
Mary	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
,	O
she	O
went	O
and	O
told	O
his	O
followers	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
very	O
sad	O
and	O
were	O
crying	O
.	O


But	O
Mary	O
told	O
them	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
alive	O
.	O


She	O
said	O
that	O
she	O
had	O
seen	O
Jesus	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
her	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
Jesus	O
appeared	O
to	O
two	O
followers	O
while	O
they	O
were	O
walking	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
did	O
not	O
look	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
before	O
he	O
was	O
killed	O
.	O


These	O
followers	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
followers	O
and	O
told	O
them	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


Again	O
,	O
the	O
followers	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
them	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
Jesus	O
appeared	O
to	O
the	O
eleven	O
followers	O
while	O
they	O
were	O
eating	O
.	O


He	O
criticized	O
them	O
because	O
they	O
had	O
so	O
little	O
faith	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
stubborn	O
and	O
refused	O
to	O
believe	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
said	O
Jesus	O
had	O
risen	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
everywhere	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Tell	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
to	O
everyone	O
.	O


Whoever	O
believes	O
and	O
is	O
baptized	O
will	O
be	O
saved	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
believe	O
will	O
be	O
judged	O
guilty	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
believe	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
these	O
things	O
as	O
proof	O
:	O
They	O
will	O
use	O
my	O
name	O
to	O
force	O
demons	O
out	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
speak	O
in	O
languages	O
they	O
never	O
learned	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
pick	O
up	O
snakes	O
or	O
drink	O
any	O
poison	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
hurt	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
lay	O
their	O
hands	O
on	O
sick	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
get	O
well	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
said	O
these	O
things	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
carried	O
up	O
into	O
heaven	O
.	O


There	O
,	O
Jesus	O
sat	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
side	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
followers	O
went	O
everywhere	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
telling	O
people	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
helped	O
them	O
.	O


By	O
giving	O
them	O
power	O
to	O
do	O
miracles	O
the	O
Lord	O
proved	O
that	O
their	O
message	O
was	O
true	O
.	O


Most	O
Honorable	O
Theophilus	O
:	O
Many	O
others	O
have	O
tried	O
to	O
give	O
a	O
report	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
happened	O
among	O
us	O
to	O
complete	O
God	O
's	O
plan	O
.	O


What	O
they	O
have	O
written	O
agrees	O
with	O
what	O
we	O
learned	O
from	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
saw	O
those	O
events	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
served	O
God	O
by	O
telling	O
people	O
his	O
message	O
.	O


I	O
studied	O
it	O
all	O
carefully	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
decided	O
to	O
write	O
it	O
down	O
for	O
you	O
in	O
an	O
organized	O
way	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
sure	O
that	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
taught	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
Herod	O
ruled	O
Judea	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
priest	O
named	O
Zechariah	O
.	O


He	O
belonged	O
to	O
Abijah	O
's	O
group	O
.	O


His	O
wife	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Aaron	O
.	O


Her	O
name	O
was	O
Elizabeth	O
.	O


Zechariah	O
and	O
Elizabeth	O
were	O
both	O
good	O
people	O
who	O
pleased	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
everything	O
the	O
Lord	O
commanded	O
,	O
always	O
following	O
his	O
instructions	O
completely	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
had	O
no	O
children	O
.	O


Elizabeth	O
could	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
baby	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
very	O
old	O
.	O


Zechariah	O
was	O
serving	O
as	O
a	O
priest	O
before	O
God	O
for	O
his	O
group	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
his	O
group	O
's	O
time	O
to	O
serve	O
.	O


The	O
priests	O
always	O
chose	O
one	O
priest	O
to	O
offer	O
the	O
incense	O
,	O
and	O
Zechariah	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
chosen	O
this	O
time	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
Temple	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
to	O
offer	O
the	O
incense	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
large	O
crowd	O
outside	O
praying	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
incense	O
was	O
offered	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
incense	O
table	O
an	O
angel	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
came	O
and	O
stood	O
before	O
Zechariah	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
saw	O
the	O
angel	O
,	O
Zechariah	O
was	O
upset	O
and	O
very	O
afraid	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
angel	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Zechariah	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


Your	O
prayer	O
has	O
been	O
heard	O
by	O
God	O
.	O


Your	O
wife	O
Elizabeth	O
will	O
give	O
birth	O
to	O
a	O
baby	O
boy	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
name	O
him	O
John	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
happy	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
others	O
will	O
share	O
your	O
joy	O
over	O
his	O
birth	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
great	O
man	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
never	O
drink	O
wine	O
or	O
beer	O
.	O


Even	O
before	O
he	O
is	O
born	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
be	O
filled	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


``	O
John	O
will	O
help	O
many	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
return	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
their	O
God	O
.	O


John	O
himself	O
will	O
go	O
ahead	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
and	O
make	O
people	O
ready	O
for	O
his	O
coming	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
be	O
powerful	O
like	O
Elijah	O
and	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
spirit	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
make	O
peace	O
between	O
fathers	O
and	O
their	O
children	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
cause	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
obeying	O
God	O
to	O
change	O
and	O
start	O
thinking	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
should	O
.	O
''	O


Zechariah	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
angel	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
can	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
what	O
you	O
say	O
is	O
true	O
?	O


I	O
am	O
an	O
old	O
man	O
,	O
and	O
my	O
wife	O
is	O
also	O
old	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
angel	O
answered	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
Gabriel	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
always	O
stands	O
ready	O
before	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
sent	O
me	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
good	O
news	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
listen	O
!	O


You	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
talk	O
until	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
these	O
things	O
happen	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
lose	O
your	O
speech	O
because	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
what	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
everything	O
I	O
said	O
will	O
really	O
happen	O
.	O
''	O


Outside	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
still	O
waiting	O
for	O
Zechariah	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
surprised	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
staying	O
so	O
long	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


Then	O
Zechariah	O
came	O
outside	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
could	O
not	O
speak	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
people	O
knew	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
seen	O
a	O
vision	O
inside	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
speak	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
could	O
only	O
make	O
signs	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


When	O
his	O
time	O
of	O
service	O
was	O
finished	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
home	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
Zechariah	O
's	O
wife	O
Elizabeth	O
became	O
pregnant	O
.	O


So	O
she	O
did	O
not	O
go	O
out	O
of	O
her	O
house	O
for	O
five	O
months	O
.	O


She	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
what	O
the	O
Lord	O
has	O
done	O
for	O
me	O
!	O


He	O
decided	O
to	O
help	O
me	O
.	O


Now	O
people	O
will	O
stop	O
thinking	O
there	O
is	O
something	O
wrong	O
with	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


During	O
Elizabeth	O
's	O
sixth	O
month	O
of	O
pregnancy	O
,	O
God	O
sent	O
the	O
angel	O
Gabriel	O
to	O
a	O
virgin	O
girl	O
who	O
lived	O
in	O
Nazareth	O
,	O
a	O
town	O
in	O
Galilee	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
engaged	O
to	O
marry	O
a	O
man	O
named	O
Joseph	O
from	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
David	O
.	O


Her	O
name	O
was	O
Mary	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
came	O
to	O
her	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Greetings	O
!	O


The	O
Lord	O
is	O
with	O
you	O
;	O
you	O
are	O
very	O
special	O
to	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Mary	O
was	O
very	O
confused	O
about	O
what	O
the	O
angel	O
said	O
.	O


She	O
wondered	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
does	O
this	O
mean	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
angel	O
said	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
,	O
Mary	O
,	O
because	O
God	O
is	O
very	O
pleased	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


Listen	O
!	O


You	O
will	O
become	O
pregnant	O
and	O
have	O
a	O
baby	O
boy	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
name	O
him	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
be	O
great	O
.	O


People	O
will	O
call	O
him	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
the	O
Most	O
High	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
God	O
will	O
make	O
him	O
king	O
like	O
his	O
ancestor	O
David	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
rule	O
over	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Jacob	O
forever	O
;	O
his	O
kingdom	O
will	O
never	O
end	O
.	O
''	O


Mary	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
angel	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
will	O
this	O
happen	O
?	O


I	O
am	O
still	O
a	O
virgin	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
angel	O
said	O
to	O
Mary	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
Most	O
High	O
God	O
will	O
cover	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
baby	O
will	O
be	O
holy	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
called	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
here	O
's	O
something	O
else	O
:	O
Your	O
relative	O
Elizabeth	O
is	O
pregnant	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
very	O
old	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
son	O
.	O


Everyone	O
thought	O
she	O
could	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
baby	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
has	O
been	O
pregnant	O
now	O
for	O
six	O
months	O
.	O


God	O
can	O
do	O
anything	O
!	O
''	O


Mary	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
servant	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
God	O
.	O


Let	O
this	O
thing	O
you	O
have	O
said	O
happen	O
to	O
me	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
angel	O
went	O
away	O
.	O


Mary	O
got	O
up	O
and	O
went	O
quickly	O
to	O
a	O
town	O
in	O
the	O
hill	O
country	O
of	O
Judea	O
.	O


She	O
went	O
into	O
Zechariah	O
's	O
house	O
and	O
greeted	O
Elizabeth	O
.	O


When	O
Elizabeth	O
heard	O
Mary	O
's	O
greeting	O
,	O
the	O
unborn	O
baby	O
inside	O
her	O
jumped	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
filled	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
she	O
said	O
to	O
Mary	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
has	O
blessed	O
you	O
more	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
woman	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
has	O
blessed	O
the	O
baby	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
the	O
mother	O
of	O
my	O
Lord	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
me	O
!	O


Why	O
has	O
something	O
so	O
good	O
happened	O
to	O
me	O
?	O


When	O
I	O
heard	O
your	O
voice	O
,	O
the	O
baby	O
inside	O
me	O
jumped	O
with	O
joy	O
.	O


Great	O
blessings	O
are	O
yours	O
because	O
you	O
believed	O
what	O
the	O
Lord	O
said	O
to	O
you	O
!	O


You	O
believed	O
this	O
would	O
happen	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Mary	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
praise	O
the	O
Lord	O
with	O
all	O
my	O
heart	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
very	O
happy	O
because	O
God	O
is	O
my	O
Savior	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
important	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
has	O
shown	O
his	O
care	O
for	O
me	O
,	O
his	O
lowly	O
servant	O
.	O


From	O
now	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
people	O
will	O
remember	O
how	O
much	O
God	O
blessed	O
me	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
the	O
Powerful	O
One	O
has	O
done	O
great	O
things	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


His	O
name	O
is	O
very	O
holy	O
.	O


He	O
always	O
gives	O
mercy	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
worship	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
reached	O
out	O
his	O
arm	O
and	O
showed	O
his	O
power	O
.	O


He	O
scattered	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
proud	O
and	O
think	O
great	O
things	O
about	O
themselves	O
.	O


He	O
brought	O
down	O
rulers	O
from	O
their	O
thrones	O
and	O
raised	O
up	O
the	O
humble	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
filled	O
the	O
hungry	O
with	O
good	O
things	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
sent	O
the	O
rich	O
away	O
with	O
nothing	O
.	O


God	O
has	O
helped	O
Israel	O
--	O
the	O
people	O
he	O
chose	O
to	O
serve	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
forget	O
his	O
promise	O
to	O
give	O
us	O
his	O
mercy	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
done	O
what	O
he	O
promised	O
to	O
our	O
ancestors	O
,	O
to	O
Abraham	O
and	O
his	O
children	O
forever	O
.	O
''	O


Mary	O
stayed	O
with	O
Elizabeth	O
for	O
about	O
three	O
months	O
and	O
then	O
went	O
home	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
was	O
time	O
for	O
Elizabeth	O
to	O
give	O
birth	O
,	O
she	O
had	O
a	O
boy	O
.	O


Her	O
neighbors	O
and	O
relatives	O
heard	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
was	O
very	O
good	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
happy	O
for	O
her	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
baby	O
was	O
eight	O
days	O
old	O
,	O
they	O
came	O
to	O
circumcise	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
name	O
him	O
Zechariah	O
because	O
this	O
was	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
name	O
.	O


But	O
his	O
mother	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
be	O
named	O
John	O
.	O
''	O
The	O
people	O
said	O
to	O
Elizabeth	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
no	O
one	O
in	O
your	O
family	O
has	O
that	O
name	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
they	O
made	O
signs	O
to	O
his	O
father	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
would	O
you	O
like	O
to	O
name	O
him	O
?	O
''	O


Zechariah	O
asked	O
for	O
something	O
to	O
write	O
on	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
wrote	O
,	O
``	O
His	O
name	O
is	O
John	O
.	O
''	O
Everyone	O
was	O
surprised	O
.	O


Then	O
Zechariah	O
could	O
talk	O
again	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
began	O
praising	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
all	O
their	O
neighbors	O
were	O
afraid	O
.	O


In	O
all	O
the	O
hill	O
country	O
of	O
Judea	O
people	O
continued	O
talking	O
about	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
heard	O
about	O
these	O
things	O
wondered	O
about	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
thought	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
will	O
this	O
child	O
be	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
could	O
see	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
was	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
Zechariah	O
,	O
John	O
's	O
father	O
,	O
was	O
filled	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
and	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
a	O
message	O
from	O
God	O
:	O
``	O
Praise	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
God	O
of	O
Israel	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
come	O
to	O
help	O
his	O
people	O
and	O
has	O
given	O
them	O
freedom	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
given	O
us	O
a	O
powerful	O
Savior	O
from	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
his	O
servant	O
David	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
he	O
promised	O
through	O
his	O
holy	O
prophets	O
long	O
ago	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
save	O
us	O
from	O
our	O
enemies	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
hate	O
us	O
.	O


God	O
said	O
he	O
would	O
show	O
mercy	O
to	O
our	O
fathers	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
remembered	O
his	O
holy	O
agreement	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
the	O
promise	O
he	O
made	O
to	O
our	O
father	O
Abraham	O
,	O
a	O
promise	O
to	O
free	O
us	O
from	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
our	O
enemies	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
could	O
serve	O
him	O
without	O
fear	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
is	O
holy	O
and	O
right	O
for	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
we	O
live	O
.	O


``	O
Now	O
you	O
,	O
little	O
boy	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
called	O
a	O
prophet	O
of	O
the	O
Most	O
High	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
go	O
first	O
before	O
the	O
Lord	O
to	O
prepare	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
make	O
his	O
people	O
understand	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
saved	O
by	O
having	O
their	O
sins	O
forgiven	O
.	O


``	O
With	O
the	O
loving	O
mercy	O
of	O
our	O
God	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
day	O
from	O
heaven	O
will	O
shine	O
on	O
us	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
bring	O
light	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
live	O
in	O
darkness	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
fear	O
of	O
death	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
guide	O
us	O
into	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
brings	O
peace	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
so	O
the	O
little	O
boy	O
John	O
grew	O
up	O
and	O
became	O
stronger	O
in	O
spirit	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
lived	O
in	O
areas	O
away	O
from	O
other	O
people	O
until	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
he	O
came	O
out	O
to	O
tell	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
about	O
that	O
same	O
time	O
that	O
Augustus	O
Caesar	O
sent	O
out	O
an	O
order	O
to	O
all	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
countries	O
that	O
were	O
under	O
Roman	O
rule	O
.	O


The	O
order	O
said	O
that	O
everyone	O
's	O
name	O
must	O
be	O
put	O
on	O
a	O
list	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
counting	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
while	O
Quirinius	O
was	O
governor	O
of	O
Syria	O
.	O


Everyone	O
traveled	O
to	O
their	O
own	O
hometowns	O
to	O
have	O
their	O
name	O
put	O
on	O
the	O
list	O
.	O


So	O
Joseph	O
left	O
Nazareth	O
,	O
a	O
town	O
in	O
Galilee	O
,	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Bethlehem	O
in	O
Judea	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
David	O
.	O


Joseph	O
went	O
there	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
from	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
David	O
.	O


Joseph	O
registered	O
with	O
Mary	O
because	O
she	O
was	O
engaged	O
to	O
marry	O
him	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
She	O
was	O
now	O
pregnant	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


While	O
Joseph	O
and	O
Mary	O
were	O
in	O
Bethlehem	O
,	O
the	O
time	O
came	O
for	O
her	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
baby	O
.	O


She	O
gave	O
birth	O
to	O
her	O
first	O
son	O
.	O


She	O
wrapped	O
him	O
up	O
well	O
and	O
laid	O
him	O
in	O
a	O
box	O
where	O
cattle	O
are	O
fed	O
.	O


She	O
put	O
him	O
there	O
because	O
the	O
guest	O
room	O
was	O
full	O
.	O


That	O
night	O
,	O
some	O
shepherds	O
were	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
fields	O
near	O
Bethlehem	O
watching	O
their	O
sheep	O
.	O


An	O
angel	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
appeared	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
glory	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
was	O
shining	O
around	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
shepherds	O
were	O
very	O
afraid	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
some	O
very	O
good	O
news	O
for	O
you	O
--	O
news	O
that	O
will	O
make	O
everyone	O
happy	O
.	O


Today	O
your	O
Savior	O
was	O
born	O
in	O
David	O
's	O
town	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
Christ	O
,	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
how	O
you	O
will	O
know	O
him	O
:	O
You	O
will	O
find	O
a	O
baby	O
wrapped	O
in	O
pieces	O
of	O
cloth	O
and	O
lying	O
in	O
a	O
feeding	O
box	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
a	O
huge	O
army	O
of	O
angels	O
from	O
heaven	O
joined	O
the	O
first	O
angel	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
all	O
praising	O
God	O
,	O
saying	O
,	O
``	O


Praise	O
God	O
in	O
heaven	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
earth	O
let	O
there	O
be	O
peace	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
please	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
angels	O
left	O
the	O
shepherds	O
and	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
heaven	O
.	O


The	O
shepherds	O
said	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
Let	O
's	O
go	O
to	O
Bethlehem	O
and	O
see	O
this	O
great	O
event	O
the	O
Lord	O
has	O
told	O
us	O
about	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
they	O
went	O
running	O
and	O
found	O
Mary	O
and	O
Joseph	O
.	O


And	O
there	O
was	O
the	O
baby	O
,	O
lying	O
in	O
the	O
feeding	O
box	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
saw	O
the	O
baby	O
,	O
they	O
told	O
what	O
the	O
angels	O
said	O
about	O
this	O
child	O
.	O


Everyone	O
was	O
surprised	O
when	O
they	O
heard	O
what	O
the	O
shepherds	O
told	O
them	O
.	O


Mary	O
continued	O
to	O
think	O
about	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
understand	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
shepherds	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
their	O
sheep	O
,	O
praising	O
God	O
and	O
thanking	O
him	O
for	O
everything	O
they	O
had	O
seen	O
and	O
heard	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
angel	O
had	O
told	O
them	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
baby	O
was	O
eight	O
days	O
old	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
circumcised	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
named	O
Jesus	O
.	O


This	O
name	O
was	O
given	O
by	O
the	O
angel	O
before	O
the	O
baby	O
began	O
to	O
grow	O
inside	O
Mary	O
.	O


The	O
time	O
came	O
for	O
Mary	O
and	O
Joseph	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
things	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
taught	O
about	O
being	O
made	O
pure	O
.	O


They	O
brought	O
Jesus	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
present	O
him	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
law	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
:	O
``	O
When	O
a	O
mother	O
's	O
first	O
baby	O
is	O
a	O
boy	O
,	O
he	O
shall	O
be	O
called	O
'	O
special	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


The	O
law	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
also	O
says	O
that	O
people	O
must	O
give	O
a	O
sacrifice	O
:	O
``	O
You	O
must	O
sacrifice	O
two	O
doves	O
or	O
two	O
young	O
pigeons	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Joseph	O
and	O
Mary	O
went	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


A	O
man	O
named	O
Simeon	O
lived	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
man	O
who	O
was	O
devoted	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
God	O
would	O
come	O
to	O
help	O
Israel	O
.	O


The	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
was	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
told	O
him	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
die	O
before	O
he	O
saw	O
the	O
Christ	O
from	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
led	O
Simeon	O
to	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
was	O
there	O
when	O
Mary	O
and	O
Joseph	O
brought	O
the	O
baby	O
Jesus	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
the	O
Jewish	O
law	O
said	O
they	O
must	O
do	O
.	O


Simeon	O
took	O
the	O
baby	O
in	O
his	O
arms	O
and	O
thanked	O
God	O
:	O
``	O
Now	O
,	O
Lord	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
let	O
me	O
,	O
your	O
servant	O
,	O
die	O
in	O
peace	O
as	O
you	O
said	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
seen	O
with	O
my	O
own	O
eyes	O
how	O
you	O
will	O
save	O
your	O
people	O
.	O


Now	O
all	O
people	O
can	O
see	O
your	O
plan	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
a	O
light	O
to	O
show	O
your	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
nations	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
will	O
bring	O
honor	O
to	O
your	O
people	O
Israel	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
'	O
father	O
and	O
mother	O
were	O
amazed	O
at	O
what	O
Simeon	O
said	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
Simeon	O
blessed	O
them	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
Mary	O
,	O
``	O
Many	O
Jews	O
will	O
fall	O
and	O
many	O
will	O
rise	O
because	O
of	O
this	O
boy	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
sign	O
from	O
God	O
that	O
some	O
will	O
not	O
accept	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
secret	O
thoughts	O
of	O
many	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
known	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
happen	O
will	O
be	O
painful	O
for	O
you	O
--	O
like	O
a	O
sword	O
cutting	O
through	O
your	O
heart	O
.	O
''	O


Anna	O
,	O
a	O
prophetess	O
,	O
was	O
there	O
at	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
from	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Phanuel	O
in	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Asher	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
now	O
very	O
old	O
.	O


She	O
had	O
lived	O
with	O
her	O
husband	O
seven	O
years	O
before	O
he	O
died	O
and	O
left	O
her	O
alone	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
now	O
84	O
years	O
old	O
.	O


Anna	O
was	O
always	O
at	O
the	O
Temple	O
;	O
she	O
never	O
left	O
.	O


She	O
worshiped	O
God	O
by	O
fasting	O
and	O
praying	O
day	O
and	O
night	O
.	O


Anna	O
was	O
there	O
when	O
Joseph	O
and	O
Mary	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


She	O
praised	O
God	O
and	O
talked	O
about	O
Jesus	O
to	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
waiting	O
for	O
God	O
to	O
free	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


Joseph	O
and	O
Mary	O
finished	O
doing	O
all	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
the	O
law	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
commanded	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
went	O
home	O
to	O
Nazareth	O
,	O
their	O
own	O
town	O
in	O
Galilee	O
.	O


The	O
little	O
boy	O
Jesus	O
was	O
developing	O
into	O
a	O
mature	O
young	O
man	O
,	O
full	O
of	O
wisdom	O
.	O


God	O
was	O
blessing	O
him	O
.	O


Every	O
year	O
Jesus	O
'	O
parents	O
went	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
for	O
the	O
Passover	O
festival	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
was	O
twelve	O
years	O
old	O
,	O
they	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
festival	O
as	O
usual	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
festival	O
was	O
over	O
,	O
they	O
went	O
home	O
,	O
but	O
Jesus	O
stayed	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


His	O
parents	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


They	O
traveled	O
for	O
a	O
whole	O
day	O
thinking	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
with	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
.	O


They	O
began	O
looking	O
for	O
him	O
among	O
their	O
family	O
and	O
close	O
friends	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
find	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
him	O
there	O
.	O


After	O
three	O
days	O
they	O
found	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
sitting	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
with	O
the	O
religious	O
teachers	O
,	O
listening	O
and	O
asking	O
them	O
questions	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
heard	O
him	O
was	O
amazed	O
at	O
his	O
understanding	O
and	O
wise	O
answers	O
.	O


When	O
his	O
parents	O
saw	O
him	O
,	O
they	O
wondered	O
how	O
this	O
was	O
possible	O
.	O


And	O
his	O
mother	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Son	O
,	O
why	O
did	O
you	O
do	O
this	O
to	O
us	O
?	O


Your	O
father	O
and	O
I	O
were	O
very	O
worried	O
about	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
been	O
looking	O
for	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
did	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
me	O
?	O


You	O
should	O
have	O
known	O
that	O
I	O
must	O
be	O
where	O
my	O
Father	O
's	O
work	O
is	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
understand	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Jesus	O
went	O
with	O
them	O
to	O
Nazareth	O
and	O
obeyed	O
them	O
.	O


His	O
mother	O
was	O
still	O
thinking	O
about	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


As	O
Jesus	O
grew	O
taller	O
,	O
he	O
continued	O
to	O
grow	O
in	O
wisdom	O
.	O


God	O
was	O
pleased	O
with	O
him	O
and	O
so	O
were	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
knew	O
him	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
15th	O
year	O
of	O
the	O
rule	O
of	O
Tiberius	O
Caesar	O
.	O


These	O
men	O
were	O
under	O
Caesar	O
:	O
Pontius	O
Pilate	O
,	O
the	O
governor	O
of	O
Judea	O
;	O
Herod	O
,	O
the	O
ruler	O
of	O
Galilee	O
;	O
Philip	O
,	O
Herod	O
's	O
brother	O
,	O
the	O
ruler	O
of	O
Iturea	O
and	O
Trachonitis	O
;	O
Lysanias	O
,	O
the	O
ruler	O
of	O
Abilene	O
.	O


Annas	O
and	O
Caiaphas	O
were	O
the	O
high	O
priests	O
.	O


During	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
John	O
,	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Zechariah	O
,	O
was	O
living	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
received	O
a	O
message	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
went	O
through	O
the	O
whole	O
area	O
around	O
the	O
Jordan	O
River	O
and	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
baptized	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
change	O
their	O
lives	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
their	O
sins	O
would	O
be	O
forgiven	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
words	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
book	O
of	O
Isaiah	O
the	O
prophet	O
:	O
``	O
There	O
is	O
someone	O
shouting	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
:	O
'	O
Prepare	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Make	O
the	O
road	O
straight	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


Every	O
valley	O
will	O
be	O
filled	O
,	O
and	O
every	O
mountain	O
and	O
hill	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
flat	O
.	O


Crooked	O
roads	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
straight	O
,	O
and	O
rough	O
roads	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
smooth	O
.	O


Then	O
everyone	O
will	O
see	O
how	O
God	O
will	O
save	O
his	O
people	O
!	O
'	O
''	O


Crowds	O
of	O
people	O
came	O
to	O
be	O
baptized	O
by	O
John	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
all	O
snakes	O
!	O


Who	O
warned	O
you	O
to	O
run	O
from	O
God	O
's	O
judgment	O
that	O
is	O
coming	O
?	O


Change	O
your	O
hearts	O
!	O


And	O
show	O
by	O
your	O
lives	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
changed	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
about	O
to	O
say	O
--	O
``	O
but	O
Abraham	O
is	O
our	O
father	O
!	O
'	O


That	O
means	O
nothing	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
God	O
can	O
make	O
children	O
for	O
Abraham	O
from	O
these	O
rocks	O
!	O


The	O
ax	O
is	O
now	O
ready	O
to	O
cut	O
down	O
the	O
trees	O
.	O


Every	O
tree	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
produce	O
good	O
fruit	O
will	O
be	O
cut	O
down	O
and	O
thrown	O
into	O
the	O
fire	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
asked	O
John	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
should	O
we	O
do	O
?	O
''	O


He	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
have	O
two	O
shirts	O
,	O
share	O
with	O
someone	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
one	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
have	O
food	O
,	O
share	O
that	O
too	O
.	O
''	O


Even	O
the	O
tax	O
collectors	O
came	O
to	O
John	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
be	O
baptized	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
what	O
should	O
we	O
do	O
?	O
''	O


He	O
told	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
take	O
more	O
taxes	O
from	O
people	O
than	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
ordered	O
to	O
collect	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
soldiers	O
asked	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
about	O
us	O
?	O


What	O
should	O
we	O
do	O
?	O
''	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
use	O
force	O
or	O
lies	O
to	O
make	O
people	O
give	O
you	O
money	O
.	O


Be	O
happy	O
with	O
the	O
pay	O
you	O
get	O
.	O
''	O


Everyone	O
was	O
hoping	O
for	O
the	O
Christ	O
to	O
come	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
wondered	O
about	O
John	O
.	O


They	O
thought	O
,	O
``	O
Maybe	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O
''	O


John	O
's	O
answer	O
to	O
this	O
was	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
baptize	O
you	O
in	O
water	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
someone	O
coming	O
later	O
who	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
more	O
than	O
I	O
can	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
good	O
enough	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
slave	O
who	O
unties	O
his	O
sandals	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
baptize	O
you	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
and	O
with	O
fire	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
come	O
ready	O
to	O
clean	O
the	O
grain	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
separate	O
the	O
good	O
grain	O
from	O
the	O
straw	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
put	O
the	O
good	O
part	O
into	O
his	O
barn	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
will	O
burn	O
the	O
useless	O
part	O
with	O
a	O
fire	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
stopped	O
.	O
''	O


John	O
said	O
many	O
other	O
things	O
like	O
this	O
to	O
encourage	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
change	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
told	O
them	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


John	O
criticized	O
Herod	O
the	O
ruler	O
for	O
what	O
he	O
had	O
done	O
with	O
Herodias	O
,	O
the	O
wife	O
of	O
Herod	O
's	O
brother	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
bad	O
things	O
he	O
had	O
done	O
.	O


So	O
Herod	O
added	O
another	O
bad	O
thing	O
to	O
all	O
his	O
other	O
wrongs	O
:	O
He	O
put	O
John	O
in	O
jail	O
.	O


When	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
being	O
baptized	O
,	O
Jesus	O
came	O
and	O
was	O
baptized	O
too	O
.	O


And	O
while	O
he	O
was	O
praying	O
,	O
the	O
sky	O
opened	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
came	O
down	O
on	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
looked	O
like	O
a	O
real	O
dove	O
.	O


Then	O
a	O
voice	O
came	O
from	O
heaven	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
my	O
Son	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
I	O
love	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
very	O
pleased	O
with	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
began	O
to	O
teach	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
about	O
30	O
years	O
old	O
.	O


People	O
thought	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
Joseph	O
's	O
son	O
.	O


Joseph	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Eli	O
.	O


Eli	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Matthat	O
.	O


Matthat	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Levi	O
.	O


Levi	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Melchi	O
.	O


Melchi	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Jannai	O
.	O


Jannai	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Joseph	O
.	O


Joseph	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Mattathias	O
.	O


Mattathias	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Amos	O
.	O


Amos	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Nahum	O
.	O


Nahum	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Esli	O
.	O


Esli	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Naggai	O
.	O


Naggai	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Maath	O
.	O


Maath	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Mattathias	O
.	O


Mattathias	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Semein	O
.	O


Semein	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Josech	O
.	O


Josech	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Joda	O
.	O


Joda	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Joanan	O
.	O


Joanan	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Rhesa	O
.	O


Rhesa	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Zerubbabel	O
.	O


Zerubbabel	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Shealtiel	O
.	O


Shealtiel	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Neri	O
.	O


Neri	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Melchi	O
.	O


Melchi	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Addi	O
.	O


Addi	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Cosam	O
.	O


Cosam	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Elmadam	O
.	O


Elmadam	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Er	O
.	O


Er	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Joshua	O
.	O


Joshua	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Eliezer	O
.	O


Eliezer	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Jorim	O
.	O


Jorim	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Matthat	O
.	O


Matthat	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Levi	O
.	O


Levi	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Simeon	O
.	O


Simeon	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Judah	O
.	O


Judah	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Joseph	O
.	O


Joseph	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Jonam	O
.	O


Jonam	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Eliakim	O
.	O


Eliakim	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Melea	O
.	O


Melea	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Menna	O
.	O


Menna	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Mattatha	O
.	O


Mattatha	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Nathan	O
.	O


Nathan	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
David	O
.	O


David	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Jesse	O
.	O


Jesse	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Obed	O
.	O


Obed	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Boaz	O
.	O


Boaz	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Salmon	O
.	O


Salmon	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Nahshon	O
.	O


Nahshon	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Amminadab	O
.	O


Amminadab	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Admin	O
.	O


Admin	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Arni	O
.	O


Arni	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Hezron	O
.	O


Hezron	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Perez	O
.	O


Perez	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Judah	O
.	O


Judah	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Jacob	O
.	O


Jacob	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Isaac	O
.	O


Isaac	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Abraham	O
.	O


Abraham	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Terah	O
.	O


Terah	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Nahor	O
.	O


Nahor	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Serug	O
.	O


Serug	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Reu	O
.	O


Reu	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Peleg	O
.	O


Peleg	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Eber	O
.	O


Eber	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Shelah	O
.	O


Shelah	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Cainan	O
.	O


Cainan	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Arphaxad	O
.	O


Arphaxad	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Shem	O
.	O


Shem	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Noah	O
.	O


Noah	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Lamech	O
.	O


Lamech	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Methuselah	O
.	O


Methuselah	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Enoch	O
.	O


Enoch	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Jared	O
.	O


Jared	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Mahalaleel	O
.	O


Mahalaleel	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Cainan	O
.	O


Cainan	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Enos	O
.	O


Enos	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Seth	O
.	O


Seth	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Adam	O
.	O


Adam	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


Now	O
filled	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
Jesus	O
returned	O
from	O
the	O
Jordan	O
River	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
the	O
Spirit	O
led	O
him	O
into	O
the	O
desert	O
.	O


There	O
the	O
devil	O
tempted	O
Jesus	O
for	O
40	O
days	O
.	O


Jesus	O
ate	O
nothing	O
during	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
finished	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
very	O
hungry	O
.	O


The	O
devil	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
tell	O
this	O
rock	O
to	O
become	O
bread	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
It	O
is	O
not	O
just	O
bread	O
that	O
keeps	O
people	O
alive	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
devil	O
took	O
Jesus	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
moment	O
of	O
time	O
showed	O
him	O
all	O
the	O
kingdoms	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
devil	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
make	O
you	O
king	O
over	O
all	O
these	O
places	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
have	O
power	O
over	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
get	O
all	O
the	O
glory	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
all	O
been	O
given	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
give	O
it	O
to	O
anyone	O
I	O
want	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
give	O
it	O
all	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
will	O
only	O
worship	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
must	O
worship	O
the	O
Lord	O
your	O
God	O
.	O


Serve	O
only	O
him	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
devil	O
led	O
Jesus	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
and	O
put	O
him	O
on	O
a	O
high	O
place	O
at	O
the	O
edge	O
of	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
jump	O
off	O
!	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
God	O
will	O
command	O
his	O
angels	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
you	O
.	O
'	O


It	O
is	O
also	O
written	O
,	O
'	O
Their	O
hands	O
will	O
catch	O
you	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
hit	O
your	O
foot	O
on	O
a	O
rock	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
also	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
must	O
not	O
test	O
the	O
Lord	O
your	O
God	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


The	O
devil	O
finished	O
tempting	O
Jesus	O
in	O
every	O
way	O
and	O
went	O
away	O
to	O
wait	O
until	O
a	O
better	O
time	O
.	O


Jesus	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
Galilee	O
with	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


Stories	O
about	O
him	O
spread	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
area	O
around	O
Galilee	O
.	O


He	O
began	O
to	O
teach	O
in	O
the	O
synagogues	O
,	O
and	O
everyone	O
praised	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
traveled	O
to	O
Nazareth	O
,	O
the	O
town	O
where	O
he	O
grew	O
up	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
synagogue	O
as	O
he	O
always	O
did	O
.	O


He	O
stood	O
up	O
to	O
read	O
.	O


The	O
book	O
of	O
Isaiah	O
the	O
prophet	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
opened	O
the	O
book	O
and	O
found	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
this	O
is	O
written	O
:	O
``	O
The	O
Spirit	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
is	O
on	O
me	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
chosen	O
me	O
to	O
tell	O
good	O
news	O
to	O
the	O
poor	O
.	O


He	O
sent	O
me	O
to	O
tell	O
prisoners	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
free	O
and	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
blind	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
see	O
again	O
.	O


He	O
sent	O
me	O
to	O
free	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
treated	O
badly	O
and	O
to	O
announce	O
that	O
the	O
time	O
has	O
come	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
to	O
show	O
his	O
kindness	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
closed	O
the	O
book	O
,	O
gave	O
it	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
helper	O
,	O
and	O
sat	O
down	O
.	O


As	O
everyone	O
in	O
the	O
synagogue	O
watched	O
him	O
closely	O
,	O
he	O
began	O
to	O
speak	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
While	O
you	O
heard	O
me	O
reading	O
these	O
words	O
just	O
now	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
coming	O
true	O
!	O
''	O


Everyone	O
there	O
said	O
good	O
things	O
about	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
amazed	O
to	O
hear	O
him	O
speak	O
such	O
wonderful	O
words	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
is	O
this	O
possible	O
?	O


Is	O
n't	O
he	O
Joseph	O
's	O
son	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
know	O
you	O
will	O
tell	O
me	O
the	O
old	O
saying	O
:	O
'	O
Doctor	O
,	O
heal	O
yourself	O
.	O
'	O


You	O
want	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
We	O
heard	O
about	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
did	O
in	O
Capernaum	O
.	O


Do	O
those	O
same	O
things	O
here	O
in	O
your	O
own	O
hometown	O
!	O
'	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
a	O
prophet	O
is	O
not	O
accepted	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
hometown	O
.	O


``	O
During	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Elijah	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
rain	O
in	O
Israel	O
for	O
three	O
and	O
a	O
half	O
years	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
no	O
food	O
anywhere	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
country	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
many	O
widows	O
in	O
Israel	O
during	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
fact	O
is	O
,	O
Elijah	O
was	O
sent	O
to	O
none	O
of	O
those	O
widows	O
in	O
Israel	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
sent	O
only	O
to	O
a	O
widow	O
in	O
Zarephath	O
,	O
a	O
town	O
in	O
Sidon	O
.	O


``	O
And	O
there	O
were	O
many	O
people	O
with	O
leprosy	O
living	O
in	O
Israel	O
during	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
prophet	O
Elisha	O
.	O


But	O
none	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
healed	O
;	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
was	O
Naaman	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
was	O
from	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
Syria	O
,	O
not	O
Israel	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
synagogue	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
very	O
angry	O
.	O


They	O
got	O
up	O
and	O
forced	O
Jesus	O
to	O
go	O
out	O
of	O
town	O
.	O


Their	O
town	O
was	O
built	O
on	O
a	O
hill	O
.	O


They	O
took	O
Jesus	O
to	O
the	O
edge	O
of	O
the	O
hill	O
to	O
throw	O
him	O
off	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
walked	O
through	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
crowd	O
and	O
went	O
away	O
.	O


Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
Capernaum	O
,	O
a	O
city	O
in	O
Galilee	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
he	O
taught	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
amazed	O
at	O
his	O
teaching	O
because	O
he	O
spoke	O
with	O
authority	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
synagogue	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
had	O
an	O
evil	O
spirit	O
from	O
the	O
devil	O
inside	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
shouted	O
loudly	O
,	O
``	O
Jesus	O
of	O
Nazareth	O
!	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
with	O
us	O
?	O


Did	O
you	O
come	O
here	O
to	O
destroy	O
us	O
?	O


I	O
know	O
who	O
you	O
are	O
--	O
God	O
's	O
Holy	O
One	O
!	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
warned	O
the	O
evil	O
spirit	O
to	O
stop	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
quiet	O
!	O


Come	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
man	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
evil	O
spirit	O
threw	O
the	O
man	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
everyone	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
evil	O
spirit	O
left	O
the	O
man	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
hurt	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
were	O
amazed	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
does	O
this	O
mean	O
?	O


With	O
authority	O
and	O
power	O
he	O
commands	O
evil	O
spirits	O
and	O
they	O
come	O
out	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
so	O
the	O
news	O
about	O
Jesus	O
spread	O
to	O
every	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
area	O
.	O


Jesus	O
left	O
the	O
synagogue	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
Simon	O
's	O
house	O
.	O


Simon	O
's	O
mother	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
was	O
very	O
sick	O
.	O


She	O
had	O
a	O
high	O
fever	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
to	O
help	O
her	O
.	O


He	O
stood	O
very	O
close	O
to	O
her	O
and	O
ordered	O
the	O
sickness	O
to	O
go	O
away	O
.	O


The	O
sickness	O
left	O
her	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
got	O
up	O
and	O
began	O
serving	O
them	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
sun	O
went	O
down	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
brought	O
their	O
sick	O
friends	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
many	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
sicknesses	O
.	O


Jesus	O
laid	O
his	O
hands	O
on	O
each	O
sick	O
person	O
and	O
healed	O
them	O
all	O
.	O


Demons	O
came	O
out	O
of	O
many	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
demons	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
gave	O
a	O
strong	O
command	O
for	O
the	O
demons	O
not	O
to	O
speak	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
knew	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
to	O
be	O
alone	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
looked	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
found	O
him	O
,	O
they	O
tried	O
to	O
stop	O
him	O
from	O
leaving	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
must	O
tell	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
to	O
other	O
towns	O
too	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
was	O
sent	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
told	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
in	O
the	O
synagogues	O
in	O
Judea	O
.	O


As	O
Jesus	O
stood	O
beside	O
Lake	O
Galilee	O
,	O
a	O
crowd	O
of	O
people	O
pushed	O
to	O
get	O
closer	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
to	O
hear	O
the	O
teachings	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


Jesus	O
saw	O
two	O
boats	O
at	O
the	O
shore	O
of	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


The	O
fishermen	O
were	O
washing	O
their	O
nets	O
.	O


Jesus	O
got	O
into	O
the	O
boat	O
that	O
belonged	O
to	O
Simon	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
Simon	O
to	O
push	O
off	O
a	O
little	O
from	O
the	O
shore	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
sat	O
down	O
in	O
the	O
boat	O
and	O
taught	O
the	O
people	O
on	O
the	O
shore	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
finished	O
speaking	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
Simon	O
,	O
``	O


Take	O
the	O
boat	O
into	O
the	O
deep	O
water	O
.	O


If	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
will	O
put	O
your	O
nets	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
catch	O
some	O
fish	O
.	O
''	O


Simon	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Master	O
,	O
we	O
worked	O
hard	O
all	O
night	O
trying	O
to	O
catch	O
fish	O
and	O
caught	O
nothing	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
say	O
I	O
should	O
put	O
the	O
nets	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
will	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
fishermen	O
put	O
their	O
nets	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


Their	O
nets	O
were	O
filled	O
with	O
so	O
many	O
fish	O
that	O
they	O
began	O
to	O
break	O
.	O


They	O
called	O
to	O
their	O
friends	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
boat	O
to	O
come	O
and	O
help	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
friends	O
came	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
boats	O
were	O
filled	O
so	O
full	O
of	O
fish	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
almost	O
sinking	O
.	O


The	O
fishermen	O
were	O
all	O
amazed	O
at	O
the	O
many	O
fish	O
they	O
caught	O
.	O


When	O
Simon	O
Peter	O
saw	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
bowed	O
down	O
before	O
Jesus	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O


Go	O
away	O
from	O
me	O
,	O
Lord	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
a	O
sinful	O
man	O
!	O
''	O


James	O
and	O
John	O
,	O
the	O
sons	O
of	O
Zebedee	O
,	O
were	O
amazed	O
too	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
James	O
and	O
John	O
worked	O
together	O
with	O
Simon	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
Simon	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


From	O
now	O
on	O
your	O
work	O
will	O
be	O
to	O
bring	O
in	O
people	O
,	O
not	O
fish	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
men	O
brought	O
their	O
boats	O
to	O
the	O
shore	O
.	O


They	O
left	O
everything	O
and	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
.	O


One	O
time	O
Jesus	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
town	O
where	O
a	O
very	O
sick	O
man	O
lived	O
.	O


This	O
man	O
was	O
covered	O
with	O
leprosy	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
man	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
,	O
he	O
bowed	O
before	O
Jesus	O
and	O
begged	O
him	O
,	O
``	O


Lord	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
heal	O
me	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
heal	O
you	O
.	O


Be	O
healed	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
touched	O
the	O
man	O
,	O
and	O
immediately	O
the	O
leprosy	O
disappeared	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
tell	O
anyone	O
about	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


But	O
go	O
and	O
let	O
the	O
priest	O
look	O
at	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
offer	O
a	O
gift	O
to	O
God	O
for	O
your	O
healing	O
as	O
Moses	O
commanded	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
show	O
people	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
healed	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
news	O
about	O
Jesus	O
spread	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
came	O
to	O
hear	O
him	O
and	O
to	O
be	O
healed	O
of	O
their	O
sicknesses	O
.	O


Jesus	O
often	O
went	O
away	O
to	O
other	O
places	O
to	O
be	O
alone	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
pray	O
.	O


One	O
day	O
Jesus	O
was	O
teaching	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
were	O
sitting	O
there	O
too	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
come	O
from	O
every	O
town	O
in	O
Galilee	O
and	O
Judea	O
and	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
was	O
giving	O
Jesus	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
heal	O
people	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
was	O
paralyzed	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
other	O
men	O
were	O
carrying	O
him	O
on	O
a	O
mat	O
.	O


They	O
tried	O
to	O
bring	O
him	O
and	O
put	O
him	O
down	O
before	O
Jesus	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
were	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
went	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
roof	O
and	O
lowered	O
the	O
crippled	O
man	O
down	O
through	O
a	O
hole	O
in	O
the	O
ceiling	O
.	O


They	O
lowered	O
the	O
mat	O
into	O
the	O
room	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
crippled	O
man	O
was	O
lying	O
before	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Jesus	O
saw	O
how	O
much	O
faith	O
they	O
had	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
sick	O
man	O
,	O
``	O
Friend	O
,	O
your	O
sins	O
are	O
forgiven	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Jewish	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
thought	O
to	O
themselves	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
is	O
this	O
man	O
who	O
dares	O
to	O
say	O
such	O
things	O
?	O


What	O
an	O
insult	O
to	O
God	O
!	O


No	O
one	O
but	O
God	O
can	O
forgive	O
sins	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
knew	O
what	O
they	O
were	O
thinking	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
do	O
you	O
have	O
these	O
questions	O
in	O
your	O
minds	O
?	O


The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
has	O
power	O
on	O
earth	O
to	O
forgive	O
sins	O
.	O


But	O
how	O
can	O
I	O
prove	O
this	O
to	O
you	O
?	O


Maybe	O
you	O
are	O
thinking	O
it	O
was	O
easy	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Your	O
sins	O
are	O
forgiven	O
.	O
'	O


There	O
's	O
no	O
proof	O
that	O
it	O
really	O
happened	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
if	O
I	O
say	O
to	O
the	O
man	O
,	O
'	O
Stand	O
up	O
and	O
walk	O
'	O
?	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
that	O
I	O
really	O
have	O
this	O
power	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
paralyzed	O
man	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
stand	O
up	O
!	O


Take	O
your	O
mat	O
and	O
go	O
home	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
man	O
immediately	O
stood	O
up	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
everyone	O
.	O


He	O
picked	O
up	O
his	O
mat	O
and	O
walked	O
home	O
,	O
praising	O
God	O
.	O


Everyone	O
was	O
completely	O
amazed	O
and	O
began	O
to	O
praise	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
filled	O
with	O
great	O
respect	O
for	O
God	O
's	O
power	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Today	O
we	O
saw	O
amazing	O
things	O
!	O
''	O


After	O
this	O
Jesus	O
went	O
out	O
and	O
saw	O
a	O
tax	O
collector	O
sitting	O
at	O
his	O
place	O
for	O
collecting	O
taxes	O
.	O


His	O
name	O
was	O
Levi	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Follow	O
me	O
!	O
''	O


Levi	O
got	O
up	O
,	O
left	O
everything	O
,	O
and	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Then	O
Levi	O
gave	O
a	O
big	O
dinner	O
at	O
his	O
house	O
for	O
Jesus	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
table	O
there	O
were	O
many	O
tax	O
collectors	O
and	O
some	O
other	O
people	O
too	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
taught	O
the	O
law	O
for	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
began	O
to	O
complain	O
to	O
the	O
followers	O
of	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
do	O
you	O
eat	O
and	O
drink	O
with	O
tax	O
collectors	O
and	O
other	O
sinners	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
the	O
sick	O
people	O
who	O
need	O
a	O
doctor	O
,	O
not	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
healthy	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
not	O
come	O
to	O
ask	O
good	O
people	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
ask	O
sinners	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
live	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
John	O
's	O
followers	O
often	O
fast	O
and	O
pray	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
followers	O
of	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
.	O


But	O
your	O
followers	O
eat	O
and	O
drink	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
At	O
a	O
wedding	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
ask	O
the	O
friends	O
of	O
the	O
bridegroom	O
to	O
be	O
sad	O
and	O
fast	O
while	O
he	O
is	O
still	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
time	O
will	O
come	O
when	O
the	O
groom	O
will	O
be	O
taken	O
away	O
from	O
them	O
.	O


Then	O
his	O
friends	O
will	O
fast	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
told	O
them	O
this	O
story	O
:	O
``	O
No	O
one	O
takes	O
cloth	O
off	O
a	O
new	O
coat	O
to	O
cover	O
a	O
hole	O
in	O
an	O
old	O
coat	O
.	O


That	O
would	O
ruin	O
the	O
new	O
coat	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
cloth	O
from	O
the	O
new	O
coat	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
old	O
cloth	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
ever	O
pours	O
new	O
wine	O
into	O
old	O
wineskins	O
.	O


The	O
new	O
wine	O
would	O
break	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
wine	O
would	O
spill	O
out	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
wineskins	O
would	O
be	O
ruined	O
.	O


You	O
always	O
put	O
new	O
wine	O
into	O
new	O
wineskins	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
who	O
drinks	O
old	O
wine	O
wants	O
new	O
wine	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
old	O
wine	O
is	O
just	O
fine	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


One	O
time	O
on	O
a	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
,	O
Jesus	O
was	O
walking	O
through	O
some	O
grain	O
fields	O
.	O


His	O
followers	O
picked	O
the	O
grain	O
,	O
rubbed	O
it	O
in	O
their	O
hands	O
,	O
and	O
ate	O
it	O
.	O


Some	O
Pharisees	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
doing	O
that	O
?	O


It	O
is	O
against	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
have	O
read	O
about	O
what	O
David	O
did	O
when	O
he	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
with	O
him	O
were	O
hungry	O
.	O


David	O
went	O
into	O
God	O
's	O
house	O
.	O


He	O
took	O
the	O
bread	O
that	O
was	O
offered	O
to	O
God	O
and	O
ate	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
gave	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
bread	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
against	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
,	O
which	O
says	O
that	O
only	O
the	O
priests	O
can	O
eat	O
that	O
bread	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
is	O
Lord	O
over	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O
''	O


On	O
another	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
Jesus	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
synagogue	O
and	O
taught	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


A	O
man	O
with	O
a	O
crippled	O
right	O
hand	O
was	O
there	O
.	O


The	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
were	O
watching	O
Jesus	O
closely	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
waiting	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
he	O
would	O
heal	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
do	O
something	O
wrong	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
accuse	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
knew	O
what	O
they	O
were	O
thinking	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
man	O
with	O
the	O
crippled	O
hand	O
,	O
``	O
Get	O
up	O
and	O
stand	O
here	O
where	O
everyone	O
can	O
see	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
man	O
got	O
up	O
and	O
stood	O
there	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
ask	O
you	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
to	O
do	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
:	O
to	O
do	O
good	O
or	O
to	O
do	O
evil	O
?	O


Is	O
it	O
right	O
to	O
save	O
a	O
life	O
or	O
to	O
destroy	O
one	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
looked	O
around	O
at	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
then	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
man	O
,	O
``	O
Hold	O
out	O
your	O
hand	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
man	O
held	O
out	O
his	O
hand	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
healed	O
.	O


The	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
got	O
so	O
mad	O
they	O
could	O
n't	O
think	O
straight	O
.	O


They	O
talked	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
about	O
what	O
they	O
could	O
do	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


A	O
few	O
days	O
later	O
,	O
Jesus	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
a	O
mountain	O
to	O
pray	O
.	O


He	O
stayed	O
there	O
all	O
night	O
praying	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
morning	O
he	O
called	O
his	O
followers	O
.	O


He	O
chose	O
twelve	O
of	O
them	O
and	O
called	O
them	O
apostles	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
he	O
chose	O
:	O
Simon	O
-LRB-	O
Jesus	O
named	O
him	O
Peter	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Andrew	O
,	O
brother	O
of	O
Peter	O
,	O
James	O
,	O
John	O
,	O
Philip	O
,	O
Bartholomew	O
,	O
Matthew	O
,	O
Thomas	O
,	O
James	O
,	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Alphaeus	O
,	O
Simon	O
,	O
called	O
the	O
Zealot	O
,	O
Judas	O
,	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
James	O
,	O
Judas	O
Iscariot	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
turned	O
against	O
Jesus	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Jesus	O
and	O
the	O
apostles	O
came	O
down	O
from	O
the	O
mountain	O
.	O


Jesus	O
stood	O
on	O
a	O
flat	O
place	O
.	O


A	O
large	O
crowd	O
of	O
his	O
followers	O
was	O
there	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
many	O
people	O
from	O
all	O
around	O
Judea	O
,	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
seacoast	O
cities	O
of	O
Tyre	O
and	O
Sidon	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
came	O
to	O
hear	O
Jesus	O
teach	O
and	O
to	O
be	O
healed	O
of	O
their	O
sicknesses	O
.	O


He	O
healed	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
troubled	O
by	O
evil	O
spirits	O
.	O


Everyone	O
was	O
trying	O
to	O
touch	O
him	O
,	O
because	O
power	O
was	O
coming	O
out	O
from	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
healed	O
them	O
all	O
.	O


Jesus	O
looked	O
at	O
his	O
followers	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
you	O
who	O
are	O
poor	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
belongs	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
you	O
who	O
are	O
hungry	O
now	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
filled	O
.	O


Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
you	O
who	O
are	O
crying	O
now	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
happy	O
and	O
laughing	O
.	O


``	O
People	O
will	O
hate	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
make	O
you	O
leave	O
their	O
group	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
insult	O
you	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
wrong	O
even	O
to	O
say	O
your	O
name	O
.	O


When	O
these	O
things	O
happen	O
,	O
know	O
that	O
great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
be	O
happy	O
then	O
and	O
jump	O
for	O
joy	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
great	O
reward	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


The	O
ancestors	O
of	O
those	O
people	O
did	O
the	O
same	O
things	O
to	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
how	O
bad	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
for	O
you	O
rich	O
people	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
had	O
your	O
easy	O
life	O
.	O


How	O
bad	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
for	O
you	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
full	O
now	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
hungry	O
.	O


How	O
bad	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
for	O
you	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
laughing	O
now	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
sad	O
and	O
cry	O
.	O


``	O
How	O
bad	O
it	O
is	O
when	O
everyone	O
says	O
nothing	O
but	O
good	O
about	O
you	O
.	O


Just	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
false	O
prophets	O
.	O


Their	O
ancestors	O
always	O
said	O
good	O
things	O
about	O
them	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
I	O
say	O
to	O
you	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
listening	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
love	O
your	O
enemies	O
.	O


Do	O
good	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
hate	O
you	O
.	O


Ask	O
God	O
to	O
bless	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
ask	O
for	O
bad	O
things	O
to	O
happen	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Pray	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
mean	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
someone	O
hits	O
you	O
on	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
your	O
face	O
,	O
let	O
them	O
hit	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
too	O
.	O


If	O
someone	O
takes	O
your	O
coat	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
stop	O
them	O
from	O
taking	O
your	O
shirt	O
too	O
.	O


Give	O
to	O
everyone	O
who	O
asks	O
you	O
for	O
something	O
.	O


When	O
someone	O
takes	O
something	O
that	O
is	O
yours	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
ask	O
for	O
it	O
back	O
.	O


Do	O
for	O
others	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
them	O
to	O
do	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
you	O
love	O
only	O
those	O
who	O
love	O
you	O
,	O
should	O
you	O
get	O
any	O
special	O
praise	O
for	O
doing	O
that	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
even	O
sinners	O
love	O
those	O
who	O
love	O
them	O
!	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
good	O
only	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
good	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
should	O
you	O
get	O
any	O
special	O
praise	O
for	O
doing	O
that	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
even	O
sinners	O
do	O
that	O
!	O


If	O
you	O
lend	O
things	O
to	O
people	O
,	O
always	O
expecting	O
to	O
get	O
something	O
back	O
,	O
should	O
you	O
get	O
any	O
special	O
praise	O
for	O
that	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
even	O
sinners	O
lend	O
to	O
other	O
sinners	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
get	O
back	O
the	O
same	O
amount	O
!	O


``	O
I	O
'm	O
telling	O
you	O
to	O
love	O
your	O
enemies	O
and	O
do	O
good	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Lend	O
to	O
people	O
without	O
expecting	O
to	O
get	O
anything	O
back	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
great	O
reward	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
children	O
of	O
the	O
Most	O
High	O
God	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
because	O
God	O
is	O
good	O
even	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
sin	O
and	O
not	O
thankful	O
.	O


Give	O
love	O
and	O
mercy	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
your	O
Father	O
gives	O
love	O
and	O
mercy	O
.	O


``	O
Do	O
n't	O
judge	O
others	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
will	O
not	O
judge	O
you	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
condemn	O
others	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
condemned	O
.	O


Forgive	O
others	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
forgiven	O
.	O


Give	O
to	O
others	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
receive	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
given	O
much	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
poured	O
into	O
your	O
hands	O
--	O
more	O
than	O
you	O
can	O
hold	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
given	O
so	O
much	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
spill	O
into	O
your	O
lap	O
.	O


The	O
way	O
you	O
give	O
to	O
others	O
is	O
the	O
way	O
God	O
will	O
give	O
to	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
told	O
them	O
this	O
story	O
:	O
``	O
Can	O
a	O
blind	O
man	O
lead	O
another	O
blind	O
man	O
?	O


No	O
.	O
Both	O
of	O
them	O
will	O
fall	O
into	O
a	O
ditch	O
.	O


Students	O
are	O
not	O
better	O
than	O
their	O
teacher	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
fully	O
taught	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
like	O
their	O
teacher	O
.	O


``	O
Why	O
do	O
you	O
notice	O
the	O
small	O
piece	O
of	O
dust	O
that	O
is	O
in	O
your	O
friend	O
's	O
eye	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
the	O
big	O
piece	O
of	O
wood	O
that	O
is	O
in	O
your	O
own	O
eye	O
?	O


You	O
say	O
to	O
your	O
friend	O
,	O
'	O
Let	O
me	O
get	O
that	O
little	O
piece	O
of	O
dust	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
eye	O
.	O
'	O


Why	O
do	O
you	O
say	O
this	O
?	O


Ca	O
n't	O
you	O
see	O
that	O
big	O
piece	O
of	O
wood	O
in	O
your	O
own	O
eye	O
?	O


You	O
are	O
a	O
hypocrite	O
.	O


First	O
,	O
take	O
the	O
wood	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
own	O
eye	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
clearly	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
dust	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
friend	O
's	O
eye	O
.	O


``	O
A	O
good	O
tree	O
does	O
not	O
produce	O
bad	O
fruit	O
.	O


And	O
a	O
bad	O
tree	O
does	O
not	O
produce	O
good	O
fruit	O
.	O


Every	O
tree	O
is	O
known	O
by	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
fruit	O
it	O
produces	O
.	O


You	O
wo	O
n't	O
find	O
figs	O
on	O
thorny	O
weeds	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
pick	O
grapes	O
from	O
thornbushes	O
!	O


Good	O
people	O
have	O
good	O
things	O
saved	O
in	O
their	O
hearts	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
they	O
say	O
good	O
things	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
evil	O
have	O
hearts	O
full	O
of	O
evil	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
they	O
say	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
evil	O
.	O


What	O
people	O
say	O
with	O
their	O
mouths	O
comes	O
from	O
what	O
fills	O
their	O
hearts	O
.	O


``	O
Why	O
do	O
you	O
call	O
me	O
,	O
'	O
Lord	O
,	O
Lord	O
,	O
'	O
but	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
what	O
I	O
say	O
?	O


The	O
people	O
who	O
come	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
who	O
listen	O
to	O
my	O
teachings	O
and	O
obey	O
them	O
--	O
I	O
will	O
show	O
you	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
like	O
:	O
They	O
are	O
like	O
a	O
man	O
building	O
a	O
house	O
.	O


He	O
digs	O
deep	O
and	O
builds	O
his	O
house	O
on	O
rock	O
.	O


The	O
floods	O
come	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
water	O
crashes	O
against	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
flood	O
can	O
not	O
move	O
the	O
house	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
built	O
well	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
my	O
words	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
obey	O
are	O
like	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
builds	O
a	O
house	O
without	O
preparing	O
a	O
foundation	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
floods	O
come	O
,	O
the	O
house	O
falls	O
down	O
easily	O
and	O
is	O
completely	O
destroyed	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
finished	O
saying	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
went	O
into	O
Capernaum	O
.	O


In	O
Capernaum	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
army	O
officer	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
a	O
servant	O
who	O
was	O
very	O
sick	O
;	O
he	O
was	O
near	O
death	O
.	O


The	O
officer	O
loved	O
the	O
servant	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
heard	O
about	O
Jesus	O
,	O
he	O
sent	O
some	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
the	O
men	O
to	O
ask	O
Jesus	O
to	O
come	O
and	O
save	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
his	O
servant	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
went	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
begged	O
Jesus	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
officer	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
officer	O
is	O
worthy	O
to	O
have	O
your	O
help	O
.	O


He	O
loves	O
our	O
people	O
and	O
he	O
built	O
the	O
synagogue	O
for	O
us	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Jesus	O
went	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
coming	O
near	O
the	O
officer	O
's	O
house	O
when	O
the	O
officer	O
sent	O
friends	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
special	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
good	O
enough	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
come	O
into	O
my	O
house	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
myself	O
.	O


You	O
need	O
only	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
order	O
,	O
and	O
my	O
servant	O
will	O
be	O
healed	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
this	O
because	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
man	O
under	O
the	O
authority	O
of	O
other	O
men	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
have	O
soldiers	O
under	O
my	O
authority	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
one	O
soldier	O
,	O
'	O
Go	O
,	O
'	O
and	O
he	O
goes	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
tell	O
another	O
soldier	O
,	O
'	O
Come	O
,	O
'	O
and	O
he	O
comes	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
say	O
to	O
my	O
servant	O
,	O
'	O
Do	O
this	O
,	O
'	O
and	O
my	O
servant	O
obeys	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
amazed	O
.	O


He	O
turned	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
following	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
faith	O
I	O
have	O
seen	O
anywhere	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
Israel	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
group	O
that	O
was	O
sent	O
to	O
Jesus	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


There	O
they	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
servant	O
was	O
healed	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
went	O
to	O
a	O
town	O
called	O
Nain	O
.	O


A	O
big	O
crowd	O
was	O
traveling	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
came	O
near	O
the	O
town	O
gate	O
,	O
he	O
saw	O
some	O
people	O
carrying	O
a	O
dead	O
body	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
son	O
of	O
a	O
woman	O
who	O
was	O
a	O
widow	O
.	O


Walking	O
with	O
her	O
were	O
many	O
other	O
people	O
from	O
the	O
town	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
Lord	O
saw	O
the	O
woman	O
,	O
he	O
felt	O
very	O
sorry	O
for	O
her	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
cry	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
walked	O
to	O
the	O
open	O
coffin	O
and	O
touched	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
who	O
were	O
carrying	O
the	O
coffin	O
stopped	O
.	O


Jesus	O
spoke	O
to	O
the	O
dead	O
son	O
:	O
``	O
Young	O
man	O
,	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
get	O
up	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
boy	O
sat	O
up	O
and	O
began	O
to	O
talk	O
,	O
and	O
Jesus	O
gave	O
him	O
back	O
to	O
his	O
mother	O
.	O


Everyone	O
was	O
filled	O
with	O
fear	O
.	O


They	O
began	O
praising	O
God	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
A	O
great	O
prophet	O
is	O
here	O
with	O
us	O
!	O
''	O


and	O
``	O
God	O
is	O
taking	O
care	O
of	O
his	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
news	O
about	O
Jesus	O
spread	O
all	O
over	O
Judea	O
and	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
places	O
around	O
there	O
.	O


John	O
's	O
followers	O
told	O
him	O
about	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


John	O
called	O
for	O
two	O
of	O
his	O
followers	O
.	O


He	O
sent	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
to	O
ask	O
,	O
``	O
Are	O
you	O
the	O
one	O
we	O
heard	O
was	O
coming	O
,	O
or	O
should	O
we	O
wait	O
for	O
someone	O
else	O
?	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
men	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
John	O
the	O
Baptizer	O
sent	O
us	O
to	O
you	O
with	O
this	O
question	O
:	O
'	O
Are	O
you	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
coming	O
,	O
or	O
should	O
we	O
wait	O
for	O
someone	O
else	O
?	O
'	O
''	O


Right	O
then	O
Jesus	O
healed	O
many	O
people	O
of	O
their	O
sicknesses	O
and	O
diseases	O
.	O


He	O
healed	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
evil	O
spirits	O
and	O
made	O
many	O
who	O
were	O
blind	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
again	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
John	O
's	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
tell	O
John	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
seen	O
and	O
heard	O
:	O
The	O
blind	O
can	O
see	O
.	O


The	O
crippled	O
can	O
walk	O
.	O


People	O
with	O
leprosy	O
are	O
healed	O
.	O


The	O
deaf	O
can	O
hear	O
.	O


The	O
dead	O
are	O
brought	O
back	O
to	O
life	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
is	O
being	O
told	O
to	O
the	O
poor	O
.	O


Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
problem	O
accepting	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
John	O
's	O
followers	O
left	O
,	O
Jesus	O
began	O
talking	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
about	O
John	O
:	O
``	O
What	O
did	O
you	O
people	O
go	O
out	O
into	O
the	O
desert	O
to	O
see	O
?	O


Someone	O
who	O
is	O
weak	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
stem	O
of	O
grass	O
blowing	O
in	O
the	O
wind	O
?	O


Really	O
,	O
what	O
did	O
you	O
expect	O
to	O
see	O
?	O


Someone	O
dressed	O
in	O
fine	O
clothes	O
?	O


Of	O
course	O
not	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
wear	O
fancy	O
clothes	O
and	O
live	O
in	O
luxury	O
are	O
all	O
in	O
kings	O
'	O
palaces	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
did	O
you	O
go	O
out	O
to	O
see	O
?	O


A	O
prophet	O
?	O


Yes	O
,	O
John	O
is	O
a	O
prophet	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
more	O
than	O
that	O
.	O


This	O
Scripture	O
was	O
written	O
about	O
him	O
:	O
'	O
Listen	O
!	O


I	O
will	O
send	O
my	O
messenger	O
ahead	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
prepare	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
you	O
.	O
'	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
ever	O
born	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
John	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
the	O
least	O
important	O
person	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
John	O
.	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
When	O
the	O
people	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
all	O
agreed	O
that	O
God	O
's	O
teaching	O
was	O
good	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
tax	O
collectors	O
agreed	O
.	O


These	O
were	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
baptized	O
by	O
John	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
experts	O
in	O
the	O
law	O
refused	O
to	O
accept	O
God	O
's	O
plan	O
for	O
themselves	O
;	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
let	O
John	O
baptize	O
them	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


``	O
What	O
shall	O
I	O
say	O
about	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
this	O
time	O
?	O


What	O
can	O
I	O
compare	O
them	O
to	O
?	O


What	O
are	O
they	O
like	O
?	O


They	O
are	O
like	O
children	O
sitting	O
in	O
the	O
marketplace	O
.	O


One	O
group	O
of	O
children	O
calls	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
children	O
and	O
says	O
,	O
'	O
We	O
played	O
flute	O
music	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
dance	O
;	O
we	O
sang	O
a	O
sad	O
song	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
cry	O
.	O
'	O


John	O
the	O
Baptizer	O
came	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
eat	O
the	O
usual	O
food	O
or	O
drink	O
wine	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
He	O
has	O
a	O
demon	O
inside	O
him	O
.	O
'	O


The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
came	O
eating	O
and	O
drinking	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Look	O
at	O
him	O
!	O


He	O
eats	O
too	O
much	O
and	O
drinks	O
too	O
much	O
wine	O
!	O


He	O
is	O
a	O
friend	O
of	O
tax	O
collectors	O
and	O
other	O
sinners	O
!	O
'	O


But	O
wisdom	O
is	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
right	O
by	O
those	O
who	O
accept	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
to	O
eat	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
Pharisee	O
's	O
house	O
and	O
took	O
a	O
place	O
at	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
sinful	O
woman	O
in	O
that	O
town	O
.	O


She	O
knew	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
eating	O
at	O
the	O
Pharisee	O
's	O
house	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
woman	O
brought	O
some	O
expensive	O
perfume	O
in	O
an	O
alabaster	O
jar	O
.	O


She	O
stood	O
at	O
Jesus	O
'	O
feet	O
,	O
crying	O
.	O


Then	O
she	O
began	O
to	O
wash	O
his	O
feet	O
with	O
her	O
tears	O
.	O


She	O
dried	O
his	O
feet	O
with	O
her	O
hair	O
.	O


She	O
kissed	O
his	O
feet	O
many	O
times	O
and	O
rubbed	O
them	O
with	O
the	O
perfume	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
Pharisee	O
who	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
his	O
house	O
saw	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
thought	O
to	O
himself	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
this	O
man	O
were	O
a	O
prophet	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
woman	O
who	O
is	O
touching	O
him	O
is	O
a	O
sinner	O
!	O
''	O


In	O
response	O
,	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
Pharisee	O
,	O
``	O
Simon	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
something	O
to	O
say	O
to	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Simon	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Let	O
me	O
hear	O
it	O
,	O
Teacher	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
There	O
were	O
two	O
men	O
.	O


Both	O
men	O
owed	O
money	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
banker	O
.	O


One	O
man	O
owed	O
him	O
500	O
silver	O
coins	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
man	O
owed	O
him	O
50	O
silver	O
coins	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
had	O
no	O
money	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
pay	O
their	O
debt	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
banker	O
told	O
the	O
men	O
that	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
pay	O
him	O
.	O


Which	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
two	O
men	O
will	O
love	O
him	O
more	O
?	O
''	O


Simon	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
owed	O
him	O
the	O
most	O
money	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
right	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
turned	O
to	O
the	O
woman	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
Simon	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
see	O
this	O
woman	O
?	O


When	O
I	O
came	O
into	O
your	O
house	O
,	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
no	O
water	O
for	O
my	O
feet	O
.	O


But	O
she	O
washed	O
my	O
feet	O
with	O
her	O
tears	O
and	O
dried	O
my	O
feet	O
with	O
her	O
hair	O
.	O


You	O
did	O
not	O
greet	O
me	O
with	O
a	O
kiss	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
has	O
been	O
kissing	O
my	O
feet	O
since	O
I	O
came	O
in	O
.	O


You	O
did	O
not	O
honor	O
me	O
with	O
oil	O
for	O
my	O
head	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
rubbed	O
my	O
feet	O
with	O
her	O
sweet	O
-	O
smelling	O
oil	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
her	O
many	O
sins	O
are	O
forgiven	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
clear	O
,	O
because	O
she	O
showed	O
great	O
love	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
are	O
forgiven	O
only	O
a	O
little	O
will	O
love	O
only	O
a	O
little	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
Your	O
sins	O
are	O
forgiven	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
sitting	O
at	O
the	O
table	O
began	O
to	O
think	O
to	O
themselves	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
does	O
this	O
man	O
think	O
he	O
is	O
?	O


How	O
can	O
he	O
forgive	O
sins	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
woman	O
,	O
``	O
Because	O
you	O
believed	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
saved	O
from	O
your	O
sins	O
.	O


Go	O
in	O
peace	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
,	O
Jesus	O
traveled	O
through	O
some	O
cities	O
and	O
small	O
towns	O
.	O


Jesus	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
a	O
message	O
from	O
God	O
,	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


The	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
were	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
also	O
some	O
women	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
had	O
healed	O
these	O
women	O
of	O
sicknesses	O
and	O
evil	O
spirits	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
them	O
was	O
Mary	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
called	O
Magdalene	O
.	O


Seven	O
demons	O
had	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
her	O
.	O


Also	O
with	O
these	O
women	O
were	O
Joanna	O
,	O
the	O
wife	O
of	O
Chuza	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
manager	O
of	O
Herod	O
's	O
property	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Suzanna	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
other	O
women	O
.	O


These	O
women	O
used	O
their	O
own	O
money	O
to	O
help	O
Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
apostles	O
.	O


A	O
large	O
crowd	O
came	O
together	O
.	O


People	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
from	O
every	O
town	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
told	O
them	O
this	O
story	O
:	O


``	O
A	O
farmer	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
sow	O
seed	O
.	O


While	O
he	O
was	O
scattering	O
the	O
seed	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
it	O
fell	O
beside	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


People	O
walked	O
on	O
the	O
seed	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
birds	O
ate	O
it	O
all	O
.	O


Other	O
seed	O
fell	O
on	O
rock	O
.	O


It	O
began	O
to	O
grow	O
but	O
then	O
died	O
because	O
it	O
had	O
no	O
water	O
.	O


Some	O
other	O
seed	O
fell	O
among	O
thorny	O
weeds	O
.	O


This	O
seed	O
grew	O
,	O
but	O
later	O
the	O
weeds	O
stopped	O
the	O
plants	O
from	O
growing	O
.	O


The	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
seed	O
fell	O
on	O
good	O
ground	O
.	O


This	O
seed	O
grew	O
and	O
made	O
100	O
times	O
more	O
grain	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
finished	O
the	O
story	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
called	O
out	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
me	O
,	O
listen	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
asked	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
does	O
this	O
story	O
mean	O
?	O
''	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
have	O
been	O
chosen	O
to	O
know	O
the	O
secret	O
truths	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
use	O
stories	O
to	O
speak	O
to	O
other	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
,	O
'	O
They	O
will	O
look	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
will	O
not	O
see	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
listen	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
will	O
not	O
understand	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
story	O
means	O
:	O
The	O
seed	O
is	O
God	O
's	O
teaching	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
are	O
like	O
the	O
seed	O
that	O
fell	O
beside	O
the	O
path	O
.	O


They	O
hear	O
God	O
's	O
teaching	O
,	O
but	O
then	O
the	O
devil	O
comes	O
and	O
causes	O
them	O
to	O
stop	O
thinking	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


This	O
keeps	O
them	O
from	O
believing	O
it	O
and	O
being	O
saved	O
.	O


Others	O
are	O
like	O
the	O
seed	O
that	O
fell	O
on	O
rock	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
God	O
's	O
teaching	O
and	O
gladly	O
accept	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
deep	O
roots	O
.	O


They	O
believe	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
trouble	O
comes	O
,	O
they	O
turn	O
away	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


``	O
What	O
about	O
the	O
seed	O
that	O
fell	O
among	O
the	O
thorny	O
weeds	O
?	O


That	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
God	O
's	O
teaching	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
let	O
the	O
worries	O
,	O
riches	O
,	O
and	O
pleasures	O
of	O
this	O
life	O
stop	O
them	O
from	O
growing	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
never	O
produce	O
a	O
crop	O
.	O


And	O
what	O
about	O
the	O
seed	O
that	O
fell	O
on	O
the	O
good	O
ground	O
?	O


That	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
God	O
's	O
teaching	O
with	O
a	O
good	O
,	O
honest	O
heart	O
.	O


They	O
obey	O
it	O
and	O
patiently	O
produce	O
a	O
good	O
crop	O
.	O


``	O
No	O
one	O
lights	O
a	O
lamp	O
and	O
then	O
covers	O
it	O
with	O
a	O
bowl	O
or	O
hides	O
it	O
under	O
a	O
bed	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
they	O
put	O
the	O
lamp	O
on	O
a	O
lampstand	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
come	O
in	O
will	O
have	O
enough	O
light	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


Everything	O
that	O
is	O
hidden	O
will	O
become	O
clear	O
.	O


Every	O
secret	O
thing	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
known	O
,	O
and	O
everyone	O
will	O
see	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
think	O
carefully	O
about	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
hearing	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
some	O
understanding	O
will	O
receive	O
more	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
understanding	O
will	O
lose	O
even	O
what	O
they	O
think	O
they	O
have	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
'	O
mother	O
and	O
brothers	O
came	O
to	O
visit	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
get	O
close	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
because	O
there	O
were	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
.	O


Someone	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Your	O
mother	O
and	O
your	O
brothers	O
are	O
standing	O
outside	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
mother	O
and	O
my	O
brothers	O
are	O
those	O
who	O
listen	O
to	O
God	O
's	O
teaching	O
and	O
obey	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


One	O
day	O
Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
got	O
into	O
a	O
boat	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
with	O
me	O
across	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
so	O
they	O
started	O
across	O
.	O


While	O
they	O
were	O
sailing	O
,	O
Jesus	O
slept	O
.	O


A	O
big	O
storm	O
blew	O
across	O
the	O
lake	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
boat	O
began	O
to	O
fill	O
with	O
water	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
in	O
danger	O
.	O


The	O
followers	O
went	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
woke	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Master	O
!	O


Master	O
!	O


We	O
will	O
drown	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
got	O
up	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
a	O
command	O
to	O
the	O
wind	O
and	O
the	O
waves	O
.	O


The	O
wind	O
stopped	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
lake	O
became	O
calm	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Where	O
is	O
your	O
faith	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
were	O
afraid	O
and	O
amazed	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
kind	O
of	O
man	O
is	O
this	O
?	O


He	O
commands	O
the	O
wind	O
and	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
obey	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
sailed	O
on	O
across	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


They	O
sailed	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
where	O
the	O
Gerasene	O
people	O
live	O
,	O
across	O
from	O
Galilee	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
got	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
boat	O
,	O
a	O
man	O
from	O
that	O
town	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


This	O
man	O
had	O
demons	O
inside	O
him	O
.	O


For	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
he	O
had	O
worn	O
no	O
clothes	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
live	O
in	O
a	O
house	O
but	O
in	O
the	O
caves	O
where	O
the	O
dead	O
are	O
buried	O
.	O


The	O
demon	O
inside	O
the	O
man	O
had	O
often	O
seized	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
put	O
in	O
jail	O
with	O
his	O
hands	O
and	O
feet	O
in	O
chains	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
would	O
always	O
break	O
the	O
chains	O
.	O


The	O
demon	O
inside	O
him	O
would	O
force	O
him	O
to	O
go	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
places	O
where	O
no	O
one	O
lived	O
.	O


Jesus	O
commanded	O
the	O
evil	O
spirit	O
to	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
man	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
man	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
,	O
he	O
fell	O
down	O
before	O
him	O
,	O
shouting	O
loudly	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
with	O
me	O
,	O
Jesus	O
,	O
Son	O
of	O
the	O
Most	O
High	O
God	O
?	O


Please	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
punish	O
me	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
asked	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
is	O
your	O
name	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
man	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Legion	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
He	O
said	O
his	O
name	O
was	O
``	O
Legion	O
''	O
because	O
many	O
demons	O
had	O
gone	O
into	O
him	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
demons	O
begged	O
Jesus	O
not	O
to	O
send	O
them	O
into	O
the	O
bottomless	O
pit	O
.	O


On	O
that	O
hill	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
big	O
herd	O
of	O
pigs	O
eating	O
.	O


The	O
demons	O
begged	O
Jesus	O
to	O
allow	O
them	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
the	O
pigs	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
allowed	O
them	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
demons	O
came	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
man	O
and	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
pigs	O
.	O


The	O
herd	O
of	O
pigs	O
ran	O
down	O
the	O
hill	O
into	O
the	O
lake	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
were	O
drowned	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
who	O
were	O
caring	O
for	O
the	O
pigs	O
ran	O
away	O
and	O
told	O
the	O
story	O
in	O
the	O
fields	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
town	O
.	O


People	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
see	O
what	O
had	O
happened	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
found	O
the	O
man	O
sitting	O
there	O
at	O
the	O
feet	O
of	O
Jesus	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
had	O
clothes	O
on	O
and	O
was	O
in	O
his	O
right	O
mind	O
again	O
;	O
the	O
demons	O
were	O
gone	O
.	O


This	O
made	O
the	O
people	O
afraid	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
who	O
saw	O
these	O
things	O
happen	O
told	O
the	O
others	O
all	O
about	O
how	O
Jesus	O
made	O
the	O
man	O
well	O
.	O


All	O
those	O
who	O
lived	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
around	O
Gerasa	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
to	O
go	O
away	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
afraid	O
.	O


So	O
Jesus	O
got	O
into	O
the	O
boat	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
Galilee	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
he	O
had	O
healed	O
begged	O
to	O
go	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
sent	O
him	O
away	O
,	O
saying	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
back	O
home	O
and	O
tell	O
people	O
what	O
God	O
did	O
for	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
man	O
went	O
all	O
over	O
town	O
telling	O
what	O
Jesus	O
had	O
done	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
Galilee	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
welcomed	O
him	O
.	O


Everyone	O
was	O
waiting	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


A	O
man	O
named	O
Jairus	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
synagogue	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
only	O
one	O
daughter	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
twelve	O
years	O
old	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
dying	O
.	O


So	O
Jairus	O
bowed	O
down	O
at	O
the	O
feet	O
of	O
Jesus	O
and	O
begged	O
him	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
his	O
house	O
.	O


While	O
Jesus	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
Jairus	O
'	O
house	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
crowded	O
all	O
around	O
him	O
.	O


A	O
woman	O
was	O
there	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
bleeding	O
for	O
twelve	O
years	O
.	O


She	O
had	O
spent	O
all	O
her	O
money	O
on	O
doctors	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
doctor	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
heal	O
her	O
.	O


The	O
woman	O
came	O
behind	O
Jesus	O
and	O
touched	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
his	O
coat	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
moment	O
,	O
her	O
bleeding	O
stopped	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
touched	O
me	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
all	O
said	O
they	O
had	O
not	O
touched	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
Peter	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Master	O
,	O
people	O
are	O
all	O
around	O
you	O
,	O
pushing	O
against	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Someone	O
touched	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
felt	O
power	O
go	O
out	O
from	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
woman	O
saw	O
that	O
she	O
could	O
not	O
hide	O
,	O
she	O
came	O
forward	O
,	O
shaking	O
.	O


She	O
bowed	O
down	O
before	O
Jesus	O
.	O


While	O
everyone	O
listened	O
,	O
she	O
told	O
why	O
she	O
touched	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
she	O
said	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
healed	O
immediately	O
when	O
she	O
touched	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
daughter	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
made	O
well	O
because	O
you	O
believed	O
.	O


Go	O
in	O
peace	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
Jesus	O
was	O
still	O
speaking	O
,	O
someone	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
house	O
of	O
the	O
synagogue	O
leader	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Your	O
daughter	O
has	O
died	O
!	O


Do	O
n't	O
bother	O
the	O
Teacher	O
anymore	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
heard	O
this	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
Jairus	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
!	O


Just	O
believe	O
and	O
your	O
daughter	O
will	O
be	O
well	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


He	O
let	O
only	O
Peter	O
,	O
John	O
,	O
James	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
girl	O
's	O
father	O
and	O
mother	O
go	O
inside	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Everyone	O
was	O
crying	O
and	O
feeling	O
sad	O
because	O
the	O
girl	O
was	O
dead	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
cry	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
not	O
dead	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
only	O
sleeping	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
laughed	O
at	O
him	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
knew	O
that	O
the	O
girl	O
was	O
dead	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
held	O
her	O
hand	O
and	O
called	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
Little	O
girl	O
,	O
stand	O
up	O
!	O
''	O


Her	O
spirit	O
came	O
back	O
into	O
her	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
stood	O
up	O
immediately	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Give	O
her	O
something	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
girl	O
's	O
parents	O
were	O
amazed	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
them	O
not	O
to	O
tell	O
anyone	O
about	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


One	O
time	O
Jesus	O
was	O
out	O
praying	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
he	O
finished	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
his	O
followers	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
John	O
taught	O
his	O
followers	O
how	O
to	O
pray	O
.	O


Lord	O
,	O
teach	O
us	O
how	O
to	O
pray	O
too	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
is	O
how	O
you	O
should	O
pray	O
:	O
'	O
Father	O
,	O
we	O
pray	O
that	O
your	O
name	O
will	O
always	O
be	O
kept	O
holy	O
.	O


We	O
pray	O
that	O
your	O
kingdom	O
will	O
come	O
.	O


Give	O
us	O
the	O
food	O
we	O
need	O
for	O
each	O
day	O
.	O


Forgive	O
our	O
sins	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
we	O
forgive	O
everyone	O
who	O
has	O
done	O
wrong	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


And	O
do	O
n't	O
let	O
us	O
be	O
tempted	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Suppose	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
went	O
to	O
your	O
friend	O
's	O
house	O
very	O
late	O
at	O
night	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
A	O
friend	O
of	O
mine	O
has	O
come	O
into	O
town	O
to	O
visit	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
have	O
nothing	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


Please	O
give	O
me	O
three	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
.	O
'	O


Your	O
friend	O
inside	O
the	O
house	O
answers	O
,	O
'	O
Go	O
away	O
!	O


Do	O
n't	O
bother	O
me	O
!	O


The	O
door	O
is	O
already	O
locked	O
.	O


My	O
children	O
and	O
I	O
are	O
in	O
bed	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
not	O
get	O
up	O
and	O
give	O
you	O
the	O
bread	O
now	O
.	O
'	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
maybe	O
friendship	O
is	O
not	O
enough	O
to	O
make	O
him	O
get	O
up	O
to	O
give	O
you	O
the	O
bread	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
will	O
surely	O
get	O
up	O
to	O
give	O
you	O
what	O
you	O
need	O
if	O
you	O
continue	O
to	O
ask	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
continue	O
to	O
ask	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
will	O
give	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Continue	O
to	O
search	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
find	O
.	O


Continue	O
to	O
knock	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
door	O
will	O
open	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
whoever	O
continues	O
to	O
ask	O
will	O
receive	O
.	O


Whoever	O
continues	O
to	O
look	O
will	O
find	O
.	O


And	O
whoever	O
continues	O
to	O
knock	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
door	O
opened	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


Do	O
any	O
of	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
son	O
?	O


What	O
would	O
you	O
do	O
if	O
your	O
son	O
asked	O
you	O
for	O
a	O
fish	O
?	O


Would	O
any	O
father	O
give	O
him	O
a	O
snake	O
?	O


Or	O
,	O
if	O
he	O
asked	O
for	O
an	O
egg	O
,	O
would	O
you	O
give	O
him	O
a	O
scorpion	O
?	O


Of	O
course	O
not	O
!	O


Even	O
you	O
who	O
are	O
bad	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
give	O
good	O
things	O
to	O
your	O
children	O
.	O


So	O
surely	O
your	O
heavenly	O
Father	O
knows	O
how	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
ask	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


One	O
time	O
Jesus	O
was	O
sending	O
a	O
demon	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
could	O
not	O
talk	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
demon	O
came	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
man	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
speak	O
.	O


The	O
crowds	O
were	O
amazed	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
uses	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
Satan	O
to	O
force	O
demons	O
out	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


Satan	O
is	O
the	O
ruler	O
of	O
demons	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
others	O
there	O
wanted	O
to	O
test	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
him	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
miracle	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
knew	O
what	O
they	O
were	O
thinking	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Every	O
kingdom	O
that	O
fights	O
against	O
itself	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
.	O


And	O
a	O
family	O
that	O
fights	O
against	O
itself	O
will	O
break	O
apart	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
Satan	O
is	O
fighting	O
against	O
himself	O
,	O
how	O
will	O
his	O
kingdom	O
survive	O
?	O


You	O
say	O
that	O
I	O
use	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
Satan	O
to	O
force	O
out	O
demons	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
I	O
use	O
Satan	O
's	O
power	O
to	O
force	O
out	O
demons	O
,	O
then	O
what	O
power	O
do	O
your	O
people	O
use	O
when	O
they	O
force	O
out	O
demons	O
?	O


So	O
your	O
own	O
people	O
will	O
prove	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
wrong	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
use	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
God	O
to	O
force	O
out	O
demons	O
.	O


This	O
shows	O
that	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
has	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
a	O
strong	O
man	O
with	O
many	O
weapons	O
guards	O
his	O
own	O
house	O
,	O
the	O
things	O
in	O
his	O
house	O
are	O
safe	O
.	O


But	O
suppose	O
a	O
stronger	O
man	O
comes	O
and	O
defeats	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
stronger	O
man	O
will	O
take	O
away	O
the	O
weapons	O
that	O
the	O
first	O
man	O
trusted	O
to	O
keep	O
his	O
house	O
safe	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
stronger	O
man	O
will	O
do	O
what	O
he	O
wants	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
man	O
's	O
things	O
.	O


``	O
Whoever	O
is	O
not	O
with	O
me	O
is	O
against	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
anyone	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
work	O
with	O
me	O
is	O
working	O
against	O
me	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
an	O
evil	O
spirit	O
comes	O
out	O
of	O
someone	O
,	O
it	O
travels	O
through	O
dry	O
places	O
,	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
place	O
to	O
rest	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
finds	O
no	O
place	O
to	O
rest	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
says	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
will	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
home	O
I	O
left	O
.	O
'	O


When	O
it	O
comes	O
back	O
,	O
it	O
finds	O
that	O
home	O
all	O
neat	O
and	O
clean	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
evil	O
spirit	O
goes	O
out	O
and	O
brings	O
back	O
seven	O
other	O
spirits	O
more	O
evil	O
than	O
itself	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
go	O
and	O
live	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
person	O
has	O
even	O
more	O
trouble	O
than	O
before	O
.	O
''	O


As	O
Jesus	O
was	O
saying	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
a	O
woman	O
with	O
the	O
people	O
there	O
called	O
out	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Blessings	O
from	O
God	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
woman	O
who	O
gave	O
birth	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
fed	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
the	O
teaching	O
of	O
God	O
and	O
obey	O
it	O
--	O
they	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
have	O
God	O
's	O
blessing	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
crowd	O
grew	O
larger	O
and	O
larger	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
people	O
who	O
live	O
today	O
are	O
evil	O
.	O


They	O
ask	O
for	O
a	O
miracle	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
no	O
miracle	O
will	O
be	O
done	O
to	O
prove	O
anything	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
sign	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
miracle	O
that	O
happened	O
to	O
Jonah	O
.	O


Jonah	O
was	O
a	O
sign	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
lived	O
in	O
Nineveh	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
sign	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
this	O
time	O
.	O


``	O
On	O
the	O
judgment	O
day	O
,	O
you	O
people	O
who	O
live	O
now	O
will	O
be	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
Queen	O
of	O
the	O
South	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
witness	O
who	O
shows	O
how	O
guilty	O
you	O
are	O
.	O


Why	O
do	O
I	O
say	O
this	O
?	O


Because	O
she	O
traveled	O
from	O
far	O
,	O
far	O
away	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
Solomon	O
's	O
wise	O
teaching	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
someone	O
greater	O
than	O
Solomon	O
is	O
right	O
here	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
listen	O
!	O


``	O
On	O
the	O
judgment	O
day	O
,	O
you	O
people	O
who	O
live	O
now	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
people	O
from	O
Nineveh	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
witnesses	O
who	O
show	O
how	O
guilty	O
you	O
are	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
when	O
Jonah	O
preached	O
to	O
those	O
people	O
,	O
they	O
changed	O
their	O
hearts	O
and	O
lives	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
are	O
listening	O
to	O
someone	O
greater	O
than	O
Jonah	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
refuse	O
to	O
change	O
!	O


``	O
No	O
one	O
takes	O
a	O
light	O
and	O
puts	O
it	O
under	O
a	O
bowl	O
or	O
hides	O
it	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
they	O
put	O
it	O
on	O
a	O
lampstand	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
come	O
in	O
can	O
see	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
source	O
of	O
light	O
for	O
the	O
body	O
is	O
the	O
eye	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
people	O
and	O
want	O
to	O
help	O
them	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
light	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
people	O
in	O
a	O
selfish	O
way	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
darkness	O
.	O


So	O
be	O
careful	O
!	O


Do	O
n't	O
let	O
the	O
light	O
in	O
you	O
become	O
darkness	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
light	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
part	O
of	O
you	O
that	O
is	O
dark	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
all	O
bright	O
,	O
as	O
though	O
you	O
have	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
a	O
lamp	O
shining	O
on	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
Jesus	O
had	O
finished	O
speaking	O
,	O
a	O
Pharisee	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
to	O
eat	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
went	O
and	O
took	O
a	O
place	O
at	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Pharisee	O
was	O
surprised	O
when	O
he	O
saw	O
that	O
Jesus	O
did	O
not	O
wash	O
his	O
hands	O
first	O
before	O
the	O
meal	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
washing	O
you	O
Pharisees	O
do	O
is	O
like	O
cleaning	O
only	O
the	O
outside	O
of	O
a	O
cup	O
or	O
a	O
dish	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
is	O
inside	O
you	O
?	O


You	O
want	O
only	O
to	O
cheat	O
and	O
hurt	O
people	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
foolish	O
!	O


The	O
same	O
one	O
who	O
made	O
what	O
is	O
outside	O
also	O
made	O
what	O
is	O
inside	O
.	O


So	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
inside	O
.	O


Give	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
need	O
help	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
fully	O
clean	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
you	O
Pharisees	O
!	O


You	O
give	O
God	O
a	O
tenth	O
of	O
the	O
food	O
you	O
get	O
,	O
even	O
your	O
mint	O
,	O
your	O
rue	O
,	O
and	O
every	O
other	O
little	O
plant	O
in	O
your	O
garden	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
forget	O
to	O
be	O
fair	O
to	O
others	O
and	O
to	O
love	O
God	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
should	O
do	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
should	O
also	O
continue	O
to	O
do	O
those	O
other	O
things	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
you	O
Pharisees	O
because	O
you	O
love	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
seats	O
in	O
the	O
synagogues	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
love	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
show	O
respect	O
to	O
you	O
in	O
the	O
marketplaces	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
are	O
like	O
hidden	O
graves	O
.	O


People	O
walk	O
on	O
them	O
without	O
knowing	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
experts	O
in	O
the	O
law	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O


Teacher	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
say	O
these	O
things	O
about	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
criticizing	O
our	O
group	O
too	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
you	O
experts	O
in	O
the	O
law	O
!	O


You	O
make	O
strict	O
rules	O
that	O
are	O
very	O
hard	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
obey	O
.	O


You	O
try	O
to	O
force	O
others	O
to	O
obey	O
your	O
rules	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
yourselves	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
try	O
to	O
follow	O
any	O
of	O
those	O
rules	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
build	O
tombs	O
for	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


But	O
these	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
prophets	O
your	O
ancestors	O
killed	O
!	O


And	O
now	O
you	O
show	O
all	O
people	O
that	O
you	O
agree	O
with	O
what	O
your	O
ancestors	O
did	O
.	O


They	O
killed	O
the	O
prophets	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
build	O
tombs	O
for	O
the	O
prophets	O
!	O


This	O
is	O
why	O
God	O
in	O
his	O
wisdom	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
will	O
send	O
prophets	O
and	O
apostles	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
my	O
prophets	O
and	O
apostles	O
will	O
be	O
killed	O
by	O
evil	O
men	O
.	O


Others	O
will	O
be	O
treated	O
badly	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
So	O
you	O
people	O
who	O
live	O
now	O
will	O
be	O
punished	O
for	O
the	O
deaths	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
prophets	O
who	O
were	O
killed	O
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
punished	O
for	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
Abel	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
punished	O
for	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
Zechariah	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
killed	O
between	O
the	O
altar	O
and	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
you	O
people	O
will	O
be	O
punished	O
for	O
them	O
all	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
you	O
experts	O
in	O
the	O
law	O
!	O


You	O
have	O
taken	O
away	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
learning	O
about	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
yourselves	O
would	O
not	O
learn	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
stopped	O
others	O
from	O
learning	O
too	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
went	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
began	O
to	O
give	O
him	O
much	O
trouble	O
.	O


They	O
tried	O
to	O
make	O
him	O
answer	O
questions	O
about	O
many	O
things	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
trying	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
catch	O
Jesus	O
saying	O
something	O
wrong	O
.	O


Many	O
thousands	O
of	O
people	O
came	O
together	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
stepping	O
on	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Before	O
Jesus	O
spoke	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
careful	O
of	O
the	O
yeast	O
of	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
hypocrites	O
.	O


Everything	O
that	O
is	O
hidden	O
will	O
be	O
shown	O
,	O
and	O
everything	O
that	O
is	O
secret	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
known	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
say	O
in	O
the	O
dark	O
will	O
be	O
told	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
.	O


And	O
what	O
you	O
whisper	O
in	O
a	O
private	O
room	O
will	O
be	O
shouted	O
from	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
house	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
my	O
friends	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
kill	O
the	O
body	O
,	O
but	O
after	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
do	O
nothing	O
more	O
to	O
hurt	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
show	O
you	O
the	O
one	O
to	O
fear	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
fear	O
God	O
,	O
who	O
has	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
kill	O
you	O
and	O
also	O
to	O
throw	O
you	O
into	O
hell	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
you	O
should	O
fear	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
birds	O
are	O
sold	O
,	O
five	O
small	O
birds	O
cost	O
only	O
two	O
pennies	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
does	O
not	O
forget	O
any	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
God	O
even	O
knows	O
how	O
many	O
hairs	O
you	O
have	O
on	O
your	O
head	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
worth	O
much	O
more	O
than	O
many	O
birds	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
stand	O
before	O
others	O
and	O
are	O
willing	O
to	O
say	O
you	O
believe	O
in	O
me	O
,	O
then	O
I	O
will	O
say	O
that	O
you	O
belong	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
say	O
this	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
angels	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
stand	O
before	O
others	O
and	O
say	O
you	O
do	O
not	O
believe	O
in	O
me	O
,	O
then	O
I	O
will	O
say	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
not	O
belong	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
say	O
this	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
angels	O
.	O


``	O
Whoever	O
says	O
something	O
against	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
can	O
be	O
forgiven	O
.	O


But	O
whoever	O
speaks	O
against	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
forgiven	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
men	O
bring	O
you	O
into	O
the	O
synagogues	O
before	O
the	O
leaders	O
and	O
other	O
important	O
men	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
worry	O
about	O
what	O
you	O
will	O
say	O
.	O


The	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
will	O
teach	O
you	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
what	O
you	O
should	O
say	O
.	O
''	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
men	O
in	O
the	O
crowd	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
our	O
father	O
just	O
died	O
and	O
left	O
some	O
things	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Tell	O
my	O
brother	O
to	O
share	O
them	O
with	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
said	O
I	O
should	O
be	O
your	O
judge	O
or	O
decide	O
how	O
to	O
divide	O
your	O
father	O
's	O
things	O
between	O
you	O
two	O
?	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
careful	O
and	O
guard	O
against	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
greed	O
.	O


People	O
do	O
not	O
get	O
life	O
from	O
the	O
many	O
things	O
they	O
own	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
used	O
this	O
story	O
:	O
``	O
There	O
was	O
a	O
rich	O
man	O
who	O
had	O
some	O
land	O
.	O


His	O
land	O
grew	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
crop	O
of	O
food	O
.	O


He	O
thought	O
to	O
himself	O
,	O
'	O
What	O
will	O
I	O
do	O
?	O


I	O
have	O
no	O
place	O
to	O
keep	O
all	O
my	O
crops	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Then	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
will	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
tear	O
down	O
my	O
barns	O
and	O
build	O
bigger	O
barns	O
!	O


I	O
will	O
put	O
all	O
my	O
wheat	O
and	O
good	O
things	O
together	O
in	O
my	O
new	O
barns	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
can	O
say	O
to	O
myself	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
many	O
good	O
things	O
stored	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
saved	O
enough	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
.	O


Rest	O
,	O
eat	O
,	O
drink	O
,	O
and	O
enjoy	O
life	O
!	O
'	O


``	O
But	O
God	O
said	O
to	O
that	O
man	O
,	O
'	O
Foolish	O
man	O
!	O


Tonight	O
you	O
will	O
die	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
about	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
prepared	O
for	O
yourself	O
?	O


Who	O
will	O
get	O
those	O
things	O
now	O
?	O
'	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
how	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
for	O
anyone	O
who	O
saves	O
things	O
only	O
for	O
himself	O
.	O


To	O
God	O
that	O
person	O
is	O
not	O
rich	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
So	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
worry	O
about	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
live	O
--	O
what	O
you	O
will	O
eat	O
or	O
what	O
you	O
will	O
wear	O
.	O


Life	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
food	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
body	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
what	O
you	O
put	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


Look	O
at	O
the	O
birds	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
plant	O
,	O
harvest	O
,	O
or	O
save	O
food	O
in	O
houses	O
or	O
barns	O
,	O
but	O
God	O
feeds	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
are	O
worth	O
much	O
more	O
than	O
crows	O
.	O


None	O
of	O
you	O
can	O
add	O
any	O
time	O
to	O
your	O
life	O
by	O
worrying	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
the	O
little	O
things	O
,	O
why	O
worry	O
about	O
the	O
big	O
things	O
?	O


``	O
Think	O
about	O
how	O
the	O
wildflowers	O
grow	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
work	O
or	O
make	O
clothes	O
for	O
themselves	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
even	O
Solomon	O
,	O
the	O
great	O
and	O
rich	O
king	O
,	O
was	O
not	O
dressed	O
as	O
beautifully	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
flowers	O
.	O


If	O
God	O
makes	O
what	O
grows	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
so	O
beautiful	O
,	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
he	O
will	O
do	O
for	O
you	O
?	O


That	O
's	O
just	O
grass	O
--	O
one	O
day	O
it	O
's	O
alive	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
next	O
day	O
someone	O
throws	O
it	O
into	O
a	O
fire	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
cares	O
enough	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
beautiful	O
.	O


Surely	O
he	O
will	O
do	O
much	O
more	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Your	O
faith	O
is	O
so	O
small	O
!	O


``	O
So	O
do	O
n't	O
always	O
think	O
about	O
what	O
you	O
will	O
eat	O
or	O
what	O
you	O
will	O
drink	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
worry	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
all	O
those	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
God	O
are	O
always	O
thinking	O
about	O
.	O


But	O
your	O
Father	O
knows	O
that	O
you	O
need	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
should	O
be	O
thinking	O
about	O
is	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
all	O
these	O
other	O
things	O
you	O
need	O
.	O


``	O
Do	O
n't	O
fear	O
,	O
little	O
flock	O
.	O


Your	O
Father	O
wants	O
to	O
share	O
his	O
kingdom	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


Sell	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
have	O
and	O
give	O
that	O
money	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
need	O
it	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
you	O
can	O
keep	O
your	O
riches	O
from	O
being	O
lost	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
storing	O
treasure	O
in	O
heaven	O
that	O
lasts	O
forever	O
.	O


Thieves	O
ca	O
n't	O
steal	O
that	O
treasure	O
,	O
and	O
moths	O
ca	O
n't	O
destroy	O
it	O
.	O


Your	O
heart	O
will	O
be	O
where	O
your	O
treasure	O
is	O
.	O


``	O
Be	O
ready	O
!	O


Be	O
fully	O
dressed	O
and	O
have	O
your	O
lights	O
shining	O
.	O


Be	O
like	O
servants	O
who	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
their	O
master	O
to	O
come	O
home	O
from	O
a	O
wedding	O
party	O
.	O


The	O
master	O
comes	O
and	O
knocks	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
servants	O
immediately	O
open	O
the	O
door	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


When	O
their	O
master	O
sees	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
ready	O
and	O
waiting	O
for	O
him	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
great	O
day	O
for	O
those	O
servants	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
without	O
a	O
doubt	O
,	O
the	O
master	O
will	O
get	O
himself	O
ready	O
to	O
serve	O
a	O
meal	O
and	O
tell	O
the	O
servants	O
to	O
sit	O
down	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
will	O
serve	O
them	O
.	O


Those	O
servants	O
might	O
have	O
to	O
wait	O
until	O
midnight	O
or	O
later	O
for	O
their	O
master	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
glad	O
they	O
did	O
when	O
he	O
comes	O
in	O
and	O
finds	O
them	O
still	O
waiting	O
.	O


``	O
Remember	O
this	O
:	O
If	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
house	O
knew	O
what	O
time	O
a	O
thief	O
was	O
coming	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
allow	O
the	O
thief	O
to	O
enter	O
his	O
house	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
also	O
must	O
be	O
ready	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
will	O
come	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
expect	O
him	O
!	O
''	O


Peter	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
did	O
you	O
tell	O
this	O
story	O
for	O
us	O
or	O
for	O
all	O
people	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
Lord	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
is	O
the	O
wise	O
and	O
trusted	O
servant	O
?	O


The	O
master	O
trusts	O
one	O
servant	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
other	O
servants	O
their	O
food	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
.	O


Who	O
is	O
the	O
servant	O
that	O
the	O
master	O
trusts	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
work	O
?	O


When	O
the	O
master	O
comes	O
and	O
finds	O
him	O
doing	O
the	O
work	O
he	O
gave	O
him	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
day	O
of	O
blessing	O
for	O
that	O
servant	O
!	O


I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
without	O
a	O
doubt	O
,	O
the	O
master	O
will	O
choose	O
that	O
servant	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
everything	O
he	O
owns	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
if	O
that	O
servant	O
is	O
evil	O
and	O
thinks	O
his	O
master	O
will	O
not	O
come	O
back	O
soon	O
?	O


He	O
will	O
begin	O
to	O
beat	O
the	O
other	O
servants	O
,	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
eat	O
and	O
drink	O
until	O
he	O
has	O
had	O
too	O
much	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
master	O
will	O
come	O
when	O
the	O
servant	O
is	O
not	O
ready	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
the	O
servant	O
is	O
not	O
expecting	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
master	O
will	O
punish	O
that	O
servant	O
and	O
send	O
him	O
away	O
to	O
be	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
obey	O
.	O


``	O
That	O
servant	O
knew	O
what	O
his	O
master	O
wanted	O
him	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
make	O
himself	O
ready	O
or	O
try	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
his	O
master	O
wanted	O
.	O


So	O
that	O
servant	O
will	O
be	O
punished	O
very	O
much	O
!	O


But	O
what	O
about	O
the	O
servant	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
know	O
what	O
his	O
master	O
wants	O
?	O


He	O
also	O
does	O
things	O
that	O
deserve	O
punishment	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
will	O
get	O
less	O
punishment	O
than	O
the	O
servant	O
who	O
knew	O
what	O
he	O
should	O
do	O
.	O


Whoever	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
much	O
will	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
much	O
.	O


Much	O
more	O
will	O
be	O
expected	O
from	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
more	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
continued	O
speaking	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
came	O
to	O
bring	O
fire	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


I	O
wish	O
it	O
were	O
already	O
burning	O
!	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
baptism	O
that	O
I	O
must	O
suffer	O
through	O
.	O


I	O
feel	O
very	O
troubled	O
until	O
it	O
is	O
finished	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
I	O
came	O
to	O
give	O
peace	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
came	O
to	O
divide	O
the	O
world	O
!	O


>	O
From	O
now	O
on	O
,	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
five	O
will	O
be	O
divided	O
,	O
three	O
against	O
two	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
against	O
three	O
.	O


A	O
father	O
and	O
son	O
will	O
be	O
divided	O
:	O
The	O
son	O
will	O
turn	O
against	O
his	O
father	O
.	O


The	O
father	O
will	O
turn	O
against	O
his	O
son	O
.	O


A	O
mother	O
and	O
her	O
daughter	O
will	O
be	O
divided	O
:	O
The	O
daughter	O
will	O
turn	O
against	O
her	O
mother	O
.	O


The	O
mother	O
will	O
turn	O
against	O
her	O
daughter	O
.	O


A	O
mother	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
and	O
her	O
daughter	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
will	O
be	O
divided	O
:	O
The	O
daughter	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
will	O
turn	O
against	O
her	O
mother	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
.	O


The	O
mother	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
will	O
turn	O
against	O
her	O
daughter	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
``	O
When	O
you	O
see	O
clouds	O
growing	O
bigger	O
in	O
the	O
west	O
,	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
A	O
rainstorm	O
is	O
coming	O
.	O
'	O


And	O
soon	O
it	O
begins	O
to	O
rain	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
feel	O
the	O
wind	O
begin	O
to	O
blow	O
from	O
the	O
south	O
,	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
hot	O
day	O
.	O
'	O


And	O
you	O
are	O
right	O
.	O


You	O
hypocrites	O
!	O


You	O
can	O
understand	O
the	O
weather	O
.	O


Why	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
understand	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
now	O
?	O


``	O
Why	O
ca	O
n't	O
you	O
decide	O
for	O
yourselves	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
?	O


Suppose	O
someone	O
is	O
suing	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
both	O
going	O
to	O
court	O
.	O


Try	O
hard	O
to	O
settle	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
settle	O
it	O
,	O
you	O
may	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
before	O
the	O
judge	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
judge	O
will	O
hand	O
you	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
officer	O
,	O
who	O
will	O
throw	O
you	O
into	O
jail	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
there	O
until	O
you	O
have	O
paid	O
every	O
cent	O
you	O
owe	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
people	O
there	O
with	O
Jesus	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
told	O
him	O
about	O
what	O
had	O
happened	O
to	O
some	O
worshipers	O
from	O
Galilee	O
.	O


Pilate	O
had	O
them	O
killed	O
.	O


Their	O
blood	O
was	O
mixed	O
with	O
the	O
blood	O
of	O
the	O
animals	O
they	O
had	O
brought	O
for	O
sacrificing	O
.	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
think	O
this	O
happened	O
to	O
those	O
people	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
more	O
sinful	O
than	O
all	O
other	O
people	O
from	O
Galilee	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
decide	O
now	O
to	O
change	O
your	O
lives	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
all	O
be	O
destroyed	O
like	O
those	O
people	O
!	O


And	O
what	O
about	O
those	O
18	O
people	O
who	O
died	O
when	O
the	O
tower	O
of	O
Siloam	O
fell	O
on	O
them	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
they	O
were	O
more	O
sinful	O
than	O
everyone	O
else	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
?	O


They	O
were	O
not	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
decide	O
now	O
to	O
change	O
your	O
lives	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
all	O
be	O
destroyed	O
too	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
told	O
this	O
story	O
:	O
``	O
A	O
man	O
had	O
a	O
fig	O
tree	O
.	O


He	O
planted	O
it	O
in	O
his	O
garden	O
.	O


He	O
came	O
looking	O
for	O
some	O
fruit	O
on	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
found	O
none	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
a	O
servant	O
who	O
took	O
care	O
of	O
his	O
garden	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
servant	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
have	O
been	O
looking	O
for	O
fruit	O
on	O
this	O
tree	O
for	O
three	O
years	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
never	O
find	O
any	O
.	O


Cut	O
it	O
down	O
!	O


Why	O
should	O
it	O
waste	O
the	O
ground	O
?	O
'	O


But	O
the	O
servant	O
answered	O
,	O
'	O
Master	O
,	O
let	O
the	O
tree	O
have	O
one	O
more	O
year	O
to	O
produce	O
fruit	O
.	O


Let	O
me	O
dig	O
up	O
the	O
dirt	O
around	O
it	O
and	O
fertilize	O
it	O
.	O


Maybe	O
the	O
tree	O
will	O
have	O
fruit	O
on	O
it	O
next	O
year	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
still	O
does	O
not	O
produce	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
can	O
cut	O
it	O
down	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Jesus	O
taught	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
synagogues	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O


A	O
woman	O
was	O
there	O
who	O
had	O
an	O
evil	O
spirit	O
inside	O
her	O
.	O


It	O
had	O
made	O
the	O
woman	O
crippled	O
for	O
18	O
years	O
.	O


Her	O
back	O
was	O
always	O
bent	O
;	O
she	O
could	O
not	O
stand	O
up	O
straight	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
saw	O
her	O
,	O
he	O
called	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
Woman	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
free	O
from	O
your	O
sickness	O
!	O
''	O


He	O
laid	O
his	O
hands	O
on	O
her	O
,	O
and	O
immediately	O
she	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
stand	O
up	O
straight	O
.	O


She	O
began	O
praising	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
synagogue	O
leader	O
was	O
angry	O
because	O
Jesus	O
healed	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
``	O
There	O
are	O
six	O
days	O
for	O
work	O
.	O


So	O
come	O
to	O
be	O
healed	O
on	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
days	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
come	O
for	O
healing	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Lord	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
people	O
are	O
hypocrites	O
!	O


All	O
of	O
you	O
untie	O
your	O
work	O
animals	O
and	O
lead	O
them	O
to	O
drink	O
water	O
every	O
day	O
--	O
even	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O


This	O
woman	O
that	O
I	O
healed	O
is	O
a	O
true	O
descendant	O
of	O
Abraham	O
.	O


But	O
Satan	O
has	O
held	O
her	O
for	O
18	O
years	O
.	O


Surely	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
wrong	O
for	O
her	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
free	O
from	O
her	O
sickness	O
on	O
a	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
!	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
said	O
this	O
,	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
criticizing	O
him	O
felt	O
ashamed	O
of	O
themselves	O
.	O


And	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
happy	O
for	O
the	O
wonderful	O
things	O
he	O
was	O
doing	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
is	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
like	O
?	O


What	O
can	O
I	O
compare	O
it	O
to	O
?	O


God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
seed	O
of	O
the	O
mustard	O
plant	O
.	O


Someone	O
plants	O
this	O
seed	O
in	O
their	O
garden	O
.	O


The	O
seed	O
grows	O
and	O
becomes	O
a	O
tree	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
birds	O
build	O
nests	O
on	O
its	O
branches	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
again	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
can	O
I	O
compare	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
with	O
?	O


It	O
is	O
like	O
yeast	O
that	O
a	O
woman	O
mixes	O
into	O
a	O
big	O
bowl	O
of	O
flour	O
to	O
make	O
bread	O
.	O


The	O
yeast	O
makes	O
all	O
the	O
dough	O
rise	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
was	O
teaching	O
in	O
every	O
town	O
and	O
village	O
.	O


He	O
continued	O
to	O
travel	O
toward	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


Someone	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
how	O
many	O
people	O
will	O
be	O
saved	O
?	O


Only	O
a	O
few	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
door	O
to	O
heaven	O
is	O
narrow	O
.	O


Try	O
hard	O
to	O
enter	O
it	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
will	O
want	O
to	O
enter	O
there	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
go	O
in	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
man	O
locks	O
the	O
door	O
of	O
his	O
house	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
stand	O
outside	O
and	O
knock	O
on	O
the	O
door	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
wo	O
n't	O
open	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Sir	O
,	O
open	O
the	O
door	O
for	O
us	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
he	O
will	O
answer	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
you	O
.	O


Where	O
did	O
you	O
come	O
from	O
?	O
'	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
We	O
ate	O
and	O
drank	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
taught	O
in	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
our	O
town	O
.	O
'	O


Then	O
he	O
will	O
say	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
you	O
.	O


Where	O
did	O
you	O
come	O
from	O
?	O


Get	O
away	O
from	O
me	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
all	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
wrong	O
!	O
'	O


``	O
You	O
will	O
see	O
Abraham	O
,	O
Isaac	O
,	O
Jacob	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
prophets	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
left	O
outside	O
.	O


There	O
you	O
will	O
cry	O
and	O
grind	O
your	O
teeth	O
with	O
pain	O
.	O


People	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
east	O
,	O
west	O
,	O
north	O
,	O
and	O
south	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
sit	O
down	O
at	O
the	O
table	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
have	O
the	O
lowest	O
place	O
in	O
life	O
now	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
highest	O
place	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


And	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
the	O
highest	O
place	O
now	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
lowest	O
place	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O
''	O


Just	O
then	O
some	O
Pharisees	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
away	O
from	O
here	O
and	O
hide	O
.	O


Herod	O
wants	O
to	O
kill	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
tell	O
that	O
fox	O
,	O
'	O
Today	O
and	O
tomorrow	O
I	O
am	O
forcing	O
demons	O
out	O
of	O
people	O
and	O
finishing	O
my	O
work	O
of	O
healing	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
the	O
next	O
day	O
,	O
the	O
work	O
will	O
be	O
finished	O
.	O
'	O


After	O
that	O
,	O
I	O
must	O
go	O
,	O
because	O
all	O
prophets	O
should	O
die	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


``	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
Jerusalem	O
!	O


You	O
kill	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


You	O
stone	O
to	O
death	O
the	O
people	O
God	O
has	O
sent	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


How	O
many	O
times	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
help	O
your	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
gather	O
them	O
together	O
as	O
a	O
hen	O
gathers	O
her	O
chicks	O
under	O
her	O
wings	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
let	O
me	O
.	O


Now	O
your	O
home	O
will	O
be	O
left	O
completely	O
empty	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
see	O
me	O
again	O
until	O
that	O
time	O
when	O
you	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Welcome	O
!	O


God	O
bless	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
comes	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


On	O
a	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
,	O
Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
home	O
of	O
a	O
leading	O
Pharisee	O
to	O
eat	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
there	O
were	O
all	O
watching	O
him	O
very	O
closely	O
.	O


A	O
man	O
with	O
a	O
bad	O
disease	O
was	O
there	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
experts	O
in	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
``	O
Is	O
it	O
right	O
or	O
wrong	O
to	O
heal	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
answer	O
his	O
question	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
took	O
the	O
man	O
and	O
healed	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
sent	O
the	O
man	O
away	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
your	O
son	O
or	O
work	O
animal	O
falls	O
into	O
a	O
well	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
would	O
pull	O
him	O
out	O
immediately	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
could	O
say	O
nothing	O
against	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
noticed	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
guests	O
were	O
choosing	O
the	O
best	O
places	O
to	O
sit	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
told	O
this	O
story	O
:	O
``	O
When	O
someone	O
invites	O
you	O
to	O
a	O
wedding	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
sit	O
in	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
seat	O
.	O


They	O
may	O
have	O
invited	O
someone	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
sitting	O
in	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
seat	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Give	O
this	O
man	O
your	O
seat	O
!	O
'	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
move	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
last	O
place	O
and	O
be	O
embarrassed	O
.	O


``	O
So	O
when	O
someone	O
invites	O
you	O
,	O
go	O
sit	O
in	O
the	O
seat	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Friend	O
,	O
move	O
up	O
here	O
to	O
this	O
better	O
place	O
!	O
'	O


What	O
an	O
honor	O
this	O
will	O
be	O
for	O
you	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
guests	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
makes	O
themselves	O
important	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
humble	O
.	O


But	O
everyone	O
who	O
makes	O
themselves	O
humble	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
important	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
Pharisee	O
who	O
had	O
invited	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
When	O
you	O
give	O
a	O
lunch	O
or	O
a	O
dinner	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
invite	O
only	O
your	O
friends	O
,	O
brothers	O
,	O
relatives	O
,	O
and	O
rich	O
neighbors	O
.	O


At	O
another	O
time	O
they	O
will	O
pay	O
you	O
back	O
by	O
inviting	O
you	O
to	O
eat	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
give	O
a	O
feast	O
,	O
invite	O
the	O
poor	O
,	O
the	O
crippled	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
blind	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
great	O
blessings	O
,	O
because	O
these	O
people	O
can	O
not	O
pay	O
you	O
back	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
nothing	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
will	O
reward	O
you	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
all	O
godly	O
people	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
.	O
''	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
men	O
sitting	O
at	O
the	O
table	O
with	O
Jesus	O
heard	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
great	O
blessing	O
for	O
anyone	O
to	O
eat	O
a	O
meal	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
A	O
man	O
gave	O
a	O
big	O
dinner	O
.	O


He	O
invited	O
many	O
people	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
was	O
time	O
to	O
eat	O
,	O
he	O
sent	O
his	O
servant	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
guests	O
,	O
'	O
Come	O
.	O


The	O
food	O
is	O
ready	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
all	O
the	O
guests	O
said	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
come	O
.	O


Each	O
one	O
made	O
an	O
excuse	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
one	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
have	O
just	O
bought	O
a	O
field	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
must	O
go	O
look	O
at	O
it	O
.	O


Please	O
excuse	O
me	O
.	O
'	O


Another	O
man	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
have	O
just	O
bought	O
five	O
pairs	O
of	O
work	O
animals	O
;	O
I	O
must	O
go	O
and	O
try	O
them	O
out	O
.	O


Please	O
excuse	O
me	O
.	O
'	O


A	O
third	O
man	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
just	O
got	O
married	O
;	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
come	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
So	O
the	O
servant	O
returned	O
and	O
told	O
his	O
master	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


The	O
master	O
was	O
angry	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Hurry	O
!	O


Go	O
into	O
the	O
streets	O
and	O
alleys	O
of	O
the	O
town	O
.	O


Bring	O
me	O
the	O
poor	O
,	O
the	O
crippled	O
,	O
the	O
blind	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
lame	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Later	O
,	O
the	O
servant	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
'	O
Master	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
what	O
you	O
told	O
me	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
still	O
have	O
places	O
for	O
more	O
people	O
.	O
'	O


The	O
master	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
servant	O
,	O
'	O
Go	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
highways	O
and	O
country	O
roads	O
.	O


Tell	O
the	O
people	O
there	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
my	O
house	O
to	O
be	O
full	O
!	O


None	O
of	O
those	O
people	O
I	O
invited	O
first	O
will	O
get	O
to	O
eat	O
any	O
of	O
this	O
food	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Many	O
people	O
were	O
traveling	O
with	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
come	O
to	O
me	O
but	O
will	O
not	O
leave	O
your	O
family	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
my	O
follower	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
love	O
me	O
more	O
than	O
your	O
father	O
,	O
mother	O
,	O
wife	O
,	O
children	O
,	O
brothers	O
,	O
and	O
sisters	O
--	O
even	O
more	O
than	O
your	O
own	O
life	O
!	O


Whoever	O
will	O
not	O
carry	O
the	O
cross	O
that	O
is	O
given	O
to	O
them	O
when	O
they	O
follow	O
me	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
my	O
follower	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
you	O
wanted	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
building	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
first	O
sit	O
down	O
and	O
decide	O
how	O
much	O
it	O
would	O
cost	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
see	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
enough	O
money	O
to	O
finish	O
the	O
job	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
that	O
,	O
you	O
might	O
begin	O
the	O
work	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
finish	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
could	O
not	O
finish	O
it	O
,	O
everyone	O
would	O
laugh	O
at	O
you	O
.	O


They	O
would	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
This	O
man	O
began	O
to	O
build	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
was	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
finish	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
If	O
a	O
king	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
fight	O
against	O
another	O
king	O
,	O
first	O
he	O
will	O
sit	O
down	O
and	O
plan	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
has	O
only	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
men	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
try	O
to	O
decide	O
if	O
he	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
defeat	O
the	O
other	O
king	O
who	O
has	O
20	O
,	O
000	O
men	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
thinks	O
he	O
can	O
not	O
defeat	O
the	O
other	O
king	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
send	O
some	O
men	O
to	O
ask	O
for	O
peace	O
while	O
that	O
king	O
's	O
army	O
is	O
still	O
far	O
away	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
for	O
each	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
leave	O
everything	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
follow	O
me	O
.	O


If	O
not	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
my	O
follower	O
.	O


``	O
Salt	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
thing	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
the	O
salt	O
loses	O
its	O
salty	O
taste	O
,	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
make	O
it	O
salty	O
again	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
worth	O
nothing	O
.	O


You	O
ca	O
n't	O
even	O
use	O
it	O
as	O
dirt	O
or	O
dung	O
.	O


People	O
just	O
throw	O
it	O
away	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
people	O
who	O
hear	O
me	O
,	O
listen	O
!	O
''	O


Many	O
tax	O
collectors	O
and	O
sinners	O
came	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
began	O
to	O
complain	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
,	O
this	O
man	O
welcomes	O
sinners	O
and	O
even	O
eats	O
with	O
them	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
told	O
them	O
this	O
story	O
:	O
``	O


Suppose	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
has	O
100	O
sheep	O
,	O
but	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
gets	O
lost	O
.	O


What	O
will	O
you	O
do	O
?	O


You	O
will	O
leave	O
the	O
other	O
99	O
sheep	O
there	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
and	O
go	O
out	O
and	O
look	O
for	O
the	O
lost	O
sheep	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
it	O
until	O
you	O
find	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
you	O
find	O
it	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
happy	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
carry	O
it	O
home	O
,	O
go	O
to	O
your	O
friends	O
and	O
neighbors	O
and	O
say	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
'	O
Be	O
happy	O
with	O
me	O
because	O
I	O
found	O
my	O
lost	O
sheep	O
!	O
'	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
heaven	O
is	O
a	O
happy	O
place	O
when	O
one	O
sinner	O
decides	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
more	O
joy	O
for	O
that	O
one	O
sinner	O
than	O
for	O
99	O
good	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


``	O
Suppose	O
a	O
woman	O
has	O
ten	O
silver	O
coins	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
loses	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


She	O
will	O
take	O
a	O
light	O
and	O
clean	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


She	O
will	O
look	O
carefully	O
for	O
the	O
coin	O
until	O
she	O
finds	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
she	O
finds	O
it	O
,	O
she	O
will	O
call	O
her	O
friends	O
and	O
neighbors	O
and	O
say	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
'	O
Be	O
happy	O
with	O
me	O
because	O
I	O
have	O
found	O
the	O
coin	O
that	O
I	O
lost	O
!	O
'	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
happy	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
angels	O
of	O
God	O
when	O
one	O
sinner	O
decides	O
to	O
change	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
There	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
had	O
two	O
sons	O
.	O


The	O
younger	O
son	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
father	O
,	O
'	O
Give	O
me	O
now	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
your	O
property	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
supposed	O
to	O
receive	O
someday	O
.	O
'	O


So	O
the	O
father	O
divided	O
his	O
wealth	O
between	O
his	O
two	O
sons	O
.	O


``	O
A	O
few	O
days	O
later	O
the	O
younger	O
son	O
gathered	O
up	O
all	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
and	O
left	O
.	O


He	O
traveled	O
far	O
away	O
to	O
another	O
country	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
he	O
wasted	O
his	O
money	O
living	O
like	O
a	O
fool	O
.	O


After	O
he	O
spent	O
everything	O
he	O
had	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
terrible	O
famine	O
throughout	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
hungry	O
and	O
needed	O
money	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
went	O
and	O
got	O
a	O
job	O
with	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
lived	O
there	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
sent	O
him	O
into	O
the	O
fields	O
to	O
feed	O
pigs	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
so	O
hungry	O
that	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
eat	O
the	O
food	O
the	O
pigs	O
were	O
eating	O
.	O


But	O
no	O
one	O
gave	O
him	O
anything	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
son	O
realized	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
very	O
foolish	O
.	O


He	O
thought	O
,	O
'	O
All	O
my	O
father	O
's	O
hired	O
workers	O
have	O
plenty	O
of	O
food	O
.	O


But	O
here	O
I	O
am	O
,	O
almost	O
dead	O
because	O
I	O
have	O
nothing	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
leave	O
and	O
go	O
to	O
my	O
father	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
say	O
to	O
him	O
:	O
Father	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
sinned	O
against	O
God	O
and	O
have	O
done	O
wrong	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
no	O
longer	O
worthy	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
your	O
son	O
.	O


But	O
let	O
me	O
be	O
like	O
one	O
of	O
your	O
hired	O
workers	O
.	O
'	O


So	O
he	O
left	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
his	O
father	O
.	O


``	O
While	O
the	O
son	O
was	O
still	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
off	O
,	O
his	O
father	O
saw	O
him	O
coming	O
and	O
felt	O
sorry	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
ran	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
hugged	O
and	O
kissed	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
son	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Father	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
sinned	O
against	O
God	O
and	O
have	O
done	O
wrong	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
no	O
longer	O
worthy	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
your	O
son	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
father	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
servants	O
,	O
'	O
Hurry	O
!	O


Bring	O
the	O
best	O
clothes	O
and	O
put	O
them	O
on	O
him	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
put	O
a	O
ring	O
on	O
his	O
finger	O
and	O
good	O
sandals	O
on	O
his	O
feet	O
.	O


And	O
bring	O
our	O
best	O
calf	O
and	O
kill	O
it	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
celebrate	O
with	O
plenty	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


My	O
son	O
was	O
dead	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
he	O
is	O
alive	O
again	O
!	O


He	O
was	O
lost	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
he	O
is	O
found	O
!	O
'	O


So	O
they	O
began	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
party	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
older	O
son	O
had	O
been	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
came	O
near	O
the	O
house	O
,	O
he	O
heard	O
the	O
sound	O
of	O
music	O
and	O
dancing	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
called	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
servant	O
boys	O
and	O
asked	O
,	O
'	O
What	O
does	O
all	O
this	O
mean	O
?	O
'	O


The	O
boy	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Your	O
brother	O
has	O
come	O
back	O
,	O
and	O
your	O
father	O
killed	O
the	O
best	O
calf	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
happy	O
because	O
he	O
has	O
his	O
son	O
back	O
safe	O
and	O
sound	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
older	O
son	O
was	O
angry	O
and	O
would	O
not	O
go	O
in	O
to	O
the	O
party	O
.	O


So	O
his	O
father	O
went	O
out	O
and	O
begged	O
him	O
to	O
come	O
in	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
father	O
,	O
'	O
Look	O
,	O
for	O
all	O
these	O
years	O
I	O
have	O
worked	O
like	O
a	O
slave	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
always	O
done	O
what	O
you	O
told	O
me	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
never	O
gave	O
me	O
even	O
a	O
young	O
goat	O
for	O
a	O
party	O
with	O
my	O
friends	O
.	O


But	O
then	O
this	O
son	O
of	O
yours	O
comes	O
home	O
after	O
wasting	O
your	O
money	O
on	O
prostitutes	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
kill	O
the	O
best	O
calf	O
for	O
him	O
!	O
'	O


``	O
His	O
father	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
'	O
Oh	O
,	O
my	O
son	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
always	O
with	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
everything	O
I	O
have	O
is	O
yours	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
day	O
to	O
be	O
happy	O
and	O
celebrate	O
.	O


Your	O
brother	O
was	O
dead	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
he	O
is	O
alive	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
lost	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
he	O
is	O
found	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Once	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
rich	O
man	O
.	O


He	O
hired	O
a	O
manager	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
his	O
business	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
he	O
learned	O
that	O
his	O
manager	O
was	O
cheating	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
called	O
the	O
manager	O
in	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
have	O
heard	O
bad	O
things	O
about	O
you	O
.	O


Give	O
me	O
a	O
report	O
of	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
done	O
with	O
my	O
money	O
.	O


You	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
my	O
manager	O
anymore	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
So	O
,	O
the	O
manager	O
thought	O
to	O
himself	O
,	O
'	O
What	O
will	O
I	O
do	O
?	O


My	O
master	O
is	O
taking	O
my	O
job	O
away	O
from	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
strong	O
enough	O
to	O
dig	O
ditches	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
too	O
proud	O
to	O
beg	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
will	O
do	O
!	O


I	O
will	O
do	O
something	O
to	O
make	O
friends	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
when	O
I	O
lose	O
my	O
job	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
welcome	O
me	O
into	O
their	O
homes	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
So	O
the	O
manager	O
called	O
in	O
each	O
person	O
who	O
owed	O
the	O
master	O
some	O
money	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
the	O
first	O
one	O
,	O
'	O
How	O
much	O
do	O
you	O
owe	O
my	O
master	O
?	O
'	O


He	O
answered	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
owe	O
him	O
100	O
jars	O
of	O
olive	O
oil	O
.	O
'	O


The	O
manager	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
'	O
Here	O
is	O
your	O
bill	O
.	O


Hurry	O
!	O


Sit	O
down	O
and	O
make	O
the	O
bill	O
less	O
.	O


Write	O
50	O
jars	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Then	O
the	O
manager	O
asked	O
another	O
one	O
,	O
'	O
How	O
much	O
do	O
you	O
owe	O
my	O
master	O
?	O
'	O


He	O
answered	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
owe	O
him	O
100	O
measures	O
of	O
wheat	O
.	O
'	O


Then	O
the	O
manager	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
'	O
Here	O
is	O
your	O
bill	O
;	O
you	O
can	O
make	O
it	O
less	O
.	O


Write	O
80	O
measures	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Later	O
,	O
the	O
master	O
told	O
the	O
dishonest	O
manager	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
done	O
a	O
smart	O
thing	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
worldly	O
people	O
are	O
smarter	O
in	O
their	O
business	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
than	O
spiritual	O
people	O
are	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
use	O
the	O
worldly	O
things	O
you	O
have	O
now	O
to	O
make	O
'	O
friends	O
'	O
for	O
later	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
when	O
those	O
things	O
are	O
gone	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
welcomed	O
into	O
a	O
home	O
that	O
lasts	O
forever	O
.	O


Whoever	O
can	O
be	O
trusted	O
with	O
small	O
things	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
trusted	O
with	O
big	O
things	O
.	O


Whoever	O
is	O
dishonest	O
in	O
little	O
things	O
will	O
be	O
dishonest	O
in	O
big	O
things	O
too	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
trusted	O
with	O
worldly	O
riches	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
trusted	O
with	O
the	O
true	O
riches	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
trusted	O
with	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
belong	O
to	O
someone	O
else	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
given	O
anything	O
of	O
your	O
own	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
can	O
not	O
serve	O
two	O
masters	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
hate	O
one	O
master	O
and	O
love	O
the	O
other	O
.	O


Or	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
loyal	O
to	O
one	O
and	O
not	O
care	O
about	O
the	O
other	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
not	O
serve	O
God	O
and	O
Money	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Pharisees	O
were	O
listening	O
to	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


They	O
criticized	O
Jesus	O
because	O
they	O
all	O
loved	O
money	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
make	O
yourselves	O
look	O
good	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
knows	O
what	O
is	O
really	O
in	O
your	O
hearts	O
.	O


What	O
people	O
think	O
is	O
important	O
is	O
worth	O
nothing	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


``	O
Before	O
John	O
the	O
Baptizer	O
came	O
,	O
people	O
were	O
taught	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
and	O
the	O
writings	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


But	O
since	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
John	O
,	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
being	O
told	O
.	O


And	O
everyone	O
is	O
trying	O
hard	O
to	O
get	O
into	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
the	O
smallest	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
letter	O
in	O
the	O
law	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
changed	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
easier	O
for	O
heaven	O
and	O
earth	O
to	O
pass	O
away	O
.	O


``	O
Any	O
man	O
who	O
divorces	O
his	O
wife	O
and	O
marries	O
another	O
woman	O
is	O
guilty	O
of	O
adultery	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
marries	O
a	O
divorced	O
woman	O
is	O
also	O
guilty	O
of	O
adultery	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
There	O
was	O
a	O
rich	O
man	O
who	O
always	O
dressed	O
in	O
the	O
finest	O
clothes	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
so	O
rich	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
enjoy	O
all	O
the	O
best	O
things	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
very	O
poor	O
man	O
named	O
Lazarus	O
.	O


Lazarus	O
'	O
body	O
was	O
covered	O
with	O
sores	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
often	O
put	O
by	O
the	O
rich	O
man	O
's	O
gate	O
.	O


Lazarus	O
wanted	O
only	O
to	O
eat	O
the	O
scraps	O
of	O
food	O
left	O
on	O
the	O
floor	O
under	O
the	O
rich	O
man	O
's	O
table	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
dogs	O
came	O
and	O
licked	O
his	O
sores	O
.	O


``	O
Later	O
,	O
Lazarus	O
died	O
.	O


The	O
angels	O
took	O
him	O
and	O
placed	O
him	O
in	O
the	O
arms	O
of	O
Abraham	O
.	O


The	O
rich	O
man	O
also	O
died	O
and	O
was	O
buried	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
sent	O
to	O
the	O
place	O
of	O
death	O
and	O
was	O
in	O
great	O
pain	O
.	O


He	O
saw	O
Abraham	O
far	O
away	O
with	O
Lazarus	O
in	O
his	O
arms	O
.	O


He	O
called	O
,	O
'	O
Father	O
Abraham	O
,	O
have	O
mercy	O
on	O
me	O
!	O


Send	O
Lazarus	O
to	O
me	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
can	O
dip	O
his	O
finger	O
in	O
water	O
and	O
cool	O
my	O
tongue	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
suffering	O
in	O
this	O
fire	O
!	O
'	O


``	O
But	O
Abraham	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
My	O
child	O
,	O
remember	O
when	O
you	O
lived	O
?	O


You	O
had	O
all	O
the	O
good	O
things	O
in	O
life	O
.	O


But	O
Lazarus	O
had	O
nothing	O
but	O
problems	O
.	O


Now	O
he	O
is	O
comforted	O
here	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
suffering	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
big	O
pit	O
between	O
you	O
and	O
us	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
can	O
cross	O
over	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
come	O
here	O
from	O
there	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
rich	O
man	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Then	O
please	O
,	O
father	O
Abraham	O
,	O
send	O
Lazarus	O
to	O
my	O
father	O
's	O
house	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
five	O
brothers	O
.	O


He	O
could	O
warn	O
my	O
brothers	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
not	O
come	O
to	O
this	O
place	O
of	O
pain	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
But	O
Abraham	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
They	O
have	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
and	O
the	O
writings	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
to	O
read	O
;	O
let	O
them	O
learn	O
from	O
that	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
rich	O
man	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
No	O
,	O
father	O
Abraham	O
!	O


But	O
if	O
someone	O
came	O
to	O
them	O
from	O
the	O
dead	O
,	O
then	O
they	O
would	O
decide	O
to	O
change	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
But	O
Abraham	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
'	O
If	O
your	O
brothers	O
wo	O
n't	O
listen	O
to	O
Moses	O
and	O
the	O
prophets	O
,	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
listen	O
to	O
someone	O
who	O
comes	O
back	O
from	O
the	O
dead	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Things	O
will	O
surely	O
happen	O
that	O
will	O
make	O
people	O
sin	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
bad	O
for	O
anyone	O
who	O
makes	O
this	O
happen	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
bad	O
for	O
anyone	O
who	O
makes	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
little	O
children	O
sin	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
millstone	O
tied	O
around	O
their	O
neck	O
and	O
be	O
drowned	O
in	O
the	O
sea	O
.	O


So	O
be	O
careful	O
!	O


``	O
If	O
your	O
brother	O
or	O
sister	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
family	O
does	O
something	O
wrong	O
,	O
warn	O
them	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
are	O
sorry	O
for	O
what	O
they	O
did	O
,	O
forgive	O
them	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
they	O
do	O
something	O
wrong	O
to	O
you	O
seven	O
times	O
in	O
one	O
day	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
sorry	O
each	O
time	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
forgive	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
apostles	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
``	O
Give	O
us	O
more	O
faith	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
Lord	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
your	O
faith	O
is	O
as	O
big	O
as	O
a	O
mustard	O
seed	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
say	O
to	O
this	O
mulberry	O
tree	O
,	O
'	O
Dig	O
yourself	O
up	O
and	O
plant	O
yourself	O
in	O
the	O
ocean	O
!	O
'	O


And	O
the	O
tree	O
will	O
obey	O
you	O
.	O


``	O
Suppose	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
has	O
a	O
servant	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
working	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
plowing	O
or	O
caring	O
for	O
the	O
sheep	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
comes	O
in	O
from	O
work	O
,	O
what	O
would	O
you	O
say	O
to	O
him	O
?	O


Would	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Come	O
in	O
,	O
sit	O
down	O
and	O
eat	O
'	O
?	O


Of	O
course	O
not	O
!	O


You	O
would	O
say	O
to	O
your	O
servant	O
,	O
'	O
Prepare	O
something	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


Then	O
get	O
ready	O
and	O
serve	O
me	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
finish	O
eating	O
and	O
drinking	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
can	O
eat	O
.	O
'	O


The	O
servant	O
should	O
not	O
get	O
any	O
special	O
thanks	O
for	O
doing	O
his	O
job	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
only	O
doing	O
what	O
his	O
master	O
told	O
him	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
finish	O
doing	O
all	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
told	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
We	O
are	O
not	O
worthy	O
of	O
any	O
special	O
thanks	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
only	O
done	O
the	O
work	O
we	O
should	O
do	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Jesus	O
was	O
traveling	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
from	O
Galilee	O
to	O
Samaria	O
.	O


He	O
came	O
into	O
a	O
small	O
town	O
,	O
and	O
ten	O
men	O
met	O
him	O
there	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
come	O
close	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
all	O
had	O
leprosy	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
men	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
Jesus	O
!	O


Master	O
!	O


Please	O
help	O
us	O
!	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
saw	O
the	O
men	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
and	O
show	O
yourselves	O
to	O
the	O
priests	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
the	O
ten	O
men	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
priests	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
healed	O
.	O


When	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
saw	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
healed	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
praised	O
God	O
loudly	O
.	O


He	O
bowed	O
down	O
at	O
Jesus	O
'	O
feet	O
and	O
thanked	O
him	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
He	O
was	O
a	O
Samaritan	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Ten	O
men	O
were	O
healed	O
;	O
where	O
are	O
the	O
other	O
nine	O
?	O


This	O
man	O
is	O
not	O
even	O
one	O
of	O
our	O
people	O
.	O


Is	O
he	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
who	O
came	O
back	O
to	O
give	O
praise	O
to	O
God	O
?	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
man	O
,	O
``	O
Stand	O
up	O
!	O


You	O
can	O
go	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
healed	O
because	O
you	O
believed	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
When	O
will	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
come	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
coming	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
it	O
.	O


People	O
will	O
not	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Look	O
,	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
here	O
!	O
'	O


or	O
'	O
There	O
it	O
is	O
!	O
'	O


No	O
,	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
here	O
with	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
time	O
will	O
come	O
when	O
you	O
will	O
want	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
see	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
.	O


People	O
will	O
say	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
'	O
Look	O
,	O
there	O
it	O
is	O
!	O
'	O


or	O
'	O
Look	O
,	O
here	O
it	O
is	O
!	O
'	O


Stay	O
where	O
you	O
are	O
;	O
do	O
n't	O
go	O
away	O
and	O
search	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
comes	O
again	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
know	O
it	O
.	O


On	O
that	O
day	O
he	O
will	O
shine	O
like	O
lightning	O
flashes	O
across	O
the	O
sky	O
.	O


But	O
first	O
,	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
must	O
suffer	O
many	O
things	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
of	O
today	O
will	O
refuse	O
to	O
accept	O
him	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
comes	O
again	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
when	O
Noah	O
lived	O
.	O


People	O
were	O
eating	O
,	O
drinking	O
,	O
and	O
getting	O
married	O
even	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
Noah	O
entered	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
flood	O
came	O
and	O
killed	O
them	O
all	O
.	O


``	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
during	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Lot	O
,	O
when	O
God	O
destroyed	O
Sodom	O
.	O


Those	O
people	O
were	O
eating	O
,	O
drinking	O
,	O
buying	O
,	O
selling	O
,	O
planting	O
,	O
and	O
building	O
houses	O
for	O
themselves	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
doing	O
these	O
things	O
even	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
Lot	O
left	O
town	O
.	O


Then	O
fire	O
and	O
sulfur	O
rained	O
down	O
from	O
the	O
sky	O
and	O
killed	O
them	O
all	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
exactly	O
how	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
when	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
comes	O
again	O
.	O


``	O
On	O
that	O
day	O
if	O
a	O
man	O
is	O
on	O
his	O
roof	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
have	O
time	O
to	O
go	O
inside	O
and	O
get	O
his	O
things	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
man	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
he	O
can	O
not	O
go	O
back	O
home	O
.	O


Remember	O
what	O
happened	O
to	O
Lot	O
's	O
wife	O
!	O


``	O
Whoever	O
tries	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
life	O
they	O
have	O
will	O
lose	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
whoever	O
gives	O
up	O
their	O
life	O
will	O
save	O
it	O
.	O


That	O
night	O
there	O
may	O
be	O
two	O
people	O
sleeping	O
in	O
one	O
room	O
.	O


One	O
will	O
be	O
taken	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
will	O
be	O
left	O
.	O


There	O
may	O
be	O
two	O
women	O
working	O
together	O
.	O


One	O
will	O
be	O
taken	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
will	O
be	O
left	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Where	O
will	O
this	O
be	O
,	O
Lord	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
's	O
like	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
dead	O
body	O
--	O
you	O
will	O
find	O
it	O
where	O
the	O
vultures	O
are	O
gathering	O
above	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
taught	O
the	O
followers	O
that	O
they	O
should	O
always	O
pray	O
and	O
never	O
lose	O
hope	O
.	O


He	O
used	O
this	O
story	O
to	O
teach	O
them	O
:	O
``	O
Once	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
judge	O
in	O
a	O
town	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
care	O
about	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
did	O
not	O
care	O
what	O
people	O
thought	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


In	O
that	O
same	O
town	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
woman	O
whose	O
husband	O
had	O
died	O
.	O


She	O
came	O
many	O
times	O
to	O
this	O
judge	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
is	O
doing	O
bad	O
things	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


Give	O
me	O
my	O
rights	O
!	O
'	O


But	O
the	O
judge	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
woman	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
judge	O
thought	O
to	O
himself	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
about	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
about	O
what	O
people	O
think	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
woman	O
is	O
bothering	O
me	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
give	O
her	O
what	O
she	O
wants	O
,	O
then	O
she	O
will	O
leave	O
me	O
alone	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
give	O
her	O
what	O
she	O
wants	O
,	O
she	O
will	O
bother	O
me	O
until	O
I	O
am	O
sick	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


The	O
Lord	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Listen	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
meaning	O
in	O
what	O
the	O
bad	O
judge	O
said	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
people	O
shout	O
to	O
him	O
night	O
and	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
always	O
give	O
them	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
slow	O
to	O
answer	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
God	O
will	O
help	O
his	O
people	O
quickly	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
comes	O
again	O
,	O
will	O
he	O
find	O
people	O
on	O
earth	O
who	O
believe	O
in	O
him	O
?	O
''	O


There	O
were	O
some	O
people	O
who	O
thought	O
they	O
were	O
very	O
good	O
and	O
looked	O
down	O
on	O
everyone	O
else	O
.	O


Jesus	O
used	O
this	O
story	O
to	O
teach	O
them	O
:	O
``	O
One	O
time	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
Pharisee	O
and	O
a	O
tax	O
collector	O
.	O


One	O
day	O
they	O
both	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
Temple	O
to	O
pray	O
.	O


The	O
Pharisee	O
stood	O
alone	O
,	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
tax	O
collector	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
Pharisee	O
prayed	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
O	O
God	O
,	O
I	O
thank	O
you	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
as	O
bad	O
as	O
other	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
like	O
men	O
who	O
steal	O
,	O
cheat	O
,	O
or	O
commit	O
adultery	O
.	O


I	O
thank	O
you	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
better	O
than	O
this	O
tax	O
collector	O
.	O


I	O
fast	O
twice	O
a	O
week	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
give	O
a	O
tenth	O
of	O
everything	O
I	O
get	O
!	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
tax	O
collector	O
stood	O
alone	O
too	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
he	O
prayed	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
even	O
look	O
up	O
to	O
heaven	O
.	O


He	O
felt	O
very	O
humble	O
before	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
O	O
God	O
,	O
have	O
mercy	O
on	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
a	O
sinner	O
!	O
'	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
when	O
this	O
man	O
finished	O
his	O
prayer	O
and	O
went	O
home	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Pharisee	O
,	O
who	O
felt	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
better	O
than	O
others	O
,	O
was	O
not	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
make	O
themselves	O
important	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
humble	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
make	O
themselves	O
humble	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
important	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
people	O
brought	O
their	O
small	O
children	O
to	O
Jesus	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
lay	O
his	O
hands	O
on	O
them	O
to	O
bless	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
followers	O
saw	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
not	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
called	O
the	O
little	O
children	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Let	O
the	O
little	O
children	O
come	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
stop	O
them	O
,	O
because	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
belongs	O
to	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
like	O
these	O
little	O
children	O
.	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
accept	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
like	O
a	O
little	O
child	O
accepts	O
things	O
,	O
or	O
you	O
will	O
never	O
enter	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


A	O
religious	O
leader	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Good	O
Teacher	O
,	O
what	O
must	O
I	O
do	O
to	O
get	O
eternal	O
life	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
do	O
you	O
call	O
me	O
good	O
?	O


Only	O
God	O
is	O
good	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
his	O
commands	O
:	O
'	O
You	O
must	O
not	O
commit	O
adultery	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
not	O
murder	O
anyone	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
not	O
steal	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
not	O
tell	O
lies	O
about	O
others	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
respect	O
your	O
father	O
and	O
mother	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
leader	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
have	O
obeyed	O
all	O
these	O
commands	O
since	O
I	O
was	O
a	O
boy	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
leader	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
one	O
thing	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Sell	O
everything	O
you	O
have	O
and	O
give	O
the	O
money	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
poor	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
have	O
riches	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


Then	O
come	O
and	O
follow	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
man	O
heard	O
Jesus	O
tell	O
him	O
to	O
give	O
away	O
his	O
money	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
sad	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
very	O
rich	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
saw	O
that	O
the	O
man	O
was	O
sad	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
hard	O
for	O
rich	O
people	O
to	O
enter	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
easier	O
for	O
a	O
camel	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
the	O
eye	O
of	O
a	O
needle	O
than	O
for	O
a	O
rich	O
person	O
to	O
enter	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
people	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Then	O
who	O
can	O
be	O
saved	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
can	O
do	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
possible	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
do	O
.	O
''	O


Peter	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
,	O
we	O
left	O
everything	O
we	O
had	O
and	O
followed	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
can	O
promise	O
that	O
everyone	O
who	O
has	O
left	O
their	O
home	O
,	O
wife	O
,	O
brothers	O
,	O
parents	O
,	O
or	O
children	O
for	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
will	O
get	O
much	O
more	O
than	O
they	O
left	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
get	O
many	O
times	O
more	O
in	O
this	O
life	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
is	O
coming	O
they	O
will	O
get	O
the	O
reward	O
of	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
talked	O
to	O
the	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
alone	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Listen	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


Everything	O
that	O
God	O
told	O
the	O
prophets	O
to	O
write	O
about	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
will	O
happen	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
be	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
foreigners	O
,	O
who	O
will	O
laugh	O
at	O
him	O
,	O
insult	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
spit	O
on	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
beat	O
him	O
with	O
whips	O
and	O
then	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
on	O
the	O
third	O
day	O
after	O
his	O
death	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
rise	O
to	O
life	O
again	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
apostles	O
tried	O
to	O
understand	O
this	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
;	O
the	O
meaning	O
was	O
hidden	O
from	O
them	O
.	O


Jesus	O
came	O
near	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Jericho	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
blind	O
man	O
sitting	O
beside	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
begging	O
people	O
for	O
money	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
heard	O
the	O
people	O
coming	O
down	O
the	O
road	O
,	O
he	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
is	O
happening	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
told	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Jesus	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
from	O
Nazareth	O
,	O
is	O
coming	O
here	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
blind	O
man	O
was	O
excited	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Jesus	O
,	O
Son	O
of	O
David	O
,	O
please	O
help	O
me	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
in	O
front	O
,	O
leading	O
the	O
group	O
,	O
criticized	O
the	O
blind	O
man	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
him	O
to	O
be	O
quiet	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
shouted	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
,	O
``	O
Son	O
of	O
David	O
,	O
please	O
help	O
me	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
stopped	O
there	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Bring	O
that	O
man	O
to	O
me	O
!	O
''	O


When	O
he	O
came	O
close	O
,	O
Jesus	O
asked	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
me	O
to	O
do	O
for	O
you	O
?	O
''	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
again	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
can	O
see	O
now	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
healed	O
because	O
you	O
believed	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
man	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


He	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
,	O
thanking	O
God	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
saw	O
this	O
praised	O
God	O
for	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


Jesus	O
looked	O
up	O
and	O
saw	O
some	O
rich	O
people	O
putting	O
their	O
gifts	O
to	O
God	O
into	O
the	O
Temple	O
collection	O
box	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
saw	O
a	O
poor	O
widow	O
put	O
two	O
small	O
copper	O
coins	O
into	O
the	O
box	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
poor	O
widow	O
gave	O
only	O
two	O
small	O
coins	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
she	O
gave	O
more	O
than	O
all	O
those	O
rich	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
plenty	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
gave	O
only	O
what	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
need	O
.	O


This	O
woman	O
is	O
very	O
poor	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
gave	O
all	O
she	O
had	O
to	O
live	O
on	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
followers	O
were	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
beautiful	O
Temple	O
,	O
built	O
with	O
the	O
best	O
stones	O
.	O


Look	O
at	O
the	O
many	O
good	O
gifts	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
offered	O
to	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
time	O
will	O
come	O
when	O
all	O
that	O
you	O
see	O
here	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
.	O


Every	O
stone	O
of	O
these	O
buildings	O
will	O
be	O
thrown	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


Not	O
one	O
stone	O
will	O
be	O
left	O
on	O
another	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
followers	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
when	O
will	O
these	O
things	O
happen	O
?	O


What	O
will	O
show	O
us	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
time	O
for	O
these	O
things	O
to	O
happen	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
careful	O
!	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
fooled	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
will	O
come	O
using	O
my	O
name	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
Christ	O
'	O
and	O
'	O
The	O
right	O
time	O
has	O
come	O
!	O
'	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
follow	O
them	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
hear	O
about	O
wars	O
and	O
riots	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


These	O
things	O
must	O
happen	O
first	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
end	O
will	O
come	O
later	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Nations	O
will	O
fight	O
against	O
other	O
nations	O
.	O


Kingdoms	O
will	O
fight	O
against	O
other	O
kingdoms	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
great	O
earthquakes	O
,	O
sicknesses	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
bad	O
things	O
in	O
many	O
places	O
.	O


In	O
some	O
places	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
food	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


Terrible	O
things	O
will	O
happen	O
,	O
and	O
amazing	O
things	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
heaven	O
to	O
warn	O
people	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
before	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
happen	O
,	O
people	O
will	O
arrest	O
you	O
and	O
do	O
bad	O
things	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
judge	O
you	O
in	O
their	O
synagogues	O
and	O
put	O
you	O
in	O
jail	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
forced	O
to	O
stand	O
before	O
kings	O
and	O
governors	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
do	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
to	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
follow	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
tell	O
about	O
me	O
.	O


Decide	O
now	O
not	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
what	O
you	O
will	O
say	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
the	O
wisdom	O
to	O
say	O
things	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
your	O
enemies	O
can	O
answer	O
.	O


Even	O
your	O
parents	O
,	O
brothers	O
,	O
relatives	O
,	O
and	O
friends	O
will	O
turn	O
against	O
you	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
have	O
some	O
of	O
you	O
killed	O
.	O


Everyone	O
will	O
hate	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
follow	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
none	O
of	O
these	O
things	O
can	O
really	O
harm	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
save	O
yourselves	O
by	O
continuing	O
strong	O
in	O
your	O
faith	O
through	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
will	O
see	O
armies	O
all	O
around	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
its	O
destruction	O
has	O
come	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
in	O
Judea	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
should	O
run	O
away	O
to	O
the	O
mountains	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
must	O
leave	O
quickly	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
near	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
go	O
in	O
!	O


The	O
prophets	O
wrote	O
many	O
things	O
about	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
God	O
will	O
punish	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
time	O
I	O
am	O
talking	O
about	O
is	O
when	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
must	O
happen	O
.	O


During	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
hard	O
for	O
women	O
who	O
are	O
pregnant	O
or	O
have	O
small	O
babies	O
,	O
because	O
very	O
bad	O
times	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
this	O
land	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
be	O
angry	O
with	O
these	O
people	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
will	O
be	O
killed	O
by	O
soldiers	O
.	O


Others	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
prisoners	O
and	O
taken	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
different	O
countries	O
.	O


The	O
holy	O
city	O
of	O
Jerusalem	O
will	O
be	O
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
foreigners	O
until	O
their	O
time	O
is	O
completed	O
.	O


``	O
Amazing	O
things	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
the	O
sun	O
,	O
moon	O
,	O
and	O
stars	O
.	O


And	O
people	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
earth	O
will	O
be	O
upset	O
and	O
confused	O
by	O
the	O
noise	O
of	O
the	O
sea	O
and	O
its	O
crashing	O
waves	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
afraid	O
and	O
worried	O
about	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Everything	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
will	O
be	O
changed	O
.	O


Then	O
people	O
will	O
see	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
coming	O
in	O
a	O
cloud	O
with	O
power	O
and	O
great	O
glory	O
.	O


When	O
these	O
things	O
begin	O
to	O
happen	O
,	O
stand	O
up	O
tall	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


Know	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
almost	O
time	O
for	O
God	O
to	O
free	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
told	O
this	O
story	O
:	O
``	O
Look	O
at	O
all	O
the	O
trees	O
.	O


The	O
fig	O
tree	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
example	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
turns	O
green	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
summer	O
is	O
near	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
see	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
happening	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
coming	O
very	O
soon	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
assure	O
you	O
that	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
will	O
happen	O
while	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
this	O
time	O
are	O
still	O
living	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
world	O
,	O
earth	O
and	O
sky	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
,	O
but	O
my	O
words	O
will	O
last	O
forever	O
.	O


``	O
Be	O
careful	O
not	O
to	O
spend	O
your	O
time	O
having	O
parties	O
and	O
getting	O
drunk	O
or	O
worrying	O
about	O
this	O
life	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
that	O
,	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
think	O
straight	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
end	O
might	O
come	O
when	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
ready	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
come	O
as	O
a	O
surprise	O
to	O
everyone	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


So	O
be	O
ready	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


Pray	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
through	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
that	O
will	O
happen	O
and	O
stand	O
safe	O
before	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
.	O
''	O


During	O
the	O
day	O
Jesus	O
taught	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


At	O
night	O
he	O
went	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
and	O
stayed	O
all	O
night	O
on	O
the	O
Mount	O
of	O
Olives	O
.	O


Every	O
morning	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
got	O
up	O
early	O
to	O
go	O
listen	O
to	O
Jesus	O
at	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
almost	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
Jewish	O
Festival	O
of	O
Unleavened	O
Bread	O
,	O
called	O
the	O
Passover	O
.	O


The	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
wanted	O
to	O
kill	O
Jesus	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
were	O
trying	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
quiet	O
way	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
afraid	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
people	O
would	O
do	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
Jesus	O
'	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
was	O
named	O
Judas	O
Iscariot	O
.	O


Satan	O
entered	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
went	O
and	O
talked	O
with	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
soldiers	O
who	O
guarded	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


He	O
talked	O
to	O
them	O
about	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
hand	O
Jesus	O
over	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
priests	O
were	O
very	O
happy	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


They	O
promised	O
to	O
give	O
Judas	O
money	O
for	O
doing	O
this	O
.	O


He	O
agreed	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
waited	O
for	O
the	O
best	O
time	O
to	O
hand	O
him	O
over	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
when	O
no	O
one	O
was	O
around	O
to	O
see	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
Day	O
of	O
Unleavened	O
Bread	O
came	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
the	O
Jews	O
always	O
killed	O
the	O
lambs	O
for	O
the	O
Passover	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
and	O
prepare	O
the	O
Passover	O
meal	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Where	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
us	O
to	O
prepare	O
the	O
meal	O
?	O
''	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
When	O
you	O
go	O
into	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
a	O
man	O
carrying	O
a	O
jar	O
of	O
water	O
.	O


Follow	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
go	O
into	O
a	O
house	O
.	O


Tell	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
house	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
Teacher	O
asks	O
that	O
you	O
please	O
show	O
us	O
the	O
room	O
where	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
can	O
eat	O
the	O
Passover	O
meal	O
.	O
'	O


Then	O
the	O
owner	O
will	O
show	O
you	O
a	O
large	O
room	O
upstairs	O
that	O
is	O
ready	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Prepare	O
the	O
meal	O
there	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
left	O
.	O


Everything	O
happened	O
the	O
way	O
Jesus	O
said	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
prepared	O
the	O
Passover	O
meal	O
.	O


The	O
time	O
came	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
eat	O
the	O
Passover	O
meal	O
.	O


Jesus	O
and	O
the	O
apostles	O
were	O
together	O
at	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
wanted	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
eat	O
this	O
Passover	O
meal	O
with	O
you	O
before	O
I	O
die	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
never	O
eat	O
another	O
Passover	O
meal	O
until	O
it	O
is	O
given	O
its	O
full	O
meaning	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
took	O
a	O
cup	O
of	O
wine	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
thanks	O
to	O
God	O
for	O
it	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Take	O
this	O
cup	O
and	O
give	O
it	O
to	O
everyone	O
here	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
never	O
drink	O
wine	O
again	O
until	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
comes	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
took	O
some	O
bread	O
and	O
thanked	O
God	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
broke	O
off	O
some	O
pieces	O
,	O
gave	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
apostles	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O


This	O
bread	O
is	O
my	O
body	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
giving	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Eat	O
this	O
to	O
remember	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
after	O
supper	O
,	O
Jesus	O
took	O
the	O
cup	O
of	O
wine	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
wine	O
represents	O
the	O
new	O
agreement	O
from	O
God	O
to	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
begin	O
when	O
my	O
blood	O
is	O
poured	O
out	O
for	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
here	O
on	O
this	O
table	O
is	O
the	O
hand	O
of	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
will	O
hand	O
me	O
over	O
to	O
my	O
enemies	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
will	O
do	O
what	O
God	O
has	O
planned	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
bad	O
for	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
hands	O
over	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
apostles	O
asked	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
Which	O
one	O
of	O
us	O
would	O
do	O
that	O
?	O
''	O


Later	O
,	O
the	O
apostles	O
began	O
to	O
argue	O
about	O
which	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
kings	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
rule	O
over	O
their	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
authority	O
over	O
others	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
'	O
the	O
great	O
providers	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
you	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


The	O
one	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
authority	O
among	O
you	O
should	O
act	O
as	O
if	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
least	O
important	O
.	O


The	O
one	O
who	O
leads	O
should	O
be	O
like	O
one	O
who	O
serves	O
.	O


Who	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
:	O
the	O
one	O
serving	O
or	O
the	O
one	O
sitting	O
at	O
the	O
table	O
being	O
served	O
?	O


Everyone	O
thinks	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
one	O
being	O
served	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


But	O
I	O
have	O
been	O
with	O
you	O
as	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
serves	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
men	O
have	O
stayed	O
with	O
me	O
through	O
many	O
struggles	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
give	O
you	O
authority	O
to	O
rule	O
with	O
me	O
in	O
the	O
kingdom	O
the	O
Father	O
has	O
given	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
eat	O
and	O
drink	O
at	O
my	O
table	O
in	O
that	O
kingdom	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
sit	O
on	O
thrones	O
and	O
judge	O
the	O
twelve	O
tribes	O
of	O
Israel	O
.	O


``	O
Satan	O
has	O
asked	O
to	O
test	O
you	O
men	O
like	O
a	O
farmer	O
tests	O
his	O
wheat	O
.	O
O	O


Simon	O
,	O
Simon	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
prayed	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
lose	O
your	O
faith	O
!	O


Help	O
your	O
brothers	O
be	O
stronger	O
when	O
you	O
come	O
back	O
to	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Peter	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
ready	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
jail	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
even	O
die	O
with	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Peter	O
,	O
before	O
the	O
rooster	O
crows	O
tomorrow	O
morning	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
say	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
say	O
this	O
three	O
times	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
apostles	O
,	O
``	O
Remember	O
when	O
I	O
sent	O
you	O
out	O
without	O
money	O
,	O
a	O
bag	O
,	O
or	O
sandals	O
?	O


Did	O
you	O
need	O
anything	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
apostles	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
now	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
money	O
or	O
a	O
bag	O
,	O
carry	O
that	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
sword	O
,	O
sell	O
your	O
coat	O
and	O
buy	O
one	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
He	O
was	O
considered	O
a	O
criminal	O
.	O
'	O


This	O
Scripture	O
must	O
happen	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
written	O
about	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
happening	O
now	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
,	O
Lord	O
,	O
here	O
are	O
two	O
swords	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
That	O
's	O
enough	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
left	O
the	O
city	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
Mount	O
of	O
Olives	O
.	O


His	O
followers	O
went	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
He	O
went	O
there	O
often	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Pray	O
for	O
strength	O
against	O
temptation	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
went	O
about	O
50	O
steps	O
away	O
from	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
knelt	O
down	O
and	O
prayed	O
,	O
``	O
Father	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
willing	O
,	O
please	O
do	O
n't	O
make	O
me	O
drink	O
from	O
this	O
cup	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
,	O
not	O
what	O
I	O
want	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
an	O
angel	O
from	O
heaven	O
came	O
to	O
help	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
full	O
of	O
pain	O
;	O
he	O
struggled	O
hard	O
in	O
prayer	O
.	O


Sweat	O
dripped	O
from	O
his	O
face	O
like	O
drops	O
of	O
blood	O
falling	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
finished	O
praying	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
.	O


He	O
found	O
them	O
asleep	O
,	O
worn	O
out	O
from	O
their	O
grieving	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
sleeping	O
?	O


Get	O
up	O
and	O
pray	O
for	O
strength	O
against	O
temptation	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
Jesus	O
was	O
speaking	O
,	O
a	O
crowd	O
came	O
up	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
led	O
by	O
Judas	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
.	O


He	O
came	O
over	O
to	O
Jesus	O
to	O
kiss	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Judas	O
,	O
are	O
you	O
using	O
the	O
kiss	O
of	O
friendship	O
to	O
hand	O
over	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
to	O
his	O
enemies	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
of	O
Jesus	O
were	O
standing	O
there	O
too	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
what	O
was	O
happening	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
should	O
we	O
use	O
our	O
swords	O
?	O
''	O


And	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
did	O
use	O
his	O
sword	O
.	O


He	O
cut	O
off	O
the	O
right	O
ear	O
of	O
the	O
servant	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Stop	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
touched	O
the	O
servant	O
's	O
ear	O
and	O
healed	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
spoke	O
to	O
the	O
group	O
that	O
came	O
to	O
arrest	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
,	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Jewish	O
soldiers	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
did	O
you	O
come	O
out	O
here	O
with	O
swords	O
and	O
clubs	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
criminal	O
?	O


I	O
was	O
with	O
you	O
every	O
day	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


Why	O
did	O
n't	O
you	O
try	O
to	O
arrest	O
me	O
there	O
?	O


But	O
this	O
is	O
your	O
time	O
--	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
darkness	O
rules	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
arrested	O
Jesus	O
and	O
took	O
him	O
away	O
to	O
the	O
house	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
.	O


Peter	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
but	O
stayed	O
back	O
at	O
a	O
distance	O
.	O


The	O
soldiers	O
started	O
a	O
fire	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
yard	O
and	O
sat	O
together	O
.	O


Peter	O
sat	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


A	O
servant	O
girl	O
saw	O
him	O
sitting	O
there	O
.	O


She	O
could	O
see	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
light	O
from	O
the	O
fire	O
.	O


She	O
looked	O
closely	O
at	O
Peter	O
's	O
face	O
.	O


Then	O
she	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
man	O
was	O
also	O
with	O
Jesus	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Peter	O
said	O
this	O
was	O
not	O
true	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lady	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


A	O
short	O
time	O
later	O
,	O
someone	O
else	O
saw	O
Peter	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
also	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Peter	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Man	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
!	O
''	O


About	O
an	O
hour	O
later	O
,	O
another	O
man	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
's	O
true	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
sure	O
this	O
man	O
was	O
with	O
him	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
is	O
from	O
Galilee	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Peter	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Man	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
talking	O
about	O
!	O
''	O


Immediately	O
,	O
while	O
he	O
was	O
still	O
speaking	O
,	O
a	O
rooster	O
crowed	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
Lord	O
turned	O
and	O
looked	O
into	O
Peter	O
's	O
eyes	O
.	O


And	O
Peter	O
remembered	O
what	O
the	O
Lord	O
had	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Before	O
the	O
rooster	O
crows	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
say	O
three	O
times	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Peter	O
went	O
outside	O
and	O
cried	O
bitterly	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
guarding	O
Jesus	O
made	O
fun	O
of	O
him	O
and	O
beat	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
covered	O
his	O
eyes	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
not	O
see	O
them	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
hit	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
a	O
prophet	O
and	O
tell	O
us	O
who	O
hit	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


And	O
they	O
shouted	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
insults	O
at	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
morning	O
,	O
the	O
older	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
came	O
together	O
.	O


They	O
led	O
Jesus	O
away	O
to	O
their	O
high	O
council	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
Christ	O
,	O
then	O
tell	O
us	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
Christ	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
believe	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
I	O
ask	O
you	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
answer	O
.	O


But	O
beginning	O
now	O
,	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
will	O
sit	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
side	O
of	O
God	O
All	O
-	O
Powerful	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
all	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Then	O
are	O
you	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
right	O
in	O
saying	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
do	O
we	O
need	O
witnesses	O
now	O
?	O


We	O
all	O
heard	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
whole	O
group	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
led	O
Jesus	O
away	O
to	O
Pilate	O
.	O


They	O
began	O
to	O
accuse	O
Jesus	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
Pilate	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
caught	O
this	O
man	O
trying	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
thinking	O
of	O
our	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
we	O
should	O
not	O
pay	O
taxes	O
to	O
Caesar	O
.	O


He	O
calls	O
himself	O
the	O
Christ	O
,	O
a	O
king	O
.	O
''	O


Pilate	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Are	O
you	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
what	O
you	O
say	O
is	O
true	O
.	O
''	O


Pilate	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
``	O


I	O
find	O
nothing	O
wrong	O
with	O
this	O
man	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
they	O
kept	O
on	O
saying	O
,	O
``	O
His	O
teaching	O
is	O
causing	O
trouble	O
all	O
over	O
Judea	O
.	O


He	O
began	O
in	O
Galilee	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
he	O
is	O
here	O
!	O
''	O


Pilate	O
heard	O
this	O
and	O
asked	O
if	O
Jesus	O
was	O
from	O
Galilee	O
.	O


He	O
learned	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
under	O
Herod	O
's	O
authority	O
.	O


Herod	O
was	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
so	O
Pilate	O
sent	O
Jesus	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


When	O
Herod	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
very	O
happy	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
heard	O
all	O
about	O
him	O
and	O
had	O
wanted	O
to	O
meet	O
him	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


Herod	O
wanted	O
to	O
see	O
a	O
miracle	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
was	O
hoping	O
that	O
Jesus	O
would	O
do	O
one	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
him	O
many	O
questions	O
,	O
but	O
Jesus	O
said	O
nothing	O
.	O


The	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
were	O
standing	O
there	O
shouting	O
things	O
against	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Then	O
Herod	O
and	O
his	O
soldiers	O
laughed	O
at	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
made	O
fun	O
of	O
him	O
by	O
dressing	O
him	O
in	O
clothes	O
like	O
kings	O
wear	O
.	O


Then	O
Herod	O
sent	O
him	O
back	O
to	O
Pilate	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
Pilate	O
and	O
Herod	O
had	O
always	O
been	O
enemies	O
.	O


But	O
on	O
that	O
day	O
they	O
became	O
friends	O
.	O


Pilate	O
called	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
brought	O
this	O
man	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
trying	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
judged	O
him	O
before	O
you	O
all	O
and	O
have	O
not	O
found	O
him	O
guilty	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
say	O
he	O
has	O
done	O
.	O


Herod	O
did	O
n't	O
find	O
him	O
guilty	O
either	O
.	O


He	O
sent	O
him	O
back	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


Look	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
done	O
nothing	O
bad	O
enough	O
for	O
the	O
death	O
penalty	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
after	O
I	O
punish	O
him	O
a	O
little	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
let	O
him	O
go	O
free	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
they	O
all	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
Kill	O
him	O
!	O


Let	O
Barabbas	O
go	O
free	O
!	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
Barabbas	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
was	O
in	O
jail	O
for	O
starting	O
a	O
riot	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
and	O
for	O
murder	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Pilate	O
wanted	O
to	O
let	O
Jesus	O
go	O
free	O
.	O


So	O
again	O
Pilate	O
told	O
them	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
let	O
him	O
go	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
shouted	O
again	O
,	O
``	O
Kill	O
him	O
!	O


Kill	O
him	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
!	O
''	O


A	O
third	O
time	O
Pilate	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
?	O


What	O
wrong	O
has	O
he	O
done	O
?	O


He	O
is	O
not	O
guilty	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
find	O
no	O
reason	O
to	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
will	O
let	O
him	O
go	O
free	O
after	O
I	O
punish	O
him	O
a	O
little	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
people	O
continued	O
to	O
shout	O
.	O


They	O
demanded	O
that	O
Jesus	O
be	O
killed	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O


Their	O
shouting	O
got	O
so	O
loud	O
that	O
Pilate	O
decided	O
to	O
give	O
them	O
what	O
they	O
wanted	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
Barabbas	O
to	O
go	O
free	O
--	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
in	O
jail	O
for	O
starting	O
a	O
riot	O
and	O
for	O
murder	O
.	O


Pilate	O
let	O
Barabbas	O
go	O
free	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
handed	O
Jesus	O
over	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
people	O
wanted	O
.	O


The	O
soldiers	O
led	O
Jesus	O
away	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
same	O
time	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
from	O
Cyrene	O
named	O
Simon	O
coming	O
into	O
the	O
city	O
from	O
the	O
fields	O
.	O


The	O
soldiers	O
forced	O
him	O
to	O
carry	O
Jesus	O
'	O
cross	O
and	O
walk	O
behind	O
him	O
.	O


A	O
large	O
crowd	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
women	O
were	O
sad	O
and	O
crying	O
.	O


They	O
felt	O
sorry	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
turned	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
women	O
,	O
``	O
Women	O
of	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
cry	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


Cry	O
for	O
yourselves	O
and	O
for	O
your	O
children	O
too	O
.	O


The	O
time	O
is	O
coming	O
when	O
people	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
women	O
who	O
can	O
not	O
have	O
babies	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
God	O
has	O
blessed	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
really	O
a	O
blessing	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
no	O
children	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
.	O
'	O


Then	O
the	O
people	O
will	O
say	O
to	O
the	O
mountains	O
,	O
'	O
Fall	O
on	O
us	O
!	O
'	O


They	O
will	O
say	O
to	O
the	O
hills	O
,	O
'	O
Cover	O
us	O
!	O
'	O


If	O
this	O
can	O
happen	O
to	O
someone	O
who	O
is	O
good	O
,	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
guilty	O
?	O
''	O


There	O
were	O
also	O
two	O
criminals	O
led	O
out	O
with	O
Jesus	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
called	O
``	O
The	O
Skull	O
.	O
''	O


There	O
the	O
soldiers	O
nailed	O
Jesus	O
to	O
the	O
cross	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
nailed	O
the	O
criminals	O
to	O
crosses	O
beside	O
Jesus	O
--	O
one	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
on	O
the	O
left	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Father	O
,	O
forgive	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
doing	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
soldiers	O
threw	O
dice	O
to	O
divide	O
Jesus	O
'	O
clothes	O
between	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
stood	O
there	O
watching	O
everything	O
.	O


The	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
laughed	O
at	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
he	O
is	O
God	O
's	O
Chosen	O
One	O
,	O
the	O
Christ	O
,	O
then	O
let	O
him	O
save	O
himself	O
.	O


He	O
saved	O
others	O
,	O
did	O
n't	O
he	O
?	O
''	O


Even	O
the	O
soldiers	O
laughed	O
at	O
Jesus	O
and	O
made	O
fun	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
and	O
offered	O
him	O
some	O
sour	O
wine	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
,	O
save	O
yourself	O
!	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
At	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
cross	O
these	O
words	O
were	O
written	O
:	O
``	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
the	O
jews	O
.	O
''	O
-RRB-	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
criminals	O
hanging	O
there	O
began	O
to	O
shout	O
insults	O
at	O
Jesus	O
:	O
``	O
Are	O
n't	O
you	O
the	O
Christ	O
?	O


Then	O
save	O
yourself	O
,	O
and	O
save	O
us	O
too	O
!	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
other	O
criminal	O
stopped	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
should	O
fear	O
God	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
us	O
will	O
die	O
soon	O
.	O


You	O
and	O
I	O
are	O
guilty	O
.	O


We	O
deserve	O
to	O
die	O
because	O
we	O
did	O
wrong	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
man	O
has	O
done	O
nothing	O
wrong	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Jesus	O
,	O
remember	O
me	O
when	O
you	O
begin	O
ruling	O
as	O
king	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
promise	O
you	O
,	O
today	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
me	O
in	O
paradise	O
.	O
''	O


It	O
was	O
about	O
noon	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
turned	O
dark	O
throughout	O
the	O
land	O
until	O
three	O
o'clock	O
in	O
the	O
afternoon	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
sun	O
stopped	O
shining	O
.	O


The	O
curtain	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
was	O
torn	O
into	O
two	O
pieces	O
.	O


Jesus	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
Father	O
,	O
I	O
put	O
my	O
life	O
in	O
your	O
hands	O
!	O
''	O


After	O
Jesus	O
said	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
died	O
.	O


The	O
army	O
officer	O
there	O
saw	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


He	O
praised	O
God	O
,	O
saying	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
know	O
this	O
man	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
man	O
!	O
''	O


Many	O
people	O
had	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
to	O
see	O
all	O
this	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
saw	O
it	O
,	O
they	O
felt	O
very	O
sorry	O
and	O
left	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
close	O
friends	O
of	O
Jesus	O
were	O
there	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
some	O
women	O
who	O
had	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
from	O
Galilee	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
stood	O
far	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
cross	O
and	O
watched	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


A	O
man	O
named	O
Joseph	O
was	O
there	O
from	O
the	O
Jewish	O
town	O
of	O
Arimathea	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
man	O
,	O
who	O
lived	O
the	O
way	O
God	O
wanted	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
waiting	O
for	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


Joseph	O
was	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Jewish	O
council	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
agree	O
when	O
the	O
other	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
decided	O
to	O
kill	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
to	O
Pilate	O
and	O
asked	O
for	O
the	O
body	O
of	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
took	O
the	O
body	O
down	O
from	O
the	O
cross	O
and	O
wrapped	O
it	O
in	O
cloth	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
put	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
tomb	O
that	O
was	O
dug	O
in	O
a	O
wall	O
of	O
rock	O
.	O


This	O
tomb	O
had	O
never	O
been	O
used	O
before	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
late	O
on	O
Preparation	O
day	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
sun	O
went	O
down	O
,	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
would	O
begin	O
.	O


The	O
women	O
who	O
had	O
come	O
from	O
Galilee	O
with	O
Jesus	O
followed	O
Joseph	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
the	O
tomb	O
.	O


Inside	O
they	O
saw	O
where	O
he	O
put	O
Jesus	O
'	O
body	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
left	O
to	O
prepare	O
some	O
sweet	O
-	O
smelling	O
spices	O
to	O
put	O
on	O
the	O
body	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
they	O
rested	O
,	O
as	O
commanded	O
in	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
.	O


Very	O
early	O
Sunday	O
morning	O
,	O
the	O
women	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
tomb	O
where	O
Jesus	O
'	O
body	O
was	O
laid	O
.	O


They	O
brought	O
the	O
sweet	O
-	O
smelling	O
spices	O
they	O
had	O
prepared	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
that	O
the	O
heavy	O
stone	O
that	O
covered	O
the	O
entrance	O
had	O
been	O
rolled	O
away	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
in	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
find	O
the	O
body	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
understand	O
this	O
.	O


While	O
they	O
were	O
wondering	O
about	O
it	O
,	O
two	O
men	O
in	O
shining	O
clothes	O
stood	O
beside	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
women	O
were	O
very	O
afraid	O
.	O


They	O
bowed	O
down	O
with	O
their	O
faces	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
living	O
person	O
here	O
?	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
place	O
for	O
dead	O
people	O
.	O


Jesus	O
is	O
not	O
here	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
risen	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
remember	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
in	O
Galilee	O
?	O


He	O
said	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
must	O
be	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
sinful	O
men	O
,	O
be	O
killed	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
,	O
and	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
on	O
the	O
third	O
day	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
women	O
remembered	O
what	O
Jesus	O
had	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
women	O
left	O
the	O
tomb	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
eleven	O
apostles	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
followers	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
them	O
everything	O
that	O
happened	O
at	O
the	O
tomb	O
.	O


These	O
women	O
were	O
Mary	O
Magdalene	O
,	O
Joanna	O
,	O
Mary	O
,	O
the	O
mother	O
of	O
James	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
others	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
the	O
apostles	O
everything	O
that	O
happened	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
apostles	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
what	O
they	O
said	O
.	O


It	O
sounded	O
like	O
nonsense	O
.	O


But	O
Peter	O
got	O
up	O
and	O
ran	O
to	O
the	O
tomb	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


He	O
looked	O
in	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
saw	O
only	O
the	O
cloth	O
that	O
Jesus	O
'	O
body	O
had	O
been	O
wrapped	O
in	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
just	O
lying	O
there	O
.	O


Peter	O
went	O
away	O
to	O
be	O
alone	O
,	O
wondering	O
what	O
had	O
happened	O
.	O


That	O
same	O
day	O
two	O
of	O
Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
a	O
town	O
named	O
Emmaus	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
about	O
seven	O
miles	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
talking	O
about	O
everything	O
that	O
had	O
happened	O
.	O


While	O
they	O
were	O
talking	O
,	O
discussing	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
Jesus	O
himself	O
came	O
near	O
and	O
walked	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
But	O
the	O
two	O
men	O
were	O
not	O
allowed	O
to	O
recognize	O
Jesus	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


He	O
asked	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
's	O
this	O
I	O
hear	O
you	O
discussing	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
as	O
you	O
walk	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
two	O
men	O
stopped	O
,	O
their	O
faces	O
looking	O
very	O
sad	O
.	O


The	O
one	O
named	O
Cleopas	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
must	O
be	O
the	O
only	O
person	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
who	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
has	O
just	O
happened	O
there	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
are	O
you	O
talking	O
about	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
's	O
about	O
Jesus	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
from	O
Nazareth	O
.	O


To	O
God	O
and	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
great	O
prophet	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
and	O
did	O
many	O
powerful	O
things	O
.	O


But	O
our	O
leaders	O
and	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
handed	O
him	O
over	O
to	O
be	O
judged	O
and	O
killed	O
.	O


They	O
nailed	O
him	O
to	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
hoping	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
one	O
to	O
free	O
Israel	O
.	O


But	O
then	O
all	O
this	O
happened	O
.	O


``	O
And	O
now	O
something	O
else	O
:	O
It	O
has	O
been	O
three	O
days	O
since	O
he	O
was	O
killed	O
,	O
but	O
today	O
some	O
of	O
our	O
women	O
told	O
us	O
an	O
amazing	O
thing	O
.	O


Early	O
this	O
morning	O
they	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
tomb	O
where	O
the	O
body	O
of	O
Jesus	O
was	O
laid	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
find	O
his	O
body	O
there	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
and	O
told	O
us	O
they	O
had	O
seen	O
some	O
angels	O
in	O
a	O
vision	O
.	O


The	O
angels	O
told	O
them	O
Jesus	O
was	O
alive	O
!	O


So	O
some	O
of	O
our	O
group	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
tomb	O
too	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
women	O
said	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
the	O
tomb	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
see	O
Jesus	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
two	O
men	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
foolish	O
and	O
slow	O
to	O
realize	O
what	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
believe	O
everything	O
the	O
prophets	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
prophets	O
said	O
the	O
Christ	O
must	O
suffer	O
these	O
things	O
before	O
he	O
begins	O
his	O
time	O
of	O
glory	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
began	O
to	O
explain	O
everything	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
written	O
about	O
himself	O
in	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
.	O


He	O
started	O
with	O
the	O
books	O
of	O
Moses	O
and	O
then	O
he	O
talked	O
about	O
what	O
the	O
prophets	O
had	O
said	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
near	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Emmaus	O
,	O
and	O
Jesus	O
acted	O
as	O
if	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
plan	O
to	O
stop	O
there	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
wanted	O
him	O
to	O
stay	O
.	O


They	O
begged	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Stay	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
almost	O
night	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
hardly	O
any	O
daylight	O
left	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
he	O
went	O
in	O
to	O
stay	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


Joining	O
them	O
at	O
the	O
supper	O
table	O
,	O
Jesus	O
took	O
some	O
bread	O
and	O
gave	O
thanks	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
broke	O
some	O
off	O
and	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Just	O
then	O
the	O
men	O
were	O
allowed	O
to	O
recognize	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
they	O
saw	O
who	O
he	O
was	O
,	O
he	O
disappeared	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
When	O
he	O
talked	O
to	O
us	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
,	O
it	O
felt	O
like	O
a	O
fire	O
burning	O
in	O
us	O
.	O


How	O
exciting	O
it	O
was	O
when	O
he	O
explained	O
to	O
us	O
the	O
true	O
meaning	O
of	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
!	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
two	O
men	O
got	O
up	O
then	O
and	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


There	O
they	O
found	O
the	O
followers	O
of	O
Jesus	O
meeting	O
together	O
.	O


The	O
eleven	O
apostles	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
with	O
them	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Lord	O
really	O
has	O
risen	O
from	O
death	O
!	O


He	O
appeared	O
to	O
Simon	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
two	O
men	O
told	O
what	O
had	O
happened	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


They	O
talked	O
about	O
how	O
they	O
recognized	O
Jesus	O
when	O
he	O
shared	O
the	O
bread	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
two	O
men	O
were	O
saying	O
these	O
things	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
followers	O
,	O
Jesus	O
himself	O
came	O
and	O
stood	O
among	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Peace	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
surprised	O
the	O
followers	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
afraid	O
.	O


They	O
thought	O
they	O
were	O
seeing	O
a	O
ghost	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
troubled	O
?	O


Why	O
do	O
you	O
doubt	O
what	O
you	O
see	O
?	O


Look	O
at	O
my	O
hands	O
and	O
my	O
feet	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
really	O
me	O
.	O


Touch	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
living	O
body	O
;	O
a	O
ghost	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
body	O
like	O
this	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
Jesus	O
told	O
them	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
showed	O
them	O
his	O
hands	O
and	O
his	O
feet	O
.	O


The	O
followers	O
were	O
amazed	O
and	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
happy	O
to	O
see	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
alive	O
.	O


They	O
still	O
could	O
not	O
believe	O
what	O
they	O
saw	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
have	O
any	O
food	O
here	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
gave	O
him	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
cooked	O
fish	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
followers	O
watched	O
,	O
he	O
took	O
the	O
fish	O
and	O
ate	O
it	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Remember	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
with	O
you	O
before	O
?	O


I	O
said	O
that	O
everything	O
written	O
about	O
me	O
must	O
happen	O
--	O
everything	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
,	O
the	O
books	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Psalms	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
helped	O
the	O
followers	O
understand	O
these	O
Scriptures	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
written	O
that	O
the	O
Christ	O
would	O
be	O
killed	O
and	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
on	O
the	O
third	O
day	O
.	O


You	O
saw	O
these	O
things	O
happen	O
--	O
you	O
are	O
witnesses	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
go	O
and	O
tell	O
people	O
that	O
they	O
must	O
change	O
and	O
turn	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
bring	O
them	O
his	O
forgiveness	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
start	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
and	O
tell	O
this	O
message	O
in	O
my	O
name	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
all	O
nations	O
.	O


Remember	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
send	O
you	O
the	O
one	O
my	O
Father	O
promised	O
.	O


Stay	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
until	O
you	O
are	O
given	O
that	O
power	O
from	O
heaven	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
led	O
his	O
followers	O
out	O
of	O
Jerusalem	O
almost	O
to	O
Bethany	O
.	O


He	O
raised	O
his	O
hands	O
and	O
blessed	O
his	O
followers	O
.	O


While	O
he	O
was	O
blessing	O
them	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
separated	O
from	O
them	O
and	O
carried	O
into	O
heaven	O
.	O


They	O
worshiped	O
him	O
and	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
very	O
happy	O
.	O


They	O
stayed	O
at	O
the	O
Temple	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
praising	O
God	O
.	O


Before	O
the	O
world	O
began	O
,	O
the	O
Word	O
was	O
there	O
.	O


The	O
Word	O
was	O
with	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Word	O
was	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
there	O
with	O
God	O
in	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


Everything	O
was	O
made	O
through	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
nothing	O
was	O
made	O
without	O
him	O
.	O


In	O
him	O
there	O
was	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
life	O
was	O
a	O
light	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
light	O
shines	O
in	O
the	O
darkness	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
darkness	O
has	O
not	O
defeated	O
it	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
named	O
John	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
sent	O
by	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
came	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
about	O
the	O
light	O
.	O


Through	O
him	O
all	O
people	O
could	O
hear	O
about	O
the	O
light	O
and	O
believe	O
.	O


John	O
was	O
not	O
the	O
light	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
came	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
about	O
the	O
light	O
.	O


The	O
true	O
light	O
was	O
coming	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
true	O
light	O
that	O
gives	O
light	O
to	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
Word	O
was	O
already	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
world	O
was	O
made	O
through	O
him	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
world	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
was	O
his	O
own	O
.	O


And	O
his	O
own	O
people	O
did	O
not	O
accept	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
people	O
did	O
accept	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
believed	O
in	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
gave	O
them	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
become	O
children	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
became	O
God	O
's	O
children	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
babies	O
are	O
usually	O
born	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
not	O
because	O
of	O
any	O
human	O
desire	O
or	O
plan	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
born	O
from	O
God	O
himself	O
.	O


The	O
Word	O
became	O
a	O
man	O
and	O
lived	O
among	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
saw	O
his	O
divine	O
greatness	O
--	O
the	O
greatness	O
that	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
only	O
Son	O
of	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


The	O
Word	O
was	O
full	O
of	O
grace	O
and	O
truth	O
.	O


John	O
told	O
people	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
loudly	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
I	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
when	O
I	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
coming	O
after	O
me	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
I	O
am	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
living	O
before	O
I	O
was	O
even	O
born	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Yes	O
,	O
the	O
Word	O
was	O
full	O
of	O
grace	O
and	O
truth	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
him	O
we	O
all	O
received	O
one	O
blessing	O
after	O
another	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
law	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
us	O
through	O
Moses	O
,	O
but	O
grace	O
and	O
truth	O
came	O
through	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
has	O
ever	O
seen	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
Son	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
shown	O
us	O
what	O
God	O
is	O
like	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
himself	O
God	O
and	O
is	O
very	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


The	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
sent	O
some	O
priests	O
and	O
Levites	O
to	O
John	O
to	O
ask	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
are	O
you	O
?	O
''	O


He	O
told	O
them	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


Without	O
any	O
hesitation	O
he	O
said	O
openly	O
and	O
plainly	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
asked	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Then	O
who	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


Are	O
you	O
Elijah	O
?	O
''	O


He	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
Elijah	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Are	O
you	O
the	O
Prophet	O
?	O
''	O


He	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
the	O
Prophet	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
they	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


Tell	O
us	O
about	O
yourself	O
.	O


Give	O
us	O
an	O
answer	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
sent	O
us	O
.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
say	O
about	O
yourself	O
?	O
''	O


John	O
told	O
them	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
the	O
prophet	O
Isaiah	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
voice	O
of	O
someone	O
shouting	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
:	O
'	O
Make	O
a	O
straight	O
road	O
ready	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


These	O
Jews	O
were	O
sent	O
from	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
John	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O


You	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
Elijah	O
or	O
the	O
Prophet	O
.	O


Then	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
baptize	O
people	O
?	O
''	O


John	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
baptize	O
people	O
with	O
water	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
someone	O
here	O
with	O
you	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
coming	O
later	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
good	O
enough	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
slave	O
who	O
unties	O
the	O
strings	O
on	O
his	O
sandals	O
.	O
''	O


These	O
things	O
all	O
happened	O
at	O
Bethany	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
Jordan	O
River	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
where	O
John	O
was	O
baptizing	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
John	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
coming	O
toward	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
,	O
the	O
Lamb	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
takes	O
away	O
the	O
sins	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
!	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
I	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
when	O
I	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
man	O
coming	O
after	O
me	O
who	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
I	O
am	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
living	O
even	O
before	O
I	O
was	O
born	O
.	O
'	O


I	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
who	O
he	O
was	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
came	O
baptizing	O
people	O
with	O
water	O
so	O
that	O
Israel	O
could	O
know	O
that	O
Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
John	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
also	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
who	O
the	O
Christ	O
was	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
to	O
baptize	O
with	O
water	O
told	O
me	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
will	O
see	O
the	O
Spirit	O
come	O
down	O
and	O
rest	O
on	O
a	O
man	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
will	O
baptize	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O
'	O


I	O
have	O
seen	O
this	O
happen	O
.	O


I	O
saw	O
the	O
Spirit	O
come	O
down	O
from	O
heaven	O
like	O
a	O
dove	O
and	O
rest	O
on	O
this	O
man	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
tell	O
people	O
:	O
'	O
He	O
is	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
John	O
was	O
there	O
again	O
and	O
had	O
two	O
of	O
his	O
followers	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
walking	O
by	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
,	O
the	O
Lamb	O
of	O
God	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
two	O
followers	O
heard	O
him	O
say	O
this	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Jesus	O
turned	O
and	O
saw	O
the	O
two	O
men	O
following	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Rabbi	O
,	O
where	O
are	O
you	O
staying	O
?	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
``	O
Rabbi	O
''	O
means	O
``	O
Teacher	O
.	O
''	O
-RRB-	O


He	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
with	O
me	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
two	O
men	O
went	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
he	O
was	O
staying	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
stayed	O
there	O
with	O
him	O
that	O
day	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
about	O
four	O
o'clock	O
.	O


These	O
men	O
followed	O
Jesus	O
after	O
they	O
had	O
heard	O
about	O
him	O
from	O
John	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
them	O
was	O
Andrew	O
,	O
the	O
brother	O
of	O
Simon	O
Peter	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
thing	O
Andrew	O
did	O
was	O
to	O
go	O
and	O
find	O
his	O
brother	O
Simon	O
.	O


Andrew	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
have	O
found	O
the	O
Messiah	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
``	O
Messiah	O
''	O
means	O
``	O
Christ	O
.	O
''	O


-RRB-	O
Then	O
Andrew	O
brought	O
Simon	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Jesus	O
looked	O
at	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
Simon	O
,	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
John	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
called	O
Cephas	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
``	O
Cephas	O
''	O
means	O
``	O
Peter	O
.	O
''	O


-RRB-	O
The	O
next	O
day	O
Jesus	O
decided	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Galilee	O
.	O


He	O
met	O
Philip	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Follow	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Philip	O
was	O
from	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Bethsaida	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
Andrew	O
and	O
Peter	O
.	O


Philip	O
found	O
Nathanael	O
and	O
told	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
have	O
found	O
the	O
man	O
that	O
Moses	O
wrote	O
about	O
in	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


The	O
prophets	O
wrote	O
about	O
him	O
too	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
Jesus	O
,	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Joseph	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
from	O
Nazareth	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Nathanael	O
said	O
to	O
Philip	O
,	O
``	O
Nazareth	O
!	O


Can	O
anything	O
good	O
come	O
from	O
Nazareth	O
?	O
''	O


Philip	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
and	O
see	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
saw	O
Nathanael	O
coming	O
toward	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
man	O
coming	O
is	O
a	O
true	O
Israelite	O
,	O
one	O
you	O
can	O
trust	O
.	O
''	O


Nathanael	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
do	O
you	O
know	O
me	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
saw	O
you	O
when	O
you	O
were	O
under	O
the	O
fig	O
tree	O
,	O
before	O
Philip	O
told	O
you	O
about	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Nathanael	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
the	O
King	O
of	O
Israel	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
believe	O
this	O
just	O
because	O
I	O
said	O
I	O
saw	O
you	O
under	O
the	O
fig	O
tree	O
?	O


You	O
will	O
see	O
much	O
greater	O
things	O
than	O
that	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Believe	O
me	O
when	O
I	O
say	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
all	O
see	O
heaven	O
open	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
see	O
'	O
angels	O
of	O
God	O
going	O
up	O
and	O
coming	O
down	O
'	O
on	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
.	O
''	O


Two	O
days	O
later	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
wedding	O
in	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Cana	O
in	O
Galilee	O
,	O
and	O
Jesus	O
'	O
mother	O
was	O
there	O
.	O


Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
were	O
also	O
invited	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
wedding	O
there	O
was	O
not	O
enough	O
wine	O
,	O
so	O
Jesus	O
'	O


mother	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
They	O
have	O
no	O
more	O
wine	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Dear	O
woman	O
,	O
why	O
are	O
you	O
telling	O
me	O
this	O
?	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
yet	O
time	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
begin	O
my	O
work	O
.	O
''	O


His	O
mother	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
servants	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
what	O
he	O
tells	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


There	O
were	O
six	O
large	O
stone	O
waterpots	O
there	O
that	O
were	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
Jews	O
in	O
their	O
washing	O
ceremonies	O
.	O


Each	O
one	O
held	O
about	O
20	O
or	O
30	O
gallons	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
servants	O
,	O
``	O
Fill	O
the	O
waterpots	O
with	O
water	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
they	O
filled	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
top	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Now	O
dip	O
out	O
some	O
water	O
and	O
take	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
man	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
the	O
feast	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
they	O
did	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
man	O
in	O
charge	O
tasted	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
water	O
had	O
become	O
wine	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
where	O
the	O
wine	O
had	O
come	O
from	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
servants	O
who	O
brought	O
the	O
water	O
knew	O
.	O


He	O
called	O
the	O
bridegroom	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
People	O
always	O
serve	O
the	O
best	O
wine	O
first	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
guests	O
are	O
drunk	O
,	O
they	O
serve	O
the	O
cheaper	O
wine	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
have	O
saved	O
the	O
best	O
wine	O
until	O
now	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
Jesus	O
did	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Cana	O
in	O
Galilee	O
.	O


By	O
this	O
he	O
showed	O
his	O
divine	O
greatness	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
believed	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Capernaum	O
.	O


His	O
mother	O
and	O
brothers	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
went	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
stayed	O
there	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
almost	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
Jewish	O
Passover	O
,	O
so	O
Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


There	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
he	O
saw	O
men	O
selling	O
cattle	O
,	O
sheep	O
,	O
and	O
doves	O
.	O


He	O
saw	O
others	O
sitting	O
at	O
tables	O
,	O
exchanging	O
and	O
trading	O
people	O
's	O
money	O
.	O


Jesus	O
made	O
a	O
whip	O
with	O
some	O
pieces	O
of	O
rope	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
forced	O
all	O
these	O
men	O
and	O
the	O
sheep	O
and	O
cattle	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


He	O
turned	O
over	O
the	O
tables	O
of	O
the	O
money	O
traders	O
and	O
scattered	O
their	O
money	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
selling	O
pigeons	O
,	O
``	O
Take	O
these	O
things	O
out	O
of	O
here	O
!	O


Do	O
n't	O
make	O
my	O
Father	O
's	O
house	O
a	O
place	O
for	O
buying	O
and	O
selling	O
!	O
''	O


When	O
this	O
happened	O
,	O
his	O
followers	O
remembered	O
what	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
:	O
``	O
My	O
strong	O
devotion	O
to	O
your	O
Temple	O
will	O
destroy	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
Jews	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Show	O
us	O
a	O
miracle	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


Prove	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
do	O
these	O
things	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Destroy	O
this	O
temple	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
build	O
it	O
again	O
in	O
three	O
days	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
People	O
worked	O
46	O
years	O
to	O
build	O
this	O
Temple	O
!	O


Do	O
you	O
really	O
believe	O
you	O
can	O
build	O
it	O
again	O
in	O
three	O
days	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
temple	O
Jesus	O
meant	O
was	O
his	O
own	O
body	O
.	O


After	O
he	O
was	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
his	O
followers	O
remembered	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
said	O
this	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
believed	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
believed	O
the	O
words	O
Jesus	O
said	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
for	O
the	O
Passover	O
festival	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
believed	O
in	O
him	O
because	O
they	O
saw	O
the	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
he	O
did	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
did	O
not	O
trust	O
them	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
knew	O
how	O
all	O
people	O
think	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
need	O
anyone	O
to	O
tell	O
him	O
what	O
a	O
person	O
was	O
like	O
.	O


He	O
already	O
knew	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
named	O
Nicodemus	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
an	O
important	O
Jewish	O
leader	O
.	O


One	O
night	O
he	O
came	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
teacher	O
sent	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
can	O
do	O
these	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
unless	O
they	O
have	O
God	O
's	O
help	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
assure	O
you	O
,	O
everyone	O
must	O
be	O
born	O
again	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
born	O
again	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O
''	O


Nicodemus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
can	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
is	O
already	O
old	O
be	O
born	O
again	O
?	O


Can	O
he	O
go	O
back	O
into	O
his	O
mother	O
's	O
womb	O
and	O
be	O
born	O
a	O
second	O
time	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Believe	O
me	O
when	O
I	O
say	O
that	O
everyone	O
must	O
be	O
born	O
from	O
water	O
and	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
born	O
from	O
water	O
and	O
the	O
Spirit	O
can	O
not	O
enter	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
life	O
people	O
get	O
from	O
their	O
human	O
parents	O
is	O
physical	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
new	O
life	O
that	O
the	O
Spirit	O
gives	O
a	O
person	O
is	O
spiritual	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
surprised	O
that	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
must	O
be	O
born	O
again	O
.	O
'	O


The	O
wind	O
blows	O
wherever	O
it	O
wants	O
to	O
.	O


You	O
hear	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
it	O
is	O
coming	O
from	O
or	O
where	O
it	O
is	O
going	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
everyone	O
who	O
is	O
born	O
from	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O
''	O


Nicodemus	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
is	O
all	O
this	O
possible	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
an	O
important	O
teacher	O
of	O
Israel	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
still	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
these	O
things	O
?	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
we	O
talk	O
about	O
what	O
we	O
know	O
.	O


We	O
tell	O
about	O
what	O
we	O
have	O
seen	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
accept	O
what	O
we	O
tell	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
about	O
things	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
do	O
not	O
believe	O
me	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
believe	O
me	O
if	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
about	O
heavenly	O
things	O
!	O


The	O
only	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
ever	O
gone	O
up	O
to	O
heaven	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
came	O
down	O
from	O
heaven	O
--	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
.	O


``	O
Moses	O
lifted	O
up	O
the	O
snake	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
be	O
lifted	O
up	O
too	O
.	O


Then	O
everyone	O
who	O
believes	O
in	O
him	O
can	O
have	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O
''	O


Yes	O
,	O
God	O
loved	O
the	O
world	O
so	O
much	O
that	O
he	O
gave	O
his	O
only	O
Son	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
everyone	O
who	O
believes	O
in	O
him	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
lost	O
but	O
have	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


God	O
sent	O
his	O
Son	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
send	O
him	O
to	O
judge	O
the	O
world	O
guilty	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
world	O
through	O
him	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
believe	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
Son	O
are	O
not	O
judged	O
guilty	O
.	O


But	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
believe	O
are	O
already	O
judged	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
have	O
not	O
believed	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
only	O
Son	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
judged	O
by	O
this	O
fact	O
:	O
The	O
light	O
has	O
come	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
light	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
darkness	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
doing	O
evil	O
things	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
does	O
evil	O
hates	O
the	O
light	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
not	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
light	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
light	O
will	O
show	O
all	O
the	O
bad	O
things	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
.	O


But	O
anyone	O
who	O
follows	O
the	O
true	O
way	O
comes	O
to	O
the	O
light	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
light	O
will	O
show	O
that	O
whatever	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
was	O
done	O
through	O
God	O
.	O


After	O
this	O
,	O
Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
Judea	O
.	O


There	O
he	O
stayed	O
with	O
his	O
followers	O
and	O
baptized	O
people	O
.	O


John	O
was	O
also	O
baptizing	O
people	O
in	O
Aenon	O
,	O
a	O
place	O
near	O
Salim	O
with	O
plenty	O
of	O
water	O
.	O


People	O
were	O
going	O
there	O
to	O
be	O
baptized	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
before	O
John	O
was	O
put	O
in	O
prison	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
John	O
's	O
followers	O
had	O
an	O
argument	O
with	O
another	O
Jew	O
about	O
religious	O
washing	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
came	O
to	O
John	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
remember	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
was	O
with	O
you	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
Jordan	O
River	O
?	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
you	O
were	O
telling	O
everyone	O
about	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
also	O
baptizing	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


John	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
A	O
person	O
can	O
receive	O
only	O
what	O
God	O
gives	O
.	O


You	O
yourselves	O
heard	O
me	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
only	O
the	O
one	O
God	O
sent	O
to	O
prepare	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
him	O
.	O
'	O


The	O
bride	O
always	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
bridegroom	O
.	O


The	O
friend	O
who	O
helps	O
the	O
bridegroom	O
just	O
waits	O
and	O
listens	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
happy	O
just	O
to	O
hear	O
the	O
bridegroom	O
talk	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
how	O
I	O
feel	O
now	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
so	O
happy	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
here	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
become	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
important	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
must	O
become	O
less	O
important	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
one	O
who	O
comes	O
from	O
above	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
all	O
others	O
.	O


The	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
from	O
the	O
earth	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


He	O
talks	O
about	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
on	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
comes	O
from	O
heaven	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
all	O
others	O
.	O


He	O
tells	O
what	O
he	O
has	O
seen	O
and	O
heard	O
,	O
but	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
accept	O
what	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Whoever	O
accepts	O
what	O
he	O
says	O
has	O
given	O
proof	O
that	O
God	O
speaks	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


God	O
sent	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
tells	O
people	O
what	O
God	O
says	O
.	O


God	O
gives	O
him	O
the	O
Spirit	O
fully	O
.	O


The	O
Father	O
loves	O
the	O
Son	O
and	O
has	O
given	O
him	O
power	O
over	O
everything	O
.	O


Whoever	O
believes	O
in	O
the	O
Son	O
has	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
obey	O
the	O
Son	O
will	O
never	O
have	O
that	O
life	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
not	O
get	O
away	O
from	O
God	O
's	O
anger	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
learned	O
that	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
had	O
heard	O
the	O
report	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
making	O
and	O
baptizing	O
more	O
followers	O
than	O
John	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
But	O
really	O
,	O
Jesus	O
himself	O
did	O
not	O
baptize	O
anyone	O
;	O
his	O
followers	O
baptized	O
people	O
for	O
him	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


So	O
he	O
left	O
Judea	O
and	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
Galilee	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
Galilee	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
Samaria	O
.	O


In	O
Samaria	O
Jesus	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
town	O
called	O
Sychar	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
near	O
the	O
field	O
that	O
Jacob	O
gave	O
to	O
his	O
son	O
Joseph	O
.	O


Jacob	O
's	O
well	O
was	O
there	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
tired	O
from	O
his	O
long	O
trip	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
sat	O
down	O
beside	O
the	O
well	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
about	O
noon	O
.	O


A	O
Samaritan	O
woman	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
well	O
to	O
get	O
some	O
water	O
,	O
and	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
Please	O
give	O
me	O
a	O
drink	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
happened	O
while	O
his	O
followers	O
were	O
in	O
town	O
buying	O
some	O
food	O
.	O


The	O
woman	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
surprised	O
that	O
you	O
ask	O
me	O
for	O
a	O
drink	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
a	O
Jew	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
Samaritan	O
woman	O
!	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
Jews	O
have	O
nothing	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
Samaritans	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
God	O
can	O
give	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
who	O
I	O
am	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
asked	O
you	O
for	O
a	O
drink	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
knew	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
have	O
asked	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
given	O
you	O
living	O
water	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
woman	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Sir	O
,	O
where	O
will	O
you	O
get	O
that	O
living	O
water	O
?	O


The	O
well	O
is	O
very	O
deep	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
nothing	O
to	O
get	O
water	O
with	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
greater	O
than	O
our	O
ancestor	O
Jacob	O
?	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
gave	O
us	O
this	O
well	O
.	O


He	O
drank	O
from	O
it	O
himself	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
sons	O
and	O
all	O
his	O
animals	O
drank	O
from	O
it	O
too	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Everyone	O
who	O
drinks	O
this	O
water	O
will	O
be	O
thirsty	O
again	O
.	O


But	O
anyone	O
who	O
drinks	O
the	O
water	O
I	O
give	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
thirsty	O
again	O
.	O


The	O
water	O
I	O
give	O
people	O
will	O
be	O
like	O
a	O
spring	O
flowing	O
inside	O
them	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
bring	O
them	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
woman	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Sir	O
,	O
give	O
me	O
this	O
water	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
thirsty	O
again	O
and	O
wo	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
here	O
to	O
get	O
more	O
water	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
told	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
get	O
your	O
husband	O
and	O
come	O
back	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
woman	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
I	O
have	O
no	O
husband	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
right	O
to	O
say	O
you	O
have	O
no	O
husband	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
because	O
,	O
although	O
you	O
have	O
had	O
five	O
husbands	O
,	O
the	O
man	O
you	O
live	O
with	O
now	O
is	O
not	O
your	O
husband	O
.	O


That	O
much	O
was	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
woman	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Sir	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
prophet	O
.	O


Our	O
fathers	O
worshiped	O
on	O
this	O
mountain	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
Jews	O
say	O
that	O
Jerusalem	O
is	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
people	O
must	O
worship	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Believe	O
me	O
,	O
woman	O
!	O


The	O
time	O
is	O
coming	O
when	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
or	O
on	O
this	O
mountain	O
to	O
worship	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


You	O
Samaritans	O
worship	O
something	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
.	O


We	O
Jews	O
understand	O
what	O
we	O
worship	O
,	O
since	O
salvation	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
Jews	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
time	O
is	O
coming	O
when	O
the	O
true	O
worshipers	O
will	O
worship	O
the	O
Father	O
in	O
spirit	O
and	O
truth	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
that	O
time	O
is	O
now	O
here	O
.	O


And	O
these	O
are	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
people	O
the	O
Father	O
wants	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
worshipers	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
spirit	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
worship	O
him	O
must	O
worship	O
in	O
spirit	O
and	O
truth	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
woman	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
Messiah	O
is	O
coming	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
Messiah	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
called	O
Christ	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


``	O
When	O
he	O
comes	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
explain	O
everything	O
to	O
us	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
is	O
talking	O
to	O
you	O
now	O
--	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
Messiah	O
.	O
''	O


Just	O
then	O
Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
came	O
back	O
from	O
town	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
surprised	O
because	O
they	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
talking	O
with	O
a	O
woman	O
.	O


But	O
none	O
of	O
them	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
?	O
''	O


or	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
talking	O
with	O
her	O
?	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
woman	O
left	O
her	O
water	O
jar	O
and	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
town	O
.	O


She	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
there	O
,	O
``	O
A	O
man	O
told	O
me	O
everything	O
I	O
have	O
ever	O
done	O
.	O


Come	O
see	O
him	O
.	O


Maybe	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
people	O
left	O
the	O
town	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
see	O
Jesus	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
woman	O
was	O
in	O
town	O
,	O
Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
were	O
begging	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
eat	O
something	O
!	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
have	O
food	O
to	O
eat	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
nothing	O
about	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
followers	O
asked	O
themselves	O
,	O
``	O
Did	O
someone	O
already	O
bring	O
him	O
some	O
food	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
food	O
is	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
wants	O
me	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


My	O
food	O
is	O
to	O
finish	O
the	O
work	O
that	O
he	O
gave	O
me	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
plant	O
,	O
you	O
always	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Four	O
more	O
months	O
to	O
wait	O
before	O
we	O
gather	O
the	O
grain	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
open	O
your	O
eyes	O
,	O
and	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
fields	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
ready	O
for	O
harvesting	O
now	O
.	O


Even	O
now	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
harvest	O
the	O
crop	O
are	O
being	O
paid	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
gathering	O
crops	O
for	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


So	O
now	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
plant	O
can	O
be	O
happy	O
together	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
harvest	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
true	O
when	O
we	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
One	O
person	O
plants	O
,	O
but	O
another	O
person	O
harvests	O
the	O
crop	O
.	O
'	O


I	O
sent	O
you	O
to	O
harvest	O
a	O
crop	O
that	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
work	O
for	O
.	O


Others	O
did	O
the	O
work	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
get	O
the	O
profit	O
from	O
their	O
work	O
.	O
''	O


Many	O
of	O
the	O
Samaritan	O
people	O
in	O
that	O
town	O
believed	O
in	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
believed	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
woman	O
had	O
told	O
them	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


She	O
had	O
told	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
told	O
me	O
everything	O
I	O
have	O
ever	O
done	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Samaritans	O
went	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
begged	O
him	O
to	O
stay	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
stayed	O
there	O
two	O
days	O
.	O


Many	O
more	O
people	O
became	O
believers	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
woman	O
,	O
``	O
First	O
we	O
believed	O
in	O
Jesus	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
you	O
told	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
we	O
believe	O
because	O
we	O
heard	O
him	O
ourselves	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
now	O
that	O
he	O
really	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
will	O
save	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
''	O


Two	O
days	O
later	O
Jesus	O
left	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
Galilee	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Jesus	O
had	O
said	O
before	O
that	O
a	O
prophet	O
is	O
not	O
respected	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
country	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


When	O
he	O
arrived	O
in	O
Galilee	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
there	O
welcomed	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
been	O
at	O
the	O
Passover	O
festival	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
and	O
had	O
seen	O
everything	O
he	O
did	O
there	O
.	O


Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
visit	O
Cana	O
in	O
Galilee	O
again	O
.	O


Cana	O
is	O
where	O
he	O
had	O
changed	O
the	O
water	O
into	O
wine	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
king	O
's	O
important	O
officials	O
lived	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Capernaum	O
.	O


This	O
man	O
's	O
son	O
was	O
sick	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
heard	O
that	O
Jesus	O
had	O
come	O
from	O
Judea	O
and	O
was	O
now	O
in	O
Galilee	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
begged	O
him	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
Capernaum	O
and	O
heal	O
his	O
son	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
almost	O
dead	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
people	O
must	O
see	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
and	O
wonders	O
before	O
you	O
will	O
believe	O
in	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
king	O
's	O
official	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Sir	O
,	O
come	O
before	O
my	O
little	O
son	O
dies	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
.	O


Your	O
son	O
will	O
live	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
man	O
believed	O
what	O
Jesus	O
told	O
him	O
and	O
went	O
home	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
way	O
home	O
the	O
man	O
's	O
servants	O
came	O
and	O
met	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Your	O
son	O
is	O
well	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
man	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
time	O
did	O
my	O
son	O
begin	O
to	O
get	O
well	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
was	O
about	O
one	O
o'clock	O
yesterday	O
when	O
the	O
fever	O
left	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
father	O
knew	O
that	O
one	O
o'clock	O
was	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
that	O
Jesus	O
had	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Your	O
son	O
will	O
live	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
man	O
and	O
everyone	O
in	O
his	O
house	O
believed	O
in	O
Jesus	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
the	O
second	O
miraculous	O
sign	O
that	O
Jesus	O
did	O
after	O
coming	O
from	O
Judea	O
to	O
Galilee	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
for	O
a	O
special	O
Jewish	O
festival	O
.	O


In	O
Jerusalem	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
pool	O
with	O
five	O
covered	O
porches	O
.	O


In	O
Aramaic	O
it	O
is	O
called	O
Bethzatha	O
.	O


This	O
pool	O
is	O
near	O
the	O
Sheep	O
Gate	O
.	O


Many	O
sick	O
people	O
were	O
lying	O
on	O
the	O
porches	O
beside	O
the	O
pool	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
blind	O
,	O
some	O
were	O
crippled	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
were	O
paralyzed	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
men	O
lying	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
sick	O
for	O
38	O
years	O
.	O


Jesus	O
saw	O
him	O
lying	O
there	O
and	O
knew	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
sick	O
for	O
a	O
very	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
asked	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
well	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
sick	O
man	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Sir	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
one	O
to	O
help	O
me	O
get	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
when	O
it	O
starts	O
moving	O
.	O


I	O
try	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
first	O
one	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
I	O
try	O
,	O
someone	O
else	O
always	O
goes	O
in	O
before	O
I	O
can	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Stand	O
up	O
!	O


Pick	O
up	O
your	O
mat	O
and	O
walk	O
.	O
''	O


Immediately	O
the	O
man	O
was	O
well	O
.	O


He	O
picked	O
up	O
his	O
mat	O
and	O
started	O
walking	O
.	O


The	O
day	O
all	O
this	O
happened	O
was	O
a	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O


So	O
some	O
Jews	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
healed	O
,	O
``	O


Today	O
is	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
against	O
our	O
law	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
carry	O
your	O
mat	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
he	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
man	O
who	O
made	O
me	O
well	O
told	O
me	O
,	O
'	O
Pick	O
up	O
your	O
mat	O
and	O
walk	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


They	O
asked	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
is	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
told	O
you	O
to	O
pick	O
up	O
your	O
mat	O
and	O
walk	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
healed	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
who	O
it	O
was	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
many	O
people	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
Jesus	O
had	O
left	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
Jesus	O
found	O
the	O
man	O
at	O
the	O
Temple	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
See	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
well	O
now	O
.	O


But	O
stop	O
sinning	O
or	O
something	O
worse	O
may	O
happen	O
to	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
man	O
left	O
and	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
Jews	O
who	O
questioned	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
them	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
made	O
him	O
well	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
doing	O
all	O
this	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O


So	O
these	O
Jews	O
began	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
him	O
stop	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
Father	O
never	O
stops	O
working	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
I	O
work	O
too	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
made	O
them	O
try	O
harder	O
to	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
First	O
this	O
man	O
was	O
breaking	O
the	O
law	O
about	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
God	O
is	O
his	O
Father	O
!	O


He	O
is	O
making	O
himself	O
equal	O
with	O
God	O
!	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
assure	O
you	O
that	O
the	O
Son	O
can	O
do	O
nothing	O
alone	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
only	O
what	O
he	O
sees	O
his	O
Father	O
doing	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
does	O
the	O
same	O
things	O
that	O
the	O
Father	O
does	O
.	O


The	O
Father	O
loves	O
the	O
Son	O
and	O
shows	O
him	O
everything	O
he	O
does	O
.	O


This	O
man	O
was	O
healed	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Father	O
will	O
show	O
the	O
Son	O
greater	O
things	O
than	O
this	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
all	O
be	O
amazed	O
.	O


The	O
Father	O
raises	O
the	O
dead	O
and	O
gives	O
them	O
life	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
Son	O
gives	O
life	O
to	O
those	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
.	O


``	O
Also	O
,	O
the	O
Father	O
judges	O
no	O
one	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
given	O
the	O
Son	O
power	O
to	O
do	O
all	O
the	O
judging	O
.	O


God	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
all	O
people	O
will	O
respect	O
the	O
Son	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
they	O
respect	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
respect	O
the	O
Son	O
does	O
not	O
respect	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
the	O
Son	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
assure	O
you	O
,	O
anyone	O
who	O
hears	O
what	O
I	O
say	O
and	O
believes	O
in	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
has	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
judged	O
guilty	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
already	O
left	O
death	O
and	O
have	O
entered	O
into	O
life	O
.	O


Believe	O
me	O
,	O
an	O
important	O
time	O
is	O
coming	O
.	O


That	O
time	O
is	O
already	O
here	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
are	O
dead	O
will	O
hear	O
the	O
voice	O
of	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
those	O
who	O
listen	O
will	O
live	O
.	O


Life	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
Father	O
himself	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
Father	O
has	O
also	O
allowed	O
the	O
Son	O
to	O
give	O
life	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Father	O
has	O
given	O
him	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
judge	O
all	O
people	O
because	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
.	O


``	O
Do	O
n't	O
be	O
surprised	O
at	O
this	O
.	O


A	O
time	O
is	O
coming	O
when	O
all	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
dead	O
and	O
in	O
their	O
graves	O
will	O
hear	O
his	O
voice	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
will	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
their	O
graves	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
did	O
good	O
in	O
this	O
life	O
will	O
rise	O
and	O
have	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
evil	O
will	O
rise	O
to	O
be	O
judged	O
guilty	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
can	O
do	O
nothing	O
alone	O
.	O


I	O
judge	O
only	O
the	O
way	O
I	O
am	O
told	O
.	O


And	O
my	O
judgment	O
is	O
right	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
trying	O
to	O
please	O
myself	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
only	O
to	O
please	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
I	O
tell	O
people	O
about	O
myself	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
sure	O
that	O
what	O
I	O
say	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
someone	O
else	O
who	O
tells	O
people	O
about	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
what	O
he	O
says	O
about	O
me	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
sent	O
men	O
to	O
John	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
told	O
you	O
what	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
anyone	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
about	O
me	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
remind	O
you	O
of	O
what	O
John	O
said	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
saved	O
.	O


John	O
was	O
like	O
a	O
lamp	O
that	O
burned	O
and	O
gave	O
light	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
were	O
happy	O
to	O
enjoy	O
his	O
light	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
proof	O
about	O
myself	O
that	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
anything	O
John	O
said	O
.	O


The	O
things	O
I	O
do	O
are	O
my	O
proof	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
what	O
my	O
Father	O
gave	O
me	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


They	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
Father	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Father	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
has	O
given	O
proof	O
about	O
me	O
himself	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
have	O
never	O
heard	O
his	O
voice	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
never	O
seen	O
what	O
he	O
looks	O
like	O
.	O


The	O
Father	O
's	O
teaching	O
does	O
not	O
live	O
in	O
you	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
in	O
the	O
one	O
the	O
Father	O
sent	O
.	O


You	O
carefully	O
study	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
.	O


You	O
think	O
that	O
they	O
give	O
you	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


These	O
same	O
Scriptures	O
tell	O
about	O
me	O
!	O


But	O
you	O
refuse	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
me	O
to	O
have	O
that	O
life	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
praise	O
from	O
you	O
or	O
any	O
other	O
human	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
know	O
you	O
--	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
no	O
love	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
come	O
from	O
my	O
Father	O
and	O
speak	O
for	O
him	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
accept	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
other	O
people	O
come	O
speaking	O
only	O
for	O
themselves	O
,	O
you	O
accept	O
them	O
.	O


You	O
like	O
to	O
have	O
praise	O
from	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
never	O
try	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
praise	O
that	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
only	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
can	O
you	O
believe	O
?	O


Do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
one	O
to	O
stand	O
before	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
accuse	O
you	O
.	O


Moses	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
to	O
accuse	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
you	O
hoped	O
would	O
save	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
really	O
believed	O
Moses	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
believe	O
me	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
wrote	O
about	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
what	O
he	O
wrote	O
,	O
so	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
believe	O
what	O
I	O
say	O
.	O
''	O


Later	O
,	O
Jesus	O
went	O
across	O
Lake	O
Galilee	O
-LRB-	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Lake	O
Tiberias	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


A	O
great	O
crowd	O
of	O
people	O
followed	O
him	O
because	O
they	O
saw	O
the	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
he	O
did	O
in	O
healing	O
the	O
sick	O
.	O


Jesus	O
went	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
hill	O
and	O
sat	O
there	O
with	O
his	O
followers	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
almost	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
Jewish	O
Passover	O
festival	O
.	O


Jesus	O
looked	O
up	O
and	O
saw	O
a	O
crowd	O
of	O
people	O
coming	O
toward	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
Philip	O
,	O
``	O
Where	O
can	O
we	O
buy	O
enough	O
bread	O
for	O
all	O
these	O
people	O
to	O
eat	O
?	O
''	O


He	O
asked	O
Philip	O
this	O
question	O
to	O
test	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
already	O
knew	O
what	O
he	O
planned	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Philip	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
would	O
all	O
have	O
to	O
work	O
a	O
month	O
to	O
buy	O
enough	O
bread	O
for	O
each	O
person	O
here	O
to	O
have	O
only	O
a	O
little	O
piece	O
!	O
''	O


Another	O
follower	O
there	O
was	O
Andrew	O
,	O
the	O
brother	O
of	O
Simon	O
Peter	O
.	O


Andrew	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Here	O
is	O
a	O
boy	O
with	O
five	O
loaves	O
of	O
barley	O
bread	O
and	O
two	O
little	O
fish	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
enough	O
for	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Tell	O
everyone	O
to	O
sit	O
down	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
was	O
a	O
place	O
with	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
grass	O
,	O
and	O
about	O
5000	O
men	O
sat	O
down	O
there	O
.	O


Jesus	O
took	O
the	O
loaves	O
of	O
bread	O
and	O
gave	O
thanks	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
gave	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
waiting	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
the	O
fish	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
them	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
they	O
wanted	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
had	O
plenty	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
finished	O
,	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
Gather	O
the	O
pieces	O
of	O
fish	O
and	O
bread	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
eaten	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
waste	O
anything	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
they	O
gathered	O
up	O
the	O
pieces	O
that	O
were	O
left	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
had	O
started	O
eating	O
with	O
only	O
five	O
loaves	O
of	O
barley	O
bread	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
followers	O
filled	O
twelve	O
large	O
baskets	O
with	O
the	O
pieces	O
of	O
food	O
that	O
were	O
left	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
saw	O
this	O
miraculous	O
sign	O
that	O
Jesus	O
did	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
must	O
be	O
the	O
Prophet	O
who	O
is	O
coming	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
knew	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
planned	O
to	O
come	O
get	O
him	O
and	O
make	O
him	O
their	O
king	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
left	O
and	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
hills	O
alone	O
.	O


That	O
evening	O
Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
went	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
dark	O
now	O
,	O
and	O
Jesus	O
had	O
not	O
yet	O
come	O
back	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
got	O
into	O
a	O
boat	O
and	O
started	O
going	O
across	O
the	O
lake	O
to	O
Capernaum	O
.	O


The	O
wind	O
was	O
blowing	O
very	O
hard	O
.	O


The	O
waves	O
on	O
the	O
lake	O
were	O
becoming	O
bigger	O
.	O


They	O
rowed	O
the	O
boat	O
about	O
three	O
or	O
four	O
miles	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
walking	O
on	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
coming	O
to	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
afraid	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
he	O
said	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
glad	O
to	O
take	O
him	O
into	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
the	O
boat	O
reached	O
the	O
shore	O
at	O
the	O
place	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
came	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
had	O
stayed	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


They	O
knew	O
that	O
Jesus	O
did	O
not	O
go	O
with	O
his	O
followers	O
in	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


They	O
knew	O
that	O
the	O
followers	O
had	O
left	O
in	O
the	O
boat	O
alone	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
knew	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
boat	O
that	O
was	O
there	O
.	O


But	O
then	O
some	O
boats	O
from	O
Tiberias	O
came	O
and	O
landed	O
near	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
the	O
people	O
had	O
eaten	O
the	O
day	O
before	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
where	O
they	O
had	O
eaten	O
the	O
bread	O
after	O
the	O
Lord	O
gave	O
thanks	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
saw	O
that	O
Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
were	O
not	O
there	O
now	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
got	O
into	O
the	O
boats	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
Capernaum	O
to	O
find	O
Jesus	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
found	O
Jesus	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
lake	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
when	O
did	O
you	O
come	O
here	O
?	O
''	O


He	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
looking	O
for	O
me	O
?	O


Is	O
it	O
because	O
you	O
saw	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
?	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
looking	O
for	O
me	O
because	O
you	O
ate	O
the	O
bread	O
and	O
were	O
satisfied	O
.	O


But	O
earthly	O
food	O
spoils	O
and	O
ruins	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
n't	O
work	O
to	O
get	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
food	O
.	O


But	O
work	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
food	O
that	O
stays	O
good	O
and	O
gives	O
you	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
that	O
food	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
qualified	O
by	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
to	O
give	O
it	O
to	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
does	O
God	O
want	O
us	O
to	O
do	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
work	O
God	O
wants	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
this	O
:	O
to	O
believe	O
in	O
the	O
one	O
he	O
sent	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
people	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
miraculous	O
sign	O
will	O
you	O
do	O
for	O
us	O
?	O


If	O
we	O
can	O
see	O
you	O
do	O
a	O
miracle	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
will	O
believe	O
you	O
.	O


What	O
will	O
you	O
do	O
?	O


Our	O
ancestors	O
were	O
given	O
manna	O
to	O
eat	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
He	O
gave	O
them	O
bread	O
from	O
heaven	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
can	O
assure	O
you	O
that	O
Moses	O
was	O
not	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
gave	O
your	O
people	O
bread	O
from	O
heaven	O
.	O


But	O
my	O
Father	O
gives	O
you	O
the	O
true	O
bread	O
from	O
heaven	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
bread	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
comes	O
down	O
from	O
heaven	O
and	O
gives	O
life	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Sir	O
,	O
from	O
now	O
on	O
give	O
us	O
bread	O
like	O
that	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
bread	O
that	O
gives	O
life	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
who	O
comes	O
to	O
me	O
will	O
ever	O
be	O
hungry	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
who	O
believes	O
in	O
me	O
will	O
ever	O
be	O
thirsty	O
.	O


I	O
told	O
you	O
before	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
seen	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
still	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
.	O


The	O
Father	O
gives	O
me	O
my	O
people	O
.	O


Every	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
always	O
accept	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
came	O
down	O
from	O
heaven	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
,	O
not	O
what	O
I	O
want	O
.	O


I	O
must	O
not	O
lose	O
anyone	O
God	O
has	O
given	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
must	O
raise	O
them	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
last	O
day	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
wants	O
me	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
sees	O
the	O
Son	O
and	O
believes	O
in	O
him	O
has	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
raise	O
them	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
last	O
day	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
my	O
Father	O
wants	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
Jews	O
began	O
to	O
complain	O
about	O
Jesus	O
because	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
bread	O
that	O
comes	O
down	O
from	O
heaven	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
is	O
Jesus	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
his	O
father	O
and	O
mother	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
only	O
Joseph	O
's	O
son	O
.	O


How	O
can	O
he	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
came	O
down	O
from	O
heaven	O
'	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Stop	O
complaining	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


The	O
Father	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
brings	O
people	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
raise	O
them	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
last	O
day	O
.	O


Anyone	O
the	O
Father	O
does	O
not	O
bring	O
to	O
me	O
can	O
not	O
come	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
prophets	O
:	O
'	O
God	O
will	O
teach	O
them	O
all	O
.	O
'	O


People	O
listen	O
to	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
learn	O
from	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
come	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
mean	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
anyone	O
who	O
has	O
seen	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
ever	O
seen	O
the	O
Father	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
came	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
seen	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
can	O
assure	O
you	O
that	O
anyone	O
who	O
believes	O
has	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
bread	O
that	O
gives	O
life	O
.	O


Your	O
ancestors	O
ate	O
the	O
manna	O
God	O
gave	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
keep	O
them	O
from	O
dying	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
the	O
bread	O
that	O
comes	O
down	O
from	O
heaven	O
.	O


Whoever	O
eats	O
this	O
bread	O
will	O
never	O
die	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
living	O
bread	O
that	O
came	O
down	O
from	O
heaven	O
.	O


Whoever	O
eats	O
this	O
bread	O
will	O
live	O
forever	O
.	O


This	O
bread	O
is	O
my	O
body	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
give	O
my	O
body	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
can	O
have	O
life	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
Jews	O
began	O
to	O
argue	O
among	O
themselves	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
can	O
this	O
man	O
give	O
us	O
his	O
body	O
to	O
eat	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Believe	O
me	O
when	O
I	O
say	O
that	O
you	O
must	O
eat	O
the	O
body	O
of	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
must	O
drink	O
his	O
blood	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
no	O
real	O
life	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
eat	O
my	O
body	O
and	O
drink	O
my	O
blood	O
have	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
raise	O
them	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
last	O
day	O
.	O


My	O
body	O
is	O
true	O
food	O
,	O
and	O
my	O
blood	O
is	O
true	O
drink	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
eat	O
my	O
body	O
and	O
drink	O
my	O
blood	O
live	O
in	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
live	O
in	O
them	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
Father	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O


He	O
lives	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
live	O
because	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
everyone	O
who	O
eats	O
me	O
will	O
live	O
because	O
of	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
like	O
the	O
bread	O
that	O
your	O
ancestors	O
ate	O
.	O


They	O
ate	O
that	O
bread	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
still	O
died	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
bread	O
that	O
came	O
down	O
from	O
heaven	O
.	O


Whoever	O
eats	O
this	O
bread	O
will	O
live	O
forever	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
all	O
this	O
while	O
he	O
was	O
teaching	O
in	O
the	O
synagogue	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Capernaum	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
teaching	O
is	O
hard	O
.	O


Who	O
can	O
accept	O
it	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
already	O
knew	O
that	O
his	O
followers	O
were	O
complaining	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Is	O
this	O
teaching	O
a	O
problem	O
for	O
you	O
?	O


Then	O
what	O
will	O
you	O
think	O
when	O
you	O
see	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
going	O
up	O
to	O
where	O
he	O
came	O
from	O
?	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
Spirit	O
that	O
gives	O
life	O
.	O


The	O
body	O
is	O
of	O
no	O
value	O
for	O
that	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
things	O
I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
are	O
from	O
the	O
Spirit	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
give	O
life	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
of	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
Jesus	O
knew	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
.	O


He	O
knew	O
this	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
knew	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
would	O
hand	O
him	O
over	O
to	O
his	O
enemies	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
That	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Anyone	O
the	O
Father	O
does	O
not	O
help	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
me	O
can	O
not	O
come	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


After	O
Jesus	O
said	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
his	O
followers	O
left	O
and	O
stopped	O
following	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
asked	O
the	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
leave	O
too	O
?	O
''	O


Simon	O
Peter	O
answered	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
where	O
would	O
we	O
go	O
?	O


You	O
have	O
the	O
words	O
that	O
give	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


We	O
believe	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
Holy	O
One	O
from	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
chose	O
all	O
twelve	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
is	O
a	O
devil	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
Judas	O
,	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Simon	O
Iscariot	O
.	O


Judas	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
,	O
but	O
later	O
he	O
would	O
hand	O
Jesus	O
over	O
to	O
his	O
enemies	O
.	O


After	O
this	O
,	O
Jesus	O
traveled	O
around	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
Galilee	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
travel	O
in	O
Judea	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
there	O
wanted	O
to	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
Jewish	O
Festival	O
of	O
Shelters	O
.	O


So	O
his	O
brothers	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
should	O
leave	O
here	O
and	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
festival	O
in	O
Judea	O
.	O


Then	O
your	O
followers	O
there	O
can	O
see	O
the	O
miracles	O
you	O
do	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
well	O
known	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
not	O
hide	O
what	O
you	O
do	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
can	O
do	O
such	O
amazing	O
things	O
,	O
let	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
see	O
you	O
do	O
them	O
.	O


Let	O
them	O
see	O
these	O
things	O
you	O
do	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
'	O
brothers	O
said	O
this	O
because	O
even	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
right	O
time	O
for	O
me	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
come	O
,	O
but	O
any	O
time	O
is	O
right	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


The	O
world	O
can	O
not	O
hate	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
world	O
hates	O
me	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
tell	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
evil	O
things	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
festival	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
not	O
go	O
now	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
for	O
me	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
come	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
Jesus	O
said	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
stayed	O
in	O
Galilee	O
.	O


So	O
his	O
brothers	O
left	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
festival	O
.	O


After	O
they	O
left	O
,	O
Jesus	O
went	O
too	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
let	O
people	O
see	O
him	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
festival	O
the	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
were	O
looking	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Where	O
is	O
that	O
man	O
?	O
''	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
large	O
group	O
of	O
people	O
there	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
talking	O
secretly	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
about	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
man	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
others	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
,	O
he	O
fools	O
the	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
no	O
one	O
was	O
brave	O
enough	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
him	O
openly	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
afraid	O
of	O
the	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
festival	O
was	O
about	O
half	O
finished	O
,	O
Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
and	O
began	O
to	O
teach	O
.	O


The	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
were	O
amazed	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
did	O
this	O
man	O
learn	O
so	O
much	O
?	O


He	O
never	O
had	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
teaching	O
we	O
had	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
I	O
teach	O
is	O
not	O
my	O
own	O
.	O


My	O
teaching	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
my	O
teaching	O
comes	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
this	O
teaching	O
is	O
not	O
my	O
own	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
taught	O
my	O
own	O
ideas	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
just	O
be	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
honor	O
for	O
myself	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
I	O
am	O
trying	O
to	O
bring	O
honor	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
be	O
trusted	O
.	O


Anyone	O
doing	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
lie	O
.	O


Moses	O
gave	O
you	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


But	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
obey	O
that	O
law	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
,	O
then	O
why	O
are	O
you	O
trying	O
to	O
kill	O
me	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
A	O
demon	O
is	O
making	O
you	O
crazy	O
!	O


We	O
are	O
not	O
trying	O
to	O
kill	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
did	O
one	O
miracle	O
on	O
a	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
were	O
all	O
surprised	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
obey	O
the	O
law	O
Moses	O
gave	O
you	O
about	O
circumcision	O
--	O
and	O
sometimes	O
you	O
do	O
it	O
on	O
a	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Really	O
,	O
Moses	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
gave	O
you	O
circumcision	O
.	O


It	O
came	O
from	O
our	O
ancestors	O
who	O
lived	O
before	O
Moses	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Yes	O
,	O
you	O
often	O
circumcise	O
baby	O
boys	O
on	O
a	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
.	O


This	O
shows	O
that	O
someone	O
can	O
be	O
circumcised	O
on	O
a	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
to	O
obey	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
.	O


So	O
why	O
are	O
you	O
angry	O
with	O
me	O
for	O
healing	O
a	O
person	O
's	O
whole	O
body	O
on	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
?	O


Stop	O
judging	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
things	O
look	O
.	O


Be	O
fair	O
and	O
judge	O
by	O
what	O
is	O
really	O
right	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
lived	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
man	O
they	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
kill	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
is	O
teaching	O
where	O
everyone	O
can	O
see	O
and	O
hear	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
stop	O
him	O
from	O
teaching	O
.	O


Maybe	O
the	O
leaders	O
have	O
decided	O
that	O
he	O
really	O
is	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
real	O
Christ	O
comes	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
will	O
know	O
where	O
he	O
comes	O
from	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
know	O
where	O
this	O
man	O
's	O
home	O
is	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
was	O
still	O
teaching	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
when	O
he	O
said	O
loudly	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
really	O
know	O
me	O
and	O
where	O
I	O
am	O
from	O
?	O


I	O
am	O
here	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
by	O
my	O
own	O
decision	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
sent	O
by	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
very	O
real	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
him	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
him	O
because	O
I	O
am	O
from	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
said	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
tried	O
to	O
grab	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
no	O
one	O
was	O
able	O
even	O
to	O
touch	O
him	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
for	O
him	O
had	O
not	O
yet	O
come	O
.	O


But	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
believed	O
in	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
Christ	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
comes	O
,	O
will	O
he	O
do	O
more	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
than	O
this	O
man	O
has	O
done	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
Pharisees	O
heard	O
what	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
saying	O
about	O
Jesus	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
sent	O
some	O
Temple	O
police	O
to	O
arrest	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
a	O
little	O
while	O
longer	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
will	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
look	O
for	O
me	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
find	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
come	O
where	O
I	O
am	O
.	O
''	O


These	O
Jews	O
said	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
Where	O
will	O
this	O
man	O
go	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
find	O
him	O
?	O


Will	O
he	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
Greek	O
cities	O
where	O
our	O
people	O
live	O
?	O


Will	O
he	O
teach	O
the	O
Greek	O
people	O
there	O
?	O


He	O
says	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
will	O
look	O
for	O
me	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
find	O
me	O
.	O
'	O


He	O
also	O
says	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
can	O
not	O
come	O
where	O
I	O
am	O
.	O
'	O


What	O
does	O
this	O
mean	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
last	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
festival	O
came	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
day	O
.	O


On	O
that	O
day	O
Jesus	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
said	O
loudly	O
,	O
``	O
Whoever	O
is	O
thirsty	O
may	O
come	O
to	O
me	O
and	O
drink	O
.	O


If	O
anyone	O
believes	O
in	O
me	O
,	O
rivers	O
of	O
living	O
water	O
will	O
flow	O
out	O
from	O
their	O
heart	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
had	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
given	O
to	O
people	O
,	O
because	O
Jesus	O
had	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
raised	O
to	O
glory	O
.	O


But	O
later	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
believed	O
in	O
Jesus	O
would	O
receive	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
people	O
heard	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
man	O
really	O
is	O
the	O
Prophet	O
.	O
''	O


Other	O
people	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
is	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
others	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Christ	O
will	O
not	O
come	O
from	O
Galilee	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
David	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
say	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
Bethlehem	O
,	O
the	O
town	O
where	O
David	O
lived	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
people	O
did	O
not	O
agree	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
about	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
wanted	O
to	O
arrest	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
no	O
one	O
tried	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
Temple	O
police	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
.	O


The	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
did	O
n't	O
you	O
bring	O
Jesus	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
Temple	O
police	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
have	O
never	O
heard	O
anyone	O
say	O
such	O
amazing	O
things	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
Pharisees	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
So	O
he	O
has	O
fooled	O
you	O
too	O
!	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
leaders	O
or	O
any	O
of	O
us	O
Pharisees	O
believing	O
in	O
him	O
,	O
do	O
you	O
?	O


But	O
those	O
people	O
out	O
there	O
know	O
nothing	O
about	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
under	O
God	O
's	O
curse	O
!	O
''	O


But	O
Nicodemus	O
was	O
there	O
in	O
that	O
group	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
had	O
gone	O
to	O
see	O
Jesus	O
before	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Our	O
law	O
will	O
not	O
let	O
us	O
judge	O
anyone	O
without	O
first	O
hearing	O
them	O
and	O
finding	O
out	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
must	O
be	O
from	O
Galilee	O
too	O
!	O


Study	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
find	O
nothing	O
about	O
a	O
prophet	O
coming	O
from	O
Galilee	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
they	O
all	O
left	O
and	O
went	O
home	O
.	O


Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
Mount	O
of	O
Olives	O
.	O


Early	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
he	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
all	O
came	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
sat	O
and	O
taught	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
brought	O
a	O
woman	O
they	O
had	O
caught	O
in	O
bed	O
with	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
was	O
not	O
her	O
husband	O
.	O


They	O
forced	O
her	O
to	O
stand	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Teacher	O
,	O
this	O
woman	O
was	O
caught	O
in	O
the	O
act	O
of	O
adultery	O
.	O


The	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
commands	O
us	O
to	O
stone	O
to	O
death	O
any	O
such	O
woman	O
.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
say	O
we	O
should	O
do	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
were	O
saying	O
this	O
to	O
trick	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
catch	O
him	O
saying	O
something	O
wrong	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
have	O
a	O
charge	O
against	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
stooped	O
down	O
and	O
started	O
writing	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
with	O
his	O
finger	O
.	O


The	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
continued	O
to	O
ask	O
him	O
their	O
question	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Anyone	O
here	O
who	O
has	O
never	O
sinned	O
should	O
throw	O
the	O
first	O
stone	O
at	O
her	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
stooped	O
down	O
again	O
and	O
wrote	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
began	O
to	O
leave	O
one	O
by	O
one	O
.	O


The	O
older	O
men	O
left	O
first	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
others	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
left	O
alone	O
with	O
the	O
woman	O
standing	O
there	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
looked	O
up	O
again	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
Where	O
did	O
they	O
all	O
go	O
?	O


Did	O
no	O
one	O
judge	O
you	O
guilty	O
?	O
''	O


She	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
one	O
,	O
sir	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
judge	O
you	O
either	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
go	O
now	O
,	O
but	O
do	O
n't	O
sin	O
again	O
.	O
''	O


Later	O
,	O
Jesus	O
talked	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
again	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Whoever	O
follows	O
me	O
will	O
never	O
live	O
in	O
darkness	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
light	O
that	O
gives	O
life	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
When	O
you	O
talk	O
about	O
yourself	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
these	O
things	O
are	O
true	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
accept	O
what	O
you	O
say	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
saying	O
these	O
things	O
about	O
myself	O
.	O


But	O
people	O
can	O
believe	O
what	O
I	O
say	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
know	O
where	O
I	O
came	O
from	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
know	O
where	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
I	O
came	O
from	O
or	O
where	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
.	O


You	O
judge	O
me	O
the	O
way	O
people	O
judge	O
other	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
judge	O
anyone	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
I	O
judge	O
,	O
my	O
judging	O
is	O
true	O
,	O
because	O
when	O
I	O
judge	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
alone	O
.	O


The	O
Father	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
is	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


Your	O
own	O
law	O
says	O
that	O
when	O
two	O
witnesses	O
say	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
accept	O
what	O
they	O
say	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
witnesses	O
who	O
speaks	O
about	O
myself	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Father	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
is	O
my	O
other	O
witness	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Where	O
is	O
your	O
father	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
me	O
or	O
my	O
Father	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
knew	O
me	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
know	O
my	O
Father	O
too	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
these	O
things	O
while	O
he	O
was	O
teaching	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
,	O
near	O
the	O
room	O
where	O
the	O
Temple	O
offerings	O
were	O
kept	O
.	O


But	O
no	O
one	O
arrested	O
him	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
for	O
him	O
had	O
not	O
yet	O
come	O
.	O


Again	O
,	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
leave	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
look	O
for	O
me	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
will	O
die	O
in	O
your	O
sin	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
not	O
come	O
where	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
asked	O
themselves	O
,	O
``	O
Will	O
he	O
kill	O
himself	O
?	O


Is	O
that	O
why	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
can	O
not	O
come	O
where	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
'	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
people	O
are	O
from	O
here	O
below	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
am	O
from	O
above	O
.	O


You	O
belong	O
to	O
this	O
world	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
belong	O
to	O
this	O
world	O
.	O


I	O
told	O
you	O
that	O
you	O
would	O
die	O
in	O
your	O
sins	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
that	O
I	O
AM	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
die	O
in	O
your	O
sins	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Then	O
who	O
are	O
you	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
what	O
I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
much	O
more	O
I	O
could	O
say	O
to	O
judge	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
tell	O
people	O
only	O
what	O
I	O
have	O
heard	O
from	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
speaks	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
understand	O
who	O
he	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
telling	O
them	O
about	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
will	O
lift	O
up	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
AM	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
whatever	O
I	O
do	O
is	O
not	O
by	O
my	O
own	O
authority	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
say	O
only	O
what	O
the	O
Father	O
has	O
taught	O
me	O
.	O


The	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
is	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
always	O
do	O
what	O
pleases	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
has	O
not	O
left	O
me	O
alone	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
he	O
was	O
saying	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
many	O
people	O
believed	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
Jews	O
who	O
believed	O
in	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
continue	O
to	O
accept	O
and	O
obey	O
my	O
teaching	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
really	O
my	O
followers	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
know	O
the	O
truth	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
truth	O
will	O
make	O
you	O
free	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
are	O
Abraham	O
's	O
descendants	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
have	O
never	O
been	O
slaves	O
.	O


So	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
say	O
that	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
free	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
everyone	O
who	O
sins	O
is	O
a	O
slave	O
--	O
a	O
slave	O
to	O
sin	O
.	O


A	O
slave	O
does	O
not	O
stay	O
with	O
a	O
family	O
forever	O
.	O


But	O
a	O
son	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
family	O
forever	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
the	O
Son	O
makes	O
you	O
free	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
really	O
free	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
you	O
are	O
Abraham	O
's	O
descendants	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
kill	O
me	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
accept	O
my	O
teaching	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
telling	O
you	O
what	O
my	O
Father	O
has	O
shown	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
do	O
what	O
your	O
father	O
has	O
told	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Our	O
father	O
is	O
Abraham	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
were	O
really	O
Abraham	O
's	O
descendants	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
do	O
what	O
Abraham	O
did	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
someone	O
who	O
has	O
told	O
you	O
the	O
truth	O
I	O
heard	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
kill	O
me	O
.	O


Abraham	O
did	O
nothing	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
are	O
doing	O
what	O
your	O
own	O
father	O
did	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
they	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
are	O
not	O
like	O
children	O
who	O
never	O
knew	O
who	O
their	O
father	O
was	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
our	O
Father	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
Father	O
we	O
have	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
God	O
were	O
really	O
your	O
Father	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
love	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
came	O
from	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
I	O
am	O
here	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
not	O
come	O
by	O
my	O
own	O
authority	O
.	O


God	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
the	O
things	O
I	O
say	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
accept	O
my	O
teaching	O
.	O


Your	O
father	O
is	O
the	O
devil	O
.	O


You	O
belong	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


You	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
he	O
wants	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
murderer	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
always	O
against	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
truth	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
lies	O
he	O
tells	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
the	O
devil	O
is	O
a	O
liar	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
lies	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
am	O
telling	O
you	O
the	O
truth	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
me	O
.	O


Can	O
any	O
of	O
you	O
prove	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
guilty	O
of	O
sin	O
?	O


If	O
I	O
tell	O
the	O
truth	O
,	O
why	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
believe	O
me	O
?	O


Whoever	O
belongs	O
to	O
God	O
accepts	O
what	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
accept	O
what	O
God	O
says	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
belong	O
to	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Jews	O
there	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
Samaritan	O
.	O


We	O
say	O
a	O
demon	O
is	O
making	O
you	O
crazy	O
!	O


Are	O
we	O
not	O
right	O
when	O
we	O
say	O
this	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
have	O
no	O
demon	O
in	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
give	O
honor	O
to	O
my	O
Father	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
give	O
no	O
honor	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
honor	O
for	O
myself	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
one	O
who	O
wants	O
this	O
honor	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
judge	O
.	O


I	O
promise	O
you	O
,	O
whoever	O
continues	O
to	O
obey	O
my	O
teaching	O
will	O
never	O
die	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Jews	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Now	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
demon	O
in	O
you	O
!	O


Even	O
Abraham	O
and	O
the	O
prophets	O
died	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Whoever	O
obeys	O
my	O
teaching	O
will	O
never	O
die	O
.	O
'	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
are	O
greater	O
than	O
our	O
father	O
Abraham	O
?	O


He	O
died	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
did	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


Who	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
are	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
I	O
give	O
honor	O
to	O
myself	O
,	O
that	O
honor	O
is	O
worth	O
nothing	O
.	O


The	O
one	O
who	O
gives	O
me	O
honor	O
is	O
my	O
Father	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
say	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
your	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
know	O
him	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
him	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
said	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
him	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
liar	O
like	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
do	O
know	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
obey	O
what	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


Your	O
father	O
Abraham	O
was	O
very	O
happy	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
see	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
I	O
came	O
.	O


He	O
saw	O
that	O
day	O
and	O
was	O
happy	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Jews	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
?	O


How	O
can	O
you	O
say	O
you	O
have	O
seen	O
Abraham	O
?	O


You	O
are	O
not	O
even	O
50	O
years	O
old	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
fact	O
is	O
,	O
before	O
Abraham	O
was	O
born	O
,	O
I	O
AM	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
he	O
said	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
picked	O
up	O
stones	O
to	O
throw	O
at	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
hid	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
he	O
left	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
named	O
Lazarus	O
who	O
was	O
sick	O
.	O


He	O
lived	O
in	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Bethany	O
,	O
where	O
Mary	O
and	O
her	O
sister	O
Martha	O
lived	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Mary	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
woman	O
who	O
put	O
perfume	O
on	O
the	O
Lord	O
and	O
wiped	O
his	O
feet	O
with	O
her	O
hair	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Mary	O
's	O
brother	O
was	O
Lazarus	O
,	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
was	O
now	O
sick	O
.	O


So	O
Mary	O
and	O
Martha	O
sent	O
someone	O
to	O
tell	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
your	O
dear	O
friend	O
Lazarus	O
is	O
sick	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
heard	O
this	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
end	O
of	O
this	O
sickness	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
death	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
this	O
sickness	O
is	O
for	O
the	O
glory	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
happened	O
to	O
bring	O
glory	O
to	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
loved	O
Martha	O
and	O
her	O
sister	O
and	O
Lazarus	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
he	O
heard	O
that	O
Lazarus	O
was	O
sick	O
,	O
he	O
stayed	O
where	O
he	O
was	O
two	O
more	O
days	O
and	O
then	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
should	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
Judea	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
Teacher	O
,	O
those	O
Jews	O
there	O
tried	O
to	O
stone	O
you	O
to	O
death	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
only	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
ago	O
.	O


Now	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
there	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
There	O
are	O
twelve	O
hours	O
of	O
light	O
in	O
the	O
day	O
.	O


Whoever	O
walks	O
in	O
the	O
day	O
will	O
not	O
stumble	O
and	O
fall	O
because	O
they	O
can	O
see	O
with	O
the	O
light	O
from	O
the	O
sun	O
.	O


But	O
whoever	O
walks	O
at	O
night	O
will	O
stumble	O
because	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
light	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Our	O
friend	O
Lazarus	O
is	O
now	O
sleeping	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
there	O
to	O
wake	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
,	O
Lord	O
,	O
if	O
he	O
can	O
sleep	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
get	O
well	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
thought	O
Jesus	O
meant	O
that	O
Lazarus	O
was	O
literally	O
sleeping	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
really	O
meant	O
that	O
Lazarus	O
was	O
dead	O
.	O


So	O
then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
plainly	O
,	O
``	O
Lazarus	O
is	O
dead	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
am	O
glad	O
I	O
was	O
not	O
there	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
happy	O
for	O
you	O
because	O
now	O
you	O
will	O
believe	O
in	O
me	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
go	O
to	O
him	O
now	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Thomas	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
called	O
``	O
Twin	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
followers	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
will	O
go	O
too	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
die	O
there	O
with	O
Jesus	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
arrived	O
in	O
Bethany	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
Lazarus	O
had	O
already	O
been	O
dead	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
tomb	O
for	O
four	O
days	O
.	O


Bethany	O
was	O
about	O
two	O
miles	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


Many	O
Jews	O
had	O
come	O
to	O
see	O
Martha	O
and	O
Mary	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
to	O
comfort	O
them	O
about	O
their	O
brother	O
Lazarus	O
.	O


When	O
Martha	O
heard	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
coming	O
,	O
she	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
greet	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
Mary	O
stayed	O
home	O
.	O


Martha	O
said	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
had	O
been	O
here	O
,	O
my	O
brother	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
died	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
even	O
now	O
God	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
anything	O
you	O
ask	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Your	O
brother	O
will	O
rise	O
and	O
be	O
alive	O
again	O
.	O
''	O


Martha	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
rise	O
to	O
live	O
again	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
resurrection	O
on	O
the	O
last	O
day	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
resurrection	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
life	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
believes	O
in	O
me	O
will	O
have	O
life	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
die	O
.	O


And	O
everyone	O
who	O
lives	O
and	O
believes	O
in	O
me	O
will	O
never	O
really	O
die	O
.	O


Martha	O
,	O
do	O
you	O
believe	O
this	O
?	O
''	O


Martha	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
Lord	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
Christ	O
,	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
coming	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
Martha	O
said	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
she	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
her	O
sister	O
Mary	O
.	O


She	O
talked	O
to	O
Mary	O
alone	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Teacher	O
is	O
here	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
asking	O
for	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Mary	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
she	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
went	O
quickly	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
not	O
yet	O
come	O
into	O
the	O
village	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
still	O
at	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
Martha	O
met	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
Jews	O
who	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
house	O
comforting	O
Mary	O
saw	O
her	O
get	O
up	O
and	O
leave	O
quickly	O
.	O


They	O
thought	O
she	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
tomb	O
to	O
cry	O
there	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
followed	O
her	O
.	O


Mary	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
Jesus	O
was	O
.	O


When	O
she	O
saw	O
him	O
,	O
she	O
bowed	O
at	O
his	O
feet	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
had	O
been	O
here	O
,	O
my	O
brother	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
died	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
saw	O
Mary	O
crying	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
with	O
her	O
crying	O
too	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
very	O
upset	O
and	O
deeply	O
troubled	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Where	O
did	O
you	O
put	O
him	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
come	O
and	O
see	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
cried	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Jews	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
!	O


He	O
loved	O
Lazarus	O
very	O
much	O
!	O
''	O


But	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Jesus	O
healed	O
the	O
eyes	O
of	O
the	O
blind	O
man	O
.	O


Why	O
did	O
n't	O
he	O
help	O
Lazarus	O
and	O
stop	O
him	O
from	O
dying	O
?	O
''	O


Again	O
feeling	O
very	O
upset	O
,	O
Jesus	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
tomb	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
cave	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
stone	O
covering	O
the	O
entrance	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Move	O
the	O
stone	O
away	O
.	O
''	O


Martha	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
,	O
Lord	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
four	O
days	O
since	O
Lazarus	O
died	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
bad	O
smell	O
.	O
''	O


Martha	O
was	O
the	O
sister	O
of	O
the	O
dead	O
man	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
Remember	O
what	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
?	O


I	O
said	O
that	O
if	O
you	O
believed	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
see	O
God	O
's	O
divine	O
greatness	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
they	O
moved	O
the	O
stone	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
entrance	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
looked	O
up	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Father	O
,	O
I	O
thank	O
you	O
that	O
you	O
heard	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
always	O
hear	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
said	O
these	O
things	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
here	O
around	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
them	O
to	O
believe	O
that	O
you	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
Jesus	O
said	O
this	O
he	O
called	O
in	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
,	O
``	O
Lazarus	O
,	O
come	O
out	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
dead	O
man	O
came	O
out	O
.	O


His	O
hands	O
and	O
feet	O
were	O
wrapped	O
with	O
pieces	O
of	O
cloth	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
a	O
handkerchief	O
covering	O
his	O
face	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
``	O
Take	O
off	O
the	O
cloth	O
and	O
let	O
him	O
go	O
.	O
''	O


There	O
were	O
many	O
Jews	O
who	O
came	O
to	O
visit	O
Mary	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
saw	O
what	O
Jesus	O
did	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
believed	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
told	O
them	O
what	O
Jesus	O
did	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
Pharisees	O
called	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
council	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
should	O
we	O
do	O
?	O


This	O
man	O
is	O
doing	O
many	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
let	O
him	O
continue	O
doing	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
everyone	O
will	O
believe	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
Romans	O
will	O
come	O
and	O
take	O
away	O
our	O
Temple	O
and	O
our	O
nation	O
.	O
''	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
men	O
there	O
was	O
Caiaphas	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
that	O
year	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
people	O
know	O
nothing	O
!	O


It	O
is	O
better	O
for	O
one	O
man	O
to	O
die	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
than	O
for	O
the	O
whole	O
nation	O
to	O
be	O
destroyed	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
realize	O
this	O
.	O
''	O


Caiaphas	O
did	O
not	O
think	O
of	O
this	O
himself	O
.	O


As	O
that	O
year	O
's	O
high	O
priest	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
really	O
prophesying	O
that	O
Jesus	O
would	O
die	O
for	O
the	O
Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
die	O
for	O
the	O
Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
would	O
also	O
die	O
for	O
God	O
's	O
other	O
children	O
scattered	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


He	O
would	O
die	O
to	O
bring	O
them	O
all	O
together	O
and	O
make	O
them	O
one	O
people	O
.	O


That	O
day	O
the	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
began	O
planning	O
to	O
kill	O
Jesus	O
.	O


So	O
Jesus	O
stopped	O
traveling	O
around	O
openly	O
among	O
the	O
Jews	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
away	O
to	O
a	O
town	O
called	O
Ephraim	O
in	O
an	O
area	O
near	O
the	O
desert	O
.	O


He	O
stayed	O
there	O
with	O
his	O
followers	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
almost	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
Jewish	O
Passover	O
festival	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
from	O
the	O
country	O
went	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
before	O
the	O
Passover	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
special	O
things	O
to	O
make	O
themselves	O
pure	O
for	O
the	O
festival	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
looked	O
for	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
stood	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
and	O
asked	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
Is	O
he	O
coming	O
to	O
the	O
festival	O
?	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
had	O
given	O
a	O
special	O
order	O
about	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
that	O
anyone	O
who	O
knew	O
where	O
he	O
was	O
must	O
tell	O
them	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
arrest	O
him	O
.	O


Six	O
days	O
before	O
the	O
Passover	O
festival	O
,	O
Jesus	O
went	O
to	O
Bethany	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
where	O
Lazarus	O
lived	O
,	O
the	O
man	O
Jesus	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


There	O
they	O
had	O
a	O
dinner	O
for	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Martha	O
served	O
the	O
food	O
,	O
and	O
Lazarus	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
eating	O
with	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Mary	O
brought	O
in	O
a	O
pint	O
of	O
expensive	O
perfume	O
made	O
of	O
pure	O
nard	O
.	O


She	O
poured	O
the	O
perfume	O
on	O
Jesus	O
'	O
feet	O
.	O


Then	O
she	O
wiped	O
his	O
feet	O
with	O
her	O
hair	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
sweet	O
smell	O
from	O
the	O
perfume	O
filled	O
the	O
whole	O
house	O
.	O


Judas	O
Iscariot	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
,	O
was	O
there	O
--	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
would	O
later	O
hand	O
Jesus	O
over	O
to	O
his	O
enemies	O
.	O


Judas	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
That	O
perfume	O
was	O
worth	O
a	O
full	O
year	O
's	O
pay	O
.	O


It	O
should	O
have	O
been	O
sold	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
money	O
should	O
have	O
been	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
poor	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Judas	O
did	O
not	O
really	O
care	O
about	O
the	O
poor	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
this	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
thief	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
kept	O
the	O
moneybag	O
for	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
followers	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
often	O
stole	O
money	O
from	O
the	O
bag	O
.	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
stop	O
her	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
right	O
for	O
her	O
to	O
save	O
this	O
perfume	O
for	O
today	O
--	O
the	O
day	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
be	O
prepared	O
for	O
burial	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
always	O
have	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
poor	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
always	O
have	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Many	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
heard	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
in	O
Bethany	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
went	O
there	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
went	O
there	O
to	O
see	O
Lazarus	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
Jesus	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
made	O
plans	O
to	O
kill	O
Lazarus	O
too	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
him	O
,	O
many	O
Jews	O
were	O
leaving	O
them	O
and	O
believing	O
in	O
Jesus	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
kill	O
Lazarus	O
too	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
heard	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
coming	O
there	O
.	O


These	O
were	O
the	O
crowds	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
had	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
Passover	O
festival	O
.	O


They	O
took	O
branches	O
of	O
palm	O
trees	O
and	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
meet	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
'	O
Praise	O
Him	O
!	O
'	O
'	O


Welcome	O
!	O


God	O
bless	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
comes	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
!	O
'	O


God	O
bless	O
the	O
King	O
of	O
Israel	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
found	O
a	O
donkey	O
and	O
rode	O
on	O
it	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
not	O
be	O
afraid	O
,	O
people	O
of	O
Zion	O
!	O


Look	O
!	O


Your	O
king	O
is	O
coming	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
riding	O
on	O
a	O
young	O
donkey	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
followers	O
of	O
Jesus	O
did	O
not	O
understand	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
what	O
was	O
happening	O
.	O


But	O
after	O
he	O
was	O
raised	O
to	O
glory	O
,	O
they	O
understood	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
written	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
remembered	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
done	O
these	O
things	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
many	O
people	O
with	O
Jesus	O
when	O
he	O
raised	O
Lazarus	O
from	O
death	O
and	O
told	O
him	O
to	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
tomb	O
.	O


Now	O
they	O
were	O
telling	O
others	O
about	O
what	O
Jesus	O
did	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
meet	O
him	O
--	O
because	O
they	O
had	O
heard	O
about	O
this	O
miraculous	O
sign	O
he	O
did	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
said	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
!	O


Our	O
plan	O
is	O
not	O
working	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
are	O
all	O
following	O
him	O
!	O
''	O


There	O
were	O
some	O
Greeks	O
there	O
too	O
.	O


These	O
were	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
went	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
to	O
worship	O
at	O
the	O
Passover	O
festival	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
to	O
Philip	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
from	O
Bethsaida	O
in	O
Galilee	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Sir	O
,	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
meet	O
Jesus	O
.	O
''	O


Philip	O
went	O
and	O
told	O
Andrew	O
.	O


Then	O
Andrew	O
and	O
Philip	O
went	O
and	O
told	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
time	O
has	O
come	O
for	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
to	O
receive	O
his	O
glory	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
fact	O
that	O
a	O
grain	O
of	O
wheat	O
must	O
fall	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
and	O
die	O
before	O
it	O
can	O
grow	O
and	O
produce	O
much	O
more	O
wheat	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
never	O
dies	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
single	O
seed	O
.	O


Whoever	O
loves	O
the	O
life	O
they	O
have	O
now	O
will	O
lose	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
whoever	O
is	O
willing	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
their	O
life	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
will	O
keep	O
it	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
have	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


Whoever	O
serves	O
me	O
must	O
follow	O
me	O
.	O


My	O
servants	O
must	O
be	O
with	O
me	O
everywhere	O
I	O
am	O
.	O


My	O
Father	O
will	O
give	O
honor	O
to	O
anyone	O
who	O
serves	O
me	O
.	O


``	O
Now	O
I	O
am	O
very	O
troubled	O
.	O


What	O
should	O
I	O
say	O
?	O


Should	O
I	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Father	O
save	O
me	O
from	O
this	O
time	O
of	O
suffering	O
'	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
came	O
to	O
this	O
time	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
could	O
suffer	O
.	O


Father	O
,	O
do	O
what	O
will	O
bring	O
you	O
glory	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
a	O
voice	O
came	O
from	O
heaven	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
have	O
already	O
brought	O
glory	O
to	O
myself	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
do	O
it	O
again	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
standing	O
there	O
heard	O
the	O
voice	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
thunder	O
.	O


But	O
others	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
An	O
angel	O
spoke	O
to	O
him	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
That	O
voice	O
was	O
for	O
you	O
and	O
not	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


Now	O
is	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
be	O
judged	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
ruler	O
of	O
this	O
world	O
will	O
be	O
thrown	O
out	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
be	O
lifted	O
up	O
from	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


When	O
that	O
happens	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
draw	O
all	O
people	O
to	O
myself	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
this	O
to	O
show	O
how	O
he	O
would	O
die	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
our	O
law	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
Christ	O
will	O
live	O
forever	O
.	O


So	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
must	O
be	O
lifted	O
up	O
'	O
?	O


Who	O
is	O
this	O
'	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
'	O
?	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
light	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
for	O
only	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
more	O
.	O


So	O
walk	O
while	O
you	O
have	O
the	O
light	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
darkness	O
will	O
not	O
catch	O
you	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
walk	O
in	O
the	O
darkness	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
they	O
are	O
going	O
.	O


So	O
put	O
your	O
trust	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
while	O
you	O
still	O
have	O
it	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
children	O
of	O
light	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
finished	O
saying	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
away	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
the	O
people	O
could	O
not	O
find	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
saw	O
all	O
these	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
Jesus	O
did	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
still	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
to	O
give	O
full	O
meaning	O
to	O
what	O
Isaiah	O
the	O
prophet	O
said	O
:	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
who	O
believed	O
what	O
we	O
told	O
them	O
?	O


Who	O
has	O
seen	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
power	O
?	O
''	O


This	O
is	O
why	O
the	O
people	O
could	O
not	O
believe	O
.	O


Because	O
Isaiah	O
also	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
made	O
the	O
people	O
blind	O
.	O


He	O
closed	O
their	O
minds	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
see	O
with	O
their	O
eyes	O
and	O
understand	O
with	O
their	O
minds	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
it	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
turn	O
and	O
be	O
healed	O
.	O
''	O


Isaiah	O
said	O
this	O
because	O
he	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
'	O
divine	O
greatness	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
spoke	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
many	O
people	O
believed	O
in	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Even	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
believed	O
in	O
him	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
afraid	O
of	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
say	O
openly	O
that	O
they	O
believed	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
afraid	O
they	O
would	O
be	O
ordered	O
to	O
stay	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
synagogue	O
.	O


They	O
loved	O
praise	O
from	O
people	O
more	O
than	O
praise	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
loudly	O
,	O
``	O
Everyone	O
who	O
believes	O
in	O
me	O
is	O
really	O
believing	O
in	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
sees	O
me	O
is	O
really	O
seeing	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
came	O
into	O
this	O
world	O
as	O
a	O
light	O
.	O


I	O
came	O
so	O
that	O
everyone	O
who	O
believes	O
in	O
me	O
will	O
not	O
stay	O
in	O
darkness	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
come	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
judge	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
came	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
judges	O
those	O
who	O
hear	O
my	O
teaching	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
obey	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
judge	O
for	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
refuse	O
to	O
believe	O
in	O
me	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
accept	O
what	O
I	O
say	O
.	O


The	O
message	O
I	O
have	O
spoken	O
will	O
judge	O
them	O
on	O
the	O
last	O
day	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
because	O
what	O
I	O
taught	O
was	O
not	O
from	O
myself	O
.	O


The	O
Father	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
told	O
me	O
what	O
to	O
say	O
and	O
what	O
to	O
teach	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
whatever	O
he	O
says	O
to	O
do	O
will	O
bring	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
things	O
I	O
say	O
are	O
exactly	O
what	O
the	O
Father	O
told	O
me	O
to	O
say	O
.	O
''	O


It	O
was	O
almost	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
Jewish	O
Passover	O
festival	O
.	O


Jesus	O
knew	O
that	O
the	O
time	O
had	O
come	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
leave	O
this	O
world	O
and	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


Jesus	O
had	O
always	O
loved	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
who	O
were	O
his	O
.	O


Now	O
was	O
the	O
time	O
he	O
showed	O
them	O
his	O
love	O
the	O
most	O
.	O


Jesus	O
and	O
his	O
followers	O
were	O
at	O
the	O
evening	O
meal	O
.	O


The	O
devil	O
had	O
already	O
persuaded	O
Judas	O
Iscariot	O
to	O
hand	O
Jesus	O
over	O
to	O
his	O
enemies	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Judas	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Simon	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
Father	O
had	O
given	O
Jesus	O
power	O
over	O
everything	O
.	O


Jesus	O
knew	O
this	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
knew	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
come	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
knew	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
going	O
back	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
while	O
they	O
were	O
eating	O
,	O
Jesus	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
took	O
off	O
his	O
robe	O
.	O


He	O
got	O
a	O
towel	O
and	O
wrapped	O
it	O
around	O
his	O
waist	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
poured	O
water	O
into	O
a	O
bowl	O
and	O
began	O
to	O
wash	O
the	O
followers	O
'	O
feet	O
.	O


He	O
dried	O
their	O
feet	O
with	O
the	O
towel	O
that	O
was	O
wrapped	O
around	O
his	O
waist	O
.	O


He	O
came	O
to	O
Simon	O
Peter	O
.	O


But	O
Peter	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
not	O
wash	O
my	O
feet	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
am	O
doing	O
now	O
.	O


But	O
later	O
you	O
will	O
understand	O
.	O
''	O


Peter	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
!	O


You	O
will	O
never	O
wash	O
my	O
feet	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
wash	O
your	O
feet	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
one	O
of	O
my	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


Simon	O
Peter	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
after	O
you	O
wash	O
my	O
feet	O
,	O
wash	O
my	O
hands	O
and	O
my	O
head	O
too	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
After	O
a	O
person	O
has	O
a	O
bath	O
,	O
his	O
whole	O
body	O
is	O
clean	O
.	O


He	O
needs	O
only	O
to	O
wash	O
his	O
feet	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
are	O
clean	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
knew	O
who	O
would	O
hand	O
him	O
over	O
to	O
his	O
enemies	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Not	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
are	O
clean	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
finished	O
washing	O
their	O
feet	O
,	O
he	O
put	O
on	O
his	O
clothes	O
and	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
understand	O
what	O
I	O
did	O
for	O
you	O
?	O


You	O
call	O
me	O
'	O
Teacher	O
.	O
'	O


And	O
you	O
call	O
me	O
'	O
Lord	O
.	O
'	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
right	O
,	O
because	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
am	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
your	O
Lord	O
and	O
Teacher	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
washed	O
your	O
feet	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
also	O
should	O
wash	O
each	O
other	O
's	O
feet	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
this	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
should	O
serve	O
each	O
other	O
just	O
as	O
I	O
served	O
you	O
.	O


Believe	O
me	O
,	O
servants	O
are	O
not	O
greater	O
than	O
their	O
master	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
are	O
sent	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
are	O
not	O
greater	O
than	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
them	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
know	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
great	O
blessings	O
will	O
be	O
yours	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
them	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
talking	O
about	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
the	O
people	O
I	O
have	O
chosen	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
must	O
happen	O
:	O
'	O
The	O
man	O
who	O
shared	O
my	O
food	O
has	O
turned	O
against	O
me	O
.	O
'	O


I	O
am	O
telling	O
you	O
this	O
now	O
before	O
it	O
happens	O
.	O


Then	O
when	O
it	O
happens	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
believe	O
that	O
I	O
AM	O
.	O


I	O
assure	O
you	O
,	O
whoever	O
accepts	O
the	O
person	O
I	O
send	O
also	O
accepts	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
whoever	O
accepts	O
me	O
also	O
accepts	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
Jesus	O
said	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
he	O
felt	O
very	O
troubled	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
openly	O
,	O
``	O
Believe	O
me	O
when	O
I	O
say	O
that	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
will	O
hand	O
me	O
over	O
to	O
my	O
enemies	O
.	O
''	O


His	O
followers	O
all	O
looked	O
at	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
understand	O
who	O
Jesus	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
followers	O
was	O
next	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
was	O
leaning	O
close	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
Jesus	O
loved	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


Simon	O
Peter	O
made	O
signs	O
to	O
this	O
follower	O
to	O
ask	O
Jesus	O
who	O
he	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
.	O


That	O
follower	O
leaned	O
closer	O
to	O
Jesus	O
and	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
it	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
dip	O
this	O
bread	O
into	O
the	O
dish	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
I	O
give	O
it	O
to	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Jesus	O
took	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
bread	O
,	O
dipped	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
Judas	O
Iscariot	O
,	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Simon	O
.	O


When	O
Judas	O
took	O
the	O
bread	O
,	O
Satan	O
entered	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
Judas	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
you	O
will	O
do	O
--	O
do	O
it	O
quickly	O
!	O
''	O


No	O
one	O
at	O
the	O
table	O
understood	O
why	O
Jesus	O
said	O
this	O
to	O
Judas	O
.	O


Since	O
Judas	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
the	O
money	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
thought	O
that	O
Jesus	O
meant	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
go	O
and	O
buy	O
some	O
things	O
they	O
needed	O
for	O
the	O
feast	O
.	O


Or	O
they	O
thought	O
that	O
Jesus	O
wanted	O
him	O
to	O
go	O
give	O
something	O
to	O
the	O
poor	O
.	O


Judas	O
ate	O
the	O
bread	O
Jesus	O
gave	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
immediately	O
went	O
out	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
night	O
.	O


When	O
Judas	O
was	O
gone	O
,	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Now	O
is	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
to	O
receive	O
his	O
glory	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
will	O
receive	O
glory	O
through	O
him	O
.	O


If	O
God	O
receives	O
glory	O
through	O
him	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
give	O
glory	O
to	O
the	O
Son	O
through	O
himself	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
will	O
happen	O
very	O
soon	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
children	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
only	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
more	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
look	O
for	O
me	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
now	O
what	O
I	O
told	O
the	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
:	O
Where	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
come	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
give	O
you	O
a	O
new	O
command	O
:	O
Love	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
love	O
each	O
other	O
just	O
as	O
I	O
loved	O
you	O
.	O


All	O
people	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
my	O
followers	O
if	O
you	O
love	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
''	O


Simon	O
Peter	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
where	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Where	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
follow	O
now	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
will	O
follow	O
later	O
.	O
''	O


Peter	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
why	O
ca	O
n't	O
I	O
follow	O
you	O
now	O
?	O


I	O
am	O
ready	O
to	O
die	O
for	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Will	O
you	O
really	O
give	O
your	O
life	O
for	O
me	O
?	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
before	O
the	O
rooster	O
crows	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
say	O
three	O
times	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
be	O
troubled	O
.	O


Trust	O
in	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
trust	O
in	O
me	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
many	O
rooms	O
in	O
my	O
Father	O
's	O
house	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
not	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
not	O
true	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
going	O
there	O
to	O
prepare	O
a	O
place	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


After	O
I	O
go	O
and	O
prepare	O
a	O
place	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
come	O
back	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
will	O
take	O
you	O
with	O
me	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
where	O
I	O
am	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
.	O
''	O


Thomas	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
you	O
are	O
going	O
,	O
so	O
how	O
can	O
we	O
know	O
the	O
way	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
truth	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
life	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
Father	O
is	O
through	O
me	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
really	O
knew	O
me	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
know	O
my	O
Father	O
too	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
seen	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


Philip	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
show	O
us	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
all	O
we	O
need	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Philip	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
been	O
with	O
you	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
should	O
know	O
me	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
has	O
seen	O
me	O
has	O
seen	O
the	O
Father	O
too	O
.	O


So	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Show	O
us	O
the	O
Father	O
'	O
?	O


Do	O
n't	O
you	O
believe	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
in	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
the	O
Father	O
is	O
in	O
me	O
?	O


The	O
things	O
I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
come	O
from	O
me	O
.	O


The	O
Father	O
lives	O
in	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
doing	O
his	O
own	O
work	O
.	O


Believe	O
me	O
when	O
I	O
say	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
in	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
the	O
Father	O
is	O
in	O
me	O
.	O


Or	O
believe	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
miracles	O
I	O
have	O
done	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
can	O
assure	O
you	O
that	O
whoever	O
believes	O
in	O
me	O
will	O
do	O
the	O
same	O
things	O
I	O
have	O
done	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
will	O
do	O
even	O
greater	O
things	O
than	O
I	O
have	O
done	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
ask	O
for	O
anything	O
in	O
my	O
name	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
do	O
it	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
Father	O
's	O
glory	O
will	O
be	O
shown	O
through	O
the	O
Son	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
ask	O
me	O
for	O
anything	O
in	O
my	O
name	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
you	O
love	O
me	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
do	O
what	O
I	O
command	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
ask	O
the	O
Father	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
another	O
Helper	O
to	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
forever	O
.	O


The	O
Helper	O
is	O
the	O
Spirit	O
of	O
truth	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
can	O
not	O
accept	O
him	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
him	O
or	O
know	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
know	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
lives	O
with	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
leave	O
you	O
all	O
alone	O
like	O
orphans	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
come	O
back	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
very	O
short	O
time	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
will	O
not	O
see	O
me	O
anymore	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
live	O
because	O
I	O
live	O
.	O


On	O
that	O
day	O
you	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
in	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
in	O
me	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
really	O
love	O
me	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
not	O
only	O
know	O
my	O
commands	O
but	O
also	O
obey	O
them	O
.	O


My	O
Father	O
will	O
love	O
such	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
love	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
make	O
myself	O
known	O
to	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Judas	O
-LRB-	O
not	O
Judas	O
Iscariot	O
-RRB-	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
how	O
will	O
you	O
make	O
yourself	O
known	O
to	O
us	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
All	O
who	O
love	O
me	O
will	O
obey	O
my	O
teaching	O
.	O


My	O
Father	O
will	O
love	O
them	O
.	O


My	O
Father	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
them	O
and	O
live	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
anyone	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
love	O
me	O
does	O
not	O
obey	O
my	O
teaching	O
.	O


This	O
teaching	O
that	O
you	O
hear	O
is	O
not	O
really	O
mine	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
from	O
my	O
Father	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
while	O
I	O
am	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Helper	O
will	O
teach	O
you	O
everything	O
and	O
cause	O
you	O
to	O
remember	O
all	O
that	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
.	O


This	O
Helper	O
is	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
that	O
the	O
Father	O
will	O
send	O
in	O
my	O
name	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
leave	O
you	O
peace	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
my	O
own	O
peace	O
I	O
give	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
give	O
you	O
peace	O
in	O
a	O
different	O
way	O
than	O
the	O
world	O
does	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
troubled	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


You	O
heard	O
me	O
say	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
am	O
leaving	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
will	O
come	O
back	O
to	O
you	O
.	O
'	O


If	O
you	O
loved	O
me	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
be	O
happy	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
Father	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
Father	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
I	O
am	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
this	O
now	O
,	O
before	O
it	O
happens	O
.	O


Then	O
when	O
it	O
happens	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
believe	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
talk	O
with	O
you	O
much	O
longer	O
.	O


The	O
ruler	O
of	O
this	O
world	O
is	O
coming	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
no	O
power	O
over	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
world	O
must	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
love	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
do	O
exactly	O
what	O
the	O
Father	O
told	O
me	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


``	O
Come	O
now	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
go	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
true	O
vine	O
,	O
and	O
my	O
Father	O
is	O
the	O
gardener	O
.	O


He	O
cuts	O
off	O
every	O
branch	O
of	O
mine	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
produce	O
fruit	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
trims	O
every	O
branch	O
that	O
produces	O
fruit	O
to	O
prepare	O
it	O
to	O
produce	O
even	O
more	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
prepared	O
to	O
produce	O
more	O
fruit	O
by	O
the	O
teaching	O
I	O
have	O
given	O
you	O
.	O


Stay	O
joined	O
to	O
me	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
stay	O
joined	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


No	O
branch	O
can	O
produce	O
fruit	O
alone	O
.	O


It	O
must	O
stay	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
vine	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
not	O
produce	O
fruit	O
alone	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
stay	O
joined	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
vine	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
branches	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
stay	O
joined	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
produce	O
plenty	O
of	O
fruit	O
.	O


But	O
separated	O
from	O
me	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
stay	O
joined	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
like	O
a	O
branch	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
thrown	O
out	O
and	O
has	O
dried	O
up	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
dead	O
branches	O
like	O
that	O
are	O
gathered	O
up	O
,	O
thrown	O
into	O
the	O
fire	O
and	O
burned	O
.	O


Stay	O
joined	O
together	O
with	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
follow	O
my	O
teachings	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
ask	O
for	O
anything	O
you	O
want	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Show	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
my	O
followers	O
by	O
producing	O
much	O
fruit	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
bring	O
honor	O
to	O
my	O
Father	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
have	O
loved	O
you	O
as	O
the	O
Father	O
has	O
loved	O
me	O
.	O


Now	O
continue	O
in	O
my	O
love	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
obeyed	O
my	O
Father	O
's	O
commands	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
continues	O
to	O
love	O
me	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
obey	O
my	O
commands	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
love	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
these	O
things	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
have	O
the	O
true	O
happiness	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
completely	O
happy	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
command	O
you	O
:	O
Love	O
each	O
other	O
as	O
I	O
have	O
loved	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
greatest	O
love	O
people	O
can	O
show	O
is	O
to	O
die	O
for	O
their	O
friends	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
my	O
friends	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
what	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
no	O
longer	O
call	O
you	O
servants	O
,	O
because	O
servants	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
their	O
master	O
is	O
doing	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
I	O
call	O
you	O
friends	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
everything	O
that	O
my	O
Father	O
told	O
me	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
did	O
not	O
choose	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
chose	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
gave	O
you	O
this	O
work	O
:	O
to	O
go	O
and	O
produce	O
fruit	O
--	O
fruit	O
that	O
will	O
last	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
Father	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
anything	O
you	O
ask	O
for	O
in	O
my	O
name	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
my	O
command	O
:	O
Love	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


``	O
If	O
the	O
world	O
hates	O
you	O
,	O
remember	O
that	O
they	O
hated	O
me	O
first	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
belonged	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
the	O
world	O
would	O
love	O
you	O
as	O
it	O
loves	O
its	O
own	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
have	O
chosen	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
different	O
from	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
why	O
the	O
world	O
hates	O
you	O
.	O


``	O
Remember	O
the	O
lesson	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
:	O
Servants	O
are	O
not	O
greater	O
than	O
their	O
master	O
.	O


If	O
people	O
treated	O
me	O
badly	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
treat	O
you	O
badly	O
too	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
they	O
obeyed	O
my	O
teaching	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
obey	O
yours	O
too	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
do	O
to	O
you	O
whatever	O
they	O
did	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
belong	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
had	O
not	O
come	O
and	O
spoken	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
guilty	O
of	O
sin	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
I	O
have	O
spoken	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
have	O
no	O
excuse	O
for	O
their	O
sin	O
.	O


``	O
Whoever	O
hates	O
me	O
also	O
hates	O
my	O
Father	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
things	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
else	O
has	O
ever	O
done	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
had	O
not	O
done	O
those	O
things	O
,	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
guilty	O
of	O
sin	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
have	O
seen	O
what	O
I	O
did	O
,	O
and	O
still	O
they	O
hate	O
me	O
and	O
my	O
Father	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
happened	O
to	O
make	O
clear	O
the	O
full	O
meaning	O
of	O
what	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
their	O
law	O
:	O
'	O
They	O
hated	O
me	O
for	O
no	O
reason	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
I	O
will	O
send	O
you	O
the	O
Helper	O
from	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


The	O
Helper	O
is	O
the	O
Spirit	O
of	O
truth	O
who	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
comes	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
tell	O
about	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
tell	O
people	O
about	O
me	O
too	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
with	O
me	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
all	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
lose	O
your	O
faith	O
when	O
you	O
face	O
troubles	O
.	O


People	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
to	O
leave	O
their	O
synagogues	O
and	O
never	O
come	O
back	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
time	O
will	O
come	O
when	O
they	O
will	O
think	O
that	O
killing	O
you	O
would	O
be	O
doing	O
service	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
do	O
this	O
because	O
they	O
have	O
not	O
known	O
the	O
Father	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
have	O
not	O
known	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
all	O
this	O
now	O
to	O
prepare	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
the	O
time	O
comes	O
for	O
these	O
things	O
to	O
happen	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
remember	O
that	O
I	O
warned	O
you	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
tell	O
you	O
these	O
things	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
was	O
with	O
you	O
then	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
none	O
of	O
you	O
asks	O
me	O
,	O
'	O
Where	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
?	O
'	O


But	O
you	O
are	O
filled	O
with	O
sadness	O
because	O
I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
all	O
this	O
.	O


Let	O
me	O
assure	O
you	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
better	O
for	O
you	O
that	O
I	O
go	O
away	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
when	O
I	O
go	O
away	O
I	O
will	O
send	O
the	O
Helper	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
go	O
,	O
the	O
Helper	O
would	O
not	O
come	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
the	O
Helper	O
comes	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
show	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
how	O
wrong	O
they	O
are	O
about	O
sin	O
,	O
about	O
being	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
about	O
judgment	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
prove	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
guilty	O
of	O
sin	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
in	O
me	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
show	O
them	O
how	O
wrong	O
they	O
are	O
about	O
how	O
to	O
be	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
Helper	O
will	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
not	O
see	O
me	O
then	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
will	O
show	O
them	O
how	O
wrong	O
their	O
judgment	O
is	O
,	O
because	O
their	O
leader	O
has	O
already	O
been	O
condemned	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
have	O
so	O
much	O
more	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
too	O
much	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
accept	O
now	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
Spirit	O
of	O
truth	O
comes	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
lead	O
you	O
into	O
all	O
truth	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
not	O
speak	O
his	O
own	O
words	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
speak	O
only	O
what	O
he	O
hears	O
and	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
of	O
truth	O
will	O
bring	O
glory	O
to	O
me	O
by	O
telling	O
you	O
what	O
he	O
receives	O
from	O
me	O
.	O


All	O
that	O
the	O
Father	O
has	O
is	O
mine	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
Spirit	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
what	O
he	O
receives	O
from	O
me	O
.	O


``	O
After	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
see	O
me	O
.	O


Then	O
after	O
another	O
short	O
time	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
me	O
again	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
followers	O
said	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
does	O
he	O
mean	O
when	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
'	O
After	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
see	O
me	O
.	O


Then	O
after	O
another	O
short	O
time	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
me	O
again	O
'	O
?	O


And	O
what	O
does	O
he	O
mean	O
when	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
'	O
Because	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
Father	O
'	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
also	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
does	O
he	O
mean	O
by	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
'	O
?	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
what	O
he	O
is	O
saying	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
saw	O
that	O
the	O
followers	O
wanted	O
to	O
ask	O
him	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Are	O
you	O
asking	O
each	O
other	O
what	O
I	O
meant	O
when	O
I	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
After	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
see	O
me	O
.	O


Then	O
after	O
another	O
short	O
time	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
me	O
again	O
'	O
?	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
cry	O
and	O
be	O
sad	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
world	O
will	O
be	O
happy	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
sad	O
,	O
but	O
then	O
your	O
sadness	O
will	O
change	O
to	O
happiness	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
a	O
woman	O
gives	O
birth	O
to	O
a	O
baby	O
,	O
she	O
has	O
pain	O
,	O
because	O
her	O
time	O
has	O
come	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
her	O
baby	O
is	O
born	O
,	O
she	O
forgets	O
the	O
pain	O
.	O


She	O
forgets	O
because	O
she	O
is	O
so	O
happy	O
that	O
a	O
child	O
has	O
been	O
born	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


Now	O
you	O
are	O
sad	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
will	O
see	O
you	O
again	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
happy	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
joy	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
take	O
away	O
.	O


In	O
that	O
day	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
ask	O
me	O
about	O
anything	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
assure	O
you	O
,	O
my	O
Father	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
anything	O
you	O
ask	O
him	O
for	O
in	O
my	O
name	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
never	O
asked	O
for	O
anything	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
before	O
.	O


But	O
ask	O
in	O
my	O
name	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
receive	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
fullest	O
joy	O
possible	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
using	O
words	O
that	O
hide	O
the	O
meaning	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
time	O
will	O
come	O
when	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
use	O
words	O
like	O
that	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
things	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
speak	O
to	O
you	O
in	O
plain	O
words	O
about	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
ask	O
the	O
Father	O
for	O
things	O
in	O
my	O
name	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
saying	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
ask	O
the	O
Father	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
Father	O
himself	O
loves	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
loved	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
loves	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
believed	O
that	O
I	O
came	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


I	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
Father	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
am	O
leaving	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
going	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
his	O
followers	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
already	O
speaking	O
plainly	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
not	O
using	O
words	O
that	O
hide	O
the	O
meaning	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
see	O
now	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
all	O
things	O
.	O


You	O
answer	O
our	O
questions	O
even	O
before	O
we	O
ask	O
them	O
.	O


This	O
makes	O
us	O
believe	O
that	O
you	O
came	O
from	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
So	O
now	O
you	O
believe	O
?	O


Listen	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


A	O
time	O
is	O
coming	O
when	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
scattered	O
,	O
each	O
to	O
his	O
own	O
home	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
that	O
time	O
is	O
already	O
here	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
leave	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
alone	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
am	O
never	O
really	O
alone	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
Father	O
is	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
these	O
things	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
have	O
peace	O
in	O
me	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
world	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
troubles	O
.	O


But	O
be	O
brave	O
!	O


I	O
have	O
defeated	O
the	O
world	O
!	O
''	O


After	O
Jesus	O
said	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
he	O
looked	O
toward	O
heaven	O
and	O
prayed	O
,	O
``	O
Father	O
,	O
the	O
time	O
has	O
come	O
.	O


Give	O
glory	O
to	O
your	O
Son	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
Son	O
can	O
give	O
glory	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
gave	O
the	O
Son	O
power	O
over	O
all	O
people	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
give	O
eternal	O
life	O
to	O
all	O
those	O
you	O
have	O
given	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
eternal	O
life	O
:	O
that	O
people	O
can	O
know	O
you	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
true	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
know	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
you	O
sent	O
.	O


I	O
finished	O
the	O
work	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
brought	O
you	O
glory	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
,	O
Father	O
,	O
give	O
me	O
glory	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


Give	O
me	O
the	O
glory	O
I	O
had	O
with	O
you	O
before	O
the	O
world	O
was	O
made	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
gave	O
me	O
some	O
people	O
from	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
shown	O
them	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
like	O
.	O


They	O
belonged	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
gave	O
them	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
obeyed	O
your	O
teaching	O
.	O


Now	O
they	O
know	O
that	O
everything	O
I	O
have	O
came	O
from	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
told	O
them	O
the	O
words	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
accepted	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
realized	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
I	O
came	O
from	O
you	O
and	O
believed	O
that	O
you	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
for	O
them	O
now	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
praying	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
am	O
praying	O
for	O
these	O
people	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
yours	O
.	O


All	O
I	O
have	O
is	O
yours	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
you	O
have	O
is	O
mine	O
.	O


And	O
my	O
glory	O
is	O
seen	O
in	O
them	O
.	O


``	O
Now	O
I	O
am	O
coming	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
not	O
stay	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
but	O
these	O
followers	O
of	O
mine	O
are	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Holy	O
Father	O
,	O
keep	O
them	O
safe	O
by	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
your	O
name	O
--	O
the	O
name	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
one	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
you	O
and	O
I	O
are	O
one	O
.	O


While	O
I	O
was	O
with	O
them	O
,	O
I	O
kept	O
them	O
safe	O
by	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
your	O
name	O
--	O
the	O
name	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
protected	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
only	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
was	O
lost	O
--	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
sure	O
to	O
be	O
lost	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
truth	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
said	O
would	O
happen	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
am	O
coming	O
to	O
you	O
now	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
pray	O
these	O
things	O
while	O
I	O
am	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
all	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
these	O
followers	O
can	O
have	O
the	O
true	O
happiness	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
completely	O
happy	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
given	O
them	O
your	O
teaching	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
world	O
has	O
hated	O
them	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
asking	O
you	O
to	O
take	O
them	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
am	O
asking	O
that	O
you	O
keep	O
them	O
safe	O
from	O
the	O
Evil	O
One	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Make	O
them	O
ready	O
for	O
your	O
service	O
through	O
your	O
truth	O
.	O


Your	O
teaching	O
is	O
truth	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
sent	O
them	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
you	O
sent	O
me	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
making	O
myself	O
completely	O
ready	O
to	O
serve	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
this	O
for	O
them	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
also	O
might	O
be	O
fully	O
qualified	O
for	O
your	O
service	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
pray	O
not	O
only	O
for	O
these	O
followers	O
but	O
also	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
will	O
believe	O
in	O
me	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
teaching	O
.	O


Father	O
,	O
I	O
pray	O
that	O
all	O
who	O
believe	O
in	O
me	O
can	O
be	O
one	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
in	O
me	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
one	O
in	O
us	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
world	O
will	O
believe	O
that	O
you	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
given	O
them	O
the	O
glory	O
that	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
gave	O
them	O
this	O
glory	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
one	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
you	O
and	O
I	O
are	O
one	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
me	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
completely	O
one	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
world	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
sent	O
me	O
and	O
that	O
you	O
loved	O
them	O
just	O
as	O
you	O
loved	O
me	O
.	O


``	O
Father	O
,	O
I	O
want	O
these	O
people	O
you	O
have	O
given	O
me	O
to	O
be	O
with	O
me	O
in	O
every	O
place	O
I	O
am	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
them	O
to	O
see	O
my	O
glory	O
--	O
the	O
glory	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
because	O
you	O
loved	O
me	O
before	O
the	O
world	O
was	O
made	O
.	O


Father	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
always	O
does	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


The	O
world	O
does	O
not	O
know	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
know	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
followers	O
of	O
mine	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
sent	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
showed	O
them	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
like	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
show	O
them	O
again	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
love	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
for	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
live	O
in	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Jesus	O
finished	O
praying	O
,	O
he	O
left	O
with	O
his	O
followers	O
and	O
went	O
across	O
the	O
Kidron	O
Valley	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
into	O
a	O
garden	O
there	O
,	O
his	O
followers	O
still	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Judas	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
responsible	O
for	O
handing	O
Jesus	O
over	O
,	O
knew	O
where	O
this	O
place	O
was	O
.	O


He	O
knew	O
because	O
Jesus	O
often	O
met	O
there	O
with	O
his	O
followers	O
.	O


So	O
Judas	O
led	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
soldiers	O
to	O
the	O
garden	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
some	O
guards	O
from	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
carrying	O
torches	O
,	O
lanterns	O
,	O
and	O
weapons	O
.	O


Jesus	O
already	O
knew	O
everything	O
that	O
would	O
happen	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
went	O
out	O
and	O
asked	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
are	O
you	O
looking	O
for	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Jesus	O
from	O
Nazareth	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
Jesus	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
Judas	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
responsible	O
for	O
handing	O
Jesus	O
over	O
,	O
was	O
standing	O
there	O
with	O
them	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


When	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
Jesus	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
men	O
moved	O
back	O
and	O
fell	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
them	O
again	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
are	O
you	O
looking	O
for	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Jesus	O
from	O
Nazareth	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
Jesus	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
looking	O
for	O
me	O
,	O
let	O
these	O
other	O
men	O
go	O
free	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
was	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
truth	O
of	O
what	O
Jesus	O
said	O
earlier	O
:	O


``	O
I	O
have	O
not	O
lost	O
anyone	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Simon	O
Peter	O
had	O
a	O
sword	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
pulled	O
out	O
.	O


He	O
struck	O
the	O
servant	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
and	O
cut	O
off	O
his	O
right	O
ear	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
The	O
servant	O
's	O
name	O
was	O
Malchus	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
Peter	O
,	O
``	O
Put	O
your	O
sword	O
back	O
in	O
its	O
place	O
!	O


I	O
must	O
drink	O
from	O
the	O
cup	O
the	O
Father	O
has	O
given	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
soldiers	O
with	O
their	O
commander	O
and	O
the	O
Jewish	O
guards	O
arrested	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
tied	O
him	O
and	O
brought	O
him	O
to	O
Annas	O
,	O
the	O
father	O
-	O


in	O
-	O
law	O
of	O
Caiaphas	O
.	O


Caiaphas	O
was	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
that	O
year	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
also	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
had	O
told	O
the	O
other	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
if	O
one	O
man	O
died	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


Simon	O
Peter	O
and	O
another	O
one	O
of	O
Jesus	O
'	O
followers	O
went	O
with	O
Jesus	O
.	O


This	O
follower	O
knew	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
went	O
with	O
Jesus	O
into	O
the	O
yard	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
's	O
house	O
.	O


But	O
Peter	O
waited	O
outside	O
near	O
the	O
door	O
.	O


The	O
follower	O
who	O
knew	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
came	O
back	O
outside	O
and	O
spoke	O
to	O
the	O
gatekeeper	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
brought	O
Peter	O
inside	O
.	O


The	O
girl	O
at	O
the	O
gate	O
said	O
to	O
Peter	O
,	O
``	O
Are	O
you	O
also	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
followers	O
of	O
that	O
man	O
?	O
''	O


Peter	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
!	O
''	O


It	O
was	O
cold	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
servants	O
and	O
guards	O
had	O
built	O
a	O
fire	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
standing	O
around	O
it	O
,	O
warming	O
themselves	O
,	O
and	O
Peter	O
was	O
standing	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
high	O
priest	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
questions	O
about	O
his	O
followers	O
and	O
what	O
he	O
taught	O
them	O
.	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
have	O
always	O
spoken	O
openly	O
to	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
always	O
taught	O
in	O
the	O
synagogues	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
Jews	O
come	O
together	O
there	O
.	O


I	O
never	O
said	O
anything	O
in	O
secret	O
.	O


So	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
question	O
me	O
?	O


Ask	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
heard	O
my	O
teaching	O
.	O


They	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
said	O
.	O
''	O
When	O
Jesus	O
said	O
this	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
guards	O
standing	O
there	O
hit	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
guard	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
should	O
not	O
talk	O
to	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
like	O
that	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
I	O
said	O
something	O
wrong	O
,	O
tell	O
everyone	O
here	O
what	O
was	O
wrong	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
what	O
I	O
said	O
is	O
right	O
,	O
then	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
hit	O
me	O
?	O
''	O


So	O
Annas	O
sent	O
Jesus	O
to	O
Caiaphas	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
still	O
tied	O
.	O


Simon	O
Peter	O
was	O
standing	O
at	O
the	O
fire	O
,	O
keeping	O
himself	O
warm	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
people	O
said	O
to	O
Peter	O
,	O
``	O
Are	O
n't	O
you	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
followers	O
of	O
that	O
man	O
?	O
''	O


Peter	O
denied	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
.	O
''	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
servants	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
was	O
there	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
relative	O
of	O
the	O
man	O
whose	O
ear	O
Peter	O
had	O
cut	O
off	O
.	O


The	O
servant	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
think	O
I	O
saw	O
you	O
with	O
him	O
in	O
the	O
garden	O
!	O
''	O


But	O
again	O
Peter	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
not	O
with	O
him	O
!	O
''	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
he	O
said	O
this	O
,	O
a	O
rooster	O
crowed	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
guards	O
took	O
Jesus	O
from	O
Caiaphas	O
'	O
house	O
to	O
the	O
Roman	O
governor	O
's	O
palace	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
early	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
.	O


The	O
Jews	O
there	O
would	O
not	O
go	O
inside	O
the	O
palace	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
make	O
themselves	O
unclean	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
eat	O
the	O
Passover	O
meal	O
.	O


So	O
Pilate	O
went	O
outside	O
to	O
them	O
and	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
do	O
you	O
say	O
this	O
man	O
has	O
done	O
wrong	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
is	O
a	O
bad	O
man	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
we	O
brought	O
him	O
to	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Pilate	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
take	O
him	O
yourselves	O
and	O
judge	O
him	O
by	O
your	O
own	O
law	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
your	O
law	O
does	O
not	O
allow	O
us	O
to	O
punish	O
anyone	O
by	O
killing	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
This	O
was	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
truth	O
of	O
what	O
Jesus	O
said	O
about	O
how	O
he	O
would	O
die	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Then	O
Pilate	O
went	O
back	O
inside	O
the	O
palace	O
.	O


He	O
called	O
for	O
Jesus	O
and	O
asked	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Are	O
you	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Is	O
that	O
your	O
own	O
question	O
,	O
or	O
did	O
other	O
people	O
tell	O
you	O
about	O
me	O
?	O
''	O


Pilate	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
a	O
Jew	O
!	O


It	O
was	O
your	O
own	O
people	O
and	O
their	O
leading	O
priests	O
who	O
brought	O
you	O
before	O
me	O
.	O


What	O
have	O
you	O
done	O
wrong	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
kingdom	O
does	O
not	O
belong	O
to	O
this	O
world	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
did	O
,	O
my	O
servants	O
would	O
fight	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
my	O
kingdom	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
earthly	O
one	O
.	O
''	O


Pilate	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
So	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
king	O
.	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
right	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
king	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
born	O
for	O
this	O
:	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
about	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
came	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


And	O
everyone	O
who	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
truth	O
listens	O
to	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Pilate	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
is	O
truth	O
?	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
again	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
can	O
find	O
nothing	O
against	O
this	O
man	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
your	O
customs	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
free	O
one	O
prisoner	O
to	O
you	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
Passover	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
want	O
me	O
to	O
free	O
this	O
'	O
king	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
'	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
shouted	O
back	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
,	O
not	O
him	O
!	O


Let	O
Barabbas	O
go	O
free	O
!	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
Barabbas	O
was	O
a	O
rebel	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Later	O
,	O
Jesus	O
appeared	O
again	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
by	O
Lake	O
Galilee	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
how	O
it	O
happened	O
:	O
Some	O
of	O
the	O
followers	O
were	O
together	O
--	O
Simon	O
Peter	O
,	O
Thomas	O
-LRB-	O
called	O
Didymus	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Nathanael	O
from	O
Cana	O
in	O
Galilee	O
,	O
the	O
two	O
sons	O
of	O
Zebedee	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
other	O
followers	O
.	O


Simon	O
Peter	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
out	O
to	O
fish	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
other	O
followers	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
will	O
go	O
with	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
went	O
out	O
and	O
got	O
into	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


They	O
fished	O
that	O
night	O
but	O
caught	O
nothing	O
.	O


Early	O
the	O
next	O
morning	O
Jesus	O
stood	O
on	O
the	O
shore	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
followers	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
it	O
was	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Friends	O
,	O
have	O
you	O
caught	O
any	O
fish	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Throw	O
your	O
net	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
side	O
of	O
your	O
boat	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
find	O
some	O
fish	O
there	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
they	O
did	O
this	O
.	O


They	O
caught	O
so	O
many	O
fish	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
pull	O
the	O
net	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


The	O
follower	O
Jesus	O
loved	O
very	O
much	O
said	O
to	O
Peter	O
,	O
``	O
That	O
man	O
is	O
the	O
Lord	O
!	O
''	O


When	O
Peter	O
heard	O
him	O
say	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
he	O
wrapped	O
his	O
coat	O
around	O
himself	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
He	O
had	O
taken	O
his	O
clothes	O
off	O
to	O
work	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Then	O
he	O
jumped	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
followers	O
went	O
to	O
shore	O
in	O
the	O
boat	O
.	O


They	O
pulled	O
the	O
net	O
full	O
of	O
fish	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
not	O
very	O
far	O
from	O
shore	O
,	O
only	O
about	O
100	O
yards	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
stepped	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
boat	O
and	O
onto	O
the	O
shore	O
,	O
they	O
saw	O
a	O
fire	O
of	O
hot	O
coals	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
fish	O
on	O
the	O
fire	O
and	O
some	O
bread	O
there	O
too	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Bring	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
fish	O
that	O
you	O
caught	O
.	O
''	O


Simon	O
Peter	O
got	O
into	O
the	O
boat	O
and	O
pulled	O
the	O
net	O
to	O
the	O
shore	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
full	O
of	O
big	O
fish	O
--	O
153	O
of	O
them	O
!	O


But	O
even	O
with	O
that	O
many	O
fish	O
,	O
the	O
net	O
did	O
not	O
tear	O
.	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
and	O
eat	O
.	O
''	O


None	O
of	O
the	O
followers	O
would	O
ask	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
are	O
you	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
knew	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Jesus	O
walked	O
over	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
bread	O
and	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
gave	O
them	O
the	O
fish	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
now	O
the	O
third	O
time	O
Jesus	O
appeared	O
to	O
his	O
followers	O
after	O
he	O
was	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
finished	O
eating	O
,	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
Simon	O
Peter	O
,	O
``	O
Simon	O
,	O
son	O
of	O
John	O
,	O
do	O
you	O
love	O
me	O
more	O
than	O
these	O
other	O
men	O
love	O
me	O
?	O
''	O


Peter	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
Lord	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
love	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Take	O
care	O
of	O
my	O
lambs	O
.	O
''	O


Again	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Simon	O
,	O
son	O
of	O
John	O
,	O
do	O
you	O
love	O
me	O
?	O
''	O


Peter	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
Lord	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
love	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Take	O
care	O
of	O
my	O
sheep	O
.	O
''	O


A	O
third	O
time	O
Jesus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Simon	O
,	O
son	O
of	O
John	O
,	O
do	O
you	O
love	O
me	O
?	O
''	O


Peter	O
was	O
sad	O
because	O
Jesus	O
asked	O
him	O
three	O
times	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
love	O
me	O
?	O
''	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
everything	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
love	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Take	O
care	O
of	O
my	O
sheep	O
.	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
were	O
young	O
,	O
you	O
tied	O
your	O
own	O
belt	O
and	O
went	O
where	O
you	O
wanted	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
you	O
are	O
old	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
put	O
out	O
your	O
hands	O
,	O
and	O
someone	O
else	O
will	O
tie	O
your	O
belt	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
lead	O
you	O
where	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
Jesus	O
said	O
this	O
to	O
show	O
how	O
Peter	O
would	O
die	O
to	O
give	O
glory	O
to	O
God	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
Peter	O
,	O
``	O
Follow	O
me	O
!	O
''	O


Peter	O
turned	O
and	O
saw	O
the	O
follower	O
Jesus	O
loved	O
very	O
much	O
walking	O
behind	O
them	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
This	O
was	O
the	O
follower	O
who	O
had	O
leaned	O
against	O
Jesus	O
at	O
the	O
supper	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
it	O
that	O
will	O
hand	O
you	O
over	O
?	O
''	O


-RRB-	O
When	O
Peter	O
saw	O
him	O
behind	O
them	O
,	O
he	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
what	O
about	O
him	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Maybe	O
I	O
want	O
him	O
to	O
live	O
until	O
I	O
come	O
.	O


That	O
should	O
not	O
matter	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
follow	O
me	O
!	O
''	O


So	O
a	O
story	O
spread	O
among	O
the	O
followers	O
of	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
saying	O
that	O
this	O
follower	O
would	O
not	O
die	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
did	O
not	O
say	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
die	O
.	O


He	O
only	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Maybe	O
I	O
want	O
him	O
to	O
live	O
until	O
I	O
come	O
.	O


That	O
should	O
not	O
matter	O
to	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


That	O
follower	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
telling	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
now	O
written	O
them	O
all	O
down	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
what	O
he	O
says	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
many	O
other	O
things	O
that	O
Jesus	O
did	O
.	O


If	O
every	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
written	O
down	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
big	O
enough	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
books	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
written	O
.	O


Dear	O
Theophilus	O
,	O
The	O
first	O
book	O
I	O
wrote	O
was	O
about	O
everything	O
Jesus	O
did	O
and	O
taught	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
until	O
the	O
day	O
he	O
was	O
carried	O
up	O
into	O
heaven	O
.	O


Before	O
he	O
went	O
,	O
he	O
talked	O
to	O
the	O
apostles	O
he	O
had	O
chosen	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
,	O
he	O
told	O
them	O
what	O
they	O
should	O
do	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
after	O
his	O
death	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
showed	O
them	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
alive	O
,	O
proving	O
it	O
to	O
them	O
in	O
many	O
ways	O
.	O


The	O
apostles	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
many	O
times	O
during	O
the	O
40	O
days	O
after	O
he	O
was	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


He	O
spoke	O
to	O
them	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


One	O
time	O
when	O
Jesus	O
was	O
eating	O
with	O
them	O
,	O
he	O
told	O
them	O
not	O
to	O
leave	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Wait	O
here	O
until	O
you	O
receive	O
what	O
the	O
Father	O
promised	O
to	O
send	O
.	O


Remember	O
,	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
about	O
it	O
before	O
.	O


John	O
baptized	O
people	O
with	O
water	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
baptized	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
apostles	O
were	O
all	O
together	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
Jesus	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
is	O
this	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
their	O
kingdom	O
again	O
?	O
''	O


Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Father	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
the	O
authority	O
to	O
decide	O
dates	O
and	O
times	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
not	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
will	O
come	O
on	O
you	O
and	O
give	O
you	O
power	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
my	O
witnesses	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
tell	O
people	O
everywhere	O
about	O
me	O
--	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
Judea	O
,	O
in	O
Samaria	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
every	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
Jesus	O
said	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
lifted	O
up	O
into	O
the	O
sky	O
.	O


While	O
they	O
were	O
watching	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
into	O
a	O
cloud	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
see	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
staring	O
into	O
the	O
sky	O
where	O
he	O
had	O
gone	O
.	O


Suddenly	O
two	O
men	O
wearing	O
white	O
clothes	O
were	O
standing	O
beside	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Men	O
from	O
Galilee	O
,	O
why	O
are	O
you	O
standing	O
here	O
looking	O
into	O
the	O
sky	O
?	O


You	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
carried	O
away	O
from	O
you	O
into	O
heaven	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
come	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
you	O
saw	O
him	O
go	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
apostles	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
from	O
the	O
Mount	O
of	O
Olives	O
.	O


This	O
mountain	O
is	O
about	O
a	O
half	O
mile	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
entered	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
they	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
upstairs	O
room	O
where	O
they	O
were	O
staying	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
were	O
there	O
:	O
Peter	O
,	O
John	O
,	O
James	O
,	O
Andrew	O
,	O
Philip	O
,	O
Thomas	O
,	O
Bartholomew	O
,	O
Matthew	O
,	O
James	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Alphaeus	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Simon	O
,	O
the	O
Zealot	O
,	O
and	O
Judas	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
James	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
apostles	O
were	O
all	O
together	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
constantly	O
praying	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
purpose	O
.	O


Some	O
women	O
,	O
Mary	O
the	O
mother	O
of	O
Jesus	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
brothers	O
were	O
there	O
with	O
the	O
apostles	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
believers	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
about	O
120	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


Peter	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
said	O
through	O
David	O
that	O
something	O
must	O
happen	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
Judas	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
our	O
own	O
group	O
.	O


Judas	O
served	O
together	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
said	O
that	O
Judas	O
would	O
lead	O
men	O
to	O
arrest	O
Jesus	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
Judas	O
was	O
paid	O
money	O
for	O
doing	O
this	O
.	O


His	O
money	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
buy	O
him	O
a	O
field	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
fell	O
on	O
his	O
head	O
,	O
his	O
body	O
broke	O
open	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
his	O
intestines	O
poured	O
out	O
.	O


And	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Jerusalem	O
learned	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
they	O
named	O
that	O
field	O
Akeldama	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
their	O
language	O
means	O
``	O
field	O
of	O
blood	O
.	O
''	O
-RRB-	O


Peter	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
In	O
the	O
book	O
of	O
Psalms	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
written	O
about	O
Judas	O
:	O
'	O
People	O
should	O
not	O
go	O
near	O
his	O
land	O
;	O
no	O
one	O
should	O
live	O
there	O
.	O
'	O


And	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
written	O
:	O
'	O
Let	O
another	O
man	O
have	O
his	O
work	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
So	O
now	O
another	O
man	O
must	O
join	O
us	O
and	O
be	O
a	O
witness	O
of	O
Jesus	O
'	O
resurrection	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
men	O
who	O
were	O
part	O
of	O
our	O
group	O
during	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
was	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
have	O
been	O
with	O
us	O
from	O
the	O
time	O
John	O
was	O
baptizing	O
people	O
until	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
Jesus	O
was	O
carried	O
up	O
from	O
us	O
into	O
heaven	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
put	O
two	O
men	O
before	O
the	O
group	O
.	O


One	O
was	O
Joseph	O
Barsabbas	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
also	O
called	O
Justus	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
man	O
was	O
Matthias	O
.	O


They	O
prayed	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
minds	O
of	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


Show	O
us	O
which	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
men	O
you	O
choose	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
work	O
.	O


Judas	O
turned	O
away	O
from	O
it	O
and	O
went	O
where	O
he	O
belongs	O
.	O


Lord	O
,	O
show	O
us	O
which	O
man	O
should	O
take	O
his	O
place	O
as	O
an	O
apostle	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
they	O
used	O
lots	O
to	O
choose	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
men	O
.	O


The	O
lots	O
showed	O
that	O
Matthias	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
the	O
Lord	O
wanted	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
became	O
an	O
apostle	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
eleven	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
Pentecost	O
came	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
all	O
together	O
in	O
one	O
place	O
.	O


Suddenly	O
a	O
noise	O
came	O
from	O
heaven	O
.	O


It	O
sounded	O
like	O
a	O
strong	O
wind	O
blowing	O
.	O


This	O
noise	O
filled	O
the	O
whole	O
house	O
where	O
they	O
were	O
sitting	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
something	O
that	O
looked	O
like	O
flames	O
of	O
fire	O
.	O


The	O
flames	O
were	O
separated	O
and	O
stood	O
over	O
each	O
person	O
there	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
all	O
filled	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
began	O
to	O
speak	O
different	O
languages	O
.	O


The	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
was	O
giving	O
them	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
some	O
godly	O
Jews	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
from	O
every	O
country	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


A	O
large	O
crowd	O
came	O
together	O
because	O
they	O
heard	O
the	O
noise	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
surprised	O
because	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
apostles	O
were	O
speaking	O
,	O
everyone	O
heard	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
language	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
all	O
amazed	O
at	O
this	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
understand	O
how	O
the	O
apostles	O
could	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
!	O


These	O
men	O
we	O
hear	O
speaking	O
are	O
all	O
from	O
Galilee	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
hear	O
them	O
in	O
our	O
own	O
languages	O
.	O


How	O
is	O
this	O
possible	O
?	O


We	O
are	O
from	O
all	O
these	O
different	O
places	O
:	O
Parthia	O
,	O
Media	O
,	O
Elam	O
,	O
Mesopotamia	O
,	O
Judea	O
,	O
Cappadocia	O
,	O
Pontus	O
,	O
Asia	O
,	O
Phrygia	O
,	O
Pamphylia	O
,	O
Egypt	O
,	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
Libya	O
near	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Cyrene	O
,	O
Rome	O
,	O
Crete	O
,	O
and	O
Arabia	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
us	O
were	O
born	O
Jews	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
have	O
changed	O
their	O
religion	O
to	O
worship	O
God	O
like	O
Jews	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
from	O
these	O
different	O
countries	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
can	O
hear	O
these	O
men	O
in	O
our	O
own	O
languages	O
!	O


We	O
can	O
all	O
understand	O
the	O
great	O
things	O
they	O
are	O
saying	O
about	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
were	O
all	O
amazed	O
and	O
confused	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
is	O
happening	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
others	O
were	O
laughing	O
at	O
the	O
apostles	O
,	O
saying	O
they	O
were	O
drunk	O
from	O
too	O
much	O
wine	O
.	O


Then	O
Peter	O
stood	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
eleven	O
apostles	O
.	O


He	O
spoke	O
loudly	O
so	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
could	O
hear	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
Jewish	O
brothers	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
who	O
live	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
listen	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
something	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
know	O
.	O


Listen	O
carefully	O
.	O


These	O
men	O
are	O
not	O
drunk	O
as	O
you	O
think	O
;	O
it	O
's	O
only	O
nine	O
o'clock	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
.	O


But	O
Joel	O
the	O
prophet	O
wrote	O
about	O
what	O
you	O
see	O
happening	O
here	O
today	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
he	O
wrote	O
:	O
'	O
God	O
says	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
last	O
days	O
I	O
will	O
pour	O
out	O
my	O
Spirit	O
on	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


Your	O
sons	O
and	O
daughters	O
will	O
prophesy	O
.	O


Your	O
young	O
men	O
will	O
see	O
visions	O
.	O


Your	O
old	O
men	O
will	O
have	O
special	O
dreams	O
.	O


In	O
those	O
days	O
I	O
will	O
pour	O
out	O
my	O
Spirit	O
on	O
my	O
servants	O
,	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
prophesy	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
work	O
wonders	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
above	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
cause	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
on	O
the	O
earth	O
below	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
blood	O
,	O
fire	O
,	O
and	O
thick	O
smoke	O
.	O


The	O
sun	O
will	O
be	O
changed	O
into	O
darkness	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
moon	O
will	O
be	O
as	O
red	O
as	O
blood	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
great	O
and	O
glorious	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
will	O
come	O
.	O


And	O
everyone	O
who	O
trusts	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
will	O
be	O
saved	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
My	O
fellow	O
Israelites	O
,	O
listen	O
to	O
these	O
words	O
:	O


Jesus	O
from	O
Nazareth	O
was	O
a	O
very	O
special	O
man	O
.	O


God	O
clearly	O
showed	O
this	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
proved	O
it	O
by	O
the	O
miracles	O
,	O
wonders	O
,	O
and	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
he	O
did	O
through	O
Jesus	O
.	O


You	O
all	O
saw	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
so	O
you	O
know	O
this	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
killed	O
him	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
evil	O
men	O
,	O
you	O
nailed	O
him	O
to	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
knew	O
all	O
this	O
would	O
happen	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
his	O
plan	O
--	O
a	O
plan	O
he	O
made	O
long	O
ago	O
.	O


Jesus	O
suffered	O
the	O
pain	O
of	O
death	O
,	O
but	O
God	O
made	O
him	O
free	O
.	O


He	O
raised	O
him	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
no	O
way	O
for	O
death	O
to	O
hold	O
him	O
.	O


David	O
said	O
this	O
about	O
him	O
:	O
'	O
I	O
saw	O
the	O
Lord	O
before	O
me	O
always	O
;	O
he	O
is	O
at	O
my	O
right	O
side	O
to	O
keep	O
me	O
safe	O
.	O


So	O
my	O
heart	O
is	O
happy	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
words	O
I	O
speak	O
are	O
words	O
of	O
joy	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
even	O
my	O
body	O
will	O
live	O
with	O
hope	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
leave	O
me	O
in	O
the	O
place	O
of	O
death	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
not	O
let	O
the	O
body	O
of	O
your	O
Holy	O
One	O
rot	O
in	O
the	O
grave	O
.	O


You	O
taught	O
me	O
how	O
to	O
live	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
come	O
close	O
to	O
me	O
and	O
give	O
me	O
great	O
joy	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
My	O
brothers	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
for	O
sure	O
about	O
David	O
,	O
our	O
great	O
ancestor	O
.	O


He	O
died	O
,	O
was	O
buried	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
tomb	O
is	O
still	O
here	O
with	O
us	O
today	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
prophet	O
and	O
knew	O
something	O
that	O
God	O
had	O
said	O
.	O


God	O
had	O
promised	O
David	O
that	O
someone	O
from	O
his	O
own	O
family	O
would	O
sit	O
on	O
David	O
's	O
throne	O
as	O
king	O
.	O


David	O
knew	O
this	O
before	O
it	O
happened	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
he	O
said	O
this	O
about	O
that	O
future	O
king	O
:	O
'	O
He	O
was	O
not	O
left	O
in	O
the	O
place	O
of	O
death	O
.	O


His	O
body	O
did	O
not	O
rot	O
in	O
the	O
grave	O
.	O
'	O


David	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
Christ	O
rising	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


So	O
Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
God	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
all	O
witnesses	O
of	O
this	O
.	O


We	O
saw	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
lifted	O
up	O
to	O
heaven	O
.	O


Now	O
he	O
is	O
with	O
God	O
,	O
at	O
God	O
's	O
right	O
side	O
.	O


The	O
Father	O
has	O
given	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
promised	O
.	O


So	O
Jesus	O
has	O
now	O
poured	O
out	O
that	O
Spirit	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
you	O
see	O
and	O
hear	O
.	O


David	O
was	O
not	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
lifted	O
up	O
to	O
heaven	O
.	O


David	O
himself	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
Lord	O
God	O
said	O
to	O
my	O
Lord	O
:	O
Sit	O
at	O
my	O
right	O
side	O
,	O
until	O
I	O
put	O
your	O
enemies	O
under	O
your	O
power	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
So	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
should	O
know	O
this	O
for	O
certain	O
:	O
God	O
has	O
made	O
Jesus	O
to	O
be	O
Lord	O
and	O
Christ	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
man	O
you	O
nailed	O
to	O
the	O
cross	O
!	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
people	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
felt	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
sorry	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
Peter	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
apostles	O
,	O
``	O
Brothers	O
,	O
what	O
should	O
we	O
do	O
?	O
''	O


Peter	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Change	O
your	O
hearts	O
and	O
lives	O
and	O
be	O
baptized	O
,	O
each	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Then	O
God	O
will	O
forgive	O
your	O
sins	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
receive	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


This	O
promise	O
is	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
also	O
for	O
your	O
children	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
far	O
away	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
for	O
everyone	O
the	O
Lord	O
our	O
God	O
calls	O
to	O
himself	O
.	O
''	O


Peter	O
warned	O
them	O
with	O
many	O
other	O
words	O
;	O
he	O
begged	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Save	O
yourselves	O
from	O
the	O
evil	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
live	O
now	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
those	O
who	O
accepted	O
what	O
Peter	O
said	O
were	O
baptized	O
.	O


On	O
that	O
day	O
about	O
3000	O
people	O
were	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
believers	O
.	O


The	O
believers	O
spent	O
their	O
time	O
listening	O
to	O
the	O
teaching	O
of	O
the	O
apostles	O
.	O


They	O
shared	O
everything	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


They	O
ate	O
together	O
and	O
prayed	O
together	O
.	O


Many	O
wonders	O
and	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
were	O
happening	O
through	O
the	O
apostles	O
,	O
and	O
everyone	O
felt	O
great	O
respect	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
believers	O
stayed	O
together	O
and	O
shared	O
everything	O
.	O


They	O
sold	O
their	O
land	O
and	O
the	O
things	O
they	O
owned	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
divided	O
the	O
money	O
and	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
needed	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
believers	O
shared	O
a	O
common	O
purpose	O
,	O
and	O
every	O
day	O
they	O
spent	O
much	O
of	O
their	O
time	O
together	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
ate	O
together	O
in	O
their	O
homes	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
happy	O
to	O
share	O
their	O
food	O
and	O
ate	O
with	O
joyful	O
hearts	O
.	O


The	O
believers	O
praised	O
God	O
and	O
were	O
respected	O
by	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


More	O
and	O
more	O
people	O
were	O
being	O
saved	O
every	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
was	O
adding	O
them	O
to	O
their	O
group	O
.	O


One	O
day	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
three	O
o'clock	O
in	O
the	O
afternoon	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
daily	O
Temple	O
prayer	O
service	O
.	O


As	O
they	O
were	O
entering	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
,	O
a	O
man	O
was	O
there	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
crippled	O
all	O
his	O
life	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
being	O
carried	O
by	O
some	O
friends	O
who	O
brought	O
him	O
to	O
the	O
Temple	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


They	O
put	O
him	O
by	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
gates	O
outside	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
called	O
Beautiful	O
Gate	O
.	O


There	O
he	O
begged	O
for	O
money	O
from	O
the	O
people	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


That	O
day	O
he	O
saw	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
going	O
into	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
them	O
for	O
money	O
.	O


Peter	O
and	O
John	O
looked	O
at	O
the	O
crippled	O
man	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
at	O
us	O
!	O
''	O


He	O
looked	O
at	O
them	O
;	O
he	O
thought	O
they	O
would	O
give	O
him	O
some	O
money	O
.	O


But	O
Peter	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
silver	O
or	O
gold	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
do	O
have	O
something	O
else	O
I	O
can	O
give	O
you	O
.	O


By	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
from	O
Nazareth	O
--	O
stand	O
up	O
and	O
walk	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
Peter	O
took	O
the	O
man	O
's	O
right	O
hand	O
and	O
lifted	O
him	O
up	O
.	O


Immediately	O
his	O
feet	O
and	O
legs	O
became	O
strong	O
.	O


He	O
jumped	O
up	O
,	O
stood	O
on	O
his	O
feet	O
,	O
and	O
began	O
to	O
walk	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
walking	O
and	O
jumping	O
and	O
praising	O
God	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
recognized	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
knew	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
crippled	O
man	O
who	O
always	O
sat	O
by	O
the	O
Beautiful	O
Gate	O
to	O
beg	O
for	O
money	O
.	O


Now	O
they	O
saw	O
this	O
same	O
man	O
walking	O
and	O
praising	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
amazed	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
understand	O
how	O
this	O
could	O
happen	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
was	O
holding	O
on	O
to	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
amazed	O
.	O


They	O
ran	O
to	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
at	O
Solomon	O
's	O
Porch	O
.	O


When	O
Peter	O
saw	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
Jewish	O
brothers	O
,	O
why	O
are	O
you	O
surprised	O
at	O
this	O
?	O


You	O
are	O
looking	O
at	O
us	O
as	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
our	O
power	O
that	O
made	O
this	O
man	O
walk	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
this	O
was	O
done	O
because	O
we	O
are	O
good	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
God	O
did	O
it	O
!	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
Abraham	O
,	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
Isaac	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
Jacob	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
all	O
our	O
fathers	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
glory	O
to	O
Jesus	O
,	O
his	O
special	O
servant	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
handed	O
him	O
over	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O


Pilate	O
decided	O
to	O
let	O
him	O
go	O
free	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
told	O
Pilate	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
holy	O
and	O
good	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
said	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
him	O
.	O


You	O
told	O
Pilate	O
to	O
give	O
you	O
a	O
murderer	O
instead	O
of	O
Jesus	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
you	O
killed	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
gives	O
life	O
!	O


But	O
God	O
raised	O
him	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
witnesses	O
of	O
this	O
--	O
we	O
saw	O
it	O
with	O
our	O
own	O
eyes	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
crippled	O
man	O
was	O
healed	O
because	O
we	O
trusted	O
in	O
Jesus	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
Jesus	O
'	O
power	O
that	O
made	O
him	O
well	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
see	O
this	O
man	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
know	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
made	O
completely	O
well	O
because	O
of	O
faith	O
in	O
Jesus	O
.	O


You	O
all	O
saw	O
it	O
happen	O
!	O


``	O
My	O
brothers	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
what	O
you	O
did	O
to	O
Jesus	O
was	O
done	O
because	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
understand	O
what	O
you	O
were	O
doing	O
.	O


And	O
your	O
leaders	O
did	O
not	O
understand	O
any	O
more	O
than	O
you	O
did	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
said	O
these	O
things	O
would	O
happen	O
.	O


Through	O
the	O
prophets	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
his	O
Christ	O
would	O
suffer	O
and	O
die	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
how	O
God	O
made	O
this	O
happen	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
must	O
change	O
your	O
hearts	O
and	O
lives	O
.	O


Come	O
back	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
forgive	O
your	O
sins	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
Lord	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
times	O
of	O
spiritual	O
rest	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
send	O
you	O
Jesus	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
he	O
chose	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
Jesus	O
must	O
stay	O
in	O
heaven	O
until	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
all	O
things	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
right	O
again	O
.	O


God	O
told	O
about	O
this	O
time	O
when	O
he	O
spoke	O
long	O
ago	O
through	O
his	O
holy	O
prophets	O
.	O


Moses	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
Lord	O
your	O
God	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
a	O
prophet	O
.	O


That	O
prophet	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
among	O
your	O
own	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
be	O
like	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
obey	O
everything	O
he	O
tells	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
anyone	O
who	O
refuses	O
to	O
obey	O
that	O
prophet	O
will	O
die	O
,	O
separated	O
from	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Samuel	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
prophets	O
who	O
spoke	O
for	O
God	O
after	O
Samuel	O
,	O
said	O
that	O
this	O
time	O
would	O
come	O
.	O


And	O
what	O
those	O
prophets	O
talked	O
about	O
is	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
their	O
descendants	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
received	O
the	O
agreement	O
that	O
God	O
made	O
with	O
your	O
fathers	O
.	O


God	O
said	O
to	O
your	O
father	O
Abraham	O
,	O
'	O
Every	O
nation	O
on	O
earth	O
will	O
be	O
blessed	O
through	O
your	O
descendants	O
.	O
'	O


God	O
has	O
sent	O
his	O
special	O
servant	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
sent	O
him	O
to	O
you	O
first	O
.	O


He	O
sent	O
him	O
to	O
bless	O
you	O
by	O
causing	O
each	O
of	O
you	O
to	O
turn	O
away	O
from	O
your	O
evil	O
ways	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
were	O
speaking	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
some	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
came	O
up	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
some	O
priests	O
,	O
the	O
captain	O
of	O
the	O
soldiers	O
that	O
guarded	O
the	O
Temple	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
Sadducees	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
upset	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
were	O
teaching	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


By	O
telling	O
people	O
about	O
Jesus	O
,	O
the	O
apostles	O
were	O
teaching	O
that	O
people	O
will	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


The	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
arrested	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
and	O
put	O
them	O
in	O
jail	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
already	O
night	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
kept	O
them	O
in	O
jail	O
until	O
the	O
next	O
day	O
.	O


But	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
heard	O
the	O
apostles	O
believed	O
what	O
they	O
said	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
now	O
about	O
5000	O
men	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
believers	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
the	O
Jewish	O
rulers	O
,	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
met	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


Annas	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
,	O
Caiaphas	O
,	O
John	O
,	O
and	O
Alexander	O
were	O
there	O
.	O


Everyone	O
from	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
's	O
family	O
was	O
there	O
.	O


They	O
made	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
stand	O
before	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
them	O
over	O
and	O
over	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
did	O
you	O
make	O
this	O
crippled	O
man	O
well	O
?	O


What	O
power	O
did	O
you	O
use	O
?	O


By	O
whose	O
authority	O
did	O
you	O
do	O
this	O
?	O
''	O


Then	O
Peter	O
was	O
filled	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Rulers	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
you	O
older	O
leaders	O
,	O
are	O
you	O
questioning	O
us	O
today	O
about	O
what	O
we	O
did	O
to	O
help	O
this	O
crippled	O
man	O
?	O


Are	O
you	O
asking	O
us	O
what	O
made	O
him	O
well	O
?	O


We	O
want	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
this	O
man	O
was	O
made	O
well	O
by	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
from	O
Nazareth	O
.	O


You	O
nailed	O
Jesus	O
to	O
a	O
cross	O
,	O
but	O
God	O
raised	O
him	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


This	O
man	O
was	O
crippled	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
is	O
now	O
well	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
stand	O
here	O
before	O
you	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
Jesus	O
!	O


Jesus	O
is	O
'	O
the	O
stone	O
that	O
you	O
builders	O
thought	O
was	O
not	O
important	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
stone	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
cornerstone	O
.	O
'	O


Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
who	O
can	O
save	O
people	O
.	O


His	O
name	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
power	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
to	O
save	O
anyone	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
be	O
saved	O
through	O
him	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
understood	O
that	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
had	O
no	O
special	O
training	O
or	O
education	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
also	O
saw	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
afraid	O
to	O
speak	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
leaders	O
were	O
amazed	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
realized	O
that	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
had	O
been	O
with	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
the	O
crippled	O
man	O
standing	O
there	O
beside	O
the	O
apostles	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
healed	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
could	O
say	O
nothing	O
against	O
the	O
apostles	O
.	O


The	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
council	O
meeting	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
leaders	O
talked	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
about	O
what	O
they	O
should	O
do	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
shall	O
we	O
do	O
with	O
these	O
men	O
?	O


Everyone	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
knows	O
about	O
the	O
miracle	O
they	O
did	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
too	O
obvious	O
.	O


We	O
ca	O
n't	O
say	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
happen	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
must	O
make	O
them	O
afraid	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
anyone	O
again	O
about	O
that	O
man	O
.	O


Then	O
this	O
problem	O
will	O
not	O
spread	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
called	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
in	O
again	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
the	O
apostles	O
not	O
to	O
say	O
anything	O
or	O
to	O
teach	O
anything	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
Jesus	O
.	O


But	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
answered	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
is	O
right	O
?	O


What	O
would	O
God	O
want	O
?	O


Should	O
we	O
obey	O
you	O
or	O
God	O
?	O


We	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
quiet	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
tell	O
people	O
about	O
what	O
we	O
have	O
seen	O
and	O
heard	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
could	O
not	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
punish	O
the	O
apostles	O
,	O
because	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
praising	O
God	O
for	O
what	O
had	O
been	O
done	O
.	O


This	O
miracle	O
was	O
a	O
sign	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
who	O
was	O
healed	O
was	O
more	O
than	O
40	O
years	O
old	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
warned	O
the	O
apostles	O
again	O
and	O
let	O
them	O
go	O
free	O
.	O


Peter	O
and	O
John	O
left	O
the	O
meeting	O
of	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
their	O
own	O
group	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
the	O
group	O
everything	O
that	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
had	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
believers	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
all	O
prayed	O
to	O
God	O
with	O
one	O
purpose	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Master	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
made	O
the	O
sky	O
,	O
the	O
earth	O
,	O
the	O
sea	O
,	O
and	O
everything	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Our	O
ancestor	O
David	O
was	O
your	O
servant	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
he	O
wrote	O
these	O
words	O
:	O
'	O
Why	O
are	O
the	O
nations	O
shouting	O
?	O


Why	O
are	O
the	O
people	O
planning	O
such	O
useless	O
things	O
?	O


The	O
kings	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
prepare	O
themselves	O
to	O
fight	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
rulers	O
all	O
come	O
together	O
against	O
the	O
Lord	O
and	O
against	O
his	O
Christ	O
.	O
'	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
actually	O
happened	O
when	O
Herod	O
,	O
Pontius	O
Pilate	O
,	O
the	O
other	O
nations	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
all	O
came	O
together	O
against	O
Jesus	O
here	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
your	O
holy	O
Servant	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
you	O
made	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O


These	O
people	O
who	O
came	O
together	O
against	O
Jesus	O
made	O
your	O
plan	O
happen	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
done	O
because	O
of	O
your	O
power	O
and	O
your	O
will	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
,	O
Lord	O
,	O
listen	O
to	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
saying	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
us	O
afraid	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
your	O
servants	O
.	O


Help	O
us	O
to	O
say	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
us	O
to	O
say	O
without	O
fear	O
.	O


Help	O
us	O
to	O
be	O
brave	O
by	O
showing	O
us	O
your	O
power	O
.	O


Make	O
sick	O
people	O
well	O
.	O


Cause	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
and	O
wonders	O
to	O
happen	O
by	O
the	O
authority	O
of	O
Jesus	O
,	O
your	O
holy	O
servant	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
the	O
believers	O
prayed	O
,	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
they	O
were	O
meeting	O
shook	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
all	O
filled	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
continued	O
to	O
speak	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
without	O
fear	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
group	O
of	O
believers	O
was	O
united	O
in	O
their	O
thinking	O
and	O
in	O
what	O
they	O
wanted	O
.	O


None	O
of	O
them	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
things	O
they	O
had	O
were	O
their	O
own	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
they	O
shared	O
everything	O
.	O


With	O
great	O
power	O
the	O
apostles	O
were	O
making	O
it	O
known	O
to	O
everyone	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
was	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
blessed	O
all	O
the	O
believers	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


None	O
of	O
them	O
could	O
say	O
they	O
needed	O
anything	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
owned	O
fields	O
or	O
houses	O
sold	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
brought	O
the	O
money	O
they	O
got	O
and	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
apostles	O
.	O


Then	O
everyone	O
was	O
given	O
whatever	O
they	O
needed	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
believers	O
was	O
named	O
Joseph	O
.	O


The	O
apostles	O
called	O
him	O
Barnabas	O
,	O
a	O
name	O
that	O
means	O
``	O
one	O
who	O
encourages	O
others	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
Levite	O
born	O
in	O
Cyprus	O
.	O


Joseph	O
sold	O
a	O
field	O
he	O
owned	O
.	O


He	O
brought	O
the	O
money	O
and	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
apostles	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
named	O
Ananias	O
.	O


His	O
wife	O
's	O
name	O
was	O
Sapphira	O
.	O


Ananias	O
sold	O
some	O
land	O
he	O
had	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
gave	O
only	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
money	O
to	O
the	O
apostles	O
.	O


He	O
secretly	O
kept	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
money	O
for	O
himself	O
.	O


His	O
wife	O
knew	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
agreed	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


Peter	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Ananias	O
,	O
why	O
did	O
you	O
let	O
Satan	O
fill	O
your	O
mind	O
with	O
such	O
an	O
idea	O
?	O


You	O
kept	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
money	O
for	O
yourself	O
and	O
lied	O
about	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
!	O


Before	O
you	O
sold	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
it	O
belonged	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


And	O
even	O
after	O
you	O
sold	O
it	O
,	O
you	O
could	O
have	O
used	O
the	O
money	O
any	O
way	O
you	O
wanted	O
.	O


How	O
could	O
you	O
even	O
think	O
of	O
doing	O
such	O
a	O
thing	O
?	O


You	O
lied	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
us	O
!	O
''	O


When	O
Ananias	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
fell	O
down	O
and	O
died	O
.	O


Some	O
young	O
men	O
came	O
and	O
wrapped	O
his	O
body	O
.	O


They	O
carried	O
it	O
out	O
and	O
buried	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
everyone	O
who	O
heard	O
about	O
this	O
was	O
filled	O
with	O
fear	O
.	O


About	O
three	O
hours	O
later	O
his	O
wife	O
came	O
in	O
.	O


Sapphira	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
about	O
what	O
had	O
happened	O
to	O
her	O
husband	O
.	O


Peter	O
said	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
Tell	O
me	O
how	O
much	O
money	O
you	O
got	O
for	O
your	O
field	O
.	O


Was	O
it	O
this	O
much	O
?	O
''	O


Sapphira	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
all	O
we	O
got	O
for	O
the	O
field	O
.	O
''	O


Peter	O
said	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
did	O
you	O
and	O
your	O
husband	O
agree	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
Spirit	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
?	O


Listen	O
!	O


Do	O
you	O
hear	O
those	O
footsteps	O
?	O


The	O
men	O
who	O
buried	O
your	O
husband	O
are	O
at	O
the	O
door	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
carry	O
you	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
.	O
''	O


At	O
that	O
moment	O
Sapphira	O
fell	O
down	O
by	O
his	O
feet	O
and	O
died	O
.	O


The	O
young	O
men	O
came	O
in	O
and	O
saw	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
dead	O
.	O


They	O
carried	O
her	O
out	O
and	O
buried	O
her	O
beside	O
her	O
husband	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
group	O
of	O
believers	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
people	O
who	O
heard	O
about	O
this	O
were	O
filled	O
with	O
fear	O
.	O


The	O
apostles	O
were	O
given	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
do	O
many	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
and	O
wonders	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
together	O
in	O
Solomon	O
's	O
Porch	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
all	O
had	O
the	O
same	O
purpose	O
.	O


None	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
people	O
dared	O
to	O
stand	O
with	O
the	O
apostles	O
,	O
but	O
everyone	O
was	O
saying	O
wonderful	O
things	O
about	O
them	O
.	O


More	O
and	O
more	O
people	O
believed	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
were	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
believers	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
people	O
brought	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
sick	O
into	O
the	O
streets	O
and	O
put	O
them	O
on	O
little	O
beds	O
and	O
mats	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
hoping	O
that	O
Peter	O
's	O
shadow	O
might	O
fall	O
on	O
them	O
as	O
he	O
walked	O
by	O
.	O


People	O
came	O
from	O
all	O
the	O
towns	O
around	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


They	O
brought	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
sick	O
or	O
troubled	O
by	O
evil	O
spirits	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
healed	O
.	O


The	O
high	O
priest	O
and	O
all	O
his	O
friends	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
called	O
the	O
Sadducees	O
,	O
became	O
very	O
jealous	O
.	O


They	O
grabbed	O
the	O
apostles	O
and	O
put	O
them	O
in	O
jail	O
.	O


But	O
during	O
the	O
night	O
,	O
an	O
angel	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
opened	O
the	O
doors	O
of	O
the	O
jail	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
led	O
the	O
apostles	O
outside	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
and	O
stand	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


Tell	O
the	O
people	O
everything	O
about	O
this	O
new	O
life	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
apostles	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
did	O
what	O
they	O
were	O
told	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
about	O
sunrise	O
and	O
began	O
to	O
teach	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
high	O
priest	O
and	O
his	O
friends	O
came	O
together	O
and	O
called	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
council	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
.	O


They	O
sent	O
some	O
men	O
to	O
the	O
jail	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
apostles	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
men	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
jail	O
,	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
find	O
the	O
apostles	O
there	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
went	O
back	O
and	O
told	O
the	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
jail	O
was	O
closed	O
and	O
locked	O
.	O


The	O
guards	O
were	O
standing	O
at	O
the	O
doors	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
we	O
opened	O
the	O
doors	O
,	O
the	O
jail	O
was	O
empty	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
captain	O
of	O
the	O
Temple	O
guards	O
and	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
heard	O
this	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
confused	O
and	O
wondered	O
what	O
it	O
all	O
meant	O
.	O


Then	O
another	O
man	O
came	O
and	O
told	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Listen	O
!	O


The	O
men	O
you	O
put	O
in	O
jail	O
are	O
standing	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
teaching	O
the	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
captain	O
and	O
his	O
men	O
went	O
out	O
and	O
brought	O
the	O
apostles	O
back	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
soldiers	O
did	O
not	O
use	O
force	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
afraid	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
afraid	O
the	O
people	O
would	O
stone	O
them	O
to	O
death	O
.	O


The	O
soldiers	O
brought	O
the	O
apostles	O
in	O
and	O
made	O
them	O
stand	O
before	O
the	O
council	O
.	O


The	O
high	O
priest	O
questioned	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
told	O
you	O
never	O
again	O
to	O
teach	O
as	O
followers	O
of	O
that	O
man	O
.	O


But	O
look	O
at	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
done	O
!	O


You	O
have	O
filled	O
Jerusalem	O
with	O
your	O
teaching	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
blame	O
us	O
for	O
his	O
death	O
.	O
''	O


Peter	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
apostles	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
must	O
obey	O
God	O
,	O
not	O
you	O
!	O


You	O
killed	O
Jesus	O
by	O
nailing	O
him	O
to	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
God	O
our	O
fathers	O
had	O
,	O
raised	O
Jesus	O
up	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
God	O
honored	O
by	O
giving	O
him	O
a	O
place	O
at	O
his	O
right	O
side	O
.	O


He	O
made	O
him	O
our	O
Leader	O
and	O
Savior	O
.	O


God	O
did	O
this	O
to	O
give	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
change	O
and	O
turn	O
to	O
God	O
to	O
have	O
their	O
sins	O
forgiven	O
.	O


We	O
saw	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
happen	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
can	O
say	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
true	O
.	O


The	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
also	O
shows	O
that	O
these	O
things	O
are	O
true	O
.	O


God	O
has	O
given	O
this	O
Spirit	O
to	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
obey	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
council	O
members	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
became	O
very	O
angry	O
.	O


They	O
began	O
to	O
plan	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
kill	O
the	O
apostles	O
.	O


But	O
one	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
council	O
,	O
a	O
Pharisee	O
named	O
Gamaliel	O
,	O
stood	O
up	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
teacher	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
respected	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
the	O
men	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
apostles	O
leave	O
the	O
meeting	O
for	O
a	O
few	O
minutes	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Men	O
of	O
Israel	O
,	O
be	O
careful	O
of	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
planning	O
to	O
do	O
to	O
these	O
men	O
.	O


Remember	O
when	O
Theudas	O
appeared	O
?	O


He	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
an	O
important	O
man	O
,	O
and	O
about	O
400	O
men	O
joined	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
was	O
killed	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
who	O
followed	O
him	O
were	O
scattered	O
and	O
ran	O
away	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
census	O
,	O
a	O
man	O
named	O
Judas	O
came	O
from	O
Galilee	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
joined	O
his	O
group	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
was	O
also	O
killed	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
his	O
followers	O
were	O
scattered	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
now	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
stay	O
away	O
from	O
these	O
men	O
.	O


Leave	O
them	O
alone	O
.	O


If	O
their	O
plan	O
is	O
something	O
they	O
thought	O
up	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
fail	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
from	O
God	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
stop	O
them	O
.	O


You	O
might	O
even	O
be	O
fighting	O
against	O
God	O
himself	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
agreed	O
with	O
what	O
Gamaliel	O
said	O
.	O


They	O
called	O
the	O
apostles	O
in	O
again	O
.	O


They	O
beat	O
them	O
and	O
told	O
them	O
not	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
people	O
about	O
Jesus	O
again	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
let	O
them	O
go	O
free	O
.	O


The	O
apostles	O
left	O
the	O
council	O
meeting	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
happy	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
given	O
the	O
honor	O
of	O
suffering	O
dishonor	O
for	O
Jesus	O
.	O


The	O
apostles	O
did	O
not	O
stop	O
teaching	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
continued	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
--	O
that	O
Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
this	O
every	O
day	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
and	O
in	O
people	O
's	O
homes	O
.	O


More	O
and	O
more	O
people	O
were	O
becoming	O
followers	O
of	O
Jesus	O
.	O


But	O
during	O
this	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
Greek	O
-	O
speaking	O
followers	O
began	O
to	O
complain	O
against	O
the	O
other	O
Jewish	O
followers	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
that	O
their	O
widows	O
were	O
not	O
getting	O
their	O
share	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
followers	O
received	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


The	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
called	O
the	O
whole	O
group	O
of	O
followers	O
together	O
.	O


The	O
apostles	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
right	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
our	O
work	O
of	O
teaching	O
God	O
's	O
word	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
getting	O
food	O
to	O
people	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
choose	O
seven	O
of	O
your	O
men	O
who	O
have	O
a	O
good	O
reputation	O
.	O


They	O
must	O
be	O
full	O
of	O
wisdom	O
and	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
give	O
them	O
this	O
work	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
can	O
use	O
all	O
our	O
time	O
to	O
pray	O
and	O
to	O
teach	O
the	O
word	O
of	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
whole	O
group	O
liked	O
the	O
idea	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
chose	O
these	O
seven	O
men	O
:	O
Stephen	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
man	O
with	O
great	O
faith	O
and	O
full	O
of	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Philip	O
,	O
Prochorus	O
,	O
Nicanor	O
,	O
Timon	O
,	O
Parmenas	O
,	O
and	O
Nicolaus	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
man	O
from	O
Antioch	O
who	O
had	O
become	O
a	O
Jew	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
put	O
these	O
men	O
before	O
the	O
apostles	O
,	O
who	O
prayed	O
and	O
laid	O
their	O
hands	O
on	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
word	O
of	O
God	O
was	O
reaching	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
group	O
of	O
followers	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
became	O
larger	O
and	O
larger	O
.	O


Even	O
a	O
big	O
group	O
of	O
Jewish	O
priests	O
believed	O
and	O
obeyed	O
.	O


Stephen	O
received	O
a	O
great	O
blessing	O
.	O


God	O
gave	O
him	O
power	O
to	O
do	O
great	O
wonders	O
and	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
there	O
were	O
from	O
the	O
synagogue	O
of	O
Free	O
Men	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
called	O
.	O


The	O
group	O
included	O
Jews	O
from	O
Cyrene	O
,	O
Alexandria	O
,	O
Cilicia	O
,	O
and	O
Asia	O
.	O


They	O
started	O
arguing	O
with	O
Stephen	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Spirit	O
was	O
helping	O
him	O
speak	O
with	O
wisdom	O
.	O


His	O
words	O
were	O
so	O
strong	O
that	O
these	O
Jews	O
could	O
not	O
argue	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
told	O
some	O
men	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
heard	O
Stephen	O
say	O
bad	O
things	O
against	O
Moses	O
and	O
against	O
God	O
!	O
''	O


By	O
doing	O
this	O
,	O
these	O
Jews	O
upset	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


They	O
became	O
so	O
angry	O
that	O
they	O
came	O
and	O
grabbed	O
Stephen	O
and	O
took	O
him	O
to	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
council	O
.	O


The	O
Jews	O
brought	O
some	O
men	O
into	O
the	O
meeting	O
to	O
tell	O
lies	O
about	O
Stephen	O
.	O


These	O
men	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
man	O
is	O
always	O
saying	O
things	O
against	O
this	O
holy	O
place	O
and	O
against	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
.	O


We	O
heard	O
him	O
say	O
that	O
Jesus	O
from	O
Nazareth	O
will	O
destroy	O
this	O
place	O
and	O
change	O
what	O
Moses	O
told	O
us	O
to	O
do	O
.	O
''	O


Everyone	O
there	O
in	O
the	O
council	O
meeting	O
was	O
staring	O
at	O
Stephen	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
that	O
his	O
face	O
looked	O
like	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
an	O
angel	O
.	O


The	O
high	O
priest	O
said	O
to	O
Stephen	O
,	O
``	O
Is	O
all	O
this	O
true	O
?	O
''	O


Stephen	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
Jewish	O
fathers	O
and	O
brothers	O
,	O
listen	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


Our	O
great	O
and	O
glorious	O
God	O
appeared	O
to	O
Abraham	O
,	O
our	O
ancestor	O
,	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
Mesopotamia	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
before	O
he	O
lived	O
in	O
Haran	O
.	O


God	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
'	O
Leave	O
your	O
country	O
and	O
your	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
country	O
I	O
will	O
show	O
you	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
So	O
Abraham	O
left	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
Chaldea	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
Haran	O
.	O


After	O
his	O
father	O
died	O
,	O
God	O
sent	O
him	O
to	O
this	O
place	O
,	O
where	O
you	O
live	O
now	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
did	O
not	O
give	O
Abraham	O
any	O
of	O
this	O
land	O
,	O
not	O
even	O
a	O
foot	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
promised	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
he	O
would	O
give	O
Abraham	O
this	O
land	O
for	O
himself	O
and	O
for	O
his	O
children	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
before	O
Abraham	O
had	O
any	O
children	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
:	O
'	O
Your	O
descendants	O
will	O
live	O
in	O
another	O
country	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
strangers	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
there	O
will	O
make	O
them	O
slaves	O
and	O
do	O
bad	O
things	O
to	O
them	O
for	O
400	O
years	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
will	O
punish	O
the	O
nation	O
that	O
made	O
them	O
slaves	O
.	O
'	O


And	O
God	O
also	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
After	O
those	O
things	O
happen	O
,	O
your	O
people	O
will	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
that	O
country	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
will	O
worship	O
me	O
here	O
in	O
this	O
place	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
God	O
made	O
an	O
agreement	O
with	O
Abraham	O
;	O
the	O
sign	O
for	O
this	O
agreement	O
was	O
circumcision	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
when	O
Abraham	O
had	O
a	O
son	O
,	O
he	O
circumcised	O
him	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
eight	O
days	O
old	O
.	O


His	O
son	O
's	O
name	O
was	O
Isaac	O
.	O


Isaac	O
also	O
circumcised	O
his	O
son	O
Jacob	O
.	O


And	O
Jacob	O
did	O
the	O
same	O
for	O
his	O
sons	O
who	O
became	O
the	O
twelve	O
great	O
ancestors	O
of	O
our	O
people	O
.	O


``	O
These	O
ancestors	O
of	O
ours	O
became	O
jealous	O
of	O
their	O
brother	O
Joseph	O
and	O
sold	O
him	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
slave	O
in	O
Egypt	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
was	O
with	O
him	O
and	O
saved	O
him	O
from	O
all	O
his	O
troubles	O
.	O


Pharaoh	O
was	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
Egypt	O
then	O
.	O


He	O
liked	O
Joseph	O
and	O
respected	O
him	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
wisdom	O
God	O
gave	O
him	O
.	O


Pharaoh	O
gave	O
Joseph	O
the	O
job	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
governor	O
of	O
Egypt	O
.	O


He	O
even	O
let	O
him	O
rule	O
over	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
Pharaoh	O
's	O
house	O
.	O


But	O
all	O
the	O
land	O
of	O
Egypt	O
and	O
of	O
Canaan	O
became	O
dry	O
.	O


It	O
became	O
so	O
dry	O
that	O
food	O
could	O
not	O
grow	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
suffered	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


Our	O
people	O
could	O
not	O
find	O
anything	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
Jacob	O
heard	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
food	O
in	O
Egypt	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
sent	O
our	O
people	O
there	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
their	O
first	O
trip	O
to	O
Egypt	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
went	O
there	O
a	O
second	O
time	O
.	O


This	O
time	O
Joseph	O
told	O
his	O
brothers	O
who	O
he	O
was	O
.	O


And	O
Pharaoh	O
learned	O
about	O
Joseph	O
's	O
family	O
.	O


Then	O
Joseph	O
sent	O
some	O
men	O
to	O
tell	O
Jacob	O
,	O
his	O
father	O
,	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
Egypt	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
invited	O
all	O
his	O
relatives	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
75	O
people	O
.	O


So	O
Jacob	O
went	O
down	O
to	O
Egypt	O
.	O


He	O
and	O
our	O
other	O
ancestors	O
lived	O
there	O
until	O
they	O
died	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
their	O
bodies	O
were	O
moved	O
to	O
Shechem	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
were	O
put	O
in	O
a	O
tomb	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
same	O
tomb	O
that	O
Abraham	O
had	O
bought	O
in	O
Shechem	O
from	O
the	O
sons	O
of	O
Hamor	O
.	O


He	O
paid	O
them	O
with	O
silver	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
number	O
of	O
our	O
people	O
in	O
Egypt	O
grew	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
of	O
our	O
people	O
there	O
.	O


The	O
promise	O
that	O
God	O
made	O
to	O
Abraham	O
was	O
soon	O
to	O
come	O
true	O
.	O


Then	O
a	O
different	O
king	O
began	O
to	O
rule	O
Egypt	O
,	O
one	O
who	O
knew	O
nothing	O
about	O
Joseph	O
.	O


This	O
king	O
tricked	O
our	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
treated	O
them	O
badly	O
,	O
making	O
them	O
leave	O
their	O
children	O
outside	O
to	O
die	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
was	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
Moses	O
was	O
born	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
very	O
beautiful	O
child	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
three	O
months	O
his	O
parents	O
took	O
care	O
of	O
him	O
at	O
home	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
put	O
him	O
outside	O
,	O
Pharaoh	O
's	O
daughter	O
took	O
him	O
.	O


She	O
raised	O
him	O
as	O
her	O
own	O
son	O
.	O


The	O
Egyptians	O
taught	O
Moses	O
everything	O
they	O
knew	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
powerful	O
in	O
all	O
he	O
said	O
and	O
did	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
Moses	O
was	O
about	O
40	O
years	O
old	O
,	O
he	O
decided	O
to	O
visit	O
his	O
own	O
people	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
.	O


He	O
saw	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
being	O
mistreated	O
by	O
an	O
Egyptian	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
defended	O
him	O
.	O


Moses	O
hit	O
the	O
Egyptian	O
to	O
pay	O
him	O
back	O
for	O
hurting	O
the	O
man	O
.	O


He	O
hit	O
him	O
so	O
hard	O
that	O
it	O
killed	O
him	O
.	O


Moses	O
thought	O
that	O
his	O
people	O
would	O
understand	O
that	O
God	O
was	O
using	O
him	O
to	O
save	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
understand	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
next	O
day	O
,	O
Moses	O
saw	O
two	O
of	O
his	O
own	O
people	O
fighting	O
.	O


He	O
tried	O
to	O
make	O
peace	O
between	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Men	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
brothers	O
!	O


Why	O
are	O
you	O
trying	O
to	O
hurt	O
each	O
other	O
?	O
'	O


The	O
man	O
who	O
was	O
hurting	O
the	O
other	O
one	O
pushed	O
Moses	O
away	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
'	O
Did	O
anyone	O
say	O
you	O
could	O
be	O
our	O
ruler	O
and	O
judge	O
?	O


Will	O
you	O
kill	O
me	O
just	O
as	O
you	O
killed	O
that	O
Egyptian	O
yesterday	O
?	O
'	O


When	O
Moses	O
heard	O
him	O
say	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
left	O
Egypt	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
land	O
of	O
Midian	O
,	O
where	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
stranger	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
time	O
he	O
lived	O
there	O
,	O
he	O
had	O
two	O
sons	O
.	O


``	O
Forty	O
years	O
later	O
Moses	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
near	O
Mount	O
Sinai	O
.	O


An	O
angel	O
appeared	O
to	O
him	O
in	O
the	O
flame	O
of	O
a	O
burning	O
bush	O
.	O


When	O
Moses	O
saw	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
amazed	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
near	O
to	O
look	O
closer	O
at	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
heard	O
a	O
voice	O
;	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
same	O
God	O
your	O
ancestors	O
had	O
--	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
Abraham	O
,	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
Isaac	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
Jacob	O
.	O
'	O


Moses	O
began	O
to	O
shake	O
with	O
fear	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
afraid	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
bush	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
Lord	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
'	O
Take	O
off	O
your	O
sandals	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
you	O
are	O
now	O
standing	O
is	O
holy	O
ground	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
seen	O
my	O
people	O
suffer	O
much	O
in	O
Egypt	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
heard	O
my	O
people	O
crying	O
and	O
have	O
come	O
down	O
to	O
save	O
them	O
.	O


Come	O
now	O
,	O
Moses	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
sending	O
you	O
back	O
to	O
Egypt	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
This	O
Moses	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
his	O
people	O
said	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Did	O
anyone	O
say	O
you	O
could	O
be	O
our	O
ruler	O
and	O
judge	O
?	O
'	O


But	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
God	O
sent	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
ruler	O
and	O
savior	O
.	O


God	O
sent	O
him	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
an	O
angel	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
Moses	O
saw	O
in	O
the	O
burning	O
bush	O
.	O


So	O
Moses	O
led	O
the	O
people	O
out	O
of	O
Egypt	O
.	O


He	O
worked	O
wonders	O
and	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
in	O
Egypt	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
Red	O
Sea	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
for	O
40	O
years	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
Moses	O
who	O
said	O
these	O
words	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
:	O
'	O
God	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
a	O
prophet	O
.	O


That	O
prophet	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
among	O
your	O
own	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
be	O
like	O
me	O
.	O
'	O


This	O
same	O
Moses	O
was	O
with	O
the	O
gathering	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
with	O
the	O
angel	O
who	O
spoke	O
to	O
him	O
at	O
Mount	O
Sinai	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
with	O
our	O
ancestors	O
.	O


He	O
received	O
life	O
-	O
giving	O
words	O
from	O
God	O
to	O
give	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
our	O
ancestors	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
obey	O
Moses	O
.	O


They	O
rejected	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
Egypt	O
again	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
Aaron	O
,	O
'	O
Moses	O
led	O
us	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
Egypt	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
has	O
happened	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
make	O
some	O
gods	O
to	O
go	O
before	O
us	O
and	O
lead	O
us	O
.	O
'	O


So	O
the	O
people	O
made	O
an	O
idol	O
that	O
looked	O
like	O
a	O
calf	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
brought	O
sacrifices	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
very	O
happy	O
with	O
what	O
they	O
had	O
made	O
with	O
their	O
own	O
hands	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
turned	O
against	O
them	O
and	O
let	O
them	O
continue	O
worshiping	O
the	O
army	O
of	O
false	O
gods	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
says	O
in	O
the	O
book	O
that	O
contains	O
what	O
the	O
prophets	O
wrote	O
:	O
'	O
People	O
of	O
Israel	O
,	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
bring	O
me	O
blood	O
offerings	O
and	O
sacrifices	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
for	O
40	O
years	O
;	O
You	O
carried	O
with	O
you	O
the	O
tent	O
for	O
worshiping	O
Moloch	O
and	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
the	O
star	O
of	O
your	O
god	O
Rephan	O
.	O


These	O
were	O
the	O
idols	O
you	O
made	O
to	O
worship	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
will	O
send	O
you	O
away	O
beyond	O
Babylon	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
Holy	O
Tent	O
was	O
with	O
our	O
ancestors	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
.	O


God	O
told	O
Moses	O
how	O
to	O
make	O
this	O
tent	O
.	O


He	O
made	O
it	O
like	O
the	O
plan	O
that	O
God	O
showed	O
him	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
Joshua	O
led	O
our	O
ancestors	O
to	O
capture	O
the	O
lands	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
nations	O
.	O


Our	O
people	O
went	O
in	O
and	O
God	O
made	O
the	O
other	O
people	O
go	O
out	O
.	O


When	O
our	O
people	O
went	O
into	O
this	O
new	O
land	O
,	O
they	O
took	O
with	O
them	O
this	O
same	O
tent	O
.	O


Our	O
people	O
received	O
this	O
tent	O
from	O
their	O
fathers	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
people	O
kept	O
it	O
until	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
David	O
.	O


God	O
was	O
very	O
pleased	O
with	O
David	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
God	O
to	O
let	O
him	O
build	O
a	O
Temple	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Jacob	O
.	O


But	O
Solomon	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
built	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
Most	O
High	O
God	O
does	O
not	O
live	O
in	O
houses	O
built	O
by	O
human	O
hands	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
prophet	O
writes	O
:	O
'	O
The	O
Lord	O
says	O
,	O
Heaven	O
is	O
my	O
throne	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
earth	O
is	O
where	O
I	O
rest	O
my	O
feet	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
can	O
build	O
a	O
house	O
for	O
me	O
?	O


Do	O
I	O
need	O
a	O
place	O
to	O
rest	O
?	O


Remember	O
,	O
I	O
made	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
!	O
'	O
''	O


Then	O
Stephen	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
stubborn	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
!	O


You	O
refuse	O
to	O
give	O
your	O
hearts	O
to	O
God	O
or	O
even	O
listen	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
always	O
against	O
what	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
wants	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
how	O
your	O
ancestors	O
were	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
just	O
like	O
them	O
!	O


They	O
persecuted	O
every	O
prophet	O
who	O
ever	O
lived	O
.	O


They	O
even	O
killed	O
those	O
who	O
long	O
ago	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
Righteous	O
One	O
would	O
come	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
you	O
have	O
turned	O
against	O
that	O
Righteous	O
One	O
and	O
killed	O
him	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
received	O
God	O
's	O
law	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
gave	O
you	O
through	O
his	O
angels	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
obey	O
it	O
!	O
''	O


When	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
council	O
meeting	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
became	O
very	O
angry	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
so	O
mad	O
they	O
were	O
grinding	O
their	O
teeth	O
at	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
Stephen	O
was	O
full	O
of	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


He	O
looked	O
up	O
into	O
heaven	O
and	O
saw	O
the	O
glory	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
standing	O
at	O
God	O
's	O
right	O
side	O
.	O


Stephen	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
!	O


I	O
see	O
heaven	O
open	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
see	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
standing	O
at	O
God	O
's	O
right	O
side	O
.	O
''	O


Everyone	O
there	O
started	O
shouting	O
loudly	O
,	O
covering	O
their	O
ears	O
with	O
their	O
hands	O
.	O


Together	O
they	O
all	O
ran	O
at	O
Stephen	O
.	O


They	O
took	O
him	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
and	O
began	O
throwing	O
stones	O
at	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
who	O
told	O
lies	O
against	O
Stephen	O
gave	O
their	O
coats	O
to	O
a	O
young	O
man	O
named	O
Saul	O
.	O


As	O
they	O
were	O
throwing	O
the	O
stones	O
at	O
him	O
,	O
Stephen	O
was	O
praying	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
,	O
receive	O
my	O
spirit	O
!	O
''	O


He	O
fell	O
on	O
his	O
knees	O
and	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
blame	O
them	O
for	O
this	O
sin	O
!	O
''	O


These	O
were	O
his	O
last	O
words	O
before	O
he	O
died	O
.	O


Saul	O
agreed	O
that	O
the	O
killing	O
of	O
Stephen	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
thing	O
.	O


Some	O
godly	O
men	O
buried	O
Stephen	O
and	O
cried	O
loudly	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


On	O
that	O
day	O
the	O
Jews	O
began	O
to	O
persecute	O
the	O
church	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
making	O
them	O
suffer	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


Saul	O
was	O
also	O
trying	O
to	O
destroy	O
the	O
group	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
into	O
their	O
houses	O
,	O
dragged	O
out	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
,	O
and	O
put	O
them	O
in	O
jail	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
believers	O
left	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


Only	O
the	O
apostles	O
stayed	O
.	O


The	O
believers	O
went	O
to	O
different	O
places	O
in	O
Judea	O
and	O
Samaria	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
scattered	O
everywhere	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
every	O
place	O
they	O
went	O
,	O
they	O
told	O
people	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


Philip	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Samaria	O
and	O
told	O
people	O
about	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
there	O
heard	O
Philip	O
and	O
saw	O
the	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
he	O
was	O
doing	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
listened	O
carefully	O
to	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
these	O
people	O
had	O
evil	O
spirits	O
inside	O
them	O
,	O
but	O
Philip	O
made	O
the	O
evil	O
spirits	O
leave	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
spirits	O
made	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
noise	O
as	O
they	O
came	O
out	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
also	O
many	O
weak	O
and	O
crippled	O
people	O
there	O
.	O


Philip	O
made	O
these	O
people	O
well	O
too	O
.	O


What	O
a	O
happy	O
day	O
this	O
was	O
for	O
that	O
city	O
!	O


Now	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
named	O
Simon	O
who	O
lived	O
in	O
that	O
city	O
.	O


Before	O
Philip	O
came	O
there	O
,	O
Simon	O
had	O
been	O
doing	O
magic	O
and	O
amazing	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Samaria	O
.	O


He	O
bragged	O
and	O
called	O
himself	O
a	O
great	O
man	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
--	O
the	O
least	O
important	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
--	O
believed	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
man	O
has	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
God	O
that	O
is	O
called	O
'	O
the	O
Great	O
Power	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Simon	O
amazed	O
the	O
people	O
with	O
his	O
magic	O
for	O
so	O
long	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
became	O
his	O
followers	O
.	O


But	O
Philip	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
and	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Men	O
and	O
women	O
believed	O
Philip	O
and	O
were	O
baptized	O
.	O


Simon	O
himself	O
also	O
believed	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
he	O
was	O
baptized	O
,	O
he	O
stayed	O
close	O
to	O
Philip	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
saw	O
the	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
and	O
powerful	O
things	O
Philip	O
did	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
amazed	O
.	O


The	O
apostles	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
heard	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Samaria	O
had	O
accepted	O
the	O
word	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
sent	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
Samaria	O
.	O


When	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
arrived	O
,	O
they	O
prayed	O
for	O
the	O
Samaritan	O
believers	O
to	O
receive	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


These	O
people	O
had	O
been	O
baptized	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
had	O
not	O
yet	O
come	O
down	O
on	O
any	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
why	O
Peter	O
and	O
John	O
prayed	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
two	O
apostles	O
laid	O
their	O
hands	O
on	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
they	O
received	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


Simon	O
saw	O
that	O
the	O
Spirit	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
people	O
when	O
the	O
apostles	O
laid	O
their	O
hands	O
on	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
offered	O
the	O
apostles	O
money	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Give	O
me	O
this	O
power	O
so	O
that	O
when	O
I	O
lay	O
my	O
hands	O
on	O
someone	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
receive	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O
''	O


Peter	O
said	O
to	O
Simon	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
and	O
your	O
money	O
should	O
both	O
be	O
destroyed	O
because	O
you	O
thought	O
you	O
could	O
buy	O
God	O
's	O
gift	O
with	O
money	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
not	O
share	O
with	O
us	O
in	O
this	O
work	O
.	O


Your	O
heart	O
is	O
not	O
right	O
before	O
God	O
.	O


Change	O
your	O
heart	O
!	O


Turn	O
away	O
from	O
these	O
evil	O
thoughts	O
and	O
pray	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Maybe	O
he	O
will	O
forgive	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
see	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
bitter	O
jealousy	O
and	O
can	O
not	O
stop	O
yourself	O
from	O
doing	O
wrong	O
.	O
''	O


Simon	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Both	O
of	O
you	O
pray	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
for	O
me	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
said	O
will	O
not	O
happen	O
to	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
two	O
apostles	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
what	O
they	O
had	O
seen	O
Jesus	O
do	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
them	O
the	O
message	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
they	O
went	O
through	O
many	O
Samaritan	O
towns	O
and	O
told	O
people	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


An	O
angel	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
spoke	O
to	O
Philip	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Get	O
ready	O
and	O
go	O
south	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
that	O
leads	O
down	O
to	O
Gaza	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
--	O
the	O
road	O
that	O
goes	O
through	O
the	O
desert	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Philip	O
got	O
ready	O
and	O
went	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
road	O
he	O
saw	O
a	O
man	O
from	O
Ethiopia	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
eunuch	O
and	O
an	O
important	O
officer	O
in	O
the	O
service	O
of	O
Candace	O
,	O
the	O
queen	O
of	O
the	O
Ethiopians	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
taking	O
care	O
of	O
all	O
her	O
money	O
.	O


This	O
man	O
had	O
gone	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
to	O
worship	O
.	O


Now	O
he	O
was	O
on	O
his	O
way	O
home	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
sitting	O
in	O
his	O
chariot	O
reading	O
from	O
the	O
book	O
of	O
Isaiah	O
the	O
prophet	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
said	O
to	O
Philip	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
to	O
that	O
chariot	O
and	O
stay	O
near	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
he	O
went	O
toward	O
the	O
chariot	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
heard	O
the	O
man	O
reading	O
from	O
Isaiah	O
the	O
prophet	O
.	O


Philip	O
asked	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
understand	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
reading	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
man	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
can	O
I	O
understand	O
?	O


I	O
need	O
someone	O
to	O
explain	O
it	O
to	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
invited	O
Philip	O
to	O
climb	O
in	O
and	O
sit	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
reading	O
was	O
this	O
:	O
``	O
He	O
was	O
like	O
a	O
sheep	O
being	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
butcher	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
like	O
a	O
lamb	O
that	O
makes	O
no	O
sound	O
as	O
its	O
wool	O
is	O
being	O
cut	O
off	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
nothing	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
shamed	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
his	O
rights	O
were	O
taken	O
away	O
.	O


His	O
life	O
on	O
earth	O
has	O
ended	O
.	O


So	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
story	O
about	O
his	O
descendants	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
officer	O
said	O
to	O
Philip	O
,	O
``	O
Please	O
,	O
tell	O
me	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
the	O
prophet	O
talking	O
about	O
?	O


Is	O
he	O
talking	O
about	O
himself	O
or	O
about	O
someone	O
else	O
?	O
''	O


Philip	O
began	O
to	O
speak	O
.	O


He	O
started	O
with	O
this	O
same	O
Scripture	O
and	O
told	O
the	O
man	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
Jesus	O
.	O


While	O
they	O
were	O
traveling	O
down	O
the	O
road	O
,	O
they	O
came	O
to	O
some	O
water	O
.	O


The	O
officer	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
,	O
here	O
is	O
water	O
!	O


What	O
is	O
stopping	O
me	O
from	O
being	O
baptized	O
?	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
officer	O
ordered	O
the	O
chariot	O
to	O
stop	O
.	O


Both	O
Philip	O
and	O
the	O
officer	O
went	O
down	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
and	O
Philip	O
baptized	O
him	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
came	O
up	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
the	O
Spirit	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
took	O
Philip	O
away	O
;	O
the	O
officer	O
never	O
saw	O
him	O
again	O
.	O


The	O
officer	O
continued	O
on	O
his	O
way	O
home	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
very	O
happy	O
.	O


But	O
Philip	O
appeared	O
in	O
a	O
city	O
called	O
Azotus	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Caesarea	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
people	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
towns	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
from	O
Azotus	O
to	O
Caesarea	O
.	O


The	O
apostles	O
and	O
the	O
believers	O
in	O
Judea	O
heard	O
that	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
had	O
accepted	O
God	O
's	O
teaching	O
too	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
Peter	O
came	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
some	O
Jewish	O
believers	O
argued	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
homes	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
and	O
are	O
not	O
circumcised	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
even	O
ate	O
with	O
them	O
!	O
''	O


So	O
Peter	O
explained	O
the	O
whole	O
story	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Joppa	O
.	O


While	O
I	O
was	O
praying	O
,	O
I	O
had	O
a	O
vision	O
.	O


I	O
saw	O
something	O
coming	O
down	O
from	O
heaven	O
.	O


It	O
looked	O
like	O
a	O
big	O
sheet	O
being	O
lowered	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
by	O
its	O
four	O
corners	O
.	O


It	O
came	O
down	O
close	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
looked	O
inside	O
.	O


I	O
saw	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
animals	O
,	O
including	O
wild	O
ones	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
reptiles	O
and	O
birds	O
.	O


I	O
heard	O
a	O
voice	O
say	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
'	O
Get	O
up	O
,	O
Peter	O
.	O


Kill	O
anything	O
here	O
and	O
eat	O
it	O
!	O
'	O


``	O
But	O
I	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
that	O
,	O
Lord	O
!	O


I	O
have	O
never	O
eaten	O
anything	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
pure	O
or	O
fit	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
food	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
But	O
the	O
voice	O
from	O
heaven	O
answered	O
again	O
,	O
'	O
God	O
has	O
made	O
these	O
things	O
pure	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
unfit	O
to	O
eat	O
!	O
'	O


``	O
This	O
happened	O
three	O
times	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O
was	O
taken	O
back	O
into	O
heaven	O
.	O


Suddenly	O
there	O
were	O
three	O
men	O
standing	O
outside	O
the	O
house	O
where	O
I	O
was	O
staying	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
been	O
sent	O
from	O
Caesarea	O
to	O
get	O
me	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
told	O
me	O
to	O
go	O
with	O
them	O
without	O
wondering	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
all	O
right	O
.	O


These	O
six	O
brothers	O
here	O
also	O
went	O
with	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
house	O
of	O
Cornelius	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
us	O
about	O
the	O
angel	O
he	O
had	O
seen	O
standing	O
in	O
his	O
house	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Send	O
some	O
men	O
to	O
Joppa	O
to	O
get	O
Simon	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
also	O
called	O
Peter	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
speak	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
he	O
tells	O
you	O
will	O
save	O
you	O
and	O
everyone	O
living	O
in	O
your	O
house	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
After	O
I	O
began	O
speaking	O
,	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
came	O
on	O
them	O
just	O
as	O
he	O
came	O
on	O
us	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
remembered	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
:	O
'	O
John	O
baptized	O
people	O
in	O
water	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
baptized	O
in	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O
'	O


God	O
gave	O
these	O
people	O
the	O
same	O
gift	O
he	O
gave	O
us	O
who	O
believed	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
could	O
I	O
object	O
to	O
what	O
God	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
?	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
Jewish	O
believers	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
stopped	O
arguing	O
.	O


They	O
praised	O
God	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
So	O
God	O
is	O
also	O
allowing	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
to	O
change	O
their	O
hearts	O
and	O
have	O
the	O
life	O
he	O
gives	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
believers	O
were	O
scattered	O
by	O
the	O
persecution	O
that	O
began	O
when	O
Stephen	O
was	O
killed	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
them	O
went	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
Phoenicia	O
,	O
Cyprus	O
,	O
and	O
Antioch	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
in	O
these	O
places	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
to	O
Jews	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
these	O
believers	O
were	O
men	O
from	O
Cyprus	O
and	O
Cyrene	O
.	O


When	O
these	O
men	O
came	O
to	O
Antioch	O
,	O
they	O
began	O
speaking	O
to	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
not	O
Jews	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
them	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
was	O
helping	O
these	O
men	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
believed	O
and	O
decided	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
church	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
heard	O
about	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
sent	O
Barnabas	O
to	O
Antioch	O
.	O


Barnabas	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
man	O
,	O
full	O
of	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
and	O
faith	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
Antioch	O
and	O
saw	O
how	O
God	O
had	O
blessed	O
the	O
believers	O
there	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
very	O
happy	O
.	O


He	O
encouraged	O
them	O
all	O
,	O
saying	O
,	O
``	O
Always	O
be	O
faithful	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Serve	O
him	O
with	O
all	O
your	O
heart	O
.	O
''	O


Many	O
more	O
people	O
became	O
followers	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Then	O
Barnabas	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Tarsus	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
Saul	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
found	O
him	O
,	O
he	O
brought	O
him	O
to	O
Antioch	O
.	O


They	O
stayed	O
there	O
a	O
whole	O
year	O
.	O


Every	O
time	O
the	O
church	O
came	O
together	O
,	O
Barnabas	O
and	O
Saul	O
met	O
with	O
them	O
and	O
taught	O
many	O
people	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
in	O
Antioch	O
that	O
the	O
followers	O
were	O
called	O
``	O
Christ	O
-	O
followers	O
''	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O


About	O
that	O
same	O
time	O
some	O
prophets	O
went	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
to	O
Antioch	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
named	O
Agabus	O
,	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
spoke	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
A	O
very	O
bad	O
time	O
is	O
coming	O
to	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
food	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
This	O
time	O
of	O
famine	O
happened	O
when	O
Claudius	O
was	O
emperor	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
Lord	O
's	O
followers	O
decided	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
each	O
send	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
they	O
could	O
to	O
help	O
their	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
who	O
lived	O
in	O
Judea	O
.	O


They	O
gathered	O
the	O
money	O
and	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
Barnabas	O
and	O
Saul	O
,	O
who	O
took	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
elders	O
in	O
Judea	O
.	O


During	O
this	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
King	O
Herod	O
began	O
to	O
persecute	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
.	O


He	O
ordered	O
James	O
,	O
the	O
brother	O
of	O
John	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
with	O
a	O
sword	O
.	O


Herod	O
saw	O
that	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
liked	O
this	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
decided	O
to	O
arrest	O
Peter	O
too	O
.	O


This	O
happened	O
during	O
the	O
Festival	O
of	O
Unleavened	O
Bread	O
.	O


He	O
arrested	O
Peter	O
and	O
put	O
him	O
in	O
jail	O
,	O
where	O
he	O
was	O
guarded	O
by	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
16	O
soldiers	O
.	O


Herod	O
planned	O
to	O
bring	O
Peter	O
before	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
wait	O
until	O
after	O
the	O
Passover	O
festival	O
.	O


So	O
Peter	O
was	O
kept	O
in	O
jail	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
church	O
was	O
constantly	O
praying	O
to	O
God	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


One	O
night	O
,	O
Peter	O
,	O
bound	O
with	O
two	O
chains	O
,	O
was	O
sleeping	O
between	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
soldiers	O
.	O


More	O
soldiers	O
were	O
guarding	O
the	O
door	O
of	O
the	O
jail	O
.	O


Herod	O
was	O
planning	O
to	O
bring	O
Peter	O
out	O
before	O
the	O
people	O
the	O
next	O
day	O
.	O


Suddenly	O
an	O
angel	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
was	O
standing	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
room	O
was	O
filled	O
with	O
light	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
tapped	O
Peter	O
on	O
the	O
side	O
and	O
woke	O
him	O
up	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Hurry	O
,	O
get	O
up	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
chains	O
fell	O
off	O
Peter	O
's	O
hands	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Get	O
dressed	O
and	O
put	O
on	O
your	O
sandals	O
.	O
''	O


Peter	O
did	O
as	O
he	O
was	O
told	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
angel	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Put	O
on	O
your	O
coat	O
and	O
follow	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
angel	O
went	O
out	O
and	O
Peter	O
followed	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
if	O
the	O
angel	O
was	O
really	O
doing	O
this	O
.	O


He	O
thought	O
he	O
might	O
be	O
seeing	O
a	O
vision	O
.	O


Peter	O
and	O
the	O
angel	O
went	O
past	O
the	O
first	O
guard	O
and	O
the	O
second	O
guard	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
iron	O
gate	O
that	O
separated	O
them	O
from	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


The	O
gate	O
opened	O
for	O
them	O
by	O
itself	O
.	O


After	O
they	O
went	O
through	O
the	O
gate	O
and	O
walked	O
about	O
a	O
block	O
,	O
the	O
angel	O
suddenly	O
left	O
.	O


Peter	O
realized	O
then	O
what	O
had	O
happened	O
.	O


He	O
thought	O
,	O
``	O
Now	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
really	O
sent	O
his	O
angel	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


He	O
rescued	O
me	O
from	O
Herod	O
and	O
from	O
everything	O
those	O
Jews	O
thought	O
would	O
happen	O
to	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Peter	O
realized	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
home	O
of	O
Mary	O
,	O
the	O
mother	O
of	O
John	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
also	O
called	O
Mark	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
were	O
gathered	O
there	O
and	O
were	O
praying	O
.	O


Peter	O
knocked	O
on	O
the	O
outside	O
door	O
.	O


A	O
servant	O
girl	O
named	O
Rhoda	O
came	O
to	O
answer	O
it	O
.	O


She	O
recognized	O
Peter	O
's	O
voice	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
very	O
happy	O
.	O


She	O
even	O
forgot	O
to	O
open	O
the	O
door	O
.	O


She	O
ran	O
inside	O
and	O
told	O
the	O
group	O
,	O
``	O
Peter	O
is	O
at	O
the	O
door	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
believers	O
said	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
crazy	O
!	O
''	O


But	O
she	O
continued	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
true	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
must	O
be	O
Peter	O
's	O
angel	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Peter	O
continued	O
to	O
knock	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
believers	O
opened	O
the	O
door	O
,	O
they	O
saw	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
amazed	O
.	O


Peter	O
made	O
a	O
sign	O
with	O
his	O
hand	O
to	O
tell	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
quiet	O
.	O


He	O
explained	O
to	O
them	O
how	O
the	O
Lord	O
led	O
him	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
jail	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Tell	O
James	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
brothers	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
left	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
another	O
place	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
the	O
soldiers	O
were	O
very	O
upset	O
.	O


They	O
wondered	O
what	O
happened	O
to	O
Peter	O
.	O


Herod	O
looked	O
everywhere	O
for	O
him	O
but	O
could	O
not	O
find	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
questioned	O
the	O
guards	O
and	O
then	O
ordered	O
that	O
they	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
Herod	O
moved	O
from	O
Judea	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Caesarea	O
and	O
stayed	O
there	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


Herod	O
was	O
very	O
angry	O
with	O
the	O
people	O
from	O
the	O
cities	O
of	O
Tyre	O
and	O
Sidon	O
.	O


But	O
these	O
cities	O
needed	O
food	O
from	O
his	O
country	O
,	O
so	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
them	O
came	O
to	O
ask	O
him	O
for	O
peace	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
Blastus	O
,	O
the	O
king	O
's	O
personal	O
servant	O
,	O
on	O
their	O
side	O
.	O


Herod	O
decided	O
on	O
a	O
day	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


On	O
that	O
day	O
he	O
was	O
wearing	O
a	O
beautiful	O
royal	O
robe	O
.	O


He	O
sat	O
on	O
his	O
throne	O
and	O
made	O
a	O
speech	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
voice	O
of	O
a	O
god	O
,	O
not	O
a	O
man	O
!	O
''	O


Herod	O
did	O
not	O
give	O
the	O
glory	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
an	O
angel	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
caused	O
him	O
to	O
get	O
sick	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
eaten	O
by	O
worms	O
inside	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
died	O
.	O


The	O
message	O
of	O
God	O
was	O
spreading	O
,	O
reaching	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
people	O
.	O


After	O
Barnabas	O
and	O
Saul	O
finished	O
their	O
work	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
they	O
returned	O
to	O
Antioch	O
,	O
taking	O
John	O
Mark	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
church	O
at	O
Antioch	O
there	O
were	O
some	O
prophets	O
and	O
teachers	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
Barnabas	O
,	O
Simeon	O
-LRB-	O
also	O
called	O
Niger	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Lucius	O
-LRB-	O
from	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Cyrene	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Manaen	O
-LRB-	O
who	O
had	O
grown	O
up	O
with	O
King	O
Herod	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
Saul	O
.	O


These	O
men	O
were	O
all	O
serving	O
the	O
Lord	O
and	O
fasting	O
when	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Appoint	O
Barnabas	O
and	O
Saul	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
special	O
work	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
I	O
have	O
chosen	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
church	O
fasted	O
and	O
prayed	O
.	O


They	O
laid	O
their	O
hands	O
on	O
Barnabas	O
and	O
Saul	O
and	O
sent	O
them	O
out	O
.	O


Barnabas	O
and	O
Saul	O
were	O
sent	O
out	O
by	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Seleucia	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
sailed	O
from	O
there	O
to	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
Cyprus	O
.	O


When	O
Barnabas	O
and	O
Saul	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Salamis	O
,	O
they	O
told	O
the	O
message	O
of	O
God	O
in	O
the	O
Jewish	O
synagogues	O
.	O


John	O
Mark	O
was	O
with	O
them	O
to	O
help	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
across	O
the	O
whole	O
island	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Paphos	O
.	O


There	O
they	O
met	O
a	O
Jewish	O
man	O
named	O
Barjesus	O
who	O
did	O
magic	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
false	O
prophet	O
.	O


He	O
always	O
stayed	O
close	O
to	O
Sergius	O
Paulus	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
the	O
governor	O
and	O
a	O
very	O
smart	O
man	O
.	O


He	O
invited	O
Barnabas	O
and	O
Saul	O
to	O
come	O
visit	O
him	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
hear	O
the	O
message	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
magician	O
Elymas	O
-LRB-	O
as	O
Barjesus	O
was	O
called	O
in	O
Greek	O
-RRB-	O
spoke	O
against	O
them	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
governor	O
from	O
believing	O
in	O
Jesus	O
.	O


But	O
Saul	O
-LRB-	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Paul	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
filled	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
,	O
looked	O
hard	O
at	O
Elymas	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
son	O
of	O
the	O
devil	O
,	O
full	O
of	O
lies	O
and	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
evil	O
tricks	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
an	O
enemy	O
of	O
everything	O
that	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


Will	O
you	O
never	O
stop	O
trying	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
truths	O
into	O
lies	O
?	O


Now	O
the	O
Lord	O
will	O
touch	O
you	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
blind	O
.	O


For	O
a	O
time	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
anything	O
--	O
not	O
even	O
the	O
light	O
from	O
the	O
sun	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
everything	O
became	O
dark	O
for	O
Elymas	O
.	O


He	O
walked	O
around	O
lost	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
trying	O
to	O
find	O
someone	O
to	O
lead	O
him	O
by	O
the	O
hand	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
governor	O
saw	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
believed	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
amazed	O
at	O
the	O
teaching	O
about	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Paul	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
with	O
him	O
sailed	O
away	O
from	O
Paphos	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
to	O
Perga	O
,	O
a	O
city	O
in	O
Pamphylia	O
.	O


There	O
John	O
Mark	O
left	O
them	O
and	O
returned	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


They	O
continued	O
their	O
trip	O
from	O
Perga	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
Antioch	O
,	O
a	O
city	O
near	O
Pisidia	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
they	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
Jewish	O
synagogue	O
and	O
sat	O
down	O
.	O


The	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
and	O
the	O
writings	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
were	O
read	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
synagogue	O
sent	O
a	O
message	O
to	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
:	O
``	O
Brothers	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
something	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
will	O
help	O
the	O
people	O
here	O
,	O
please	O
speak	O
.	O
''	O


Paul	O
stood	O
up	O
,	O
raised	O
his	O
hand	O
to	O
get	O
their	O
attention	O
,	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
People	O
of	O
Israel	O
and	O
all	O
you	O
others	O
who	O
worship	O
the	O
true	O
God	O
,	O
please	O
listen	O
to	O
me	O
!	O


The	O
God	O
of	O
Israel	O
chose	O
our	O
ancestors	O
.	O


And	O
during	O
the	O
time	O
our	O
people	O
lived	O
in	O
Egypt	O
as	O
foreigners	O
,	O
he	O
made	O
them	O
great	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
brought	O
them	O
out	O
of	O
that	O
country	O
with	O
great	O
power	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
was	O
patient	O
with	O
them	O
for	O
40	O
years	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
.	O


God	O
destroyed	O
seven	O
nations	O
in	O
the	O
land	O
of	O
Canaan	O
and	O
gave	O
their	O
land	O
to	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


All	O
this	O
happened	O
in	O
about	O
450	O
years	O
.	O


``	O
After	O
this	O
,	O
God	O
gave	O
our	O
people	O
judges	O
until	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Samuel	O
the	O
prophet	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
people	O
asked	O
for	O
a	O
king	O
.	O


God	O
gave	O
them	O
Saul	O
,	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Kish	O
.	O


Saul	O
was	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Benjamin	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
king	O
for	O
40	O
years	O
.	O


After	O
God	O
took	O
Saul	O
away	O
,	O
God	O
made	O
David	O
their	O
king	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
said	O
about	O
David	O
:	O
'	O
David	O
,	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Jesse	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
person	O
who	O
does	O
what	O
pleases	O
me	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
do	O
everything	O
I	O
want	O
him	O
to	O
do	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
As	O
he	O
promised	O
,	O
God	O
has	O
brought	O
one	O
of	O
David	O
's	O
descendants	O
to	O
Israel	O
to	O
be	O
their	O
Savior	O
.	O


That	O
descendant	O
is	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Before	O
he	O
came	O
,	O
John	O
told	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
what	O
they	O
should	O
do	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
baptized	O
to	O
show	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
change	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


When	O
John	O
was	O
finishing	O
his	O
work	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Who	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
I	O
am	O
?	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
coming	O
later	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
worthy	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
slave	O
who	O
unties	O
his	O
sandals	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
My	O
brothers	O
,	O
sons	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Abraham	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
other	O
people	O
who	O
also	O
worship	O
the	O
true	O
God	O
,	O
listen	O
!	O


The	O
news	O
about	O
this	O
salvation	O
has	O
been	O
sent	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


The	O
Jews	O
living	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
and	O
their	O
leaders	O
did	O
not	O
realize	O
that	O
Jesus	O
was	O
the	O
Savior	O
.	O


The	O
words	O
the	O
prophets	O
wrote	O
about	O
him	O
were	O
read	O
every	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
understand	O
.	O


They	O
condemned	O
Jesus	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
did	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
made	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
come	O
true	O
.	O


They	O
could	O
not	O
find	O
any	O
real	O
reason	O
why	O
Jesus	O
should	O
die	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
asked	O
Pilate	O
to	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


``	O
These	O
Jews	O
did	O
all	O
the	O
bad	O
things	O
that	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
said	O
would	O
happen	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
took	O
Jesus	O
down	O
from	O
the	O
cross	O
and	O
put	O
him	O
in	O
a	O
tomb	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
raised	O
him	O
up	O
from	O
death	O
!	O


After	O
this	O
,	O
for	O
many	O
days	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
gone	O
with	O
Jesus	O
from	O
Galilee	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
saw	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
now	O
his	O
witnesses	O
to	O
our	O
people	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
tell	O
you	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
the	O
promise	O
God	O
made	O
to	O
our	O
ancestors	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
their	O
descendants	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
has	O
made	O
this	O
promise	O
come	O
true	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


God	O
did	O
this	O
by	O
raising	O
Jesus	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


We	O
also	O
read	O
about	O
this	O
in	O
Psalm	O
2	O
:	O
'	O
You	O
are	O
my	O
Son	O
.	O


Today	O
I	O
have	O
become	O
your	O
Father	O
.	O
'	O


God	O
raised	O
Jesus	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


Jesus	O
will	O
never	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
grave	O
and	O
become	O
dust	O
.	O


So	O
God	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
the	O
true	O
and	O
holy	O
promises	O
that	O
I	O
made	O
to	O
David	O
.	O
'	O


But	O
in	O
another	O
Psalm	O
it	O
says	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
will	O
not	O
let	O
your	O
Holy	O
One	O
rot	O
in	O
the	O
grave	O
.	O
'	O


David	O
did	O
God	O
's	O
will	O
during	O
the	O
time	O
he	O
lived	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
died	O
and	O
was	O
buried	O
like	O
all	O
his	O
ancestors	O
.	O


And	O
his	O
body	O
did	O
rot	O
in	O
the	O
grave	O
!	O


But	O
the	O
one	O
God	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
did	O
not	O
rot	O
in	O
the	O
grave	O
.	O


Brothers	O
,	O
understand	O
what	O
we	O
are	O
telling	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
have	O
forgiveness	O
of	O
your	O
sins	O
through	O
this	O
Jesus	O
.	O


The	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
could	O
not	O
free	O
you	O
from	O
your	O
sins	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
if	O
you	O
believe	O
in	O
Jesus	O
.	O


So	O
be	O
careful	O
!	O


Do	O
n't	O
let	O
what	O
the	O
prophets	O
said	O
happen	O
to	O
you	O
:	O
'	O
Listen	O
,	O
you	O
people	O
who	O
doubt	O
!	O


You	O
can	O
wonder	O
,	O
but	O
then	O
go	O
away	O
and	O
die	O
;	O
because	O
during	O
your	O
time	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
do	O
something	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
believe	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
not	O
believe	O
it	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
someone	O
explains	O
it	O
to	O
you	O
!	O
'	O
''	O


As	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
were	O
leaving	O
the	O
synagogue	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
asked	O
them	O
to	O
come	O
again	O
on	O
the	O
next	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
and	O
tell	O
them	O
more	O
about	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
meeting	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
followed	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
,	O
including	O
many	O
Jews	O
and	O
people	O
who	O
had	O
changed	O
their	O
religion	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
Jews	O
and	O
worship	O
the	O
true	O
God	O
.	O


Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
encouraged	O
them	O
to	O
continue	O
trusting	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
next	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
,	O
almost	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
came	O
together	O
to	O
hear	O
the	O
word	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
Jews	O
there	O
saw	O
all	O
these	O
people	O
,	O
they	O
became	O
very	O
jealous	O
.	O


Shouting	O
insults	O
,	O
they	O
argued	O
against	O
everything	O
Paul	O
said	O
.	O


But	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
spoke	O
very	O
boldly	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
had	O
to	O
tell	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
to	O
you	O
Jews	O
first	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
refuse	O
to	O
listen	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
made	O
it	O
clear	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
worthy	O
of	O
having	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
will	O
now	O
go	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
Lord	O
told	O
us	O
to	O
do	O
:	O
'	O
I	O
have	O
made	O
you	O
a	O
light	O
for	O
the	O
other	O
nations	O
,	O
to	O
show	O
people	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
be	O
saved	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
heard	O
Paul	O
say	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
happy	O
.	O


They	O
gave	O
honor	O
to	O
the	O
message	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
believed	O
it	O
.	O


These	O
were	O
the	O
ones	O
chosen	O
to	O
have	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
the	O
message	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
was	O
being	O
told	O
throughout	O
the	O
whole	O
country	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Jews	O
there	O
caused	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
important	O
religious	O
women	O
and	O
the	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
to	O
be	O
angry	O
and	O
turn	O
against	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
and	O
throw	O
them	O
out	O
of	O
town	O
.	O


So	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
shook	O
the	O
dust	O
off	O
their	O
feet	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Iconium	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
followers	O
in	O
Antioch	O
were	O
happy	O
and	O
filled	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Iconium	O
.	O


As	O
they	O
did	O
in	O
Antioch	O
,	O
they	O
entered	O
the	O
Jewish	O
synagogue	O
.	O


They	O
spoke	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
there	O
.	O


They	O
spoke	O
so	O
well	O
that	O
many	O
Jews	O
and	O
Greeks	O
believed	O
what	O
they	O
said	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
things	O
that	O
caused	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
to	O
be	O
angry	O
and	O
turn	O
against	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
followers	O
.	O


So	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
stayed	O
in	O
Iconium	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
spoke	O
bravely	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
proved	O
that	O
what	O
they	O
said	O
was	O
true	O
by	O
causing	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
and	O
wonders	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
through	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
agreed	O
with	O
the	O
Jews	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
.	O


Others	O
followed	O
the	O
apostles	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
city	O
was	O
divided	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
there	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
their	O
leaders	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
,	O
were	O
determined	O
to	O
hurt	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
stone	O
them	O
to	O
death	O
.	O


When	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
learned	O
about	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
left	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
to	O
Lystra	O
and	O
Derbe	O
,	O
cities	O
in	O
Lycaonia	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
surrounding	O
areas	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
there	O
too	O
.	O


In	O
Lystra	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
had	O
something	O
wrong	O
with	O
his	O
feet	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
been	O
born	O
crippled	O
and	O
had	O
never	O
walked	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
sitting	O
and	O
listening	O
to	O
Paul	O
speak	O
.	O


Paul	O
looked	O
straight	O
at	O
him	O
and	O
saw	O
that	O
the	O
man	O
believed	O
God	O
could	O
heal	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
Paul	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
Stand	O
up	O
on	O
your	O
feet	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
man	O
jumped	O
up	O
and	O
began	O
walking	O
around	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
people	O
saw	O
what	O
Paul	O
did	O
,	O
they	O
shouted	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
Lycaonian	O
language	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
gods	O
have	O
come	O
down	O
to	O
us	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
humans	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
began	O
to	O
call	O
Barnabas	O
``	O
Zeus	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
they	O
called	O
Paul	O
``	O
Hermes	O
,	O
''	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
main	O
speaker	O
.	O


The	O
temple	O
of	O
Zeus	O
was	O
near	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


The	O
priest	O
of	O
this	O
temple	O
brought	O
some	O
bulls	O
and	O
flowers	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
gates	O
.	O


The	O
priest	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
wanted	O
to	O
offer	O
a	O
sacrifice	O
to	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
apostles	O
,	O
Barnabas	O
and	O
Paul	O
,	O
understood	O
what	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
doing	O
,	O
they	O
tore	O
their	O
own	O
clothes	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
ran	O
in	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
shouted	O
to	O
them	O
:	O
``	O
Men	O
,	O
why	O
are	O
you	O
doing	O
this	O
?	O


We	O
are	O
not	O
gods	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
human	O
just	O
like	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
came	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
telling	O
you	O
to	O
turn	O
away	O
from	O
these	O
worthless	O
things	O
.	O


Turn	O
to	O
the	O
true	O
living	O
God	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
made	O
the	O
sky	O
,	O
the	O
earth	O
,	O
the	O
sea	O
,	O
and	O
everything	O
that	O
is	O
in	O
them	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
the	O
past	O
God	O
let	O
all	O
the	O
nations	O
do	O
what	O
they	O
wanted	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
was	O
always	O
there	O
doing	O
the	O
good	O
things	O
that	O
prove	O
he	O
is	O
real	O
.	O


He	O
gives	O
you	O
rain	O
from	O
heaven	O
and	O
good	O
harvests	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
times	O
.	O


He	O
gives	O
you	O
plenty	O
of	O
food	O
and	O
fills	O
your	O
hearts	O
with	O
joy	O
.	O
''	O


Even	O
after	O
saying	O
all	O
this	O
,	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
still	O
could	O
hardly	O
stop	O
the	O
people	O
from	O
offering	O
sacrifices	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Then	O
some	O
Jews	O
came	O
from	O
Antioch	O
and	O
Iconium	O
and	O
persuaded	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
turn	O
against	O
Paul	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
threw	O
stones	O
at	O
him	O
and	O
dragged	O
him	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
town	O
.	O


They	O
thought	O
they	O
had	O
killed	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
followers	O
of	O
Jesus	O
gathered	O
around	O
him	O
,	O
he	O
got	O
up	O
and	O
went	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
town	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
he	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
left	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Derbe	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
told	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Derbe	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
people	O
became	O
followers	O
of	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Then	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
cities	O
of	O
Lystra	O
,	O
Iconium	O
,	O
and	O
Antioch	O
.	O


In	O
those	O
cities	O
they	O
helped	O
the	O
followers	O
grow	O
stronger	O
in	O
their	O
faith	O
and	O
encouraged	O
them	O
to	O
continue	O
trusting	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
must	O
suffer	O
many	O
things	O
on	O
our	O
way	O
into	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
also	O
chose	O
elders	O
for	O
each	O
church	O
and	O
stopped	O
eating	O
for	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
to	O
pray	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


These	O
elders	O
were	O
men	O
who	O
had	O
put	O
their	O
trust	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
,	O
so	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
put	O
them	O
in	O
his	O
care	O
.	O


Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
went	O
through	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
Pisidia	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
Pamphylia	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
people	O
the	O
message	O
of	O
God	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Perga	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
they	O
went	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Attalia	O
.	O


And	O
from	O
there	O
they	O
sailed	O
away	O
to	O
Antioch	O
in	O
Syria	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
city	O
where	O
the	O
believers	O
had	O
put	O
them	O
into	O
God	O
's	O
care	O
and	O
sent	O
them	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
work	O
.	O


Now	O
they	O
had	O
finished	O
it	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
arrived	O
,	O
they	O
gathered	O
the	O
church	O
together	O
and	O
told	O
them	O
about	O
all	O
that	O
God	O
had	O
done	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
opened	O
a	O
door	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
could	O
also	O
believe	O
!	O
''	O


And	O
they	O
stayed	O
there	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
with	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
followers	O
.	O


Then	O
some	O
men	O
came	O
to	O
Antioch	O
from	O
Judea	O
and	O
began	O
teaching	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
believers	O
:	O
``	O
You	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
saved	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
circumcised	O
as	O
Moses	O
taught	O
us	O
.	O
''	O


Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
were	O
against	O
this	O
teaching	O
and	O
argued	O
with	O
these	O
men	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
group	O
decided	O
to	O
send	O
Paul	O
,	O
Barnabas	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
others	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
to	O
talk	O
more	O
about	O
this	O
with	O
the	O
apostles	O
and	O
elders	O
.	O


The	O
church	O
helped	O
them	O
get	O
ready	O
to	O
leave	O
on	O
their	O
trip	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
went	O
through	O
the	O
countries	O
of	O
Phoenicia	O
and	O
Samaria	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
told	O
all	O
about	O
how	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
had	O
turned	O
to	O
the	O
true	O
God	O
.	O


This	O
made	O
all	O
the	O
believers	O
very	O
happy	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
men	O
arrived	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
the	O
apostles	O
,	O
the	O
elders	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
whole	O
church	O
welcomed	O
them	O
.	O


Paul	O
,	O
Barnabas	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
others	O
told	O
about	O
all	O
that	O
God	O
had	O
done	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
believers	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
had	O
belonged	O
to	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
.	O


They	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
non-Jewish	O
believers	O
must	O
be	O
circumcised	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
tell	O
them	O
to	O
obey	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
apostles	O
and	O
the	O
elders	O
gathered	O
to	O
study	O
this	O
problem	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
long	O
debate	O
,	O
Peter	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
brothers	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
sure	O
you	O
remember	O
what	O
happened	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
days	O
.	O


God	O
chose	O
me	O
from	O
among	O
you	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jewish	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
from	O
me	O
that	O
they	O
heard	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
and	O
believed	O
.	O


God	O
knows	O
everyone	O
,	O
even	O
their	O
thoughts	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
accepted	O
these	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
showed	O
this	O
to	O
us	O
by	O
giving	O
them	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
he	O
did	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


To	O
God	O
,	O
those	O
people	O
are	O
not	O
different	O
from	O
us	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
believed	O
,	O
God	O
made	O
their	O
hearts	O
pure	O
.	O


So	O
now	O
,	O
why	O
are	O
you	O
putting	O
a	O
heavy	O
burden	O
around	O
the	O
necks	O
of	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
followers	O
?	O


Are	O
you	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
God	O
angry	O
?	O


We	O
and	O
our	O
fathers	O
were	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
carry	O
that	O
burden	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
we	O
and	O
these	O
people	O
will	O
be	O
saved	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
--	O
by	O
the	O
grace	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
whole	O
group	O
became	O
quiet	O
.	O


They	O
listened	O
while	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
told	O
about	O
all	O
the	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
and	O
wonders	O
that	O
God	O
had	O
done	O
through	O
them	O
among	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
finished	O
speaking	O
,	O
James	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
brothers	O
,	O
listen	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


Simon	O
Peter	O
has	O
told	O
us	O
how	O
God	O
showed	O
his	O
love	O
for	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
God	O
accepted	O
them	O
and	O
made	O
them	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
words	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
agree	O
with	O
this	O
too	O
:	O
'	O
I	O
will	O
return	O
after	O
this	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
build	O
David	O
's	O
house	O
again	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
fallen	O
down	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
build	O
again	O
the	O
parts	O
of	O
his	O
house	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
pulled	O
down	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
make	O
his	O
house	O
new	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
will	O
look	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
God	O
--	O
all	O
those	O
of	O
other	O
nations	O
who	O
are	O
my	O
people	O
too	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
said	O
this	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
does	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
.	O
'	O


'	O
All	O
this	O
has	O
been	O
known	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
time	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
So	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
should	O
not	O
make	O
things	O
hard	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
turned	O
to	O
God	O
from	O
among	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
send	O
a	O
letter	O
telling	O
them	O
only	O
the	O
things	O
they	O
should	O
not	O
do	O
:	O
Do	O
n't	O
eat	O
food	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
to	O
idols	O
.	O


This	O
makes	O
the	O
food	O
unclean	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
sexual	O
sin	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
eat	O
meat	O
from	O
animals	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
strangled	O
or	O
any	O
meat	O
that	O
still	O
has	O
the	O
blood	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


They	O
should	O
not	O
do	O
any	O
of	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
because	O
there	O
are	O
still	O
men	O
in	O
every	O
city	O
who	O
teach	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
.	O


The	O
words	O
of	O
Moses	O
have	O
been	O
read	O
in	O
the	O
synagogue	O
every	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
apostles	O
,	O
the	O
elders	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
whole	O
church	O
wanted	O
to	O
send	O
some	O
men	O
with	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
to	O
Antioch	O
.	O


The	O
group	O
decided	O
to	O
choose	O
some	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
men	O
.	O


They	O
chose	O
Judas	O
-LRB-	O
also	O
called	O
Barsabbas	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
Silas	O
,	O
men	O
who	O
were	O
respected	O
by	O
the	O
believers	O
.	O


The	O
group	O
sent	O
the	O
letter	O
with	O
these	O
men	O
.	O


The	O
letter	O
said	O
:	O
>	O
From	O
the	O
apostles	O
and	O
elders	O
,	O
your	O
brothers	O
.	O


To	O
all	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
brothers	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Antioch	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
countries	O
of	O
Syria	O
and	O
Cilicia	O
.	O


Dear	O
Brothers	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
heard	O
that	O
some	O
men	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
our	O
group	O
.	O


What	O
they	O
said	O
troubled	O
and	O
upset	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
did	O
not	O
tell	O
them	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
all	O
agreed	O
to	O
choose	O
some	O
men	O
and	O
send	O
them	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
our	O
dear	O
friends	O
,	O
Barnabas	O
and	O
Paul	O
.	O


Barnabas	O
and	O
Paul	O
have	O
given	O
their	O
lives	O
to	O
serve	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
have	O
sent	O
Judas	O
and	O
Silas	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
the	O
same	O
things	O
.	O


We	O
agree	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
that	O
you	O
should	O
have	O
no	O
more	O
burdens	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
these	O
necessary	O
things	O
:	O
Do	O
n't	O
eat	O
food	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
to	O
idols	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
eat	O
meat	O
from	O
animals	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
strangled	O
or	O
any	O
meat	O
that	O
still	O
has	O
the	O
blood	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
sexual	O
sin	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
stay	O
away	O
from	O
these	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
do	O
well	O
.	O


We	O
say	O
goodbye	O
now	O
.	O


So	O
Paul	O
,	O
Barnabas	O
,	O
Judas	O
,	O
and	O
Silas	O
left	O
Jerusalem	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
Antioch	O
.	O


There	O
they	O
gathered	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
believers	O
together	O
and	O
gave	O
them	O
the	O
letter	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
believers	O
read	O
it	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
happy	O
.	O


The	O
letter	O
comforted	O
them	O
.	O


Judas	O
and	O
Silas	O
,	O
who	O
were	O
also	O
prophets	O
,	O
said	O
many	O
things	O
to	O
encourage	O
the	O
believers	O
and	O
make	O
them	O
stronger	O
in	O
their	O
faith	O
.	O


After	O
Judas	O
and	O
Silas	O
stayed	O
there	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
,	O
they	O
left	O
.	O


They	O
received	O
a	O
blessing	O
of	O
peace	O
from	O
the	O
believers	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
sent	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
stayed	O
in	O
Antioch	O
.	O


They	O
and	O
many	O
others	O
taught	O
the	O
believers	O
and	O
told	O
other	O
people	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


A	O
few	O
days	O
later	O
,	O
Paul	O
said	O
to	O
Barnabas	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
should	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
towns	O
where	O
we	O
told	O
people	O
the	O
message	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
visit	O
our	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
family	O
to	O
see	O
how	O
they	O
are	O
doing	O
.	O
''	O


Barnabas	O
wanted	O
to	O
bring	O
John	O
Mark	O
with	O
them	O
too	O
.	O


But	O
on	O
their	O
first	O
trip	O
John	O
Mark	O
did	O
not	O
continue	O
with	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
work	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
left	O
them	O
at	O
Pamphylia	O
.	O


So	O
Paul	O
did	O
not	O
think	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
idea	O
to	O
take	O
him	O
this	O
time	O
.	O


Paul	O
and	O
Barnabas	O
had	O
a	O
big	O
argument	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
so	O
bad	O
that	O
they	O
separated	O
and	O
went	O
different	O
ways	O
.	O


Barnabas	O
sailed	O
to	O
Cyprus	O
and	O
took	O
Mark	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Paul	O
chose	O
Silas	O
to	O
go	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
believers	O
in	O
Antioch	O
put	O
Paul	O
into	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
care	O
and	O
sent	O
him	O
out	O
.	O


Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
went	O
through	O
the	O
countries	O
of	O
Syria	O
and	O
Cilicia	O
,	O
helping	O
the	O
churches	O
grow	O
stronger	O
.	O


Paul	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Derbe	O
and	O
then	O
to	O
Lystra	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
follower	O
of	O
Jesus	O
named	O
Timothy	O
lived	O
.	O


Timothy	O
's	O
mother	O
was	O
a	O
Jewish	O
believer	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
father	O
was	O
a	O
Greek	O
.	O


The	O
believers	O
in	O
the	O
cities	O
of	O
Lystra	O
and	O
Iconium	O
had	O
only	O
good	O
things	O
to	O
say	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


Paul	O
wanted	O
Timothy	O
to	O
travel	O
with	O
him	O
,	O
but	O
all	O
the	O
Jews	O
living	O
in	O
that	O
area	O
knew	O
that	O
his	O
father	O
was	O
a	O
Greek	O
.	O


So	O
Paul	O
circumcised	O
Timothy	O
to	O
please	O
the	O
Jews	O
.	O


Then	O
Paul	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
him	O
traveled	O
through	O
other	O
cities	O
.	O


They	O
gave	O
the	O
believers	O
the	O
rules	O
and	O
decisions	O
from	O
the	O
apostles	O
and	O
elders	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
obey	O
these	O
rules	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
churches	O
were	O
becoming	O
stronger	O
in	O
the	O
faith	O
and	O
were	O
growing	O
bigger	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


Paul	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
him	O
went	O
through	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
Phrygia	O
and	O
Galatia	O
because	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
did	O
not	O
allow	O
them	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
in	O
the	O
province	O
of	O
Asia	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
reached	O
the	O
border	O
of	O
Mysia	O
,	O
they	O
tried	O
to	O
go	O
on	O
into	O
Bithynia	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Spirit	O
of	O
Jesus	O
did	O
not	O
let	O
them	O
go	O
there	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
passed	O
by	O
Mysia	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Troas	O
.	O


That	O
night	O
Paul	O
saw	O
a	O
vision	O
.	O


In	O
it	O
,	O
a	O
man	O
from	O
Macedonia	O
came	O
to	O
Paul	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
stood	O
there	O
and	O
begged	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
across	O
to	O
Macedonia	O
and	O
help	O
us	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
Paul	O
had	O
seen	O
the	O
vision	O
,	O
we	O
immediately	O
prepared	O
to	O
leave	O
for	O
Macedonia	O
.	O


We	O
understood	O
that	O
God	O
had	O
called	O
us	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
to	O
those	O
people	O
.	O


We	O
left	O
Troas	O
in	O
a	O
ship	O
and	O
sailed	O
to	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
Samothrace	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
we	O
sailed	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Neapolis	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
went	O
to	O
Philippi	O
,	O
a	O
Roman	O
colony	O
and	O
the	O
leading	O
city	O
in	O
that	O
part	O
of	O
Macedonia	O
.	O


We	O
stayed	O
there	O
for	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
we	O
went	O
out	O
the	O
city	O
gate	O
to	O
the	O
river	O
.	O


There	O
we	O
thought	O
we	O
might	O
find	O
a	O
special	O
place	O
for	O
prayer	O
.	O


Some	O
women	O
had	O
gathered	O
there	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
sat	O
down	O
and	O
talked	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
woman	O
there	O
named	O
Lydia	O
from	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Thyatira	O
.	O


Her	O
job	O
was	O
selling	O
purple	O
cloth	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
a	O
worshiper	O
of	O
the	O
true	O
God	O
.	O


Lydia	O
was	O
listening	O
to	O
Paul	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
opened	O
her	O
heart	O
to	O
accept	O
what	O
Paul	O
was	O
saying	O
.	O


She	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
living	O
in	O
her	O
house	O
were	O
baptized	O
.	O


Then	O
she	O
invited	O
us	O
into	O
her	O
home	O
.	O


She	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
think	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
true	O
believer	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
,	O
come	O
stay	O
in	O
my	O
house	O
.	O
''	O


She	O
persuaded	O
us	O
to	O
stay	O
with	O
her	O
.	O


One	O
day	O
we	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
place	O
for	O
prayer	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
servant	O
girl	O
met	O
us	O
.	O


She	O
had	O
a	O
spirit	O
in	O
her	O
that	O
gave	O
her	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
tell	O
what	O
would	O
happen	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


By	O
doing	O
this	O
she	O
earned	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
for	O
the	O
men	O
who	O
owned	O
her	O
.	O


She	O
started	O
following	O
Paul	O
and	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
us	O
around	O
.	O


She	O
kept	O
shouting	O
,	O
``	O
These	O
men	O
are	O
servants	O
of	O
the	O
Most	O
High	O
God	O
!	O


They	O
are	O
telling	O
you	O
how	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
saved	O
!	O
''	O


She	O
continued	O
doing	O
this	O
for	O
many	O
days	O
.	O


This	O
bothered	O
Paul	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
turned	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
spirit	O
,	O
``	O
By	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
,	O
I	O
command	O
you	O
to	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
her	O
!	O
''	O


Immediately	O
,	O
the	O
spirit	O
came	O
out	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
men	O
who	O
owned	O
the	O
servant	O
girl	O
saw	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
realized	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
no	O
longer	O
use	O
her	O
to	O
make	O
money	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
grabbed	O
Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
and	O
dragged	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
square	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
the	O
authorities	O
.	O


They	O
brought	O
Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
before	O
the	O
Roman	O
officials	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
These	O
men	O
are	O
Jews	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
making	O
trouble	O
in	O
our	O
city	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
telling	O
people	O
to	O
do	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
right	O
for	O
us	O
as	O
Romans	O
to	O
do	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
whole	O
crowd	O
turned	O
against	O
Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
.	O


The	O
officials	O
tore	O
the	O
clothes	O
off	O
both	O
men	O
and	O
ordered	O
that	O
they	O
be	O
beaten	O
with	O
rods	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
beaten	O
severely	O
and	O
thrown	O
into	O
jail	O
.	O


The	O
officials	O
told	O
the	O
jailer	O
,	O
``	O
Guard	O
them	O
very	O
carefully	O
!	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
jailer	O
heard	O
this	O
special	O
order	O
,	O
he	O
put	O
Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
far	O
inside	O
the	O
jail	O
and	O
bound	O
their	O
feet	O
between	O
large	O
blocks	O
of	O
wood	O
.	O


About	O
midnight	O
Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
were	O
praying	O
and	O
singing	O
songs	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
prisoners	O
were	O
listening	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Suddenly	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
earthquake	O
so	O
strong	O
that	O
it	O
shook	O
the	O
foundation	O
of	O
the	O
jail	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
doors	O
of	O
the	O
jail	O
opened	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
chains	O
on	O
all	O
the	O
prisoners	O
fell	O
off	O
.	O


The	O
jailer	O
woke	O
up	O
and	O
saw	O
that	O
the	O
jail	O
doors	O
were	O
open	O
.	O


He	O
thought	O
that	O
the	O
prisoners	O
had	O
already	O
escaped	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
got	O
his	O
sword	O
and	O
was	O
ready	O
to	O
kill	O
himself	O
.	O


But	O
Paul	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
hurt	O
yourself	O
!	O


We	O
are	O
all	O
here	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
jailer	O
told	O
someone	O
to	O
bring	O
a	O
light	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
ran	O
inside	O
and	O
,	O
shaking	O
with	O
fear	O
,	O
fell	O
down	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
brought	O
them	O
outside	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Men	O
,	O
what	O
must	O
I	O
do	O
to	O
be	O
saved	O
?	O
''	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Believe	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
saved	O
--	O
you	O
and	O
all	O
who	O
live	O
in	O
your	O
house	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
told	O
the	O
message	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
to	O
the	O
jailer	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
lived	O
in	O
his	O
house	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
late	O
at	O
night	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
jailer	O
took	O
Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
and	O
washed	O
their	O
wounds	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
jailer	O
and	O
all	O
his	O
people	O
were	O
baptized	O
.	O


After	O
this	O
the	O
jailer	O
took	O
Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
home	O
and	O
gave	O
them	O
some	O
food	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
very	O
happy	O
because	O
they	O
now	O
believed	O
in	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
morning	O
the	O
Roman	O
officials	O
sent	O
some	O
soldiers	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
jailer	O
,	O
``	O
Let	O
these	O
men	O
go	O
free	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
jailer	O
said	O
to	O
Paul	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
officials	O
have	O
sent	O
these	O
soldiers	O
to	O
let	O
you	O
go	O
free	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
leave	O
now	O
.	O


Go	O
in	O
peace	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Paul	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
soldiers	O
,	O
``	O
Those	O
officials	O
did	O
not	O
prove	O
that	O
we	O
did	O
anything	O
wrong	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
beat	O
us	O
in	O
public	O
and	O
put	O
us	O
in	O
jail	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
are	O
Roman	O
citizens	O
.	O


Now	O
they	O
want	O
us	O
to	O
go	O
away	O
quietly	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
come	O
here	O
themselves	O
and	O
lead	O
us	O
out	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
soldiers	O
told	O
the	O
officials	O
what	O
Paul	O
said	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
heard	O
that	O
Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
were	O
Roman	O
citizens	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
afraid	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
came	O
and	O
told	O
them	O
they	O
were	O
sorry	O
.	O


They	O
led	O
them	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
jail	O
and	O
asked	O
them	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
came	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
jail	O
,	O
they	O
went	O
to	O
Lydia	O
's	O
house	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
believers	O
there	O
and	O
encouraged	O
them	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
left	O
.	O


Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
traveled	O
through	O
the	O
cities	O
of	O
Amphipolis	O
and	O
Apollonia	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Thessalonica	O
,	O
where	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
Jewish	O
synagogue	O
.	O


Paul	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
synagogue	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
Jews	O
as	O
he	O
always	O
did	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
three	O
weeks	O
,	O
on	O
each	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
,	O
he	O
discussed	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
explained	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
to	O
show	O
them	O
that	O
the	O
Christ	O
had	O
to	O
die	O
and	O
then	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
Jesus	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
telling	O
you	O
about	O
is	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O
''	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
there	O
believed	O
Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
and	O
decided	O
to	O
join	O
them	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
Greeks	O
who	O
were	O
worshipers	O
of	O
the	O
true	O
God	O
and	O
many	O
important	O
women	O
joined	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Jews	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
became	O
jealous	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
got	O
some	O
bad	O
men	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
city	O
center	O
to	O
make	O
trouble	O
.	O


They	O
formed	O
a	O
mob	O
and	O
caused	O
a	O
riot	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
to	O
Jason	O
's	O
house	O
,	O
looking	O
for	O
Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
bring	O
them	O
out	O
before	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
find	O
them	O
,	O
they	O
dragged	O
Jason	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
believers	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
leaders	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
These	O
men	O
have	O
made	O
trouble	O
everywhere	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
they	O
have	O
come	O
here	O
too	O
!	O


Jason	O
is	O
keeping	O
them	O
in	O
his	O
house	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
do	O
things	O
against	O
the	O
laws	O
of	O
Caesar	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
there	O
is	O
another	O
king	O
called	O
Jesus	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
city	O
leaders	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
people	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
became	O
very	O
upset	O
.	O


They	O
made	O
Jason	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
believers	O
deposit	O
money	O
to	O
guarantee	O
that	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
no	O
more	O
trouble	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
let	O
them	O
go	O
.	O


That	O
same	O
night	O
the	O
believers	O
sent	O
Paul	O
and	O
Silas	O
to	O
another	O
city	O
named	O
Berea	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
arrived	O
there	O
,	O
they	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
Jewish	O
synagogue	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
in	O
Berea	O
were	O
more	O
open	O
-	O
minded	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
Thessalonica	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
so	O
glad	O
to	O
hear	O
the	O
message	O
Paul	O
told	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
studied	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
every	O
day	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
what	O
they	O
heard	O
was	O
really	O
true	O
.	O


The	O
result	O
was	O
that	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
believed	O
,	O
including	O
many	O
important	O
Greek	O
women	O
and	O
men	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
Jews	O
in	O
Thessalonica	O
learned	O
that	O
Paul	O
was	O
telling	O
people	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
in	O
Berea	O
,	O
they	O
came	O
there	O
too	O
.	O


They	O
upset	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
made	O
trouble	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
believers	O
immediately	O
sent	O
Paul	O
away	O
to	O
the	O
coast	O
,	O
but	O
Silas	O
and	O
Timothy	O
stayed	O
in	O
Berea	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
went	O
with	O
Paul	O
took	O
him	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Athens	O
.	O


They	O
returned	O
with	O
a	O
message	O
for	O
Silas	O
and	O
Timothy	O
to	O
come	O
and	O
join	O
him	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
they	O
could	O
.	O


While	O
Paul	O
was	O
waiting	O
for	O
Silas	O
and	O
Timothy	O
in	O
Athens	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
upset	O
because	O
he	O
saw	O
that	O
the	O
city	O
was	O
full	O
of	O
idols	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
synagogue	O
he	O
talked	O
with	O
the	O
Jews	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
Greeks	O
who	O
were	O
worshipers	O
of	O
the	O
true	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
square	O
every	O
day	O
and	O
talked	O
with	O
everyone	O
who	O
came	O
by	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
Epicurean	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
Stoic	O
philosophers	O
argued	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
them	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
man	O
does	O
n't	O
really	O
know	O
what	O
he	O
is	O
talking	O
about	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
he	O
trying	O
to	O
say	O
?	O
''	O


Paul	O
was	O
telling	O
them	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
Jesus	O
and	O
the	O
resurrection	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
telling	O
us	O
about	O
some	O
other	O
gods	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
took	O
Paul	O
to	O
a	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
Areopagus	O
council	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Please	O
explain	O
to	O
us	O
this	O
new	O
idea	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
teaching	O
.	O


The	O
things	O
you	O
are	O
saying	O
are	O
new	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
never	O
heard	O
this	O
teaching	O
before	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
it	O
means	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
The	O
people	O
of	O
Athens	O
and	O
the	O
foreigners	O
who	O
lived	O
there	O
spent	O
all	O
their	O
time	O
either	O
telling	O
or	O
listening	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
latest	O
ideas	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Then	O
Paul	O
stood	O
up	O
before	O
the	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
Areopagus	O
council	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Men	O
of	O
Athens	O
,	O
everything	O
I	O
see	O
here	O
tells	O
me	O
you	O
are	O
very	O
religious	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
going	O
through	O
your	O
city	O
and	O
I	O
saw	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
worship	O
.	O


I	O
found	O
an	O
altar	O
that	O
had	O
these	O
words	O
written	O
on	O
it	O
:	O
'	O
to	O
an	O
unknown	O
god	O
.	O
'	O


You	O
worship	O
a	O
god	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
God	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
about	O
.	O


``	O
He	O
is	O
the	O
God	O
who	O
made	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
and	O
everything	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
Lord	O
of	O
the	O
land	O
and	O
the	O
sky	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
not	O
live	O
in	O
temples	O
built	O
by	O
human	O
hands	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
gives	O
people	O
life	O
,	O
breath	O
,	O
and	O
everything	O
else	O
they	O
need	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
not	O
need	O
any	O
help	O
from	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
everything	O
he	O
needs	O
.	O


God	O
began	O
by	O
making	O
one	O
man	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
him	O
he	O
made	O
all	O
the	O
different	O
people	O
who	O
live	O
everywhere	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


He	O
decided	O
exactly	O
when	O
and	O
where	O
they	O
would	O
live	O
.	O


``	O
God	O
wanted	O
people	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
perhaps	O
in	O
searching	O
all	O
around	O
for	O
him	O
,	O
they	O
would	O
find	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
far	O
from	O
any	O
of	O
us	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
through	O
him	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
live	O
,	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
we	O
do	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
be	O
who	O
we	O
are	O
.	O


As	O
your	O
own	O
poets	O
have	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
We	O
all	O
come	O
from	O
him	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
That	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


We	O
all	O
come	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
must	O
not	O
think	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
like	O
something	O
people	O
imagine	O
or	O
make	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
not	O
made	O
of	O
gold	O
,	O
silver	O
,	O
or	O
stone	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
people	O
did	O
not	O
understand	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
overlooked	O
this	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
he	O
is	O
telling	O
everyone	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
change	O
and	O
turn	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
decided	O
on	O
a	O
day	O
when	O
he	O
will	O
judge	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
is	O
fair	O
.	O


To	O
do	O
this	O
he	O
will	O
use	O
a	O
man	O
he	O
chose	O
long	O
ago	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
has	O
proved	O
to	O
everyone	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
man	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
proved	O
it	O
by	O
raising	O
him	O
from	O
death	O
!	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
people	O
heard	O
about	O
Jesus	O
being	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
laughed	O
.	O


But	O
others	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
will	O
hear	O
more	O
about	O
this	O
from	O
you	O
later	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Paul	O
left	O
the	O
council	O
meeting	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
joined	O
with	O
Paul	O
and	O
became	O
believers	O
.	O


Among	O
these	O
were	O
Dionysius	O
,	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Areopagus	O
council	O
,	O
a	O
woman	O
named	O
Damaris	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
others	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
Paul	O
left	O
Athens	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Corinth	O
.	O


There	O
he	O
met	O
a	O
Jewish	O
man	O
named	O
Aquila	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
born	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
Pontus	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
Priscilla	O
,	O
had	O
recently	O
moved	O
to	O
Corinth	O
from	O
Italy	O
.	O


They	O
left	O
Italy	O
because	O
Claudius	O
had	O
given	O
an	O
order	O
for	O
all	O
Jews	O
to	O
leave	O
Rome	O
.	O


Paul	O
went	O
to	O
visit	O
Aquila	O
and	O
Priscilla	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
tentmakers	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
Paul	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
stayed	O
with	O
them	O
and	O
worked	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


Every	O
Sabbath	O
day	O
Paul	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
synagogue	O
and	O
talked	O
with	O
both	O
Jews	O
and	O
Greeks	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
persuade	O
them	O
to	O
believe	O
in	O
Jesus	O
.	O


But	O
after	O
Silas	O
and	O
Timothy	O
came	O
from	O
Macedonia	O
,	O
Paul	O
spent	O
all	O
his	O
time	O
telling	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
to	O
the	O
Jews	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
convince	O
them	O
that	O
Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
disagreed	O
with	O
what	O
Paul	O
was	O
teaching	O
and	O
started	O
insulting	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
Paul	O
shook	O
the	O
dust	O
from	O
his	O
clothes	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
saved	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
your	O
own	O
fault	O
!	O


I	O
have	O
done	O
all	O
I	O
can	O
do	O
.	O


After	O
this	O
I	O
will	O
go	O
only	O
to	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


Paul	O
left	O
the	O
synagogue	O
and	O
moved	O
into	O
the	O
home	O
of	O
Titius	O
Justus	O
,	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
was	O
a	O
worshiper	O
of	O
the	O
true	O
God	O
.	O


His	O
house	O
was	O
next	O
to	O
the	O
synagogue	O
.	O


Crispus	O
was	O
the	O
leader	O
of	O
that	O
synagogue	O
.	O


He	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
living	O
in	O
his	O
house	O
believed	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Many	O
other	O
people	O
in	O
Corinth	O
also	O
listened	O
to	O
Paul	O
.	O


They	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
believed	O
and	O
were	O
baptized	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
night	O
,	O
Paul	O
had	O
a	O
vision	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
,	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
stop	O
talking	O
to	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
with	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
one	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
hurt	O
you	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
my	O
people	O
are	O
in	O
this	O
city	O
.	O
''	O


Paul	O
stayed	O
there	O
for	O
a	O
year	O
and	O
a	O
half	O
teaching	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
time	O
that	O
Gallio	O
was	O
the	O
governor	O
of	O
Achaia	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
came	O
together	O
against	O
Paul	O
.	O


They	O
took	O
him	O
to	O
court	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
Gallio	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
man	O
is	O
teaching	O
people	O
to	O
worship	O
God	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
is	O
against	O
our	O
law	O
!	O
''	O


Paul	O
was	O
ready	O
to	O
say	O
something	O
,	O
but	O
Gallio	O
spoke	O
to	O
the	O
Jews	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
would	O
listen	O
to	O
you	O
if	O
your	O
complaint	O
was	O
about	O
a	O
crime	O
or	O
other	O
wrong	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
only	O
about	O
words	O
and	O
names	O
--	O
arguments	O
about	O
your	O
own	O
law	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
must	O
solve	O
this	O
problem	O
yourselves	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
judge	O
of	O
these	O
matters	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
Gallio	O
made	O
them	O
leave	O
the	O
court	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
all	O
grabbed	O
Sosthenes	O
,	O
the	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
synagogue	O
.	O


They	O
beat	O
him	O
before	O
the	O
court	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
did	O
not	O
bother	O
Gallio	O
.	O


Paul	O
stayed	O
with	O
the	O
believers	O
for	O
many	O
days	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
left	O
and	O
sailed	O
for	O
Syria	O
.	O


Priscilla	O
and	O
Aquila	O
were	O
also	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


At	O
Cenchrea	O
Paul	O
cut	O
off	O
his	O
hair	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
made	O
a	O
promise	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Ephesus	O
,	O
where	O
Paul	O
left	O
Priscilla	O
and	O
Aquila	O
.	O


While	O
Paul	O
was	O
in	O
Ephesus	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
synagogue	O
and	O
talked	O
with	O
the	O
Jews	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
him	O
to	O
stay	O
longer	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
refused	O
.	O


He	O
left	O
them	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
come	O
back	O
to	O
you	O
again	O
if	O
God	O
wants	O
me	O
to	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
so	O
he	O
sailed	O
away	O
from	O
Ephesus	O
.	O


When	O
Paul	O
arrived	O
at	O
Caesarea	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
and	O
visited	O
the	O
church	O
there	O
.	O


After	O
that	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
Antioch	O
.	O


Paul	O
stayed	O
in	O
Antioch	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
left	O
there	O
and	O
went	O
through	O
the	O
countries	O
of	O
Galatia	O
and	O
Phrygia	O
.	O


He	O
traveled	O
from	O
town	O
to	O
town	O
in	O
these	O
countries	O
,	O
helping	O
all	O
the	O
followers	O
grow	O
stronger	O
in	O
their	O
faith	O
.	O


A	O
Jew	O
named	O
Apollos	O
came	O
to	O
Ephesus	O
.	O


Born	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Alexandria	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
an	O
educated	O
man	O
who	O
knew	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
well	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
been	O
taught	O
about	O
the	O
Lord	O
and	O
was	O
always	O
excited	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
people	O
about	O
Jesus	O
.	O


What	O
he	O
taught	O
was	O
right	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
only	O
baptism	O
he	O
knew	O
about	O
was	O
the	O
baptism	O
that	O
John	O
taught	O
.	O


Apollos	O
began	O
to	O
speak	O
very	O
boldly	O
in	O
the	O
synagogue	O
.	O


When	O
Priscilla	O
and	O
Aquila	O
heard	O
him	O
speak	O
,	O
they	O
took	O
him	O
to	O
their	O
home	O
and	O
helped	O
him	O
understand	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
God	O
better	O
.	O


Apollos	O
wanted	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Achaia	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
believers	O
in	O
Ephesus	O
helped	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
wrote	O
a	O
letter	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
followers	O
in	O
Achaia	O
and	O
asked	O
them	O
to	O
accept	O
Apollos	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
arrived	O
there	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
great	O
help	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
believed	O
in	O
Jesus	O
because	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
.	O


He	O
argued	O
very	O
strongly	O
against	O
the	O
Jews	O
before	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
clearly	O
proved	O
that	O
the	O
Jews	O
were	O
wrong	O
.	O


He	O
used	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
and	O
showed	O
that	O
Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O


After	O
we	O
said	O
goodbye	O
to	O
the	O
elders	O
,	O
we	O
sailed	O
away	O
straight	O
to	O
Cos	O
island	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
we	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
Rhodes	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
there	O
we	O
went	O
to	O
Patara	O
.	O


There	O
we	O
found	O
a	O
ship	O
that	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
Phoenicia	O
.	O


We	O
got	O
on	O
the	O
ship	O
and	O
sailed	O
away	O
.	O


We	O
sailed	O
near	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
Cyprus	O
.	O


We	O
could	O
see	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
north	O
side	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
did	O
not	O
stop	O
.	O


We	O
sailed	O
to	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
Syria	O
.	O


We	O
stopped	O
at	O
Tyre	O
because	O
the	O
ship	O
needed	O
to	O
unload	O
its	O
cargo	O
there	O
.	O


We	O
found	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
followers	O
there	O
and	O
stayed	O
with	O
them	O
for	O
seven	O
days	O
.	O


They	O
warned	O
Paul	O
not	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
Spirit	O
had	O
told	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
our	O
time	O
there	O
was	O
up	O
,	O
we	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
ship	O
to	O
continue	O
our	O
trip	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
followers	O
,	O
even	O
the	O
women	O
and	O
children	O
,	O
came	O
with	O
us	O
to	O
the	O
seashore	O
.	O


We	O
all	O
knelt	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
beach	O
,	O
prayed	O
,	O
and	O
said	O
goodbye	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
got	O
on	O
the	O
ship	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
followers	O
went	O
home	O
.	O


We	O
continued	O
our	O
trip	O
from	O
Tyre	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Ptolemais	O
.	O


We	O
greeted	O
our	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
family	O
there	O
and	O
stayed	O
with	O
them	O
one	O
day	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
we	O
left	O
Ptolemais	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Caesarea	O
.	O


We	O
went	O
into	O
the	O
home	O
of	O
Philip	O
and	O
stayed	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
telling	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
seven	O
helpers	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
four	O
unmarried	O
daughters	O
who	O
had	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
prophesying	O
.	O


After	O
we	O
had	O
been	O
there	O
for	O
several	O
days	O
,	O
a	O
prophet	O
named	O
Agabus	O
came	O
from	O
Judea	O
.	O


He	O
came	O
to	O
us	O
and	O
borrowed	O
Paul	O
's	O
belt	O
.	O


He	O
used	O
it	O
to	O
tie	O
his	O
own	O
hands	O
and	O
feet	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
tells	O
me	O
,	O
'	O
This	O
is	O
how	O
the	O
Jews	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
will	O
tie	O
up	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
wears	O
this	O
belt	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
will	O
hand	O
him	O
over	O
to	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
God	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


When	O
we	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
followers	O
there	O
begged	O
Paul	O
not	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
crying	O
and	O
making	O
me	O
feel	O
so	O
sad	O
?	O


I	O
am	O
willing	O
to	O
be	O
put	O
in	O
jail	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
even	O
ready	O
to	O
die	O
for	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
!	O
''	O


We	O
could	O
not	O
persuade	O
him	O
to	O
stay	O
away	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
stopped	O
begging	O
him	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
pray	O
that	O
what	O
the	O
Lord	O
wants	O
will	O
be	O
done	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
got	O
ready	O
and	O
left	O
for	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
followers	O
of	O
Jesus	O
from	O
Caesarea	O
went	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


These	O
followers	O
took	O
us	O
to	O
the	O
home	O
of	O
Mnason	O
,	O
a	O
man	O
from	O
Cyprus	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
people	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
follower	O
of	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
took	O
us	O
to	O
his	O
home	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
could	O
stay	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
were	O
very	O
happy	O
to	O
see	O
us	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
Paul	O
went	O
with	O
us	O
to	O
visit	O
James	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
elders	O
were	O
there	O
.	O


After	O
greeting	O
them	O
,	O
Paul	O
told	O
them	O
point	O
by	O
point	O
all	O
that	O
God	O
had	O
used	O
him	O
to	O
do	O
among	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
leaders	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
praised	O
God	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
said	O
to	O
Paul	O
,	O
``	O
Brother	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
thousands	O
of	O
Jews	O
have	O
become	O
believers	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
to	O
obey	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
been	O
told	O
that	O
you	O
teach	O
the	O
Jews	O
who	O
live	O
in	O
non-Jewish	O
regions	O
to	O
stop	O
following	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
heard	O
that	O
you	O
tell	O
them	O
not	O
to	O
circumcise	O
their	O
sons	O
or	O
follow	O
our	O
other	O
customs	O
.	O


``	O
What	O
should	O
we	O
do	O
?	O


The	O
Jewish	O
believers	O
here	O
will	O
learn	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
come	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
:	O
Four	O
of	O
our	O
men	O
have	O
made	O
a	O
vow	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Take	O
these	O
men	O
with	O
you	O
and	O
share	O
in	O
their	O
cleansing	O
ceremony	O
.	O


Pay	O
their	O
expenses	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
shave	O
their	O
heads	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
prove	O
to	O
everyone	O
that	O
the	O
things	O
they	O
have	O
heard	O
about	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
true	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
see	O
that	O
you	O
obey	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
in	O
your	O
own	O
life	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
believers	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
already	O
sent	O
a	O
letter	O
to	O
them	O
saying	O
what	O
we	O
think	O
they	O
should	O
do	O
:	O
'	O
Do	O
n't	O
eat	O
food	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
to	O
idols	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
eat	O
meat	O
from	O
animals	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
strangled	O
or	O
any	O
meat	O
that	O
still	O
has	O
the	O
blood	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
sexual	O
sin	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


So	O
Paul	O
took	O
the	O
four	O
men	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
he	O
shared	O
in	O
their	O
cleansing	O
ceremony	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
and	O
announced	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
the	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
cleansing	O
ceremony	O
would	O
be	O
finished	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
last	O
day	O
an	O
offering	O
would	O
be	O
given	O
for	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
men	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
seven-day	O
period	O
was	O
almost	O
finished	O
,	O
some	O
Jews	O
from	O
Asia	O
saw	O
Paul	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
.	O


They	O
stirred	O
up	O
everyone	O
into	O
an	O
angry	O
mob	O
.	O


They	O
grabbed	O
Paul	O
and	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
Men	O
of	O
Israel	O
,	O
help	O
us	O
!	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
is	O
teaching	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
against	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
,	O
against	O
our	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
against	O
this	O
Temple	O
of	O
ours	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
he	O
teaches	O
people	O
everywhere	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
he	O
has	O
brought	O
some	O
Greeks	O
into	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
and	O
has	O
made	O
this	O
holy	O
place	O
unclean	O
!	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
The	O
Jews	O
said	O
this	O
because	O
they	O
had	O
seen	O
Trophimus	O
with	O
Paul	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


Trophimus	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
from	O
Ephesus	O
.	O


The	O
Jews	O
thought	O
that	O
Paul	O
had	O
taken	O
him	O
into	O
the	O
holy	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


An	O
angry	O
reaction	O
spread	O
throughout	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
and	O
everyone	O
came	O
running	O
to	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


They	O
grabbed	O
Paul	O
and	O
dragged	O
him	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
holy	O
area	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
gates	O
were	O
closed	O
immediately	O
.	O


While	O
they	O
were	O
trying	O
to	O
kill	O
Paul	O
,	O
the	O
commander	O
of	O
the	O
Roman	O
army	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
got	O
word	O
that	O
the	O
whole	O
city	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
riot	O
.	O


Immediately	O
the	O
commander	O
ran	O
to	O
where	O
the	O
crowd	O
had	O
gathered	O
,	O
taking	O
with	O
him	O
some	O
army	O
officers	O
and	O
soldiers	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
people	O
saw	O
the	O
commander	O
and	O
his	O
soldiers	O
,	O
they	O
stopped	O
beating	O
Paul	O
.	O


The	O
commander	O
went	O
over	O
to	O
Paul	O
and	O
arrested	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
his	O
soldiers	O
to	O
tie	O
him	O
up	O
with	O
two	O
chains	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
is	O
this	O
man	O
?	O


What	O
has	O
he	O
done	O
wrong	O
?	O
''	O


Some	O
people	O
there	O
were	O
shouting	O
one	O
thing	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
were	O
shouting	O
something	O
else	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
all	O
this	O
confusion	O
and	O
shouting	O
,	O
the	O
commander	O
could	O
not	O
learn	O
the	O
truth	O
about	O
what	O
had	O
happened	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
told	O
the	O
soldiers	O
to	O
take	O
Paul	O
to	O
the	O
army	O
building	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
crowd	O
was	O
following	O
them	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
soldiers	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
steps	O
,	O
they	O
had	O
to	O
carry	O
Paul	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
this	O
to	O
protect	O
him	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
ready	O
to	O
hurt	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
were	O
shouting	O
,	O
``	O
Kill	O
him	O
!	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
soldiers	O
were	O
ready	O
to	O
take	O
Paul	O
into	O
the	O
army	O
building	O
,	O
he	O
asked	O
the	O
commander	O
,	O
``	O
Can	O
I	O
say	O
something	O
to	O
you	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
commander	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Oh	O
,	O
you	O
speak	O
Greek	O
?	O


Then	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
the	O
man	O
I	O
thought	O
you	O
were	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
you	O
were	O
the	O
Egyptian	O
who	O
started	O
some	O
trouble	O
against	O
the	O
government	O
not	O
long	O
ago	O
and	O
led	O
four	O
thousand	O
terrorists	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
desert	O
.	O
''	O


Paul	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
Jew	O
from	O
Tarsus	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
Cilicia	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
a	O
citizen	O
of	O
that	O
important	O
city	O
.	O


Please	O
,	O
let	O
me	O
speak	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
commander	O
told	O
Paul	O
he	O
could	O
speak	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
stood	O
on	O
the	O
steps	O
and	O
waved	O
his	O
hand	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
would	O
be	O
quiet	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
became	O
quiet	O
and	O
Paul	O
spoke	O
to	O
them	O
in	O
Aramaic	O
.	O


Paul	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
brothers	O
and	O
fathers	O
,	O
listen	O
to	O
me	O
!	O


I	O
will	O
make	O
my	O
defense	O
to	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
Jews	O
heard	O
Paul	O
speaking	O
Aramaic	O
,	O
they	O
became	O
very	O
quiet	O
.	O


Then	O
Paul	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
Jew	O
,	O
born	O
in	O
Tarsus	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
Cilicia	O
.	O


I	O
grew	O
up	O
in	O
this	O
city	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
a	O
student	O
of	O
Gamaliel	O
,	O
who	O
carefully	O
taught	O
me	O
everything	O
about	O
the	O
law	O
of	O
our	O
fathers	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
very	O
serious	O
about	O
serving	O
God	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
here	O
today	O
.	O


I	O
persecuted	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
followed	O
the	O
Way	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
killed	O
because	O
of	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
arrested	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
and	O
put	O
them	O
in	O
jail	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
high	O
priest	O
and	O
the	O
whole	O
council	O
of	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


One	O
time	O
these	O
leaders	O
gave	O
me	O
some	O
letters	O
.	O


The	O
letters	O
were	O
to	O
the	O
Jewish	O
brothers	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Damascus	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
going	O
there	O
to	O
arrest	O
the	O
followers	O
of	O
Jesus	O
and	O
bring	O
them	O
back	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
for	O
punishment	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
something	O
happened	O
to	O
me	O
on	O
my	O
way	O
to	O
Damascus	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
about	O
noon	O
when	O
I	O
came	O
close	O
to	O
Damascus	O
.	O


Suddenly	O
a	O
bright	O
light	O
from	O
heaven	O
shined	O
all	O
around	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
fell	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
and	O
heard	O
a	O
voice	O
saying	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
'	O
Saul	O
,	O
Saul	O
,	O
why	O
are	O
you	O
persecuting	O
me	O
?	O
'	O


``	O
I	O
asked	O
,	O
'	O
Who	O
are	O
you	O
,	O
Lord	O
?	O
'	O


The	O
voice	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
am	O
Jesus	O
from	O
Nazareth	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
you	O
are	O
persecuting	O
.	O
'	O


The	O
men	O
who	O
were	O
with	O
me	O
did	O
not	O
understand	O
the	O
voice	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
saw	O
the	O
light	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
What	O
shall	O
I	O
do	O
,	O
Lord	O
?	O
'	O


The	O
Lord	O
answered	O
,	O
'	O
Get	O
up	O
and	O
go	O
into	O
Damascus	O
.	O


There	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
told	O
all	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
planned	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
.	O
'	O


I	O
could	O
not	O
see	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
bright	O
light	O
had	O
made	O
me	O
blind	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
men	O
led	O
me	O
into	O
Damascus	O
.	O


``	O
In	O
Damascus	O
a	O
man	O
named	O
Ananias	O
came	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
was	O
devoted	O
to	O
God	O
and	O
obeyed	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
Jews	O
who	O
lived	O
there	O
respected	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
came	O
to	O
me	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Saul	O
,	O
my	O
brother	O
,	O
look	O
up	O
and	O
see	O
again	O
!	O
'	O


Immediately	O
I	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
.	O


``	O
Ananias	O
told	O
me	O
,	O
'	O
The	O
God	O
of	O
our	O
fathers	O
chose	O
you	O
long	O
ago	O
to	O
know	O
his	O
plan	O
.	O


He	O
chose	O
you	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
Righteous	O
One	O
and	O
to	O
hear	O
words	O
from	O
him	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
his	O
witness	O
to	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
tell	O
them	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
seen	O
and	O
heard	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
wait	O
any	O
longer	O
.	O


Get	O
up	O
,	O
be	O
baptized	O
and	O
wash	O
away	O
your	O
sins	O
,	O
trusting	O
in	O
Jesus	O
to	O
save	O
you	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
Later	O
,	O
I	O
came	O
back	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
praying	O
in	O
the	O
Temple	O
area	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
saw	O
a	O
vision	O
.	O


I	O
saw	O
Jesus	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
'	O
Hurry	O
and	O
leave	O
Jerusalem	O
now	O
!	O


The	O
people	O
here	O
will	O
not	O
accept	O
the	O
truth	O
you	O
tell	O
them	O
about	O
me	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
I	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
But	O
,	O
Lord	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
put	O
the	O
believers	O
in	O
jail	O
and	O
beat	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
went	O
through	O
all	O
the	O
synagogues	O
to	O
find	O
and	O
arrest	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
believe	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
also	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
there	O
when	O
Stephen	O
,	O
your	O
witness	O
,	O
was	O
killed	O
.	O


I	O
stood	O
there	O
and	O
agreed	O
that	O
they	O
should	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


I	O
even	O
held	O
the	O
coats	O
of	O
the	O
men	O
who	O
were	O
killing	O
him	O
!	O
'	O


``	O
But	O
Jesus	O
said	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
'	O
Leave	O
now	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
send	O
you	O
far	O
away	O
to	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


The	O
people	O
stopped	O
listening	O
when	O
Paul	O
said	O
this	O
last	O
thing	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
Get	O
rid	O
of	O
this	O
man	O
!	O


He	O
does	O
n't	O
deserve	O
to	O
live	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
kept	O
on	O
shouting	O
,	O
ripping	O
off	O
their	O
clothes	O
and	O
throwing	O
dust	O
into	O
the	O
air	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
commander	O
told	O
the	O
soldiers	O
to	O
take	O
Paul	O
into	O
the	O
army	O
building	O
and	O
beat	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
to	O
make	O
Paul	O
tell	O
why	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
shouting	O
against	O
him	O
like	O
this	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
soldiers	O
were	O
tying	O
Paul	O
,	O
preparing	O
to	O
beat	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
an	O
army	O
officer	O
there	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
beat	O
a	O
Roman	O
citizen	O
who	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
proven	O
guilty	O
?	O
''	O


When	O
the	O
officer	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
commander	O
and	O
told	O
him	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
officer	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
doing	O
?	O


This	O
man	O
is	O
a	O
Roman	O
citizen	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
commander	O
came	O
to	O
Paul	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Tell	O
me	O
,	O
are	O
you	O
really	O
a	O
Roman	O
citizen	O
?	O
''	O


He	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
commander	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
paid	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
Roman	O
citizen	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Paul	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
was	O
born	O
a	O
citizen	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
men	O
who	O
were	O
preparing	O
to	O
question	O
Paul	O
moved	O
away	O
from	O
him	O
immediately	O
.	O


The	O
commander	O
was	O
afraid	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
already	O
put	O
Paul	O
in	O
chains	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
Roman	O
citizen	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
the	O
commander	O
decided	O
to	O
learn	O
why	O
the	O
Jews	O
were	O
accusing	O
Paul	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
ordered	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
whole	O
high	O
council	O
to	O
meet	O
together	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
Paul	O
's	O
chains	O
taken	O
off	O
and	O
had	O
him	O
brought	O
in	O
to	O
face	O
the	O
council	O
.	O


Paul	O
looked	O
at	O
the	O
council	O
members	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O


Brothers	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
lived	O
my	O
life	O
in	O
a	O
good	O
way	O
before	O
God	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
always	O
done	O
what	O
I	O
thought	O
was	O
right	O
.	O
''	O


Ananias	O
,	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
,	O
was	O
there	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
told	O
the	O
men	O
who	O
were	O
standing	O
near	O
Paul	O
to	O
hit	O
him	O
in	O
the	O
mouth	O
.	O


Paul	O
said	O
to	O
Ananias	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
will	O
hit	O
you	O
too	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
like	O
a	O
dirty	O
wall	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
painted	O
white	O
.	O


You	O
sit	O
there	O
and	O
judge	O
me	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
are	O
telling	O
them	O
to	O
hit	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
against	O
the	O
law	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
men	O
standing	O
near	O
Paul	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Are	O
you	O
sure	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
insult	O
God	O
's	O
high	O
priest	O
like	O
that	O
?	O
''	O


Paul	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Brothers	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
this	O
man	O
was	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
must	O
not	O
say	O
bad	O
things	O
about	O
a	O
leader	O
of	O
your	O
people	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Paul	O
knew	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
men	O
in	O
the	O
council	O
meeting	O
were	O
Sadducees	O
and	O
some	O
were	O
Pharisees	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
brothers	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
Pharisee	O
and	O
my	O
father	O
was	O
a	O
Pharisee	O
!	O


I	O
am	O
on	O
trial	O
here	O
because	O
I	O
believe	O
that	O
people	O
will	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
Paul	O
said	O
this	O
,	O
a	O
big	O
argument	O
started	O
between	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
and	O
the	O
Sadducees	O
.	O


The	O
group	O
was	O
divided	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
The	O
Sadducees	O
believe	O
that	O
after	O
people	O
die	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
not	O
live	O
again	O
as	O
an	O
angel	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
spirit	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
believe	O
in	O
both	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


All	O
these	O
Jews	O
began	O
shouting	O
louder	O
and	O
louder	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
who	O
were	O
Pharisees	O
,	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
argued	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
find	O
nothing	O
wrong	O
with	O
this	O
man	O
.	O


Maybe	O
an	O
angel	O
or	O
a	O
spirit	O
really	O
did	O
speak	O
to	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
argument	O
turned	O
into	O
a	O
fight	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
commander	O
was	O
afraid	O
that	O
the	O
Jews	O
would	O
tear	O
Paul	O
to	O
pieces	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
told	O
the	O
soldiers	O
to	O
go	O
down	O
and	O
take	O
Paul	O
away	O
from	O
these	O
Jews	O
and	O
put	O
him	O
in	O
the	O
army	O
building	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
night	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
came	O
and	O
stood	O
by	O
Paul	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
brave	O
!	O


You	O
have	O
told	O
people	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
about	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
do	O
the	O
same	O
in	O
Rome	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
next	O
morning	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
made	O
a	O
plan	O
to	O
kill	O
Paul	O
.	O


They	O
made	O
a	O
promise	O
to	O
themselves	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
eat	O
or	O
drink	O
anything	O
until	O
they	O
had	O
killed	O
him	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
more	O
than	O
40	O
of	O
them	O
who	O
made	O
this	O
plan	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
and	O
talked	O
to	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
have	O
promised	O
ourselves	O
that	O
we	O
will	O
not	O
eat	O
or	O
drink	O
until	O
we	O
have	O
killed	O
Paul	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
we	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
:	O
Send	O
a	O
message	O
to	O
the	O
commander	O
from	O
you	O
and	O
the	O
high	O
council	O
.	O


Tell	O
him	O
you	O
want	O
him	O
to	O
bring	O
Paul	O
out	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Say	O
that	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
ask	O
him	O
more	O
questions	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
be	O
waiting	O
to	O
kill	O
him	O
while	O
he	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
here	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Paul	O
's	O
nephew	O
heard	O
about	O
this	O
plan	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
army	O
building	O
and	O
told	O
Paul	O
.	O


Then	O
Paul	O
called	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
army	O
officers	O
and	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Take	O
this	O
young	O
man	O
to	O
the	O
commander	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
a	O
message	O
for	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
army	O
officer	O
brought	O
Paul	O
's	O
nephew	O
to	O
the	O
commander	O
.	O


The	O
officer	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
prisoner	O
Paul	O
asked	O
me	O
to	O
bring	O
this	O
young	O
man	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
something	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
commander	O
led	O
the	O
young	O
man	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
alone	O
.	O


The	O
commander	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
tell	O
me	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
young	O
man	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Some	O
Jews	O
have	O
decided	O
to	O
ask	O
you	O
to	O
bring	O
Paul	O
down	O
to	O
their	O
council	O
meeting	O
tomorrow	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
think	O
that	O
they	O
plan	O
to	O
ask	O
Paul	O
more	O
questions	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
them	O
!	O


More	O
than	O
40	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
hiding	O
and	O
waiting	O
to	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
all	O
promised	O
not	O
to	O
eat	O
or	O
drink	O
until	O
they	O
have	O
killed	O
him	O
.	O


Now	O
they	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
say	O
yes	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
commander	O
sent	O
the	O
young	O
man	O
away	O
,	O
telling	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
tell	O
anyone	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
told	O
me	O
about	O
their	O
plan	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
commander	O
called	O
two	O
army	O
officers	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
need	O
some	O
men	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Caesarea	O
.	O


Get	O
200	O
soldiers	O
ready	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
get	O
70	O
soldiers	O
on	O
horses	O
and	O
200	O
men	O
to	O
carry	O
spears	O
.	O


Be	O
ready	O
to	O
leave	O
at	O
nine	O
o'clock	O
tonight	O
.	O


Get	O
some	O
horses	O
for	O
Paul	O
to	O
ride	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
can	O
be	O
taken	O
to	O
Governor	O
Felix	O
safely	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
commander	O
wrote	O
a	O
letter	O
that	O
said	O
:	O
>	O
From	O
Claudius	O
Lysias	O
.	O


To	O
the	O
Most	O
Honorable	O
Governor	O
Felix	O
.	O


Greetings	O
:	O
Some	O
Jews	O
had	O
taken	O
this	O
man	O
and	O
planned	O
to	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
learned	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
a	O
Roman	O
citizen	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
went	O
with	O
my	O
soldiers	O
and	O
saved	O
him	O
.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
know	O
why	O
they	O
were	O
accusing	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
brought	O
him	O
before	O
their	O
council	O
meeting	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
learned	O
:	O
The	O
Jews	O
said	O
this	O
man	O
did	O
some	O
things	O
that	O
were	O
wrong	O
.	O


But	O
these	O
charges	O
were	O
about	O
their	O
own	O
Jewish	O
laws	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
nothing	O
worthy	O
of	O
jail	O
or	O
death	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
told	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
were	O
making	O
a	O
plan	O
to	O
kill	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
decided	O
to	O
send	O
him	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
also	O
told	O
those	O
Jews	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
against	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
soldiers	O
did	O
what	O
they	O
were	O
told	O
.	O


They	O
got	O
Paul	O
and	O
took	O
him	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Antipatris	O
that	O
night	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
the	O
soldiers	O
on	O
horses	O
went	O
with	O
Paul	O
to	O
Caesarea	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
other	O
soldiers	O
and	O
the	O
spearmen	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
army	O
building	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


The	O
soldiers	O
on	O
horses	O
entered	O
Caesarea	O
,	O
gave	O
the	O
letter	O
to	O
Governor	O
Felix	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
turned	O
Paul	O
over	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
governor	O
read	O
the	O
letter	O
and	O
asked	O
Paul	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
country	O
are	O
you	O
from	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
governor	O
learned	O
that	O
Paul	O
was	O
from	O
Cilicia	O
.	O


The	O
governor	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
hear	O
your	O
case	O
when	O
the	O
Jews	O
who	O
are	O
accusing	O
you	O
come	O
here	O
too	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
governor	O
gave	O
orders	O
for	O
Paul	O
to	O
be	O
kept	O
in	O
the	O
palace	O
built	O
by	O
Herod	O
.	O


Five	O
days	O
later	O
Ananias	O
,	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
,	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Caesarea	O
.	O


He	O
brought	O
with	O
him	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
and	O
a	O
lawyer	O
named	O
Tertullus	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
to	O
Caesarea	O
to	O
make	O
charges	O
against	O
Paul	O
before	O
the	O
governor	O
.	O


Paul	O
was	O
called	O
into	O
the	O
meeting	O
,	O
and	O
Tertullus	O
began	O
to	O
make	O
his	O
accusations	O
.	O


Tertullus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Most	O
Honorable	O
Felix	O
,	O
our	O
people	O
enjoy	O
much	O
peace	O
because	O
of	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
wrong	O
things	O
in	O
our	O
country	O
are	O
being	O
made	O
right	O
through	O
your	O
wise	O
help	O
.	O


For	O
this	O
we	O
all	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
thankful	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
take	O
any	O
more	O
of	O
your	O
time	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
will	O
say	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
words	O
.	O


Please	O
be	O
patient	O
.	O


This	O
man	O
is	O
a	O
troublemaker	O
.	O


He	O
causes	O
trouble	O
with	O
the	O
Jews	O
everywhere	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
a	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
Nazarene	O
group	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
Temple	O
unclean	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
stopped	O
him	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
decide	O
if	O
all	O
this	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


Ask	O
him	O
some	O
questions	O
yourself	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
other	O
Jews	O
agreed	O
and	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
all	O
true	O
.	O


The	O
governor	O
made	O
a	O
sign	O
for	O
Paul	O
to	O
speak	O
.	O


So	O
Paul	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
Governor	O
Felix	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
judge	O
over	O
this	O
nation	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
am	O
happy	O
to	O
defend	O
myself	O
before	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
went	O
to	O
worship	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
only	O
twelve	O
days	O
ago	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
learn	O
for	O
yourself	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


These	O
Jews	O
who	O
are	O
accusing	O
me	O
did	O
not	O
find	O
me	O
arguing	O
with	O
anyone	O
at	O
the	O
Temple	O
or	O
making	O
trouble	O
with	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
was	O
not	O
making	O
trouble	O
or	O
arguing	O
in	O
the	O
synagogues	O
or	O
any	O
other	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


These	O
men	O
can	O
not	O
prove	O
the	O
things	O
they	O
are	O
saying	O
against	O
me	O
now	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
I	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
:	O
I	O
worship	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
our	O
fathers	O
as	O
a	O
follower	O
of	O
the	O
Way	O
,	O
which	O
these	O
Jews	O
say	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
believe	O
everything	O
that	O
is	O
taught	O
in	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
and	O
all	O
that	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
books	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
hope	O
in	O
God	O
that	O
these	O
Jews	O
have	O
--	O
the	O
hope	O
that	O
all	O
people	O
,	O
good	O
and	O
bad	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
always	O
try	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
I	O
believe	O
is	O
right	O
before	O
God	O
and	O
before	O
everyone	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
was	O
away	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
.	O


I	O
went	O
back	O
there	O
to	O
take	O
money	O
to	O
help	O
my	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
also	O
had	O
some	O
gifts	O
to	O
offer	O
at	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
doing	O
this	O
when	O
some	O
Jews	O
saw	O
me	O
there	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
finished	O
the	O
cleansing	O
ceremony	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
not	O
made	O
any	O
trouble	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
one	O
was	O
gathering	O
around	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
Jews	O
from	O
Asia	O
were	O
there	O
.	O


They	O
should	O
be	O
here	O
,	O
standing	O
before	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
have	O
really	O
done	O
anything	O
wrong	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
should	O
accuse	O
me	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
there	O
!	O


Ask	O
these	O
men	O
here	O
if	O
they	O
found	O
any	O
wrong	O
in	O
me	O
when	O
I	O
stood	O
before	O
the	O
high	O
council	O
meeting	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
say	O
one	O
thing	O
when	O
I	O
stood	O
before	O
them	O
and	O
shouted	O
,	O
'	O
You	O
are	O
judging	O
me	O
today	O
because	O
I	O
believe	O
that	O
people	O
will	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
!	O
'	O
''	O


Felix	O
already	O
understood	O
a	O
lot	O
about	O
the	O
Way	O
.	O


He	O
stopped	O
the	O
trial	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
When	O
commander	O
Lysias	O
comes	O
here	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
decide	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Felix	O
told	O
the	O
army	O
officer	O
to	O
keep	O
Paul	O
guarded	O
but	O
to	O
give	O
him	O
some	O
freedom	O
and	O
to	O
let	O
his	O
friends	O
bring	O
whatever	O
he	O
needed	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
Felix	O
came	O
with	O
his	O
wife	O
Drusilla	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
a	O
Jew	O
.	O


Felix	O
asked	O
for	O
Paul	O
to	O
be	O
brought	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
listened	O
to	O
Paul	O
talk	O
about	O
believing	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


But	O
Felix	O
became	O
afraid	O
when	O
Paul	O
spoke	O
about	O
things	O
like	O
doing	O
right	O
,	O
self-control	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
judgment	O
that	O
will	O
come	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
away	O
now	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
have	O
more	O
time	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
call	O
for	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Felix	O
had	O
another	O
reason	O
for	O
talking	O
with	O
Paul	O
.	O


He	O
hoped	O
Paul	O
would	O
pay	O
him	O
a	O
bribe	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
sent	O
for	O
Paul	O
often	O
and	O
talked	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
after	O
two	O
years	O
,	O
Porcius	O
Festus	O
became	O
governor	O
.	O


So	O
Felix	O
was	O
no	O
longer	O
governor	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
left	O
Paul	O
in	O
prison	O
to	O
please	O
the	O
Jews	O
.	O


Festus	O
became	O
governor	O
,	O
and	O
three	O
days	O
later	O
he	O
went	O
from	O
Caesarea	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


The	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
important	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
made	O
charges	O
against	O
Paul	O
before	O
Festus	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
Festus	O
to	O
do	O
them	O
a	O
favor	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
him	O
to	O
send	O
Paul	O
back	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
because	O
they	O
had	O
a	O
plan	O
to	O
kill	O
Paul	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


But	O
Festus	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
,	O
Paul	O
will	O
be	O
kept	O
in	O
Caesarea	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
be	O
going	O
there	O
soon	O
myself	O
,	O
and	O
your	O
leaders	O
can	O
go	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


If	O
this	O
man	O
has	O
really	O
done	O
anything	O
wrong	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
accuse	O
him	O
there	O
.	O
''	O


Festus	O
stayed	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
another	O
eight	O
or	O
ten	O
days	O
and	O
then	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
Caesarea	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
Festus	O
told	O
the	O
soldiers	O
to	O
bring	O
Paul	O
before	O
him	O
.	O


Festus	O
was	O
seated	O
on	O
the	O
judgment	O
seat	O
.	O


Paul	O
came	O
into	O
the	O
room	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Jews	O
who	O
had	O
come	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
stood	O
around	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
made	O
many	O
serious	O
charges	O
against	O
him	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
prove	O
anything	O
.	O


Paul	O
defended	O
himself	O
,	O
saying	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
have	O
done	O
nothing	O
wrong	O
against	O
the	O
Jewish	O
law	O
,	O
against	O
the	O
Temple	O
,	O
or	O
against	O
Caesar	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Festus	O
wanted	O
to	O
please	O
the	O
Jews	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
asked	O
Paul	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
judge	O
you	O
there	O
on	O
these	O
charges	O
?	O
''	O


Paul	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
standing	O
at	O
Caesar	O
's	O
judgment	O
seat	O
now	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
where	O
I	O
should	O
be	O
judged	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
done	O
nothing	O
wrong	O
to	O
the	O
Jews	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
have	O
done	O
something	O
wrong	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
law	O
says	O
I	O
must	O
die	O
,	O
then	O
I	O
agree	O
that	O
I	O
should	O
die	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
ask	O
to	O
be	O
saved	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
these	O
charges	O
are	O
not	O
true	O
,	O
then	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
hand	O
me	O
over	O
to	O
these	O
people	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
want	O
Caesar	O
to	O
hear	O
my	O
case	O
!	O
''	O


Festus	O
talked	O
about	O
this	O
with	O
his	O
advisors	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
have	O
asked	O
to	O
see	O
Caesar	O
,	O
so	O
you	O
will	O
go	O
to	O
Caesar	O
!	O
''	O


A	O
few	O
days	O
later	O
King	O
Agrippa	O
and	O
Bernice	O
came	O
to	O
Caesarea	O
to	O
visit	O
Festus	O
.	O


They	O
stayed	O
there	O
many	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
Festus	O
told	O
the	O
king	O
about	O
Paul	O
's	O
case	O
.	O


Festus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
man	O
that	O
Felix	O
left	O
in	O
prison	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
and	O
the	O
older	O
Jewish	O
leaders	O
there	O
made	O
charges	O
against	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
me	O
to	O
order	O
his	O
death	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
told	O
them	O
,	O
'	O
When	O
a	O
man	O
is	O
accused	O
of	O
doing	O
something	O
wrong	O
,	O
Romans	O
do	O
n't	O
hand	O
him	O
over	O
for	O
others	O
to	O
judge	O
.	O


First	O
,	O
he	O
must	O
face	O
the	O
people	O
accusing	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
he	O
must	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
defend	O
himself	O
against	O
their	O
charges	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
So	O
when	O
these	O
Jews	O
came	O
here	O
for	O
the	O
trial	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
waste	O
time	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
I	O
sat	O
on	O
the	O
judgment	O
seat	O
and	O
ordered	O
Paul	O
to	O
be	O
brought	O
in	O
.	O


The	O
Jews	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
accused	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
accuse	O
him	O
of	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
crimes	O
I	O
thought	O
they	O
would	O
.	O


Their	O
charges	O
were	O
all	O
about	O
their	O
own	O
religion	O
and	O
about	O
a	O
man	O
named	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Jesus	O
died	O
,	O
but	O
Paul	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
still	O
alive	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
any	O
idea	O
about	O
how	O
to	O
judge	O
these	O
matters	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
asked	O
Paul	O
,	O
'	O
Do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
and	O
be	O
judged	O
there	O
?	O
'	O


But	O
Paul	O
asked	O
to	O
be	O
kept	O
in	O
Caesarea	O
.	O


He	O
wants	O
a	O
decision	O
from	O
the	O
emperor	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
ordered	O
that	O
he	O
be	O
held	O
until	O
I	O
could	O
send	O
him	O
to	O
Caesar	O
in	O
Rome	O
.	O
''	O


Agrippa	O
said	O
to	O
Festus	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
hear	O
this	O
man	O
too	O
.	O
''	O


Festus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Tomorrow	O
you	O
can	O
hear	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
Agrippa	O
and	O
Bernice	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
meeting	O
with	O
great	O
show	O
,	O
acting	O
like	O
very	O
important	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
entered	O
the	O
room	O
with	O
military	O
leaders	O
and	O
important	O
men	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


Festus	O
ordered	O
the	O
soldiers	O
to	O
bring	O
Paul	O
in	O
.	O


Festus	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
King	O
Agrippa	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
gathered	O
here	O
with	O
us	O
,	O
you	O
see	O
this	O
man	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
Jewish	O
people	O
,	O
here	O
and	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
,	O
have	O
complained	O
to	O
me	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
complain	O
about	O
him	O
,	O
they	O
shout	O
that	O
he	O
should	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
judged	O
him	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
find	O
him	O
guilty	O
of	O
any	O
crime	O
worthy	O
of	O
death	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
asked	O
to	O
be	O
judged	O
by	O
Caesar	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
decided	O
to	O
send	O
him	O
to	O
Rome	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
know	O
what	O
to	O
tell	O
Caesar	O
that	O
this	O
man	O
has	O
done	O
wrong	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
have	O
brought	O
him	O
before	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
--	O
especially	O
you	O
,	O
King	O
Agrippa	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
question	O
him	O
and	O
give	O
me	O
something	O
to	O
write	O
to	O
Caesar	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
foolish	O
to	O
send	O
a	O
prisoner	O
to	O
Caesar	O
without	O
making	O
some	O
charges	O
against	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


Agrippa	O
said	O
to	O
Paul	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
may	O
now	O
speak	O
to	O
defend	O
yourself	O
.	O
''	O


Paul	O
raised	O
his	O
hand	O
to	O
get	O
their	O
attention	O
and	O
began	O
to	O
speak	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
King	O
Agrippa	O
,	O
I	O
feel	O
fortunate	O
that	O
I	O
can	O
stand	O
here	O
before	O
you	O
today	O
and	O
answer	O
all	O
the	O
charges	O
these	O
Jews	O
have	O
made	O
against	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
very	O
happy	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
so	O
much	O
about	O
all	O
the	O
Jewish	O
customs	O
and	O
the	O
things	O
the	O
Jews	O
argue	O
about	O
.	O


Please	O
listen	O
to	O
me	O
patiently	O
.	O


``	O
All	O
the	O
Jews	O
know	O
about	O
my	O
whole	O
life	O
.	O


They	O
know	O
the	O
way	O
I	O
lived	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
in	O
my	O
own	O
country	O
and	O
later	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


These	O
Jews	O
have	O
known	O
me	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
Pharisee	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Pharisees	O
obey	O
the	O
laws	O
of	O
the	O
Jewish	O
religion	O
more	O
carefully	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
group	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
am	O
on	O
trial	O
because	O
I	O
hope	O
for	O
the	O
promise	O
that	O
God	O
made	O
to	O
our	O
fathers	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
promise	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
twelve	O
tribes	O
of	O
our	O
people	O
hope	O
to	O
receive	O
.	O


For	O
this	O
hope	O
the	O
Jews	O
serve	O
God	O
day	O
and	O
night	O
.	O


My	O
king	O
,	O
the	O
Jews	O
have	O
accused	O
me	O
because	O
I	O
hope	O
for	O
this	O
same	O
promise	O
.	O


Why	O
do	O
you	O
people	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
impossible	O
for	O
God	O
to	O
raise	O
people	O
from	O
death	O
?	O


``	O
I	O
used	O
to	O
think	O
that	O
I	O
should	O
do	O
everything	O
I	O
could	O
against	O
Jesus	O
from	O
Nazareth	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
did	O
,	O
beginning	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


The	O
leading	O
priests	O
gave	O
me	O
the	O
authority	O
to	O
put	O
many	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
in	O
jail	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
they	O
were	O
being	O
killed	O
,	O
I	O
agreed	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
thing	O
.	O


I	O
visited	O
all	O
the	O
synagogues	O
and	O
punished	O
them	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
curse	O
Jesus	O
.	O


My	O
anger	O
against	O
these	O
people	O
was	O
so	O
strong	O
that	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
other	O
cities	O
to	O
find	O
them	O
and	O
punish	O
them	O
.	O


``	O
One	O
time	O
the	O
leading	O
priests	O
gave	O
me	O
permission	O
and	O
the	O
authority	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Damascus	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
way	O
there	O
,	O
at	O
noon	O
,	O
I	O
saw	O
a	O
light	O
from	O
heaven	O
,	O
brighter	O
than	O
the	O
sun	O
.	O


It	O
shined	O
all	O
around	O
me	O
and	O
those	O
traveling	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


We	O
all	O
fell	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
heard	O
a	O
voice	O
talking	O
to	O
me	O
in	O
Aramaic	O
.	O


The	O
voice	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Saul	O
,	O
Saul	O
,	O
why	O
are	O
you	O
persecuting	O
me	O
?	O


You	O
are	O
only	O
hurting	O
yourself	O
by	O
fighting	O
me	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
I	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Who	O
are	O
you	O
,	O
Lord	O
?	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
Lord	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
am	O
Jesus	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
one	O
you	O
are	O
persecuting	O
.	O


Stand	O
up	O
!	O


I	O
have	O
chosen	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
my	O
servant	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
tell	O
people	O
about	O
me	O
--	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
seen	O
today	O
and	O
what	O
I	O
will	O
show	O
you	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
keep	O
you	O
safe	O
from	O
your	O
own	O
people	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
,	O
the	O
ones	O
I	O
am	O
sending	O
you	O
to	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
make	O
them	O
able	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
turn	O
away	O
from	O
darkness	O
to	O
the	O
light	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
turn	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
Satan	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
turn	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Then	O
their	O
sins	O
can	O
be	O
forgiven	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
given	O
a	O
place	O
among	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
--	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
holy	O
by	O
believing	O
in	O
me	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Paul	O
continued	O
speaking	O
:	O
``	O
King	O
Agrippa	O
,	O
after	O
I	O
had	O
this	O
vision	O
from	O
heaven	O
,	O
I	O
obeyed	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
began	O
telling	O
people	O
to	O
change	O
their	O
hearts	O
and	O
lives	O
and	O
turn	O
back	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
would	O
show	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
really	O
changed	O
.	O


I	O
went	O
first	O
to	O
people	O
in	O
Damascus	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
and	O
to	O
every	O
part	O
of	O
Judea	O
and	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
there	O
.	O


I	O
also	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
why	O
the	O
Jews	O
grabbed	O
me	O
and	O
were	O
trying	O
to	O
kill	O
me	O
at	O
the	O
Temple	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
helped	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
still	O
helping	O
me	O
today	O
.	O


With	O
God	O
's	O
help	O
I	O
am	O
standing	O
here	O
today	O
and	O
telling	O
all	O
people	O
what	O
I	O
have	O
seen	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
am	O
saying	O
nothing	O
new	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
saying	O
only	O
what	O
Moses	O
and	O
the	O
prophets	O
said	O
would	O
happen	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
Christ	O
would	O
die	O
and	O
be	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
rise	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
bring	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
saving	O
truth	O
to	O
the	O
Jewish	O
people	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
Paul	O
was	O
still	O
defending	O
himself	O
,	O
Festus	O
shouted	O
,	O
``	O
Paul	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
mind	O
!	O


Too	O
much	O
study	O
has	O
made	O
you	O
crazy	O
.	O
''	O


Paul	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Most	O
Honorable	O
Festus	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
crazy	O
.	O


What	O
I	O
am	O
saying	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


It	O
all	O
makes	O
perfect	O
sense	O
.	O


King	O
Agrippa	O
knows	O
about	O
all	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
can	O
speak	O
freely	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
heard	O
about	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
happened	O
where	O
everyone	O
could	O
see	O
them	O
.	O


King	O
Agrippa	O
,	O
do	O
you	O
believe	O
what	O
the	O
prophets	O
wrote	O
?	O


I	O
know	O
you	O
believe	O
!	O
''	O


King	O
Agrippa	O
said	O
to	O
Paul	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
can	O
persuade	O
me	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
'	O
Christ	O
-	O
follower	O
'	O
so	O
easily	O
?	O
''	O


Paul	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
easy	O
or	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
hard	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
to	O
God	O
that	O
not	O
only	O
you	O
but	O
that	O
everyone	O
listening	O
to	O
me	O
today	O
could	O
be	O
saved	O
and	O
be	O
just	O
like	O
me	O
--	O
except	O
for	O
these	O
chains	O
I	O
have	O
!	O
''	O


King	O
Agrippa	O
,	O
Governor	O
Festus	O
,	O
Bernice	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
sitting	O
with	O
them	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
left	O
the	O
room	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
talking	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
man	O
has	O
done	O
nothing	O
worthy	O
of	O
being	O
put	O
to	O
death	O
or	O
even	O
put	O
in	O
jail	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
Agrippa	O
said	O
to	O
Festus	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
could	O
let	O
him	O
go	O
free	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
has	O
asked	O
to	O
see	O
Caesar	O
.	O
''	O


It	O
was	O
decided	O
that	O
we	O
would	O
sail	O
for	O
Italy	O
.	O


An	O
army	O
officer	O
named	O
Julius	O
,	O
who	O
served	O
in	O
the	O
emperor	O
's	O
special	O
army	O
,	O
was	O
put	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
guarding	O
Paul	O
and	O
some	O
other	O
prisoners	O
on	O
the	O
trip	O
.	O


We	O
got	O
on	O
a	O
ship	O
from	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Adramyttium	O
that	O
was	O
ready	O
to	O
sail	O
to	O
different	O
places	O
in	O
Asia	O
.	O


Aristarchus	O
,	O
a	O
man	O
from	O
Thessalonica	O
in	O
Macedonia	O
,	O
went	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
we	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Sidon	O
.	O


Julius	O
was	O
very	O
good	O
to	O
Paul	O
and	O
gave	O
him	O
freedom	O
to	O
go	O
visit	O
his	O
friends	O
there	O
,	O
who	O
gave	O
him	O
whatever	O
he	O
needed	O
.	O


We	O
left	O
that	O
city	O
and	O
sailed	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
Cyprus	O
because	O
the	O
wind	O
was	O
blowing	O
against	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
went	O
across	O
the	O
sea	O
by	O
Cilicia	O
and	O
Pamphylia	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Myra	O
in	O
Lycia	O
.	O


There	O
the	O
army	O
officer	O
found	O
a	O
ship	O
from	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Alexandria	O
that	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
Italy	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
put	O
us	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


We	O
sailed	O
slowly	O
for	O
many	O
days	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
hard	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
reach	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Cnidus	O
because	O
the	O
wind	O
was	O
blowing	O
against	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
could	O
not	O
go	O
any	O
farther	O
that	O
way	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
sailed	O
by	O
the	O
south	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
Crete	O
near	O
Salmone	O
.	O


We	O
sailed	O
along	O
the	O
coast	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
sailing	O
was	O
hard	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
came	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
called	O
Safe	O
Harbors	O
,	O
near	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Lasea	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
lost	O
much	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
now	O
dangerous	O
to	O
sail	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
already	O
after	O
the	O
Jewish	O
day	O
of	O
fasting	O
.	O


So	O
Paul	O
warned	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Men	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
trouble	O
on	O
this	O
trip	O
.	O


The	O
ship	O
,	O
everything	O
in	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
our	O
lives	O
may	O
be	O
lost	O
!	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
captain	O
and	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
ship	O
did	O
not	O
agree	O
with	O
Paul	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
army	O
officer	O
accepted	O
what	O
they	O
said	O
instead	O
of	O
believing	O
Paul	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
that	O
harbor	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
good	O
place	O
for	O
the	O
ship	O
to	O
stay	O
for	O
the	O
winter	O
,	O
so	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
men	O
decided	O
that	O
we	O
should	O
leave	O
there	O
.	O


They	O
hoped	O
we	O
could	O
reach	O
Phoenix	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
ship	O
could	O
stay	O
for	O
the	O
winter	O
.	O


Phoenix	O
,	O
a	O
city	O
on	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
Crete	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
harbor	O
that	O
faced	O
southwest	O
and	O
northwest	O
.	O


Then	O
a	O
good	O
wind	O
began	O
to	O
blow	O
from	O
the	O
south	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
on	O
the	O
ship	O
thought	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
wind	O
we	O
wanted	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
we	O
have	O
it	O
!	O
''	O


So	O
they	O
pulled	O
up	O
the	O
anchor	O
.	O


We	O
sailed	O
very	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
Crete	O
.	O


But	O
then	O
a	O
very	O
strong	O
wind	O
called	O
the	O
``	O
Northeaster	O
''	O
came	O
from	O
across	O
the	O
island	O
.	O


This	O
wind	O
took	O
the	O
ship	O
and	O
carried	O
it	O
away	O
.	O


The	O
ship	O
could	O
not	O
sail	O
against	O
the	O
wind	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
stopped	O
trying	O
and	O
let	O
the	O
wind	O
blow	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
went	O
below	O
a	O
small	O
island	O
named	O
Cauda	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
island	O
protecting	O
us	O
from	O
the	O
wind	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
bring	O
in	O
the	O
lifeboat	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
very	O
hard	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
men	O
brought	O
the	O
lifeboat	O
in	O
,	O
they	O
tied	O
ropes	O
around	O
the	O
ship	O
to	O
hold	O
it	O
together	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
were	O
afraid	O
that	O
the	O
ship	O
would	O
hit	O
the	O
sandbanks	O
of	O
Syrtis	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
lowered	O
the	O
sail	O
and	O
let	O
the	O
wind	O
carry	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
the	O
storm	O
was	O
blowing	O
against	O
us	O
so	O
hard	O
that	O
the	O
men	O
threw	O
some	O
things	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O


A	O
day	O
later	O
they	O
threw	O
out	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
equipment	O
.	O


For	O
many	O
days	O
we	O
could	O
not	O
see	O
the	O
sun	O
or	O
the	O
stars	O
.	O


The	O
storm	O
was	O
very	O
bad	O
.	O


We	O
lost	O
all	O
hope	O
of	O
staying	O
alive	O
--	O
we	O
thought	O
we	O
would	O
die	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
did	O
not	O
eat	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


Then	O
one	O
day	O
Paul	O
stood	O
up	O
before	O
them	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Men	O
,	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
not	O
to	O
leave	O
Crete	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
have	O
listened	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
all	O
this	O
trouble	O
and	O
loss	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
happy	O
.	O


None	O
of	O
you	O
will	O
die	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
ship	O
will	O
be	O
lost	O
.	O


Last	O
night	O
an	O
angel	O
came	O
to	O
me	O
from	O
God	O
--	O
the	O
God	O
I	O
worship	O
and	O
belong	O
to	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Paul	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
!	O


You	O
must	O
stand	O
before	O
Caesar	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
has	O
given	O
you	O
this	O
promise	O
:	O
He	O
will	O
save	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
all	O
those	O
sailing	O
with	O
you	O
.	O
'	O


So	O
men	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
nothing	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
.	O


I	O
trust	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
sure	O
everything	O
will	O
happen	O
just	O
as	O
his	O
angel	O
told	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
will	O
crash	O
on	O
an	O
island	O
.	O
''	O


On	O
the	O
fourteenth	O
night	O
we	O
were	O
still	O
being	O
blown	O
around	O
in	O
the	O
Adriatic	O
Sea	O
.	O


The	O
sailors	O
thought	O
we	O
were	O
close	O
to	O
land	O
.	O


They	O
threw	O
a	O
rope	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
with	O
a	O
weight	O
on	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


They	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
water	O
was	O
120	O
feet	O
deep	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
a	O
little	O
farther	O
and	O
threw	O
the	O
rope	O
in	O
again	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
90	O
feet	O
deep	O
.	O


The	O
sailors	O
were	O
afraid	O
that	O
we	O
would	O
hit	O
the	O
rocks	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
threw	O
four	O
anchors	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
prayed	O
for	O
daylight	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
sailors	O
wanted	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
ship	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
lowered	O
the	O
lifeboat	O
to	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
the	O
other	O
men	O
to	O
think	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
throwing	O
more	O
anchors	O
from	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O


But	O
Paul	O
told	O
the	O
army	O
officer	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
soldiers	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
these	O
men	O
do	O
not	O
stay	O
in	O
the	O
ship	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
lose	O
all	O
hope	O
of	O
survival	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
soldiers	O
cut	O
the	O
ropes	O
and	O
let	O
the	O
lifeboat	O
fall	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


Just	O
before	O
dawn	O
Paul	O
began	O
persuading	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
eat	O
something	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
For	O
the	O
past	O
two	O
weeks	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
waiting	O
and	O
watching	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
not	O
eaten	O
for	O
14	O
days	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
beg	O
you	O
to	O
eat	O
something	O
.	O


You	O
need	O
it	O
to	O
stay	O
alive	O
.	O


None	O
of	O
you	O
will	O
lose	O
even	O
one	O
hair	O
off	O
your	O
heads	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
he	O
said	O
this	O
,	O
Paul	O
took	O
some	O
bread	O
and	O
thanked	O
God	O
for	O
it	O
before	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
broke	O
off	O
a	O
piece	O
and	O
began	O
eating	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
men	O
felt	O
better	O
and	O
started	O
eating	O
too	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
There	O
were	O
276	O
people	O
on	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


We	O
ate	O
all	O
we	O
wanted	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
began	O
making	O
the	O
ship	O
lighter	O
by	O
throwing	O
the	O
grain	O
into	O
the	O
sea	O
.	O


When	O
daylight	O
came	O
,	O
the	O
sailors	O
saw	O
land	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
what	O
land	O
it	O
was	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
a	O
bay	O
with	O
a	O
beach	O
and	O
wanted	O
to	O
sail	O
the	O
ship	O
to	O
the	O
beach	O
if	O
they	O
could	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
cut	O
the	O
ropes	O
to	O
the	O
anchors	O
and	O
left	O
the	O
anchors	O
in	O
the	O
sea	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
they	O
untied	O
the	O
ropes	O
that	O
were	O
holding	O
the	O
rudders	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
raised	O
the	O
front	O
sail	O
into	O
the	O
wind	O
and	O
sailed	O
toward	O
the	O
beach	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
ship	O
hit	O
a	O
sandbank	O
.	O


The	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
ship	O
stuck	O
there	O
and	O
could	O
not	O
move	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
big	O
waves	O
began	O
to	O
break	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
the	O
ship	O
to	O
pieces	O
.	O


The	O
soldiers	O
decided	O
to	O
kill	O
the	O
prisoners	O
so	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
prisoners	O
could	O
swim	O
away	O
and	O
escape	O
.	O


But	O
Julius	O
the	O
army	O
officer	O
wanted	O
to	O
let	O
Paul	O
live	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
allow	O
the	O
soldiers	O
to	O
kill	O
the	O
prisoners	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
could	O
swim	O
to	O
jump	O
into	O
the	O
water	O
and	O
swim	O
to	O
land	O
.	O


The	O
others	O
used	O
wooden	O
boards	O
or	O
pieces	O
of	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
how	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
went	O
safely	O
to	O
land	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
were	O
safe	O
on	O
land	O
,	O
we	O
learned	O
that	O
the	O
island	O
was	O
called	O
Malta	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
who	O
lived	O
there	O
were	O
very	O
good	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
raining	O
and	O
very	O
cold	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
built	O
a	O
fire	O
and	O
welcomed	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
.	O


Paul	O
gathered	O
a	O
pile	O
of	O
sticks	O
for	O
the	O
fire	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
putting	O
the	O
sticks	O
on	O
the	O
fire	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
poisonous	O
snake	O
came	O
out	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
heat	O
and	O
bit	O
him	O
on	O
the	O
hand	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
people	O
living	O
on	O
the	O
island	O
saw	O
the	O
snake	O
hanging	O
from	O
his	O
hand	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
man	O
must	O
be	O
a	O
murderer	O
!	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
die	O
in	O
the	O
sea	O
,	O
but	O
Justice	O
does	O
not	O
want	O
him	O
to	O
live	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Paul	O
shook	O
the	O
snake	O
off	O
into	O
the	O
fire	O
and	O
was	O
not	O
hurt	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
thought	O
he	O
would	O
swell	O
up	O
or	O
fall	O
down	O
dead	O
.	O


They	O
waited	O
and	O
watched	O
him	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
but	O
nothing	O
bad	O
happened	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
changed	O
their	O
opinion	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
is	O
a	O
god	O
!	O
''	O


There	O
were	O
some	O
fields	O
around	O
that	O
same	O
area	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
owned	O
by	O
a	O
man	O
named	O
Publius	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
Roman	O
official	O
on	O
the	O
island	O
.	O


He	O
welcomed	O
us	O
into	O
his	O
home	O
and	O
was	O
very	O
good	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
stayed	O
in	O
his	O
house	O
for	O
three	O
days	O
.	O


Publius	O
'	O
father	O
was	O
very	O
sick	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
a	O
fever	O
and	O
dysentery	O
,	O
but	O
Paul	O
went	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
prayed	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
laid	O
his	O
hands	O
on	O
the	O
man	O
and	O
healed	O
him	O
.	O


After	O
this	O
happened	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
sick	O
people	O
on	O
the	O
island	O
came	O
to	O
Paul	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
healed	O
them	O
too	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
on	O
the	O
island	O
gave	O
us	O
many	O
honors	O
.	O


And	O
after	O
we	O
had	O
been	O
there	O
three	O
months	O
and	O
were	O
ready	O
to	O
leave	O
,	O
they	O
provided	O
us	O
everything	O
we	O
needed	O
for	O
our	O
trip	O
.	O


We	O
got	O
on	O
a	O
ship	O
from	O
Alexandria	O
that	O
had	O
stayed	O
on	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
Malta	O
during	O
the	O
winter	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
ship	O
was	O
the	O
sign	O
for	O
the	O
twin	O
gods	O
.	O


We	O
stopped	O
at	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Syracuse	O
.	O


We	O
stayed	O
there	O
three	O
days	O
and	O
then	O
left	O
.	O


We	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Rhegium	O
.	O


The	O
next	O
day	O
a	O
wind	O
began	O
to	O
blow	O
from	O
the	O
southwest	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
leave	O
.	O


A	O
day	O
later	O
we	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Puteoli	O
.	O


We	O
found	O
some	O
believers	O
there	O
,	O
who	O
asked	O
us	O
to	O
stay	O
with	O
them	O
a	O
week	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
we	O
came	O
to	O
Rome	O
.	O


The	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
in	O
Rome	O
heard	O
about	O
us	O
and	O
came	O
out	O
to	O
meet	O
us	O
at	O
the	O
Market	O
of	O
Appius	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
Three	O
Inns	O
.	O


When	O
Paul	O
saw	O
these	O
believers	O
,	O
he	O
thanked	O
God	O
and	O
felt	O
encouraged	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
came	O
to	O
Rome	O
,	O
Paul	O
was	O
allowed	O
to	O
live	O
alone	O
.	O


But	O
a	O
soldier	O
stayed	O
with	O
him	O
to	O
guard	O
him	O
.	O


Three	O
days	O
later	O
Paul	O
sent	O
for	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
Jews	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
came	O
together	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
brothers	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
done	O
nothing	O
against	O
our	O
people	O
or	O
against	O
the	O
customs	O
of	O
our	O
fathers	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
was	O
arrested	O
in	O
Jerusalem	O
and	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
Romans	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
me	O
many	O
questions	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
find	O
any	O
reason	O
why	O
I	O
should	O
be	O
put	O
to	O
death	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
let	O
me	O
go	O
free	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Jews	O
there	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
that	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
ask	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
Rome	O
to	O
have	O
my	O
trial	O
before	O
Caesar	O
.	O


That	O
does	O
n't	O
mean	O
I	O
am	O
accusing	O
my	O
people	O
of	O
doing	O
anything	O
wrong	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
and	O
talk	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
bound	O
with	O
this	O
chain	O
because	O
I	O
believe	O
in	O
the	O
hope	O
of	O
Israel	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Jews	O
answered	O
Paul	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
have	O
received	O
no	O
letters	O
from	O
Judea	O
about	O
you	O
.	O


None	O
of	O
our	O
Jewish	O
brothers	O
who	O
have	O
traveled	O
from	O
there	O
brought	O
news	O
about	O
you	O
or	O
told	O
us	O
anything	O
bad	O
about	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
to	O
hear	O
your	O
ideas	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
people	O
everywhere	O
are	O
speaking	O
against	O
this	O
new	O
group	O
.	O
''	O


Paul	O
and	O
the	O
Jews	O
chose	O
a	O
day	O
for	O
a	O
meeting	O
.	O


On	O
that	O
day	O
many	O
more	O
of	O
these	O
Jews	O
met	O
with	O
Paul	O
at	O
his	O
house	O
.	O


He	O
spoke	O
to	O
them	O
all	O
day	O
long	O
,	O
explaining	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
used	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
and	O
the	O
writings	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
to	O
persuade	O
them	O
to	O
believe	O
in	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
believed	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
but	O
others	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
an	O
argument	O
among	O
themselves	O
and	O
were	O
ready	O
to	O
leave	O
.	O


But	O
Paul	O
said	O
one	O
more	O
thing	O
to	O
them	O
:	O
``	O
The	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
spoke	O
the	O
truth	O
to	O
your	O
fathers	O
through	O
Isaiah	O
the	O
prophet	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Go	O
to	O
this	O
people	O
and	O
tell	O
them	O
:	O
You	O
will	O
listen	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
hear	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
understand	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
look	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
understand	O
what	O
you	O
see	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
the	O
minds	O
of	O
these	O
people	O
are	O
now	O
closed	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
ears	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
listen	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
eyes	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
refuse	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


If	O
their	O
minds	O
were	O
not	O
closed	O
,	O
they	O
might	O
see	O
with	O
their	O
eyes	O
;	O
they	O
might	O
hear	O
with	O
their	O
ears	O
;	O
they	O
might	O
understand	O
with	O
their	O
minds	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
might	O
turn	O
back	O
to	O
me	O
and	O
be	O
healed	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
Jews	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
God	O
has	O
sent	O
his	O
salvation	O
to	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
listen	O
!	O
''	O


Paul	O
stayed	O
two	O
full	O
years	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
rented	O
house	O
.	O


He	O
welcomed	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
came	O
and	O
visited	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
them	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
and	O
taught	O
them	O
about	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
very	O
bold	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
one	O
tried	O
to	O
stop	O
him	O
from	O
speaking	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Paul	O
,	O
a	O
servant	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


God	O
chose	O
me	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
apostle	O
and	O
gave	O
me	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
telling	O
his	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


God	O
promised	O
long	O
ago	O
through	O
his	O
prophets	O
in	O
the	O
Holy	O
Scriptures	O
to	O
give	O
this	O
Good	O
News	O
to	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
Good	O
News	O
is	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
Son	O
,	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
our	O
Lord	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
human	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
born	O
from	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
David	O
,	O
but	O
through	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
he	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
God	O
's	O
powerful	O
Son	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


Through	O
Christ	O
,	O
God	O
gave	O
me	O
the	O
special	O
work	O
of	O
an	O
apostle	O
--	O
to	O
lead	O
people	O
of	O
all	O
nations	O
to	O
believe	O
and	O
obey	O
him	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
all	O
this	O
to	O
honor	O
Christ	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
some	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
chosen	O
to	O
belong	O
to	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


This	O
letter	O
is	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
in	O
Rome	O
.	O


God	O
loves	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
has	O
chosen	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
holy	O
people	O
.	O


Grace	O
and	O
peace	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
God	O
our	O
Father	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


First	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
I	O
thank	O
my	O
God	O
through	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
thank	O
him	O
because	O
people	O
everywhere	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
are	O
talking	O
about	O
your	O
great	O
faith	O
.	O


Every	O
time	O
I	O
pray	O
,	O
I	O
always	O
remember	O
you	O
.	O


God	O
knows	O
this	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
I	O
serve	O
with	O
all	O
my	O
heart	O
by	O
telling	O
people	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
his	O
Son	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
happen	O
if	O
God	O
wants	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
and	O
give	O
you	O
some	O
spiritual	O
gift	O
to	O
make	O
your	O
faith	O
stronger	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
that	O
I	O
want	O
us	O
to	O
help	O
each	O
other	O
with	O
the	O
faith	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
.	O


Your	O
faith	O
will	O
help	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
my	O
faith	O
will	O
help	O
you	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
planned	O
many	O
times	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
something	O
always	O
happens	O
to	O
change	O
my	O
plans	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
same	O
good	O
result	O
among	O
you	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
had	O
from	O
my	O
work	O
among	O
the	O
other	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
must	O
serve	O
all	O
people	O
--	O
those	O
who	O
share	O
in	O
Greek	O
culture	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
less	O
civilized	O
,	O
the	O
educated	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
ignorant	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
want	O
so	O
much	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
to	O
you	O
there	O
in	O
Rome	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
proud	O
of	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
power	O
God	O
uses	O
to	O
save	O
everyone	O
who	O
believes	O
--	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
Jews	O
first	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
to	O
save	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
.	O


The	O
Good	O
News	O
shows	O
how	O
God	O
makes	O
people	O
right	O
with	O
himself	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
way	O
of	O
making	O
people	O
right	O
begins	O
and	O
ends	O
with	O
faith	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
by	O
faith	O
will	O
live	O
forever	O
.	O
''	O


God	O
shows	O
his	O
anger	O
from	O
heaven	O
against	O
all	O
the	O
evil	O
and	O
wrong	O
things	O
that	O
people	O
do	O
.	O


Their	O
evil	O
lives	O
hide	O
the	O
truth	O
they	O
have	O
.	O


This	O
makes	O
God	O
angry	O
because	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
what	O
he	O
is	O
like	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
God	O
has	O
made	O
it	O
clear	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
things	O
about	O
God	O
that	O
people	O
can	O
not	O
see	O
--	O
his	O
eternal	O
power	O
and	O
all	O
that	O
makes	O
him	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
those	O
things	O
have	O
been	O
easy	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
understand	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
made	O
clear	O
in	O
what	O
God	O
has	O
made	O
.	O


So	O
people	O
have	O
no	O
excuse	O
for	O
the	O
evil	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


People	O
knew	O
God	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
honor	O
him	O
as	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
thank	O
him	O
.	O


Their	O
ideas	O
were	O
all	O
useless	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
not	O
one	O
good	O
thought	O
left	O
in	O
their	O
foolish	O
minds	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
they	O
were	O
wise	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
became	O
fools	O
.	O


Instead	O
of	O
honoring	O
the	O
divine	O
greatness	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
who	O
lives	O
forever	O
,	O
they	O
traded	O
it	O
for	O
the	O
worship	O
of	O
idols	O
--	O
things	O
made	O
to	O
look	O
like	O
humans	O
,	O
who	O
get	O
sick	O
and	O
die	O
,	O
or	O
like	O
birds	O
,	O
animals	O
,	O
and	O
snakes	O
.	O


People	O
wanted	O
only	O
to	O
do	O
evil	O
.	O


So	O
God	O
left	O
them	O
and	O
let	O
them	O
go	O
their	O
sinful	O
way	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
they	O
became	O
completely	O
immoral	O
and	O
used	O
their	O
bodies	O
in	O
shameful	O
ways	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


They	O
traded	O
the	O
truth	O
of	O
God	O
for	O
a	O
lie	O
.	O


They	O
bowed	O
down	O
and	O
worshiped	O
the	O
things	O
God	O
made	O
instead	O
of	O
worshiping	O
the	O
God	O
who	O
made	O
those	O
things	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
should	O
be	O
praised	O
forever	O
.	O


Amen	O
.	O


Because	O
people	O
did	O
those	O
things	O
,	O
God	O
left	O
them	O
and	O
let	O
them	O
do	O
the	O
shameful	O
things	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Women	O
stopped	O
having	O
natural	O
sex	O
with	O
men	O
and	O
started	O
having	O
sex	O
with	O
other	O
women	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
men	O
stopped	O
having	O
natural	O
sex	O
with	O
women	O
and	O
began	O
wanting	O
each	O
other	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


Men	O
did	O
shameful	O
things	O
with	O
other	O
men	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
their	O
bodies	O
they	O
received	O
the	O
punishment	O
for	O
those	O
wrongs	O
.	O


People	O
did	O
not	O
think	O
it	O
was	O
important	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
true	O
knowledge	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
God	O
left	O
them	O
and	O
allowed	O
them	O
to	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
worthless	O
thinking	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
they	O
do	O
what	O
they	O
should	O
not	O
do	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
filled	O
with	O
every	O
kind	O
of	O
sin	O
,	O
evil	O
,	O
greed	O
,	O
and	O
hatred	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
jealousy	O
,	O
murder	O
,	O
fighting	O
,	O
lying	O
,	O
and	O
thinking	O
the	O
worst	O
things	O
about	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


They	O
gossip	O
and	O
say	O
evil	O
things	O
about	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


They	O
hate	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
rude	O
,	O
proud	O
,	O
and	O
brag	O
about	O
themselves	O
.	O


They	O
invent	O
ways	O
of	O
doing	O
evil	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
obey	O
their	O
parents	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
foolish	O
,	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
keep	O
their	O
promises	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
show	O
no	O
kindness	O
or	O
mercy	O
to	O
others	O
.	O


They	O
know	O
God	O
's	O
law	O
says	O
that	O
anyone	O
who	O
lives	O
like	O
that	O
should	O
die	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
not	O
only	O
continue	O
to	O
do	O
these	O
things	O
themselves	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
also	O
encourage	O
others	O
who	O
do	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
judge	O
those	O
other	O
people	O
?	O


You	O
are	O
wrong	O
.	O


You	O
too	O
are	O
guilty	O
of	O
sin	O
.	O


You	O
judge	O
them	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
do	O
the	O
same	O
things	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
you	O
judge	O
them	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
really	O
condemning	O
yourself	O
.	O


God	O
judges	O
all	O
who	O
do	O
such	O
things	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
know	O
his	O
judgment	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


And	O
since	O
you	O
do	O
the	O
same	O
things	O
as	O
those	O
people	O
you	O
judge	O
,	O
surely	O
you	O
understand	O
that	O
God	O
will	O
punish	O
you	O
too	O
.	O


How	O
could	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
escape	O
his	O
judgment	O
?	O


God	O
has	O
been	O
kind	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
been	O
very	O
patient	O
,	O
waiting	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
think	O
nothing	O
of	O
his	O
kindness	O
.	O


Maybe	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
that	O
God	O
is	O
kind	O
to	O
you	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
decide	O
to	O
change	O
your	O
lives	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
are	O
so	O
stubborn	O
!	O


You	O
refuse	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
are	O
making	O
your	O
own	O
punishment	O
greater	O
and	O
greater	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
punished	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
God	O
will	O
show	O
his	O
anger	O
.	O


On	O
that	O
day	O
everyone	O
will	O
see	O
how	O
right	O
God	O
is	O
to	O
judge	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
reward	O
or	O
punish	O
everyone	O
for	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
live	O
for	O
God	O
's	O
glory	O
,	O
for	O
honor	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
life	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
destroyed	O
.	O


They	O
live	O
for	O
those	O
things	O
by	O
always	O
continuing	O
to	O
do	O
good	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
give	O
eternal	O
life	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
others	O
are	O
selfish	O
and	O
refuse	O
to	O
follow	O
truth	O
.	O


They	O
follow	O
evil	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
show	O
his	O
anger	O
and	O
punish	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
give	O
trouble	O
and	O
suffering	O
to	O
everyone	O
who	O
does	O
evil	O
--	O
to	O
the	O
Jews	O
first	O
and	O
also	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
will	O
give	O
glory	O
,	O
honor	O
,	O
and	O
peace	O
to	O
everyone	O
who	O
does	O
good	O
--	O
to	O
the	O
Jews	O
first	O
and	O
also	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
.	O


God	O
judges	O
everyone	O
the	O
same	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
who	O
they	O
are	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
have	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
never	O
heard	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
are	O
all	O
the	O
same	O
when	O
they	O
sin	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
are	O
sinners	O
will	O
be	O
lost	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
are	O
sinners	O
will	O
be	O
judged	O
by	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


Hearing	O
the	O
law	O
does	O
not	O
make	O
people	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
right	O
before	O
him	O
only	O
if	O
they	O
always	O
do	O
what	O
the	O
law	O
says	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
they	O
naturally	O
do	O
what	O
the	O
law	O
commands	O
without	O
even	O
knowing	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
then	O
they	O
are	O
their	O
own	O
law	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
true	O
even	O
though	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
written	O
law	O
.	O


They	O
show	O
that	O
in	O
their	O
hearts	O
they	O
know	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
and	O
wrong	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
law	O
commands	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
consciences	O
agree	O
.	O


Sometimes	O
their	O
thoughts	O
tell	O
them	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
wrong	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
makes	O
them	O
guilty	O
.	O


And	O
sometimes	O
their	O
thoughts	O
tell	O
them	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
right	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
makes	O
them	O
not	O
guilty	O
.	O


All	O
this	O
will	O
happen	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
God	O
will	O
judge	O
people	O
's	O
secret	O
thoughts	O
through	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
that	O
I	O
tell	O
everyone	O
.	O


What	O
about	O
you	O
?	O


You	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
Jew	O
.	O


You	O
trust	O
in	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
proudly	O
claim	O
to	O
be	O
close	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
is	O
important	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
learned	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


You	O
think	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
guide	O
for	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
,	O
a	O
light	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
dark	O
.	O


You	O
think	O
you	O
can	O
show	O
foolish	O
people	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
teacher	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
just	O
beginning	O
to	O
learn	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
know	O
everything	O
and	O
have	O
all	O
truth	O
.	O


You	O
teach	O
others	O
,	O
so	O
why	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
teach	O
yourself	O
?	O


You	O
tell	O
them	O
not	O
to	O
steal	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
yourself	O
steal	O
.	O


You	O
say	O
they	O
must	O
not	O
commit	O
adultery	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
yourself	O
are	O
guilty	O
of	O
that	O
sin	O
.	O


You	O
hate	O
idols	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
steal	O
them	O
from	O
their	O
temples	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
so	O
proud	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
God	O
's	O
law	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
bring	O
shame	O
to	O
God	O
by	O
breaking	O
his	O
law	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
People	O
in	O
other	O
nations	O
insult	O
God	O
because	O
of	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


If	O
you	O
follow	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
then	O
your	O
circumcision	O
has	O
meaning	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
break	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
is	O
as	O
if	O
you	O
were	O
never	O
circumcised	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
are	O
not	O
circumcised	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
they	O
do	O
what	O
the	O
law	O
says	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
as	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
circumcised	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
the	O
written	O
law	O
and	O
circumcision	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
break	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


So	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
circumcised	O
in	O
their	O
bodies	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
obey	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
will	O
show	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
guilty	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
not	O
a	O
true	O
Jew	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
only	O
a	O
Jew	O
in	O
your	O
physical	O
body	O
.	O


True	O
circumcision	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
on	O
the	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
.	O


A	O
true	O
Jew	O
is	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
a	O
Jew	O
inside	O
.	O


True	O
circumcision	O
is	O
done	O
in	O
the	O
heart	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
done	O
by	O
the	O
Spirit	O
,	O
not	O
by	O
the	O
written	O
law	O
.	O


And	O
anyone	O
who	O
is	O
circumcised	O
in	O
the	O
heart	O
by	O
the	O
Spirit	O
gets	O
praise	O
from	O
God	O
,	O
not	O
from	O
people	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
do	O
Jews	O
have	O
anything	O
that	O
others	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
?	O


Do	O
they	O
get	O
any	O
benefit	O
from	O
being	O
circumcised	O
?	O


Yes	O
,	O
the	O
Jews	O
have	O
many	O
benefits	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
important	O
one	O
is	O
this	O
:	O
God	O
trusted	O
the	O
Jews	O
with	O
his	O
teachings	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
true	O
that	O
some	O
Jews	O
were	O
not	O
faithful	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
will	O
that	O
stop	O
God	O
from	O
doing	O
what	O
he	O
promised	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
everyone	O
else	O
is	O
a	O
liar	O
,	O
God	O
will	O
always	O
do	O
what	O
he	O
says	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
about	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
will	O
be	O
proved	O
right	O
in	O
what	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
win	O
when	O
people	O
accuse	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
we	O
do	O
wrong	O
,	O
that	O
shows	O
more	O
clearly	O
that	O
God	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


So	O
can	O
we	O
say	O
that	O
God	O
does	O
wrong	O
when	O
he	O
punishes	O
us	O
?	O


-LRB-	O
That	O
's	O
the	O
way	O
some	O
people	O
think	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Of	O
course	O
not	O
.	O


If	O
God	O
could	O
not	O
punish	O
us	O
,	O
how	O
could	O
he	O
judge	O
the	O
world	O
?	O


Someone	O
might	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
When	O
I	O
lie	O
,	O
it	O
really	O
gives	O
God	O
glory	O
,	O
because	O
my	O
lie	O
makes	O
his	O
truth	O
easier	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


So	O
why	O
am	O
I	O
judged	O
a	O
sinner	O
?	O
''	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
same	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
should	O
do	O
evil	O
so	O
that	O
good	O
will	O
come	O
.	O
''	O


Many	O
people	O
criticize	O
us	O
,	O
saying	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
we	O
teach	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
wrong	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
condemned	O
for	O
saying	O
that	O
.	O


So	O
are	O
we	O
Jews	O
better	O
than	O
other	O
people	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
already	O
said	O
that	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
Jews	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
,	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
all	O
guilty	O
of	O
sin	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
There	O
is	O
no	O
one	O
doing	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
,	O
not	O
even	O
one	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
one	O
who	O
understands	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
be	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
all	O
turned	O
away	O
from	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
they	O
are	O
of	O
no	O
use	O
to	O
anyone	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
one	O
who	O
does	O
good	O
,	O
not	O
even	O
one	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
Their	O
words	O
come	O
from	O
mouths	O
that	O
are	O
like	O
open	O
graves	O
.	O


They	O
use	O
their	O
lying	O
tongues	O
to	O
deceive	O
others	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
Their	O
words	O
are	O
like	O
the	O
poison	O
of	O
snakes	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
Their	O
mouths	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
cursing	O
and	O
angry	O
words	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
They	O
are	O
always	O
ready	O
to	O
kill	O
someone	O
.	O


Everywhere	O
they	O
go	O
they	O
cause	O
trouble	O
and	O
ruin	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
peace	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
They	O
have	O
no	O
fear	O
or	O
respect	O
for	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


What	O
the	O
law	O
says	O
is	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
under	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


It	O
stops	O
anyone	O
from	O
making	O
excuses	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
brings	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
under	O
God	O
's	O
judgment	O
,	O
because	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
by	O
following	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
only	O
shows	O
us	O
our	O
sin	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
has	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
make	O
people	O
right	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
nothing	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
now	O
shown	O
us	O
that	O
new	O
way	O
,	O
which	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
the	O
prophets	O
told	O
us	O
about	O
.	O


God	O
makes	O
people	O
right	O
through	O
their	O
faith	O
in	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
this	O
for	O
all	O
who	O
believe	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


Everyone	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
.	O


All	O
have	O
sinned	O
and	O
are	O
not	O
good	O
enough	O
to	O
share	O
God	O
's	O
divine	O
greatness	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
by	O
his	O
grace	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
free	O
gift	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
by	O
being	O
made	O
free	O
from	O
sin	O
through	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


God	O
gave	O
Jesus	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
forgive	O
people	O
's	O
sins	O
through	O
their	O
faith	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


God	O
can	O
forgive	O
them	O
because	O
the	O
blood	O
sacrifice	O
of	O
Jesus	O
pays	O
for	O
their	O
sins	O
.	O


God	O
gave	O
Jesus	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
he	O
always	O
does	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
and	O
fair	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
right	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
patient	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
punish	O
people	O
for	O
their	O
sins	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
our	O
own	O
time	O
he	O
still	O
does	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


God	O
worked	O
all	O
this	O
out	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
allows	O
him	O
to	O
judge	O
people	O
fairly	O
and	O
still	O
make	O
right	O
any	O
person	O
who	O
has	O
faith	O
in	O
Jesus	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
we	O
have	O
any	O
reason	O
to	O
boast	O
about	O
ourselves	O
?	O


No	O
reason	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


And	O
why	O
not	O
?	O


Because	O
we	O
are	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
faith	O
,	O
not	O
on	O
what	O
we	O
have	O
done	O
in	O
following	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
we	O
are	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
through	O
faith	O
,	O
not	O
through	O
what	O
we	O
have	O
done	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
we	O
believe	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
only	O
one	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
make	O
Jews	O
right	O
with	O
him	O
by	O
their	O
faith	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
also	O
make	O
non-Jews	O
right	O
with	O
him	O
through	O
their	O
faith	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
we	O
destroy	O
the	O
law	O
by	O
following	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
faith	O
?	O


Not	O
at	O
all	O
!	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
faith	O
causes	O
us	O
to	O
be	O
what	O
the	O
law	O
actually	O
wants	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
can	O
we	O
say	O
about	O
Abraham	O
,	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
our	O
people	O
?	O


What	O
did	O
he	O
learn	O
about	O
faith	O
?	O


If	O
Abraham	O
was	O
made	O
right	O
by	O
the	O
things	O
he	O
did	O
,	O
he	O
had	O
a	O
reason	O
to	O
boast	O
about	O
himself	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
knew	O
different	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Abraham	O
believed	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
because	O
of	O
this	O
he	O
was	O
accepted	O
as	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
people	O
work	O
,	O
their	O
pay	O
is	O
not	O
given	O
to	O
them	O
as	O
a	O
gift	O
.	O


They	O
earn	O
the	O
pay	O
they	O
get	O
.	O


But	O
people	O
can	O
not	O
do	O
any	O
work	O
that	O
will	O
make	O
them	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
must	O
trust	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
accepts	O
their	O
faith	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
makes	O
them	O
right	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
makes	O
even	O
evil	O
people	O
right	O
.	O


David	O
said	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
blessing	O
people	O
have	O
when	O
God	O
accepts	O
them	O
as	O
good	O
without	O
looking	O
at	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
:	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
a	O
great	O
blessing	O
when	O
people	O
are	O
forgiven	O
for	O
the	O
wrongs	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
,	O
when	O
their	O
sins	O
are	O
erased	O
!	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
great	O
blessing	O
when	O
the	O
Lord	O
accepts	O
people	O
as	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
without	O
sin	O
!	O
''	O


Is	O
this	O
blessing	O
only	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
circumcised	O
?	O


Or	O
is	O
it	O
also	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
circumcised	O
?	O


We	O
have	O
already	O
said	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
because	O
of	O
Abraham	O
's	O
faith	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
accepted	O
as	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
did	O
this	O
happen	O
?	O


Did	O
God	O
accept	O
Abraham	O
before	O
or	O
after	O
he	O
was	O
circumcised	O
?	O


God	O
accepted	O
him	O
before	O
his	O
circumcision	O
.	O


Abraham	O
was	O
circumcised	O
later	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
God	O
accepted	O
him	O
.	O


His	O
circumcision	O
was	O
proof	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
through	O
faith	O
before	O
he	O
was	O
circumcised	O
.	O


So	O
Abraham	O
is	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
believe	O
but	O
are	O
not	O
circumcised	O
.	O


They	O
believe	O
and	O
are	O
accepted	O
as	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
Abraham	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
circumcised	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
their	O
circumcision	O
that	O
makes	O
him	O
their	O
father	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
their	O
father	O
only	O
if	O
they	O
live	O
following	O
the	O
faith	O
that	O
our	O
father	O
Abraham	O
had	O
before	O
he	O
was	O
circumcised	O
.	O


Abraham	O
and	O
his	O
descendants	O
received	O
the	O
promise	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
get	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
.	O


But	O
Abraham	O
did	O
not	O
receive	O
that	O
promise	O
because	O
he	O
followed	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


He	O
received	O
that	O
promise	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
through	O
his	O
faith	O
.	O


If	O
people	O
could	O
get	O
God	O
's	O
promise	O
by	O
following	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
then	O
faith	O
is	O
worthless	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
's	O
promise	O
to	O
Abraham	O
is	O
worthless	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
law	O
can	O
only	O
bring	O
God	O
's	O
anger	O
on	O
those	O
who	O
disobey	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
law	O
,	O
then	O
there	O
is	O
nothing	O
to	O
disobey	O
.	O


So	O
people	O
get	O
what	O
God	O
promised	O
by	O
having	O
faith	O
.	O


This	O
happens	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
promise	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
free	O
gift	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
the	O
promise	O
is	O
a	O
free	O
gift	O
,	O
then	O
all	O
of	O
Abraham	O
's	O
people	O
will	O
get	O
that	O
promise	O
.	O


The	O
promise	O
is	O
not	O
just	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
live	O
under	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
for	O
all	O
who	O
live	O
with	O
faith	O
as	O
Abraham	O
did	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
us	O
all	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
have	O
made	O
you	O
a	O
father	O
of	O
many	O
nations	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
is	O
true	O
before	O
God	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
Abraham	O
believed	O
--	O
the	O
God	O
who	O
gives	O
life	O
to	O
the	O
dead	O
and	O
speaks	O
of	O
things	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
yet	O
exist	O
as	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
real	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
no	O
hope	O
that	O
Abraham	O
would	O
have	O
children	O
,	O
but	O
Abraham	O
believed	O
God	O
and	O
continued	O
to	O
hope	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
is	O
why	O
he	O
became	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
many	O
nations	O
.	O


As	O
God	O
told	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
will	O
have	O
many	O
descendants	O
.	O
''	O


Abraham	O
was	O
almost	O
a	O
hundred	O
years	O
old	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
was	O
past	O
the	O
age	O
for	O
having	O
children	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
Sarah	O
could	O
not	O
have	O
children	O
.	O


Abraham	O
was	O
well	O
aware	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
faith	O
in	O
God	O
never	O
became	O
weak	O
.	O


He	O
never	O
doubted	O
that	O
God	O
would	O
do	O
what	O
he	O
promised	O
.	O


He	O
never	O
stopped	O
believing	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
he	O
grew	O
stronger	O
in	O
his	O
faith	O
and	O
just	O
praised	O
God	O
.	O


Abraham	O
felt	O
sure	O
that	O
God	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
he	O
promised	O
.	O


So	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
``	O
he	O
was	O
accepted	O
as	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


These	O
words	O
-LRB-	O
``	O
he	O
was	O
accepted	O
''	O
-RRB-	O
were	O
written	O
not	O
only	O
for	O
Abraham	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
also	O
written	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
also	O
accept	O
us	O
because	O
we	O
believe	O
.	O


We	O
believe	O
in	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
raised	O
Jesus	O
our	O
Lord	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
die	O
for	O
our	O
sins	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
to	O
make	O
us	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
because	O
of	O
our	O
faith	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
have	O
peace	O
with	O
God	O
through	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Through	O
our	O
faith	O
,	O
Christ	O
has	O
brought	O
us	O
into	O
that	O
blessing	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
that	O
we	O
now	O
enjoy	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
are	O
very	O
happy	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
hope	O
we	O
have	O
of	O
sharing	O
God	O
's	O
glory	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
are	O
also	O
happy	O
with	O
the	O
troubles	O
we	O
have	O
.	O


Why	O
are	O
we	O
happy	O
with	O
troubles	O
?	O


Because	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
these	O
troubles	O
make	O
us	O
more	O
patient	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
patience	O
is	O
proof	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
strong	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
proof	O
gives	O
us	O
hope	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
hope	O
will	O
never	O
disappoint	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
this	O
because	O
God	O
has	O
poured	O
out	O
his	O
love	O
to	O
fill	O
our	O
hearts	O
through	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
he	O
gave	O
us	O
.	O


Christ	O
died	O
for	O
us	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
help	O
ourselves	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
living	O
against	O
God	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
just	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
Christ	O
died	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Very	O
few	O
people	O
will	O
die	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
someone	O
else	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
for	O
a	O
good	O
person	O
.	O


Someone	O
might	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
die	O
for	O
an	O
especially	O
good	O
person	O
.	O


But	O
Christ	O
died	O
for	O
us	O
while	O
we	O
were	O
still	O
sinners	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
this	O
God	O
showed	O
how	O
much	O
he	O
loves	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
by	O
the	O
blood	O
sacrifice	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


So	O
through	O
Christ	O
we	O
will	O
surely	O
be	O
saved	O
from	O
God	O
's	O
anger	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
that	O
while	O
we	O
were	O
God	O
's	O
enemies	O
,	O
he	O
made	O
friends	O
with	O
us	O
through	O
his	O
Son	O
's	O
death	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
now	O
God	O
's	O
friends	O
makes	O
it	O
even	O
more	O
certain	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
save	O
us	O
through	O
his	O
Son	O
's	O
life	O
.	O


And	O
not	O
only	O
will	O
we	O
be	O
saved	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
also	O
rejoice	O
right	O
now	O
in	O
what	O
God	O
has	O
done	O
for	O
us	O
through	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
because	O
of	O
Jesus	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
now	O
God	O
's	O
friends	O
.	O


Sin	O
came	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
one	O
man	O
did	O
.	O


And	O
with	O
sin	O
came	O
death	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
why	O
all	O
people	O
must	O
die	O
--	O
because	O
all	O
people	O
have	O
sinned	O
.	O


Sin	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
before	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
does	O
not	O
consider	O
people	O
guilty	O
of	O
sin	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
law	O
.	O


But	O
from	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Adam	O
to	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Moses	O
,	O
everyone	O
had	O
to	O
die	O
.	O


Adam	O
died	O
because	O
he	O
sinned	O
by	O
not	O
obeying	O
God	O
's	O
command	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
sin	O
that	O
same	O
way	O
had	O
to	O
die	O
.	O


That	O
one	O
man	O
,	O
Adam	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
compared	O
to	O
Christ	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
coming	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
's	O
free	O
gift	O
is	O
not	O
like	O
Adam	O
's	O
sin	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
died	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
sin	O
of	O
that	O
one	O
man	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
grace	O
that	O
people	O
received	O
from	O
God	O
was	O
much	O
greater	O
.	O


Many	O
received	O
God	O
's	O
gift	O
of	O
life	O
by	O
the	O
grace	O
of	O
this	O
other	O
man	O
,	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


After	O
Adam	O
sinned	O
once	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
judged	O
guilty	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
God	O
is	O
different	O
.	O


His	O
free	O
gift	O
came	O
after	O
many	O
sins	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
makes	O
people	O
right	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


One	O
man	O
sinned	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
death	O
ruled	O
all	O
people	O
because	O
of	O
that	O
one	O
man	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
some	O
people	O
accept	O
God	O
's	O
full	O
grace	O
and	O
his	O
great	O
gift	O
of	O
being	O
made	O
right	O
.	O


Surely	O
they	O
will	O
have	O
true	O
life	O
and	O
rule	O
through	O
the	O
one	O
man	O
,	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


So	O
that	O
one	O
sin	O
of	O
Adam	O
brought	O
the	O
punishment	O
of	O
death	O
to	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
Christ	O
did	O
something	O
so	O
good	O
that	O
it	O
makes	O
all	O
people	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
brings	O
them	O
true	O
life	O
.	O


One	O
man	O
disobeyed	O
God	O
and	O
many	O
became	O
sinners	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
one	O
man	O
obeyed	O
God	O
and	O
many	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
right	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
was	O
brought	O
in	O
so	O
that	O
more	O
people	O
would	O
sin	O
the	O
way	O
Adam	O
did	O
.	O


But	O
where	O
sin	O
increased	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
even	O
more	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
.	O


Sin	O
once	O
used	O
death	O
to	O
rule	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
gave	O
us	O
more	O
of	O
his	O
grace	O
so	O
that	O
grace	O
could	O
rule	O
by	O
making	O
us	O
right	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
brings	O
us	O
eternal	O
life	O
through	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
our	O
Lord	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
we	O
should	O
continue	O
sinning	O
so	O
that	O
God	O
will	O
give	O
us	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
grace	O
?	O


Of	O
course	O
not	O
!	O


Our	O
old	O
sinful	O
life	O
ended	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
dead	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
can	O
we	O
continue	O
living	O
in	O
sin	O
?	O


Did	O
you	O
forget	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
became	O
part	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
baptized	O
?	O


In	O
our	O
baptism	O
we	O
shared	O
in	O
his	O
death	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
baptized	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
buried	O
with	O
Christ	O
and	O
took	O
part	O
in	O
his	O
death	O
.	O


And	O
just	O
as	O
Christ	O
was	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
by	O
the	O
wonderful	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
Father	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
can	O
now	O
live	O
a	O
new	O
life	O
.	O


Christ	O
died	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
have	O
been	O
joined	O
with	O
him	O
by	O
dying	O
too	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
joined	O
with	O
him	O
by	O
rising	O
from	O
death	O
as	O
he	O
did	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
our	O
old	O
life	O
was	O
put	O
to	O
death	O
on	O
the	O
cross	O
with	O
Christ	O
.	O


This	O
happened	O
so	O
that	O
our	O
sinful	O
selves	O
would	O
have	O
no	O
power	O
over	O
us	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
slaves	O
to	O
sin	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
has	O
died	O
is	O
made	O
free	O
from	O
sin	O
's	O
control	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
died	O
with	O
Christ	O
,	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
we	O
will	O
also	O
live	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Christ	O
was	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
he	O
can	O
not	O
die	O
again	O
.	O


Death	O
has	O
no	O
power	O
over	O
him	O
now	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
when	O
Christ	O
died	O
,	O
he	O
died	O
to	O
defeat	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
sin	O
one	O
time	O
--	O
enough	O
for	O
all	O
time	O
.	O


He	O
now	O
has	O
a	O
new	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
new	O
life	O
is	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
see	O
yourselves	O
as	O
being	O
dead	O
to	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
sin	O
and	O
alive	O
for	O
God	O
through	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
let	O
sin	O
control	O
your	O
life	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
ruled	O
by	O
the	O
things	O
your	O
sinful	O
self	O
makes	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
offer	O
the	O
parts	O
of	O
your	O
body	O
to	O
serve	O
sin	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
use	O
your	O
bodies	O
to	O
do	O
evil	O
,	O
but	O
offer	O
yourselves	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
as	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
died	O
and	O
now	O
live	O
.	O


Offer	O
the	O
parts	O
of	O
your	O
body	O
to	O
God	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
doing	O
good	O
.	O


Sin	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
your	O
master	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
under	O
law	O
.	O


You	O
now	O
live	O
under	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
should	O
we	O
do	O
?	O


Should	O
we	O
sin	O
because	O
we	O
are	O
under	O
grace	O
and	O
not	O
under	O
law	O
?	O


Certainly	O
not	O
!	O


Surely	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
become	O
the	O
slaves	O
of	O
whatever	O
you	O
give	O
yourselves	O
to	O
.	O


Anything	O
or	O
anyone	O
you	O
follow	O
will	O
be	O
your	O
master	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
follow	O
sin	O
,	O
or	O
you	O
can	O
obey	O
God	O
.	O


Following	O
sin	O
brings	O
spiritual	O
death	O
,	O
but	O
obeying	O
God	O
makes	O
you	O
right	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
you	O
were	O
slaves	O
to	O
sin	O
--	O
sin	O
controlled	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
thank	O
God	O
,	O
you	O
fully	O
obeyed	O
what	O
you	O
were	O
taught	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
made	O
free	O
from	O
sin	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
you	O
are	O
slaves	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


I	O
use	O
this	O
example	O
from	O
everyday	O
life	O
because	O
you	O
need	O
help	O
in	O
understanding	O
spiritual	O
truths	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
you	O
offered	O
the	O
parts	O
of	O
your	O
body	O
to	O
be	O
slaves	O
to	O
your	O
immoral	O
and	O
sinful	O
thoughts	O
.	O


The	O
result	O
was	O
that	O
you	O
lived	O
only	O
for	O
sin	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
now	O
offer	O
yourselves	O
to	O
be	O
slaves	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
live	O
only	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
you	O
were	O
slaves	O
to	O
sin	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
even	O
think	O
about	O
doing	O
right	O
.	O


You	O
did	O
evil	O
things	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
you	O
are	O
ashamed	O
of	O
what	O
you	O
did	O
.	O


Did	O
those	O
things	O
help	O
you	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
they	O
only	O
brought	O
death	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
you	O
are	O
free	O
from	O
sin	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
become	O
slaves	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
result	O
is	O
that	O
you	O
live	O
only	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
bring	O
you	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


When	O
people	O
sin	O
,	O
they	O
earn	O
what	O
sin	O
pays	O
--	O
death	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
gives	O
his	O
people	O
a	O
free	O
gift	O
--	O
eternal	O
life	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
our	O
Lord	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
you	O
all	O
understand	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
.	O


So	O
surely	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
law	O
rules	O
over	O
people	O
only	O
while	O
they	O
are	O
alive	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
what	O
the	O
law	O
says	O
about	O
marriage	O
:	O
A	O
woman	O
must	O
stay	O
married	O
to	O
her	O
husband	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
he	O
is	O
alive	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
her	O
husband	O
dies	O
,	O
she	O
is	O
made	O
free	O
from	O
the	O
law	O
of	O
marriage	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
she	O
marries	O
another	O
man	O
while	O
her	O
husband	O
is	O
still	O
alive	O
,	O
the	O
law	O
says	O
she	O
is	O
guilty	O
of	O
adultery	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
her	O
husband	O
dies	O
,	O
she	O
is	O
made	O
free	O
from	O
the	O
law	O
of	O
marriage	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
she	O
marries	O
another	O
man	O
after	O
her	O
husband	O
dies	O
,	O
she	O
is	O
not	O
guilty	O
of	O
adultery	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
my	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
your	O
old	O
selves	O
died	O
and	O
you	O
became	O
free	O
from	O
the	O
law	O
through	O
the	O
body	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


Now	O
you	O
belong	O
to	O
someone	O
else	O
.	O


You	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


We	O
belong	O
to	O
Christ	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
service	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
we	O
were	O
ruled	O
by	O
our	O
sinful	O
selves	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
made	O
us	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
sinful	O
things	O
.	O


And	O
those	O
sinful	O
desires	O
controlled	O
our	O
bodies	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
what	O
we	O
did	O
only	O
brought	O
us	O
spiritual	O
death	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
the	O
law	O
held	O
us	O
as	O
prisoners	O
,	O
but	O
our	O
old	O
selves	O
died	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
were	O
made	O
free	O
from	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


So	O
now	O
we	O
serve	O
God	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
way	O
,	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
old	O
way	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
written	O
rules	O
.	O


Now	O
we	O
serve	O
God	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
way	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


You	O
might	O
think	O
I	O
am	O
saying	O
that	O
sin	O
and	O
the	O
law	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
not	O
true	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
law	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
I	O
could	O
learn	O
what	O
sin	O
means	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
never	O
have	O
known	O
it	O
is	O
wrong	O
to	O
want	O
something	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
mine	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
law	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
must	O
not	O
want	O
what	O
belongs	O
to	O
someone	O
else	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
sin	O
found	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
use	O
that	O
command	O
and	O
make	O
me	O
want	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
things	O
that	O
were	O
n't	O
mine	O
.	O


So	O
sin	O
came	O
to	O
me	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
command	O
.	O


But	O
without	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
sin	O
has	O
no	O
power	O
.	O


Before	O
I	O
knew	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
alive	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
I	O
heard	O
the	O
law	O
's	O
command	O
,	O
sin	O
began	O
to	O
live	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
died	O
spiritually	O
.	O


The	O
command	O
was	O
meant	O
to	O
bring	O
life	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
me	O
it	O
brought	O
death	O
.	O


Sin	O
found	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
fool	O
me	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
command	O
to	O
make	O
me	O
die	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
law	O
is	O
holy	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
command	O
is	O
holy	O
and	O
right	O
and	O
good	O
.	O


Does	O
this	O
mean	O
that	O
something	O
that	O
is	O
good	O
brought	O
death	O
to	O
me	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
sin	O
that	O
used	O
the	O
good	O
command	O
to	O
bring	O
me	O
death	O
.	O


This	O
shows	O
how	O
terrible	O
sin	O
really	O
is	O
.	O


It	O
can	O
use	O
a	O
good	O
command	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
result	O
that	O
shows	O
sin	O
at	O
its	O
very	O
worst	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
law	O
is	O
spiritual	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
so	O
human	O
.	O


Sin	O
rules	O
me	O
as	O
if	O
I	O
were	O
its	O
slave	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
why	O
I	O
act	O
the	O
way	O
I	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
the	O
good	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
do	O
the	O
evil	O
I	O
hate	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
I	O
do	O
,	O
that	O
means	O
I	O
agree	O
that	O
the	O
law	O
is	O
good	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
really	O
the	O
one	O
doing	O
the	O
evil	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
sin	O
living	O
in	O
me	O
that	O
does	O
it	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
nothing	O
good	O
lives	O
in	O
me	O
--	O
I	O
mean	O
nothing	O
good	O
lives	O
in	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
me	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
spiritual	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
the	O
good	O
that	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
the	O
evil	O
that	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
I	O
do	O
what	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
then	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
really	O
the	O
one	O
doing	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
sin	O
living	O
in	O
me	O
that	O
does	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
have	O
learned	O
this	O
rule	O
:	O
When	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
good	O
,	O
evil	O
is	O
there	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


In	O
my	O
mind	O
I	O
am	O
happy	O
with	O
God	O
's	O
law	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
see	O
another	O
law	O
working	O
in	O
my	O
body	O
.	O


That	O
law	O
makes	O
war	O
against	O
the	O
law	O
that	O
my	O
mind	O
accepts	O
.	O


That	O
other	O
law	O
working	O
in	O
my	O
body	O
is	O
the	O
law	O
of	O
sin	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
law	O
makes	O
me	O
its	O
prisoner	O
.	O


What	O
a	O
miserable	O
person	O
I	O
am	O
!	O


Who	O
will	O
save	O
me	O
from	O
this	O
body	O
that	O
brings	O
me	O
death	O
?	O


I	O
thank	O
God	O
for	O
his	O
salvation	O
through	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
our	O
Lord	O
!	O


So	O
in	O
my	O
mind	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
slave	O
to	O
God	O
's	O
law	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
my	O
sinful	O
self	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
slave	O
to	O
the	O
law	O
of	O
sin	O
.	O


So	O
now	O
anyone	O
who	O
is	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
is	O
not	O
judged	O
guilty	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
because	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
the	O
law	O
of	O
the	O
Spirit	O
that	O
brings	O
life	O
made	O
you	O
free	O
.	O


It	O
made	O
you	O
free	O
from	O
the	O
law	O
that	O
brings	O
sin	O
and	O
death	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
was	O
without	O
power	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
made	O
weak	O
by	O
our	O
sinful	O
selves	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
did	O
what	O
the	O
law	O
could	O
not	O
do	O
:	O
He	O
sent	O
his	O
own	O
Son	O
to	O
earth	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
human	O
life	O
that	O
everyone	O
else	O
uses	O
for	O
sin	O
.	O


God	O
sent	O
him	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
offering	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
sin	O
.	O


So	O
God	O
used	O
a	O
human	O
life	O
to	O
destroy	O
sin	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
could	O
be	O
right	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
law	O
said	O
we	O
must	O
be	O
.	O


Now	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
live	O
following	O
our	O
sinful	O
selves	O
.	O


We	O
live	O
following	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
live	O
following	O
their	O
sinful	O
selves	O
think	O
only	O
about	O
what	O
they	O
want	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
live	O
following	O
the	O
Spirit	O
are	O
thinking	O
about	O
what	O
the	O
Spirit	O
wants	O
them	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


If	O
your	O
thinking	O
is	O
controlled	O
by	O
your	O
sinful	O
self	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
spiritual	O
death	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
your	O
thinking	O
is	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
Spirit	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
life	O
and	O
peace	O
.	O


Why	O
is	O
this	O
true	O
?	O


Because	O
anyone	O
whose	O
thinking	O
is	O
controlled	O
by	O
their	O
sinful	O
self	O
is	O
against	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
refuse	O
to	O
obey	O
God	O
's	O
law	O
.	O


And	O
really	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
obey	O
it	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
are	O
ruled	O
by	O
their	O
sinful	O
selves	O
can	O
not	O
please	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
ruled	O
by	O
your	O
sinful	O
selves	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
ruled	O
by	O
the	O
Spirit	O
,	O
if	O
that	O
Spirit	O
of	O
God	O
really	O
lives	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
whoever	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
Spirit	O
of	O
Christ	O
does	O
not	O
belong	O
to	O
Christ	O
.	O


Your	O
body	O
will	O
always	O
be	O
dead	O
because	O
of	O
sin	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
Christ	O
is	O
in	O
you	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
Spirit	O
gives	O
you	O
life	O
,	O
because	O
Christ	O
made	O
you	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


God	O
raised	O
Jesus	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
God	O
's	O
Spirit	O
lives	O
in	O
you	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
also	O
give	O
life	O
to	O
your	O
bodies	O
that	O
die	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
God	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
raised	O
Christ	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
raise	O
you	O
to	O
life	O
through	O
his	O
Spirit	O
living	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
my	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
we	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
ruled	O
by	O
our	O
sinful	O
selves	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
not	O
live	O
the	O
way	O
our	O
sinful	O
selves	O
want	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
use	O
your	O
lives	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
your	O
sinful	O
selves	O
want	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
die	O
spiritually	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
use	O
the	O
Spirit	O
's	O
help	O
to	O
stop	O
doing	O
the	O
wrong	O
things	O
you	O
do	O
with	O
your	O
body	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
true	O
life	O
.	O


The	O
true	O
children	O
of	O
God	O
are	O
those	O
who	O
let	O
God	O
's	O
Spirit	O
lead	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
that	O
we	O
received	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
spirit	O
that	O
makes	O
us	O
slaves	O
again	O
and	O
causes	O
us	O
to	O
fear	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
makes	O
us	O
God	O
's	O
chosen	O
children	O
.	O


And	O
with	O
that	O
Spirit	O
we	O
cry	O
out	O
,	O
``	O
Abba	O
,	O
Father	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
the	O
Spirit	O
himself	O
speaks	O
to	O
our	O
spirits	O
and	O
makes	O
us	O
sure	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
children	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
children	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
get	O
the	O
blessings	O
God	O
has	O
for	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
give	O
us	O
all	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
given	O
Christ	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
must	O
suffer	O
like	O
Christ	O
suffered	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
share	O
his	O
glory	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
sufferings	O
now	O
,	O
but	O
these	O
are	O
nothing	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
great	O
glory	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


Everything	O
that	O
God	O
made	O
is	O
waiting	O
with	O
excitement	O
for	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
he	O
will	O
show	O
the	O
world	O
who	O
his	O
children	O
are	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
world	O
wants	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
that	O
to	O
happen	O
.	O


Everything	O
God	O
made	O
was	O
allowed	O
to	O
become	O
like	O
something	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
fulfill	O
its	O
purpose	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
not	O
its	O
choice	O
,	O
but	O
God	O
made	O
it	O
happen	O
with	O
this	O
hope	O
in	O
view	O
:	O
That	O
the	O
creation	O
would	O
be	O
made	O
free	O
from	O
ruin	O
--	O
that	O
everything	O
God	O
made	O
would	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
freedom	O
and	O
glory	O
that	O
belong	O
to	O
God	O
's	O
children	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
everything	O
God	O
made	O
has	O
been	O
waiting	O
until	O
now	O
in	O
pain	O
like	O
a	O
woman	O
ready	O
to	O
give	O
birth	O
to	O
a	O
child	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
also	O
have	O
been	O
waiting	O
with	O
pain	O
inside	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
the	O
Spirit	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
part	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
promise	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
God	O
to	O
finish	O
making	O
us	O
his	O
own	O
children	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
we	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
our	O
bodies	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
free	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
saved	O
to	O
have	O
this	O
hope	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
can	O
see	O
what	O
we	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
really	O
hope	O
.	O


People	O
do	O
n't	O
hope	O
for	O
something	O
they	O
already	O
have	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
are	O
hoping	O
for	O
something	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
yet	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
it	O
patiently	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
the	O
Spirit	O
helps	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
very	O
weak	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Spirit	O
helps	O
us	O
with	O
our	O
weakness	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
pray	O
as	O
we	O
should	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Spirit	O
himself	O
speaks	O
to	O
God	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


He	O
begs	O
God	O
for	O
us	O
,	O
speaking	O
to	O
him	O
with	O
feelings	O
too	O
deep	O
for	O
words	O
.	O


God	O
already	O
knows	O
our	O
deepest	O
thoughts	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
understands	O
what	O
the	O
Spirit	O
is	O
saying	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
Spirit	O
speaks	O
for	O
his	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
agrees	O
with	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
in	O
everything	O
God	O
works	O
for	O
the	O
good	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
love	O
him	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
people	O
God	O
chose	O
,	O
because	O
that	O
was	O
his	O
plan	O
.	O


God	O
knew	O
them	O
before	O
he	O
made	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
decided	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
be	O
like	O
his	O
Son	O
.	O


Then	O
Jesus	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
firstborn	O
of	O
many	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
.	O


God	O
planned	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
his	O
Son	O
.	O


He	O
chose	O
them	O
and	O
made	O
them	O
right	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
after	O
he	O
made	O
them	O
right	O
,	O
he	O
gave	O
them	O
his	O
glory	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
should	O
we	O
say	O
about	O
this	O
?	O


If	O
God	O
is	O
for	O
us	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
stand	O
against	O
us	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
is	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


He	O
even	O
let	O
his	O
own	O
Son	O
suffer	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


God	O
gave	O
his	O
Son	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
.	O


So	O
now	O
with	O
Jesus	O
,	O
God	O
will	O
surely	O
give	O
us	O
all	O
things	O
.	O


Who	O
can	O
accuse	O
the	O
people	O
God	O
has	O
chosen	O
?	O


No	O
one	O
!	O


God	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
makes	O
them	O
right	O
.	O


Who	O
can	O
say	O
that	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
are	O
guilty	O
?	O


No	O
one	O
!	O


Christ	O
Jesus	O
died	O
for	O
us	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
all	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
also	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
he	O
is	O
at	O
God	O
's	O
right	O
side	O
,	O
speaking	O
to	O
him	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Can	O
anything	O
separate	O
us	O
from	O
Christ	O
's	O
love	O
?	O


Can	O
trouble	O
or	O
problems	O
or	O
persecution	O
separate	O
us	O
from	O
his	O
love	O
?	O


If	O
we	O
have	O
no	O
food	O
or	O
clothes	O
or	O
face	O
danger	O
or	O
even	O
death	O
,	O
will	O
that	O
separate	O
us	O
from	O
his	O
love	O
?	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
For	O
you	O
we	O
are	O
in	O
danger	O
of	O
death	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


People	O
think	O
we	O
are	O
worth	O
no	O
more	O
than	O
sheep	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
in	O
all	O
these	O
troubles	O
we	O
have	O
complete	O
victory	O
through	O
God	O
,	O
who	O
has	O
shown	O
his	O
love	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
sure	O
that	O
nothing	O
can	O
separate	O
us	O
from	O
God	O
's	O
love	O
--	O
not	O
death	O
,	O
life	O
,	O
angels	O
,	O
or	O
ruling	O
spirits	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
sure	O
that	O
nothing	O
now	O
,	O
nothing	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
no	O
powers	O
,	O
nothing	O
above	O
us	O
or	O
nothing	O
below	O
us	O
--	O
nothing	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
created	O
world	O
--	O
will	O
ever	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
separate	O
us	O
from	O
the	O
love	O
God	O
has	O
shown	O
us	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
our	O
Lord	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
ask	O
,	O
``	O
Did	O
God	O
force	O
his	O
people	O
to	O
leave	O
him	O
?	O
''	O


Of	O
course	O
not	O
.	O


I	O
myself	O
am	O
an	O
Israelite	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
from	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Abraham	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Benjamin	O
.	O


God	O
chose	O
the	O
Israelites	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
people	O
before	O
they	O
were	O
born	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
force	O
them	O
to	O
leave	O
.	O


Surely	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
about	O
Elijah	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
tell	O
about	O
Elijah	O
praying	O
to	O
God	O
against	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Lord	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
killed	O
your	O
prophets	O
and	O
destroyed	O
your	O
altars	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
only	O
prophet	O
still	O
living	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
kill	O
me	O
now	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
what	O
answer	O
did	O
God	O
give	O
to	O
Elijah	O
?	O


God	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
have	O
kept	O
for	O
myself	O
seven	O
thousand	O
men	O
who	O
have	O
never	O
given	O
worship	O
to	O
Baal	O
.	O
''	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
now	O
.	O


God	O
has	O
chosen	O
a	O
few	O
people	O
by	O
his	O
grace	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
he	O
chose	O
them	O
by	O
grace	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
that	O
made	O
them	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
made	O
his	O
people	O
by	O
what	O
they	O
did	O
,	O
his	O
gift	O
of	O
grace	O
would	O
not	O
really	O
be	O
a	O
gift	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
has	O
happened	O
:	O
The	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
wanted	O
God	O
's	O
blessing	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
all	O
get	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
he	O
chose	O
did	O
get	O
his	O
blessing	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
others	O
became	O
hard	O
and	O
refused	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
caused	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
fall	O
asleep	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
God	O
closed	O
their	O
eyes	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
see	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
closed	O
their	O
ears	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
hear	O
.	O


This	O
continues	O
until	O
now	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
David	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
Let	O
those	O
people	O
be	O
caught	O
and	O
trapped	O
at	O
their	O
own	O
feasts	O
.	O


Let	O
them	O
fall	O
and	O
be	O
punished	O
.	O


Let	O
their	O
eyes	O
be	O
closed	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
not	O
see	O
.	O


And	O
let	O
them	O
be	O
troubled	O
forever	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
I	O
ask	O
:	O
When	O
the	O
Jews	O
fell	O
,	O
did	O
that	O
fall	O
destroy	O
them	O
?	O


No	O
!	O


But	O
their	O
mistake	O
brought	O
salvation	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
.	O


The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
was	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
Jews	O
jealous	O
.	O


Their	O
mistake	O
brought	O
rich	O
blessings	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


And	O
what	O
they	O
lost	O
brought	O
rich	O
blessings	O
to	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


So	O
surely	O
the	O
world	O
will	O
get	O
much	O
richer	O
blessings	O
when	O
enough	O
Jews	O
become	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
people	O
God	O
wants	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
am	O
speaking	O
to	O
you	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
an	O
apostle	O
to	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


So	O
while	O
I	O
have	O
that	O
work	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
do	O
the	O
best	O
I	O
can	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
I	O
can	O
make	O
my	O
own	O
people	O
jealous	O
.	O


That	O
way	O
,	O
maybe	O
I	O
can	O
help	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
saved	O
.	O


God	O
turned	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
Jews	O
.	O


When	O
that	O
happened	O
,	O
he	O
became	O
friends	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
he	O
accepts	O
the	O
Jews	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
like	O
bringing	O
people	O
to	O
life	O
after	O
death	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
first	O
piece	O
of	O
bread	O
is	O
offered	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
whole	O
loaf	O
is	O
made	O
holy	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
roots	O
of	O
a	O
tree	O
are	O
holy	O
,	O
the	O
tree	O
's	O
branches	O
are	O
holy	O
too	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
as	O
if	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
branches	O
from	O
an	O
olive	O
tree	O
have	O
been	O
broken	O
off	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
branch	O
of	O
a	O
wild	O
olive	O
tree	O
has	O
been	O
joined	O
to	O
that	O
first	O
tree	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
a	O
Jew	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
that	O
wild	O
branch	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
now	O
share	O
the	O
strength	O
and	O
life	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
tree	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
act	O
as	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
better	O
than	O
those	O
branches	O
that	O
were	O
broken	O
off	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
no	O
reason	O
to	O
be	O
proud	O
of	O
yourself	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
give	O
life	O
to	O
the	O
root	O
.	O


The	O
root	O
gives	O
life	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
might	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Branches	O
were	O
broken	O
off	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
could	O
be	O
joined	O
to	O
their	O
tree	O
.	O
''	O


That	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
branches	O
were	O
broken	O
off	O
because	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
tree	O
only	O
because	O
you	O
believe	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
proud	O
,	O
but	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


If	O
God	O
did	O
not	O
let	O
the	O
natural	O
branches	O
of	O
that	O
tree	O
stay	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
let	O
you	O
stay	O
if	O
you	O
stop	O
believing	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
see	O
that	O
God	O
is	O
kind	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
very	O
strict	O
.	O


He	O
punishes	O
those	O
who	O
stop	O
following	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
is	O
kind	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
continue	O
trusting	O
in	O
his	O
kindness	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
continue	O
depending	O
on	O
him	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
cut	O
off	O
from	O
the	O
tree	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
the	O
Jews	O
will	O
believe	O
in	O
God	O
again	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
accept	O
them	O
back	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
put	O
them	O
back	O
where	O
they	O
were	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
natural	O
for	O
a	O
wild	O
branch	O
to	O
become	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
good	O
tree	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
are	O
like	O
a	O
branch	O
cut	O
from	O
a	O
wild	O
olive	O
tree	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
were	O
joined	O
to	O
a	O
good	O
olive	O
tree	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
Jews	O
are	O
like	O
a	O
branch	O
that	O
grew	O
from	O
the	O
good	O
tree	O
.	O


So	O
surely	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
joined	O
to	O
their	O
own	O
tree	O
again	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
understand	O
this	O
secret	O
truth	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
.	O


This	O
truth	O
will	O
help	O
you	O
understand	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
everything	O
.	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
this	O
:	O
Part	O
of	O
Israel	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
stubborn	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
will	O
change	O
when	O
enough	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
is	O
how	O
all	O
Israel	O
will	O
be	O
saved	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Savior	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
Zion	O
;	O
he	O
will	O
take	O
away	O
all	O
evil	O
from	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Jacob	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
will	O
make	O
this	O
agreement	O
with	O
those	O
people	O
when	O
I	O
take	O
away	O
their	O
sins	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Jews	O
refuse	O
to	O
accept	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
enemies	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
happened	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
are	O
still	O
God	O
's	O
chosen	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
loves	O
them	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
promises	O
he	O
made	O
to	O
their	O
ancestors	O
.	O


God	O
never	O
changes	O
his	O
mind	O
about	O
the	O
people	O
he	O
calls	O
.	O


He	O
never	O
decides	O
to	O
take	O
back	O
the	O
blessings	O
he	O
has	O
given	O
them	O
.	O


At	O
one	O
time	O
you	O
refused	O
to	O
obey	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
you	O
have	O
received	O
mercy	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
Jews	O
refused	O
to	O
obey	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
they	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
refuse	O
to	O
obey	O
,	O
because	O
God	O
showed	O
mercy	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
happened	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
also	O
receive	O
mercy	O
from	O
him	O
.	O


All	O
people	O
have	O
refused	O
to	O
obey	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
has	O
put	O
them	O
all	O
together	O
as	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
obey	O
him	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
can	O
show	O
mercy	O
to	O
everyone	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
God	O
's	O
riches	O
are	O
very	O
great	O
!	O


His	O
wisdom	O
and	O
knowledge	O
have	O
no	O
end	O
!	O


No	O
one	O
can	O
explain	O
what	O
God	O
decides	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
can	O
understand	O
his	O
ways	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
can	O
know	O
what	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
mind	O
?	O


Who	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
give	O
him	O
advice	O
?	O
''	O


``	O
Who	O
has	O
ever	O
given	O
God	O
anything	O
?	O


God	O
owes	O
nothing	O
to	O
anyone	O
.	O
''	O


Yes	O
,	O
God	O
made	O
all	O
things	O
.	O


And	O
everything	O
continues	O
through	O
him	O
and	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


To	O
God	O
be	O
the	O
glory	O
forever	O
!	O


Amen	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
beg	O
you	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
great	O
mercy	O
God	O
has	O
shown	O
us	O
,	O
offer	O
your	O
lives	O
as	O
a	O
living	O
sacrifice	O
to	O
him	O
--	O
an	O
offering	O
that	O
is	O
only	O
for	O
God	O
and	O
pleasing	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


Considering	O
what	O
he	O
has	O
done	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
only	O
right	O
that	O
you	O
should	O
worship	O
him	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
change	O
yourselves	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
this	O
world	O
,	O
but	O
let	O
God	O
change	O
you	O
inside	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
way	O
of	O
thinking	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
understand	O
and	O
accept	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
and	O
pleasing	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
what	O
is	O
perfect	O
.	O


God	O
has	O
given	O
me	O
a	O
special	O
gift	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
have	O
something	O
to	O
say	O
to	O
each	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
better	O
than	O
you	O
really	O
are	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
see	O
yourself	O
just	O
as	O
you	O
are	O
.	O


Decide	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
by	O
the	O
faith	O
God	O
has	O
given	O
each	O
of	O
us	O
.	O


Each	O
one	O
of	O
us	O
has	O
one	O
body	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
body	O
has	O
many	O
parts	O
.	O


These	O
parts	O
do	O
n't	O
all	O
do	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
many	O
people	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
Christ	O
we	O
are	O
all	O
one	O
body	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
the	O
parts	O
of	O
that	O
body	O
,	O
and	O
each	O
part	O
belongs	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
others	O
.	O


We	O
all	O
have	O
different	O
gifts	O
.	O


Each	O
gift	O
came	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
grace	O
God	O
gave	O
us	O
.	O


Whoever	O
has	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
prophecy	O
should	O
use	O
that	O
gift	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
fits	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
faith	O
they	O
have	O
.	O


Whoever	O
has	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
serving	O
should	O
serve	O
.	O


Whoever	O
has	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
teaching	O
should	O
teach	O
.	O


Whoever	O
has	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
comforting	O
others	O
should	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


Whoever	O
has	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
giving	O
to	O
help	O
others	O
should	O
give	O
generously	O
.	O


Whoever	O
has	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
leading	O
should	O
work	O
hard	O
at	O
it	O
.	O


Whoever	O
has	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
showing	O
kindness	O
to	O
others	O
should	O
do	O
it	O
gladly	O
.	O


Your	O
love	O
must	O
be	O
real	O
.	O


Hate	O
what	O
is	O
evil	O
.	O


Do	O
only	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
.	O


Love	O
each	O
other	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
makes	O
you	O
feel	O
close	O
like	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
.	O


And	O
give	O
each	O
other	O
more	O
honor	O
than	O
you	O
give	O
yourself	O
.	O


As	O
you	O
serve	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
work	O
hard	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
lazy	O
.	O


Be	O
excited	O
about	O
serving	O
him	O
!	O


Be	O
happy	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
hope	O
you	O
have	O
.	O


Be	O
patient	O
when	O
you	O
have	O
troubles	O
.	O


Pray	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


Share	O
with	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
who	O
need	O
help	O
.	O


Look	O
for	O
people	O
who	O
need	O
help	O
and	O
welcome	O
them	O
into	O
your	O
homes	O
.	O


Wish	O
only	O
good	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
treat	O
you	O
badly	O
.	O


Ask	O
God	O
to	O
bless	O
them	O
,	O
not	O
curse	O
them	O
.	O


When	O
others	O
are	O
happy	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
be	O
happy	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
others	O
are	O
sad	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
be	O
sad	O
too	O
.	O


Live	O
together	O
in	O
peace	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
proud	O
,	O
but	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
be	O
friends	O
with	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
important	O
to	O
others	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
think	O
of	O
yourself	O
as	O
smarter	O
than	O
everyone	O
else	O
.	O


If	O
someone	O
does	O
you	O
wrong	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
try	O
to	O
pay	O
them	O
back	O
by	O
hurting	O
them	O
.	O


Try	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
everyone	O
thinks	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


Do	O
the	O
best	O
you	O
can	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
peace	O
with	O
everyone	O
.	O


My	O
friends	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
try	O
to	O
punish	O
anyone	O
who	O
does	O
wrong	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Wait	O
for	O
God	O
to	O
punish	O
them	O
with	O
his	O
anger	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
written	O
:	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
punishes	O
;	O
I	O
will	O
pay	O
people	O
back	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
should	O
do	O
this	O
:	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
have	O
enemies	O
who	O
are	O
hungry	O
,	O
give	O
them	O
something	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
have	O
enemies	O
who	O
are	O
thirsty	O
,	O
give	O
them	O
something	O
to	O
drink	O
.	O


In	O
doing	O
this	O
you	O
will	O
make	O
them	O
feel	O
ashamed	O
.	O
''	O


Do	O
n't	O
let	O
evil	O
defeat	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
defeat	O
evil	O
by	O
doing	O
good	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
you	O
must	O
obey	O
the	O
government	O
rulers	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
rules	O
was	O
given	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
rule	O
by	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
rule	O
now	O
were	O
given	O
that	O
power	O
by	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
anyone	O
who	O
is	O
against	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
really	O
against	O
something	O
God	O
has	O
commanded	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
are	O
against	O
the	O
government	O
bring	O
punishment	O
on	O
themselves	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
do	O
right	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
fear	O
the	O
rulers	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
wrong	O
must	O
fear	O
them	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
free	O
from	O
fearing	O
them	O
?	O


Then	O
do	O
only	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
praise	O
you	O
.	O


Rulers	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
servants	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
wrong	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
reason	O
to	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
punish	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
use	O
it	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
servants	O
to	O
punish	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
wrong	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
must	O
obey	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
not	O
just	O
because	O
you	O
might	O
be	O
punished	O
,	O
but	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
why	O
you	O
pay	O
taxes	O
too	O
.	O


Those	O
rulers	O
are	O
working	O
for	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
give	O
all	O
their	O
time	O
to	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
ruling	O
.	O


Give	O
everyone	O
what	O
you	O
owe	O
them	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
owe	O
them	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
tax	O
,	O
then	O
pay	O
it	O
.	O


Show	O
respect	O
to	O
those	O
you	O
should	O
respect	O
.	O


And	O
show	O
honor	O
to	O
those	O
you	O
should	O
honor	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
owe	O
nothing	O
to	O
anyone	O
,	O
except	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
always	O
owe	O
love	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


The	O
person	O
who	O
loves	O
others	O
has	O
done	O
all	O
that	O
the	O
law	O
commands	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
must	O
not	O
commit	O
adultery	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
not	O
murder	O
anyone	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
not	O
steal	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
not	O
want	O
what	O
belongs	O
to	O
someone	O
else	O
.	O
''	O


All	O
these	O
commands	O
and	O
all	O
other	O
commands	O
are	O
really	O
only	O
one	O
rule	O
:	O


``	O
Love	O
your	O
neighbor	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
you	O
love	O
yourself	O
.	O
''	O


Love	O
does	O
n't	O
hurt	O
others	O
.	O


So	O
loving	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
obeying	O
all	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
we	O
live	O
in	O
an	O
important	O
time	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
time	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
wake	O
up	O
from	O
your	O
sleep	O
.	O


Our	O
salvation	O
is	O
nearer	O
now	O
than	O
when	O
we	O
first	O
believed	O
.	O


The	O
night	O
is	O
almost	O
finished	O
.	O


The	O
day	O
is	O
almost	O
here	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
should	O
stop	O
doing	O
whatever	O
belongs	O
to	O
darkness	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
prepare	O
ourselves	O
to	O
fight	O
evil	O
with	O
the	O
weapons	O
that	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
light	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
live	O
in	O
a	O
right	O
way	O
,	O
like	O
people	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
day	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
not	O
have	O
wild	O
parties	O
or	O
be	O
drunk	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
sexual	O
sin	O
or	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
immoral	O
behavior	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
not	O
cause	O
arguments	O
and	O
trouble	O
or	O
be	O
jealous	O
.	O


But	O
be	O
like	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
when	O
people	O
see	O
what	O
you	O
do	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
see	O
Christ	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
think	O
about	O
how	O
to	O
satisfy	O
the	O
desires	O
of	O
your	O
sinful	O
self	O
.	O


Be	O
willing	O
to	O
accept	O
those	O
who	O
still	O
have	O
doubts	O
about	O
what	O
believers	O
can	O
do	O
.	O


And	O
do	O
n't	O
argue	O
with	O
them	O
about	O
their	O
different	O
ideas	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
believe	O
they	O
can	O
eat	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
food	O
,	O
but	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
doubts	O
eat	O
only	O
vegetables	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
know	O
they	O
can	O
eat	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
food	O
must	O
not	O
feel	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
better	O
than	O
those	O
who	O
eat	O
only	O
vegetables	O
.	O


And	O
those	O
who	O
eat	O
only	O
vegetables	O
must	O
not	O
decide	O
that	O
those	O
who	O
eat	O
all	O
foods	O
are	O
wrong	O
.	O


God	O
has	O
accepted	O
them	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
not	O
judge	O
the	O
servants	O
of	O
someone	O
else	O
.	O


Their	O
own	O
master	O
decides	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
doing	O
right	O
or	O
wrong	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
servants	O
will	O
be	O
right	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
Lord	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
right	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
might	O
believe	O
that	O
one	O
day	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
another	O
.	O


And	O
others	O
might	O
believe	O
that	O
every	O
day	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
.	O


Everyone	O
should	O
be	O
sure	O
about	O
their	O
beliefs	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
mind	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
think	O
one	O
day	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
other	O
days	O
are	O
doing	O
that	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


And	O
those	O
who	O
eat	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
food	O
are	O
doing	O
that	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
they	O
give	O
thanks	O
to	O
God	O
for	O
that	O
food	O
.	O


And	O
those	O
who	O
refuse	O
to	O
eat	O
some	O
foods	O
do	O
that	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
give	O
thanks	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
live	O
or	O
die	O
just	O
for	O
ourselves	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
live	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
living	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
we	O
die	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
dying	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


So	O
living	O
or	O
dying	O
,	O
we	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
Christ	O
died	O
and	O
rose	O
from	O
death	O
to	O
live	O
again	O
--	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
be	O
Lord	O
over	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
died	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
living	O
.	O


So	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
judge	O
your	O
brother	O
or	O
sister	O
in	O
Christ	O
?	O


Or	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
better	O
than	O
they	O
are	O
?	O


We	O
will	O
all	O
stand	O
before	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
judge	O
us	O
all	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
'	O
As	O
surely	O
as	O
I	O
live	O
,	O
'	O
says	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
'	O
Everyone	O
will	O
bow	O
before	O
me	O
;	O
everyone	O
will	O
say	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
God	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


So	O
each	O
of	O
us	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
explain	O
to	O
God	O
about	O
the	O
things	O
we	O
do	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
should	O
stop	O
judging	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
decide	O
not	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
that	O
will	O
cause	O
a	O
problem	O
for	O
a	O
brother	O
or	O
sister	O
or	O
hurt	O
their	O
faith	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
food	O
that	O
is	O
wrong	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
convinced	O
me	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
someone	O
believes	O
that	O
something	O
is	O
wrong	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
is	O
wrong	O
for	O
that	O
person	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
hurt	O
the	O
faith	O
of	O
your	O
brother	O
or	O
sister	O
because	O
of	O
something	O
you	O
eat	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
really	O
following	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
love	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
destroy	O
anyone	O
's	O
faith	O
by	O
eating	O
something	O
they	O
think	O
is	O
wrong	O
.	O


Christ	O
died	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
allow	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
become	O
something	O
they	O
say	O
is	O
evil	O
.	O


In	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
,	O
what	O
we	O
eat	O
and	O
drink	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
what	O
is	O
important	O
:	O
a	O
right	O
way	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
peace	O
,	O
and	O
joy	O
--	O
all	O
from	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


Whoever	O
serves	O
Christ	O
by	O
living	O
this	O
way	O
is	O
pleasing	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
accepted	O
by	O
others	O
.	O


So	O
let	O
's	O
try	O
as	O
hard	O
as	O
we	O
can	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
will	O
bring	O
peace	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
do	O
whatever	O
will	O
help	O
each	O
other	O
grow	O
stronger	O
in	O
faith	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
let	O
the	O
eating	O
of	O
food	O
destroy	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


All	O
food	O
is	O
right	O
to	O
eat	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
wrong	O
for	O
anyone	O
to	O
eat	O
something	O
that	O
hurts	O
the	O
faith	O
of	O
another	O
person	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
better	O
not	O
to	O
eat	O
meat	O
or	O
drink	O
wine	O
or	O
do	O
anything	O
else	O
that	O
hurts	O
the	O
faith	O
of	O
your	O
brother	O
or	O
sister	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
keep	O
your	O
beliefs	O
about	O
these	O
things	O
a	O
secret	O
between	O
yourself	O
and	O
God	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
blessing	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
you	O
think	O
is	O
right	O
without	O
feeling	O
guilty	O
.	O


But	O
anyone	O
who	O
eats	O
something	O
without	O
being	O
sure	O
it	O
is	O
right	O
is	O
doing	O
wrong	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
because	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
it	O
was	O
right	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
anything	O
that	O
you	O
believe	O
is	O
not	O
right	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
sin	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
us	O
have	O
no	O
problem	O
with	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
should	O
be	O
patient	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
so	O
strong	O
and	O
have	O
doubts	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
not	O
do	O
what	O
pleases	O
us	O
but	O
do	O
what	O
pleases	O
them	O
and	O
is	O
for	O
their	O
good	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
do	O
whatever	O
helps	O
everyone	O
grow	O
stronger	O
in	O
faith	O
.	O


Even	O
Christ	O
did	O
not	O
live	O
trying	O
to	O
please	O
himself	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
about	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
Those	O
people	O
who	O
insulted	O
you	O
have	O
also	O
insulted	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Everything	O
that	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
was	O
written	O
to	O
teach	O
us	O
.	O


Those	O
things	O
were	O
written	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
could	O
have	O
hope	O
.	O


That	O
hope	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
patience	O
and	O
encouragement	O
that	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
give	O
us	O
.	O


All	O
patience	O
and	O
encouragement	O
come	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
pray	O
that	O
God	O
will	O
help	O
you	O
all	O
agree	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
as	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
wants	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
all	O
be	O
joined	O
together	O
.	O


And	O
all	O
together	O
you	O
will	O
give	O
glory	O
to	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Christ	O
accepted	O
you	O
,	O
so	O
you	O
should	O
accept	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
bring	O
honor	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
Christ	O
became	O
a	O
servant	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
God	O
has	O
done	O
what	O
he	O
promised	O
their	O
great	O
ancestors	O
.	O


Christ	O
also	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
could	O
praise	O
God	O
for	O
the	O
mercy	O
he	O
gives	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
So	O
I	O
will	O
give	O
thanks	O
to	O
you	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
other	O
nations	O
;	O
I	O
will	O
sing	O
praise	O
to	O
your	O
name	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
people	O
of	O
other	O
nations	O
should	O
be	O
happy	O
together	O
with	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
also	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Praise	O
the	O
Lord	O
all	O
you	O
people	O
of	O
other	O
nations	O
;	O
all	O
people	O
should	O
praise	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
Isaiah	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
Someone	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
Jesse	O
's	O
family	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
rule	O
over	O
the	O
nations	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
put	O
their	O
hope	O
in	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
the	O
God	O
who	O
gives	O
hope	O
will	O
fill	O
you	O
with	O
much	O
joy	O
and	O
peace	O
as	O
you	O
trust	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
hope	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
flow	O
out	O
of	O
you	O
by	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


My	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
without	O
a	O
doubt	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
goodness	O
and	O
have	O
all	O
the	O
knowledge	O
you	O
need	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
are	O
certainly	O
able	O
to	O
counsel	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
have	O
written	O
to	O
you	O
very	O
openly	O
about	O
some	O
things	O
that	O
I	O
wanted	O
you	O
to	O
remember	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
this	O
because	O
God	O
gave	O
me	O
this	O
special	O
gift	O
:	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
servant	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
.	O


I	O
serve	O
like	O
a	O
priest	O
whose	O
duty	O
it	O
is	O
to	O
tell	O
God	O
's	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
me	O
this	O
work	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
could	O
be	O
an	O
offering	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
accept	O
--	O
an	O
offering	O
made	O
holy	O
by	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
feel	O
so	O
good	O
about	O
what	O
I	O
have	O
done	O
for	O
God	O
in	O
my	O
service	O
to	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
not	O
talk	O
about	O
anything	O
I	O
did	O
myself	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
talk	O
only	O
about	O
what	O
Christ	O
has	O
done	O
with	O
me	O
in	O
leading	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
to	O
obey	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
obeyed	O
him	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
I	O
have	O
said	O
and	O
done	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
obeyed	O
him	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
and	O
wonders	O
that	O
happened	O
--	O
all	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
Spirit	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
told	O
people	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
Christ	O
in	O
every	O
place	O
from	O
Jerusalem	O
to	O
Illyricum	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
I	O
have	O
finished	O
that	O
part	O
of	O
my	O
work	O
.	O


I	O
always	O
want	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
in	O
places	O
where	O
people	O
have	O
never	O
heard	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
this	O
because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
build	O
on	O
the	O
work	O
that	O
someone	O
else	O
has	O
already	O
started	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Those	O
who	O
were	O
not	O
told	O
about	O
him	O
will	O
see	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
not	O
heard	O
about	O
him	O
will	O
understand	O
.	O
''	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
has	O
kept	O
me	O
so	O
busy	O
and	O
prevented	O
my	O
coming	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
even	O
though	O
I	O
have	O
wanted	O
to	O
come	O
many	O
times	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
have	O
finished	O
my	O
work	O
in	O
these	O
areas	O
.	O


And	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
I	O
have	O
wanted	O
to	O
visit	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
will	O
visit	O
you	O
when	O
I	O
go	O
to	O
Spain	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
I	O
hope	O
to	O
visit	O
you	O
while	O
I	O
am	O
traveling	O
to	O
Spain	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
stay	O
and	O
enjoy	O
being	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
can	O
help	O
me	O
continue	O
on	O
my	O
trip	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
to	O
help	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
there	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
poor	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
believers	O
in	O
Macedonia	O
and	O
Achaia	O
wanted	O
to	O
help	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
gathered	O
some	O
money	O
to	O
send	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
happy	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
paying	O
something	O
they	O
owed	O
them	O
,	O
because	O
as	O
non-Jews	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
blessed	O
spiritually	O
by	O
the	O
Jews	O
.	O


So	O
now	O
they	O
should	O
use	O
the	O
material	O
blessings	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
Jews	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
going	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
the	O
poor	O
get	O
this	O
money	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


After	O
I	O
finish	O
that	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
leave	O
for	O
Spain	O
and	O
stop	O
to	O
visit	O
you	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
when	O
I	O
visit	O
you	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
bring	O
you	O
Christ	O
's	O
full	O
blessing	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
beg	O
you	O
to	O
help	O
me	O
in	O
my	O
work	O
by	O
praying	O
to	O
God	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


Do	O
this	O
because	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
and	O
the	O
love	O
that	O
the	O
Spirit	O
gives	O
us	O
.	O


Pray	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
saved	O
from	O
those	O
in	O
Judea	O
who	O
refuse	O
to	O
accept	O
our	O
message	O
.	O


And	O
pray	O
that	O
this	O
help	O
I	O
am	O
bringing	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
will	O
please	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
there	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
if	O
God	O
wants	O
me	O
to	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
come	O
with	O
joy	O
,	O
and	O
together	O
you	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
rest	O
.	O


The	O
God	O
who	O
gives	O
peace	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
all	O
.	O


Amen	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
trust	O
our	O
sister	O
in	O
Christ	O
,	O
Phoebe	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
a	O
special	O
servant	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
in	O
Cenchrea	O
.	O


I	O
ask	O
you	O
to	O
accept	O
her	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Accept	O
her	O
the	O
way	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
should	O
.	O


Help	O
her	O
with	O
anything	O
she	O
needs	O
from	O
you	O
.	O


She	O
has	O
helped	O
me	O
very	O
much	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
has	O
helped	O
many	O
others	O
too	O
.	O


Give	O
my	O
greetings	O
to	O
Priscilla	O
and	O
Aquila	O
,	O
who	O
have	O
worked	O
together	O
with	O
me	O
for	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
risked	O
their	O
own	O
lives	O
to	O
save	O
mine	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
thankful	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
churches	O
are	O
thankful	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
give	O
greetings	O
to	O
the	O
church	O
that	O
meets	O
in	O
their	O
house	O
.	O


Give	O
greetings	O
to	O
my	O
dear	O
friend	O
Epaenetus	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
person	O
to	O
follow	O
Christ	O
in	O
Asia	O
.	O


Greetings	O
also	O
to	O
Mary	O
.	O


She	O
worked	O
very	O
hard	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
greet	O
Andronicus	O
and	O
Junia	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
my	O
relatives	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
in	O
prison	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
followers	O
of	O
Christ	O
before	O
I	O
was	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
are	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
of	O
the	O
ones	O
Christ	O
sent	O
out	O
to	O
do	O
his	O
work	O
.	O


Give	O
my	O
greetings	O
to	O
Ampliatus	O
,	O
my	O
dear	O
friend	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
Urbanus	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
worked	O
together	O
with	O
me	O
for	O
Christ	O
.	O


Give	O
greetings	O
also	O
to	O
my	O
dear	O
friend	O
Stachys	O
and	O
to	O
Apelles	O
,	O
who	O
has	O
proved	O
himself	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
true	O
follower	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


Give	O
greetings	O
to	O
everyone	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Aristobulus	O
and	O
to	O
Herodion	O
,	O
my	O
relative	O
.	O


Greetings	O
to	O
all	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Narcissus	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
and	O
to	O
Tryphaena	O
and	O
Tryphosa	O
,	O
women	O
who	O
work	O
very	O
hard	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Greetings	O
to	O
my	O
dear	O
friend	O
Persis	O
.	O


She	O
has	O
also	O
worked	O
very	O
hard	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Greetings	O
also	O
to	O
Rufus	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
chosen	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
his	O
mother	O
,	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
mother	O
to	O
me	O
too	O
.	O


Give	O
my	O
greetings	O
to	O
Asyncritus	O
,	O
Phlegon	O
,	O
Hermes	O
,	O
Patrobas	O
,	O
Hermas	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
brothers	O
in	O
Christ	O
who	O
are	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


Give	O
greetings	O
to	O
Philologus	O
and	O
Julia	O
,	O
to	O
Nereus	O
and	O
his	O
sister	O
,	O
to	O
Olympas	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


Give	O
each	O
other	O
the	O
special	O
greeting	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
churches	O
that	O
belong	O
to	O
Christ	O
send	O
their	O
greetings	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
careful	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
cause	O
arguments	O
and	O
hurt	O
people	O
's	O
faith	O
by	O
teaching	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
against	O
what	O
you	O
learned	O
.	O


Stay	O
away	O
from	O
them	O
.	O


People	O
like	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
serving	O
our	O
Lord	O
Christ	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
only	O
pleasing	O
themselves	O
.	O


They	O
use	O
fancy	O
talk	O
and	O
say	O
nice	O
things	O
to	O
fool	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
about	O
evil	O
.	O


Everyone	O
has	O
heard	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
what	O
you	O
were	O
taught	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
very	O
happy	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
wise	O
about	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
and	O
to	O
know	O
nothing	O
about	O
what	O
is	O
evil	O
.	O


The	O
God	O
who	O
brings	O
peace	O
will	O
soon	O
defeat	O
Satan	O
and	O
give	O
you	O
power	O
over	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
grace	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


Timothy	O
,	O
a	O
worker	O
together	O
with	O
me	O
,	O
sends	O
you	O
his	O
greetings	O
.	O


Also	O
Lucius	O
,	O
Jason	O
,	O
and	O
Sosipater	O
-LRB-	O
these	O
are	O
my	O
relatives	O
-RRB-	O
send	O
their	O
greetings	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
Tertius	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
writing	O
this	O
letter	O
for	O
Paul	O
.	O


I	O
send	O
you	O
my	O
own	O
greetings	O
as	O
one	O
who	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Gaius	O
is	O
letting	O
me	O
and	O
the	O
whole	O
church	O
here	O
use	O
his	O
home	O
.	O


He	O
sends	O
his	O
greetings	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Erastus	O
and	O
our	O
brother	O
Quartus	O
also	O
send	O
their	O
greetings	O
.	O


Erastus	O
is	O
the	O
city	O
treasurer	O
here	O
.	O


Praise	O
God	O
!	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
can	O
make	O
you	O
strong	O
in	O
faith	O
.	O


He	O
can	O
use	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
that	O
I	O
teach	O
to	O
make	O
you	O
strong	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
message	O
about	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
that	O
I	O
tell	O
people	O
.	O


That	O
message	O
is	O
the	O
secret	O
truth	O
that	O
was	O
hidden	O
for	O
ages	O
and	O
ages	O
but	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
known	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
now	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
made	O
known	O
by	O
what	O
the	O
prophets	O
wrote	O
,	O
as	O
God	O
commanded	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
has	O
now	O
been	O
made	O
known	O
to	O
all	O
people	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
believe	O
and	O
obey	O
God	O
,	O
who	O
lives	O
forever	O
.	O


Glory	O
forever	O
to	O
the	O
only	O
wise	O
God	O
through	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Amen	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Paul	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
chosen	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
apostle	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


God	O
chose	O
me	O
because	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
he	O
wanted	O
.	O


Greetings	O
also	O
from	O
Sosthenes	O
,	O
our	O
brother	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


To	O
God	O
's	O
church	O
in	O
Corinth	O
,	O
you	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
holy	O
because	O
you	O
belong	O
to	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
chosen	O
to	O
be	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
together	O
with	O
all	O
people	O
everywhere	O
who	O
trust	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
--	O
their	O
Lord	O
and	O
ours	O
.	O


Grace	O
and	O
peace	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
God	O
our	O
Father	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
always	O
thank	O
my	O
God	O
for	O
you	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
grace	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
given	O
you	O
through	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


In	O
him	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
blessed	O
in	O
every	O
way	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
been	O
blessed	O
in	O
all	O
your	O
speaking	O
and	O
all	O
your	O
knowledge	O
.	O


This	O
proves	O
that	O
what	O
we	O
told	O
you	O
about	O
Christ	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


Now	O
you	O
have	O
every	O
gift	O
from	O
God	O
while	O
you	O
wait	O
for	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
to	O
come	O
again	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
keep	O
you	O
strong	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
so	O
that	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
comes	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
free	O
from	O
all	O
blame	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
faithful	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
chosen	O
you	O
to	O
share	O
life	O
with	O
his	O
Son	O
,	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
our	O
Lord	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
authority	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
,	O
I	O
beg	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
to	O
agree	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
different	O
groups	O
.	O


Be	O
completely	O
joined	O
together	O
again	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
kind	O
of	O
thinking	O
and	O
the	O
same	O
purpose	O
.	O


My	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
some	O
members	O
of	O
Chloe	O
's	O
family	O
told	O
me	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
arguments	O
among	O
you	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O
:	O
One	O
of	O
you	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
follow	O
Paul	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
someone	O
else	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
follow	O
Apollos	O
.	O
''	O


Another	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
follow	O
Peter	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
someone	O
else	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
follow	O
Christ	O
.	O
''	O


Christ	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
different	O
groups	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
n't	O
Paul	O
who	O
died	O
on	O
the	O
cross	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
was	O
it	O
?	O


Were	O
you	O
baptized	O
in	O
Paul	O
's	O
name	O
?	O


I	O
am	O
thankful	O
that	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
baptize	O
any	O
of	O
you	O
except	O
Crispus	O
and	O
Gaius	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
thankful	O
because	O
now	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
say	O
that	O
you	O
were	O
baptized	O
in	O
my	O
name	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
I	O
also	O
baptized	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Stephanas	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
remember	O
that	O
I	O
myself	O
baptized	O
any	O
others	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Christ	O
did	O
not	O
give	O
me	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
baptizing	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
me	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
telling	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
sent	O
me	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
without	O
using	O
clever	O
speech	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
take	O
away	O
the	O
power	O
that	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
cross	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


The	O
teaching	O
about	O
the	O
cross	O
seems	O
foolish	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
lost	O
.	O


But	O
to	O
us	O
who	O
are	O
being	O
saved	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
destroy	O
the	O
wisdom	O
of	O
the	O
wise	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
confuse	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
intelligent	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
what	O
does	O
this	O
say	O
about	O
the	O
philosopher	O
,	O
the	O
law	O
expert	O
,	O
or	O
anyone	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
who	O
is	O
skilled	O
in	O
making	O
clever	O
arguments	O
?	O


God	O
has	O
made	O
the	O
wisdom	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
look	O
foolish	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
in	O
his	O
wisdom	O
decided	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
world	O
did	O
not	O
find	O
him	O
through	O
its	O
own	O
wisdom	O
,	O
he	O
used	O
the	O
message	O
that	O
sounds	O
foolish	O
to	O
save	O
those	O
who	O
believe	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
Jews	O
ask	O
for	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Greeks	O
want	O
wisdom	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
message	O
we	O
tell	O
everyone	O
:	O


Christ	O
was	O
killed	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O


This	O
message	O
is	O
a	O
problem	O
for	O
Jews	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
other	O
people	O
it	O
is	O
nonsense	O
.	O


But	O
Christ	O
is	O
God	O
's	O
power	O
and	O
wisdom	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
God	O
has	O
chosen	O
,	O
both	O
Jews	O
and	O
Greeks	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
foolishness	O
of	O
God	O
is	O
wiser	O
than	O
human	O
wisdom	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
weakness	O
of	O
God	O
is	O
stronger	O
than	O
human	O
strength	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
God	O
chose	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
.	O


Think	O
about	O
that	O
!	O


Not	O
many	O
of	O
you	O
were	O
wise	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
world	O
judges	O
wisdom	O
.	O


Not	O
many	O
of	O
you	O
had	O
great	O
influence	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
many	O
of	O
you	O
came	O
from	O
important	O
families	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
chose	O
the	O
foolish	O
things	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
shame	O
the	O
wise	O
.	O


He	O
chose	O
the	O
weak	O
things	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
shame	O
the	O
strong	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
chose	O
what	O
the	O
world	O
thinks	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
--	O
what	O
the	O
world	O
hates	O
and	O
thinks	O
is	O
nothing	O
.	O


He	O
chose	O
these	O
to	O
destroy	O
what	O
the	O
world	O
thinks	O
is	O
important	O
.	O


God	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
stand	O
before	O
him	O
and	O
boast	O
about	O
anything	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
God	O
who	O
has	O
made	O
you	O
part	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


And	O
Christ	O
has	O
become	O
for	O
us	O
wisdom	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
reason	O
we	O
are	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
and	O
pure	O
enough	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
his	O
presence	O
.	O


Christ	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
set	O
us	O
free	O
from	O
sin	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Whoever	O
boasts	O
should	O
boast	O
only	O
about	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O
''	O


Dear	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
when	O
I	O
came	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
the	O
secret	O
truth	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
use	O
fancy	O
words	O
or	O
great	O
wisdom	O
.	O


I	O
decided	O
that	O
while	O
I	O
was	O
with	O
you	O
I	O
would	O
forget	O
about	O
everything	O
except	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
and	O
his	O
death	O
on	O
the	O
cross	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
came	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
weak	O
and	O
shook	O
with	O
fear	O
.	O


My	O
teaching	O
and	O
my	O
speaking	O
were	O
not	O
with	O
wise	O
words	O
that	O
persuade	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
proof	O
of	O
my	O
teaching	O
was	O
the	O
power	O
that	O
the	O
Spirit	O
gives	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
your	O
faith	O
would	O
be	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
power	O
,	O
not	O
in	O
human	O
wisdom	O
.	O


We	O
teach	O
wisdom	O
to	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
mature	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
wisdom	O
we	O
teach	O
is	O
not	O
from	O
this	O
world	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
wisdom	O
of	O
the	O
rulers	O
of	O
this	O
world	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
losing	O
their	O
power	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
speak	O
God	O
's	O
secret	O
wisdom	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
hidden	O
from	O
everyone	O
until	O
now	O
.	O


God	O
planned	O
this	O
wisdom	O
for	O
our	O
glory	O
.	O


He	O
planned	O
it	O
before	O
the	O
world	O
began	O
.	O


None	O
of	O
the	O
rulers	O
of	O
this	O
world	O
understood	O
this	O
wisdom	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
had	O
understood	O
it	O
,	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
killed	O
our	O
great	O
and	O
glorious	O
Lord	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
No	O
one	O
has	O
ever	O
seen	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
has	O
ever	O
heard	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
has	O
ever	O
imagined	O
what	O
God	O
has	O
prepared	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
love	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
God	O
has	O
shown	O
us	O
these	O
things	O
through	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
knows	O
all	O
things	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
even	O
knows	O
the	O
deep	O
secrets	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
like	O
this	O
:	O
No	O
one	O
knows	O
the	O
thoughts	O
that	O
another	O
person	O
has	O
.	O


Only	O
the	O
person	O
's	O
spirit	O
that	O
lives	O
inside	O
knows	O
those	O
thoughts	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
knows	O
God	O
's	O
thoughts	O
except	O
God	O
's	O
Spirit	O
.	O


We	O
received	O
the	O
Spirit	O
that	O
is	O
from	O
God	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


We	O
received	O
God	O
's	O
Spirit	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
know	O
all	O
that	O
God	O
has	O
given	O
us	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
say	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
use	O
words	O
taught	O
to	O
us	O
by	O
human	O
wisdom	O
.	O


We	O
use	O
words	O
taught	O
to	O
us	O
by	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


We	O
use	O
the	O
Spirit	O
's	O
words	O
to	O
explain	O
spiritual	O
truths	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
God	O
's	O
Spirit	O
do	O
not	O
accept	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
come	O
from	O
his	O
Spirit	O
.	O


They	O
think	O
these	O
things	O
are	O
foolish	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
not	O
understand	O
them	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
understood	O
with	O
the	O
Spirit	O
's	O
help	O
.	O


We	O
who	O
have	O
the	O
Spirit	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
judgments	O
about	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


But	O
anyone	O
without	O
the	O
Spirit	O
is	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
proper	O
judgments	O
about	O
us	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
can	O
know	O
what	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
mind	O
?	O


Who	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
give	O
him	O
advice	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
we	O
have	O
been	O
given	O
Christ	O
's	O
way	O
of	O
thinking	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
there	O
,	O
I	O
could	O
not	O
talk	O
to	O
you	O
the	O
way	O
I	O
talk	O
to	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
led	O
by	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
you	O
like	O
ordinary	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
like	O
babies	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
teaching	O
I	O
gave	O
you	O
was	O
like	O
milk	O
,	O
not	O
solid	O
food	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
this	O
because	O
you	O
were	O
not	O
ready	O
for	O
solid	O
food	O
.	O


And	O
even	O
now	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
ready	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
still	O
not	O
following	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
jealous	O
of	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
always	O
arguing	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


This	O
shows	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
still	O
following	O
your	O
own	O
selfish	O
desires	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
acting	O
like	O
ordinary	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
you	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
follow	O
Paul	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
someone	O
else	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
follow	O
Apollos	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
you	O
say	O
things	O
like	O
that	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
acting	O
like	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Is	O
Apollos	O
so	O
important	O
?	O


Is	O
Paul	O
so	O
important	O
?	O


We	O
are	O
only	O
servants	O
of	O
God	O
who	O
helped	O
you	O
believe	O
.	O


Each	O
one	O
of	O
us	O
did	O
the	O
work	O
God	O
gave	O
us	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
planted	O
the	O
seed	O
and	O
Apollos	O
watered	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
made	O
the	O
seed	O
grow	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
plants	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
waters	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
.	O


Only	O
God	O
is	O
important	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
makes	O
things	O
grow	O
.	O


The	O
one	O
who	O
plants	O
and	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
waters	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
purpose	O
.	O


And	O
each	O
one	O
will	O
be	O
rewarded	O
for	O
his	O
own	O
work	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
workers	O
together	O
for	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
like	O
a	O
farm	O
that	O
belongs	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
house	O
that	O
belongs	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Like	O
an	O
expert	O
builder	O
I	O
built	O
the	O
foundation	O
of	O
that	O
house	O
.	O


I	O
used	O
the	O
gift	O
that	O
God	O
gave	O
me	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


Other	O
people	O
are	O
building	O
on	O
that	O
foundation	O
.	O


But	O
everyone	O
should	O
be	O
careful	O
how	O
they	O
build	O
.	O


The	O
foundation	O
that	O
has	O
already	O
been	O
built	O
is	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
build	O
any	O
other	O
foundation	O
.	O


People	O
can	O
build	O
on	O
that	O
foundation	O
using	O
gold	O
,	O
silver	O
,	O
jewels	O
,	O
wood	O
,	O
grass	O
,	O
or	O
straw	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
work	O
that	O
each	O
person	O
does	O
will	O
be	O
clearly	O
seen	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
Day	O
will	O
make	O
it	O
plain	O
.	O


That	O
Day	O
will	O
appear	O
with	O
fire	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
fire	O
will	O
test	O
everyone	O
's	O
work	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
building	O
they	O
put	O
on	O
the	O
foundation	O
still	O
stands	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
get	O
their	O
reward	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
their	O
building	O
is	O
burned	O
up	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
suffer	O
loss	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
saved	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
like	O
someone	O
escaping	O
from	O
a	O
fire	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
yourselves	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
temple	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
Spirit	O
lives	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
destroy	O
God	O
's	O
temple	O
,	O
God	O
will	O
destroy	O
you	O
,	O
because	O
God	O
's	O
temple	O
is	O
holy	O
.	O


You	O
yourselves	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
temple	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
fool	O
yourselves	O
.	O


Whoever	O
thinks	O
they	O
are	O
wise	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
should	O
become	O
a	O
fool	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
wise	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
the	O
wisdom	O
of	O
this	O
world	O
is	O
foolishness	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
catches	O
those	O
who	O
think	O
they	O
are	O
wise	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
clever	O
traps	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
also	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Lord	O
knows	O
the	O
thoughts	O
of	O
the	O
wise	O
.	O


He	O
knows	O
that	O
their	O
thoughts	O
are	O
worth	O
nothing	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
there	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
person	O
on	O
earth	O
that	O
any	O
of	O
you	O
should	O
be	O
boasting	O
about	O
.	O


Everything	O
is	O
yours	O
:	O
Paul	O
,	O
Apollos	O
,	O
Peter	O
,	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
life	O
,	O
death	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
future	O
--	O
all	O
these	O
are	O
yours	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
belong	O
to	O
Christ	O
,	O
and	O
Christ	O
belongs	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
think	O
of	O
us	O
as	O
servants	O
of	O
Christ	O
,	O
the	O
ones	O
God	O
has	O
trusted	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
making	O
known	O
his	O
secret	O
truths	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
are	O
trusted	O
with	O
such	O
an	O
important	O
work	O
must	O
show	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
worthy	O
of	O
that	O
trust	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
consider	O
your	O
judgment	O
on	O
this	O
point	O
to	O
be	O
worth	O
anything	O
.	O


Even	O
an	O
opinion	O
from	O
a	O
court	O
of	O
law	O
would	O
mean	O
nothing	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
trust	O
my	O
own	O
judgment	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
of	O
any	O
wrong	O
I	O
have	O
done	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
make	O
me	O
right	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
must	O
decide	O
if	O
I	O
have	O
done	O
well	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
n't	O
judge	O
anyone	O
now	O
.	O


The	O
time	O
for	O
judging	O
will	O
be	O
when	O
the	O
Lord	O
comes	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
shine	O
light	O
on	O
everything	O
that	O
is	O
now	O
hidden	O
in	O
darkness	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
make	O
known	O
the	O
secret	O
purposes	O
of	O
our	O
hearts	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
praise	O
each	O
person	O
should	O
get	O
will	O
come	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
used	O
Apollos	O
and	O
myself	O
as	O
examples	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
could	O
learn	O
from	O
us	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
the	O
words	O
,	O
``	O
Follow	O
what	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
brag	O
about	O
one	O
person	O
and	O
criticize	O
another	O
.	O


Who	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
are	O
?	O


Everything	O
you	O
have	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
if	O
everything	O
you	O
have	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
act	O
as	O
if	O
you	O
got	O
it	O
all	O
by	O
your	O
own	O
power	O
?	O


You	O
think	O
you	O
have	O
everything	O
you	O
need	O
.	O


You	O
think	O
you	O
are	O
rich	O
.	O


You	O
think	O
you	O
have	O
become	O
kings	O
without	O
us	O
.	O


I	O
wish	O
you	O
really	O
were	O
kings	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
could	O
rule	O
together	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
seems	O
to	O
me	O
that	O
God	O
has	O
given	O
me	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
apostles	O
the	O
last	O
place	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
like	O
prisoners	O
condemned	O
to	O
die	O
,	O
led	O
in	O
a	O
parade	O
for	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
to	O
see	O
--	O
not	O
just	O
people	O
but	O
angels	O
too	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
fools	O
for	O
Christ	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
are	O
so	O
wise	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
weak	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
are	O
so	O
strong	O
.	O


People	O
give	O
you	O
honor	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
honor	O
us	O
.	O


Even	O
now	O
we	O
still	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
enough	O
to	O
eat	O
or	O
drink	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
enough	O
clothes	O
.	O


We	O
often	O
get	O
beatings	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
no	O
homes	O
.	O


We	O
work	O
hard	O
with	O
our	O
own	O
hands	O
to	O
feed	O
ourselves	O
.	O


When	O
people	O
insult	O
us	O
,	O
we	O
ask	O
God	O
to	O
bless	O
them	O
.	O


When	O
people	O
treat	O
us	O
badly	O
,	O
we	O
accept	O
it	O
.	O


When	O
people	O
say	O
bad	O
things	O
about	O
us	O
,	O
we	O
try	O
to	O
say	O
something	O
that	O
will	O
help	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
people	O
still	O
treat	O
us	O
like	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
garbage	O
--	O
everyone	O
's	O
trash	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
you	O
feel	O
ashamed	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
am	O
writing	O
this	O
to	O
counsel	O
you	O
as	O
my	O
own	O
dear	O
children	O
.	O


You	O
may	O
have	O
ten	O
thousand	O
teachers	O
in	O
Christ	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
many	O
fathers	O
.	O


Through	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
I	O
became	O
your	O
father	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
beg	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
me	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
am	O
sending	O
Timothy	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
my	O
son	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


I	O
love	O
him	O
and	O
trust	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
help	O
you	O
remember	O
the	O
way	O
I	O
live	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
--	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
life	O
that	O
I	O
teach	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
churches	O
everywhere	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
you	O
are	O
acting	O
so	O
proud	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
as	O
though	O
you	O
think	O
I	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
coming	O
there	O
again	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
very	O
soon	O
,	O
the	O
Lord	O
willing	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
will	O
see	O
if	O
these	O
proud	O
talkers	O
have	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
more	O
than	O
talk	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
is	O
not	O
seen	O
in	O
talk	O
but	O
in	O
power	O
.	O


Which	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
:	O
that	O
I	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
with	O
punishment	O
,	O
or	O
that	O
I	O
come	O
with	O
love	O
and	O
gentleness	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
believe	O
what	O
I	O
am	O
hearing	O
--	O


that	O
there	O
is	O
sexual	O
sin	O
among	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
is	O
such	O
a	O
bad	O
kind	O
of	O
sexual	O
sin	O
that	O
even	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
never	O
known	O
God	O
do	O
n't	O
allow	O
it	O
.	O


People	O
say	O
that	O
a	O
man	O
there	O
has	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
wife	O
.	O


And	O
still	O
you	O
are	O
proud	O
of	O
yourselves	O
!	O


You	O
should	O
have	O
been	O
filled	O
with	O
sadness	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
committed	O
that	O
sin	O
should	O
be	O
put	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
group	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
there	O
with	O
you	O
in	O
person	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
am	O
with	O
you	O
in	O
spirit	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
have	O
already	O
judged	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
did	O
this	O
.	O


I	O
judged	O
him	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
I	O
would	O
if	O
I	O
were	O
really	O
there	O
.	O


Come	O
together	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
in	O
spirit	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


Then	O
turn	O
this	O
man	O
over	O
to	O
Satan	O
.	O


His	O
sinful	O
self	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
destroyed	O
so	O
that	O
his	O
spirit	O
will	O
be	O
saved	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
the	O
Lord	O
comes	O
again	O
.	O


Your	O
proud	O
talk	O
is	O
not	O
good	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
the	O
saying	O
,	O
``	O
Just	O
a	O
little	O
yeast	O
makes	O
the	O
whole	O
batch	O
of	O
dough	O
rise	O
.	O
''	O


Take	O
out	O
all	O
the	O
old	O
yeast	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
new	O
batch	O
of	O
dough	O
.	O


You	O
really	O
are	O
bread	O
without	O
yeast	O
--	O
Passover	O
bread	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
Christ	O
our	O
Passover	O
Lamb	O
has	O
already	O
been	O
killed	O
.	O


So	O
let	O
us	O
eat	O
our	O
Passover	O
meal	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
the	O
bread	O
that	O
has	O
the	O
old	O
yeast	O
,	O
the	O
yeast	O
of	O
sin	O
and	O
wrongdoing	O
.	O


But	O
let	O
us	O
eat	O
the	O
bread	O
that	O
has	O
no	O
yeast	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
bread	O
of	O
goodness	O
and	O
truth	O
.	O


I	O
wrote	O
to	O
you	O
in	O
my	O
letter	O
that	O
you	O
should	O
not	O
associate	O
with	O
people	O
who	O
sin	O
sexually	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
mean	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
this	O
world	O
.	O


You	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
get	O
away	O
from	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
sin	O
sexually	O
,	O
or	O
who	O
are	O
greedy	O
and	O
cheat	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
or	O
who	O
worship	O
idols	O
.	O


I	O
meant	O
you	O
must	O
not	O
associate	O
with	O
people	O
who	O
claim	O
to	O
be	O
believers	O
but	O
continue	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
sin	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
even	O
eat	O
with	O
a	O
brother	O
or	O
sister	O
who	O
sins	O
sexually	O
,	O
is	O
greedy	O
,	O
worships	O
idols	O
,	O
abuses	O
others	O
with	O
insults	O
,	O
gets	O
drunk	O
,	O
or	O
cheats	O
people	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
my	O
business	O
to	O
judge	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
believers	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
judge	O
them	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
must	O
judge	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
part	O
of	O
your	O
group	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Make	O
the	O
evil	O
person	O
leave	O
your	O
group	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
has	O
something	O
against	O
someone	O
else	O
in	O
your	O
group	O
,	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
judges	O
in	O
the	O
law	O
courts	O
?	O


The	O
way	O
they	O
think	O
and	O
live	O
is	O
wrong	O
.	O


So	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
let	O
them	O
decide	O
who	O
is	O
right	O
?	O


Why	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
let	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
decide	O
who	O
is	O
right	O
?	O


Do	O
n't	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
will	O
judge	O
the	O
world	O
?	O


So	O
if	O
you	O
will	O
judge	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
then	O
surely	O
you	O
can	O
judge	O
small	O
arguments	O
like	O
this	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
we	O
will	O
judge	O
angels	O
.	O


So	O
surely	O
we	O
can	O
judge	O
life	O
's	O
ordinary	O
problems	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
such	O
matters	O
to	O
be	O
judged	O
,	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
take	O
them	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
?	O


They	O
mean	O
nothing	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
to	O
shame	O
you	O
.	O


Surely	O
there	O
is	O
someone	O
in	O
your	O
group	O
wise	O
enough	O
to	O
judge	O
a	O
complaint	O
between	O
two	O
believers	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
one	O
believer	O
goes	O
to	O
court	O
against	O
another	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
let	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
believers	O
judge	O
their	O
case	O
!	O


The	O
lawsuits	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
against	O
each	O
other	O
show	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
already	O
defeated	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
let	O
someone	O
wrong	O
you	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
to	O
let	O
someone	O
cheat	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
doing	O
wrong	O
and	O
cheating	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
do	O
this	O
to	O
your	O
own	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
in	O
Christ	O
!	O


Surely	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
wrong	O
will	O
not	O
get	O
to	O
enjoy	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
fooled	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
will	O
not	O
get	O
to	O
enjoy	O
his	O
kingdom	O
:	O
those	O
who	O
sin	O
sexually	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
worship	O
idols	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
commit	O
adultery	O
,	O
men	O
who	O
let	O
other	O
men	O
use	O
them	O
for	O
sex	O
or	O
who	O
have	O
sex	O
with	O
other	O
men	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
steal	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
greedy	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
drink	O
too	O
much	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
abuse	O
others	O
with	O
insults	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
cheat	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
some	O
of	O
you	O
were	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
were	O
washed	O
clean	O
,	O
you	O
were	O
made	O
holy	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
were	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
Spirit	O
of	O
our	O
God	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
am	O
allowed	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
,	O
''	O
you	O
say	O
.	O


My	O
answer	O
to	O
this	O
is	O
that	O
not	O
all	O
things	O
are	O
good	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
true	O
that	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
allowed	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
,	O
''	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
let	O
anything	O
control	O
me	O
like	O
a	O
slave	O
.	O


Someone	O
else	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
Food	O
is	O
for	O
the	O
stomach	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
stomach	O
for	O
food	O
.	O
''	O


Yes	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
will	O
destroy	O
them	O
both	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
body	O
is	O
not	O
for	O
sexual	O
sin	O
.	O


The	O
body	O
is	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
is	O
for	O
the	O
body	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
will	O
raise	O
our	O
bodies	O
from	O
death	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
power	O
he	O
used	O
to	O
raise	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Surely	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
your	O
bodies	O
are	O
parts	O
of	O
Christ	O
himself	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
must	O
never	O
take	O
what	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
Christ	O
and	O
join	O
it	O
to	O
a	O
prostitute	O
!	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
two	O
people	O
will	O
become	O
one	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
you	O
should	O
know	O
that	O
anyone	O
who	O
is	O
joined	O
with	O
a	O
prostitute	O
becomes	O
one	O
with	O
her	O
in	O
body	O
.	O


But	O
anyone	O
who	O
is	O
joined	O
with	O
the	O
Lord	O
is	O
one	O
with	O
him	O
in	O
spirit	O
.	O


So	O
run	O
away	O
from	O
sexual	O
sin	O
.	O


It	O
involves	O
the	O
body	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
no	O
other	O
sin	O
does	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
you	O
commit	O
sexual	O
sin	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
sinning	O
against	O
your	O
own	O
body	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
know	O
that	O
your	O
body	O
is	O
a	O
temple	O
for	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
that	O
you	O
received	O
from	O
God	O
and	O
that	O
lives	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
own	O
yourselves	O
.	O


God	O
paid	O
a	O
very	O
high	O
price	O
to	O
make	O
you	O
his	O
.	O


So	O
honor	O
God	O
with	O
your	O
body	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
will	O
discuss	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
wrote	O
me	O
about	O
.	O


You	O
asked	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
better	O
for	O
a	O
man	O
not	O
to	O
have	O
any	O
sexual	O
relations	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


But	O
sexual	O
sin	O
is	O
a	O
danger	O
,	O
so	O
each	O
man	O
should	O
enjoy	O
his	O
own	O
wife	O
,	O
and	O
each	O
woman	O
should	O
enjoy	O
her	O
own	O
husband	O
.	O


The	O
husband	O
should	O
give	O
his	O
wife	O
what	O
she	O
deserves	O
as	O
his	O
wife	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
wife	O
should	O
give	O
her	O
husband	O
what	O
he	O
deserves	O
as	O
her	O
husband	O
.	O


The	O
wife	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
power	O
over	O
her	O
own	O
body	O
.	O


Her	O
husband	O
has	O
the	O
power	O
over	O
her	O
body	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
husband	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
power	O
over	O
his	O
own	O
body	O
.	O


His	O
wife	O
has	O
the	O
power	O
over	O
his	O
body	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
refuse	O
to	O
give	O
your	O
bodies	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
might	O
both	O
agree	O
to	O
stay	O
away	O
from	O
sex	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
give	O
your	O
time	O
to	O
prayer	O
.	O


Then	O
come	O
together	O
again	O
so	O
that	O
Satan	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
tempt	O
you	O
in	O
your	O
weakness	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
only	O
to	O
give	O
you	O
permission	O
to	O
be	O
separated	O
for	O
a	O
time	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
rule	O
.	O


I	O
wish	O
everyone	O
could	O
be	O
like	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
has	O
given	O
each	O
person	O
a	O
different	O
ability	O
.	O


He	O
makes	O
some	O
able	O
to	O
live	O
one	O
way	O
,	O
others	O
to	O
live	O
a	O
different	O
way	O
.	O


Now	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
married	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
widows	O
I	O
say	O
this	O
:	O
It	O
is	O
good	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
stay	O
single	O
like	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
control	O
your	O
body	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
should	O
marry	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
better	O
to	O
marry	O
than	O
to	O
burn	O
with	O
sexual	O
desire	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
command	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
married	O
.	O


Actually	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
from	O
me	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
Lord	O
commanded	O
.	O


A	O
wife	O
should	O
not	O
leave	O
her	O
husband	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
a	O
wife	O
does	O
leave	O
,	O
she	O
should	O
remain	O
single	O
or	O
get	O
back	O
together	O
with	O
her	O
husband	O
.	O


And	O
a	O
husband	O
should	O
not	O
divorce	O
his	O
wife	O
.	O


The	O
advice	O
I	O
have	O
for	O
the	O
others	O
is	O
from	O
me	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
did	O
not	O
give	O
us	O
any	O
teaching	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
wife	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
believer	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
not	O
divorce	O
her	O
if	O
she	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
live	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
husband	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
believer	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
not	O
divorce	O
him	O
if	O
he	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
live	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
husband	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
believer	O
is	O
set	O
apart	O
for	O
God	O
through	O
his	O
believing	O
wife	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
wife	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
believer	O
is	O
set	O
apart	O
for	O
God	O
through	O
her	O
believing	O
husband	O
.	O


If	O
this	O
were	O
not	O
true	O
,	O
your	O
children	O
would	O
be	O
unfit	O
for	O
God	O
's	O
use	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
they	O
are	O
set	O
apart	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
the	O
husband	O
or	O
wife	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
believer	O
decides	O
to	O
leave	O
,	O
let	O
them	O
leave	O
.	O


When	O
this	O
happens	O
,	O
the	O
brother	O
or	O
sister	O
in	O
Christ	O
is	O
free	O
.	O


God	O
chose	O
you	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
life	O
of	O
peace	O
.	O


Wives	O
,	O
maybe	O
you	O
will	O
save	O
your	O
husband	O
;	O
and	O
husbands	O
,	O
maybe	O
you	O
will	O
save	O
your	O
wife	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
now	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
later	O
.	O


But	O
each	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
should	O
continue	O
to	O
live	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
Lord	O
God	O
has	O
given	O
you	O
to	O
live	O
--	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
were	O
when	O
God	O
chose	O
you	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
rule	O
I	O
make	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
churches	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
man	O
was	O
already	O
circumcised	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
chosen	O
,	O
he	O
should	O
not	O
change	O
his	O
circumcision	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
man	O
was	O
without	O
circumcision	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
chosen	O
,	O
he	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
circumcised	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
if	O
anyone	O
is	O
circumcised	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
important	O
is	O
obeying	O
God	O
's	O
commands	O
.	O


Each	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
should	O
stay	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
were	O
when	O
God	O
chose	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
were	O
a	O
slave	O
when	O
God	O
chose	O
you	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
let	O
that	O
bother	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
free	O
,	O
then	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
were	O
a	O
slave	O
when	O
the	O
Lord	O
chose	O
you	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
now	O
free	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


You	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
were	O
free	O
when	O
you	O
were	O
chosen	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
now	O
Christ	O
's	O
slave	O
.	O


God	O
paid	O
a	O
high	O
price	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
so	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
slaves	O
to	O
anyone	O
else	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
in	O
your	O
new	O
life	O
with	O
God	O
,	O
each	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
should	O
continue	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
were	O
when	O
God	O
chose	O
you	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
write	O
about	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
married	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
no	O
command	O
from	O
the	O
Lord	O
about	O
this	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
give	O
my	O
opinion	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
can	O
be	O
trusted	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
Lord	O
has	O
given	O
me	O
mercy	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
trouble	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
good	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
stay	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
are	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
wife	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
try	O
to	O
get	O
free	O
from	O
her	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
married	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
try	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
wife	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
decide	O
to	O
marry	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
sin	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
sin	O
for	O
a	O
girl	O
who	O
has	O
never	O
married	O
to	O
get	O
married	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
marry	O
will	O
have	O
trouble	O
in	O
this	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
free	O
from	O
this	O
trouble	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O
:	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
much	O
time	O
left	O
.	O


So	O
starting	O
now	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
wives	O
should	O
be	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
.	O


It	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
important	O
whether	O
you	O
are	O
sad	O
or	O
whether	O
you	O
are	O
happy	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
buy	O
something	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
not	O
matter	O
to	O
you	O
that	O
you	O
own	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
use	O
the	O
things	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
without	O
letting	O
them	O
become	O
important	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
how	O
you	O
should	O
live	O
,	O
because	O
this	O
world	O
,	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
,	O
will	O
soon	O
be	O
gone	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
free	O
from	O
worry	O
.	O


A	O
man	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
married	O
is	O
busy	O
with	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
work	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
please	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


But	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
is	O
married	O
is	O
busy	O
with	O
things	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
please	O
his	O
wife	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
think	O
about	O
two	O
things	O
--	O
pleasing	O
his	O
wife	O
and	O
pleasing	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


A	O
woman	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
married	O
or	O
a	O
girl	O
who	O
has	O
never	O
married	O
is	O
busy	O
with	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
work	O
.	O


She	O
wants	O
to	O
give	O
herself	O
fully	O
--	O
body	O
and	O
spirit	O
--	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


But	O
a	O
married	O
woman	O
is	O
busy	O
with	O
things	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
please	O
her	O
husband	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
saying	O
this	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
trying	O
to	O
limit	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
give	O
yourselves	O
fully	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
without	O
giving	O
your	O
time	O
to	O
other	O
things	O
.	O


A	O
man	O
might	O
think	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
doing	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
with	O
his	O
fiancee	O
.	O


She	O
might	O
be	O
almost	O
past	O
the	O
best	O
age	O
to	O
marry	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
might	O
feel	O
that	O
he	O
should	O
marry	O
her	O
.	O


He	O
should	O
do	O
what	O
he	O
wants	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
no	O
sin	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
get	O
married	O
.	O


But	O
another	O
man	O
might	O
be	O
more	O
sure	O
in	O
his	O
mind	O
.	O


There	O
may	O
be	O
no	O
need	O
for	O
marriage	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
is	O
free	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
he	O
wants	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
has	O
decided	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
heart	O
not	O
to	O
marry	O
his	O
fiancee	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
doing	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
marries	O
his	O
fiancee	O
does	O
right	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
marry	O
does	O
better	O
.	O


A	O
woman	O
should	O
stay	O
with	O
her	O
husband	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
he	O
lives	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
the	O
husband	O
dies	O
,	O
the	O
woman	O
is	O
free	O
to	O
marry	O
any	O
man	O
she	O
wants	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
should	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


The	O
woman	O
is	O
happier	O
if	O
she	O
does	O
not	O
marry	O
again	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
my	O
opinion	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
believe	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
God	O
's	O
Spirit	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
will	O
write	O
about	O
meat	O
that	O
is	O
sacrificed	O
to	O
idols	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
``	O
we	O
all	O
have	O
knowledge	O
,	O
''	O
as	O
you	O
say	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
knowledge	O
puffs	O
a	O
person	O
up	O
with	O
pride	O
,	O
while	O
love	O
helps	O
the	O
church	O
grow	O
stronger	O
.	O


Whoever	O
thinks	O
they	O
know	O
something	O
does	O
not	O
yet	O
know	O
anything	O
as	O
they	O
should	O
.	O


But	O
whoever	O
loves	O
God	O
is	O
known	O
by	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
say	O
about	O
eating	O
meat	O
:	O
We	O
know	O
that	O
an	O
idol	O
is	O
really	O
nothing	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
only	O
one	O
God	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
really	O
not	O
important	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
things	O
called	O
gods	O
in	O
heaven	O
or	O
on	O
earth	O
--	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
``	O


gods	O
''	O
and	O
``	O
lords	O
''	O
out	O
there	O
.	O


For	O
us	O
there	O
is	O
only	O
one	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
our	O
Father	O
.	O


All	O
things	O
came	O
from	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
live	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
there	O
is	O
only	O
one	O
Lord	O
,	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


All	O
things	O
were	O
made	O
through	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
also	O
have	O
life	O
through	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
not	O
all	O
people	O
know	O
this	O
.	O


Some	O
have	O
had	O
the	O
habit	O
of	O
worshiping	O
idols	O
.	O


So	O
now	O
when	O
they	O
eat	O
meat	O
,	O
they	O
still	O
feel	O
as	O
if	O
it	O
belongs	O
to	O
an	O
idol	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
not	O
sure	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
right	O
to	O
eat	O
this	O
meat	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
they	O
eat	O
it	O
,	O
they	O
feel	O
guilty	O
.	O


But	O
food	O
will	O
not	O
bring	O
us	O
closer	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Refusing	O
to	O
eat	O
does	O
not	O
make	O
us	O
less	O
pleasing	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
eating	O
does	O
not	O
make	O
us	O
closer	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
be	O
careful	O
with	O
your	O
freedom	O
.	O


Your	O
freedom	O
to	O
eat	O
anything	O
may	O
make	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
doubts	O
about	O
what	O
they	O
can	O
eat	O
fall	O
into	O
sin	O
.	O


You	O
understand	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
right	O
to	O
eat	O
anything	O
,	O
so	O
you	O
can	O
eat	O
even	O
in	O
an	O
idol	O
's	O
temple	O
.	O


But	O
someone	O
who	O
has	O
doubts	O
might	O
see	O
you	O
eating	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
might	O
encourage	O
them	O
to	O
eat	O
meat	O
sacrificed	O
to	O
idols	O
too	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
really	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
wrong	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
weak	O
brother	O
or	O
sister	O
--	O
someone	O
Christ	O
died	O
for	O
--	O
is	O
lost	O
because	O
of	O
your	O
better	O
understanding	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
sin	O
against	O
your	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
in	O
Christ	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
and	O
you	O
hurt	O
them	O
by	O
causing	O
them	O
to	O
do	O
things	O
they	O
feel	O
are	O
wrong	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
also	O
sinning	O
against	O
Christ	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
the	O
food	O
I	O
eat	O
makes	O
another	O
believer	O
fall	O
into	O
sin	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
never	O
eat	O
meat	O
again	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
stop	O
eating	O
meat	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
make	O
my	O
brother	O
or	O
sister	O
sin	O
.	O


Follow	O
my	O
example	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
I	O
follow	O
the	O
example	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
praise	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
remember	O
me	O
in	O
all	O
things	O
.	O


You	O
follow	O
closely	O
the	O
teachings	O
I	O
gave	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
understand	O
this	O
:	O
The	O
head	O
of	O
every	O
man	O
is	O
Christ	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
a	O
woman	O
is	O
the	O
man	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
Christ	O
is	O
God	O
.	O


Every	O
man	O
who	O
prophesies	O
or	O
prays	O
with	O
his	O
head	O
covered	O
brings	O
shame	O
to	O
his	O
head	O
.	O


But	O
every	O
woman	O
who	O
prays	O
or	O
prophesies	O
should	O
have	O
her	O
head	O
covered	O
.	O


If	O
her	O
head	O
is	O
not	O
covered	O
,	O
she	O
brings	O
shame	O
to	O
her	O
head	O
.	O


Then	O
she	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
a	O
woman	O
who	O
has	O
her	O
head	O
shaved	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
woman	O
does	O
not	O
cover	O
her	O
head	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
cutting	O
off	O
all	O
her	O
hair	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
shameful	O
for	O
a	O
woman	O
to	O
cut	O
off	O
her	O
hair	O
or	O
to	O
shave	O
her	O
head	O
.	O


So	O
she	O
should	O
cover	O
her	O
head	O
.	O


But	O
a	O
man	O
should	O
not	O
cover	O
his	O
head	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
is	O
made	O
like	O
God	O
and	O
is	O
God	O
's	O
glory	O
.	O


But	O
woman	O
is	O
man	O
's	O
glory	O
.	O


Man	O
did	O
not	O
come	O
from	O
woman	O
.	O


Woman	O
came	O
from	O
man	O
.	O


And	O
man	O
was	O
not	O
made	O
for	O
woman	O
.	O


Woman	O
was	O
made	O
for	O
man	O
.	O


So	O
that	O
is	O
why	O
a	O
woman	O
should	O
have	O
her	O
head	O
covered	O
with	O
something	O
that	O
shows	O
she	O
is	O
under	O
authority	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
she	O
should	O
do	O
this	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
angels	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
the	O
woman	O
needs	O
the	O
man	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
man	O
needs	O
the	O
woman	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
true	O
because	O
woman	O
came	O
from	O
man	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
man	O
is	O
born	O
from	O
woman	O
.	O


Really	O
,	O
everything	O
comes	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


Decide	O
this	O
for	O
yourselves	O
:	O
Is	O
it	O
right	O
for	O
a	O
woman	O
to	O
pray	O
to	O
God	O
without	O
something	O
on	O
her	O
head	O
?	O


Even	O
nature	O
itself	O
teaches	O
you	O
that	O
wearing	O
long	O
hair	O
is	O
shameful	O
for	O
a	O
man	O
.	O


But	O
wearing	O
long	O
hair	O
is	O
a	O
woman	O
's	O
honor	O
.	O


Long	O
hair	O
is	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
woman	O
to	O
cover	O
her	O
head	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
may	O
still	O
want	O
to	O
argue	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
and	O
the	O
churches	O
of	O
God	O
do	O
n't	O
accept	O
what	O
those	O
people	O
are	O
doing	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
things	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
now	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
praise	O
you	O
.	O


Your	O
meetings	O
hurt	O
you	O
more	O
than	O
they	O
help	O
you	O
.	O


First	O
,	O
I	O
hear	O
that	O
when	O
you	O
meet	O
together	O
as	O
a	O
church	O
you	O
are	O
divided	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
hard	O
to	O
believe	O
because	O
of	O
your	O
idea	O
that	O
you	O
must	O
have	O
separate	O
groups	O
to	O
show	O
who	O
the	O
real	O
believers	O
are	O
!	O


When	O
you	O
all	O
come	O
together	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
really	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
Supper	O
you	O
are	O
eating	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
when	O
you	O
eat	O
,	O
each	O
one	O
eats	O
without	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
others	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
enough	O
to	O
eat	O
or	O
drink	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
have	O
too	O
much	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
eat	O
and	O
drink	O
in	O
your	O
own	O
homes	O
.	O


It	O
seems	O
that	O
you	O
think	O
God	O
's	O
church	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
.	O


You	O
embarrass	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
poor	O
.	O


What	O
can	O
I	O
say	O
?	O


Should	O
I	O
praise	O
you	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
not	O
praise	O
you	O
for	O
this	O
.	O


The	O
teaching	O
I	O
gave	O
you	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
that	O
I	O
received	O
from	O
the	O
Lord	O
:	O
On	O
the	O
night	O
when	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
was	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
,	O
he	O
took	O
bread	O
and	O
gave	O
thanks	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
divided	O
the	O
bread	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
is	O
my	O
body	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Eat	O
this	O
to	O
remember	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
after	O
they	O
ate	O
,	O
Jesus	O
took	O
the	O
cup	O
of	O
wine	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
cup	O
represents	O
the	O
new	O
agreement	O
from	O
God	O
,	O
which	O
begins	O
with	O
my	O
blood	O
sacrifice	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
drink	O
this	O
,	O
do	O
it	O
to	O
remember	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
means	O
that	O
every	O
time	O
you	O
eat	O
this	O
bread	O
and	O
drink	O
this	O
cup	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
telling	O
others	O
about	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
death	O
until	O
he	O
comes	O
again	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
you	O
eat	O
the	O
bread	O
or	O
drink	O
the	O
cup	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
fit	O
its	O
meaning	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
sinning	O
against	O
the	O
body	O
and	O
the	O
blood	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Before	O
you	O
eat	O
the	O
bread	O
and	O
drink	O
the	O
cup	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
examine	O
your	O
own	O
attitude	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
eat	O
and	O
drink	O
without	O
paying	O
attention	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
body	O
,	O
your	O
eating	O
and	O
drinking	O
will	O
cause	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
judged	O
guilty	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
many	O
in	O
your	O
group	O
are	O
sick	O
and	O
weak	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
have	O
died	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
we	O
judged	O
ourselves	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
,	O
then	O
God	O
would	O
not	O
judge	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
Lord	O
judges	O
us	O
,	O
he	O
punishes	O
us	O
to	O
show	O
us	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
condemned	O
with	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
my	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
come	O
together	O
to	O
eat	O
,	O
wait	O
for	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


If	O
some	O
are	O
too	O
hungry	O
to	O
wait	O
,	O
they	O
should	O
eat	O
at	O
home	O
.	O


Do	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
your	O
meeting	O
together	O
will	O
not	O
bring	O
God	O
's	O
judgment	O
on	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
about	O
the	O
other	O
things	O
when	O
I	O
come	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
understand	O
about	O
spiritual	O
gifts	O
.	O


You	O
remember	O
the	O
lives	O
you	O
lived	O
before	O
you	O
were	O
believers	O
.	O


You	O
let	O
yourselves	O
be	O
influenced	O
and	O
led	O
away	O
to	O
worship	O
idols	O
--	O
things	O
that	O
have	O
no	O
life	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
speaking	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
Spirit	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
Jesus	O
be	O
cursed	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Jesus	O
is	O
Lord	O
,	O
''	O
without	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
spiritual	O
gifts	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
all	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
Spirit	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
different	O
ways	O
to	O
serve	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
serve	O
the	O
same	O
Lord	O
.	O


And	O
there	O
are	O
different	O
ways	O
that	O
God	O
works	O
in	O
people	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
God	O
who	O
works	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
to	O
do	O
everything	O
.	O


Something	O
from	O
the	O
Spirit	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
each	O
person	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
gives	O
this	O
to	O
each	O
one	O
to	O
help	O
others	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
gives	O
one	O
person	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
speak	O
with	O
wisdom	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
same	O
Spirit	O
gives	O
another	O
person	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
speak	O
with	O
knowledge	O
.	O


The	O
same	O
Spirit	O
gives	O
faith	O
to	O
one	O
person	O
and	O
to	O
another	O
he	O
gives	O
gifts	O
of	O
healing	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
gives	O
to	O
one	O
person	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
do	O
miracles	O
,	O
to	O
another	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
prophesy	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
another	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
judge	O
what	O
is	O
from	O
the	O
Spirit	O
and	O
what	O
is	O
not	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
gives	O
one	O
person	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
speak	O
in	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
languages	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
another	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
interpret	O
those	O
languages	O
.	O


One	O
Spirit	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
Spirit	O
,	O
does	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
decides	O
what	O
to	O
give	O
each	O
one	O
.	O


A	O
person	O
has	O
only	O
one	O
body	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
many	O
parts	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
parts	O
,	O
but	O
all	O
those	O
parts	O
are	O
still	O
just	O
one	O
body	O
.	O


Christ	O
is	O
like	O
that	O
too	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
us	O
are	O
Jews	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
us	O
are	O
not	O
;	O
some	O
of	O
us	O
are	O
slaves	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
us	O
are	O
free	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
were	O
all	O
baptized	O
to	O
become	O
one	O
body	O
through	O
one	O
Spirit	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
were	O
all	O
given	O
the	O
one	O
Spirit	O
.	O


And	O
a	O
person	O
's	O
body	O
has	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
part	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
many	O
parts	O
.	O


The	O
foot	O
might	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
a	O
hand	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
body	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
saying	O
this	O
would	O
not	O
stop	O
the	O
foot	O
from	O
being	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
.	O


The	O
ear	O
might	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
an	O
eye	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
body	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
saying	O
this	O
would	O
not	O
make	O
the	O
ear	O
stop	O
being	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
whole	O
body	O
were	O
an	O
eye	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
hear	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
whole	O
body	O
were	O
an	O
ear	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
smell	O
anything	O
.	O


If	O
each	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
were	O
the	O
same	O
part	O
,	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
no	O
body	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
God	O
put	O
the	O
parts	O
in	O
the	O
body	O
as	O
he	O
wanted	O
them	O
.	O


He	O
made	O
a	O
place	O
for	O
each	O
one	O
.	O


So	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
parts	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
one	O
body	O
.	O


The	O
eye	O
can	O
not	O
say	O
to	O
the	O
hand	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


And	O
the	O
head	O
can	O
not	O
say	O
to	O
the	O
foot	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


No	O
,	O
those	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
that	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
weaker	O
are	O
really	O
very	O
important	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
parts	O
that	O
we	O
think	O
are	O
not	O
worth	O
very	O
much	O
are	O
the	O
parts	O
we	O
give	O
the	O
most	O
care	O
to	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
give	O
special	O
care	O
to	O
the	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
that	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
show	O
.	O


The	O
more	O
beautiful	O
parts	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
this	O
special	O
care	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
put	O
the	O
body	O
together	O
and	O
gave	O
more	O
honor	O
to	O
the	O
parts	O
that	O
need	O
it	O
.	O


God	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
our	O
body	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
divided	O
.	O


God	O
wanted	O
the	O
different	O
parts	O
to	O
care	O
the	O
same	O
for	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


If	O
one	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
suffers	O
,	O
then	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
parts	O
suffer	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


Or	O
if	O
one	O
part	O
is	O
honored	O
,	O
then	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
parts	O
share	O
its	O
honor	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
you	O
together	O
are	O
the	O
body	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


Each	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
is	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
that	O
body	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
the	O
church	O
God	O
has	O
given	O
a	O
place	O
first	O
to	O
apostles	O
,	O
second	O
to	O
prophets	O
,	O
and	O
third	O
to	O
teachers	O
.	O


Then	O
God	O
has	O
given	O
a	O
place	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
miracles	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
gifts	O
of	O
healing	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
can	O
help	O
others	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
lead	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
can	O
speak	O
in	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
languages	O
.	O


Not	O
all	O
are	O
apostles	O
.	O


Not	O
all	O
are	O
prophets	O
.	O


Not	O
all	O
are	O
teachers	O
.	O


Not	O
all	O
do	O
miracles	O
.	O


Not	O
all	O
have	O
gifts	O
of	O
healing	O
.	O


Not	O
all	O
speak	O
in	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
languages	O
.	O


Not	O
all	O
interpret	O
those	O
languages	O
.	O


Continue	O
to	O
give	O
your	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
spiritual	O
gifts	O
you	O
consider	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
greatest	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
point	O
out	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
life	O
that	O
is	O
even	O
greater	O
.	O


I	O
may	O
speak	O
in	O
different	O
languages	O
,	O
whether	O
human	O
or	O
even	O
of	O
angels	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
love	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
only	O
a	O
noisy	O
bell	O
or	O
a	O
ringing	O
cymbal	O
.	O


I	O
may	O
have	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
prophecy	O
,	O
I	O
may	O
understand	O
all	O
secrets	O
and	O
know	O
everything	O
there	O
is	O
to	O
know	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
may	O
have	O
faith	O
so	O
great	O
that	O
I	O
can	O
move	O
mountains	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
with	O
all	O
this	O
,	O
if	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
love	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
nothing	O
.	O


I	O
may	O
give	O
away	O
everything	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
help	O
others	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
may	O
even	O
give	O
my	O
body	O
as	O
an	O
offering	O
to	O
be	O
burned	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
gain	O
nothing	O
by	O
doing	O
all	O
this	O
if	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
love	O
.	O


Love	O
is	O
patient	O
and	O
kind	O
.	O


Love	O
is	O
not	O
jealous	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
brag	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
proud	O
.	O


Love	O
is	O
not	O
rude	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
selfish	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
made	O
angry	O
easily	O
.	O


Love	O
does	O
not	O
remember	O
wrongs	O
done	O
against	O
it	O
.	O


Love	O
is	O
never	O
happy	O
when	O
others	O
do	O
wrong	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
always	O
happy	O
with	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


Love	O
never	O
gives	O
up	O
on	O
people	O
.	O


It	O
never	O
stops	O
trusting	O
,	O
never	O
loses	O
hope	O
,	O
and	O
never	O
quits	O
.	O


Love	O
will	O
never	O
end	O
.	O


But	O
all	O
those	O
gifts	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
--	O
even	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
prophecy	O
,	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
speaking	O
in	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
languages	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
knowledge	O
.	O


These	O
will	O
all	O
end	O
because	O
this	O
knowledge	O
and	O
these	O
prophecies	O
we	O
have	O
are	O
not	O
complete	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
perfection	O
comes	O
,	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
complete	O
will	O
end	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
a	O
child	O
,	O
I	O
talked	O
like	O
a	O
child	O
,	O
I	O
thought	O
like	O
a	O
child	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
made	O
plans	O
like	O
a	O
child	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
became	O
a	O
man	O
,	O
I	O
stopped	O
those	O
childish	O
ways	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


Now	O
we	O
see	O
God	O
as	O
if	O
we	O
are	O
looking	O
at	O
a	O
reflection	O
in	O
a	O
mirror	O
.	O


But	O
then	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
see	O
him	O
right	O
before	O
our	O
eyes	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
know	O
only	O
a	O
part	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
I	O
will	O
know	O
fully	O
,	O
as	O
God	O
has	O
known	O
me	O
.	O


So	O
these	O
three	O
things	O
continue	O
:	O
faith	O
,	O
hope	O
,	O
and	O
love	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
greatest	O
of	O
these	O
is	O
love	O
.	O


Love	O
should	O
be	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
your	O
life	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
should	O
also	O
want	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
gifts	O
that	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
gift	O
you	O
should	O
want	O
most	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
prophesy	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
explain	O
why	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
have	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
speaking	O
in	O
a	O
different	O
language	O
are	O
not	O
speaking	O
to	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
speaking	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
understands	O
them	O
--	O
they	O
are	O
speaking	O
secret	O
things	O
through	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
prophesy	O
are	O
speaking	O
to	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
help	O
people	O
grow	O
stronger	O
in	O
faith	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
give	O
encouragement	O
and	O
comfort	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
speak	O
in	O
a	O
different	O
language	O
are	O
helping	O
only	O
themselves	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
prophesy	O
are	O
helping	O
the	O
whole	O
church	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
like	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
speaking	O
in	O
different	O
languages	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
I	O
want	O
more	O
is	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
prophesy	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
prophesies	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
those	O
who	O
can	O
only	O
speak	O
in	O
different	O
languages	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
if	O
they	O
can	O
also	O
interpret	O
those	O
languages	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
as	O
important	O
as	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
prophesies	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
can	O
interpret	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
church	O
can	O
be	O
helped	O
by	O
what	O
they	O
say	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
will	O
it	O
help	O
you	O
if	O
I	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
speaking	O
in	O
different	O
languages	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
help	O
you	O
only	O
if	O
I	O
bring	O
you	O
a	O
new	O
truth	O
or	O
some	O
knowledge	O
,	O
prophecy	O
,	O
or	O
teaching	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
true	O
even	O
with	O
lifeless	O
things	O
that	O
make	O
sounds	O
--	O
like	O
a	O
flute	O
or	O
a	O
harp	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
different	O
musical	O
notes	O
are	O
not	O
made	O
clear	O
,	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
understand	O
what	O
song	O
is	O
being	O
played	O
.	O


Each	O
note	O
must	O
be	O
played	O
clearly	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
tune	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
a	O
war	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
trumpet	O
does	O
not	O
sound	O
clearly	O
,	O
the	O
soldiers	O
will	O
not	O
know	O
it	O
is	O
time	O
to	O
prepare	O
for	O
fighting	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
speak	O
clearly	O
in	O
a	O
language	O
people	O
know	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
not	O
understand	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
saying	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
talking	O
to	O
the	O
air	O
!	O


It	O
is	O
true	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
different	O
languages	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
all	O
have	O
meaning	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
what	O
someone	O
is	O
saying	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
just	O
be	O
strange	O
sounds	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
sound	O
just	O
as	O
strange	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
you	O
who	O
want	O
spiritual	O
gifts	O
so	O
much	O
should	O
prefer	O
those	O
gifts	O
that	O
help	O
the	O
church	O
grow	O
stronger	O
.	O


So	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
speaking	O
in	O
a	O
different	O
language	O
should	O
pray	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
also	O
interpret	O
what	O
they	O
say	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
pray	O
in	O
a	O
different	O
language	O
,	O
my	O
spirit	O
is	O
praying	O
,	O
but	O
my	O
mind	O
does	O
nothing	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
should	O
I	O
do	O
?	O


I	O
will	O
pray	O
with	O
my	O
spirit	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
will	O
also	O
pray	O
with	O
my	O
mind	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
sing	O
with	O
my	O
spirit	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
will	O
also	O
sing	O
with	O
my	O
mind	O
.	O


You	O
might	O
be	O
praising	O
God	O
with	O
your	O
spirit	O
.	O


But	O
someone	O
there	O
without	O
understanding	O
can	O
not	O
say	O
``	O
Amen	O
''	O
to	O
your	O
prayer	O
of	O
thanks	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
saying	O
.	O


You	O
may	O
be	O
thanking	O
God	O
in	O
a	O
good	O
way	O
,	O
but	O
others	O
are	O
not	O
helped	O
.	O


I	O
thank	O
God	O
that	O
my	O
gift	O
of	O
speaking	O
in	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
languages	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
any	O
of	O
yours	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
church	O
meetings	O
I	O
would	O
rather	O
speak	O
five	O
words	O
that	O
I	O
understand	O
than	O
thousands	O
of	O
words	O
in	O
a	O
different	O
language	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
rather	O
speak	O
with	O
my	O
understanding	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
can	O
teach	O
others	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
like	O
children	O
.	O


In	O
evil	O
things	O
be	O
like	O
babies	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
your	O
thinking	O
you	O
should	O
be	O
like	O
full	O
-	O
grown	O
adults	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Using	O
those	O
who	O
speak	O
a	O
different	O
language	O
and	O
using	O
the	O
lips	O
of	O
foreigners	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
speak	O
to	O
these	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
then	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
not	O
obey	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
Lord	O
says	O
.	O


And	O
from	O
this	O
we	O
see	O
that	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
different	O
languages	O
shows	O
how	O
God	O
deals	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
,	O
not	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
believe	O
.	O


And	O
prophecy	O
shows	O
how	O
God	O
works	O
through	O
those	O
who	O
believe	O
,	O
not	O
through	O
unbelievers	O
.	O


Suppose	O
the	O
whole	O
church	O
meets	O
together	O
and	O
you	O
all	O
speak	O
in	O
different	O
languages	O
.	O


If	O
some	O
people	O
come	O
in	O
who	O
are	O
without	O
understanding	O
or	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
crazy	O
.	O


But	O
suppose	O
you	O
are	O
all	O
prophesying	O
and	O
someone	O
comes	O
in	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
believe	O
or	O
who	O
is	O
without	O
understanding	O
.	O


Their	O
sin	O
will	O
be	O
shown	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
judged	O
by	O
everything	O
you	O
say	O
.	O


The	O
secret	O
things	O
in	O
their	O
heart	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
known	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
will	O
bow	O
down	O
and	O
worship	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Without	O
a	O
doubt	O
,	O
God	O
is	O
here	O
with	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
what	O
should	O
you	O
do	O
?	O


When	O
you	O
meet	O
together	O
,	O
one	O
person	O
has	O
a	O
song	O
,	O
another	O
has	O
a	O
teaching	O
,	O
and	O
another	O
has	O
a	O
new	O
truth	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


One	O
person	O
speaks	O
in	O
a	O
different	O
language	O
,	O
and	O
another	O
interprets	O
that	O
language	O
.	O


The	O
purpose	O
of	O
whatever	O
you	O
do	O
should	O
be	O
to	O
help	O
everyone	O
grow	O
stronger	O
in	O
faith	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
meet	O
together	O
,	O
if	O
anyone	O
speaks	O
to	O
the	O
group	O
in	O
a	O
different	O
language	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
only	O
two	O
or	O
no	O
more	O
than	O
three	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
should	O
speak	O
one	O
after	O
the	O
other	O
.	O


And	O
someone	O
else	O
should	O
interpret	O
what	O
they	O
say	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
interpreter	O
,	O
then	O
anyone	O
who	O
speaks	O
in	O
a	O
different	O
language	O
should	O
be	O
quiet	O
in	O
the	O
church	O
meeting	O
.	O


They	O
should	O
speak	O
only	O
to	O
themselves	O
and	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
only	O
two	O
or	O
three	O
prophets	O
should	O
speak	O
.	O


The	O
others	O
should	O
judge	O
what	O
they	O
say	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
a	O
message	O
from	O
God	O
comes	O
to	O
someone	O
who	O
is	O
sitting	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
speaker	O
should	O
be	O
quiet	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
all	O
prophesy	O
one	O
after	O
the	O
other	O
.	O


This	O
way	O
everyone	O
can	O
be	O
taught	O
and	O
encouraged	O
.	O


The	O
spirits	O
of	O
prophets	O
are	O
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
themselves	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
God	O
of	O
confusion	O
but	O
a	O
God	O
of	O
peace	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
rule	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
meetings	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
women	O
should	O
keep	O
quiet	O
in	O
these	O
church	O
meetings	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
not	O
allowed	O
to	O
speak	O
out	O
but	O
should	O
be	O
under	O
authority	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
says	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
is	O
something	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
,	O
they	O
should	O
ask	O
their	O
own	O
husbands	O
at	O
home	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
shameful	O
for	O
a	O
woman	O
to	O
speak	O
up	O
like	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
church	O
meeting	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
teaching	O
did	O
not	O
come	O
from	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
the	O
only	O
ones	O
who	O
have	O
received	O
it	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
prophet	O
or	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
spiritual	O
gift	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
understand	O
that	O
what	O
I	O
am	O
writing	O
to	O
you	O
is	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
command	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
not	O
accept	O
this	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
accepted	O
.	O


So	O
my	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
continue	O
to	O
give	O
your	O
attention	O
to	O
prophesying	O
.	O


And	O
do	O
n't	O
stop	O
anyone	O
from	O
using	O
the	O
gift	O
of	O
speaking	O
in	O
different	O
languages	O
.	O


But	O
everything	O
should	O
be	O
done	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
is	O
right	O
and	O
orderly	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
remember	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
about	O
.	O


You	O
received	O
that	O
Good	O
News	O
message	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
continue	O
to	O
base	O
your	O
life	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
that	O
Good	O
News	O
that	O
saves	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
must	O
continue	O
believing	O
the	O
message	O
just	O
as	O
I	O
told	O
it	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
believed	O
for	O
nothing	O
.	O


I	O
gave	O
you	O
the	O
message	O
that	O
I	O
received	O
.	O


I	O
told	O
you	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
truths	O
:	O
that	O
Christ	O
died	O
for	O
our	O
sins	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
;	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
buried	O
and	O
was	O
raised	O
to	O
life	O
on	O
the	O
third	O
day	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
;	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
appeared	O
to	O
Peter	O
and	O
then	O
to	O
the	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
.	O


After	O
that	O
,	O
Christ	O
appeared	O
to	O
more	O
than	O
500	O


of	O
the	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
still	O
living	O
today	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
have	O
died	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
appeared	O
to	O
James	O
and	O
later	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
apostles	O
.	O


Last	O
of	O
all	O
,	O
he	O
appeared	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
different	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
baby	O
born	O
before	O
the	O
normal	O
time	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
other	O
apostles	O
are	O
greater	O
than	O
I	O
am	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
I	O
persecuted	O
the	O
church	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
even	O
good	O
enough	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
an	O
apostle	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
am	O
.	O


And	O
his	O
grace	O
that	O
he	O
gave	O
me	O
was	O
not	O
wasted	O
.	O


I	O
worked	O
harder	O
than	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
apostles	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
But	O
I	O
was	O
not	O
really	O
the	O
one	O
working	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
that	O
was	O
with	O
me	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


So	O
then	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
if	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
or	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
other	O
apostles	O
who	O
told	O
you	O
--	O
we	O
all	O
tell	O
people	O
the	O
same	O
message	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
you	O
believed	O
.	O


We	O
tell	O
everyone	O
that	O
Christ	O
was	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


So	O
why	O
do	O
some	O
of	O
you	O
say	O
that	O
people	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
?	O


If	O
no	O
one	O
will	O
ever	O
be	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
then	O
Christ	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
raised	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
Christ	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
raised	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
message	O
we	O
tell	O
is	O
worth	O
nothing	O
.	O


And	O
your	O
faith	O
is	O
worth	O
nothing	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
guilty	O
of	O
lying	O
about	O
God	O
,	O
because	O
we	O
have	O
told	O
people	O
about	O
him	O
,	O
saying	O
that	O
he	O
raised	O
Christ	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
then	O
God	O
never	O
raised	O
Christ	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


If	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
died	O
are	O
not	O
raised	O
,	O
then	O
Christ	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
raised	O
either	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
Christ	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
then	O
your	O
faith	O
is	O
for	O
nothing	O
;	O
you	O
are	O
still	O
guilty	O
of	O
your	O
sins	O
.	O


And	O
those	O
in	O
Christ	O
who	O
have	O
already	O
died	O
are	O
lost	O
.	O


If	O
our	O
hope	O
in	O
Christ	O
is	O
only	O
for	O
this	O
life	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
then	O
people	O
should	O
feel	O
more	O
sorry	O
for	O
us	O
than	O
for	O
anyone	O
else	O
.	O


But	O
Christ	O
really	O
has	O
been	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
--	O
the	O
first	O
one	O
of	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
raised	O
.	O


Death	O
comes	O
to	O
people	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
one	O
man	O
did	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
there	O
is	O
resurrection	O
from	O
death	O
because	O
of	O
another	O
man	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
that	O
in	O
Adam	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
die	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
in	O
Christ	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
alive	O
again	O
.	O


But	O
everyone	O
will	O
be	O
raised	O
to	O
life	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
order	O
.	O


Christ	O
was	O
first	O
to	O
be	O
raised	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
when	O
Christ	O
comes	O
again	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
him	O
will	O
be	O
raised	O
to	O
life	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
end	O
will	O
come	O
.	O


Christ	O
will	O
destroy	O
all	O
rulers	O
,	O
authorities	O
,	O
and	O
powers	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
will	O
give	O
the	O
kingdom	O
to	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


Christ	O
must	O
rule	O
until	O
God	O
puts	O
all	O
enemies	O
under	O
his	O
control	O
.	O


The	O
last	O
enemy	O
to	O
be	O
destroyed	O
will	O
be	O
death	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
put	O
everything	O
under	O
his	O
control	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
it	O
says	O
that	O
``	O
everything	O
''	O
is	O
put	O
under	O
him	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
clear	O
that	O
this	O
does	O
not	O
include	O
God	O
himself	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
putting	O
everything	O
under	O
Christ	O
's	O
control	O
.	O


After	O
everything	O
has	O
been	O
put	O
under	O
Christ	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
Son	O
himself	O
will	O
be	O
put	O
under	O
God	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
put	O
everything	O
under	O
Christ	O
.	O


And	O
Christ	O
will	O
be	O
put	O
under	O
God	O
so	O
that	O
God	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
complete	O
ruler	O
over	O
everything	O
.	O


If	O
no	O
one	O
will	O
ever	O
be	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
then	O
what	O
will	O
the	O
people	O
do	O
who	O
are	O
baptized	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
died	O
?	O


If	O
the	O
dead	O
are	O
never	O
raised	O
,	O
then	O
why	O
are	O
people	O
baptized	O
for	O
them	O
?	O


And	O
what	O
about	O
us	O
?	O


Why	O
do	O
we	O
put	O
ourselves	O
in	O
danger	O
every	O
hour	O
?	O


I	O
face	O
death	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
true	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
true	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
proud	O
of	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
because	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
our	O
Lord	O
.	O


I	O
fought	O
wild	O
animals	O
in	O
Ephesus	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
did	O
that	O
only	O
for	O
human	O
reasons	O
,	O
then	O
I	O
have	O
gained	O
nothing	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
``	O
Let	O
us	O
eat	O
and	O
drink	O
,	O
because	O
tomorrow	O
we	O
die	O
.	O
''	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
fooled	O
:	O
``	O
Bad	O
friends	O
will	O
ruin	O
good	O
habits	O
.	O
''	O


Come	O
back	O
to	O
your	O
right	O
way	O
of	O
thinking	O
and	O
stop	O
sinning	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
God	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
to	O
shame	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
someone	O
may	O
ask	O
,	O
``	O
How	O
are	O
the	O
dead	O
raised	O
?	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
body	O
will	O
they	O
have	O
?	O
''	O


These	O
are	O
stupid	O
questions	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
plant	O
something	O
,	O
it	O
must	O
die	O
in	O
the	O
ground	O
before	O
it	O
can	O
live	O
and	O
grow	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
you	O
plant	O
something	O
,	O
what	O
you	O
plant	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
``	O
body	O
''	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
have	O
later	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
plant	O
is	O
only	O
a	O
seed	O
,	O
maybe	O
wheat	O
or	O
something	O
else	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
gives	O
it	O
the	O
body	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
planned	O
for	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
gives	O
each	O
kind	O
of	O
seed	O
its	O
own	O
body	O
.	O


All	O
things	O
made	O
of	O
flesh	O
are	O
not	O
the	O
same	O
:	O
People	O
have	O
one	O
kind	O
of	O
flesh	O
,	O
animals	O
have	O
another	O
,	O
birds	O
have	O
another	O
,	O
and	O
fish	O
have	O
yet	O
another	O
kind	O
.	O


Also	O
there	O
are	O
heavenly	O
bodies	O
and	O
earthly	O
bodies	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
beauty	O
of	O
the	O
heavenly	O
bodies	O
is	O
one	O
kind	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
beauty	O
of	O
the	O
earthly	O
bodies	O
is	O
another	O
.	O


The	O
sun	O
has	O
one	O
kind	O
of	O
beauty	O
,	O
the	O
moon	O
has	O
another	O
kind	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
stars	O
have	O
another	O
.	O


And	O
each	O
star	O
is	O
different	O
in	O
its	O
beauty	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
same	O
when	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
died	O
are	O
raised	O
to	O
life	O
.	O


The	O
body	O
that	O
is	O
``	O
planted	O
''	O
in	O
the	O
grave	O
will	O
ruin	O
and	O
decay	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
raised	O
to	O
a	O
life	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
destroyed	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
body	O
is	O
``	O
planted	O
,	O
''	O
it	O
is	O
without	O
honor	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
raised	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
great	O
and	O
glorious	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
body	O
is	O
``	O
planted	O
,	O
''	O
it	O
is	O
weak	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
raised	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
full	O
of	O
power	O
.	O


The	O
body	O
that	O
is	O
``	O
planted	O
''	O
is	O
a	O
physical	O
body	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
is	O
raised	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
spiritual	O
body	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
physical	O
body	O
.	O


So	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
spiritual	O
body	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
first	O
man	O
,	O
Adam	O
,	O
became	O
a	O
living	O
person	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
last	O
Adam	O
is	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
giving	O
spirit	O
.	O


The	O
spiritual	O
man	O
did	O
not	O
come	O
first	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
physical	O
man	O
that	O
came	O
first	O
;	O
then	O
came	O
the	O
spiritual	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
man	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
dust	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


The	O
second	O
man	O
came	O
from	O
heaven	O
.	O


All	O
people	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
like	O
that	O
first	O
man	O
of	O
earth	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
heaven	O
are	O
like	O
that	O
man	O
of	O
heaven	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
made	O
like	O
that	O
man	O
of	O
earth	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
made	O
like	O
that	O
man	O
of	O
heaven	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
:	O
Our	O
bodies	O
of	O
flesh	O
and	O
blood	O
can	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
part	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


Something	O
that	O
will	O
ruin	O
can	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
part	O
in	O
something	O
that	O
never	O
ruins	O
.	O


But	O
listen	O
,	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
secret	O
:	O
We	O
will	O
not	O
all	O
die	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
will	O
all	O
be	O
changed	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
only	O
take	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
a	O
second	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
be	O
changed	O
as	O
quickly	O
as	O
an	O
eye	O
blinks	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
happen	O
when	O
the	O
last	O
trumpet	O
blows	O
.	O


The	O
trumpet	O
will	O
blow	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
died	O
will	O
be	O
raised	O
to	O
live	O
forever	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
will	O
all	O
be	O
changed	O
.	O


This	O
body	O
that	O
ruins	O
must	O
clothe	O
itself	O
with	O
something	O
that	O
will	O
never	O
ruin	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
body	O
that	O
dies	O
must	O
clothe	O
itself	O
with	O
something	O
that	O
will	O
never	O
die	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
body	O
that	O
ruins	O
will	O
clothe	O
itself	O
with	O
that	O
which	O
never	O
ruins	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
body	O
that	O
dies	O
will	O
clothe	O
itself	O
with	O
that	O
which	O
never	O
dies	O
.	O


When	O
this	O
happens	O
,	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
true	O
:	O
``	O
Death	O
is	O
swallowed	O
in	O
victory	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
O	O
death	O
,	O
where	O
is	O
your	O
victory	O
?	O


Where	O
is	O
your	O
power	O
to	O
hurt	O
?	O
''	O


Death	O
's	O
power	O
to	O
hurt	O
is	O
sin	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
sin	O
is	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
thank	O
God	O
who	O
gives	O
us	O
the	O
victory	O
through	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
!	O


So	O
,	O
my	O
dear	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
stand	O
strong	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
let	O
anything	O
change	O
you	O
.	O


Always	O
give	O
yourselves	O
fully	O
to	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
your	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
is	O
never	O
wasted	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
about	O
the	O
collection	O
of	O
money	O
for	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
:	O
Do	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
I	O
told	O
the	O
Galatian	O
churches	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
first	O
day	O
of	O
every	O
week	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
you	O
should	O
take	O
some	O
of	O
your	O
money	O
and	O
put	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
special	O
place	O
.	O


Save	O
up	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
you	O
can	O
from	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
blessed	O
with	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
gather	O
it	O
all	O
after	O
I	O
come	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
arrive	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
send	O
some	O
men	O
to	O
take	O
your	O
gift	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


These	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
ones	O
you	O
all	O
agree	O
should	O
go	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
send	O
them	O
with	O
letters	O
of	O
introduction	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
seems	O
good	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
go	O
too	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
all	O
travel	O
together	O
.	O


I	O
plan	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
Macedonia	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
after	O
that	O
.	O


Maybe	O
I	O
will	O
stay	O
with	O
you	O
for	O
a	O
time	O
.	O


I	O
might	O
even	O
stay	O
all	O
winter	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
can	O
help	O
me	O
on	O
my	O
trip	O
,	O
wherever	O
I	O
go	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
come	O
see	O
you	O
now	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
leave	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
other	O
places	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
to	O
stay	O
a	O
longer	O
time	O
with	O
you	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
Lord	O
allows	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
will	O
stay	O
in	O
Ephesus	O
until	O
Pentecost	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
stay	O
here	O
,	O
because	O
a	O
good	O
opportunity	O
for	O
a	O
great	O
and	O
growing	O
work	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
to	O
me	O
now	O
.	O


And	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
people	O
working	O
against	O
it	O
.	O


Timothy	O
might	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Try	O
to	O
make	O
him	O
feel	O
comfortable	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
working	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
I	O
am	O
.	O


So	O
none	O
of	O
you	O
should	O
refuse	O
to	O
accept	O
Timothy	O
.	O


Help	O
him	O
continue	O
on	O
his	O
trip	O
in	O
peace	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
can	O
come	O
back	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
expecting	O
him	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
brothers	O
.	O


Now	O
about	O
our	O
brother	O
Apollos	O
:	O
I	O
strongly	O
encouraged	O
him	O
to	O
visit	O
you	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
brothers	O
.	O


He	O
prefers	O
not	O
to	O
come	O
now	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
will	O
come	O
when	O
he	O
has	O
the	O
opportunity	O
.	O


Be	O
careful	O
.	O


Hold	O
firmly	O
to	O
your	O
faith	O
.	O


Have	O
courage	O
and	O
be	O
strong	O
.	O


Do	O
everything	O
in	O
love	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
Stephanas	O
and	O
his	O
family	O
were	O
the	O
first	O
believers	O
in	O
Achaia	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
given	O
themselves	O
to	O
the	O
service	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
ask	O
you	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
leading	O
of	O
people	O
like	O
these	O
and	O
others	O
who	O
work	O
hard	O
and	O
serve	O
together	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
happy	O
that	O
Stephanas	O
,	O
Fortunatus	O
,	O
and	O
Achaicus	O
have	O
come	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
not	O
here	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
have	O
filled	O
your	O
place	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
great	O
encouragement	O
to	O
me	O
and	O
to	O
you	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
recognize	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
such	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
churches	O
in	O
Asia	O
send	O
you	O
their	O
greetings	O
.	O


Aquila	O
and	O
Priscilla	O
greet	O
you	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Also	O
the	O
church	O
that	O
meets	O
in	O
their	O
house	O
sends	O
greetings	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
send	O
their	O
greetings	O
.	O


Give	O
each	O
other	O
the	O
special	O
greeting	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
my	O
greeting	O
in	O
my	O
own	O
handwriting	O
--	O
Paul	O
.	O


If	O
anyone	O
does	O
not	O
love	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
let	O
that	O
person	O
be	O
separated	O
from	O
God	O
--	O
lost	O
forever	O
!	O


Come	O
,	O
O	O
Lord	O
!	O


The	O
grace	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


My	O
love	O
be	O
with	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Paul	O
,	O
an	O
apostle	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
an	O
apostle	O
because	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
wanted	O
.	O


Greetings	O
also	O
from	O
Timothy	O
our	O
brother	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


To	O
God	O
's	O
church	O
in	O
Corinth	O
and	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
throughout	O
Achaia	O
.	O


Grace	O
and	O
peace	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
God	O
our	O
Father	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Praise	O
be	O
to	O
the	O
God	O
and	O
Father	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
Father	O
who	O
is	O
full	O
of	O
mercy	O
,	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
all	O
comfort	O
.	O


He	O
comforts	O
us	O
every	O
time	O
we	O
have	O
trouble	O
so	O
that	O
when	O
others	O
have	O
trouble	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
comfort	O
them	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
comfort	O
God	O
gives	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
share	O
in	O
the	O
many	O
sufferings	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
much	O
comfort	O
comes	O
to	O
us	O
through	O
Christ	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
have	O
troubles	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
for	O
your	O
comfort	O
and	O
salvation	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
are	O
comforted	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
comfort	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
helps	O
you	O
patiently	O
accept	O
the	O
same	O
sufferings	O
we	O
have	O
.	O


Our	O
hope	O
for	O
you	O
is	O
strong	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
share	O
in	O
our	O
sufferings	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
also	O
share	O
in	O
our	O
comfort	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
we	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
about	O
the	O
trouble	O
we	O
suffered	O
in	O
Asia	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
great	O
burdens	O
there	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
greater	O
than	O
our	O
own	O
strength	O
.	O


We	O
even	O
gave	O
up	O
hope	O
for	O
life	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
like	O
God	O
has	O
been	O
telling	O
us	O
we	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
die	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
is	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
will	O
not	O
trust	O
in	O
ourselves	O
but	O
in	O
God	O
,	O
who	O
raises	O
people	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


He	O
saved	O
us	O
from	O
these	O
great	O
dangers	O
of	O
death	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
save	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
feel	O
sure	O
he	O
will	O
always	O
save	O
us	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
can	O
help	O
us	O
with	O
your	O
prayers	O
.	O


Then	O
many	O
people	O
will	O
give	O
thanks	O
for	O
us	O
--	O
that	O
God	O
blessed	O
us	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
many	O
prayers	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
we	O
are	O
proud	O
of	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
can	O
say	O
with	O
a	O
clear	O
conscience	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
true	O
:	O
In	O
everything	O
we	O
have	O
done	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
done	O
it	O
with	O
an	O
honest	O
and	O
pure	O
heart	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
even	O
truer	O
in	O
what	O
we	O
have	O
done	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
did	O
this	O
by	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
,	O
not	O
by	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
wisdom	O
the	O
world	O
has	O
.	O


We	O
write	O
to	O
you	O
only	O
what	O
you	O
can	O
read	O
and	O
understand	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
hope	O
you	O
will	O
fully	O
understand	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
you	O
already	O
understand	O
many	O
things	O
about	O
us	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
you	O
will	O
understand	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
proud	O
of	O
us	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
proud	O
of	O
you	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
comes	O
again	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
very	O
sure	O
of	O
all	O
this	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
made	O
plans	O
to	O
visit	O
you	O
first	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
could	O
be	O
blessed	O
twice	O
.	O


I	O
planned	O
to	O
visit	O
you	O
on	O
my	O
way	O
to	O
Macedonia	O
and	O
again	O
on	O
my	O
way	O
back	O
.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
get	O
help	O
from	O
you	O
for	O
my	O
trip	O
to	O
Judea	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
I	O
made	O
these	O
plans	O
without	O
really	O
thinking	O
?	O


Or	O
maybe	O
you	O
think	O
I	O
make	O
plans	O
as	O
the	O
world	O
does	O
,	O
saying	O
yes	O
and	O
no	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
can	O
believe	O
God	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
can	O
believe	O
that	O
what	O
we	O
tell	O
you	O
is	O
never	O
both	O
yes	O
and	O
no	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
Silas	O
,	O
Timothy	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
about	O
was	O
not	O
yes	O
and	O
no	O
.	O


In	O
Christ	O
it	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
yes	O
.	O


The	O
yes	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
promises	O
is	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
is	O
why	O
we	O
say	O
``	O
Amen	O
''	O
through	O
Christ	O
to	O
the	O
glory	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
makes	O
you	O
and	O
us	O
strong	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
chose	O
us	O
for	O
his	O
work	O
.	O


He	O
put	O
his	O
mark	O
on	O
us	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
his	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
he	O
put	O
his	O
Spirit	O
in	O
our	O
hearts	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
payment	O
that	O
guarantees	O
all	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
give	O
us	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
ask	O
God	O
to	O
be	O
my	O
witness	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
true	O
:	O
The	O
reason	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
come	O
back	O
to	O
Corinth	O
was	O
that	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
punish	O
or	O
hurt	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
mean	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
control	O
your	O
faith	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
strong	O
in	O
faith	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
are	O
workers	O
with	O
you	O
for	O
your	O
own	O
happiness	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
decided	O
that	O
my	O
next	O
visit	O
to	O
you	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
another	O
visit	O
to	O
make	O
you	O
sad	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
make	O
you	O
sad	O
,	O
then	O
who	O
will	O
make	O
me	O
happy	O
?	O


Only	O
you	O
can	O
make	O
me	O
happy	O
--	O
you	O
,	O
the	O
ones	O
I	O
made	O
sad	O
.	O


I	O
wrote	O
you	O
a	O
letter	O
so	O
that	O
when	O
I	O
came	O
to	O
you	O
I	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
made	O
sad	O
by	O
those	O
who	O
should	O
make	O
me	O
happy	O
.	O


I	O
felt	O
sure	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
would	O
share	O
my	O
joy	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
wrote	O
to	O
you	O
before	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
very	O
troubled	O
and	O
my	O
heart	O
was	O
full	O
of	O
sadness	O
.	O


I	O
wrote	O
with	O
many	O
tears	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
not	O
write	O
to	O
make	O
you	O
sad	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
let	O
you	O
know	O
how	O
much	O
I	O
love	O
you	O
.	O


Someone	O
in	O
your	O
group	O
has	O
caused	O
sadness	O
--	O
not	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
he	O
has	O
caused	O
sadness	O
to	O
all	O
in	O
some	O
way	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
sound	O
worse	O
than	O
it	O
really	O
is	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
punishment	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
your	O
group	O
gave	O
him	O
is	O
enough	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
you	O
should	O
forgive	O
him	O
and	O
encourage	O
him	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
keep	O
him	O
from	O
having	O
too	O
much	O
sadness	O
and	O
giving	O
up	O
completely	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
beg	O
you	O
to	O
show	O
him	O
that	O
you	O
love	O
him	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
wrote	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
test	O
you	O
and	O
see	O
if	O
you	O
obey	O
in	O
everything	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
forgive	O
someone	O
,	O
then	O
I	O
also	O
forgive	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
what	O
I	O
have	O
forgiven	O
--	O
if	O
I	O
had	O
anything	O
to	O
forgive	O
--	O
I	O
forgave	O
it	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
Christ	O
was	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
Satan	O
would	O
not	O
win	O
anything	O
from	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
very	O
well	O
what	O
his	O
plans	O
are	O
.	O


I	O
went	O
to	O
Troas	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
gave	O
me	O
a	O
good	O
opportunity	O
there	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
had	O
no	O
peace	O
because	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
find	O
my	O
brother	O
Titus	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
said	O
goodbye	O
and	O
went	O
to	O
Macedonia	O
.	O


But	O
thanks	O
be	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
who	O
always	O
leads	O
us	O
in	O
victory	O
through	O
Christ	O
.	O


God	O
uses	O
us	O
to	O
spread	O
his	O
knowledge	O
everywhere	O
like	O
a	O
sweet	O
-	O
smelling	O
perfume	O
.	O


Our	O
offering	O
to	O
God	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
perfume	O
of	O
Christ	O
that	O
goes	O
out	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
being	O
saved	O
and	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
being	O
lost	O
.	O


To	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
being	O
lost	O
,	O
this	O
perfume	O
smells	O
like	O
death	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
brings	O
them	O
death	O
.	O


But	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
being	O
saved	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
the	O
sweet	O
smell	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
brings	O
them	O
life	O
.	O


So	O
who	O
is	O
good	O
enough	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
work	O
?	O


Certainly	O
not	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
out	O
there	O
selling	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
for	O
a	O
profit	O
!	O


But	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


With	O
Christ	O
's	O
help	O
we	O
speak	O
God	O
's	O
truth	O
honestly	O
,	O
knowing	O
that	O
we	O
must	O
answer	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


Why	O
are	O
we	O
beginning	O
again	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
all	O
these	O
good	O
things	O
about	O
ourselves	O
?	O


Do	O
we	O
need	O
letters	O
of	O
introduction	O
to	O
you	O
or	O
from	O
you	O
,	O
like	O
some	O
other	O
people	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
you	O
yourselves	O
are	O
our	O
letter	O
,	O
written	O
on	O
our	O
hearts	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
known	O
and	O
read	O
by	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


You	O
show	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
letter	O
from	O
Christ	O
that	O
he	O
sent	O
through	O
us	O
.	O


This	O
letter	O
is	O
not	O
written	O
with	O
ink	O
but	O
with	O
the	O
Spirit	O
of	O
the	O
living	O
God	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
written	O
on	O
stone	O
tablets	O
but	O
on	O
human	O
hearts	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
say	O
this	O
,	O
because	O
through	O
Christ	O
we	O
feel	O
sure	O
before	O
God	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
mean	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
good	O
ourselves	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
God	O
who	O
makes	O
us	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
all	O
that	O
we	O
do	O
.	O


He	O
made	O
us	O
able	O
to	O
be	O
servants	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
agreement	O
from	O
himself	O
to	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
agreement	O
of	O
written	O
laws	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
of	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


The	O
written	O
law	O
brings	O
death	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Spirit	O
gives	O
life	O
.	O


The	O
old	O
agreement	O
that	O
brought	O
death	O
,	O
written	O
with	O
words	O
on	O
stone	O
,	O
came	O
with	O
God	O
's	O
glory	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
Moses	O
was	O
so	O
bright	O
with	O
glory	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
glory	O
that	O
was	O
ending	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
could	O
not	O
continue	O
looking	O
at	O
his	O
face	O
.	O


So	O
surely	O
the	O
new	O
agreement	O
that	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
life	O
-	O
giving	O
Spirit	O
has	O
even	O
more	O
glory	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O
:	O
That	O
old	O
agreement	O
judged	O
people	O
guilty	O
of	O
sin	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
had	O
glory	O
.	O


So	O
surely	O
the	O
new	O
agreement	O
that	O
makes	O
people	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
has	O
much	O
greater	O
glory	O
.	O


That	O
old	O
agreement	O
had	O
glory	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
really	O
loses	O
its	O
glory	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
much	O
greater	O
glory	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
agreement	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
agreement	O
that	O
was	O
brought	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
came	O
with	O
glory	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
agreement	O
that	O
never	O
ends	O
has	O
much	O
greater	O
glory	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
so	O
sure	O
of	O
this	O
hope	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
speak	O
very	O
openly	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
not	O
like	O
Moses	O
,	O
who	O
put	O
a	O
covering	O
over	O
his	O
face	O
.	O


He	O
covered	O
his	O
face	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
would	O
not	O
see	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
glory	O
was	O
disappearing	O
,	O
and	O
Moses	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
them	O
to	O
see	O
it	O
end	O
.	O


But	O
their	O
minds	O
were	O
closed	O
.	O


And	O
even	O
today	O
,	O
when	O
those	O
people	O
read	O
the	O
writings	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
agreement	O
,	O
that	O
same	O
covering	O
hides	O
the	O
meaning	O
.	O


That	O
covering	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
removed	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
taken	O
away	O
only	O
through	O
Christ	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
even	O
today	O
,	O
when	O
they	O
read	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
covering	O
over	O
their	O
minds	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
someone	O
changes	O
and	O
follows	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
that	O
covering	O
is	O
taken	O
away	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
is	O
the	O
Spirit	O
,	O
and	O
where	O
the	O
Spirit	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
is	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
freedom	O
.	O


And	O
our	O
faces	O
are	O
not	O
covered	O
.	O


We	O
all	O
show	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
glory	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
are	O
being	O
changed	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
him	O
.	O


This	O
change	O
in	O
us	O
brings	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
glory	O
,	O
which	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


God	O
,	O
with	O
his	O
mercy	O
,	O
gave	O
us	O
this	O
work	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
give	O
up	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
have	O
turned	O
away	O
from	O
secret	O
and	O
shameful	O
ways	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
use	O
trickery	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
change	O
the	O
teaching	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


We	O
teach	O
the	O
truth	O
plainly	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
how	O
we	O
show	O
people	O
who	O
we	O
are	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
how	O
they	O
can	O
know	O
in	O
their	O
hearts	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
people	O
we	O
are	O
before	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
Good	O
News	O
that	O
we	O
tell	O
people	O
may	O
be	O
hidden	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
hidden	O
only	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
lost	O
.	O


The	O
ruler	O
of	O
this	O
world	O
has	O
blinded	O
the	O
minds	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
not	O
see	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
--	O
the	O
message	O
about	O
the	O
divine	O
greatness	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


Christ	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
exactly	O
like	O
God	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
tell	O
people	O
about	O
ourselves	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
tell	O
people	O
that	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
is	O
Lord	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
tell	O
them	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
your	O
servants	O
for	O
Jesus	O
.	O


God	O
once	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Let	O
light	O
shine	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
darkness	O
!	O
''	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
God	O
who	O
made	O
his	O
light	O
shine	O
in	O
our	O
hearts	O
to	O
let	O
us	O
know	O
that	O
his	O
own	O
divine	O
greatness	O
is	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
this	O
treasure	O
from	O
God	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
are	O
only	O
like	O
clay	O
jars	O
that	O
hold	O
the	O
treasure	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
amazing	O
power	O
we	O
have	O
is	O
from	O
God	O
,	O
not	O
from	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
troubles	O
all	O
around	O
us	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
defeated	O
.	O


We	O
often	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
give	O
up	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
persecuted	O
,	O
but	O
God	O
does	O
not	O
leave	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
hurt	O
sometimes	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
destroyed	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
constantly	O
experience	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
Jesus	O
in	O
our	O
own	O
bodies	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
is	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
Jesus	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
our	O
bodies	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
alive	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
Jesus	O
we	O
are	O
always	O
in	O
danger	O
of	O
death	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
Jesus	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
our	O
bodies	O
that	O
die	O
.	O


So	O
death	O
is	O
working	O
in	O
us	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
result	O
is	O
that	O
life	O
is	O
working	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
believed	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
spoke	O
.	O
''	O


Our	O
faith	O
is	O
like	O
that	O
too	O
.	O


We	O
believe	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
we	O
speak	O
.	O


God	O
raised	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
also	O
raise	O
us	O
with	O
Jesus	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
bring	O
us	O
together	O
with	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
will	O
stand	O
before	O
him	O
.	O


All	O
these	O
things	O
are	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
the	O
grace	O
of	O
God	O
is	O
being	O
given	O
to	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
people	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
bring	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
thanks	O
to	O
God	O
for	O
his	O
glory	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
we	O
never	O
give	O
up	O
.	O


Our	O
physical	O
body	O
is	O
becoming	O
older	O
and	O
weaker	O
,	O
but	O
our	O
spirit	O
inside	O
us	O
is	O
made	O
new	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
small	O
troubles	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
now	O
,	O
but	O
these	O
troubles	O
are	O
helping	O
us	O
gain	O
an	O
eternal	O
glory	O
.	O


That	O
eternal	O
glory	O
is	O
much	O
greater	O
than	O
our	O
troubles	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
think	O
about	O
what	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
see	O
,	O
not	O
what	O
we	O
see	O
.	O


What	O
we	O
see	O
lasts	O
only	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
see	O
will	O
last	O
forever	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
our	O
body	O
--	O
the	O
tent	O
we	O
live	O
in	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
--	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
that	O
happens	O
,	O
God	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
home	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
home	O
people	O
build	O
here	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
home	O
in	O
heaven	O
that	O
will	O
continue	O
forever	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
we	O
are	O
tired	O
of	O
this	O
body	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
God	O
to	O
give	O
us	O
our	O
heavenly	O
home	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
clothe	O
us	O
and	O
we	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
naked	O
.	O


While	O
we	O
live	O
in	O
this	O
tent	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
burdens	O
and	O
so	O
we	O
complain	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
mean	O
that	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
remove	O
this	O
tent	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
clothed	O
with	O
our	O
heavenly	O
home	O
.	O


Then	O
this	O
body	O
that	O
dies	O
will	O
be	O
covered	O
with	O
life	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
himself	O
made	O
us	O
for	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
has	O
given	O
us	O
the	O
Spirit	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
payment	O
to	O
guarantee	O
the	O
life	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
always	O
have	O
confidence	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
while	O
we	O
live	O
in	O
this	O
body	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


We	O
live	O
by	O
what	O
we	O
believe	O
will	O
happen	O
,	O
not	O
by	O
what	O
we	O
can	O
see	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
say	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
confidence	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
away	O
from	O
this	O
body	O
and	O
be	O
at	O
home	O
with	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Our	O
only	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
always	O
please	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
whether	O
we	O
are	O
living	O
here	O
in	O
this	O
body	O
or	O
there	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
all	O
stand	O
before	O
Christ	O
to	O
be	O
judged	O
.	O


Everyone	O
will	O
get	O
what	O
they	O
should	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
paid	O
for	O
whatever	O
they	O
did	O
--	O
good	O
or	O
bad	O
--	O
when	O
they	O
lived	O
in	O
this	O
earthly	O
body	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
what	O
it	O
means	O
to	O
fear	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
try	O
to	O
help	O
people	O
accept	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


God	O
knows	O
what	O
we	O
really	O
are	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
hope	O
that	O
in	O
your	O
hearts	O
you	O
know	O
us	O
too	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
not	O
trying	O
to	O
prove	O
ourselves	O
to	O
you	O
again	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
are	O
telling	O
you	O
about	O
ourselves	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
giving	O
you	O
reasons	O
to	O
be	O
proud	O
of	O
us	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
an	O
answer	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
proud	O
about	O
what	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
about	O
what	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
person	O
's	O
heart	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
are	O
crazy	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
have	O
our	O
right	O
mind	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
love	O
of	O
Christ	O
controls	O
us	O
,	O
because	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
one	O
person	O
died	O
for	O
everyone	O
.	O


So	O
all	O
have	O
died	O
.	O


He	O
died	O
for	O
all	O
so	O
that	O
those	O
who	O
live	O
would	O
not	O
continue	O
to	O
live	O
for	O
themselves	O
.	O


He	O
died	O
for	O
them	O
and	O
was	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
live	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


>	O
From	O
this	O
time	O
on	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
of	O
anyone	O
as	O
the	O
world	O
thinks	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
true	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
we	O
thought	O
of	O
Christ	O
as	O
the	O
world	O
thinks	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
way	O
now	O
.	O


When	O
anyone	O
is	O
in	O
Christ	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
whole	O
new	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
old	O
things	O
are	O
gone	O
;	O
suddenly	O
,	O
everything	O
is	O
new	O
!	O


All	O
this	O
is	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


Through	O
Christ	O
,	O
God	O
made	O
peace	O
between	O
himself	O
and	O
us	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
gave	O
us	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
bringing	O
people	O
into	O
peace	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
that	O
God	O
was	O
in	O
Christ	O
,	O
making	O
peace	O
between	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
himself	O
.	O


In	O
Christ	O
,	O
God	O
did	O
not	O
hold	O
people	O
guilty	O
for	O
their	O
sins	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
gave	O
us	O
this	O
message	O
of	O
peace	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
have	O
been	O
sent	O
to	O
speak	O
for	O
Christ	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
like	O
God	O
is	O
calling	O
to	O
people	O
through	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
speak	O
for	O
Christ	O
when	O
we	O
beg	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
at	O
peace	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


Christ	O
had	O
no	O
sin	O
,	O
but	O
God	O
made	O
him	O
become	O
sin	O
so	O
that	O
in	O
Christ	O
we	O
could	O
be	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
workers	O
together	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
beg	O
you	O
:	O
Do	O
n't	O
let	O
the	O
grace	O
that	O
you	O
received	O
from	O
God	O
be	O
for	O
nothing	O
.	O


God	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
heard	O
you	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
gave	O
you	O
help	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
salvation	O
.	O
''	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
the	O
``	O
right	O
time	O
''	O
is	O
now	O
.	O


The	O
``	O
day	O
of	O
salvation	O
''	O
is	O
now	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
people	O
to	O
find	O
anything	O
wrong	O
with	O
our	O
work	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
do	O
nothing	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
problem	O
to	O
others	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
every	O
way	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
servants	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


We	O
never	O
give	O
up	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
we	O
face	O
troubles	O
,	O
difficulties	O
,	O
and	O
problems	O
of	O
every	O
kind	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
beaten	O
and	O
thrown	O
into	O
prison	O
.	O


People	O
get	O
upset	O
at	O
us	O
and	O
fight	O
against	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
work	O
hard	O
,	O
and	O
sometimes	O
we	O
get	O
no	O
sleep	O
or	O
food	O
.	O


We	O
show	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
servants	O
by	O
our	O
pure	O
lives	O
,	O
by	O
our	O
understanding	O
,	O
by	O
our	O
patience	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
our	O
kindness	O
.	O


We	O
show	O
it	O
by	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
,	O
by	O
genuine	O
love	O
,	O
by	O
speaking	O
the	O
truth	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
depending	O
on	O
God	O
's	O
power	O
.	O


This	O
right	O
way	O
of	O
living	O
has	O
prepared	O
us	O
to	O
defend	O
ourselves	O
against	O
every	O
kind	O
of	O
attack	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
honor	O
us	O
,	O
but	O
others	O
shame	O
us	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
say	O
good	O
things	O
about	O
us	O
,	O
but	O
others	O
say	O
bad	O
things	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
say	O
we	O
are	O
liars	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
speak	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


To	O
some	O
people	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
known	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
are	O
well	O
known	O
.	O


We	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
dying	O
,	O
but	O
look	O
!	O


We	O
continue	O
to	O
live	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
punished	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
killed	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
much	O
sadness	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
are	O
always	O
rejoicing	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
poor	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
are	O
making	O
many	O
people	O
rich	O
in	O
faith	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
nothing	O
,	O
but	O
really	O
we	O
have	O
everything	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
spoken	O
freely	O
to	O
you	O
people	O
in	O
Corinth	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
opened	O
our	O
hearts	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Our	O
feelings	O
of	O
love	O
for	O
you	O
have	O
not	O
stopped	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
you	O
who	O
have	O
stopped	O
your	O
feelings	O
of	O
love	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


I	O
speak	O
to	O
you	O
as	O
if	O
you	O
were	O
my	O
children	O
.	O


Do	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
we	O
have	O
done	O
--	O
open	O
your	O
hearts	O
also	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
not	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
n't	O
join	O
yourselves	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Good	O
and	O
evil	O
do	O
n't	O
belong	O
together	O
.	O


Light	O
and	O
darkness	O
can	O
not	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
room	O
.	O


How	O
can	O
there	O
be	O
any	O
unity	O
between	O
Christ	O
and	O
the	O
devil	O
?	O


What	O
does	O
a	O
believer	O
have	O
in	O
common	O
with	O
an	O
unbeliever	O
?	O


God	O
's	O
temple	O
can	O
not	O
have	O
anything	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
idols	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
are	O
the	O
temple	O
of	O
the	O
living	O
God	O
.	O


As	O
God	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
live	O
with	O
them	O
and	O
walk	O
with	O
them	O
;	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
their	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
my	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
So	O
come	O
away	O
from	O
those	O
people	O
and	O
separate	O
yourselves	O
from	O
them	O
,	O
says	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
touch	O
anything	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
clean	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
accept	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
your	O
father	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
my	O
sons	O
and	O
daughters	O
,	O
says	O
the	O
Lord	O
All	O
-	O
Powerful	O
.	O
''	O


Dear	O
friends	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
these	O
promises	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
should	O
make	O
ourselves	O
pure	O
--	O
free	O
from	O
anything	O
that	O
makes	O
our	O
body	O
or	O
our	O
soul	O
unclean	O
.	O


Our	O
respect	O
for	O
God	O
should	O
make	O
us	O
try	O
to	O
be	O
completely	O
holy	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
live	O
.	O


Open	O
your	O
hearts	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
not	O
done	O
wrong	O
to	O
anyone	O
or	O
caused	O
harm	O
to	O
anyone	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
have	O
not	O
cheated	O
anyone	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
not	O
say	O
this	O
to	O
blame	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
told	O
you	O
before	O
that	O
we	O
love	O
you	O
so	O
much	O
we	O
would	O
live	O
or	O
die	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
feel	O
that	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
anything	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
very	O
proud	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


Even	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
troubles	O
we	O
have	O
had	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
greatly	O
encouraged	O
and	O
feel	O
very	O
happy	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
came	O
into	O
Macedonia	O
,	O
we	O
had	O
no	O
rest	O
.	O


We	O
found	O
trouble	O
all	O
around	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
fighting	O
on	O
the	O
outside	O
and	O
fear	O
on	O
the	O
inside	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
encourages	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
troubled	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
certainly	O
encouraged	O
us	O
by	O
bringing	O
Titus	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
so	O
good	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
were	O
encouraged	O
even	O
more	O
to	O
hear	O
about	O
the	O
encouragement	O
you	O
gave	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
us	O
that	O
you	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
me	O
and	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
very	O
sorry	O
for	O
what	O
you	O
did	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
told	O
us	O
how	O
ready	O
and	O
willing	O
you	O
are	O
to	O
help	O
me	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
heard	O
this	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
so	O
much	O
happier	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
the	O
letter	O
I	O
wrote	O
you	O
made	O
you	O
sad	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
sorry	O
I	O
wrote	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
letter	O
made	O
you	O
sad	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
was	O
sorry	O
for	O
that	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
made	O
you	O
sad	O
only	O
for	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
am	O
happy	O
,	O
not	O
because	O
you	O
were	O
made	O
sad	O
,	O
but	O
because	O
your	O
sorrow	O
made	O
you	O
decide	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
wanted	O
,	O
so	O
you	O
were	O
not	O
hurt	O
by	O
us	O
in	O
any	O
way	O
.	O


The	O
kind	O
of	O
sorrow	O
God	O
wants	O
makes	O
people	O
decide	O
to	O
change	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


This	O
leads	O
them	O
to	O
salvation	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
sorry	O
for	O
that	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
sorrow	O
the	O
world	O
has	O
will	O
bring	O
death	O
.	O


You	O
had	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
sorrow	O
God	O
wanted	O
you	O
to	O
have	O
.	O


Now	O
see	O
what	O
that	O
sorrow	O
has	O
brought	O
you	O
:	O
It	O
has	O
made	O
you	O
very	O
serious	O
.	O


It	O
made	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
prove	O
that	O
you	O
were	O
not	O
wrong	O
.	O


It	O
made	O
you	O
angry	O
and	O
afraid	O
.	O


It	O
made	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
me	O
.	O


It	O
made	O
you	O
care	O
.	O


It	O
made	O
you	O
want	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
.	O


You	O
proved	O
that	O
you	O
were	O
not	O
guilty	O
in	O
any	O
part	O
of	O
that	O
problem	O
.	O


The	O
main	O
reason	O
I	O
wrote	O
that	O
letter	O
was	O
not	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
did	O
the	O
wrong	O
or	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
hurt	O
.	O


I	O
wrote	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
would	O
realize	O
,	O
before	O
God	O
,	O
how	O
very	O
much	O
you	O
care	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
was	O
so	O
encouraging	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
greatly	O
encouraged	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
were	O
especially	O
pleased	O
to	O
see	O
how	O
happy	O
Titus	O
was	O
.	O


You	O
all	O
made	O
him	O
feel	O
so	O
much	O
better	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
bragged	O
about	O
you	O
to	O
Titus	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
embarrass	O
me	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
always	O
told	O
you	O
the	O
truth	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
what	O
we	O
told	O
Titus	O
about	O
you	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
true	O
.	O


And	O
his	O
love	O
for	O
you	O
is	O
stronger	O
when	O
he	O
remembers	O
that	O
you	O
were	O
all	O
ready	O
to	O
obey	O
.	O


You	O
welcomed	O
him	O
with	O
respect	O
and	O
fear	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
so	O
happy	O
that	O
I	O
can	O
trust	O
you	O
fully	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
we	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
about	O
the	O
grace	O
that	O
God	O
gave	O
the	O
churches	O
in	O
Macedonia	O
.	O


Those	O
believers	O
have	O
been	O
tested	O
by	O
great	O
troubles	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
very	O
poor	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
gave	O
much	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
great	O
joy	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
they	O
gave	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
they	O
were	O
able	O
and	O
even	O
more	O
than	O
they	O
could	O
afford	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
told	O
them	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
their	O
idea	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
asked	O
us	O
again	O
and	O
again	O
--	O
they	O
begged	O
us	O
to	O
let	O
them	O
share	O
in	O
this	O
service	O
for	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
gave	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
we	O
did	O
not	O
expect	O
:	O


They	O
gave	O
themselves	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
and	O
to	O
us	O
before	O
they	O
gave	O
their	O
money	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
asked	O
Titus	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
finish	O
this	O
special	O
work	O
of	O
giving	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
started	O
this	O
work	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
rich	O
in	O
everything	O
--	O
in	O
faith	O
,	O
in	O
speaking	O
ability	O
,	O
in	O
knowledge	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
willingness	O
to	O
help	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
love	O
you	O
learned	O
from	O
us	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
we	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
also	O
be	O
rich	O
in	O
this	O
work	O
of	O
giving	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
ordering	O
you	O
to	O
give	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
how	O
real	O
your	O
love	O
is	O
by	O
comparing	O
you	O
with	O
others	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
so	O
ready	O
and	O
willing	O
to	O
help	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
the	O
grace	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
he	O
gave	O
up	O
his	O
heavenly	O
riches	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
up	O
everything	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
could	O
be	O
richly	O
blessed	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
should	O
do	O
:	O
Last	O
year	O
you	O
were	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
want	O
to	O
give	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
were	O
the	O
first	O
who	O
gave	O
.	O


So	O
now	O
finish	O
the	O
work	O
you	O
started	O
.	O


Then	O
your	O
``	O
doing	O
''	O
will	O
be	O
equal	O
to	O
your	O
``	O
wanting	O
to	O
do	O
.	O
''	O


Give	O
from	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
give	O
,	O
your	O
gift	O
will	O
be	O
accepted	O
.	O


Your	O
gift	O
will	O
be	O
judged	O
by	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
,	O
not	O
by	O
what	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
have	O
troubles	O
while	O
others	O
are	O
comforted	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
everything	O
to	O
be	O
equal	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
time	O
you	O
have	O
plenty	O
and	O
can	O
provide	O
what	O
they	O
need	O
.	O


Then	O
later	O
,	O
when	O
they	O
have	O
plenty	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
provide	O
what	O
you	O
need	O
.	O


Then	O
everyone	O
will	O
have	O
an	O
equal	O
share	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Those	O
who	O
gathered	O
much	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
too	O
much	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
gathered	O
little	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
too	O
little	O
.	O
''	O


I	O
thank	O
God	O
because	O
he	O
gave	O
Titus	O
the	O
same	O
love	O
for	O
you	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
.	O


Titus	O
agreed	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
we	O
asked	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
he	O
himself	O
wanted	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
come	O
see	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
sending	O
with	O
Titus	O
the	O
brother	O
who	O
is	O
praised	O
by	O
all	O
the	O
churches	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
praised	O
because	O
of	O
his	O
service	O
to	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
chosen	O
by	O
the	O
churches	O
to	O
go	O
with	O
us	O
when	O
we	O
carry	O
this	O
gift	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
doing	O
this	O
service	O
to	O
bring	O
honor	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
and	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
we	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
help	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
being	O
careful	O
so	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
will	O
criticize	O
us	O
about	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
are	O
caring	O
for	O
this	O
large	O
gift	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
the	O
Lord	O
accepts	O
as	O
right	O
and	O
also	O
what	O
people	O
think	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
sending	O
with	O
them	O
our	O
brother	O
who	O
is	O
always	O
ready	O
to	O
help	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
proved	O
this	O
to	O
us	O
in	O
many	O
ways	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
help	O
even	O
more	O
now	O
because	O
he	O
has	O
much	O
faith	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


Now	O
about	O
Titus	O
--	O
he	O
is	O
my	O
partner	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
working	O
together	O
with	O
me	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
about	O
the	O
other	O
brothers	O
--	O
they	O
are	O
sent	O
from	O
the	O
churches	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
bring	O
honor	O
to	O
Christ	O
.	O


So	O
show	O
these	O
men	O
that	O
you	O
really	O
have	O
love	O
.	O


Show	O
them	O
why	O
we	O
are	O
proud	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


Then	O
all	O
the	O
churches	O
can	O
see	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
wish	O
you	O
would	O
be	O
patient	O
with	O
me	O
even	O
when	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
little	O
foolish	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
are	O
already	O
patient	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
jealous	O
for	O
you	O
with	O
a	O
jealousy	O
that	O
comes	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


I	O
promised	O
to	O
give	O
you	O
to	O
Christ	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
be	O
your	O
only	O
husband	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
give	O
you	O
to	O
Christ	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
pure	O
bride	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
am	O
afraid	O
that	O
your	O
minds	O
will	O
be	O
led	O
away	O
from	O
your	O
true	O
and	O
pure	O
following	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


This	O
could	O
happen	O
just	O
as	O
Eve	O
was	O
tricked	O
by	O
that	O
snake	O
with	O
his	O
clever	O
lies	O
.	O


You	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
quite	O
patient	O
with	O
anyone	O
who	O
comes	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
tells	O
you	O
about	O
a	O
Jesus	O
that	O
is	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
Jesus	O
we	O
told	O
you	O
about	O
.	O


You	O
seem	O
very	O
willing	O
to	O
accept	O
a	O
spirit	O
or	O
a	O
message	O
that	O
is	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
Spirit	O
and	O
message	O
that	O
you	O
received	O
from	O
us	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
those	O
``	O
super	O
apostles	O
''	O
are	O
any	O
better	O
than	O
I	O
am	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
true	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
a	O
trained	O
speaker	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
do	O
have	O
knowledge	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
shown	O
this	O
to	O
you	O
clearly	O
in	O
every	O
way	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
telling	O
God	O
's	O
Good	O
News	O
to	O
you	O
without	O
pay	O
.	O


I	O
humbled	O
myself	O
to	O
make	O
you	O
important	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
was	O
wrong	O
?	O


I	O
accepted	O
pay	O
from	O
other	O
churches	O
.	O


I	O
took	O
their	O
money	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
could	O
serve	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
needed	O
something	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
with	O
you	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
trouble	O
any	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
brothers	O
who	O
came	O
from	O
Macedonia	O
gave	O
me	O
all	O
that	O
I	O
needed	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
not	O
allow	O
myself	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
burden	O
to	O
you	O
in	O
any	O
way	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
a	O
burden	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
there	O
in	O
Achaia	O
will	O
stop	O
me	O
from	O
boasting	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
with	O
the	O
truth	O
of	O
Christ	O
in	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
why	O
do	O
I	O
not	O
burden	O
you	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
love	O
you	O
?	O


God	O
knows	O
that	O
I	O
love	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
will	O
continue	O
doing	O
what	O
I	O
am	O
doing	O
now	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
stop	O
those	O
people	O
from	O
having	O
a	O
reason	O
to	O
boast	O
.	O


They	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
work	O
they	O
boast	O
about	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
ours	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
false	O
apostles	O
,	O
lying	O
workers	O
.	O


They	O
only	O
pretend	O
to	O
be	O
apostles	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


That	O
does	O
not	O
surprise	O
us	O
,	O
because	O
even	O
Satan	O
changes	O
himself	O
to	O
look	O
like	O
an	O
angel	O
of	O
light	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
surprise	O
us	O
if	O
Satan	O
's	O
servants	O
make	O
themselves	O
look	O
like	O
servants	O
who	O
work	O
for	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
those	O
people	O
will	O
get	O
the	O
punishment	O
they	O
deserve	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
again	O
:	O
No	O
one	O
should	O
think	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
fool	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
think	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
fool	O
,	O
then	O
accept	O
me	O
as	O
you	O
would	O
accept	O
a	O
fool	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
can	O
boast	O
a	O
little	O
too	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
talking	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
Lord	O
would	O
talk	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
boasting	O
like	O
a	O
fool	O
.	O


Others	O
are	O
boasting	O
about	O
their	O
lives	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
will	O
boast	O
too	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
wise	O
,	O
so	O
you	O
will	O
gladly	O
be	O
patient	O
with	O
fools	O
!	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
you	O
are	O
even	O
patient	O
with	O
someone	O
who	O
forces	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
things	O
and	O
uses	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
patient	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
trick	O
you	O
,	O
or	O
think	O
they	O
are	O
better	O
than	O
you	O
,	O
or	O
hit	O
you	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
!	O


I	O
am	O
ashamed	O
to	O
say	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
were	O
too	O
``	O


weak	O
''	O
to	O
do	O
such	O
things	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
anyone	O
dares	O
to	O
boast	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
too	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
I	O
am	O
talking	O
like	O
a	O
fool	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Are	O
those	O
people	O
Hebrews	O
?	O


So	O
am	O
I	O
.	O
Are	O
they	O
Israelites	O
?	O


So	O
am	O
I	O
.	O
Are	O
they	O
from	O
Abraham	O
's	O
family	O
?	O


So	O
am	O
I	O
.	O


Are	O
they	O
serving	O
Christ	O
?	O


I	O
am	O
serving	O
him	O
more	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
I	O
am	O
crazy	O
to	O
talk	O
like	O
this	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


I	O
have	O
worked	O
much	O
harder	O
than	O
they	O
have	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
been	O
in	O
prison	O
more	O
often	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
been	O
hurt	O
more	O
in	O
beatings	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
been	O
near	O
death	O
many	O
times	O
.	O


Five	O
times	O
the	O
Jews	O
have	O
given	O
me	O
their	O
punishment	O
of	O
39	O
lashes	O
with	O
a	O
whip	O
.	O


Three	O
different	O
times	O
I	O
was	O
beaten	O
with	O
rods	O
.	O


One	O
time	O
I	O
was	O
almost	O
killed	O
with	O
rocks	O
.	O


Three	O
times	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
ships	O
that	O
were	O
wrecked	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
times	O
I	O
spent	O
the	O
night	O
and	O
the	O
next	O
day	O
in	O
the	O
sea	O
.	O


In	O
my	O
constant	O
traveling	O
I	O
have	O
been	O
in	O
danger	O
from	O
rivers	O
,	O
from	O
thieves	O
,	O
from	O
my	O
own	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
been	O
in	O
danger	O
in	O
cities	O
,	O
in	O
places	O
where	O
no	O
one	O
lives	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
sea	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
have	O
been	O
in	O
danger	O
from	O
people	O
who	O
pretend	O
to	O
be	O
believers	O
but	O
are	O
not	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
done	O
hard	O
and	O
tiring	O
work	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
times	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
sleep	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
been	O
hungry	O
and	O
thirsty	O
.	O


Many	O
times	O
I	O
have	O
been	O
without	O
food	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
been	O
cold	O
and	O
without	O
clothes	O
.	O


And	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
other	O
problems	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
these	O
is	O
the	O
care	O
I	O
have	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
churches	O
.	O


I	O
worry	O
about	O
them	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


I	O
feel	O
weak	O
every	O
time	O
another	O
person	O
is	O
weak	O
.	O


I	O
feel	O
deeply	O
upset	O
every	O
time	O
another	O
person	O
is	O
led	O
into	O
sin	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
must	O
boast	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
boast	O
about	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
show	O
I	O
am	O
weak	O
.	O


God	O
knows	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
lying	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
God	O
and	O
Father	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
praised	O
forever	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
Damascus	O
,	O
the	O
governor	O
under	O
King	O
Aretas	O
wanted	O
to	O
arrest	O
me	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
put	O
guards	O
around	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
friends	O
put	O
me	O
in	O
a	O
basket	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
put	O
the	O
basket	O
through	O
a	O
hole	O
in	O
the	O
wall	O
and	O
lowered	O
me	O
down	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
escaped	O
from	O
the	O
governor	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
more	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
say	O
about	O
myself	O
.	O


It	O
wo	O
n't	O
help	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
will	O
talk	O
now	O
about	O
visions	O
and	O
revelations	O
from	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
a	O
man	O
in	O
Christ	O
who	O
was	O
taken	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
third	O
heaven	O
.	O


This	O
happened	O
14	O
years	O
ago	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
the	O
man	O
was	O
in	O
his	O
body	O
or	O
out	O
of	O
his	O
body	O
,	O
but	O
God	O
knows	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
this	O
man	O
was	O
taken	O
up	O
to	O
paradise	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
his	O
body	O
or	O
away	O
from	O
his	O
body	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
heard	O
things	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
explain	O
.	O


He	O
heard	O
things	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
allowed	O
to	O
tell	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
boast	O
about	O
a	O
man	O
like	O
that	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
boast	O
about	O
myself	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
boast	O
only	O
about	O
my	O
weaknesses	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
say	O
more	O
about	O
myself	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
a	O
fool	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
would	O
be	O
telling	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
wo	O
n't	O
say	O
any	O
more	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
people	O
to	O
think	O
more	O
of	O
me	O
than	O
what	O
they	O
see	O
me	O
do	O
or	O
hear	O
me	O
say	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
too	O
proud	O
of	O
the	O
wonderful	O
things	O
that	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


So	O
a	O
painful	O
problem	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
me	O
--	O
an	O
angel	O
from	O
Satan	O
,	O
sent	O
to	O
make	O
me	O
suffer	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
would	O
not	O
think	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
better	O
than	O
anyone	O
else	O
.	O


I	O
begged	O
the	O
Lord	O
three	O
times	O
to	O
take	O
this	O
problem	O
away	O
from	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Lord	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
My	O
grace	O
is	O
all	O
you	O
need	O
.	O


Only	O
when	O
you	O
are	O
weak	O
can	O
everything	O
be	O
done	O
completely	O
by	O
my	O
power	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
I	O
will	O
gladly	O
boast	O
about	O
my	O
weaknesses	O
.	O


Then	O
Christ	O
's	O
power	O
can	O
stay	O
in	O
me	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
glad	O
to	O
have	O
weaknesses	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
for	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
glad	O
to	O
be	O
insulted	O
and	O
have	O
hard	O
times	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
glad	O
when	O
I	O
am	O
persecuted	O
and	O
have	O
problems	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
when	O
I	O
am	O
weak	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
really	O
strong	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
been	O
talking	O
like	O
a	O
fool	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
made	O
me	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
people	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
should	O
say	O
good	O
things	O
about	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
worth	O
nothing	O
,	O
but	O
those	O
``	O
super	O
apostles	O
''	O
are	O
not	O
worth	O
any	O
more	O
than	O
I	O
am	O
!	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
with	O
you	O
,	O
I	O
patiently	O
did	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
prove	O
I	O
am	O
an	O
apostle	O
--	O
signs	O
,	O
wonders	O
,	O
and	O
miracles	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
received	O
everything	O
that	O
the	O
other	O
churches	O
have	O
received	O
.	O


Only	O
one	O
thing	O
was	O
different	O
:	O
I	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
burden	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Forgive	O
me	O
for	O
this	O
!	O


I	O
am	O
now	O
ready	O
to	O
visit	O
you	O
for	O
the	O
third	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
a	O
burden	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
own	O
.	O


I	O
only	O
want	O
you	O
.	O


Children	O
should	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
save	O
things	O
to	O
give	O
to	O
their	O
parents	O
.	O


Parents	O
should	O
save	O
to	O
give	O
to	O
their	O
children	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
am	O
happy	O
to	O
give	O
everything	O
I	O
have	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
even	O
give	O
myself	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
love	O
you	O
more	O
,	O
will	O
you	O
love	O
me	O
less	O
?	O


It	O
is	O
clear	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
burden	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
tricky	O
and	O
used	O
lies	O
to	O
catch	O
you	O
.	O


Did	O
I	O
cheat	O
you	O
by	O
using	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
men	O
I	O
sent	O
to	O
you	O
?	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
.	O


I	O
asked	O
Titus	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
sent	O
our	O
brother	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Titus	O
did	O
not	O
cheat	O
you	O
,	O
did	O
he	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
his	O
actions	O
and	O
his	O
attitude	O
were	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
ours	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
been	O
defending	O
ourselves	O
to	O
you	O
all	O
this	O
time	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
we	O
say	O
these	O
things	O
in	O
Christ	O
and	O
before	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
our	O
dear	O
friends	O
,	O
and	O
everything	O
we	O
do	O
is	O
to	O
make	O
you	O
stronger	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
this	O
because	O
I	O
am	O
afraid	O
that	O
when	O
I	O
come	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
what	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
am	O
afraid	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
me	O
to	O
be	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
afraid	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
find	O
arguing	O
,	O
jealousy	O
,	O
anger	O
,	O
selfish	O
fighting	O
,	O
evil	O
talk	O
,	O
gossip	O
,	O
pride	O
,	O
and	O
confusion	O
there	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
afraid	O
that	O
when	O
I	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
again	O
,	O
my	O
God	O
will	O
make	O
me	O
humble	O
before	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
may	O
have	O
to	O
cry	O
over	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
some	O
who	O
sinned	O
before	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
them	O
have	O
still	O
not	O
changed	O
their	O
hearts	O
to	O
be	O
sorry	O
for	O
their	O
evil	O
lives	O
,	O
their	O
sexual	O
sins	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
shameful	O
things	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
be	O
my	O
third	O
time	O
to	O
visit	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
remember	O
,	O
``	O
For	O
every	O
complaint	O
there	O
must	O
be	O
two	O
or	O
three	O
people	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
they	O
know	O
it	O
is	O
true	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
with	O
you	O
the	O
second	O
time	O
,	O
I	O
gave	O
a	O
warning	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
sinned	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
there	O
now	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
am	O
giving	O
another	O
warning	O
to	O
them	O
and	O
to	O
anyone	O
else	O
who	O
has	O
sinned	O
:	O
When	O
I	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
again	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
punish	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
want	O
proof	O
that	O
Christ	O
is	O
speaking	O
through	O
me	O
.	O


My	O
proof	O
is	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
weak	O
in	O
dealing	O
with	O
you	O
but	O
is	O
showing	O
his	O
power	O
among	O
you	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
true	O
that	O
Christ	O
was	O
weak	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
killed	O
on	O
the	O
cross	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
lives	O
now	O
by	O
God	O
's	O
power	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
also	O
true	O
that	O
we	O
share	O
his	O
weakness	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
dealing	O
with	O
you	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
alive	O
in	O
him	O
by	O
God	O
's	O
power	O
.	O


Look	O
closely	O
at	O
yourselves	O
.	O


Test	O
yourselves	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
living	O
in	O
the	O
faith	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
you	O
realize	O
that	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
is	O
in	O
you	O
?	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
fail	O
the	O
test	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
hope	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
not	O
failed	O
the	O
test	O
.	O


We	O
pray	O
to	O
God	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
do	O
anything	O
wrong	O
.	O


Our	O
concern	O
here	O
is	O
not	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
see	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
passed	O
the	O
test	O
in	O
our	O
work	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


Our	O
main	O
concern	O
is	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
it	O
looks	O
as	O
if	O
we	O
have	O
failed	O
the	O
test	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
not	O
do	O
anything	O
that	O
is	O
against	O
the	O
truth	O
but	O
only	O
what	O
promotes	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
happy	O
to	O
be	O
weak	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
strong	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
we	O
pray	O
--	O
that	O
your	O
lives	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
completely	O
right	O
again	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
writing	O
this	O
before	O
I	O
come	O
so	O
that	O
when	O
I	O
am	O
there	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
use	O
my	O
authority	O
to	O
punish	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
gave	O
me	O
that	O
authority	O
to	O
make	O
you	O
stronger	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
destroy	O
you	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
be	O
filled	O
with	O
joy	O
.	O


Try	O
to	O
make	O
everything	O
right	O
,	O
and	O
do	O
what	O
I	O
have	O
asked	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Agree	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
and	O
live	O
in	O
peace	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
love	O
and	O
peace	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


Give	O
each	O
other	O
the	O
special	O
greeting	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
here	O
send	O
you	O
their	O
greetings	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
enjoy	O
the	O
grace	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
,	O
the	O
love	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
fellowship	O
of	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Paul	O
,	O
an	O
apostle	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
chosen	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
apostle	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
by	O
any	O
group	O
or	O
person	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


My	O
authority	O
came	O
from	O
none	O
other	O
than	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
and	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
,	O
who	O
raised	O
Jesus	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


Greetings	O
also	O
from	O
all	O
those	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
family	O
who	O
are	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


To	O
the	O
churches	O
in	O
Galatia	O
:	O
I	O
pray	O
that	O
God	O
our	O
Father	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
will	O
be	O
good	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
give	O
you	O
peace	O
.	O


Jesus	O
gave	O
himself	O
for	O
our	O
sins	O
to	O
free	O
us	O
from	O
this	O
evil	O
world	O
we	O
live	O
in	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
our	O
Father	O
wanted	O
.	O


The	O
glory	O
belongs	O
to	O
God	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
.	O


Amen	O
.	O


A	O
short	O
time	O
ago	O
God	O
chose	O
you	O
to	O
follow	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
chose	O
you	O
through	O
his	O
grace	O
that	O
came	O
through	O
Christ	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
I	O
am	O
amazed	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
already	O
turning	O
away	O
and	O
believing	O
something	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
we	O
told	O
you	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
other	O
message	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
people	O
are	O
confusing	O
you	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
Christ	O
.	O


We	O
told	O
you	O
the	O
true	O
Good	O
News	O
message	O
.	O


So	O
anyone	O
who	O
tells	O
you	O
a	O
different	O
message	O
should	O
be	O
condemned	O
--	O
even	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
one	O
of	O
us	O
or	O
even	O
an	O
angel	O
from	O
heaven	O
!	O


I	O
said	O
this	O
before	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
say	O
it	O
again	O
:	O
You	O
have	O
already	O
accepted	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
tells	O
you	O
another	O
way	O
to	O
be	O
saved	O
should	O
be	O
condemned	O
!	O


Now	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
I	O
am	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
people	O
accept	O
me	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
God	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
I	O
am	O
trying	O
to	O
please	O
.	O


Am	O
I	O
trying	O
to	O
please	O
people	O
?	O


If	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
please	O
people	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
a	O
servant	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
message	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
was	O
not	O
made	O
up	O
by	O
anyone	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
not	O
get	O
my	O
message	O
from	O
any	O
other	O
human	O
.	O


The	O
Good	O
News	O
is	O
not	O
something	O
I	O
learned	O
from	O
other	O
people	O
.	O


Jesus	O
Christ	O
himself	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


He	O
showed	O
me	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
that	O
I	O
should	O
tell	O
people	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
heard	O
about	O
my	O
past	O
life	O
in	O
the	O
Jewish	O
religion	O
.	O


I	O
persecuted	O
the	O
church	O
of	O
God	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


I	O
tried	O
to	O
destroy	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
becoming	O
a	O
leader	O
in	O
the	O
Jewish	O
religion	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
better	O
than	O
most	O
other	O
Jews	O
my	O
own	O
age	O
.	O


I	O
tried	O
harder	O
than	O
anyone	O
else	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
traditions	O
we	O
got	O
from	O
our	O
ancestors	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
had	O
special	O
plans	O
for	O
me	O
even	O
before	O
I	O
was	O
born	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
chose	O
me	O
through	O
his	O
grace	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
me	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
his	O
Son	O
to	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


So	O
God	O
let	O
me	O
see	O
and	O
learn	O
about	O
his	O
Son	O
.	O


When	O
this	O
happened	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
get	O
advice	O
or	O
help	O
from	O
anyone	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
not	O
go	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
to	O
see	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
apostles	O
before	O
I	O
was	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
without	O
waiting	O
,	O
I	O
went	O
away	O
to	O
Arabia	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
I	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Damascus	O
.	O


Three	O
years	O
later	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
to	O
meet	O
Peter	O
.	O


I	O
stayed	O
with	O
him	O
15	O
days	O
.	O


I	O
met	O
no	O
other	O
apostles	O
--	O
only	O
James	O
,	O
the	O
brother	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


God	O
knows	O
there	O
is	O
nothing	O
untrue	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
this	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
Syria	O
and	O
Cilicia	O
.	O


The	O
groups	O
of	O
believers	O
in	O
Judea	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
Christ	O
had	O
never	O
met	O
me	O
before	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
only	O
heard	O
this	O
about	O
me	O
:	O
``	O
This	O
man	O
was	O
persecuting	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
he	O
is	O
telling	O
people	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
faith	O
that	O
he	O
once	O
tried	O
to	O
destroy	O
.	O
''	O


These	O
believers	O
praised	O
God	O
because	O
of	O
me	O
.	O


After	O
14	O
years	O
I	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
Jerusalem	O
with	O
Barnabas	O
and	O
took	O
Titus	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
went	O
there	O
because	O
God	O
showed	O
me	O
that	O
I	O
should	O
go	O
.	O


I	O
explained	O
to	O
them	O
the	O
message	O
that	O
I	O
tell	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
also	O
met	O
alone	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
leaders	O
.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
be	O
sure	O
we	O
were	O
in	O
agreement	O
so	O
that	O
my	O
past	O
work	O
and	O
the	O
work	O
I	O
do	O
now	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
wasted	O
.	O


Titus	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
with	O
me	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
Greek	O
.	O


But	O
these	O
leaders	O
still	O
did	O
not	O
force	O
him	O
to	O
be	O
circumcised	O
.	O


We	O
needed	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
these	O
problems	O
,	O
because	O
some	O
who	O
pretended	O
to	O
be	O
our	O
brothers	O
had	O
come	O
into	O
our	O
group	O
secretly	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
in	O
like	O
spies	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
about	O
the	O
freedom	O
we	O
have	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
to	O
make	O
us	O
slaves	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
did	O
not	O
agree	O
with	O
anything	O
those	O
false	O
brothers	O
wanted	O
.	O


We	O
wanted	O
the	O
truth	O
of	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
to	O
continue	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Those	O
men	O
who	O
were	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
important	O
did	O
not	O
change	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
message	O
I	O
tell	O
people	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
It	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
to	O
me	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
``	O
important	O
''	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


To	O
God	O
everyone	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


But	O
these	O
leaders	O
saw	O
that	O
God	O
had	O
given	O
me	O
a	O
special	O
work	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
Peter	O
.	O


God	O
gave	O
Peter	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
telling	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
to	O
the	O
Jews	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
gave	O
me	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
telling	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
to	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


God	O
gave	O
Peter	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
work	O
as	O
an	O
apostle	O
for	O
the	O
Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


God	O
gave	O
me	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
work	O
as	O
an	O
apostle	O
too	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
.	O


James	O
,	O
Peter	O
,	O
and	O
John	O
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
leaders	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
saw	O
that	O
God	O
had	O
given	O
me	O
this	O
special	O
gift	O
of	O
ministry	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
accepted	O
Barnabas	O
and	O
me	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
us	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
agree	O
that	O
you	O
should	O
go	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
will	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
Jews	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
asked	O
us	O
to	O
do	O
only	O
one	O
thing	O
--	O
to	O
remember	O
to	O
help	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
poor	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
was	O
something	O
that	O
I	O
really	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


When	O
Peter	O
came	O
to	O
Antioch	O
,	O
he	O
did	O
something	O
that	O
was	O
not	O
right	O
.	O


I	O
stood	O
against	O
him	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
wrong	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
happened	O
:	O
When	O
Peter	O
first	O
came	O
to	O
Antioch	O
,	O
he	O
ate	O
and	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
some	O
Jewish	O
men	O
came	O
from	O
James	O
,	O
Peter	O
separated	O
himself	O
from	O
the	O
non-Jews	O
.	O


He	O
stopped	O
eating	O
with	O
them	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
afraid	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	O
who	O
believe	O
that	O
all	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
must	O
be	O
circumcised	O
.	O


So	O
Peter	O
was	O
a	O
hypocrite	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
Jewish	O
believers	O
joined	O
with	O
him	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
were	O
hypocrites	O
too	O
.	O


Even	O
Barnabas	O
was	O
influenced	O
by	O
what	O
these	O
Jewish	O
believers	O
did	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
not	O
following	O
the	O
truth	O
of	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
saw	O
this	O
,	O
I	O
spoke	O
to	O
Peter	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
everyone	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Peter	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
Jew	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
live	O
like	O
one	O
.	O


You	O
live	O
like	O
someone	O
who	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
Jew	O
.	O


So	O
why	O
are	O
you	O
trying	O
to	O
force	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jewish	O
to	O
live	O
like	O
Jews	O
?	O
''	O


We	O
are	O
Jews	O
by	O
birth	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
not	O
born	O
``	O
sinners	O
,	O
''	O
as	O
we	O
call	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
by	O
following	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
trusting	O
in	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
that	O
makes	O
a	O
person	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
have	O
put	O
our	O
faith	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
,	O
because	O
we	O
wanted	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
are	O
right	O
with	O
him	O
because	O
we	O
trusted	O
in	O
Christ	O
--	O
not	O
because	O
we	O
followed	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
by	O
following	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


We	O
Jews	O
came	O
to	O
Christ	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
is	O
clear	O
that	O
we	O
were	O
sinners	O
too	O
.	O


Does	O
this	O
mean	O
that	O
Christ	O
makes	O
us	O
sinners	O
?	O


Of	O
course	O
not	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
would	O
be	O
wrong	O
to	O
begin	O
teaching	O
again	O
those	O
things	O
that	O
I	O
gave	O
up	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
law	O
itself	O
that	O
caused	O
me	O
to	O
end	O
my	O
life	O
under	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


I	O
died	O
to	O
the	O
law	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
could	O
live	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
been	O
nailed	O
to	O
the	O
cross	O
with	O
Christ	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
the	O
one	O
living	O
now	O
--	O
it	O
is	O
Christ	O
living	O
in	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
still	O
live	O
in	O
my	O
body	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
live	O
by	O
faith	O
in	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
loved	O
me	O
and	O
gave	O
himself	O
to	O
save	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
the	O
one	O
destroying	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
.	O


If	O
following	O
the	O
law	O
is	O
how	O
people	O
are	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
,	O
then	O
Christ	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
die	O
.	O


You	O
people	O
in	O
Galatia	O
are	O
so	O
foolish	O
!	O


Why	O
do	O
I	O
say	O
this	O
?	O


Because	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
very	O
clearly	O
about	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
on	O
the	O
cross	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
it	O
seems	O
as	O
though	O
you	O
have	O
let	O
someone	O
use	O
their	O
magical	O
powers	O
to	O
make	O
you	O
forget	O
.	O


Tell	O
me	O
this	O
one	O
thing	O
:	O
How	O
did	O
you	O
receive	O
the	O
Spirit	O
?	O


Did	O
you	O
receive	O
the	O
Spirit	O
by	O
following	O
the	O
law	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
you	O
received	O
the	O
Spirit	O
because	O
you	O
heard	O
the	O
message	O
about	O
Jesus	O
and	O
believed	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
began	O
your	O
life	O
in	O
Christ	O
with	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


Now	O
do	O
you	O
try	O
to	O
complete	O
it	O
by	O
your	O
own	O
power	O
?	O


That	O
is	O
foolish	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
experienced	O
many	O
things	O
.	O


Were	O
all	O
those	O
experiences	O
wasted	O
?	O


I	O
hope	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
wasted	O
!	O


Does	O
God	O
give	O
you	O
the	O
Spirit	O
because	O
you	O
follow	O
the	O
law	O
?	O


Does	O
God	O
work	O
miracles	O
among	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
follow	O
the	O
law	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
God	O
gives	O
you	O
his	O
Spirit	O
and	O
works	O
miracles	O
among	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
heard	O
the	O
message	O
about	O
Jesus	O
and	O
believed	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
about	O
Abraham	O
.	O


``	O
Abraham	O
believed	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
because	O
of	O
this	O
faith	O
he	O
was	O
accepted	O
as	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
you	O
should	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
true	O
children	O
of	O
Abraham	O
are	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
faith	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
told	O
what	O
would	O
happen	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


These	O
writings	O
said	O
that	O
God	O
would	O
make	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
right	O
through	O
their	O
faith	O
.	O


God	O
told	O
this	O
Good	O
News	O
to	O
Abraham	O
before	O
it	O
happened	O
.	O


God	O
said	O
to	O
Abraham	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
use	O
you	O
to	O
bless	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O
''	O


Abraham	O
believed	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
because	O
he	O
believed	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
blessed	O
.	O


All	O
people	O
who	O
believe	O
are	O
blessed	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
Abraham	O
was	O
.	O


But	O
people	O
who	O
depend	O
on	O
following	O
the	O
law	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
right	O
are	O
under	O
a	O
curse	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
They	O
must	O
do	O
everything	O
that	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
always	O
obey	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
under	O
a	O
curse	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
it	O
is	O
clear	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
by	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
by	O
faith	O
will	O
live	O
forever	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
law	O
does	O
not	O
depend	O
on	O
faith	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
it	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
a	O
person	O
will	O
find	O
life	O
by	O
the	O
law	O
is	O
to	O
obey	O
its	O
commands	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
says	O
we	O
are	O
under	O
a	O
curse	O
for	O
not	O
always	O
obeying	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
Christ	O
took	O
away	O
that	O
curse	O
.	O


He	O
changed	O
places	O
with	O
us	O
and	O
put	O
himself	O
under	O
that	O
curse	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Anyone	O
who	O
is	O
hung	O
on	O
a	O
tree	O
is	O
under	O
a	O
curse	O
.	O
''	O


Because	O
of	O
what	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
did	O
,	O
the	O
blessing	O
God	O
promised	O
to	O
Abraham	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


Christ	O
died	O
so	O
that	O
by	O
believing	O
in	O
him	O
we	O
could	O
have	O
the	O
Spirit	O
that	O
God	O
promised	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
let	O
me	O
give	O
you	O
an	O
example	O
from	O
everyday	O
life	O
:	O
Think	O
about	O
an	O
agreement	O
that	O
one	O
person	O
makes	O
with	O
another	O
.	O


After	O
that	O
agreement	O
is	O
made	O
official	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
stop	O
it	O
or	O
add	O
anything	O
to	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
ignore	O
it	O
.	O


God	O
made	O
promises	O
to	O
Abraham	O
and	O
his	O
Descendant	O
.	O


The	O
Scripture	O
does	O
not	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
and	O
to	O
your	O
descendants	O
.	O
''	O


That	O
would	O
mean	O
many	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
and	O
to	O
your	O
Descendant	O
.	O
''	O


That	O
means	O
only	O
one	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
one	O
is	O
Christ	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O
:	O
The	O
agreement	O
that	O
God	O
gave	O
to	O
Abraham	O
was	O
made	O
official	O
long	O
before	O
the	O
law	O
came	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
came	O
430	O
years	O
later	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
law	O
could	O
not	O
take	O
away	O
the	O
agreement	O
and	O
change	O
God	O
's	O
promise	O
.	O


Can	O
following	O
the	O
law	O
give	O
us	O
the	O
blessing	O
God	O
promised	O
?	O


If	O
we	O
could	O
receive	O
it	O
by	O
following	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
God	O
's	O
promise	O
that	O
brings	O
it	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
freely	O
gave	O
his	O
blessings	O
to	O
Abraham	O
through	O
the	O
promise	O
God	O
made	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
was	O
the	O
law	O
for	O
?	O


The	O
law	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
wrong	O
things	O
people	O
do	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
would	O
continue	O
until	O
the	O
special	O
Descendant	O
of	O
Abraham	O
came	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
Descendant	O
mentioned	O
in	O
the	O
promise	O
,	O
which	O
came	O
directly	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
law	O
was	O
given	O
through	O
angels	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
angels	O
used	O
Moses	O
as	O
a	O
mediator	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
law	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
God	O
gave	O
the	O
promise	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
mediator	O
,	O
because	O
a	O
mediator	O
is	O
not	O
needed	O
when	O
there	O
is	O
only	O
one	O
side	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
is	O
one	O
.	O


Does	O
this	O
mean	O
that	O
the	O
law	O
works	O
against	O
God	O
's	O
promises	O
?	O


Of	O
course	O
not	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
was	O
never	O
God	O
's	O
way	O
of	O
giving	O
new	O
life	O
to	O
people	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
were	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
could	O
be	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
by	O
following	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
possible	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
put	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
in	O
prison	O
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
sin	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
get	O
what	O
God	O
promised	O
would	O
be	O
through	O
faith	O
in	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
given	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
believe	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


Before	O
this	O
faith	O
came	O
,	O
the	O
law	O
held	O
us	O
as	O
prisoners	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
no	O
freedom	O
until	O
God	O
showed	O
us	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
faith	O
that	O
was	O
coming	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
the	O
law	O
was	O
the	O
guardian	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
us	O
until	O
Christ	O
came	O
.	O


After	O
he	O
came	O
,	O
we	O
could	O
be	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
through	O
faith	O
.	O


Now	O
that	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
faith	O
has	O
come	O
,	O
we	O
no	O
longer	O
need	O
the	O
law	O
to	O
be	O
our	O
guardian	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
all	O
baptized	O
into	O
Christ	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
you	O
were	O
all	O
clothed	O
with	O
Christ	O
.	O


This	O
shows	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
all	O
children	O
of	O
God	O
through	O
faith	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
in	O
Christ	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
Jew	O
or	O
a	O
Greek	O
,	O
a	O
slave	O
or	O
free	O
,	O
male	O
or	O
female	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
all	O
the	O
same	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


You	O
belong	O
to	O
Christ	O
,	O
so	O
you	O
are	O
Abraham	O
's	O
descendants	O
.	O


You	O
get	O
all	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
blessings	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
promise	O
that	O
God	O
made	O
to	O
Abraham	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
am	O
saying	O
:	O
When	O
young	O
children	O
inherit	O
all	O
that	O
their	O
father	O
owned	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
still	O
no	O
different	O
from	O
his	O
slaves	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
that	O
they	O
own	O
everything	O
.	O


While	O
they	O
are	O
children	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
obey	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
chosen	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
they	O
reach	O
the	O
age	O
the	O
father	O
set	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
free	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
once	O
like	O
children	O
,	O
slaves	O
to	O
the	O
useless	O
rules	O
of	O
this	O
world	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
came	O
,	O
God	O
sent	O
his	O
Son	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
born	O
from	O
a	O
woman	O
and	O
lived	O
under	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


God	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
buy	O
the	O
freedom	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
under	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
purpose	O
was	O
to	O
make	O
us	O
his	O
children	O
.	O


Since	O
you	O
are	O
now	O
God	O
's	O
children	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
sent	O
the	O
Spirit	O
of	O
his	O
Son	O
into	O
your	O
hearts	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
cries	O
out	O
,	O
``	O
Abba	O
,	O
Father	O
.	O
''	O


Now	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
slaves	O
like	O
before	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
children	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
receive	O
everything	O
he	O
promised	O
his	O
children	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
slaves	O
to	O
gods	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
real	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
true	O
God	O
.	O


Really	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
God	O
who	O
knows	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
turn	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
kind	O
of	O
weak	O
and	O
useless	O
rules	O
you	O
followed	O
before	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
slaves	O
to	O
those	O
things	O
again	O
?	O


It	O
worries	O
me	O
that	O
you	O
follow	O
teachings	O
about	O
special	O
days	O
,	O
months	O
,	O
seasons	O
,	O
and	O
years	O
.	O


I	O
fear	O
that	O
my	O
work	O
for	O
you	O
has	O
been	O
wasted	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
became	O
like	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
please	O
become	O
like	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
very	O
good	O
to	O
me	O
before	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
came	O
to	O
you	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
because	O
I	O
was	O
sick	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
when	O
I	O
told	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


My	O
sickness	O
was	O
a	O
burden	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
stop	O
showing	O
me	O
respect	O
or	O
make	O
me	O
leave	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
you	O
welcomed	O
me	O
as	O
if	O
I	O
were	O
an	O
angel	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
accepted	O
me	O
as	O
if	O
I	O
were	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
himself	O
!	O


You	O
were	O
very	O
happy	O
then	O
.	O


Where	O
is	O
that	O
joy	O
now	O
?	O


I	O
can	O
say	O
without	O
a	O
doubt	O
that	O
you	O
would	O
have	O
done	O
anything	O
to	O
help	O
me	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
possible	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
have	O
taken	O
out	O
your	O
own	O
eyes	O
and	O
given	O
them	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


Am	O
I	O
now	O
your	O
enemy	O
because	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
the	O
truth	O
?	O


Those	O
people	O
are	O
working	O
hard	O
to	O
persuade	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
good	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
to	O
persuade	O
you	O
to	O
turn	O
against	O
us	O
and	O
work	O
hard	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
good	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
work	O
hard	O
,	O
Of	O
course	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
for	O
something	O
good	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
something	O
you	O
should	O
do	O
whether	O
I	O
am	O
there	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


My	O
little	O
children	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
in	O
pain	O
again	O
over	O
you	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
mother	O
giving	O
birth	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
feel	O
this	O
pain	O
until	O
people	O
can	O
look	O
at	O
you	O
and	O
see	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
wish	O
I	O
could	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
now	O
.	O


Then	O
maybe	O
I	O
could	O
change	O
the	O
way	O
I	O
am	O
talking	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
about	O
you	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
you	O
people	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
under	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


Tell	O
me	O
,	O
do	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
the	O
law	O
says	O
?	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
that	O
Abraham	O
had	O
two	O
sons	O
.	O


The	O
mother	O
of	O
one	O
son	O
was	O
a	O
slave	O
woman	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
mother	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
son	O
was	O
a	O
free	O
woman	O
.	O


Abraham	O
's	O
son	O
from	O
the	O
slave	O
woman	O
was	O
born	O
in	O
the	O
normal	O
human	O
way	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
son	O
from	O
the	O
free	O
woman	O
was	O
born	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
promise	O
God	O
made	O
to	O
Abraham	O
.	O


This	O
true	O
story	O
makes	O
a	O
picture	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


The	O
two	O
women	O
are	O
like	O
the	O
two	O
agreements	O
between	O
God	O
and	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


One	O
agreement	O
is	O
the	O
law	O
that	O
God	O
made	O
on	O
Mount	O
Sinai	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
under	O
this	O
agreement	O
are	O
like	O
slaves	O
.	O


The	O
mother	O
named	O
Hagar	O
is	O
like	O
that	O
agreement	O
.	O


So	O
Hagar	O
is	O
like	O
Mount	O
Sinai	O
in	O
Arabia	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
a	O
picture	O
of	O
the	O
earthly	O
Jewish	O
city	O
of	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


This	O
city	O
is	O
a	O
slave	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
its	O
people	O
are	O
slaves	O
to	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
heavenly	O
Jerusalem	O
that	O
is	O
above	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
free	O
woman	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
our	O
mother	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
happy	O
,	O
woman	O
--	O
you	O
who	O
can	O
not	O
have	O
children	O
.	O


Be	O
glad	O
you	O
never	O
gave	O
birth	O
.	O


Shout	O
and	O
cry	O
with	O
joy	O
!	O


You	O
never	O
felt	O
those	O
labor	O
pains	O
.	O


The	O
woman	O
who	O
is	O
alone	O
will	O
have	O
more	O
children	O
than	O
the	O
woman	O
who	O
has	O
a	O
husband	O
.	O
''	O


My	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
children	O
who	O
were	O
born	O
because	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
promise	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
Isaac	O
was	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
other	O
son	O
of	O
Abraham	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
born	O
in	O
the	O
normal	O
way	O
,	O
caused	O
trouble	O
for	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
born	O
by	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
today	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
do	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
?	O


``	O
Throw	O
out	O
the	O
slave	O
woman	O
and	O
her	O
son	O
!	O


The	O
son	O
of	O
the	O
free	O
woman	O
will	O
receive	O
everything	O
his	O
father	O
has	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
the	O
slave	O
woman	O
will	O
receive	O
nothing	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
,	O
my	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
children	O
of	O
the	O
slave	O
woman	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
children	O
of	O
the	O
free	O
woman	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
freedom	O
now	O
,	O
because	O
Christ	O
made	O
us	O
free	O
.	O


So	O
stand	O
strong	O
in	O
that	O
freedom	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
go	O
back	O
into	O
slavery	O
again	O
.	O


Listen	O
!	O


I	O
,	O
Paul	O
,	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
if	O
you	O
start	O
following	O
the	O
law	O
by	O
being	O
circumcised	O
,	O
then	O
Christ	O
can	O
not	O
help	O
you	O
.	O


Again	O
,	O
I	O
warn	O
everyone	O
:	O
If	O
you	O
allow	O
yourselves	O
to	O
be	O
circumcised	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
must	O
follow	O
the	O
whole	O
law	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
try	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
through	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
your	O
life	O
with	O
Christ	O
is	O
finished	O
--	O
you	O
have	O
left	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
our	O
hope	O
of	O
being	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
comes	O
through	O
faith	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Spirit	O
helps	O
us	O
feel	O
sure	O
as	O
we	O
wait	O
for	O
that	O
hope	O
.	O


When	O
someone	O
belongs	O
to	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
circumcised	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


The	O
important	O
thing	O
is	O
faith	O
--	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
faith	O
that	O
works	O
through	O
love	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
doing	O
so	O
well	O
.	O


Who	O
caused	O
you	O
to	O
stop	O
following	O
the	O
truth	O
?	O


It	O
certainly	O
was	O
n't	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
chose	O
you	O
.	O


Be	O
careful	O
!	O


``	O
Just	O
a	O
little	O
yeast	O
makes	O
the	O
whole	O
batch	O
of	O
dough	O
rise	O
.	O
''	O


I	O
trust	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
believe	O
those	O
different	O
ideas	O
.	O


Someone	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
confuse	O
you	O
.	O


Whoever	O
it	O
is	O
will	O
be	O
punished	O
.	O


My	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
teach	O
that	O
a	O
man	O
must	O
be	O
circumcised	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
do	O
teach	O
circumcision	O
,	O
then	O
why	O
am	O
I	O
still	O
being	O
persecuted	O
?	O


If	O
I	O
still	O
taught	O
circumcision	O
,	O
then	O
my	O
message	O
about	O
the	O
cross	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
a	O
problem	O
.	O


I	O
wish	O
those	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
bothering	O
you	O
would	O
add	O
castration	O
to	O
their	O
circumcision	O
.	O


My	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
God	O
chose	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
free	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
use	O
your	O
freedom	O
as	O
an	O
excuse	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
pleases	O
your	O
sinful	O
selves	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
serve	O
each	O
other	O
with	O
love	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
law	O
is	O
made	O
complete	O
in	O
this	O
one	O
command	O
:	O
``	O
Love	O
your	O
neighbor	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
you	O
love	O
yourself	O
.	O
''	O


If	O
you	O
continue	O
hurting	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
tearing	O
each	O
other	O
apart	O
,	O
be	O
careful	O
,	O
or	O
you	O
will	O
completely	O
destroy	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
live	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
Spirit	O
leads	O
you	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
do	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
your	O
sinful	O
self	O
wants	O
.	O


The	O
sinful	O
self	O
wants	O
what	O
is	O
against	O
the	O
Spirit	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Spirit	O
wants	O
what	O
is	O
against	O
the	O
sinful	O
self	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
always	O
fighting	O
against	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
what	O
you	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
let	O
the	O
Spirit	O
lead	O
you	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
under	O
law	O
.	O


The	O
wrong	O
things	O
the	O
sinful	O
self	O
does	O
are	O
clear	O
:	O


committing	O
sexual	O
sin	O
,	O
being	O
morally	O
bad	O
,	O
doing	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
shameful	O
things	O
,	O
worshiping	O
false	O
gods	O
,	O
taking	O
part	O
in	O
witchcraft	O
,	O
hating	O
people	O
,	O
causing	O
trouble	O
,	O
being	O
jealous	O
,	O
angry	O
or	O
selfish	O
,	O
causing	O
people	O
to	O
argue	O
and	O
divide	O
into	O
separate	O
groups	O
,	O
being	O
filled	O
with	O
envy	O
,	O
getting	O
drunk	O
,	O
having	O
wild	O
parties	O
,	O
and	O
doing	O
other	O
things	O
like	O
this	O
.	O


I	O
warn	O
you	O
now	O
as	O
I	O
warned	O
you	O
before	O
:	O
The	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
these	O
things	O
will	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
part	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
fruit	O
that	O
the	O
Spirit	O
produces	O
in	O
a	O
person	O
's	O
life	O
is	O
love	O
,	O
joy	O
,	O
peace	O
,	O
patience	O
,	O
kindness	O
,	O
goodness	O
,	O
faithfulness	O
,	O
gentleness	O
,	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
control	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
law	O
against	O
these	O
kinds	O
of	O
things	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
have	O
crucified	O
their	O
sinful	O
self	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
given	O
up	O
their	O
old	O
selfish	O
feelings	O
and	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


We	O
get	O
our	O
new	O
life	O
from	O
the	O
Spirit	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
should	O
follow	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
not	O
feel	O
proud	O
and	O
boast	O
about	O
ourselves	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
not	O
cause	O
trouble	O
for	O
each	O
other	O
or	O
be	O
jealous	O
of	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
someone	O
in	O
your	O
group	O
might	O
do	O
something	O
wrong	O
.	O


You	O
who	O
are	O
following	O
the	O
Spirit	O
should	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
sinning	O
.	O


Help	O
make	O
that	O
person	O
right	O
again	O
,	O
and	O
do	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
gentle	O
way	O
.	O


But	O
be	O
careful	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
might	O
be	O
tempted	O
to	O
sin	O
too	O
.	O


Help	O
each	O
other	O
with	O
your	O
troubles	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
obeying	O
the	O
law	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
are	O
too	O
important	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
only	O
fooling	O
yourself	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
compare	O
yourself	O
with	O
others	O
.	O


Just	O
look	O
at	O
your	O
own	O
work	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
done	O
anything	O
to	O
be	O
proud	O
of	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
each	O
accept	O
the	O
responsibilities	O
that	O
are	O
yours	O
.	O


Whoever	O
is	O
being	O
taught	O
God	O
's	O
word	O
should	O
share	O
the	O
good	O
things	O
they	O
have	O
with	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
teaching	O
them	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
can	O
fool	O
God	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
only	O
fooling	O
yourselves	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
harvest	O
what	O
you	O
plant	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
live	O
to	O
satisfy	O
your	O
sinful	O
self	O
,	O
the	O
harvest	O
you	O
will	O
get	O
from	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
eternal	O
death	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
live	O
to	O
please	O
the	O
Spirit	O
,	O
your	O
harvest	O
from	O
the	O
Spirit	O
will	O
be	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
not	O
get	O
tired	O
of	O
doing	O
good	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
receive	O
our	O
harvest	O
of	O
eternal	O
life	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
not	O
give	O
up	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
have	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
do	O
good	O
to	O
anyone	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
should	O
give	O
special	O
attention	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
believers	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
my	O
own	O
handwriting	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
see	O
how	O
big	O
the	O
letters	O
are	O
.	O


Those	O
men	O
who	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
force	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
circumcised	O
are	O
only	O
doing	O
it	O
so	O
that	O
their	O
people	O
will	O
accept	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
afraid	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
persecuted	O
if	O
they	O
follow	O
only	O
the	O
cross	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
circumcised	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
obey	O
the	O
law	O
themselves	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
circumcised	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
boast	O
about	O
what	O
they	O
did	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
I	O
will	O
never	O
boast	O
about	O
things	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


The	O
cross	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
is	O
my	O
only	O
reason	O
for	O
boasting	O
.	O


Through	O
Jesus	O
'	O
death	O
on	O
the	O
cross	O
the	O
world	O
is	O
dead	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
dead	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
if	O
anyone	O
is	O
circumcised	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
thing	O
that	O
matters	O
is	O
this	O
new	O
life	O
we	O
have	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


Peace	O
and	O
mercy	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
follow	O
this	O
rule	O
--	O
to	O
all	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
n't	O
give	O
me	O
any	O
more	O
trouble	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
scars	O
on	O
my	O
body	O
that	O
show	O
I	O
belong	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


My	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
pray	O
that	O
the	O
grace	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
your	O
spirits	O
.	O


Amen	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Paul	O
,	O
an	O
apostle	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
an	O
apostle	O
because	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
wanted	O
.	O


To	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
living	O
in	O
Ephesus	O
,	O
believers	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Grace	O
and	O
peace	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
God	O
our	O
Father	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Praise	O
be	O
to	O
the	O
God	O
and	O
Father	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


In	O
Christ	O
,	O
God	O
has	O
given	O
us	O
every	O
spiritual	O
blessing	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


In	O
Christ	O
,	O
he	O
chose	O
us	O
before	O
the	O
world	O
was	O
made	O
.	O


He	O
chose	O
us	O
in	O
love	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
holy	O
people	O
--	O
people	O
who	O
could	O
stand	O
before	O
him	O
without	O
any	O
fault	O
.	O


And	O
before	O
the	O
world	O
was	O
made	O
,	O
God	O
decided	O
to	O
make	O
us	O
his	O
own	O
children	O
through	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
what	O
God	O
wanted	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
pleased	O
him	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
brings	O
praise	O
to	O
God	O
because	O
of	O
his	O
wonderful	O
grace	O
.	O


God	O
gave	O
that	O
grace	O
to	O
us	O
freely	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
us	O
that	O
grace	O
in	O
Christ	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
he	O
loves	O
.	O


In	O
Christ	O
we	O
are	O
made	O
free	O
by	O
his	O
blood	O
sacrifice	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
forgiveness	O
of	O
sins	O
because	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
rich	O
grace	O
.	O


God	O
gave	O
us	O
that	O
grace	O
fully	O
and	O
freely	O
.	O


With	O
full	O
wisdom	O
and	O
understanding	O
he	O
let	O
us	O
know	O
his	O
secret	O
plan	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
what	O
God	O
wanted	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
planned	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
through	O
Christ	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
finish	O
his	O
plan	O
when	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
came	O
.	O


He	O
planned	O
that	O
all	O
things	O
in	O
heaven	O
and	O
on	O
earth	O
be	O
joined	O
together	O
with	O
Christ	O
as	O
the	O
head	O
.	O


In	O
Christ	O
we	O
were	O
chosen	O
to	O
be	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


God	O
had	O
already	O
planned	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
people	O
,	O
because	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
he	O
wanted	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
makes	O
everything	O
agree	O
with	O
what	O
he	O
decides	O
and	O
wants	O
.	O


We	O
Jews	O
were	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
hope	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
were	O
chosen	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
would	O
bring	O
praise	O
to	O
God	O
in	O
all	O
his	O
glory	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
heard	O
the	O
true	O
message	O
,	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
your	O
salvation	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
heard	O
that	O
Good	O
News	O
,	O
you	O
believed	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
Christ	O
,	O
God	O
put	O
his	O
special	O
mark	O
on	O
you	O
by	O
giving	O
you	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
that	O
he	O
promised	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
payment	O
that	O
guarantees	O
we	O
will	O
get	O
all	O
that	O
God	O
has	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
will	O
enjoy	O
complete	O
freedom	O
as	O
people	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
goal	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
is	O
the	O
praise	O
of	O
God	O
in	O
all	O
his	O
glory	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
always	O
remember	O
you	O
in	O
my	O
prayers	O
and	O
thank	O
God	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
done	O
this	O
ever	O
since	O
I	O
heard	O
about	O
your	O
faith	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
and	O
your	O
love	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
always	O
pray	O
to	O
the	O
great	O
and	O
glorious	O
Father	O
,	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
the	O
Spirit	O
,	O
who	O
will	O
let	O
you	O
know	O
truths	O
about	O
God	O
and	O
help	O
you	O
understand	O
them	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
know	O
him	O
better	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
God	O
will	O
open	O
your	O
minds	O
to	O
see	O
his	O
truth	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
know	O
the	O
hope	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
chosen	O
us	O
to	O
have	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
blessings	O
God	O
has	O
promised	O
his	O
holy	O
people	O
are	O
rich	O
and	O
glorious	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
God	O
's	O
power	O
is	O
very	O
great	O
for	O
us	O
who	O
believe	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
mighty	O
power	O
he	O
used	O
to	O
raise	O
Christ	O
from	O
death	O
and	O
put	O
him	O
at	O
his	O
right	O
side	O
in	O
the	O
heavenly	O
places	O
.	O


He	O
put	O
Christ	O
over	O
all	O
rulers	O
,	O
authorities	O
,	O
powers	O
,	O
and	O
kings	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
him	O
authority	O
over	O
everything	O
that	O
has	O
power	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
next	O
world	O
.	O


God	O
put	O
everything	O
under	O
Christ	O
's	O
power	O
and	O
made	O
him	O
head	O
over	O
everything	O
for	O
the	O
church	O
.	O


The	O
church	O
is	O
Christ	O
's	O
body	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
filled	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
makes	O
everything	O
complete	O
in	O
every	O
way	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
you	O
were	O
spiritually	O
dead	O
because	O
of	O
your	O
sins	O
and	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
did	O
against	O
God	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
your	O
lives	O
were	O
full	O
of	O
those	O
sins	O
.	O


You	O
lived	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
world	O
lives	O
,	O
following	O
the	O
ruler	O
of	O
the	O
evil	O
powers	O
over	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


That	O
same	O
spirit	O
is	O
now	O
working	O
in	O
those	O
who	O
refuse	O
to	O
obey	O
God	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
lived	O
like	O
that	O
,	O
trying	O
to	O
please	O
our	O
sinful	O
selves	O
.	O


We	O
did	O
all	O
the	O
things	O
our	O
bodies	O
and	O
minds	O
wanted	O
.	O


Like	O
everyone	O
else	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
we	O
deserved	O
to	O
suffer	O
God	O
's	O
anger	O
just	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
were	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
is	O
rich	O
in	O
mercy	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
loved	O
us	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
spiritually	O
dead	O
because	O
of	O
all	O
we	O
had	O
done	O
against	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
gave	O
us	O
new	O
life	O
together	O
with	O
Christ	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
You	O
have	O
been	O
saved	O
by	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Yes	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
because	O
we	O
are	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
that	O
God	O
raised	O
us	O
from	O
death	O
and	O
seated	O
us	O
together	O
with	O
him	O
in	O
the	O
heavenly	O
places	O
.	O


God	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
his	O
kindness	O
to	O
us	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
would	O
clearly	O
show	O
for	O
all	O
time	O
to	O
come	O
the	O
amazing	O
richness	O
of	O
his	O
grace	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
saved	O
by	O
grace	O
because	O
you	O
believed	O
.	O


You	O
did	O
not	O
save	O
yourselves	O
;	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
gift	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
not	O
saved	O
by	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
have	O
done	O
,	O
so	O
there	O
is	O
nothing	O
to	O
boast	O
about	O
.	O


God	O
has	O
made	O
us	O
what	O
we	O
are	O
.	O


In	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
,	O
God	O
made	O
us	O
new	O
people	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
would	O
spend	O
our	O
lives	O
doing	O
the	O
good	O
things	O
he	O
had	O
already	O
planned	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
not	O
born	O
as	O
Jews	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
the	O
people	O
the	O
Jews	O
call	O
``	O
uncircumcised	O
.	O
''	O


Those	O
Jews	O
who	O
call	O
you	O
``	O
uncircumcised	O
''	O
call	O
themselves	O
``	O


circumcised	O
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
Their	O
circumcision	O
is	O
only	O
something	O
they	O
themselves	O
do	O
to	O
their	O
bodies	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Remember	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
you	O
were	O
without	O
Christ	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
not	O
citizens	O
of	O
Israel	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
about	O
the	O
agreements	O
with	O
the	O
promises	O
that	O
God	O
made	O
to	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


You	O
had	O
no	O
hope	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
God	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
at	O
one	O
time	O
you	O
were	O
far	O
away	O
from	O
God	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
brought	O
near	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
brought	O
near	O
to	O
God	O
through	O
the	O
blood	O
sacrifice	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


Christ	O
is	O
the	O
reason	O
we	O
are	O
now	O
at	O
peace	O
.	O


He	O
made	O
us	O
Jews	O
and	O
you	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
one	O
people	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
separated	O
by	O
a	O
wall	O
of	O
hate	O
that	O
stood	O
between	O
us	O
,	O
but	O
Christ	O
broke	O
down	O
that	O
wall	O
.	O


By	O
giving	O
his	O
own	O
body	O
,	O
Christ	O
ended	O
the	O
law	O
with	O
its	O
many	O
commands	O
and	O
rules	O
.	O


His	O
purpose	O
was	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
become	O
one	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


By	O
doing	O
this	O
he	O
would	O
make	O
peace	O
.	O


Through	O
the	O
cross	O
Christ	O
ended	O
the	O
hate	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O


And	O
after	O
they	O
became	O
one	O
body	O
,	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
bring	O
them	O
both	O
back	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
this	O
with	O
his	O
death	O
on	O
the	O
cross	O
.	O


Christ	O
came	O
and	O
brought	O
the	O
message	O
of	O
peace	O
to	O
you	O
non-Jews	O
who	O
were	O
far	O
away	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
brought	O
that	O
message	O
of	O
peace	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
near	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
through	O
Christ	O
we	O
all	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
Father	O
in	O
one	O
Spirit	O
.	O


So	O
now	O
you	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
are	O
not	O
visitors	O
or	O
strangers	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
are	O
citizens	O
together	O
with	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
.	O


You	O
belong	O
to	O
God	O
's	O
family	O
.	O


You	O
believers	O
are	O
like	O
a	O
building	O
that	O
God	O
owns	O
.	O


That	O
building	O
was	O
built	O
on	O
the	O
foundation	O
that	O
the	O
apostles	O
and	O
prophets	O
prepared	O
.	O


Christ	O
Jesus	O
himself	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
stone	O
in	O
that	O
building	O
.	O


The	O
whole	O
building	O
is	O
joined	O
together	O
in	O
Christ	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
makes	O
it	O
grow	O
and	O
become	O
a	O
holy	O
temple	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
Christ	O
you	O
are	O
being	O
built	O
together	O
with	O
his	O
other	O
people	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
being	O
made	O
into	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
God	O
lives	O
through	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
,	O
Paul	O
,	O
am	O
a	O
prisoner	O
because	O
I	O
serve	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
for	O
you	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
.	O


Surely	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
God	O
gave	O
me	O
this	O
work	O
through	O
his	O
grace	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
.	O


God	O
let	O
me	O
know	O
his	O
secret	O
plan	O
by	O
showing	O
it	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
already	O
written	O
a	O
little	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
read	O
what	O
I	O
wrote	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
I	O
understand	O
the	O
secret	O
truth	O
about	O
Christ	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
lived	O
in	O
other	O
times	O
were	O
not	O
told	O
that	O
secret	O
truth	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
,	O
through	O
the	O
Spirit	O
,	O
God	O
has	O
made	O
it	O
known	O
to	O
his	O
holy	O
apostles	O
and	O
prophets	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
secret	O
truth	O
:	O
that	O
by	O
hearing	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
will	O
share	O
with	O
the	O
Jews	O
in	O
the	O
blessings	O
God	O
has	O
for	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
body	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
share	O
in	O
the	O
promise	O
God	O
made	O
through	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


By	O
God	O
's	O
special	O
gift	O
of	O
grace	O
,	O
I	O
became	O
a	O
servant	O
to	O
tell	O
that	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
me	O
that	O
grace	O
by	O
using	O
his	O
power	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
least	O
important	O
of	O
all	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
gave	O
me	O
this	O
gift	O
--	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
non-Jewish	O
people	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
the	O
riches	O
Christ	O
has	O
.	O


These	O
riches	O
are	O
too	O
great	O
to	O
understand	O
fully	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
gave	O
me	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
telling	O
all	O
people	O
about	O
the	O
plan	O
for	O
his	O
secret	O
truth	O
.	O


That	O
secret	O
truth	O
has	O
been	O
hidden	O
in	O
him	O
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
time	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
created	O
everything	O
.	O


His	O
purpose	O
was	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
rulers	O
and	O
powers	O
in	O
the	O
heavenly	O
places	O
will	O
now	O
know	O
the	O
many	O
different	O
ways	O
he	O
shows	O
his	O
wisdom	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
know	O
this	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
.	O


This	O
agrees	O
with	O
the	O
plan	O
God	O
had	O
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
time	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
what	O
he	O
planned	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
did	O
it	O
through	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
our	O
Lord	O
.	O


In	O
Christ	O
we	O
come	O
before	O
God	O
with	O
freedom	O
and	O
without	O
fear	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
do	O
this	O
because	O
of	O
our	O
faith	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
ask	O
you	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
discouraged	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


My	O
sufferings	O
are	O
for	O
your	O
benefit	O
--	O
for	O
your	O
honor	O
and	O
glory	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
bow	O
in	O
prayer	O
before	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


Every	O
family	O
in	O
heaven	O
and	O
on	O
earth	O
gets	O
its	O
true	O
name	O
from	O
him	O
.	O


I	O
ask	O
the	O
Father	O
with	O
his	O
great	O
glory	O
to	O
give	O
you	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
be	O
strong	O
in	O
your	O
spirits	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
that	O
strength	O
through	O
his	O
Spirit	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
Christ	O
will	O
live	O
in	O
your	O
hearts	O
because	O
of	O
your	O
faith	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
your	O
life	O
will	O
be	O
strong	O
in	O
love	O
and	O
be	O
built	O
on	O
love	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
pray	O
that	O
you	O
and	O
all	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
greatness	O
of	O
Christ	O
's	O
love	O
--	O
how	O
wide	O
,	O
how	O
long	O
,	O
how	O
high	O
,	O
and	O
how	O
deep	O
that	O
love	O
is	O
.	O


Christ	O
's	O
love	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
anyone	O
can	O
ever	O
know	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
pray	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
love	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
filled	O
with	O
everything	O
God	O
has	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


With	O
God	O
's	O
power	O
working	O
in	O
us	O
,	O
he	O
can	O
do	O
much	O
,	O
much	O
more	O
than	O
anything	O
we	O
can	O
ask	O
or	O
think	O
of	O
.	O


To	O
him	O
be	O
glory	O
in	O
the	O
church	O
and	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
for	O
all	O
time	O
,	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
.	O


Amen	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
prisoner	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
I	O
beg	O
you	O
to	O
live	O
the	O
way	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
should	O
live	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
chose	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
.	O


Always	O
be	O
humble	O
and	O
gentle	O
.	O


Be	O
patient	O
and	O
accept	O
each	O
other	O
with	O
love	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
joined	O
together	O
with	O
peace	O
through	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


Do	O
all	O
you	O
can	O
to	O
continue	O
as	O
you	O
are	O
,	O
letting	O
peace	O
hold	O
you	O
together	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
one	O
body	O
and	O
one	O
Spirit	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
chose	O
you	O
to	O
have	O
one	O
hope	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
one	O
Lord	O
,	O
one	O
faith	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
baptism	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
one	O
God	O
and	O
Father	O
of	O
us	O
all	O
,	O
who	O
rules	O
over	O
everyone	O
.	O


He	O
works	O
through	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
and	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
.	O


Christ	O
gave	O
each	O
one	O
of	O
us	O
a	O
special	O
gift	O
.	O


Everyone	O
received	O
what	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
give	O
them	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
went	O
up	O
high	O
into	O
the	O
sky	O
;	O
he	O
took	O
prisoners	O
with	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
gave	O
gifts	O
to	O
people	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
it	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
He	O
went	O
up	O
,	O
''	O
what	O
does	O
it	O
mean	O
?	O


It	O
means	O
that	O
he	O
first	O
came	O
down	O
low	O
to	O
earth	O
.	O


So	O
Christ	O
came	O
down	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
one	O
who	O
went	O
up	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
up	O
above	O
the	O
highest	O
heaven	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
fill	O
everything	O
with	O
himself	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
same	O
Christ	O
gave	O
these	O
gifts	O
to	O
people	O
:	O
He	O
made	O
some	O
to	O
be	O
apostles	O
,	O
some	O
to	O
be	O
prophets	O
,	O
some	O
to	O
go	O
and	O
tell	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
and	O
teach	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


Christ	O
gave	O
these	O
gifts	O
to	O
prepare	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
for	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
serving	O
,	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
body	O
of	O
Christ	O
stronger	O
.	O


This	O
work	O
must	O
continue	O
until	O
we	O
are	O
all	O
joined	O
together	O
in	O
what	O
we	O
believe	O
and	O
in	O
what	O
we	O
know	O
about	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


Our	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
become	O
like	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
grown	O
man	O
--	O
to	O
look	O
just	O
like	O
Christ	O
and	O
have	O
all	O
his	O
perfection	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
like	O
babies	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
always	O
changing	O
like	O
a	O
ship	O
that	O
the	O
waves	O
carry	O
one	O
way	O
and	O
then	O
another	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
influenced	O
by	O
every	O
new	O
teaching	O
we	O
hear	O
from	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
deceive	O
us	O
--	O
those	O
who	O
make	O
clever	O
plans	O
and	O
use	O
every	O
kind	O
of	O
trick	O
to	O
fool	O
others	O
into	O
following	O
the	O
wrong	O
way	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
speak	O
the	O
truth	O
with	O
love	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
grow	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
Christ	O
in	O
every	O
way	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
head	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
whole	O
body	O
depends	O
on	O
him	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
are	O
joined	O
and	O
held	O
together	O
,	O
with	O
each	O
part	O
doing	O
its	O
own	O
work	O
.	O


This	O
causes	O
the	O
whole	O
body	O
to	O
grow	O
and	O
to	O
be	O
stronger	O
in	O
love	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
something	O
from	O
the	O
Lord	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
warn	O
you	O
:	O
Do	O
n't	O
continue	O
living	O
like	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
.	O


Their	O
thoughts	O
are	O
worth	O
nothing	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
no	O
understanding	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
know	O
nothing	O
because	O
they	O
refuse	O
to	O
listen	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
can	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
life	O
that	O
God	O
gives	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
lost	O
their	O
feeling	O
of	O
shame	O
and	O
use	O
their	O
lives	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
morally	O
wrong	O
.	O


More	O
and	O
more	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
evil	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
way	O
of	O
life	O
is	O
nothing	O
like	O
what	O
you	O
learned	O
when	O
you	O
came	O
to	O
know	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
heard	O
about	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
him	O
you	O
were	O
taught	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
the	O
truth	O
is	O
in	O
Jesus	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
taught	O
to	O
leave	O
your	O
old	O
self	O
.	O


This	O
means	O
that	O
you	O
must	O
stop	O
living	O
the	O
evil	O
way	O
you	O
lived	O
before	O
.	O


That	O
old	O
self	O
gets	O
worse	O
and	O
worse	O
,	O
because	O
people	O
are	O
fooled	O
by	O
the	O
evil	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
be	O
made	O
new	O
in	O
your	O
hearts	O
and	O
in	O
your	O
thinking	O
.	O


Be	O
that	O
new	O
person	O
who	O
was	O
made	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
God	O
,	O
truly	O
good	O
and	O
pleasing	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
must	O
stop	O
telling	O
lies	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
must	O
always	O
speak	O
the	O
truth	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
''	O
because	O
we	O
all	O
belong	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
body	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
you	O
are	O
angry	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
let	O
that	O
anger	O
make	O
you	O
sin	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
stay	O
angry	O
all	O
day	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
give	O
the	O
devil	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
defeat	O
you	O
.	O


Whoever	O
has	O
been	O
stealing	O
must	O
stop	O
it	O
and	O
start	O
working	O
.	O


They	O
must	O
use	O
their	O
hands	O
for	O
doing	O
something	O
good	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
will	O
have	O
something	O
to	O
share	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
poor	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
talk	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
say	O
anything	O
bad	O
.	O


But	O
say	O
the	O
good	O
things	O
that	O
people	O
need	O
--	O
whatever	O
will	O
help	O
them	O
grow	O
stronger	O
.	O


Then	O
what	O
you	O
say	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
blessing	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
hear	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
do	O
n't	O
make	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
sad	O
.	O


God	O
gave	O
you	O
his	O
Spirit	O
as	O
proof	O
that	O
you	O
belong	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
keep	O
you	O
safe	O
until	O
the	O
day	O
he	O
makes	O
you	O
free	O
.	O


Never	O
be	O
bitter	O
,	O
angry	O
,	O
or	O
mad	O
.	O


Never	O
shout	O
angrily	O
or	O
say	O
things	O
to	O
hurt	O
others	O
.	O


Never	O
do	O
anything	O
evil	O
.	O


Be	O
kind	O
and	O
loving	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Forgive	O
each	O
other	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
God	O
forgave	O
you	O
through	O
Christ	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
dear	O
children	O
,	O
so	O
try	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
him	O
.	O


Live	O
a	O
life	O
of	O
love	O
.	O


Love	O
others	O
just	O
as	O
Christ	O
loved	O
us	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
himself	O
for	O
us	O
--	O
a	O
sweet	O
-	O
smelling	O
offering	O
and	O
sacrifice	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
must	O
be	O
no	O
sexual	O
sin	O
among	O
you	O
.	O


There	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
evil	O
or	O
selfishly	O
wanting	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
,	O
because	O
such	O
things	O
are	O
not	O
right	O
for	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
there	O
must	O
be	O
no	O
evil	O
talk	O
among	O
you	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
say	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
foolish	O
or	O
filthy	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
not	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
should	O
be	O
giving	O
thanks	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
be	O
sure	O
of	O
this	O
:	O
No	O
one	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
kingdom	O
of	O
Christ	O
and	O
of	O
God	O
if	O
that	O
person	O
commits	O
sexual	O
sins	O
,	O
or	O
does	O
evil	O
things	O
,	O
or	O
is	O
a	O
person	O
who	O
selfishly	O
wants	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
.	O


A	O
greedy	O
person	O
like	O
that	O
is	O
serving	O
a	O
false	O
god	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
let	O
anyone	O
fool	O
you	O
with	O
words	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
true	O
.	O


God	O
gets	O
very	O
angry	O
when	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
obey	O
him	O
talk	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
anything	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
you	O
were	O
full	O
of	O
darkness	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
you	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
light	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


So	O
live	O
like	O
children	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
light	O
.	O


This	O
light	O
produces	O
every	O
kind	O
of	O
goodness	O
,	O
right	O
living	O
,	O
and	O
truth	O
.	O


Try	O
to	O
learn	O
what	O
pleases	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Have	O
no	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
people	O
in	O
darkness	O
do	O
,	O
which	O
produce	O
nothing	O
good	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
tell	O
everyone	O
how	O
wrong	O
those	O
things	O
are	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
really	O
very	O
shameful	O
to	O
even	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
things	O
those	O
people	O
do	O
in	O
secret	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
light	O
makes	O
clear	O
how	O
wrong	O
those	O
things	O
are	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
everything	O
is	O
made	O
clear	O
by	O
the	O
light	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
why	O
we	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Wake	O
up	O
,	O
you	O
who	O
are	O
sleeping	O
!	O


Rise	O
from	O
death	O
,	O
and	O
Christ	O
will	O
shine	O
on	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
be	O
very	O
careful	O
how	O
you	O
live	O
.	O


Live	O
wisely	O
,	O
not	O
like	O
fools	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
that	O
you	O
should	O
use	O
every	O
opportunity	O
you	O
have	O
for	O
doing	O
good	O
,	O
because	O
these	O
are	O
evil	O
times	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
foolish	O
with	O
your	O
lives	O
,	O
but	O
learn	O
what	O
the	O
Lord	O
wants	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
drunk	O
with	O
wine	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
ruin	O
your	O
life	O
,	O
but	O
be	O
filled	O
with	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


Encourage	O
each	O
other	O
with	O
psalms	O
,	O
hymns	O
,	O
and	O
spiritual	O
songs	O
.	O


Sing	O
and	O
make	O
music	O
in	O
your	O
hearts	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Always	O
give	O
thanks	O
to	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
for	O
everything	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Be	O
willing	O
to	O
serve	O
each	O
other	O
out	O
of	O
respect	O
for	O
Christ	O
.	O


Wives	O
,	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
serve	O
your	O
husbands	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


A	O
husband	O
is	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
Christ	O
is	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
.	O


Christ	O
is	O
the	O
Savior	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
his	O
body	O
.	O


The	O
church	O
serves	O
under	O
Christ	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
you	O
wives	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
serve	O
your	O
husbands	O
in	O
everything	O
.	O


Husbands	O
,	O
love	O
your	O
wives	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
Christ	O
loved	O
the	O
church	O
and	O
gave	O
his	O
life	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
died	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
church	O
holy	O
.	O


He	O
used	O
the	O
telling	O
of	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
church	O
clean	O
by	O
washing	O
it	O
with	O
water	O
.	O


Christ	O
died	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
give	O
the	O
church	O
to	O
himself	O
like	O
a	O
bride	O
in	O
all	O
her	O
beauty	O
.	O


He	O
died	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
church	O
could	O
be	O
holy	O
and	O
without	O
fault	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
evil	O
or	O
sin	O
or	O
any	O
other	O
thing	O
wrong	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
husbands	O
should	O
love	O
their	O
wives	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


They	O
should	O
love	O
their	O
wives	O
as	O
they	O
love	O
their	O
own	O
bodies	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
who	O
loves	O
his	O
wife	O
loves	O
himself	O
,	O
because	O
no	O
one	O
ever	O
hates	O
his	O
own	O
body	O
,	O
but	O
feeds	O
and	O
takes	O
care	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
Christ	O
does	O
for	O
the	O
church	O
because	O
we	O
are	O
parts	O
of	O
his	O
body	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
That	O
is	O
why	O
a	O
man	O
will	O
leave	O
his	O
father	O
and	O
mother	O
and	O
join	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
two	O
people	O
will	O
become	O
one	O
.	O
''	O


That	O
secret	O
truth	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
--	O
I	O
am	O
talking	O
about	O
Christ	O
and	O
the	O
church	O
.	O


But	O
each	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
must	O
love	O
his	O
wife	O
as	O
he	O
loves	O
himself	O
.	O


And	O
a	O
wife	O
must	O
respect	O
her	O
husband	O
.	O


Children	O
,	O
obey	O
your	O
parents	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
Lord	O
wants	O
,	O
because	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


The	O
command	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
must	O
respect	O
your	O
father	O
and	O
mother	O
.	O
''	O


That	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
command	O
that	O
has	O
a	O
promise	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


That	O
promise	O
is	O
:	O
``	O
Then	O
all	O
will	O
go	O
well	O
with	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
long	O
life	O
on	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O
''	O


Fathers	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
make	O
your	O
children	O
angry	O
,	O
but	O
raise	O
them	O
with	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
teaching	O
and	O
training	O
you	O
learn	O
from	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Slaves	O
,	O
obey	O
your	O
masters	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
with	O
fear	O
and	O
respect	O
.	O


And	O
do	O
this	O
with	O
a	O
heart	O
that	O
is	O
true	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
you	O
obey	O
Christ	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
do	O
this	O
not	O
just	O
to	O
please	O
your	O
masters	O
while	O
they	O
are	O
watching	O
,	O
but	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


Since	O
you	O
are	O
really	O
slaves	O
of	O
Christ	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
do	O
with	O
all	O
your	O
heart	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
.	O


Do	O
your	O
work	O
,	O
and	O
be	O
happy	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


Work	O
as	O
though	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
Lord	O
you	O
are	O
serving	O
,	O
not	O
just	O
an	O
earthly	O
master	O
.	O


Remember	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
will	O
give	O
everyone	O
a	O
reward	O
for	O
doing	O
good	O
.	O


Everyone	O
,	O
slave	O
or	O
free	O
,	O
will	O
get	O
a	O
reward	O
for	O
the	O
good	O
things	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


Masters	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
be	O
good	O
to	O
your	O
slaves	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
say	O
things	O
to	O
scare	O
them	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
your	O
Master	O
and	O
their	O
Master	O
is	O
in	O
heaven	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
treats	O
everyone	O
the	O
same	O
.	O


To	O
end	O
my	O
letter	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
be	O
strong	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
and	O
in	O
his	O
great	O
power	O
.	O


Wear	O
the	O
full	O
armor	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


Wear	O
God	O
's	O
armor	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
fight	O
against	O
the	O
devil	O
's	O
clever	O
tricks	O
.	O


Our	O
fight	O
is	O
not	O
against	O
people	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
fighting	O
against	O
the	O
rulers	O
and	O
authorities	O
and	O
the	O
powers	O
of	O
this	O
world	O
's	O
darkness	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
fighting	O
against	O
the	O
spiritual	O
powers	O
of	O
evil	O
in	O
the	O
heavenly	O
places	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
get	O
God	O
's	O
full	O
armor	O
.	O


Then	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
evil	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
stand	O
strong	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
you	O
have	O
finished	O
the	O
whole	O
fight	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
still	O
be	O
standing	O
.	O


So	O
stand	O
strong	O
with	O
the	O
belt	O
of	O
truth	O
tied	O
around	O
your	O
waist	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
your	O
chest	O
wear	O
the	O
protection	O
of	O
right	O
living	O
.	O


On	O
your	O
feet	O
wear	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
of	O
peace	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
stand	O
strong	O
.	O


And	O
also	O
use	O
the	O
shield	O
of	O
faith	O
with	O
which	O
you	O
can	O
stop	O
all	O
the	O
burning	O
arrows	O
that	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
Evil	O
One	O
.	O


Accept	O
God	O
's	O
salvation	O
as	O
your	O
helmet	O
.	O


And	O
take	O
the	O
sword	O
of	O
the	O
Spirit	O
--	O
that	O
sword	O
is	O
the	O
teaching	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


Pray	O
in	O
the	O
Spirit	O
at	O
all	O
times	O
.	O


Pray	O
with	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
prayers	O
,	O
and	O
ask	O
for	O
everything	O
you	O
need	O
.	O


To	O
do	O
this	O
you	O
must	O
always	O
be	O
ready	O
.	O


Never	O
give	O
up	O
.	O


Always	O
pray	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


Also	O
pray	O
for	O
me	O
--	O
that	O
when	O
I	O
speak	O
,	O
God	O
will	O
give	O
me	O
words	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
the	O
secret	O
truth	O
about	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
without	O
fear	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
speaking	O
for	O
that	O
Good	O
News	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
am	O
doing	O
now	O
,	O
here	O
in	O
prison	O
.	O


Pray	O
that	O
when	O
I	O
tell	O
people	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
speak	O
without	O
fear	O
as	O
I	O
should	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
sending	O
you	O
Tychicus	O
,	O
the	O
brother	O
we	O
love	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
a	O
faithful	O
servant	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
work	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
everything	O
that	O
is	O
happening	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
know	O
how	O
I	O
am	O
and	O
what	O
I	O
am	O
doing	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
I	O
am	O
sending	O
him	O
--	O
to	O
let	O
you	O
know	O
how	O
we	O
are	O
and	O
to	O
encourage	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
will	O
give	O
peace	O
and	O
love	O
with	O
faith	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
there	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
grace	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
who	O
love	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
with	O
love	O
that	O
never	O
ends	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Paul	O
and	O
Timothy	O
,	O
servants	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


To	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
in	O
Philippi	O
who	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
,	O
including	O
your	O
elders	O
and	O
special	O
servants	O
.	O


Grace	O
and	O
peace	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
God	O
our	O
Father	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
thank	O
God	O
every	O
time	O
I	O
remember	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
always	O
pray	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
with	O
joy	O
.	O


I	O
thank	O
God	O
for	O
the	O
help	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
while	O
I	O
told	O
people	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


You	O
helped	O
from	O
the	O
first	O
day	O
you	O
believed	O
until	O
now	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
sure	O
that	O
the	O
good	O
work	O
God	O
began	O
in	O
you	O
will	O
continue	O
until	O
he	O
completes	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
comes	O
again	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
I	O
am	O
right	O
to	O
think	O
like	O
this	O
about	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
are	O
so	O
close	O
to	O
my	O
heart	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
all	O
played	O
such	O
an	O
important	O
part	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
to	O
me	O
--	O
now	O
,	O
during	O
this	O
time	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
in	O
prison	O
,	O
and	O
whenever	O
I	O
am	O
defending	O
and	O
proving	O
the	O
truth	O
of	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


God	O
knows	O
that	O
I	O
want	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
love	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
with	O
the	O
love	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
my	O
prayer	O
for	O
you	O
:	O
that	O
your	O
love	O
will	O
grow	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
;	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
knowledge	O
and	O
understanding	O
with	O
your	O
love	O
;	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
see	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
what	O
is	O
important	O
and	O
what	O
is	O
not	O
and	O
choose	O
what	O
is	O
important	O
;	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
pure	O
and	O
blameless	O
for	O
the	O
coming	O
of	O
Christ	O
;	O
that	O
your	O
life	O
will	O
be	O
full	O
of	O
the	O
many	O
good	O
works	O
that	O
are	O
produced	O
by	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
to	O
bring	O
glory	O
and	O
praise	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
all	O
that	O
has	O
happened	O
to	O
me	O
has	O
helped	O
to	O
spread	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
Roman	O
guards	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
others	O
here	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
in	O
prison	O
for	O
serving	O
Christ	O
.	O


My	O
being	O
in	O
prison	O
has	O
caused	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
believers	O
to	O
put	O
their	O
trust	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
and	O
to	O
show	O
more	O
courage	O
in	O
telling	O
people	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
are	O
telling	O
the	O
message	O
about	O
Christ	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
jealous	O
and	O
bitter	O
.	O


Others	O
do	O
it	O
because	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
help	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
doing	O
it	O
out	O
of	O
love	O
.	O


They	O
know	O
that	O
God	O
gave	O
me	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
defending	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
others	O
tell	O
about	O
Christ	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
selfish	O
ambition	O
.	O


Their	O
reason	O
for	O
doing	O
it	O
is	O
wrong	O
.	O


They	O
only	O
do	O
it	O
because	O
they	O
think	O
it	O
will	O
make	O
trouble	O
for	O
me	O
in	O
prison	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
important	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
telling	O
people	O
about	O
Christ	O
,	O
whether	O
they	O
are	O
sincere	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
am	O
glad	O
they	O
are	O
doing	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
glad	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
your	O
prayers	O
and	O
the	O
help	O
the	O
Spirit	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
gives	O
me	O
will	O
cause	O
this	O
trouble	O
to	O
result	O
in	O
my	O
freedom	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
full	O
of	O
hope	O
and	O
feel	O
sure	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
have	O
any	O
reason	O
to	O
be	O
ashamed	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
certain	O
I	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
boldness	O
to	O
speak	O
freely	O
that	O
I	O
always	O
have	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
let	O
God	O
use	O
my	O
life	O
to	O
bring	O
more	O
honor	O
to	O
Christ	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
whether	O
I	O
live	O
or	O
die	O
.	O


To	O
me	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
important	O
thing	O
about	O
living	O
is	O
Christ	O
.	O


And	O
even	O
death	O
would	O
be	O
for	O
my	O
benefit	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
continue	O
living	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
work	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
would	O
I	O
choose	O
--	O
to	O
live	O
or	O
to	O
die	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
hard	O
choice	O
.	O


Sometimes	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
leave	O
this	O
life	O
and	O
be	O
with	O
Christ	O
.	O


That	O
would	O
be	O
much	O
better	O
for	O
me	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
you	O
people	O
need	O
me	O
here	O
alive	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
sure	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
stay	O
here	O
and	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
grow	O
and	O
have	O
joy	O
in	O
your	O
faith	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
am	O
there	O
with	O
you	O
again	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
bursting	O
with	O
pride	O
over	O
what	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
did	O
to	O
help	O
me	O
.	O


Just	O
be	O
sure	O
you	O
live	O
as	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
honors	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


Then	O
if	O
I	O
come	O
and	O
visit	O
you	O
or	O
if	O
I	O
am	O
away	O
from	O
you	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
hear	O
good	O
things	O
about	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
stand	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
purpose	O
and	O
that	O
you	O
work	O
together	O
like	O
a	O
team	O
to	O
help	O
others	O
believe	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
afraid	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
against	O
you	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
proof	O
from	O
God	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
being	O
saved	O
and	O
that	O
your	O
enemies	O
will	O
be	O
lost	O
.	O


God	O
has	O
blessed	O
you	O
in	O
ways	O
that	O
serve	O
Christ	O
.	O


He	O
allowed	O
you	O
to	O
believe	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
all	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
also	O
given	O
you	O
the	O
honor	O
of	O
suffering	O
for	O
Christ	O
.	O


Both	O
of	O
these	O
bring	O
glory	O
to	O
Christ	O
.	O


You	O
saw	O
the	O
difficulties	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
face	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
hear	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
still	O
having	O
troubles	O
.	O


Now	O
you	O
must	O
face	O
them	O
too	O
.	O


Think	O
about	O
what	O
we	O
have	O
in	O
Christ	O
:	O
the	O
encouragement	O
he	O
has	O
brought	O
us	O
,	O
the	O
comfort	O
of	O
his	O
love	O
,	O
our	O
sharing	O
in	O
his	O
Spirit	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
mercy	O
and	O
kindness	O
he	O
has	O
shown	O
us	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
enjoy	O
these	O
blessings	O
,	O
then	O
do	O
what	O
will	O
make	O
my	O
joy	O
complete	O
:	O
Agree	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
and	O
show	O
your	O
love	O
for	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Be	O
united	O
in	O
your	O
goals	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
think	O
.	O


In	O
whatever	O
you	O
do	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
let	O
selfishness	O
or	O
pride	O
be	O
your	O
guide	O
.	O


Be	O
humble	O
,	O
and	O
honor	O
others	O
more	O
than	O
yourselves	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
interested	O
only	O
in	O
your	O
own	O
life	O
,	O
but	O
care	O
about	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
others	O
too	O
.	O


In	O
your	O
life	O
together	O
,	O
think	O
the	O
way	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
thought	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
like	O
God	O
in	O
every	O
way	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
think	O
that	O
his	O
being	O
equal	O
with	O
God	O
was	O
something	O
to	O
use	O
for	O
his	O
own	O
benefit	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
he	O
gave	O
up	O
everything	O
,	O
even	O
his	O
place	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
accepted	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
a	O
servant	O
,	O
appearing	O
in	O
human	O
form	O
.	O


During	O
his	O
life	O
as	O
a	O
man	O
,	O
he	O
humbled	O
himself	O
by	O
being	O
fully	O
obedient	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
that	O
caused	O
his	O
death	O
--	O
death	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O


So	O
God	O
raised	O
him	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
place	O
and	O
gave	O
him	O
the	O
name	O
that	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
name	O
.	O


God	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
every	O
person	O
will	O
bow	O
down	O
to	O
honor	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Everyone	O
in	O
heaven	O
,	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
and	O
under	O
the	O
earth	O
will	O
bow	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
all	O
confess	O
,	O
``	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
is	O
Lord	O
,	O
''	O
and	O
this	O
will	O
bring	O
glory	O
to	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


My	O
dear	O
friends	O
,	O
you	O
always	O
obeyed	O
what	O
you	O
were	O
taught	O
.	O


Just	O
as	O
you	O
obeyed	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
with	O
you	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
even	O
more	O
important	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
obey	O
now	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
there	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
must	O
continue	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
gives	O
meaning	O
to	O
your	O
salvation	O
.	O


Do	O
this	O
with	O
fear	O
and	O
respect	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
God	O
who	O
is	O
working	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
helps	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
pleases	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
gives	O
you	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


Do	O
everything	O
without	O
complaining	O
or	O
arguing	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
blameless	O
and	O
pure	O
,	O
children	O
of	O
God	O
without	O
any	O
fault	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
are	O
living	O
with	O
evil	O
people	O
all	O
around	O
you	O
,	O
who	O
have	O
lost	O
their	O
sense	O
of	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


Among	O
those	O
people	O
you	O
shine	O
like	O
lights	O
in	O
a	O
dark	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
offer	O
them	O
the	O
teaching	O
that	O
gives	O
life	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
can	O
be	O
proud	O
of	O
you	O
when	O
Christ	O
comes	O
again	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
show	O
that	O
my	O
work	O
was	O
not	O
wasted	O
--	O
that	O
I	O
ran	O
in	O
the	O
race	O
and	O
won	O
.	O


Your	O
faith	O
makes	O
you	O
give	O
your	O
lives	O
as	O
a	O
sacrifice	O
in	O
serving	O
God	O
.	O


Maybe	O
I	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
offer	O
my	O
own	O
life	O
with	O
your	O
sacrifice	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
that	O
happens	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
glad	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
share	O
my	O
joy	O
with	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
also	O
should	O
be	O
glad	O
and	O
share	O
your	O
joy	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
blessing	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
,	O
I	O
hope	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
send	O
Timothy	O
to	O
you	O
soon	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
be	O
glad	O
to	O
learn	O
how	O
you	O
are	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
no	O
one	O
else	O
like	O
Timothy	O
,	O
who	O
genuinely	O
cares	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Others	O
are	O
interested	O
only	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
lives	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
about	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
person	O
Timothy	O
is	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
served	O
with	O
me	O
in	O
telling	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
like	O
a	O
son	O
with	O
his	O
father	O
.	O


I	O
plan	O
to	O
send	O
him	O
to	O
you	O
quickly	O
,	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
I	O
know	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
sure	O
the	O
Lord	O
will	O
help	O
me	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
soon	O
.	O


For	O
now	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
I	O
must	O
send	O
Epaphroditus	O
back	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
my	O
brother	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
family	O
,	O
who	O
works	O
and	O
serves	O
with	O
me	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
army	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
needed	O
help	O
,	O
you	O
sent	O
him	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
he	O
wants	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
see	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
again	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
worried	O
because	O
you	O
heard	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
sick	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
sick	O
and	O
near	O
death	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
helped	O
him	O
and	O
me	O
too	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
even	O
more	O
grief	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
want	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
send	O
him	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
see	O
him	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
happy	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
can	O
stop	O
worrying	O
about	O
you	O
.	O


Welcome	O
him	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
with	O
much	O
joy	O
.	O


Give	O
honor	O
to	O
people	O
like	O
Epaphroditus	O
.	O


He	O
should	O
be	O
honored	O
because	O
he	O
almost	O
died	O
for	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


He	O
put	O
his	O
life	O
in	O
danger	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
help	O
me	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
help	O
that	O
you	O
could	O
not	O
give	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
,	O
my	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
be	O
filled	O
with	O
joy	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
no	O
trouble	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
write	O
the	O
same	O
things	O
to	O
you	O
again	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
sure	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
prepared	O
.	O


Be	O
careful	O
of	O
the	O
dogs	O
--	O
those	O
people	O
whose	O
work	O
does	O
no	O
one	O
any	O
good	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
to	O
cut	O
off	O
everyone	O
who	O
is	O
n't	O
circumcised	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
have	O
the	O
true	O
circumcision	O
--	O
we	O
who	O
worship	O
God	O
through	O
his	O
Spirit	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
trust	O
in	O
ourselves	O
or	O
anything	O
we	O
can	O
do	O
.	O


We	O
take	O
pride	O
only	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
I	O
am	O
able	O
to	O
trust	O
in	O
myself	O
,	O
still	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


If	O
anyone	O
else	O
thinks	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
reason	O
to	O
trust	O
in	O
themselves	O
,	O
they	O
should	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
greater	O
reason	O
for	O
doing	O
so	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
circumcised	O
on	O
the	O
eighth	O
day	O
after	O
my	O
birth	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
from	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
and	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Benjamin	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
a	O
true	O
Jew	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
were	O
my	O
parents	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
was	O
very	O
important	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
became	O
a	O
Pharisee	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
such	O
a	O
fanatic	O
that	O
I	O
persecuted	O
the	O
church	O
.	O


And	O
no	O
one	O
could	O
find	O
fault	O
with	O
how	O
I	O
always	O
obeyed	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


At	O
one	O
time	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
were	O
important	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
because	O
of	O
Christ	O
,	O
I	O
decided	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
worth	O
nothing	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
all	O
things	O
are	O
worth	O
nothing	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
greatness	O
of	O
knowing	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
my	O
Lord	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
Christ	O
,	O
I	O
lost	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
all	O
worthless	O
trash	O
.	O


All	O
I	O
want	O
now	O
is	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
belong	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


In	O
Christ	O
I	O
am	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
,	O
but	O
my	O
being	O
right	O
does	O
not	O
come	O
from	O
following	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


It	O
comes	O
from	O
God	O
through	O
faith	O
.	O


God	O
uses	O
my	O
faith	O
in	O
Christ	O
to	O
make	O
me	O
right	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


All	O
I	O
want	O
is	O
to	O
know	O
Christ	O
and	O
the	O
power	O
that	O
raised	O
him	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
share	O
in	O
his	O
sufferings	O
and	O
be	O
like	O
him	O
even	O
in	O
his	O
death	O
.	O


Then	O
there	O
is	O
hope	O
that	O
I	O
myself	O
will	O
somehow	O
be	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
mean	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
exactly	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
me	O
to	O
be	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
reached	O
that	O
goal	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
continue	O
trying	O
to	O
reach	O
it	O
and	O
make	O
it	O
mine	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
wants	O
me	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
reason	O
he	O
made	O
me	O
his	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
still	O
have	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
one	O
thing	O
I	O
do	O
:	O
I	O
forget	O
what	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
and	O
try	O
as	O
hard	O
as	O
I	O
can	O
to	O
reach	O
the	O
goal	O
before	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
keep	O
running	O
hard	O
toward	O
the	O
finish	O
line	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
prize	O
that	O
is	O
mine	O
because	O
God	O
has	O
called	O
me	O
through	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
to	O
life	O
up	O
there	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
us	O
who	O
have	O
grown	O
to	O
be	O
spiritually	O
mature	O
should	O
think	O
this	O
way	O
too	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
any	O
of	O
this	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
agree	O
with	O
,	O
God	O
will	O
make	O
it	O
clear	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
should	O
continue	O
following	O
the	O
truth	O
we	O
already	O
have	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
join	O
together	O
in	O
following	O
my	O
example	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
learn	O
by	O
watching	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
living	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
showed	O
you	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
many	O
who	O
live	O
like	O
enemies	O
of	O
the	O
cross	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
often	O
told	O
you	O
about	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
makes	O
me	O
cry	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
about	O
them	O
now	O
.	O


The	O
way	O
they	O
live	O
is	O
leading	O
them	O
to	O
destruction	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
replaced	O
God	O
with	O
their	O
own	O
desires	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
shameful	O
things	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
proud	O
of	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


They	O
think	O
only	O
about	O
earthly	O
things	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
government	O
that	O
rules	O
us	O
is	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
our	O
Savior	O
,	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
,	O
to	O
come	O
from	O
there	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
change	O
our	O
humble	O
bodies	O
and	O
make	O
them	O
like	O
his	O
own	O
glorious	O
body	O
.	O


Christ	O
can	O
do	O
this	O
by	O
his	O
power	O
,	O
with	O
which	O
he	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
rule	O
everything	O
.	O


My	O
dear	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
love	O
you	O
and	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
bring	O
me	O
joy	O
and	O
make	O
me	O
proud	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


Continue	O
following	O
the	O
Lord	O
as	O
I	O
have	O
told	O
you	O
.	O


Euodia	O
and	O
Syntyche	O
,	O
you	O
both	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
so	O
please	O
agree	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


For	O
this	O
I	O
make	O
a	O
special	O
request	O
to	O
my	O
friend	O
who	O
has	O
served	O
with	O
me	O
so	O
faithfully	O
:	O
Help	O
these	O
women	O
.	O


They	O
worked	O
hard	O
with	O
me	O
in	O
telling	O
people	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
Clement	O
and	O
others	O
who	O
worked	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


Their	O
names	O
are	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
book	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


Always	O
be	O
filled	O
with	O
joy	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
say	O
it	O
again	O
.	O


Be	O
filled	O
with	O
joy	O
.	O


Let	O
everyone	O
see	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
gentle	O
and	O
kind	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
is	O
coming	O
soon	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
worry	O
about	O
anything	O
,	O
but	O
pray	O
and	O
ask	O
God	O
for	O
everything	O
you	O
need	O
,	O
always	O
giving	O
thanks	O
for	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
.	O


And	O
because	O
you	O
belong	O
to	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
,	O
God	O
's	O
peace	O
will	O
stand	O
guard	O
over	O
all	O
your	O
thoughts	O
and	O
feelings	O
.	O


His	O
peace	O
can	O
do	O
this	O
far	O
better	O
than	O
our	O
human	O
minds	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
continue	O
to	O
think	O
about	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
and	O
worthy	O
of	O
praise	O
.	O


Think	O
about	O
what	O
is	O
true	O
and	O
honorable	O
and	O
right	O
and	O
pure	O
and	O
beautiful	O
and	O
respected	O
.	O


And	O
do	O
what	O
you	O
learned	O
and	O
received	O
from	O
me	O
--	O
what	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
and	O
what	O
you	O
saw	O
me	O
do	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
God	O
who	O
gives	O
peace	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
so	O
happy	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
thank	O
the	O
Lord	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
again	O
shown	O
your	O
care	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
continued	O
to	O
care	O
about	O
me	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
way	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
show	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
telling	O
you	O
this	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
because	O
I	O
need	O
something	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
learned	O
to	O
be	O
satisfied	O
with	O
what	O
I	O
have	O
and	O
with	O
whatever	O
happens	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
live	O
when	O
I	O
am	O
poor	O
and	O
when	O
I	O
have	O
plenty	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
learned	O
the	O
secret	O
of	O
how	O
to	O
live	O
through	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
situation	O
--	O
when	O
I	O
have	O
enough	O
to	O
eat	O
or	O
when	O
I	O
am	O
hungry	O
,	O
when	O
I	O
have	O
everything	O
I	O
need	O
or	O
when	O
I	O
have	O
nothing	O
.	O


Christ	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
gives	O
me	O
the	O
strength	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
whatever	O
I	O
must	O
do	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
was	O
good	O
that	O
you	O
helped	O
me	O
when	O
I	O
needed	O
help	O
.	O


You	O
people	O
in	O
Philippi	O
remember	O
when	O
I	O
first	O
told	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
there	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
left	O
Macedonia	O
,	O
you	O
were	O
the	O
only	O
church	O
that	O
gave	O
me	O
help	O
.	O


Several	O
times	O
you	O
sent	O
me	O
things	O
I	O
needed	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
Thessalonica	O
.	O


Really	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
that	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
gifts	O
from	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
benefit	O
that	O
comes	O
from	O
giving	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
everything	O
I	O
need	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
even	O
more	O
than	O
I	O
need	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
all	O
I	O
need	O
because	O
Epaphroditus	O
brought	O
your	O
gift	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


Your	O
gift	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
sweet	O
-	O
smelling	O
sacrifice	O
offered	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


God	O
accepts	O
that	O
sacrifice	O
and	O
it	O
pleases	O
him	O
.	O


My	O
God	O
will	O
use	O
his	O
glorious	O
riches	O
to	O
give	O
you	O
everything	O
you	O
need	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
do	O
this	O
through	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Glory	O
to	O
our	O
God	O
and	O
Father	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
.	O


Amen	O
.	O


Give	O
our	O
greetings	O
to	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
there	O
--	O


to	O
each	O
one	O
who	O
belongs	O
to	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Those	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
family	O
who	O
are	O
with	O
me	O
send	O
you	O
their	O
greetings	O
.	O


And	O
greetings	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
all	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
here	O
,	O
especially	O
those	O
who	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
service	O
of	O
the	O
emperor	O
.	O


The	O
grace	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
all	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Paul	O
,	O
an	O
apostle	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
an	O
apostle	O
because	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
wanted	O
.	O


Greetings	O
also	O
from	O
Timothy	O
,	O
our	O
brother	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


To	O
the	O
holy	O
and	O
faithful	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
in	O
Christ	O
who	O
live	O
in	O
Colossae	O
.	O


Grace	O
and	O
peace	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
God	O
our	O
Father	O
.	O


In	O
our	O
prayers	O
we	O
always	O
thank	O
God	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
Father	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


We	O
thank	O
him	O
because	O
we	O
have	O
heard	O
about	O
the	O
faith	O
you	O
have	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
and	O
the	O
love	O
you	O
have	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


Your	O
faith	O
and	O
love	O
continue	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
is	O
waiting	O
for	O
you	O
in	O
heaven	O
--	O
the	O
hope	O
you	O
have	O
had	O
since	O
you	O
first	O
heard	O
the	O
true	O
message	O
,	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
that	O
was	O
told	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Throughout	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
this	O
Good	O
News	O
is	O
bringing	O
blessings	O
and	O
is	O
spreading	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
has	O
been	O
happening	O
among	O
you	O
since	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
you	O
heard	O
it	O
and	O
understood	O
the	O
truth	O
about	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
.	O


You	O
heard	O
it	O
from	O
Epaphras	O
,	O
our	O
dear	O
friend	O
and	O
co-worker	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
a	O
faithful	O
servant	O
of	O
Christ	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
told	O
us	O
about	O
the	O
love	O
you	O
have	O
from	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


Since	O
the	O
day	O
we	O
heard	O
these	O
things	O
about	O
you	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
continued	O
praying	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
we	O
pray	O
:	O
that	O
God	O
will	O
make	O
you	O
completely	O
sure	O
of	O
what	O
he	O
wants	O
by	O
giving	O
you	O
all	O
the	O
wisdom	O
and	O
spiritual	O
understanding	O
you	O
need	O
;	O
that	O
this	O
will	O
help	O
you	O
live	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
brings	O
honor	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
and	O
pleases	O
him	O
in	O
every	O
way	O
;	O
that	O
your	O
life	O
will	O
produce	O
good	O
works	O
of	O
every	O
kind	O
and	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
grow	O
in	O
your	O
knowledge	O
of	O
God	O
;	O
that	O
God	O
will	O
strengthen	O
you	O
with	O
his	O
own	O
great	O
power	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
patient	O
and	O
not	O
give	O
up	O
when	O
troubles	O
come	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
happy	O
and	O
give	O
thanks	O
to	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
made	O
you	O
able	O
to	O
have	O
what	O
he	O
has	O
promised	O
to	O
give	O
all	O
his	O
holy	O
people	O
,	O
who	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
.	O


God	O
made	O
us	O
free	O
from	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
darkness	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
brought	O
us	O
into	O
the	O
kingdom	O
of	O
his	O
dear	O
Son	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
paid	O
the	O
price	O
to	O
make	O
us	O
free	O
.	O


In	O
him	O
we	O
have	O
forgiveness	O
of	O
our	O
sins	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
can	O
see	O
God	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Son	O
is	O
exactly	O
like	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
rules	O
over	O
everything	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
.	O


Through	O
his	O
power	O
all	O
things	O
were	O
made	O
:	O
things	O
in	O
heaven	O
and	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
seen	O
and	O
not	O
seen	O
--	O
all	O
spiritual	O
rulers	O
,	O
lords	O
,	O
powers	O
,	O
and	O
authorities	O
.	O


Everything	O
was	O
made	O
through	O
him	O
and	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
was	O
there	O
before	O
anything	O
was	O
made	O
.	O


And	O
all	O
things	O
continue	O
because	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
church	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
everything	O
else	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
among	O
all	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


So	O
in	O
everything	O
he	O
is	O
most	O
important	O
.	O


God	O
was	O
pleased	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
himself	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
Son	O
.	O


And	O
through	O
him	O
,	O
God	O
was	O
happy	O
to	O
bring	O
all	O
things	O
back	O
to	O
himself	O
again	O
--	O
things	O
on	O
earth	O
and	O
things	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


God	O
made	O
peace	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
blood	O
sacrifice	O
of	O
his	O
Son	O
on	O
the	O
cross	O
.	O


At	O
one	O
time	O
you	O
were	O
separated	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
his	O
enemies	O
in	O
your	O
minds	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
evil	O
you	O
did	O
was	O
against	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
he	O
has	O
made	O
you	O
his	O
friends	O
again	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
this	O
by	O
the	O
death	O
Christ	O
suffered	O
while	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
his	O
body	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
it	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
present	O
you	O
to	O
himself	O
as	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
holy	O
,	O
blameless	O
,	O
and	O
without	O
anything	O
that	O
would	O
make	O
you	O
guilty	O
before	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
if	O
you	O
continue	O
to	O
believe	O
in	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
you	O
heard	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
remain	O
strong	O
and	O
sure	O
in	O
your	O
faith	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
not	O
let	O
anything	O
cause	O
you	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
the	O
hope	O
that	O
became	O
yours	O
when	O
you	O
heard	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


That	O
same	O
Good	O
News	O
has	O
been	O
told	O
to	O
everyone	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
work	O
that	O
I	O
,	O
Paul	O
,	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
happy	O
in	O
my	O
sufferings	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
much	O
that	O
Christ	O
must	O
still	O
suffer	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
gladly	O
accept	O
my	O
part	O
of	O
those	O
sufferings	O
in	O
my	O
body	O
for	O
the	O
good	O
of	O
his	O
body	O
,	O
the	O
church	O
.	O


I	O
became	O
a	O
servant	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
because	O
God	O
gave	O
me	O
a	O
special	O
work	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


This	O
work	O
helps	O
you	O
.	O


My	O
work	O
is	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
complete	O
message	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


This	O
message	O
is	O
the	O
secret	O
truth	O
that	O
was	O
hidden	O
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
time	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
hidden	O
from	O
everyone	O
for	O
ages	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
known	O
to	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
.	O


God	O
decided	O
to	O
let	O
his	O
people	O
know	O
just	O
how	O
rich	O
and	O
glorious	O
that	O
truth	O
is	O
.	O


That	O
secret	O
truth	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
for	O
all	O
people	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
Christ	O
lives	O
in	O
you	O
,	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
our	O
hope	O
for	O
glory	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
continue	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
about	O
Christ	O
.	O


We	O
use	O
all	O
wisdom	O
to	O
counsel	O
every	O
person	O
and	O
teach	O
every	O
person	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
bring	O
everyone	O
before	O
God	O
as	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
grown	O
to	O
be	O
spiritually	O
mature	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


To	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
I	O
work	O
and	O
struggle	O
using	O
the	O
great	O
strength	O
that	O
Christ	O
gives	O
me	O
.	O


That	O
strength	O
is	O
working	O
in	O
my	O
life	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
trying	O
very	O
hard	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
am	O
trying	O
to	O
help	O
those	O
in	O
Laodicea	O
and	O
others	O
who	O
have	O
never	O
seen	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
strengthened	O
and	O
joined	O
together	O
with	O
love	O
and	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
full	O
confidence	O
that	O
comes	O
from	O
understanding	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
them	O
to	O
know	O
completely	O
the	O
secret	O
truth	O
that	O
God	O
has	O
made	O
known	O
.	O


That	O
truth	O
is	O
Christ	O
himself	O
.	O


In	O
him	O
all	O
the	O
treasures	O
of	O
wisdom	O
and	O
knowledge	O
are	O
kept	O
safe	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
fool	O
you	O
by	O
telling	O
you	O
ideas	O
that	O
seem	O
good	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
false	O
.	O


Even	O
though	O
I	O
am	O
far	O
away	O
,	O
my	O
thoughts	O
are	O
always	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
happy	O
to	O
see	O
your	O
good	O
lives	O
and	O
your	O
strong	O
faith	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


You	O
accepted	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
as	O
Lord	O
,	O
so	O
continue	O
to	O
live	O
following	O
him	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
depend	O
on	O
Christ	O
only	O
,	O
drawing	O
life	O
and	O
strength	O
from	O
him	O
.	O


Just	O
as	O
you	O
were	O
taught	O
the	O
truth	O
,	O
continue	O
to	O
grow	O
stronger	O
in	O
your	O
understanding	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
never	O
stop	O
giving	O
thanks	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Be	O
sure	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
led	O
away	O
by	O
the	O
teaching	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
nothing	O
worth	O
saying	O
and	O
only	O
plan	O
to	O
deceive	O
you	O
.	O


That	O
teaching	O
is	O
not	O
from	O
Christ	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
only	O
human	O
tradition	O
and	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
powers	O
that	O
influence	O
this	O
world	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
all	O
of	O
God	O
lives	O
in	O
Christ	O
fully	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
his	O
life	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


And	O
because	O
you	O
belong	O
to	O
Christ	O
you	O
are	O
complete	O
,	O
having	O
everything	O
you	O
need	O
.	O


Christ	O
is	O
ruler	O
over	O
every	O
other	O
power	O
and	O
authority	O
.	O


In	O
Christ	O
you	O
had	O
a	O
different	O
kind	O
of	O
circumcision	O
,	O
one	O
that	O
was	O
not	O
done	O
by	O
human	O
hands	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
you	O
were	O
made	O
free	O
from	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
your	O
sinful	O
self	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
circumcision	O
Christ	O
does	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
were	O
baptized	O
,	O
you	O
were	O
buried	O
with	O
Christ	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
were	O
raised	O
up	O
with	O
him	O
because	O
of	O
your	O
faith	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
power	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
power	O
was	O
shown	O
when	O
he	O
raised	O
Christ	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
spiritually	O
dead	O
because	O
of	O
your	O
sins	O
and	O
because	O
you	O
were	O
not	O
free	O
from	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
your	O
sinful	O
self	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
gave	O
you	O
new	O
life	O
together	O
with	O
Christ	O
.	O


He	O
forgave	O
all	O
our	O
sins	O
.	O


Because	O
we	O
broke	O
God	O
's	O
laws	O
,	O
we	O
owed	O
a	O
debt	O
--	O
a	O
debt	O
that	O
listed	O
all	O
the	O
rules	O
we	O
failed	O
to	O
follow	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
forgave	O
us	O
of	O
that	O
debt	O
.	O


He	O
took	O
it	O
away	O
and	O
nailed	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
cross	O
.	O


He	O
defeated	O
the	O
rulers	O
and	O
powers	O
of	O
the	O
spiritual	O
world	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
cross	O
he	O
won	O
the	O
victory	O
over	O
them	O
and	O
led	O
them	O
away	O
as	O
defeated	O
and	O
powerless	O
prisoners	O
for	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
n't	O
let	O
anyone	O
make	O
rules	O
for	O
you	O
about	O
eating	O
and	O
drinking	O
or	O
about	O
Jewish	O
customs	O
-LRB-	O
festivals	O
,	O
New	O
Moon	O
celebrations	O
,	O
or	O
Sabbath	O
days	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
these	O
things	O
were	O
like	O
a	O
shadow	O
that	O
showed	O
what	O
was	O
coming	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
new	O
things	O
that	O
were	O
coming	O
are	O
found	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
enjoy	O
acting	O
as	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
humble	O
and	O
love	O
to	O
worship	O
angels	O
.	O


They	O
always	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
visions	O
they	O
have	O
seen	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
listen	O
to	O
them	O
when	O
they	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
wrong	O
because	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
so	O
foolish	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
feel	O
such	O
pride	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
all	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
human	O
ideas	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
keep	O
themselves	O
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
head	O
.	O


Christ	O
is	O
the	O
head	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
whole	O
body	O
depends	O
on	O
him	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
Christ	O
all	O
the	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
care	O
for	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
help	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
body	O
is	O
made	O
stronger	O
and	O
held	O
together	O
as	O
God	O
causes	O
it	O
to	O
grow	O
.	O


You	O
died	O
with	O
Christ	O
and	O
were	O
made	O
free	O
from	O
the	O
powers	O
that	O
influence	O
this	O
world	O
.	O


So	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
act	O
as	O
if	O
you	O
still	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
?	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
follow	O
rules	O
like	O
these	O
:	O
``	O


Do	O
n't	O
eat	O
this	O
,	O
''	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
taste	O
that	O
,	O
''	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
touch	O
that	O
''	O
?	O


These	O
rules	O
are	O
talking	O
about	O
earthly	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
gone	O
after	O
they	O
are	O
used	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
only	O
human	O
commands	O
and	O
teachings	O
.	O


These	O
rules	O
may	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
wise	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
made	O
-	O
up	O
religion	O
in	O
which	O
people	O
pretend	O
to	O
be	O
humble	O
and	O
punish	O
their	O
bodies	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
help	O
people	O
stop	O
doing	O
the	O
evil	O
that	O
the	O
sinful	O
self	O
wants	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
with	O
Christ	O
.	O


So	O
live	O
for	O
what	O
is	O
in	O
heaven	O
,	O
where	O
Christ	O
is	O
sitting	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
hand	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


Think	O
only	O
about	O
what	O
is	O
up	O
there	O
,	O
not	O
what	O
is	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


Your	O
old	O
self	O
has	O
died	O
,	O
and	O
your	O
new	O
life	O
is	O
kept	O
with	O
Christ	O
in	O
God	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
Christ	O
is	O
now	O
your	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
he	O
comes	O
again	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
share	O
in	O
his	O
glory	O
.	O


So	O
put	O
everything	O
evil	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
life	O
:	O
sexual	O
sin	O
,	O
doing	O
anything	O
immoral	O
,	O
letting	O
sinful	O
thoughts	O
control	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
wanting	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
wrong	O
.	O


And	O
do	O
n't	O
keep	O
wanting	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
for	O
yourself	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
worshiping	O
a	O
false	O
god	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
show	O
his	O
anger	O
against	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
obey	O
him	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
these	O
evil	O
things	O
.	O


You	O
also	O
did	O
these	O
things	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
lived	O
like	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
put	O
these	O
things	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
life	O
:	O
anger	O
,	O
losing	O
your	O
temper	O
,	O
doing	O
or	O
saying	O
things	O
to	O
hurt	O
others	O
,	O
and	O
saying	O
shameful	O
things	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
lie	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
taken	O
off	O
those	O
old	O
clothes	O
--	O
the	O
person	O
you	O
once	O
were	O
and	O
the	O
bad	O
things	O
you	O
did	O
then	O
.	O


Now	O
you	O
are	O
wearing	O
a	O
new	O
life	O
,	O
a	O
life	O
that	O
is	O
new	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
growing	O
in	O
your	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
made	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
becoming	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
like	O
him	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
new	O
life	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
Greek	O
or	O
a	O
Jew	O
,	O
circumcised	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
if	O
you	O
speak	O
a	O
different	O
language	O
or	O
even	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
Scythian	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
slave	O
or	O
free	O
.	O


Christ	O
is	O
all	O
that	O
matters	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


God	O
has	O
chosen	O
you	O
and	O
made	O
you	O
his	O
holy	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
loves	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
your	O
new	O
life	O
should	O
be	O
like	O
this	O
:	O
Show	O
mercy	O
to	O
others	O
.	O


Be	O
kind	O
,	O
humble	O
,	O
gentle	O
,	O
and	O
patient	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
angry	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
but	O
forgive	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
feel	O
someone	O
has	O
wronged	O
you	O
,	O
forgive	O
them	O
.	O


Forgive	O
others	O
because	O
the	O
Lord	O
forgave	O
you	O
.	O


Together	O
with	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
part	O
of	O
your	O
new	O
life	O
is	O
to	O
love	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Love	O
is	O
what	O
holds	O
everything	O
together	O
in	O
perfect	O
unity	O
.	O


Let	O
the	O
peace	O
that	O
Christ	O
gives	O
control	O
your	O
thinking	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
for	O
peace	O
that	O
you	O
were	O
chosen	O
to	O
be	O
together	O
in	O
one	O
body	O
.	O


And	O
always	O
be	O
thankful	O
.	O


Let	O
the	O
teaching	O
of	O
Christ	O
live	O
inside	O
you	O
richly	O
.	O


Use	O
all	O
wisdom	O
to	O
teach	O
and	O
counsel	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Sing	O
psalms	O
,	O
hymns	O
,	O
and	O
spiritual	O
songs	O
with	O
thankfulness	O
in	O
your	O
hearts	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Everything	O
you	O
say	O
and	O
everything	O
you	O
do	O
should	O
be	O
done	O
for	O
Jesus	O
your	O
Lord	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
all	O
you	O
do	O
,	O
give	O
thanks	O
to	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
through	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Wives	O
,	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
serve	O
your	O
husbands	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
to	O
do	O
in	O
following	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Husbands	O
,	O
love	O
your	O
wives	O
,	O
and	O
be	O
gentle	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Children	O
,	O
obey	O
your	O
parents	O
in	O
everything	O
.	O


This	O
pleases	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Fathers	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
upset	O
your	O
children	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
too	O
hard	O
to	O
please	O
,	O
they	O
might	O
want	O
to	O
stop	O
trying	O
.	O


Servants	O
,	O
obey	O
your	O
masters	O
in	O
everything	O
.	O


Obey	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
they	O
ca	O
n't	O
see	O
you	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
just	O
pretend	O
to	O
work	O
hard	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
treat	O
you	O
well	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
serve	O
your	O
masters	O
honestly	O
because	O
you	O
respect	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


In	O
all	O
the	O
work	O
you	O
are	O
given	O
,	O
do	O
the	O
best	O
you	O
can	O
.	O


Work	O
as	O
though	O
you	O
are	O
working	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
not	O
any	O
earthly	O
master	O
.	O


Remember	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
receive	O
your	O
reward	O
from	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
who	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
what	O
he	O
promised	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
serving	O
the	O
Lord	O
Christ	O
.	O


Remember	O
that	O
anyone	O
who	O
does	O
wrong	O
will	O
be	O
punished	O
for	O
that	O
wrong	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Lord	O
treats	O
everyone	O
the	O
same	O
.	O


Masters	O
,	O
give	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
and	O
fair	O
to	O
your	O
servants	O
.	O


Remember	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
Master	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


Never	O
stop	O
praying	O
.	O


Be	O
ready	O
for	O
anything	O
by	O
praying	O
and	O
being	O
thankful	O
.	O


Also	O
pray	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Pray	O
that	O
God	O
will	O
give	O
us	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
his	O
message	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
in	O
prison	O
for	O
doing	O
this	O
.	O


But	O
pray	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
continue	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
the	O
secret	O
truth	O
that	O
God	O
has	O
made	O
known	O
about	O
Christ	O
.	O


Pray	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
say	O
what	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
make	O
this	O
truth	O
clear	O
to	O
everyone	O
.	O


Be	O
wise	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
act	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
believers	O
.	O


Use	O
your	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
best	O
way	O
you	O
can	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
talk	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
always	O
be	O
kind	O
and	O
wise	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
answer	O
everyone	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
should	O
.	O


Tychicus	O
is	O
my	O
dear	O
brother	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
a	O
faithful	O
helper	O
and	O
he	O
serves	O
the	O
Lord	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
everything	O
that	O
is	O
happening	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
am	O
sending	O
him	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
how	O
we	O
are	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
sending	O
him	O
to	O
encourage	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
sending	O
him	O
with	O
Onesimus	O
,	O
the	O
faithful	O
and	O
dear	O
brother	O
from	O
your	O
group	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
everything	O
that	O
has	O
happened	O
here	O
.	O


Aristarchus	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
here	O
in	O
prison	O
with	O
me	O
,	O
sends	O
you	O
his	O
greetings	O
.	O


Mark	O
,	O
the	O
cousin	O
of	O
Barnabas	O
,	O
also	O
sends	O
his	O
greetings	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
I	O
have	O
already	O
told	O
you	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
about	O
Mark	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
comes	O
,	O
welcome	O
him	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


And	O
greetings	O
from	O
Jesus	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
also	O
called	O
Justus	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
only	O
Jewish	O
believers	O
who	O
work	O
with	O
me	O
for	O
God	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
great	O
comfort	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


Epaphras	O
,	O
another	O
servant	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
from	O
your	O
group	O
,	O
sends	O
his	O
greetings	O
.	O


He	O
constantly	O
struggles	O
for	O
you	O
in	O
prayer	O
.	O


He	O
prays	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
grow	O
to	O
be	O
spiritually	O
mature	O
and	O
have	O
everything	O
that	O
God	O
wants	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
worked	O
hard	O
for	O
you	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
Laodicea	O
and	O
in	O
Hierapolis	O
.	O


Greetings	O
also	O
from	O
Demas	O
and	O
our	O
dear	O
friend	O
Luke	O
,	O
the	O
doctor	O
.	O


Give	O
our	O
greetings	O
to	O
the	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
in	O
Laodicea	O
.	O


Greetings	O
also	O
to	O
Nympha	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
church	O
that	O
meets	O
in	O
her	O
house	O
.	O


After	O
this	O
letter	O
is	O
read	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
be	O
sure	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
read	O
to	O
the	O
church	O
in	O
Laodicea	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
read	O
the	O
letter	O
that	O
I	O
wrote	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Tell	O
Archippus	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
sure	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
work	O
the	O
Lord	O
gave	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


Here	O
's	O
my	O
greeting	O
in	O
my	O
own	O
handwriting	O
--	O
Paul	O
.	O


Remember	O
me	O
in	O
prison	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
grace	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Paul	O
,	O
Silas	O
,	O
and	O
Timothy	O
.	O


To	O
the	O
church	O
of	O
those	O
in	O
Thessalonica	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
in	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Grace	O
and	O
peace	O
be	O
yours	O
.	O


We	O
always	O
remember	O
you	O
when	O
we	O
pray	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
thank	O
God	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


Every	O
time	O
we	O
pray	O
to	O
God	O
our	O
Father	O
we	O
thank	O
him	O
for	O
all	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
done	O
because	O
of	O
your	O
faith	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
thank	O
him	O
for	O
the	O
work	O
you	O
have	O
done	O
because	O
of	O
your	O
love	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
thank	O
him	O
that	O
you	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
strong	O
because	O
of	O
your	O
hope	O
in	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
God	O
loves	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
chosen	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
brought	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
we	O
came	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
words	O
.	O


We	O
brought	O
that	O
Good	O
News	O
with	O
power	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
sure	O
knowledge	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
true	O
.	O


Also	O
you	O
know	O
how	O
we	O
lived	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
lived	O
that	O
way	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
became	O
like	O
us	O
and	O
like	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


You	O
suffered	O
much	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
you	O
accepted	O
the	O
teaching	O
with	O
joy	O
.	O


The	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
gave	O
you	O
that	O
joy	O
.	O


You	O
became	O
an	O
example	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
believers	O
in	O
Macedonia	O
and	O
Achaia	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
's	O
teaching	O
has	O
spread	O
from	O
you	O
throughout	O
Greece	O
and	O
beyond	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
your	O
faith	O
in	O
God	O
has	O
become	O
known	O
everywhere	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
never	O
have	O
to	O
tell	O
anyone	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


People	O
everywhere	O
are	O
already	O
telling	O
the	O
story	O
about	O
the	O
good	O
way	O
you	O
accepted	O
us	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
there	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


They	O
tell	O
about	O
how	O
you	O
stopped	O
worshiping	O
idols	O
and	O
changed	O
to	O
serve	O
the	O
living	O
and	O
true	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
began	O
waiting	O
for	O
God	O
's	O
Son	O
to	O
come	O
from	O
heaven	O
--	O
the	O
Son	O
God	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
Jesus	O
,	O
who	O
saves	O
us	O
from	O
God	O
's	O
angry	O
judgment	O
that	O
is	O
coming	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
our	O
visit	O
to	O
you	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
failure	O
.	O


Before	O
we	O
came	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
people	O
in	O
Philippi	O
abused	O
us	O
with	O
insults	O
and	O
made	O
us	O
suffer	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
all	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
,	O
when	O
we	O
came	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
many	O
people	O
there	O
caused	O
trouble	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
our	O
God	O
gave	O
us	O
the	O
courage	O
we	O
needed	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
his	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
encourage	O
people	O
to	O
believe	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
out	O
of	O
wrong	O
motives	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
not	O
trying	O
to	O
trick	O
or	O
fool	O
anyone	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
God	O
who	O
gave	O
us	O
this	O
work	O
but	O
only	O
after	O
he	O
tested	O
us	O
and	O
saw	O
that	O
we	O
could	O
be	O
trusted	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
we	O
speak	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
trying	O
to	O
please	O
people	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
only	O
trying	O
to	O
please	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
can	O
see	O
what	O
is	O
in	O
our	O
hearts	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
we	O
never	O
tried	O
to	O
influence	O
you	O
by	O
saying	O
nice	O
things	O
about	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
not	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
your	O
money	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
no	O
greed	O
to	O
hide	O
from	O
you	O
.	O


God	O
knows	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
not	O
looking	O
for	O
praise	O
from	O
people	O
--	O
not	O
from	O
you	O
or	O
anyone	O
else	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
were	O
with	O
you	O
,	O
as	O
apostles	O
of	O
Christ	O
we	O
could	O
have	O
used	O
our	O
authority	O
to	O
make	O
you	O
help	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
were	O
very	O
gentle	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
like	O
a	O
mother	O
caring	O
for	O
her	O
little	O
children	O
.	O


We	O
loved	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
were	O
happy	O
to	O
share	O
God	O
's	O
Good	O
News	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
not	O
only	O
that	O
--	O
we	O
were	O
also	O
happy	O
to	O
share	O
even	O
our	O
own	O
lives	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
remember	O
how	O
hard	O
we	O
worked	O
.	O


We	O
worked	O
night	O
and	O
day	O
to	O
support	O
ourselves	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
a	O
burden	O
to	O
anyone	O
while	O
we	O
did	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
telling	O
you	O
God	O
's	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
were	O
there	O
with	O
you	O
believers	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
pure	O
,	O
honest	O
,	O
and	O
without	O
fault	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
lived	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
God	O
does	O
,	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
we	O
treated	O
each	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
the	O
way	O
a	O
father	O
treats	O
his	O
own	O
children	O
.	O


We	O
encouraged	O
you	O
,	O
we	O
comforted	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
told	O
you	O
to	O
live	O
good	O
lives	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
calls	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
his	O
glorious	O
kingdom	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
we	O
always	O
thank	O
God	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
accepted	O
his	O
message	O
.	O


You	O
heard	O
it	O
and	O
accepted	O
it	O
as	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
,	O
not	O
our	O
own	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
really	O
is	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
works	O
in	O
you	O
who	O
believe	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
like	O
God	O
's	O
churches	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
that	O
are	O
in	O
Judea	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
treated	O
badly	O
by	O
your	O
own	O
people	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
in	O
Judea	O
were	O
treated	O
badly	O
by	O
the	O
other	O
Jews	O
there	O
.	O


Those	O
Jews	O
killed	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
and	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
forced	O
us	O
to	O
leave	O
their	O
country	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
not	O
pleasing	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
against	O
everyone	O
else	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
stop	O
us	O
from	O
teaching	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
saved	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
are	O
just	O
adding	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
sins	O
to	O
the	O
ones	O
they	O
already	O
have	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
time	O
has	O
come	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
suffer	O
God	O
's	O
anger	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
separated	O
from	O
you	O
for	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
though	O
we	O
were	O
not	O
there	O
,	O
our	O
thoughts	O
were	O
still	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
wanted	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
tried	O
very	O
hard	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
we	O
wanted	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
,	O
Paul	O
,	O
tried	O
more	O
than	O
once	O
to	O
come	O
,	O
but	O
Satan	O
stopped	O
us	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
our	O
hope	O
,	O
our	O
joy	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
crown	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
proud	O
of	O
when	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
comes	O
.	O


You	O
bring	O
us	O
honor	O
and	O
joy	O
.	O


We	O
could	O
not	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
very	O
hard	O
to	O
wait	O
any	O
longer	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
decided	O
to	O
send	O
Timothy	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
stay	O
in	O
Athens	O
alone	O
.	O


Timothy	O
is	O
our	O
brother	O
.	O


He	O
works	O
with	O
us	O
for	O
God	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
Christ	O
.	O


We	O
sent	O
Timothy	O
to	O
strengthen	O
and	O
encourage	O
you	O
in	O
your	O
faith	O
.	O


We	O
sent	O
him	O
so	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
you	O
would	O
be	O
upset	O
by	O
the	O
troubles	O
we	O
have	O
now	O
.	O


You	O
yourselves	O
know	O
that	O
we	O
must	O
have	O
these	O
troubles	O
.	O


Even	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
with	O
you	O
,	O
we	O
told	O
you	O
that	O
we	O
would	O
all	O
have	O
to	O
suffer	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
it	O
happened	O
just	O
as	O
we	O
said	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
sent	O
Timothy	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
could	O
know	O
about	O
your	O
faith	O
.	O


I	O
sent	O
him	O
when	O
I	O
could	O
not	O
wait	O
anymore	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
afraid	O
that	O
the	O
devil	O
who	O
tempts	O
people	O
might	O
have	O
defeated	O
you	O
with	O
temptations	O
.	O


Then	O
our	O
hard	O
work	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
wasted	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
Timothy	O
has	O
come	O
back	O
from	O
his	O
visit	O
with	O
you	O
and	O
told	O
us	O
good	O
news	O
about	O
your	O
faith	O
and	O
love	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
us	O
that	O
you	O
always	O
remember	O
us	O
in	O
a	O
good	O
way	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
us	O
that	O
you	O
want	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
see	O
us	O
again	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
us	O
--	O
we	O
want	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
encouraged	O
about	O
you	O
because	O
of	O
your	O
faith	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
much	O
trouble	O
and	O
suffering	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
we	O
are	O
encouraged	O
.	O


Our	O
life	O
is	O
really	O
full	O
if	O
you	O
stand	O
strong	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
so	O
much	O
joy	O
before	O
our	O
God	O
because	O
of	O
you	O
!	O


So	O
we	O
thank	O
God	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
thank	O
him	O
enough	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
joy	O
we	O
feel	O
.	O


Night	O
and	O
day	O
we	O
continue	O
praying	O
with	O
all	O
our	O
heart	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
come	O
there	O
and	O
see	O
you	O
again	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
to	O
give	O
you	O
everything	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
make	O
your	O
faith	O
strong	O
.	O


We	O
pray	O
that	O
our	O
God	O
and	O
Father	O
and	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
will	O
prepare	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
pray	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
will	O
make	O
your	O
love	O
grow	O
.	O


We	O
pray	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
love	O
for	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
for	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


We	O
pray	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
love	O
everyone	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
we	O
love	O
you	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
strengthen	O
your	O
desire	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
holy	O
and	O
without	O
fault	O
before	O
our	O
God	O
and	O
Father	O
when	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
comes	O
with	O
all	O
his	O
holy	O
people	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
now	O
I	O
have	O
some	O
other	O
things	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
taught	O
you	O
how	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
will	O
please	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
are	O
living	O
that	O
way	O
.	O


Now	O
we	O
ask	O
and	O
encourage	O
you	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
to	O
live	O
that	O
way	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
all	O
that	O
we	O
told	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
by	O
the	O
authority	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
.	O


God	O
wants	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
holy	O
.	O


He	O
wants	O
you	O
to	O
stay	O
away	O
from	O
sexual	O
sins	O
.	O


God	O
wants	O
each	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
to	O
learn	O
to	O
control	O
your	O
own	O
body	O
.	O


Use	O
your	O
body	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
is	O
holy	O
and	O
that	O
gives	O
honor	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
let	O
your	O
sexual	O
desires	O
control	O
you	O
like	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
God	O
.	O


Never	O
wrong	O
any	O
of	O
your	O
fellow	O
believers	O
or	O
cheat	O
them	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
will	O
punish	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
already	O
told	O
you	O
this	O
and	O
warned	O
you	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


God	O
chose	O
us	O
to	O
be	O
holy	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
not	O
want	O
us	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
sin	O
.	O


So	O
anyone	O
who	O
refuses	O
to	O
obey	O
this	O
teaching	O
is	O
refusing	O
to	O
obey	O
God	O
,	O
not	O
us	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
gives	O
you	O
his	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
write	O
to	O
you	O
about	O
having	O
love	O
for	O
your	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


God	O
has	O
already	O
taught	O
you	O
to	O
love	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
you	O
love	O
the	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
Macedonia	O
.	O


We	O
encourage	O
you	O
now	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
to	O
show	O
your	O
love	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
.	O


Do	O
all	O
you	O
can	O
to	O
live	O
a	O
peaceful	O
life	O
.	O


Mind	O
your	O
own	O
business	O
,	O
and	O
earn	O
your	O
own	O
living	O
,	O
as	O
we	O
told	O
you	O
before	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
these	O
things	O
,	O
then	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
believers	O
will	O
respect	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
live	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
depend	O
on	O
others	O
for	O
what	O
you	O
need	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
we	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
about	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
died	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
sad	O
like	O
other	O
people	O
--	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
no	O
hope	O
.	O


We	O
believe	O
that	O
Jesus	O
died	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
also	O
believe	O
that	O
he	O
rose	O
again	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
God	O
will	O
raise	O
to	O
life	O
through	O
Jesus	O
any	O
who	O
have	O
died	O
and	O
bring	O
them	O
together	O
with	O
him	O
when	O
he	O
comes	O
.	O


What	O
we	O
tell	O
you	O
now	O
is	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
own	O
message	O
.	O


Those	O
of	O
us	O
who	O
are	O
still	O
living	O
when	O
the	O
Lord	O
comes	O
again	O
will	O
join	O
him	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
before	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
already	O
died	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
himself	O
will	O
come	O
down	O
from	O
heaven	O
with	O
a	O
loud	O
command	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
voice	O
of	O
the	O
archangel	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
trumpet	O
call	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
died	O
and	O
were	O
in	O
Christ	O
will	O
rise	O
first	O
.	O


After	O
that	O
,	O
we	O
who	O
are	O
still	O
alive	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
will	O
be	O
gathered	O
up	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
died	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
be	O
taken	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
clouds	O
and	O
meet	O
the	O
Lord	O
in	O
the	O
air	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
the	O
Lord	O
forever	O
.	O


So	O
encourage	O
each	O
other	O
with	O
these	O
words	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
write	O
to	O
you	O
about	O
times	O
and	O
dates	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
very	O
well	O
that	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
the	O
Lord	O
comes	O
again	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
surprise	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
thief	O
who	O
comes	O
at	O
night	O
.	O


People	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
have	O
peace	O
and	O
we	O
are	O
safe	O
.	O
''	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
destruction	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
them	O
quickly	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
pains	O
of	O
a	O
woman	O
giving	O
birth	O
.	O


And	O
those	O
people	O
will	O
not	O
escape	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
are	O
not	O
living	O
in	O
darkness	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
that	O
day	O
will	O
not	O
surprise	O
you	O
like	O
a	O
thief	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
all	O
people	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
light	O
.	O


You	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
day	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
night	O
or	O
to	O
darkness	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
like	O
other	O
people	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
sleeping	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
be	O
awake	O
and	O
have	O
self	O
-	O
control	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
sleep	O
,	O
sleep	O
at	O
night	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
drink	O
too	O
much	O
,	O
drink	O
at	O
night	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
day	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
should	O
control	O
ourselves	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
wear	O
faith	O
and	O
love	O
to	O
protect	O
us	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
hope	O
of	O
salvation	O
should	O
be	O
our	O
helmet	O
.	O


God	O
did	O
not	O
choose	O
us	O
to	O
suffer	O
his	O
anger	O
.	O


God	O
chose	O
us	O
to	O
have	O
salvation	O
through	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Jesus	O
died	O
for	O
us	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
live	O
together	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
if	O
we	O
are	O
alive	O
or	O
dead	O
when	O
Jesus	O
comes	O
.	O


So	O
encourage	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
help	O
each	O
other	O
grow	O
stronger	O
in	O
faith	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
you	O
are	O
already	O
doing	O
.	O


Now	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
we	O
ask	O
you	O
to	O
recognize	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
work	O
hard	O
among	O
you	O
--	O
those	O
who	O
,	O
as	O
followers	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
care	O
for	O
you	O
and	O
tell	O
you	O
how	O
to	O
live	O
.	O


Show	O
them	O
the	O
highest	O
respect	O
and	O
love	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
work	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


Live	O
in	O
peace	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


We	O
ask	O
you	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
to	O
warn	O
those	O
who	O
will	O
not	O
work	O
.	O


Encourage	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
afraid	O
.	O


Help	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
weak	O
.	O


Be	O
patient	O
with	O
everyone	O
.	O


Be	O
sure	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
pays	O
back	O
wrong	O
for	O
wrong	O
.	O


But	O
always	O
try	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
for	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
for	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


Always	O
be	O
full	O
of	O
joy	O
.	O


Never	O
stop	O
praying	O
.	O


Whatever	O
happens	O
,	O
always	O
be	O
thankful	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
how	O
God	O
wants	O
you	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
stop	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
treat	O
prophecy	O
like	O
something	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
.	O


But	O
test	O
everything	O
.	O


Keep	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
,	O
and	O
stay	O
away	O
from	O
everything	O
that	O
is	O
evil	O
.	O


We	O
pray	O
that	O
God	O
himself	O
,	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
peace	O
,	O
will	O
make	O
you	O
pure	O
--	O
belonging	O
only	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


We	O
pray	O
that	O
your	O
whole	O
self	O
--	O
spirit	O
,	O
soul	O
,	O
and	O
body	O
--	O
will	O
be	O
kept	O
safe	O
and	O
be	O
blameless	O
when	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
comes	O
.	O


The	O
one	O
who	O
chose	O
you	O
will	O
do	O
that	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
trust	O
him	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
please	O
pray	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Give	O
all	O
the	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
the	O
special	O
greeting	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
by	O
the	O
authority	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
to	O
read	O
this	O
letter	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
.	O


The	O
grace	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Paul	O
,	O
Silas	O
,	O
and	O
Timothy	O
.	O


To	O
the	O
church	O
of	O
those	O
in	O
Thessalonica	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
in	O
God	O
our	O
Father	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Grace	O
and	O
peace	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


We	O
thank	O
God	O
for	O
you	O
always	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
we	O
should	O
do	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
give	O
us	O
good	O
reason	O
to	O
be	O
thankful	O
:	O
Your	O
faith	O
is	O
growing	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
love	O
that	O
every	O
one	O
of	O
you	O
has	O
for	O
each	O
other	O
is	O
also	O
growing	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
tell	O
the	O
other	O
churches	O
of	O
God	O
how	O
proud	O
we	O
are	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
tell	O
them	O
how	O
you	O
patiently	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
strong	O
and	O
have	O
faith	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
you	O
are	O
being	O
persecuted	O
and	O
are	O
suffering	O
many	O
troubles	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
proof	O
that	O
God	O
is	O
right	O
in	O
his	O
judgment	O
.	O


He	O
wants	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
worthy	O
of	O
his	O
kingdom	O
.	O


Your	O
suffering	O
is	O
for	O
that	O
kingdom	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
punish	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
causing	O
you	O
trouble	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
will	O
bring	O
relief	O
to	O
you	O
who	O
are	O
troubled	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
bring	O
it	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
to	O
us	O
when	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
comes	O
from	O
heaven	O
for	O
all	O
to	O
see	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
his	O
powerful	O
angels	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
come	O
with	O
burning	O
fire	O
to	O
punish	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
God	O
--	O
those	O
who	O
refuse	O
to	O
accept	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
about	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
punished	O
with	O
a	O
destruction	O
that	O
never	O
ends	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
be	O
with	O
the	O
Lord	O
but	O
will	O
be	O
kept	O
away	O
from	O
his	O
great	O
power	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
happen	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
comes	O
to	O
receive	O
honor	O
with	O
his	O
holy	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
be	O
admired	O
among	O
all	O
who	O
have	O
believed	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
includes	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
believed	O
what	O
we	O
told	O
you	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
we	O
always	O
pray	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
ask	O
our	O
God	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
live	O
the	O
good	O
way	O
he	O
wanted	O
when	O
he	O
chose	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
goodness	O
you	O
have	O
makes	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
good	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
faith	O
you	O
have	O
makes	O
you	O
work	O
.	O


We	O
pray	O
that	O
with	O
his	O
power	O
God	O
will	O
help	O
you	O
do	O
these	O
things	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
will	O
be	O
honored	O
because	O
of	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
honored	O
because	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


This	O
can	O
happen	O
only	O
by	O
the	O
grace	O
of	O
our	O
God	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
something	O
to	O
say	O
about	O
the	O
coming	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
you	O
about	O
that	O
time	O
when	O
we	O
will	O
meet	O
together	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
let	O
yourselves	O
be	O
easily	O
upset	O
or	O
worried	O
if	O
you	O
hear	O
that	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
has	O
already	O
come	O
.	O


Someone	O
might	O
say	O
that	O
this	O
idea	O
came	O
from	O
us	O
--	O
in	O
something	O
the	O
Spirit	O
told	O
us	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
something	O
we	O
said	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
a	O
letter	O
we	O
wrote	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
fooled	O
by	O
anything	O
they	O
might	O
say	O
.	O


That	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
will	O
not	O
come	O
until	O
the	O
turning	O
away	O
from	O
God	O
happens	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
day	O
will	O
not	O
come	O
until	O
the	O
Man	O
of	O
Evil	O
appears	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
belongs	O
to	O
hell	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
stand	O
against	O
and	O
put	O
himself	O
above	O
everything	O
that	O
people	O
worship	O
or	O
think	O
is	O
worthy	O
of	O
worship	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
even	O
go	O
into	O
God	O
's	O
Temple	O
and	O
sit	O
there	O
,	O
claiming	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
God	O
.	O


I	O
told	O
you	O
before	O
that	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
would	O
happen	O
.	O


Remember	O
?	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
is	O
stopping	O
that	O
Man	O
of	O
Evil	O
now	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
being	O
stopped	O
now	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
appear	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
.	O


The	O
secret	O
power	O
of	O
evil	O
is	O
already	O
working	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
now	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
stopping	O
that	O
secret	O
power	O
of	O
evil	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
stop	O
it	O
until	O
he	O
is	O
taken	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


Then	O
that	O
Man	O
of	O
Evil	O
will	O
appear	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
will	O
kill	O
him	O
with	O
the	O
breath	O
that	O
comes	O
from	O
his	O
mouth	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
will	O
come	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
everyone	O
will	O
see	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
Man	O
of	O
Evil	O
.	O


When	O
that	O
Man	O
of	O
Evil	O
comes	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
Satan	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
come	O
with	O
great	O
power	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
do	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
false	O
miracles	O
,	O
signs	O
,	O
and	O
wonders	O
.	O


The	O
Man	O
of	O
Evil	O
will	O
use	O
every	O
kind	O
of	O
evil	O
to	O
fool	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
lost	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
lost	O
because	O
they	O
refused	O
to	O
love	O
the	O
truth	O
and	O
be	O
saved	O
.	O


So	O
God	O
will	O
send	O
them	O
something	O
powerful	O
that	O
leads	O
them	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
truth	O
and	O
causes	O
them	O
to	O
believe	O
a	O
lie	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
all	O
be	O
condemned	O
because	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
the	O
truth	O
and	O
because	O
they	O
enjoyed	O
doing	O
evil	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
people	O
the	O
Lord	O
loves	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
always	O
thank	O
God	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
we	O
should	O
do	O
,	O
because	O
God	O
chose	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
people	O
to	O
be	O
saved	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
saved	O
by	O
the	O
Spirit	O
making	O
you	O
holy	O
and	O
by	O
your	O
faith	O
in	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


God	O
chose	O
you	O
to	O
have	O
that	O
salvation	O
.	O


He	O
chose	O
you	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
that	O
we	O
told	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
chosen	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
share	O
in	O
the	O
glory	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
stand	O
strong	O
and	O
continue	O
to	O
believe	O
the	O
teachings	O
we	O
gave	O
you	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
there	O
and	O
by	O
letter	O
.	O


We	O
pray	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
himself	O
and	O
God	O
our	O
Father	O
will	O
comfort	O
you	O
and	O
strengthen	O
you	O
in	O
every	O
good	O
thing	O
you	O
do	O
and	O
say	O
.	O


God	O
loved	O
us	O
and	O
gave	O
us	O
through	O
his	O
grace	O
a	O
wonderful	O
hope	O
and	O
comfort	O
that	O
has	O
no	O
end	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
pray	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Pray	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
teaching	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
spread	O
quickly	O
.	O


And	O
pray	O
that	O
people	O
will	O
give	O
honor	O
to	O
that	O
teaching	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
happened	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
pray	O
that	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
protected	O
from	O
crooked	O
and	O
evil	O
people	O
.	O


Not	O
everyone	O
believes	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Lord	O
is	O
faithful	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
strength	O
and	O
protect	O
you	O
from	O
the	O
Evil	O
One	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
gives	O
us	O
confidence	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
doing	O
what	O
we	O
told	O
you	O
and	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


We	O
pray	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
will	O
cause	O
you	O
to	O
feel	O
God	O
's	O
love	O
and	O
remember	O
Christ	O
's	O
patient	O
endurance	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
authority	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
we	O
tell	O
you	O
to	O
stay	O
away	O
from	O
any	O
believer	O
who	O
refuses	O
to	O
work	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
refuse	O
to	O
work	O
are	O
not	O
following	O
the	O
teaching	O
that	O
we	O
gave	O
them	O
.	O


You	O
yourselves	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
should	O
live	O
like	O
we	O
do	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
not	O
lazy	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
never	O
accepted	O
food	O
from	O
anyone	O
without	O
paying	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


We	O
worked	O
and	O
worked	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
a	O
burden	O
to	O
any	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
worked	O
night	O
and	O
day	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
ask	O
you	O
to	O
help	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
worked	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
ourselves	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
would	O
be	O
an	O
example	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
follow	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
were	O
with	O
you	O
,	O
we	O
gave	O
you	O
this	O
rule	O
:	O
``	O
Whoever	O
will	O
not	O
work	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O
''	O


We	O
hear	O
that	O
some	O
people	O
in	O
your	O
group	O
refuse	O
to	O
work	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
doing	O
nothing	O
except	O
being	O
busy	O
in	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
others	O
.	O


Our	O
instruction	O
to	O
them	O
is	O
to	O
stop	O
bothering	O
others	O
,	O
to	O
start	O
working	O
and	O
earn	O
their	O
own	O
food	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
by	O
the	O
authority	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
urging	O
them	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
never	O
get	O
tired	O
of	O
doing	O
good	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
there	O
who	O
refuse	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
we	O
tell	O
you	O
in	O
this	O
letter	O
,	O
remember	O
who	O
they	O
are	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
associate	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


Then	O
maybe	O
they	O
will	O
feel	O
ashamed	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
treat	O
them	O
as	O
enemies	O
.	O


Counsel	O
them	O
as	O
fellow	O
believers	O
.	O


We	O
pray	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
of	O
peace	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
peace	O
at	O
all	O
times	O
and	O
in	O
every	O
way	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
all	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
my	O
greeting	O
in	O
my	O
own	O
handwriting	O
--	O
Paul	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
this	O
in	O
all	O
my	O
letters	O
to	O
show	O
they	O
are	O
from	O
me	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
way	O
I	O
write	O
.	O


The	O
grace	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
all	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Paul	O
,	O
an	O
apostle	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
an	O
apostle	O
by	O
the	O
command	O
of	O
God	O
our	O
Savior	O
and	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
our	O
hope	O
.	O


To	O
Timothy	O
,	O
a	O
true	O
son	O
to	O
me	O
in	O
the	O
faith	O
we	O
share	O
.	O


Grace	O
,	O
mercy	O
,	O
and	O
peace	O
from	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
our	O
Lord	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
Macedonia	O
,	O
I	O
asked	O
you	O
to	O
stay	O
in	O
Ephesus	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
there	O
are	O
teaching	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
true	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
tell	O
them	O
to	O
stop	O
.	O


Tell	O
them	O
not	O
to	O
give	O
their	O
time	O
to	O
meaningless	O
stories	O
and	O
to	O
long	O
lists	O
of	O
names	O
to	O
prove	O
their	O
family	O
histories	O
.	O


Such	O
things	O
only	O
cause	O
arguments	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
help	O
God	O
's	O
work	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
done	O
only	O
by	O
faith	O
.	O


My	O
purpose	O
in	O
telling	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
is	O
to	O
promote	O
love	O
--	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
love	O
shown	O
by	O
those	O
whose	O
thoughts	O
are	O
pure	O
,	O
who	O
do	O
what	O
they	O
know	O
is	O
right	O
,	O
and	O
whose	O
faith	O
in	O
God	O
is	O
real	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
have	O
missed	O
this	O
key	O
point	O
in	O
their	O
teaching	O
and	O
have	O
gone	O
off	O
in	O
another	O
direction	O
.	O


Now	O
they	O
talk	O
about	O
things	O
that	O
help	O
no	O
one	O
.	O


They	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
teachers	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
talking	O
about	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
understand	O
the	O
things	O
they	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
sure	O
of	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
law	O
is	O
good	O
if	O
someone	O
uses	O
it	O
right	O
.	O


We	O
also	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
law	O
is	O
not	O
made	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
made	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
against	O
the	O
law	O
and	O
refuse	O
to	O
follow	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
is	O
for	O
sinners	O
who	O
are	O
against	O
God	O
and	O
all	O
that	O
is	O
pleasing	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
no	O
interest	O
in	O
spiritual	O
things	O
and	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
kill	O
their	O
fathers	O
or	O
mothers	O
or	O
anyone	O
else	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
commit	O
sexual	O
sins	O
,	O
homosexuals	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
sell	O
slaves	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
tell	O
lies	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
tell	O
the	O
truth	O
under	O
oath	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
against	O
the	O
true	O
teaching	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


That	O
teaching	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
that	O
our	O
blessed	O
God	O
gave	O
me	O
to	O
tell	O
.	O


In	O
it	O
we	O
see	O
his	O
glory	O
.	O


I	O
thank	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
our	O
Lord	O
because	O
he	O
trusted	O
me	O
and	O
gave	O
me	O
this	O
work	O
of	O
serving	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
gives	O
me	O
strength	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
I	O
insulted	O
Christ	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
proud	O
and	O
violent	O
man	O
,	O
I	O
persecuted	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
gave	O
me	O
mercy	O
because	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
was	O
doing	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
that	O
before	O
I	O
became	O
a	O
believer	O
.	O


But	O
our	O
Lord	O
gave	O
me	O
a	O
full	O
measure	O
of	O
his	O
grace	O
.	O


And	O
with	O
that	O
grace	O
came	O
the	O
faith	O
and	O
love	O
that	O
are	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
a	O
true	O
statement	O
that	O
should	O
be	O
accepted	O
without	O
question	O
:	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
came	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
save	O
sinners	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
worst	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
was	O
given	O
mercy	O
so	O
that	O
in	O
me	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
could	O
show	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
patience	O
without	O
limit	O
.	O


Christ	O
showed	O
his	O
patience	O
with	O
me	O
,	O
the	O
worst	O
of	O
all	O
sinners	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
me	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
example	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
would	O
believe	O
in	O
him	O
and	O
have	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


Honor	O
and	O
glory	O
to	O
the	O
King	O
who	O
rules	O
forever	O
.	O


He	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
destroyed	O
and	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
seen	O
.	O


Honor	O
and	O
glory	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
to	O
the	O
only	O
God	O
.	O


Amen	O
.	O


Timothy	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
like	O
a	O
son	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


What	O
I	O
am	O
telling	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
agrees	O
with	O
the	O
prophecies	O
that	O
were	O
told	O
about	O
you	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
remember	O
those	O
prophecies	O
and	O
fight	O
the	O
good	O
fight	O
of	O
faith	O
.	O


Continue	O
to	O
trust	O
in	O
God	O
and	O
do	O
what	O
you	O
know	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
have	O
not	O
done	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
faith	O
is	O
now	O
in	O
ruins	O
.	O


Hymenaeus	O
and	O
Alexander	O
are	O
men	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
given	O
them	O
to	O
Satan	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
learn	O
not	O
to	O
speak	O
against	O
God	O
.	O


First	O
of	O
all	O
,	O
I	O
ask	O
that	O
you	O
pray	O
for	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


Ask	O
God	O
to	O
bless	O
them	O
and	O
give	O
them	O
what	O
they	O
need	O
.	O


And	O
give	O
thanks	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
pray	O
for	O
rulers	O
and	O
for	O
all	O
who	O
have	O
authority	O
.	O


Pray	O
for	O
these	O
leaders	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
live	O
quiet	O
and	O
peaceful	O
lives	O
--	O
lives	O
full	O
of	O
devotion	O
to	O
God	O
and	O
respect	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
good	O
and	O
pleases	O
God	O
our	O
Savior	O
.	O


God	O
wants	O
everyone	O
to	O
be	O
saved	O
and	O
to	O
fully	O
understand	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
only	O
one	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
only	O
one	O
way	O
that	O
people	O
can	O
reach	O
God	O
.	O


That	O
way	O
is	O
through	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
,	O
who	O
as	O
a	O
man	O
gave	O
himself	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
everyone	O
to	O
be	O
free	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
message	O
that	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
us	O
at	O
just	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
was	O
chosen	O
as	O
an	O
apostle	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
that	O
message	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
I	O
am	O
telling	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
lying	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


I	O
was	O
chosen	O
to	O
teach	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
to	O
believe	O
and	O
understand	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
the	O
men	O
everywhere	O
to	O
pray	O
.	O


Men	O
who	O
lift	O
their	O
hands	O
in	O
prayer	O
must	O
be	O
devoted	O
to	O
God	O
and	O
pleasing	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
must	O
be	O
men	O
who	O
keep	O
themselves	O
from	O
getting	O
angry	O
and	O
having	O
arguments	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
want	O
the	O
women	O
to	O
make	O
themselves	O
attractive	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
.	O


Their	O
clothes	O
should	O
be	O
sensible	O
and	O
appropriate	O
.	O


They	O
should	O
not	O
draw	O
attention	O
to	O
themselves	O
with	O
fancy	O
hairstyles	O
or	O
gold	O
jewelry	O
or	O
pearls	O
or	O
expensive	O
clothes	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
should	O
make	O
themselves	O
attractive	O
by	O
the	O
good	O
things	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
more	O
appropriate	O
for	O
women	O
who	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
devoted	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


A	O
woman	O
should	O
learn	O
while	O
listening	O
quietly	O
and	O
being	O
completely	O
willing	O
to	O
obey	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
allow	O
a	O
woman	O
to	O
teach	O
a	O
man	O
or	O
tell	O
him	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


She	O
must	O
listen	O
quietly	O
,	O
because	O
Adam	O
was	O
made	O
first	O
.	O


Eve	O
was	O
made	O
later	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
Adam	O
was	O
not	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
tricked	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
woman	O
who	O
was	O
tricked	O
and	O
became	O
a	O
sinner	O
.	O


But	O
women	O
will	O
be	O
saved	O
in	O
their	O
work	O
of	O
having	O
children	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
saved	O
if	O
they	O
continue	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
faith	O
,	O
love	O
,	O
and	O
holiness	O
with	O
sensible	O
behavior	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
true	O
statement	O
that	O
anyone	O
whose	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
an	O
elder	O
has	O
his	O
heart	O
set	O
on	O
a	O
good	O
work	O
.	O


An	O
elder	O
must	O
be	O
such	O
a	O
good	O
man	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
rightly	O
criticize	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
be	O
faithful	O
to	O
his	O
wife	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
have	O
self	O
-	O
control	O
and	O
be	O
wise	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
be	O
respected	O
by	O
others	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
be	O
ready	O
to	O
help	O
people	O
by	O
welcoming	O
them	O
into	O
his	O
home	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
teacher	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
not	O
drink	O
too	O
much	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
someone	O
who	O
likes	O
to	O
fight	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
be	O
gentle	O
and	O
peaceful	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
someone	O
who	O
loves	O
money	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
leader	O
of	O
his	O
own	O
family	O
.	O


This	O
means	O
that	O
his	O
children	O
obey	O
him	O
with	O
full	O
respect	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
man	O
does	O
not	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
lead	O
his	O
own	O
family	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
church	O
.	O


An	O
elder	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
a	O
new	O
believer	O
.	O


It	O
might	O
make	O
him	O
too	O
proud	O
of	O
himself	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
condemned	O
for	O
his	O
pride	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
devil	O
was	O
.	O


An	O
elder	O
must	O
also	O
have	O
the	O
respect	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
criticized	O
by	O
others	O
and	O
be	O
caught	O
in	O
the	O
devil	O
's	O
trap	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
men	O
who	O
are	O
chosen	O
to	O
be	O
special	O
servants	O
must	O
have	O
the	O
respect	O
of	O
others	O
.	O


They	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
men	O
who	O
say	O
things	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
mean	O
or	O
who	O
spend	O
their	O
time	O
drinking	O
too	O
much	O
.	O


They	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
men	O
who	O
will	O
do	O
almost	O
anything	O
for	O
money	O
.	O


They	O
must	O
follow	O
the	O
true	O
faith	O
that	O
God	O
has	O
now	O
made	O
known	O
to	O
us	O
and	O
always	O
do	O
what	O
they	O
know	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
test	O
them	O
first	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
find	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
nothing	O
wrong	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
special	O
servants	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
women	O
must	O
have	O
the	O
respect	O
of	O
others	O
.	O


They	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
women	O
who	O
speak	O
evil	O
about	O
other	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
must	O
have	O
self	O
-	O
control	O
and	O
be	O
women	O
who	O
can	O
be	O
trusted	O
in	O
everything	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
who	O
are	O
special	O
servants	O
must	O
be	O
faithful	O
in	O
marriage	O
.	O


They	O
must	O
be	O
good	O
leaders	O
of	O
children	O
and	O
their	O
own	O
families	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
do	O
well	O
as	O
special	O
servants	O
are	O
making	O
an	O
honorable	O
place	O
for	O
themselves	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
will	O
feel	O
very	O
sure	O
of	O
their	O
faith	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
I	O
can	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
soon	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
am	O
writing	O
this	O
to	O
you	O
now	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
I	O
can	O
not	O
come	O
soon	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
know	O
how	O
people	O
should	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


That	O
family	O
is	O
the	O
church	O
of	O
the	O
living	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
's	O
church	O
is	O
the	O
support	O
and	O
foundation	O
of	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


Without	O
a	O
doubt	O
,	O
the	O
secret	O
of	O
our	O
life	O
of	O
worship	O
is	O
great	O
:	O
Christ	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
us	O
in	O
human	O
form	O
;	O
the	O
Spirit	O
proved	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
right	O
;	O
he	O
was	O
seen	O
by	O
angels	O
.	O


The	O
message	O
about	O
him	O
was	O
told	O
to	O
the	O
nations	O
;	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
believed	O
in	O
him	O
;	O
he	O
was	O
taken	O
up	O
to	O
heaven	O
in	O
glory	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
clearly	O
says	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
times	O
some	O
will	O
turn	O
away	O
from	O
what	O
we	O
believe	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
obey	O
spirits	O
that	O
tell	O
lies	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
will	O
follow	O
the	O
teachings	O
of	O
demons	O
.	O


Those	O
teachings	O
come	O
through	O
people	O
who	O
tell	O
lies	O
and	O
trick	O
others	O
.	O


These	O
evil	O
people	O
can	O
not	O
see	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
and	O
what	O
is	O
wrong	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
like	O
their	O
conscience	O
has	O
been	O
destroyed	O
with	O
a	O
hot	O
iron	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
wrong	O
to	O
marry	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
say	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
foods	O
that	O
people	O
must	O
not	O
eat	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
made	O
these	O
foods	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
believe	O
and	O
who	O
understand	O
the	O
truth	O
can	O
eat	O
them	O
with	O
thanks	O
.	O


Everything	O
that	O
God	O
made	O
is	O
good	O
.	O


Nothing	O
he	O
made	O
should	O
be	O
refused	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
accepted	O
with	O
thanks	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


Everything	O
he	O
created	O
is	O
made	O
holy	O
by	O
what	O
he	O
has	O
said	O
and	O
by	O
prayer	O
.	O


Tell	O
this	O
to	O
the	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
there	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
show	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
good	O
servant	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
show	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
made	O
strong	O
by	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
faith	O
and	O
good	O
teaching	O
you	O
have	O
followed	O
.	O


People	O
tell	O
silly	O
stories	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
agree	O
with	O
God	O
's	O
truth	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
follow	O
what	O
these	O
stories	O
teach	O
.	O


But	O
teach	O
yourself	O
to	O
be	O
devoted	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Training	O
your	O
body	O
helps	O
you	O
in	O
some	O
ways	O
.	O


But	O
devotion	O
to	O
God	O
helps	O
you	O
in	O
every	O
way	O
.	O


It	O
brings	O
you	O
blessings	O
in	O
this	O
life	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
life	O
too	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
a	O
true	O
statement	O
that	O
should	O
be	O
accepted	O
without	O
question	O
:	O
We	O
hope	O
in	O
the	O
living	O
God	O
,	O
the	O
Savior	O
of	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


In	O
particular	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
Savior	O
of	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
believe	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
why	O
we	O
work	O
and	O
struggle	O
.	O


Command	O
and	O
teach	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
young	O
,	O
but	O
do	O
n't	O
let	O
anyone	O
treat	O
you	O
as	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
important	O
.	O


Be	O
an	O
example	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
believers	O
how	O
they	O
should	O
live	O
.	O


Show	O
them	O
by	O
what	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
live	O
,	O
by	O
your	O
love	O
,	O
by	O
your	O
faith	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
your	O
pure	O
life	O
.	O


Continue	O
to	O
read	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
encourage	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
teach	O
them	O
.	O


Do	O
this	O
until	O
I	O
come	O
.	O


Remember	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
gift	O
you	O
have	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
you	O
through	O
a	O
prophecy	O
when	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
elders	O
laid	O
their	O
hands	O
on	O
you	O
.	O


Continue	O
to	O
do	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


Give	O
your	O
life	O
to	O
doing	O
them	O
.	O


Then	O
everyone	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
your	O
work	O
is	O
progressing	O
.	O


Be	O
careful	O
in	O
your	O
life	O
and	O
in	O
your	O
teaching	O
.	O


Continue	O
to	O
live	O
and	O
teach	O
rightly	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
save	O
yourself	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
listen	O
to	O
your	O
teaching	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
speak	O
angrily	O
to	O
an	O
older	O
man	O
.	O


But	O
talk	O
to	O
him	O
as	O
if	O
he	O
were	O
your	O
father	O
.	O


Treat	O
the	O
younger	O
men	O
like	O
brothers	O
.	O


Treat	O
the	O
older	O
women	O
like	O
mothers	O
.	O


And	O
treat	O
the	O
younger	O
women	O
with	O
respect	O
like	O
sisters	O
.	O


Take	O
care	O
of	O
widows	O
who	O
really	O
need	O
help	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
a	O
widow	O
has	O
children	O
or	O
grandchildren	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
thing	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
learn	O
is	O
this	O
:	O
to	O
show	O
their	O
devotion	O
to	O
God	O
by	O
taking	O
care	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
family	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
repaying	O
their	O
parents	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
pleases	O
God	O
.	O


A	O
widow	O
who	O
really	O
needs	O
help	O
is	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
left	O
all	O
alone	O
.	O


She	O
trusts	O
God	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
her	O
.	O


She	O
prays	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
night	O
and	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
asks	O
God	O
for	O
help	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
widow	O
who	O
uses	O
her	O
life	O
to	O
please	O
herself	O
is	O
really	O
dead	O
while	O
she	O
is	O
still	O
living	O
.	O


Tell	O
the	O
believers	O
there	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
their	O
family	O
so	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
doing	O
wrong	O
.	O


Everyone	O
should	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
all	O
their	O
own	O
people	O
.	O


Most	O
important	O
,	O
they	O
should	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
family	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
do	O
that	O
,	O
then	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
accept	O
what	O
we	O
believe	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
worse	O
than	O
someone	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
even	O
believe	O
in	O
God	O
.	O


To	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
your	O
list	O
of	O
widows	O
,	O
a	O
woman	O
must	O
be	O
60	O
years	O
old	O
or	O
older	O
.	O


She	O
must	O
have	O
been	O
faithful	O
to	O
her	O
husband	O
.	O


She	O
must	O
be	O
known	O
for	O
the	O
good	O
she	O
has	O
done	O
:	O
raising	O
children	O
,	O
welcoming	O
travelers	O
into	O
her	O
home	O
,	O
serving	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
,	O
helping	O
those	O
in	O
trouble	O
,	O
and	O
using	O
her	O
life	O
to	O
do	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
good	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
put	O
younger	O
widows	O
on	O
that	O
list	O
.	O


When	O
their	O
strong	O
physical	O
needs	O
pull	O
them	O
away	O
from	O
their	O
commitment	O
to	O
Christ	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
want	O
to	O
marry	O
again	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
guilty	O
of	O
not	O
doing	O
what	O
they	O
first	O
promised	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
these	O
younger	O
widows	O
begin	O
to	O
waste	O
their	O
time	O
going	O
from	O
house	O
to	O
house	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
begin	O
to	O
gossip	O
and	O
try	O
to	O
run	O
other	O
people	O
's	O
lives	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
things	O
they	O
should	O
not	O
say	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
want	O
the	O
younger	O
widows	O
to	O
marry	O
,	O
have	O
children	O
,	O
and	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
their	O
homes	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
our	O
enemy	O
will	O
not	O
have	O
any	O
reason	O
to	O
criticize	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
younger	O
widows	O
have	O
already	O
turned	O
away	O
to	O
follow	O
Satan	O
.	O


If	O
any	O
woman	O
who	O
is	O
a	O
believer	O
has	O
widows	O
in	O
her	O
family	O
,	O
she	O
should	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
them	O
herself	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
church	O
will	O
not	O
have	O
that	O
burden	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
the	O
widows	O
who	O
have	O
no	O
one	O
else	O
to	O
help	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
elders	O
who	O
lead	O
the	O
church	O
in	O
a	O
good	O
way	O
should	O
receive	O
double	O
honor	O
--	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
counseling	O
and	O
teaching	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
When	O
a	O
work	O
animal	O
is	O
being	O
used	O
to	O
separate	O
grain	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
keep	O
it	O
from	O
eating	O
the	O
grain	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
also	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
A	O
worker	O
should	O
be	O
given	O
his	O
pay	O
.	O
''	O


Do	O
n't	O
listen	O
to	O
someone	O
who	O
accuses	O
an	O
elder	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
listen	O
to	O
them	O
only	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
two	O
or	O
three	O
others	O
who	O
can	O
say	O
what	O
the	O
elder	O
did	O
wrong	O
.	O


Tell	O
those	O
who	O
sin	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
wrong	O
.	O


Do	O
this	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
church	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
others	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
warning	O
.	O


Before	O
God	O
and	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
and	O
the	O
chosen	O
angels	O
,	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
to	O
make	O
these	O
judgments	O
without	O
any	O
prejudice	O
.	O


Treat	O
every	O
person	O
the	O
same	O
.	O


Think	O
carefully	O
before	O
you	O
lay	O
your	O
hands	O
on	O
anyone	O
to	O
make	O
him	O
an	O
elder	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
share	O
in	O
the	O
sins	O
of	O
others	O
.	O


Keep	O
yourself	O
pure	O
.	O


Timothy	O
,	O
stop	O
drinking	O
only	O
water	O
,	O
and	O
drink	O
a	O
little	O
wine	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
help	O
your	O
stomach	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
sick	O
so	O
often	O
.	O


The	O
sins	O
of	O
some	O
people	O
are	O
easy	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


Their	O
sins	O
show	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
judged	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
sins	O
of	O
some	O
others	O
are	O
seen	O
only	O
later	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
the	O
good	O
things	O
people	O
do	O
.	O


Some	O
are	O
easy	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
obvious	O
now	O
,	O
none	O
of	O
them	O
will	O
stay	O
hidden	O
forever	O
.	O


All	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
slaves	O
should	O
show	O
full	O
respect	O
to	O
their	O
masters	O
.	O


Then	O
God	O
's	O
name	O
and	O
our	O
teaching	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
criticized	O
.	O


Some	O
slaves	O
have	O
masters	O
who	O
are	O
believers	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
are	O
brothers	O
.	O


Does	O
this	O
mean	O
they	O
should	O
show	O
their	O
masters	O
any	O
less	O
respect	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
they	O
should	O
serve	O
them	O
even	O
better	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
helping	O
believers	O
,	O
people	O
they	O
should	O
love	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
you	O
must	O
teach	O
and	O
tell	O
everyone	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
will	O
teach	O
what	O
is	O
false	O
and	O
will	O
not	O
agree	O
with	O
the	O
true	O
teaching	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
not	O
accept	O
the	O
teaching	O
that	O
produces	O
a	O
life	O
of	O
devotion	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
proud	O
of	O
what	O
they	O
know	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
understand	O
nothing	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
sick	O
with	O
a	O
love	O
for	O
arguing	O
and	O
fighting	O
about	O
words	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
brings	O
jealousy	O
,	O
quarrels	O
,	O
insults	O
,	O
and	O
evil	O
mistrust	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
always	O
making	O
trouble	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
people	O
whose	O
thinking	O
has	O
been	O
confused	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
lost	O
their	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


They	O
think	O
that	O
devotion	O
to	O
God	O
is	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
get	O
rich	O
.	O


Devotion	O
to	O
God	O
is	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
a	O
way	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
rich	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
if	O
it	O
makes	O
them	O
satisfied	O
with	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
came	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
we	O
brought	O
nothing	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
we	O
die	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
take	O
nothing	O
out	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
if	O
we	O
have	O
food	O
and	O
clothes	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
satisfied	O
with	O
that	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
rich	O
bring	O
temptations	O
to	O
themselves	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
caught	O
in	O
a	O
trap	O
.	O


They	O
begin	O
to	O
want	O
many	O
foolish	O
things	O
that	O
will	O
hurt	O
them	O
.	O


These	O
things	O
ruin	O
and	O
destroy	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
love	O
of	O
money	O
causes	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
evil	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
have	O
turned	O
away	O
from	O
what	O
we	O
believe	O
because	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
money	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
have	O
caused	O
themselves	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
pain	O
and	O
sorrow	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
belong	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
should	O
stay	O
away	O
from	O
all	O
those	O
things	O
.	O


Always	O
try	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
devoted	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
have	O
faith	O
,	O
love	O
,	O
patience	O
,	O
and	O
gentleness	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
to	O
fight	O
to	O
keep	O
our	O
faith	O
.	O


Try	O
as	O
hard	O
as	O
you	O
can	O
to	O
win	O
that	O
fight	O
.	O


Take	O
hold	O
of	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
life	O
you	O
were	O
chosen	O
to	O
have	O
when	O
you	O
confessed	O
your	O
faith	O
in	O
Jesus	O
--	O
that	O
wonderful	O
truth	O
that	O
you	O
spoke	O
so	O
openly	O
and	O
that	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
heard	O
.	O


Before	O
God	O
and	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
I	O
give	O
you	O
a	O
command	O
.	O


Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
confessed	O
that	O
same	O
wonderful	O
truth	O
when	O
he	O
stood	O
before	O
Pontius	O
Pilate	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
gives	O
life	O
to	O
everything	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
:	O
Do	O
what	O
you	O
were	O
commanded	O
to	O
do	O
without	O
fault	O
or	O
blame	O
until	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
comes	O
again	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
make	O
that	O
happen	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
the	O
blessed	O
and	O
only	O
Ruler	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
King	O
of	O
all	O
kings	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
of	O
all	O
lords	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
who	O
never	O
dies	O
.	O


He	O
lives	O
in	O
light	O
so	O
bright	O
that	O
people	O
can	O
not	O
go	O
near	O
it	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
has	O
ever	O
seen	O
him	O
;	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
.	O


All	O
honor	O
and	O
power	O
belong	O
to	O
him	O
forever	O
.	O


Amen	O
.	O


Give	O
this	O
command	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
rich	O
with	O
the	O
things	O
of	O
this	O
world	O
.	O


Tell	O
them	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
proud	O
.	O


Tell	O
them	O
to	O
hope	O
in	O
God	O
,	O
not	O
their	O
money	O
.	O


Money	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
trusted	O
,	O
but	O
God	O
takes	O
care	O
of	O
us	O
richly	O
.	O


He	O
gives	O
us	O
everything	O
to	O
enjoy	O
.	O


Tell	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
rich	O
to	O
do	O
good	O
--	O
to	O
be	O
rich	O
in	O
good	O
works	O
.	O


And	O
tell	O
them	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
happy	O
to	O
give	O
and	O
ready	O
to	O
share	O
.	O


By	O
doing	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
saving	O
up	O
a	O
treasure	O
for	O
themselves	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
treasure	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
strong	O
foundation	O
on	O
which	O
their	O
future	O
life	O
will	O
be	O
built	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
life	O
that	O
is	O
true	O
life	O
.	O


Timothy	O
,	O
God	O
has	O
trusted	O
you	O
with	O
many	O
things	O
.	O


Keep	O
these	O
things	O
safe	O
.	O


Stay	O
away	O
from	O
people	O
who	O
talk	O
about	O
useless	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
from	O
God	O
and	O
who	O
argue	O
against	O
you	O
with	O
a	O
``	O
knowledge	O
''	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
knowledge	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
who	O
claim	O
to	O
have	O
that	O
``	O
knowledge	O
''	O
have	O
gone	O
completely	O
away	O
from	O
what	O
we	O
believe	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
grace	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
all	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Paul	O
,	O
an	O
apostle	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
an	O
apostle	O
because	O
God	O
wanted	O
me	O
to	O
be	O
.	O


God	O
sent	O
me	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
about	O
the	O
promise	O
of	O
life	O
that	O
is	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


To	O
Timothy	O
,	O
a	O
dear	O
son	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


Grace	O
,	O
mercy	O
,	O
and	O
peace	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
from	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
our	O
Lord	O
.	O


I	O
always	O
remember	O
you	O
in	O
my	O
prayers	O
day	O
and	O
night	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
these	O
prayers	O
I	O
thank	O
God	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
God	O
my	O
ancestors	O
served	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
have	O
always	O
served	O
him	O
with	O
a	O
clear	O
conscience	O
.	O


I	O
remember	O
that	O
you	O
cried	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
can	O
be	O
filled	O
with	O
joy	O
.	O


I	O
remember	O
your	O
true	O
faith	O
.	O


That	O
kind	O
of	O
faith	O
first	O
belonged	O
to	O
your	O
grandmother	O
Lois	O
and	O
to	O
your	O
mother	O
Eunice	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
you	O
now	O
have	O
that	O
same	O
faith	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
remember	O
the	O
gift	O
God	O
gave	O
you	O
.	O


God	O
gave	O
you	O
that	O
gift	O
when	O
I	O
laid	O
my	O
hands	O
on	O
you	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
use	O
that	O
gift	O
and	O
let	O
it	O
grow	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
small	O
flame	O
grows	O
into	O
a	O
fire	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
God	O
gave	O
us	O
does	O
not	O
make	O
us	O
afraid	O
.	O


His	O
Spirit	O
is	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
power	O
and	O
love	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
control	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
ashamed	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
about	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
.	O


And	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
ashamed	O
of	O
me	O
--	O
I	O
am	O
in	O
prison	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


But	O
suffer	O
with	O
me	O
for	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


God	O
gives	O
us	O
the	O
strength	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


God	O
saved	O
us	O
and	O
chose	O
us	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
holy	O
people	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
because	O
of	O
anything	O
we	O
ourselves	O
did	O
.	O


God	O
saved	O
us	O
and	O
made	O
us	O
his	O
people	O
because	O
that	O
was	O
what	O
he	O
wanted	O
and	O
because	O
of	O
his	O
grace	O
.	O


That	O
grace	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
us	O
through	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
before	O
time	O
began	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
us	O
in	O
the	O
coming	O
of	O
our	O
Savior	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
destroyed	O
death	O
and	O
showed	O
us	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
have	O
life	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
through	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
Jesus	O
showed	O
us	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
have	O
life	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
destroyed	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
chosen	O
to	O
tell	O
people	O
that	O
message	O
as	O
an	O
apostle	O
and	O
teacher	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
suffer	O
now	O
because	O
of	O
that	O
work	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
ashamed	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
the	O
one	O
I	O
have	O
believed	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
sure	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
protect	O
what	O
he	O
has	O
trusted	O
me	O
with	O
until	O
that	O
Day	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
heard	O
me	O
teach	O
is	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
what	O
you	O
should	O
teach	O
.	O


Follow	O
that	O
model	O
of	O
right	O
teaching	O
with	O
the	O
faith	O
and	O
love	O
we	O
have	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


This	O
teaching	O
is	O
a	O
treasure	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
trusted	O
with	O
.	O


Protect	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
,	O
who	O
lives	O
inside	O
us	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
everyone	O
in	O
Asia	O
has	O
left	O
me	O
.	O


Even	O
Phygelus	O
and	O
Hermogenes	O
have	O
left	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
will	O
show	O
mercy	O
to	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Onesiphorus	O
.	O


Many	O
times	O
Onesiphorus	O
encouraged	O
me	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
not	O
ashamed	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
prison	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
not	O
ashamed	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
came	O
to	O
Rome	O
,	O
he	O
looked	O
and	O
looked	O
for	O
me	O
until	O
he	O
found	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
will	O
make	O
sure	O
Onesiphorus	O
receives	O
mercy	O
from	O
the	O
Lord	O
God	O
on	O
that	O
Day	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
how	O
many	O
ways	O
this	O
brother	O
helped	O
me	O
in	O
Ephesus	O
.	O


Timothy	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
son	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


Be	O
strong	O
in	O
the	O
grace	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
because	O
we	O
belong	O
to	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
have	O
heard	O
me	O
teach	O
publicly	O
you	O
should	O
teach	O
to	O
others	O
.	O


Share	O
these	O
teachings	O
with	O
people	O
you	O
can	O
trust	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
teach	O
others	O
these	O
same	O
things	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
good	O
soldier	O
of	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
,	O
accept	O
your	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
troubles	O
we	O
have	O
.	O


A	O
soldier	O
wants	O
to	O
please	O
his	O
commanding	O
officer	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
does	O
not	O
spend	O
any	O
time	O
on	O
activities	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
his	O
duty	O
.	O


Athletes	O
in	O
a	O
race	O
must	O
obey	O
all	O
the	O
rules	O
to	O
win	O
.	O


The	O
farmer	O
who	O
works	O
hard	O
deserves	O
the	O
first	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
harvest	O
.	O


Think	O
about	O
what	O
I	O
am	O
saying	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
will	O
help	O
you	O
understand	O
it	O
all	O
.	O


Remember	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
from	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
David	O
.	O


After	O
Jesus	O
died	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
that	O
I	O
tell	O
people	O
.	O


And	O
because	O
I	O
tell	O
that	O
message	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
suffering	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
even	O
bound	O
with	O
chains	O
like	O
someone	O
who	O
has	O
really	O
done	O
wrong	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
is	O
not	O
bound	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
patiently	O
accept	O
all	O
these	O
troubles	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
this	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
people	O
God	O
has	O
chosen	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
have	O
the	O
salvation	O
that	O
is	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


With	O
this	O
salvation	O
comes	O
glory	O
that	O
never	O
ends	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
a	O
true	O
statement	O
:	O
If	O
we	O
died	O
with	O
him	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
also	O
live	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
remain	O
faithful	O
even	O
in	O
suffering	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
also	O
rule	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
refuse	O
to	O
say	O
we	O
know	O
him	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
refuse	O
to	O
say	O
he	O
knows	O
us	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
faithful	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
still	O
be	O
faithful	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
false	O
to	O
himself	O
.	O


Keep	O
on	O
telling	O
everyone	O
these	O
truths	O
.	O


And	O
warn	O
them	O
before	O
God	O
not	O
to	O
argue	O
about	O
words	O
.	O


Such	O
arguments	O
do	O
n't	O
help	O
anyone	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
ruin	O
those	O
who	O
listen	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Do	O
your	O
best	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
person	O
God	O
will	O
accept	O
,	O
and	O
give	O
yourself	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


Be	O
a	O
worker	O
who	O
has	O
no	O
reason	O
to	O
be	O
ashamed	O
of	O
his	O
work	O
,	O
one	O
who	O
applies	O
the	O
true	O
teaching	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
.	O


Stay	O
away	O
from	O
people	O
who	O
talk	O
about	O
useless	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


That	O
kind	O
of	O
talk	O
will	O
lead	O
a	O
person	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
against	O
God	O
.	O


Their	O
evil	O
teaching	O
will	O
spread	O
like	O
a	O
sickness	O
inside	O
the	O
body	O
.	O


Hymenaeus	O
and	O
Philetus	O
are	O
men	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
left	O
the	O
true	O
teaching	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
people	O
will	O
be	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
has	O
already	O
come	O
and	O
gone	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
are	O
destroying	O
the	O
faith	O
of	O
some	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
's	O
strong	O
foundation	O
never	O
moves	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
words	O
are	O
written	O
on	O
it	O
:	O
``	O
The	O
Lord	O
knows	O
those	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


Also	O
,	O
these	O
words	O
are	O
written	O
there	O
:	O
``	O
Everyone	O
who	O
says	O
they	O
believe	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
must	O
stop	O
doing	O
wrong	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
a	O
large	O
house	O
there	O
are	O
things	O
made	O
of	O
gold	O
and	O
silver	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
are	O
also	O
things	O
made	O
of	O
wood	O
and	O
clay	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
these	O
are	O
used	O
for	O
special	O
purposes	O
,	O
others	O
for	O
ordinary	O
jobs	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
wants	O
to	O
use	O
you	O
for	O
special	O
purposes	O
,	O
so	O
make	O
yourself	O
clean	O
from	O
all	O
evil	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
holy	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Master	O
can	O
use	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
ready	O
for	O
any	O
good	O
work	O
.	O


Stay	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
a	O
young	O
person	O
like	O
you	O
typically	O
wants	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Do	O
your	O
best	O
to	O
live	O
right	O
and	O
to	O
have	O
faith	O
,	O
love	O
,	O
and	O
peace	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
others	O
who	O
trust	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
with	O
pure	O
hearts	O
.	O


Stay	O
away	O
from	O
foolish	O
and	O
stupid	O
arguments	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
these	O
arguments	O
grow	O
into	O
bigger	O
arguments	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
servant	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
not	O
argue	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
be	O
kind	O
to	O
everyone	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
teacher	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
must	O
be	O
patient	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
gently	O
teach	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
agree	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


Maybe	O
God	O
will	O
let	O
them	O
change	O
their	O
hearts	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
accept	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


The	O
devil	O
has	O
trapped	O
them	O
and	O
now	O
makes	O
them	O
do	O
what	O
he	O
wants	O
.	O


But	O
maybe	O
they	O
can	O
wake	O
up	O
to	O
see	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
and	O
free	O
themselves	O
from	O
the	O
devil	O
's	O
trap	O
.	O


Remember	O
this	O
:	O
There	O
are	O
some	O
terrible	O
times	O
coming	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
days	O
.	O


People	O
will	O
love	O
only	O
themselves	O
and	O
money	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
proud	O
and	O
boast	O
about	O
themselves	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
abuse	O
others	O
with	O
insults	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
not	O
obey	O
their	O
parents	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
ungrateful	O
and	O
against	O
all	O
that	O
is	O
pleasing	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
have	O
no	O
love	O
for	O
others	O
and	O
will	O
refuse	O
to	O
forgive	O
anyone	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
talk	O
about	O
others	O
to	O
hurt	O
them	O
and	O
will	O
have	O
no	O
self	O
-	O


control	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
cruel	O
and	O
hate	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
.	O


People	O
will	O
turn	O
against	O
their	O
friends	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
do	O
foolish	O
things	O
without	O
thinking	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
so	O
proud	O
of	O
themselves	O
.	O


Instead	O
of	O
loving	O
God	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
love	O
pleasure	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
go	O
on	O
pretending	O
to	O
be	O
devoted	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
will	O
refuse	O
to	O
let	O
that	O
``	O
devotion	O
''	O
change	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
live	O
.	O


Stay	O
away	O
from	O
these	O
people	O
!	O


Some	O
of	O
them	O
go	O
into	O
homes	O
and	O
get	O
control	O
over	O
weak	O
women	O
,	O
whose	O
lives	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
sin	O
--	O
women	O
who	O
are	O
led	O
into	O
sin	O
by	O
all	O
the	O
things	O
they	O
want	O
.	O


These	O
women	O
always	O
want	O
to	O
learn	O
something	O
new	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
never	O
able	O
to	O
fully	O
understand	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


Just	O
as	O
Jannes	O
and	O
Jambres	O
fought	O
against	O
Moses	O
,	O
these	O
people	O
fight	O
against	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


Their	O
thinking	O
has	O
been	O
confused	O
.	O


The	O
faith	O
they	O
have	O
and	O
teach	O
is	O
worthless	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
will	O
not	O
succeed	O
in	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Everyone	O
will	O
see	O
how	O
foolish	O
they	O
are	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
what	O
happened	O
to	O
Jannes	O
and	O
Jambres	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
know	O
all	O
about	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
teach	O
and	O
the	O
way	O
I	O
live	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
my	O
goal	O
in	O
life	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
my	O
faith	O
,	O
my	O
patience	O
,	O
and	O
my	O
love	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
never	O
stop	O
trying	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
about	O
my	O
persecutions	O
and	O
my	O
sufferings	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
all	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
happened	O
to	O
me	O
in	O
Antioch	O
,	O
Iconium	O
,	O
and	O
Lystra	O
--	O
the	O
persecution	O
I	O
suffered	O
in	O
those	O
places	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Lord	O
saved	O
me	O
from	O
all	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
wants	O
to	O
live	O
showing	O
true	O
devotion	O
to	O
God	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
will	O
be	O
persecuted	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
are	O
evil	O
and	O
cheat	O
others	O
will	O
become	O
worse	O
and	O
worse	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
fool	O
others	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
fooling	O
themselves	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
should	O
continue	O
following	O
the	O
teaching	O
you	O
learned	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
it	O
is	O
true	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
can	O
trust	O
those	O
who	O
taught	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
known	O
the	O
Holy	O
Scriptures	O
since	O
you	O
were	O
a	O
child	O
.	O


These	O
Scriptures	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
you	O
wise	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
wisdom	O
leads	O
to	O
salvation	O
through	O
faith	O
in	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


All	O
Scripture	O
is	O
given	O
by	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
all	O
Scripture	O
is	O
useful	O
for	O
teaching	O
and	O
for	O
showing	O
people	O
what	O
is	O
wrong	O
in	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
useful	O
for	O
correcting	O
faults	O
and	O
teaching	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
to	O
live	O
.	O


Using	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
serve	O
God	O
will	O
be	O
prepared	O
and	O
will	O
have	O
everything	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
every	O
good	O
work	O
.	O


Before	O
God	O
and	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
I	O
give	O
you	O
a	O
command	O
.	O


Christ	O
Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
will	O
judge	O
all	O
people	O
--	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
living	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
died	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
coming	O
again	O
to	O
rule	O
in	O
his	O
kingdom	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
give	O
you	O
this	O
command	O
:	O
Tell	O
everyone	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
.	O


Be	O
ready	O
at	O
all	O
times	O
to	O
do	O
whatever	O
is	O
needed	O
.	O


Tell	O
people	O
what	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
tell	O
them	O
when	O
they	O
are	O
doing	O
wrong	O
,	O
and	O
encourage	O
them	O
.	O


Do	O
this	O
with	O
great	O
patience	O
and	O
careful	O
teaching	O
.	O


The	O
time	O
will	O
come	O
when	O
people	O
will	O
not	O
listen	O
to	O
the	O
true	O
teaching	O
.	O


But	O
people	O
will	O
find	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
teachers	O
who	O
please	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
find	O
teachers	O
who	O
say	O
what	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
hear	O
.	O


People	O
will	O
stop	O
listening	O
to	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
begin	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
teaching	O
in	O
false	O
stories	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
should	O
control	O
yourself	O
at	O
all	O
times	O
.	O


When	O
troubles	O
come	O
,	O
accept	O
them	O
.	O


Do	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
telling	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


Do	O
all	O
the	O
duties	O
of	O
a	O
servant	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


My	O
life	O
is	O
being	O
given	O
as	O
an	O
offering	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
time	O
has	O
come	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
leave	O
this	O
life	O
here	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
fought	O
the	O
good	O
fight	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
finished	O
the	O
race	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
served	O
the	O
Lord	O
faithfully	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
a	O
prize	O
is	O
waiting	O
for	O
me	O
--	O
the	O
crown	O
that	O
will	O
show	O
I	O
am	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
,	O
the	O
judge	O
who	O
judges	O
rightly	O
,	O
will	O
give	O
it	O
to	O
me	O
on	O
that	O
Day	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
give	O
it	O
to	O
me	O
and	O
to	O
everyone	O
else	O
who	O
is	O
eagerly	O
looking	O
forward	O
to	O
his	O
coming	O
.	O


Do	O
your	O
best	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
me	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
you	O
can	O
.	O


Demas	O
loved	O
this	O
world	O
too	O
much	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
he	O
left	O
me	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
to	O
Thessalonica	O
.	O


Crescens	O
went	O
to	O
Galatia	O
.	O


And	O
Titus	O
went	O
to	O
Dalmatia	O
.	O


Luke	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
still	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


Get	O
Mark	O
and	O
bring	O
him	O
with	O
you	O
when	O
you	O
come	O
.	O


He	O
can	O
help	O
me	O
in	O
my	O
work	O
here	O
.	O


I	O
sent	O
Tychicus	O
to	O
Ephesus	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
Troas	O
,	O
I	O
left	O
my	O
coat	O
there	O
with	O
Carpus	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
you	O
come	O
,	O
bring	O
it	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
bring	O
my	O
books	O
.	O


The	O
books	O
written	O
on	O
parchment	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
I	O
need	O
.	O


Alexander	O
the	O
metalworker	O
caused	O
me	O
so	O
much	O
harm	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
will	O
punish	O
him	O
for	O
what	O
he	O
did	O
.	O


He	O
fought	O
against	O
everything	O
we	O
teach	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
be	O
careful	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
hurt	O
you	O
too	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
time	O
I	O
defended	O
myself	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
helped	O
me	O
.	O


Everyone	O
left	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
God	O
will	O
forgive	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Lord	O
stayed	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
gave	O
me	O
strength	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
could	O
tell	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
everywhere	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
to	O
hear	O
that	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
was	O
saved	O
from	O
the	O
lion	O
's	O
mouth	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
will	O
save	O
me	O
when	O
anyone	O
tries	O
to	O
hurt	O
me	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
bring	O
me	O
safely	O
to	O
his	O
heavenly	O
kingdom	O
.	O


Glory	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
be	O
the	O
Lord's	O
.	O


Amen	O
.	O


Give	O
my	O
greetings	O
to	O
Priscilla	O
and	O
Aquila	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Onesiphorus	O
.	O


Erastus	O
stayed	O
in	O
Corinth	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
left	O
Trophimus	O
in	O
Miletus	O
--	O
he	O
was	O
sick	O
.	O


Try	O
as	O
hard	O
as	O
you	O
can	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
me	O
before	O
winter	O
.	O


Greetings	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
Eubulus	O
,	O
Pudens	O
,	O
Linus	O
,	O
Claudia	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
here	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
be	O
with	O
your	O
spirit	O
.	O


Grace	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Paul	O
,	O
a	O
servant	O
of	O
God	O
and	O
an	O
apostle	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
sent	O
to	O
help	O
God	O
's	O
chosen	O
people	O
have	O
faith	O
and	O
understand	O
the	O
truth	O
that	O
produces	O
a	O
life	O
of	O
devotion	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


This	O
faith	O
and	O
knowledge	O
make	O
us	O
sure	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


God	O
promised	O
that	O
life	O
to	O
us	O
before	O
time	O
began	O
--	O
and	O
God	O
does	O
not	O
lie	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
,	O
God	O
let	O
the	O
world	O
know	O
about	O
that	O
life	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
this	O
through	O
the	O
telling	O
of	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
message	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
trusted	O
me	O
with	O
that	O
work	O
.	O


I	O
told	O
people	O
that	O
message	O
because	O
God	O
our	O
Savior	O
commanded	O
me	O
to	O
.	O


To	O
Titus	O
,	O
a	O
true	O
son	O
to	O
me	O
in	O
the	O
faith	O
we	O
share	O
together	O
.	O


Grace	O
and	O
peace	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
our	O
Savior	O
.	O


I	O
left	O
you	O
in	O
Crete	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
could	O
finish	O
doing	O
what	O
still	O
needed	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
also	O
left	O
you	O
there	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
could	O
choose	O
men	O
to	O
be	O
elders	O
in	O
every	O
town	O
.	O


To	O
be	O
an	O
elder	O
,	O
a	O
man	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
guilty	O
of	O
living	O
in	O
a	O
wrong	O
way	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
be	O
faithful	O
to	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
children	O
must	O
be	O
faithful	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
known	O
as	O
children	O
who	O
are	O
wild	O
or	O
do	O
n't	O
obey	O
.	O


An	O
elder	O
has	O
the	O
job	O
of	O
taking	O
care	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
work	O
.	O


So	O
people	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
he	O
lives	O
in	O
a	O
wrong	O
way	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
someone	O
who	O
is	O
proud	O
and	O
selfish	O
or	O
who	O
gets	O
angry	O
quickly	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
not	O
drink	O
too	O
much	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
someone	O
who	O
likes	O
to	O
fight	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
will	O
do	O
almost	O
anything	O
for	O
money	O
.	O


An	O
elder	O
must	O
be	O
ready	O
to	O
help	O
people	O
by	O
welcoming	O
them	O
into	O
his	O
home	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
love	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
be	O
wise	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
live	O
right	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
be	O
devoted	O
to	O
God	O
and	O
pleasing	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
must	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
control	O
himself	O
.	O


An	O
elder	O
must	O
be	O
faithful	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
true	O
message	O
we	O
teach	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
encourage	O
others	O
with	O
teaching	O
that	O
is	O
true	O
and	O
right	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
show	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
against	O
this	O
teaching	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
wrong	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
important	O
,	O
because	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
people	O
who	O
refuse	O
to	O
obey	O
--	O
people	O
who	O
talk	O
about	O
worthless	O
things	O
and	O
mislead	O
others	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
talking	O
especially	O
about	O
those	O
who	O
say	O
that	O
men	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
Jews	O
must	O
be	O
circumcised	O
to	O
please	O
God	O
.	O


These	O
people	O
must	O
be	O
stopped	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
destroying	O
whole	O
families	O
by	O
teaching	O
what	O
they	O
should	O
not	O
teach	O
.	O


They	O
teach	O
only	O
to	O
cheat	O
people	O
and	O
make	O
money	O
.	O


Even	O
one	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
prophets	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Cretans	O
are	O
always	O
liars	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
evil	O
animals	O
and	O
lazy	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
nothing	O
but	O
eat	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
words	O
that	O
prophet	O
said	O
are	O
true	O
.	O


So	O
tell	O
those	O
people	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
wrong	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
be	O
strict	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
will	O
become	O
strong	O
in	O
the	O
faith	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
stop	O
paying	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
stories	O
told	O
by	O
those	O
Jews	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
stop	O
following	O
the	O
commands	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
turned	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


To	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
pure	O
,	O
everything	O
is	O
pure	O
.	O


But	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
full	O
of	O
sin	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
,	O
nothing	O
is	O
pure	O
.	O


Really	O
,	O
their	O
thinking	O
has	O
become	O
evil	O
and	O
their	O
consciences	O
have	O
been	O
ruined	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
they	O
know	O
God	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
they	O
do	O
show	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
accept	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
disgusting	O
.	O


They	O
refuse	O
to	O
obey	O
God	O
and	O
are	O
not	O
capable	O
of	O
doing	O
anything	O
good	O
.	O


You	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
must	O
tell	O
everyone	O
how	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
agrees	O
with	O
the	O
true	O
teaching	O
.	O


Teach	O
the	O
older	O
men	O
to	O
have	O
self	O
-	O
control	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
serious	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
be	O
wise	O
.	O


They	O
must	O
be	O
strong	O
in	O
faith	O
,	O
in	O
love	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
patience	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
teach	O
the	O
older	O
women	O
to	O
live	O
the	O
way	O
those	O
who	O
serve	O
the	O
Lord	O
should	O
live	O
.	O


They	O
should	O
not	O
go	O
around	O
saying	O
bad	O
things	O
about	O
others	O
or	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
habit	O
of	O
drinking	O
too	O
much	O
.	O


They	O
should	O
teach	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
.	O


By	O
doing	O
this	O
they	O
will	O
teach	O
the	O
younger	O
women	O
to	O
love	O
their	O
husbands	O
and	O
children	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
teach	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
wise	O
and	O
pure	O
,	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
their	O
homes	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
kind	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
serve	O
their	O
husbands	O
.	O


Then	O
no	O
one	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
criticize	O
the	O
teaching	O
God	O
gave	O
us	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
tell	O
the	O
young	O
men	O
to	O
be	O
wise	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
be	O
an	O
example	O
for	O
them	O
in	O
every	O
way	O
by	O
the	O
good	O
things	O
you	O
do	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
teach	O
,	O
be	O
honest	O
and	O
serious	O
.	O


And	O
your	O
teaching	O
should	O
be	O
clearly	O
right	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
criticized	O
.	O


Then	O
anyone	O
who	O
is	O
against	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
ashamed	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
anything	O
bad	O
they	O
can	O
say	O
about	O
us	O
.	O


And	O
tell	O
this	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
slaves	O
:	O
They	O
should	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
serve	O
their	O
masters	O
at	O
all	O
times	O
;	O
they	O
should	O
try	O
to	O
please	O
them	O
,	O
not	O
argue	O
with	O
them	O
;	O
they	O
should	O
not	O
steal	O
from	O
them	O
;	O
and	O
they	O
should	O
show	O
their	O
masters	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
trusted	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
in	O
everything	O
they	O
do	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
teaching	O
of	O
God	O
our	O
Savior	O
is	O
good	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
should	O
live	O
,	O
because	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
has	O
come	O
.	O


That	O
grace	O
can	O
save	O
everyone	O
.	O


It	O
teaches	O
us	O
not	O
to	O
live	O
against	O
God	O
and	O
not	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
bad	O
things	O
the	O
world	O
wants	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


It	O
teaches	O
us	O
to	O
live	O
on	O
earth	O
now	O
in	O
a	O
wise	O
and	O
right	O
way	O
--	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
shows	O
true	O
devotion	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
live	O
like	O
that	O
while	O
we	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
coming	O
of	O
our	O
great	O
God	O
and	O
Savior	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
our	O
great	O
hope	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
come	O
with	O
glory	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
himself	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


He	O
died	O
to	O
free	O
us	O
from	O
all	O
evil	O
.	O


He	O
died	O
to	O
make	O
us	O
pure	O
--	O
people	O
who	O
belong	O
only	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
who	O
always	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
good	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
should	O
tell	O
people	O
.	O


Encourage	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
they	O
are	O
wrong	O
,	O
correct	O
them	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
full	O
authority	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
so	O
do	O
n't	O
let	O
anyone	O
think	O
they	O
can	O
ignore	O
you	O
.	O


Remind	O
your	O
people	O
that	O
they	O
should	O
always	O
be	O
under	O
the	O
authority	O
of	O
rulers	O
and	O
government	O
leaders	O
.	O


They	O
should	O
obey	O
these	O
leaders	O
and	O
be	O
ready	O
to	O
do	O
good	O
.	O


Tell	O
them	O
not	O
to	O
speak	O
evil	O
of	O
anyone	O
but	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
peace	O
with	O
others	O
.	O


They	O
should	O
be	O
gentle	O
and	O
polite	O
to	O
everyone	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
we	O
were	O
foolish	O
too	O
.	O


We	O
did	O
not	O
obey	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
wrong	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
were	O
slaves	O
to	O
the	O
many	O
things	O
our	O
bodies	O
wanted	O
and	O
enjoyed	O
.	O


We	O
lived	O
doing	O
evil	O
and	O
being	O
jealous	O
.	O


People	O
hated	O
us	O
and	O
we	O
hated	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


But	O
then	O
the	O
kindness	O
and	O
love	O
of	O
God	O
our	O
Savior	O
was	O
made	O
known	O
.	O


He	O
saved	O
us	O
because	O
of	O
his	O
mercy	O
,	O
not	O
because	O
of	O
any	O
good	O
things	O
we	O
did	O
.	O


He	O
saved	O
us	O
through	O
the	O
washing	O
that	O
made	O
us	O
new	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
saved	O
us	O
by	O
making	O
us	O
new	O
through	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


God	O
poured	O
out	O
to	O
us	O
that	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
fully	O
through	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
our	O
Savior	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
by	O
his	O
grace	O
.	O


God	O
saved	O
us	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
could	O
be	O
his	O
children	O
and	O
look	O
forward	O
to	O
receiving	O
life	O
that	O
never	O
ends	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
true	O
statement	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
sure	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
understand	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


Then	O
those	O
who	O
believe	O
in	O
God	O
will	O
be	O
careful	O
to	O
use	O
their	O
lives	O
for	O
doing	O
good	O
.	O


These	O
things	O
are	O
good	O
and	O
will	O
help	O
everyone	O
.	O


Stay	O
away	O
from	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
foolish	O
arguments	O
,	O
who	O
talk	O
about	O
useless	O
family	O
histories	O
,	O
or	O
who	O
make	O
trouble	O
and	O
fight	O
about	O
what	O
the	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
teaches	O
.	O


These	O
things	O
are	O
useless	O
and	O
will	O
not	O
help	O
anyone	O
.	O


Give	O
a	O
warning	O
to	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
cause	O
arguments	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
continue	O
to	O
cause	O
trouble	O
after	O
a	O
second	O
warning	O
,	O
then	O
do	O
n't	O
associate	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
people	O
like	O
that	O
are	O
evil	O
and	O
sinful	O
.	O


Their	O
sins	O
prove	O
they	O
are	O
wrong	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
send	O
Artemas	O
and	O
Tychicus	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
send	O
them	O
,	O
try	O
hard	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
me	O
at	O
Nicopolis	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
decided	O
to	O
stay	O
there	O
this	O
winter	O
.	O


Zenas	O
the	O
lawyer	O
and	O
Apollos	O
will	O
be	O
traveling	O
from	O
there	O
.	O


Do	O
all	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
to	O
help	O
them	O
prepare	O
for	O
their	O
trip	O
.	O


Be	O
sure	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
everything	O
they	O
need	O
.	O


Our	O
people	O
must	O
learn	O
to	O
use	O
their	O
lives	O
for	O
doing	O
good	O
and	O
helping	O
anyone	O
who	O
has	O
a	O
need	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
will	O
not	O
have	O
empty	O
lives	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
with	O
me	O
here	O
send	O
you	O
their	O
greetings	O
.	O


Give	O
my	O
greetings	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
love	O
us	O
in	O
the	O
faith	O
.	O


Grace	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
all	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Paul	O
,	O
a	O
prisoner	O
for	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
Timothy	O
,	O
our	O
brother	O
.	O


To	O
Philemon	O
,	O
our	O
dear	O
friend	O
and	O
worker	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


Also	O
to	O
our	O
sister	O
Apphia	O
,	O
to	O
Archippus	O
,	O
who	O
serves	O
with	O
us	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
army	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
church	O
that	O
meets	O
in	O
your	O
home	O
.	O


Grace	O
and	O
peace	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
God	O
our	O
Father	O
and	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
remember	O
you	O
in	O
my	O
prayers	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
always	O
thank	O
my	O
God	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
thank	O
God	O
because	O
I	O
hear	O
about	O
the	O
love	O
you	O
have	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
and	O
the	O
faith	O
you	O
have	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
the	O
faith	O
you	O
share	O
will	O
make	O
you	O
understand	O
every	O
blessing	O
we	O
have	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


My	O
brother	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
shown	O
love	O
to	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
your	O
help	O
has	O
greatly	O
encouraged	O
them	O
.	O


What	O
a	O
great	O
joy	O
and	O
encouragement	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
something	O
that	O
you	O
should	O
do	O
.	O


And	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
authority	O
I	O
have	O
in	O
Christ	O
,	O
I	O
feel	O
free	O
to	O
command	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
commanding	O
you	O
;	O
I	O
am	O
asking	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
out	O
of	O
love	O
.	O


I	O
,	O
Paul	O
,	O
am	O
an	O
old	O
man	O
now	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
prisoner	O
for	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
asking	O
you	O
for	O
my	O
son	O
Onesimus	O
.	O


He	O
became	O
my	O
son	O
while	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
prison	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
he	O
was	O
useless	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
he	O
has	O
become	O
useful	O
for	O
both	O
you	O
and	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
sending	O
him	O
back	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
as	O
hard	O
as	O
losing	O
part	O
of	O
myself	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
keep	O
him	O
here	O
to	O
help	O
me	O
while	O
I	O
am	O
still	O
in	O
prison	O
for	O
telling	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
.	O


By	O
helping	O
me	O
here	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
representing	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
without	O
asking	O
you	O
first	O
.	O


Then	O
whatever	O
you	O
do	O
for	O
me	O
will	O
be	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
not	O
what	O
I	O
forced	O
you	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Onesimus	O
was	O
separated	O
from	O
you	O
for	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
.	O


Maybe	O
that	O
happened	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
could	O
have	O
him	O
back	O
forever	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
just	O
a	O
slave	O
,	O
but	O
better	O
than	O
a	O
slave	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
dear	O
brother	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
he	O
is	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
know	O
he	O
will	O
mean	O
even	O
more	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
both	O
as	O
your	O
slave	O
and	O
as	O
one	O
who	O
shares	O
your	O
faith	O
in	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
accept	O
me	O
as	O
your	O
friend	O
,	O
then	O
accept	O
Onesimus	O
back	O
.	O


Welcome	O
him	O
like	O
you	O
would	O
welcome	O
me	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
has	O
done	O
any	O
wrong	O
to	O
you	O
or	O
owes	O
you	O
anything	O
,	O
charge	O
that	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
,	O
Paul	O
,	O
am	O
writing	O
this	O
in	O
my	O
own	O
handwriting	O
:	O


I	O
will	O
pay	O
back	O
anything	O
Onesimus	O
owes	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
will	O
say	O
nothing	O
about	O
what	O
you	O
owe	O
me	O
for	O
your	O
own	O
life	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
my	O
brother	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
follower	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
please	O
do	O
this	O
favor	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
such	O
a	O
great	O
encouragement	O
to	O
me	O
as	O
your	O
brother	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
write	O
this	O
letter	O
knowing	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
do	O
what	O
I	O
ask	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
more	O
than	O
I	O
ask	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
please	O
prepare	O
a	O
room	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
that	O
God	O
will	O
answer	O
your	O
prayers	O
and	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
come	O
and	O
see	O
you	O
.	O


Epaphras	O
is	O
a	O
prisoner	O
with	O
me	O
for	O
Christ	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
sends	O
you	O
his	O
greetings	O
.	O


Also	O
Mark	O
,	O
Aristarchus	O
,	O
Demas	O
,	O
and	O
Luke	O
send	O
their	O
greetings	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
workers	O
together	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


The	O
grace	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
be	O
with	O
your	O
spirit	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
God	O
spoke	O
to	O
our	O
people	O
through	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


He	O
spoke	O
to	O
them	O
many	O
times	O
and	O
in	O
many	O
different	O
ways	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
in	O
these	O
last	O
days	O
,	O
God	O
has	O
spoken	O
to	O
us	O
again	O
through	O
his	O
Son	O
.	O


He	O
made	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
through	O
his	O
Son	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
has	O
chosen	O
his	O
Son	O
to	O
have	O
all	O
things	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
shows	O
the	O
glory	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
a	O
perfect	O
copy	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
nature	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
holds	O
everything	O
together	O
by	O
his	O
powerful	O
command	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
made	O
people	O
clean	O
from	O
their	O
sins	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
sat	O
down	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
side	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
the	O
Great	O
One	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
became	O
much	O
greater	O
than	O
the	O
angels	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
gave	O
him	O
a	O
name	O
that	O
is	O
much	O
greater	O
than	O
any	O
of	O
their	O
names	O
.	O


God	O
never	O
said	O
this	O
to	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
angels	O
:	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
my	O
Son	O
.	O


Today	O
I	O
have	O
become	O
your	O
Father	O
.	O
''	O


God	O
also	O
never	O
said	O
about	O
an	O
angel	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
his	O
Father	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
be	O
my	O
son	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
then	O
,	O
when	O
God	O
sent	O
his	O
firstborn	O
Son	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Let	O
all	O
God	O
's	O
angels	O
worship	O
the	O
Son	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
said	O
about	O
the	O
angels	O
:	O
``	O
He	O
changes	O
his	O
angels	O
into	O
winds	O
and	O
his	O
servants	O
into	O
flaming	O
fire	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
about	O
his	O
Son	O
:	O
``	O
God	O
your	O
kingdom	O
will	O
last	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
.	O


You	O
use	O
your	O
authority	O
for	O
justice	O
.	O


You	O
love	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
and	O
hate	O
what	O
is	O
wrong	O
.	O


So	O
God	O
,	O
your	O
God	O
,	O
has	O
chosen	O
you	O
,	O
giving	O
you	O
more	O
honor	O
and	O
joy	O
than	O
anyone	O
like	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


God	O
also	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
O	O
Lord	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
beginning	O
you	O
made	O
the	O
earth	O
,	O
and	O
your	O
hands	O
made	O
the	O
sky	O
.	O


These	O
things	O
will	O
disappear	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
will	O
stay	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
all	O
wear	O
out	O
like	O
old	O
clothes	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
fold	O
them	O
up	O
like	O
a	O
coat	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
changed	O
like	O
clothes	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
never	O
change	O
,	O
and	O
your	O
life	O
will	O
never	O
end	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
God	O
never	O
said	O
this	O
to	O
an	O
angel	O
:	O
``	O
Sit	O
at	O
my	O
right	O
side	O
until	O
I	O
put	O
your	O
enemies	O
under	O
your	O
power	O
.	O
''	O


All	O
the	O
angels	O
are	O
spirits	O
who	O
serve	O
God	O
and	O
are	O
sent	O
to	O
help	O
those	O
who	O
will	O
receive	O
salvation	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
must	O
be	O
more	O
careful	O
to	O
follow	O
what	O
we	O
were	O
taught	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
be	O
careful	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
pulled	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
true	O
way	O
.	O


The	O
teaching	O
that	O
God	O
spoke	O
through	O
angels	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
true	O
.	O


And	O
every	O
time	O
his	O
people	O
did	O
something	O
against	O
that	O
teaching	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
punished	O
for	O
what	O
they	O
did	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
punished	O
when	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
obey	O
that	O
teaching	O
.	O


So	O
surely	O
we	O
also	O
will	O
be	O
punished	O
if	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
salvation	O
we	O
have	O
that	O
is	O
so	O
great	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
who	O
first	O
told	O
people	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
those	O
who	O
heard	O
him	O
proved	O
to	O
us	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


God	O
also	O
proved	O
it	O
by	O
using	O
miraculous	O
signs	O
,	O
wonders	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
miracles	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
proved	O
it	O
by	O
giving	O
people	O
various	O
gifts	O
through	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
in	O
just	O
the	O
way	O
he	O
wanted	O
.	O


God	O
did	O
not	O
choose	O
angels	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
rulers	O
over	O
the	O
new	O
world	O
that	O
was	O
coming	O
.	O


That	O
future	O
world	O
is	O
the	O
world	O
we	O
have	O
been	O
talking	O
about	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
written	O
some	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
people	O
so	O
important	O
to	O
you	O
?	O


Why	O
do	O
you	O
even	O
think	O
about	O
them	O
?	O


Why	O
do	O
you	O
care	O
about	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
man	O
?	O


Is	O
he	O
so	O
important	O
?	O


For	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
you	O
made	O
him	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
angels	O
.	O


You	O
crowned	O
him	O
with	O
glory	O
and	O
honor	O
.	O


You	O
put	O
everything	O
under	O
his	O
control	O
.	O
''	O


If	O
God	O
put	O
everything	O
under	O
his	O
control	O
,	O
then	O
there	O
was	O
nothing	O
left	O
that	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
rule	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
yet	O
see	O
him	O
ruling	O
over	O
everything	O
.	O


For	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
Jesus	O
was	O
made	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
angels	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
we	O
see	O
him	O
wearing	O
a	O
crown	O
of	O
glory	O
and	O
honor	O
because	O
he	O
suffered	O
and	O
died	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
,	O
Jesus	O
died	O
for	O
everyone	O
.	O


God	O
--	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
made	O
all	O
things	O
and	O
for	O
whose	O
glory	O
all	O
things	O
exist	O
--	O
wanted	O
many	O
people	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
children	O
and	O
share	O
his	O
glory	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
did	O
what	O
he	O
needed	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


He	O
made	O
perfect	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
leads	O
those	O
people	O
to	O
salvation	O
.	O


He	O
made	O
Jesus	O
a	O
perfect	O
Savior	O
through	O
his	O
suffering	O
.	O


Jesus	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
makes	O
people	O
holy	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
made	O
holy	O
are	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
family	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
ashamed	O
to	O
call	O
them	O
his	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
tell	O
my	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
about	O
you	O
.	O


Before	O
all	O
your	O
people	O
I	O
will	O
sing	O
your	O
praises	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
also	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
trust	O
in	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
here	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
me	O
are	O
the	O
children	O
God	O
has	O
given	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


These	O
children	O
are	O
people	O
with	O
physical	O
bodies	O
.	O


So	O
Jesus	O
himself	O
became	O
like	O
them	O
and	O
had	O
the	O
same	O
experiences	O
they	O
have	O
.	O


Jesus	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
,	O
by	O
dying	O
,	O
he	O
could	O
destroy	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
death	O
--	O
the	O
devil	O
.	O


Jesus	O
became	O
like	O
these	O
people	O
and	O
died	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
free	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
like	O
slaves	O
all	O
their	O
lives	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
fear	O
of	O
death	O
.	O


Clearly	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
angels	O
that	O
Jesus	O
helps	O
.	O


He	O
helps	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
from	O
Abraham	O
.	O


For	O
this	O
reason	O
,	O
Jesus	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
like	O
us	O
,	O
his	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
in	O
every	O
way	O
.	O


He	O
became	O
like	O
people	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
be	O
their	O
merciful	O
and	O
faithful	O
high	O
priest	O
in	O
service	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
could	O
bring	O
forgiveness	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
's	O
sins	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
he	O
can	O
help	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
tempted	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
help	O
because	O
he	O
himself	O
suffered	O
and	O
was	O
tempted	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
my	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
those	O
chosen	O
by	O
God	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
holy	O
people	O
,	O
think	O
about	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
we	O
believe	O
God	O
sent	O
to	O
save	O
us	O
and	O
to	O
be	O
our	O
high	O
priest	O
.	O


God	O
made	O
him	O
our	O
high	O
priest	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
faithful	O
to	O
God	O
just	O
as	O
Moses	O
was	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
everything	O
God	O
wanted	O
him	O
to	O
do	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
house	O
.	O


When	O
someone	O
builds	O
a	O
house	O
,	O
people	O
will	O
honor	O
the	O
builder	O
more	O
than	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
should	O
have	O
more	O
honor	O
than	O
Moses	O
.	O


Every	O
house	O
is	O
built	O
by	O
someone	O
,	O
but	O
God	O
built	O
everything	O
.	O


Moses	O
was	O
faithful	O
as	O
a	O
servant	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
whole	O
house	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
people	O
what	O
God	O
would	O
say	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


But	O
Christ	O
is	O
faithful	O
in	O
ruling	O
God	O
's	O
house	O
as	O
the	O
Son	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
house	O
,	O
if	O
we	O
remain	O
confident	O
of	O
the	O
great	O
hope	O
we	O
are	O
glad	O
to	O
say	O
we	O
have	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
is	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
says	O
:	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
hear	O
God	O
's	O
voice	O
today	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
stubborn	O
as	O
you	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
turned	O
against	O
God	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
the	O
day	O
you	O
tested	O
God	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
.	O


For	O
40	O
years	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
your	O
people	O
saw	O
what	O
I	O
did	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
tested	O
me	O
and	O
my	O
patience	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
was	O
angry	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Their	O
thoughts	O
are	O
always	O
wrong	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
never	O
understood	O
my	O
ways	O
.	O
'	O


So	O
I	O
was	O
angry	O
and	O
made	O
a	O
promise	O
:	O
'	O
They	O
will	O
never	O
enter	O
my	O
place	O
of	O
rest	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


So	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
be	O
careful	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
you	O
has	O
the	O
evil	O
thoughts	O
that	O
cause	O
so	O
much	O
doubt	O
that	O
you	O
stop	O
following	O
the	O
living	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
encourage	O
each	O
other	O
every	O
day	O
,	O
while	O
you	O
still	O
have	O
something	O
called	O
``	O
today	O
.	O
''	O


Help	O
each	O
other	O
so	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
fooled	O
by	O
sin	O
and	O
become	O
too	O
hard	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
the	O
honor	O
of	O
sharing	O
in	O
all	O
that	O
Christ	O
has	O
if	O
we	O
continue	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
sure	O
faith	O
we	O
had	O
in	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
the	O
Spirit	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
hear	O
God	O
's	O
voice	O
today	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
stubborn	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
when	O
you	O
turned	O
against	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


Who	O
were	O
those	O
who	O
heard	O
God	O
's	O
voice	O
and	O
turned	O
against	O
him	O
?	O


It	O
was	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
Moses	O
led	O
out	O
of	O
Egypt	O
.	O


And	O
who	O
was	O
God	O
angry	O
with	O
for	O
40	O
years	O
?	O


He	O
was	O
angry	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
sinned	O
.	O


And	O
their	O
dead	O
bodies	O
were	O
left	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
.	O


And	O
which	O
people	O
was	O
God	O
talking	O
to	O
when	O
he	O
promised	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
never	O
enter	O
his	O
place	O
of	O
rest	O
?	O


He	O
was	O
talking	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
obey	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
see	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
allowed	O
to	O
enter	O
and	O
have	O
God	O
's	O
rest	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
still	O
have	O
the	O
promise	O
that	O
God	O
gave	O
those	O
people	O
.	O


That	O
promise	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
enter	O
his	O
place	O
of	O
rest	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
should	O
be	O
very	O
careful	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
you	O
fails	O
to	O
get	O
that	O
promise	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
the	O
good	O
news	O
about	O
it	O
was	O
told	O
to	O
us	O
just	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
message	O
they	O
heard	O
did	O
not	O
help	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
heard	O
it	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
accept	O
it	O
with	O
faith	O
.	O


Only	O
we	O
who	O
believe	O
it	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
enter	O
God	O
's	O
place	O
of	O
rest	O
.	O


As	O
God	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
was	O
angry	O
and	O
made	O
a	O
promise	O
:	O
'	O
They	O
will	O
never	O
enter	O
my	O
place	O
of	O
rest	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


But	O
God	O
's	O
work	O
was	O
finished	O
from	O
the	O
time	O
he	O
made	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
somewhere	O
in	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
he	O
talked	O
about	O
the	O
seventh	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
week	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
So	O
on	O
the	O
seventh	O
day	O
God	O
rested	O
from	O
all	O
his	O
work	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
Scripture	O
above	O
God	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
They	O
will	O
never	O
enter	O
my	O
place	O
of	O
rest	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
opportunity	O
is	O
still	O
there	O
for	O
some	O
to	O
enter	O
and	O
enjoy	O
God	O
's	O
rest	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
first	O
heard	O
the	O
good	O
news	O
about	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
enter	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
obey	O
.	O


So	O
God	O
planned	O
another	O
special	O
day	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
called	O
``	O
today	O
.	O
''	O


He	O
spoke	O
about	O
that	O
day	O
through	O
David	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
later	O
using	O
the	O
words	O
we	O
quoted	O
before	O
:	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
hear	O
God	O
's	O
voice	O
today	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
stubborn	O
.	O
''	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
Joshua	O
did	O
not	O
lead	O
the	O
people	O
into	O
the	O
place	O
of	O
rest	O
that	O
God	O
promised	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
this	O
because	O
God	O
spoke	O
later	O
about	O
another	O
day	O
for	O
rest	O
.	O


This	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
seventh	O
-	O
day	O
rest	O
for	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
is	O
still	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


God	O
rested	O
after	O
he	O
finished	O
his	O
work	O
.	O


So	O
everyone	O
who	O
enters	O
God	O
's	O
place	O
of	O
rest	O
will	O
also	O
have	O
rest	O
from	O
their	O
own	O
work	O
just	O
as	O
God	O
did	O
.	O


So	O
let	O
us	O
try	O
as	O
hard	O
as	O
we	O
can	O
to	O
enter	O
God	O
's	O
place	O
of	O
rest	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
try	O
hard	O
so	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
us	O
will	O
be	O
lost	O
by	O
following	O
the	O
example	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
refused	O
to	O
obey	O
God	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
word	O
is	O
alive	O
and	O
working	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
sharper	O
than	O
the	O
sharpest	O
sword	O
and	O
cuts	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
into	O
us	O
.	O


It	O
cuts	O
deep	O
to	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
the	O
soul	O
and	O
the	O
spirit	O
are	O
joined	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
word	O
cuts	O
to	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
our	O
joints	O
and	O
our	O
bones	O
.	O


It	O
judges	O
the	O
thoughts	O
and	O
feelings	O
in	O
our	O
hearts	O
.	O


Nothing	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
world	O
can	O
be	O
hidden	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
can	O
clearly	O
see	O
all	O
things	O
.	O


Everything	O
is	O
open	O
before	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
to	O
him	O
we	O
must	O
explain	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
have	O
lived	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
a	O
great	O
high	O
priest	O
who	O
has	O
gone	O
to	O
live	O
with	O
God	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
Jesus	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
let	O
us	O
continue	O
to	O
express	O
our	O
faith	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
,	O
our	O
high	O
priest	O
,	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
understand	O
our	O
weaknesses	O
.	O


When	O
Jesus	O
lived	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
tempted	O
in	O
every	O
way	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
tempted	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
ways	O
we	O
are	O
tempted	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
never	O
sinned	O
.	O


With	O
Jesus	O
as	O
our	O
high	O
priest	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
feel	O
free	O
to	O
come	O
before	O
God	O
's	O
throne	O
where	O
there	O
is	O
grace	O
.	O


There	O
we	O
receive	O
mercy	O
and	O
kindness	O
to	O
help	O
us	O
when	O
we	O
need	O
it	O
.	O


Every	O
Jewish	O
high	O
priest	O
is	O
chosen	O
from	O
among	O
men	O
.	O


That	O
priest	O
is	O
given	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
helping	O
people	O
with	O
the	O
things	O
they	O
must	O
do	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
offer	O
to	O
God	O
gifts	O
and	O
sacrifices	O
for	O
sins	O
.	O


The	O
high	O
priest	O
has	O
his	O
own	O
weaknesses	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
be	O
gentle	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
wrong	O
out	O
of	O
ignorance	O
.	O


He	O
offers	O
sacrifices	O
for	O
their	O
sins	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
must	O
also	O
offer	O
sacrifices	O
for	O
his	O
own	O
sins	O
.	O


To	O
be	O
a	O
high	O
priest	O
is	O
an	O
honor	O
.	O


But	O
no	O
one	O
chooses	O
himself	O
for	O
this	O
work	O
.	O


That	O
person	O
must	O
be	O
chosen	O
by	O
God	O
just	O
as	O
Aaron	O
was	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
Christ	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
choose	O
himself	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
honor	O
of	O
becoming	O
a	O
high	O
priest	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
chose	O
him	O
.	O


God	O
said	O
to	O
Christ	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
my	O
Son	O
.	O


Today	O
I	O
have	O
become	O
your	O
Father	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
in	O
another	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
God	O
says	O
,	O
``	O


You	O
are	O
a	O
priest	O
forever	O
--	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
priest	O
Melchizedek	O
was	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
Christ	O
lived	O
on	O
earth	O
he	O
prayed	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
asking	O
for	O
help	O
from	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
could	O
save	O
him	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


He	O
prayed	O
to	O
God	O
with	O
loud	O
cries	O
and	O
tears	O
.	O


And	O
his	O
prayers	O
were	O
answered	O
because	O
of	O
his	O
great	O
respect	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


Jesus	O
was	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
still	O
suffered	O
,	O
and	O
through	O
his	O
sufferings	O
he	O
learned	O
to	O
obey	O
whatever	O
God	O
says	O
.	O


This	O
made	O
him	O
the	O
perfect	O
high	O
priest	O
,	O
who	O
provides	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
everyone	O
who	O
obeys	O
him	O
to	O
be	O
saved	O
forever	O
.	O


God	O
made	O
him	O
high	O
priest	O
,	O
just	O
like	O
Melchizedek	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
many	O
things	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
hard	O
to	O
explain	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
stopped	O
trying	O
to	O
understand	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
had	O
enough	O
time	O
that	O
by	O
now	O
you	O
should	O
be	O
teachers	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
need	O
someone	O
to	O
teach	O
you	O
again	O
the	O
first	O
lessons	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
teaching	O
.	O


You	O
still	O
need	O
the	O
teaching	O
that	O
is	O
like	O
milk	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
not	O
ready	O
for	O
solid	O
food	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
lives	O
on	O
milk	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
baby	O
and	O
is	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
understand	O
much	O
about	O
living	O
right	O
.	O


But	O
solid	O
food	O
is	O
for	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
grown	O
up	O
.	O
>	O


From	O
their	O
experience	O
they	O
have	O
learned	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
good	O
and	O
evil	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
should	O
be	O
finished	O
with	O
the	O
beginning	O
lessons	O
about	O
Christ	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
keep	O
going	O
back	O
to	O
where	O
we	O
started	O
.	O


We	O
began	O
our	O
new	O
life	O
by	O
turning	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
evil	O
we	O
did	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
and	O
by	O
believing	O
in	O
God	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
taught	O
about	O
baptisms	O
,	O
laying	O
hands	O
on	O
people	O
,	O
the	O
resurrection	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
died	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
final	O
judgment	O
.	O


Now	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
go	O
forward	O
to	O
more	O
mature	O
teaching	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
we	O
will	O
do	O
if	O
God	O
allows	O
.	O


After	O
people	O
have	O
left	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
Christ	O
,	O
can	O
you	O
make	O
them	O
change	O
their	O
lives	O
again	O
?	O


I	O
am	O
talking	O
about	O
people	O
who	O
once	O
learned	O
the	O
truth	O
,	O
received	O
God	O
's	O
gift	O
,	O
and	O
shared	O
in	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
blessed	O
to	O
hear	O
God	O
's	O
good	O
message	O
and	O
see	O
the	O
great	O
power	O
of	O
his	O
new	O
world	O
.	O


But	O
then	O
they	O
left	O
it	O
all	O
behind	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
possible	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
change	O
again	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
because	O
those	O
who	O
leave	O
Christ	O
are	O
nailing	O
him	O
to	O
the	O
cross	O
again	O
,	O
shaming	O
him	O
before	O
everyone	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
are	O
like	O
land	O
that	O
gets	O
plenty	O
of	O
rain	O
and	O
produces	O
a	O
good	O
crop	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
farm	O
it	O
.	O


That	O
kind	O
of	O
land	O
has	O
God	O
's	O
blessing	O
.	O


But	O
other	O
people	O
are	O
like	O
land	O
that	O
grows	O
only	O
thorns	O
and	O
weeds	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
worthless	O
and	O
in	O
danger	O
of	O
being	O
cursed	O
by	O
God	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
by	O
fire	O
.	O


Dear	O
friends	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
saying	O
this	O
because	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
happening	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
really	O
expect	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
do	O
better	O
--	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
do	O
the	O
good	O
things	O
that	O
will	O
result	O
in	O
your	O
salvation	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
fair	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
remember	O
all	O
the	O
work	O
you	O
have	O
done	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
remember	O
that	O
you	O
showed	O
your	O
love	O
to	O
him	O
by	O
helping	O
his	O
people	O
and	O
that	O
you	O
continue	O
to	O
help	O
them	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
each	O
of	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
willing	O
and	O
eager	O
to	O
show	O
your	O
love	O
like	O
that	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
your	O
life	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
sure	O
to	O
get	O
what	O
you	O
hope	O
for	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
lazy	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
those	O
who	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
faith	O
and	O
patience	O
,	O
will	O
get	O
what	O
God	O
has	O
promised	O
.	O


God	O
made	O
a	O
promise	O
to	O
Abraham	O
.	O


And	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
one	O
greater	O
than	O
God	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
made	O
the	O
promise	O
with	O
an	O
oath	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
name	O
--	O
an	O
oath	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
do	O
what	O
he	O
promised	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
surely	O
bless	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
many	O
descendants	O
.	O
''	O


Abraham	O
waited	O
patiently	O
for	O
this	O
to	O
happen	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
he	O
received	O
what	O
God	O
promised	O
.	O


People	O
always	O
use	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
someone	O
greater	O
than	O
themselves	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
promise	O
with	O
an	O
oath	O
.	O


The	O
oath	O
proves	O
that	O
what	O
they	O
say	O
is	O
true	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
more	O
arguing	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


God	O
wanted	O
to	O
prove	O
that	O
his	O
promise	O
was	O
true	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
to	O
prove	O
this	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
would	O
get	O
what	O
he	O
promised	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
them	O
to	O
understand	O
clearly	O
that	O
his	O
purposes	O
never	O
change	O
.	O


So	O
God	O
said	O
something	O
would	O
happen	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
proved	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
by	O
adding	O
an	O
oath	O
.	O


These	O
two	O
things	O
can	O
not	O
change	O
:	O
God	O
can	O
not	O
lie	O
when	O
he	O
says	O
something	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
can	O
not	O
lie	O
when	O
he	O
makes	O
an	O
oath	O
.	O


So	O
these	O
two	O
things	O
are	O
a	O
great	O
help	O
to	O
us	O
who	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
God	O
for	O
safety	O
.	O


They	O
encourage	O
us	O
to	O
hold	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
hope	O
that	O
is	O
ours	O
.	O


This	O
hope	O
is	O
like	O
an	O
anchor	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
strong	O
and	O
sure	O
and	O
keeps	O
us	O
safe	O
.	O


It	O
goes	O
behind	O
the	O
curtain	O
.	O


Jesus	O
has	O
already	O
entered	O
there	O
and	O
opened	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
high	O
priest	O
forever	O
,	O
just	O
like	O
Melchizedek	O
.	O


Melchizedek	O
was	O
the	O
king	O
of	O
Salem	O
and	O
a	O
priest	O
for	O
God	O
the	O
Most	O
High	O
.	O


He	O
met	O
Abraham	O
when	O
Abraham	O
was	O
coming	O
back	O
after	O
defeating	O
the	O
kings	O
.	O


That	O
day	O
Melchizedek	O
blessed	O
him	O
.	O


Then	O
Abraham	O
gave	O
him	O
a	O
tenth	O
of	O
everything	O
he	O
had	O
.	O


The	O
name	O
Melchizedek	O
,	O
king	O
of	O
Salem	O
,	O
has	O
two	O
meanings	O
.	O


First	O
,	O
Melchizedek	O
means	O
``	O
king	O
of	O
justice	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
``	O
king	O
of	O
Salem	O
''	O
means	O
``	O
king	O
of	O
peace	O
.	O
''	O


No	O
one	O
knows	O
who	O
his	O
father	O
or	O
mother	O
was	O
or	O
where	O
he	O
came	O
from	O
.	O


And	O
no	O
one	O
knows	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
born	O
or	O
when	O
he	O
died	O
.	O


Melchizedek	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
in	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
always	O
be	O
a	O
priest	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
see	O
that	O
Melchizedek	O
was	O
very	O
great	O
.	O


Abraham	O
,	O
our	O
great	O
ancestor	O
,	O
gave	O
him	O
a	O
tenth	O
of	O
everything	O
he	O
won	O
in	O
battle	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
law	O
says	O
that	O
those	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Levi	O
who	O
become	O
priests	O
must	O
get	O
a	O
tenth	O
from	O
their	O
own	O
people	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
they	O
and	O
their	O
people	O
are	O
both	O
from	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Abraham	O
.	O


Melchizedek	O
was	O
not	O
even	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Levi	O
,	O
but	O
Abraham	O
gave	O
him	O
a	O
tenth	O
of	O
what	O
he	O
had	O
.	O


And	O
Melchizedek	O
blessed	O
Abraham	O
--	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
had	O
God	O
's	O
promises	O
.	O


And	O
everyone	O
knows	O
that	O
the	O
more	O
important	O
person	O
always	O
blesses	O
the	O
less	O
important	O
person	O
.	O


Those	O
priests	O
get	O
a	O
tenth	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
only	O
men	O
who	O
live	O
and	O
then	O
die	O
.	O


But	O
Melchizedek	O
,	O
who	O
got	O
a	O
tenth	O
from	O
Abraham	O
,	O
continues	O
to	O
live	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
.	O


Now	O
those	O
from	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
Levi	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
get	O
a	O
tenth	O
from	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
can	O
say	O
that	O
when	O
Abraham	O
paid	O
Melchizedek	O
a	O
tenth	O
,	O
then	O
Levi	O
also	O
paid	O
it	O
.	O


Levi	O
was	O
not	O
yet	O
born	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
already	O
existed	O
in	O
his	O
ancestor	O
Abraham	O
when	O
Melchizedek	O
met	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
were	O
given	O
the	O
law	O
under	O
the	O
system	O
of	O
priests	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Levi	O
.	O


But	O
no	O
one	O
could	O
be	O
made	O
spiritually	O
perfect	O
through	O
that	O
system	O
of	O
priests	O
.	O


So	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
another	O
priest	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
a	O
priest	O
like	O
Melchizedek	O
,	O
not	O
Aaron	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
a	O
different	O
kind	O
of	O
priest	O
comes	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
law	O
must	O
be	O
changed	O
too	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
talking	O
about	O
our	O
Lord	O
Christ	O
,	O
who	O
belonged	O
to	O
a	O
different	O
tribe	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
from	O
that	O
tribe	O
ever	O
served	O
as	O
a	O
priest	O
at	O
the	O
altar	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
clear	O
that	O
Christ	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Judah	O
.	O


And	O
Moses	O
said	O
nothing	O
about	O
priests	O
belonging	O
to	O
that	O
tribe	O
.	O


And	O
these	O
things	O
become	O
even	O
clearer	O
when	O
we	O
see	O
that	O
another	O
priest	O
has	O
come	O
who	O
is	O
like	O
Melchizedek	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
made	O
a	O
priest	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
because	O
he	O
met	O
the	O
requirement	O
of	O
being	O
born	O
into	O
the	O
right	O
family	O
.	O


He	O
became	O
a	O
priest	O
by	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
a	O
life	O
that	O
will	O
never	O
end	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
about	O
him	O
:	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
a	O
priest	O
forever	O
--	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
priest	O
Melchizedek	O
was	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
old	O
rule	O
is	O
now	O
ended	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
weak	O
and	O
worthless	O
.	O


The	O
Law	O
of	O
Moses	O
could	O
not	O
make	O
anything	O
perfect	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
a	O
better	O
hope	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


And	O
with	O
that	O
hope	O
we	O
can	O
come	O
near	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
that	O
God	O
made	O
a	O
promise	O
with	O
an	O
oath	O
when	O
he	O
made	O
Jesus	O
high	O
priest	O
.	O


When	O
those	O
other	O
men	O
became	O
priests	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
oath	O
.	O


But	O
Christ	O
became	O
a	O
priest	O
with	O
God	O
's	O
oath	O
.	O


God	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Lord	O
has	O
made	O
a	O
promise	O
with	O
an	O
oath	O
and	O
will	O
not	O
change	O
his	O
mind	O
:	O
'	O
You	O
are	O
a	O
priest	O
forever	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


So	O
this	O
means	O
that	O
Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
guarantee	O
of	O
a	O
better	O
agreement	O
from	O
God	O
to	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
when	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
other	O
priests	O
died	O
,	O
he	O
could	O
not	O
continue	O
being	O
a	O
priest	O
.	O


So	O
there	O
were	O
many	O
of	O
those	O
priests	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
lives	O
forever	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
never	O
stop	O
serving	O
as	O
a	O
priest	O
.	O


So	O
Christ	O
can	O
save	O
those	O
who	O
come	O
to	O
God	O
through	O
him	O
.	O


Christ	O
can	O
do	O
this	O
forever	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
always	O
lives	O
and	O
is	O
ready	O
to	O
help	O
people	O
when	O
they	O
come	O
before	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
high	O
priest	O
we	O
need	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
holy	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
no	O
sin	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
pure	O
and	O
not	O
influenced	O
by	O
sinners	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
is	O
raised	O
above	O
the	O
heavens	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
not	O
like	O
those	O
other	O
priests	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
to	O
offer	O
sacrifices	O
every	O
day	O
,	O
first	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
sins	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
for	O
the	O
sins	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
Jesus	O
does	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


He	O
offered	O
only	O
one	O
sacrifice	O
for	O
all	O
time	O
.	O


He	O
offered	O
himself	O
.	O


The	O
law	O
chooses	O
high	O
priests	O
who	O
are	O
men	O
and	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
weaknesses	O
that	O
all	O
people	O
have	O
.	O


But	O
after	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
God	O
spoke	O
the	O
oath	O
that	O
made	O
his	O
Son	O
high	O
priest	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
Son	O
,	O
made	O
perfect	O
through	O
suffering	O
,	O
will	O
serve	O
forever	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
what	O
we	O
are	O
saying	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
a	O
high	O
priest	O
like	O
that	O
,	O
who	O
sits	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
side	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
throne	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


Our	O
high	O
priest	O
serves	O
in	O
the	O
Most	O
Holy	O
Place	O
.	O


He	O
serves	O
in	O
the	O
true	O
place	O
of	O
worship	O
that	O
was	O
made	O
by	O
God	O
,	O
not	O
by	O
anyone	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


Every	O
high	O
priest	O
has	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
offering	O
gifts	O
and	O
sacrifices	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
our	O
high	O
priest	O
must	O
also	O
offer	O
something	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


If	O
our	O
high	O
priest	O
were	O
now	O
living	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
a	O
priest	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
there	O
are	O
already	O
priests	O
here	O
who	O
follow	O
the	O
law	O
by	O
offering	O
gifts	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
work	O
that	O
these	O
priests	O
do	O
is	O
really	O
only	O
a	O
copy	O
and	O
a	O
shadow	O
of	O
what	O
is	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
why	O
God	O
warned	O
Moses	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
ready	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
Holy	O
Tent	O
:	O
``	O
Be	O
sure	O
to	O
make	O
everything	O
exactly	O
like	O
the	O
pattern	O
I	O
showed	O
you	O
on	O
the	O
mountain	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
work	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
to	O
Jesus	O
is	O
much	O
greater	O
than	O
the	O
work	O
that	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
those	O
priests	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
agreement	O
that	O
Jesus	O
brought	O
from	O
God	O
to	O
his	O
people	O
is	O
much	O
greater	O
than	O
the	O
old	O
one	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
new	O
agreement	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
better	O
promises	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
was	O
nothing	O
wrong	O
with	O
the	O
first	O
agreement	O
,	O
then	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
no	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
second	O
agreement	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
found	O
something	O
wrong	O
with	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
time	O
is	O
coming	O
,	O
says	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
when	O
I	O
will	O
give	O
a	O
new	O
agreement	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Judah	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
like	O
the	O
agreement	O
that	O
I	O
gave	O
to	O
their	O
fathers	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
the	O
agreement	O
I	O
gave	O
when	O
I	O
took	O
them	O
by	O
the	O
hand	O
and	O
led	O
them	O
out	O
of	O
Egypt	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
continue	O
following	O
the	O
agreement	O
I	O
gave	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
turned	O
away	O
from	O
them	O
,	O
says	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
new	O
agreement	O
I	O
will	O
give	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
give	O
this	O
agreement	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
says	O
the	O
Lord	O
:	O
I	O
will	O
put	O
my	O
laws	O
in	O
their	O
minds	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
write	O
my	O
laws	O
on	O
their	O
hearts	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
be	O
their	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
my	O
people	O
.	O


Never	O
again	O
will	O
anyone	O
have	O
to	O
teach	O
their	O
neighbors	O
or	O
their	O
family	O
to	O
know	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


All	O
people	O
--	O
the	O
greatest	O
and	O
the	O
least	O
important	O
--	O
will	O
know	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
will	O
forgive	O
the	O
wrongs	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
remember	O
their	O
sins	O
.	O
''	O


God	O
called	O
this	O
a	O
new	O
agreement	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
has	O
made	O
the	O
first	O
agreement	O
old	O
.	O


And	O
anything	O
that	O
is	O
old	O
and	O
useless	O
is	O
ready	O
to	O
disappear	O
.	O


Faith	O
is	O
what	O
makes	O
real	O
the	O
things	O
we	O
hope	O
for	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
proof	O
of	O
what	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
see	O
.	O


God	O
was	O
pleased	O
with	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
lived	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
ago	O
because	O
they	O
had	O
faith	O
like	O
this	O
.	O


Faith	O
helps	O
us	O
understand	O
that	O
God	O
created	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
by	O
his	O
command	O
.	O


This	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
things	O
we	O
see	O
were	O
made	O
by	O
something	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
seen	O
.	O


Cain	O
and	O
Abel	O
both	O
offered	O
sacrifices	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
Abel	O
offered	O
a	O
better	O
sacrifice	O
to	O
God	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
faith	O
.	O


God	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
pleased	O
with	O
what	O
Abel	O
offered	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
God	O
called	O
him	O
a	O
good	O
man	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
faith	O
.	O


Abel	O
died	O
,	O
but	O
through	O
his	O
faith	O
he	O
is	O
still	O
speaking	O
.	O


Enoch	O
was	O
carried	O
away	O
from	O
this	O
earth	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
never	O
died	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
tell	O
us	O
that	O
before	O
he	O
was	O
carried	O
off	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
pleased	O
God	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
knew	O
where	O
he	O
was	O
,	O
because	O
God	O
had	O
taken	O
Enoch	O
to	O
be	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


This	O
all	O
happened	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
faith	O
.	O


Without	O
faith	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
please	O
God	O
.	O


Whoever	O
comes	O
to	O
God	O
must	O
believe	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
real	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
rewards	O
those	O
who	O
sincerely	O
try	O
to	O
find	O
him	O
.	O


Noah	O
was	O
warned	O
by	O
God	O
about	O
things	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
not	O
yet	O
see	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
had	O
faith	O
and	O
respect	O
for	O
God	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
built	O
a	O
large	O
boat	O
to	O
save	O
his	O
family	O
.	O


With	O
his	O
faith	O
,	O
Noah	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
world	O
was	O
wrong	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
became	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
through	O
faith	O
.	O


God	O
called	O
Abraham	O
to	O
travel	O
to	O
another	O
place	O
that	O
he	O
promised	O
to	O
give	O
him	O
.	O


Abraham	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
where	O
that	O
other	O
place	O
was	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
obeyed	O
God	O
and	O
started	O
traveling	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
faith	O
.	O


Abraham	O
lived	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
that	O
God	O
promised	O
to	O
give	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
lived	O
there	O
like	O
a	O
visitor	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
belong	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
this	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
faith	O
.	O


He	O
lived	O
in	O
tents	O
with	O
Isaac	O
and	O
Jacob	O
,	O
who	O
also	O
received	O
the	O
same	O
promise	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


Abraham	O
was	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
city	O
that	O
has	O
real	O
foundations	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
city	O
that	O
is	O
planned	O
and	O
built	O
by	O
God	O
.	O


Sarah	O
was	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
have	O
children	O
,	O
and	O
Abraham	O
was	O
too	O
old	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
had	O
faith	O
in	O
God	O
,	O
trusting	O
him	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
he	O
promised	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
God	O
made	O
them	O
able	O
to	O
have	O
children	O
.	O


Abraham	O
was	O
so	O
old	O
he	O
was	O
almost	O
dead	O
.	O


But	O
from	O
that	O
one	O
man	O
came	O
as	O
many	O
descendants	O
as	O
there	O
are	O
stars	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
.	O


So	O
many	O
people	O
came	O
from	O
him	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
like	O
grains	O
of	O
sand	O
on	O
the	O
seashore	O
.	O


All	O
these	O
great	O
people	O
continued	O
living	O
with	O
faith	O
until	O
they	O
died	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
get	O
the	O
things	O
God	O
promised	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
were	O
happy	O
just	O
to	O
see	O
those	O
promises	O
coming	O
far	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


They	O
accepted	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
like	O
visitors	O
and	O
strangers	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


When	O
people	O
accept	O
something	O
like	O
that	O
,	O
they	O
show	O
they	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
their	O
own	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
were	O
thinking	O
about	O
the	O
country	O
they	O
had	O
left	O
,	O
they	O
could	O
have	O
gone	O
back	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
were	O
waiting	O
for	O
a	O
better	O
country	O
--	O
a	O
heavenly	O
country	O
.	O


So	O
God	O
is	O
not	O
ashamed	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
their	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
has	O
prepared	O
a	O
city	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


God	O
tested	O
Abraham	O
's	O
faith	O
.	O


God	O
told	O
him	O
to	O
offer	O
Isaac	O
as	O
a	O
sacrifice	O
.	O


Abraham	O
obeyed	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
faith	O
.	O


He	O
already	O
had	O
the	O
promises	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
had	O
already	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
through	O
Isaac	O
that	O
your	O
descendants	O
will	O
come	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
Abraham	O
was	O
ready	O
to	O
offer	O
his	O
only	O
son	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
this	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
faith	O
.	O


He	O
believed	O
that	O
God	O
could	O
raise	O
people	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


And	O
really	O
,	O
when	O
God	O
stopped	O
Abraham	O
from	O
killing	O
Isaac	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
as	O
if	O
he	O
got	O
him	O
back	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


Isaac	O
blessed	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
Jacob	O
and	O
Esau	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
that	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
faith	O
.	O


And	O
Jacob	O
,	O
also	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
faith	O
,	O
blessed	O
each	O
one	O
of	O
Joseph	O
's	O
sons	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
this	O
while	O
he	O
was	O
dying	O
,	O
leaning	O
on	O
his	O
rod	O
and	O
worshiping	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
Joseph	O
was	O
almost	O
dead	O
,	O
he	O
spoke	O
about	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
leaving	O
Egypt	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
told	O
them	O
what	O
they	O
should	O
do	O
with	O
his	O
body	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
this	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
faith	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
mother	O
and	O
father	O
of	O
Moses	O
hid	O
him	O
for	O
three	O
months	O
after	O
he	O
was	O
born	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
this	O
because	O
they	O
had	O
faith	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
that	O
Moses	O
was	O
a	O
beautiful	O
baby	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
afraid	O
to	O
disobey	O
the	O
king	O
's	O
order	O
.	O


Moses	O
grew	O
up	O
and	O
became	O
a	O
man	O
.	O


He	O
refused	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Pharaoh	O
's	O
daughter	O
.	O


He	O
chose	O
not	O
to	O
enjoy	O
the	O
pleasures	O
of	O
sin	O
that	O
last	O
such	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
he	O
chose	O
to	O
suffer	O
with	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
this	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
faith	O
.	O


He	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
better	O
to	O
suffer	O
for	O
the	O
Christ	O
than	O
to	O
have	O
all	O
the	O
treasures	O
of	O
Egypt	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
reward	O
that	O
God	O
would	O
give	O
him	O
.	O


Moses	O
left	O
Egypt	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
faith	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
not	O
afraid	O
of	O
the	O
king	O
's	O
anger	O
.	O


He	O
continued	O
strong	O
as	O
if	O
he	O
could	O
see	O
the	O
God	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
see	O
.	O


Moses	O
prepared	O
the	O
Passover	O
and	O
spread	O
the	O
blood	O
on	O
the	O
doorways	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
angel	O
of	O
death	O
would	O
not	O
kill	O
their	O
firstborn	O
sons	O
.	O


Moses	O
did	O
this	O
because	O
he	O
had	O
faith	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
all	O
walked	O
through	O
the	O
Red	O
Sea	O
as	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
dry	O
land	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
because	O
they	O
had	O
faith	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
Egyptians	O
tried	O
to	O
follow	O
them	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
drowned	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
walls	O
of	O
Jericho	O
fell	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
faith	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
marched	O
around	O
the	O
walls	O
for	O
seven	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
walls	O
fell	O
.	O


And	O
Rahab	O
,	O
the	O
prostitute	O
,	O
welcomed	O
the	O
Israelite	O
spies	O
like	O
friends	O
.	O


And	O
because	O
of	O
her	O
faith	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
not	O
killed	O
with	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
refused	O
to	O
obey	O
.	O


Do	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
give	O
you	O
more	O
examples	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
enough	O
time	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
about	O
Gideon	O
,	O
Barak	O
,	O
Samson	O
,	O
Jephthah	O
,	O
David	O
,	O
Samuel	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
them	O
had	O
great	O
faith	O
.	O


And	O
with	O
that	O
faith	O
they	O
defeated	O
kingdoms	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
what	O
was	O
right	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
helped	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
ways	O
he	O
promised	O
.	O


With	O
their	O
faith	O
some	O
people	O
closed	O
the	O
mouths	O
of	O
lions	O
.	O


And	O
some	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
stop	O
blazing	O
fires	O
.	O


Others	O
escaped	O
from	O
being	O
killed	O
with	O
swords	O
.	O


Some	O
who	O
were	O
weak	O
were	O
made	O
strong	O
.	O


They	O
became	O
powerful	O
in	O
battle	O
and	O
defeated	O
other	O
armies	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
women	O
who	O
lost	O
loved	O
ones	O
but	O
got	O
them	O
back	O
when	O
they	O
were	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


Others	O
were	O
tortured	O
but	O
refused	O
to	O
accept	O
their	O
freedom	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
to	O
a	O
better	O
life	O
.	O


Some	O
were	O
laughed	O
at	O
and	O
beaten	O
.	O


Others	O
were	O
tied	O
up	O
and	O
put	O
in	O
prison	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
killed	O
with	O
stones	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
cut	O
in	O
half	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
killed	O
with	O
swords	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
clothes	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
had	O
were	O
sheepskins	O
or	O
goatskins	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
poor	O
,	O
persecuted	O
,	O
and	O
treated	O
badly	O
by	O
others	O
.	O


The	O
world	O
was	O
not	O
good	O
enough	O
for	O
these	O
great	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
to	O
wander	O
in	O
deserts	O
and	O
mountains	O
,	O
living	O
in	O
caves	O
and	O
holes	O
in	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


God	O
was	O
pleased	O
with	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
faith	O
.	O


But	O
not	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
received	O
God	O
's	O
great	O
promise	O
.	O


God	O
planned	O
something	O
better	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
to	O
make	O
us	O
perfect	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
he	O
wanted	O
those	O
great	O
people	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
perfect	O
too	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
before	O
we	O
could	O
all	O
enjoy	O
that	O
blessing	O
together	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
all	O
these	O
great	O
people	O
around	O
us	O
as	O
examples	O
.	O


Their	O
lives	O
tell	O
us	O
what	O
faith	O
means	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
should	O
run	O
the	O
race	O
that	O
is	O
before	O
us	O
and	O
never	O
quit	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
remove	O
from	O
our	O
lives	O
anything	O
that	O
would	O
slow	O
us	O
down	O
and	O
the	O
sin	O
that	O
so	O
often	O
makes	O
us	O
fall	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
never	O
stop	O
looking	O
to	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
leader	O
of	O
our	O
faith	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
makes	O
our	O
faith	O
complete	O
.	O


He	O
suffered	O
death	O
on	O
a	O
cross	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
accepted	O
the	O
shame	O
of	O
the	O
cross	O
as	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
nothing	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
joy	O
he	O
could	O
see	O
waiting	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
he	O
is	O
sitting	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
side	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
throne	O
.	O


Think	O
about	O
Jesus	O
.	O


He	O
patiently	O
endured	O
the	O
angry	O
insults	O
that	O
sinful	O
people	O
were	O
shouting	O
at	O
him	O
.	O


Think	O
about	O
him	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
get	O
discouraged	O
and	O
stop	O
trying	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
struggling	O
against	O
sin	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
have	O
not	O
had	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
your	O
life	O
for	O
the	O
cause	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
children	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
speaks	O
words	O
of	O
comfort	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
forgotten	O
these	O
words	O
:	O
``	O
My	O
child	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
discipline	O
is	O
worth	O
nothing	O
,	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
stop	O
trying	O
when	O
he	O
corrects	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
disciplines	O
everyone	O
he	O
loves	O
;	O
and	O
he	O
punishes	O
everyone	O
he	O
accepts	O
as	O
a	O
child	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
accept	O
sufferings	O
like	O
a	O
father	O
's	O
discipline	O
.	O


God	O
does	O
these	O
things	O
to	O
you	O
like	O
a	O
father	O
correcting	O
his	O
children	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
all	O
children	O
are	O
disciplined	O
by	O
their	O
fathers	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
never	O
receive	O
the	O
discipline	O
that	O
every	O
child	O
must	O
have	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
true	O
children	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
belong	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
all	O
had	O
fathers	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
who	O
corrected	O
us	O
with	O
discipline	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
respected	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
is	O
even	O
more	O
important	O
that	O
we	O
accept	O
discipline	O
from	O
the	O
Father	O
of	O
our	O
spirits	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
have	O
life	O
.	O


Our	O
fathers	O
on	O
earth	O
disciplined	O
us	O
for	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
thought	O
was	O
best	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
disciplines	O
us	O
to	O
help	O
us	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
be	O
holy	O
like	O
him	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
enjoy	O
discipline	O
when	O
we	O
get	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
painful	O
.	O


But	O
later	O
,	O
after	O
we	O
have	O
learned	O
our	O
lesson	O
from	O
it	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
enjoy	O
the	O
peace	O
that	O
comes	O
from	O
doing	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
become	O
weak	O
,	O
so	O
make	O
yourselves	O
strong	O
again	O
.	O


Live	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
saved	O
and	O
your	O
weakness	O
will	O
not	O
cause	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
lost	O
.	O


Try	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
peace	O
with	O
everyone	O
.	O


And	O
try	O
to	O
keep	O
your	O
lives	O
free	O
from	O
sin	O
.	O


Anyone	O
whose	O
life	O
is	O
not	O
holy	O
will	O
never	O
see	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Be	O
careful	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
fails	O
to	O
get	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
.	O


Be	O
careful	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
loses	O
their	O
faith	O
and	O
becomes	O
like	O
a	O
bitter	O
weed	O
growing	O
among	O
you	O
.	O


Someone	O
like	O
that	O
can	O
ruin	O
your	O
whole	O
group	O
.	O


Be	O
careful	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
commits	O
sexual	O
sin	O
.	O


And	O
be	O
careful	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
like	O
Esau	O
and	O
never	O
thinks	O
about	O
God	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
oldest	O
son	O
,	O
Esau	O
would	O
have	O
inherited	O
everything	O
from	O
his	O
father	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
sold	O
all	O
that	O
for	O
a	O
single	O
meal	O
.	O


You	O
remember	O
that	O
after	O
Esau	O
did	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
get	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
blessing	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
that	O
blessing	O
so	O
much	O
that	O
he	O
cried	O
.	O


But	O
his	O
father	O
refused	O
to	O
give	O
him	O
the	O
blessing	O
,	O
because	O
Esau	O
could	O
find	O
no	O
way	O
to	O
change	O
what	O
he	O
had	O
done	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
not	O
come	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
and	O
touched	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
mountain	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
saw	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
burning	O
with	O
fire	O
and	O
covered	O
with	O
darkness	O
,	O
gloom	O
,	O
and	O
storms	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
sound	O
of	O
a	O
trumpet	O
or	O
a	O
voice	O
speaking	O
words	O
like	O
those	O
they	O
heard	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
heard	O
the	O
voice	O
,	O
they	O
begged	O
never	O
to	O
hear	O
another	O
word	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
hear	O
the	O
command	O
:	O
``	O
If	O
anything	O
,	O
even	O
an	O
animal	O
,	O
touches	O
the	O
mountain	O
,	O
it	O
must	O
be	O
killed	O
with	O
stones	O
.	O
''	O


What	O
they	O
saw	O
was	O
so	O
terrible	O
that	O
Moses	O
said	O
,	O
``	O


I	O
am	O
shaking	O
with	O
fear	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
you	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
Mount	O
Zion	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
the	O
living	O
God	O
,	O
the	O
heavenly	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
thousands	O
of	O
angels	O
have	O
gathered	O
to	O
celebrate	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
meeting	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
firstborn	O
children	O
.	O


Their	O
names	O
are	O
written	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
the	O
judge	O
of	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
spirits	O
of	O
good	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
perfect	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
Jesus	O
--	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
brought	O
the	O
new	O
agreement	O
from	O
God	O
to	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
sprinkled	O
blood	O
that	O
tells	O
us	O
about	O
better	O
things	O
than	O
the	O
blood	O
of	O
Abel	O
.	O


Be	O
careful	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
refuse	O
to	O
listen	O
when	O
God	O
speaks	O
.	O


Those	O
people	O
refused	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
him	O
when	O
he	O
warned	O
them	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
escape	O
.	O


Now	O
God	O
is	O
speaking	O
from	O
heaven	O
.	O


So	O
now	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
worse	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
refuse	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
spoke	O
before	O
,	O
his	O
voice	O
shook	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
he	O
has	O
promised	O
,	O
``	O
Once	O
again	O
I	O
will	O
shake	O
the	O
earth	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
will	O
also	O
shake	O
heaven	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
words	O
``	O
once	O
again	O
''	O
clearly	O
show	O
us	O
that	O
everything	O
that	O
was	O
created	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
--	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
shaken	O
.	O


And	O
only	O
what	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
shaken	O
will	O
remain	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
should	O
be	O
thankful	O
because	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
kingdom	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
shaken	O
.	O


And	O
because	O
we	O
are	O
thankful	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
worship	O
God	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
will	O
please	O
him	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
do	O
this	O
with	O
respect	O
and	O
fear	O
,	O
because	O
our	O
God	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
fire	O
that	O
can	O
destroy	O
us	O
.	O


Continue	O
loving	O
each	O
other	O
as	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


Always	O
remember	O
to	O
help	O
people	O
by	O
welcoming	O
them	O
into	O
your	O
home	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
have	O
done	O
that	O
and	O
have	O
helped	O
angels	O
without	O
knowing	O
it	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
forget	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
in	O
prison	O
.	O


Remember	O
them	O
as	O
though	O
you	O
were	O
in	O
prison	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
do	O
n't	O
forget	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
suffering	O
.	O


Remember	O
them	O
as	O
though	O
you	O
were	O
suffering	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


Marriage	O
should	O
be	O
honored	O
by	O
everyone	O
.	O


And	O
every	O
marriage	O
should	O
be	O
kept	O
pure	O
between	O
husband	O
and	O
wife	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
judge	O
guilty	O
those	O
who	O
commit	O
sexual	O
sins	O
and	O
adultery	O
.	O


Keep	O
your	O
lives	O
free	O
from	O
the	O
love	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


And	O
be	O
satisfied	O
with	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
.	O


God	O
has	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
will	O
never	O
leave	O
you	O
;	O
I	O
will	O
never	O
run	O
away	O
from	O
you	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
we	O
can	O
feel	O
sure	O
and	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Lord	O
is	O
my	O
helper	O
;	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


People	O
can	O
do	O
nothing	O
to	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Remember	O
your	O
leaders	O
.	O


They	O
taught	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Remember	O
how	O
they	O
lived	O
and	O
died	O
,	O
and	O
copy	O
their	O
faith	O
.	O


Jesus	O
Christ	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
yesterday	O
,	O
today	O
,	O
and	O
forever	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
let	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
strange	O
teachings	O
lead	O
you	O
into	O
the	O
wrong	O
way	O
.	O


Depend	O
only	O
on	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
for	O
spiritual	O
strength	O
,	O
not	O
on	O
rules	O
about	O
foods	O
.	O


Obeying	O
those	O
rules	O
does	O
n't	O
help	O
anyone	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
a	O
sacrifice	O
.	O


And	O
those	O
priests	O
who	O
serve	O
in	O
the	O
Holy	O
Tent	O
can	O
not	O
eat	O
from	O
the	O
sacrifice	O
we	O
have	O
.	O


The	O
high	O
priest	O
carries	O
the	O
blood	O
of	O
animals	O
into	O
the	O
Most	O
Holy	O
Place	O
and	O
offers	O
that	O
blood	O
for	O
sins	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
bodies	O
of	O
those	O
animals	O
are	O
burned	O
outside	O
the	O
camp	O
.	O


So	O
Jesus	O
also	O
suffered	O
outside	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


He	O
died	O
to	O
make	O
his	O
people	O
holy	O
with	O
his	O
own	O
blood	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
should	O
go	O
to	O
Jesus	O
outside	O
the	O
camp	O
and	O
accept	O
the	O
same	O
shame	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
.	O


Here	O
on	O
earth	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
city	O
that	O
lasts	O
forever	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
city	O
that	O
we	O
will	O
have	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


So	O
through	O
Jesus	O
we	O
should	O
never	O
stop	O
offering	O
our	O
sacrifice	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


That	O
sacrifice	O
is	O
our	O
praise	O
,	O
coming	O
from	O
lips	O
that	O
speak	O
his	O
name	O
.	O


And	O
do	O
n't	O
forget	O
to	O
do	O
good	O
and	O
to	O
share	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
with	O
others	O
,	O
because	O
sacrifices	O
like	O
these	O
are	O
very	O
pleasing	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Obey	O
your	O
leaders	O
.	O


Be	O
willing	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
they	O
say	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
your	O
spiritual	O
welfare	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
are	O
always	O
watching	O
to	O
protect	O
you	O
.	O


Obey	O
them	O
so	O
that	O
their	O
work	O
will	O
give	O
them	O
joy	O
,	O
not	O
grief	O
.	O


It	O
wo	O
n't	O
help	O
you	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
hard	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


Continue	O
praying	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
feel	O
right	O
about	O
what	O
we	O
do	O
,	O
because	O
we	O
always	O
try	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
best	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
beg	O
you	O
to	O
pray	O
that	O
God	O
will	O
send	O
me	O
back	O
to	O
you	O
soon	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
this	O
more	O
than	O
anything	O
else	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
peace	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
every	O
good	O
thing	O
you	O
need	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
do	O
what	O
he	O
wants	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
,	O
the	O
Great	O
Shepherd	O
of	O
his	O
sheep	O
.	O


He	O
raised	O
him	O
because	O
Jesus	O
sacrificed	O
his	O
blood	O
to	O
begin	O
the	O
new	O
agreement	O
that	O
never	O
ends	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
God	O
will	O
work	O
through	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
things	O
in	O
us	O
that	O
please	O
him	O
.	O


To	O
him	O
be	O
glory	O
forever	O
.	O


Amen	O
.	O


My	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
I	O
beg	O
you	O
to	O
listen	O
patiently	O
to	O
what	O
I	O
have	O
said	O
.	O


I	O
wrote	O
this	O
letter	O
to	O
strengthen	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
very	O
long	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
our	O
brother	O
Timothy	O
is	O
out	O
of	O
prison	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
comes	O
to	O
me	O
soon	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
both	O
come	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
.	O


Give	O
my	O
greetings	O
to	O
all	O
your	O
leaders	O
and	O
to	O
all	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


All	O
those	O
from	O
Italy	O
send	O
you	O
their	O
greetings	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
grace	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
all	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
James	O
,	O
a	O
servant	O
of	O
God	O
and	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


To	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
scattered	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


My	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
many	O
kinds	O
of	O
trouble	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
gives	O
you	O
a	O
reason	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
happy	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
when	O
your	O
faith	O
is	O
tested	O
,	O
you	O
learn	O
to	O
be	O
patient	O
in	O
suffering	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
let	O
that	O
patience	O
work	O
in	O
you	O
,	O
the	O
end	O
result	O
will	O
be	O
good	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
mature	O
and	O
complete	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
all	O
that	O
God	O
wants	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
.	O


Do	O
any	O
of	O
you	O
need	O
wisdom	O
?	O


Ask	O
God	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
generous	O
and	O
enjoys	O
giving	O
to	O
everyone	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
wisdom	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
you	O
ask	O
God	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
believe	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
doubt	O
him	O
.	O


Whoever	O
doubts	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
wave	O
in	O
the	O
sea	O
that	O
is	O
blown	O
up	O
and	O
down	O
by	O
the	O
wind	O
.	O


People	O
like	O
that	O
are	O
thinking	O
two	O
different	O
things	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
never	O
decide	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
should	O
not	O
think	O
they	O
will	O
receive	O
anything	O
from	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Believers	O
who	O
are	O
poor	O
should	O
be	O
glad	O
that	O
God	O
considers	O
them	O
so	O
important	O
.	O


Believers	O
who	O
are	O
rich	O
should	O
be	O
glad	O
when	O
bad	O
things	O
happen	O
that	O
humble	O
them	O
.	O


Their	O
riches	O
wo	O
n't	O
keep	O
them	O
from	O
disappearing	O
as	O
quickly	O
as	O
wildflowers	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
sun	O
rises	O
and	O
gets	O
hotter	O
,	O
its	O
heat	O
dries	O
up	O
the	O
plants	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
flowers	O
fall	O
off	O
.	O


The	O
flowers	O
that	O
were	O
so	O
beautiful	O
are	O
now	O
dead	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
how	O
it	O
is	O
with	O
the	O
rich	O
.	O


While	O
they	O
are	O
still	O
making	O
plans	O
for	O
their	O
business	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
die	O
.	O


Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
tempted	O
and	O
remain	O
faithful	O
!	O


After	O
they	O
have	O
proved	O
their	O
faith	O
,	O
God	O
will	O
give	O
them	O
the	O
crown	O
of	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


God	O
promised	O
this	O
to	O
all	O
people	O
who	O
love	O
him	O
.	O


Whenever	O
you	O
feel	O
tempted	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
bad	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
not	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
is	O
tempting	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


Evil	O
can	O
not	O
tempt	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
himself	O
does	O
not	O
tempt	O
anyone	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
tempted	O
by	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
you	O
want	O
.	O


Your	O
own	O
desire	O
leads	O
you	O
away	O
and	O
traps	O
you	O
.	O


Your	O
desire	O
grows	O
inside	O
you	O
until	O
it	O
results	O
in	O
sin	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
sin	O
grows	O
bigger	O
and	O
bigger	O
and	O
finally	O
ends	O
in	O
death	O
.	O


My	O
dear	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
fooled	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


Everything	O
good	O
comes	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


Every	O
perfect	O
gift	O
is	O
from	O
him	O
.	O


These	O
good	O
gifts	O
come	O
down	O
from	O
the	O
Father	O
who	O
made	O
all	O
the	O
lights	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
never	O
changes	O
like	O
the	O
shadows	O
from	O
those	O
lights	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
always	O
the	O
same	O
.	O


God	O
decided	O
to	O
give	O
us	O
life	O
through	O
the	O
true	O
message	O
he	O
sent	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
us	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
of	O
all	O
that	O
he	O
created	O
.	O


My	O
dear	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
always	O
be	O
more	O
willing	O
to	O
listen	O
than	O
to	O
speak	O
.	O


Keep	O
control	O
of	O
your	O
anger	O
.	O


Anger	O
does	O
not	O
help	O
you	O
live	O
the	O
way	O
God	O
wants	O
.	O


So	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
everything	O
evil	O
in	O
your	O
lives	O
--	O
every	O
kind	O
of	O
wrong	O
you	O
do	O
.	O


Be	O
humble	O
and	O
accept	O
God	O
's	O
teaching	O
that	O
is	O
planted	O
in	O
your	O
hearts	O
.	O


This	O
teaching	O
can	O
save	O
you	O
.	O


Do	O
what	O
God	O
's	O
teaching	O
says	O
;	O
do	O
n't	O
just	O
listen	O
and	O
do	O
nothing	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
only	O
sit	O
and	O
listen	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
fooling	O
yourselves	O
.	O


Hearing	O
God	O
's	O
teaching	O
and	O
doing	O
nothing	O
is	O
like	O
looking	O
at	O
your	O
face	O
in	O
the	O
mirror	O
and	O
doing	O
nothing	O
about	O
what	O
you	O
saw	O
.	O


You	O
go	O
away	O
and	O
immediately	O
forget	O
how	O
bad	O
you	O
looked	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
you	O
look	O
into	O
God	O
's	O
perfect	O
law	O
that	O
sets	O
people	O
free	O
,	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
what	O
it	O
says	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
have	O
God	O
's	O
blessing	O
.	O


Never	O
just	O
listen	O
to	O
his	O
teaching	O
and	O
forget	O
what	O
you	O
heard	O
.	O


You	O
might	O
think	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
very	O
religious	O
person	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
your	O
tongue	O
is	O
out	O
of	O
control	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
fooling	O
yourself	O
.	O


Your	O
careless	O
talk	O
makes	O
your	O
offerings	O
to	O
God	O
worthless	O
.	O


The	O
worship	O
that	O
God	O
wants	O
is	O
this	O
:	O
caring	O
for	O
orphans	O
or	O
widows	O
who	O
need	O
help	O
and	O
keeping	O
yourself	O
free	O
from	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
evil	O
influence	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
worship	O
that	O
God	O
accepts	O
as	O
pure	O
and	O
good	O
.	O


My	O
dear	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
believers	O
in	O
our	O
glorious	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
n't	O
treat	O
some	O
people	O
better	O
than	O
others	O
.	O


Suppose	O
someone	O
comes	O
into	O
your	O
meeting	O
wearing	O
very	O
nice	O
clothes	O
and	O
a	O
gold	O
ring	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
a	O
poor	O
person	O
comes	O
in	O
wearing	O
old	O
,	O
dirty	O
clothes	O
.	O


You	O
show	O
special	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
person	O
wearing	O
nice	O
clothes	O
.	O


You	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Sit	O
here	O
in	O
this	O
good	O
seat	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
you	O
say	O
to	O
the	O
poor	O
person	O
,	O
``	O
Stand	O
there	O
!	O
''	O


or	O
``	O
Sit	O
on	O
the	O
floor	O
by	O
our	O
feet	O
!	O
''	O


Does	O
n't	O
this	O
show	O
that	O
you	O
think	O
some	O
people	O
are	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
others	O
?	O


You	O
set	O
yourselves	O
up	O
as	O
judges	O
--	O
judges	O
who	O
make	O
bad	O
decisions	O
.	O


Listen	O
,	O
my	O
dear	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
.	O


God	O
chose	O
the	O
poor	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
be	O
rich	O
in	O
faith	O
.	O


He	O
chose	O
them	O
to	O
receive	O
the	O
kingdom	O
God	O
promised	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
love	O
him	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
show	O
no	O
respect	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
poor	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
rich	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
always	O
try	O
to	O
control	O
your	O
lives	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
take	O
you	O
to	O
court	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
rich	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
insult	O
the	O
wonderful	O
name	O
of	O
Christ	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
by	O
which	O
you	O
are	O
known	O
.	O


One	O
law	O
rules	O
over	O
all	O
other	O
laws	O
.	O


This	O
royal	O
law	O
is	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
:	O
``	O
Love	O
your	O
neighbor	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
you	O
love	O
yourself	O
.	O
''	O


If	O
you	O
obey	O
this	O
law	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
doing	O
right	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
treating	O
one	O
person	O
as	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
another	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
sinning	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
guilty	O
of	O
breaking	O
God	O
's	O
law	O
.	O


You	O
might	O
follow	O
all	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
law	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
fail	O
to	O
obey	O
only	O
one	O
command	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
guilty	O
of	O
breaking	O
all	O
the	O
commands	O
in	O
that	O
law	O
.	O


God	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
commit	O
adultery	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
same	O
God	O
also	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
kill	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
commit	O
adultery	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
kill	O
someone	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
guilty	O
of	O
breaking	O
all	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
law	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
judged	O
by	O
the	O
law	O
that	O
makes	O
people	O
free	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
remember	O
this	O
in	O
everything	O
you	O
say	O
and	O
do	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
show	O
mercy	O
to	O
others	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
not	O
show	O
mercy	O
,	O
then	O
God	O
will	O
not	O
show	O
mercy	O
to	O
you	O
when	O
he	O
judges	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
shows	O
mercy	O
can	O
stand	O
without	O
fear	O
before	O
the	O
Judge	O
.	O


My	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
if	O
a	O
person	O
claims	O
to	O
have	O
faith	O
but	O
does	O
nothing	O
,	O
that	O
faith	O
is	O
worth	O
nothing	O
.	O


Faith	O
like	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
save	O
anyone	O
.	O


Suppose	O
a	O
brother	O
or	O
sister	O
in	O
Christ	O
comes	O
to	O
you	O
in	O
need	O
of	O
clothes	O
or	O
something	O
to	O
eat	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
say	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
be	O
with	O
you	O
!	O


I	O
hope	O
you	O
stay	O
warm	O
and	O
get	O
plenty	O
to	O
eat	O
,	O
''	O
but	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
give	O
them	O
the	O
things	O
they	O
need	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
help	O
them	O
,	O
your	O
words	O
are	O
worthless	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
faith	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
is	O
just	O
faith	O
and	O
nothing	O
more	O
--	O
if	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
do	O
anything	O
--	O
it	O
is	O
dead	O
.	O


But	O
someone	O
might	O
argue	O
,	O
``	O
Some	O
people	O
have	O
faith	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
have	O
good	O
works	O
.	O
''	O


My	O
answer	O
would	O
be	O
that	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
show	O
me	O
your	O
faith	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
anything	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
will	O
show	O
you	O
my	O
faith	O
by	O
the	O
good	O
I	O
do	O
.	O


You	O
believe	O
there	O
is	O
one	O
God	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
good	O
,	O
but	O
even	O
the	O
demons	O
believe	O
that	O
!	O


And	O
they	O
shake	O
with	O
fear	O
.	O


You	O
fool	O
!	O


Faith	O
that	O
does	O
nothing	O
is	O
worth	O
nothing	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
want	O
me	O
to	O
prove	O
this	O
to	O
you	O
?	O


Our	O
father	O
Abraham	O
was	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
by	O
what	O
he	O
did	O
.	O


He	O
offered	O
his	O
son	O
Isaac	O
to	O
God	O
on	O
the	O
altar	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
see	O
that	O
Abraham	O
's	O
faith	O
and	O
what	O
he	O
did	O
worked	O
together	O
.	O


His	O
faith	O
was	O
made	O
perfect	O
by	O
what	O
he	O
did	O
.	O


This	O
shows	O
the	O
full	O
meaning	O
of	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
that	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Abraham	O
believed	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
because	O
of	O
this	O
faith	O
he	O
was	O
accepted	O
as	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


Abraham	O
was	O
called	O
``	O
God	O
's	O
friend	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
you	O
see	O
that	O
people	O
are	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
by	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
made	O
right	O
by	O
faith	O
alone	O
.	O


Another	O
example	O
is	O
Rahab	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
a	O
prostitute	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
was	O
made	O
right	O
with	O
God	O
by	O
something	O
she	O
did	O
.	O


She	O
helped	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
spying	O
for	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


She	O
welcomed	O
them	O
into	O
her	O
home	O
and	O
helped	O
them	O
escape	O
by	O
a	O
different	O
road	O
.	O


A	O
person	O
's	O
body	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
spirit	O
is	O
dead	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
faith	O
--	O
faith	O
that	O
does	O
nothing	O
is	O
dead	O
!	O


My	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
not	O
many	O
of	O
you	O
should	O
be	O
teachers	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
,	O
as	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
we	O
who	O
teach	O
will	O
be	O
judged	O
more	O
strictly	O
than	O
others	O
.	O


We	O
all	O
make	O
many	O
mistakes	O
.	O


A	O
person	O
who	O
never	O
said	O
anything	O
wrong	O
would	O
be	O
perfect	O
.	O


Someone	O
like	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
control	O
their	O
whole	O
body	O
too	O
.	O


We	O
put	O
bits	O
into	O
the	O
mouths	O
of	O
horses	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
obey	O
us	O
.	O


With	O
these	O
bits	O
we	O
can	O
control	O
their	O
whole	O
body	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
ships	O
.	O


A	O
ship	O
is	O
very	O
big	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
pushed	O
by	O
strong	O
winds	O
.	O


But	O
a	O
very	O
small	O
rudder	O
controls	O
that	O
big	O
ship	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
controls	O
the	O
rudder	O
decides	O
where	O
the	O
ship	O
will	O
go	O
.	O


It	O
goes	O
where	O
he	O
wants	O
it	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
our	O
tongue	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
small	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
can	O
boast	O
about	O
doing	O
great	O
things	O
.	O


A	O
big	O
forest	O
fire	O
can	O
be	O
started	O
with	O
only	O
a	O
little	O
flame	O
.	O


The	O
tongue	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
fire	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
world	O
of	O
evil	O
among	O
the	O
parts	O
of	O
our	O
body	O
.	O


It	O
spreads	O
its	O
evil	O
through	O
our	O
whole	O
body	O
and	O
starts	O
a	O
fire	O
that	O
influences	O
all	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


It	O
gets	O
this	O
fire	O
from	O
hell	O
.	O


Humans	O
have	O
control	O
over	O
every	O
kind	O
of	O
wild	O
animal	O
,	O
bird	O
,	O
reptile	O
,	O
and	O
fish	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
have	O
controlled	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


But	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
control	O
the	O
tongue	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
wild	O
and	O
evil	O
,	O
full	O
of	O
deadly	O
poison	O
.	O


We	O
use	O
our	O
tongues	O
to	O
praise	O
our	O
Lord	O
and	O
Father	O
,	O
but	O
then	O
we	O
curse	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
created	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
likeness	O
.	O


These	O
praises	O
and	O
curses	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
mouth	O
.	O


My	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
this	O
should	O
not	O
happen	O
.	O


Do	O
good	O
water	O
and	O
bad	O
water	O
flow	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
spring	O
?	O


Of	O
course	O
not	O
.	O


My	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
can	O
a	O
fig	O
tree	O
make	O
olives	O
?	O


Or	O
can	O
a	O
grapevine	O
make	O
figs	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
well	O
full	O
of	O
salty	O
water	O
can	O
not	O
give	O
good	O
water	O
.	O


Are	O
there	O
any	O
among	O
you	O
who	O
are	O
really	O
wise	O
and	O
understanding	O
?	O


Then	O
you	O
should	O
show	O
your	O
wisdom	O
by	O
living	O
right	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
with	O
humility	O
.	O


A	O
wise	O
person	O
does	O
not	O
boast	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
selfish	O
and	O
have	O
bitter	O
jealousy	O
in	O
your	O
hearts	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
no	O
reason	O
to	O
boast	O
.	O


Your	O
boasting	O
is	O
a	O
lie	O
that	O
hides	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


That	O
kind	O
of	O
``	O
wisdom	O
''	O
does	O
not	O
come	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


That	O
``	O
wisdom	O
''	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
spiritual	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
from	O
the	O
devil	O
.	O


Where	O
there	O
is	O
jealousy	O
and	O
selfishness	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
confusion	O
and	O
every	O
kind	O
of	O
evil	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
wisdom	O
that	O
comes	O
from	O
God	O
is	O
like	O
this	O
:	O


First	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
pure	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
also	O
peaceful	O
,	O
gentle	O
,	O
and	O
easy	O
to	O
please	O
.	O


This	O
wisdom	O
is	O
always	O
ready	O
to	O
help	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
trouble	O
and	O
to	O
do	O
good	O
for	O
others	O
.	O


This	O
wisdom	O
is	O
always	O
fair	O
and	O
honest	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
work	O
for	O
peace	O
in	O
a	O
peaceful	O
way	O
get	O
the	O
blessings	O
that	O
come	O
from	O
right	O
living	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
know	O
where	O
your	O
fights	O
and	O
arguments	O
come	O
from	O
?	O


They	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
selfish	O
desires	O
that	O
make	O
war	O
inside	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
want	O
things	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
kill	O
and	O
are	O
jealous	O
of	O
others	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
still	O
can	O
not	O
get	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
argue	O
and	O
fight	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
because	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
ask	O
God	O
.	O


Or	O
when	O
you	O
ask	O
,	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
receive	O
anything	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
reason	O
you	O
ask	O
is	O
wrong	O
.	O


You	O
only	O
want	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
for	O
your	O
own	O
pleasure	O
.	O


You	O
people	O
are	O
not	O
faithful	O
to	O
God	O
!	O


You	O
should	O
know	O
that	O
loving	O
what	O
the	O
world	O
has	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
hating	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
anyone	O
who	O
wants	O
to	O
be	O
friends	O
with	O
this	O
evil	O
world	O
becomes	O
God	O
's	O
enemy	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
mean	O
nothing	O
?	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Spirit	O
God	O
made	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
us	O
wants	O
us	O
only	O
for	O
himself	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
the	O
kindness	O
God	O
shows	O
is	O
greater	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
Scripture	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
is	O
against	O
the	O
proud	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
is	O
kind	O
to	O
the	O
humble	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
give	O
yourselves	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


Stand	O
against	O
the	O
devil	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
run	O
away	O
from	O
you	O
.	O


Come	O
near	O
to	O
God	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
come	O
near	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
sinners	O
,	O
so	O
clean	O
sin	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
lives	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
follow	O
God	O
and	O
the	O
world	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O


Make	O
your	O
thinking	O
pure	O
.	O


Be	O
sad	O
,	O
be	O
sorry	O
,	O
and	O
cry	O
!	O


Change	O
your	O
laughter	O
into	O
crying	O
.	O


Change	O
your	O
joy	O
into	O
sadness	O
.	O


Be	O
humble	O
before	O
the	O
Lord	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
will	O
make	O
you	O
great	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
say	O
anything	O
against	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
criticize	O
your	O
brother	O
or	O
sister	O
in	O
Christ	O
or	O
judge	O
them	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
criticizing	O
and	O
judging	O
the	O
law	O
they	O
follow	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
you	O
are	O
judging	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
a	O
follower	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
become	O
a	O
judge	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
gave	O
us	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
Judge	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
who	O
can	O
save	O
and	O
destroy	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
right	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
judge	O
anyone	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Today	O
or	O
tomorrow	O
we	O
will	O
go	O
to	O
some	O
city	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
stay	O
there	O
a	O
year	O
,	O
do	O
business	O
,	O
and	O
make	O
money	O
.	O
''	O


Listen	O
,	O
think	O
about	O
this	O
:	O
You	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
tomorrow	O
.	O


Your	O
life	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
fog	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
see	O
it	O
for	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
,	O
but	O
then	O
it	O
goes	O
away	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
should	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
the	O
Lord	O
wants	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
live	O
and	O
do	O
this	O
or	O
that	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
now	O
you	O
are	O
proud	O
and	O
boast	O
about	O
yourself	O
.	O


All	O
such	O
boasting	O
is	O
wrong	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
fail	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
you	O
know	O
is	O
right	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
sinning	O
.	O


You	O
rich	O
people	O
,	O
listen	O
!	O


Cry	O
and	O
be	O
very	O
sad	O
because	O
much	O
trouble	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Your	O
riches	O
will	O
rot	O
and	O
be	O
worth	O
nothing	O
.	O


Your	O
clothes	O
will	O
be	O
eaten	O
by	O
moths	O
.	O


Your	O
gold	O
and	O
silver	O
will	O
rust	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
rust	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
proof	O
that	O
you	O
were	O
wrong	O
.	O


That	O
rust	O
will	O
eat	O
your	O
bodies	O
like	O
fire	O
.	O


You	O
saved	O
your	O
treasure	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
days	O
.	O


People	O
worked	O
in	O
your	O
fields	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
pay	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
crying	O
out	O
against	O
you	O
.	O


They	O
harvested	O
your	O
crops	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
Lord	O
All	O
-	O
Powerful	O
has	O
heard	O
their	O
cries	O
.	O


Your	O
life	O
on	O
earth	O
was	O
full	O
of	O
rich	O
living	O
.	O


You	O
pleased	O
yourselves	O
with	O
everything	O
you	O
wanted	O
.	O


You	O
made	O
yourselves	O
fat	O
,	O
like	O
an	O
animal	O
ready	O
for	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
slaughter	O
.	O


You	O
showed	O
no	O
mercy	O
to	O
good	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
not	O
against	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
killed	O
them	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
be	O
patient	O
;	O
the	O
Lord	O
will	O
come	O
.	O


So	O
be	O
patient	O
until	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


Look	O
at	O
the	O
farmers	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
patient	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
to	O
wait	O
for	O
their	O
valuable	O
crop	O
to	O
grow	O
and	O
produce	O
a	O
harvest	O
.	O


They	O
wait	O
patiently	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
rain	O
and	O
the	O
last	O
rain	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
be	O
patient	O
too	O
.	O


Never	O
stop	O
hoping	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
is	O
coming	O
soon	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
complain	O
against	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
stop	O
complaining	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
judged	O
guilty	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Judge	O
is	O
ready	O
to	O
come	O
!	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
follow	O
the	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
who	O
spoke	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


They	O
suffered	O
many	O
bad	O
things	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
patient	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
say	O
that	O
those	O
who	O
accepted	O
their	O
troubles	O
with	O
patience	O
now	O
have	O
God	O
's	O
blessing	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
heard	O
about	O
Job	O
's	O
patience	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
after	O
all	O
his	O
troubles	O
,	O
the	O
Lord	O
helped	O
him	O
.	O


This	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
is	O
full	O
of	O
mercy	O
and	O
is	O
kind	O
.	O


My	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
that	O
you	O
not	O
use	O
an	O
oath	O
when	O
you	O
make	O
a	O
promise	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
use	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
heaven	O
,	O
earth	O
,	O
or	O
anything	O
else	O
to	O
prove	O
what	O
you	O
say	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
mean	O
yes	O
,	O
say	O
only	O
``	O
yes	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
you	O
mean	O
no	O
,	O
say	O
only	O
``	O
no	O
.	O
''	O


Do	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
judged	O
guilty	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
having	O
troubles	O
?	O


You	O
should	O
pray	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
happy	O
?	O


You	O
should	O
sing	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
sick	O
?	O


Ask	O
the	O
elders	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
to	O
come	O
and	O
rub	O
oil	O
on	O
you	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
and	O
pray	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


If	O
such	O
a	O
prayer	O
is	O
offered	O
in	O
faith	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
heal	O
anyone	O
who	O
is	O
sick	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
will	O
heal	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
they	O
have	O
sinned	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
forgive	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
always	O
tell	O
each	O
other	O
the	O
wrong	O
things	O
you	O
have	O
done	O
.	O


Then	O
pray	O
for	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Do	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
God	O
can	O
heal	O
you	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
lives	O
the	O
way	O
God	O
wants	O
can	O
pray	O
,	O
and	O
great	O
things	O
will	O
happen	O
.	O


Elijah	O
was	O
a	O
person	O
just	O
like	O
us	O
.	O


He	O
prayed	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
rain	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
rain	O
on	O
the	O
land	O
for	O
three	O
and	O
a	O
half	O
years	O
!	O


Then	O
Elijah	O
prayed	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
rain	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
rain	O
came	O
down	O
from	O
the	O
sky	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
land	O
grew	O
crops	O
again	O
.	O


My	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
if	O
anyone	O
wanders	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
truth	O
and	O
someone	O
helps	O
that	O
person	O
come	O
back	O
,	O
remember	O
this	O
:	O
Anyone	O
who	O
brings	O
a	O
sinner	O
back	O
from	O
the	O
wrong	O
way	O
will	O
save	O
that	O
person	O
from	O
eternal	O
death	O
and	O
cause	O
many	O
sins	O
to	O
be	O
forgiven	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Peter	O
,	O
an	O
apostle	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


To	O
God	O
's	O
chosen	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
away	O
from	O
their	O
homes	O
--	O
people	O
scattered	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
Pontus	O
,	O
Galatia	O
,	O
Cappadocia	O
,	O
Asia	O
,	O
and	O
Bithynia	O
.	O


God	O
planned	O
long	O
ago	O
to	O
choose	O
you	O
and	O
to	O
make	O
you	O
his	O
holy	O
people	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
Spirit	O
's	O
work	O
.	O


God	O
wanted	O
you	O
to	O
obey	O
him	O
and	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
clean	O
by	O
the	O
blood	O
sacrifice	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
enjoy	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
grace	O
and	O
peace	O
.	O


Praise	O
be	O
to	O
the	O
God	O
and	O
Father	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


God	O
has	O
great	O
mercy	O
,	O
and	O
because	O
of	O
his	O
mercy	O
he	O
gave	O
us	O
a	O
new	O
life	O
.	O


This	O
new	O
life	O
brings	O
us	O
a	O
living	O
hope	O
through	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
's	O
resurrection	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


Now	O
we	O
wait	O
to	O
receive	O
the	O
blessings	O
God	O
has	O
for	O
his	O
children	O
.	O


These	O
blessings	O
are	O
kept	O
for	O
you	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
ruined	O
or	O
be	O
destroyed	O
or	O
lose	O
their	O
beauty	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
power	O
protects	O
you	O
through	O
your	O
faith	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
keeps	O
you	O
safe	O
until	O
your	O
salvation	O
comes	O
.	O


That	O
salvation	O
is	O
ready	O
to	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
you	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
time	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
the	O
thought	O
of	O
that	O
is	O
exciting	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
you	O
must	O
suffer	O
through	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
troubles	O
for	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
now	O
.	O


These	O
troubles	O
test	O
your	O
faith	O
and	O
prove	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
pure	O
.	O


And	O
such	O
faith	O
is	O
worth	O
more	O
than	O
gold	O
.	O


Gold	O
can	O
be	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
pure	O
by	O
fire	O
,	O
but	O
gold	O
will	O
ruin	O
.	O


When	O
your	O
faith	O
is	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
pure	O
,	O
the	O
result	O
will	O
be	O
praise	O
and	O
glory	O
and	O
honor	O
when	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
comes	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
not	O
seen	O
Christ	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
you	O
love	O
him	O
.	O


You	O
ca	O
n't	O
see	O
him	O
now	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
believe	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
filled	O
with	O
a	O
wonderful	O
and	O
heavenly	O
joy	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
explained	O
.	O


Your	O
faith	O
has	O
a	O
goal	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
reaching	O
that	O
goal	O
--	O
your	O
salvation	O
.	O


The	O
prophets	O
studied	O
carefully	O
and	O
tried	O
to	O
learn	O
about	O
this	O
salvation	O
.	O


They	O
spoke	O
about	O
the	O
grace	O
that	O
was	O
coming	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
of	O
Christ	O
was	O
in	O
those	O
prophets	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Spirit	O
was	O
telling	O
about	O
the	O
sufferings	O
that	O
would	O
happen	O
to	O
Christ	O
and	O
about	O
the	O
glory	O
that	O
would	O
come	O
after	O
those	O
sufferings	O
.	O


The	O
prophets	O
tried	O
to	O
learn	O
about	O
what	O
the	O
Spirit	O
was	O
showing	O
them	O
--	O
when	O
it	O
would	O
happen	O
and	O
what	O
the	O
world	O
would	O
be	O
like	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
made	O
clear	O
to	O
them	O
that	O
their	O
service	O
was	O
not	O
for	O
themselves	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
serving	O
you	O
when	O
they	O
told	O
about	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
have	O
now	O
heard	O
.	O


You	O
heard	O
them	O
from	O
those	O
who	O
told	O
you	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
sent	O
from	O
heaven	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
angels	O
would	O
like	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
know	O
more	O
about	O
these	O
things	O
you	O
were	O
told	O
.	O


So	O
prepare	O
your	O
minds	O
for	O
service	O
.	O


With	O
complete	O
self	O
-	O
control	O
put	O
all	O
your	O
hope	O
in	O
the	O
grace	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
yours	O
when	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
comes	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
you	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
understanding	O
you	O
have	O
now	O
,	O
so	O
you	O
did	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
you	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
you	O
are	O
children	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
so	O
you	O
should	O
obey	O
him	O
and	O
not	O
live	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
did	O
before	O
.	O


Be	O
holy	O
in	O
everything	O
you	O
do	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
God	O
is	O
holy	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
chose	O
you	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
God	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
Be	O
holy	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
am	O
holy	O
.	O
''	O


You	O
pray	O
to	O
God	O
and	O
call	O
him	O
Father	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
will	O
judge	O
everyone	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
--	O
by	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


So	O
while	O
you	O
are	O
visiting	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
live	O
with	O
respect	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
were	O
living	O
was	O
useless	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
life	O
you	O
learned	O
from	O
those	O
who	O
lived	O
before	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
were	O
saved	O
from	O
that	O
way	O
of	O
living	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
bought	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
things	O
that	O
ruin	O
like	O
gold	O
or	O
silver	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
bought	O
with	O
the	O
precious	O
blood	O
of	O
Christ	O
's	O
death	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
a	O
pure	O
and	O
perfect	O
sacrificial	O
Lamb	O
.	O


Christ	O
was	O
chosen	O
before	O
the	O
world	O
was	O
made	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
these	O
last	O
times	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
believe	O
in	O
God	O
through	O
Christ	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
raised	O
him	O
from	O
death	O
and	O
gave	O
honor	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
your	O
faith	O
and	O
your	O
hope	O
are	O
in	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
made	O
yourselves	O
pure	O
by	O
obeying	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


Now	O
you	O
can	O
have	O
true	O
love	O
for	O
your	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
.	O


So	O
love	O
each	O
other	O
deeply	O
--	O
with	O
all	O
your	O
heart	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
been	O
born	O
again	O
.	O


This	O
new	O
life	O
did	O
not	O
come	O
from	O
something	O
that	O
dies	O
.	O


It	O
came	O
from	O
something	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
die	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
born	O
again	O
through	O
God	O
's	O
life	O
-	O
giving	O
message	O
that	O
lasts	O
forever	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Our	O
lives	O
are	O
like	O
the	O
grass	O
of	O
spring	O
,	O
and	O
any	O
glory	O
we	O
enjoy	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
beauty	O
of	O
a	O
wildflower	O
.	O


The	O
grass	O
dries	O
up	O
and	O
dies	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
flower	O
falls	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
word	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
lasts	O
forever	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
that	O
word	O
is	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
that	O
was	O
told	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
then	O
,	O
stop	O
doing	O
anything	O
to	O
hurt	O
others	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
lie	O
anymore	O
,	O
and	O
stop	O
trying	O
to	O
fool	O
people	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
jealous	O
or	O
say	O
bad	O
things	O
about	O
others	O
.	O


Like	O
newborn	O
babies	O
hungry	O
for	O
milk	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
want	O
the	O
pure	O
teaching	O
that	O
feeds	O
your	O
spirit	O
.	O


With	O
it	O
you	O
can	O
grow	O
up	O
and	O
be	O
saved	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
already	O
tasted	O
the	O
goodness	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
living	O
stone	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
decided	O
that	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
this	O
stone	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
God	O
chose	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
great	O
value	O
.	O


So	O
come	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


You	O
also	O
are	O
like	O
living	O
stones	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
is	O
using	O
you	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
spiritual	O
house	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
to	O
serve	O
God	O
in	O
this	O
house	O
as	O
holy	O
priests	O
,	O
offering	O
him	O
spiritual	O
sacrifices	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
accept	O
because	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
chosen	O
a	O
cornerstone	O
of	O
great	O
value	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
put	O
that	O
stone	O
in	O
Zion	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
trusts	O
in	O
him	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
disappointed	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
,	O
that	O
stone	O
means	O
honor	O
for	O
you	O
who	O
believe	O
.	O


But	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
he	O
is	O
``	O
the	O
stone	O
that	O
the	O
builders	O
refused	O
to	O
accept	O
,	O
which	O
became	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
stone	O
.	O
''	O


For	O
them	O
he	O
is	O
also	O
``	O
a	O
stone	O
that	O
makes	O
people	O
stumble	O
,	O
a	O
rock	O
that	O
makes	O
people	O
fall	O
.	O
''	O


People	O
stumble	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
obey	O
what	O
God	O
says	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
planned	O
to	O
happen	O
to	O
those	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
are	O
his	O
chosen	O
people	O
,	O
the	O
King	O
's	O
priests	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
a	O
holy	O
nation	O
,	O
people	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
chose	O
you	O
to	O
tell	O
about	O
the	O
wonderful	O
things	O
he	O
has	O
done	O
.	O


He	O
brought	O
you	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
darkness	O
of	O
sin	O
into	O
his	O
wonderful	O
light	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
you	O
were	O
not	O
a	O
special	O
people	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
you	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


Once	O
you	O
had	O
not	O
received	O
mercy	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
God	O
has	O
given	O
you	O
his	O
mercy	O
.	O


Dear	O
friends	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
like	O
visitors	O
and	O
strangers	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
beg	O
you	O
to	O
keep	O
your	O
lives	O
free	O
from	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
those	O
desires	O
that	O
fight	O
against	O
your	O
true	O
selves	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
are	O
living	O
all	O
around	O
you	O
.	O


They	O
may	O
say	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
doing	O
wrong	O
.	O


So	O
live	O
such	O
good	O
lives	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
see	O
the	O
good	O
you	O
do	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
give	O
glory	O
to	O
God	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
he	O
comes	O
.	O


Be	O
willing	O
to	O
serve	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
authority	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
.	O


Do	O
this	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


Obey	O
the	O
king	O
,	O
the	O
highest	O
authority	O
.	O


And	O
obey	O
the	O
leaders	O
who	O
are	O
sent	O
by	O
the	O
king	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
sent	O
to	O
punish	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
wrong	O
and	O
to	O
praise	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
good	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
do	O
good	O
,	O
you	O
stop	O
ignorant	O
people	O
from	O
saying	O
foolish	O
things	O
about	O
you	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
.	O


Live	O
like	O
free	O
people	O
,	O
but	O
do	O
n't	O
use	O
your	O
freedom	O
as	O
an	O
excuse	O
to	O
do	O
evil	O
.	O


Live	O
as	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
serving	O
God	O
.	O


Show	O
respect	O
for	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


Love	O
all	O
the	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
family	O
.	O


Respect	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
honor	O
the	O
king	O
.	O


Slaves	O
,	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
serve	O
your	O
masters	O
.	O


Do	O
this	O
with	O
all	O
respect	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
obey	O
the	O
masters	O
who	O
are	O
good	O
and	O
kind	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
should	O
obey	O
the	O
masters	O
who	O
are	O
bad	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
you	O
might	O
have	O
to	O
suffer	O
even	O
when	O
you	O
have	O
done	O
nothing	O
wrong	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
think	O
of	O
God	O
and	O
bear	O
the	O
pain	O
,	O
this	O
pleases	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
punished	O
for	O
doing	O
wrong	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
reason	O
to	O
praise	O
you	O
for	O
bearing	O
that	O
punishment	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
suffer	O
for	O
doing	O
good	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
patient	O
,	O
this	O
pleases	O
God	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
you	O
were	O
chosen	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Christ	O
gave	O
you	O
an	O
example	O
to	O
follow	O
.	O


He	O
suffered	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
should	O
do	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
he	O
did	O
:	O
``	O
He	O
never	O
sinned	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
never	O
told	O
a	O
lie	O
.	O
''	O


People	O
insulted	O
him	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
insult	O
them	O
back	O
.	O


He	O
suffered	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
threaten	O
anyone	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
he	O
let	O
God	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
judges	O
rightly	O
.	O


Christ	O
carried	O
our	O
sins	O
in	O
his	O
body	O
on	O
the	O
cross	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
would	O
stop	O
living	O
for	O
sin	O
and	O
live	O
for	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


By	O
his	O
wounds	O
you	O
were	O
healed	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
like	O
sheep	O
that	O
went	O
the	O
wrong	O
way	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
you	O
have	O
come	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
Shepherd	O
and	O
Protector	O
of	O
your	O
lives	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
you	O
wives	O
should	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
serve	O
your	O
husbands	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
even	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
refused	O
to	O
accept	O
God	O
's	O
teaching	O
will	O
be	O
persuaded	O
to	O
believe	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
live	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
say	O
anything	O
.	O


Your	O
husbands	O
will	O
see	O
the	O
pure	O
lives	O
that	O
you	O
live	O
with	O
respect	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
fancy	O
hair	O
,	O
gold	O
jewelry	O
,	O
or	O
fine	O
clothes	O
that	O
should	O
make	O
you	O
beautiful	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
your	O
beauty	O
should	O
come	O
from	O
inside	O
you	O
--	O
the	O
beauty	O
of	O
a	O
gentle	O
and	O
quiet	O
spirit	O
.	O


That	O
beauty	O
will	O
never	O
disappear	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
worth	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
the	O
holy	O
women	O
who	O
lived	O
long	O
ago	O
and	O
followed	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
made	O
themselves	O
beautiful	O
in	O
that	O
same	O
way	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
willing	O
to	O
serve	O
their	O
husbands	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
talking	O
about	O
women	O
like	O
Sarah	O
.	O


She	O
obeyed	O
Abraham	O
,	O
her	O
husband	O
,	O
and	O
called	O
him	O
her	O
master	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
women	O
are	O
true	O
children	O
of	O
Sarah	O
if	O
you	O
always	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
and	O
are	O
not	O
afraid	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
you	O
husbands	O
should	O
live	O
with	O
your	O
wives	O
in	O
an	O
understanding	O
way	O
,	O
since	O
they	O
are	O
weaker	O
than	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
show	O
them	O
respect	O
,	O
because	O
God	O
gives	O
them	O
the	O
same	O
blessing	O
he	O
gives	O
you	O
--	O
the	O
grace	O
of	O
true	O
life	O
.	O


Do	O
this	O
so	O
that	O
nothing	O
will	O
stop	O
your	O
prayers	O
from	O
being	O
heard	O
.	O


So	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
should	O
live	O
together	O
in	O
peace	O
.	O


Try	O
to	O
understand	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Love	O
each	O
other	O
like	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
.	O


Be	O
kind	O
and	O
humble	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
do	O
wrong	O
to	O
anyone	O
to	O
pay	O
them	O
back	O
for	O
doing	O
wrong	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Or	O
do	O
n't	O
insult	O
anyone	O
to	O
pay	O
them	O
back	O
for	O
insulting	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
ask	O
God	O
to	O
bless	O
them	O
.	O


Do	O
this	O
because	O
you	O
yourselves	O
were	O
chosen	O
to	O
receive	O
a	O
blessing	O
.	O


The	O
Scriptures	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
enjoy	O
true	O
life	O
and	O
have	O
only	O
good	O
days	O
,	O
then	O
avoid	O
saying	O
anything	O
hurtful	O
,	O
and	O
never	O
let	O
a	O
lie	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
mouth	O
.	O


Stop	O
doing	O
what	O
is	O
wrong	O
,	O
and	O
do	O
good	O
.	O


Look	O
for	O
peace	O
,	O
and	O
do	O
all	O
you	O
can	O
to	O
help	O
people	O
live	O
peacefully	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
watches	O
over	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
listens	O
to	O
their	O
prayers	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
is	O
against	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
evil	O
.	O
''	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
always	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
good	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
really	O
harm	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
may	O
suffer	O
for	O
doing	O
right	O
.	O


If	O
that	O
happens	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
God	O
's	O
blessing	O
.	O


``	O
Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
make	O
you	O
suffer	O
;	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
worried	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
keep	O
the	O
Lord	O
Christ	O
holy	O
in	O
your	O
hearts	O
.	O


Always	O
be	O
ready	O
to	O
answer	O
everyone	O
who	O
asks	O
you	O
to	O
explain	O
about	O
the	O
hope	O
you	O
have	O
.	O


But	O
answer	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
gentle	O
way	O
with	O
respect	O
.	O


Keep	O
your	O
conscience	O
clear	O
.	O


Then	O
people	O
will	O
see	O
the	O
good	O
way	O
you	O
live	O
as	O
followers	O
of	O
Christ	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
say	O
bad	O
things	O
about	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
ashamed	O
of	O
what	O
they	O
said	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
better	O
to	O
suffer	O
for	O
doing	O
good	O
than	O
for	O
doing	O
wrong	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
better	O
if	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
.	O


Christ	O
himself	O
suffered	O
when	O
he	O
died	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
that	O
one	O
death	O
he	O
paid	O
for	O
your	O
sins	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
not	O
guilty	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
died	O
for	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
guilty	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
this	O
to	O
bring	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
physical	O
form	O
he	O
was	O
killed	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
was	O
made	O
alive	O
by	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


And	O
by	O
the	O
Spirit	O
he	O
went	O
and	O
preached	O
to	O
the	O
spirits	O
in	O
prison	O
.	O


Those	O
were	O
the	O
spirits	O
who	O
refused	O
to	O
obey	O
God	O
long	O
ago	O
in	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Noah	O
.	O


God	O
was	O
waiting	O
patiently	O
for	O
people	O
while	O
Noah	O
was	O
building	O
the	O
big	O
boat	O
.	O


And	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
--	O
eight	O
in	O
all	O
--	O
were	O
saved	O
in	O
the	O
boat	O
through	O
the	O
floodwater	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
water	O
is	O
like	O
baptism	O
,	O
which	O
now	O
saves	O
you	O
.	O


Baptism	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
washing	O
of	O
dirt	O
from	O
the	O
body	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
asking	O
God	O
for	O
a	O
clean	O
conscience	O
.	O


It	O
saves	O
you	O
because	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
was	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


Now	O
he	O
has	O
gone	O
into	O
heaven	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
at	O
God	O
's	O
right	O
side	O
and	O
rules	O
over	O
angels	O
,	O
authorities	O
,	O
and	O
powers	O
.	O


Christ	O
suffered	O
while	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
his	O
body	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
should	O
strengthen	O
yourselves	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
kind	O
of	O
thinking	O
Christ	O
had	O
.	O


The	O
one	O
who	O
accepts	O
suffering	O
in	O
this	O
life	O
has	O
clearly	O
decided	O
to	O
stop	O
sinning	O
.	O


Strengthen	O
yourselves	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
live	O
your	O
lives	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
doing	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
that	O
people	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
you	O
wasted	O
too	O
much	O
time	O
doing	O
what	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
God	O
like	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
living	O
immoral	O
lives	O
,	O
doing	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
you	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
always	O
getting	O
drunk	O
,	O
having	O
wild	O
drinking	O
parties	O
,	O
and	O
doing	O
shameful	O
things	O
in	O
your	O
worship	O
of	O
idols	O
.	O


Now	O
those	O
``	O
friends	O
''	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
strange	O
that	O
you	O
no	O
longer	O
join	O
them	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
wild	O
and	O
wasteful	O
things	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
they	O
say	O
bad	O
things	O
about	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
face	O
God	O
to	O
explain	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
will	O
soon	O
judge	O
everyone	O
--	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
still	O
living	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
died	O
.	O


Some	O
were	O
told	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
before	O
they	O
died	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
criticized	O
by	O
others	O
in	O
their	O
life	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
was	O
God	O
's	O
plan	O
that	O
they	O
hear	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
have	O
a	O
new	O
life	O
through	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


The	O
time	O
is	O
near	O
when	O
all	O
things	O
will	O
end	O
.	O


So	O
keep	O
your	O
minds	O
clear	O
,	O
and	O
control	O
yourselves	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
help	O
you	O
in	O
your	O
prayers	O
.	O


Most	O
important	O
of	O
all	O
,	O
love	O
each	O
other	O
deeply	O
,	O
because	O
love	O
makes	O
you	O
willing	O
to	O
forgive	O
many	O
sins	O
.	O


Open	O
your	O
homes	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
share	O
your	O
food	O
without	O
complaining	O
.	O


God	O
has	O
shown	O
you	O
his	O
grace	O
in	O
many	O
different	O
ways	O
.	O


So	O
be	O
good	O
servants	O
and	O
use	O
whatever	O
gift	O
he	O
has	O
given	O
you	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
will	O
best	O
serve	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


If	O
your	O
gift	O
is	O
speaking	O
,	O
your	O
words	O
should	O
be	O
like	O
words	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


If	O
your	O
gift	O
is	O
serving	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
serve	O
with	O
the	O
strength	O
that	O
God	O
gives	O
.	O


Then	O
it	O
is	O
God	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
praised	O
in	O
everything	O
through	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Power	O
and	O
glory	O
belong	O
to	O
him	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
.	O


Amen	O
.	O


My	O
friends	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
surprised	O
at	O
the	O
painful	O
things	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
now	O
suffering	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
testing	O
your	O
faith	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
something	O
strange	O
is	O
happening	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
should	O
be	O
happy	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
sharing	O
in	O
Christ	O
's	O
sufferings	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
be	O
happy	O
and	O
full	O
of	O
joy	O
when	O
Christ	O
shows	O
his	O
glory	O
.	O


When	O
people	O
say	O
bad	O
things	O
to	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
follow	O
Christ	O
,	O
consider	O
it	O
a	O
blessing	O
.	O


When	O
that	O
happens	O
,	O
it	O
shows	O
that	O
God	O
's	O
Spirit	O
,	O
the	O
Spirit	O
of	O
glory	O
,	O
is	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
may	O
suffer	O
,	O
but	O
do	O
n't	O
let	O
it	O
be	O
because	O
you	O
murder	O
,	O
steal	O
,	O
make	O
trouble	O
,	O
or	O
try	O
to	O
control	O
other	O
people	O
's	O
lives	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
suffer	O
because	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
``	O
Christ	O
-	O


follower	O
,	O
''	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
ashamed	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
praise	O
God	O
for	O
that	O
name	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
time	O
for	O
judging	O
to	O
begin	O
.	O


That	O
judging	O
will	O
begin	O
with	O
God	O
's	O
family	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
begins	O
with	O
us	O
,	O
then	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
accept	O
the	O
Good	O
News	O
of	O
God	O
?	O


``	O
If	O
it	O
is	O
hard	O
for	O
even	O
a	O
good	O
person	O
to	O
be	O
saved	O
,	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
against	O
God	O
and	O
full	O
of	O
sin	O
?	O
''	O


So	O
if	O
God	O
wants	O
you	O
to	O
suffer	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
trust	O
your	O
lives	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
made	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
can	O
trust	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
continue	O
to	O
do	O
good	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
have	O
something	O
to	O
say	O
to	O
the	O
elders	O
in	O
your	O
group	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
also	O
an	O
elder	O
.	O


I	O
myself	O
have	O
seen	O
Christ	O
's	O
sufferings	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
will	O
share	O
in	O
the	O
glory	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
shown	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


I	O
beg	O
you	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
people	O
you	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
flock	O
.	O


Watch	O
over	O
that	O
flock	O
because	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
,	O
not	O
because	O
you	O
are	O
forced	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
how	O
God	O
wants	O
it	O
.	O


Do	O
it	O
because	O
you	O
are	O
happy	O
to	O
serve	O
,	O
not	O
because	O
you	O
want	O
money	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
like	O
a	O
ruler	O
over	O
those	O
you	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
.	O


But	O
be	O
good	O
examples	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


Then	O
when	O
Christ	O
the	O
Ruling	O
Shepherd	O
comes	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
get	O
a	O
crown	O
--	O
one	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
glorious	O
and	O
never	O
lose	O
its	O
beauty	O
.	O


Young	O
people	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
something	O
to	O
say	O
to	O
you	O
too	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
accept	O
the	O
authority	O
of	O
the	O
elders	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
all	O
have	O
a	O
humble	O
attitude	O
in	O
dealing	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


``	O
God	O
is	O
against	O
the	O
proud	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
is	O
kind	O
to	O
the	O
humble	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
be	O
humble	O
under	O
God	O
's	O
powerful	O
hand	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
will	O
lift	O
you	O
up	O
when	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
comes	O
.	O


Give	O
all	O
your	O
worries	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
cares	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Control	O
yourselves	O
and	O
be	O
careful	O
!	O


The	O
devil	O
is	O
your	O
enemy	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
goes	O
around	O
like	O
a	O
roaring	O
lion	O
looking	O
for	O
someone	O
to	O
attack	O
and	O
eat	O
.	O


Refuse	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
devil	O
.	O


Stand	O
strong	O
in	O
your	O
faith	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
your	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
are	O
having	O
the	O
same	O
sufferings	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
suffer	O
for	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
.	O


But	O
after	O
that	O
,	O
God	O
will	O
make	O
everything	O
right	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
make	O
you	O
strong	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
support	O
you	O
and	O
keep	O
you	O
from	O
falling	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
God	O
who	O
gives	O
all	O
grace	O
.	O


He	O
chose	O
you	O
to	O
share	O
in	O
his	O
glory	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


That	O
glory	O
will	O
continue	O
forever	O
.	O


All	O
power	O
is	O
his	O
forever	O
.	O


Amen	O
.	O


Silas	O
will	O
bring	O
this	O
letter	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
a	O
faithful	O
brother	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
wrote	O
this	O
short	O
letter	O
to	O
encourage	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
true	O
grace	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


Stand	O
strong	O
in	O
that	O
grace	O
.	O


The	O
church	O
in	O
Babylon	O
sends	O
you	O
greetings	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
chosen	O
just	O
as	O
you	O
were	O
.	O


Mark	O
,	O
my	O
son	O
in	O
Christ	O
,	O
also	O
sends	O
his	O
greetings	O
.	O


Give	O
each	O
other	O
a	O
special	O
greeting	O
of	O
love	O
when	O
you	O
meet	O
.	O


Peace	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
who	O
are	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Simon	O
Peter	O
,	O
a	O
servant	O
and	O
apostle	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


To	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
who	O
share	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
valuable	O
faith	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
.	O


This	O
faith	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
us	O
because	O
our	O
God	O
and	O
Savior	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
always	O
does	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
and	O
right	O
.	O


Grace	O
and	O
peace	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
you	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
,	O
because	O
now	O
you	O
know	O
God	O
and	O
Jesus	O
our	O
Lord	O
.	O


Jesus	O
has	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
his	O
power	O
has	O
given	O
us	O
everything	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
live	O
a	O
life	O
devoted	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
these	O
things	O
because	O
we	O
know	O
him	O
.	O


Jesus	O
chose	O
us	O
by	O
his	O
glory	O
and	O
goodness	O
,	O
through	O
which	O
he	O
also	O
gave	O
us	O
the	O
very	O
great	O
and	O
rich	O
gifts	O
that	O
he	O
promised	O
us	O
.	O


With	O
these	O
gifts	O
you	O
can	O
share	O
in	O
being	O
like	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
you	O
will	O
escape	O
the	O
ruin	O
that	O
comes	O
to	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
they	O
want	O
.	O


Because	O
you	O
have	O
these	O
blessings	O
,	O
do	O
all	O
you	O
can	O
to	O
add	O
to	O
your	O
life	O
these	O
things	O
:	O
to	O
your	O
faith	O
add	O
goodness	O
;	O
to	O
your	O
goodness	O
add	O
knowledge	O
;	O
to	O
your	O
knowledge	O
add	O
self	O
-	O
control	O
;	O
to	O
your	O
self	O
-	O
control	O
add	O
patience	O
;	O
to	O
your	O
patience	O
add	O
devotion	O
to	O
God	O
;	O
to	O
your	O
devotion	O
add	O
kindness	O
toward	O
your	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
in	O
Christ	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
this	O
kindness	O
add	O
love	O
.	O


If	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
are	O
in	O
you	O
and	O
growing	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
never	O
fail	O
to	O
be	O
useful	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
produce	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
fruit	O
that	O
should	O
come	O
from	O
your	O
knowledge	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
grow	O
in	O
these	O
blessings	O
are	O
blind	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
not	O
see	O
clearly	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
forgotten	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
cleansed	O
from	O
their	O
past	O
sins	O
.	O


My	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
God	O
called	O
you	O
and	O
chose	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
.	O


Do	O
your	O
best	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
shows	O
you	O
really	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
called	O
and	O
chosen	O
people	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
all	O
this	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
never	O
fall	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
given	O
a	O
very	O
great	O
welcome	O
into	O
the	O
kingdom	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
and	O
Savior	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
,	O
a	O
kingdom	O
that	O
never	O
ends	O
.	O


You	O
already	O
know	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
very	O
strong	O
in	O
the	O
truth	O
you	O
have	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
am	O
always	O
going	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
remember	O
them	O
.	O


While	O
I	O
am	O
still	O
living	O
here	O
on	O
earth	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
right	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
remind	O
you	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
must	O
soon	O
leave	O
this	O
body	O
.	O


Our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
has	O
shown	O
me	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
try	O
my	O
best	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
you	O
remember	O
these	O
things	O
even	O
after	O
I	O
am	O
gone	O
.	O


We	O
told	O
you	O
about	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


We	O
told	O
you	O
about	O
his	O
coming	O
.	O


The	O
things	O
we	O
told	O
you	O
were	O
not	O
just	O
clever	O
stories	O
that	O
people	O
invented	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
we	O
saw	O
the	O
greatness	O
of	O
Jesus	O
with	O
our	O
own	O
eyes	O
.	O


Jesus	O
heard	O
the	O
voice	O
of	O
the	O
great	O
and	O
glorious	O
God	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
when	O
he	O
received	O
honor	O
and	O
glory	O
from	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


The	O
voice	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
This	O
is	O
my	O
Son	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
I	O
love	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
very	O
pleased	O
with	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
we	O
heard	O
that	O
voice	O
.	O


It	O
came	O
from	O
heaven	O
while	O
we	O
were	O
with	O
Jesus	O
on	O
the	O
holy	O
mountain	O
.	O


This	O
makes	O
us	O
more	O
sure	O
about	O
what	O
the	O
prophets	O
said	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
is	O
good	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
follow	O
closely	O
what	O
they	O
said	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
light	O
shining	O
in	O
a	O
dark	O
place	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
that	O
light	O
until	O
the	O
day	O
begins	O
and	O
the	O
morning	O
star	O
brings	O
new	O
light	O
to	O
your	O
minds	O
.	O


Most	O
important	O
of	O
all	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
understand	O
this	O
:	O
No	O
prophecy	O
in	O
the	O
Scriptures	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
prophet	O
's	O
own	O
understanding	O
.	O


No	O
prophecy	O
ever	O
came	O
from	O
what	O
some	O
person	O
wanted	O
to	O
say	O
.	O


But	O
people	O
were	O
led	O
by	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
and	O
spoke	O
words	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
there	O
were	O
false	O
prophets	O
among	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
now	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
have	O
some	O
false	O
teachers	O
in	O
your	O
group	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
teach	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
wrong	O
--	O
ideas	O
that	O
will	O
cause	O
people	O
to	O
be	O
lost	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
will	O
teach	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
hard	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
see	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
wrong	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
even	O
refuse	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
Master	O
who	O
bought	O
their	O
freedom	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
they	O
will	O
quickly	O
destroy	O
themselves	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
will	O
follow	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
morally	O
wrong	O
things	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


And	O
because	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
others	O
will	O
say	O
bad	O
things	O
about	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
truth	O
we	O
follow	O
.	O


These	O
false	O
teachers	O
only	O
want	O
your	O
money	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
will	O
use	O
you	O
by	O
telling	O
you	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
true	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
judgment	O
against	O
these	O
false	O
teachers	O
has	O
been	O
ready	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
will	O
not	O
escape	O
God	O
who	O
will	O
destroy	O
them	O
.	O


When	O
angels	O
sinned	O
,	O
God	O
did	O
not	O
let	O
them	O
go	O
free	O
without	O
punishment	O
.	O


He	O
sent	O
them	O
to	O
hell	O
.	O


He	O
put	O
those	O
angels	O
in	O
caves	O
of	O
darkness	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
are	O
being	O
held	O
until	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
God	O
will	O
judge	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
punished	O
the	O
evil	O
people	O
who	O
lived	O
long	O
ago	O
.	O


He	O
brought	O
a	O
flood	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
was	O
full	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
against	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
saved	O
Noah	O
and	O
seven	O
other	O
people	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Noah	O
was	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
told	O
people	O
about	O
living	O
right	O
.	O


God	O
also	O
punished	O
the	O
evil	O
cities	O
of	O
Sodom	O
and	O
Gomorrah	O
.	O


He	O
burned	O
them	O
until	O
there	O
was	O
nothing	O
left	O
but	O
ashes	O
.	O


He	O
used	O
those	O
cities	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
against	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
saved	O
Lot	O
,	O
a	O
good	O
man	O
who	O
lived	O
there	O
.	O


Lot	O
was	O
greatly	O
troubled	O
by	O
the	O
morally	O
bad	O
lives	O
of	O
those	O
evil	O
people	O
.	O


This	O
good	O
man	O
lived	O
with	O
those	O
evil	O
people	O
every	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
good	O
heart	O
was	O
hurt	O
by	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
he	O
saw	O
and	O
heard	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
see	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
God	O
knows	O
how	O
to	O
save	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
devoted	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
save	O
them	O
when	O
troubles	O
come	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Lord	O
will	O
hold	O
evil	O
people	O
to	O
punish	O
them	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
judgment	O
.	O


That	O
punishment	O
is	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
always	O
doing	O
the	O
evil	O
that	O
their	O
sinful	O
selves	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
hate	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
authority	O
.	O


These	O
false	O
teachers	O
do	O
whatever	O
they	O
want	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
so	O
proud	O
of	O
themselves	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
not	O
afraid	O
even	O
to	O
say	O
bad	O
things	O
against	O
the	O
glorious	O
ones	O
.	O


The	O
angels	O
are	O
much	O
stronger	O
and	O
more	O
powerful	O
than	O
these	O
beings	O
.	O


But	O
even	O
the	O
angels	O
do	O
n't	O
accuse	O
them	O
and	O
say	O
bad	O
things	O
about	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
.	O


But	O
these	O
false	O
teachers	O
speak	O
evil	O
against	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
like	O
animals	O
that	O
do	O
things	O
without	O
really	O
thinking	O
--	O
like	O
wild	O
animals	O
that	O
are	O
born	O
to	O
be	O
caught	O
and	O
killed	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
like	O
wild	O
animals	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
made	O
many	O
people	O
suffer	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
themselves	O
will	O
suffer	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
their	O
pay	O
for	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
.	O


They	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
fun	O
to	O
do	O
evil	O
where	O
everyone	O
can	O
see	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
enjoy	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
that	O
please	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
are	O
like	O
dirty	O
spots	O
and	O
stains	O
among	O
you	O
--	O
they	O
bring	O
shame	O
to	O
you	O
in	O
the	O
meals	O
you	O
eat	O
together	O
.	O


Every	O
time	O
they	O
look	O
at	O
a	O
woman	O
,	O
they	O
want	O
her	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
always	O
sinning	O
this	O
way	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
lead	O
weaker	O
people	O
into	O
the	O
trap	O
of	O
sin	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
taught	O
themselves	O
well	O
to	O
be	O
greedy	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
under	O
a	O
curse	O
.	O


These	O
false	O
teachers	O
left	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
and	O
went	O
the	O
wrong	O
way	O
.	O


They	O
followed	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
that	O
the	O
prophet	O
Balaam	O
went	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Beor	O
,	O
who	O
loved	O
being	O
paid	O
for	O
doing	O
wrong	O
.	O


But	O
a	O
donkey	O
told	O
him	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
doing	O
wrong	O
.	O


A	O
donkey	O
can	O
not	O
talk	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
donkey	O
spoke	O
with	O
a	O
man	O
's	O
voice	O
and	O
stopped	O
the	O
prophet	O
from	O
acting	O
so	O
crazy	O
.	O


These	O
false	O
teachers	O
are	O
like	O
springs	O
that	O
have	O
no	O
water	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
like	O
clouds	O
that	O
are	O
blown	O
by	O
a	O
storm	O
.	O


A	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
deepest	O
darkness	O
has	O
been	O
kept	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
boast	O
with	O
words	O
that	O
mean	O
nothing	O
.	O


They	O
lead	O
people	O
into	O
the	O
trap	O
of	O
sin	O
.	O


They	O
find	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
just	O
escaped	O
from	O
a	O
wrong	O
way	O
of	O
life	O
and	O
lead	O
them	O
back	O
into	O
sin	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
this	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
people	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
in	O
their	O
human	O
weakness	O
.	O


These	O
false	O
teachers	O
promise	O
those	O
people	O
freedom	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
themselves	O
are	O
not	O
free	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
slaves	O
to	O
a	O
mind	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
ruined	O
by	O
sin	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
people	O
are	O
slaves	O
to	O
anything	O
that	O
controls	O
them	O
.	O


People	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
free	O
from	O
the	O
evil	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
free	O
by	O
knowing	O
our	O
Lord	O
and	O
Savior	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
they	O
go	O
back	O
into	O
those	O
evil	O
things	O
and	O
are	O
controlled	O
by	O
them	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
is	O
worse	O
for	O
them	O
than	O
it	O
was	O
before	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
have	O
never	O
known	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
.	O


That	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
than	O
to	O
know	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
and	O
then	O
to	O
turn	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
holy	O
teaching	O
that	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


What	O
they	O
did	O
is	O
like	O
these	O
true	O
sayings	O
:	O
``	O
A	O
dog	O
vomits	O
and	O
goes	O
back	O
to	O
what	O
it	O
threw	O
up	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
,	O
``	O
After	O
a	O
pig	O
is	O
washed	O
,	O
it	O
goes	O
back	O
and	O
rolls	O
in	O
the	O
mud	O
again	O
.	O
''	O


My	O
friends	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
second	O
letter	O
I	O
have	O
written	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
wrote	O
both	O
letters	O
to	O
you	O
to	O
help	O
your	O
honest	O
minds	O
remember	O
something	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
remember	O
the	O
words	O
that	O
the	O
holy	O
prophets	O
spoke	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


And	O
remember	O
the	O
command	O
that	O
our	O
Lord	O
and	O
Savior	O
gave	O
us	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
us	O
that	O
command	O
through	O
your	O
apostles	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
understand	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
days	O
.	O


People	O
will	O
laugh	O
at	O
you	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
live	O
following	O
the	O
evil	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Jesus	O
promised	O
to	O
come	O
again	O
.	O


Where	O
is	O
he	O
?	O


Our	O
fathers	O
have	O
died	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
world	O
continues	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
since	O
it	O
was	O
made	O
.	O
''	O


But	O
these	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
remember	O
what	O
happened	O
long	O
ago	O
.	O


The	O
skies	O
were	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
made	O
the	O
earth	O
from	O
water	O
and	O
with	O
water	O
.	O


All	O
this	O
happened	O
by	O
God	O
's	O
word	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
world	O
was	O
flooded	O
and	O
destroyed	O
with	O
water	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
same	O
word	O
of	O
God	O
is	O
keeping	O
the	O
skies	O
and	O
the	O
earth	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
now	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
being	O
kept	O
to	O
be	O
destroyed	O
by	O
fire	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
kept	O
for	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
judgment	O
and	O
the	O
destruction	O
of	O
all	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
against	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
forget	O
this	O
one	O
thing	O
,	O
dear	O
friends	O
:	O
To	O
the	O
Lord	O
a	O
day	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
thousand	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
thousand	O
years	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
day	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
is	O
not	O
being	O
slow	O
in	O
doing	O
what	O
he	O
promised	O
--	O
the	O
way	O
some	O
people	O
understand	O
slowness	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
is	O
being	O
patient	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
anyone	O
to	O
be	O
lost	O
.	O


He	O
wants	O
everyone	O
to	O
change	O
their	O
ways	O
and	O
stop	O
sinning	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
the	O
Lord	O
comes	O
again	O
will	O
surprise	O
everyone	O
like	O
the	O
coming	O
of	O
a	O
thief	O
.	O


The	O
sky	O
will	O
disappear	O
with	O
a	O
loud	O
noise	O
.	O


Everything	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
with	O
fire	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
earth	O
and	O
everything	O
in	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
burned	O
up	O
.	O


Everything	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
people	O
should	O
you	O
be	O
?	O


Your	O
lives	O
should	O
be	O
holy	O
and	O
devoted	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
be	O
looking	O
forward	O
to	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
wanting	O
more	O
than	O
anything	O
else	O
for	O
it	O
to	O
come	O
soon	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
comes	O
,	O
the	O
sky	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
with	O
fire	O
,	O
and	O
everything	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
will	O
melt	O
with	O
heat	O
.	O


But	O
God	O
made	O
a	O
promise	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
what	O
he	O
promised	O
--	O
a	O
new	O
sky	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
earth	O
.	O


That	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
goodness	O
lives	O
.	O


Dear	O
friends	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
this	O
to	O
happen	O
.	O


So	O
try	O
as	O
hard	O
as	O
you	O
can	O
to	O
be	O
without	O
sin	O
and	O
without	O
fault	O
.	O


Try	O
to	O
be	O
at	O
peace	O
with	O
God	O
.	O


Remember	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
saved	O
because	O
our	O
Lord	O
is	O
patient	O
.	O


Our	O
dear	O
brother	O
Paul	O
told	O
you	O
that	O
same	O
thing	O
when	O
he	O
wrote	O
to	O
you	O
with	O
the	O
wisdom	O
that	O
God	O
gave	O
him	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
he	O
says	O
in	O
all	O
his	O
letters	O
when	O
he	O
writes	O
about	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
parts	O
of	O
his	O
letters	O
that	O
are	O
hard	O
to	O
understand	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
people	O
give	O
a	O
wrong	O
meaning	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


These	O
people	O
are	O
ignorant	O
and	O
weak	O
in	O
faith	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
give	O
wrong	O
meanings	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
Scriptures	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
are	O
destroying	O
themselves	O
by	O
doing	O
that	O
.	O


Dear	O
friends	O
,	O
you	O
already	O
know	O
about	O
this	O
.	O


So	O
be	O
careful	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
let	O
these	O
evil	O
people	O
lead	O
you	O
away	O
by	O
the	O
wrong	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


Be	O
careful	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
not	O
fall	O
from	O
your	O
strong	O
faith	O
.	O


But	O
grow	O
in	O
the	O
grace	O
and	O
knowledge	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
and	O
Savior	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Glory	O
be	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
now	O
and	O
forever	O
!	O


Amen	O
.	O


We	O
want	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
about	O
the	O
Word	O
that	O
gives	O
life	O
--	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
existed	O
before	O
the	O
world	O
began	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
we	O
have	O
heard	O
and	O
have	O
seen	O
with	O
our	O
own	O
eyes	O
.	O


We	O
saw	O
what	O
he	O
did	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
hands	O
touched	O
him	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
life	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
saw	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
we	O
can	O
tell	O
others	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


We	O
now	O
tell	O
you	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
eternal	O
life	O
that	O
was	O
with	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
telling	O
you	O
about	O
what	O
we	O
have	O
seen	O
and	O
heard	O
because	O
we	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
have	O
fellowship	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


The	O
fellowship	O
we	O
share	O
together	O
is	O
with	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
his	O
Son	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


We	O
write	O
these	O
things	O
to	O
you	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
full	O
of	O
joy	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
heard	O
the	O
true	O
teaching	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


Now	O
we	O
tell	O
it	O
to	O
you	O
:	O
God	O
is	O
light	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
him	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
darkness	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
we	O
say	O
that	O
we	O
share	O
in	O
life	O
with	O
God	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
continue	O
living	O
in	O
darkness	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
liars	O
,	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
follow	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
,	O
where	O
God	O
is	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
fellowship	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
blood	O
sacrifice	O
of	O
Jesus	O
,	O
God	O
's	O
Son	O
,	O
washes	O
away	O
every	O
sin	O
and	O
makes	O
us	O
clean	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
say	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
no	O
sin	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
fooling	O
ourselves	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
truth	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
we	O
confess	O
our	O
sins	O
,	O
God	O
will	O
forgive	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
trust	O
God	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


He	O
always	O
does	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
make	O
us	O
clean	O
from	O
all	O
the	O
wrong	O
things	O
we	O
have	O
done	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
say	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
not	O
sinned	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
saying	O
that	O
God	O
is	O
a	O
liar	O
and	O
that	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
accept	O
his	O
true	O
teaching	O
.	O


My	O
dear	O
children	O
,	O
I	O
write	O
this	O
letter	O
to	O
you	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
sin	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
anyone	O
sins	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
to	O
help	O
us	O
.	O


He	O
always	O
did	O
what	O
was	O
right	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
defend	O
us	O
before	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
way	O
our	O
sins	O
are	O
taken	O
away	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
way	O
all	O
people	O
can	O
have	O
their	O
sins	O
taken	O
away	O
too	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
obey	O
what	O
God	O
has	O
told	O
us	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
are	O
sure	O
that	O
we	O
know	O
him	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
say	O
we	O
know	O
God	O
but	O
do	O
not	O
obey	O
his	O
commands	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
lying	O
.	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
we	O
obey	O
God	O
's	O
teaching	O
,	O
his	O
love	O
is	O
truly	O
working	O
in	O
us	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
how	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
living	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
say	O
we	O
live	O
in	O
God	O
,	O
we	O
must	O
live	O
the	O
way	O
Jesus	O
lived	O
.	O


My	O
dear	O
friends	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
writing	O
a	O
new	O
command	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
command	O
you	O
have	O
had	O
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


This	O
command	O
is	O
the	O
teaching	O
you	O
have	O
already	O
heard	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
I	O
write	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
new	O
command	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
true	O
one	O
;	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
its	O
truth	O
in	O
Jesus	O
and	O
in	O
yourselves	O
.	O


The	O
darkness	O
is	O
passing	O
away	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
true	O
light	O
is	O
already	O
shining	O
.	O


Someone	O
might	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
,	O
''	O
but	O
if	O
they	O
hate	O
any	O
of	O
their	O
brothers	O
or	O
sisters	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
family	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
darkness	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
love	O
their	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
nothing	O
in	O
them	O
that	O
will	O
make	O
them	O
do	O
wrong	O
.	O


But	O
whoever	O
hates	O
their	O
brother	O
or	O
sister	O
is	O
in	O
darkness	O
.	O


They	O
live	O
in	O
darkness	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
they	O
are	O
going	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
darkness	O
has	O
made	O
them	O
blind	O
.	O


I	O
write	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
dear	O
children	O
,	O
because	O
your	O
sins	O
are	O
forgiven	O
through	O
Christ	O
.	O


I	O
write	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
fathers	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
existed	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


I	O
write	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
young	O
people	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
defeated	O
the	O
Evil	O
One	O
.	O


I	O
write	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
children	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


I	O
write	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
fathers	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
existed	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


I	O
write	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
young	O
people	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
are	O
strong	O
.	O


The	O
word	O
of	O
God	O
lives	O
in	O
you	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
defeated	O
the	O
Evil	O
One	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
love	O
this	O
evil	O
world	O
or	O
the	O
things	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
love	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
you	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
love	O
of	O
the	O
Father	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
all	O
there	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
:	O
wanting	O
to	O
please	O
our	O
sinful	O
selves	O
,	O
wanting	O
the	O
sinful	O
things	O
we	O
see	O
,	O
and	O
being	O
too	O
proud	O
of	O
what	O
we	O
have	O
.	O


But	O
none	O
of	O
these	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


They	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
world	O
is	O
passing	O
away	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
people	O
want	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
are	O
passing	O
away	O
.	O


But	O
whoever	O
does	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
will	O
live	O
forever	O
.	O


My	O
dear	O
children	O
,	O
the	O
end	O
is	O
near	O
!	O


You	O
have	O
heard	O
that	O
the	O
enemy	O
of	O
Christ	O
is	O
coming	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
many	O
enemies	O
of	O
Christ	O
are	O
already	O
here	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
end	O
is	O
near	O
.	O


These	O
enemies	O
were	O
in	O
our	O
group	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
left	O
us	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
really	O
belong	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
were	O
really	O
part	O
of	O
our	O
group	O
,	O
they	O
would	O
have	O
stayed	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
left	O
.	O


This	O
shows	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
them	O
really	O
belonged	O
with	O
us	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
the	O
gift	O
that	O
the	O
Holy	O
One	O
gave	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
all	O
know	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
I	O
am	O
writing	O
this	O
letter	O
because	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
the	O
truth	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
writing	O
because	O
you	O
do	O
know	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
no	O
lie	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


So	O
who	O
is	O
the	O
liar	O
?	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
says	O
Jesus	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
Christ	O
.	O


Whoever	O
says	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
enemy	O
of	O
Christ	O
--	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
believe	O
in	O
the	O
Father	O
or	O
in	O
his	O
Son	O
.	O


Whoever	O
does	O
not	O
believe	O
in	O
the	O
Son	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
Father	O
,	O
but	O
whoever	O
accepts	O
the	O
Son	O
has	O
the	O
Father	O
too	O
.	O


Be	O
sure	O
that	O
you	O
continue	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
teaching	O
you	O
heard	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
that	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
always	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
Son	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
Father	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
Son	O
promised	O
us	O
--	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
writing	O
this	O
letter	O
about	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
lead	O
you	O
into	O
the	O
wrong	O
way	O
.	O


Christ	O
gave	O
you	O
a	O
special	O
gift	O
.	O


You	O
still	O
have	O
this	O
gift	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
anyone	O
to	O
teach	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
gift	O
he	O
gave	O
you	O
teaches	O
you	O
about	O
everything	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
true	O
gift	O
,	O
not	O
a	O
false	O
one	O
.	O


So	O
continue	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
Christ	O
,	O
as	O
his	O
gift	O
taught	O
you	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
my	O
dear	O
children	O
,	O
live	O
in	O
him	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
be	O
without	O
fear	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
Christ	O
comes	O
again	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
hide	O
and	O
be	O
ashamed	O
when	O
he	O
comes	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
Christ	O
always	O
did	O
what	O
was	O
right	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
children	O
.	O


The	O
Father	O
has	O
loved	O
us	O
so	O
much	O
!	O


This	O
shows	O
how	O
much	O
he	O
loved	O
us	O
:	O
We	O
are	O
called	O
children	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
really	O
are	O
his	O
children	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
children	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
have	O
not	O
known	O
him	O
.	O


Dear	O
friends	O
,	O
now	O
we	O
are	O
children	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
shown	O
what	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
when	O
Christ	O
comes	O
again	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
like	O
him	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
see	O
him	O
just	O
as	O
he	O
is	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
pure	O
,	O
and	O
everyone	O
who	O
has	O
this	O
hope	O
in	O
him	O
keeps	O
themselves	O
pure	O
like	O
Christ	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
sins	O
breaks	O
God	O
's	O
law	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
sinning	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
living	O
against	O
God	O
's	O
law	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
Christ	O
came	O
to	O
take	O
away	O
people	O
's	O
sins	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
sin	O
in	O
Christ	O
.	O


So	O
whoever	O
lives	O
in	O
Christ	O
does	O
not	O
continue	O
to	O
sin	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
continue	O
to	O
sin	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
never	O
really	O
understood	O
Christ	O
and	O
have	O
never	O
known	O
him	O
.	O


Dear	O
children	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
let	O
anyone	O
lead	O
you	O
into	O
the	O
wrong	O
way	O
.	O


Christ	O
always	O
did	O
what	O
was	O
right	O
.	O


So	O
to	O
be	O
good	O
like	O
Christ	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O


The	O
devil	O
has	O
been	O
sinning	O
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
continues	O
to	O
sin	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
devil	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
came	O
for	O
this	O
:	O
to	O
destroy	O
the	O
devil	O
's	O
work	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
children	O
do	O
not	O
continue	O
to	O
sin	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
new	O
life	O
God	O
gave	O
them	O
stays	O
in	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
not	O
keep	O
sinning	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
have	O
become	O
children	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
can	O
see	O
who	O
God	O
's	O
children	O
are	O
and	O
who	O
the	O
devil	O
's	O
children	O
are	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
God	O
's	O
children	O
:	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
love	O
their	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
family	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
teaching	O
you	O
have	O
heard	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
:	O
We	O
must	O
love	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
like	O
Cain	O
.	O


He	O
belonged	O
to	O
the	O
Evil	O
One	O
.	O


Cain	O
killed	O
his	O
brother	O
.	O


But	O
why	O
did	O
he	O
kill	O
him	O
?	O


Because	O
what	O
Cain	O
did	O
was	O
evil	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
his	O
brother	O
did	O
was	O
good	O
.	O


Brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
surprised	O
when	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
this	O
world	O
hate	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
left	O
death	O
and	O
have	O
come	O
into	O
life	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
this	O
because	O
we	O
love	O
each	O
other	O
as	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
love	O
is	O
still	O
in	O
death	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
hates	O
a	O
fellow	O
believer	O
is	O
a	O
murderer	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
no	O
murderer	O
has	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
how	O
we	O
know	O
what	O
real	O
love	O
is	O
:	O
Jesus	O
gave	O
his	O
life	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
should	O
give	O
our	O
lives	O
for	O
each	O
other	O
as	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
.	O


Suppose	O
a	O
believer	O
who	O
is	O
rich	O
enough	O
to	O
have	O
all	O
the	O
necessities	O
of	O
life	O
sees	O
a	O
fellow	O
believer	O
who	O
is	O
poor	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
even	O
basic	O
needs	O
.	O


What	O
if	O
the	O
rich	O
believer	O
does	O
not	O
help	O
the	O
poor	O
one	O
?	O


Then	O
it	O
is	O
clear	O
that	O
God	O
's	O
love	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
that	O
person	O
's	O
heart	O
.	O


My	O
children	O
,	O
our	O
love	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
only	O
words	O
and	O
talk	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
our	O
love	O
must	O
be	O
real	O
.	O


We	O
must	O
show	O
our	O
love	O
by	O
the	O
things	O
we	O
do	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
how	O
we	O
know	O
we	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
truth	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
our	O
hearts	O
make	O
us	O
feel	O
guilty	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
still	O
have	O
peace	O
before	O
God	O
,	O
because	O
God	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
our	O
hearts	O
.	O


He	O
knows	O
everything	O
.	O


My	O
dear	O
friends	O
,	O
if	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
feel	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
doing	O
wrong	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
be	O
without	O
fear	O
when	O
we	O
come	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
gives	O
us	O
what	O
we	O
ask	O
for	O
.	O


We	O
receive	O
it	O
because	O
we	O
obey	O
God	O
's	O
commands	O
and	O
do	O
what	O
pleases	O
him	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
commands	O
:	O
that	O
we	O
believe	O
in	O
his	O
Son	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
we	O
love	O
each	O
other	O
as	O
he	O
commanded	O
.	O


All	O
who	O
obey	O
God	O
's	O
commands	O
live	O
in	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
lives	O
in	O
them	O
.	O


How	O
do	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
God	O
lives	O
in	O
us	O
?	O


We	O
know	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
Spirit	O
he	O
gave	O
us	O
.	O


My	O
dear	O
friends	O
,	O
many	O
false	O
prophets	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
now	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
every	O
spirit	O
,	O
but	O
test	O
the	O
spirits	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
how	O
you	O
can	O
recognize	O
God	O
's	O
Spirit	O
.	O


One	O
spirit	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
believe	O
that	O
Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
Christ	O
who	O
came	O
to	O
earth	O
and	O
became	O
a	O
man	O
.	O
''	O


That	O
Spirit	O
is	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


Another	O
spirit	O
refuses	O
to	O
say	O
this	O
about	O
Jesus	O
.	O


That	O
spirit	O
is	O
not	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
the	O
enemy	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
heard	O
that	O
the	O
enemy	O
of	O
Christ	O
is	O
coming	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
he	O
is	O
already	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


My	O
dear	O
children	O
,	O
you	O
belong	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
so	O
you	O
have	O
already	O
defeated	O
these	O
false	O
prophets	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
because	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
in	O
you	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
so	O
what	O
they	O
say	O
is	O
from	O
the	O
world	O
too	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
world	O
listens	O
to	O
what	O
they	O
say	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
are	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
know	O
God	O
listen	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
from	O
God	O
do	O
n't	O
listen	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
how	O
we	O
know	O
the	O
Spirit	O
that	O
is	O
true	O
and	O
the	O
spirit	O
that	O
is	O
false	O
.	O


Dear	O
friends	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
love	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
because	O
love	O
comes	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
loves	O
has	O
become	O
God	O
's	O
child	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
everyone	O
who	O
loves	O
knows	O
God	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
love	O
does	O
not	O
know	O
God	O
,	O
because	O
God	O
is	O
love	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
how	O
God	O
showed	O
his	O
love	O
to	O
us	O
:	O
He	O
sent	O
his	O
only	O
Son	O
into	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
give	O
us	O
life	O
through	O
him	O
.	O


True	O
love	O
is	O
God	O
's	O
love	O
for	O
us	O
,	O
not	O
our	O
love	O
for	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
sent	O
his	O
Son	O
as	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
take	O
away	O
our	O
sins	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
how	O
much	O
God	O
loved	O
us	O
,	O
dear	O
friends	O
!	O


So	O
we	O
also	O
must	O
love	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
has	O
ever	O
seen	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
we	O
love	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
God	O
lives	O
in	O
us	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
love	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
God	O
's	O
love	O
has	O
reached	O
its	O
goal	O
--	O
it	O
is	O
made	O
perfect	O
in	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
we	O
live	O
in	O
God	O
and	O
God	O
lives	O
in	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
this	O
because	O
he	O
gave	O
us	O
his	O
Spirit	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
seen	O
that	O
the	O
Father	O
sent	O
his	O
Son	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
Savior	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
we	O
tell	O
people	O
now	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
believe	O
that	O
Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
''	O
is	O
a	O
person	O
who	O
lives	O
in	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
lives	O
in	O
that	O
person	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
know	O
the	O
love	O
that	O
God	O
has	O
for	O
us	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
trust	O
that	O
love	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
love	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
lives	O
in	O
love	O
lives	O
in	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
lives	O
in	O
them	O
.	O


If	O
God	O
's	O
love	O
is	O
made	O
perfect	O
in	O
us	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
be	O
without	O
fear	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
God	O
judges	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
be	O
without	O
fear	O
,	O
because	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
we	O
are	O
like	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Where	O
God	O
's	O
love	O
is	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
fear	O
,	O
because	O
God	O
's	O
perfect	O
love	O
takes	O
away	O
fear	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
his	O
punishment	O
that	O
makes	O
a	O
person	O
fear	O
.	O


So	O
his	O
love	O
is	O
not	O
made	O
perfect	O
in	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
fear	O
.	O


We	O
love	O
because	O
God	O
first	O
loved	O
us	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
say	O
we	O
love	O
God	O
but	O
hate	O
any	O
of	O
our	O
brothers	O
or	O
sisters	O
in	O
his	O
family	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
liars	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
love	O
someone	O
we	O
have	O
seen	O
,	O
how	O
can	O
we	O
love	O
God	O
?	O


We	O
have	O
never	O
even	O
seen	O
him	O
.	O


God	O
gave	O
us	O
this	O
command	O
:	O
If	O
we	O
love	O
God	O
,	O
we	O
must	O
also	O
love	O
each	O
other	O
as	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
who	O
believe	O
that	O
Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
Christ	O
are	O
God	O
's	O
children	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
loves	O
the	O
Father	O
also	O
loves	O
the	O
Father	O
's	O
children	O
.	O


How	O
do	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
we	O
love	O
God	O
's	O
children	O
?	O


We	O
know	O
because	O
we	O
love	O
God	O
and	O
we	O
obey	O
his	O
commands	O
.	O


Loving	O
God	O
means	O
obeying	O
his	O
commands	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
's	O
commands	O
are	O
not	O
too	O
hard	O
for	O
us	O
,	O
because	O
everyone	O
who	O
is	O
a	O
child	O
of	O
God	O
has	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
win	O
against	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
our	O
faith	O
that	O
has	O
won	O
the	O
victory	O
against	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


So	O
who	O
wins	O
against	O
the	O
world	O
?	O


Only	O
those	O
who	O
believe	O
that	O
Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


Jesus	O
Christ	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
came	O
.	O


He	O
came	O
with	O
water	O
and	O
with	O
blood	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
come	O
by	O
water	O
only	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
Jesus	O
came	O
by	O
both	O
water	O
and	O
blood	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Spirit	O
tells	O
us	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


The	O
Spirit	O
is	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


So	O
there	O
are	O
three	O
witnesses	O
that	O
tell	O
us	O
about	O
Jesus	O
:	O
the	O
Spirit	O
,	O
the	O
water	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
blood	O
.	O


These	O
three	O
witnesses	O
agree	O
.	O


We	O
believe	O
people	O
when	O
they	O
say	O
something	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
God	O
says	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
told	O
us	O
:	O
He	O
told	O
us	O
the	O
truth	O
about	O
his	O
own	O
Son	O
.	O


Whoever	O
believes	O
in	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
has	O
the	O
truth	O
that	O
God	O
told	O
us	O
.	O


But	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
believe	O
God	O
make	O
God	O
a	O
liar	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
believe	O
what	O
God	O
told	O
us	O
about	O
his	O
Son	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
God	O
told	O
us	O
:	O
God	O
has	O
given	O
us	O
eternal	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
life	O
is	O
in	O
his	O
Son	O
.	O


Whoever	O
has	O
the	O
Son	O
has	O
life	O
,	O
but	O
whoever	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
life	O
.	O


I	O
write	O
this	O
letter	O
to	O
you	O
who	O
believe	O
in	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


I	O
write	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
eternal	O
life	O
now	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
come	O
to	O
God	O
with	O
no	O
doubts	O
.	O


This	O
means	O
that	O
when	O
we	O
ask	O
God	O
for	O
things	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
those	O
things	O
agree	O
with	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
for	O
us	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
God	O
cares	O
about	O
what	O
we	O
say	O
.	O


He	O
listens	O
to	O
us	O
every	O
time	O
we	O
ask	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
he	O
gives	O
us	O
whatever	O
we	O
ask	O
from	O
him	O
.	O


Suppose	O
you	O
see	O
your	O
fellow	O
believer	O
sinning	O
-LRB-	O
sin	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
lead	O
to	O
eternal	O
death	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
pray	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


Then	O
God	O
will	O
give	O
them	O
life	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
talking	O
about	O
people	O
whose	O
sin	O
does	O
not	O
lead	O
to	O
eternal	O
death	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
sin	O
that	O
leads	O
to	O
death	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
mean	O
that	O
you	O
should	O
pray	O
about	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
sin	O
.	O


Doing	O
wrong	O
is	O
always	O
sin	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
sin	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
lead	O
to	O
eternal	O
death	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
God	O
's	O
children	O
do	O
not	O
continue	O
to	O
sin	O
.	O


The	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
keeps	O
them	O
safe	O
.	O


The	O
Evil	O
One	O
can	O
not	O
hurt	O
them	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
we	O
belong	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Evil	O
One	O
controls	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
has	O
come	O
and	O
has	O
given	O
us	O
understanding	O
.	O


So	O
now	O
we	O
can	O
know	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
true	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
live	O
in	O
that	O
true	O
God	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
in	O
his	O
Son	O
,	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
true	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
dear	O
children	O
,	O
keep	O
yourselves	O
away	O
from	O
false	O
gods	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
the	O
Elder	O
.	O


To	O
the	O
lady	O
chosen	O
by	O
God	O
and	O
to	O
her	O
children	O
.	O


I	O
truly	O
love	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
.	O


All	O
those	O
who	O
know	O
the	O
truth	O
love	O
you	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
.	O


We	O
love	O
you	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
truth	O
--	O
the	O
truth	O
that	O
lives	O
in	O
us	O
.	O


That	O
truth	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
us	O
forever	O
.	O


Grace	O
,	O
mercy	O
,	O
and	O
peace	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
us	O
from	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
from	O
his	O
Son	O
,	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
,	O
as	O
we	O
live	O
in	O
truth	O
and	O
love	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
very	O
happy	O
to	O
learn	O
about	O
some	O
of	O
your	O
children	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
happy	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
following	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
truth	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
Father	O
commanded	O
us	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
,	O
dear	O
lady	O
,	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
:	O
We	O
should	O
all	O
love	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
new	O
command	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
command	O
we	O
had	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


And	O
loving	O
means	O
living	O
the	O
way	O
he	O
commanded	O
us	O
to	O
live	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
's	O
command	O
is	O
this	O
:	O
that	O
you	O
live	O
a	O
life	O
of	O
love	O
.	O


You	O
heard	O
this	O
command	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


Many	O
false	O
teachers	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
now	O
.	O


They	O
refuse	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
came	O
to	O
earth	O
and	O
became	O
a	O
man	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
refuses	O
to	O
accept	O
this	O
fact	O
is	O
a	O
false	O
teacher	O
and	O
the	O
enemy	O
of	O
Christ	O
.	O


Be	O
careful	O
!	O


Do	O
n't	O
lose	O
the	O
reward	O
you	O
have	O
worked	O
for	O
.	O


Be	O
careful	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
receive	O
all	O
of	O
your	O
reward	O
.	O


Everyone	O
must	O
continue	O
to	O
follow	O
only	O
the	O
teaching	O
about	O
Christ	O
.	O


Whoever	O
changes	O
that	O
teaching	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
whoever	O
continues	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
teaching	O
about	O
Christ	O
has	O
both	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
his	O
Son	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
accept	O
those	O
who	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
but	O
do	O
not	O
bring	O
this	O
teaching	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
invite	O
them	O
into	O
your	O
house	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
welcome	O
them	O
in	O
any	O
way	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
helping	O
them	O
with	O
their	O
evil	O
work	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
much	O
to	O
say	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
use	O
paper	O
and	O
ink	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
I	O
hope	O
to	O
come	O
visit	O
you	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
can	O
be	O
together	O
and	O
talk	O
.	O


That	O
will	O
make	O
us	O
very	O
happy	O
.	O


The	O
children	O
of	O
your	O
sister	O
who	O
was	O
chosen	O
by	O
God	O
send	O
you	O
their	O
love	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
the	O
Elder	O
.	O


To	O
my	O
dear	O
friend	O
Gaius	O
,	O
a	O
person	O
I	O
truly	O
love	O
.	O


My	O
dear	O
friend	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
doing	O
well	O
spiritually	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
pray	O
that	O
everything	O
else	O
is	O
going	O
well	O
with	O
you	O
and	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
enjoying	O
good	O
health	O
.	O


Some	O
believers	O
came	O
and	O
told	O
me	O
about	O
the	O
truth	O
in	O
your	O
life	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
me	O
that	O
you	O
continue	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
truth	O
.	O


This	O
made	O
me	O
very	O
happy	O
.	O


It	O
always	O
gives	O
me	O
the	O
greatest	O
joy	O
when	O
I	O
hear	O
that	O
my	O
children	O
are	O
following	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
truth	O
.	O


My	O
dear	O
friend	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
good	O
that	O
you	O
continue	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
believers	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
people	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
know	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
the	O
church	O
about	O
the	O
love	O
you	O
have	O
.	O


Please	O
help	O
them	O
to	O
continue	O
their	O
trip	O
.	O


Help	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
will	O
please	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
on	O
their	O
trip	O
to	O
serve	O
Christ	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
accept	O
any	O
help	O
from	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
believers	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
should	O
help	O
them	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
help	O
them	O
,	O
we	O
share	O
with	O
their	O
work	O
for	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


I	O
wrote	O
a	O
letter	O
to	O
the	O
church	O
,	O
but	O
Diotrephes	O
will	O
not	O
listen	O
to	O
what	O
we	O
say	O
.	O


He	O
always	O
wants	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
leader	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
come	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
talk	O
with	O
him	O
about	O
what	O
he	O
is	O
doing	O
.	O


He	O
lies	O
and	O
says	O
evil	O
things	O
about	O
us	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
all	O
.	O


He	O
refuses	O
to	O
welcome	O
and	O
help	O
the	O
believers	O
who	O
travel	O
there	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
let	O
anyone	O
else	O
help	O
them	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
do	O
,	O
he	O
makes	O
them	O
leave	O
the	O
church	O
.	O


My	O
dear	O
friend	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
follow	O
what	O
is	O
bad	O
;	O
follow	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
.	O


Whoever	O
does	O
what	O
is	O
good	O
is	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


But	O
whoever	O
does	O
evil	O
has	O
never	O
known	O
God	O
.	O


Everyone	O
says	O
good	O
things	O
about	O
Demetrius	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
truth	O
agrees	O
with	O
what	O
they	O
say	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
we	O
say	O
good	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
what	O
we	O
say	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
many	O
things	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
use	O
pen	O
and	O
ink	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
to	O
visit	O
you	O
soon	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
can	O
be	O
together	O
and	O
talk	O
.	O


Peace	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
friends	O
here	O
with	O
me	O
send	O
their	O
love	O
.	O


Please	O
give	O
our	O
love	O
to	O
each	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
friends	O
there	O
.	O


Greetings	O
from	O
Jude	O
,	O
a	O
servant	O
of	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
and	O
a	O
brother	O
of	O
James	O
.	O


To	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
chosen	O
and	O
are	O
loved	O
by	O
God	O
the	O
Father	O
and	O
have	O
been	O
kept	O
safe	O
in	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Mercy	O
,	O
peace	O
,	O
and	O
love	O
be	O
yours	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
.	O


Dear	O
friends	O
,	O
I	O
wanted	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
write	O
to	O
you	O
about	O
the	O
salvation	O
we	O
all	O
share	O
together	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
felt	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
write	O
to	O
you	O
about	O
something	O
else	O
:	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
encourage	O
you	O
to	O
fight	O
hard	O
for	O
the	O
faith	O
that	O
God	O
gave	O
his	O
holy	O
people	O
.	O


God	O
gave	O
this	O
faith	O
once	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
good	O
for	O
all	O
time	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
have	O
secretly	O
entered	O
your	O
group	O
.	O


These	O
people	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
judged	O
guilty	O
for	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
doing	O
.	O


Long	O
ago	O
the	O
prophets	O
wrote	O
about	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
against	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
used	O
the	O
grace	O
of	O
our	O
God	O
in	O
the	O
wrong	O
way	O
--	O
to	O
do	O
sinful	O
things	O
.	O


They	O
refuse	O
to	O
follow	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
,	O
our	O
only	O
Master	O
and	O
Lord	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
remember	O
some	O
things	O
you	O
already	O
know	O
:	O
Remember	O
that	O
the	O
Lord	O
saved	O
his	O
people	O
by	O
bringing	O
them	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
land	O
of	O
Egypt	O
.	O


But	O
later	O
he	O
destroyed	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
.	O


And	O
remember	O
the	O
angels	O
who	O
lost	O
their	O
authority	O
to	O
rule	O
.	O


They	O
left	O
their	O
proper	O
home	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
Lord	O
has	O
kept	O
them	O
in	O
darkness	O
,	O
bound	O
with	O
everlasting	O
chains	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
judged	O
on	O
the	O
great	O
day	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
remember	O
the	O
cities	O
of	O
Sodom	O
and	O
Gomorrah	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
towns	O
around	O
them	O
.	O


Like	O
those	O
angels	O
they	O
were	O
full	O
of	O
sexual	O
sin	O
and	O
involved	O
themselves	O
in	O
sexual	O
relations	O
that	O
are	O
wrong	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
suffer	O
the	O
punishment	O
of	O
eternal	O
fire	O
,	O
an	O
example	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
with	O
these	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
entered	O
your	O
group	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
guided	O
by	O
dreams	O
.	O


They	O
make	O
themselves	O
dirty	O
with	O
sin	O
.	O


They	O
reject	O
God	O
's	O
authority	O
and	O
say	O
bad	O
things	O
against	O
the	O
glorious	O
ones	O
.	O


Not	O
even	O
the	O
archangel	O
Michael	O
did	O
this	O
.	O


Michael	O
argued	O
with	O
the	O
devil	O
about	O
who	O
would	O
have	O
the	O
body	O
of	O
Moses	O
.	O


But	O
Michael	O
did	O
not	O
dare	O
to	O
condemn	O
even	O
the	O
devil	O
for	O
his	O
false	O
accusations	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
Michael	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
Lord	O
punish	O
you	O
!	O
''	O


But	O
these	O
people	O
criticize	O
things	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
understand	O
some	O
things	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
understand	O
these	O
things	O
not	O
by	O
thinking	O
,	O
but	O
by	O
feeling	O
,	O
the	O
way	O
dumb	O
animals	O
understand	O
things	O
.	O


And	O
these	O
are	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
destroy	O
them	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
bad	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
followed	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
Cain	O
went	O
.	O


To	O
make	O
money	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
given	O
themselves	O
to	O
following	O
the	O
wrong	O
way	O
that	O
Balaam	O
went	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
fought	O
against	O
God	O
like	O
Korah	O
did	O
.	O


And	O
like	O
Korah	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
.	O


These	O
people	O
are	O
like	O
dirty	O
spots	O
among	O
you	O
--	O
they	O
bring	O
shame	O
to	O
you	O
in	O
the	O
special	O
meals	O
you	O
share	O
together	O
.	O


They	O
eat	O
with	O
you	O
and	O
have	O
no	O
fear	O
.	O


They	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
only	O
themselves	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
like	O
clouds	O
without	O
rain	O
.	O


The	O
wind	O
blows	O
them	O
around	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
like	O
trees	O
that	O
have	O
no	O
fruit	O
at	O
harvest	O
time	O
and	O
are	O
pulled	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
are	O
twice	O
dead	O
.	O


Like	O
the	O
dirty	O
foam	O
on	O
the	O
wild	O
waves	O
in	O
the	O
sea	O
,	O
everyone	O
can	O
see	O
the	O
shameful	O
things	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
like	O
stars	O
that	O
wander	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
.	O


A	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
blackest	O
darkness	O
has	O
been	O
kept	O
for	O
them	O
forever	O
.	O


Enoch	O
,	O
the	O
seventh	O
descendant	O
from	O
Adam	O
,	O
said	O
this	O
about	O
these	O
people	O
:	O
``	O
Look	O
,	O
the	O
Lord	O
is	O
coming	O
with	O
thousands	O
and	O
thousands	O
of	O
his	O
holy	O
angels	O
to	O
judge	O
everyone	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
punish	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
against	O
him	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
evil	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
in	O
their	O
lack	O
of	O
respect	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
the	O
Lord	O
will	O
punish	O
all	O
these	O
sinners	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
honor	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
punish	O
them	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
they	O
have	O
said	O
against	O
him	O
.	O
''	O


These	O
people	O
always	O
complain	O
and	O
find	O
wrong	O
in	O
others	O
.	O


They	O
always	O
do	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


They	O
boast	O
about	O
themselves	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
reason	O
they	O
say	O
good	O
things	O
about	O
others	O
is	O
to	O
get	O
what	O
they	O
want	O
.	O


Dear	O
friends	O
,	O
remember	O
what	O
the	O
apostles	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
said	O
would	O
happen	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
you	O
,	O
``	O
In	O
the	O
last	O
times	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
people	O
who	O
laugh	O
at	O
God	O
and	O
do	O
only	O
what	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
--	O
things	O
that	O
are	O
against	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
divide	O
you	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
not	O
spiritual	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
Spirit	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
,	O
dear	O
friends	O
,	O
use	O
your	O
most	O
holy	O
faith	O
to	O
build	O
yourselves	O
up	O
even	O
stronger	O
.	O


Pray	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
the	O
Holy	O
Spirit	O
.	O


Keep	O
yourselves	O
safe	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
love	O
,	O
as	O
you	O
wait	O
for	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
in	O
his	O
mercy	O
to	O
give	O
you	O
eternal	O
life	O
.	O


Help	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
doubts	O
.	O


Rescue	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
living	O
in	O
danger	O
of	O
hell	O
's	O
fire	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
others	O
you	O
should	O
treat	O
with	O
mercy	O
,	O
but	O
be	O
very	O
careful	O
that	O
their	O
filthy	O
lives	O
do	O
n't	O
rub	O
off	O
on	O
you	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
strong	O
and	O
can	O
keep	O
you	O
from	O
falling	O
.	O


He	O
can	O
bring	O
you	O
before	O
his	O
glory	O
without	O
any	O
wrong	O
in	O
you	O
and	O
give	O
you	O
great	O
joy	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
God	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
saves	O
us	O
.	O


To	O
him	O
be	O
glory	O
,	O
greatness	O
,	O
power	O
,	O
and	O
authority	O
through	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
our	O
Lord	O
for	O
all	O
time	O
past	O
,	O
now	O
,	O
and	O
forever	O
.	O


Amen	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
revelation	O
from	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
,	O
which	O
God	O
gave	O
him	O
to	O
show	O
his	O
servants	O
what	O
must	O
happen	O
soon	O
.	O


And	O
Christ	O
sent	O
his	O
angel	O
to	O
show	O
it	O
to	O
his	O
servant	O
John	O
,	O
who	O
has	O
told	O
everything	O
he	O
saw	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
truth	O
that	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
told	O
him	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
message	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
reads	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
this	O
message	O
from	O
God	O
and	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
hear	O
this	O
message	O
and	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
not	O
much	O
time	O
left	O
.	O


>	O
From	O
John	O
,	O
To	O
the	O
seven	O
churches	O
in	O
the	O
province	O
of	O
Asia	O
:	O
Grace	O
and	O
peace	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
,	O
who	O
always	O
was	O
,	O
and	O
who	O
is	O
coming	O
;	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
seven	O
spirits	O
before	O
his	O
throne	O
;	O
and	O
from	O
Jesus	O
Christ	O
.	O


Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
faithful	O
witness	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
first	O
among	O
all	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
raised	O
from	O
death	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
ruler	O
of	O
the	O
kings	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
loves	O
us	O
and	O
has	O
made	O
us	O
free	O
from	O
our	O
sins	O
with	O
his	O
blood	O
sacrifice	O
.	O


He	O
made	O
us	O
his	O
kingdom	O
and	O
priests	O
who	O
serve	O
God	O
his	O
Father	O
.	O


To	O
Jesus	O
be	O
glory	O
and	O
power	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
!	O


Amen	O
.	O


Look	O
,	O
Jesus	O
is	O
coming	O
with	O
the	O
clouds	O
!	O


Everyone	O
will	O
see	O
him	O
,	O
even	O
those	O
who	O
pierced	O
him	O
.	O


All	O
peoples	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
will	O
cry	O
loudly	O
because	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
this	O
will	O
happen	O
!	O


Amen	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
God	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
Alpha	O
and	O
the	O
Omega	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
,	O
who	O
always	O
was	O
,	O
and	O
who	O
is	O
coming	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
All	O
-	O
Powerful	O
.	O
''	O


I	O
am	O
John	O
,	O
your	O
fellow	O
believer	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
together	O
in	O
Jesus	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
share	O
these	O
things	O
:	O
suffering	O
,	O
the	O
kingdom	O
,	O
and	O
patient	O
endurance	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
Patmos	O
because	O
I	O
was	O
faithful	O
to	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
truth	O
of	O
Jesus	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
Day	O
,	O
the	O
Spirit	O
took	O
control	O
of	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
heard	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
behind	O
me	O
that	O
sounded	O
like	O
a	O
trumpet	O
.	O


It	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Write	O
down	O
in	O
a	O
book	O
what	O
you	O
see	O
,	O
and	O
send	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
seven	O
churches	O
:	O
to	O
Ephesus	O
,	O
Smyrna	O
,	O
Pergamum	O
,	O
Thyatira	O
,	O
Sardis	O
,	O
Philadelphia	O
,	O
and	O
Laodicea	O
.	O
''	O


I	O
turned	O
to	O
see	O
who	O
was	O
talking	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
turned	O
,	O
I	O
saw	O
seven	O
golden	O
lampstands	O
.	O


I	O
saw	O
someone	O
among	O
the	O
lampstands	O
who	O
looked	O
like	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
dressed	O
in	O
a	O
long	O
robe	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
golden	O
sash	O
tied	O
around	O
his	O
chest	O
.	O


His	O
head	O
and	O
hair	O
were	O
white	O
like	O
wool	O
--	O
wool	O
that	O
is	O
white	O
as	O
snow	O
.	O


His	O
eyes	O
were	O
like	O
flames	O
of	O
fire	O
.	O


His	O
feet	O
were	O
like	O
brass	O
that	O
glows	O
hot	O
in	O
a	O
furnace	O
.	O


His	O
voice	O
was	O
like	O
the	O
noise	O
of	O
flooding	O
water	O
.	O


He	O
held	O
seven	O
stars	O
in	O
his	O
right	O
hand	O
.	O


A	O
sharp	O
two	O
-	O
edged	O
sword	O
came	O
out	O
of	O
his	O
mouth	O
.	O


He	O
looked	O
like	O
the	O
sun	O
shining	O
at	O
its	O
brightest	O
time	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
saw	O
him	O
,	O
I	O
fell	O
down	O
at	O
his	O
feet	O
like	O
a	O
dead	O
man	O
.	O


He	O
put	O
his	O
right	O
hand	O
on	O
me	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
!	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
First	O
and	O
the	O
Last	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
lives	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
dead	O
,	O
but	O
look	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
alive	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
!	O


And	O
I	O
hold	O
the	O
keys	O
of	O
death	O
and	O
Hades	O
.	O


So	O
write	O
what	O
you	O
see	O
.	O


Write	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
happen	O
now	O
and	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
will	O
happen	O
later	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
the	O
hidden	O
meaning	O
of	O
the	O
seven	O
stars	O
that	O
you	O
saw	O
in	O
my	O
right	O
hand	O
and	O
the	O
seven	O
golden	O
lampstands	O
that	O
you	O
saw	O
:	O
The	O
seven	O
lampstands	O
are	O
the	O
seven	O
churches	O
.	O


The	O
seven	O
stars	O
are	O
the	O
angels	O
of	O
the	O
seven	O
churches	O
.	O


``	O
Write	O
this	O
to	O
the	O
angel	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
in	O
Ephesus	O
:	O
``	O
Here	O
is	O
a	O
message	O
from	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
holds	O
the	O
seven	O
stars	O
in	O
his	O
right	O
hand	O
and	O
walks	O
among	O
the	O
seven	O
golden	O
lampstands	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
know	O
what	O
you	O
do	O
,	O
how	O
hard	O
you	O
work	O
and	O
never	O
give	O
up	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
accept	O
evil	O
people	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
tested	O
those	O
who	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
apostles	O
but	O
are	O
not	O
.	O


You	O
found	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
liars	O
.	O


You	O
never	O
stop	O
trying	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
endured	O
troubles	O
for	O
my	O
name	O
and	O
have	O
not	O
given	O
up	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
I	O
have	O
this	O
against	O
you	O
:	O
You	O
have	O
left	O
the	O
love	O
you	O
had	O
in	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


So	O
remember	O
where	O
you	O
were	O
before	O
you	O
fell	O
.	O


Change	O
your	O
hearts	O
and	O
do	O
what	O
you	O
did	O
at	O
first	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
change	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
remove	O
your	O
lampstand	O
from	O
its	O
place	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
something	O
you	O
do	O
that	O
is	O
right	O
--	O


you	O
hate	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
the	O
Nicolaitans	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
also	O
hate	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


``	O
Everyone	O
who	O
hears	O
this	O
should	O
listen	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
Spirit	O
says	O
to	O
the	O
churches	O
.	O


To	O
those	O
who	O
win	O
the	O
victory	O
I	O
will	O
give	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
eat	O
the	O
fruit	O
from	O
the	O
tree	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
in	O
God	O
's	O
paradise	O
.	O


``	O
Write	O
this	O
to	O
the	O
angel	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
in	O
Smyrna	O
:	O
``	O
Here	O
is	O
a	O
message	O
from	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
the	O
First	O
and	O
the	O
Last	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
died	O
and	O
came	O
to	O
life	O
again	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
know	O
your	O
troubles	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
poor	O
,	O
but	O
really	O
you	O
are	O
rich	O
!	O


I	O
know	O
the	O
insults	O
you	O
have	O
suffered	O
from	O
people	O
who	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
Jews	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
true	O
Jews	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
a	O
group	O
that	O
belongs	O
to	O
Satan	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O
of	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
the	O
devil	O
will	O
put	O
some	O
of	O
you	O
in	O
prison	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
do	O
this	O
to	O
test	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
suffer	O
for	O
ten	O
days	O
,	O
but	O
be	O
faithful	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
die	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
faithful	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
the	O
crown	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


``	O
Everyone	O
who	O
hears	O
this	O
should	O
listen	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
Spirit	O
says	O
to	O
the	O
churches	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
win	O
the	O
victory	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
hurt	O
by	O
the	O
second	O
death	O
.	O


``	O
Write	O
this	O
to	O
the	O
angel	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
in	O
Pergamum	O
:	O
``	O
Here	O
is	O
a	O
message	O
from	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
the	O
sharp	O
two	O
-	O
edged	O
sword	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
know	O
where	O
you	O
live	O
.	O


You	O
live	O
where	O
Satan	O
has	O
his	O
throne	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
are	O
true	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
did	O
not	O
refuse	O
to	O
tell	O
about	O
your	O
faith	O
in	O
me	O
even	O
during	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Antipas	O
.	O


Antipas	O
was	O
my	O
faithful	O
witness	O
who	O
was	O
killed	O
in	O
your	O
city	O
,	O
the	O
city	O
where	O
Satan	O
lives	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
few	O
things	O
against	O
you	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
people	O
there	O
who	O
follow	O
the	O
teaching	O
of	O
Balaam	O
.	O


Balaam	O
taught	O
Balak	O
how	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
sin	O
.	O


They	O
sinned	O
by	O
eating	O
food	O
offered	O
to	O
idols	O
and	O
by	O
committing	O
sexual	O
sins	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
in	O
your	O
group	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
people	O
who	O
follow	O
the	O
teaching	O
of	O
the	O
Nicolaitans	O
.	O


So	O
change	O
your	O
hearts	O
!	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
change	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
quickly	O
and	O
fight	O
against	O
these	O
people	O
with	O
the	O
sword	O
that	O
comes	O
out	O
of	O
my	O
mouth	O
.	O


``	O
Everyone	O
who	O
hears	O
this	O
should	O
listen	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
Spirit	O
says	O
to	O
the	O
churches	O
!	O


``	O
I	O
will	O
give	O
the	O
hidden	O
manna	O
to	O
everyone	O
who	O
wins	O
the	O
victory	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
also	O
give	O
each	O
one	O
a	O
white	O
stone	O
that	O
has	O
a	O
new	O
name	O
written	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
no	O
one	O
will	O
know	O
this	O
name	O
except	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
gets	O
the	O
stone	O
.	O


``	O
Write	O
this	O
to	O
the	O
angel	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
in	O
Thyatira	O
:	O
``	O
Here	O
is	O
a	O
message	O
from	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
eyes	O
that	O
blaze	O
like	O
fire	O
and	O
feet	O
like	O
shining	O
brass	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
know	O
what	O
you	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
about	O
your	O
love	O
,	O
your	O
faith	O
,	O
your	O
service	O
,	O
and	O
your	O
patience	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
doing	O
more	O
now	O
than	O
you	O
did	O
at	O
first	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
have	O
this	O
against	O
you	O
:	O
You	O
let	O
that	O
woman	O
Jezebel	O
do	O
what	O
she	O
wants	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
that	O
she	O
is	O
a	O
prophet	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
is	O
leading	O
my	O
people	O
away	O
with	O
her	O
teaching	O
.	O


Jezebel	O
leads	O
my	O
people	O
to	O
commit	O
sexual	O
sins	O
and	O
to	O
eat	O
food	O
that	O
is	O
offered	O
to	O
idols	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
given	O
her	O
time	O
to	O
change	O
her	O
heart	O
and	O
turn	O
away	O
from	O
her	O
sin	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
does	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


``	O
So	O
I	O
will	O
throw	O
her	O
on	O
a	O
bed	O
of	O
suffering	O
.	O


And	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
commit	O
adultery	O
with	O
her	O
will	O
suffer	O
greatly	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
do	O
this	O
now	O
if	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
turn	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
things	O
she	O
does	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
also	O
kill	O
her	O
followers	O
.	O


Then	O
all	O
the	O
churches	O
will	O
see	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
knows	O
what	O
people	O
feel	O
and	O
think	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
will	O
repay	O
each	O
of	O
you	O
for	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
done	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
others	O
of	O
you	O
in	O
Thyatira	O
have	O
not	O
followed	O
her	O
teaching	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
not	O
learned	O
the	O
things	O
they	O
call	O
'	O
Satan	O
's	O
deep	O
secrets	O
.	O
'	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
say	O
to	O
you	O
:	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
put	O
any	O
other	O
burden	O
on	O
you	O
.	O


Only	O
hold	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
truth	O
you	O
have	O
until	O
I	O
come	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
will	O
give	O
power	O
over	O
the	O
nations	O
to	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
win	O
the	O
victory	O
and	O
continue	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
I	O
want	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
rule	O
the	O
nations	O
with	O
an	O
iron	O
rod	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
break	O
them	O
to	O
pieces	O
like	O
clay	O
pots	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
power	O
I	O
received	O
from	O
my	O
Father	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
give	O
them	O
the	O
morning	O
star	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
hears	O
this	O
should	O
listen	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
Spirit	O
says	O
to	O
the	O
churches	O
.	O


``	O
Write	O
this	O
to	O
the	O
angel	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
in	O
Sardis	O
:	O
``	O
Here	O
is	O
a	O
message	O
from	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
the	O
seven	O
spirits	O
and	O
the	O
seven	O
stars	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
know	O
what	O
you	O
do	O
.	O


People	O
say	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
alive	O
,	O
but	O
really	O
you	O
are	O
dead	O
.	O


Wake	O
up	O
!	O


Make	O
yourselves	O
stronger	O
before	O
what	O
little	O
strength	O
you	O
have	O
left	O
is	O
completely	O
gone	O
.	O


I	O
find	O
that	O
what	O
you	O
do	O
is	O
not	O
good	O
enough	O
for	O
my	O
God	O
.	O


So	O
do	O
n't	O
forget	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
received	O
and	O
heard	O
.	O


Obey	O
it	O
.	O


Change	O
your	O
hearts	O
and	O
lives	O
!	O


You	O
must	O
wake	O
up	O
,	O
or	O
I	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
surprise	O
you	O
like	O
a	O
thief	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
not	O
know	O
when	O
I	O
will	O
come	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
few	O
people	O
in	O
your	O
group	O
there	O
in	O
Sardis	O
who	O
have	O
kept	O
themselves	O
clean	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
walk	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
wear	O
white	O
clothes	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
worthy	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
wins	O
the	O
victory	O
will	O
be	O
dressed	O
in	O
white	O
clothes	O
like	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
not	O
remove	O
their	O
names	O
from	O
the	O
book	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
say	O
that	O
they	O
belong	O
to	O
me	O
before	O
my	O
Father	O
and	O
before	O
his	O
angels	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
hears	O
this	O
should	O
listen	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
Spirit	O
says	O
to	O
the	O
churches	O
.	O


``	O
Write	O
this	O
to	O
the	O
angel	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
in	O
Philadelphia	O
:	O
``	O
Here	O
is	O
a	O
message	O
from	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
holy	O
and	O
true	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
holds	O
the	O
key	O
of	O
David	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
opens	O
something	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
closed	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
he	O
closes	O
something	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
opened	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
know	O
what	O
you	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
put	O
before	O
you	O
an	O
open	O
door	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
close	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
you	O
are	O
weak	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
have	O
followed	O
my	O
teaching	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
not	O
afraid	O
to	O
speak	O
my	O
name	O
.	O


Listen	O
!	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
group	O
that	O
belongs	O
to	O
Satan	O
.	O


They	O
say	O
they	O
are	O
Jews	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
liars	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
not	O
true	O
Jews	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
make	O
them	O
come	O
before	O
you	O
and	O
bow	O
at	O
your	O
feet	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
the	O
people	O
I	O
have	O
loved	O
.	O


You	O
followed	O
my	O
command	O
to	O
endure	O
patiently	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
will	O
keep	O
you	O
from	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
trouble	O
that	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
--	O
a	O
time	O
that	O
will	O
test	O
everyone	O
living	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
am	O
coming	O
soon	O
.	O


Hold	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
faith	O
you	O
have	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
take	O
away	O
your	O
crown	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
win	O
the	O
victory	O
will	O
be	O
pillars	O
in	O
the	O
temple	O
of	O
my	O
God	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
make	O
that	O
happen	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
never	O
again	O
have	O
to	O
leave	O
God	O
's	O
temple	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
write	O
on	O
them	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
my	O
God	O
and	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
my	O
God	O
.	O


That	O
city	O
is	O
the	O
new	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
coming	O
down	O
out	O
of	O
heaven	O
from	O
my	O
God	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
also	O
write	O
my	O
new	O
name	O
on	O
them	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
hears	O
this	O
should	O
listen	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
Spirit	O
says	O
to	O
the	O
churches	O
.	O


``	O
Write	O
this	O
to	O
the	O
angel	O
of	O
the	O
church	O
in	O
Laodicea	O
:	O
``	O
Here	O
is	O
a	O
message	O
from	O
the	O
Amen	O
,	O
the	O
faithful	O
and	O
true	O
witness	O
,	O
the	O
ruler	O
of	O
all	O
that	O
God	O
has	O
made	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
know	O
what	O
you	O
do	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
not	O
hot	O
or	O
cold	O
.	O


I	O
wish	O
that	O
you	O
were	O
hot	O
or	O
cold	O
!	O


But	O
you	O
are	O
only	O
warm	O
--	O
not	O
hot	O
,	O
not	O
cold	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
am	O
ready	O
to	O
spit	O
you	O
out	O
of	O
my	O
mouth	O
.	O


You	O
say	O
you	O
are	O
rich	O
.	O


You	O
think	O
you	O
have	O
become	O
wealthy	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
anything	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
really	O
miserable	O
,	O
pitiful	O
,	O
poor	O
,	O
blind	O
,	O
and	O
naked	O
.	O


I	O
advise	O
you	O
to	O
buy	O
gold	O
from	O
me	O
--	O
gold	O
made	O
pure	O
in	O
fire	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
rich	O
.	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
:	O
Buy	O
clothes	O
that	O
are	O
white	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
cover	O
your	O
shameful	O
nakedness	O
.	O


I	O
also	O
tell	O
you	O
to	O
buy	O
medicine	O
to	O
put	O
on	O
your	O
eyes	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
correct	O
and	O
punish	O
the	O
people	O
I	O
love	O
.	O


So	O
show	O
that	O
nothing	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
to	O
you	O
than	O
living	O
right	O
.	O


Change	O
your	O
hearts	O
and	O
lives	O
.	O


Here	O
I	O
am	O
!	O


I	O
stand	O
at	O
the	O
door	O
and	O
knock	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
hear	O
my	O
voice	O
and	O
open	O
the	O
door	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
come	O
in	O
and	O
eat	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
eat	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
will	O
let	O
everyone	O
who	O
wins	O
the	O
victory	O
sit	O
with	O
me	O
on	O
my	O
throne	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
won	O
the	O
victory	O
and	O
sat	O
down	O
with	O
my	O
Father	O
on	O
his	O
throne	O
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
hears	O
this	O
should	O
listen	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
Spirit	O
says	O
to	O
the	O
churches	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
I	O
looked	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
before	O
me	O
was	O
an	O
open	O
door	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
heard	O
the	O
same	O
voice	O
that	O
spoke	O
to	O
me	O
before	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
the	O
voice	O
that	O
sounded	O
like	O
a	O
trumpet	O
.	O


It	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
up	O
here	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
show	O
you	O
what	O
must	O
happen	O
after	O
this	O
.	O
''	O


Immediately	O
the	O
Spirit	O
took	O
control	O
of	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
in	O
heaven	O
was	O
a	O
throne	O
with	O
someone	O
sitting	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
one	O
sitting	O
there	O
was	O
as	O
beautiful	O
as	O
precious	O
stones	O
,	O
like	O
jasper	O
and	O
carnelian	O
.	O


All	O
around	O
the	O
throne	O
was	O
a	O
rainbow	O
with	O
clear	O
colors	O
like	O
an	O
emerald	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
circle	O
around	O
the	O
throne	O
were	O
24	O
other	O
thrones	O
with	O
24	O
elders	O
sitting	O
on	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
elders	O
were	O
dressed	O
in	O
white	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
had	O
golden	O
crowns	O
on	O
their	O
heads	O
.	O


Lightning	O
flashes	O
and	O
noises	O
of	O
thunder	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
throne	O
.	O


Before	O
the	O
throne	O
there	O
were	O
seven	O
lamps	O
burning	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
the	O
seven	O
Spirits	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


Also	O
before	O
the	O
throne	O
there	O
was	O
something	O
that	O
looked	O
like	O
a	O
sea	O
of	O
glass	O
,	O
as	O
clear	O
as	O
crystal	O
.	O


In	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
throne	O
and	O
on	O
each	O
side	O
of	O
it	O
there	O
were	O
four	O
living	O
beings	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
eyes	O
all	O
over	O
them	O
,	O
in	O
front	O
and	O
in	O
back	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
living	O
being	O
was	O
like	O
a	O
lion	O
.	O


The	O
second	O
was	O
like	O
a	O
bull	O
.	O


The	O
third	O
had	O
a	O
face	O
like	O
a	O
man	O
.	O


The	O
fourth	O
was	O
like	O
a	O
flying	O
eagle	O
.	O


Each	O
of	O
these	O
four	O
living	O
beings	O
had	O
six	O
wings	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
covered	O
all	O
over	O
with	O
eyes	O
,	O
inside	O
and	O
out	O
.	O


Day	O
and	O
night	O
they	O
never	O
stopped	O
saying	O
,	O
``	O
Holy	O
,	O
holy	O
,	O
holy	O
is	O
the	O
Lord	O
God	O
All	O
-	O
Powerful	O
.	O


He	O
always	O
was	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
coming	O
.	O
''	O


These	O
living	O
beings	O
were	O
giving	O
glory	O
and	O
honor	O
and	O
thanks	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sits	O
on	O
the	O
throne	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
lives	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
.	O


And	O
every	O
time	O
they	O
did	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
24	O
elders	O
bowed	O
down	O
before	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sits	O
on	O
the	O
throne	O
.	O


They	O
worshiped	O
him	O
who	O
lives	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
.	O


They	O
put	O
their	O
crowns	O
down	O
before	O
the	O
throne	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Our	O
Lord	O
and	O
God	O
!	O


You	O
are	O
worthy	O
to	O
receive	O
glory	O
and	O
honor	O
and	O
power	O
.	O


You	O
made	O
all	O
things	O
.	O


Everything	O
existed	O
and	O
was	O
made	O
because	O
you	O
wanted	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
I	O
saw	O
a	O
scroll	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
hand	O
of	O
the	O
one	O
sitting	O
on	O
the	O
throne	O
.	O


The	O
scroll	O
had	O
writing	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
and	O
was	O
kept	O
closed	O
with	O
seven	O
seals	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
saw	O
a	O
powerful	O
angel	O
,	O
who	O
called	O
in	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
is	O
worthy	O
to	O
break	O
the	O
seals	O
and	O
open	O
the	O
scroll	O
?	O
''	O


But	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
one	O
in	O
heaven	O
or	O
on	O
earth	O
or	O
under	O
the	O
earth	O
who	O
could	O
open	O
the	O
scroll	O
or	O
look	O
inside	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
cried	O
and	O
cried	O
because	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
worthy	O
to	O
open	O
the	O
scroll	O
or	O
look	O
inside	O
.	O


But	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
elders	O
said	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
cry	O
!	O


The	O
Lion	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Judah	O
has	O
won	O
the	O
victory	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
David	O
's	O
descendant	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
open	O
the	O
scroll	O
and	O
its	O
seven	O
seals	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
I	O
saw	O
a	O
Lamb	O
standing	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
near	O
the	O
throne	O
with	O
the	O
four	O
living	O
beings	O
around	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
elders	O
were	O
also	O
around	O
the	O
Lamb	O
.	O


The	O
Lamb	O
looked	O
as	O
if	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
killed	O
.	O


It	O
had	O
seven	O
horns	O
and	O
seven	O
eyes	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
the	O
seven	O
spirits	O
of	O
God	O
that	O
were	O
sent	O
into	O
all	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
Lamb	O
came	O
and	O
took	O
the	O
scroll	O
from	O
the	O
right	O
hand	O
of	O
the	O
one	O
sitting	O
on	O
the	O
throne	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
Lamb	O
took	O
the	O
scroll	O
,	O
the	O
four	O
living	O
beings	O
and	O
the	O
24	O
elders	O
bowed	O
down	O
before	O
the	O
Lamb	O
.	O


Each	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
had	O
a	O
harp	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
holding	O
golden	O
bowls	O
full	O
of	O
incense	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
the	O
prayers	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
all	O
sang	O
a	O
new	O
song	O
to	O
the	O
Lamb	O
:	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
worthy	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
scroll	O
and	O
to	O
open	O
its	O
seals	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
were	O
killed	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
your	O
blood	O
sacrifice	O
you	O
bought	O
people	O
for	O
God	O
from	O
every	O
tribe	O
,	O
language	O
,	O
race	O
of	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
nation	O
.	O


You	O
made	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
kingdom	O
and	O
to	O
be	O
priests	O
for	O
our	O
God	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
will	O
rule	O
on	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
I	O
looked	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
heard	O
the	O
voices	O
of	O
many	O
angels	O
.	O


The	O
angels	O
were	O
around	O
the	O
throne	O
,	O
the	O
four	O
living	O
beings	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
elders	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
thousands	O
and	O
thousands	O
of	O
angels	O
--	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
times	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
.	O


The	O
angels	O
said	O
in	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
,	O
``	O
All	O
power	O
,	O
wealth	O
,	O
wisdom	O
,	O
and	O
strength	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
Lamb	O
who	O
was	O
killed	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
worthy	O
to	O
receive	O
honor	O
,	O
glory	O
,	O
and	O
praise	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
I	O
heard	O
every	O
created	O
being	O
that	O
is	O
in	O
heaven	O
and	O
on	O
earth	O
and	O
under	O
the	O
earth	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
sea	O
,	O
everything	O
in	O
all	O
these	O
places	O
,	O
saying	O
,	O
``	O
All	O
praise	O
and	O
honor	O
and	O
glory	O
and	O
power	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sits	O
on	O
the	O
throne	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
Lamb	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
four	O
living	O
beings	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Amen	O
!	O
''	O


And	O
the	O
elders	O
bowed	O
down	O
and	O
worshiped	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
watched	O
as	O
the	O
Lamb	O
opened	O
the	O
first	O
of	O
the	O
seven	O
seals	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
heard	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
living	O
beings	O
speak	O
with	O
a	O
voice	O
like	O
thunder	O
.	O


It	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
!	O
''	O


I	O
looked	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
before	O
me	O
was	O
a	O
white	O
horse	O
.	O


The	O
rider	O
on	O
the	O
horse	O
held	O
a	O
bow	O
and	O
was	O
given	O
a	O
crown	O
.	O


He	O
rode	O
out	O
to	O
defeat	O
the	O
enemy	O
and	O
win	O
the	O
victory	O
.	O


The	O
Lamb	O
opened	O
the	O
second	O
seal	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
heard	O
the	O
second	O
living	O
being	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
another	O
horse	O
came	O
out	O
,	O
a	O
red	O
one	O
.	O


The	O
rider	O
on	O
the	O
horse	O
was	O
given	O
power	O
to	O
take	O
away	O
peace	O
from	O
the	O
earth	O
so	O
that	O
people	O
would	O
kill	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
given	O
a	O
big	O
sword	O
.	O


The	O
Lamb	O
opened	O
the	O
third	O
seal	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
heard	O
the	O
third	O
living	O
being	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
!	O
''	O


I	O
looked	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
before	O
me	O
was	O
a	O
black	O
horse	O
.	O


The	O
rider	O
on	O
the	O
horse	O
held	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
scales	O
in	O
his	O
hand	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
heard	O
something	O
that	O
sounded	O
like	O
a	O
voice	O
.	O


The	O
voice	O
came	O
from	O
where	O
the	O
four	O
living	O
beings	O
were	O
.	O


It	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
A	O
quart	O
of	O
wheat	O
or	O
three	O
quarts	O
of	O
barley	O
will	O
cost	O
a	O
full	O
day	O
's	O
pay	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
harm	O
the	O
supply	O
of	O
olive	O
oil	O
and	O
wine	O
!	O
''	O


The	O
Lamb	O
opened	O
the	O
fourth	O
seal	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
heard	O
the	O
voice	O
of	O
the	O
fourth	O
living	O
being	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
!	O
''	O


I	O
looked	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
before	O
me	O
was	O
a	O
pale	O
-	O


colored	O
horse	O
.	O


The	O
rider	O
on	O
the	O
horse	O
was	O
death	O
,	O
and	O
Hades	O
was	O
following	O
close	O
behind	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
given	O
power	O
over	O
a	O
fourth	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
--	O
power	O
to	O
kill	O
people	O
with	O
the	O
sword	O
,	O
by	O
starving	O
,	O
by	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
wild	O
animals	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


The	O
Lamb	O
opened	O
the	O
fifth	O
seal	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
saw	O
some	O
souls	O
under	O
the	O
altar	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
the	O
souls	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
killed	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
faithful	O
to	O
God	O
's	O
message	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
truth	O
they	O
had	O
received	O
.	O


These	O
souls	O
shouted	O
in	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
,	O
``	O
Holy	O
and	O
true	O
Lord	O
,	O
how	O
long	O
until	O
you	O
judge	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
and	O
punish	O
them	O
for	O
killing	O
us	O
?	O
''	O


Then	O
each	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
was	O
given	O
a	O
white	O
robe	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
told	O
to	O
wait	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
longer	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
still	O
some	O
of	O
their	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
in	O
the	O
service	O
of	O
Christ	O
who	O
must	O
be	O
killed	O
as	O
they	O
were	O
.	O


These	O
souls	O
were	O
told	O
to	O
wait	O
until	O
all	O
the	O
killing	O
was	O
finished	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
watched	O
while	O
the	O
Lamb	O
opened	O
the	O
sixth	O
seal	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
great	O
earthquake	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
sun	O
became	O
as	O
black	O
as	O
sackcloth	O
.	O


The	O
full	O
moon	O
became	O
red	O
like	O
blood	O
.	O


The	O
stars	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
fell	O
to	O
the	O
earth	O
like	O
a	O
fig	O
tree	O
dropping	O
its	O
figs	O
when	O
the	O
wind	O
blows	O
.	O


The	O
sky	O
was	O
split	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
and	O
both	O
sides	O
rolled	O
up	O
like	O
a	O
scroll	O
.	O


And	O
every	O
mountain	O
and	O
island	O
was	O
moved	O
from	O
its	O
place	O
.	O


Then	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
--	O
the	O
kings	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
the	O
rulers	O
,	O
the	O
army	O
commanders	O
,	O
the	O
rich	O
people	O
,	O
the	O
powerful	O
people	O
,	O
every	O
slave	O
,	O
and	O
every	O
free	O
person	O
--	O
hid	O
themselves	O
in	O
caves	O
and	O
behind	O
the	O
rocks	O
on	O
the	O
mountains	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
mountains	O
and	O
the	O
rocks	O
,	O
``	O


Fall	O
on	O
us	O
.	O


Hide	O
us	O
from	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sits	O
on	O
the	O
throne	O
.	O


Hide	O
us	O
from	O
the	O
anger	O
of	O
the	O
Lamb	O
!	O


The	O
great	O
day	O
for	O
their	O
anger	O
has	O
come	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
can	O
stand	O
against	O
it	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
this	O
happened	O
I	O
saw	O
four	O
angels	O
standing	O
at	O
the	O
four	O
corners	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


The	O
angels	O
were	O
holding	O
the	O
four	O
winds	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
stopping	O
the	O
wind	O
from	O
blowing	O
on	O
the	O
land	O
or	O
the	O
sea	O
or	O
on	O
any	O
tree	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
saw	O
another	O
angel	O
coming	O
from	O
the	O
east	O
.	O


This	O
angel	O
had	O
the	O
seal	O
of	O
the	O
living	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
called	O
out	O
in	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
to	O
the	O
four	O
angels	O
.	O


These	O
were	O
the	O
four	O
angels	O
that	O
God	O
had	O
given	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
hurt	O
the	O
earth	O
and	O
the	O
sea	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
said	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
harm	O
the	O
land	O
or	O
the	O
sea	O
or	O
the	O
trees	O
before	O
we	O
mark	O
the	O
foreheads	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
serve	O
our	O
God	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
I	O
heard	O
how	O
many	O
people	O
had	O
God	O
's	O
mark	O
on	O
their	O
foreheads	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
144	O
,	O
000	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
from	O
every	O
tribe	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Israel	O
:	O


from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Judah	O
12	O
,	O
000	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Reuben	O
12	O
,	O
000	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Gad	O
12	O
,	O
000	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Asher	O
12	O
,	O
000	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Naphtali	O
12	O
,	O
000	O


from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Manasseh	O
12	O
,	O
000	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Simeon	O
12	O
,	O
000	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Levi	O
12	O
,	O
000	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Issachar	O
12	O
,	O
000	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Zebulun	O
12	O
,	O
000	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Joseph	O
12	O
,	O
000	O
from	O
the	O
tribe	O
of	O
Benjamin	O
12	O
,	O
000	O
Then	O
I	O
looked	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
large	O
crowd	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
could	O
count	O
them	O
all	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
from	O
every	O
nation	O
,	O
tribe	O
,	O
race	O
of	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
language	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
standing	O
before	O
the	O
throne	O
and	O
before	O
the	O
Lamb	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
wore	O
white	O
robes	O
and	O
had	O
palm	O
branches	O
in	O
their	O
hands	O
.	O


They	O
shouted	O
loudly	O
,	O
``	O
Victory	O
belongs	O
to	O
our	O
God	O
,	O
who	O
sits	O
on	O
the	O
throne	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
Lamb	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
elders	O
and	O
the	O
four	O
living	O
beings	O
were	O
there	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
angels	O
were	O
standing	O
around	O
them	O
and	O
the	O
throne	O
.	O


The	O
angels	O
bowed	O
down	O
on	O
their	O
faces	O
before	O
the	O
throne	O
and	O
worshiped	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Amen	O
!	O


Praise	O
,	O
glory	O
,	O
wisdom	O
,	O
thanks	O
,	O
honor	O
,	O
power	O
,	O
and	O
strength	O
belong	O
to	O
our	O
God	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
.	O


Amen	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
elders	O
asked	O
me	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
are	O
these	O
people	O
in	O
white	O
robes	O
?	O


Where	O
did	O
they	O
come	O
from	O
?	O
''	O


I	O
answered	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
know	O
who	O
they	O
are	O
,	O
sir	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
the	O
elder	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
These	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
have	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
great	O
suffering	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
washed	O
their	O
robes	O
with	O
the	O
blood	O
of	O
the	O
Lamb	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
clean	O
and	O
white	O
.	O


So	O
now	O
these	O
people	O
are	O
before	O
the	O
throne	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
worship	O
God	O
day	O
and	O
night	O
in	O
his	O
temple	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
sits	O
on	O
the	O
throne	O
will	O
protect	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
hungry	O
again	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
thirsty	O
again	O
.	O


The	O
sun	O
will	O
not	O
hurt	O
them	O
.	O


No	O
heat	O
will	O
burn	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
Lamb	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
throne	O
will	O
be	O
their	O
shepherd	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
lead	O
them	O
to	O
springs	O
of	O
water	O
that	O
give	O
life	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
will	O
wipe	O
away	O
every	O
tear	O
from	O
their	O
eyes	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Lamb	O
opened	O
the	O
seventh	O
seal	O
.	O


Then	O
there	O
was	O
silence	O
in	O
heaven	O
for	O
about	O
half	O
an	O
hour	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
saw	O
the	O
seven	O
angels	O
who	O
stand	O
before	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
given	O
seven	O
trumpets	O
.	O


Another	O
angel	O
came	O
and	O
stood	O
at	O
the	O
altar	O
.	O


This	O
angel	O
had	O
a	O
golden	O
holder	O
for	O
incense	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
was	O
given	O
much	O
incense	O
to	O
offer	O
with	O
the	O
prayers	O
of	O
all	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
put	O
this	O
offering	O
on	O
the	O
golden	O
altar	O
before	O
the	O
throne	O
.	O


The	O
smoke	O
from	O
the	O
incense	O
went	O
up	O
from	O
the	O
angel	O
's	O
hand	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
smoke	O
went	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
prayers	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
angel	O
filled	O
the	O
incense	O
holder	O
with	O
fire	O
from	O
the	O
altar	O
and	O
threw	O
it	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


Then	O
there	O
were	O
flashes	O
of	O
lightning	O
,	O
thunder	O
and	O
other	O
noises	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
earthquake	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
seven	O
angels	O
with	O
the	O
seven	O
trumpets	O
prepared	O
to	O
blow	O
their	O
trumpets	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
angel	O
blew	O
his	O
trumpet	O
.	O


Then	O
hail	O
and	O
fire	O
mixed	O
with	O
blood	O
was	O
poured	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


And	O
a	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
green	O
grass	O
and	O
a	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
trees	O
were	O
burned	O
up	O
.	O


The	O
second	O
angel	O
blew	O
his	O
trumpet	O
.	O


Then	O
something	O
that	O
looked	O
like	O
a	O
big	O
mountain	O
burning	O
with	O
fire	O
was	O
thrown	O
into	O
the	O
sea	O
.	O


And	O
a	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
sea	O
became	O
blood	O
.	O


And	O
a	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
created	O
beings	O
in	O
the	O
sea	O
died	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
ships	O
were	O
destroyed	O
.	O


The	O
third	O
angel	O
blew	O
his	O
trumpet	O
.	O


Then	O
a	O
large	O
star	O
,	O
burning	O
like	O
a	O
torch	O
,	O
fell	O
from	O
the	O
sky	O
.	O


It	O
fell	O
on	O
a	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
rivers	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
springs	O
of	O
water	O
.	O


The	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
star	O
was	O
Bitterness	O
.	O


And	O
a	O
third	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
water	O
became	O
bitter	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
died	O
from	O
drinking	O
this	O
bitter	O
water	O
.	O


The	O
fourth	O
angel	O
blew	O
his	O
trumpet	O
.	O


Then	O
a	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
sun	O
and	O
a	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
moon	O
and	O
a	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
stars	O
were	O
struck	O
.	O


So	O
a	O
third	O
of	O
them	O
became	O
dark	O
.	O


A	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
day	O
and	O
night	O
was	O
without	O
light	O
.	O


While	O
I	O
watched	O
,	O
I	O
heard	O
an	O
eagle	O
that	O
was	O
flying	O
high	O
in	O
the	O
air	O
.	O


The	O
eagle	O
said	O
in	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
,	O
``	O
Terrible	O
!	O


Terrible	O
!	O


How	O
terrible	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
live	O
on	O
the	O
earth	O
!	O


The	O
terrible	O
trouble	O
will	O
begin	O
after	O
the	O
sounds	O
of	O
the	O
trumpets	O
that	O
the	O
other	O
three	O
angels	O
will	O
blow	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
I	O
was	O
given	O
a	O
measuring	O
rod	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
a	O
walking	O
stick	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
told	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
and	O
measure	O
the	O
temple	O
of	O
God	O
and	O
the	O
altar	O
,	O
and	O
count	O
the	O
people	O
worshiping	O
there	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
measure	O
the	O
yard	O
outside	O
the	O
temple	O
.	O


Leave	O
it	O
alone	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
God	O
's	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
show	O
their	O
power	O
over	O
the	O
holy	O
city	O
for	O
42	O
months	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
will	O
give	O
power	O
to	O
my	O
two	O
witnesses	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
will	O
prophesy	O
for	O
1260	O
days	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
dressed	O
in	O
sackcloth	O
.	O
''	O


These	O
two	O
witnesses	O
are	O
the	O
two	O
olive	O
trees	O
and	O
the	O
two	O
lampstands	O
that	O
stand	O
before	O
the	O
Lord	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


If	O
anyone	O
tries	O
to	O
hurt	O
the	O
witnesses	O
,	O
fire	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
mouths	O
of	O
the	O
witnesses	O
and	O
kills	O
their	O
enemies	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
tries	O
to	O
hurt	O
them	O
will	O
die	O
like	O
this	O
.	O


These	O
witnesses	O
have	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
sky	O
from	O
raining	O
during	O
the	O
time	O
they	O
are	O
prophesying	O
.	O


These	O
witnesses	O
have	O
power	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
water	O
become	O
blood	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
power	O
to	O
send	O
every	O
kind	O
of	O
plague	O
to	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
do	O
this	O
as	O
many	O
times	O
as	O
they	O
want	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
two	O
witnesses	O
have	O
finished	O
telling	O
their	O
message	O
,	O
the	O
beast	O
will	O
fight	O
against	O
them	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
beast	O
that	O
comes	O
up	O
from	O
the	O
bottomless	O
pit	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
defeat	O
and	O
kill	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
bodies	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
witnesses	O
will	O
lie	O
in	O
the	O
street	O
of	O
the	O
great	O
city	O
.	O


This	O
city	O
is	O
named	O
Sodom	O
and	O
Egypt	O
.	O


These	O
names	O
for	O
the	O
city	O
have	O
a	O
special	O
meaning	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
city	O
where	O
the	O
Lord	O
was	O
killed	O
.	O


People	O
from	O
every	O
race	O
of	O
people	O
,	O
tribe	O
,	O
language	O
,	O
and	O
nation	O
will	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
bodies	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
witnesses	O
for	O
three	O
and	O
a	O
half	O
days	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
will	O
refuse	O
to	O
bury	O
them	O
.	O


Everyone	O
on	O
the	O
earth	O
will	O
be	O
happy	O
because	O
these	O
two	O
are	O
dead	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
have	O
parties	O
and	O
send	O
each	O
other	O
gifts	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
do	O
this	O
because	O
these	O
two	O
prophets	O
brought	O
much	O
suffering	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
living	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


But	O
after	O
three	O
and	O
a	O
half	O
days	O
,	O
God	O
let	O
life	O
enter	O
the	O
two	O
witnesses	O
again	O
.	O


They	O
stood	O
on	O
their	O
feet	O
.	O


All	O
those	O
who	O
saw	O
them	O
were	O
filled	O
with	O
fear	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
two	O
witnesses	O
heard	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
from	O
heaven	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
up	O
here	O
!	O
''	O


And	O
both	O
of	O
them	O
went	O
up	O
into	O
heaven	O
in	O
a	O
cloud	O
.	O


Their	O
enemies	O
watched	O
them	O
go	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
same	O
time	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
great	O
earthquake	O
.	O


A	O
tenth	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
was	O
destroyed	O
.	O


And	O
7000	O
people	O
were	O
killed	O
in	O
the	O
earthquake	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
die	O
were	O
very	O
afraid	O
.	O


They	O
gave	O
glory	O
to	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
heaven	O
.	O


The	O
second	O
terror	O
is	O
now	O
past	O
.	O


The	O
third	O
terror	O
is	O
coming	O
soon	O
.	O


The	O
seventh	O
angel	O
blew	O
his	O
trumpet	O
.	O


Then	O
there	O
were	O
loud	O
voices	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


The	O
voices	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
kingdom	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
has	O
now	O
become	O
the	O
kingdom	O
of	O
our	O
Lord	O
and	O
of	O
his	O
Christ	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
will	O
rule	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
24	O
elders	O
bowed	O
down	O
on	O
their	O
faces	O
and	O
worshiped	O
God	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
elders	O
who	O
sit	O
on	O
their	O
thrones	O
before	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
elders	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
give	O
thanks	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
Lord	O
God	O
All	O
-	O
Powerful	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
and	O
who	O
always	O
was	O
.	O


We	O
thank	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
used	O
your	O
great	O
power	O
and	O
have	O
begun	O
to	O
rule	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
were	O
angry	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
is	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
your	O
anger	O
.	O


Now	O
is	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
dead	O
to	O
be	O
judged	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
time	O
to	O
reward	O
your	O
servants	O
,	O
the	O
prophets	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
reward	O
your	O
holy	O
people	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
great	O
and	O
small	O
,	O
who	O
respect	O
you	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
time	O
to	O
destroy	O
those	O
people	O
who	O
destroy	O
the	O
earth	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
God	O
's	O
temple	O
in	O
heaven	O
was	O
opened	O
.	O


The	O
Box	O
of	O
the	O
Agreement	O
could	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
his	O
temple	O
.	O


Then	O
there	O
were	O
flashes	O
of	O
lightning	O
,	O
noises	O
,	O
thunder	O
,	O
an	O
earthquake	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
great	O
hailstorm	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
a	O
great	O
wonder	O
appeared	O
in	O
heaven	O
:	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
woman	O
who	O
was	O
clothed	O
with	O
the	O
sun	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
moon	O
was	O
under	O
her	O
feet	O
.	O


She	O
had	O
a	O
crown	O
of	O
twelve	O
stars	O
on	O
her	O
head	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
pregnant	O
and	O
cried	O
out	O
with	O
pain	O
because	O
she	O
was	O
about	O
to	O
give	O
birth	O
.	O


Then	O
another	O
wonder	O
appeared	O
in	O
heaven	O
:	O
There	O
was	O
a	O
giant	O
red	O
dragon	O
there	O
.	O


The	O
dragon	O
had	O
seven	O
heads	O
with	O
a	O
crown	O
on	O
each	O
head	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
had	O
ten	O
horns	O
.	O


Its	O
tail	O
swept	O
a	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
stars	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
sky	O
and	O
threw	O
them	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


It	O
stood	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
woman	O
who	O
was	O
ready	O
to	O
give	O
birth	O
to	O
the	O
baby	O
.	O


It	O
wanted	O
to	O
eat	O
the	O
woman	O
's	O
baby	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
born	O
.	O


The	O
woman	O
gave	O
birth	O
to	O
a	O
son	O
,	O
who	O
would	O
rule	O
all	O
the	O
nations	O
with	O
an	O
iron	O
rod	O
.	O


And	O
her	O
child	O
was	O
taken	O
up	O
to	O
God	O
and	O
to	O
his	O
throne	O
.	O


The	O
woman	O
ran	O
away	O
into	O
the	O
desert	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
that	O
God	O
had	O
prepared	O
for	O
her	O
.	O


There	O
she	O
would	O
be	O
taken	O
care	O
of	O
for	O
1260	O
days	O
.	O


Then	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
war	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


Michael	O
and	O
his	O
angels	O
fought	O
against	O
the	O
dragon	O
.	O


The	O
dragon	O
and	O
its	O
angels	O
fought	O
back	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
strong	O
enough	O
.	O


The	O
dragon	O
and	O
its	O
angels	O
lost	O
their	O
place	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
thrown	O
down	O
out	O
of	O
heaven	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
This	O
giant	O
dragon	O
is	O
that	O
old	O
snake	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
called	O
the	O
devil	O
or	O
Satan	O
,	O
who	O
leads	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
into	O
the	O
wrong	O
way	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
dragon	O
and	O
its	O
angels	O
were	O
thrown	O
to	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
heard	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
in	O
heaven	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
victory	O
and	O
the	O
power	O
and	O
the	O
kingdom	O
of	O
our	O
God	O
and	O
the	O
authority	O
of	O
his	O
Christ	O
have	O
now	O
come	O
.	O


These	O
things	O
have	O
come	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
accuser	O
of	O
our	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
has	O
been	O
thrown	O
out	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
accused	O
them	O
day	O
and	O
night	O
before	O
our	O
God	O
.	O


They	O
defeated	O
him	O
by	O
the	O
blood	O
sacrifice	O
of	O
the	O
Lamb	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
message	O
of	O
God	O
that	O
they	O
told	O
people	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
love	O
their	O
lives	O
too	O
much	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
not	O
afraid	O
of	O
death	O
.	O


So	O
rejoice	O
,	O
you	O
heavens	O
and	O
all	O
who	O
live	O
there	O
!	O


But	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
terrible	O
for	O
the	O
earth	O
and	O
sea	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
devil	O
has	O
gone	O
down	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
filled	O
with	O
anger	O
.	O


He	O
knows	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
much	O
time	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
dragon	O
saw	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
thrown	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
chased	O
the	O
woman	O
who	O
had	O
given	O
birth	O
to	O
the	O
child	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
woman	O
was	O
given	O
the	O
two	O
wings	O
of	O
a	O
great	O
eagle	O
.	O


Then	O
she	O
could	O
fly	O
to	O
the	O
place	O
that	O
was	O
prepared	O
for	O
her	O
in	O
the	O
desert	O
.	O


There	O
she	O
would	O
be	O
taken	O
care	O
of	O
for	O
three	O
and	O
a	O
half	O
years	O
.	O


There	O
she	O
would	O
be	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
dragon	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
dragon	O
poured	O
water	O
out	O
of	O
its	O
mouth	O
like	O
a	O
river	O
.	O


It	O
poured	O
the	O
water	O
toward	O
the	O
woman	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
flood	O
would	O
carry	O
her	O
away	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
earth	O
helped	O
the	O
woman	O
.	O


The	O
earth	O
opened	O
its	O
mouth	O
and	O
swallowed	O
the	O
river	O
that	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
mouth	O
of	O
the	O
dragon	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
dragon	O
was	O
very	O
angry	O
with	O
the	O
woman	O
.	O


It	O
went	O
away	O
to	O
make	O
war	O
against	O
all	O
her	O
other	O
children	O
.	O


Her	O
children	O
are	O
those	O
who	O
obey	O
God	O
's	O
commands	O
and	O
have	O
the	O
truth	O
that	O
Jesus	O
taught	O
.	O


The	O
dragon	O
stood	O
on	O
the	O
seashore	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
saw	O
a	O
beast	O
coming	O
up	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
sea	O
.	O


It	O
had	O
ten	O
horns	O
and	O
seven	O
heads	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
crown	O
on	O
each	O
of	O
its	O
horns	O
.	O


It	O
had	O
an	O
evil	O
name	O
written	O
on	O
each	O
head	O
.	O


This	O
beast	O
looked	O
like	O
a	O
leopard	O
,	O
with	O
feet	O
like	O
a	O
bear	O
's	O
feet	O
.	O


It	O
had	O
a	O
mouth	O
like	O
a	O
lion	O
's	O
mouth	O
.	O


The	O
dragon	O
gave	O
the	O
beast	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
power	O
and	O
its	O
throne	O
and	O
great	O
authority	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
heads	O
of	O
the	O
beast	O
looked	O
as	O
if	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
wounded	O
and	O
killed	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
death	O
wound	O
was	O
healed	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
were	O
amazed	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
all	O
followed	O
the	O
beast	O
.	O


People	O
worshiped	O
the	O
dragon	O
because	O
it	O
had	O
given	O
its	O
power	O
to	O
the	O
beast	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
also	O
worshiped	O
the	O
beast	O
.	O


They	O
asked	O
,	O
``	O
Who	O
is	O
as	O
powerful	O
as	O
the	O
beast	O
?	O


Who	O
can	O
make	O
war	O
against	O
it	O
?	O
''	O


The	O
beast	O
was	O
allowed	O
to	O
boast	O
and	O
speak	O
insults	O
against	O
God	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
allowed	O
to	O
use	O
its	O
power	O
for	O
42	O
months	O
.	O


The	O
beast	O
opened	O
its	O
mouth	O
to	O
insult	O
God	O
--	O
to	O
insult	O
his	O
name	O
,	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
he	O
lives	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
live	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
given	O
power	O
to	O
make	O
war	O
against	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
and	O
to	O
defeat	O
them	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
given	O
power	O
over	O
every	O
tribe	O
,	O
race	O
of	O
people	O
,	O
language	O
,	O
and	O
nation	O
.	O


Everyone	O
living	O
on	O
earth	O
would	O
worship	O
the	O
beast	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
whose	O
names	O
are	O
not	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
Lamb	O
's	O
book	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


The	O
Lamb	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
killed	O
.	O


Anyone	O
who	O
hears	O
these	O
things	O
should	O
listen	O
to	O
this	O
:	O
Whoever	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
prisoner	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
prisoner	O
.	O


Whoever	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
with	O
a	O
sword	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
killed	O
with	O
a	O
sword	O
.	O


This	O
means	O
that	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
must	O
have	O
patience	O
and	O
faith	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
saw	O
another	O
beast	O
coming	O
up	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
two	O
horns	O
like	O
a	O
lamb	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
talked	O
like	O
a	O
dragon	O
.	O


This	O
beast	O
stood	O
before	O
the	O
first	O
beast	O
and	O
used	O
the	O
same	O
power	O
the	O
first	O
beast	O
had	O
.	O


He	O
used	O
this	O
power	O
to	O
make	O
everyone	O
living	O
on	O
the	O
earth	O
worship	O
the	O
first	O
beast	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
beast	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
had	O
the	O
death	O
wound	O
that	O
was	O
healed	O
.	O


The	O
second	O
beast	O
did	O
great	O
miracles	O
.	O


He	O
even	O
made	O
fire	O
come	O
down	O
from	O
heaven	O
to	O
earth	O
while	O
people	O
were	O
watching	O
.	O


This	O
second	O
beast	O
fooled	O
the	O
people	O
living	O
on	O
earth	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
miracles	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
given	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
do	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
beast	O
.	O


He	O
ordered	O
people	O
to	O
make	O
an	O
idol	O
to	O
honor	O
the	O
first	O
beast	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
was	O
wounded	O
by	O
the	O
sword	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
die	O
.	O


The	O
second	O
beast	O
was	O
given	O
power	O
to	O
give	O
life	O
to	O
the	O
idol	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
beast	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
idol	O
could	O
speak	O
and	O
order	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
worship	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
.	O


The	O
second	O
beast	O
also	O
forced	O
all	O
people	O
,	O
small	O
and	O
great	O
,	O
rich	O
and	O
poor	O
,	O
free	O
and	O
slave	O
,	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
mark	O
put	O
on	O
their	O
right	O
hand	O
or	O
on	O
their	O
forehead	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
could	O
buy	O
or	O
sell	O
without	O
this	O
mark	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
This	O
mark	O
is	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
beast	O
or	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
its	O
name	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Anyone	O
who	O
has	O
understanding	O
can	O
find	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
the	O
beast	O
's	O
number	O
.	O


This	O
requires	O
wisdom	O
.	O


This	O
number	O
is	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
a	O
man	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
666	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
looked	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
before	O
me	O
was	O
the	O
Lamb	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
standing	O
on	O
Mount	O
Zion	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
144	O
,	O
000	O
people	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
had	O
his	O
name	O
and	O
his	O
Father	O
's	O
name	O
written	O
on	O
their	O
foreheads	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
heard	O
a	O
sound	O
from	O
heaven	O
as	O
loud	O
as	O
the	O
crashing	O
of	O
floodwaters	O
or	O
claps	O
of	O
thunder	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
sounded	O
like	O
harpists	O
playing	O
their	O
harps	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
sang	O
a	O
new	O
song	O
before	O
the	O
throne	O
and	O
before	O
the	O
four	O
living	O
beings	O
and	O
the	O
elders	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
ones	O
who	O
could	O
learn	O
the	O
new	O
song	O
were	O
the	O
144	O
,	O
000	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
bought	O
from	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
else	O
could	O
learn	O
it	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
do	O
sinful	O
things	O
with	O
women	O
.	O


They	O
kept	O
themselves	O
pure	O
.	O


Now	O
they	O
follow	O
the	O
Lamb	O
wherever	O
he	O
goes	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
bought	O
from	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
be	O
offered	O
to	O
God	O
and	O
the	O
Lamb	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
not	O
guilty	O
of	O
telling	O
lies	O
;	O
they	O
are	O
without	O
fault	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
saw	O
another	O
angel	O
flying	O
high	O
in	O
the	O
air	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
had	O
the	O
eternal	O
Good	O
News	O
to	O
announce	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
living	O
on	O
earth	O
--	O
to	O
every	O
nation	O
,	O
tribe	O
,	O
language	O
,	O
and	O
race	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
said	O
in	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
,	O
``	O
Fear	O
God	O
and	O
give	O
him	O
praise	O
.	O


The	O
time	O
has	O
come	O
for	O
God	O
to	O
judge	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


Worship	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
made	O
the	O
heavens	O
,	O
the	O
earth	O
,	O
the	O
sea	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
springs	O
of	O
water	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
second	O
angel	O
followed	O
the	O
first	O
angel	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
She	O
is	O
destroyed	O
!	O


The	O
great	O
city	O
of	O
Babylon	O
is	O
destroyed	O
!	O


She	O
made	O
all	O
the	O
nations	O
drink	O
the	O
wine	O
of	O
her	O
sexual	O
sin	O
and	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
anger	O
.	O
''	O


A	O
third	O
angel	O
followed	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
angels	O
.	O


This	O
third	O
angel	O
said	O
in	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
,	O
``	O
God	O
will	O
punish	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
worship	O
the	O
beast	O
and	O
the	O
beast	O
's	O
idol	O
and	O
agree	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
beast	O
's	O
mark	O
on	O
their	O
forehead	O
or	O
on	O
their	O
hand	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
drink	O
the	O
wine	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
anger	O
.	O


This	O
wine	O
is	O
prepared	O
with	O
all	O
its	O
strength	O
in	O
the	O
cup	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
anger	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
tortured	O
with	O
burning	O
sulfur	O
before	O
the	O
holy	O
angels	O
and	O
the	O
Lamb	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
smoke	O
from	O
their	O
burning	O
pain	O
will	O
rise	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
rest	O
,	O
day	O
or	O
night	O
,	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
worship	O
the	O
beast	O
and	O
its	O
idol	O
or	O
who	O
wear	O
the	O
mark	O
of	O
its	O
name	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
means	O
that	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
must	O
be	O
patient	O
.	O


They	O
must	O
obey	O
God	O
's	O
commands	O
and	O
keep	O
their	O
faith	O
in	O
Jesus	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
heard	O
a	O
voice	O
from	O
heaven	O
.	O


It	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Write	O
this	O
:	O
From	O
now	O
on	O
there	O
are	O
great	O
blessings	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
when	O
they	O
die	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Spirit	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
rest	O
from	O
their	O
hard	O
work	O
.	O


What	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
will	O
stay	O
with	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


I	O
looked	O
and	O
there	O
before	O
me	O
,	O
sitting	O
on	O
a	O
white	O
cloud	O
,	O
was	O
one	O
who	O
looked	O
like	O
the	O
Son	O
of	O
Man	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
a	O
gold	O
crown	O
on	O
his	O
head	O
and	O
a	O
sharp	O
sickle	O
in	O
his	O
hand	O
.	O


Then	O
another	O
angel	O
came	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
temple	O
.	O


This	O
angel	O
called	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
sitting	O
on	O
the	O
cloud	O
,	O
``	O
Take	O
your	O
sickle	O
and	O
gather	O
from	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


The	O
time	O
to	O
harvest	O
has	O
come	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
fruit	O
on	O
the	O
earth	O
is	O
ripe	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
sitting	O
on	O
the	O
cloud	O
swung	O
his	O
sickle	O
over	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
earth	O
was	O
harvested	O
.	O


Then	O
another	O
angel	O
came	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
temple	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


This	O
angel	O
also	O
had	O
a	O
sharp	O
sickle	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
another	O
angel	O
,	O
one	O
with	O
power	O
over	O
the	O
fire	O
,	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
altar	O
.	O


He	O
called	O
to	O
the	O
angel	O
with	O
the	O
sharp	O
sickle	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Take	O
your	O
sharp	O
sickle	O
and	O
gather	O
the	O
bunches	O
of	O
grapes	O
from	O
the	O
earth	O
's	O
vine	O
.	O


The	O
earth	O
's	O
grapes	O
are	O
ripe	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
angel	O
swung	O
his	O
sickle	O
over	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O


He	O
gathered	O
the	O
earth	O
's	O
grapes	O
and	O
threw	O
them	O
into	O
the	O
great	O
winepress	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
anger	O
.	O


The	O
grapes	O
were	O
squeezed	O
in	O
the	O
winepress	O
outside	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


Blood	O
flowed	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
winepress	O
.	O


It	O
rose	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
the	O
heads	O
of	O
the	O
horses	O
for	O
a	O
distance	O
of	O
200	O
miles	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
saw	O
another	O
wonder	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
great	O
and	O
amazing	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
seven	O
angels	O
bringing	O
seven	O
plagues	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
last	O
plagues	O
,	O
because	O
after	O
these	O
,	O
God	O
's	O
anger	O
is	O
finished	O
.	O


I	O
saw	O
what	O
looked	O
like	O
a	O
sea	O
of	O
glass	O
mixed	O
with	O
fire	O
.	O


All	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
won	O
the	O
victory	O
over	O
the	O
beast	O
and	O
his	O
idol	O
and	O
over	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
its	O
name	O
were	O
standing	O
by	O
the	O
sea	O
.	O


These	O
people	O
had	O
harps	O
that	O
God	O
had	O
given	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
sang	O
the	O
song	O
of	O
Moses	O
,	O
the	O
servant	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
song	O
of	O
the	O
Lamb	O
:	O
``	O
Great	O
and	O
wonderful	O
are	O
the	O
things	O
you	O
do	O
,	O
Lord	O
God	O
All	O
-	O
Powerful	O
.	O


Right	O
and	O
true	O
are	O
your	O
ways	O
,	O
Ruler	O
of	O
the	O
nations	O
.	O


All	O
people	O
will	O
fear	O
you	O
,	O
O	O
Lord	O
.	O


All	O
people	O
will	O
praise	O
your	O
name	O
.	O


Only	O
you	O
are	O
holy	O
.	O


All	O
people	O
will	O
come	O
and	O
worship	O
before	O
you	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
clear	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
what	O
is	O
right	O
.	O
''	O


After	O
this	O
I	O
saw	O
the	O
temple	O
,	O
the	O
holy	O
place	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
presence	O
,	O
in	O
heaven	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
opened	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
seven	O
angels	O
bringing	O
the	O
seven	O
plagues	O
came	O
out	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
dressed	O
in	O
clean	O
,	O
shining	O
linen	O
cloth	O
.	O


They	O
wore	O
golden	O
bands	O
tied	O
around	O
their	O
chests	O
.	O


Then	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
living	O
beings	O
gave	O
seven	O
golden	O
bowls	O
to	O
the	O
seven	O
angels	O
.	O


The	O
bowls	O
were	O
filled	O
with	O
the	O
anger	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
who	O
lives	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
.	O


The	O
temple	O
was	O
filled	O
with	O
smoke	O
from	O
the	O
glory	O
and	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
could	O
enter	O
the	O
temple	O
until	O
the	O
seven	O
plagues	O
of	O
the	O
seven	O
angels	O
were	O
finished	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
heard	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
from	O
the	O
temple	O
.	O


It	O
said	O
to	O
the	O
seven	O
angels	O
,	O
``	O
Go	O
and	O
pour	O
out	O
the	O
seven	O
bowls	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
anger	O
on	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
first	O
angel	O
left	O
.	O


He	O
poured	O
out	O
his	O
bowl	O
on	O
the	O
land	O
.	O


Then	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
the	O
mark	O
of	O
the	O
beast	O
and	O
who	O
worshiped	O
its	O
idol	O
got	O
sores	O
that	O
were	O
ugly	O
and	O
painful	O
.	O


The	O
second	O
angel	O
poured	O
out	O
his	O
bowl	O
on	O
the	O
sea	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
sea	O
became	O
blood	O
like	O
a	O
dead	O
man	O
's	O
blood	O
.	O


And	O
everything	O
living	O
in	O
the	O
sea	O
died	O
.	O


The	O
third	O
angel	O
poured	O
out	O
his	O
bowl	O
on	O
the	O
rivers	O
and	O
the	O
springs	O
of	O
water	O
.	O


The	O
rivers	O
and	O
the	O
springs	O
of	O
water	O
became	O
blood	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
heard	O
the	O
angel	O
of	O
the	O
waters	O
say	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
are	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
is	O
and	O
who	O
always	O
was	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
the	O
Holy	O
One	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
right	O
in	O
these	O
judgments	O
you	O
have	O
made	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
have	O
spilled	O
the	O
blood	O
of	O
your	O
holy	O
people	O
and	O
your	O
prophets	O
.	O


Now	O
you	O
have	O
given	O
those	O
people	O
blood	O
to	O
drink	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
they	O
deserve	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
I	O
heard	O
the	O
altar	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
Lord	O
God	O
All	O
-	O
Powerful	O
,	O
your	O
judgments	O
are	O
true	O
and	O
right	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
fourth	O
angel	O
poured	O
out	O
his	O
bowl	O
on	O
the	O
sun	O
.	O


The	O
sun	O
was	O
given	O
power	O
to	O
burn	O
the	O
people	O
with	O
fire	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
were	O
burned	O
by	O
the	O
great	O
heat	O
.	O


They	O
cursed	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
control	O
over	O
these	O
plagues	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
refused	O
to	O
change	O
their	O
hearts	O
and	O
lives	O
and	O
give	O
glory	O
to	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
fifth	O
angel	O
poured	O
out	O
his	O
bowl	O
on	O
the	O
throne	O
of	O
the	O
beast	O
.	O


And	O
darkness	O
covered	O
the	O
beast	O
's	O
kingdom	O
.	O


People	O
bit	O
their	O
tongues	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
pain	O
.	O


They	O
cursed	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
heaven	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
pain	O
and	O
the	O
sores	O
they	O
had	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
refused	O
to	O
change	O
their	O
hearts	O
and	O
turn	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
they	O
did	O
.	O


The	O
sixth	O
angel	O
poured	O
out	O
his	O
bowl	O
on	O
the	O
great	O
river	O
Euphrates	O
.	O


The	O
water	O
in	O
the	O
river	O
was	O
dried	O
up	O
.	O


This	O
prepared	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
the	O
rulers	O
from	O
the	O
east	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
saw	O
three	O
evil	O
spirits	O
that	O
looked	O
like	O
frogs	O
.	O


They	O
came	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
mouth	O
of	O
the	O
dragon	O
,	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
mouth	O
of	O
the	O
beast	O
,	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
mouth	O
of	O
the	O
false	O
prophet	O
.	O


These	O
evil	O
spirits	O
are	O
the	O
spirits	O
of	O
demons	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
power	O
to	O
do	O
miracles	O
.	O


They	O
go	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
rulers	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
to	O
gather	O
them	O
for	O
battle	O
on	O
the	O
great	O
day	O
of	O
God	O
All	O
-	O
Powerful	O
.	O


``	O
Listen	O
!	O


I	O
will	O
come	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
expect	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
thief	O
.	O


Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
stay	O
awake	O
and	O
keep	O
their	O
clothes	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
without	O
clothes	O
and	O
be	O
ashamed	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
see	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
evil	O
spirits	O
gathered	O
the	O
rulers	O
together	O
to	O
the	O
place	O
that	O
in	O
Hebrew	O
is	O
called	O
Armageddon	O
.	O


The	O
seventh	O
angel	O
poured	O
out	O
his	O
bowl	O
into	O
the	O
air	O
.	O


Then	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
came	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
temple	O
from	O
the	O
throne	O
.	O


It	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
finished	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
there	O
were	O
flashes	O
of	O
lightning	O
,	O
noises	O
,	O
thunder	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
big	O
earthquake	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
the	O
worst	O
earthquake	O
that	O
has	O
ever	O
happened	O
since	O
people	O
have	O
been	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O


The	O
great	O
city	O
split	O
into	O
three	O
parts	O
.	O


The	O
cities	O
of	O
the	O
nations	O
were	O
destroyed	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
did	O
not	O
forget	O
to	O
punish	O
Babylon	O
the	O
Great	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
that	O
city	O
the	O
cup	O
filled	O
with	O
the	O
wine	O
of	O
his	O
terrible	O
anger	O
.	O


Every	O
island	O
disappeared	O
and	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
more	O
mountains	O
.	O


Giant	O
hailstones	O
fell	O
on	O
the	O
people	O
from	O
the	O
sky	O
.	O


These	O
hailstones	O
weighed	O
almost	O
100	O
pounds	O
each	O
.	O


People	O
cursed	O
God	O
because	O
of	O
this	O
plague	O
of	O
the	O
hail	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
terrible	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
seven	O
angels	O
came	O
and	O
spoke	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
angels	O
that	O
had	O
the	O
seven	O
bowls	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
will	O
show	O
you	O
the	O
punishment	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
famous	O
prostitute	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
sitting	O
over	O
many	O
waters	O
.	O


The	O
rulers	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
sinned	O
sexually	O
with	O
her	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
became	O
drunk	O
from	O
the	O
wine	O
of	O
her	O
sexual	O
sin	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
angel	O
carried	O
me	O
away	O
by	O
the	O
Spirit	O
to	O
the	O
desert	O
.	O


There	O
I	O
saw	O
a	O
woman	O
sitting	O
on	O
a	O
red	O
beast	O
.	O


The	O
beast	O
was	O
covered	O
with	O
evil	O
names	O
.	O


It	O
had	O
seven	O
heads	O
and	O
ten	O
horns	O
.	O


The	O
woman	O
was	O
dressed	O
in	O
purple	O
and	O
red	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
shining	O
with	O
the	O
gold	O
,	O
jewels	O
,	O
and	O
pearls	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
wearing	O
.	O


She	O
had	O
a	O
golden	O
cup	O
in	O
her	O
hand	O
.	O


This	O
cup	O
was	O
filled	O
with	O
terribly	O
evil	O
things	O
and	O
the	O
filth	O
of	O
her	O
sexual	O
sin	O
.	O


She	O
had	O
a	O
title	O
written	O
on	O
her	O
forehead	O
.	O


This	O
title	O
has	O
a	O
hidden	O
meaning	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
was	O
written	O
:	O
the	O
great	O
babylon	O
mother	O
of	O
prostitutes	O
and	O
the	O
evil	O
things	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
I	O
saw	O
that	O
the	O
woman	O
was	O
drunk	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
drunk	O
with	O
the	O
blood	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
drunk	O
with	O
the	O
blood	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
told	O
about	O
their	O
faith	O
in	O
Jesus	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
saw	O
the	O
woman	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
fully	O
amazed	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
angel	O
said	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
``	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
amazed	O
?	O


I	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
the	O
hidden	O
meaning	O
of	O
this	O
woman	O
and	O
the	O
beast	O
she	O
rides	O
--	O
the	O
beast	O
with	O
seven	O
heads	O
and	O
ten	O
horns	O
.	O


The	O
beast	O
you	O
saw	O
was	O
once	O
alive	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
come	O
up	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
bottomless	O
pit	O
and	O
go	O
away	O
to	O
be	O
destroyed	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
who	O
live	O
on	O
the	O
earth	O
will	O
be	O
amazed	O
when	O
they	O
see	O
the	O
beast	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
once	O
alive	O
,	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
living	O
,	O
but	O
will	O
come	O
again	O
.	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
people	O
whose	O
names	O
have	O
never	O
been	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
book	O
of	O
life	O
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


``	O
You	O
need	O
wisdom	O
to	O
understand	O
this	O
.	O


The	O
seven	O
heads	O
on	O
the	O
beast	O
are	O
the	O
seven	O
hills	O
where	O
the	O
woman	O
sits	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
also	O
seven	O
rulers	O
.	O


Five	O
of	O
the	O
rulers	O
have	O
already	O
died	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
rulers	O
lives	O
now	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
last	O
ruler	O
is	O
coming	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
comes	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
stay	O
only	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
.	O


The	O
beast	O
that	O
was	O
once	O
alive	O
but	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
living	O
is	O
an	O
eighth	O
ruler	O
.	O


This	O
eighth	O
ruler	O
also	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
first	O
seven	O
rulers	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
will	O
go	O
away	O
to	O
be	O
destroyed	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
ten	O
horns	O
you	O
saw	O
are	O
ten	O
rulers	O
.	O


These	O
ten	O
rulers	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
received	O
their	O
kingdom	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
will	O
receive	O
power	O
to	O
rule	O
with	O
the	O
beast	O
for	O
one	O
hour	O
.	O


All	O
ten	O
of	O
these	O
rulers	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
purpose	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
will	O
give	O
their	O
power	O
and	O
authority	O
to	O
the	O
beast	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
make	O
war	O
against	O
the	O
Lamb	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
Lamb	O
will	O
defeat	O
them	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
is	O
Lord	O
of	O
lords	O
and	O
King	O
of	O
kings	O
.	O


And	O
with	O
him	O
will	O
be	O
his	O
chosen	O
and	O
faithful	O
followers	O
--	O
the	O
people	O
he	O
has	O
called	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
angel	O
said	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
``	O
You	O
saw	O
the	O
waters	O
where	O
the	O
prostitute	O
sits	O
.	O


These	O
waters	O
are	O
the	O
many	O
peoples	O
,	O
the	O
different	O
races	O
,	O
nations	O
,	O
and	O
languages	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
beast	O
and	O
the	O
ten	O
horns	O
you	O
saw	O
will	O
hate	O
the	O
prostitute	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
take	O
everything	O
she	O
has	O
and	O
leave	O
her	O
naked	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
eat	O
her	O
flesh	O
and	O
destroy	O
her	O
with	O
fire	O
.	O


God	O
put	O
the	O
idea	O
in	O
their	O
minds	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
would	O
complete	O
his	O
purpose	O
.	O


They	O
agreed	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
beast	O
their	O
power	O
to	O
rule	O
until	O
what	O
God	O
has	O
said	O
is	O
completed	O
.	O


The	O
woman	O
you	O
saw	O
is	O
the	O
great	O
city	O
that	O
rules	O
over	O
the	O
kings	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
I	O
saw	O
another	O
angel	O
coming	O
down	O
from	O
heaven	O
.	O


This	O
angel	O
had	O
great	O
power	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
's	O
glory	O
made	O
the	O
earth	O
bright	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
shouted	O
with	O
a	O
powerful	O
voice	O
,	O
``	O
She	O
is	O
destroyed	O
!	O


The	O
great	O
city	O
of	O
Babylon	O
is	O
destroyed	O
!	O


She	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
home	O
for	O
demons	O
.	O


That	O
city	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
place	O
for	O
every	O
unclean	O
spirit	O
to	O
live	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
a	O
city	O
filled	O
with	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
unclean	O
birds	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
every	O
unclean	O
and	O
hated	O
animal	O
lives	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
peoples	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
have	O
drunk	O
the	O
wine	O
of	O
her	O
sexual	O
sin	O
and	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
anger	O
.	O


The	O
rulers	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
sinned	O
sexually	O
with	O
her	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
merchants	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
grew	O
rich	O
from	O
the	O
great	O
wealth	O
of	O
her	O
luxury	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
I	O
heard	O
another	O
voice	O
from	O
heaven	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
out	O
of	O
that	O
city	O
,	O
my	O
people	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
share	O
in	O
her	O
sins	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
suffer	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
terrible	O
punishment	O
she	O
will	O
get	O
.	O


That	O
city	O
's	O
sins	O
are	O
piled	O
up	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
heaven	O
.	O


God	O
has	O
not	O
forgotten	O
the	O
wrongs	O
she	O
has	O
done	O
.	O


Give	O
that	O
city	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
she	O
gave	O
to	O
others	O
.	O


Pay	O
her	O
back	O
twice	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
she	O
did	O
.	O


Prepare	O
wine	O
for	O
her	O
that	O
is	O
twice	O
as	O
strong	O
as	O
the	O
wine	O
she	O
prepared	O
for	O
others	O
.	O


She	O
gave	O
herself	O
much	O
glory	O
and	O
rich	O
living	O
.	O


Give	O
her	O
that	O
much	O
suffering	O
and	O
sadness	O
.	O


She	O
says	O
to	O
herself	O
,	O
'	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
queen	O
sitting	O
on	O
my	O
throne	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
a	O
widow	O
;	O
I	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
sad	O
.	O
'	O


So	O
in	O
one	O
day	O
she	O
will	O
suffer	O
great	O
hunger	O
,	O
mourning	O
,	O
and	O
death	O
.	O


She	O
will	O
be	O
destroyed	O
by	O
fire	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
Lord	O
God	O
who	O
judges	O
her	O
is	O
powerful	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
rulers	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
who	O
sinned	O
sexually	O
with	O
her	O
and	O
shared	O
her	O
wealth	O
will	O
see	O
the	O
smoke	O
from	O
her	O
burning	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
will	O
cry	O
and	O
be	O
sad	O
because	O
of	O
her	O
death	O
.	O


The	O
rulers	O
will	O
be	O
afraid	O
of	O
her	O
suffering	O
and	O
stand	O
far	O
away	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Terrible	O
!	O


How	O
terrible	O
,	O
O	O
great	O
city	O
,	O
O	O
powerful	O
city	O
of	O
Babylon	O
!	O


Your	O
punishment	O
came	O
in	O
one	O
hour	O
!	O
'	O


``	O
And	O
the	O
merchants	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
will	O
cry	O
and	O
be	O
sad	O
for	O
her	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
sad	O
because	O
now	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
one	O
to	O
buy	O
the	O
things	O
they	O
sell	O
--	O
gold	O
,	O
silver	O
,	O
jewels	O
,	O
pearls	O
,	O
fine	O
linen	O
cloth	O
,	O
purple	O
cloth	O
,	O
silk	O
,	O
and	O
scarlet	O
cloth	O
,	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
citron	O
wood	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
things	O
made	O
from	O
ivory	O
,	O
expensive	O
wood	O
,	O
bronze	O
,	O
iron	O
,	O
and	O
marble	O
.	O


They	O
also	O
sell	O
cinnamon	O
,	O
spice	O
,	O
incense	O
,	O
frankincense	O
,	O
myrrh	O
,	O
wine	O
,	O
olive	O
oil	O
,	O
fine	O
flour	O
,	O
wheat	O
,	O
cattle	O
,	O
sheep	O
,	O
horses	O
,	O
carriages	O
,	O
and	O
slaves	O
--	O
yes	O
,	O
even	O
human	O
lives	O
.	O


The	O
merchants	O
will	O
cry	O
and	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
O	O
Babylon	O
,	O
the	O
good	O
things	O
you	O
wanted	O
have	O
left	O
you	O
.	O


All	O
your	O
rich	O
and	O
fancy	O
things	O
have	O
disappeared	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
never	O
have	O
them	O
again	O
.	O
'	O


``	O
The	O
merchants	O
will	O
be	O
afraid	O
of	O
her	O
suffering	O
and	O
will	O
stand	O
far	O
away	O
from	O
her	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
became	O
rich	O
from	O
selling	O
those	O
things	O
to	O
her	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
cry	O
and	O
be	O
sad	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
Terrible	O
!	O


How	O
terrible	O
for	O
the	O
great	O
city	O
!	O


She	O
was	O
dressed	O
in	O
fine	O
linen	O
;	O
she	O
wore	O
purple	O
and	O
scarlet	O
cloth	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
shining	O
with	O
gold	O
,	O
jewels	O
,	O
and	O
pearls	O
!	O


All	O
these	O
riches	O
have	O
been	O
destroyed	O
in	O
one	O
hour	O
!	O
'	O


``	O
Every	O
sea	O
captain	O
,	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
travel	O
on	O
ships	O
,	O
the	O
sailors	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
earn	O
money	O
from	O
the	O
sea	O
stood	O
far	O
away	O
from	O
Babylon	O
.	O


They	O
saw	O
the	O
smoke	O
from	O
her	O
burning	O
.	O


They	O
cried	O
out	O
,	O
'	O
There	O
was	O
never	O
a	O
city	O
like	O
this	O
great	O
city	O
!	O
'	O


They	O
threw	O
dust	O
on	O
their	O
heads	O
and	O
cried	O
loudly	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
deep	O
sorrow	O
they	O
felt	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
,	O
'	O
Terrible	O
!	O


How	O
terrible	O
for	O
the	O
great	O
city	O
!	O


All	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
ships	O
on	O
the	O
sea	O
became	O
rich	O
because	O
of	O
her	O
wealth	O
!	O


But	O
she	O
has	O
been	O
destroyed	O
in	O
one	O
hour	O
!	O


Be	O
happy	O
because	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
O	O
heaven	O
!	O


Be	O
happy	O
,	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
and	O
apostles	O
and	O
prophets	O
!	O


God	O
has	O
punished	O
her	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
she	O
did	O
to	O
you	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


Then	O
a	O
powerful	O
angel	O
picked	O
up	O
a	O
large	O
rock	O
.	O


This	O
rock	O
was	O
as	O
big	O
as	O
a	O
large	O
millstone	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
threw	O
the	O
rock	O
into	O
the	O
sea	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
That	O
is	O
how	O
the	O
great	O
city	O
of	O
Babylon	O
will	O
be	O
thrown	O
down	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
found	O
again	O
.	O


O	O
Babylon	O
,	O
the	O
music	O
of	O
people	O
playing	O
harps	O
and	O
other	O
instruments	O
,	O
flutes	O
and	O
trumpets	O
,	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
heard	O
in	O
you	O
again	O
.	O


No	O
worker	O
doing	O
any	O
job	O
will	O
ever	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
you	O
again	O
.	O


The	O
sound	O
of	O
a	O
millstone	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
heard	O
in	O
you	O
again	O
.	O


The	O
light	O
of	O
a	O
lamp	O
will	O
never	O
shine	O
in	O
you	O
again	O
.	O


The	O
voices	O
of	O
a	O
bridegroom	O
and	O
bride	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
heard	O
in	O
you	O
again	O
.	O


Your	O
merchants	O
were	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
great	O
people	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
nations	O
were	O
tricked	O
by	O
your	O
magic	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
guilty	O
of	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
,	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
holy	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
killed	O
on	O
earth	O
.	O
''	O


Then	O
I	O
saw	O
a	O
new	O
heaven	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
ear	O
th	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
heaven	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
ear	O
th	O
had	O
disappeared	O
.	O


Now	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
sea	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
saw	O
the	O
ho	O
ly	O
city	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
Jerusa	O
lem	O
,	O
coming	O
down	O
out	O
of	O
heaven	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
prepared	O
like	O
a	O
bride	O
dressed	O
for	O
her	O
husband	O
.	O


I	O
heard	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
from	O
the	O
throne	O
.	O


It	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Now	O
God	O
's	O
home	O
is	O
with	O
people	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
live	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


God	O
himself	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
them	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
their	O
God	O
.	O


He	O
will	O
wipe	O
away	O
every	O
tear	O
from	O
their	O
eyes	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
more	O
death	O
,	O
sadness	O
,	O
crying	O
,	O
or	O
pain	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
old	O
ways	O
are	O
gone	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
one	O
who	O
was	O
sitting	O
on	O
the	O
throne	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Look	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
making	O
everything	O
new	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Write	O
this	O
,	O
because	O
these	O
words	O
are	O
true	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
trusted	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
one	O
on	O
the	O
throne	O
said	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
finished	O
!	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
Alpha	O
and	O
the	O
Omega	O
,	O
the	O
Beginning	O
and	O
the	O
End	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
give	O
free	O
water	O
from	O
the	O
spring	O
of	O
the	O
water	O
of	O
life	O
to	O
anyone	O
who	O
is	O
thirsty	O
.	O


All	O
those	O
who	O
win	O
the	O
victory	O
will	O
receive	O
all	O
this	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
their	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
my	O
children	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
cowards	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
refuse	O
to	O
believe	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
terrible	O
things	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
kill	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
sin	O
sexually	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
evil	O
magic	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
worship	O
idols	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
tell	O
lies	O
--	O
they	O
will	O
all	O
have	O
a	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
lake	O
of	O
burning	O
sulfur	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
second	O
death	O
.	O
''	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
seven	O
angels	O
came	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
angels	O
who	O
had	O
the	O
seven	O
bowls	O
full	O
of	O
the	O
seven	O
last	O
plagues	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
show	O
you	O
the	O
bride	O
,	O
the	O
wife	O
of	O
the	O
Lamb	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
angel	O
carried	O
me	O
away	O
by	O
the	O
Spirit	O
to	O
a	O
very	O
large	O
and	O
high	O
mountain	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
showed	O
me	O
the	O
holy	O
city	O
,	O
Jerusalem	O
.	O


The	O
city	O
was	O
coming	O
down	O
out	O
of	O
heaven	O
from	O
God	O
.	O


The	O
city	O
was	O
shining	O
with	O
the	O
glory	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
shining	O
bright	O
like	O
a	O
very	O
expensive	O
jewel	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
jasper	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
clear	O
as	O
crystal	O
.	O


The	O
city	O
had	O
a	O
large	O
,	O
high	O
wall	O
with	O
twelve	O
gates	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
twelve	O
angels	O
at	O
the	O
gates	O
.	O


On	O
each	O
gate	O
was	O
written	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
twelve	O
tribes	O
of	O
Israel	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
three	O
gates	O
on	O
the	O
east	O
,	O
three	O
gates	O
on	O
the	O
north	O
,	O
three	O
gates	O
on	O
the	O
south	O
,	O
and	O
three	O
gates	O
on	O
the	O
west	O
.	O


The	O
walls	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
were	O
built	O
on	O
twelve	O
foundation	O
stones	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
stones	O
were	O
written	O
the	O
names	O
of	O
the	O
twelve	O
apostles	O
of	O
the	O
Lamb	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
who	O
talked	O
with	O
me	O
had	O
a	O
measuring	O
rod	O
made	O
of	O
gold	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
had	O
this	O
rod	O
to	O
measure	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
its	O
gates	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
wall	O
.	O


The	O
city	O
was	O
built	O
in	O
a	O
square	O
.	O


Its	O
length	O
was	O
equal	O
to	O
its	O
width	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
measured	O
the	O
city	O
with	O
the	O
rod	O
.	O


The	O
city	O
was	O
12	O
,	O
000	O
stadia	O
long	O
,	O
12	O
,	O
000	O
stadia	O
wide	O
,	O
and	O
12	O
,	O
000	O
stadia	O
high	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
also	O
measured	O
the	O
wall	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
144	O
cubits	O
high	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
The	O
angel	O
was	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
measurement	O
that	O
people	O
use	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
wall	O
was	O
made	O
of	O
jasper	O
.	O


The	O
city	O
was	O
made	O
of	O
pure	O
gold	O
,	O
as	O
pure	O
as	O
glass	O
.	O


The	O
foundation	O
stones	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
walls	O
had	O
every	O
kind	O
of	O
expensive	O
jewels	O
in	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
foundation	O
stone	O
was	O
jasper	O
,	O
the	O
second	O
was	O
sapphire	O
,	O
the	O
third	O
was	O
chalcedony	O
,	O
the	O
fourth	O
was	O
emerald	O
,	O
the	O
fifth	O
was	O
onyx	O
,	O
the	O
sixth	O
was	O
carnelian	O
,	O
the	O
seventh	O
was	O
yellow	O
quartz	O
,	O
the	O
eighth	O
was	O
beryl	O
,	O
the	O
ninth	O
was	O
topaz	O
,	O
the	O
tenth	O
was	O
chrysoprase	O
,	O
the	O
eleventh	O
was	O
jacinth	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
twelfth	O
was	O
amethyst	O
.	O


The	O
twelve	O
gates	O
were	O
twelve	O
pearls	O
.	O


Each	O
gate	O
was	O
made	O
from	O
one	O
pearl	O
.	O


The	O
street	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
was	O
made	O
of	O
pure	O
gold	O
,	O
as	O
clear	O
as	O
glass	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
not	O
see	O
a	O
temple	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
God	O
All	O
-	O
Powerful	O
and	O
the	O
Lamb	O
were	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
temple	O
.	O


The	O
city	O
did	O
not	O
need	O
the	O
sun	O
or	O
the	O
moon	O
to	O
shine	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
glory	O
of	O
God	O
gave	O
the	O
city	O
light	O
.	O


The	O
Lamb	O
was	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
lamp	O
.	O


The	O
peoples	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
will	O
walk	O
by	O
the	O
light	O
given	O
by	O
the	O
Lamb	O
.	O


The	O
rulers	O
of	O
the	O
earth	O
will	O
bring	O
their	O
glory	O
into	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


The	O
city	O
's	O
gates	O
will	O
never	O
close	O
on	O
any	O
day	O
,	O
because	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
night	O
there	O
.	O


The	O
greatness	O
and	O
the	O
honor	O
of	O
the	O
nations	O
will	O
be	O
brought	O
into	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


Nothing	O
unclean	O
will	O
ever	O
enter	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
who	O
does	O
shameful	O
things	O
or	O
tells	O
lies	O
will	O
ever	O
enter	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


Only	O
those	O
whose	O
names	O
are	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
Lamb	O
's	O
book	O
of	O
life	O
will	O
enter	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


The	O
angel	O
showed	O
me	O
the	O
river	O
of	O
the	O
water	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
clear	O
as	O
crystal	O
.	O


The	O
river	O
flows	O
from	O
the	O
throne	O
of	O
God	O
and	O
the	O
Lamb	O
.	O


It	O
flows	O
down	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
street	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


The	O
tree	O
of	O
life	O
is	O
on	O
each	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
river	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
produces	O
fruit	O
every	O
month	O
,	O
twelve	O
times	O
a	O
year	O
.	O


The	O
leaves	O
of	O
the	O
tree	O
are	O
for	O
healing	O
the	O
nations	O
.	O


Nothing	O
that	O
God	O
judges	O
guilty	O
will	O
be	O
there	O
in	O
that	O
city	O
.	O


The	O
throne	O
of	O
God	O
and	O
the	O
Lamb	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
servants	O
will	O
worship	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
see	O
his	O
face	O
.	O


God	O
's	O
name	O
will	O
be	O
written	O
on	O
their	O
foreheads	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
night	O
again	O
.	O


People	O
will	O
not	O
need	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
a	O
lamp	O
or	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
sun	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
God	O
will	O
give	O
them	O
light	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
will	O
rule	O
like	O
kings	O
forever	O
and	O
ever	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
angel	O
said	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
``	O
These	O
words	O
are	O
true	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
trusted	O
.	O


The	O
Lord	O
,	O
the	O
God	O
of	O
the	O
spirits	O
of	O
the	O
prophets	O
,	O
has	O
sent	O
his	O
angel	O
to	O
show	O
his	O
servants	O
what	O
must	O
happen	O
soon	O
:	O
'	O
Listen	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
coming	O
soon	O
!	O


Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
obeys	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
prophecy	O
in	O
this	O
book	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


I	O
am	O
John	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
heard	O
and	O
saw	O
these	O
things	O
.	O


After	O
I	O
heard	O
and	O
saw	O
them	O
,	O
I	O
bowed	O
down	O
to	O
worship	O
at	O
the	O
feet	O
of	O
the	O
angel	O
who	O
showed	O
them	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
angel	O
said	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
worship	O
me	O
!	O


I	O
am	O
a	O
servant	O
like	O
you	O
and	O
your	O
brothers	O
the	O
prophets	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
a	O
servant	O
like	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
obey	O
the	O
words	O
in	O
this	O
book	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
worship	O
God	O
!	O
''	O


Then	O
the	O
angel	O
told	O
me	O
,	O
``	O
Do	O
n't	O
keep	O
secret	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
prophecy	O
in	O
this	O
book	O
.	O


The	O
time	O
is	O
near	O
for	O
these	O
things	O
to	O
happen	O
.	O


Let	O
anyone	O
who	O
is	O
doing	O
wrong	O
continue	O
to	O
do	O
wrong	O
.	O


Let	O
anyone	O
who	O
is	O
unclean	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
unclean	O
.	O


Let	O
anyone	O
who	O
is	O
doing	O
right	O
continue	O
to	O
do	O
right	O
.	O


Let	O
anyone	O
who	O
is	O
holy	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
holy	O
.	O
''	O


``	O
Listen	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
coming	O
soon	O
!	O


I	O
will	O
bring	O
rewards	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
repay	O
everyone	O
for	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
Alpha	O
and	O
the	O
Omega	O
,	O
the	O
First	O
and	O
the	O
Last	O
,	O
the	O
Beginning	O
and	O
the	O
End	O
.	O


``	O
Great	O
blessings	O
belong	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
washed	O
their	O
robes	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
eat	O
the	O
food	O
from	O
the	O
tree	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


They	O
can	O
go	O
through	O
the	O
gates	O
into	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


Outside	O
the	O
city	O
are	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
live	O
like	O
dogs	O
--	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
evil	O
magic	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
sin	O
sexually	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
murder	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
worship	O
idols	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
love	O
to	O
lie	O
and	O
pretend	O
to	O
be	O
good	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
,	O
Jesus	O
,	O
have	O
sent	O
my	O
angel	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
these	O
things	O
for	O
the	O
churches	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
descendant	O
from	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
David	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
the	O
bright	O
morning	O
star	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Spirit	O
and	O
the	O
bride	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
!	O
''	O


Everyone	O
who	O
hears	O
this	O
should	O
also	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
Come	O
!	O
''	O


All	O
who	O
are	O
thirsty	O
may	O
come	O
;	O
they	O
can	O
have	O
the	O
water	O
of	O
life	O
as	O
a	O
free	O
gift	O
if	O
they	O
want	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
warn	O
everyone	O
who	O
hears	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
prophecy	O
in	O
this	O
book	O
:	O
If	O
anyone	O
adds	O
anything	O
to	O
these	O
,	O
God	O
will	O
give	O
that	O
person	O
the	O
plagues	O
written	O
about	O
in	O
this	O
book	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
anyone	O
takes	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
this	O
book	O
of	O
prophecy	O
,	O
God	O
will	O
take	O
away	O
that	O
person	O
's	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
tree	O
of	O
life	O
and	O
of	O
the	O
holy	O
city	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
written	O
about	O
in	O
this	O
book	O
.	O


Jesus	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
says	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


Now	O
he	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
Yes	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
coming	O
soon	O
.	O
''	O


Amen	O
!	O


Come	O
,	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
!	O


The	O
grace	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	O
Jesus	O
be	O
with	O
all	O
people	O
.	O


And	O
guess	O
who	O
called	O
here	O
last	O
night	O
,	O
looking	O
for	O
your	O
address	O
?	O


Who	O
?	O


Adam	B-PERSON
Holnick	I-PERSON


Adam	B-PERSON
Holnick	I-PERSON
?	I-PERSON


Why	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
mommy	O
and	O
I	O
were	O
seated	O
with	O
his	O
mother	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
this	O
is	O
why	O
.	O
mhm	O
At	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
's	O
wedding	O


uh-huh	O


and	O
,	O
yeah	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
just	O
talking	O
about	O
you	O


mhm	O


and	O
she	O
said	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
sure	O
Adam	B-PERSON
would	O
love	O
to	O
get	O
in	O
touch	O
with	O
you	O
,	O


well	O
guess	O
what	O
,	O


he	O
does	O


oh	O
okay	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
nice	O
guy	O
and	O
all	O


uh-huh	O


Does	O
he	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
live	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
here	O
now	O
?	O


well	O
he	O
does	O
now	O
since	O
Alex	B-PERSON
gave	O
him	O
your	O
address	O


oh	O
okay	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
funny	O


oh	O
okay	O
,	O


and	O
%hm	O
%um	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
other	O
things	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
talking	O
to	O
Spencer	B-PERSON


uh-huh	O


and	O
he	O
needs	O
to	O
know	O
whether	O
there	O
'll	O
be	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
set	O
up	O
,	O
or	O
just	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
set	O
up	O


just	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL


now	O
the	O
set	O
up	O
would	O
be	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
everybody	O
being	O
photographed	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
place	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
know	O
,	O


yeah	O


just	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL


one	B-CARDINAL
.	O


okay	O


and	O
then	O
he	O
needs	O
to	O
kno-	O


but	O
just	O
tell	O
him	O
I	O
want	O
black	O
velvet	O


%huh	O
?	O


I	O
want	O
black	O
velvet	O
okay	O
backdrop	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
it	O
really	O


okay	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


and	O
then	O
%uh	O
,	O
he	O
needs	O
to	O
know	O
how	O
many	O
different	O
shots	O
you	O
anticipate	O


yeah	O


I	O
have	O
to	O
think	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


okay	O
,	O


okay	O
.	O


we	O
'll	O


I	O
told	O
him	O
how	O
many	O
rolls	O
I	O
wanted	O


uh-huh	O


%um	O
,	O
did	O
he	O
,	O


I	O
told	O
him	O
I	O
wanted	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
quarter	I-CARDINAL


okay	O
,	O


okay	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
might	O
actually	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
ten	I-CARDINAL


mhm	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
obviously	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
the	O
expenses	O
go	O
up	O
the	O
more	O
he	O
has	O
to	O
shoot	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


yeah	O


Like	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
rolls	O
he	O
shoots	O
and	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
--	O
oh	O
yeah	O
--	O
thing	O


no	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
,	O


well	O
yeah	O
,	O


because	O
he	O
has	O
to	O
take	O
it	O
to	O
a	O
place	O
and	O
then	O
got	O
a	O
contact	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
and	O
right	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O


right	O
,	O


right	O
.	O


Well	O
will	O
all	O
of	O
it	O
be	O
black	O
and	O
white	O
?	O


%um	O
yes	O


yes	O
alright	O


and	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
cost	O
too	O
much	O
,	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
buy	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
rolls	O
,	O


whichever	O
roll	O
is	O
the	O
nicest	O
one	O
uh-huh	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
buy	O
that	O
roll	O


uh-huh	O


okay	O


okay	O


okay	O
,	O


so	O
you	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
think	O
about	O
how	O
many	O
different	O
shots	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
like	O
people	O
setups	O


mhm	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


and	O
then	O
do	O
you	O
actually	O
want	O
any	O
photograph	O
taken	O
during	O
the	O
ceremony	O
itself	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
so	O
.	O


what	O
do	O
you	O
think	O


okay	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
tacky	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


no	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
either	O
.	O


okay	O


mommy	O
never	O
no-	O


mommy	O
and	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
any	O
at	O
all	O


no	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
hard	O
enough	O
,	O


and	O
%uh	O
yeah	O
right	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
g-	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
that	O


right	O


and	O
because	O
in	O
that	O
environment	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
,	O


I	O
think	O
you	O
're	O
right	O
on	O
that	O
,	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
awkward	O
.	O


mhm	O


%um	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
better	O
actually	O
,	O


so	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
know	O
,	O


this	O
way	O
he	O
could	O
just	O
take	O
all	O
the	O
pictures	O
he	O
needs	O
to	O
take	O
actually	O
before	O
the	O
ceremony	O
itself	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


and	O
what	O
I	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
do	O
which	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
heard	O
about	O
people	O
doing	O
elsewhere	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
color	O
ones	O
during	O
the	O
meal	O
%hm	O
is	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
put	O
some	O
of	O
those	O
disposable	O
cameras	O
on	O
some	O
tables	O
and	O
let	O
,	O
you	O
know	O


mhm	O
mhm	O
mhm	O


because	O
then	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
sure	O
to	O
get	O
pictures	O
from	O
my	O
friends	O
and	O
stuff	O


mhm	O
,	O
mhm	O


yeah	O
,	O


that	O
's	O
good	O


that	O
's	O
good	O


everything	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
of	O
that	O
?	O


yeah	O


that	O
's	O
fine	O
.	O


okay	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
fine	O
.	O


mhm	O


okay	O
,	O


well	O
I	O
told	O
him	O
I	O
would	O
get	O
back	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


How	O
many	O
rolls	O
did	O
you	O
tell	O
him	O
?	O


I	O
told	O
him	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
quarter	I-CARDINAL
,	O


but	O
okay	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
than	O
that	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


like	B-CARDINAL
twelve	I-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
fifteen	I-CARDINAL
.	I-CARDINAL


uh-huh	O


yeah	O


okay	O


well	O
anyway	O
,	O
what	O
you	O
do	O
have	O
to	O
think	O
about	O
is	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
sort	O
of	O
people	O
poses	O


mhm	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


no	O
I	O
do	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


because	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
%ah	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
to	O
allot	O
enough	O
time	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
accomplish	O
all	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


mhm	O


you	O
know	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
as	O
if	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
know	O
what	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
at	O
Drexel	B-ORG
you	O
know	O
,	O
when	O
we	O
have	O
bunches	O
of	O
people	O
getting	O
their	O
pictures	O
taken	O


mhm	O


%uh	O
,	O
it	O
takes	O
a	O
while	O
to	O
get	O
them	O
appropriately	O
set	O
up	O
you	O
know	O


and	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
several	O
shots	O
of	O
each	O
grouping	O


and	O
mhm	O
all	O
of	O
that	O
can	O
take	O
a	O
considerable	O
amount	O
of	O
time	O


yeah	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
'll	O
think	O
about	O
all	O
that	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O
okay	O


and	O
%uh	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
'm	O
also	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
music	O
that	O
I	O
want	O
the	O
D	O
J	O
to	O
play	O


yeah	O
,	O


okay	O


well	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
any	O
time	O
you	O
f-	O
,	O


you	O
could	O
probably	O
let	O
them	O
know	O
that	O
when	O
you	O
come	O
back	O
here	O


you	O
think	O
so	O


I	O
would	O
think	O
so	O


okay	O


I	O
can	O
call	O
him	O
and	O
ask	O
him	O
,	O
%ah	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
can	O
probably	O
let	O
them	O
know	O
pretty	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
time	O
itself	O


okay	O


but	O
anyway	O
,	O
we	O
'll	O
find	O
out	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


%mm	O


%um	O
,	O
i-	O


you	O
know	O
the	O
invitations	O
have	O
gone	O
out	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
information	O
on	O
travel	O
in	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE
,	O


I	O
sent	O
a	O
map	O


mhm	O
mhm	O


lots	O
of	O
people	O
can	O
see	O
how	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
the	B-FAC
Art	I-FAC
Alliance	I-FAC
you	O
know	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
nice	O
dad	O


%uh	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
from	O
out	O
of	O
town	O


uh-huh	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
also	O
sent	O
them	O
information	O
on	O
hotels	O


It	O
turns	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
Barclay	B-FAC
okay	O
okay	O
is	O
actually	O
the	O


right	O
next	O
door	O


it	O
's	O
actually	O
the	O
best	O
deal	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
'll	O
give	O
me	O
the	O
best	O
deal	O


oh	O
really	O
,	O


wait	O
,	O


hold	O
on	O
,	O


let	O
me	O
get	O
a	O
pen	O
to	O
write	O
this	O
down	O


uh-huh	O


okay	O


I	O
mean	O
the	O
Barclay	B-FAC
,	O
which	O
is	O
right	O
across	O
the	O
street	O
,	O
will	O


it	O
's	O
right	O
next	O
door	O
,	O
right	O


yeah	O
,	O
right	O
directly	O
across	O
the	O
street	O


okay	O


%um	O
,	O
is	O
%um	O
,	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
ninety	B-MONEY
nine	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
for	O
a	O
double	O
,	O
and	O
eighty	B-MONEY
nine	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
for	O
a	O
single	O
,	O


is	O
that	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
Alex	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


it	O
's	O
eighty	B-CARDINAL
nine	I-CARDINAL
for	O
a	O
single	O
,	O
and	O
ninety	B-CARDINAL
nine	I-CARDINAL
for	O
a	O
double	O


okay	O
,	O


did	O
you	O
check	O
on	O
triples	O
or	O
no	O


%ah	O
,	O
no	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O


but	O
I	O
could	O
do	O
that	O
easily	O


okay	O


%uh	O
,	O
I	O
bic-	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
deal	O
,	O


that	O
's	O
not	O
%um	O
yeah	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
the	O
regular	O
price	O
the	O
regular	O
price	O
is	O
a	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
twenty	I-CARDINAL
the	O
regular	O
rate	O
?	O


okay	O
,	O


so	O
we	O
're	O
taking	O
twenty	B-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
off	O
?	O


yeah	O
they	O
're	O
taking	O
twenty	B-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
off	O
.	O


okay	O


at	O
the	B-FAC
Holiday	I-FAC
Inn	I-FAC
is	O
actually	O
the	O
same	O
price	O
.	O


the	B-ORG
Holiday	I-ORG
Inn	I-ORG
man	O
that	O
sounded	O
yucky	O
%um	O
area	O
was	O
ninety	B-MONEY
nine	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
for	O
a	O
double	O
,	O
without	O
a	O
continental	O
breakfast	O
,	O
and	O
a	B-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
and	I-MONEY
fourteen	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
with	O
the	O
continental	O
breakfast	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
for	O
two	B-CARDINAL


m-	O


so	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
Barclay	B-FAC
,	O
do	O
you	O
get	O
breakfast	O
?	O


no	O


no	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
room	O


okay	O


okay	O


the	O
room	O
cost	O
is	O
that	O


okay	O


okay	O


mhm	O


but	O
I	O
mean	O
you	O
know	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
I	O
do	O
that	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
relatively	O
inexpensive	O
meal	O
you	O
walk	O
up	O
to	O
Diner	B-FAC
On	I-FAC
The	I-FAC
Square	I-FAC
,	O
two	B-QUANTITY
blocks	I-QUANTITY
away	O


yeah	O
.	O


exactly	O


and	O
so	O
%um	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
in	O
that	O
area	O
of	O
Penn	B-LOC
you	O
can	O
actually	O
eat	O
quite	O
inexpensively	O


mhm	O


%uh	O
,	O
because	O
there	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
%um	O
of	O
Asian	B-NORP
restaurants	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
walk	O
to	O
within	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
blocks	O


mhm	O


and	O
so	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
it	O


no	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
there	O
's	O
Italian	B-NORP
restaurants	O
right	O
around	O
there	O
too	O
you	O
know	O


yeah	O


I	O
mean	O
there	O
are	O
lots	O
of	O
places	O
where	O
people	O
could	O
eat	O
relatively	O
inexpensively	O
around	O
the	O
Barclay	B-FAC


yeah	O


%um	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
that	O
actually	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
deal	O
okay	O
%uh	O
,	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
arranged	O


and	O
so	O
I	O
you	O
know	O
sent	O
a	O
written	O
statement	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
from	O
out	O
of	O
town	O
indicating	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
their	O
options	O
are	O


okay	O


and	O
they	O
all	O
have	O
the	O
map	O
as	O
well	O


okay	O


okay	O
.	O


so	O
all	O
of	O
that	O
is	O
working	O
out	O
quite	O
nicely	O


okay	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
turns	O
out	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
%um	O
bed	O
and	O
breakfast	O
is	O
cheaper	O
that	O


okay	O


well	O
I	O
can	O
find	O
out	O
about	O
that	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
do	O
that	O
yet	O


yeah	O
,	O


should	O
I	O
give	O
you	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
it	O
?	O


The	B-FAC
Reserve	I-FAC


Reserve	B-FAC


yeah	O
,	O


no	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
do	O
that	O
one	O
yet	O


okay	O


%uh	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
could	O
do	O
that	O
and	O
let	O
you	O
know	O


yeah	O
,	O


could	O
you	O
ask	O
about	O
whether	O
they	O
'll	O
do	O
triples	O
there	O
uh-huh	O
and	O
rooms	O
with	O
a	O
bathroom	O
?	O


uh-huh	O


okay	O


Patroli	B-PERSON
's	O
mother	O
and	O
grandmothers	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
you	O
know	O


uh-huh	O


Is	O
his	O
father	O
not	O
coming	O
?	O


no	O


okay	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
mother	O
and	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
grandmothers	O
,	O
and	O
and	O
his	O
uncle	O
?	O


%uh	O
,	O
no	O
,	O
his	O
uncle	O
's	O
not	O
coming	O
here	O
,	O


his	O
uncle	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
watching	O
the	O
grandfather	O


oh	O
,	O
I	O
see	O


%um	O
,	O
no	O
it	O
's	O
%ah	O
the	O
person	O
he	O
works	O
for	O
who	O
's	O
like	O
a	O
really	O
good	O
family	O
friend	O


oh	O
,	O
you	O
mean	O
the	O
person	O
Charlie	B-PERSON
works	O
for	O
?	O


yeah	O


oh	O
.	O
what	O
's	O
his	O
name	O


name	O
?	O


Graham	B-PERSON


well	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
thought	O
was	O
the	O
uncle	O
's	O
name	O


okay	O


no	O
Peter	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
uncle	O


okay	O


alright	O
,	O


so	O
that	O
's	O
very	O
nice	O
.	O


Did	O
you	O
send	O
out	O
the	O
invitations	O
that	O
you	O
got	O
?	O


no	O
,	O
not	O
yet	O


okay	O


I	O
've	O
just	O
been	O
at	O
the	O


%uh	O


you	O
want	O
to	O
hear	O
the	O
weirdest	O
thing	O
?	O


uh-huh	O


okay	O
,	O


today	B-DATE
,	O
I	O
came	O
out	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
British	I-FAC
Museum	I-FAC
,	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
packed	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
with	O
tourists	O
yes	O
whatever	O
,	O
and	O
lots	O
of	O
Italians	B-NORP


uh-huh	O


and	O
I	O
went	O
,	O
out	O
around	O
the	O
corner	O
,	O
and	O
made	O
a	O
725.48_730.06_B:	O
call	O
home	O


and	O
as	O
I	O
was	O
standing	O
in	O
the	O
phone	O
booth	O
there	O
was	O
this	O
group	O
of	O
like	O
like	O
,	O
mid	O
teen	O
age	O
year	O
kids	O
walking	O
by	O


yeah	O


one	O
of	O
them	O
was	O
just	O
staring	O
at	O
me	O


and	O
do	O
n't	O
tell	O
me	O


okay	O


you	O
c-	O


the	O
young	O
woman	O
in	O
the	O
house	O
where	O
you	O
stayed	O
in	O
Florence	B-GPE
?	O


yes	O


oh	O
my	O
god	O


Is	O
n't	O
that	O
bizarre	O
?	O


and	O
you	O
talked	O
to	O
her	O
?	O


I	O
,	O
was	O
staring	O
at	O
her	O
,	O


then	O
I	O
went	O
out	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
remember	O
where	O
I	O
'd	O
seen	O
her	O
before	O


uh-huh	O


and	O
then	O
she	O
was	O
up	O
waiting	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
a	O
bus	O
with	O
all	O
these	O
Italian	B-NORP
kids	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


and	O
she	O
just	O
kept	O
staring	O
at	O
me	O
,	O


and	O
then	O
as	O
I	O
got	O
close	O
she	O
kind	O
of	O
like	O
yeah	O
walked	O
around	O
like	O
,	O
behind	O
one	O
of	O
her	O
friends	O
or	O
something	O
,	O
like	O
she	O
was	O
nervous	O
or	O
something	O


right	O
,	O
right	O
,	O
right	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
thinking	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
just	O
too	O
weird	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
recognize	O
it	O
as	O
her	O


right	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
walk	O
past	O
the	O
bus	O


and	O
I	O
turn	O
around	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
just	O
looked	O
at	O
her	O


uh-huh	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
just	O
started	O
smiling	O
,	O


and	O
she	O
started	O
smiling	O


and	O
so	O
I	O
kind	O
of	O
knew	O
it	O
was	O
her	O
and	O
everything	O
,	O


uh-huh	O
,	O
uh-huh	O
but	O
%uh	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
crazy	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


what	O
was	O
her	O
name	O
,	O


Kiara	B-PERSON
?	O


Kiara	B-PERSON
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


that	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
thought	O


yeah	O


I	O
thought	O
%huh	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
small	O
world	O


yeah	O


%uh	O
,	O
so	O
she	O
was	O
there	O
with	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
Italian	B-NORP
group	O
,	O
%huh	O
?	O


well	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
a	O
school	O
group	O
,	O
or	O
something	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
all	O
kids	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
yeah	O
yeah	O
%huh	O
yeah	O
right	O
fifteen	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
sixteen	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE


right	O
,	O


visiting	O
the	B-FAC
British	I-FAC
Museum	I-FAC
?	O


yeah	O


uh-huh	O


okay	O
,	O


okay	O
,	O


very	O
good	O


very	O
good	O
,	O


I	O
also	O
incidentally	O
called	O
%um	O
,	O
the	O
marriage	O
license	O
bureau	O
in	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE


uh-huh	O


okay	O


now	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
getting	O
married	O
on	O
saturday	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
ninth	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
latest	O
date	O
on	O
which	O
you	O
can	O
apply	O
for	O
the	O
license	O
is	O
the	B-DATE
preceding	I-DATE
monday	I-DATE


uh-huh	O


the	B-DATE
preceding	I-DATE
Monday	I-DATE


I	O
see	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
.	O
.	O


No	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
all	O
my	O
stuff	O
will	O
fit	O
in	O
our	O
vehicles	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
yeah	O
.	O


%huh	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
airport	O
shenanigans	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
really	O
upset	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


%huh	O
?	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O
%uh	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
my	O
fault	B-PERSON
.	O


It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
awful	O
.	O


What	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
awful	O
this	O
trip	O
home	O
.	O


Why	O
?	O


Because	O
I	O
'm	O
leaving	O
here	O
at	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
six	O
in	O
the	O
evening	O
,	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
getting	O
to	O
San	O
Francisco	O
at	O
%uh	O
,	O
eleven	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
,	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
and	O
then	O
hanging	O
around	O
the	O
airport	O
until	O
kid	O
Ted	O
gets	O
out	O
of	O
work	O


Wait	O
a	O
minute	O
.	O


The	O
same	O
morning	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


earlier	O


Hang	O
around	O
the	O
airport	O
until	O
when	O
?	O


Hanging	O
around	O
the	O
airport	O
until	O
Ted	O
gets	O
out	O
of	O
work	O
.	O


%um	O
that	O
's	O
awful	O
.	O


Like	O
six	O
hours	O
later	O


%mm	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
should	O
just	O
come	O
here	O
.	O
and	O
then	O
Sunday	O
,	O


so	O
I	O
will	O
have	O
slept	O
on	O
the	O
plane	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
sleep	O
I	O
'll	O
have	O
gotten	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
plane	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
Sunday	O
night	O
I	O
'm	O
taking	O
a	O
redeye	O
which	B-DATE
leaves	I-DATE
At	O
at	O
eleven	O
fifteen	O


P	O
M	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O
Because	O
you	O
said	O
redeye	O


and	O
then	O
get	O
there	O
at	O


And	O
arrives	O
in	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
Chicago	O
at	O
four	O
fifty	O
-	O
seven	B-DATE
.	O


And	O
then	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
Washington	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
only	O
sleep	O
I	O
'll	O
get	O
is	O
from	O
eleven	O
fifteen	O
to	O
five	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
,	O
honestly	O
.	O


Is	O
this	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
goes	O
to	O
Washington	O
?	O


%um	O
,	O
no	O
Chicago	O
and	O
then	O
Syracuse	O
.	O


387.98_388.72_A:	O
oh	O
that	O
's	O
nice	O
.	O


my	O
original	O
one	O
went	O
to	O
Washington	O
and	O
then	O
Syra-	O


Maybe	O
you	O
should	O
take	O
that	O
one	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
comes	O
earlier	O
,	O
does	O
n't	O
it	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
an	O
option	O
for	O
some	O
reason	O


oh	O
.	O


Maybe	O
it	O
was	O
full	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
maybe	O
you	O
should	O
just	O
get	O
on	O
the	O
next	O
plane	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
waiting	O
around	O
for	O
Ted	O
.	O


You	O
'll	O
be	O
back	O
here	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
he	O
gets	O
there	O
.	O


You	O
would	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
maybe	O
not	O
because	O
if	O
connections	O
,	O
ca	O
n't	O
go	O
direct	O
.	O


Whine	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
mountain	O
biking	O
?	O


Maybe	B-CARDINAL
.	O


That	O
would	O
be	O
fun	O
.	O


Does	O
he	O
have	O
a	O
mountain	O
bike	O
for	O
you	O
?	O


yeah	O


Does	O
he	O
?	O


Well	O
apparently	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
offered	O
.	O


Because	O
he	O
offered	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
would	O
imagine	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
travelling	O
around	O
with	O
your	O
bicycle	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
to	O
keep	O
yours	O
as	O
a	O
souvenir	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Or	O
anything	O
fun	B-CARDINAL
like	O
that	O
.	O


437.08_438.30_B:	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
mountain	O
bike	O
.	O


%huh	O
?	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
mountain	O
bike	O
anyway	O
.	O


No	O
,	O


and	O
in	O
some	O
of	O
your	O
letters	O
it	O
sounds	O
like	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
keep	O
it	O
,	O
really	O
.	O


Just	O


I	O
did	O
go	O
up	O
a	O
mountain	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


But	O


%huh	O
?	O


I	O
did	O
go	O
up	O
a	O
mountain	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
not	O
on	O
it	O
,	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


Pushing	O
it	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
have	O
legs	O
of	O
steel	O
?	O


No	O
.	O
I	O
have	O
knees	O
of	O
pain	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
knees	O
of	O
pain	O


you	O
have	O
**ouchies**	O
.	O


I	O
forgot	O
to	O
delete	O
**ouchies**	O
from	O


yeah	O


you	O
told	O
me	O
.	O


Did	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
?	O


And	O
they	O
said	O
**ouchies**	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
,	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
explained	B-CARDINAL
a	O
little	O
bit	O
.	O
Trying	O
%um	O
very	O
hard	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
silly	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
very	O
difficult	O
to	O
explain	O
this	O
with	O
any	B-CARDINAL
kind	O
of	O
straight	O
face	O


Really	O
?	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
mind	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
smiling	O
,	O
but	O
without	O
,	O
like	O
,	O


you	O
ca	O
n't	O


how	O
do	O
you	O
explain	O
it	O
?	O


I	O
'm	O
very	O
silly	O


and	O
I	O
say	O
**ouchies**,	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
%ah	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
funny	O
thing	O
is	O
it	O
was	O
Becky	O
that	O
questions	O
it	O
.	O


Because	O
Becky	O
speaks	O
such	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
standard	O
English	O
.	O


She	O
speaks	O
standard	O
English	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Standard	O
vocabulary	O


but	O
**ouchies**	B-CARDINAL
just	O
really	O
struck	O
her	O
as	O
something	O
very	O
odd	O
.	O


He	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
my	O
other	O
thing	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
,	O
what	O
?	O


shower	O
today	O
.	O


What	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
a	O
shower	O
today	O
.	O
oh	O
that	O
's	O
gross	O
.	O
I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
because	O
I	O
'm	O
talking	O
to	O
you	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
instead	O


because	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
on	O
the	O
,	O


why	O
ca	O
n't	O
you	O
take	O
quick	O
shower	O
?	O


They	O
close	O
at	O
ten	O
.	O


All	O
,	O


well	O
,	O


oh	O
,	O
oh	O
no	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
okay	O
.	O


You	O
were	O
supposed	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
shower	O
were	O
n't	O
you	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
oops	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
all	O
right	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
here	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
funny	O
things	O
on	O
me	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
doctor	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
made	O
an	O
appointment	O
for	O
seven	O
.	O


And	O
by	O
ten	O
of	O
eight	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
still	O
had	O
n't	O
been	O
seen	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
had	O
just	O
gotten	O
my	O
name	O
called	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
call	O
you	O
at	O
eight	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


All	O
my	O
**ouchies**	O
are	O
always	O
skin	O
**ouchies**	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
of	O
this	O
.	O


And	O
all	O
your	O
**ouchies**	O
are	O
always	O
in-	O
inner	O
**ouchies**	O
%huh	O


You	O
got	O
new	O
skin	O
ouchies	O
?	O


New	O
skin	O
ouchies	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
not	O
ouchy	O
at	O
all	O
,	O
actually	O
.	O


they	O
're	O
just	O
there	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
're	O
very	O
disturbing	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
really	O
worried	O
,	O
actually	O
To	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
see	O
anybody	O
,	O


so	O
nobody	O
,	O


but	O
%um	O
,	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
get	O
a	O
or	O
two	O
in	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
camp	O
?	O


%huh	O
?	O


Are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
camp	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
about	O
that	O
either	O
.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
.	O


But	O


But	O
,	O
all	O
I	O
have	O
is	O
my	O
own	O
car	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
two	O
hour	O
drive	O
,	O


and	O
it	O
'll	O
be	O
at	O
night	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
by	O
myself	O
,	O
in	O
my	O
car	O
.	O


And	O
what	O
about	O
tomorrow	O
morning	O
?	O


I	O
could	O
go	O
tomorrow	O
morning	O
and	O
turn	O
around	O
and	O
come	O
back	O
tomorrow	O
evening	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
you	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
come	O
back	B-ORG
tomorrow	I-ORG
evening	O
?	O


Well	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
.	O
What	O
Because	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
coming	O
back	O
tomorrow	O
evening	O
.	O


I	O
guess	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
stay	O
there	O
all	O
by	O
myself	O
.	O


But	O
%mm	O
%uh	O
.	O
I	O
'm	O
kind	O
of	O
bored	O
of	O
being	O
by	O
myself	O
,	O


they	O
left	O
yesterday	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
by	O
myself	O
an	O
awful	O
lot	O
because	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
have	B-ORG
a	O
job	O
today	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
kind	O
of	O
not	O
looking	O
forward	O
to	O
that	O
,	O
or	O
anything	O
.	O


So	O
.	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O


what	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
?	O


it	O
sounds	O
a	O
little	O
scary	O
to	O
drive	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
in	O
your	O
car	O
.	O


Alone	O
at	O
night	O
.	O


%eh	O
yeah	O
.	O


That	O
far	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
maybe	O
I	O
should	O
wait	O
until	O
tomorrow	O
.	O


But	O
see	O
the	O
other	O
thing	O
is	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
when	O
they	O
're	O
coming	O
back	O
tomorrow	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
they	O
're	O
coming	O
back	O
tomorrow	O
morning	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
'll	O
pass	O
each	O
other	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
really	O
bad	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
really	O
be	B-PERSON
unhappy	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


What	O
do	O
I	O
do	O
?	O


It	O
sounds	O
like	B-PERSON
you	O
probably	O
do	O
n't	O
go	O
to	O
camp	O
this	O
weekend	O
.	O


%eh	O
,	O
that	O
means	O
do	O
n't	O
go	O
to	O
camp	O
this	O
summer	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
n't	O
gone	O
?	O


No	O
.	O


You	O
went	O
for	O
the	O
Fourth	O
of	O
July	O
.	O


m-	O
,	O


oh	O
right	O
.	O


Not	O
my	O
camp	O
though	O
.	O


oh	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O


I	O
just	O
wanted	O
to	O
go	O
st-	O


%huh	O
?	O


You	O
did	O
n't	O
go	O
to	O
your	O
camp	O
?	O


No	O
not	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


We	O
just	O
stayed	O
at	O
George	O
Miranza	O
's	O
.	O


What	O
%hm	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
was	O
nice	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
see	O
my	O
camp	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
for	O
a	O
walk	O
on	O
my	O
road	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
I	O
wanted	O
you	B-GPE
to	I-GPE
be	I-GPE
there	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
mean	O
,	O


you	O
're	O
almost	O
home	O
.	O


No	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
!	O


So	O
do	O
I	O
skip	O
school	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
you	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
.	O


%uh	O
why	O
?	O


No	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
come	O
in	O
at	O
ten	O
.	O


No	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
you	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
come	B-PERSON
in	I-PERSON
at	O
ten	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
got	O
to	B-TIME
leave	O
at	O
noon	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
fun	B-ORG
.	I-ORG
At	I-ORG
all	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
's	O
better	O
than	O
nothing	O
.	O


yeah	O


maybe	O


yeah	O


and	O
then	O


It	O
actually	O
just	O
might	O
make	O
me	O
cry	O


and	O
then	O


And	O
then	O
the	O
food	O
.	O


That	O
'll	O
be	O
what	O
day	O
?	O


That	O
'll	O
be	O
Monday	O
.	O


yeah	O


Then	O
when	O
will	O
you	O
some	O
to	O
Rochester	O
?	O


685.61_687.71_A:	O
I	O
can	O
co-	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


When	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
Rochester	O
?	O


%mm	O
soon	O
as	O
I	O
've	O
overcome	O
jet	O
lag	O
,	O
probably	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
by	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
g-	O
,	O


then	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
until	O
the	O
weekend	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
go	O
on	O
Monday	O
night	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
go	O
to	O
Rochester	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
assume	O
that	O
you	O
'd	O
be	O
going	O
there	O
Monday	O
night	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
can	O
get	O
there	O
Tuesday	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
another	O
class	O
until	O
Thursday	O
.	O
Because	O
Iggers	O
is	O
out	O
of	O
town	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
could	O
do	O
that	O
maybe	O
.	O


you	O
'd	O
go	O
to	O
Rochester	O
on	O
Tuesday	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


maybe	O
.	O


Please	O
?	O


okay	O


aw	O
.	O


You	O
'll	O
just	O
say	O
okay	O
,	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
'll	O
think	O
you	O
are	O
,	O


and	O
then	O
you	O
'll	O
say	O
no	O
.	O


are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
say	O
no	O
later	O
?	O


%um	O
,	O
no	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
'll	O
go	O
.	O


You	O
think	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
on	O
Tuesday	O
?	O


Where	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
stay	O
?	O


I	O
have	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
place	O
.	O


Where	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
stay	O
while	O
you	O
find	O
a	O
place	O
?	O


%um	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
guess	O
I	O
'll	O
come	O
back	O
home	O
in	O
the	O
evenings	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
how	O
much	O
I	O
need	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
go	O
to	O
Buffalo	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
%uh	O
say	O
you	O
could	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
could	O
drive	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


that	O
would	O
be	O
okay	O


or	O
we	O
could	O
take	O
a	O
bus	O
mhm	O
.	O
both	O
ways	O
.	O


%mm	O
,	O
we	O
'd	O
have	O
to	O
park	O
my	O
car	O
somewhere	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O
oh	O
,	O


well	O
I	O
forgot	O
you	O
'd	O
have	O
your	O
car	O
.	O


I	O
forgot	O
a-	O


oh	O
I	O
could	O
take	O
a	O
bus	O
to	O
there	O
too	O
.	O


%huh	O
?	O


I	O
could	O
take	O
a	O
bus	O


I	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
drive	O
my	O
car	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
,	O
like	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
mind	O
driving	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
everyday	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


oh	O
you	O
'd	O
do	O
that	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
place	O
.	O


Will	O
you	O
come	O
see	O
me	O
on	O
Tuesday	O
?	O


mhm	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
be	O
much	O
happier	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


Much	O
,	O
much	O
happier	O
.	O


good	O
whew	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
doghouse	O
.	O


Like	O


What	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O
,	O


there	O
's	O
something	O
else	O
.	O


%huh	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
something	O
else	O
.	O


What	O
'd	O
I	O
do	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
no	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
what	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
do	O
,	O


and	O
you	O
whined	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


Did	O
n't	O
get	O
to	O
see	O
your	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
sun	O
sai	O
in	O
their	O
bathing	O
suit	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


oops	O
.	O


Hi	O
Karen	O
.	O


Funny	O
Aron	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
was	O
something	O
else	O
that	O
was	O
funny	O
,	O


where	O
did	O
it	O
go	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
something	O
that	O
was	O
really	O
funny	O
.	O


You	O
said	O
something	O
really	O
funny	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
something	O
about	O
your	O
decision	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O
%um	O
a	O
bad	O
,	O
not	O
a	O
hard	O
decision	O
because	O
that	O
would	O
imply	O
that	O
you	O
had	O
the	O
part	O
that	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
you	O
that	O
had	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


mhm	O
di-	O


That	O
was	O
really	O
funny	O
.	O


I	O
laughed	O
.	O


I	O
really	O
did	O
.	O
.	O


And	O
also	O
you	O
sent	O
me	O
very	O
nice	O
mail	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
upset	O


That	O
was	O
long	O
mail	O
I	O
sent	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O
that	O
one	O
was	O
really	O
big	O
.	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
typing	O
was	O


you	O
know	O
you	O
have	O
forty	O
-	O
four	O
pages	O
of	O
this	O
stuff	O
?	O


Really	O
?	O


Forty	O
-	O
three	O


I	O
have	O
some	O
information	O
about	O
this	O
call	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
cool	O
.	O


So	O
type	O
forty	B-ORDINAL
-	O
three	O
pages	O
you	O
know	O
and	O
not	O
of	O
normal	O
spacing	O
.	O


I	O
fixed	O
it	O
all	O
so	O
it	O
short	O
like	O
the	O
email	O
kind	O
of	O
copy	O
short	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


like	O
halfway	O
across	O
the	O
scr-	O


forty	O
-	O
three	O


screen	O


%um	O
weird	O
margins	O
,	O


but	O
yeah	O


my	O
mom	O
said	O
you	O
really	O
enjoyed	O


She	O


yeah	O


you	O
mentioned	O
that	O
Je-	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
spoken	O
to	O
her	O
really	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
spoken	O
to	O
her	O
about	O
it	O


so	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
really	O
get	O
to	O
hear	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
'm	O
glad	O


that	O
was	O
nice	O
.	O


yeah	O


the	O
censored	O
version	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
saw	O
that	O
they	O
wanted	B-ORDINAL
to	O
give	O
it	O
to	O
your	O
grandparents	O


mhm	O
yeah	O


But	O
yeah	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
see	O
where	O


mom	O
wanted	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
with	O
edit	O


%huh	O
?	O


Did	O
she	O
ask	O
you	O
for	O
help	O
editing	O
it	O
?	O


No	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
because	O
I	O
saw	O
that	O
you	O
offered	O
that	O
I	O
would	O


and	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
had	O
no	O
problem	O
,	O


but	O


%huh	O
?	O


she	O
wants	O
two	O
revisionists	O
.	O


She	O
wants	O
to	O
edit	O
you	O
out	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
.	O


how	O
was	O
she	O
going	O
to	O
explain	O
that	O
?	O


oh	O
right	O
.	O


yeah	O


he	O
's	O
running	O
to	B-CARDINAL
Becky	O
's	O
friend	O
because	O
%um	O
She	O
's	O
got	O
email	O
and	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
guess	O
that	O
does	O
work	O
,	O
actually	O
.	O


She	O
could	O
say	O
that	O
.	O
Because	O
all	O
except	O
the	O
**ouchies**	O


well	O
%mm	O
no	O
,	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
know	O


but	O
%um	O
yeah	O
that	O
jus-	O


edit	O
me	O
out	O
.	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
all	O
gone	O
.	O


%hm	O
are	O
you	O
having	O
fun	O
?	O


some	O
.	O


Emotionally	O
having	O
fun	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
hard	O
there	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
hard	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
these	O
calls	O
I	O
made	O
did	O
n't	O
go	O
through	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
them	O
went	O
through	O


and	O
it	O
was	O


not	O
really	O
very	O
far	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
question	B-PERSON
of	O
having	B-GPE
a	O
few	O
solid	O
days	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
it	O
you	O
know	O
which	O
I	O
just	O
have	O
n't	O
had	O


I	O
mean	O


Well	O
I	O
mean	O
is	O
it	O
too	O
much	O
to	O
ask	O
you	O
to	O
just	O
come	O
up	O
to	O
Windsor	B-DATE
and	O
finish	O
it	O
after	O
you	O
get	O
back	O
.	O


Well	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
move	O


and	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
do	O
my	O
classes	O


you	O
know	O
but	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
'm	O
only	O
teaching	O
I	O
think	O
one	O
class	O


so	O
I	O
'll	O
have	O


I	O
just	O
would	O
feel	O
better	O
if	O
you	O
had	O
it	O
done	O
before	O
you	O
turned	O
up	O
at	O
the	O
department	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
're	O
coming	O
back	O
the	O
thirty	O
-	O
first	O


you	O
do	O
n't	O
start	O
teaching	O
until	O
when	O
?	O


Like	O
the	O
fifth	O
or	O
sixth	O


I	O
mean	O


%ach	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Lord	O
.	O


yeah	O


no	O


it	O
's	O
n-	O


yeah	O


you	O
know	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
big	O
deal	O


%uh	O
I	O
really	O
kind	O
of	O
doubt	O
that	O
Michelle	B-PERSON
--	O
--	O
will	O
be	O
ready	O
to	O
go	O


%um	O
you	O
know	O
she	O
was	O
already	O
talking	O
about	O
sort	O
of	O
middle	O
of	O
September	O
%um	O
in	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
spring	O
.	O


oh	O
god	O
.	O


yeah	O


but	O
she	O
's	O
got	O
more	O
leeway	O
than	O
you	O
I	O
think	O
.	O


yeah	O


but	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
so	O
much	O
more	O
going	O
for	O
me	O
than	O
she	B-DATE
does	I-DATE
.	O
I	O
know	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
in	O
the	O
larger	O
scheme	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
tenure	O
you	O
we	O
'll	O
sue	O
them	B-DATE
.	O


We	O
wo	O
n't	O
sue	O
them	O


but	O
no	O


anyway	O
so	O
It	O
'll	O
work	O
out	O


so	O
I	O
'm	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
caught	O
myself	O
today	O
just	O
getting	O
a	O
little	O
sort	O
of	O


Edgy	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
look	O
%um	O


but	O


If	O
you	O
change	O
your	O
mind	O
and	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
just	O
come	O
right	O
up	O
to	O
Windsor	O
and	O
%um	O
finesse	O
the	O
move	O
we	O
can	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


No	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
.	O
because	O
it	O
'll	O
be	O
better	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
move	O
right	O
away	O
anyway	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
come	O
home	O
and	O
go	O
right	O
to	O
work	O


I	O
just	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


You	O
'll	O
be	O
exhausted	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O


and	O
I	O
wo	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
concentrate	O
.	O


Right	O


whereas	O
we	O
can	O
do	O
things	B-PERSON


Whereas	O
spending	O
time	O
together	O
and	O
moving	O
and	O
settling	O
in	O
while	O
moving	O
is	O
fine	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


All	O
right	O


well	O
%um	O
I	O
guess	O
we	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
our	O
respective	O
movements	O
when	B-TIME
it	O
gets	O
closer	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
%um	O
Ashfield	O
with	O
Greg	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
tomorrow	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
%um	O


Stay	O
up	O
there	O
?	O


Well	O
Greg	O
and	O
%uh	O
Jimco	O
and	B-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
kids	I-PERSON
are	O
leaving	O
for	O
Japan	O
tomorrow	B-DATE


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
%um	O
%uh	O
Greg	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
up	O
on	O
a	O
hiking	O
trip	O
with	O
a	O
friend	O


uh-huh	O


but	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
%um	O
stop	O
by	O
Ashfield	O
to	O
drop	O
off	O
the	O
dogs	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
can	O
take	B-PERSON
me	O
and	O
the	O
baby	O
up	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
'll	O
maybe	O
come	O
back	O
down	O
with	O
him	O


he	O
's	O
coming	O
back	O
down	O
I	O
guess	O
ten	O
days	O
later	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
staying	O
the	O
whole	O
time	O


but	O
he	O
'll	O
come	O
back	O
the	O
last	O
weekend	O
of	O
the	O
month	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
said	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
and	O
then	O
go	O
back	O
down	O
to	O
New	O
York	O


and	O
he	O
can	O
probably	O
take	O
us	O
then	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
gotten	O
to	O
be	O
just	O
moving	O
on	O
my	O
own	O
is	O
just	O
very	O
very	O
difficult	O
.	O


No	O


stay	O
up	O
there	O
.	O


%um	O
well	O
and	B-PERSON
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
try	O
and	O
get	O
back	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
my	O
paper	O
which	O
is	O
just	O
ridiculous	O


but	O
yeah	B-DATE
.	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
make	O
an	B-PERSON
effort	O
.	O


Well	O
we	O
can	B-PERSON
both	O
make	O
an	O
effort	O
you	O
know	O


I	O
'll	O
finish	O
my	O
book	O


you	O
finish	O
your	O
paper	B-PERSON
you	O
know	O
.	O
yeah	O
.	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
n't	B-PERSON
already	O


Although	O
you	O
know	O
CUNY	O
classes	B-PERSON
start	O
really	O
early	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


yeah	O


but	O
then	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
have	O
all	O
those	O
holidays	O
right	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
?	O


That	O
's	O
true	B-PERSON
.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
good	O
point	O
.	O


I	O
should	O
really	O
use	O
those	O
should	O
n't	O
I	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
lined	O
up	O
any	O
childcare	O
yet	O


I	O
'm	O
being	O
really	O
flaky	O
about	O
it	O


and	O
I	O
know	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
hate	O
myself	O
later	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
really	O
ought	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
semester	O
off	O


but	O
did	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
is	B-PERSON
the	O
last	O
year	O
of	O
the	O


is	O
that	O
for	O
sure	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
for	B-PERSON
sure	O
yet	O


uh-huh	O
.	O
%um	O
but	O
they	O
've	O
sent	O
CUNY	O
a	O
letter	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
saying	O
that	O
the	O
President	O
did	O
not	O
ask	O
for	O
funding	O
for	O
it	O
in	O
his	O
budget	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
and	O
it	O
looks	O
quite	O
doubtful	O
that	O
the	O
Senate	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
want	O
to	O
put	O
it	O
back	O
in	O
.	O
uh-huh	O
%um	O
so	O
that	O
CUNY	O
thinks	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
last	O
year	O
of	O
it	O


so	O
I	O
'm	O
reluctant	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
semester	O
off	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
considering	O
that	O
I	O
would	O
only	O
then	O
have	O
one	O
semester	O
left	O
.	O


Well	O
anyway	B-DATE
I	O
mean	O
apart	O
from	O
the	O
tenure	O
and	O
the	O
book	O
you	O
know	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
killing	O
term	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
only	O
teaching	O
one	O
class	O


and	O
I	O
've	O
taught	O
it	O
before	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


so	O
you	O
know	O


and	O
I	O


Well	O
once	O
your	O
tenure	O
file	O
goes	O
in	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
ready	O
to	O
believe	O
that	O


but	O
until	O
you	O
get	O
it	O
in	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
cutting	O
corners	O
on	O
putting	O
that	O
file	O
together	O
.	O


Obvious	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
like	O
critical	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


yeah	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
take	O
on	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
extra	O
stuff	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
because	O
well	O
I	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
make	O
sense	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


believe	O
me	O
dear	O


once	O
you	O
have	O
tenure	O
I	O
will	O
have	O
no	O
mercy	O
.	O


Good	O
good	O
.	O


Especially	O
because	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
away	O
every	O
summer	O
yeah	O
.	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
responsibility	O
during	O
the	O
year	O
to	O
make	O
me	O
feel	O
like	O
things	O
are	O
at	B-DATE
all	I-DATE
equal	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


But	O
not	O
immediately	O
this	O
semester	O
just	O
because	O
okay	O
.	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
child	O
now	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


You	O
've	O
got	O
to	B-CARDINAL
get	O
tenure	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
was	O
the	O
time	O
in	O
New	O
Mexico	O
like	O
?	O


So	O


oh	O
god	B-CARDINAL
it	O
was	O
horrible	O
.	O


Really	O
?	O


It	O
was	O
horrible	O
.	O


Why	O
?	O


I	O
was	O
so	O
tense	O


and	O
the	O
baby	O
was	O
so	O
unhappy	O


because	O
you	O
were	O
tense	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
yeah	B-DATE
sure	O
.	O
because	O
the	O
minute	O
I	O
got	O
here	O
I	O
relaxed	B-DATE
completely	O


and	O
she	O
's	O
been	B-DATE
just	O
an	O
angel	O
.	O


yeah	O


but	O
I	O
mean	O
that	O
makes	O
perfect	O
sense	O
.	O


yeah	O


I	O
know	O
it	O
does	O
.	O


Like	O
dogs	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
awful	O


you	O
know	O
we	O
may	O
get	O
cut	O
off	O
at	O
some	O
moment	O


so	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
if	O
we	O
do	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
'll	O
call	O
you	O
when	O
I	O
get	O
to	O
Ashfield	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


%um	O
it	O
was	O
just	O
awful	O


I	O
was	O
stuck	O
up	O
on	O
that	O
hill	O


%uh	O
they	O
only	O
had	O
the	O
Legend	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
they	O
kept	O
telling	O
me	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
rent	O
a	O
car	O
which	O
I	B-DATE
absolutely	I-DATE
did	I-DATE
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


%um	O
so	O
anyway	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
my	O
own	O
transportation	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
buying	O
a	O
house	O
.	O


They	O
have	O
now	O
bought	O
a	O
house	O
.	O


So	B-DATE
they	I-DATE
were	I-DATE
just	O
out	O
driving	O
around	O
all	O
day	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
completely	O
stressed	O
out	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
finished	O
looking	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
I	O
had	O
got	O
there	O


but	O
they	O
were	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
an	O
offer	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
Alexis	O
you	O
know	O
has	O
no	O
confidence	O
about	O
this	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
he	O
had	O
the	O
most	O
ridiculous	O
realtor	B-PERSON
you	O
've	O
ever	O
seen	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


%um	O
and	O
%uh	O
he	O
hates	O
owning	O
property	O


and	O
he	O
could	O
only	O
buy	O
a	O
house	O
for	O
three	B-PERSON
hundred	I-PERSON
and	O
thirty	O
thousand	O
dollars	B-PERSON
which	O
was	O
--	O
--	O
about	O
half	O
of	O
what	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
spend	O


and	B-PERSON
%um	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
wreck	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
then	O
Joel	O
showed	O
up	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Jemma	O
was	O
there	O


and	O
mom	O
was	O
picking	O
on	O
Jemma	O
like	O
she	O
always	O
does	O
even	O
though	O
Jemma	O
's	O
a	O
doll	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Joel	O
then	O
turned	O
up	O
the	O
day	O
after	O
I	O
arrived	B-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
drove	O
us	O
mad	O
.	O


Drove	O
us	O
crazy	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
more	O
obnoxious	O
than	O
he	O
's	O
ever	O
been	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


how	O
do	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


You	O
have	O
n't	O
seen	O
him	O
in	O
ages	B-GPE
.	O


Well	O
Jemma	O
said	O
so	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
have	O
greater	O
tolerance	O
for	O
Joel	O
than	O
anyone	O
in	O
your	O
family	O
does	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
you	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
you	O
do	O


but	O
he	O
really	O
was	O
a	O
pain	O
in	O
the	O
neck	O


and	O
Jemma	O
said	B-DATE
it	O
's	O
because	O
his	O
girlfriend	O
just	B-TIME
dumped	O
him	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
uh-huh	O
.	O


%um	O
but	O
anyway	O


so	O
mom	O
and	O
Alexis	O
were	O
freaking	O
out	O
because	O
of	O
that	O


but	O
they	O
have	O
no	O
ability	O
to	O
set	O
any	O
limits	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


So	O
like	O
they	O
ca	O
n't	O
say	O
to	O
Joel	O
look	O
you	O
know	O
go	O
away	O
for	O
a	O
while	O


or	O
I	O
mean	O
she	O
could	O
n't	O
say	O
to	O
Judith	O
no	O
they	O
ca	O
n't	O
come	O
that	O
week	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


you	O
know	O


and	O
we	O
were	O
supposed	O
to	O
go	O
out	O
to	B-CARDINAL
dinner	O
one	O
night	O


and	O
they	O
showed	O
up	O
unexpectedly	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
out	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
gone	O
to	O
the	O
Grand	O
Canyon	O
,	O
and	O
did	O
n't	O
expect	O
them	O
back	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
showed	O
up	O
unexpectedly	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
mom	O
and	O
Alexis	O
could	O
not	O
bring	O
themselves	O
to	O
say	O
we	O
're	O
taking	O
Claire	O
out	O
to	O
a	O
nice	O
dinner	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


see	O
you	O
later	O


this	O
is	O
our	O
only	O
evening	O
with	O
her	O
yeah	O
.	O
you	O
know	O


we	O
want	O
to	O
have	O
some	O
time	O
with	O
her	O
.	O


They	O
could	O
n't	O
bring	O
themselves	O
to	O
say	O
that	O


but	O
they	O
were	O
so	O
upset	O
that	O
he	O
'd	O
come	O
back	O
that	O
the	O
evening	O
was	O
just	O
like	O
a	O
complete	O


it	O
was	O
painful	O
.	O


Good	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
went	O
to	O
a	O
different	O
restaurant	O
a	O
cheap	O
restaurant	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
was	O
just	O
painful	O


and	O
I	O
felt	O
so	O
pissed	O
off	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
there	O
I	O
was	O
expecting	O
a	O
family	O
vacation	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
so	O
much	O
Joel	O


I	O
mean	O
oh	O
well	O
anyway	O
yeah	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
family	O
vacation	B-GPE


yeah	O
.	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
so	O
stressful	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
why	O
I	O
had	O
bothered	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
you	O
know	O
Eve	O
and	O
Seth	O
were	O
down	O
in	O
their	O
house	O


and	O
all	O
of	O
her	O
energies	O
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
going	O
towards	O
protecting	O
Eve	O
from	O
too	O
many	B-NORP
distractions	O
uh-huh	O
because	O
Eve	O
had	O
to	O
work	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
could	O
n't	O
go	O
to	O
Eve	O
's	O
house	O


or	O
you	O
could	O
n't	O
ask	O
Eve	O
to	O
have	O
Joel	O
and	O
Jemma	O
for	O
a	O
night	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
although	O
she	O
was	O
perfectly	O
capable	O
of	O
having	O
Guy	O
and	O
Jenny	O
for	O
a	O
night	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
furious	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
Guy	O
came	O


and	O
he	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
a	O
jerk	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
harsh	O
with	O
me	O
and	O
%um	O
you	O
know	O
just	O
sort	O
of	O
not	O
very	O
sensitive	O
and	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
help	O
with	O
Joel	O
and	O
Jemma	B-PERSON
at	O
all	O
.	O


We	O
finally	O
made	O
him	O
take	O
them	O
out	O
for	O
an	O
afternoon	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
was	O
all	O
you	O
know	O
just	O
ridiculous	O
.	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
so	O
great	O
with	O
Eve	O
either	O
.	O


she	O
said	O
she	O
wanted	O
to	O
spend	O
a	O
day	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


you	O
know	O
I	O
set	O
aside	O
the	O
day	O
she	O
told	O
me	O


uh-huh	O


and	O
what	O
it	O
came	O
down	O
to	O
was	O
my	O
going	O
to	O
her	O
hairdresser	O
with	O
her	O
uh-huh	O
and	O
sitting	B-ORDINAL
there	O
while	O
she	B-ORDINAL
talked	O
to	O
her	O
hairdresser	O
for	O
an	O
hour	O
and	O
a	O
half	O
.	O
and	O
then	O
going	O
out	O
to	O
lunch	O
with	O
her	O
and	O
her	O
babysitter	B-PERSON
uh-huh	O
Who	O
brought	O
the	B-DATE
baby	I-DATE
to	O
meet	O
us	O


and	O
I	O
thought	O
that	O
the	O
reason	O
the	O
babysitter	B-PERSON
was	O
staying	B-PERSON
for	O
lunch	O
was	O
because	O
she	O
would	O
then	O
take	O
the	O
baby	O
away	O
again	O


Right	O


But	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
lunch	O
,	O
Eve	O
just	O
told	O
her	O
to	O
go	O
home	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


So	O
we	O
'd	O
have	O
this	O
two	O
hour	O
lunch	O
with	O
the	O
babysitter	B-PRODUCT
.	O


uh-huh	O


and	O
then	O
we	O
had	O
like	O
half	O
an	O
hour	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
some	O
shops	O


and	O
that	O
was	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
day	O


And	O
I	O
mean	O
%uh	O
it	O
was	O
almost	O
if	O
she	O
was	O
protecting	O
herself	O
from	O
spending	O
time	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


yeah	O


It	O
was	O
really	O
weird	O
.	O


%um	O
and	O
then	O
they	B-DATE
wanted	I-DATE
to	O
borrow	O
the	O
Baby	O
Bjorn	O
for	O
their	O
ha-	O


they	O
're	O
on	O
a	O
camping	O
trip	O
right	O
now	O
with	O
the	O
baby	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


and	O
I	O
got	O
kind	O
of	O
peeved	O


and	O
I	O
decided	O
I	O
was	O
n't	O
going	O
to	O
lend	O
it	O
to	O
them	O


Well	O
y-	O


I	O
mean	O


I	O
just	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
,	O


Well	O
anyway	O
you	O
use	O
it	O
,	O
right	B-PERSON
?	O


Well	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
used	O
it	O
on	O
Long	O
Island	O
although	O
I	O
did	O
think	O
I	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
.	O


Well	O
but	O
I	O
mean	O
what	O
they	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
it	O
and	O
then	O
mail	O
it	O
back	O
to	O
you	O


or	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


but	O
I	O
was	O
like	O
forget	O
it	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
lend	O
this	O
thing	O
to	O


No	O


that	O
's	O
insane	O
.	O


No	O


they	O
can	O
go	O
fucking	O
spend	O
some	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
money	O
for	O
a	O
change	O


And	O
%um	O
the	O
Jesuit	O
who	O
explained	O
that	O
to	O
me	O
said	O
this	B-DATE
is	O
nothing	O
against	O
other	O
programs	O
that	O
are	O
very	O
very	O
wonderful	O
you	O
know	O
where	O
they	B-DATE
give	I-DATE
service	I-DATE
for	O
service	O
's	O
sake	O
--	O


mhm	O
.	O


--	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
that	O
this	O
thing	O
is	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
conversion	O
or	O
because	O
of	O
their	B-DATE
friendship	B-DATE
with	O
Christ	O
--	O
mhm	O
.	O
--	O
in	O
wanting	O
to	O
collaborate	O
with	O
that	B-DATE
project	O
,	O
you	O
know	O


mhm	O
.	O


--	O
and	O
the	O
second	O
one	O
is	O
that	O
you	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
poor	O
area	O
where	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
work	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Now	O
let	O
me	O
say	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
seen	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
this	O
very	B-CARDINAL


I	O
took	O
it	O
literally	O


and	O
you	O
know	B-PERSON
I	I-PERSON
said	I-PERSON
to	O
Jackie	O
this	O
is	O
very	O
important	O


and	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
take	O
some	O
people	O
because	O
of	O
that	O


mhm	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
in	O
fact	O
one	O
Jewish	O
gal	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
just	O
crazy	O
about	O
and	O
was	O
very	O
very	O
dynamic	O
and	O
knew	O
Spanish	O
and	O
everything	O


but	O
I	O
said	O
Jackie	O
how	O
will	O
we	O
say	O
she	O
's	O
doing	O
this	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
commitment	O
to	O
Christ	O


mhm	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
say	O
I	O
'll	O
agree	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
my	O
commit-	O


but	O
I	O
have	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
as	O
in	O
all	O
things	O
human	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
perfectly	O
kept	O
down	O
here	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


%uh	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
've	O
met	O
other	O
volunteers	O
who	O
are	O
you	O
know	O
from	O
Spain	O
and	O
everything	O


mhm	O


%uh	O
but	O
anyway	O
I	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
still	O
keep	O
that	O
and	O
not	O
change	O
that	O
with	O
Jackie	O
--	O


mhm	O
.	O


--	O
and	O
I	O
think	O
--	O
mhm	O
.	O
--	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
important	O
that	O
people	O
knew	O
that	O
.	O


oh	O
this	O
is	O
great	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
it	O
is	O
great	O
for	O
me	O


I	O
'm	O
using	O
your	O
phone	O
call	O
here	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
am	O
delighted	O
.	O


oh	O
great	O
.	O


Well	O
just	O
tell	O
me	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
about	O
your	B-FAC
apostolate	I-FAC
because	O
you	O
said	O
to	O
me	O
in	O
your	O
letter	O
now	O
pray	O
for	O
my	O
apostolate	O
too	O


do	O
you	O
mean	O
with	O
the	O
girls	O
?	O


Well	O
basically	O
in	O
the	O
college	O


yeah	O


%um	O
but	O
%uh	O
there	O
are	O
a	B-TIME
couple	I-TIME
things	O
that	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
be	O
sure	O
to	O
mention	O
to	O
you	O


yeah	O
.	O


One	O
is	O
that	O
%um	O
Isabelle	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
four	O
women	O
who	O
made	O
the	B-TIME
centering	O
prayer	O
retreat	O
.	O


okay	O
I	O
read	O
that	B-TIME
sure	I-TIME
in	I-TIME
your	O
letter	O


okay	O


And	O
another	O
one	O
was	O
named	O
Guadalupe	O
otherwise	B-TIME
known	O
as	O
Lupita	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


And	O
apparently	B-DATE
sometimes	O
she	O
teaches	B-MONEY
about	I-MONEY
third	I-MONEY
grade	O
maybe	O


yeah	O


And	O
sometimes	O
she	O
brings	O
the	O
children	O
to	O
this	B-MONEY
fe	I-MONEY
alegria	I-MONEY
where	B-CARDINAL
you	B-CARDINAL
are	O


oh	O
okay	O


So	O
you	O
may	O
meet	O
her	O


oh	O
okay	O


Now	O


Guadalupe	O


and	O
she	O
's	O
called	O
Lupita	O


Lupita	O


yeah	O
okay	O
.	O


Now	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	B-TIME
retreat	O
we	O
had	O
a	O
little	O
sharing	B-PERSON
session	O


Yes	O


And	O
she	O
began	O
to	O
speak	O


and	O
she	O
became	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
emotional	O


yeah	O


And	O
she	O
said	O
she	O
really	O
wished	O
she	O
could	O
talk	O
more	O
about	O
her	B-PERSON
experience	O


but	O
she	O
could	O
n't	O
because	O
she	O
was	O
more	O
comfortable	O
in	O
Spanish	O
.	O


yeah	O
okay	O


And	O
so	O
when	O
I	O
said	O
goodbye	O
to	O
her	O
and	O
everything	O
she	O
spoke	O
as	O
if	O
she	O
would	O
be	O
meeting	O
you	B-DATE
at	I-DATE
some	O
time	O


yeah	O
okay	O


And	O
I	O
told	O
her	O
%um	O
I	O
was	O
n't	O
setting	O
you	B-CARDINAL
up	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
spiritual	O
director	O
or	O
anything	O


but	O
I	O
did	O
say	O
to	O
her	O
that	O
if	O
she	O
felt	O
that	O
she	O
wanted	O
to	O
talk	O
about	B-CARDINAL
her	I-CARDINAL
prayer	O
experience	O
in	O
Spanish	O
that	O
you	O
would	O
probably	O
be	O
able	O
certainly	O
to	O
understand	O
her	O
but	O
to	O
empathize	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
with	O
what	O
she	O
was	O
experiencing	O


oh	O
sure	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


So	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
I	O
said	O
that	O
%um	O


okay	O


now	O
did	O
you	O
give	O
me	O
her	O
number	O
in	O
that	O
letter	B-CARDINAL
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
so	O
.	O


No	O
okay	O


but	O
Isabelle	O
would	O
know	O
it	O
because	O
--	O
Yes	O
.	O
--	O
they	O
went	O
together	O
.	O


yeah	O
okay	O


and	O
she	O
seems	O
t-	O


%eh	O
%uh	O
I	O
think	O
maybe	O
when	O
the	O
school	O
year	O
starts	O
or	O
something	O
--	O
yeah	O
--	O
Lupita	O
will	O
be	O
up	O
there	O
with	O
her	O
students	O
doing	O
a	O
service	O
project	O


or	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
just	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
--	O
okay	O
--	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


okay	O


But	O


there	O
are	O
many	O
fe	O
alegria	O
centers	O
--	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


--	O
so	O
it	O
's	O
possible	O
that	O
she	O
works	O
in	O
one	O
and	O
not	O
the	O
one	O
I	O
am	O
in	O


oh	O
.	O


but	O
the	O
thing	O
is	O
with	O
Isabelle	O
I	O
can	O
get	O
in	O
touch	B-DATE
with	I-DATE
her	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
that	O
's	O
fine	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
other	O
thing	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
mention	O
to	O
you	O
is	O
%um	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
my	O
niece	O
and	O
my	O
nephew	O


yeah	O
.	O


My	O
nephew	O
's	O
name	O
is	O
Jeff	O
McDougal	O


yeah	O
.	O


He	O
made	O
his	O
vows	O
in	O
the	O
Jesuits	O
a	O
year	O
ago	O
.	O


You	O
said	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
n't	O
remember	O
if	O
I	O
did	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
he	O
spent	B-DATE
%uh	I-DATE
a	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
summer	O
in	O
Mexico	O
yeah	O
And	O
then	O
went	O
to	O
El	O
Salvador	O
after	O
he	O
finished	O
his	O
summer	O
school	O
courses	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
he	O
will	O
come	O
back	O
again	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
a	O
feeling	O
he	O
will	O
probably	O
spend	O
a	O
good	O
portion	O
of	O
his	O
life	O
somewhere	O
%mm	O
in	O
one	O
of	B-MONEY
the	I-MONEY
Central	I-MONEY
--	O
yeah	O
--	O
American	O
or	O
South	O
American	O
countries	O
--	O


yeah	O
.	O


--	O
but	O
if	O
you	O
should	O
meet	O
him	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
you	O
'll	O
keep	O
an	O
eye	O
on	O
him	O
or	O
--	O
oh	O
yes	O
--	O
something	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Jeff	O
McDougal	B-DATE


uh-huh	O
.	O


that	O
's	O
neat	B-ORG
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
my	O
niece	O
Anne	O
%um	O
maybe	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
meet	O
her	O
because	O
even	O
though	O
she	O
's	O
raised	O
Catholic	O
and	O
all	O
that	O
yeah	O
Right	O
now	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
associate	O
herself	O
with	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
a	O
religious	O
service	O
project	O
although	O
she	O
's	O
very	O
interested	O
in	O
something	O
like	O
what	O
you	O
're	B-PERSON
doing	I-PERSON


yeah	O
yeah	O
.	O


%um	O
so	O
we	O
'll	O
see	O
what	O
happens	O
on	O
that	O
.	O


Where	O
is	O
she	O
living	O
?	O


right	O
now	O
she	O
's	O
in	O
Portland	O
.	O


okay	O
okay	O


yeah	O


%uh	O
and	O
she	O
's	O
college	O
age	O


and	O
--	O
yeah	O
.	O
--	O
%uh	O
she	O
's	O
been	O
working	O


but	O
she	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
school	O


but	O
she	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
%um	O
%uh	O
take	O
courses	O
in	O
Spanish	O


and	O
she	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
going	O
through	O
%um	O
conversion	O
,	O
life	O
changing	O
experience	O


--	O
yeah	O
yeah	O
--	O
and	O
when	O
she	O
's	O
all	O
done	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
know	O
she	O
's	O
moving	O
toward	O
a	O
simpler	O
lifestyle	O
and	O
a	O
life	O
of	O
service	O


and	O
yeah	O
--	O
how	O
much	O
God	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
picture	O
and	O
not	O
it	O
--	O
oh	O
--	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
seen	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
hope	O
for	O
her	O
.	O


oh	O
yes	O
.	O


yeah	O
yeah	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
just	O
was	O
so	O
happy	O
when	O
I	O
%um	O
you	O
know	O
discovered	O
that	O
these	O
ladies	O
were	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
area	O
where	O
you	O
are	O
and	O
--	O
yeah	O
--	O
called	O
Peace	O
and	O
got	O
the	O
address	O


and	O
when	O
they	O
saw	O
your	O
address	O
they	O
said	O
oh	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
meet	O
you	O
and	O
give	O
you	O
chance	O
to	O
meet	O
some	O
other	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
area	O


and	O
--	O
yeah	O
--	O
so	O
I	O
'm	O
really	O
pleased	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O


yeah	O


yeah	O
yeah	O


So	O
am	O
I	O
.	O


it	O
was	O
really	O
good	O


and	O
as	O
you	O
said	O
in	O
your	O
letter	O
to	O
me	O
you	O
saw	O
possibilities	O
you	O
know	O
just	O
--	O
mhm	O
.	O
--	O
for	O
contacts	O
and	O
friendship	O


mhm	O
.	O


Everything	O


and	O
%um	O
yeah	O
.	O
it	O
was	O
really	O
good	O


and	O
of	O
course	O
she	O
teaches	O
theology	O


that	O
was	O
another	O
thing	O


%mm	O
.	O


Isabelle	O
oh	O
that	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
was	O
just	O
amazed	O
at	O
all	O
the	O
stuff	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
telling	O
me	O
she	O
does	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


%um	O
but	O
very	O
down	O
to	O
earth	O
too	O


and	O
she	O
gave	O
us	O
a	O
lot	O
about	O
the	O
culture	O
of	O
the	O
country	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
very	O
very	O
worthwhile	O
%mm	O
oh	O
I	O
'm	O
delighted	O
.	O
and	O
everything	O


%um	O
is	O
there	O
anybody	O
you	O
know	O
very	O
very	O
sick	O


or	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
pray	O
for	O
these	O
sick	O
--	O
%mm	O
.	O
--	O
people	O


like	O
they	O
say	O
Karitas	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
up	O
at	O
the	O
college	O
today	O


yeah	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
--	O
How	O
--	O
--	O
amazing	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
so	O
determined	O
.	O


okay	O
yeah	O


I	O
got	O


But	O
I	O
mean	O
it	O
is	O
true	O


she	O
's	O
not	O
well	O


but	O
she	O
's	O
certainly	O
keeping	O
going	O
.	O


yeah	O
okay	O


and	O
then	O
Annette	O
they	O
said	O
had	O
gone	O
down	O
a	O
lot	O
,	O
gone	O
downhill	O
.	O


yeah	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
heard	O
anything	O
about	O
her	O
recently	O


yeah	O
yeah	O
yeah	O
.	O


Those	O
were	O
the	O
--	O
oh	O
.	O
--	O
two	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O


%uh	O
you	O
know	O
I	O


We	O
had	O
a	O
little	B-PERSON
meeting	O
last	O
Sunday	O
to	O
plan	O
for	O
the	O
Christology	O
workshop	O
next	O
summer	O


and	O
yeah	O
.	O
A	O
lot	O
of	O
ideas	O
were	O
shared	O


and	O


And	O
was	O
Annette	O
there	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
no	O
no	O
no	O


No	O


but	O


But	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
about	O
twenty	O
two	O
S	O
H	O
C	O
J	O
from	O
various	O
places	O


oh	O
really	O


oh	O
yeah	O


And	O
of	O
course	O
Saturday	O
was	O
the	O
Jubilees	O


and	O
there	O
were	O
over	O
three	O
hundred	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
chapel	O
--	O
yeah	O
--	O
at	O
Rosemont	O
and	O
for	O
dinner	O


and	O
--	O
oh	O
--	O
it	O
was	O
lovely	O


it	O
was	O
just	O
beautiful	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
really	O
become	O
a	O
really	O
nice	O
tradition	O
--	O
mhm	O
,	O
mhm	O
--	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
the	O
Jubilees	O
and	O
everything	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


That	O
's	O
when	B-CARDINAL
Peggy	O
called	O
me	B-CARDINAL
that	B-CARDINAL
night	O
oh	B-CARDINAL
that	B-CARDINAL
's	B-CARDINAL
right	B-CARDINAL
Peggy	B-CARDINAL
Dougherty	O
That	O
's	O
right	O
,	O
yeah	O
and	O
%uh	O
was	O
telling	O
me	O
a	O
little	O


and	O
I	O
felt	O
so	O
bad	O
I	O
had	O
n't	O
written	O
some	B-TIME
of	I-TIME
it	I-TIME


but	O
I	O
did	O
get	O
letters	O
off	O
to	O
them	O
oh	O
.	O
Notes	O
off	O
to	O
them	O
anyway	O
oh	O
.	O
with	O
Don	O


oh	O
good	O
.	O


So	O
yeah	O


and	O
that	O
was	O
so	O
good	O


the	O
mail	O
down	B-PERSON
here	I-PERSON
is	O
terrible	O


do	O
you	O
know	O
last	O
week	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
Fe	O
Allegria	O
main	O
office	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


and	O
%uh	O
I	O
do	B-PERSON
n't	O
know	O
what	O
point	O
these	O
letters	O
came	O
into	O
the	O
office	O


but	O
they	O
had	B-PERSON
been	I-PERSON
sent	O
out	O
June	B-PERSON
seventeenth	B-PERSON


oh	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
know	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
more	O
than	O
two	O
months	O
to	O
get	O
--	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
in	O
here	O


it	O
's	O
just	O
very	O
disorganized	O
.	O


Everything	O
is	O
disorganized	O


that	O
's	O
why	O
the	O
lights	O
are	O
constantly	O
going	O
out	O


and	O
the	O
transportation	O
is	O
just	O


%eh	O
but	O
anyway	O
Jon	O
Ward	O
lives	O
through	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


and	O
he	O
loved	O
it	O


I	O
mean	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
and	O
everything	O
when	O
he	O
finishes	O
--	O
%mm	O
.	O
his	O
stint	O
in	O
Camden	O


but	O


Well	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
Isabel	O
wanted	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
letter	O
to	O
you	O
because	O
she	O
said	O
you	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
before	O
you	O
'd	O
get	O
it	O
otherwise	O
.	O


yeah	O
yeah	O


%um	O
and	O
well	O
anyway	O
I	O
wrote	O
you	O
a	O
little	O
note	O


you	O
'll	O
be	O
getting	O
it	O
%um	O
--	O
oh	O
oh	O
nice	O
--	O
through	O
Don	O
Ward	O
--	O
oh	O
--	O
%uh	O
you	O
know	O


he	O
brought	O
them	O
all	O
with	O
him	O
today	O
and	O
everything	O


so	O
%um	O
,	O


but	O
anyway	O
%um	O
how	O
are	O
things	O
going	O
at	O
the	O
college	O
with	O
Peg	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
she	O
's	O
worked	O
very	O
hard	O
all	O
summer	O


and	O
she	O
's	O
really	O
--	O
1622.82_1623.11_B:	O
yeah	O
.	O
--	O
taking	O
every	O
area	O
and	O
working	O
from	O
the	O
ground	O
up	O
--	O
yeah	B-PERSON
--	O
and	O
really	O
rebuilding	O
and	O


And	O
she	O
's	O
only	O
an	O
interim	O
is	O
n't	O
she	O
?	O


Well	O
yes	O


but	O
I	O
mean	O
we	O
're	O
just	O
focusing	O
on	O
what	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
right	O
now	O
--	O
yeah	O
the	O
present	O
--	O
and	O
the	O
long	O
range	O
planning	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
make	O
what	O
happens	O
now	O
happen	O


Is	O
she	O
doing	O
a	O
good	O
job	O
?	O


oh	O
marvelous	O


oh	O
I	O
'm	O
so	O
glad	O


And	O
I	O
mean	O
there	O
's	O
so	O
much	O
respect	O
for	O
her	O


I	O
have	O
not	O
heard	O
one	O
negative	O
comment	O
anywhere	O
.	O


yeah	O


oh	O
good	O


oh	O
then	O
I	O
'm	O
so	O
glad	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
if	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
now	O


yeah	O


And	O
if	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
now	O


but	O
everybody	O
's	O
just	O
giving	O
everything	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
work	O
out	O


yeah	O
yeah	O


So	O
we	O
're	O
hoping	O
for	O
the	O
best	O


yeah	O


and	O
how	O
's	O
the	B-PERSON
enrollment	B-GPE
,	O
Roseanne	O
?	O


Well	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
good	O


yeah	O


We	O
have	O
sixty	O
freshman	O
coming	O


yeah	O


and	O
is	O
that	O
not	O
good	O
?	O


that	O
's	O
correct	O


last	O
year	O
we	O
had	O
eighty	O


and	O
we	O
were	O
very	O
distressed	O
at	O
how	O
small	O
the	O
number	O
was	O
--	O


oh	O
my	O
goodness	O


oh	O
yeah	O


--	O
and	O
this	O
year	O
we	O
have	O
sixty	O
.	O


yeah	O


So	O
%uh	O
anyway	O
we	O
're	O
really	O
doing	O
our	O
utmost	O
to	O
do	O
some	O
creative	O
planning	O
to	O
reverse	O
that	O
trend	O
for	O
next	O
year	O


1685.48_1686.56_B:	O
yeah	O
yeah	O


So	O
,	O


Well	O
Aunt	O
Joyce	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
really	O
nice	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
you	O


we	O
've	O
gone	O
over	O
our	O
half	O
hour	O


so	O


oh	O


oh	O
okay	O


because	O
on	O
the	O
last	O
phone	O
call	O
they	O
came	O
in	O
and	O
told	O
us	O


yeah	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
understood	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O


so	O


yeah	O


well	O
anyway	O
maybe	O
they	O
're	O
anyone	O
happened	O


but	O
anyway	O
you	O
're	O
just	O
a	O
dear	O
to	O
have	O
taken	O
your	O
time	O
to	O
call	O
me	O
because	B-NORP
it	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
thrill	B-ORG
for	I-ORG
me	I-ORG
--	O
oh	O
.	O
--	O
to	O
talk	B-ORG
to	O
our	O
sisters	O


it	O
--	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
--	O
really	O
is	O


so	O
%um	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
'll	O
be	O
in	O
touch	O


and	O
you	O
're	O
kind	O
of	O
as	O
you	O
said	O
my	O
liaison	O
now	O
with	O
%uh	O
Don	O
Ward	O


Well	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
that	O


and	O
I	O
guess	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
mine	O
with	O
the	O
four	O
ladies	O
Isabel	O
and	O
Lupita	B-PERSON


and	O
there	O
were	B-PERSON
two	O
others	O


Definitely	O


and	O
I	O
have	O
Lupita	O
's	O
you	O
know	O
name	O
down	O
--	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


--	O
and	O
yes	O


Isabel	O
did	O
say	O
she	O
wanted	O
to	O
get	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
together	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
now	O
I	O
have	O
another	O
reason	O
for	O
talking	O
to	O
this	O
Guadalupe	O
you	O
know	O
--	O


mhm	O
.	O


--	O
%um	O
and	O
then	O
I	O
'll	O
keep	O
Jeff	O
just	O
in	O
mind	O


oh	O
thank	O
you	O
.	O


And	O
your	O
niece	O
Anne	O


did	O
you	O
say	O
her	O
name	O
was	O
Anne	O
?	O


Anne	O
Dougherty	O


yeah	O


mhm	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
neat	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


okay	O


Well	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
nice	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
you	O


oh	O


and	O
take	O
care	O


And	O


And	O
love	O
to	O
everybody	O


okay	O


okay	O


And	O
we	O
'll	O
be	B-CARDINAL
in	O
touch	O
as	O
time	O
goes	O
on	O


okay	O
Roseanne	O


They	O
're	O
very	O
dusty	O
honey	O


I	O
could	O
n't	O
believe	O
how	O
many	O
sweaters	O
you	O
have	O


like	O
oh	O
my	O
god	O
you	O
could	O
open	O
a	O
secondhand	O
shop	O
for	O
like	O
thirty	O
sweaters	O


it	O
's	O


oh	O
my	O
god	O


yeah	O


we	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
%um	O
very	O
crappy	O
sweaters	O


I	O
mean	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
it	O
looked	O
like	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


I	O
was	O
thinking	O
to	O
my-	O


well	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
keep	O
this	O


I	O
know	O


I	O
know	O


Thank	O
you	O
so	O
much	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
believe	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
doing	O
all	O
that	O


and	O
then	O
she	B-GPE
washed	O
like	O
all	O
the	O
dishes	O
that	O
were	O
on	O
the	O
shelves	O


like	O
so	O
when	O
you	O
come	O
back	O
at	O
least	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
have	O
some	O
oh	O
my	O
god	O
Clean	O
dishes	O
and	O
something	O
you	O
can	O
wear	O
and	O
%um	O


oh	O
I	O
feel	O
so	O
bad	O
you	O
know	O


it	O
's	O
like	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
feel	O
so	O
bad	O
about	O
you	O
because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
feel	O
like	O
you	O
're	O
so	O
traumatized	O


but	O
I	O
feel	O
so	O
bad	O
about	O
Tamara	O
because	O
I	O
feel	O
like	O
she	O
was	O
sort	O
of	O
truly	O
traumatized	B-GPE
you	O
know	O
by	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O


yeah	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
okay	O
I	O
mean	O


I	O
mean	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


she	O
's	O
really	O
sweet	O


I	O
mean	O
after	O
she	O
went	O
in	O
and	O
%eh	O
saw	O
the	O
fleas	O
she	O
never	O
went	O
back	O
in	O
there	O


she	O
always	O
sent	O
me	O
in	O


she	O
sent	O
you	O
in	O


have	O
you	O
been	O
watering	B-GPE
the	O
plants	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
like	O
along	O
the	O
way	O
because	O
I	O
know	B-TIME
that	I-TIME
she	O
never	O
went	O
in	O
anymore	O


I	O
watered	O
them	O
like	O
once	O
%um	O
before	O
I	O
bombed	O
the	O
f-	O
the	O
first	O
time	O


yeah	O


okay	O


good	O


great	O


and	O
now	O
again	O


but	O
they	O
look	O
okay	O


yeah	O


okay	O


okay	O


great	O


because	O
like	O
%um	O
at	O
the	O
point	O
where	O
that	O
happened	O
I	O
was	O
wondering	O
if	O
like	O
Tamara	O
like	O
got	O
so	O
shocked	O
by	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O
that	O
she	O
just	O
like	O
did	O
n't	O
you	O
know	O
think	O
to	O
tell	O
you	B-PERSON
that	O
she	O
had	O
n't	O
been	O
watering	O
the	O
plants	O
because	O
I	O
knew	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
n't	O
going	O
in	O
there	O
you	O
know	O
yeah	O
and	O
stuff	O


so	O


yeah	O


No	O
,	O


but	O
really	O
they	O
're	O
definitely	O
gone	O
now	O


oh	O
boy	O


I	O
mean	O
Tamara	O
is	O
still	O
like	O
you	O
know	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
there	O
still	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
mutation	O


You	O
're	O
a	O
big	O
spoil	O


you	O
know	O
there	O
are	O
mutations	O
you	O
know	O


and	O


who	O
was	O
saying	B-GPE
that	O


oh	O


Tamara	O


Poor	O
poor	O
girl	O


She	O
's	O
totally	O


yeah	O


well	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
Lilly	O


but	O
Tamara	O


come	O
on	O


I	O
mean	O


yeah	O


but	O


as	O
soon	O
as	O
Lilly	O
is	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
apartment	O
they	O
'll	O
go	O
on	O
her	O


and	O
if	O
we	O
keep	O


%um	O
did	O
you	O
tell	O
me	O
about	B-DATE
the	O
stuff	O
that	O
you	O
rub	O
into	O
them	O
and	O
the	O
fleas	O
die	O


yeah	O


but	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
that	O


you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
give	O
that	O
to	O
Lilly	O
anymore	O
if	O
the	O
fleas	O
are	O
gone	O


yeah	O


the	B-GPE
fleas	I-GPE
are	I-GPE
gone	I-GPE


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
so	O
good	O
for	O
her	O
you	O
know	O
yeah	O
i-	O
because	O
it	O
really	O
goes	O
into	O
the	O
blood	O
you	O
know	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


But	O
%um	O
if	B-PERSON
you	O
let	O
her	O
out	O
again	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
have	O


yeah	O


then	O
it	O
can	O
happen	O
again	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
can	O
%uh	O
put	O
a	O
flea	O
collar	O
collar	O
around	O
her	O
you	O
know	O


right	O


right	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
that	O


I	O
'm	O
sure	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
actually	O
have	O
one	O
here	O
still	O
I	O
felt	O
we	O
've	O
never	O
had	B-FAC
a	I-FAC
flea	I-FAC
in	O
that	O
apartment	O
which	O
is	O


you	O
know	O
it	O
must	O
have	O
started	O
with	O
one	O
little	O
fucking	O
flea	O
you	O
know	O


%uh	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
bizarre	O
the	O
whole	O
story	O
how	O
it	O
got	O
in	O
there	O


you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
the	O
thing	O


like	O
I	O
was	O
horrified	O
when	O
Kristen	O
told	O
me	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
even	O
getting	O
mad	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
like	O
saying	O
like	O
did	O
n't	O
you	O
ever	O
clean	O
the	O
place	O
.	O
you	O
know	O


and	O
apparently	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
anything	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
that	O
No	O
like	O
if	O
the	O
place	O
is	O
clean	O
or	O
not	O
you	O
know	O


No	O


and	O
my	O
sister	O
Lisa	O
said	O
that	O
her	O
house	O
has	O
been	O
infested	O
%um	O
several	O
times	O
with	O
fleas	O
while	O
they	O
were	B-CARDINAL
living	O
in	O
it	O
just	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
dog	O
you	O
know	O


and	O
%um	O
the	O
dog	O
was	O
always	O
running	O
around	O
outside	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
place	O
gets	O
completely	O
%um	O
infested	O


and	O
she	O
had	O
to	O
bomb	O
while	O
they	O
were	O
living	O
there	O


and	O
what	O
they	O
did	O
was	O
they	O
bombed	O
everything	O
but	O
the	O
kitchen	O
you	O
know	O


mhm	O


and	O
then	O
%um	O
like	O
they	O
put	O
down	O
a	O
plastic	O
thing	O
over	O
the	O
dining	O
room	O
table	O
and	O
things	O
like	O
that	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
like	O


and	O
you	O
just	O
lived	O
in	O
the	O
poison	O
afterwards	O


and	O
she	O
said	O
well	O
yeah	O
you	O
know	O


%um	O
that	O
's	O


yeah	O


well	O
I	O
mean	O
all	O
you	O
can	O
do	O
is	O
like	O
just	O
wash	O
everything	O
do	O
a	O
Spring	O
clean	O
when	O
you	O
get	O
that	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


Well	O
when	O
I	O
get	O
back	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
mean	O
if	O
Tamara	O
washed	O
the	B-GPE
plates	I-GPE
that	O
's	O
very	O
nice	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
them	O
all	O
out	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
wash	O
down	O
that	O
%um	B-GPE
you	I-GPE
know	O
that	O
thing	O


and	O
%uh	O
I	O
'm	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
speaking	O
native	O
English	O
.	O


Well	O
she	O
did	O
that	O


she	O
did	O
that	O


the	O
kitchen	O
shelf	O
the	O
white	O
one	O


though	O
she	B-ORDINAL
did	O
n't	O
get	O
everything	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
cupboard	O


and	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
still	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


yeah	O


the	O
white	O


no	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
really	O


I	O
mean	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
use	O
those	O


You	O
know	O
we	O
noticed	O
afterwards	O
that	O
the	O
door	O
was	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
open	O
you	O
know	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
doors	O


so	O


yeah	O


so	O
that	O
's	O
okay	O


but	O
%um	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
only	O
thing	O
that	O
's	O
in	O
there	O
are	O
glasses	O


we	O
wash	O
the	O
glasses	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


but	O
that	O
's	O
so	O
sweet	O
of	O
her	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
believe	O
she	O
did	O
that	O


oh	O
god	O
I	O
feel	O
horrible	O


No	O


it	O
's	O
okay	O


yeah	O


thank	O
you	O
so	O
much	O


thank	O
you	O
so	O
much	O


you	O
're	O
welcome	O


You	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
%um	O


You	O
owe	O
us	O
a	O
nice	O
dinner	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O


I	O
know	B-GPE


definitely	B-NORP
.	O


a	O
real	O
feast	O
.	O


A	O
total	O
feast	O
,	O


yeah	O


oh	O
Christian	O
's	O
really	B-GPE
looking	O
forward	O
to	O
coming	B-NORP
back	O
.	O


he	O
's	O
like	O
%um	O
mhm	B-NORP
getting	I-NORP
a	O
little	O
bit	O
tired	O
of	O
being	O
here	O
because	O
like	O
it	O
's	O
so	O
hard	O
to	B-NORP
%um	O
break	O
into	O
the	O
scene	O


like	O
there	B-NORP
's	I-NORP
so	O
many	O
musicians	O
here	O
that	O
even	O
if	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
like	O
a	O
session	O
and	O
you	O
play	O
really	O
good	O
and	O
people	O
see	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
playing	O
good	O
and	B-NORP
turn	O
their	O
heads	O
and	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O
,	O
nobody	B-NORP
comes	O
up	O
to	O
him	B-NORP
and	I-NORP
asks	O
him	O
who	O
he	B-NORP
is	O
--	O
yeah	O
--	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
anybody	O
new	O
you	O
know	O


it	O
's	O
like	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
any	O
more	O
competition	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
like	O


yeah	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
sessions	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
in	O
Harlem	O
and	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O


and	O
then	O
he	O
kind	O
of	O
just	O
got	O
fed	O
up	O
and	O
stopped	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
been	O
practicing	O
at	O
home	O


%mm	O


but	O
he	O
's	O
about	O
ready	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
could	O
stay	O
here	O
longer	O
,	O
definitely	B-PERCENT
.	O


Yes	O
,	O


yes	O


I	O
love	O
being	O
here	O


I	O
love	O
being	O
here	O
.	O


yeah	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
do	O
really	O
good	O
%um	O
just	O
being	O
here	O


it	O
's	O
a-	O


you	O
know	O
I	O
think	O
I	O
do	O
want	O
to	O
spend	O
a	O
longer	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
in	O
New	O
York	O
again	O
.	O


mhm	O


You	O
know	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
totally	O
natural	O
,	O
probably	O
because	O
I	O
have	O
my	O
own	O
place	O
,	O


but	O
%um	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
good	O
things	B-NORP
are	O
happening	O
.	O


Like	O
the	O
show	O
is	O
coming	O
up	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
middle	I-ORG
of	O
framing	O
these	O
photographs	O
for	O
the	O
show	O


and	O
show	O
's	O
coming	O
up	O


and	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
my	O
book	O
into	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
different	O
collections	O
and	O
things	O
like	O
that	O


mhm	O


and	O
%uh	O
just	O
you	O
know	O
seeing	O
people	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
seen	O
in	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
and	O
you	O
know	O
getting	O
to	O
know	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
people	O
a	O
little	O
bit	B-PRODUCT
better	I-PRODUCT
,	O


like	O
I	O
got	O
to	O
know	O
%um	O
Karen	O


remember	O
%uh	O
Laura	O
's	O
friend	O
,	O
Karen	O
Rosenflat	O
?	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


I	O
got	O
to	O
know	O
her	O
like	O
a-	O


I	O
mean	O
we	O
went	O
to	B-LANGUAGE
school	I-LANGUAGE
together	O
and	O
everything	O
like	O
that	O


but	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
really	O
know	O
her	O
very	O
well	O
.	O


I	O
got	O
to	O
know	O
her	O
a	O
bit	O
better	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


I	O
got	O
to	O
know	B-PERSON
my	I-PERSON
sister	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
Arty	O
's	O
wife	O
better	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
kind	B-PERSON
of	O
nice	O
just	O
being	O
back	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
?	O
mhm	O
and	O
stuff	O


but	O
%um	O
god	O
when	O
I	O
come	O
back	O
to	O
Berlin	O
,	O
%um	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
You	O
know	O
stressed	O
from	B-GPE
day	O
one	O
%uh	O
yeah	O
because	O
the	O
show	O
is	O
coming	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
Vica	O


and	O
%um	O


Want	O
to	O
hear	O
something	O
funny	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
show	O
those	O
objects	O
you	O
know	O
those	O
overpainted	O
objects	O
in	O
the	O
glass	O
cases	O
and	O
stuff	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
make	O
pedestals	O
What	O
?	O
for	O
them	O
and	O
stretch	O
this	B-DATE
kind	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
brocade	I-DATE
fabric	I-DATE
uh-huh	O
around	O
these	O
panels	O
you	B-GPE
know	I-GPE
of	O
the	O
pedestals	O


and	O
they	O
're	O
pairing	B-GPE
me	O
together	O
with	O
another	B-DATE
like	O
conceptual	O
minimalist	O
%um	O
Gunda	B-CARDINAL
Fursta	O
who	O
did	O
like	O
a	O
red	O
projection	O
like	O
a	O
slide	O
projection	O
of	O
a	O
red	O
color	O
onto	O
a	O
wall	O
as	O
like	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
last	I-CARDINAL
you	I-CARDINAL
know	O
work	O
that	O
she	O
did	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
this	O
one	O
gallery	O


I	O
mean	O
unless	O
it	O
's	O
an	O
ugly	O
red	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
,	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
probably	O
just	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
very	B-DATE
deep	O
kind	O
of	O
red	B-GPE
you	O
know	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
kind	O
of	O
look	O
funny	O


where	O
is	O
that	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
?	O


in	O
the	O
&	O


where	O
is	O
that	O
again	O
?	O


they	O
moved	O
.	O


They	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
%uh	O
Furssdom	O


and	O
they	O
moved	O
to	O
Brunemstrascher	O


Budem	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


Brunemstra-	O


Brunemstrascher	O
,	O


yeah	O


uh-huh	O


yeah	O


so	O


it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O


this	O
Hai	B-GPE
Tawanly	O
show	O
that	O
I	O
saw	O
in	O
New	O
York	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
there	O
is	O
here	O
now	O


Where	O


at	O
the	O
%uh	O


yeah	O


really	O


the	O
only	O
stop	O
in	O
Europe	O


oh	O
wow	O
is	O
it	O
going	O
to	O
still	O
be	O
open	O
when	O
I	O
get	O
back	O


%uh	O
yeah	O


until	O
November	O
some	O
time	O


oh	O
good	O


oh	O
good	O
good	O
good	O
because	O
I	O
like	O
his	O
work	O


I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
see	O
that	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
show	O


yeah	O


it	O
's	O
great	O


I	O
sold	O
a	O
book	O
to	O
the	O
Museum	O
of	O
Modern	O
Art	O


Did	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
?	O


No	O


oh	B-GPE


and	O
I	O
sent	O
one	O
to	O
the	O
Whitney	O


Well	O


but	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
heard	O
anything	O
From	O
them	O


I	O
mean	O
it	B-TIME
's	O
just	O
a	O
measly	B-PERSON
little	O
book	O


if	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O


but	O


because	O
I	O
got	O
like	O
a	O
total	O
thrill	B-GPE
out	O
of	O
that	O


what	O
do	B-CARDINAL
you	O
mean	O
you	O
sold	O
a	O
book	O
to	O
them	O


%uh	O
%uh	O
%um	O
the	O
little	B-CARDINAL
drain	O
book	O
you	O
know	O


yeah	O


I	O
sold	O
them	B-CARDINAL
one	B-CARDINAL


they	O
bought	B-CARDINAL
one	B-CARDINAL


the	B-CARDINAL
archives	O


oh	O
the	O
archives	O
oh	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


because	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
it	B-TIME
around	I-TIME
into	O
other	O
%um	O
archives	O


but	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
had	O
you	O
know	O
any	B-PERSON
good	O
response	O


Now	O
your	O
name	O
is	O
listed	O
in	O
the	O
Museum	O
of	O
Modern	O
Art	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
think	O
so	O


no	O


yeah	O


right	O


it	O
'll	O
be	B-DATE
engraved	I-DATE
in	O
stone	O
on	O
the	O
outside	O


well	O
not	O
that	O
but	O
somewhere	O
in	O
the	O
computer	O


%um	O
poss-	O


yeah	B-PERSON


it	O
's	O
somewhere	O
in	O
the	O
%um	O
archives	O


archives	O


computer	O


computer	O


right	O


right	O


yeah	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
know	O
if	O
that	O
's	O
considered	B-PERSON
officially	B-PERSON
part	O
of	O
the	O
collection	O
you	O
know	O


Lilly	O
stop	O
that	O


just	O


what	O
she	O
doing	O
?	O


She	O
's	O
fucking	O
got	O
my	O
chair	O
completely	O


oh	O
my	O
god	O


she	O
's	O
scratching	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
up	O


I	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
get	O
her	O
a	O
scratching	O
post	O


and	O
then	O
she	O
does	O
these	O
things	O


she	O
loves	O
like	O
being	O
under	O
the	O
red	O
material	O
under	B-LANGUAGE
the	O
chairs	O


yeah	O


and	O
then	O
like	O
%uh	O
sometimes	O
she	O
drives	O
me	O
crazy	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
like	O
playing	O
with	O
her	O
like	O
that	O


but	O


yeah	O


I	O
sit	O
here	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
know	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
under	O
the	O
material	O


oh	O
god	O


and	B-LANGUAGE
then	O
I	O
'll	O
let	O
my	O
arm	O
hanging	O
down	O


and	O
then	O
she	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
jumps	O
at	O
my	O
arm	O
and	O
starts	O


and	O
she	O
thinks	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
play	O
with	O
her	O


and	O
then	O
sometimes	O
I	O
'm	O
just	O
really	O
like	O
shocked	O


she	O
's	O
very	O
very	O
playful	O


yeah	O


she	O
's	O
very	O
playful	O


oh	O
%uh	O


that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
nice	O
to	O
see	O
Lilly	O
again	O


we	O
have	O
two	O
cats	B-GPE
here	O


and	O
one	O
them	O
is	O
kind	O
of	O
dumb	O


%huh	O
?	O


What	O
price	O
?	O


%uh	O
,	O
free	O
Free	O
!	O
which	O
is	O
even	O
better	O
,	O
yes	O


Wow	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
about	O
you	O
?	O


%uh	O
,	O
then	O
I	O
'll	O
work	O
on	O
me	O
.	O


%uh	O
because	O
see	O
if	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
back	O
%uh	O
like	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
it	O
's	O
no	O
big	O
deal	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
just	O
stay	O
here	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
important	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


You	O
see	O
?	O


So	O
the	O
main	O
thing	O
is	O
to	O
get	O
your	O
deal	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
might	O
not	O
come	O
back	O
here	O
?	O


Right	O
.	O


Got	O
you	O
.	O


See	O
I	O
'm	O
only	O
be	O
there	O
for	O
like	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Right	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
mean	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
cost	O
me	O
an	O
arm	O
and	O
a	O
leg	O
it	O
's	O
cheaper	O
if	O
I	O
just	O
stay	O
here	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O


Because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
but	O
work	O
that	B-DATE
day	I-DATE


so	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Well	O
what	O
happens	O
to	O
your	O
work	O
then	O
?	O


Well	O
I	O
just	O
wo	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
mean	O
if	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
pay	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
a	B-MONEY
thousand	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
it	O
's	O
not	O
expeditious	O
to	O
make	O
a	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
and	O
That	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
word	O
.	O
Those	O
crosswords	O
are	O
making	O
you	O
use	O
big	O
words	O
.	O
pay	O
a	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Is	O
that	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
?	O


Getting	O
better	O
?	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


mhm	O
%hm	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
purpose	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Increase	O
your	O
word	O
power	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
%um	O
Well	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
thing	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
way	O


I	O
'm	O
sure	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
back	O
%uh	O
you	O
know	O
within	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
or	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
of	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
because	O
there	O
're	O
eighteen	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
flights	O
%uh	O
that	O
go	O
back	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
on	O
American	B-ORG
.	O


On	O
American	B-ORG
.	O


On	O
American	B-ORG
.	O


They	O
go	O
from	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


oh	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
flight	O
to	O
London	B-GPE
?	O


Right	O
.	O


I	O
see	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
%uh	O
just	O
get	O
the	O
%uh	O
connecting	O
flight	O
.	O


Can	O
you	O
get	O
me	O
a	O
connecting	O
flight	O
?	O


Well	O
that	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
a	O
problem	O
.	O


Susan	B-PERSON
said	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
inter-Europe	O
flights	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


No	O
,	O


I	O
can	O
go	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
place	O
here	O
and	O


Sure	O
.	O


Sure	O
.	O


%uh	O
%uh	O
nothing	O
's	O
%uh	O
%uh	O
possible	O
with	O
Susan	B-PERSON
.	O


No	O
,	O


everybody	O
who	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
ticket	O
a	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
is	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
fly	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
rest	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


So	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
a	O
ticket	O
to	O
Milan	B-GPE
,	O
for	O
nine	B-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
?	O


Well	O
again	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
point	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
cost	O
that	O
%uh	O
It	O
's	O
easier	O
for	O
me	O
just	O
to	O
get	O
yours	O
than	O
not	O
do	O
one	O
.	O


okay	O


You	O
see	O
?	O


mhm	O
.	O


%um	O


I	O
'm	O
eating	O
a	O
banana	O
,	O


excuse	O
me	O
.	O


It	O
just	O


I	O
see	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
it	O
just	O
%uh	O
depends	O
on	O
if	O
you	O
would	O
just	O
like	O
the	O
you	O
know	O
stand	O
by	O


that	O
's	O
the	O


Well	O


You	O
know	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
sh-	O


you	O
know	O


And	O
I	O
'd	O
have	O
to	O
stand	O
by	O
in	O
London	B-GPE
by	O
myself	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Like	O
a	O
big	O
girl	O
,	O


yes	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


Exactly	O
.	O


but	O
exactly	O
.	O


that	O
's	O
the	O
thing	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
we	O
Amazing	O
.	O
just	O
pick	O
a	O
day	O
%uh	O
you	O
know	O


like	O
probably	O
the	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
like	O
the	B-DATE
%uh	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
August	I-DATE
would	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
time	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


%um	O
Mondays	B-DATE
sometimes	O
people	O
coming	O
back	O


but	O
%uh	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
nobody	O
leaves	O
on	O
Tuesdays	B-DATE
.	O


Well	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
to	O
come	O
like	O
on	O
that	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
first	I-DATE


and	O
then	O
I	O
'd	O
be	O
closer	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
middle	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
August	I-DATE
anyways	O
?	O


%uh	O
,	O
well	O
I	O
mean	O
Can	O
we	O
do	O
that	O
?	O
%mm	O
that	O
's	O
something	O
you	O
could	O
do	O
.	O


%uh	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
other	O
thing	O
is	O


Because	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
coming	O
anyways	O
then	O
Right	O
.	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
fly	O
with	O
you	O
so	O
I	O
could	O
just	O
come	O
that	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
the	O
other	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
you	O
could	O
just	O
stay	O
longer	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Exactly	O
.	O


Get	O
a	O
short	O
flight	O
.	O


Just	O
stay	O
longer	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
yeah	O
,	O


but	O


mhm	O
.	O


Maybe	O
you	O
came	O
like	O
the	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
%uh	O
,	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
%uh	O
a	B-DATE
little	I-DATE
over	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
instead	O
of	O


Right	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
should	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
work	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
if	O
I	O
came	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
first	I-DATE


that	O
way	O
then	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
can	O
change	O
it	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
can	O
probably	O
change	O
it	O
.	O


Because	O
that	O
way	O
oh	O
.	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
closer	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
middle	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
August	I-DATE


and	O
hopefully	O
when	O
the	O
problems	O
arise	O
with	O
David	B-PERSON
Steel	I-PERSON
,	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
even	O
say	O
if	O
.	O
%um	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
resolve	O
it	O
from	O
here	O
and	O
not	O
have	O
it	O
ruin	O
my	O
vacation	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
true	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
'd	O
rather	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
doing	O
that	O
craziness	O


and	O
I	O
'd	O
still	O
be	O
there	O
for	O
B	B-PERSON
B	I-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
and	O
Etta	B-PERSON
James	I-PERSON
.	O


duh	O
,	O
duh	O
,	O
buh	O
,	O
buh	O
,	O
duh	O
duh	O
.	O


they	O
there	O
?	O


What	O
?	O


What	O
day	O
are	O
they	O
here	O
?	O


Hold	O
on	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
paper	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


Well	O
no	O
I	O
got	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
g-	O


%uh	O
they	O
're	O
here	O
the	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
third	I-DATE


so	O
yeah	O
you	O
'd	O
get	O
here	O
the	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
second	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


%um	O


You	O
know	O


and	O
if	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
room	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
I	O
could	O
come	O
the	B-DATE
twentieth	I-DATE
by	O
myself	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
Where	O
was	O
that	O
paper	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
?	O


Which	O
paper	O
?	O


The	O
paper	O
that	O


I	O
copied	O
it	O
for	O
you	O
and	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


No	O
.	O
No	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
where	O
was	O
it	O
when	O
you	O
told	O
me	O
I	O
had	O
it	O
and	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
you	O
had	O
it	O
.	O


Who	O
had	O
it	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


Where	O
did	O
it	O
come	O
from	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
history	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
history	O
detective	O
.	O


where	O
did	O
it	O
come	O
from	O
?	O
458.93_461.27_A:	O


The	O
important	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
say	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
so	O
.	O


No	O
.	O
No	O
.	O
No	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
well	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
thing	O
in	O
your	O
life	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
very	O
well	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
just	O
not	O
happy	O
to	O
have	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
got	O
to	O
get	O
some	O
justice	O
.	O


I	O
told	O
you	O
dumb	O
shit	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
the	O
program	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
tough	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
tough	O
.	O


%uh	O
,	O
so	O
what	O
I	O
'll	O
do	O
then	O
is	O
%uh	O
then	O
I	O
'll	O
go	O
ahead	O
and	O
get	O
it	O
then	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


%um	O


Will	O
you	O
have	O
any	O
money	O
I	O
can	O
stand	O
by	O
?	O


I	O
've	O
got	O


Like	O
go	O
get	O
a	O
hotel	O
if	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
?	O


oh	O
I	O
'll	O
have	O
some	O
money	O
by	O
then	O
.	O


oh	O
right	O
.	O


%uh	O
,	O
no	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Everybody	O
will	O
have	O
the	O
stuff	O
by	O
then	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


That	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
a	O
problem	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Wo	O
n't	O
be	O
a	O
problem	O
.	O


%um	O
The	B-DATE
sixteenth	I-DATE
you	O
'd	O
have	O
to	O
stay	O
over	O
in	O
Boston	B-GPE
anyway	O
%uh	O
if	O
you	O
did	O
that	O
.	O


But	O
again	O
that	O
one	O
was	O
n't	O
even	O
available	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
I	O
called	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


they	O
said	O
call	O
because	O
people	O
do	O
cancel	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


And	O
%uh	O
so	O
you	O
know	O
during	O
the	O
time	O
we	O
just	O
call	O
on	O
a	O
daily	O
basis	O
just	O
Sure	O
.	O
changing	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
groovy	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
problem	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
excited	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
problem	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
ticket	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
I	O
'll	O
%uh	O
see	O
if	O
we	O
can	O
get	O
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
way	O
and	O
then	O
buy	O
another	O
one	B-CARDINAL
way	O
going	O
back	O
.	O


this	O
ticket	O
is	O
to	O
Milan	B-GPE
?	O


%uh	O
no	O
get	O
it	O
to	O
Nice	B-GPE
,	O
from	O
London	B-GPE
to	O
Nice	B-GPE
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
coming	O
,	O


when	O
I	O
leave	O
L	B-GPE
A	I-GPE
where	O
do	O
I	O
fly	O
to	O
?	O


London	B-GPE
?	O


London	B-GPE
.	O


mhm	O
yeah	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
I	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
boat	O
because	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
inter-Europe's	O
according	O
to	O
Susan	B-PERSON
.	O


%ah	O
Right	O
.	O


Exactly	O
.	O


All	O
the	O
people	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
are	O
paralyzed	O
.	O


yep	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


Well	O
let	O
me	O
know	O
.	O


%uh	O
no	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
go	O
ahead	O
and	O
%uh	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


okay	O


And	O
%uh	O
I	O
'll	O
go	O
and	O
talk	O
to	O
the	O
person	O
here	O
cause	O
they	O
get	O
cheap	O
tickets	O
%uh	O
okay	O
.	O
from	O
London	B-GPE
to	O
Nice	B-GPE
and	O
stuff	O
.	O


Is	O
Neil	B-PERSON
still	O
there	O
?	O


%uh	O
yep	O
.	O


yep	O
.	O


yep	O
.	O


Exactly	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
never	O
going	O
home	O
.	O


%uh	O
let	O
's	O
see	O


+Saturday+	B-DATE
we	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
dinner	O
with	O
%uh	O
,	O
Georgio	B-PERSON
the	O
other	O
night	O
.	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
And	O
%uh	O
had	O
a	O
really	O
good	O
meal	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
go	O
there	O
again	O
when	O
%uh	O
you	O
come	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
really	O
good	O
restaurant	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
people	O
who	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
jazz	O
festival	O
with	O
me	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


They	O
own	O
the	O
restaurant	O
.	O


oh	O
sure	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
'll	O
probably	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
with	O
us	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


That	O
's	O
fine	O
.	O


Nice	O
people	O
.	O


Cool	O
.	O


Cool	O
.	O


Cool	O
.	O


Cool	O


yes	O
yes	O
.	O


So	O
have	O
any	O
of	O
your	O
things	O
closed	O
?	O


No	O
.	O


Nothing	O


Nothing	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
had	O
a	O
nice	O
dream	O
though	O
that	O
David	B-PERSON
was	O
just	O
fine	O
.	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
That	O
he	O
got	O
his	O
money	O
in	O
today	B-DATE
like	O
he	O
's	O
supposed	O
to	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
a	O
dream	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
still	O
has	O
n't	O
made	O
any	O
inroads	O
?	O


%uh	O
%uh	O
.	O


Nothing	O
%huh	O
?	O


He	O
's	O
having	O
trouble	O
closing	O
his	O
station	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
may	O
not	O
happen	O
.	O


oh	O
god	O
.	O


If	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
happen	O
he	O
'll	O
commit	O
suicide	O
.	O


The	O
station	O
?	O


Right	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
get	O
the	O
station	O
.	O
Probably	O
.	O
He	O
'll	O
commit	O
suicide	O
.	O


He	O
'll	O
be	O
in	O
bad	O
shape	O
.	O


mhm	O


and	O
then	O
that	O
's	O
because	O
everybody	O
involved	O
will	O
get	O
sued	O
.	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
mean	O
?	O


Everybody	O
involved	O
?	O


Does	O
that	O
mean	O
Shirl	B-PERSON
Clay	I-PERSON
?	O


Probably	O
.	O


Why	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
they	O
can	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
'll	O
try	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
how	O
people	O
are	O
.	O


About	O
the	O
fall	O
one	O
you	O
mean	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


trying	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
told	O
him	O
too	O
that	O
I	O
'll	O
mention	O
to	O
him	O
again	O
on	O
Monday	B-DATE


but	O
,	O
well	O
of	O
coarse	O
Mister	O
Oharshi	B-PERSON
is	O
not	O
always	O
prompt	O
in	O
his	O
answer	O
either	O


but	O
maybe	O
Mister	O
Furobiashi	B-PERSON
too	O
will	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
just	O
wondering	O
should	O
I	O
just	O
pick	O
a	O
date	O
and	O
say	O
I	O
'm	O
coming	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


because	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
at	O
first	O
we	O
were	O
talking	O
about	O
that	O
trying	O
to	O
work	O
it	O
in	O
with	O
the	O
festival	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
good	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
fact	O
Right	O
that	O
we	O
foreign	O
teachers	O
many	O
of	O
us	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
down	O
to	O
that	O
Sure	O
which	O
is	O
right	O
after	O
you	O
know	O
which	O
we	O
'll	O
leave	O
like	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
Friday	I-DATE
night	I-DATE
%uh	O
,	O
the	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
and	O
then	O
be	O
down	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
fifth	I-DATE
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


so	O
I	O
think	O
probably	O
just	O
work	O
it	O
in	O
to	O
your	O
general	O
scheduling	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
you	O
've	O
done	O
before	O
and	O
not	O
bother	O
hit	O
it	O
on	O
that	O
weekend	O
.	O


We-	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
'm	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O


what	O
I	O
was	O
trying	O
to	O
figure	O
I	O
asked	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
students	O
here	O
whether	O
they	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
better	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
before	O
or	O
after	O
the	O
fall	O
festival	O


and	O
they	O
said	O
after	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
agree	O
?	O


Yes	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
mainly	O
because	O
there	O
are	O
,	O


especially	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
the	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
before	I-DATE
,	O


that	O
's	O
when	O
the	O
students	O
finally	O
get	O
down	O
to	O
preparing	O
for	O
the	O
festival	O


and	O
so	O
those	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
are	O
really	O
yeah	O
.	O
pretty	O
busy	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
after	O
the	O
festival	O
%uh	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
a	O
lot	O
freer	O


so	O
if	O
you	O
could	O
make	O
it	O
after	O
that	O
weekend	O
.	O


What	O
about	O
,	O
just	O
,	O


I	O
'm	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
calendar	O
trying	O
to	O
figure	O
,	O


what	O
about	O
,	O
say	O
on	O
November	B-DATE


say	O
if	O
I	O
either	O
come	O
in	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
ninth	I-DATE
or	O
you	O
know	O
the	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
eighth	I-TIME
from	O
wherever	O
,	O


I	O
probably	O
will	O
already	O
finish	O
the	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Maybe	O
make	O
Japan	B-GPE
the	O
last	O
place	O
.	O


Last	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
come	O
in	O
on	O
either	O
the	O
eighth	B-DATE
or	O
ninth	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
then	O
leave	O
there	O
on	O
Saturday	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
eleventh	I-DATE
.	O


what	O
are	O
those	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
,	O


do	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
those	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
might	O
be	O
like	O
?	O


Would	O
those	O
be	O
good	O
days	B-DATE
?	O


Eighth	B-DATE
,	O
or	O
eighth	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
ninth	I-DATE
?	O


or	O
ninth	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
tenth	I-DATE
.	O


%uh	O
,	O
ninth	B-DATE
is	O


yes	O
obviously	O
we	O
have	O
our	O
special	O
chapel	O
that	B-DATE
week	I-DATE


but	O
that	O
's	O
just	O
second	B-ORDINAL
period	O


it	O
's	O
just	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
classes	O
second	B-ORDINAL
period	O
and	O
the	O
students	O
have	O
this	O
special	O
chapel	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
evenings	O
for	O
a	O
meeting	O
or	O
something	O
would	O
be	O
fine	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
the	O
parents	O
again	O
,	O


that	O
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
so	O
well	O
received	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
last	O
time	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
've	O
got	O
of	O
coarse	O
some	O
more	O
parents	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O
it	O
's	O


%um	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
we	O
're	O
getting	O
a	O
few	O
graduates	O
going	O
back	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
that	O
graduated	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
a	O
much	O
bigger	O
--	O
you	O
would	O
come	O
in	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
ninth	I-DATE
then	O
?	O
--	O
group	O


Either	O
that	O
or	O
say	O
the	B-TIME
late	I-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
or	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
evening	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
eighth	I-TIME
.	O


okay	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
a	O
You	O
know	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
English	O
department	O
faculty	O
meeting	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
eighth	I-DATE
,	O


but	O


And	O
that	O
goes	O
until	O
what	O
time	O
?	O


Well	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
start	O
until	O
five	B-TIME
ten	I-TIME
.	O


oh	O
,	O
okay	O
.	O


Five	B-TIME
ten	I-TIME
till	O


So	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
to	O
come	O
in	O
on	O
,	O
like	O
the	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
ninth	I-TIME
or	O
like	O
before	B-TIME
noon	I-TIME
on	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
ninth	I-TIME
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


Or	O
around	B-TIME
noon	I-TIME
or	O
whatever	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
okay	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


%uh	O
,	O
okay	O
.	O


Put	O
down	O
A	O
M	O
and	O
then	O
leave	O
Saturday	B-DATE
,	O
%um	O
,	O
sometime	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Whenever	O
.	O


Because	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
trying	O
to	O
put	O
this	O
together	O


but	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
organize	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
really	O
wanted	O
to	O
organize	O
it	O


yeah	O


%uh	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
J	O
C	O
J	O
C	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
kingpin	O
of	O
this	O
%uh	O
,	O
group	O
.	O


Now	O
Mister	O
Furobiashi	B-PERSON
the	O
last	O
time	O
I	O
did	O
hear	O
from	O
t-	O
,	O


or	O
,	O
no	O
I	O
guess	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
graduate	O
that	O
was	O
just	O
over	O
there	O
and	O
came	O
back	O


and	O
she	O
said	O
when	O
she	O
talked	O
to	O
him	O
that	O
he	O
indicated	O
there	O
were	O
not	O
many	O
%um	O
interested	O
in	O
studying	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
U	I-GPE
S	I-GPE
because	O
they	O
were	O
a	O
not	O
very	O
motivated	O
group	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


the	O
present	O
check	O
at	O
your	O
students	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
year	O
we	O
have	O
about	O
seventeen	B-CARDINAL
or	O
eighteen	B-CARDINAL
in	O
the	O
study	O
abroad	O
class	O
Great	O
In	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
year	O
,	O


and	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
year	O
bunch	O
are	O
different	O


I	O
mean	O
oh	O
they	O
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
motivated	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
true	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
how	O
many	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
although	O
there	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
second	B-ORDINAL
year	O
students	O
in	O
the	O
class	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
,	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
,	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
talked	O
to	O
them	O
yet	O
to	O
see	O
Now	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
interested	O
or	O
just	O
what	O
?	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
thinking	O
about	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
talk	O
with	O
them	O
and	O
see	O
%uh	O
whether	O
they	O
're	O
interested	O
in	O
studying	O
,	O
actually	O
studying	O
abroad	O
or	O
planning	O
on	O
it	O
or	O
anything	O


then	O
we	O
'll	O
know	O
a	O
little	O
better	O
uh-uh	O
.	O
whether	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
have	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
there	O
yeah	O
.	O
or	O
I	O
could	O
fly	O
in	O
in	O
the	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
and	O
out	O
the	B-TIME
next	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
or	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
what	O
would	O
work	O
best	O
mhm	O
.	O
cause	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
wear	O
out	O
my	O
welcome	O


Excuse	O
me	O
for	O
coughing	O
on	O
this	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
no	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
okay	O
.	O


My	O
goodness	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
a	O
native	O
speaker	O
's	O
cough	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
that	O
he	O
ca	O
n't	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
got	O
the	O
smarts	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
just	O
been	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
unmotivated	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


%uh	O
,	O
June	B-DATE
is	O
doing	O
much	O
better	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


%uh	O
,	O
she	O
had	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O


it	O
was	O
a	O
hard	O
start	O
.	O


She	O
kept	O
falling	O
asleep	O
in	O
class	O
.	O


You	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
that	O
in	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
classroom	O
.	O


mhm	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
she	O
was	O
trying	O
to	O
memorize	O
the	O
whole	O
book	O


and	O
were	O
saying	O
no	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
book	O
,	O
you	O
know	O


you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
vocabulary	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
if	O
you	O
memorize	O
it	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
if	O
you	O
make	O
mistakes	O
.	O


mhm	O


You	O
've	O
just	O
got	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
looking	O
for	O
perfection	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
relaxing	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
and	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
is	O
coming	O
along	O
.	O


Hiroki	B-PERSON
unfortunately	O
he	O
's	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
minimal	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
doing	O
the	O
minimal	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
another	O
Japanese	B-NORP
girl	O
in	O
his	O
class	O
who	O
did	O
n't	O
come	O
through	O
J	O
C	O
J	O
C	O


she	O
's	O
a	O
high	O
school	O
graduate	O
mhm	O
.	O
and	O
is	O
very	O
unmotivated	O
,	O
very	O
poor	O
attitude	O
and	O
is	O
just	O
%um	O
,	O
really	O
resistant	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
quite	O
sure	O
why	O
she	O
's	O
here	O
you	O
know	O


uh-huh	O


and	O
%uh	O
Hiroki	B-PERSON
has	O
appointed	O
himself	O
as	O
her	O
protector	O


oh	O
dear	O
.	O


and	O
consequently	O
she	O
's	O
failing	O


%mm	O


and	O
by	O
her	O
testing	O
she	O
should	O
be	O
the	O
top	O
student	O
in	O
the	O
class	O


oh	O


she	O
could	O
be	O
easily	O


but	O
she	O
you	O
know	O
just	O
puts	O
on	O
the	O
air	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
not	O
interested	O


and	O
mhm	O
we	O
had	O
some	O
knock	O
down	O
drag	O
outs	O
with	O
her	O
.	O


%mm	O


She	O
's	O
just	O
really	O
immature	O
the	O
other	O
Japanese	B-NORP
girls	O
say	O
,	O


oh	O
,	O
she	O
's	O
just	O


you	O
know	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
immaturity	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
just	O
identifies	O
with	O
her	O
mhm	O
.	O
you	O
know	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
performing	O
to	O
where	O
he	O
could	O
perform	O
or	O
should	O
perform	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
when	O
she	O
's	O
not	O
around	O
he	O
does	O
better	O
%uh	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
not	O
great	O
but	O
better	O
.	O


%mm	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
,	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
real	O
interesting	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
at	O
what	O
point	O
I	O
will	O
call	O
up	O
his	O
cousin	O
,	O


you	O
know	O
his	O
aunt	O
and	O
uncle	O
live	O
here	O
yeah	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
mhm	O
in	O
town	O


and	O
%uh	O
,	O
this	O
has	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
of	O
a	O
problem	O
because	O
his	O
cousin	O
is	O
a	O
gal	O


she	O
just	O
passed	O
the	O
bar	O
exam	O
and	O
has	O
set	O
up	O
her	O
own	O
law	O
practice	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
brother	O
.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
come	O
from	O
two	B-CARDINAL
different	O
religions	O
go	O
there	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


okay	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


mhm	O
%hm	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
was	O
wonderful	O


and	O
%um	O


And	O
then	O
what	O
was	O
the	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
reception	O
like	O
?	O


Well	O
we	O
went	O
out	O
into	O
the	O
garden	O
and	O
sort	O
of	O
had	O
an	O
informal	O
receiving	O
line	O
,	O


and	O
then	O
everybody	O
went	O
up	O
to	O
North	B-LOC
Park	I-LOC
and	O
changed	O
clothes	O
,	O


and	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
we	O
played	O
softball	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
volleyball	O
,	O
and	O
four	O
square	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
dancing	O
and	O
music	O
and	O
great	O
food	O
,	O
and	O


Wow	O
,	O
that	O
sounds	O
like	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
fun	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


It	O
sounds	O
like	O
it	O
was	O
great	O


yeah	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
told	O
us	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
best	O
wedding	O
they	O
had	O
ever	O
been	O
to	O
,	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
,	O
I	O
guess	O
,	O
the	O
highest	O
compliment	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


So	O
,	O


and	O
where	O
,	O
did	O
you	O
guys	O
go	O
on	O
a	O
honeymoon	O
?	O


We	O
went	O
on	O
a	O
honeymoon	O
to	O
this	O
island	O
off	O
the	O
coast	O
of	O
Puerto	B-GPE
Rico	I-GPE
.	O
oh	O
god	O
.	O
In	O
the	B-LOC
Carribean	I-LOC
.	O


But	O
the	O
hardest	O
part	O
was	O
getting	O
there	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
we	O
had	O
to	O
take	O
three	B-CARDINAL
planes	O
to	O
get	O
there	O
.	O


But	O
the	O


We	O
got	O
this	O
book	O
from	O
my	O
mom	O
about	O
the	B-LOC
Carribean	I-LOC
.	O


And	O
,	O
%um	O
.	O
I	O
'd	O
always	O
wanted	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
Carribean	I-LOC
.	O


So	O
we	O
just	O
decided	O
okay	O
,	O
we	O
'll	O
go	O
.	O


We	O
only	O
went	O
for	O
five	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
was	O
pretty	O
short	O


but	O
,	O
%um	O
.	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
The	O
place	O
was	O
totally	O
laid	O
back	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
this	O
old	O
plantation	O
house	O
that	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
had	O
this	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
rooms	O
.	O


and	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
in	O
the	O
book	O
like	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
guests	O
from	O
the	O
staff	O
.	O


And	O
mhm	O
.	O
%um	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
really	O
,	O
really	O
cool	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
have	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
mismatched	O
sheets	O
and	O
stuff	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
n't	O
fancy	O
at	O
all	O
,	O


but	O
it	O
was	O
really	O
cheap	O
.	O


And	O
uh-huh	O
They	O
just	O
had	O
the	O
bar	O
open	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


You	O
could	O
go	O
and	O
get	O
whatever	O
you	O
wanted	O
and	O
just	O
write	O
it	O
on	O
your	O
guest	O
ticket	O
.	O


And	O
oh	O
my	O
god	O
.	O
They	O
picked	O
fresh	O
mangoes	O
from	O
the	O
yard	O
for	O
breakfast	O
,	O
and	O
stuff	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
great	O
.	O


Wow	O
,	O
it	O
sounds	O
idyllic	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
really	O
tiny	O
,	O


so	O
,	O


the	O
island	O
is	O
only	O
ten	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
long	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


%um	O
.	O
But	O
it	O
was	O
good	O
cause	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
everybody	O
speaks	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O


and	O
yet	O
it	O
's	O
still	O
pretty	O
exotic	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


We	O
went	O
snorkeling	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
it	O
wa-	O


God	O
,	O
it	O
sounds	O
great	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
something	O
I	O
really	O
regret	O
is	O
that	O
Norm	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
honeymoon	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


well	O
you	O
should	O
go	O
on	O
one	O
anyway	O


yes	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


we	O
were	O
planning	O
on	O
going	O
on	O
one	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
days	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
now	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
you	O
'll	O
just	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
your	O
kid	O
.	O


I	O
know	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
really	O
funny	O
if	O
we	O
go	O
right	O
now	O
and	O
tell	O
people	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
on	O
our	O
honeymoon	O
.	O


How	O
big	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


%um	O
,	O
well	O
actually	O
I	O
've	O
only	O
gained	O
four	B-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
.	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
But	O
is	O
it	O
showing	O
?	O
Which	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
lot	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
for	O
how	O
far	O
I	O
am	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
definitely	O
pregnant	O
.	O


yeah	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
have	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
give	O
myself	O
the	O
extra	O
support	O
when	O
I	O
get	O
up	O
.	O


And	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
like	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
how	O
wide	O
you	O
put	O
your	O
feet	O
apart	O
when	O
you	O
get	O
up	O
?	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
probably	O
put	O
my	O
feet	O
like	O
five	B-QUANTITY
inches	I-QUANTITY
further	O
apart	O
and	O
kind	O
of	O
hoist	O
myself	O
up	O
sort	O
of	O
like	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
.	O


Which	O
is	O
pretty	O
funny	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
'm	O
definitely	O
pregnant	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
huge	O
by	O
any	O
means	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
are	O
you	O
five	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
now	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
starting	O
to	O
get	O
into	O
the	O
part	O
where	O
you	O
start	O
to	O
show	O
.	O
And	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
start	O
to	O
get	O
big	O
and	O
the	O
whole	O
bit	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
weird	O
.	O


Like	O
,	O
you	O
go	O
like	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
like	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
fatter	O
in	O
anywhere	O
.	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
Except	O
my	O
stomach	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
honestly	O
looks	O
like	O
I	O
swallowed	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
weird	O
.	O


Like	O
You	O
can	O
s-	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
never	O
really	O
like	O
been	O
up	O
close	O
to	O
a	O
pregnant	O
woman	O
before	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
like	O
I	O
've	O
seen	O
them	O
at	O
the	O
gym	O
and	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O
,	O
but	O
never	O
had	O
a	O
good	O
friend	O
that	O
lived	O
close	O
by	O
that	O
was	O
pregnant	O
that	O
I	O
could	O
like	O
actually	O
look	O
at	O
her	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
the	O
line	O
of	O
your	O
uterus	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
see	O
in	O
your	O
stomach	O
where	O
it	O
is	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
this	O
big	O
circle	O


and	O
it	O
sticks	O
out	O
in	O
that	O
big	O
circle	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
filling	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
--	O
yeah	O
.	O
--	O
thing	O
.	O
An	O
alien	O
presence	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
totally	O
what	O
it	O
feels	O
like	O
.	O


Really	O
.	O


Does	O
it	O
move	O
around	O
yet	O
?	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


he	O
kicks	O
a	O
lot	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
he	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
call	O
him	O
he	O
.	O


He	O
kicks	O
a	O
lot	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
been	O
kicking	O
for	O
about	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
now	O
.	O


%huh	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
he	O
just	O
started	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
started	O
rolling	O
that	O
I	O
can	O
feel	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
they	O
roll	O
the	O
whole	O
time	O
,	O


but	O
now	O
I	O
can	O
feel	O
him	O
rolling	O
,	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
totally	O
bizarre	O
.	O


It	O
's	O


Do	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
name	O
for	O
it	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
a	O
joke	O
name	O
that	O
you	O
call	O
it	O
?	O


Like	O


No	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
heard	O
some	O
really	O
good	O
ones	O
.	O


But	O
The	O
only	O
one	O
that	O
I	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
was	O
Thumper	B-PERSON
,	O
cause	O
he	O
just	O
kicks	O
so	O
much	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
really	O
an	O
active	O
baby	O
.	O


Thumper	B-PERSON
.	O


Well	O
that	O
's	O
good	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Healthy	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
also	O
the	O
monster	O
child	O
is	O
the	O
other	O
thing	O
I	O
call	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
monster	O
child	O
.	O


Rosemary	B-PERSON
's	O
baby	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
%um	O
.	O
Because	O
he	O
kicks	O
so	O
much	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
annoying	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O


Does	O
it	O
wake	O
you	O
up	O
?	O


No	O
he	O
has	O
n't	O
woken	O
me	O
up	O
yet	O
,	O


but	O
if	O
I	O
wake	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
night	O
,	O
he	O
does	O
kick	O


and	O
so	O
you	O
can	O
feel	O
him	O
kicking	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
night	O
if	O
you	O
wake	O
up	O
.	O


What	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
girl	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
probably	O
not	O
a	O
girl	O
,	O
because	O
in	O
our	O
family	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
go	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
our	O
family	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
all	O
our	O
first	B-ORDINAL
cousins	O
,	O
and	O
everything	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
seventy	B-PERCENT
five	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
male	O
.	O


%huh	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
girl	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
positive	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
girl	O
.	O


Like	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
was	O
absolutely	O
positive	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
girl	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
I	O
changed	O
my	O
mind	O
an-	O


now	O
she	O
is	O
a	O
boy	O
.	O


Well	O
that	O
'll	O
be	O
a	O
surprise	O
then	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
ask	O
them	O
not	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
if	O
you	O
had	O


oh	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
having	O
an	O
ultrasound	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Because	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
like	O
,	O


We	O
went	O
and	O
looked	O
up	O
all	O
this	O
research	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
all	O
this	O
stuff	O
.	O


You	O
'll	O
see	O
when	O
you	O
get	O
pregnant	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
,	O
just	O
send	O
me	O
email	O
.	O
Because	O
I	O
looked	O
up	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
stuff	O
,	O


but	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
all	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
prenatal	O
tests	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
now	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
just	O
amnio	O
,	O


it	O
's	O
like	O
other	O
stuff	O
too	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
there	O
's	O
also	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
the	O
ultrasound	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
like	O
if	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
latest	O
research	O
on	O
ultrasound	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
,	O
they	O
really	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


Like	O
they	O
assume	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
safe	O
,	O
because	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
they	O
've	O
had	O
it	O
for	O
twenty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
right	O
.	O


And	O
nothing	O
has	O
happened	O
?	O


They	O
never	O


Ye-	O
,	O


well	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


They	O
've	O
never	O
really	O
done	O
any	O
big	O
studies	O
on	O
it	O
or	O
anything	O
.	O


but	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
a	O
normal	O
,	O
low	O
,	O


like	O
there	O
's	O
reasons	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
ultrasound	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
ultrasound	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
really	O
good	O
diagnostic	O
tool	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


Right	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
a	O
normal	O
low	O
risk	O
pregnancy	O
like	O
mine	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
good	O
diagnostic	O
tool	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


Like	O
,	O
they	O
find	O
as	O
many	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
false	O
positives	O
as	O
they	O
do	O
false	O
negatives	O
.	O


for	O
spina	O
bifida	O
and	O
stuff	O
?	O


Well	O
the	O
only	O
thing	O
they	O
can	O
really	O
check	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
check	O
the	O
heart	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
they	O
can	O
check	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
the	O
baby	O
has	O
a	O
brain	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O
But	O
then	O
they	O
can	O
do	O
some	O
measurements	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
the	O
baby	O
has	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
%ah	O


Defects	O
of	O
various	O
kinds	O
.	O


Like	O
Down	B-PERSON
's	O
Syndrome	O
.	O


Like	O
sometimes	O
y-	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
really	O
very	O
good	O
.	O


Like	O
amnio	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
sure	O
way	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
could	O
give	O
you	O
like	O
some	O
indications	O
that	O
the	O
baby	O
might	O
have	O
Down	B-PERSON
's	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
not	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
diagnostic	O
tool	O
at	O
all	O
for	O
people	O
with	O
low	O
risk	O
pregnancies	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
yeah	O
.	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
bother	O
getting	O
one	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


good	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
sure	O
everything	O
will	O
be	O
fine	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
it	O
anyway	O
.	O


Well	O
what	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
,	O
like	O


and	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
do	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
testing	O
because	O
,	O
like	O
,	O
I	O
've	O
met	O
like	O
three	B-CARDINAL
people	O
since	O
I	O
got	O
pregnant	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
baby	O
had	O
Down	B-PERSON
's	O
,	O
right	O
.	O


They	O
found	O
out	O
the	O
baby	O
had	O
Down	B-PERSON
's	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
aborted	O
it	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
,	O


well	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
called	O
abortion	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
called	O
termina-	O


Termination	O
,	O


that	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
just	O
could	O
n't	O
have	O
done	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
.	O


We	O
talked	O
about	O
it	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
,	O


you	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O
.	O


Like	O
obviously	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
my	O
baby	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
mental	O
defect	O
or	O
anything	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


But	O


But	O
if	O
it	O
does	O
,	O
you	O
'll	O
deal	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
could	O
not	O
have	O
done	O
that	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
worth	O
doing	O
the	O
prenatal	O
testing	O
.	O
Because	O
,	O
you	O
know	O


If	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
abort	O
anyway	O
,	O
then	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
reason	O
to	O
have	O
it	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
conditions	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
test	O
for	O
that	O
are	O
sort	O
of	O
incompatible	O
with	O
life	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


But	O
then	O
I	O
figured	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
I	O
'll	O
just	O
go	O
through	O
the	B-DATE
nine	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	O
pregnancy	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
baby	O
will	O
die	O
when	O
it	O
's	O
born	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


we	O
had	O
this	O
friend	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
supposed	O
to	O
scare	O
you	O
,	O


it	O
's	O
just	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
topic	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
but	O
,	O
the	O
baby	O
died	O
at	O
like	B-DATE
eight	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


%mm	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
read	O
so	O
many	O
of	O
those	O
stories	O
.	O


They	O
just	O
freak	O
me	O
out	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
.	O


And	O
of	O
course	O
they	O
make	O
you	O
give	O
birth	O
anyway	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
have	O
an	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
what	O
are	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
that	O
's	O
how	O
you	O
have	O
an	O
abortion	O
is	O
you	O
give	O
birth	O
you	O
kn-	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
dead	O


you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
dead	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
hassle	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
all	O
that	O
pain	O
knowing	O
the	O
baby	O
's	O
not	O
even	O
alive	O
anyway	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O
She	O
's	O
pregnant	O
again	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
fine	O
.	O


And	O
what	O
happened	O
to	O
the	O
baby	O
?	O


Do	O
they	O
know	O
?	O


They	O
got	O
over	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
got	O
either	O
strangled	O
by	O
its	O
cord	O
or	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O


yeah	O


that	O
's	O
what	O
they	O
g-	O
.	O


They	O
always	O
say	O
that	O
g-	O


They	O
say	O
that	O


but	O


cord	O
accident	O
.	O


it	O
was	O
an	O
accident	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


you	O
know	O
.	O
It	O
's	O
like	O
something	O
happened	O
.	O


or	O
maybe	O
it	O
went	O
into	O
oxygen	O
deficiency	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


Like	O
something	O
happened	O
to	O
her	O


and	O
she	O
was	O
asleep	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


and	O
so	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
even	O
know	O
it	O
until	O
the	B-TIME
next	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


And	O


It	O
was	O
something	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
so	O
scary	O
.	O


But	O
obviously	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
baby	O
for	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
its	O
life	O
and	O
your	O
life	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
worry	O
that	O
it	O
might	O
die	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
or	O
something	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


oh	O
I	O
know	O
it	O
is	O
so	O
scary	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
awful	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
worst	O
thing	O
.	O


Well	O
anyhow	O
,	O
did	O
you	O
get	O
to	O
meet	O
your	O
nephew	O
%uh	O
I	O
did	O
.	O
The	O
baby	O
Jack	B-PERSON
is	O
huge	O
.	O
at	O
the	O
wedding	O
.	O


he	O
's	O
four	B-DATE
months	I-DATE


and	O
he	O
's	O
like	O
eighteen	B-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
.	O


oh	O
my	O
god	O
.	O


The	O
kid	O
is	O
ado-	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
breast	O
milk	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
huge	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
like	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
is	O
n't	O
it	O
?	O


He	O
's	O
huge	O
.	O


he	O
's	O
the	O
shape	O
of	O
a	O
small	O
baby	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
big	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
heavy	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
you	O
better	O
hope	O
that	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
run	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
.	O


How	O
big	O
was	O
he	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
born	O
.	O


Well	O
.	O
He	O
was	O
normal	O
size	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
born	O
.	O


Like	B-QUANTITY
eight	I-QUANTITY
and	I-QUANTITY
a	I-QUANTITY
half	I-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
.	I-QUANTITY


okay	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
my	O
uncle	O
is	O
like	B-QUANTITY
six	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
four	I-QUANTITY
,	O


and	O
my	O
brother	O
is	O
big	O
,	O


and	O
,	O
on	O
Gaelin	B-PERSON
's	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
family	O
there	O
's	O
big	O
people	O
too	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
he	O
could	O
just	O
be	O
a	O
big	O
boy	O


That	O
's	O


I	O
mean	O
eighteen	B-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
.	O


That	O
is	O
humongous	O
.	O


Eighteen	B-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
from	O
breast	O
milk	O
alone	O
in	O
four	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


oh	O
my	O
god	O
.	O


And	O
yet	O
he	O
's	O
small	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
,	O


he	O
does	O
n't	O
look	O
that	O
huge	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
not	O
very	O
long	O
or	O
anything	O


he	O
's	O
just	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
He	O
's	O
chubby	O


but	O
He	O
just	O
weighs	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
hefty	O
.	O


yup	O


yeah	O


well	O
you	O
know	O
they	O
just	O
tell	O
you	O
feed	O
on	O
demand	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
if	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
eat	O
that	O
much	O
you	O
let	O
them	O
eat	O
that	O
much	O
.	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
healthy	O
and	O
all	O


so	O
you	O
know	O
she	O
's	O
just	O
like	O
oh	O
well	O


uh-huh	O


uh-huh	O


And	O
do	O
they	O
seem	O
happy	O
and	O
?	O


%um	O
but	O
although	O
they	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
solicit	O
more	O
throughout	O
the	O
globe	O
instead	O
of	O
just	O
Japan	B-GPE


mhm	O
.	O


although	O
they	O
've	O
had	O
most	O
interest	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
teach	O
probably	O
two	B-CARDINAL
classes	O
and	O
then	O
do	O
administrative	O
work	O
to	O
make	O
connections	O
for	O
these	O
people	O
to	O
have	O
tours	O
or	O
to	O
go	O
look	O
at	O
companies	O
dealing	O
with	O
certain	O
issues	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
working	O
on	O
in	O
their	O
classes	O
.	O


Half	O
of	O
their	O
classes	O
are	O
business	O
half	O
are	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
business	O


mhm	O


mhm	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


mhm	O


So	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
groovy	O
because	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
have	O
all	O
these	O
contacts	O
for	O
them	O
because	O
of	O
my	O
experience	O
in	O
the	O
business	O
world	O
here	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


you	O
know	O
and	O
I	O
do	O
a	O
little	O
teaching	O
for	O
them	O
too	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


What	O
classes	O
did	O
you	O
teach	O
at	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
related	O
?	O


I	O
taught	O
business	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
taught	O
listening	O
.	O


I	O
taught	O
integrated	O
skills	O
and	O
beginning	O
grammar	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
just	O
writing	O
this	O
down	O
so	O
Cool	O
.	O
You	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
tell	O
them	O
about	O
or	O
anything	O
.	O


oh	O
weird	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
?	O


What	O
?	O


I	O
had	O
a	O
dream	O
this	O
morning	O
about	O
,	O


it	O
's	O
weird	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
you	O
were	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
you	O
were	O
.	O


%huh	O
.	O


But	O
Barry	B-PERSON
was	O
definitely	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
Barry	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
somewhere	O


and	O
we	O
had	O
to	O
jump	O
in	O
this	O
water	O


but	O
she	O
would	O
n't	O
let	O
go	O
of	O
me	O
when	O
we	O
got	O
in	O
the	O
water	O


and	O
I	O
woke	O
up	O
because	O
I	O
start	O
drowning	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
that	O
means	O
.	O


I	O
got	O
a	O
postcard	O
from	O
her	O
too	O
the	O
other	O
day	O


yeah	O
.	O
That	O
's	O
a	O
scary	O
dream	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
pretty	O
scary	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


it	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
frustrating	O
type	O
dreams	O
.	O


%eh	O
w-	O


listen	O
.	O


Was	O
it	O
difficult	O
going	O
back	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
U	I-GPE
S	I-GPE
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
harder	O
than	O
I	O
thought	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
actually	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


%um	O
harder	O
in	O
the	O
sense	O
that	O
%uh	O
I	O
was	O
n't	O
used	O
to	O
the	O
pace	O


mhm	O
.	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
pace	O
is	O
totally	O
different	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


%um	O


And	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
anybody	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
fine	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
really	O
missed	O
people	O
%um	O
from	O
Poland	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
all	O
my	O
support	O
system	O
.	O


Coming	O
here	O
the	O
only	O
person	O
that	O
really	O
knew	O
and	O
understood	O
my	O
circumstances	O
was	O
Tom	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
that	O
was	O
really	O
tough	O
because	O
that	O
was	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
pressure	O
on	O
both	O
of	O
us	O
coming	O
with	O
him	O
again	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


%um	O
readjusting	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
Americanisms	O


mhm	O
.	O


%uh	O
Blimpie	B-ORG
's	O
scared	O
me	O
.	O


Blimpie	B-ORG
's	O
is	O
the	O
sandwich	O
place	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
pretty	O
funny	O
.	O


We	O
went	O
in	O
there	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
so	O
yellow	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
just	O
so	O
yellow	O


and	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
help	O
so	O
bad	O
.	O


%ah	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
was	O


%ah	O


I	O
just	O
went	O
back	O


and	O
I	O
decided	O
people	O
are	O
a	O
bit	O
too	O
cheery	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
U	I-GPE
S	I-GPE
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


And	O
see	O
that	O
wanting	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
so	O
bad	O
just	O
freaked	O
me	O
out	O
.	O


oh	O
my	O
God	O
.	O


like	O
,	O
I	O
just	O
like	O
ran	O
into	O
stores	O
and	O
ran	O
out	O
because	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
go	O
on	O
the	O
weekdays	O
you	O
know	O
because	O
Right	O
.	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
had	O
time	O
off	O


and	O
%um	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
I	O
'd	O
walk	O
in	O
there	O


and	O
like	O
five	O
people	O
would	O
say	O
hello	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
be	O
just	O
like	O
leave	O
me	O
alone	O
.	O


oh	O
my	O
God	O
.	O
It	O
's	O
just	O
very	O
hard	O
.	O


I	O
talked	O
to	O
Kristen	B-PERSON
though	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
home	O
.	O


yeah	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


She	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
doing	O
well	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
working	O
which	O
is	O
good	O


and	O
%um	O
she	O
's	O
healthy	O
again	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
good	O
.	O


%hm	O
yeah	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
be	O
healthy	O
again	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O


hey	O
.	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
thing	O
that	O
I	O
got	O
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
found	O
this	O
for	O
me	O
about	O
this	O
freebie	O
experiment	O
thing	O
where	O
you	O
can	O
do	O
this	O
and	O
you	O
can	O
talk	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
was	O
funny	O
because	O
he	O
handed	O
it	O
to	O
me	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
really	O
confused	O


and	O
I	O
said	O
well	O
is	O
this	O
somebody	O
that	O
contacted	O
you	O
on	O
your	O
email	O
or	O
what	O
?	O


He	O
goes	O
no	O
I	O
told	O
you	O
about	O
this	O
last	O
week	O
blah	O
,	O
blah	O
,	O
blah	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
looking	O
at	O
it	O
because	O
it	O
had	O
this	O
guy	O
his	O
name	O
is	O
Mark	O
Yalinsky	B-PERSON
.	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
his	O
email	O
thing	O


and	O
it	O
said	O
U	B-ORG
N	I-ORG
I	O
Lodz	B-GPE
Poland	I-GPE
.	O


You	O
told	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O


And	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
Playboy	B-ORG
joke	O
on	O
this	O
thing	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
done	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
what	O
we	O
do	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
was	O
from	O
Lodz	B-GPE
.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
did	O
somebody	O
try	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
hold	O
of	O
you	O


and	O
he	O
goes	O
no	O
.	O


I	O
go	O
well	O
there	O
's	O
this	O
thing	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
look	O
at	O
this	O


and	O
it	O
you	O
know	O
is	O
all	O
in	O
code	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
goes	O
ooh	O
weird	O
.	O


He	O
goes	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
really	O
funny	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Small	O
world	O
%huh	O
?	O


You	O
're	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
now	O
are	O
you	O
not	O
smoking	O
?	O


No	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
smoking	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
did	O
a	O
few	O
when	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
back	O
too	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
smoking	O
big	O
time	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
a	O
rough	O
couple	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


yeah	O
?	O


Well	O
yeah	O


it	O
's	O
been	O
really	O
busy	O
.	O


The	O
kid	O
sister	O
thing	O
?	O


%huh	O
?	O


The	O
kid	O
sister	O
thing	O
?	O


Well	O
no	O
.	O


Not	O
really	O
that	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
really	O
busy	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
work	O
is	O
concerned	O
.	O


Sure	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
?	O


Now	O
things	O
are	O
just	O
like	O
kind	O
of	O
mellow	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
just	O
you	O
know	O
wrapping	O
things	O
up	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
that	O
bad	O
.	O


Sure	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
hellish	O
for	O
a	O
bit	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


oh	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
.	O


I	O
still	O
,	O


all	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
sleep	O
now	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
trying	O
to	O
nap	O
for	O
the	O
longest	O
time	O
today	O
.	O


Every	O
time	O
I	O
lay	O
down	O
a	O
phone	O
rings	O
and	O
like	O
random	O
people	O
call	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
not	O
that	O
random	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
random	O
receiving	O
a	O
phone	O
call	O
from	O
you	O
.	O


**Eee**.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
a	O
random	O
person	O


but	O


Well	O
thank	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
appreciate	O
being	O
considered	O
%er	O
non	O
random	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
pretty	O
organized	O
and	O
orderly	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
.	O


you	O
're	O
random	O


No	O
problem	O
.	O


Jody	B-PERSON
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
shocked	O
that	O
I	O
heard	O
from	O
you	O
.	O


She	O
what	O
?	O


She	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
happy	O
that	O
I	O
heard	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


Did	O
you	O
get	O
her	O
postcard	O
?	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
heard	O


%hm	O
from	O
her	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


No	O
%huh	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
heard	O
from	O
her	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


She	O
sent	O
you	O
a	O
postcard	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
we	O
both	O
sent	O
you	O
postcards	O
.	O


%ah	O
.	O


All	O
right	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
?	O


What	O
?	O


I	O
just	O
came	O
back	O
from	O
the	B-GPE
U	I-GPE
S	I-GPE


and	O
I	O
have	O
some	O
letters	O
for	O
you	O
including	O
that	O
little	O
package	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
that	O
little	O
package	O
.	O


it	O
is	O
henna	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
%um	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
,	O


no	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
should	O
do	O
.	O


Dorota	B-PERSON
please	O
.	O


Really	O
.	O


%uh	O
.	O


The	O
package	O
of	O
henna	O
,	O
share	O
it	O
with	O
Magda	B-PERSON
.	O


Magda	B-PERSON
is	O
gone	O


so	O
maybe	O
I	O
'll	O
do	O
it	O
in	O
my	O
hair	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
nice	O
brown	O
.	O


oh	O
is	O
it	O
?	O


Good	O
,	O
good	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
a	O
friend	O
of	O
mine	O
from	O
Florida	B-GPE
sent	O
that	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


%eh	O
yeah	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
from	O
Gainesville	B-GPE


Gainesville	B-GPE
Florida	I-GPE
.	O
mhm	O
.	O


yeah	O


And	O


yeah	O


so	O
I	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
think	O
that	O
it	O
goes	O
to	O
a	O
good	O


because	O
sending	O
it	O
back	O
to	O
me	O
would	O
probably	O
just	O
be	O
ludicrous	O


so	O
you	O
know	O
why	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
just	O


So	O
I	O
can	O
keep	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
opening	O
it	O
up	O
right	O
now	O
as	O
you	O
speak	O
so	O
I	O
can	O
put	O
a	O
world	O
peace	O
stamp	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


All	O
right	O
.	O


All	O
right	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
?	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
saying	O
all	O
right	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
now	O
.	O


I	O
went	O
to	O
this	O
conference	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
U	I-GPE
S	I-GPE


and	O
they	O
're	O
like	O
where	O
did	O
you	O
get	O
that	O


Great	O
.	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
%uh	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
really	O
long	O
story	O
.	O


See	O
there	O
was	O
this	O
volunteer	O


and	O
she	O
used	O
to	O
know	O
this	O
old	O
man	O
because	O
she	O
used	O
to	O
work	O


and	O
this	O
man	O
would	O
just	O
sit	O
there	O
and	O
say	O
all	O
right	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
another	O
one	O
though	O
too	O


and	O
Tom	B-PERSON
was	O
really	O
getting	O
sick	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


What	O
was	O
it	O
?	O


.	O


I	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
think	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
another	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
%uh	O
all	O
right	O


**Yuh**	O


because	O
he	O
says	O
what	O
does	O
that	O
mean	O
when	O
I	O
say	O
it	O
now	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
%uh	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
know	O
more	O
information	O
.	O


Just	O
hearing	O
all	O
right	O
is	O
n't	O
enough	O
okay	O
?	O


aw	O
all	O
right	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
catchy	O
man	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
know	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
stop	O
myself	O
from	O
saying	O
it	O
yet	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
%um	O


but	O
anyway	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
come	O
visit	O
you	O
.	O


When	O


When	O
?	O


Next	O
summer	O
.	O


oh	O
I	O
'd	O
love	O
to	O
except	O
you	O
have	O


You	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
gone	O
.	O


What	O
?	O


See	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
long	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
here	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


What	O
,	O


do	O
you	O
mean	O
like	O
early	O
summer	O
or	O
late	O
sum-	O


Well	B-DATE
I	O
mean	B-DATE
your	O
job	O
goes	O
through	O
when	O


July	O
,	O
June	O
of	O
next	O
year	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
hoping	O
to	O
be	O
out	O
of	O
here	O
before	O
July	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
,	O


okay	O
.	O


okay	O


Because	O
I	B-PERSON
really	O
would	O
kind	B-GPE
of	O
like	O
to	O
get	O
there	O
before	O
you	O
're	O
gone	O
before	O
Jody	O
is	O
gone	O
,	O
go	O
to	O
Warsaw	O
one	O
more	O
time	O
.	O
mhm	O
.	O
That	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O
.	O


Well	O
Jody	O
might	O
have	O
a	O
job	O
offer	O
in	O
Budapest	O
.	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
looking	O
at	O
that	O
.	O


Is	O
n't	O
that	O
crazy	O
?	O


That	O
's	O
wild	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
June	O
then	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
fine	O
.	O


But	O
then	O
you	O
might	O
come	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
states	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


When	O
?	O


Maybe	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
're	O
done	O
.	O


oh	O
soon	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
playing	O
around	O
with	O
%um	O
working	O
for	O
the	O
Olympics	O
in	O
Atlanta	O
.	O


Cool	O
.	O


Translating	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


oh	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
so	O
,	O


in	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
.	O


%eh	O
Georgia	B-GPE
.	O


oh	B-GPE
Georgia	O
.	O


Georgia	O
.	O


oh	O
**doroter**.	O
That	O
would	O
be	O
really	O
cool	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Be	O
kind	O
of	O
fun	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
a	O
contact	O
person	O


and	O
I	O
should	O
probably	O
call	O
him	O
soon	O
and	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
find	O
out	O
what	O
the	O
deal	O
is	O
.	O


Listen	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
the	O
time	O
difference	O
between	O
here	O
and	O
like	O
Houston	O
?	O


Is	B-GPE
that	O
a	O
random	O
question	O
?	O


Houston	B-TIME
I	I-TIME
think	I-TIME
is	O
still	O
like	O
my	O
time	O
,	O
like	O
seven	O
hours	O
.	O


Seven	O
hours	O
.	O


All	O
right	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
so	O
.	O


%eh	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
probably	O
have	O
a	O
handy	O
dandy	O
time	O
zone	O
map	O
in	O
my	O
phone	O
book	O
if	O
you	O
can	O
just	O
hold	O
on	O


and	O
I	O
'll	O
look	O
and	O
see	O
.	O


Anyway	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
's	O
the	O
weather	O
?	O


You	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
nice	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
as	O
,	O


how	O
's	O
the	O
weather	O
over	O
there	B-GPE
?	O


How	O
come	O
people	O
are	O
dying	O
in	O
Chicago	O
,	O
%huh	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
because	O
of	O
bad	O
administrative	O
things	O


and	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
air	O
and	O
electricity	O


and	O
they	O
're	O
dying	O
of	O
the	O
heat	O
.	O


Is	O
n't	O
that	O


We	O
had	B-GPE
a	O
heat	O
wave	B-CARDINAL
here	O
for	B-QUANTITY
about	I-QUANTITY
a	I-QUANTITY
week	I-QUANTITY
and	I-QUANTITY
a	O
half	O
that	O
was	O
,	O


in	O
Nebraska	O
we	O
had	O
one	O
day	O
a	O
hundred	O
and	O
fifteen	O
degrees	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
joking	O
.	O


No	O
.	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
.	O


Is	O
n't	O
it	O
cra-	O


I	O
thought	O
like	O
you	O
know	O


people	O
were	O
saying	O
oh	O
my	O
God	O
all	O
these	O
people	O
are	O
dying	O
in	O
%um	O
Chicago	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
like	O
oh	O
where	O
did	O
you	O
hear	O
this	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


What	O
was	O
it	O


two	O
hundred	O
and	O
something	O
.	O


Well	O
it	O
's	O
up	O
to	O
four	O
hundred	O
and	O
sixty	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Last	O
time	O
I	O
heard	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


yeah	O


because	O
last	O
time	O
I	O
heard	O
it	O
was	O
two	O
hundred	O
and	O
sixty	O
-	O
two	O
or	O
something	O
like	O
that	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
like	O
wow	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


For	O
something	O
like	O
that	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
reason	O
.	O


yeah	O


tha-	O


%um	O
It	O
looks	O
like	O
Tejas	O
is	O
completely	O
in	O
the	O
central	O
time	O
zone	O
except	O
for	O
El	O
Paso	O
which	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O


no	O


okay	O
so	O
Amarillo	O
and	O
all	O
those	O
pretty	O
things	O
Because	O
I	O
'm	O
trying	O
to	O
decide	O
whether	O
I	O
should	O
wake	O
up	O
one	O
of	O
my	O
new	O
volunteers	O


would	O
you	O
like	O
an	O
area	O
code	O
?	O


No	O
I	O
have	B-PERSON
the	O
area	O
code	O


thank	O
you	O
Melody	O


Why	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
have	O
total	O
phone	O
like	O
you	O
know	O


total	O
phone	O
?	O


It	O
wo-	O
%eh	O
em	O


do	O
you	O
know	O
what	O


how	O
would	O
you	O


I	O
have	O
total	O
phone	O


yeah	O


%um	O
no	O
like	O
two	O
-	O
way	O
phone	O


%um	B-CARDINAL


Two	O
-	O
way	O
phone	O
sex	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
have	O
that	O
?	O


No	O


what	O
's	O
that	O
?	O


%um	O
caller	O
waiting	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O


no	O


%uh	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	B-CARDINAL


Where	O
you	O
can	O
dial	O
two	O
people	O
at	O
one	O
time	O


oh	O
yeah	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


I	O
got	O
that	O


What	O
is	O
it	O
called	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


but	O
I	O
've	O
never	O
heard	O
of	O
it	O
being	O
total	O
phone	O
.	O


oh	O
wait	O
a	O
second	O
.	O


My	O
phone	O
card	O
will	O
tell	O
me	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
called	O
total	O
phone	O
.	O


oh	O
here	O
it	O
is	O
Priority	O
Party	O
Call	O


Party	O
calls	O
?	O


Party	O
calls	O
.	O


total	O
phone	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
total	O
phone	O
.	O


I	O
have	O


Great	O
.	O


What	O
should	O
we	O
talk	O
about	O
?	O


Well	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


Tell	O
me	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
seen	O
the	O
news	O
in	O
ages	O
.	O


Really	O
?	O


You	O
did	O
d-	O


In	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
news	O
I	O
mean	O


I	O
know	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE


but	O


yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
let	O
's	O
see	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
?	O
%uh	O


You	O
want	O
me	O
to	O
just	O
give	O
you	O
some	O
headlines	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


Give	O
me	O
some	O
headlines	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
up	O
to	O
?	O


up-	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
just	O
going	O
to	O
say	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
just	O
came	O
out	O
yesterday	O
with	O
%uh	O
his	O
statement	O
concerning	O
affirmative	O
action	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
basically	O
he	O
has	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
not	O
in	O
favor	O
%uh	O
you	O
know	O
of	O
making	O
%um	O
allowances	O
strictly	O
based	O
on	O
race	O


but	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
%uh	O
the	O
analysis	O
in	O
the	O
news	O
shall	O
we	O
say	O
the	O
conservative	O
analysis	O
in	O
the	O
news	O
is	O
that	O
Clinton	O
just	O
came	O
out	O
and	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
believe	O
in	O
quota	O
systems	O
and	O
in	O
reverse	O
discrimination	O
but	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
believe	O
that	O
affirmative	O
action	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
move	O
%uh	O
you	O
know	O
black	O
Americans	B-NORP
forward	O
and	O
to	O
give	O
them	O
the	O
opportunities	O
that	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
denied	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
walking	O
a	O
tight	O
rope	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
saying	O
?	O


Right	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
l-	O


He	O
's	O
trying	O
to	O
please	O
everybody	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
see	O
if	O
we	O
can	O
make	O
everybody	O
happy	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
he	O
's	O


Then	O
he	O
just	O
ends	O
up	O
making	O
nobody	O
happy	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
you	O
're	O
right	O
.	O


Because	O
you	O
know	O
affirmative	O
action	O
is	O
really	O
under	O
attack	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
from	O
many	O
different	O
quarters	O
right	O
now	O
.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
issue	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
race	O


%uh	O
color	O
blind	O


we	O
're	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
race	O
color	O
blind	O


and	O
yet	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
contractors	O
that	O
are	O
bidding	O
you	O
know	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
bid	O
or	O
higher	O
than	O
--	O
the	O
lowest	O
bid	O
are	O
still	O
getting	O
the	O
contracts	O
only	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
of	O
ethnic	O
protected	O
you	O
know	O
black	O
or	O
whatever	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
you	O
know	O


Right	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
so	O
they	O
're	O
taking	O
lawsuits	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
and	O
all	O
of	O
this	O


so	O
it	O
's	O


Wow	O
.	O


Another	O
thing	O
that	O
just	O
came	O
up	O
was	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
said	O
that	O
the	O
redistricting	O
of	O
the	O
congressional	O
districts	O
one	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
in	O
Georgia	B-GPE
violated	O
the	O
Constitution	B-WORK_OF_ART
because	O
it	O
was	O
based	O
primarily	O
on	O
race	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
you	O
know	O
a	O
new	O


What	O
did	O
they	O
do	O
i-	O


They	O
were	O
doing	O
it	O
because	O
like	O
they	O
were	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
less	O
segregated	O
?	O


They	O
were	O
trying	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
district	O
majority	O
black	O
Americans	B-NORP


so	O
therefore	O
they	O
drew	O
it	O
%uh	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
across	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


You	O
see	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
saying	O
?	O


oh	O
right	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


a	O
very	O
narrow	O
district	O


and	O
it	O
created	O
a	O
majority	O
black	O
district	O
which	O
then	O
elected	O
a	O
black	O
representative	O


and	O
then	O
it	O
was	O
challenged	O
because	O
it	O
said	O
well	O
the	O
only	O
reason	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
done	O
this	O
way	O
is	O
just	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
majority	O
black	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
not	O


right	O


you	O
know	O


Hello	O
?	O


I	O
'm	O
here	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


Anyway	O


I	O
'm	O
mulling	O
all	O
this	O
over	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O


So	O
it	O
's	O
interesting	O
because	O
we	O
're	O
doing	O
a	O
pre-departure	O
orientation	O


so	O
we	O
had	O
our	O
hot	O
topics	O
discussion	O
today	O
where	O
we	O
break	O
in	O
small	O
groups	O


and	O
we	O
talked	O
about	O
like	O
political	O
correctness	O
and	O
racial	O
prejudice	O
and	O
sexual	O
harrassment	O
,	O
feminism	O
and	O
just	O
like	O
different	O
topics	O
that	O
they	O
might	O
encounter	O
in	O
America	O
where	O
the	O
people	O
have	O
different	O
attitudes	O
than	O
here	O
in	O
Russia	B-GPE
.	O


So	O
that	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
kind	O
of	O
like	O
that	O


But	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
really	O
up	O
on	O
what	O
the	O
attitude	O
is	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
because	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
there	O
in	O
so	O
long	O
.	O


Well	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
frustration	O
I	O
think	O
over	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
there	O
're	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
evidences	O
that	O
the	O
affirmative	O
action	O
program	O
is	O
in	O
fact	O
discriminating	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
direction	O


and	O
people	O
are	O
saying	O
wait	O
a	O
minute	O
.	O


Why	O
do	O
n't	O
we	O
just	O
try	O
to	O
give	O
everybody	O
an	O
equal	O
shot	O


and	O
if	O
someone	O
feels	O
that	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
discriminated	O
against	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
race	O
go	O
at	O
it	O
from	O
the	O
standpoint	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
remedy	O
it	O
through	O
the	O
courts	O
rather	O
than	O
saying	O
that	O
government	O
has	O
to	O
give	O
X	O
number	O
of	O
contracts	O
to	O
minority	O
no	O
matter	O
what	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


And	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
some	O
people	O
are	O
getting	O
contracts	O
just	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
color	O
of	O
their	O
skin	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
saying	O


it	O
's	O
still	O


When	O
they	O
might	O
not	O
even	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
qualified	O
.	O


either	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
the	O
low	O
bid	O


you	O
know	O
normally	O
on	O
contracts	O
you	O
take	O
the	O
low	O
bid	O
that	O
meets	O
the	O
quality	O
specification	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


but	O
now	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
several	O
cases	O
where	O
clearly	O
you	O
know	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
it	O
because	O
they	O
just	O
were	O
n't	O
the	O
right	O
color	O
skin	O
.	O


So	O
now	O
Right	O
.	O
is	O
that	O
really	O
remedying	O
the	O
situation	O


or	O
is	O
it	O
's	O
creating	O
a	O
lot	O
%uh	O
of	O
%uh	O
resentment	O
?	O


And	O
%uh	O
Right	O
.	O
it	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
too	O
bad	O
.	O


How	O
long	O


God	O
what	O
a	O
mess	O
.	O


oh	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
mess	O
.	O


It	O
really	O
is	O
.	O


how	O
long	O
have	O
you	O
been	O
there	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
?	O


Over	O
here	O
?	O


%um	O
it	O
'll	O
be	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
November	B-DATE
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
really	O
are	O
out	O
of	O
touch	O
are	O
n't	O
you	O
?	O


Well	O
I	O
like	O
to	O
think	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
totally	O
out	O
of	O
touch	O


Well	O
I	O
know	O
what	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
never	O
very	O
in	O
touch	O
even	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
still	O
America	B-GPE


so	O
.	O


oh	O
okay	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
that	O
type	O
.	O


I	O
got	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
always	O
in	O
my	O
own	O
world	O
anyway	O


so	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
know	O
what	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
because	O
having	O
lived	O
over	O
in	O
Korea	B-GPE
for	O
almost	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
%um	O
you	O
know	O
when	O
you	O
come	O
back	O
all	O
of	O
a	O
sudden	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
society	O
has	O
changed	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


New	O
terminology	O
.	O


New	O
buzzwords	O
.	O
And	O
all	O
that	O
stuff	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
when	O
you	O
get	O
to	O
be	O
over	O
forty	O
like	O
me	O
%um	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
miss	O
that	O
stuff	O
just	O
being	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
anyway	O
.	O


It	O
all	O
passes	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
always	O
think	O
when	O
you	O
get	O
older	O
you	O
're	O
more	O
informed	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
college	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
was	O
going	O
on	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
too	O
busy	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
thinking	O
of	O
%uh	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
%uh	O
lingo	O
that	O
the	O
young	O
people	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


Younger	O
people	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
'm	O
more	O
informed	O
now	O
than	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
college	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
sort	O
of	O
out	O
of	O
it	O
in	O
college	O
.	O


But	O
%uh	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
did	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
new	O
job	O
?	O


Well	O
in	O
your	O
email	O
you	O
said	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
start	O
your	O
new	O
job	O
somewhere	O
.	O


You	O
did	O
n't	O
say	O
what	O
your	O
new	O
job	O
was	O
.	O


oh	O
okay	O
.	O


%um	O
I	O
'm	O
resigned	O
here	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
effective	O
August	B-DATE
tenth	I-DATE


and	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
taking	O
the	O
job	O
of	O
the	O
director	O
of	O
%um	O
the	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
program	O
of	O
a	O
private	O
university	O
%uh	O
in	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
a	O
larger	O
university	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
a	O
step	O
up	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
called	O
Mercer	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
.	O


oh	O


well	O
you	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
send	O
us	O
material	O
from	O
there	O


hey	O
.	O


Now	O
we	O
're	O
talking	O
.	O


do	O
--	O
to	O
our	O
advisor	O
.	O
--	O
you	O
send	O
people	O
into	O
E	O
S	O
L	O
programs	O
?	O


Well	O
we	O
get	O
requests	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
many	O
people	O
actually	O
go	O
because	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
them	O
you	O
know	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O


but	O
we	O
get	O
students	O
every	O
year	O
that	O
ask	O
about	O
it	O
that	O
say	O
they	O
have	O
money	O
.	O


Well	O
you	O
can	O
be	O


They	O
usually	O
do	O
n't	O
come	O
though	O
and	O
tell	O
us	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
they	O
go	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
sure	O
that	O
we	O
will	O
send	O
you	O
information	O
because	O
%uh	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
go	O
down	O
there	O


and	O
we	O
're	O
trying	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
program	O


they	O
're	O
adding	O
thousands	O
of	O
dollars	O
of	O
%uh	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
art	O
language	O
%uh	O
lab	O
equipment	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
that	O


and	O
they	O
're	O
restructuring	O
everything	O


so	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
supposed	O
to	O
do	O
next	O
.	O


Do	O
they	O
have	O
any	O
scholarships	O
for	O
foreign	O
students	O
?	O


I	O
've	O
never	O
heard	O
of	O
a	O
scholarship	O
for	O
an	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
program	O
personally	O


but	O
I	O
think	O


We	O
never	O
did	O
either	O


but	O
I	O
keep	O
thinking	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
find	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
days	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
sure	O
that	O
they	O
pro-	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
e-	O


the	O
question	O
of	O
whether	O
they	O
have	O
scholarships	O
for	O
international	O
students	O
%um	O
for	O
the	O
regular	O
program	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
one	O


and	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
think	O
that	O
they	O
do	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
they	O
might	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
yet	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
my	O
particular	O
area	O
of	O
expertise	O
you	O
know	O
i-	O


Right	O
.	O


that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
regular	O
program	O


but	O
still	O
I	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
know	O
so	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
people	O
like	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
were	O
you	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
job	O


or	O
did	O
they	O
just	O
like	O
come	O
to	O
you	O
?	O


Well	O
I	O
was	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
job	O


and	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
looking	O
for	O
about	O
a	O
year	O
and	O
a	O
half	O


%uh	O
.	O


and	O
%uh	O
when	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
NASA	B-ORG
in	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
you	O
know	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
you	O
missed	O


I	O
know	O
the	O
one	O
,	O
the	O
great	O
one	O
that	O
was	O
so	O
much	O
fun	O
.	O


oh	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
blast	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
it	O
was	O
more	O
fun	O
than	O
Miami	B-GPE
I	O
mean	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
was	O
fun	O
though	O
.	O


You	O
would	O
have	O
enjoyed	O
it	O


and	O
as	O
I	O
said	O
to	O
you	O
in	O
the	O
email	O
%uh	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Siberians	B-NORP
and	O
all	O
of	O
these	O
people	O
were	O
just	O
hilarious	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
we	O
had	O
a	O
nice	O
little	O
visit	O
.	O


We	O
really	O
did	O
.	O


%uh	O
it	O
's	O
too	O
bad	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O


oh	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
believe	O
they	O
were	O
calling	O
her	O
Lovie	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
in	O
stitches	O
to	O
hear	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
calling	O
herself	O
Lovie	O
.	O


oh	O
really	O
?	O


You	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
that	O
?	O


Well	O
because	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
say	O
that	O
.	O


Because	O
in	O
Russian	B-NORP
it	O
's	O
just	O
you	O
know	O
Lyubov	B-PERSON


but	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
a	O
Russian	B-NORP
name	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
think	O
of	O
translating	O
it	O
into	O
English	B-LANGUAGE


but	O
the	O
thought	O
of	O
people	O
calling	O
her	O
Lovie	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
is	O
so	O
funny	O
.	O


Well	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
she	O
said	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
any	O


Well	O
then	O
I	O
mean	O
like	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
so	O
her	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
that	O
I	O
just	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
hysterical	O
.	O


Is	O
it	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
have	O
seen	O
them	O
dancing	O
around	O
with	O
the	O
crowd	O
out	O
there	O
when	O
they	O
had	O
this	O
%uh	O
%uh	O
Carribean	B-NORP
band	O
or	O
something	O
%uh	O
running	O
through	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
.	O


It	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
interesting	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


But	O
%um	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
went	O
on	O
a	O
shrimp	O
boat	O
tour	O
also	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
fun	O
.	O


%um	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
got	O
to	O
sort	O
of	O
do	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
weird	O
stuff	O
.	O


%um	O
I	O
interviewed	O
for	O
this	O
job	O
at	O
NASA	B-ORG
.	O


So	O
that	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
how	O
it	O
got	O
to	O
where	O
it	O
was	O
%uh	O
you	O
know	O


that	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
point	O
to	O
reach	O
is	O
do	O
that	O
interview	O


and	O
that	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
interview	O


so	O


Right	O
.	O


yeah	O


%uh	O
I	O
knew	O
they	O
were	O
trying	O
to	O
expand	O
their	O
program	O


and	O
I	O
said	O
well	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
call	O
me	O
because	O
I	O
would	O
be	O
interested	O
in	O
an	O
opportunity	O


and	O
so	O
I	O
've	O
taken	O
it	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


Well	O
that	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
excited	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
g-	O


Well	O
what	O
city	O
were	O
you	O
in	O
?	O


Were	O
you	O
far	O
from	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
?	O


No	O
.	O


Actually	O
%uh	O
Branow	O
is	O
located	O
north	O
of	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
about	B-QUANTITY
fifty	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
north	O
%uh	O
up	O
the	O
freeway	O
which	O
around	O
here	O
is	O
you	O
know	O
not	O
even	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
that	O
far	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


but	O
this	O


And	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
live	O
in	O
Gainesville	B-GPE
which	O
is	O
the	O
city	O
where	O
Branow	O
is	O


I	O
commute	O
about	B-QUANTITY
thirty	I-QUANTITY
three	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
from	O
the	O
southwest	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
forty	B-TIME
five	I-TIME
minute	I-TIME
ride	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
commuting	O


so	O
you	O
'll	O
be	O
closer	O
now	O
.	O
[E_S	O


Well	O
actually	O
I	O
may	O
be	O
two	B-CARDINAL
or	O
three	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
closer	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
commuting	O
down	O
into	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
.	O


see	O
I	O
live	O
north	O
of	O
Atlanta	B-GPE
.	O


yeah	O


so	O
yeah	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
there	O
like	O
five	B-CARDINAL
or	O
six	B-CARDINAL
times	O
Wow	O
.	O
because	O
I	O
drove	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
there	O
wait	O
,	O
yes	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
I	O
think	O
.	O


Well	O
this	O
is	O
our	O
second	B-ORDINAL
time	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
we	O
had	O
been	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
twelve	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE


Kevin	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
went	O
on	O
like	O
a	O
six	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
camping	O
trip	O
you	O
know	O


you	O
know	O
from	O
Idaho	B-GPE
to	O
Washington	B-GPE
we	O
hit	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
national	O
parks	O
and	O
stu-	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O


it	O
's	O
so	O
beautiful	O
%huh	O
.	O


And	O
You	O
know	O
we	O
spent	O
you	O
know	O
couple	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	O
Yellowstone	B-LOC
and	O
then	O
you	O
know	O
a	O
very	O
little	O
time	O
in	O
Grand	B-LOC
Tetons	I-LOC


but	O
we	O
spent	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
national	O
forests	O
right	O
around	O
there	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
were	O
really	O
camping	O
and	O
really	O
serious	O
--	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
like	O
we	O
went	O
into	O
Jackson	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
town	O


and	O
we	O
were	O
like	O
--	O
--	O
%ah	O
let	O
me	O
out	O
of	O
here	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
a	O
traffic	O
jam	O
and	O
all	O
these	O
stores	O


and	O
we	O
sort	O
of	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
was	O
coming	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
like	O
oh	O
my	O
god	O
traffic	O
jams	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
tourist	O
hell	O
is	O
this	O
?	O


Get	O
us	O
out	O
of	O
here	O
.	O


of	O
course	O
then	O
we	O
were	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
let	O
's	O
stay	O
here	O
a	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
now	O
you	O
guys	O
have	O
a	O
five	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	O


and	O


yeah	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
kind	O
of	O
cute	O
.	O


oh	O
look	O


there	O
's	O
the	O
Benneton	B-ORG
outlet	O
.	O


oh	O
you	O
guys	O
have	O
really	O
turned	O
into	O
yuppies	O
,	O
%huh	O
?	O


Scary	O
.	O


What	O
we	O
should	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
house	O
in	O
the	O
suburbs	O
.	O


Well	O
if	O
I	O
'm	O
unemployed	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
a	O
yuppie	O
can	O
I	O
?	O


Do	O
n't	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
professional	O
?	O


%um	O
.	O
yeah	O


I	O
guess	O
.	O


Well	O
Norm	O
and	O
I	O
are	O
worse	O
because	O
we	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
suburbs	O
.	O


%uh	O
so	O
.	O


Well	O
really	O
silly	O


we	O
'll	O
save	O
that	O
for	O
our	O
self	O
respects	O
.	O


So	O
are	O
you	O
coming	O
or	O
not	O
?	O


Are	O
you	O
coming	O
or	O
not	O
?	O


Are	O
you	O
coming	O
or	O
not	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
up	O
to	O
my	O
husband	O
.	O


Hopefully	O
he	O
'll	O
finish	O
soon	O
%uh	O
--	O
--	O
and	O
%um	O


I	O
thought	O
you	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
finished	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
mean	O


yeah	O


he	O
is	O
finished	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
you	O
said	O
he	O
did	O
send	O
it	O
today	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
finished	O
.	O


He	O
just	O
has	O
to	O
defend	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
see	O
what	O
happens	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
talk	O
to	O
him	O
today	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
a	O
job	O


so	O
.	O


If	O
not	O
when	O
are	O
you	O
guys	O
moving	O
?	O


We	O
're	O
not	O
moving	O
for	O
a	O
year	O
.	O


oh	O
okay	O
.	O


Good	O
.	O


We	O
wo	O
n't	O
move	O
till	O
okay	O
.	O
%mm	O
probably	O
June	B-DATE
.	O


okay	O
.	O


Maybe	O
early	B-DATE
June	I-DATE
.	O


Because	O
if	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
come	O
when	O
Norm	O
does	O
his	O
defense	O
uh-huh	O
,	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
which	O
I	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
come	O
for	O
that	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
for	O
other	O
reasons	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
come	O
then	O
then	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
stop	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
.	O


Well	O
I	O
'll	O
probably	O
stop	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
anyhow	O
.	O
Excellent	O
Because	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
%uh	O
in	O
January	B-DATE
with	O
the	O
baby	O
to	O
%uh	O
--	O
--	O
see	O
%uh	O
--	O
--	O
the	O


it	O
'll	O
come	O
out	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
relatives	O
.	O


Show	O
off	O
le	O
bebe	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Show	O
off	O
le	O
bebe	O
.	O


Excellent	O


Do	O
you	O
think	O
ei-	O


I	O
mean	O
eight	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
is	O
not	O
really	O


well	O
it	O
'll	O
be	O
older	O
than	O
eight	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE


it	O
'll	O
be	O
like	O
ten	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
by	O
then	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
too	O
early	O
to	O
travel	O
is	O
it	O
?	O


Nope	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
like	O
much	O
easier	O
to	O
travel	O
if	O
we	O
went	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
ten	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
than	O
--	O
yep	O
,	O
yep	O
,	O
yep	O
.	O
--	O
you	O
know	O
after	O
that	O
.	O


when	O
they	O
're	O
new	O
infants	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
bring	O
along	O
a	O
blanket	O
so	O
you	O
can	O
nurse	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
like	O
you	O
could	O
do	O
anything	O
.	O


You	O
could	O
probably	O
go	O
like	O
do	O
skydiving	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
were	O
nursing	O
the	O
baby	O
while	O
you	O
were	O
skydiving	O
the	O
baby	O
would	O
be	O
like	O
okay	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Alright	O
.	O


As	O
long	O
as	O
we	O
're	O
nursing	O
while	O
we	O
're	O
doing	O
this	O
that	O
's	O
okay	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
thought	O
too	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
that	O
many	O
clothes	O
when	O
they	O
're	O
that	O
young	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
toys	O
.	O


So	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
basically	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
bring	O
anything	O
.	O
%uh	O
but	O
you	O
know	O
your	O
two	B-CARDINAL
boobs	O
.	O


%uh	O
And	O
since	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
really	O
go	O
anywhere	O
without	O
those	O
anyhow	O


They	O
're	O
hard	O
to	O
forget	O


yeah	O
.	O


Hard	O
to	O
leave	O
behind	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
mean	O
you	O
know	O
then	O
we	O
can	O
just	O
use	O
disposables	O
if	O
we	O
're	O
travelling	O
,	O


so	O


oh	O
definitely	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O


we	O
did	O


one	B-CARDINAL
time	O
like	O
we	O
were	O
travelling	O
in	O
the	O
car	O


we	O
were	O
like	O
oh	O
we	O
can	O
just	O
bring	O
a	O
little	O
mini	O
diaper	O
pail	O
and	O
all	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
after	O
one	B-CARDINAL
time	O


I	O
went	O
never	O
again	O
.	O


Disposables	O
for	O
travelling	O
.	O


And	O
%um	O
Absolutely	O
.	O
Every	O
now	O
did	O
you	O
supplement	O
nursing	O
with	O
bottles	O
at	O
all	O
or	O
did	O
n't	O
you	O
?	O


No	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


Somehow	O
like	O
I	O
read	O
too	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
books	O


so	O
I	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
no	O
formula	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
make	O
a	O
difference	O


like	O
I	O
always	O
thought	O
formula	O
smells	O
kind	O
of	O
disgusting	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


Like	O
when	O
they	O
throw	O
up	O
it	O
smells	O
disgusting	O


and	O
when	O
they	O
make	O
their	O
little	O
doo	O
-	O
doo's	O
it	O
smells	O
grosser	O
if	O
they	O
're	O
on	O
formula	O
.	O


now	O
you	O
'll	O
find	O
this	O
hard	O
this	O
believe	O
but	O
if	O
they	O
're	O
totally	O
breast	O
milk	O
for	O
like	O
the	O
first	O
couple	O
months	O
--	O
mhm	O
.	O
their	O
number	O
twos	O
do	O
n't	O
smell	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


oh	O
okay	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
smell	O
like	O
anything	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
it	O
looks	O
like	O
shit	O
but	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
smell	O
like	O
anything	O
.	O


oh	O
okay	O
.	O


And	O
did	O
you	O
pump	O
or	O
not	O
?	O


yeah	O
I	O
pumped	O
.	O


What	O
joy	O
that	O
was	O
.	O


Did	O
you	O
use	O
a	O
manual	O
or	O
%uh	O
did	O
you	O
get	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
little	O
battery	O
ones	O
?	O


Battery	O
operated	O
deal	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
so	O
too	O
.	O


Now	O
like	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O


I	O
can	O
find	O
the	O
exact	O
brand	O
name	O
of	O
it	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
some	O
time	O
.	O


But	O
like	O
it	O
had	O
like	O
this	O
little	O
like	O
nozzle	O
attachment	O
thing	O
on	O
it	O
which	O
was	O
what	O
it	O
said	O
you	O
were	O
supposed	O
to	O
use	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
used	O
it	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
for	O
like	O
three	B-TIME
seconds	I-TIME


I	O
was	O
like	O
--	O
--	O
%ah	O
get	O
this	O
thing	O
off	O
me	O
.	O


That	O
really	O
hurt	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
ever	O
do	O
that	O
again	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
forget	O
what	O
it	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
for	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
for	O
if	O
you	O
had	O
small	O
breasts	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O


oh	O
okay	O
.	O


so	O
like	O
I	O
took	O
that	O
thing	O


and	O
I	O
threw	O
it	O
away	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
like	O
a	O
little	O
part	O
you	O
put	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
a	O
nozzle	O
thing	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
just	O
like	O
an	O
extra	O
attachment	O


and	O
I	O
took	O
that	O


and	O
I	O
--	O
mhm	O
okay	O
.	O
--	O
threw	O
it	O
away	O


okay	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
it	O
was	O
fine	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


So	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


That	O
seemed	O
to	O
work	O
fine	O


ye-	O


You	O
know	O
if	O
you	O
could	O
avoid	O
it	O
you	O
know	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
choice	O
in	O
your	O
life	O
to	O
say	O
well	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
couple	O
months	O
I	O
'll	O
just	O
be	O
home	O


and	O
I	O
'll	O
just	O
get	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
rest	O


and	O
I	O
'll	O
take	O
it	O
easy	O


and	O
if	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
--	O
--	O
sleeping	O
at	O
night	O
I	O
'll	O
just	O
sleep	O
during	O
the	O
day	O
or	O
sleep	O
when	O
the	O
baby	O
sleeps	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Not	O
do	O
this	O
whole	O
pumping	O
thing	O


I	O
mean	O
if	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
all	O
over	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
would	O
do	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O


because	O
I	O
was	O
thinking	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
easier	O
because	O
then	O
other	O
people	O
could	O
feed	O
the	O
baby	O
and	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
so	O
tied	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
out	O
to	O
a	O
movie	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


Mean	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
did	O
you	O


Well	O
we	O
never	O
go	O
out	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
Norm	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
are	O
like	O


I	O
mean	O
.	O


Well	O
believe	O
me	O


when	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
baby	O
you	O
'll	O
want	O
,	O
to	O
put	O
it	O
in	O
someone	O
else	O
's	O
house	O
or	O
someone	O
come	O
watch	O
it	O
in	O
your	O
house	O
and	O
go	O
anywhere	O
else	O
.	O


See	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
was	O
thinking	O
like	O
for	O
my	O
in	O
laws	O
and	O
stuff	O
when	O
we	O
go	O
home	O
for	O
Christmas	B-DATE
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
so	O
nice	O
to	O
just	O
you	O
know	O
leave	O
the	O
baby	O
with	O
them	O


but	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
leave	O
the	O
baby	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
might	O
have	O
to	O
try	O
one	B-CARDINAL
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
before	O
you	O
find	O
one	B-CARDINAL
that	O
works	O


but	O
yeah	O
.	O
once	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
they	O
have	O
like	O
things	O
and	O
like	O
can	O
set	O
the	O
tension	O
or	O
whatever	O


they	O
get	O
suck	O
power	O
.	O


the	O
tension	O


they	O
're	O
like	O
the	O
little	O
knob	O
on	O
your	O
sewing	O
machine	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
set	O
the	O
power	O
level	O
and	O
stuff	O


and	O
it	O
g-	O


Or	O
like	O
extra	O
suck	O
for	O
just	O
starting	O
to	O
suck	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
once	O
you	O
get	O
used	O
it	O
i-	O


you	O
know	O
at	O
first	O
you	O
feel	O
like	O
what	O
am	O
I	O
doing	O
putting	O
this	O
machine	O
on	O
me	O


it	O
's	O
disgusting	O
or	O
obscene	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


But	O
once	O
you	O
get	O
used	O
to	O
it	O
%uh	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
can	O
like	O
read	O
while	O
you	O
're	O
doing	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
like	O
boring	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


And	O
what	O
does	O
it	O
go	O
into	O


like	O
a	O
little	O
plastic	O
bag	O
**thingy**	O
?	O


%uh	O
well	O
the	O
thing	O
I	O
had	O
was	O
--	O
--	O
like	O
you	O
screwed	O
on	O
this	O
whole	O
motor	O
suction	O
part	O
--	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
--	O
on	O
to	O
something	O
that	O
was	O
just	O
like	O
a	O
jar	O
bottom	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
just	O
looked	O
like	O
a	O
screw	O
thing	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
went	O
to	O
this	O
plastic	O
container	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
can	O
reuse	O
the	O
plastic	O
container	O
?	O


And	O
then	O
what	O
I	O
would	O
do	O
is	O
just	O
%uh	O
I	O
would	O
bring	O
little	O
bags	O
like	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
supposed	O
to	O
put	O
formula	O
in	O
with	O
me	O
to	O
work	O
.	O


oh	O
okay	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
I	O
'd	O
pour	O
it	O
from	O
the	O
container	O
into	O
the	O
plastic	O
bag	O
and	O
seal	O
it	O
up	O
and	O
then	O
go	O
you	O
know	O
rinse	O
out	O
the	O
container	O
thing	O
and	O
wash	O
it	O
the	O
next	O
day	O
.	O


And	O
did	O
you	O
throw	O
away	O
the	O
plastic	O
bags	O
when	O
you	O
were	O
done	O
?	O


Well	O
see	O
then	O
the	O
plastic	O
bag	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
go	O
inside	O
a	O
bottle	O
thing	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


so	O
you	O
throw	O
the	O
plastic	O
bag	O
away	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
done	O
.	O


After	O
your	O
baby	O
drinks	O
the	O
milk	O
yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O


okay	O


okay	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
just	O
trying	O
to	O
you	O
know	O


we	O
have	O
a	O
f-	O
%um	O
%uh	O
%uh	O


And	O
that	O
way	O
you	O
can	O
freeze	O
them	O


so	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
'd	O
end	O
up	O


yeah	O
.	O


there	O
was	O
sort	O
of	O
like	O
a	O
go	O
or	O
no	O
go	O
for	O
breast	O
pumping	O


like	O
once	O
you	O
just	O
kind	O
of	O
got	O
everything	O
going	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
it	O
ended	O
up	O
I	O
was	O
pumping	O
too	O
much	O
you	O
know	O


it	O
was	O
like	O
%mm	O
okay	O
.	O
we	O
ended	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
freezer	O
full	O


like	O
we	O
found	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
a	O
freezer	O
full	O
of	O
breast	O
milk	O
.	O


God	O
.	O


oh	O
let	O
's	O
just	O
throw	O
this	O
all	O
away	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
all	O
that	O
hard	O
work	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
was	O
either	O
explode	O
or	O
you	O
know	O
pretty	O
much	O


But	O
I	O
thought	O
like	O
you	O
totally	O
got	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
level	O
so	O
even	O
if	O
you	O
only	O
breast	O
fed	O
you	O
know	O
once	O
a	O
day	O
that	O
that	O
's	O
how	O
much	O
milk	O
you	O
would	O
have	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


All	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
is	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
big	O
bag	O
.	O


okay	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
once	O
I	O
started	O
at	O
work	O
I	O
you	O
know	O


once	O
he	O
was	O
getting	O
bigger	O
or	O
something	O
there	O
was	O


like	O
I	O
was	O
making	O
two	B-CARDINAL
bags	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
if	O
you	O
sat	O
down	O
you	O
either	O
did	O
two	B-CARDINAL
bags	O
or	O
you	O
'd	O
explode	O


that	O
was	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
just	O
could	O
n't	O
quite	O
drink	O
that	O
much	O


so	O


%mm	O
okay	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
was	O
why	O
I	O
was	O
working	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O


the	O
morning	O
's	O
when	O
you	O
do	O
the	O
most	O
.	O


Everybody	O
's	O
different	O


so	O
it	O
probably	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


that	O
's	O
true	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
only	O
have	O
fourteen	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
left	O


so	O
.	O


Wow	O
you	O
're	O
getting	O
there	O
.	O


I	O
know	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


Stopping	O
with	O
the	O
miscarriage	O
anxiety	O
starting	O
with	O
the	O
delivery	O
anxiety	O
.	O


I	O
know	O


oh	O
no	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
the	O
miscarriage	O
anxiety	O
up	O
until	O
the	O


you	O
know	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
all	O
those	O
well	O
wishers	O
you	O
know	O
telling	O
you	O
about	O
all	O
those	O
things	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


ooh	O
everybody	O
wants	O
to	O
start	O
telling	O
you	O
these	O
things	O


like	O
people	O
would	O
like	O
corner	O
me	O
to	O
tell	O
me	O
about	O
their	O
hysterectomies	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
somehow	O
some	O
O	O
B	O
gyn	O
connection	O
that	O
they	O
see	O
you	O
and	O
they	O
think	O
of	O
O	O
B	O
gyn	O
and	O
they	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


oh	O
my	O
god	O
.	O


you	O
know	O


yeah	O


Well	O
I	O
've	O
heard	O
the	O
cord	O
accident	O
stories	O
which	O
had	O
me	O
like	O
totally	O
and	O
completely	O
freaked	O
out	O
.	O


are	O
you	O
still	O
there	O
?	O


yeah	O


I	O
'm	O
still	O
here	O


oh	O


so	O
I	O
talked	O
to	O
my	O
doctor	O
about	O
it	O


and	O
apparently	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
rare	O


so	O
do	O
n't	O
ask	O
me	O
why	O
I	O
've	O
heard	O
so	O
many	O
stories	O
about	O
it	O


but	O


oh	O
yeah	O


and	O
then	O
there	O
was	O
this	O
friend	O
I	O
had	O


she	O
was	O
eight	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
pregnant	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
baby	O
had	O
a	O
cord	O
accident	O


and	O
she	O
died	O
.	O


Like	O
most	O
people	O
they	O
just	O
have	O
babies	O


it	O
all	O
works	O
out	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
know	O


so	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
so	O
freaked	O
out	O
anymore	O
.	O


Good	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
like	O


I	O
was	O
talking	O
to	O
Erica	B-PERSON
on	O
the	O
phone	O


and	O
%uh	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
she	O
told	O
me	O


she	O
's	O
like	O
but	O
d-	O


to	O
say	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
okay	O
she	O
was	O
like	O
saying	O
that	O
well	O
you	O
know	O
but	O
this	O
woman	O
is	O
pregnant	O
again	O
and	O
you	O
know	O
will	O
have	O
her	O
baby	O
again	O
soon	O


so	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
no	O
big	O
deal	O
.	O


No	O


yeah	O
.	O


But	O
having	O
never	O
been	O
pregnant	O
before	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
Erica	B-PERSON
has	O
like	O
no	O
idea	O


this	O
woman	O
must	O
be	O
on	O
just	O
you	O
know	O
absolute	O
.	O
pins	O
and	O
needles	O
.	O


She	O
must	O
be	O
having	O
the	O
most	O
miserable	O
pregnancy	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
world	O
.	O


yeah	O


that	O
's	O
such	O
a	O
public	O
thing	O
.	O


Like	O
everyone	O
knew	O
she	O
was	O
pregnant	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
once	O
you	O
're	O
eight	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
man	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
there	O
was	O
nothing	O
nice	O
about	O
it	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


you	O
know	O
if	O
you	O
've	O
made	O
it	O
through	O
the	B-DATE
eight	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
man	O
,	O
you	O
deserve	O
a	O
baby	O
.	O


I	O
bet	O


I	O
know	O


you	O
know	O
and	O
then	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
work	O
and	O
you	O
know	O


and	O
then	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
pregnancy	O
must	O
be	O
just	O
like	O
fraught	O
with	O
anxiety	O
and	O
especially	O
since	O
it	O
happened	O
at	O
eight	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


yeah	O


and	O
everybody	O
is	O
probably	O
saying	O
now	O
you	O
better	O
really	O
drink	O
milk	O
this	O
time	O
.	O


You	O
better	O
eat	O
your	O
cottage	O
cheese	O
now	O
.	O


I	O
Know	O
.	O


I	O
know	O


I	O
know	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
actually	O
did	O
start	O
drinking	O
more	O
milk	O


and	O
it	O
has	O
helped	O
with	O
all	O
my	O
little	O
aches	O
and	O
pains	O
and	O
stuff	O
.	O


So	O
tell	O
me	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
about	O
the	O
day	O
she	O
was	O
born	O
.	O


When	O
did	O
you	O
first	O
see	O
her	O
?	O


%um	O
what	O
happened	O
is	O
we	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O


she	O
was	O
induced	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
get	O
a	O
phone	O
call	O


and	O
Right	O
finally	O
.	O
%um	O
the	O
birth	O
mom	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
go	O
in	O
%um	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
my	O
thinking	O
that	O
this	O
will	O
be	O
distributed	O
publicly	O
.	O
Right	O
.	O
at	O
%um	O
six	B-TIME
thirty	I-TIME
in	O
the	O
morning	O


but	O
she	O
called	O


and	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
beds	O
.	O


oh	O
no	O
.	O


So	O
she	O
called	O
us	O
and	O
told	O
us	O
that	O
,	O


but	O
then	O
they	O
did	O
get	O
a	O
bed	O


and	O
she	O
went	O
in	O
at	O
eight	B-TIME
.	O
mhm	O
.	O
Or	O
seven	B-TIME
thirty	I-TIME
or	O
,	O


I	O
guess	O
she	O
went	O
in	O
at	O
seven	B-TIME
thirty	I-TIME


and	O
they	O
started	O
her	O
at	O
eight	B-TIME
or	O


so	O
we	O
hopped	O
in	O
the	O
car	O
and	O
drove	O
down	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
mhm	O
.	O
%mm	O
mhm	O
.	O
for	O
the	O
day	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
%um	O
,	O
we	O
hung	O
out	O
all	O
day	O
.	O


%uh	O
we	O
had	O
some	O
difficult	O
times	O
with	O
the	O
lawyer	O
down	O
there	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
show	O
up	O


%mm	O


mhm	O
.	O


and	O
we	O
waited	O
all	O
day	O


and	O
he	O
never	O
bloody	O
showed	O
up	O
.	O


oh	O
no	O
.	O


and	O
also	O
she	O
was	O
expecting	O
him	O
too	O
.	O
mhm	O
.	O
You	O
know	O


and	O
so	O
that	O
was	O
frustrating	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


But	O
anyway	O
we	O
waited	O
all	O
day	O


%um	O
But	O
then	O
five	B-TIME
twenty	I-TIME
five	I-TIME
Mae	B-PERSON
was	O
born	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
birth	O
mother	O
's	O
mother	O
was	O
with	O
her	O
through	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O


and	O
she	O
was	O
fantastic	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
just	O
great	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
so	O
nice	O
to	O
us	O
and	O
so	O
solid	O
there	O
for	O
her	O
daughter	O
and	O
just	O
a	O
wonderful	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
mhm	O
.	O
Woman	O
person	O


and	O
%um	O
She	O
was	O
great	O
.	O


She	O
came	O
out	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
a	O
couple	O
times	O
during	O
the	O
day	O


she	O
came	O
out	O
and	O
gave	O
us	O
little	O
progress	O
reports	O
of	O
how	O
things	O
were	O
going	O


and	O
actually	O
it	O
was	O
very	O
funny	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
because	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
she	O
out	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
here	O
we	O
're	O
out	O
there	O
sort	O
of	O
ringing	O
our	O
hands	O
and	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
sweating	O
it	O
out	O
and	O
wondering	O
how	O
everybody	O
is	O
going	O
and	O
everything	O


and	O
she	O
came	O
out	O


and	O
could	O
I	O
go	O
downstairs	O
because	O
%um	O
,	O
her	O
daughter	O
wanted	O
playing	O
cards	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
guess	O
she	O
was	O
bored	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
passing	O
the	O
time	O


So	O
I	O
went	O
downstairs	O
to	O
get	O
playing	O
cards	O
with	O
her	O


uh-huh	O
.	O
and	O
then	O
later	O
on	O
she	O
came	O
out	O


and	O
she	O
wanted	O
some	O
chewing	O
gum	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
I	O
guess	O
your	O
mouth	O
gets	O
dry	O


and	O
you	O
just	O
want	O
something	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
sure	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
funny	O
these	O
very	O


Reassuring	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
I	O
would	O
think	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


but	O
these	O
very	O
%um	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


you	O
know	O
they	O
're	O
such	O
sort	O
of	O
specific	O
little	O
things	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


but	O
they	O
kind	O
of	O
held	O
her	O
back	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
baby	O
would	O
've	O
been	O
born	O
sooner	O


but	O
the	O
doctor	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
there	O
till	O
around	B-TIME
three	I-TIME
.	O


So	O


so	O
I	O
thought	O
once	O
it	O
was	O
induced	O
there	O
was	O
like	O
no	O
stopping	O
it	O
.	O


No	O
they	O
can	O
hold	O
you	O
back	O
%hm	O
.	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


Once	O
,	O


depends	O
how	O
much	O
stuff	O
they	O
give	O
you	O
.	O


How	O
much	O
stuff	O
they	O
give	O
you	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Stuff	O
.	O


But	O
anyway	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
were	O
holding	O
her	O
back	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
because	O
they	O
wanted	O
the	O
doctor	O
there	O
.	O


mhm	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
doctor	O
showed	O
up	O
around	B-TIME
three	I-TIME


and	O
Mae	B-PERSON
was	O
born	O
at	O
five	B-TIME
twenty	I-TIME
five	I-TIME
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Eight	B-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
eight	I-QUANTITY
ounces	I-QUANTITY
.	I-QUANTITY


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
screaming	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Really	O
screaming	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
a	O
little	O
scared	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
oh	O
my	O
god	O
what	O
have	O
we	O
wrought	O
.	O


You	O
could	O
here	O
her	O
out	O
through	O
the	O
doors	O
of	O
the	O
hall	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
there	O
were	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
babies	O
being	O
born	O
.	O


You	O
did	O
n't	O
hear	O
them	O
all	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
,	O


and	O
%um	O
,	O
what	O
happened	O
h-	O
,	O


I	O
guess	O
%um	O
,	O


that	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


Her	O
mom	O
came	O
running	O
out	O
to	O
tell	O
us	O
the	O
baby	O
was	O
born	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
she	O
said	O
that	O
's	O
her	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
hear	O
her	O


And	O
%um	O
,	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
beautiful	O
birth	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
two	B-CARDINAL
pushes	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
out	O
which	O
is	O
really	O
great	O


so	O
she	O
's	O
very	O
unsquashed	O
and	O
unbattered	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
baby	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
mhm	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Usually	O
they	O
look	O
a	O
bit	O
bashed	O
up	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


A	O
bit	O
worn	O
.	O


But	O
she	O
's	O
got	O
a	O
nice	O
shaped	O
head	O


and	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
look	O
like	O
she	O
was	O
%um	O
,	O


you	O
know	O
she	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
cone	O
head	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


But	O
did	O
you	O
get	O
to	O
see	O
her	O
in	O
a	B-TIME
few	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME


or	O


a-	O


Well	O
what	O
happened	O


no	O


right	O
away	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
very	O
nice	O
%um	O
delivery	O
nurse	O
who	O
we	O
had	O
spoken	O
to	O
earlier	O
in	O
the	O
day	O
named	O
Tina	B-PERSON
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
is	O
they	O
take	O
the	O
baby	O
from	O
the	O
delivery	O
room	O
to	O
the	O
nursery	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Normally	O
they	O
go	O
directly	O


and	O
Tina	B-PERSON
very	O
,	O
very	O
sweetly	O
zipped	O
past	O
the	O
door	O
to	O
the	O
outer	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
nursery	O
where	O
we	O
were	O
waiting	O
mhm	O
.	O
mhm	O
outside	O
mhm	O
.	O
and	O
let	O
us	O
hold	O
her	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
she	O
was	O
just	O
minutes	O
old	O
then	O
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
held	O
her	O
for	O
just	O
a	O
couple	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME


and	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
it	O
was	O
really	O
funny	O
because	O
you	O
could	O
hear	O
her	O
coming	O
up	O
the	O
hall	O
screaming	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
loudly	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


.	O


She	O
handed	O
her	O
to	O
me	O
screaming	O
loudly	O


and	O
I	O
said	O
to	O
Tina	B-PERSON
and	O
also	O
to	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
the	O
birth	O
mother	O
's	O
mother	O
there	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
oh	O
Robert	B-PERSON
has	O
the	O
magic	O
touch	O
.	O


I	O
handed	O
her	O
to	O
Robert	B-PERSON
.	O


Instant	O
silence	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Instant	O
.	O


She	O
just	O
stopped	O
screaming	O
immediately	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
held	O
her	O
for	O
a	O
little	O
while	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
the	O
nurse	O
was	O
afraid	O
to	O
take	O
her	O
back	O
.	O


Said	O
oh	O
she	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
scream	O
again	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
did	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
off	O
they	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
nursery	O


and	O
then	O
you	O
watched	O
through	O
the	O
glass	O


That	O
must	O
have	O
been	O
very	O
reassuring	O
for	O
Robert	B-PERSON
.	O


It	O
was	O
very	O
nice	O
was	O
n't	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
very	O
wonderful	O
for	O
Robert	B-PERSON
and	O
for	O
me	O
too	O
just	O
to	O
see	O
,	O


I	O
knew	O
it	O
would	O
work	O
too	O
.	O


Very	O
nice	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
some	O
,	O


you	O
have	O
a	O
theory	O
.	O


Body	O
warmth	O
or	O
something	O


but	O
anyway	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
partly	O
it	O


but	O
there	O
're	O
certain	O
kind	O
of	O
men	O
who	O
,	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
men	O
who	O
have	O
like	O
these	O
big	O


I	O
have	O
this	O
theory	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
men	O
who	O
are	O
very	O
broad	O
right	O
under	O
the	O
elbow	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
,	O


Wait	O
a	O
minute	O
.	O


Broad	O
under	O
the	O
elbow	O
.	O


You	O
mean	O
in	O
the	O
chest	O
?	O


like	O


No	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
elbow	O
down	O
towards	O
the	O
wrist	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


Who	O
have	O
like	O
these	O
big	O
broad	O
forearms	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
babies	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


You	O
think	O
it	O
gives	O
security	O
.	O


I	O
suppose	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
remember	O
Otto	B-PERSON
who	O
moved	O
my	O
filing	O
cabinet	O
that	O
time	O
in	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE


he	O
's	O
another	O
one	O
?	O
Yes	O
.	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
yeah	O
.	O
He	O
's	O
big	O
.	O
He	O
's	O
sort	O
of	O
solid	O
to	O
me	O
.	O
who	O


He	O
's	O
sort	O
of	O
very	O
solid	O


and	O
they	O
just	O
love	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
Robert	B-PERSON
's	O
not	O
big	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


No	O
,	O


but	O
Robert	B-PERSON
is	O
big	O
below	O
the	O
elbows	O
I	O
'll	O
bet	O
if	O
you	O
check	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
check	O
out	O
below	O
Robert	B-PERSON
's	O
elbows	O


At	O
any	O
rate	O
,	O
%um	O


So	O
that	O
was	O
nice	O


and	O
then	O
we	O
watched	O
through	O
the	O
nursery	O
while	O
they	O
do	O
,	O


if	O
you	O
survive	O
the	O
first	O
four	O
hours	O
of	O
life	O
in	O
the	O
nursery	O
you	O
'll	O
survive	O
anything	O
after	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
most	O
sort	O
of	O
appalling	O
introduction	O
to	O
life	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
scared	O
at	O
that	O
point	O
because	O
we	O
're	O
looking	O
in	O
and	O
there	O
're	O
all	O
these	O
nice	O
sweet	O
little	O
pale	O
babies	O
lying	O
there	O
limp	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
there	O
's	O
Mae	B-PERSON


and	O
she	O
's	O
big	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
rest	O


and	O
she	O
was	O
bright	O
red	O


and	O
she	O
is	O
screaming	O


and	O
she	O
screamed	O


and	O
she	O
screamed	O


and	O
she	O
screamed	O


and	O
all	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
them	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
they	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Um	O
-	O
huh	O


uh-huh	O


they	O
sort	O
of	O
get	O
exhausted	O
after	O
two	B-CARDINAL
screams	O
and	O
collapse	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
was	O
healthy	O
I	O
guess	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
just	O
screamed	O
and	O
screamed	O
and	O
screamed	O
and	O
screamed	O
and	O
screamed	O


and	O
I	O
thought	O
oh	O
my	O
god	O
what	O
have	O
we	O
wrought	O
here	O
.	O


Did	O
they	O
tell	O
you	O
her	O
apgar	O
or	O
whatever	O
they	O
call	O
that	O
?	O


How	O


They	O
did	O
n't	O
tell	O
us	O
anything	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
hospital	O
the	O
individual	O
people	O
we	O
had	O
contact	O
with	O
were	O
decent	O
to	O
us	O
and	O
friendly	O


Were	O
nice	O
.	O


but	O
%um	O
the	O
hospital	O
policy	O
was	O
rather	O
unfriendly	O
to	O
us	O


and	O
they	O
would	O
n't	O
,	O


like	O
we	O
had	O
been	O
told	O
,	O


they	O
have	O
a	O
room	O
called	O
the	O
bonding	O
room	O


yeah	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
the	O
whole	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
room	O
is	O
to	O
let	O
people	O
be	O
in	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
baby	O
,	O
who	O
--	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
--	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
with	O
the	O
baby	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
would	O
n't	O
let	O
us	O
in	O
there	O


so	O
,	O
%mm	O
.	O
it	O
was	O
really	O
quite	O
awful	O
.	O


They	O
would	O
n't	O
let	O
us	O
,	O


they	O
did	O
n't	O
,	O


they	O
gave	O
us	O


but	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
tell	O
us	O
beans	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
they	O
really	O
did	O
n't	O
talk	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
n't	O
offer	O
us	O
that	O
parenting	O
class	O
that	O
they	O
offer	O
to	O
most	O
people	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


We	O
would	O
have	O
had	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
the	O
next	O
day	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
which	O
of	O
course	O
we	O
were	O
n't	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
they	O
really	O
were	O
n't	O
very	O
nice	O


and	O
yeah	O
.	O
I	O
guess	O
they	O
have	O
,	O


their	O
rules	O
are	O
just	O
very	O
rigid	O
.	O


%mm	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
problem	O
is	O
the	O
lawyer	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
have	O
arranged	O
for	O
%um	O
Right	O
.	O
an	O
additional	O
bracelet	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
what	O
happens	O
is	O
they	O
put	O
one	B-CARDINAL
on	O
the	O
wrist	O
of	O
the	O
baby	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
on	O
the	O
ankle	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
on	O
the	O
birth	O
mother	O


and	O
then	O
she	O
has	O
what	O
you	O
call	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
bracelet	O
which	O
she	O
can	O
give	O
to	O
whoever	O
will	O
be	O
her	O
coach	O
through	O
the	O
birth	O
and	O
stuff	O


and	O
of	O
course	O
she	O
had	O
given	O
it	O
to	O
her	O
mother	O
,	O
%hm	O
.	O
mhm	O
.	O
%hm	O
.	O
I	O
see	O
.	O
I	O
see	O
.	O
which	O
makes	O
perfect	O
sense	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
,	O


they	O
could	O
n't	O
get	O
their	O
minds	O
around	O
the	O
notion	O
of	O
a	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
bracelet	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
have	O
let	O
us	O
in	O
there	O
was	O
to	O
take	O
her	O
mothers	O
away	O
,	O
Right	O
.	O
which	O
we	O
would	O
n't	O
ask	O
and	O
which	O
she	O
would	O
n't	O
do	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


And	O
%um	O
the	O
lawyer	O
had	O
told	O
us	O
he	O
had	O
arranged	O
everything	O
ahead	O
of	O
time	O


and	O
there	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
I	O
D	O
there	O
at	O
the	O
hospital	O
for	O
us	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
all	O
set	O


and	O
of	O
course	O
he	O
had	O
n't	O
done	O
anything	O
.	O


I	O
see	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
n't	O
done	O
that	O
,	O
%hm	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
n't	O
done	O
anything	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
been	O
just	O
hopeless	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
think	O
legally	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
hopeless	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
done	O
all	O
the	O
necessary	O
legal	O
things	O


but	O
%um	O
yeah	O
.	O
you	O
know	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
,	O


He	O
's	O
an	O
S	O
O	O
B	O


forgive	O
me	O
tape	O
whoever	O
you	O
are	O


but	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
fucker	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


th-	O


And	O
%um	O
I	O
'm	O
sorry	O


but	O
he	O
was	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
they	O
said	O
published	O
actually	O
.	O


oh	O
well	O
they	O
can	O
edit	O
that	O
word	O
I	O
guess	O


Anyway	O
it	O
's	O
English	B-LANGUAGE


so	O


yeah	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
American	B-NORP
English	B-LANGUAGE
.	O


%um	O


You	O
know	O
he	O
said	O
things	O
to	O
me	O
like	O
well	O
you	O
'll	O
have	O
her	O
for	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
your	O
life	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O
yeah	O
.	O
Do	O
n't	O
worry	O
about	O
it	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
really	O
an	O
arrogant	O
attitude	O
to	O
take	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


Man	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


he	O
was	O
a	O
real	O
arrogant	O
S	O
O	O
B	O
,	O


so	O


How	O
old	O
was	O
he	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


we	O
never	O
met	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
never	O
showed	O
up	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


he	O
ended	O
up	O


in	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
he	O
sent	O
his	O
partner	O
to	O
actually	O
sign	O
the	O
papers	O
who	O
's	O
not	O
even	O
an	O
adoption	O
attorney	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
litigation	O
.	O


Does	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
he	O
's	O
doing	O


but	O
I	O
hope	O
he	O
did	O
what	O
his	O
partner	O
told	O
him	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


%mm	O


mhm	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
at	O
least	O
was	O
a	O
sensitive	O
human	O
being	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
so	O
that	O
was	O
nice	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
some	O
sensitivity	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
cut	O
off	O
soon	O
.	O


oh	O
no	O


And	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
,	O


I	O
hope	O
you	O


Tell	O
me	O
something	O
then	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
shut	O
up	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
tell	O
me	O
something	O
.	O


What	O
?	O


okay	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
worrying	O


I	O
'm	O
feeling	O
like	O
oh	O
my	O
gosh	O
should	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
record	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


oh	O
yes	O
.	O


Well	O
they	O
just	O
beeped	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
might	O
mean	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
hang	O
up	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
a	O
minute	O
.	O


%um	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
I	O
saw	O
four	O
parakeets	O
fly	O
across	O
the	O
street	O
in	O
Barcelona	B-GPE
.	O


oh	O
neat	O
.	O


Is	O
it	O
thirty	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
?	O


It	O
was	O
beautiful	O
.	O


Is	O
it	O


It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
thirty	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
in	O
about	B-TIME
five	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
I	O
think	O
.	O


oh	O
okay	O


because	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
beep	O
coming	O
on	O
my	O
end	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
hear	O
it	O
?	O


No	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


Well	O
ignore	O
it	O


so	O
we	O
'll	O
let	O
them	O
go	O
on	O
.	O


Well	O
anyway	O
.	O


oh	O
so	O
that	O
sounds	O
very	O
nice	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
loose	O
or	O
in	O
a	O


Well	O
they	O
were	O
loose	O


they	O
were	O


I	O
said	O
the	O
Sheila	B-PERSON
I	O
think	O
I	O
hear	O
a	O
parakeet	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


And	O
you	O
could	O
tell	O
he	O
thought	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
nonsense	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
uh-huh	O
crow	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
saw	O
it	O


but	O
the	O
sun	O
was	O
against	O
my	O
eyes	O


oh	O
how	O
neat	O


so	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
tell	O


and	O
then	O
it	O
flew	O


and	O
when	O
it	O
flew	O
three	O
more	O
of	O
them	O
flew	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
tree	O
.	O


oh	O
how	O
neat	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
beautiful	O
.	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
street	O
I	O
walked	O
down	O
in	O
Barcelona	B-GPE
big	O
wide	O


with	O
all	O
the	O
bird	O
sellers	O


Yes	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
closed	O
up	O
that	O
day	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
that	O
what	O
these	O
were	O
is	O
Well	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
wonderful	O
place	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
guess	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
sort	O
of	O
discount	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
in	O
cages	O
but	O
Escapees	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


it	O
's	O
part	O
of	O


it	O
was	O
beautiful	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
was	O
just	O
so	O
beautiful	O
with	O
all	O
these	O
amazing	O
yeah	O
.	O
birds	O
and	O
colors	O
.	O


And	O
also	O
in	O
parts	O
of	O
Spain	B-GPE
,	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
they	O
have	O
this	O
in	O
parts	O
of	O
France	B-GPE
,	O


but	O
Probably	O
not	O


I	O
saw	O
parts	O
of	O
Spain	B-GPE
where	O
they	O
had	O
birds	O
on	O
the	O
shutters	O
and	O
they	O
put	O
them	O
out	O
during	O
the	O
day	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
very	O
popular	O
in	O
Spain	B-GPE


but	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
so	O
popular	O
here	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
nice	O
thing	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


%um	O
I	O
've	O
seen	O
very	O
little	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


y-	O


I	O
had	O
friends	O
in	O
Madrid	B-GPE
whose	O
father	O
bred	O
birds	O
actually	O
.	O


oh	O
really	O
?	O


In	O
their	O
apartment	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
quite	O
a	O
big	O
hobby	O
.	O


Parakeets	O
or	O
?	O


No	O
little	O
tiny	O
birds	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
they	O
were	O
.	O


Little	O


Finches	O
maybe	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Song	O
birds	O
of	O
some	O
kind	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


oh	O
neat	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
was	O
good	O
at	O
breeding	O
them	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


so	O


oh	O
well	O
that	O
's	O
good	O


So	O


but	O
when	O
you	O
went	O
up	O
to	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
,	O
all	O
was	O
well	O
?	O


Or	O
was	O
that	O
another	O
adventure	O
?	O


up	O
to	O
Connecticut	B-GPE
?	O


Did	O
I	O
go	O
to	O


Then	O
you	O
had	O
to	O
go	O
up	O
and	O
get	O
Jack	B-PERSON
and	O
everything	O
after	O


oh	O
yeah	O


it	O
's	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
still	O


but	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


%um	O
yeah	O


we	O
got	O
up	O
.	O


We	O
got	O
Jack	B-PERSON
.	O


We	O
went	O
to	O
our	O
lawyer	O
who	O
's	O
been	O
mhm	O
.	O
Absolutely	O
fantastic	O
start	O
to	O
finish	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
she	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O
mhm	O
.	O


%um	O
and	O
then	O
came	O
home	O


and	O
yeah	O
then	O
Robert	B-PERSON
's	O
mom	O
crashed	O
the	O
car	O
.	O


oh	O
I	O
see	O


it	O
was	O
after	O
that	O
that	O
she	O
did	O
that	O
.	O


So	O
yeah	O


actually	O
we	O
had	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
at	O
like	O
eight	O
o'clock	O
the	O
next	O
morning	O
because	O
Martha	B-PERSON
was	O
leaving	O
by	O
nine	B-TIME
.	O


So	O
mom	O
and	O
dad	O
were	O
down	O
there	O
for	O
how	O
long	O
?	O


They	O
came	O
Saturday	B-DATE
and	O
stayed	O
Saturday	B-DATE
night	O
and	O
Sunday	B-DATE
and	O
left	O
Monday	B-DATE


uh-huh	O
.	O


This	O
past	O
Monday	B-DATE
like	O


pretty	O
good	O


yeah	O
.	O


pretty	O
good	O


how	O
about	O
you	O
?	O


Busy	O
,	O
busy	O
,	O
busy	O


yeah	O
,	O


sch-	O


I	O
took	O
%um	O
some	O
summer	O
courses	O
.	O


I	O
started	O
in	O
May	B-DATE
.	O


I	O
took	O
an	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
Lit	O
for	O
five	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE


and	O
then	O
I	O
took	O
%um	O
Psych	O
and	O
Soc	O
which	O
I	O
'm	O
finishing	O
up	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
wait	O
.	O


Is	O
it	O
Psych	O
like	O


Psychology	O
,	O
Introduction	O
&to	O
Psychology	O


Introduction	O


yeah	O
I	O
've	O
taken	O
that	O
.	O


and	O
Sociology	O
is	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
work	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


what	O
kind	O
of	O
Sociology	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
general	O
Sociology	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


%um	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
write	O
up	O
journal	O
write	O
-	O
ups	O


and	O
stuff	O
like	O
grab	O
articles	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
paper	O
--	O
--	O
about	O
specific	O
topics	O


and	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
write	O
a	O
paper	O
and	O
hand	O
it	O
in	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
next	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


mhm	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
%uh	O
digging	O
information	O
that	O
has	O
to	O
go	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
a	O
work	O
to	O
it	O
whereas	O
Psych	O
I	O
just	O
have	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
chapters	O
and	O
take	O
my	O
tests	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
've	O
gotten	O
A's	O
on	O
all	O
my	O
tests	O
.	O


Good	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
I	O
've	O
gotten	O
A's	O
for	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
know	O


I	O
hate	O
research	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
hard	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
very	O
hard	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
you	O
have	O
t-	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
takes	O
so	O
much	O
time	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
%um	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
working	O
up	O
until	O
like	O
last	O
week	O
.	O


I	O
hurt	O
my	O
back	O
picking	O
up	O
Shanley	B-PERSON
.	O


So	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
've	O
worked	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


oh	O
you	O
're	O
kidding	O
.	O


So	O
%um	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
back	O
Monday	B-DATE
though	O
,	O
thank	O
goodness	O
.	O


Because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
sick	O


Do	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
any	O
physical	O
therapy	O
or	O
anything	O
like	O
that	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
'm	O
doing	O
that	O
now	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
went	O
last	O
week	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
see	O
the	O
doctor	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
hopefully	O
I	O
'll	O
get	O
a	O
note	O
saying	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
because	O
I	O
've	O
no	O
time	O
to	O
use	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
for	O
sick	O
time	O
and	O
stuff	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


because	O
you	O
took	O
time	O
when	O
you	O
had	O
your	O
surgery	O
on	O
your	O
knee	O
too	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


mhm	O
.	O


Exactly	O
.	O


I	O
used	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
it	O
up	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
none	O
left	O
whatsoever	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
to	O
use	O
up	O
my	O
last	O
two	B-CARDINAL
vacation	O
days	O
because	O
they	O
make	O
you	O
do	O
that	O
now	O
for	O
some	O
reason	O
--	O
--	O
which	O
is	O
fairly	O
new	O
which	O
really	O
is	O
n't	O
fair	O


but	O


What	O
do	O
you	O
mean	O


because	O
you	O
were	O
out	O
sick	O
or	O


Well	O
,	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
out	O
all	O
week	O


and	O
I	O
said	O
do	O
I	O
have	O
any	O
sick	O
time	O


she	O
said	O
I	O
had	O
seven	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME


and	O
I	O
said	O
well	O
just	O
give	O
me	O
the	B-TIME
seven	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
sick	O
and	O
that	B-TIME
eight	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
holiday	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
have	O
eight	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
worth	O
of	O
pay	O


that	O
's	O
it	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
do	O
n't	O
use	O
my	O
vacation	O
time	O
.	O


She	O
told	O
me	O
she	O
had	O
to	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
like	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
left	O
.	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
Like	O
sixteen	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
which	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
cover	O
me	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
a	O
couple	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
August	I-DATE
so	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
like	O
go	O
without	O
a	O
check	O


yeah	O
.	O


but	O
they	O
told	O
me	O
they	O
had	O
to	O
pay	O
me	O
that	B-TIME
sixteen	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
vacation	O
time	O
--	O
%huh	O
--	O
which	O
is	O
mandatory	O
which	O
I	O
think	O
stinks	O
.	O
yeah	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
,	O


%hm	O
.	O


but	O
I	O
just	O
ca	O
n't	O
wait	O
to	O
get	O
back	O
to	O
work	O


and	O


Back	O
to	O
normal	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
like	O
taking	O
courses	O


and	O
I	O
really	O
like	O
it	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
taking	O
summer	O
courses	O
not	O
like	O
two	B-CARDINAL
at	O
a	O
time	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
so	O
crammed	O
in	O
mhm	O
.	O
for	O
five	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


yeah	O


and	O
we	O
do	O
like	O
two	B-CARDINAL
chapters	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
study	O
for	O
tomorrow	O


and	O
I	O
only	O
read	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thoroughly	O


and	O
the	O
other	O
one	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
read	O
and	O
learn	O


so	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
library	O
and	O
basically	O
box	O
myself	O
in	O
like	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
little	O
cubicles	O
and	O
just	O
read	O
it	O
and	O
learn	O
it	O
that	O
way	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Because	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
really	O
concentrate	O
unless	O
I	O
'm	O
totally	O
away	O
from	O
things	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Like	O
I	O
'm	O
home	O
and	O
the	O
T	O
V	O
is	O
on	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
room	O
I	O
can	O
hear	O
it	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


I	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
totally	O
isolated	O
and	O
block	O
everything	O
out	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
I	O
can	O
study	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
even	O
study	O
if	O
I	O
'm	O
with	O
Patrick	B-PERSON
because	O
I	O
'll	O
sit	O
I	O
'll	O
read	O
stuff	O


yeah	O
.	O


like	O
I	O
can	O
read	O
a	O
book	O


but	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
like	O
study	O
because	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
block	O
everything	O
out	O


yeah	O
.	O


so	O


So	O
you	O
guys	O
are	O
still	O
seeing	O
each	O
other	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
weird	O
because	O
%um	O
couple	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
after	O
I	O
wrote	O
you	O
**Mal**	O
was	O
really	O
bummed	O
out	O
.	O


yeah	O


And	O
we	O
talked	O
and	O
stuff	O


and	O
%um	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
told	O
I	O
miss	O
him	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
crying	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
crying	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Because	O
I	O
said	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
miss	O
me	O
?	O


He	O
said	O
well	O
I	O
miss	O
you	O
already	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
why	O
we	O
doing	O
this	O
then	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
figured	O
we	O
'd	O
%um	O
--	O
--	O
take	O
more	O
time	O
give	O
him	O
some	O
more	O
time	O
and	O
like	O
evaluate	O
in	O
like	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
like	O
in	O
October	B-DATE
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
seeing	O
each	O
other	O
up	O
until	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
still	O
have	O
been	O
seeing	O
each	O
other	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
go	O
to	O
family	O
things	O
of	O
his	O
mhm	O
.	O
which	O
is	O
kind	O
of	O
weird	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O


I	O
wrote	O
him	O
a	O
letter	O
over	O
this	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	O
told	O
him	O
--	O
--	O
how	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
enough	O
you	O
know	O


I	O
said	O
you	O
knew	O
this	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
at	O
some	O
point	O


you	O
have	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
decision	O


either	O
you	O
want	O
us	O
to	O
be	O
together	O


or	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


you	O
know	O
my	O
feelings	O


and	O
--	O
--	O
that	O
's	O
just	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
this	O
is	O
n't	O
like	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
new	O
relationship	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
known	O
each	O
other	O
for	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE


and	O
we	O
've	O
gone	O
through	O
the	O
good	O
,	O
bad	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ugly	O


yeah	O
.	O


and	O
we	O
were	O
still	O
here	O
because	O
we	O
love	O
each	O
other	O


so	O
that	O
should	O
mean	O
something	O


or	O
that	O
should	O
show	O
you	O
--	O
--	O
you	O
know	O


that	O
should	O
be	O
significant	O
somehow	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O


but	O
%um	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
some	O
stuff	O
on	O
Friday	B-DATE


and	O
then	O
we	O
're	O
spending	O
the	O
day	O
together	O
Sunday	B-DATE
.	O


Is	O
he	O
working	O
now	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
he	O
got	O
laid	O
off	O
.	O


Did	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
h-	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
if	O
he	O
got	O
laid	O
off	O
and	O
was	O
laid	O
off	O
when	O
grandma	O
died	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
was	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
was	O


but	O
%um	O
h-	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
he	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
.	O


Was	O
he	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
to	O


He	O
had	O
gotten	O
some	O
money	O
for	O
school	O


yeah	O
.	O


so	O
he	O
took	O
%um	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
Comp	O
which	O
he	O
got	O
an	O
A	O
minus	O
in	O
I	O
believe	O
because	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
really	O
good	O
writer	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
he	O
really	O
writes	O
from	O
his	O
soul	O


%um	O
and	O
he	O
's	O
taking	O
of	O
all	O
things	O
Anatomy	O
and	O
Physiology	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
toughest	O
thing	O
he	O
could	O
take	O


yeah	O
I	O
know	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
ever	O
want	O
to	O
take	O
that	O
and	O
he	O
's	O
having	O
a	O
hard	O
time	O
with	O
it	O


but	O
he	O
's	O
busting	O
his	O
butt	O


I	O
mean	O
he	O
's	O
done	O
some	O
work	O
and	O
has	O
gotten	O
some	O
really	O
good	O
grades	O
and	O
some	O
just	O
mediocre	O
grades	O


so	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
prove	O
to	O
himself	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
do	O
it	O


so	O
he	O
took	O
the	O
hardest	O
thing	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
take	O
forever	O
.	O


Next	O
time	O
he	O
'll	O
just	O
be	O
doing	O
the	O
A	O
and	O
P	O
of	O
the	O
%um	O
alcohol	O
abusive	O
person	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
he	O
told	O
me	O
today	O
he	O
just	O
got	O
his	O
test	O
back	O


he	O
thought	O
he	O
did	O
really	O
well	O


but	O
he	O
got	O
a	O
sixty	O
eight	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
so	O
ticked	O
because	O
he	O
made	O
some	O
careless	O
errors	O


he	O
--	O
skipped	O
one	B-CARDINAL
question	O
and	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
next	O


but	O
when	O
he	O
wrote	O
%um	O
the	O
letters	O
in	O
,	O
he	O
put	O
it	O
on	O
that	O
particular	O
one	O


and	O
then	O
when	O
he	O
answered	O
the	O
other	O
questions	O
the	O
other	O
three	B-CARDINAL
were	O
just	O
off	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
n't	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
spot	O
.	O


oh	O


mhm	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
last	O
four	B-CARDINAL
which	O
were	O
right	O
which	O
he	O
would	O
have	O
had	O
credit	O
for	O
were	O
wrong	O
because	O
he	O
put	O
them	O
on	O
the	O
wrong	O
space	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


and	O
he	O
was	O
really	O
ticked	O
off	O
at	O
himself	O
.	O


is	O
that	O
passing	O
?	O


yeah	O
sixty	B-CARDINAL
eight	I-CARDINAL
is	O
passing	O


I	O
mean	O
a	O
D	O
is	O
passing	O
.	O


yeah	O


well	O
see	O
there	O
's	O
different	O
scales	O
that	O
people	O
have	O
mhm	O
.	O
for	O
grades	O


yeah	O


and	O
sometimes	O
%uh	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
a	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
remember	O
how	O
it	O
goes	O


but	O


It	O
's	O
passing	O


but	O
for	O
some	O
particular	O
programs	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
have	O
at	O
least	O
a	O
C	O
or	O
better	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
was	O
lucky	O
I	O
got	O
a	O
B	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
Lit	O


but	O
that	O
was	O
like	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
I	O
wrote	O
a	O
paper	O
in	O
like	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Was	O
that	O
an	O
interesting	O
class	O
?	O


I	O
liked	O
it	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
like	O
the	O
poetry	O
.	O
mhm	O
.	O
and	O
having	O
to	O
analyze	O
poetry	O


but	O
I	O
liked	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
Literature	O


I	O
liked	O
analyzing	O
the	O
stories	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
enjoyed	O
that	O
part	O


and	O
that	O
part	O
once	O
I	O
got	O
the	O
hang	O
of	O
it	O
was	O
okay	O


yeah	O
.	O


and	O
my	O
first	B-ORDINAL
paper	O
I	O
got	O
a	O
C	O
on	O


and	O
I	O
'd	O
knew	O
the	O
story	O
really	O
well	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
intelligently	O
written	O


but	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
like	O
dig	O
into	O
it	O


mhm	O


and	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
paper	O
I	O
got	O
a	O
B	O
minus	O


and	O
I	O
never	O
really	O
liked	O
the	O
author	O
of	O
that	O
story	O
either	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
really	O
understand	O
the	O
story	O
so	O
well	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Called	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Misfit	I-WORK_OF_ART


I	O
did	O
n't	O
like	O
the	O
author	O
Flanner	B-PERSON
O	I-PERSON
'Connery	I-PERSON
.	O


oh	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
heard	O
of	O
him	O
--	O


--	O
but	O
I	O
've	O
never	O
read	O
anything	O


%um	O
and	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
one	O
we	O
did	O
is	O
Hamlet	B-WORK_OF_ART
which	O
I	O
loved	O
.	O


I	O
love	O
Shakespeare	B-PERSON
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
write	O
a	O
paper	O
on	O
Hamlet	B-WORK_OF_ART


Shakespeare	B-PERSON
's	O
hard	O
to	O
understand	O
I	O
think	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
keep	O
going	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
footnotes	O
and	O
like	O
learning	O
what	O
the	O
words	O
mean	O
and	O
stuff	O


mhm	O
.	O


but	O
we	O
also	O
watched	O
the	O
film	O


I	O
got	O
the	O
movie	O
with	O
Mel	B-PERSON
Gibson	I-PERSON


and	O
oh	O
I	O
watched	O
that	O


yeah	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
really	O
enjoy	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O


mhm	O


so	O
I	O
wrote	O
a	O
good	O
paper	O


I	O
made	O
up	O
my	O
little	O
poem	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
got	O
a	O
B	O
plus	O
because	O
I	O
added	O
more	O
to	O
it	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


it	O
was	O
really	O
well	O
-	O
done	O


I	O
really	O


and	O
that	O
was	O
the	O
easiest	O
paper	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
write	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
because	O
I	O
had	O
done	O
two	B-CARDINAL
before	O
that	O
or	O
if	O
I	O
just	O
really	O
enjoyed	O
the	O
material	O
I	O
was	O
working	O
with	O


yeah	O
,	O


that	O
helps	O
.	O


but	O
I	O
got	O
a	O
really	O
good	O
grade	O
on	O
that	O


and	O
I	O
got	O
a	O
B	O
on	O
the	O
course	O


but	O


I	O
worked	O
really	O
hard	O
for	O
it	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
easy	O
.	O
yeah	O
.	O
You	O
know	O


and	O
then	O
for	O
Psych	O
and	O
Soc	O
I	O
got	O
three	O
A's	O
on	O
my	O
test	O
for	O
Psychology	O


I	O
'm	O
taking	O
one	O
next	O
tomorrow	O
and	O
then	O
one	O
on	O
%um	O
next	O
Wednesday	B-DATE


that	O
'll	O
be	O
my	O
final	O
grade	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
for	O
my	O
midterm	O
on	O
Sociology	O
I	O
got	O
an	O
A	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


and	O
then	O
%um	O
I	O
'll	O
take	O
my	O
other	O
final	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE


so	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O


Sociology	O
's	O
been	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
work	O
.	O


You	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
anymore	O
classes	O
after	O
this	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
take	O
%um	O
Introduction	O
to	O
Art	O
or	O
History	O
mhm	O
.	O
or	O
take	O
a	O
philosophy	O
and	O
maybe	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
know	O
if	O
I	O
even	O
want	O
to	O
tackle	O
a	O
Spanish	B-LANGUAGE
yet	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
language	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
know	O
if	O
I	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
now	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
it	O


do	O
you	O
guys	O
have	O
tele	O
courses	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
those	O
are	O
?	O


What	O
are	O
they	O
?	O


Tele	O
courses	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
you	O
get	O
a	O
video	O


mhm	O
.	O


and	O
you	O
just	O
you	O
know	O
watch	O
the	O
video	O
at	O
home	O


mhm	O
.	O


and	O
you	O
do	O
the	O
reading	O
and	O
the	O
work	O
and	O
stuff	O
at	O
home	O


and	O
then	O
you	O
go	O
in	O
however	O
so	O
often	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
schedule	O
set	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
school	O
and	O
take	O
your	O
test	O
.	O


oh	O
really	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
in	O
a	O
testing	O
center	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
try	O
that	O
since	O
I	O
took	O
you	O
know	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
French	B-LANGUAGE
in	O
High	O
School	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
maybe	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
too	O
hard	O
--	O
%huh	O
.	O
--	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
that	O
way	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
try	O
and	O
take	O
it	O
.	O


that	O
would	O
be	O
interesting	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


because	O
we	O
did	O
a	O
%um	O
--	O
we	O
'll	O
see	O
.	O
--	O
study	O
evaluation	O
on	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
to	O
write	O
down	O
on	O
Psychology	O


and	O
it	O
turned	O
out	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
a	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
call	O
it	O
?	O
something	O
observer	O
.	O
reflective	O
observer	O
when	O
I	O
study	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
do	O
things	O
kind	O
of	O
like	O
sit	O
back	O
and	O
watch	O
the	O
stuff	O


and	O
yeah	O
.	O
I	O
could	O
be	O
very	O
quiet	O
in	O
the	O
class	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
participate	O
a	O
lot	O
in	O
the	O
class	O
.	O


when	O
I	O
pay	O
attention	O
I	O
'm	O
always	O
there	O


mhm	O
.	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
say	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
stuff	O


yeah	O
.	O


Not	O
in	O
the	O
Psychology	O
class	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
feel	O
comfortable	O
with	O
it	O
like	O
with	O
the	O
people	O
that	O
are	O
in	O
there	O


yeah	O


so	O
I	O
listen	O


so	O
I	O
know	O
everything	O


I	O
comprehend	O
everything	O


I	O
know	O
it	O


but	O


Is	O
there	O
younger	O
students	O
in	O


or	O
just	O
are	O
they	O
mostly	O
adults	O


or	O
?	O


%um	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
mix	O
.	O


There	O
some	O
like	O
nineteen	B-CARDINAL
twenty	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE


yeah	O
.	O


and	O
there	O
's	O
some	O
married	O
women	O
in	O
there	O


an	O
older	O
woman	O
mhm	O
.	O
and	O
then	O
younger	O
kids	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
couple	O
black	O
people	O
in	O
there	O


yeah	O
,	O
that	O
sounds	O
about	O
You	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
good	O
mix	O
like	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
here	O


yeah	O


but	O
it	O
seems	O
like	O
this	O
kid	O
who	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
saying	O


oh	O
I	O
hope	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
being	O
prejudice	O


but	O
he	O
's	O
black	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
like	O
always	O
questioning	O
the	O
teachers	O
and	O
stuff	O


and	O
he	O
thinks	O
like	O
well	O
if	O
you	O
were	O
told	O
that	O
you	O
were	O
brought	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
house	O
you	O
do	O
what	O
he	O
says	O
you	O
know	O


that	O
's	O
okay	O
to	O
learn	O
that	O
and	O
stuff	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
okay	O
to	O
do	O
to	O
your	O
kid	O


and	O
she	O
's	O
trying	O
to	O
teach	O
him	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
okay	O
to	O
do	O
that	O


mhm	O


that	O
's	O
not	O
how	O
you	O
build	O
someone	O
self	O
-	O
respect	O
and	O
to	O
do	O
things	O
like	O
that	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
a	O
couple	O
people	O
like	O
to	O
argue	O
with	O
her	O


and	O
like	O
they	O
think	O
teachers	O
are	O
really	O
ignorant	O
and	O
stupid	O
you	O
know	O


well	O
she	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
teacher	O


she	O
must	O
have	O
done	O
something	O
.	O


but	O
yeah	O
.	O


%um	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
good	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
interesting	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
a	O
hypnotist	O
come	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
day	O


but	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
just	O
because	O
I	O
was	O
skeptical	O
of	O
it	O
and	O
not	O
really	O
%um	O
enthusiastic	O
about	O
it	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
feel	O
comfortable	O


like	O
I	O
was	O
more	O
interested	O
in	O
watching	O
people	O
around	O
me	O
mhm	O
.	O
like	O
see	O
if	O
they	O
really	O
kind	O
of	O
like	O
really	O
got	O
into	O
it	O


and	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
I	O
would	O
ever	O
do	O
it	O


I	O
'd	O
be	O
real	O
curious	O
to	O
see	O
whether	O
I	O
could	O
be	O
hypnotized	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
I	O
'd	O
--	O
oh	O
I	O
would	O
too	O
--	O
be	O
afraid	O
or	O


%um	O
,	O
no	O
,	O


I	O
talked	O
to	O
**Dougo**	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
how	O
's	O
he	O
doing	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
guess	O
.	O


well	O
the	O
thing	O
is	O
,	O
**Dougo	O
's**	O
kind	O
of	O
annoying	O
me	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
.	O


oh	O
why	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL


%uh	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
,	O


well	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
sort	O
of	O
knew	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
him	O
to	O
be	O
here	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


But	O
still	O
he	O
oh	O
I	O
want	O
some	O
place	O
to	O
bring	O
people	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
how	O
long	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
here	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
really	O
%uh	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
appropriate	O
or	O
so	O
forth	O
.	O


Like	O
you	O
're	O
on	O
vacation	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
point	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
sort	O
of	O


I	O
'm	O
just	O


that	O
kind	O
of	O
annoys	O
me	O


it	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
a	O


Well	O
you	O
know	O
why	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
bring	O
people	O
there	O
right	O
?	O


What	O
's	O
that	O
?	O


You	O
know	O
why	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
bring	O
people	O
there	O
right	O
?	O


Why	O
?	O


Well	O
you	O
know	O
.	O
His	O
boyfriends	O
and	O
stuff	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
did-	O
,	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
,	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
another	B-PERSON
Lee	I-PERSON
Worthy	I-PERSON
,	O
okay	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


well	O


And	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
,	O


I	O
'm	O
,	O


put	O
it	O
this	O
way	O
,	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
beyond	O
that	O
,	O
okay	O
?	O


%huh	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
be-	O
,	O


well	O
I	O
think	O
Lee	B-PERSON
is	O
actually	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
cleaner	O
than	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
sort	O
of	O
kind	O
of	O
figuring	O
out	O
now	O
after	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


uh-uh	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
it	O
,	O


you	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O
?	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
motel	O
,	O
okay	O
?	O


oh	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
.	O


okay	O
?	O


And	O
it	O
just	O
kind	O
of	O
annoys	O
me	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
showing	O
up	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
show	O
up	O
whenever	O
I	O
please	O
.	O


So	O
.	O


Anyway	O
,	O


and	O
then	O
.	O


Anyway	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
supposed	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
with	O
Er-	O
,	O


I	O
mentioned	O
,	O
well	O
then	O
why	O
do	O
n't	O
we	O
get	O
together	O
with	O
Eric	B-PERSON
or	O
something	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
go	O
out	O
to	O
a	O
movie	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
see	O
this	O
Species	O
movie	O
which	O
was	O
pretty	O
good	O
.	O


last	O
night	O
,	O
yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


but	O
the	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
he	O
never	O
calls	O
,	O
never	O
does	O
anything	O
.	O
okay	O
?	O


And	O
so	O
all	O
I	O
get	O
now	O
is	O
I	O
get	O
some	O
message	O
,	O


well	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
hold	O
of	O
a	O
key	O
,	O


when	O
can	O
I	O
get	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
wants	O
me	O
to	O
straighten	O
up	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
straighten	O
up	O
so	O
this	O
can	O
be	O
like	O
your	O
little	O
nest	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
just	O
sort	O
of	O
annoys	O
me	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
any	O
of	O
that	O
other	O
stuff	O
,	O
just	O
go	O
somewhere	O
else	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
sweetie	O
,	O


I	O
just	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
just	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
bullshit	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
b-	O


its	O


I	O
know	O
,	O


I	O
just	O
think	O
you	O
're	O
getting	O
a	O
little	O
worked	O
up	O
about	O
th-	O


No	O
!	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
,	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
got	O
time	O
for	O
this	O
crap	O
,	O
okay	O
?	O


That	O
's	O
about	O
it	O
,	O
okay	O
?	O


y-	O


I	O
have	O
to	O
feed	O
some	O
animals	O
now	O
,	O
and	O
worry	O
about	O
that	O
now	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
this	O
other	O
--	O
oh	O
are	O
you	O
staying	O
over	O
there	O
?	O
--	O
rubbish	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
that	O
?	O


Are	O
you	O
staying	O
over	O
there	O
?	O


%uh	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
thinking	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


well	O
then	O
why	O
not	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
<E_S	O
?	O


I	O
just	O
wish	O
you	O
would	O
mention	O
to	O
me	O
before	O
you	O
offer	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
saying	O
,	O


I	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
hesitant	O
.	O


yeah	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
you	O
asked	O
me	O
.	O


You	O
mentioned	O
it	O
,	O


and	O
then	O
it	O
came	O
up	O
to	O
discussion	O
after	O
you	O
'd	O
mentioned	O
it	O
to	O
**dougo**	O
.	O


But	O
beforehand	O
,	O
I	O
'd	O
kind	O
of	O
been	O
kind	O
of	O
like	O
negative	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
,	O


I	O
guess	O
I	O
never	O
really	O
thought	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
that	O
big	O
a	O
deal	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


Well	O


I	O
mean	O
%um	O
,	O
I	O
just	O
think	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
largely	O
because	O
you	O
're	O
in	O
a	O
really	O
high	O
stress	O
situation	O
now	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
in	O
a	O
situation	O
where	O
I	O
need	O
full	O
control	O
of	O
my	O
environment	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


so	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
just	O


And	O
so	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
you	O
're	O


And	O
then	O


no	O


but	O
anyway	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
call	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
just	O


all	O
he	O
d-	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
Friday	B-DATE
,	O


and	O
all	O
he	O
did	O
was	O
give	O
this	O
message	O
today	O
,	O
I	O
want	O
a	O
key	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
talk	O
about	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
rude	O
,	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
.	O


Well	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
really	O
rude	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
ask	O
me	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
like	O
,	O
I	O
just	O
want	O
to	O
use	O
you	O
for	O
something	O
here	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
just	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
that	O
sweetie	O


I	O
think	O
you	O
're	O
overreacting	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
behavior	O
indicates	O
that	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
.	O


at	O
least	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
Mister	O
very	O
sensitive	O
and	O
aware	O
of	O
other	O
people	O
's	O
behavior	O
is	O
obviously	O
not	O
super	O
aware	O
of	O
his	O
own	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
.	O


So	O
.	O


183.89_184.98_A:	O
No	O


you	O
know	O
that	O


Well	O
,	O
no	O
,	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
he	O
acts	O
abrupt	O
like	O
that	O
anyway	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


Well	O
I	O
'll	O
just	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O


I	O
'll	O
act	O
abrupt	O
then	O
also	O
,	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
sort	O
of	O
funny	O
.	O


Well	O


But	O
anyway	O
.	O
The	O
movie	O
was	O
good	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
though	O
.	O


I	O
might	O
call	O
him	O
back	O
Monday	B-DATE
.	O


Well	O
sweetie	O
,	O
what	O
am	O
I	O
supposed	O
to	O
do	O
?	O


You	O
know	O
.	O


oh	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
supposed	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
,	O


I	O
'll	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


%ah	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
to	O
mention	O
to	O
him	O
that	O
I	O
did	O
think	O
it	O
was	O
sort	O
of	O
rude	O
that	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
do	O
that	O


and	O
all	O
I	O
get	O
is	O
this	O
message	O
blah	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
you	O
could	O
,	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
valid	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
yell	O
at	O
him	O
for	O
standing	O
you	O
guys	O
up	O
and	O
stuff	O
.	O


And	O


Well	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
official	O
plan	O
,	O


but	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
as	O
if	O
he	O
gave	O
me	O
a	O
number	O
to	O
contact	O
him	O
at	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


so	O
I	O
was	O
%um	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
put	O
off	O
by	O
it	O
.	O
yeah	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
saying	O


Well	O
he	O
could	O
probably	O
say	O
that	O
he	O
felt	O
put	O
off	O
by	O
you	O
too	O
.	O


So	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
so	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
suggested	O
going	O
out	O
and	O
doing	O
something	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
thing	O
he	O
can	O
be	O
say	O
put	O
off	O
by	O
me	O
is	O
that	O
my	O
life	O
hangs	O
in	O
the	O
balance	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
be	O
left	O
alone	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
that	O
's	O
unreasonable	O
.	O
yeah	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
,	O


you	O
know	O
,	O
it	O
's	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
,	O


I	O
agree	O
,	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
also	O
,	O
if	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
During	O
this	O
week	O
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
,	O
or	O
whatever	O


The	O
way	O
I	O
kind	O
of	O
see	O
it	O
is	O
like	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
a	O
a	O
soft	O
place	O
to	O
lie	O
your	O
head	O
down	O
and	O
fall	O
asleep	O
,	O
and	O
wake	O
up	O
,	O
cook	O
food	O
or	O
whatever	O
and	O
,	O
putz	O
around	O
once	O
in	O
a	O
while	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
fine	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
time	O
for	O
a	O
Saturday	B-DATE
Night	O
Fever	O
party	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
,	O


that	O
's	O


oh	O
,	O
come	O
on	O
.	O


he	O
's	O
not	O
quite	O
like	O
that	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
good	O
grief	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O


but	O
still	O
,	O


that	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
my	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


no	O


he	O
's	O
got	O
people	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
n't	O
seen	O
for	O
quite	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
they	O
live	O
somewhere	O


Well	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
saying	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
not	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


%eh	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
I	O
get	O
the	O
impression	O
not	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
can	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
that	O
place	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
have	O
you	O
ever	O
actually	O
talked	O
to	O
him	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


No	O
,	O


but	O
anyway	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
because	O
,	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
it	O
's	O


oh	O
,	O
I	O
understand	O
,	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
understand	O
what	O
you	O
were	O
saying	O
now	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
figured	O
it	O
out	O
that	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
%eh	O
they	O
can	O
come	O
and	O
visit	O
him	O
.	O


yeah	O


and	O
so	O
It	O
's	O
fine	O
with	O
me	O


Never	O
mind	O
,	O


I	O
thought	O
about	O
a	O
hilarious	O
word	O
play	O
.	O


But	O
anyway	O
,	O


never	O
mind	O
.	O


What	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
say	O
.	O


But	O
%uh	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
word	O
play	O
on	O
what	O
you	O
just	O
said	O
,	O


it	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
a	O
**switcheroony**	O
,	O


it	O
's	O
,	O


but	O
it	O
comes	O
i-	O


there	O
's	O
some	O
truth	O
to	O
it	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


what	O
is	O
it	O
?	O


Well	O
they	O
can	O
visit	O
him	O
and	O
come	O
on	O
him	O
.	O


%ah	O
,	O
%ha	O
,	O
%ha	O
.	O


%uh	O
,	O
%uh	O
.	O


Instead	O
of	O
coming	O
and	O
visiting	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


well	O
,	O
okay	O
.	O


I	O
just	O


But	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
anyway	O
.	O


Anyway	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
my	O
thought	O
on	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
visited	O
him	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
spent	O
panting	O
and	O
spending	O
every	O
second	O
of	O
the	O
day	O
,	O
with	O
him	O
only	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
saying	O
and	O
that	O
probably	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
reason	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
nice	O
to	O
actually	O
stay	O
with	O
him	O
is	O
that	O
you	O
could	O
also	O
go	O
and	O
visit	O
the	O
sights	O
or	O
whatever	O
and	O


Where	O
?	O


What	O
are	O
you	O
talking	O
about	O
?	O


In	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


No	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
mean	O


I	O
'm	O
trying	O
to	O


maybe	O
in	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
,	O
no	O
time	O
soon	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
no	O
,	O


but	O
,	O
no	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
saying	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
are	O
visiting	O
a	O
town	O
and	O
you	O
stay	O
at	O
someone	O
's	O
house	O
and	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
ever	O
do	O
anything	O
on	O
your	O
own	O
and	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


So	O


oh	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
mind	O


he	O
does	O
stuff	O
on	O
his	O
own	O
.	O


%uh	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
difference	O
between	O
guests	O


and	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
difference	O
between	O
ownership	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


but	O


There	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O


if	O
I	O
live	O
somewhere	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
rearrange	O
the	O
furniture	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
I	O
'm	O
staying	O
somewhere	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
mean	O
I	O
'm	O
in	O
jail	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
just	O
because	O
I	O
'm	O
in	O
a	O
motel	O
,	O
does	O
n't	O
mean	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
repaint	O
the	O
walls	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
mean	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
obligated	O
to	O
stay	O
there	O
either	O
.	O


oh	O
well	O
I	O
know	O


but	O
e-	O


I	O
'm	O
just	O
saying	O
there	O
are	O
different	O
degrees	O
of	O
,	O
you	O
know	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
obligated	O
to	O
sit	O
there	O
and	O
hob	O
nob	O
around	O
with	O
me	O
the	O
entire	O
time	O
either	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
n't	O
want	O
him	O
to	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
told	O
him	O
,	O


I	O
said	O
I	O
have	O
no	O
time	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
said	O
I	O


Well	O
maybe	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
he	O
was	O
trying	O


And	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
I	O
move	O
back	O
here	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
out	O
.	O


I	O
totally	O
insist	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
if	O
he	O
never	O
talks	O
to	O
me	O
again	O
.	O


Because	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
way	O
I	O
can	O
study	O
with	O
worrying	O
about	O
keeping	O
somebody	O
awake	O
,	O
or	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
worry	O
how	O
I	O
'm	O
dressed	O
,	O
if	O
I	O
'm	O
clean	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
.	O
Whatever	O
.	O


yeah	O


well	O
,	O
I	O
agree	O
with	O
that	O
sweetie	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
case	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
while	O


I	O
mean	O
he	O
can	O
stay	O
while	O
I	O
'm	O
at	O
Erzhebat	O
's	O
,	O


that	O
's	O
fine	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
just	O


Ex-	O
,	O


that	O
was	O
my	O
point	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
my	O
whole	O
point	O
.	O


That	O


yeah	O


okay	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
the	O
big	O
deal	O
with	O
just	O
giving	O
him	O
a	O
key	O
and	O
telling	O
him	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
he	O
wants	O
.	O


And	O


Well	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
make	O
a	O
copy	O
too	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
want	O
me	O
to	O
,	O
well	O
.	O
Give	O
him	O
the	O
keys	O
and	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
saying	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
kind	O
of	O
thinking	O
about	O
saying	O
,	O
here	O
give	O
me	O
a	B-MONEY
couple	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
bucks	I-MONEY
,	O


I	O
'll	O
make	O
a	O
copy	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


or	O
just	O
give	O
him	O
your	O
set	O
of	O
keys	O
one	O
day	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
studying	O


and	O
say	O
here	O
,	O


and	O
bring	O
it	O
back	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
go	O
make	O
a	O
copy	O


and	O
then	O
bring	O
it	O
back	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
that	O
unreasonable	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
ask	O
for	O
a	O
key	O
when	O


you	O
know	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
I	O
anyway	O
,	O
yeah	O
.	O
yeah	O
.	O
okay	O
maybe	O
not	O
you	O
,	O
have	O
offered	O
long	O
time	O
ago	O
that	O
oh	O
,	O
yes	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
stay	O
here	O
and	O
**bladyblah**	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
knows	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
unreasonable	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


okay	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
think	O
he	O
needs	O
to	O
know	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
limits	O
.	O
Or	O
whatever	O
.	O
That	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
it	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
come	O
here	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
day	O
,	O
anytime	O
.	O
And	O
not	O
feel	O
like	O
if	O
I	O
need	O
a	O
book	O
or	O
something	O


yeah	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
feel	O
restrained	O
because	O
it	O
'll	O
frustrate	O
me	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
and	O
I	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
concentrate	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
reasonable	O
.	O


Just	O
make	O
an	O
agreement	O
with	O
him	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
after	O
what	O
time	O
of	O
day	O
will	O
you	O
call	O
before	O
you	O
come	O
over	O
.	O
yeah	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
?	O


Or	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
so	O
like	O
,	O
between	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
eight	O
P	O
M	O
and	O
you	O
know	O
ten	B-TIME
A	O
M	O
if	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
come	O
over	O
then	O
I	O
'll	O
call	O
first	O
.	O


Like	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
unreasonable	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


Or	O
something	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Because	O
then	O
he	O
can	O
feel	O
comfortable	O
and	O
you	O
can	O
feel	O
comfortable	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
.	O
yeah	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


and	O
plus	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
at	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
Suzanne	B-PERSON
's	O
for	O
what	O
,	O
till	O
the	O
eleventh	B-DATE
or	O
something	O
?	O


No	O
till	O


Well	O
that	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


yeah	O


when	O
you	O
come	O
back	O
I	O
guess	O
%uh	O
I	O
'll	O
still	O
be	O
there	O
.	O


Still	O
be	O
there	O
right	O
.	O


So	O


because	O
you	O
'll	O
be	O
around	O


Right	O


so	O
just	O


But	O
you	O
'll	O
be	O
over	O
here	O
packing	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
partially	O
.	O


yeah	O
partially	O


sure	O
of	O
course	O
.	O


I	O
deposited	O
your	O
other	O
rent	O
loan	O
check	O
that	O
came	O
in	O
.	O


oh	O
good	O
.	O


How	O
much	O
was	O
it	O
?	O


And	O
I	O


it	O
was	O
nineteen	B-CARDINAL
something	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


the	O
thing	O
is	O
I	O
took	O
out	O
two	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
fifty	I-CARDINAL
out	O
of	O
the	O
account	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
pay	O
the	O
electric	O
bill	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
pay	O
M	O
B	O
N	O
A	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
pay	O
%uh	O
some	O
other	O
people	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


That	O
sounds	O
good	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
have	O
you	O
been	O
up	O
to	O
?	O


%ah	O
nothing	O
really	O
.	O


%uh	O
yeah	O
We	O
've	O
had	O
a	O
big	O
change	O
of	O
%uh	O
leadership	O
over	O
here	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


the	O
base	O
C	O
O	O
changed	O
.	O


The	O
clinic	O
O	O
I	O
C	O
changed	O
.	O


The	O
clinic	O
C	O
U	O
nurse	O
changed	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
just	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
%uh	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
the	O
feel	O
for	O
how	O
everybody	O
else	O
is	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
going	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
how	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
everybody	O
else	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
trying	O
,	O
to	O
say	O
the	O
least	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
past	O
oh	O
,	O
probably	O
,	O
month	O
or	O
so	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
that	O
's	O
still	O
a	O
possibility	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
just	O
did	O
n't	O
--	O
yeah	O
.	O
--	O
feel	O
like	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
home	O
last	O
.	O


So	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
,	O


I	O
saw	O
Sayonara	O
again	O
.	O


I	O
still	O
see	O
you	O
with	O
some	O
little	O
gal	O
flying	O
around	O
going	O
kari	O
san	O
,	O
kari	O
san	O
.	O


The	O
supper	O
is	O
ready	O
.	O


Get	O
thy	O
ass	O
on	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


Nothing	O
like	O
that	O
going	O
on	O
over	O
here	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
'll	O
tell	O
you	O
another	O
a-	O
,	O
y-	O
.	O


Did	O
you	O
hear	O
about	O
Martha	B-PERSON
getting	O
married	O
?	O


No	O
!	O


Well	O
this	O
supposedly	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
.	O


Now	O
it	O
has	O
n't	O
actually	O
happened	O
yet	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
may	O
be	O
at	O
ground	O
zero	O
.	O


I	O
called	O
her	O
to	O
chat	O
I	O
guess	O
about	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


%um	O
.	O
And	O
she	O
'd	O
said	O
,	O
oh	O
,	O
hey	O
Bill	O
.	O
By	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
getting	O
married	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
typical	O
Martha	B-PERSON
pronouncement	O
.	O


Ye-	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
,	O
oh	O
,	O
okay	O
.	O


%uh	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
tell	O
me	O
about	O
this	O
guy	O
.	O


How	O
long	O
have	O
you	O
known	O
him	O
and	O
all	O
that	O
.	O


oh	O
well	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
dating	O
him	O
since	B-DATE
April	I-DATE


but	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
really	O
told	O
anybody	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
thought	O
well	O
this	O
is	O
true	O
,	O
cause	O
Martha	B-PERSON
you	O
and	O
I	O
have	O
been	O
in	O
pretty	O
good	O
touch	O
since	B-DATE
April	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
you	O
never	O
mentioned	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
guy	O
supposedly	O
is	O
a	O
retired	O
Marine	O
pilot	O
.	O


%um	O
.	O


He	O
just	O
retired	O
out	O
,	O


so	O
he	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
thinking	O
what	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
do	O
now	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
for	O
some	O
reason	O
the	O
guy	O
was	O
an	O
A	O
six	B-CARDINAL
driver	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
like	O
they	O
just	O
really	O
hit	O
it	O
off	O
and	O
clicked	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
has	O
one	O
child	O
but	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
custody	O
.	O


%um	O
.	O
So	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
whole	O
lot	O
of	O
scoop	O
on	O
this	O
guy	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
have	O
n't	O
set	O
a	O
date	O
or	O
anything	O
.	O


They	O
just	O
decided	O
they	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
married	O
,	O
and	O
do	O
it	O
real	O
informal	O
and	O
all	O
this	O


and	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


So	O
.	O
I	O
asked	O
if	O
he	O
was	O
drinking	O
buddies	O
with	O
Luke	B-PERSON


and	O
that	O
did	O
n't	O
go	O
over	O
real	O
good	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
a	O
whole	O
lot	O
of	O
the	O
scoop	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
she	O
's	O
still	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Diego	I-GPE
and	O
seems	O
to	O
have	O
settled	O
pretty	O
much	O
there	O
.	O


%uh	O
.	O
In	O
mine	O
%uh	O
,	O
I	O
've	O
changed	O
qui-	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
trying	O
to	O
remember	O
.	O


Last	O
time	O
I	O
probably	O
talked	O
to	O
you	O
was	O
what	O
,	O
last	O
spring	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
,	O


we	O
're	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
best	O
at	O
keeping	O
in	O
touch	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
'm	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
now	O
moving	O
from	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
.	O


I	O
'm	O
finally	O
left	O
The	O
Big	O
Easy	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
up	O
to	O
Vermont	B-GPE
,	O
believe	O
it	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
for	O
graduate	O
school	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
finally	O
decided	O
to	O
go	O
ahead	O
and	O
get	O
on	O
the	O
ball	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
I	O
knew	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
teach	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
as	O
a	O
second	O
language	O
as	O
a	O
career	O


but	O
I	O
'd	O
never	O
really	O
done	O
anything	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
started	O
doing	O
it	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Orleans	I-GPE
as	O
a	O
private	O
tutor	O
and	O
then	O
got	O
picked	O
up	O
by	O
a	O
little	O
private	O
school	O
down	O
there	O
to	O
teach	O
for	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
months	O
And	O
knew	O
this	O
was	O
what	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O


so	O
I	O
got	O
it	O


%uh	O
I	O
applied	O
and	O
got	O
accepted	O
into	O
graduate	O
school	O
up	O
in	O
Vermont	B-GPE
,	O


specializes	O
in	O
kicking	O
you	O
out	O
into	O
a	O
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
Master	O
's	O
program	O
.	O


do	O
that	O
.	O


So	O
this	O
starts	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
August	I-DATE


and	O
I	O
'm	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
up	O
there	O
kind	O
of	O
meandering	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
states	O
and	O
seeing	O
anybody	O
and	O
everybody	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
your	O
dead	O
old	O
behind	O
was	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
I	O
could	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
make	O
a	O
point	O
to	O
go	O
by	O
and	O
find	O
you	O


but	O
since	O
you	O
're	O
still	O
in	O
--	O
yeah	O
.	O
the	O
land	O
of	O
large	O
explosions	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
your	O
tour	O
is	O
what	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Ker	O
,	O


or	O
did	O
you	O
get	O


No	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
only	O
two	B-CARDINAL
.	O


I	O
've	O
only	O
got	O
about	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
left	O
over	O
here	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
say	O
I	O
thought	O
you	O
were	O
winding	O
up	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
know	O
where	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
yet	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


Twenty	B-CARDINAL
Nine	I-CARDINAL
Stumps	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
kidding	O
me	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


aw	O
,	O
good	O
deal	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
know	O
some	O
folks	O
out	O
there	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


well	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O
I	O
called	O
the	O
detailer	O
,	O


and	O
,	O
I	O
had	O
originally	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
applied	O
for	O
a	O
fellowship	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
Joint	O
Commission	O
&on	O
Accreditation	O
&of	O
Hospitals	O
.	O
mhm	O
Which	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
year	O
long	O
out	O
service	O
fellowship	O
up	O
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
which	O


the	O
town	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
this	O
fellowship	O
in	O
was	O
--	O
like	O
five	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
from	O
where	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
college	O
and	O
--	O
Right	O
.	O
--	O
ten	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
from	O
where	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
high	O
school	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
thought	O
yeah	O
it	O
'd	O
be	O
great	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
they	O
picked	O
some	O
physician	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
only	O
other	O
choice	O
they	O
gave	O
me	O
was	O
either	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
Great	O
Mistakes	O
mhm	O
or	O
Twenty	B-CARDINAL
Nine	I-CARDINAL
Palms	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
the	O
detailer	O
,	O
%uh	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
let	O
me	O
think	O
about	O
it	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


and	O
,	O
probably	O
forty	B-TIME
five	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
after	O
I	O
hung	O
up	O
with	O
her	O
,	O
she	O
called	O
me	O
back	O
,	O
and	O
said	O
that	O
she	O
had	O
spoken	O
to	O
the	O
director	O
of	O
nursing	O
out	O
at	O
Twenty	B-CARDINAL
Nine	I-CARDINAL
Palms	O
mhm	O
.	O
and	O
the	O
director	O
of	O
nursing	O
out	O
there	O
wanted	O
me	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
department	O
head	O
for	O
emergency	O
nursing	O
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
this	O
lady	O
,	O


but	O
,	O
%um	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
my	O
sub	O
specialty	O
in	O
that	O


and	O
--	O
Sure	O
.	O
with	O
the	O
experience	O
that	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
,	O


so	O
You	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
eventually	O
got	O
back	O
to	O
her	O
and	O
said	O
yeah	O
I	O
'll	O
go	O
ahead	O
and	O
go	O
out	O
there	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
say	O
.	O


Because	O
I	O
know	O
you	O
're	O
still	O
the	O
lieutenant	O
commander	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O
are	O
you	O
looking	O
towards	O


how	O
soon	O
would	O
commander	O
be	O
coming	O
around	O
the	O
pike	O
for	O
you	O
Kerry	B-PERSON
?	O


%ah	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
be	O
in	O
zone	O
next	O
year	O
.	O


okay	O
,	O


so	O
that	O
would	O
n't	O
blow	O
the	O
department	O
head	O
thing	O
if	O
you	O
pick	O
up	O
commander	O
would	O
it	O
?	O


But	O


No	O
,	O
no	O
,	O
%uh	O
%uh	O
.	O


But	O
guess	O
who	O
got	O
deep	O
selected	O
.	O


For	O
commander	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


Let	O
me	O
think	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
got	O
to	O
be	O
Barney	B-PERSON
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
now	O
,	O
I	O
also	O
heard	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
think	O
I	O
heard	O
this	O
from	O
Martha	B-PERSON
.	O


I	O
heard	O
Barney	O
had	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
terminal	O
disease	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
Barney	B-PERSON
has	O
cancer	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


%uh	O
he	O
had	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
%uh	O
,	O
--	O
--	O
%uh	O
,	O
--	O
--	O
mouth	O
and	O
throat	O
cancer	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
golfer	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


And	O
after	O
they	O
tee	O
off	O
they	O
stick	O
their	O
golf	O
tee	O
in	O
their	O
mouth	O
?	O


oh	O
no	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


well	O
they	O
think	O
that	O
this	O
cancer	O
developed	O
from	O
the	O
bug	O
spray	O
and	O
the	O
weed	O
killer	O
that	O
they	O
put	O
on	O
the	O
grass	O
.	O


oh	O
man	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


so	O
I	O
saw	O
Barn-	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
back	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
States	I-GPE
in	O
March	B-DATE
.	O


And	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
I	O
saw	O
Barney	B-PERSON
at	O
this	O
convention	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
at	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
as	O
skinny	O
as	O
you	O
are	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
kidding	O
me	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


Good	O
god	O
.	O


Cause	O
he	O
was	O
always	O
built	O
like	O
a	O
seal	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
huge	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
%uh	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
he	O
had	O
gone	O
through	O
chemo	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
getting	O
radiation	O


so	O
he	O
like	O
had	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
one	O
hair	O
per	O
square	O
inch	O
on	O
his	O
head	O
.	O
yeah	O
.	O
And	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
could	O
barely	O
talk	O
because	O
that	O
's	O
where	O
they	O
were	O
focusing	O
the	O
radiation	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


%uh	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
looked	O
like	O
death	O
warmed	O
over	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
he	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
see	O
the	O
Auschwitz	B-FAC
pictures	O
,	O


and	O
that	O
was	O
Barney	B-PERSON
.	O


Barney	B-PERSON
&von	I-PERSON
Lipstien	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O


yeah	O


he	O
worked	O
for	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
General	O
%uh	O
--	O
--	O
Krulac	B-PERSON
.	O


okay	O
.	O
okay	O
.	O


You	O
just	O
said	O
the	O
magic	O
words	O
.	O


So	O
mhm	O
.	O


I	O
got	O
you	O
.	O


yeah	O


I	O
've	O
got	O
another	O
buddy	O
who	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
marine	O
pilot	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
trying	O
to	O
think	O
if	O
you	O
had	O
ever	O
met	O
this	O
guy	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
so	O
.	O


He	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
worked	O
for	O
him	O
as	O
an	O
aide	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
he	O
was	O
chuckling	O
the	O
other	O
day	O
,	O
well	O
probably	O
the	O
other	O
day	O
the	O
other	O
year	O
when	O
he	O
heard	O
Krulac	B-PERSON
had	O
been	O
selected	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
next	O
big	O
boy	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
thought	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
Bill	B-PERSON
whatever	O
happens	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
good	O
to	O
go	O
now	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
golden	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


it	O
was	O
a	O
real	O
surprise	O
to	O
hear	O
,	O


and	O
when	O
I	O
talked	O
to	O
Barney	B-PERSON
--	O
Wow	O
.	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
really	O
spend	O
a	O
whole	O
lot	O
of	O
time	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
asked	O
him	O
point	O
blank	O
,	O


I	O
said	O
what	O
was	O
what	O
the	O
prognosis	O
was	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
said	O
poor	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
say	O
terminal	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


%um	O


okay	O
I	O
think	O
I	O
had	O
kind	O
of	O
assumed	O
that	O
I	O
guess	O
from	O
talking	O
to	O
Martha	B-PERSON
because	O
she	O
may	O
have	O
over	O
glorified	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
and	O
Barney	B-PERSON
's	O
wife	O
Barb	B-PERSON
is	O
down	O
in	O
Sansabel	B-GPE


mhm	O


And	O
I	O
talk	O
to	O
her	O
fairly	O
frequently	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
said	O
that	O
%um	O
,	O
mhm	O
she	O
just	O
saw	O
him	O
a	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
mhm	O
.	O
And	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
starting	O
to	O
gain	O
weight	O
back	O
again	O
.	O


So	O
Super	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
whether	O
they	O
managed	O
to	O
get	O
all	O
the	O
cancer	O
with	O
the	O
chemo	O
and	O
the	O
radiation	O
or	O
what	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


But	O
%uh	O
You	O
know	O
I	O
knew	O
when	O
the	O
list	O
came	O
out	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
even	O
have	O
to	O
look	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
knew	O
that	O
both	O
Barney	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
were	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
eligible	O
.	O
mhm	O
Not	O
in	O
zone	O
but	O
eligible	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
knew	O
of	O
anybody	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
deep	O
selected	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
being	O
%uh	O
buds	O
with	O
old	O
Chuck	B-PERSON
Krulac	I-PERSON
did	O
n't	O
hurt	O
things	O
a	O
whole	O
lot	O
either	O
.	O


oh	O
no	O
.	O


Not	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
when	O
I	O
ran	O
into	O
him	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
in	O
March	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
was	O
at	O
some	O
symposium	O
in	O
San	B-GPE
Diego	I-GPE
,	O
a	O
Nurse	B-ORG
Corps	I-ORG
thing	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
Admiral	O
Engel	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Nurse	B-ORG
Corps	I-ORG
admiral	O
was	O
there	O
.	O


And	O
You	O
know	O
,	O
Barney	B-PERSON
knows	O
her	O
like	O
they	O
're	O
best	O
buds	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O


No	O
more	O
new	O
pictures	O
with	O
vice	O
president	O
sons	O
on	O
stretchers	O
.	O


%uh	O
,	O
no	O
,	O
not	O
yet	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
expecting	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
taping	O
up	O
Socks	O
or	O
Chelsea	B-PERSON
any	O
day	O
now	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
n't	O
surprise	O
me	O
either	O
.	O


Emergency	O
surgeon	O
Barney	B-PERSON
Berens	I-PERSON
flown	O
into	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
today	O
.	O


he	O
's	O
talking	O
about	O
going	O
to	O
D	O
C	O
next	O
.	O


But	O
mhm	O
I	O
guess	O
you	O
got	O
to	O
spend	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
in	O
San	B-GPE
Diego	I-GPE
for	O
follow	O
up	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
,	O
%uh	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
whole	O
episode	O
called	O
her	O
back	O
later	O
,	O


did	O
n't	O
remember	O
it	O
ever	O
happened	O
,	O
and	O
said	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
we	O
got	O
to	O
get	O
together	O
sometime	O
.	O


oh	O
jeez	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
think	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
preempted	O
Martha	B-PERSON
to	O
,	O
%uh	O
.	O


All	O
her	O
old	O
beaus	O
are	O
definitely	O
losing	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
prompted	O
her	O
to	O
get	O
married	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
trying	O
to	O
think	O
if	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
any	O
other	O
news	O


I	O
had	O
n't	O
been	O
as	O
much	O
in	O
touch	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
folks	O
tha-	O
know	O
Martha	B-PERSON
.	O


I	O
usually	O
am	O
at	O
least	O
keeping	O
abreast	O
of	O
things	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
Pete	B-PERSON
and	O
Jennifer	B-PERSON
still	O
there	O


you	O
know	O
she	O
picked	O
up	O
lieutenant	O
commander	O


yeah	O


I	O
saw	O
Jennifer	B-PERSON
at	O
the	O
same	O
conference	O
.	O


oh	O
okay	O
.	O


yeah	O


Does	O
she	O
still	O
look	O
like	O
a	O
Teutonic	B-NORP
%uh	O
pin	O
-	O
up	O
?	O


mhm	O


oh	O
man	O
.	O


Although	O
her	O
%uh	O
hair	O
color	O
is	O
getting	O
a	O
little	O
darker	O
.	O


oh	O
really	O
?	O


yeah	O


%uh	O
she	O
's	O
not	O
bleaching	O
it	O
out	O
quite	O
as	O
much	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
she	O
was	O
a	O
bleached	O
blond	O


Are	O
you	O
kidding	O
me	O


oh	O
yeah	O


%um	O
I	O
took	O
them	O
to	O
%uh	O
Jill	O
's	O


and	O
they	O
spent	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
there	O


and	O
I	O
guess	O
she	O
could	O
n't	O
take	O
them	O


and	O
their	O
mom	O
and	O
dad	O
came	O
.	O


You	O
mean	O
in	O
Texas	B-GPE
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
their	O
mom	O
and	O
dad	O
drove	O
down	O
there	O
and	O
got	O
them	O
.	O


mhm	O


Got	O
them	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
are	O
they	O
getting	O
back	O
?	O


Driving	O
them	O


driving	O
them	O
back	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


Darn	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
I	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
see	O
everybody	O
.	O


Well	O
They	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
%um	O
come	O
back	O
like	O
a	O
while	O
ago	O


but	O
Jill	B-PERSON
like	O
she	O
keeps	O
farting	O
around	O
and	O
wo	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
get	O
them	O


and	O


%mm	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
said	O


and	O
then	O
she	O
j-	O


Did	O
she	O
have	O
her	O
baby	O
yet	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


She	O
had	O
a	O
girl	O
.	O


%mm	O
.	O


Six	B-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
or	O
something	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


hey	O
ai	O
n't	O
my	O
concern	O
.	O


Good	O
.	O


Good	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
've	O
been	O
leading	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
Reilly	B-PERSON
%huh	O
?	O


No	O
.	O


Not	O
really	O
.	O


Just	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
home	O
much	O
this	O
summer	O


and	O
w-	O


And	O
busier	O
than	O
hell	O
%huh	O
?	O


%hm	O
?	O


Then	O
good	O
then	O
.	O


Give	O
you	O
a	O
nice	O
break	O
.	O


Well	O
no	O
.	O


I	O
missed	O
the	O
hell	O
out	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
?	O


I	O
was	O
ready	O
to	O


That	O
's	O
good	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
ready	O


that	O
's	O
a	O


Go	O
get	O
them	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
w-	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
that	O
%uh	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
was	O
gone	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
car	O
do	O
you	O
have	O
?	O


%huh	O
?	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
car	O
do	O
you	O
have	O
now	O
?	O


Same	O
car	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O
really	O
?	O


You	O
got	O
that	O
thing	O
repaired	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


Really	O
?	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


%huh	O


Well	O
anyway	O
%um	O
What	O
else	O
is	O
going	O
on	O
?	O


You	O
're	O
busy	O
with	O
work	O


and	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
work	O
ten	B-TIME
at	O
night	O
to	O
six	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


Bo	O
Bo	O
's	O
happy	O
because	O
%uh	O
he	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
day	O
care	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


When	O
do	O
you	O
sleep	O
then	O
?	O


I	O
sleep	O
probably	O
a	B-TIME
couple	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
in	O
the	O
morning	O
and	O
then	O
like	O
at	O
nap	O
time	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
never	O
did	O
require	O
much	O
sleep	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
has	O
%uh	O
the	O
old	O
man	O
and	O
the	O
old	O
lady	O
called	O
you	O
lately	O
?	O


No	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


Ai	O
n't	O
worried	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
your	O
sister	O
was	O
%uh	O
in	O
Illinois	O
recently	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


What	O
for	O
?	O


Her	O
old	O
man	O
kicked	O
her	O
--	O
--	O
out	O
of	O
her	O
house	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
Jill	B-PERSON
's	O
been	O
getting	O
the	O
shit	O
beat	O
out	O
of	O
her	O
and	O
all	O
that	O
at	O


You	O
're	O
kidding	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


Well	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
sucked	O
into	O
that	O
.	O


oh	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
.	O


Her	O
baby	O
's	O
got	O
colic	O


and	O
she	O
did	O
funny	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


Sounds	O
like	O
a	O
real	O
mess	O
.	O


Too	O
bad	O
.	O


So	O
is	O
she	O
home	O
for	O
good	O
?	O


No	O
.	O


He	O
took	O
her	O
back	O
?	O


No	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
n't	O
take	O
her	O
back	O


but	O
his	O
%uh	O
mom	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
buy	O
her	O
a	O
car	O
--	O
--	O
so	O
that	O
she	O
'd	O
stay	O
out	O
there	O


and	O
sure	O
enough	O
she	O
's	O
staying	O
out	O
there	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


She	O
working	O
it	O
.	O


%huh	O
?	O


She	O
working	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
anyway	O
she	O
called	O
me	O
a	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
before	O
she	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
come	O
home	O


and	O
I	O
go	O
%um	O
can	O
you	O
tell	O
me	O
why	O
you	O
would	O
stay	O
in	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
wanted	O
in	O
a	O
state	O
you	O
know	O
where	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
hardly	O
anybody	O
.	O


So	O
then	O
that	O
's	O
when	O
it	O
all	O
came	O
out	O
.	O


She	O
said	O
well	O
I	O
think	O
her	O
name	O
's	O
Patty	B-PERSON
,	O
Patty	B-PERSON
's	O
going	O
to	O
buy	O
me	O
a	O
car	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
help	O
me	O
out	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
Kara	B-PERSON
you	O
know	O
why	O
she	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
is	O
because	O
she	O
wants	O
the	O
kid	O
to	O
stay	O
there	O
so	O
she	O
can	O
see	O
your	O
grandson	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


so	O
she	O
got	O
all	O
pissed	O
off	O
at	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
you	O
're	O
being	O
used	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
being	O
bought	O
.	O


Man	O
she	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
Jill	B-PERSON
become	O


so	O
I	O
said	O
why	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
stand	O
up	O
on	O
your	O
own	O
two	B-CARDINAL
feet	O
.	O


She	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
Jill	B-PERSON
and	O
become	O
a	O
product	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
and	O
shit	O
live	O
off	O
welfare	O
and	O
god	O
damn	O
.	O


Then	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
she	O
said	O
to	O
me	O
?	O


What	O
.	O


She	O
said	O


&uh	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
sounded	O
just	O
like	O
something	O
like	O
%uh	O
her	O
mother	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
or	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
the	O
hell	O
relationsh-	O
it	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
mother	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
.	O
What	O
%uh	O
Drew	B-PERSON
's	O
mom	O
probably	O
is	O
saying	O
to	O
her	O
.	O


Kara	B-PERSON
says	O
well	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
's	O
right	O
for	O
David	B-PERSON
.	O


oh	O


And	O
I	O
said	O
no	O
Kara	B-PERSON
you	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
what	O
's	O
right	O
for	O
Kara	B-PERSON
.	O


And	O
what	O
's	O
right	O
for	O
Kara	B-PERSON
will	O
be	O
right	O
for	O
David	B-PERSON
.	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


As	O
long	O
as	O
you	O
feed	O
him	O
,	O
love	O
him	O
and	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


oh	O
well	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
him	O
to	O
not	O
know	O
his	O
daddy	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
like	O
Why	O
?	O


I	O


you	O
know	O
what	O


I	O
could	O
never	O
be	O
with	O
someone	O
who	O
did	O
n't	O
love	O
me	O
.	O


Could	O
you	O
?	O


Hell	O
no	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
that	O
.	O


Anyway	O
so	O
I	O
spouted	O
my	O
mouth	O
off	O


Well	O
Good	O
for	O
you	O
.	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O


the	O
week	O
before	O
I	O
met	O
%uh	O
the	O
%uh	O
sergeant	O
and	O
lieutenant	O
at	O
the	O
%uh	O
Des	B-GPE
Moines	I-GPE
McDonald	B-ORG
's	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
dropping	O
off	O
Shawn	B-PERSON
.	O


Sergeant	O
and	O
lieutenant	O
?	O


Jennings	B-PERSON
.	O


%huh	O
?	O


Sergeant	O
and	O
lieutenant	O
Jennings	B-PERSON
.	O


You	O
talking	O
about	O
mom	O
and	O
dad	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


%eh	O
here	O
's	O
why	O
I	O
call	O
them	O
that	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
're	O
sitting	O
there	O
in	O
McDonald	B-ORG
's	O
p-	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O


they	O
had	O
Shawn	B-PERSON
for	O
a	O
week	O


and	O
%uh	O
we	O
're	O
visiting	O


and	O
%uh	O
they	O
start	O
in	O
on	O
me	O
right	O
away	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
keep	O
your	O
mouth	O
shut	O


and	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
say	O
this	O


and	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
say	O
that	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
say	O
this	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
say	O
that	O
.	O


the	O
whole	O
time	O
%uh	O
was	O
nothing	O
but	O
a	O
big	O
fucking	O
lecture	O
.	O


You	O
say	O
oh	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
think	O
I	O
did	O
that	O
on	O
purpose	O
.	O


Good	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


Well	O
then	O
the	O
following	O
weekend	O
was	O
father	O
's	O
day	O
.	O


And	O
%uh	O
we	O
were	O
supposed	O
to	O
all	O
meet	O
in	O
Des	O
M-	O


339.00_347.11_A:	O
oh	O
that	O
was	O
to	O
drop	O
Shawn	B-PERSON
off	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
meet	O
and	O
pick	O
Shawn	B-PERSON
up	O
and	O
see	O
Kara	B-PERSON
and	O
David	B-PERSON
.	O


I	O
've	O
never	O
seen	O
that	O
kid	O
.	O


Have	O
no	O
clue	O
what	O
he	O
,	O


well	O
you	O
have	O
n't	O
either	O
.	O


uh-uh	O
.	O


So	O
%um	O
we	O
get	O
there	O


and	O
there	O
's	O
dad	O
with	O
his	O
hands	O
in	O
his	O
pocket	O


and	O
he	O
meets	O
us	O
out	O
at	O
the	O
car	O


and	O
%uh	O
%um	O
mom	O
was	O
sitting	O
on	O
the	O
bench	O
for	O
once	O
not	O
huddling	O
around	O
dad	O
.	O


And	O
%um	O
I	O
said	O
where	O
's	O
Kara	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
said	O
well	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
come	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
said	O
what	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
no	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
come	O
.	O


%uh	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
like	O
the	O
last	O
two	B-CARDINAL
conversations	O
that	O
she	O
had	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


She	O
%uh	O
did	O
n't	O
like	O
what	O
you	O
had	O
to	O
say	O
to	O
her	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
still	O
backing	O
her	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
something	O
?	O


What	O
?	O


They	O
probably	O
told	O
her	O
it	O
was	O
okay	O
not	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


They	O
probably	O
said	O
yeah	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
how	O
she	O
talks	O
to	O
us	O
either	O
.	O


I	O
bet	O
,	O


what	O
do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
bet	O
because	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
think	O
they	O
could	O
have	O
made	O
her	O
come	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


They	O
would	O
've	O
made	O
anybody	O
else	O
come	O
.	O


Sure	O
.	O


They	O
would	O
've	O
said	O
get	O
your	O
ass	O
in	O
the	O
car	O
.	O
Whether	O
y-	O


Say	O
god	O
damn	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
hear	O
no	O
fucking	O
shit	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
go	O
.	O


Whether	O
you	O
're	O
thirty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
or	O
twenty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
it	O
do	O
n't	O
matter	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
would	O
've	O
been	O
in	O
that	O
god	O
damn	O
car	O
.	O


Well	O
it	O
was	O
just	O
like	O
well	O
we	O
'll	O
show	O
her	O
for	O
spouting	O
her	O
mouth	O
off	O
.	O


She	O
wo	O
n't	O
get	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
baby	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Exactly	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
punish	O
her	O
.	O


So	O
then	O
he	O
just	O
calls	O
.	O


The	O
old	O
man	O
just	O
calls	O
me	O
I	O
got	O
my	O
message	O
machine	O
and	O
says	O
%uh	O
yeah	O
we	O
want	O
Ryan	B-PERSON
to	O
come	O
out	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
fair	O
that	O
Ryan	B-PERSON
ca	O
n't	O
come	O
out	O
.	O


And	O
%uh	O
cause	O
I	O
said	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
meet	O
them	O
in	O
Des	B-GPE
Moines	I-GPE
.	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
with	O
them	O
Tad	B-PERSON
.	O


I	O
lose	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
my	O
life	O
every	O
time	O
I	O
'm	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


Mentally	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
take	O
it	O
.	O


Well	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
nobody	O
else	O
has	O
no	O
--	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
anymore	O
.	O
--	O
contact	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
ca	O
n't	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
that	O
pissed	O
me	O
off	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
they	O
were	O
here	O


so	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
never	O
their	O
fault	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
never	O
for	O
anything	O
that	O
they	O
've	O
done	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O


and	O
I	O
mean	O
you	O
get	O
blamed	O
,	O


you	O
still	O
get	O
blamed	O
for	O
shit	O
and	O
lectured	O
about	O
shit	O
that	O
happens	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
a	O
kid	O
or	O
whatever	O
and	O
all	O
that	O
I	O
mean	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
it	O
for	O
that	O


%um	O
so	O
then	O
dad	O
says	O
now	O
why	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Des	B-GPE
Moines	I-GPE


and	O
I	O
said	O
because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
I	O
thought	O
we	O
'd	O
already	O
been	O
through	O
this	O
cause	O
I	O
already	O
told	O
them	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Des	O
M&oines	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
goes	O
well	O
then	O
we	O
'll	O
drive	O
to	O
Omaha	B-GPE
and	O
pick	O
up	O
%um	O
Ryan	B-PERSON


and	O
then	O
we	O
'll	O
%uh	O
bring	O
him	O
back	O
home	O
to	O
Omaha	B-GPE
.	O


And	O
I	O
said	O
%mm	O
.	O
oh	O
so	O
you	O
're	O
not	O


and	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
I	O
wo	O
n't	O
let	O
them	O
stay	O
in	O
my	O
house	O
anymore	O
.	O
Because	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
have	O
that	O
twenty	O
-	O
four	O
hour	O
bitching	O
and	O
negative	O
.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
live	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
saying	O
?	O


mhm	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
twenty	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
four	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


So	O
%um	O
I	O
said	O
so	O
let	O
me	O
understand	O
this	O


so	O
you	O
're	O
coming	O
,	O


you	O
're	O
picking	O
him	O
up	O


and	O
you	O
're	O
leaving	O
?	O


You	O
're	O
not	O
staying	O
?	O


Right	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
go	O
%hm	O
well	O
it	O
sounds	O
like	O
we	O
're	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
old	O
argument	O
.	O


And	O
%um	O
I	O
said	O
so	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
punish	O
me	O
because	O
you	O
're	O
offended	O
that	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
particularly	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
stay	O
here	O
in	O
my	O
home	O
.	O


Well	O
no	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
punishing	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
well	O
then	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
call	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
just	O
came	O
out	O
and	O
said	O
it	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


No	O
you	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
un-	O


I	O
said	O
no	O
dad	O
.	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
how	O
you	O
affect	O
my	O
family	O
.	O
You	O
and	O
mom	O
.	O
and	O
more	O
importantly	O
how	O
you	O
affect	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
's	O
your	O
problem	O
.	O


You	O
think	O
too	O
much	O
about	O
yourself	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
said	O
goodbye	O
dad	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
hung	O
the	O
phone	O
up	O
.	O


Good	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


why	O
does	O
our	O
life	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
this	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
it	O
.	O


Well	O
they	O
're	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
created	O
it	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
n-	O


Why	O
do	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
that	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


and	O


Dad	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
said	O
to	O
dad	O
%um	O
when	O
he	O
came	O
up	O
to	O
our	O
door	O
and	O
said	O
Kara	B-PERSON
's	O
not	O
coming	O
cause	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
said	O
to	O
him	O


What	O
?	O


I	O
said	O
I	O
hope	O
that	O
my	O
sons	O
never	O
treat	O
one	O
another	O
like	O
this	O
.	O


True	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
my	O
kids	O
will	O
be	O
that	O
way	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
just	O
looked	O
at	O
me	O
.	O


Well	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
point	O


but	O


So	O
how	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


I	O
'm	O
fine	O
.	O


How	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


I	O
'm	O
alright	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O


You	O
sound	O
really	O
far	O
away	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
really	O
bad	O
connection	O
because	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
of	O
a	O
lag	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
**staticky**	O
.	O


Do	O
I	O
sound	O
**staticky**	O
to	O
you	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
you	O
sound	O
quite	O
clear	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
suppose	O
that	O
's	O
okay	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
just	O
have	O
to	O
put	O
up	O
with	O
it	O
then	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
are	O
you	O
doing	O
?	O


I	O
'm	O
well	O
,	O


I	O
'm	O
all	O
right	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
okay	O
,	O


but	O
,	O
%eh	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
do	O
you	O
remember	O
how	O
I	O
was	O
feeling	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
and	O
I	O
just	O
wanted	O
to	O
like	O
quit	O
the	O
program	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
'm	O
sick	O
of	O
it	O
,	O


and	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
feeling	O
that	O
way	O
again	O
.	O


oh	O
no	O
.	O


So	O
.	O


yeah	O


it	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O


do	O
you	O
go	O
through	O
like	O
a	O
three	B-CARDINAL
monthly	O
cycle	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
something	O
like	O
that	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


when	O


let	O
's	O
see	O


what	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
is	O
it	O
?	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
%hm	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
high	O
summer	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
feeling	O
really	O
bad	O
in	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
**Marchish**	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


Mayb-	O


yeah	O
.	O


February	B-DATE
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


it	O
seems	O
like	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
so	O


maybe	O
you	O
should	O
check	O
out	O
your	O
biorhythms	O
.	O


%ah	O
okay	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
are	O
you	O
,	O


how	O
are	O
things	O
going	O
?	O


%um	O
,	O
oh	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
like	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
doing	O


but	O
I	O
am	O
so	O
isolated	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
best	O
present	O
I	O
've	O
had	O
the	O
whole	O
year	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
here	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
kidding	O
?	O


Because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
anyone	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
come	O
on	O
,	O


you	O
're	O
kidding	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


w-	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
kidding	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
so	O
hard	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
people	O
here	O
.	O


You	O
mean	O
like	O
Scottish	B-NORP
folks	O
?	O


Then	O


well	O
just	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
in	O
general	O
.	O


I	O
find	O
them	O
sort	O
of	O
,	O
really	O
reserved	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
,	O


you	O
know	O
how	O
Americans	B-NORP
just	O
kind	O
of	O
jump	O
in	O
and	O
oh	O
hi	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
be	O
friends	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
stuck	O
in	O
a	O
horrible	O
situation	O
together	O
,	O


so	O
let	O
's	O
laugh	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
,	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
do	O
n't	O
jump	O
in	O
right	O
away	O


and	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
once	O
they	O
make	O
friends	O
with	O
you	O
,	O
then	O
they	O
're	O
nice	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
the	O
secret	O
is	O
of	O
cracking	O
the	O
code	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
.	O


So	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
have	O
n't	O
cracked	O
it	O
with	O
anybody	O
yet	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
partly	O
I	O
'm	O
so	O
busy	O
.	O


oh	O
god	O
,	O
this	O
course	O
Joseph	B-PERSON
was	O
so	O
overwhelming	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
in	O
class	O
about	O
six	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
a	O
day	O
,	O


and	O
then	O
you	O
had	O
to	O
go	O
home	O
and	O
do	O
about	O
twenty	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
five	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
worth	O
of	O
homework	O
,	O
to	O
get	O
ready	O
for	O
the	O
next	O
day	O
.	O


Just	O
,	O
you	O
know	O


No	O
c-	O


so	O
like	O
worse	O
than	O
Middlebury	B-GPE
.	O


165.00_177.54_B:	O
oh	O
,	O
oh	O
,	O
worse	O
,	O


it	O
was	O
like	O
as	O
bad	O
as	O
Middlebury	B-GPE
at	O
its	O
most	O
intense	O
,	O


but	O
it	O
lasted	O
all	O
year	O
,	O


it	O
was	O
n't	O
over	O
in	O
nine	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


oh	O
my	O
God	O
!	O


I	O
know	O


I	O
have	O
so	O
much	O
gray	O
hair	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
I	O
must	O
have	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
times	O
more	O
gray	O
hair	O
than	O
nine	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


oh	O
,	O
no	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
look	O
like	O
a	O
little	O
old	O
lady	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
incredible	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
incredible	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
,	O
we	O
had	O
our	O
exams	O
in	O
June	B-DATE


and	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
part	O
's	O
all	O
over	O
with	O
,	O


and	O
now	O
I	O
'm	O
just	O
doing	O
dissertation	O
stuff	O
.	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
fun	O
now	O
.	O


But	O
%um	O
,	O


Because	O
you	O
're	O
sort	O
of	O
working	O
on	O
your	O
own	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
directed	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


well	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
not	O
so	O
much	O
daily	O
pressure	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
where	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
produce	O
for	O
everyday	O
?	O


%huh	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
better	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
and	O
Edinburgh	B-GPE
is	O
so	O
beautiful	O
.	O


And	O
right	O
now	O
there	O
's	O
all	O
these	O
festival	O
things	O
going	O
on	O
.	O


And	O
do	O
you	O
have	O
time	O
to	O
go	O
out	O
and	O
see	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
enjoy	O
them	O
?	O


Well	O
I	O
'm	O
making	O
time	O


I	O
'm	O
doing	O
something	O
once	O
a	O
week	O
for	O
sure	O
.	O
e-	O
%huh	O
.	O
you	O
know	O


So	O
,	O
%eh	O
the	O
other	O
day	O
I	O
took	O
a	O
bus	O
trip	O
into	O
the	O
highlands	O


and	O
that	O
was	O
really	O
good	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
beauti-	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
that	O
must	O
be	O
really	O
great	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
beautiful	O
here	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
really	O
beautiful	O
.	O


and	O
the	O
weather	O
is	O
good	O
right	O
now	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
like	O
a	O
record	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
had	O
all	O
this	O
sunshine	O
and	O
blue	O
sky	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
eighties	I-DATE
,	O


and	O
Wow	O
nobody	O
can	O
believe	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
I	O
guess	O
I	O
'm	O
really	O
lucky	O
.	O


What	O
was	O
it	O
like	O
in	O
the	O
winter	O
?	O


It	O
was	O
like	O
being	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
a	O
hurricane	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
the	O
wind	O
blows	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
that	O
small	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
n't	O
say	O
I	O
'm	O
a	O
tiny	O
woman	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
wind	O
blows	O
me	O
into	O
the	O
hedge	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
?	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
it	O
comes	O
off	O
the	B-LOC
North	I-LOC
Sea	I-LOC
and	O
knocks	O
you	O
on	O
your	O
ass	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
right	O
on	O
the	O
water	O
?	O


%uh	O
,	O
really	O
close	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


Can	O
you	O
swim	O
?	O


yeah	O


No	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
too	O
cold	O
.	O


Really	O
,	O
really	O
cold	O
?	O


You	O
'd	O
be	O
nuts	O
if	O
you	O
went	O
in	O
.	O


So	O
nobody	O
swims	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
beach	O
,	O
actually	O
,	O
down	O
the	O
coast	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
a	O
beach	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
to	O
from	O
here	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
there	O
yet	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O
And	O
so	O
do	O
people	O
like	O
sunbathe	O
and	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
go	O
in	O
the	O
water	O
?	O


No	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
go	O
in	O
down	O
there	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
south	O
from	O
here	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
east	O
coast	O
,	O


and	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
there	O
easily	O
from	O
here	O
by	O
bus	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


And	O
people	O
go	O
there	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
there	O
yet	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


So	O
are	O
you	O
Anyway	O
.	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
stay	O
there	O
a	O
while	O
after	O
you	O
're	O
done	O
with	O
your	O
program	O
to	O
like	O
sightsee	O
and	O
stuff	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
I	O
guess	O
I	O
'm	O
just	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
mostly	O
like	O
one	B-CARDINAL
or	O
two	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
things	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
?	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
so	O
small	O
and	O
you	O
can	O
go	O
all	O
over	O
on	O
the	O
bus	O
.	O


%huh	O
.	O


And	O
%um	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
student	O
travel	O
%um	O
agency	O
on	O
campus	O


and	O
I	O
can	O
get	O
sort	O
of	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
student	O
discount	O
on	O
things	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


%mm	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
can	O
go	O
away	O
for	O
a	O
weekend	O
,	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
too	O
expensive	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
stay	O
at	O
like	O
hostels	O
and	O
stuff	O
?	O


Well	O
no	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
actually	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
B	O
and	O
B's	O
or	O
whatever	O
.	O


Really	O
?	O


not	O
too	O
bad	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
are	O
there	O
are	O
other	O
non	O
Brits	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
program	O
?	O


There	O
are	O
n't	O
any	O
Brits	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
program	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
six	B-CARDINAL
of	O
us	O
in	O
my	O
class	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Myself	O
and	O
an	O
Italian	B-NORP
woman	O
.	O


oh	O
oh	O
she	O
must	O
be	O
great	O
fun	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
great	O
,	O


she	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
%um	O
Sarda	B-NORP
.	O


She	O
's	O
what	O
?	O


391.97_393.19_B:	O
She	O
's	O
from	O
Sardinia	B-GPE
.	O


oh	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
four	B-CARDINAL
guys	O
are	O
all	O
Arab	B-NORP
.	O


There	O
's	O
the	O
Sudanese	B-NORP
and	O
a	O
Moroccan	B-NORP
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Moroccan	B-NORP
guy	O
knows	O
Hamunses	B-PERSON
by	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
small	O
world	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


%um	O
,	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Libyan	B-NORP
guys	O
.	O


Really	O
?	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
it	O
in	O
my	O
year	O
,	O
in	O
my	O
class	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
very	O


So	O
have	O
you	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
close	O
to	O
them	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


the	O
guys	O
are	O
really	O
nice	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O


but	O
we	O
've	O
had	O
so	O
much	O
work	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
have	O
much	O
chance	O
to	O
you	O
know	O
spend	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
time	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
but	O
,	O
Marie	B-PERSON
Antoinette	I-PERSON
and	O
I	O
have	O
become	O
friends	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
,	O


and	O
she	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
fun	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
very	O
interesting	O
,	O
actually	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
bet	O
.	O


she	O
went	O
across	O
the	B-LOC
Sahara	I-LOC
desert	I-LOC
by	O
camel	O
.	O


,	O
her	O
husband	O
is	O
a	O
writer	O
,	O


his	O
name	O
is	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Ascher	I-PERSON
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
what	O
?	O


Ascher	B-PERSON


+unknown+	B-PERSON


Ascher	B-PERSON
,	O


Ascher	O
,	O


I	O
've	O
never	O
heard	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


when	O
they	O
got	O
married	O
,	O
their	O
honeymoon	O
was	O
a	O
nine	O
month	O
trip	O
across	O
the	O
Sahara	O
desert	O
.	O


Ugh	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
they	O
started	O
out	O
in	O
Morocco	O
and	O
made	O
their	O
way	O
down	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
%um	O
,	O
through	O
the	O
Sudan	O
.	O


oh	O
my	O
god	O
!	O


yeah	O
.	O


Can	O
you	O
imagine	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
she	O
was	O
%um	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
European	O
woman	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


oh	O
my	O
god	O
.	O


That	O
must	O
have	O
been	O
hellish	O
.	O


he	O
wrote	O
a	O
book	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


So	O


Is	O
he	O
American	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
English	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


interesting	O


so	O
,	O
her	O
Arabic	O
must	O
be	O
really	O
good	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
pretty	O
good	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
any	B-LANGUAGE
better	O
than	O
mine	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
your	O
Arabic	O
is	O
really	O
good	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
gotten	O
pretty	O
good	O
,	O
actually	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
learned	O
some	O
interesting	O
stuff	O
here	O
this	O
year	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
doing	O
simultaneous	O
stuff	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
doing	O
any	O
simultaneous	O
.	O


Why	O
not	O
?	O


Not	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


Because	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
for	O
one	O
thing	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
lot	O
better	O
at	O
Arabic	O
than	O
I	O
am	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
mostly	O
we	O
spend	O
most	O
of	O
our	O
time	O
on	O
translation	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
only	O
a	O
very	O
little	O
bit	O
on	O
interpreting	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
interpreting	O
we	O
do	O
is	O
a	O
consecutive	O
liaison	O
interpreting	O
.	O


What	O
does	O
that	O
mean	O
?	O


It	O
means	O
that	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
you	O
,	O
actually	O
,	O


it	O


well	O
you	O
do	O
it	O
by	O
paragraph	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


small	O
bits	O
of	O
speech	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
ways	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
harder	O
than	O
simultaneous	O
%um	O
,	O
because	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
not	O
only	O
remember	O
what	O
was	O
said	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
get	O
all	O
the	O
facts	O
right	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


You	O
ha-	O


Right	O
,	O


right	O
.	O


You	O
've	O
got	O
to	O
remember	O
it	O
all	O


and	O


yeah	O
,	O


all	O
the	O
dates	O
and	O
amounts	O
and	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
practice	O
in	O
note	O
-	O
taking	O
,	O
and	O
devising	O
your	O
own	O
sort	O
of	O
set	O
of	O
symbols	O
that	O
will	O
jog	O
your	O
memory	O
mhm	O
.	O
you	O
know	O
because	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
keep	O
notes	O
on	O
a	O
whole	O
paragraph	O
of	O
what	O
somebody	O
says	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


you	O
just	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
good	O


how	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


%eh	O
,	O
okay	O


my	O
flight	O
plans	O
everything	O
are	O
so	O
crazy	O
you	O
know	O


if	O
your	O
mom	O
was	O
getting	O
married	O
one	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
uh-huh	O
.	O
I	O
would	O
've	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
save	O
about	B-MONEY
three	I-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


oh	O
no	O
.	O


Because	O
all	O
the	O
airlines	O
are	O
dropping	O
their	O
rates	O
September	B-DATE
fifth	I-DATE
to	O
six	B-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
and	I-MONEY
fifty	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
round	O
trip	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


but	O
%uh	O
it	O
was	O
too	O
late	O


yeah	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
too	O
bad	O
.	O


And	O
when	O
I	O
'm	O
coming	O
into	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
the	O
first	O
day	O
apparently	O
I	O
'm	O
stuck	O
their	O
for	O
twelve	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
a	O
continuing	O
flight	O
to	O
Buffalo	B-GPE
until	O
five	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
evening	I-TIME
.	O


I	O
'm	O
landing	O
at	O
five	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


oh	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
hopefully	O
,	O
my	O
friend	O
Bea	B-PERSON
who	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
class	O
--	O
yeah	O
.	O
--	O
quite	O
a	O
few	O
y-	O
.	O


she	O
lives	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
city	I-GPE
in	O
the	O
area	O
now	O
.	O


So	O
hopefully	O
she	O
'll	O
be	O
meeting	O
me	O
for	O
the	O
day	O
.	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
good	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
too	O
bad	O
then	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
if	O
we	O
can	O
spend	O
the	O
day	O
together	O


You	O
know	O
Hugo	B-PERSON
and	O
Shoshana	B-PERSON
live	O
there	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
know	O
them	O
?	O


Who	O
?	O


Hugo	B-PERSON
and	O
Shoshana	B-PERSON
?	O


I	O
vaguely	O
remember	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
%um	O


I	O
guess	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
%um	O
Opa	B-PERSON
's	O
nephew	O
is	O
Hugo	B-PERSON


so	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
Ferdie	B-PERSON
's	O
--	O
yeah	O
--	O
uncle	O
or	O
cousin	O
or	O
something	O


No	O
I	O
remember	O
the	O
name	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
really	O
nice	O


and	O
they	O
come	O
to	O
Israel	B-GPE
every	O
once	O
in	O
a	O
while	O
because	O
one	O
of	O
their	O
kids	O
lives	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE


and	O


oh	O
wait	O
,	O


is	O
that	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
lived	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
?	O


Beanie	B-PERSON


%um	O
.	O
What	O
?	O


There	O
's	O
some	O
relative	O
of	O
Ferdie	B-PERSON
's	O
that	O
lives	O
in	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
.	O


No	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
them	O
.	O


Those	O
are	O
the	O
Epsteins	B-PERSON
.	O


%ah	O
,	O
the	O
Epsteins	B-PERSON
.	O


okay	O
.	O


%um	O
no	O
this	O


But	O
that	O
's	O
your	O
mother	O
's	O
side	O
,	O
the	O
Epsteins	B-PERSON
,	O
right	O
?	O
--	O


No	O
actually	O
that	O
's	O
Ferdie	B-PERSON
's	O
side	O
also	O


--	O
I	O
mean	O
your	O
.	O


Ferdie	B-PERSON
's	O
mother	O
's	O
side	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


Right	O
,	O
right	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


But	O
anyway	O
,	O
they	O
live	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
in	O
Queens	B-GPE


and	O
they	O
're	O
really	O
nice	O


so	O
if	O
you	O
get	O
stuck	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
could	O
give	O
you	O
their	O
number	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


yeah	O


well	O
no	O
I	O


hopefully	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
okay	O


yeah	O
.	O


%um	O
what	O
was	O
I	O
going	O
to	O
say	O


%um	O
%ah	O
so	O
anyway	O
%uh	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
doing	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
just	O
like	O
only	O
four	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	O
Buffalo	B-GPE
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
,	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
Grandma	O
Ruth	B-PERSON
and	O
Grandma	O
Henning	B-PERSON
will	O
only	O
be	O
there	O
for	O
three	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Really	O
.	O


the	O
last	O
day	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
spending	O
with	O
my	O
friend	O
,	O
Cathy	B-PERSON
.	O


uh-huh	O


And	O
then	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
Johnny	B-PERSON


and	O
I	O
think	O
we	O
have	O
--	O


When	O
are	O
you	O
getting	O
to	O
Johnny	B-PERSON
's	O
?	O


I	O
'm	O
flying	O
in	O
on	O
the	O
twenty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
eighth	I-DATE
.	O


oh	O
,	O
I	O
'll	O
probably	O
just	O
be	O
leaving	O
Michigan	B-GPE
then	O
.	O


By	O
ya-	O


Like	O
to	O
drive	O
to	O
South	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O


Because	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
off	O
from	O
the	O
twenty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
eighth	I-DATE


and	O
right	O
now	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
flight	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
coming	O
in	O
like	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
or	O
eleven	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
something	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


And	O
then	O


And	O
when	O
are	O
you	O
all	O
coming	O
to	O
South	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
?	O


I-	O


What	O
?	O


When	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
South	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
?	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
he	O
's	O
planning	O
on	O
doing	O
it	O


wait	O


the	O
luncheon	O
or	O
dinner	O
thing	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
second	B-DATE
,	O
right	O
?	O


%um	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


Let	O
me	O


I	O
think	O
your	O
mom	O
said	O
their	O
was	O
something	O
planned	O
the	O
day	O
before	O
for	O
the	O
family	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


%um	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
find	O
that	O
calendar	O
here	O
%um	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


it	O
might	O
be	O
like	O
there	O
's	O
some	O
dinner	O
the	O
night	O
before	O


that	O
could	O
be	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
so	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
whether	O
we	O
'll	O
drive	O
down	O
the	O
thirty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
first	I-DATE
or	O
the	O
first	B-DATE
or	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
exactly	O
whether	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
in	O
you	O
know	O
one	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
or	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


oh	O


yeah	O
.	O


%um	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
?	O


%um	O
Cynthia	B-PERSON
's	O
coming	O
and	O
David	B-PERSON
and	O
their	O
kids	O


oh	O
great	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
bring	O
Ralph	B-PERSON


but	O
I	O
guess	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
sure	O
now	O
because	O
they	O
just	O
found	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
cancer	O
in	O
his	O
brain	O
oh	O
no	O
they	O
Or	O
a	O
spot	O
in	O
his	O
brain	O
li-	O


you	O
know	O
he	O
had	O
lung	O
cancer	O


is	O
that	O


I	O
know	O


and	O
they	O
were	O
so	O
optimistic	O
.	O


anyway	O
they	O
just	O
found	O
something	O


and	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
start	O
treating	O
it	O
like	O
this	O
week	O


so	O
now	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
sure	O
if	O
he	O
can	O
come	O


but	O
mom	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
so	O
sweet	O
that	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
come	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


But	O
are	O
they	O
going	O
to	O
still	O
come	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
so	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O


Who	O
else	O
but	O
cousins	O
are	O
coming	O
,	O


do	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


%um	O
,	O
Abby	B-PERSON
's	O
coming	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
With	O
the	O
baby	O
and	O
Michal	B-PERSON


uh-huh	O
?	O


And	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
moving	O
to	O
Detroit	B-PERSON
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
heard	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
living	O
not	O
far	O
from	O
Johnny	B-PERSON
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


%um	O
and	O
then	O
%um	O
let	O
's	O
see	O
Pevie	B-PERSON
's	O
coming	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
like	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
if	O
the	O
whole	O
family	O
is	O
or	O
just	O
him	O


mhm	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
and	O
mom	O
's	O
not	O
sure	O
about	O
Ethan	B-PERSON
and	O
Arlene	B-PERSON
yet	O
though	O


I	O
mean	O
Ethan	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
new	O
wife	O
oops	O


%hm	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


%um	O
Is	O
Marianne	B-PERSON
coming	O
,	O


do	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


Mom	O
did	O
n't	O
mention	O
that	O
.	O


Because	O
I	O
know	O
she	O
was	O
in	O
touch	O
since	O
Dmitri	B-PERSON
's	O
been	O
in	O
that	O
area	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
she	O
was	O
in	O
touch	O
with	O
l-	O


and	O
Marilyn	B-PERSON
was	O
really	O
nice	O
.	O


yeah	O
yeah	O


Also	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
nice	O
if	O
Eileen	B-PERSON
would	O
come	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


You	O
remember	O
Eileen	B-PERSON
,	O
right	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
've	O
only	O
met	O
them	O
like	O
maybe	O
once	O
or	O
twice	O
.	O


Because	O
Eileen	B-PERSON
's	O
%uh	O
more	O
or	O
less	O
your	O
age	O
.	O


No	O
,	O


I	O
think	O
she	O
's	O
a	O
bit	O


well	O
maybe	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
her	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
might	O
have	O
met	O
her	O
once	O


Very	O
sweet	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
hear	O
she	O
's	O
nice	O
.	O


She	O


yeah	O


I	O
was	O
really	O
impressed	O
with	O
her	O
when	O
we	O
visited	O
there	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Tell	O
me	O
something	O


do	O
you	O
or	O
Dmitri	B-PERSON
or	O
anyone	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
have	O
email	O
yet	O
?	O


%um	O
yeah	O


we	O
all	O
do	O


well	O
no	O
not	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
.	O


I	O
do	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
losing	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
only	O
have	O
like	O
a	B-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
left	O
in	O
the	O
account	O


oh	O
okay	O


But	O
I	O
can	O
give	O
you	O
Dmitri	B-PERSON
's	O
email	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


Because	O
I	O
have	O
access	O
now	O
in	O
the	O
factory	O
.	O


%eh	O
this	O
is	O
until	O
the	O
Boss	O
decides	O
I	O
'm	O
playing	O
with	O
it	O
too	O
much	O
because	O
right	O
now	O
there	O
's	O
only	O
one	O
with	O
his	O
code	O
and	O
he	O
's	O
letting	O
me	O
use	O
it	O
.	O


okay	O


uh-huh	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
%eh	O
%eh	O
%ah	O


he	O
sort	O
of	O
keeps	O
on	O
making	O
comments	O
about	O
it	O


I	O
've	O
got	O
private	O
messages	O
here	O


I	O
says	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
looking	O
at	O
your	O
private	O
messages	O
,	O
Reuven	B-PERSON


I	O
'm	O
only	O
leaving	O
my	O
messages	O
and	O
collecting	O
mine	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
the	O
whole	O
internet	O


but	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
had	O
time	O
to	O
really	O
even	O
try	O
to	O
learn	O
anything	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
just	O
using	O
it	O
to	O
drop	O
and	O
collect	O
messages	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


well	O
let	O
me	O
tell	O
you	O
Dmitri	B-PERSON
's	O
?	O


okay	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
V	O
S	O


mhm	O
.	O


zero	B-CARDINAL
R	O


%ah	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
not	O
O	O
?	O


like	O
yeah	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
the	O
number	O
.	O


The	O
one	O
with	O
the	O
line	O
through	O
it	O
.	O


yeah	O
?	O


%um	O
at	O


yeah	O
?	O


That	O
little	O
at	O
symbol	O
%um	O


let	O
me	O
just	O
se-	O


I	O
have	O
to	O
remember	O
it	O
.	O


yeah	O


I	O
know	O
at	O


At	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
.	O


A	O
N	O
D	O
R	O
E	O
W	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Dot	O
%um	O
C	O
M	O
U	O
.	O


C	O
M	O
U	O
?	O


mhm	O


dot	O
E	O
D	O
U	O
.	O


Dot	O
E	O
D	O


U	O


U	O


That	O
's	O
his	O
old	O
number	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
like	O
what	O
he	O
had	O
at	O
Carnegie	B-ORG
Mellon	I-ORG


but	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
transfers	O
to	O
his	O
new	O
one	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
look	O
right	O
now	O
while	O
we	O
're	O
talking	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
I	O
have	O


mhm	O
.	O


Wait	O


V	O
S	O
is	O
Victor	B-PERSON
+Schoema+	O
,	O
I	O
guess	O
right	O


oh	O
here	O
's	O
his	O
new	O
one	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
his	O
one	O
from	O
his	O
work	O


oh	O
okay	O
.	O


okay	O
,	O


this	O
is	O
th-	O


like	O
just	O
make	O
it	O
start	O
a	O
new	O
line	O
.	O


V	O
Schoema	O
like	O
V	O
S	O
C	O
H	O
O	O
E	O
M	O
A	O


O	O
E	O
M	O
A	O


At	O
.	O


At	O
.	O


E	O
O	O
S	O


E	O
O	O
S	O


Dot	O
H	O
I	O
T	O
C	O


yeah	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
after	O
the	O
dot	O
?	O


H	O
like	O
%um	O
hit	O
.	O


yeah	O
?	O


H	O
I	O
T	O
C	O


H	O
I	O
T	O
what	O
?	O


C	O
like	O
cat	O
.	O


yeah	O
?	O


Dot	O
C	O
O	O
M	O
com	O


mhm	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
his	O
new	O
address	O


and	O
I	O
can	O
give	O
you	O
mine	O
%um	O
which	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
a	O
couple	O
more	O
days	O
until	O
I	O
run	O
out	O
of	O
money	O
%um	O


%um	O
it	O
's	O
user	O
,	O
U	O
S	O
E	O
R	O


mhm	O
.	O


L	O
G	O


mhm	O
.	O


L	O
what	O
?	O


G	O
like	O
girl	O
?	O


yeah	O
?	O


C	O


mhm	O
.	O


M	O


mhm	O


At	O


yeah	O
?	O


U	O
M	O


mhm	O
.	O


Dot	O


mhm	O
.	O


C	O
C	O


mhm	O
.	O


Dot	O
umich	O
,	O
U	O
M	O
I	O
C	O
H	O


U	O
M	O
I	O
C	O
H	O


mhm	O
dot	O
E	O
D	O
U	O


%hm	O


Never	O
seen	O
so	O
many	O
dots	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
see	O


University	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Michigan	I-ORG
education	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O


Well	O
I	O
guess	O
if	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
guess	O
all	O
pretty	O
much	O
like	O
universities	O
would	O
have	O
E	O
D	O
U	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
.	O


yeah	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
.	O


Mom	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
one	O
does	O
she	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
so	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
Lori	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
'm	O
trying	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
my	O
plans	O
.	O


I	O
still	O
have	O
no	O
idea	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
doing	O
when	O
I	O
get	O
to	O
Israel	B-GPE


and	O
nothing	O
has	O
worked	O
out	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
still	O
coming	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
kidding	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
serious	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
'm	O
still	O
coming	O
.	O


did	O
you	O
ever	O
%um	O
get	O
in	O
touch	O
with	O
%uh	O


I	O
had	O
given	O
you	O
the	O
fax	O
of	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
the	O
girl	O
in	O
%uh	O


You	O
mean	O
the	O


%um	O
yeah	O


well	O
I	O
did	O
fax	O
them	O
a	O
letter	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
little	O
bit	O
after	O
that	O
date	O
like	O
maybe	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
.	O


yeah	O
?	O


I	O
faxed	O
them	O
a	O
letter	O


and	O
I	O
never	O
heard	O
from	O
them	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
ha-	O


I	O
basically	O


what	O
she	O
kind	O
of	O
said	O
is	O
you	O
know	O
come	O
and	O
we	O
'll	O
talk	O
sort	O
of	O
thing	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


so	O
basically	O
the	O
one	O


okay	O


well	O
Interns	B-ORG
For	I-ORG
Peace	I-ORG
retracted	O
their	O
offer	O
because	O
they	O
decided	O
I	O
was	O
n't	O
enthusiastic	O
enough	O
.	O


Who	O
's	O
this	O
?	O


%um	O
Interns	B-ORG
For	I-ORG
Peace	I-ORG
?	O


mhm	O
.	O


Like	O
they	O
had	O
offered	O
me	O
a	O
place	O


and	O
then	O
they	O
took	O
it	O
back	O
.	O


But	O
did	O
n't	O
you	O
also	O
say	O
you	O
still	O
were	O
n't	O
that	O
keen	O
on	O
them	O
?	O


Right	O
,	O


I	O
was	O
n't	O


but	O
I	O
still	O
would	O
have	O
rather	O
rejected	O
them	O
than	O
have	O
them	O
reject	O
me	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O


%um	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
next	O
place	O
which	O
I	O
was	O
so	O
hopeful	O
about	O
was	O
%um	O
Moden	B-ORG
Nisan	I-ORG


yeah	O


yeah	O


That	O
thing	O
at	O
Haifa	B-GPE
with	O
%eh	O
the	B-ORG
Young	I-ORG
Women	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Leadership	I-ORG
Program	I-ORG
.	O


yeah	O
?	O


And	O
the	O
woman	O
made	O
it	O
sound	O
so	O
promising	O


and	O
I	O
waited	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
to	O
hear	O
back	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
I	O
had	O
n't	O
heard	O
from	O
her	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
after	O
the	O
date	O


so	O
I	O
called	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
said	O
oh	O
I	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
fax	O
you	O
this	O
evening	O


%um	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
really	O
sure	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O
.	O


The	O
position	O
may	O
be	O
being	O
redefined	O


%eh	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
she	O
called	O
me	O
and	O
left	O
a	O
message	O
saying	O
oh	O
you	O
know	O
they	O
had	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
on	O
the	O
burner	O


and	O
I	O
should	O
really	O
look	O
someplace	O
else	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O


and	O


%hm	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
I	O
had	O
really	O
stopped	O
looking	O
for	O
things	O
because	O
he	O
made	O
it	O
sound	O
so	O
promising	O
and	O
like	O
it	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
almost	O
fulltime	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


and	O
now	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
maybe	O
a	O
ten	O
hour	O
a	O
week	O
position	O


and	O
it	O
requires	O
fluent	O
Hebrew	B-LANGUAGE


and	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
totally	O
different	O
than	O
what	O
we	O
had	O
talked	O
about	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
shame	O


And	O
so	O
then	O
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
Giva	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Haviva	I-ORG
had	O
offered	O
me	O
a	O
very	O
short	O
term	O
parttime	O
internship	O


yeah	O
,	O


you	O
mentioned	O


by	O
writing	O
up	O
something	O
to	O


yeah	O


like	O
helping	O
with	O
grant	O
writing	O
and	O
miscellaneous	O
things	O
and	O
living	O
on	O
a	O
nearby	O
kibbutz	O
maybe	O
is	O
it	O
Ma'anit	B-LOC
?	O


%hm	O
.	O


You	O
could	O
be	O
even	O
living	O
at	O
David	B-PERSON
's	O
and	O
Savia	B-PERSON
's	O
and	O
get	O
to	O
Giva	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Haviva	I-ORG
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


but	O
it	O
might	O
be	O
nice	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
kibbutz	O
because	O
then	O
I	O
would	O
get	O
to	O
know	O
some	O
people	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O


But	O
anyway	O
,	O


so	O
then	O
%ah	O


but	O
that	O
was	O
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
that	O
they	O
offered	O
me	O
that	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
who	O
knows	O
if	O
they	O
found	O
someone	O


so	O
I	O
faxed	O
them	O
about	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
had	O
n't	O
heard	O
back	O
from	O
them	O


and	O
so	O
I	O
called	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
office	O


and	O
she	O
said	O
she	O
'd	O
get	O
back	O
to	O
me	O
probably	O
you	O
know	O
yesterday	B-DATE
or	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
she	O
could	O
talk	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Because	O
maybe	O
they	O
found	O
someone	O
,	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
that	O
's	O


I	O
'm	O
really	O
hoping	O
that	O
that	O
would	O
work	O
out	O
you	O
know	O
,	O


it	O
's	O
just	O
something	O


yeah	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
not	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
'm	O
just	O
coming	O
anyway	O


but	O
I	O
have	O
no	O
idea	O
like	O
where	O
I	O
'll	O
go	O


When	O
are	O
you	O
planning	O
on	O
coming	O
?	O


And	O


Sometime	O
either	O
like	O
mid	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
late	I-DATE
September	I-DATE
or	O
early	B-DATE
October	I-DATE
.	O


mhm	O
.	O
mhm	O
.	O


%um	O


Because	O
I	O
'm	O
thinking	O
that	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
stop	O
in	O
Europe	B-GPE
on	O
the	O
way	O
and	O
visit	O
some	O
friends	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
a	O
friend	O
in	O
Spain	B-GPE
and	O
a	O
friend	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
and	O
a	O
friend	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE


Well	O
,	O
How	O
do	O
you	O
feel	O
about	O
that	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
okay	O


That	O
was	O
weird	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
thought	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
start	O
right	O
away	O
,	O


my	O
God	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
another	B-TIME
half	I-TIME
an	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	O


You	O
better	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
to	O
tell	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
because	O
my	O
life	O
is	O
much	O
the	O
same	O
here	O
,	O


just	O
lots	O
of	O
company	O
.	O


Lots	O
of	O
kids	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
was	O
fun	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
fun	O
to	O
have	O
them	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
do	O
things	O
with	O
them	O
that	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
ordinarily	O
do	O


And	O
now	O
%um	O
Mindy	B-PERSON
is	O
coming	O
with	O
her	O
family	O
on	O
Monday	B-DATE


so	O
we	O
decided	O
we	O
'd	O
take	O
about	O
five	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
off	O
.	O


They	O
'll	O
be	O
here	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE


so	O
we	O
'll	O
be	O
here	O
for	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
week	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
good	O
.	O


%uh	O


yeah	O
.	O


Anyhow	O
,	O
she	O
's	O
so	O
busy	O


did	O
you	O
get	O
her	O
invitation	O
for	O
the	O


I	O
did	O


and	O
I	O
sent	O
back	O
%uh	O
my	O
oh	O
good	O
.	O
R	O
S	O
V	O
P	O
just	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
us	O
though	O
because	O
yeah	O
.	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
same	O
day	O
that	O
%um	O


you	O
know	O
the	O
thing	O
that	O
%uh	O
we	O
usually	O
go	O
to	O
in	O
Boca	B-GPE
Raton	I-GPE
?	O


yeah	O


down	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE


yeah	O


yeah	O
,	O


well	O
this	O
year	O
they	O
switched	O
it	O
from	O
Where	O
is	O
it	O
?	O
November	B-DATE
October	B-DATE
or	O
from	O
December	B-DATE
whenever	O
it	O
was	O
yeah	O
right	O
to	O
that	O


it	O
starts	O
that	O
day	O
.	O


oh	O
phoo	O
.	O


So	O
,	O


Now	O
where	O
is	O
it	O
taking	O
place	O
now	O
?	O


In	O
Boca	B-GPE
Raton	I-GPE
again	O
.	O


oh	O
again	O
.	O
%ah	O


So	O
I	O
think	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
%um	O
,	O


well	O
we	O
'll	O
both	O
probably	O


the	O
way	O
it	O
works	O
I	O
'll	O
just	O
leave	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
except	O
I	O
will	O
head	O
for	O
yeah	O
yeah	O
oh	O
great	O
.	O
there	O
and	O
he	O
'll	O
head	O
for	O
Florida	B-GPE


great	O
.	O


oh	O
great	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
%uh	O
a	O
room	O
in	O
the	O
hotel	O
too	O
over	O
the	O
weekend	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
'll	O
probably	O
go	O
in	O
earlier	O
in	O
the	O
week	O


And	O
%uh	O


but	O
I	O
thought	O
I	O
'd	O
also	O
stay	O
at	O
the	O
hotel	O
because	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
there	O
that	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


%ah	O


So	O
I	O


if	O
you	O
%uh	O
saw	O
that	O
response	O
card	O
it	O
said	O
something	O
about	O
calling	O
the	O
Hilton	B-ORG


and	O
Mindy	B-PERSON
had	O
a	O
rate	O
yeah	O
.	O
for	O
the	O
family	O
which	O
was	O
seventy	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
nine	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY


so	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
anything	O
other	O
than	O
that	O
insist	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
with	O
the	O
Landau	B-PERSON
party	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O
okay	O
.	O


Because	O
Huck	B-PERSON
's	O
sister	O
had	O
called	O
and	O
they	O
had	O
told	O
her	O
ninety	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
nine	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY


and	O
when	O
I	O
spoke	O
to	O
Mindy	B-PERSON
she	O
said	O
she	O
had	O
just	O
rechecked	O
with	O
them	O
this	B-DATE
week	I-DATE


so	O
there	O
was	O
some	O
misunderstanding	O
there	O


%huh	O
!	O


but	O
nevertheless	O
.	O
We	O
're	O
looking	O
forward	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
first	O
family	O
get	O
-	O
together	O
we	O
've	O
had	O
in	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


I	O
know	O


that	O
's	O
why	O
I	O
yeah	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
miss	O
it	O
.	O


I	O


yeah	O


and	O
so	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
fun	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
%uh	O
.	O


hey	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
wrote	O
my	O
dad	O
and	O
asked	O
him	O
if	O
he	O
was	O
going	O
or	O


oh	O
I	O
should	O
hope	O
so	O
.	O


Gosh	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
so	O
too	O
.	O


is	O
n't	O
that	O
far	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


It	O
's	O


No	O
.	O


%eh	O
.	O


Have	O
you	O
seen	O
them	O
at	O
all	O
lately	O
?	O


No	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
back	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE
in	O
September	B-DATE
oh	O
.	O
with	O
%um	O
a	O
book	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
actually	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
in	O
Boston	B-GPE
too	O
for	O


oh	O
.	O


which	O
book	O
is	O
it	O
now	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
next	O
mystery	O


the	O
mystery	O


oh	O


yeah	O
.	O


well	O
then	O
good	O


It	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
what	O
I	O
can	O
sell	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O


so	O


Well	O
that	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


Are	O
they	O
selling	O
well	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
they	O
're	O
doing	O
okay	O


and	O
this	O
time	O
they	O
're	O
Good	O
.	O
sending	O
me	O
around	O


and	O
%um	O
yeah	O
so	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
in	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE
then	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
thought	O
if	O
it	O
turns	O
out	O
that	O
oh	O
it	O
's	O
too	O
crowded	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
sometimes	O
they	O
send	O
you	O
in	O
and	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
real	O
block	O
of	O
time	O
oh	O
yeah	O
.	O
%um	O
then	O
after	O
the	O
bat	O
mitzvah	O


but	O
anyway	O
yeah	O
yeah	O
.	O
%um	O
Bob	B-PERSON
will	O
still	O
be	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
for	O
a	O
couple	O


so	O
I	O
think	O
I	O
'll	O
go	O
up	O
yeah	O
.	O
like	O
to	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE
again	O


oh	O
good	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


oh	O
well	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
nice	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
can	O
really	O
visit	O


there	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
I	O
'd	O
love	O
to	O
see	O


oh	O
I	O
know	O
.	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
seen	O
Pearl	B-PERSON
.	O


How	O
is	O
Pearl	B-PERSON
doing	O
?	O


oh	O
I	O
just	O
talked	O
to	O
her	O
.	O


She	O
had	O
another	O
setback	O
about	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE


she	O
had	O
a	O
small	O
stroke	O


oh	O
my	O
God	O


but	O
she	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
with	O
that	O
for	O
a	O
week	B-DATE


but	O
I	O
just	O
talked	O
to	O
her	O


her	O
left	O
arm	O
and	O
she	O
happens	O
to	O
be	O
lefthanded	O
%uh	O
was	O
hit	O


and	O
%um	O
she	O
said	O
she	O
's	O
getting	O
it	O
back	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
almost	O
able	O
to	O
write	O
again	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
she	O
's	O
been	O
trying	O
to	O
.	O


%uh	O


But	O
yesterday	B-DATE
was	O
really	O
her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
day	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
out	O


and	O
%ah	O
she	O
's	O
so	O
fantastic	O
.	O


Every	O
time	O
I	O
call	O
her	O
she	O
just	O
you	O
know	O
always	O
sounds	O
so	O
up	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
I	O
talked	O
to	O
Jackie	B-PERSON
too	O


and	O
Jackie	B-PERSON
always	O
sounds	O
so	O
down	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
think	O
j-	O


she	O
's	O
so	O


oh	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
hitting	O
Jackie	B-PERSON
so	O
hard	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
just	O
very	O
upset	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
oh	O
I	O
just	O
hope	O
to	O
God	O
she	O
gets	O
over	O
the	O
cancer	O
part	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
worst	O
part	O


and	O
I	O
have	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
other	O
lung	O
is	O
affected	O
too	O


but	O
sh-	O


yeah	O
.	O


oh	O
God	O


not	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
chemotherapy	O
again	O
.	O


She	O
just	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O


%uh	O


I	O
had	O
been	O
down	O
to	O
Atlantic	B-GPE
City	I-GPE


oh	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
was	O
my	O
fiftieth	B-ORDINAL
high	O
school	O
reunion	O
early	B-DATE
June	I-DATE


and	O
I	O
stayed	O
with	O
them	O
that	O
weekend	O


and	O
we	O
had	O
such	O
a	O
good	O
time	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
great	O


and	O
that	O
Sunday	B-DATE
night	O
while	O
we	O
were	O
there	O
she	O
had	O
that	O
small	O
heart	O
attack	O
.	O


Did	O
you	O
know	O
about	O
that	O
?	O


No	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


%eh	O
she	O
had	O
a	O
heart	O
attack	O
that	O
night	O


%uh	O


She	O
was	O
having	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
pressure	O
and	O
pain	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
thought	O
maybe	O
it	O
's	O
indigestion	O
or	O
this	O
or	O
that	O


and	O
she	O
oh	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
there	O


so	O
they	O
went	O
straight	O
on	O
home	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
hard	O
for	O
them	O


she	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
pain	O


but	O
she	O
did	O
have	O
a	O
heart	O
attack	O


oh	O
well	O
that	O
's	O
of	O
course	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
stroke	O
that	O
she	O
just	O
had	O
.	O


oh	O


%uh	O


yeah	O


I	O
tell	O
you	O


it	O
's	O
just	O
been	O
one	O
thing	O
after	O
another	O


and	O
as	O
soon	O
she	O
has	O
gotten	O
over	O
one	O
she	O
's	O
just	O
hit	O
with	O
something	O
else	O


but	O
when	O
you	O
talk	O
to	O
her	O
she	O
's	O
just	O
wonderful	O
you	O
know	O


she	O
just	O
really	O
tries	O
to	O
keep	O
her	O
spirits	O
up	O
and	O
tries	O
to	O
help	O
everybody	O
else	O
.	O


her	O
kids	O
have	O
been	O
great	O


and	O
Jackie	O
has	O
been	O
great	O


poor	O


Jackie	B-PERSON
did	O
get	O
to	O
Atlantic	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
for	O
a	O
month	B-DATE
.	O


She	O
had	O
rented	O
a	O
place	O
there	O
.	O


oh	O


yeah	O


so	O
she	O
had	O
a	O
good	O
month	O


that	O
's	O
good	O


It	O
was	O
n't	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
that	O
%uh	O
Pearl	B-PERSON
was	O
n't	O
feeling	O
so	O
well	O
again	O
.	O


oh	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
stinky	O
!	O


It	O
is	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
just	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
had	O
a	O
very	O
stinky	O
%um	O


We	O
're	O
fine	O


yeah	O


but	O
we	O
've	O
had	O
so	O
many	O
friends	O
actually	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
part	O
of	O
what	O
has	O
occupied	O
me	O
since	O
really	O
really	O
April	O
I	O
think	O
whatever	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
Real-	O
Seder	O


yeah	O


You	O
probably	O
even	O
remember	O
him	O
.	O


Remember	O
our	O
friend	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Bryner	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
's	O
a	O
judge	O


he	O
has	O
white	O
hair	O


he	O
's	O
just	O
absolutely	O
charming	O
guy	O


mhm	O
mhm	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
that	O
I	O
do	O
remember	O


oh	O


and	O
%uh	O
he	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
biking	O
group	O


uh-huh	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
had	O
a	O
bad	O
bike	O
accident	O
%um	O


really	O


but	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
bad	O
bike	O
accident	O
or	O
a	O
major	O
stroke	O
that	O
uh-huh	O
created	O
a	O
bi-	O


but	O
he	O
nearly	O
died	O


we	O
spent	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
time	O
there	O


he	O
was	O


oh	O


you	O
know	O
if	O


right	O
after	O
the	O
accident	O
?	O


yeah	O


then	O
I	O
mean	O
the	O
accident	O
nearly	O
killed	O
him	O


oh	O
God	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
still	O
in	O
a	O
rehabilitation	O
oh	O
really	O
hospital	O
did	O
n't	O
die	O


but	O
he	O
's	O
paralysed	O
on	O
one	O
side	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
oh	O
God	O
half	O
blind	O


and	O
he	O


oh	O
what	O
a	O
shame	O


is	O
he	O
about	O
Bob	B-PERSON
's	O
age	O
?	O


and	O
so	O
that	O


yeah	O


and	O
it	O


I	O
mean	O


really	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
friend	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
horrible	O


yeah	O


really	O


oh	O


and	O
his	O
mind	O
seems	O
I	O
mean	O
to	O
be	O
back	O
almost	O
which	O
is	O
oh	O
yeah	O
yeah	O
wonderful	O


but	O
that	O
was	O
awful	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
have	O
%uh	O
%huh	O
another	O
friend	O
%uh	O
who	O
was	O
also	O
at	O
the	O
party	O
%mm	O
who	O
just	O
%um	O
got	O
%uh	O
a	O
cancer	O
that	O
is	O
so	O
rare	O
%huh	O
she	O
's	O
the	O
only	O
case	O
in	O
Marin	B-GPE
that	O
they	O
have	O
of	O
%uh	O


it	O
's	O
vaginal	O
cancer	O


oh	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
inoperable	O


and	O
so	O


%huh	O


what	O
a	O
shame	O


I	O
took	O
her	O
for	O
some	O
radiation	O
and	O
took	O
her	O
some	O
food	O


and	O
then	O
we	O
've	O
had	O
several	O
friends	O
die	O


I	O
had	O
a	O
friend	O
oh	O
God	O
you	O
're	O
too	O
young	O
whose	O
child	O
was	O
killed	O


Your	O
age	O
group	O
is	O
too	O
young	O
for	O
all	O
that	O
.	O


%ah	O
.	O
It	O
has	O
been	O
horrific	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
my	O
friends	O
in	O
Philadel-	O


one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
reasons	O
I	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
uh-huh	O
in	O
October	B-DATE
is	O
%um	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
my	O
friend	O
's	O
sons	O
was	O
killed	O
in	O
an	O
automobile	O
accident	O
%um	O


gee	O


This	O
has	O
all	O
been	O
in	O
like	O
three	B-CARDINAL
or	O
four	B-DATE
months	I-DATE


and	O
That	O
's	O
too	O
bad	O
.	O
it	O
feels	O
too	O
soon	O
except	O
maybe	O
this	O
is	O
just	O
%um	O


but	O
I	O
was	O
thinking	O
about	O
it	O
because	O
I	O
even	O
thought	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
write	O
about	O
it	O
because	O
I	O
thought	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
word	O
for	O


yeah	O


oh	O


you	O
know	O
when	O
people	O
say	O
how	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


yeah	O
yeah	O


and	O
it	O
really	O


everything	O
has	O
been	O
fine	O
for	O
us	O


yeah	O
thank	O
God	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


but	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
so	O
depre-	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
just	O
feels	O
like	O
all	O
these	O
people	O
I	O
love	O
are	O
oh	O
I	O
know	O
I	O
know	O
.	O
I	O
know	O
in	O
terrible	O
shape	O


and	O
%uh	O


%uh	O
sorry	O
to	O
hear	O
that	O


but	O
then	O
you	O
just	O
have	O
to	O
count	O
your	O
blessings	O
and	O
make	O
every	O
day	O
count	O
.	O


Yes	O


that	O
's	O
all	O
I	O
've	O
ever	O


one	O
never	O
knows	O


yeah	O


No	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
sen-	O


So	O
for	O
us	O
we	O
are	O
having	O
oh	O
good	O
wonder-	O


first	O
of	O
all	O
Jonathan	B-PERSON
who	O
has	O
waited	O
eight	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
uh-huh	O
to	O
hear	O
about	O
a	O
job	O
and	O
was	O


yes	O


he	O
's	O
just	O
Thursday	B-DATE
found	O
out	O
he	O
has	O
the	O
job	O


so	O
oh	O
that	O
's	O
good	O
both	O
of	O
my	O
sons	O
are	O
employed	O
which	O
is	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
good	O


oh	O
well	O
Matt	B-PERSON


Is	O
Matt	B-PERSON
through	O
school	O
?	O


No	O
,	O


actually	O
he	O
's	O
on	O
a	O
summer	O
internship	O
with	O
Deloitte	B-ORG
Touche	I-ORG


and	O
he	O
is	O
%um	O


oh	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


Is	O
he	O
back	O
in	O
California	B-GPE
?	O


yeah	O
he	O
's	O
supposedly	O


actually	O
he	O
's	O
in	O
the	O
house	O
right	O
now	O


but	O
uh-huh	O
He	O
's	O
supposedly	O
living	O
here	O
for	O
the	O
summer	O


but	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
the	O
work	O
he	O
's	O
doing	O
is	O
outside	O
of	O
Sacramento	B-GPE
somewhere	O


oh	O


so	O
he	O
's	O
really	O
there	O
all	O
week	O


yeah	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
nice	O
to	O
have	O
him	O
around	O
again	O


yeah	O


and	O
then	O
he	O
blitzes	O
out	O
every	O
so	O
often	O


he	O
's	O
been	O


they	O
're	O
paying	O
him	O
too	O
much	O
oh	O
for	O
the	O
summer	O


oh	O


and	O
so	O
he	O
went	O
to	O
New	O
York	O
for	O
a	O
party	O
last	B-DATE
week-	I-DATE


oh	O


L	B-GPE
A	I-GPE
for	O
something	O
.	O


Next	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
Mexico	B-GPE
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O


oh	O
wow	O


oh	O
wow	O


and	O
we	O
're	O
hoping	O
they	O
'll	O
offer	O
him	O
a	O
job	O
.	O


he	O
will	O
know	O
th-	O


oh	O
.	O


Well	O


but	O
he	O
has	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
though	O
another	O
year	O
does-	O
?	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


but	O
these	O
internships	O
are	O
really	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O


yeah	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
he	O
doing	O
?	O


Management	O
consulting	O
in	O
%um	O
th-	O


Wow	O
.	O


And	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
?	O


Deloitte	B-ORG
Touche	I-ORG


it	O
's	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
big	O
accounting	O
firms	O
except	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
have	O
Deloitte	B-ORG
Touche	I-ORG
Wow	O
developed	O
these	O
separate	O
wings	O
of	O
management	O
consultants	O
to	O
go	O
out	O
and	O


%uh	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
retooling	O
kind	O
of	O
of	O
uh-huh	O
Blue	B-ORG
Shield	I-ORG
of	O
California	B-GPE
that	O
wants	O
to	O
go	O
from	O
twelve	B-CARDINAL
offices	O
to	O
three	B-CARDINAL


something	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


oh	O


oh	O


So	O
they	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
logistic	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
and	O
how	O
you	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
having	O
a	O
really	O
good	O
time	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
it	O
sounds	O
that	O
way	O
.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
fun	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
now	O
and	O
then	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


is	O
he	O
enjoying	O
the	O
work	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
doing	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


at	O
first	O
it	O
completely	O
intimidated	O
him	O
because	O
oh	O
.	O
they	O
really	O
are	O
asking	O
him	O
to	O
research	O
a	O
rather	O
major	O
part	O
of	O
it	O


and	O
he	O
thought	O
oh	O
my	O
g-	O


he	O
said	O
it	O
felt	O
like	O
oh	O
.	O
being	O
suddenly	O
told	O
you	O
're	O
in	O
the	O
Olympics	B-EVENT
and	O
here	O
's	O
the	O
torch	O
and	O
get	O
it	O


oh	O


but	O
after	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
weeks	O
he	O
said	O
he	O
thought	O
he	O
understood	O
what	O
he	O
was	O
doing	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
good	O
.	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
done	O
wonderfully	O
in	O
school	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
how	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


I	O
'm	O
fine	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
very	O
fine	O
.	O


How	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
talked	O
to	O
you	O
in	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


I	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
talk	O
to	O
David	B-PERSON
almost	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


yeah	O


Is	O
n't	O
that	O
wild	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
it	O


there	O
's	O
really	O
no	O
difference	O
between	O
writing	O
a	O
letter	O
and	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
correspond	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
fact	O
,	O
what	O
I	O
do	O
is	O
I	O
sit	O
down	O
and	O
write	O
a	O
letter	O
at	O
my	O
own	O
leisure	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
word	O
processor	O


and	O
then	O
late	O
at	O
night	O
I	O
send	O
it	O
on	O
email	O
--	O


Right	O


--	O
and	O
there	O
's	O
really	O
no	O
reason	O
why	O
we	O
could	O
n't	O
have	O
written	O
letters	O
like	O
this	O
all	O
these	O
years	O
and	O
put	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
mailbox	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
what	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


there	O
's	O
something	O
about	O
this	O
that	O
's	O
easier	O
,	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
explain	O
it	O
.	O


That	O
you	O
find	O
the	O
email	O
is	O
easier	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


it	O
's	O
this	O
I	O
guess	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
no	O
different	O
except	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
out	O
and	O
get	O
stamps	O
and	O
put	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
mailbox	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
also	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
someone	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
reading	O
it	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
not	O
possibly	O
in	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


you	O
know	O
that	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
saying	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
heard	O
.	O


Sometimes	O
when	O
you	O
write	O
a	O
letter	O
you	O
figure	O
eventually	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
this	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
already	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
old	O
news	O


and	O
you	O
feel	O
like	O
you	O
're	O
really	O
communicating	O
with	O
email	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Kind	O
of	O
,	O


%eh	O
even	O
though	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
delay	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
cute	O
.	O


Also	O
I	O
get	O
a	O
kick	O
out	O
of	O
pressing	O
all	O
those	O
buttons	O
and	O
everything	O
.	O


So	O
tell	O
me	O
.	O


okay	O
,	O


first	O
what	O
you	O
have	O


to	O
start	O
off	O
tell	O
me	O
about	O
all	O
your	O
kids	O
.	O


Start	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O


Or	O
should	O
I	O


I	O
'll	O
start	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


Avi	O
is	O
very	O
cute	O
.	O


yeah	O


like	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
nine	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
already	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
my	O
God	O
.	O


Believe	O
it	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
he	O
doing	O
?	O


Tell	O
me	O
every-	O


He	O
's	O
only	O
like	O
seven	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
.	O


Right	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
truth	O
is	O
,	O
like	O
all	O
my	O
children	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
really	O
only	O
like	O
five	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
's	O
a	O
lump	O
on	O
a	O
log	O
.	O
I	O
would	O
be	O
surprised	O


oh	O
he	O
's	O
very	O
alert	O
,	O


he	O
's	O
very	O
alert	O
%um	O
and	O
very	O
responsive	O
and	O
laughs	O
and	O
eats	O
well	O
.	O


Hello	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
here	O
,	O


I	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
interrupt	O
because	O
I	O
hate	O
that	O
echo	O
thing	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


%ah	O
,	O
%uh	O
but	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
move	O
.	O


okay	O
,	O


well	O
that	O
's	O
normal	O
,	O


you	O
're	O
not	O
worried	O
about	O
that	O


That	O
's	O
all	O
your	O
kids	O


No	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
premature	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
getting	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
attention	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
go	O
to	O
physical	O
therapy	O
once	O
a	O
week	O
,	O


and	O
the	O
truth	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
learning	O
about	O
it	O
oh	O
because	O
I	O
spend	O
so	O
much	O
time	O
with	O
the	O
physical	O
therapist	O
is	O
that	O
all	O
my	O
kids	O
could	O
have	O
used	O
physical	O
therapy	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
.	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
we	O
could	O
all	O
use	O
physical	O
therapy	O
because	O
it	O
would	O
all	O
make	O
us	O
more	O
balanced	O
people	O
between	O
the	O
right	O
and	O
our	O
left	O
hemispheres	O


and	O
something	O
about	O
being	O
organized	O
internally	O
gets	O
you	O
organized	O
ext-	O


I	O
've	O
learned	O
a	O
lot	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


half	O
of	O
it	O
is	O
probably	O
baloney	O
,	O


but	O
if	O
any	O
of	O
it	O
's	O
true	O
they	O
all	O
needed	O
physical	O
therapy	O
.	O


At	O
a	O
very	O
young	O
age	O
.	O


oh	O
god	O
.	O


How	O
often	O
do	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
him	O
?	O


No	O


because	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
to	O
pl-	O


How	O
often	O
do	O
you	O
take	O
him	O
?	O


I	O
take	O
him	O
once	O
a	O
week	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
,	O


what	O
?	O


Once	O
a	O
week	O
.	O


Once	O
a	O
week	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


mhm	O


%um	O
and	O
,	O
%uh	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
like	O
to	O
play	O
on	O
his	O
stomach	O
,	O


he	O
only	O
likes	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
his	O
back	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


So	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
you	O
put	O
him	O
on	O
it	O
,	O
he	O
can	O
lift	O
his	O
head	O
and	O
everything	O


and	O
now	O
he	O
's	O
starting	O
to	O
extend	O
his	O
hands	O
out	O
even	O


Right	O


but	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
he	O
gets	O
that	O
toy	O
,	O
he	O
just	O
rolls	O
over	O
to	O
play	O
with	O
it	O
on	O
his	O
back	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


So	O
%uh	O
.	O


No	O
,	O


but	O
%uh	O
they	O
were	O
all	O
like	O
that	O
,	O
every	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
personally	O
it	O
has	O
anything	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
him	O
being	O
premature	O
?	O


Personally	O
,	O
no	O
.	O


mhm	O


No	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
hurt	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
see	O
.	O


Right	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
see	O
that	O
the	O
he-	O


no	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
helping	O


mhm	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
helping	O
him	O
be	O
more	O
,	O


he	O
's	O
advancing	O
better	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


Who	O
knows	O
?	O


And	O
physically	O
he	O
's	O
feeling	O
good	O
?	O


Do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


We	O
'll	O
find	O
out	O
.	O


Physically	O
he	O
's	O
fine	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
fine	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
fine	O
.	O


Fine	O
,	O
fine	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
sick	O
.	O
once	O
with	O
%um	O
an	O
ear	O
infection	O


and	O
once	O
he	O
got	O
this	O
cough	O


and	O
he	O
was	O
like	O
asthmatic	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
have	O
you	O
know	O
%eh	O
a	O
mask	O
thing	O
%hm	O
and	O
these	O
%eh	O
you	O
know	O


but	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O


no	O


at	O
home	O
,	O


nothing	O
serious	O
,	O


Right	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


%uh	O
but	O
%eh	O
because	O
those	O
things	O
usually	O
return	O
and	O
it	O
usually	O
is	O
a	O
condition	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
they	O
prepared	O
me	O
for	O
that	O
and	O
said	O
oh	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
but	O
because	O
millions	O
of	O
kids	O
here	O
have	O
it	O
Right	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
kids	O
and	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
Hagim	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
%uh	O
preemies	O
get	O
it	O
.	O


%hm	O


But	O
he	O
has	O
n't	O
had	O
another	O
attack	O
since	O
,	O


so	O
it	O
was	O
fair	O
to	O
assume	O
then	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
one	O
time	O
thing	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


And	O
how	O
did	O
the	O


They	O
said	O


Well	O
,	O
wait	O
.	O


How	O
do	O
the	O
kids	O
deal	O
with	O
him	O
?	O


Are	O
they	O
happy	O
with	O
him	O
?	O


Are	O
they	O
getting	O
jealous	O
of	O
him	O
?	O


Are	O
they	O
okay	O
?	O


oh	O
,	O
yeah	O
,	O


they	O
're	O
fine	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
big	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
%uh	O


Right	O
.	O


What	O
about	O
Jochanan	B-PERSON
?	O


At	O
the	O
beginning	O


Jochanan	B-PERSON
's	O
five	B-DATE
year's	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


Jochanan	B-PERSON
liked	O
him	O


Jochanan	O
liked	O
him	O
pretty	O
much	O
right	O
away	O
.	O


Everyone	O
you	O
know	O
they	O
invested	O
so	O
much	O
in	O
him	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
beginning	O
%um	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
as	O
if	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
novelty	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
waited	O
so	O
long	O
to	O
bring	O
him	O
home	O
.	O


mhm	O


Right	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
novelty	O
's	O
worn	O
off	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
good	O
.	O


Right	O


It	O
wore	O
off	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
ago	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
says	O
%uh	O
you	O
know	O
lots	O
of	O
people	O
have	O
babies	O
in	O
their	O
houses	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
just	O
another	O
family	O
with	O
a	O
baby	O
in	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
was	O
good	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
.	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
have	O
the	O
kids	O
in	O
the	O
house	O
?	O


Who	O
's	O
in	O
which	O
room	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
Uriel	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
room	O
before	O
Gabby	B-PERSON
came	O
home	O
.	O


Uriel	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
room	O
by	O
himself	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
Noam	B-PERSON
and	O
Jochanan	B-PERSON
shared	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


But	O
before	O
we	O
brought	O
the	O
baby	O
home	O
,	O
we	O
switched	O
it	O
,	O
because	O
Uriel	B-PERSON
's	O
room	O
was	O
like	O
a	O
bacteria	O
haven	O
.	O


when	O
I	O
was	O
up	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
few	O
weeks	O
before	O
we	O
brought	O
him	O
home	O


we	O
cleaned	O
out	O
the	O
room	O
to	O
switch	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
said	O
,	O
we	O
could	O
n't	O
put	O
any	O
baby	O
in	O
this	O
room	O
.	O


Poor	O
Noam	B-PERSON
got	O
him	O
back	O


and	O
Jochanan	B-PERSON
you	O
know	O
you	O
can	O
control	O
it	O
better	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
's	O
Jochanan	B-PERSON
and	O
Gabby	B-PERSON
and	O
Uriel	B-PERSON
and	O
Noam	B-PERSON
.	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
together	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
still	O
have	O
your	O
office	O
as	O
your	O
office	O
?	O


Right	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
sitting	O
in	O
it	O
right	O
now	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O


I	O
was	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
computer	O
actually	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
called	O
.	O


okay	O
,	O


and	O
so	O
what	O
's	O
with	O
your	O
working	O
?	O


What	O
's	O
your	O
new	O
working	O
thing	O
?	O


oh	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
not	O
talk	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
depressing	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
depressing	O
.	O


Is	O
it	O
depressing	O


or	O
is	O
it	O
give	O
you	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
anxiety	O
?	O


%mm	O
.	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
the	O
above	O
.	O
I	O
also	O
have	O
taboo	O
subjects	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
.	O


No	O
,	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
mind	O
talking	O
about	O
it	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
jam	O
it	O
into	O
fifteen	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
.	O


That	O
's	O
too	O
depressing	O
.	O


%um	O
.	O
Well	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
half	B-TIME
an	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
we	O
could	O
talk	O
for	O
half	B-TIME
an	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
,	O


it	O
's	O
just	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
guarantee	O
them	O
fifteen	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
,	O


so	O
,	O
%uh	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


But	O
then	O
David	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
call	O


No	O
,	O


he	O
has	O
his	O
own	O
number	O
.	O


The	O
thing	O
is	O


oh	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


oh	O


So	O
we	O
have	O
half	O
hour	O
for	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


we	O
have	O
a	O
half	O
an	O
hour	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
nothing	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
very	O
depressing	O
and	O
very	O
anxiety	O
-	O
ridden	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
that	O
summed	O
it	O
up	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
really	O
,	O
seriously	O
,	O
what	O
are	O
your	O
options	O
?	O


I	O
hate	O


well	O


Thorazine	B-PRODUCT
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
hate	O
being	O
home	O
,	O


I	O
hate	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
really	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
hate	O
being	O
home	O
.	O


You	O
hate	O
being	O
home	O
.	O


You	O
feel	O
like	O
you	O
want	O
more	O
people	O
interaction	O
?	O


%eh	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
lot	O
well	O
of	O


first	O
of	O
all	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
upset	O
about	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


mhm	O


I	O
'm	O
upset	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
'm	O
upset	O
,	O


I	O
was	O
n't	O
upset	O
so	O
much	O
when	O
it	O
happened	O
because	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
I	O
was	O
just	O
taking	O
everything	O
in	O
stride	O
and	O
everything	O
you	O
know	O


gomzila	O
tova	O


and	O
everything	O
will	O
be	O
okay	O
because	O
%eh	O
the	O
baby	O
was	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O


mhm	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
was	O
still	O
recovering	O
from	O
a	O


Well	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
working	O
at	O
all	O
now	O
?	O


Like	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
really	O
hard	O
experience	O


Are	O
you	O
not	O
working	O
at	O


I	O
'm	O
working	O
on	O


Go	O
on	O


No	O
,	O


I	O
heard	O
you	O
.	O


there	O
is	O
a	O
terrible	O
**thingy**	O
a	O
delay	O
.	O


%um	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
working	O
on	O
my	O
own	O
,	O
some	O
private	O
projects	O
.	O
Yes	O
Right	O
mhm	O
.	O
%um	O
,	O
which	O
I	O
enjoy	O
,	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
enou-	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
I	O
have	O
the	O
mindset	O
to	O
be	O
%um	O
independent	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
employee	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
more	O
suitable	O
to	O
my	O
personality	O
and	O
to	O


it	O
's	O
my	O
personality	O
professionally	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
financially	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
think	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
manage	O
money	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
better	O
.	O


You	O
like	O
getting	O
that	O
paycheck	O
once	O
a	O
week	O
and	O
not	O
just	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
a	O
project	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


It	O
's	O


Right	O
.	O


I	O
enjoy	O
the	O
flexibility	O
of	O
working	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
working	O
when	O
I	O
want	O
,	O
things	O
like	O
that	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
enjoy	O
the	O
pressure	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


Like	O
you	O
can	O


It	O
's	O
always	O
hanging	O
over	O
your	O
head	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


With	O
i-	O


and	O
I	O
have	O
no	O
problem	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
ignoring	O
the	O
laundry	O
--	O
Right	O
.	O
--	O
and	O
ignoring	O
the	O
kids	O
and	O
working	O
,	O


I	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
,	O


it	O
's	O
just	O
not	O
suitable	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
it	O
for	O
a	O
while	O


and	O
I	O
hated	O
it	O
also	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
my	O
kids	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
.	O
I	O
absolutely	O
hated	O
it	O
because	O
like	O
I	O
would	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
like	O
changing	O
a	O
kid	O
's	O
diaper	O
and	O
the	O
phone	O
would	O
ring	O
and	O
it	O
would	O
you	O
know	O
be	O
a	O
business	O
thing	O
and	O


Could	O
be	O
a	O
client	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


Right	O


right	O


and	O
like	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
act	O
mature	O
,	O


your	O
kids	O
are	O
screaming	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
room	O


and	O
you	O
like	O
have	O
to	O
pretend	O
that	O
nothing	O
's	O
go-	O
you	O
know	O


and	O
you	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
room	O
,	O
settling	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O


but	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
drop	O
everything	O
whenever	O
,	O


you	O
never	O
know	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
bomb	O
waiting	O
to	O
go	O
off	O
always	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
can	O
never	O
relax	O
.	O


Right	O


and	O
I	O
'd	O
rather	O
not	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
room	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
rather	O
just	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
with	O
the	O
client	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
also	O
can	O
never	O
relax	O
,	O
because	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
you	O
sit	O
down	O
to	O
read	O
a	O
book	O
or	O
do	O
anything	O
you	O
're	O
thinking	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
I	O
really	O
should	O
be	O
doing	O
this	O
or	O
you	O
know	O
whatever	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
that	O
problem	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
steady	O
flow	O
of	O
work	O
,	O
either	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


It	O
comes	O


and	O
it	O
goes	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
that	O
many	O
things	O


and	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
wait	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
refer	O
them	O


and	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
get	O
them	O


and	O
as	O
many	O
times	O
as	O
I	O
go	O
over	O
every	O
decision	O
that	O
I	O
made	O
along	O
the	O
way	O
even	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
every	O
decision	O
was	O
the	O
right	O
decision	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
anything	O
I	O
did	O
,	O
you	O
know	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
we	O
had	O
this	O
great	O
master	O
plan	O
%mm	O
a	O
few	O
years	O
ago	O
that	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
working	O
at	O
the	O
consulting	O
company	O
and	O
doing	O
freelance	O
projects	O
at	O
night	O
mhm	O
.	O
and	O
going	O
a	O
little	O
crazy	O
because	O
with	O
three	B-CARDINAL
kids	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
commuting	O
%uh	O
three	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
a	O
day	O
really	O
it	O
was	O
hard	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
give	O
it	O
up	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
so	O
much	O
the	O
money	O
it	O
was	O
I	O
was	O
trying	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
this	O
was	O
something	O
I	O
could	O
really	O
do	O
.	O
mhm	O
.	O
mhm	O
.	O
If	O
I	O
liked	O
it	O
and	O
if	O
I	O
was	O
good	O
at	O
it	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


and	O
when	O
we	O
wanted	O
to	O
have	O
another	O
baby	O
mhm	O
and	O
we	O
figured	O


oh	O
you	O
know	O
and	O
Phil	B-PERSON
wanted	O
to	O
work	O
more	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
to	O
invest	O
more	O
in	O
his	O
career	O


Right	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
we	O
figured	O
our	O
plan	O
,	O


all	O
the	O
best	O
laid	O
plans	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


mhm	O


and	O
the	O
truth	O
is	O
our	O
plans	O
came	O
better	O
than	O
they	O
could	O
've	O
.	O


%mm	O
%mm	O


They	O
would	O
have	O
if	O
we	O
wanted	O
to	O
have	O
another	O
baby	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
%um	O
what	O
's	O
it	O
called	O
,	O
a	O
maternity	O
leave	O
,	O


that	O
I	O
would	O
take	O
an	O
extended	O
one	O
because	O
I	O
had	O
been	O
at	O
this	O
job	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
when	O
I	O
would	O
try	O
to	O
freelance	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
and	O
see	O
and	O
feel	O
my	O
oats	O
in	O
this	O


but	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
job	O
waiting	O
for	O
me	O
if	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
like	O
it	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


You	O
know	O


so	O
Sure	O
.	O
I	O
get	O
that	O
plus	O
%uh	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
day	O
a	O
week	O
.	O


Plus	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
live	O
modestly	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


how	O
well	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
this	O
is	O
my	O
theory	O
too	O
to	O
live	O
modestly	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Like	O
wearing	O
one	O
dress	O
.	O


I	O
still	O
have	O
a	O
dress	O
to	O
%uh	O
Micky	B-PERSON
's	O
bar	O
mitzvah	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
which	O
is	O
%uh	O
twelve	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
still	O
wearing	O
the	O
dress	O
.	O


yeah	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
%uh	O
someone	O
saw	O
me	O
in	O
the	O
dress	O
not	O
long	O
ago	O
and	O
said	O
oh	O
what	O
a	O
beautiful	O
dress	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
looked	O
at	O
her	O


and	O
I	O
said	O
oh	O
you	O
are	O
so	O
right	O
.	O


She	O
should	O
just	O
know	O
%huh	O


I	O
would	O
n't	O
admit	O


I	O
would	O
n't	O
admit	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
you	O
're	O
still	O
busy	O
with	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
volunteer	O
work	O
.	O


oh	O
yes	O


yeah	O


all	O
the	O
volunteer	O
stuff	O
I	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
--	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
--	O
active	O
with	O
a	O
state	O
group	O
that	O
's	O
trying	O
to	O
work	O
for	O
a	O
universal	O
single	O
pair	O
health	O
plan	O
mhm	O
--	O
on	O
a	O
state	O
level	O


and	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
nice	O
young	O
Jewish	B-NORP
legislator	O
who	O
is	O
%uh	O
going	O
to	O
put	O
in	O
a	O
bill	O
for	O
us	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


We	O
wo	O
n't	O
get	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
Republican	B-NORP
dominated	O
legislature	O
that	O
is	O
%uh	O
cutting	O
off	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
services	O
for	O
ordinary	O
people	O
.	O


Sure	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
business	O
oriented	O
.	O


And	O
%uh	O
I	O
work	O
with	O
another	O
group	O
that	O
's	O
always	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
jobs	O
for	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
laid	O
off	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
women	O
's	O
international	O
league	O
for	O
peace	O
and	O
freedom	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
a	O
member	O
for	O
years	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
really	O
very	O
active	O


but	O
oh	O
about	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
%uh	O
they	O
decided	O
%um	O
they	O
wanted	O


it	O
was	O
the	O
seventy	O
fifth	O
anniversary	O


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
special	O


so	O
I	O
put	O
together	O
%uh	O


they	O
had	O
had	O
a	O
play	O
about	O
their	O
own	O
history	O
%uh	O
some	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
before	I-DATE


so	O
I	O
took	O
and	O
updated	O
it	O
and	O
you	O
know	O
cut	O
out	O
--	O
Sure	O
sure	O
.	O
--	O
some	O
stuff	O


and	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
.	O


So	O
now	O
I	O
'm	O
the	O
playwright	O


so	O
now	O
for	O
the	O
eightieth	B-ORDINAL
--	O
--	O
they	O
want	O
me	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
a	O
little	O
differently	O
this	O
time	O


so	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
that	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
it	O
sitting	O
here	O


so	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
ignore	O
it	O


but	O
I	O
really	O


Sure	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
my	O
expertise	O
in	O
any	O
way	O
shape	O
or	O
form	O


But	O
yeah	O
yeah	O
.	O
They	O
're	O
making	O
it	O
your	O
expertise	O
right	O
.	O


So	O
anyway	O


but	O
it	O
'll	O
be	O
fun	O
you	O
know	O
to	O
put	O
that	O
together	O
.	O


Sure	O
sure	O
sure	O


And	O
%uh	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
%um	O


last	O
weekend	O
%uh	O
Lida	B-PERSON
and	O
Irv	B-PERSON
Teisher	I-PERSON
were	O
in	O
town	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


%uh	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
son	O
who	O
is	O
the	O
%uh	O


I	O
guess	O
he	O
buys	O
the	O
books	O
for	O
%uh	O
something	O
called	O
Borders	B-ORG
which	O
is	O
a	O
bookstore	O
that	O
car-	O


Yes	O


we	O
have	O
it	O
here	O
too	O
.	O


%ah	O
okay	O


but	O
%mm	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
started	O
in	O
Ann	B-GPE
Arbor	I-GPE
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
the	O
purchaser	O
for	O
the	O
outfit	O
.	O


%mm	O
.	O


well	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
three	B-CARDINAL
or	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
at	O
least	O
but	O
they	O
you	O
know	O
occasionally	O
come	O
in	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
and	O
his	O
wife	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
they	O
spent	O
three	B-CARDINAL
or	O
four	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
in	O
Ann	B-GPE
Arbor	I-GPE


and	O


oh	O
he	O
lives	O
in	O
Ann	B-GPE
Arbor	I-GPE


is	O
that	O
it	O
?	O


yeah	O


that	O
's	O
the	O
home	O
base	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


Home	O
base	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
%uh	O
%uh	O
Lida	B-PERSON
and	O
Irv	B-PERSON
still	O
have	O
some	O
very	O
good	O
friends	O
from	O
the	O
years	O
when	O
they	O
lived	O
here	O
.	O


Sure	O
.	O


Sure	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
stayed	O
with	O
them	O
I	O
guess	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
nights	O


mhm	O
.	O


and	O
they	O
invited	O
in	O
most	O
of	O
their	O
old	O
friends	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
the	O
only	O
relative	O
around	O
really	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
they	O
remember	O
.	O


oh	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
remember	O
your	O
brother	O
.	O


Well	O
they	O
know	O
he	O
exists	O


but	O


but	O
that	O
's	O
it	O
.	O


yeah	O


you	O
know	O
they	O
were	O
never	O
%uh	O


Well	O
how	O
do	O
they	O
look	O
physically	O
?	O


Great	O
.	O


Is	O
that	O
so	O
?	O


Absolutely	O
great	O
.	O


Some	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
Irv	B-PERSON
had	O
a	O
major	O
heart	O
attack	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
apparently	O
he	O
's	O
just	O
done	O
everything	O
right	O
because	O
he	O
said	O


let	O
me	O
think	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
eighty	B-CARDINAL
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


oh	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
either	O
seventy	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
nine	I-CARDINAL
or	O
eighty	B-CARDINAL
.	O


I	O


Eighty	B-CARDINAL
.	O


yeah	O


and	O
he	O
looks	O
great	O
.	O


She	O
still	O
plays	O
tennis	O
.	O


ooh	O
that	O
's	O
wonderful	O
.	O


%uh	O
I	O
've	O
seen	O
her	O
just	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
times	O
through	O
the	O
years	O
.	O


Seemed	O
to	O
me	O
she	O
was	O
a	O
little	O
slimmer	O
than	O
I	O
remember	O
.	O


%uh	O
you	O
know	O
she	O
's	O
still	O
not	O
a	O
thin	O
person	O


but	O
she	O
looks	O
good	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


%um	O
you	O
know	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
telling	O
us	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
they	O
live	O
in	O
a	O
suburb	O
of	O
Minneapolis	B-GPE
.	O


mhm	O
.	O
mhm	O
.	O


And	O
anyway	O


so	O
they	O
really	O
look	O
good	O
.	O


And	O
did	O
they	O
mention	O
their	O
other	O
children	O
?	O


the	O
oldest	O
is	O
a	O
daughter	O
named	O
Elsa	B-PERSON


mhm	O
.	O


%uh	O
%eh	O
she	O
lives	O
in	O
Tucson	B-GPE
where	O
George	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
lives	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
's	O
a	O
nurse	O


and	O
apparently	O
she	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
has	O
been	O
the	O
head	O
pediatric	O
nurse	O
at	O
the	O
hospital	O
where	O
she	O
is	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
Irv	O
was	O
telling	O
me	O
that	O
she	O
always	O
said	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
being	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
anything	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Once	O
they	O
put	O
her	O
in	O
charge	O
she	O
says	O
now	O
she	O
wants	O
it	O


She	O
loves	O
it	O
.	O


Well	O
now	O
she	O
wants	O
it	O
all	O
.	O


She	O
wants	O
to	O
do	O
more	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
he	O
was	O
laughing	O
about	O
it	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


She	O
's	O
married	O
I	O
presume	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O


she	O
has	O
a	O
half	O
dozen	O
kids	O
.	O


oh	O
really	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


oh	O
a	O
big	O
family	O
.	O


yeah	O


she	O


either	O
five	B-CARDINAL
or	O
six	B-CARDINAL


I	O
forget	O
.	O


gee	O


She	O
had	O
a	O
big	O
family	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


And	O
her	O
oldest	O
is	O
just	O
starting	O
college	O


I	O
'm	O
trying	O
to	O
think	O
where	O
.	O


She	O
got	O
a	O
scholarship	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
somewhere	O
in	O
the	O
east	O


The	O
oldest	O
is	O
just	O
starting	O
college	O
?	O


That	O
's	O
Elsa	B-PERSON
's	O
oldest	O


in	O
other	O
words	O
Lida	B-PERSON
and	O
Irv	B-PERSON
's	O
daughter	O
.	O


oh	O
grandson	O


I	O
see	O


that	O
's	O
different	O
uh-huh	O
.	O


yeah	O


i-	O


yeah	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
granddaughter	O
.	O


The	O
granddaughter	O
uh-huh	O


yeah	O


she	O


and	O
what	O
does	O
her	O
husband	O
do	O


do	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


Elsa	B-PERSON
's	O
?	O


Yes	O
.	O


No	O


%uh	O
the	O
couple	O
of	O
times	O
that	O
I	O
%uh	O
went	O
to	O
Tucson	B-GPE
%uh	O
she	O
would	O
come	O
you	O
know	O
when	O
they	O
would	O
invite	O
relatives	O
in	O
like	O
their	O
kids	O
that	O
live	O
there	O


Yes	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
they	O
'd	O
always	O
invite	O
Elsa	B-PERSON


one	O
year	O
in	O
fact	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
there	O
Lida	B-PERSON
and	O
Irv	B-PERSON
were	O


they	O
spend	O
a	O
month	O
in	O
Tucson	B-GPE
every	O
year	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
February	B-DATE
you	O
know	O
the	O
worst	O
of	O
the	O
winter	O
.	O


Sure	O
.	O


oh	O
the	O
worst	O
of	O
the	O
winter	O
right	O
.	O


yeah	O


and	O
%um	O
I	O
know	O
I	O
've	O
met	O
her	O
each	O
time	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
be	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
a	O
salesman	O
because	O
both	O
times	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
Texas	B-GPE
which	O
is	O
n't	O
far	O
you	O
know	O
mhm	O
.	O
mhm	O
mhm	O
.	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
in	O
that	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Sure	O


right	O


I	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
close	O
.	O


%um	O
but	O
always	O
on	O
business	O


and	O
I	O
remember	O
they	O
told	O
me	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
gone	O
a	O
lot	O
so	O
you	O
know	O
he	O
's	O
in	O
and	O
out	O
but	O
that	O
she	O
manages	O
very	O
well	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O
mhm	O


They	O
all	O
felt	O
she	O
was	O
just	O
a	O
great	O
mother	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
way	O
she	O
took	O
care	O
of	O
her	O
kids	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
wonderful	O


%uh	O
you	O
know	O
%uh	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
learn	O
a	O
lot	O
when	O
you	O
have	O
such	O
a	O
big	O
family	O


you	O
learn	O
how	O
to	O
juggle	O
it	O
around	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


really	O
.	O


really	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
apparently	O
she	O


%uh	O
%eh	O
my	O
impression	O
is	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
wealthy	O
you	O
know	O


in	O
fact	O
I	O
got	O
the	O
impression	O
they	O
were	O
struggling	O
just	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
%uh	O
that	O
's	O
Elsa	B-PERSON
and	O
her	O
husband	O
when	O
the	O
babies	O
were	O
little	O


Well	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
big	O
family	O
like	O
that	O
right	O
.	O


yeah	O


and	O
she	O
could	O
n't	O
have	O
been	O
working	O
very	O
much	O
at	O
that	O
point	O
if	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


Either	O


right	O
right	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
probably	O
one	O
%uh	O
income	O
just	O
you	O
know	O
was	O
making	O
it	O


%eh	O
makes	O
it	O
hard	O
of	O
course	O
.	O


yeah	O


you	O
know	O
.	O


Now	O
is	O
n't	O
there	O
another	O
daughter	O


or	O
do	O
n't	O


is	O
it	O
another	O
daughter	O
or	O
another	O
son	O
?	O


oh	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
either	O


What	O
's	O
there	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
only	O
met	O
those	O
two	B-CARDINAL


but	O
you	O
're	O
right	O


there	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
other	O
chil-	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
seems	O
to	O
me	O
another	O
child	O
.	O


%uh	O
I	O
'm	O
positive	O
you	O
're	O
right	O


%eh	O
it	O
just	O
registered	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


it	O
seems	O
to	O
me	O
they	O
may	O
even	O
have	O
said	O
something	O
about	O
him	O


but	O
I	O
never	O
met	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
one	O


so	O
you	O
know	O
mhm	O
.	O
mhm	O
.	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
stick	O
with	O
me	O
whatever	O
they	O
said	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
nice	O
to	O
see	O
family	O
you	O
know	O
%uh	O
over	O
the	O
years	O


it	O
's	O
very	O
interesting	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Is	O
n't	O
it	O
?	O


mhm	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
ever	O
see	O
Abe	B-PERSON
?	O


He	O
also	O
lives	O
in	O
Ann	B-GPE
Arbor	I-GPE
.	O


He	O
's	O
very	O
sick	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
major	O
surgery	O
four	B-CARDINAL
or	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE


and	O
he	O
walked	O
around	O
That	O
I	O
remember	O
.	O
yeah	O
.	O
yeah	O
like	O
a	O
walking	O
skeleton	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
only	O
time	O
I	O
see	O
him	O
now	O
is	O
if	O
I	O
call	O
and	O
ask	O
them	O
to	O
come	O


mhm	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
now	O
that	O
you	O
mention	O
it	O


it	O
's	O
been	O
about	O
a	O
year	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Before	O
you	O
know	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
still	O
quite	O
well	O
he	O
would	O
occasionally	O
drop	O
in	O
mhm	O
.	O
because	O
their	O
daughter	O
lives	O
mhm	O
.	O
I	O
think	O
actually	O
on	O
the	O
eastern	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


y-	O


Not	O
in	O
Detroit	B-GPE
but	O
you	O
know	O


it	O
's	O
not	O
Warren	B-GPE


Sterling	B-GPE
Heights	I-GPE


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


something	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


oh	O


So	O
if	O
he	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
visit	O
her	O
he	O
would	O
you	O
know	O
occasionally	O
stop	O
in	O
here	O
on	O
his	O
way	O
home	O
.	O


Sure	O
.	O


Sure	O
.	O


But	O
since	O
he	O
's	O
been	O
ill	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
that	O


their	O
daughter	O
is	O
Linda	B-PERSON


Yes	O


yes	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
whether	O
she	O
got	O
married	O
or	O
she	O
's	O
just	O
been	O
living	O
with	O
this	O
man	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
while	O


but	O
they	O
tell	O
me	O
he	O
works	O
at	O
Chrysler	B-ORG


and	O
he	O
makes	O
nice	O
money	O


and	O
they	O
seem	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
very	O
nice	O
home	O
mhm	O
.	O
mhm	O
.	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


Well	O
that	O
's	O
good	O
.	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


You	O
know	O
considering	O
everything	O
I	O
say	O
that	O
's	O
good	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


a-	O


So	O
we	O
took	O
care	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Now	O
%uh	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
your	O
children	O
yet	O
.	O


Well	O
%uh	O
I	O
still	O
have	O
two	B-CARDINAL
in	O
San	B-GPE
Jose	I-GPE
.	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
'm	O
so	O
angry	O
at	O
you	O


you	O
send	O
me	O
a	O
card	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


you	O
never	O
send	O
me	O
an	O
address	O
or	O
a	O
telephone	O
number	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
to	O
respond	O
.	O


%ah	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
left	O
stymied	O


and	O
I	O
read	O
it	O
and	O
read	O
it	O


and	O
I	O
say	O
why	O
did	O
n't	O
she	O
give	O
me	O
a	O
telephone	O
number	O


I	O
'd	O
call	O
her	O
back	O
.	O


yeah	O


I	O
never	O
even	O
think	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
next	O
time	O
.	O


yeah	O


now	O
that	O
you	O
said	O
it	O
I	O
sure	O
will	O
.	O


Sure	O
it	O
's	O
the	O


%uh	O
get	O
me	O
a	O
telephone	O
number	O
on	O
that	O
card	O
so	O
I	O
can	O
call	O
you	O
back	O


All	O
right	O
.	O


You	O
go	O
there	O
.	O


You	O
go	O
there	O
f-	O
%uh	O


do	O
n't	O
you	O
start	O
a	O


Well	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
the-	O


once	O
a	O
year	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
still	O
have	O
just	O
one	B-CARDINAL
daughter	O
?	O


Yes	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
probably	O
all	O
because	O
%um	O
I	O
think	O
Carl	B-PERSON
feels	O
like	O
people	O
like	O
me	O
overpopulate	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
three	B-CARDINAL
sons	O
now	O
.	O


Really	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


gosh	O


And	O


%uh	O
All	O
boys	O
?	O


Yes	O
.	O


No	O
girls	O
.	O


oh	O
my	O
gosh	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
so	O
interesting	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
%ah	O
Jasmine	B-PERSON
and	O
Sophie	B-PERSON
are	O
taking	O
swimming	O
classes	O
with	O
Winston	B-PERSON


oh	O
,	O
are	O
they	O
?	O
yeah	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
was	O
thinking	O
of	O
asking	O
him	O
for	O
your	O
address	O


and	O
I	O
thought	O
no	O
he	O
's	O
so	O
forgetful	O


he	O
'll	O
never	O
remember	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
worth	O
it	O


Well	O
he	O
never	O
would	O


or	O
you	O
know	O
he	O
would	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
get	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
used	O
to	O
call	O
him	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
just	O
Winston	B-PERSON


I	O
know	O


you	O
know	O
?	O


I	O
used	O
to	O
call	O
him	O
every	O
once	O
in	O
a	O
while	O


but	O
their	O
niece	O
like	O
I	O
think	O
she	O
's	O
the	O
oldest	O
Really	O
?	O
uh-huh	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
kids	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
you	O
know	O
much	O
about	O
the	O
family	O
but	O
the	O
one	O
whose	O
father	O
got	O
killed	O
in	O
Nicaragua	B-GPE
fighting	O


but	O
anyway	O
%um	O
No	O
.	O
she	O
was	O
living	O
in	O
the	O
house	O


and	O
she	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


all	O
I	O
know	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
she	O
would	O
've	O
been	O
this	O
way	O
if	O
she	O
had	O
n't	O
had	O
all	O
the	O
problems	O
she	O
had	O
in	O
her	O
life	O


but	O
she	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
a	O
goofball	O


and	O
she	O
ran	O
up	O
such	O
big	O
bills	O
that	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
they	O
've	O
had	O
a	O
phone	O
for	O
a	O
whole	O
year	O
because	O
he	O
ca	O
n't	O
pay	O
them	O
off	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
she	O
's	O
still	O
living	O
there	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
can	O
give	O
you	O
my	O
address	O


yeah	O


Wow	O


%huh	O


yeah	O


I	O
'd	O
%uh	O


yeah	O


I	O
'm	O
so	O
gla-	O


you	O
know	O
how	O
I	O
have	O
your	O
number	O
?	O


I	O


I	O
was	O
wondering	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


You	O
talked	O
to	O
Dunya	B-PERSON


No	O


no	O


well	O
I	O
did	O
talk	O
to	O
Dunya	B-PERSON


but	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
give	O


well	O
actually	O
she	O
was	O
n't	O
there	O
the	O
day	O
I	O
called	O


I	O
talked	O
to	O
Ralph	B-PERSON


but	O
%um	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
Honduras	B-GPE
which	O
is	O
nearing	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O
It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
in	O
January	B-DATE
.	O
%um	O
I	O
saw	O
your	O
husband	O
as	O
I	O
was	O
leaving	O
the	O
airport	O


and	O
i-	O
had	O
my	O
billfold	O
out	O


and	O
he	O
wrote	O
it	O
on	O
this	O
little	O
pad	O
in	O
my	O
billfold	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
things	O


but	O
I	O
still	O
have	O
that	O


oh	O
my	O
gosh	O


So	O
I	O
thought	O
well	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
advantage	O
of	O
it	O
.	O
So	O
%ah	O
and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
remember	O
him	O
telling	O
me	O
that	O
he	O
saw	O
you	O
.	O


oh	O
he	O
probably	O
spaced	O
it	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
work	O
project	O
or	O
something	O
maybe	O
where	O
you	O


picking	O
up	O
people	O
from	O
Peace	B-ORG
Corps	I-ORG
probably	O


yeah	O


Something	O
like	O
that	O


yeah	O


but	O
that	O
was	O
right	O
af-	O


I	O
mean	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
ago	O


that	O
was	O
right	O
after	O
%um	O
the	O
change	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
down	O
because	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


%huh	O


So	O
anyway	O


So	O
three	O
boys	O
,	O
Barb	B-PERSON
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


My	O
hands	O
are	O
so	O
full	O


yeah	O


I	O
remember	O
you	O
said	O
last	O
time	O
that	O
the	O
doctor	O
said	O
that	O
you	O
had	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
baby	O
because	O
of	O
your	O
ovaries	O
or	O
whatever	O
just	O
to	O
keep	O
everything	O
in	O
order	O


Well	O
if	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
child	O
I	O
should	O
do	O
it	O
you	O
know	O


and	O
so	O
that	O
pushed	O
me	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
baby	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
create	O
problems	O


but	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
have	O
one	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
time	O


and	O
it	O
actually	O
so	O
you	O
went	O
all	O
out	O
oh	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
it	O
was	O
did	O
turn	O
everything	O
around	O
for	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
it	O
works	O
that	O
way	O
for	O
everybody	O


but	O
those	O
hormones	O
kind	O
of	O
took	O
care	O
of	O
the	O
problems	O
I	O
was	O
having	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
starting	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
problem	O
again	O
befo-	O


like	O
it	O
was	O
only	O
maybe	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
afterwards	I-DATE
I	O
got	O
pregnant	O


but	O
I	O
could	O
already	O
feel	O
the	O
pains	O
and	O
all	O
that	O


so	O


Wow	O
.	O


I	O
felt	O
so	O
good	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
pregnant	O


I	O
just	O
felt	O
like	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
miracle	O


and	O
then	O


Really	O
?	O


oh	O
yeah	O


and	O
then	O
breast	O
feeding	O
those	O
hormones	O
also	O
helped	O


so	O
I	O
feel	O
just	O
fine	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
I	O
never	O
have	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
endometriosis	O
again	O


but	O
who	O
knows	O
after	O
three	B-CARDINAL


So	O
your	O
first	B-ORDINAL
boy	O
is	O
Joel	B-PERSON
or	O
Noel	B-PERSON
?	O


Noel	B-PERSON
.	O


Noel	B-PERSON
or	O
Noel	B-PERSON
.	O


Noel	B-PERSON
.	O


And	O
he	O
's	O
seven	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
.	O


That	O
's	O
how	O
long	O
ago	O
that	O
was	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
Seven	O
and	O
a	O
half	O
.	O
We	O
have	O
n't	O
seen	O
each	O
other	O
s-	O


yeah	O


in	O
a	O
long	O
time	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
your	O
other	O
two	O
boys	O
?	O


Because	O
a-	O


%um	O
.	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
is	O
three	B-DATE
.	O


uh-huh	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
Thomas	B-PERSON
Enrique	I-PERSON
is	O
his	O
full	O
name	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
baby	O
who	O
's	O
just	O
going	O
to	O
turn	O
ten	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


oh	O
really	O


And	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
baby	O
's	O
name	O
?	O


That	O
's	O
Logan	B-PERSON
Andres	I-PERSON


%ah	O
.	O


oh	O
how	O
nice	O
.	O


So	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
keep	O
going	O
?	O
or	O


so	O


and	O
you	O
two	B-CARDINAL
girls	O


oh	O
%ah	O
well	O
,	O
I	O
thought	O
I	O
was	O
done	O
really	O
after	O
Thomas	B-PERSON


not	O
that	O
I	O
think	O
two	B-CARDINAL
is	O
the	O
perfect	O
number	O
but	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
expect	O
to	O
get	O
pregnant	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
time	O


that	O
happened	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
Honduras	B-GPE
last	O
time	O


that	O
was	O
really	O
so	O


mhm	O


I	O
was	O
so	O
angry	O
at	O
Oscar	B-PERSON
that	O
I	O
just	O
knew	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
way	O
that	O
I	O
could	O
ever	O
even	O
think	O
of	O
going	O
to	O
bed	O
with	O
him	O
you	O
know	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
when	O
it	O
happened	O


but	O
I	O
love	O
my	O
little	O
baby	O


and	O
--	O


%huh	O


yeah	O


but	O


And	O
you	O
're	O
still	O
with	O
Oscar	B-PERSON
right	O


that	O
's	O


well	O
we	O
're	O
still	O
married	O


but	O
he	O
's	O
doing	O
his	O
own	O
thing	O
like	O
usual	O


so	O
I	O
pretty	O
much	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
the	O
crew	O
all	O
alone	O
.	O


He	O
calls	O
to	O
see	O
how	O
they	O
're	O
doing	O
and	O
%huh	O
pops	O
in	O
every	O
once	O
in	O
a	O
while	O
,	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
tough	O
.	O


It	O
really	O
is	O


and	O
see	O
his	O
daughter	O
lives	O
here	O
too	O


wow	O


she	O
's	O
kin-	O


She	O
does	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
she	O
has	O
since	O


well	O
I	O
think	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
here	O
five	O
years	O
now	O
,	O
five	O
years	O
this	O
summer	O
because	O
we	O
were	O
figuring	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
apply	O
for	O
citizenship	O
.	O
Both	O
Oscar	B-PERSON
and	O
Lehia	B-PERSON
%um	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
twenty	B-DATE


and	O
she	O
's	O
just	O
turned	O
eighteen	B-DATE
now	O


Wow	O
.	O


he	O
does	O
n't	O
live	O
here	O
%um	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
kind	O
of	O
,	O


well	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
long	O
long	O
story	O


but	O
%um	O
at	O
one	O
point	O
when	O
I	O
got	O
real	O
irritated	O
with	O
Oscar	B-PERSON
everybody	O
in	O
the	O
family	O
insisted	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
an	O
idiot	O
and	O
I	O
should	O
make	O
him	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
his	O
children	O
which	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
really	O
believed	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
there	O


and	O
I	O
mean	O
it	O
does	O
make	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
intellectual	O
sense	O
,	O
I	O
guess	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
really	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
to	O
the	O
kids	O


but	O
I	O
did	O


and	O
so	O
I	O
sent	O
them	O
to	O
stay	O
with	O
him	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
felt	O
bad	O
about	O
it	O
immediately	O


and	O
then	O
he	O
would	O
n't	O
let	O
them	O
come	O
back	O


and	O
so	O
it	O
turned	O
into	O
a	O
situation	O
where	O
Lehia	B-PERSON
was	O
really	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
wanted	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
and	O
Oscar	B-PERSON
junior	O
kind	O
of	O
%um	O
decided	O
that	O
living	O
with	O
his	O
father	O
was	O
what	O
he	O
wanted	O


mhm	O


And	O
Lehia	B-PERSON
's	O
mom	O
used	O
to	O
beg	O
him	O
to	O
let	O
her	O
come	O
back	O


and	O
he	O
'd	O
say	O
yes	O


and	O
then	O
he	O
'd	O
hang	O
up	O
the	O
phone	O


and	O
he	O
'd	O
say	O
I	O
'd	O
never	O
let	O
you	O
go	O
back	O
there	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
was	O
real	O
stupid	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
n't	O
really	O
that	O
he	O
wanted	O
her	O
around	O


but	O
it	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


People	O
do	O
stupid	O
things	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


oh	O


%hm	O
so	O
they	O
're	O
living	O
with	O
him	O
?	O


No	O
,	O


%um	O
now	O
how	O
long	O
?	O


Probably	O
two	O
years	O
ago	O
then	O
she	O
and	O
I	O
worked	O
it	O
out	O
where	O
I	O
got	O
power	O
of	O
attorney	O
from	O
her	O
mom	O
because	O
her	O
mom	O
always	O
had	O
custody	O


and	O
she	O
called	O
me	O
one	O
day	O
when	O
there	O
was	O
nobody	O
in	O
the	O
house	O
but	O
her	O


and	O
I	O
drove	O
and	O
got	O
her	O
and	O
kind	O
of	O
stole	O
her	O
back	O


it	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
exciting	O


I	O
could	O
n't	O
believe	O
that	O
I	O
'd	O
ever	O
do	O
that	O


but	O
oh	O
well	O
it	O
was	O
very	O
exciting	O
actually	O
because	O
oh	O
my	O
gosh	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
drive	O
like	O
two	B-TIME
and	I-TIME
half	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME


so	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O


at	O
any	O
moment	O
somebody	O
might	O
be	O
coming	O
home	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
get	O
your	O
stuff	O
ready	O


and	O
I	O
called	O
her	O
when	O
I	O
got	O
to	O
the	O
corner	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O


it	O
was	O
really	O
something	O


and	O
we	O
just	O
packed	O
the	O
car	O
full	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
there	O
was	O
n't	O
one	O
inch	O
of	O
space	O
left	O


and	O
then	O
we	O
just	O
flew	O
out	O
of	O
there	O
,	O


and	O
we	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
nearest	O
McDonalds	B-ORG
to	O
kind	O
of	O
repack	O
where	O
we	O
could	O
breathe	O
easy	O


oh	O
my	O
gosh	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
pretty	O
funny	O


and	O
then	O
you	O
know	O
he	O
never	O
said	O
a	O
thing	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


yeah	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
he	O
knew	O
she	O
was	O
better	O
off	O
here	O


and	O
she	O
had	O
told	O
me	O
that	O
she	O
almost	O
committed	O
suicide	O
once	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
even	O
know	O
any	O
of	O
it	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
care	O
about	O
his	O
kids	O
but	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
really	O
capable	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
father	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
he	O
just	O
.	O


%hm	O


close	O


So	O
what	O
's	O
Lehia	B-PERSON
doing	O
?	O


Is	O
she	O
studying	O


or	O
did	O
she	O
already	O
graduate	O
high	O
school	O
?	O


She	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
her	O
last	O
year	O
,	O
of	O
high	O
school	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
's	O
been	O
with	O
her	O
mom	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE


so	O
she	O
'll	O
be	O
coming	O
back	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O
%um	O


%ah	O
.	O


so	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
we	O
have	O
here	O


and	O
then	O
he	O
graduated	O
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
from	O
high	O
school	O


and	O
he	O
started	O
going	O
to	O
school	O
in	O
Missouri	B-GPE


and	O
then	O
just	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
blue	O
he	O
told	O
me	O
that	O
he	O
and	O
his	O
buddy	O
wanted	O
to	O
move	O
back	O
to	O
Omaha	B-GPE
and	O
go	O
to	O
school	O
here	O
which	O
was	O
really	O
surprising	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
saying	O
that	O
living	O
with	O
his	O
father	O
was	O
n't	O
what	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
he	O
kind	O
of	O
had	O


his	O
opinion	O
on	O
it	O
had	O
changed	O
,	O


but	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
an	O
apartment	O
.	O


They	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
burden	O
me	O
anymore	O
were	O
his	O
words	O
,	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
that	O
they	O
want	O
freedom	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
great	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
you	O
know	O
.	O


%hm	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
just	O
moved	O
in	O
well	O
no	O
maybe	O
farther	O
,	O
about	O
a	O
mile	O
from	O
us	O


they	O
live	O
Wow	O
.	O
in	O
an	O
apartment	O


and	O
I	O
hope	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
nice	O
.	O


His	O
buddy	O
is	O
here	O
actually	O


and	O
Oscar	B-PERSON
is	O
finishing	O
some	O
work	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
doing	O


and	O
then	O
he	O
's	O
coming	O
up	O
sometime	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE


yeah	O


but	O
that	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
in	O
a	O
nutshell	O
all	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
going	O
on	O


and	O


Wow	O


I	O


Well	O
it	O
's	O
interesting	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
working	O


or	O
are	O
you	O
teaching	O
?	O


oh	O
yes	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
teach	O


%um	O
I	O


yeah	O
?	O


let	O
's	O
see	O
,	O


well	O
I	O
came	O
back	O


I	O
taught	O
adult	O
basic	O
education	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
really	O
hard	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
job	O
in	O
home	O
ec	O
which	O
is	O


it	O
's	O
probably	O
still	O
that	O
way	O


and	O
I	O
went	O
for	O
my	O
masters	O
in	O
counseling	O


and	O
uh-huh	O
%um	O
actually	O
I	O
was	O
asked	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
and	O
be	O
the	O
counselor	O
at	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
school	O


and	O
that	O
was	O
the	O
year	O
I	O
was	O
pregnant	O
with	O
Noel	B-PERSON


and	O
I	O
was	O
really	O
torn	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
to	O
do	O


but	O
my	O
doctor	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
me	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
Honduras	B-GPE
because	O
I	O
'd	O
been	O
so	O
sick	O
before	O
.	O


He	O
felt	O
that	O
y-	O


mhm	O
.	O


I	O
really	O
needed	O
.	O


We	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
the	O
pregnancy	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
go	O


but	O
I	O
feel	O
like	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
was	O
n't	O
really	O
paying	O
that	O
much	O
attention	O
to	O
what	O
he	O
said	O


but	O
that	O
did	O
influence	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
.	O


so	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
go	O


%hm	O
.	O


and	O
%uh	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
see	O
,	O


what	O
would	O
I	O
,	O


I	O
guess	O
I	O
was	O
working	O
part	O
time	O
that	O
year	O
doing	O
part	O
time	O
counseling	O
jobs	O


and	O
then	O
that	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
well	O
I	O
had	O
one	B-CARDINAL
offer	O
that	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
take	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
one	O
was	O
we	O
were	O
waiting	O
for	O
a	O
principal	O
to	O
come	O
back	O
%um	O


mhm	O
.	O


but	O
I	O
ended	O
up	O
.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
high	O
school	O
counseling	O


but	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
because	O
the	O
principal	O
was	O
out	O
on	O
this	O
boat	O
they	O
told	O
me	O
and	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
decision	O


it	O
's	O
like	O
oh	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
know	O
fast	O
because	O
I	O
'm	O
pregnant	O
and	O
I	O
can	O
not	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
risk	O
losing	O
a	O
job	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
ended	O
up	O
working	O
at	O
the	O
Sure	O
.	O
community	O
college	O
which	O
was	O
n't	O
what	O
I	O
wanted	O
at	O
the	O
time	O


but	O
as	O
it	O
's	O
turned	O
out	O
it	O
probably	O
was	O
the	O
best	O
%um	O


and	O
I	O
like	O
it	O
real	O
well	O
.	O


I	O
counseled	O
for	O
about	O
five	O
years	O


and	O
now	O
I	O
'm	O
in	O
administration	O
%um	O


oh	O
great	O
.	O


She	O
gave	O
me	O
actually	O
%eh	O
the	O
not	O
a	O
hundred	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
got	O
it	O
%um	O


she	O
%um	O


what	O
do	O
you	O
call	O
it	O


%um	O
what	O
do	O
you	O


she	O


first	B-ORDINAL
class	O
mail	O
whatever	O
you	O
call	O
it	O
%um	O


Registered	O
whatever	O


yeah	O
.	O


or	O


yeah	O


and	O
%eh	O
%uh	O
it	O
was	O
like	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE


and	O
I	O
'm	O
supposed	O
to	O
have	O
like	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
hundred	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
days	I-DATE


and	O
I	O
only	O
have	O
sixty	B-DATE
days	I-DATE


and	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
really	O
fair	O


and	O


oh	O
I	O
yeah	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
realize	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O


I	O
mean	O
because	O
I	O
've	O
always	O
had	O
trouble	O
with	O
my	O
landlords	O


I	O
mean	O
so	O
I	O
've	O
always	O
been	O
sort	O
of	O
aware	O
that	O
whenever	O
I	O
've	O
left	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
that	O
anxiety	O


and	O
when	O
you	O
left	O
first	O
of	O
all	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
you	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
stay	O
there	O


yeah	O


exactly	O


second	O
of	O
all	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
it	O
all	O
sort	O
of	O
like	O
ends	O
up	O


I	O
can	O
understand	O
that	O


I	O
can	O
underst-	O


because	O
that	O
makes	O
you	O
feel	O
like	O
you	O
're	O
making	O
a	O
choice	O
that	O


yeah	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
yeah	O
a	O
big	O
cut	O
and	O
everything	O


and	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
worth	O
kee-	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
okay	O
maybe	O
then	O
I	O
'll	O
never	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
you	O
know	O


but	O
I	O
'll	O


yeah	O


But	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
true	O
yeah	O
.	O
that	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
ever	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
as	O


Others	O
possibilities	O
.	O


you	O
know	O
you	O
could	O
find	O
another	O
place	O
to	O
live	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
know	O
of	O
people	O
that	O
are	O
still	O
finding	O
like	O
lofts	O
in	O
Brooklyn	B-GPE
in	O
Williamsburg	B-LOC
that	O
are	O
like	O
cheaper	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O
that	O
you	O
might	O
want	O
to	O
change	O
your	O
living	O
situation	O
anyhow	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O


I	O
'm	O
still	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


%eh	O
%eh	O
%eh	O
yeah	O


it	O
's	O
just	O
letting	O
go	O


I	O
have	O
problems	O
letting	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
've	O
had	O
it	O
for	O
so	O
long	O
you	O
know	O


I	O
've	O
lived	O
there	O


yeah	O


no	O
I	O
know	O


but	O
it	O
's	O


yeah	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
worth	O
h-	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O


you	O
know	O
a	O
week	O
before	O
I	O
'm	O
saying	O
thinking	O
to	O
myself	O
well	O
if	O
I	O
ever	O
move	O
back	O
to	O
New	O
York	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
Brooklyn	B-GPE
anymore	O


oh	O
right	O
right	O


and	O
so	O
then	O
I	O


you	O
know	O
this	O
power	O
of	O
thought	O
thing	O


but	O
otherwise	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
'm	O
okay	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
need	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
change	O
or	O
something	O


%uh	O
I	O
need	O
a	O
cha-	O


you	O
know	O
either	O
I	O
'm	O
bored	O
%uh	O
you	O
know	O
with	O
%uh	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
doing	O
not	O
with	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
doing	O
so	O
much	O
with	O
art	O
but	O
with	O
my	O
life	O
that	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
have	O
some	O
you	O
know	O
physical	O
change	O
or	O
visual	O
change	O
because	O
I	O
've	O
just	O
been	O
working	O
and	O
%um	O


Are	O
you	O
still	O
doing	O
like	O
the	O
set	O
painting	O
to	O
make	O
money	O
?	O


yeah	O


it	O
's	O
been	O
great	O


but	O
I	O
thought	O
I	O
'd	O
have	O
more	O
work	O
this	O
month	O
than	O
I	O
did	O


and	O
so	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
I	O
thought	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
because	O
I	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
buy	O
a	O
laptop	O


and	O
%uh	O
I	O
need	O
it	O
really	O
badly	O


it	O
's	O
like	O
ridiculous	O
now	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
'm	O
doing	O
all	O
this	O
writing	O


and	O
I	O
go	O
you	O
know	O
to	O
different	O
people	O
's	O
houses	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
this	O


yeah	O


it	O
would	O
be	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
luxury	O
definitely	O


but	O
I	O
definitely	O
could	O
use	O
it	O
.	O


Well	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
tool	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
tool	O


yeah	O
%um	O


yeah	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
great	O
tool	O
.	O


And	O
how	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


%um	O
How	O
you	O
doing	O
Gail	O
?	O


Wait	O


wait	O


wait	O


let	O
's	O
get	O
caught	O
up	O
on	O
you	O
first	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
so	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
with	O
Rene	B-PERSON
?	O


Rene	B-PERSON
's	O
great	O
.	O


Rene	O
's	O
good	O


%um	O
he	O
's	O
coming	O
with	O
me	O
also	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O


When	O
are	O
you	O
coming	O
?	O


%um	O
we	O
're	O
coming	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
thirtieth	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
August	I-DATE
.	O


Of	O
August	B-DATE


for	O
how	O
long	O
?	O


Three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	I-DATE


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
staying	O
with	O
family	O
and	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
?	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
not	O


no	O


I	O
'm	O
the	O
fi-	O


I	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
until	O


You	O
said	O
we	O
're	O
we	O
.	O


%um	O
no	O


I	O
said	O
I	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Is	O
there	O
a	O
we	O
?	O


oh	O


oh	O
I	O
thought	O
you	O
said	O


No	O


there	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
we	O


but	O
I	O
'll	O
tell	O
you	O
about	O
that	O
in	O
a	O
minute	O


oh	O


You	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE


aw	O
come	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


%um	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
until	O
October	B-DATE
%um	O


and	O
uh-huh	O
%uh	O
yeah	O
so	O
that	O


How	O
's	O
the	O
gig	O
out	O
there	O
?	O


Well	O
%uh	O
okay	O


it	O
's	O
mixed	O


yeah	O
and	O
no	O
it	O
's	O
good	O


it	O
's	O
bad	O


it	O
's	O
weird	O


it	O
's	O
definitely	O
like	O


first	O
of	O
all	O
%um	O
is	O
it	O
weird	O
like	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
out	O
here	O
for	O
about	B-DATE
six	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
now	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
taking	O
me	O
a	O
while	O
to	O
settle	O
in	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
definitely	O
like	O


Hot	O
?	O


oh	O
man	O
it	O
's	O
horrible	O


it	O
's	O
so	O
disgusting	O


and	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
hear	O
weather	O
reports	O
for	O
there	O


I	O
'm	O
like	O
oh	O
gee	O


I	O
know	O


and	O
I	O
wake	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
overcast	O


and	O
the	O
sun	O
does	O
n't	O
shine	O
.	O


The	O
thing	O
is	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
city	I-GPE
it	O
might	O
be	O
hot	O
but	O
at	O
least	O
like	O
the	O
sun	O
is	O
shining	O
or	O
you	O
'll	O
get	O
like	O
yeah	O
those	O
big	O
city	O
breezes	O
like	O
coming	O
in	O
off	O
the	O
water	O


you	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O


Those	O
big	O
city	O
bre-	O


yes	O
I	O
do	O


you	O
get	O
some	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O
right	O


and	O
here	O
like	O
the	O
air	O
does	O
n't	O
even	O
move	O


like	O
you	O
're	O
so	O
lucky	O


and	O
then	O
%eh	O
it	O
moves	O


like	O
there	O
'll	O
be	O
a	O
thunderstorm	O
in	O
the	O
afternoon	O


And	O
everybody	O
runs	O
out	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
get	O
some	O
air	O
.	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
and	O
then	O
it	O
's	O
gone	O


and	O
then	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
the	O
oppression	O
is	O
there	O
again	O


yeah	O


exactly	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
all	O
this	O
steam	O
rising	O
off	O
the	O
ground	O


oh	O
hotter	O


but	O
%um	O
okay	O
%uh	O


so	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
the	O
weather	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
I	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
'm	O
in	O
the	O
suburbs	O
because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
car	O


and	O
I	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
need	O
a	O
car	O
to	O
get	O
around	O
to	O
the	O
places	O
that	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
because	O
%eh	O
things	O
are	O
so	O
sort	O
of	O
scattered	O
around	O


it	O
's	O
like	O
being	O
like	O
at	O
McDowell	B-ORG
but	O
without	O
%um	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
like	O
somebody	O
goes	O
on	O
a	O
daily	O
basis	O
into	O
town	O
or	O
you	O
know	O
those	O
kind	O
of	O
things	O


it	O
's	O
definitely	O
like	O
a	O


yeah	O


sure	O


of	O
course	O


oh	O
god	O


yeah	O


sure	O
.	O


Ca	O
n't	O
you	O
get	O
a	O
really	O
cheap	O
one	O
?	O


Well	O
I	O
'm	O
thinking	O


Like	O
yeah	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
you	O
?	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


I	O
'm	O
thinking	O
about	O
getting	O
a	O
**junkmobile**	O
.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
get	O
like	O
something	O
that	O
I	O
could	O
have	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
or	O
something	O
like	O
that	O


That	O
would	O
be	O
great	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
looking	O
around	O


and	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
really	O
seen	O
anything	O


oh	O
excuse	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
gotten	O
into	O
this	O
bad	O
habit	O
of	O


remember	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
an	O
undergrad	O
and	O
I	O
used	O
to	O
watch	O
Star	B-WORK_OF_ART
Trek	I-WORK_OF_ART
reruns	O
and	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Twilight	I-WORK_OF_ART
Zone	I-WORK_OF_ART


oh	O
really	O


your	O
watching	O


I	O
'm	O
watching	O
Star	B-WORK_OF_ART
Trek	I-WORK_OF_ART
reruns	O
at	O
midnight	B-TIME
because	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
people	O
that	O
I	O
've	O
gotten	O
to	O
be	O
friends	O
with	O
actually	O


they	O
watch	O
Star	B-WORK_OF_ART
Trek	I-WORK_OF_ART
at	O
midnight	B-TIME
like	O
reruns	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


Not	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Next	I-WORK_OF_ART
Generation	I-WORK_OF_ART
though	O


%um	O


You	O
're	O
not	O
into	O
that	O


Star	B-WORK_OF_ART
Trek	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	O


well	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
one	O
with	O
Captain	O
Picard	B-PERSON
.	O


%mm	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
which	O
one	O
that	O
is	O
.	O


yeah	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
earlier	O
one	O
.	O


I	O
like	O
the	O
new	O
one	O
Next	B-WORK_OF_ART
Generation	I-WORK_OF_ART


that	O
's	O
pretty	O
cool	O


you	O
should	O
look	O
into	O
it	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Anyway	O


You	O
're	O
so	O
bad	O
.	O


Anyway	O


so	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
I	O
'm	O
yawning	O
.	O


%um	O
but	O
%um	O
anyway	O
%uh	O


what	O
was	O
I	O
going	O
to	O
say	O
%um	O


so	O
it	O
took	O
me	O
a	O
while	O
to	O
settle	O
in	O
because	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
still	O
not	O
totally	O
settled	O
in	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
started	O
to	O
do	O
%um	O
some	O
work	O


the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
month	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
here	O
I	O
took	O
a	O
class	O
in	O
digital	O
music	O
%um	O
which	O
is	O
like	O
electronic	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
music	O
editing	O
and	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


oh	O
cool	O


mhm	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


And	O
because	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
you	O
know	O
working	O
with	O
sound	O
and	O
I	O
'm	O
interested	O
in	O
working	O
more	O
with	O
sound	O
and	O
stuff	O


and	O
so	O
that	O
was	O
really	O
good	O


there	O
was	O
a	O
concert	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
it	O


and	O
I	O
felt	O
that	O
's	O
great	O
pretty	O
good	O
about	O
my	O
contribution	O
to	O
that	O


like	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
really	O
exactly	O
what	O
I	O
would	O
want	O


but	O
I	O
felt	O
like	O
I	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


yeah	O


so	O
that	O
was	O
good	O


that	O
was	O
something	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
being	O
here	O
gave	O
me	O
access	O
to	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
also	O
learning	O
a	O
lot	O
%um	O
like	O
about	O
other	O
things	O
about	O
computers	O
like	O
about	O
%um	O
you	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
do	O
email	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
do	O
like	O
Email	O
's	O
interesting	O
.	O
networking	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


I	O
mean	O
if	O
you	O
get	O
a	O
laptop	O
and	O
you	O
should	O
also	O
try	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
modem	O
and	O
hook	O
it	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
phone	O
because	O
then	O
you	O
can	O
have	O


I	O
may	O
have	O
to	O


well	O
I	O
mean	O
like	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
an	O
email	O
address	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
who	O
else	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
has	O
an	O
email	O
address	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O
that	O
I	O
would	O
like	O


I	O
'm	O
trying	O
to	O
t-	O


You	O
can	O
get	O
contact	O
with	O
people	O
easy	O
.	O


yeah	O


I	O
'm	O
trying	O
to	O
like	O
tell	O
people	O
because	O
it	O
only	O
costs	O
like	O
a	O
local	O
phone	O
call	O


like	O
I	O
mean	O
if	O
you	O
wanted	O
to	O
write	O
to	O
somebody	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
you	O
could	O
like	O
type	O
it	O
up	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
%eh	O
a	O
fax	O
%uh	O
thing	O
.	O


yeah	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
better	O


it	O
's	O
even	O
cheaper	O
than	O
a	O
fax	O
I	O
think	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
%um	O


yeah	O


and	O
it	O
goes	O
into	O
the	O
computer	O


it	O
's	O
not	O
like	O
with	O
paper	O
.	O


Right	O


it	O
's	O
not	O
with	O
paper	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
cheaper	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
a	O
local	O
phone	O
call	O
whereas	O
a	O
fax	O
takes	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
time	O
that	O
the	O
phone	O
call	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


No	O


it	O
's	O
really	O
great	O


and	O
then	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
access	O
to	O
any	O
information	O
you	O
really	O
need	O


I	O
mean	O
if	O
you	O
needed	O
something	O
about	O
research	O
or	O
whatever	O
you	O


Right	O


right	O


yeah	O


This	O
is	O
amazing	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


yeah	O


so	O
yeah	O
like	O
the	O
internet	O
and	O
all	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
stuff	O


so	O
that	O
's	O
like	O


so	O
I	O
'm	O
learning	O
about	O
that	O


so	O
that	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
cool	O


%uh	O
That	O
's	O
great	O
and	O
I	O
'm	O
supposed	O
to	O
start	O
teaching	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
'm	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
nervous	O
about	O
that	O
because	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
still	O
put	O
together	O
%um	O
like	O
a	O
course	O
syllabus	O
and	O


Joan	B-PERSON
get	O
to	O
work	O


it	O
's	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
away	O
.	O


what	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


We	O
could	O
talk	O
about	O
email	O
and	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


No	O
I	O
'm	O
joking	O
with	O
you	O


but	O
that	O
's	O
okay	O


I	O
'm	O
just	O
joking	O


but	O


uh-huh	O


okay	O
you	O
know	O
what	O


listen	O


hold	O
on	O
one	O
second	O


you	O
know	O
what	O


I	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
bathroom	O


hold	O
on	O
one	B-TIME
second	I-TIME
okay	O


All	O
right	O
.	O


Can	O
you	O
bring	O
the	O
phone	O
.	O


No	O


%huh	O
?	O


Say	O
what	O
?	O


Bring	O
the	O
phone	O
.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
bring	O
the	O
phone	O
into	O
the	O
bathroom	O
.	O


No	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
stretch	O


hold	O
on	O
.	O


Hi	O


so	O


Hi	O


who	O
's	O
paying	O
for	O
this	O
call	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Pennsylvania	I-ORG
%um	O


oh	O
fanta-	O


%ah	O
America	B-GPE


So	O
anyway	O


so	O


%um	O
well	O
yeah	O


it	O
's	O
like	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
little	O
ner-	O


I	O
mean	O
the	O
thing	O
is	O
I	O
've	O
never	O
taught	O
a	O
class	O


well	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
true	O
.	O


I	O
taught	O
the	O
same	O
class	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE


but	O
it	O
was	O
different	O
%um	O


yeah	O


what	O
about	O
upstate	B-LOC
New	I-LOC
York	I-LOC


you	O
did	O
it	O


you	O
teach	O


I	O
was	O
teaching	O
three	B-CARDINAL
D	O
design	O
which	O
is	O
really	O
different	O
because	O
that	O
was	O
freshmen	O


these	O
are	O
like	O
graduate	O
students	O
I	O
think	O


oh	O
really	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
intense	O


well	O
how	O
often	O
do	O
you	O
see	O
them	O


it	O
's	O
twice	O
a	O
week	O
for	O
th-	O


we	O
meet	O
for	O
three	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME


and	O
%um	O


anyway	O
so	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
on	O


so	O
%um	O


That	O
's	O
great	O
though	O
.	O


but	O
I	O
mean	O
it	O
's	O
good	O


it	O
's	O
weird	O


like	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
having	O
you	O
know	O


the	O
thing	O
you	O
're	O
saying	O
like	O
about	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
giving	O
up	O
the	O
apartment	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
and	O
those	O
kinds	O
of	O
things	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
thinking	O
about	O
those	O
kinds	O
of	O
things	O
again	O
also	O
yeah	O
.	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
think	O
to	O
myself	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
could	O
make	O
life	O
easier	O
for	O
myself	O


I	O
could	O
come	O
to	O
Berlin	B-GPE


I	O
could	O
probably	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
know	O
get	O
the	O
paperwork	O
in	O
order	O
and	O
make	O
a	O
way	O


very	O
easily	O
.	O


How	O
you	O
doing	O
?	O


okay	O


good	O
.	O


How	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


We	O
just	O
got	O
the	O
yummiest	O
yummiest	O
two	B-CARDINAL
bunch	O
of	O
pictures	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
together	O
?	O


no	O
they	O
came	O
separate	O
.	O


They	O
came	O


uh-huh	O


a	O
day	O
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
apart	O


I	O
did	O


and	O
they	O
both	O
came	O


What	O


uh-huh	O


oh	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
mail	O
them	O
a	O
day	O
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
apart	O
.	O


Good	O


are	O
they	O
good	O
?	O


yum	O
yum	O


Who	O
's	O
coming	O
?	O


I	O
stole	O
a	O
few	O


I	O
stole	O
a	O
few	O


oh	O
good	O


whatever	O
I	O
took	O
you	O
had	O
duplicates	O
of	O
.	O


Who	O
's	O
coming	O


oh	O
,	O
okay	O
,	O


I	O
usually	O
try	O
to	O
take	O
two	B-CARDINAL
--	O
right	O
--	O
instead	O
of	O
ordering	O
double	O
prints	O
.	O


yeah	O


and	O
there	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
more	O
that	O
's	O
%uh	O
--	O
very	O
cute	O
--	O
packed	O
up	O
in	O
an	O
envelope	O


The	O
birthday	O
%um	O
oh	O
yeah	O
and	O
the	O
playground	O
and	O
the	O
haircut	O


you	O
got	O
the	O
general	O
idea	O


then	O
the	O
fan	O
and	O
%uh	O
fa-	O
did	O
the	O
outdoor	O
and	O
the	O
apples	O
on	O
the	O
floor	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
probably	O


oh	O
y-	O


what	O


and	O
Sara	B-PERSON
running	O
through	O
the	O
%um	O
fruit	O
order	O


Hold	O
on	O
a	O
second	O
.	O


only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
person	O
at	O
a	O
time	O


yeah	O


she	O
got	O
into	O
your	O
fruits	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


%um	O
did	O
the	O
outdoor	O
pictures	O
come	O
out	O
fuzzy	O
?	O


No	O
,	O


yeah	O


not	O
great	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


could	O
there	O
be	O
a	O
reason	O
for	O
that	O
?	O


There	O
could	O
be	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
.	O


It	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
lens	O
does	O
n't	O
adjust	O
well	O


I	O
'm	O


Because	O
it	O
's	O
always	O
the	O
outdoor	O
pictures	O
.	O


right	O


and	O
this	O


I	O
took	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
outdoor	O
pictures	O
now	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
all	O
bad	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


oh	O
really	O
?	O


yeah	O


maybe	O
it	O
's	O
%huh	O
could	O
be	O
the	O
how	O
you	O
face	O
the	O
sun	O


yeah	O


and	O
also	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
more	O
bright	O
the	O
sun	O
is	O
the	O
fuzzier	O
it	O
comes	O
out	O
for	O
some	O
reason	O
.	O


could	O
be	O
when	O
it	O
's	O
too	O
bright	O
it	O
just	O
does	O
n't	O
handle	O
it	O


yeah	O


mhm	O


okay	O


how	O
are	O
the	O
real	O
ones	O


good	O


go	O
enjoy	O
.	O


Anybody	O
coming	O
?	O


how	O
are	O
the	O
real	O
ones	O


just	O
great	O


yummy	O
?	O


I	O
decided	O
for	O
a	B-TIME
half	I-TIME
an	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
all	O
the	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
come	O
out	O
on	O
the	O
letter	O


One	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME


your	O
little	O
daughter	O
she	O
's	O


Which	O
one	O
?	O


very	O


the	O
little	O
one	O
very	O


yeah	O


oh	O
yes	O


Excuse	O
me	O
.	O
Today	O
she	O
colored	O
up	O
the	O
walls	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
used	O
to	O
looking	O
out	O
for	O
her	O


and	O
there	O
she	O
is	O
with	O
a	O
red	O
crayon	O
being	O


oh	O


Well	O
,	O
what	O
gives	O
you	O
that	O
idea	O
?	O


The	O
look	O
in	O
her	O
eyes	O


She	O
is	O
quite	O


very	O
mischievous	O
looking	O
very	O


you	O
have	O
%huh	O


this	O
is	O
quite	O


Brachalov	B-PERSON
got	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
night	O


yeah	O


and	O
she	O
was	O
wet	O


yeah	O


yeah	O
so	O
she	O
tells	O
me	O
she	O
's	O
all	O
wet	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
off	O
the	O
pajamas	O


so	O
she	O
tells	O
me	O
put	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
sun	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
night	O
?	O


yeah	O


So	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
like	O
you	O
know	O


I	O
see	O
that	O
she	O
takes	O
the	O
knowledge	O
that	O
she	O
picks	O
up	O
in	O
one	O
place	O
and	O
she	O
applies	O
it	O
in	O
another	O
place	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


I	O
think	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
intelligent	O
things	O
she	O
's	O
said	O
so	O
far	O
is	O
one	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
no	O
place	O
,	O
we	O
never	O
discussed	O
it	O
or	O
anything	O
says	O
to	O
me	O
Poppy	O
pants	O
mommy	O
skirt	O


oh	O
she	O
figured	O
that	O
out	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
that	O
was	O
pretty	O
intelligent	O


What	O
else	O
does	O
she	O
say	O
?	O


The	O
other	O
day	O
she	O
's	O
telling	O


%uh	O
Sarah	B-PERSON
's	O
her	O
doll	O
so	O
she	O
says	O
Sarah	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
store	O
?	O


okay	O


Come	O
into	O
the	O
carriage	O
.	O


Come	O


we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
store	O
.	O


okay	O


come	O


good	O
Sarah	B-PERSON
.	O


and	O
then	O
you	O
felt	O
like	O
you	O
were	O
hearing	O
a	O
tape	O
recording	O
of	O
yourself	O
.	O


Very	O
much	O
%uh	O
very	O
much	O


like	O
it	O
makes	O
you	O
really	O
be	O
careful	O


yeah	O


uh-huh	O


%eh	O
she	O
started	O
saying	O
whenever	O
I	O
would	O
ask	O
her	O
where	O
's	O
Sarah	B-PERSON
's	O
bottle	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


so	O
then	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
every	O
time	O
I	O
'm	O
about	O
to	O
answer	O
I	O
realize	O
how	O
many	O
times	O
I	O
really	O
was	O
about	O
to	O
say	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


mhm	O


Like	O
if	O
she	O
'll	O
ask	O
me	O
where	O
are	O
the	O
crayons	O
.	O
Instead	O
of	O
saying	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
'll	O
say	O
%hm	O
well	O
let	O
's	O
look	O
for	O
them	O
because	O
she	O
parrots	O
back	O
at	O
me	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


very	O
good	O


So	O
when	O
are	O
you	O
leaving	O
camp	O
?	O


it	O


%uh	O
Thursday	B-DATE
morning	O
I	O
think	O
.	O


Thursday	B-DATE
Wed-	O
Camp	O
goes	O
home	O
Wednesday	B-DATE


Wednesday	B-DATE


mhm	O


They	O
were	O
told	O
to	O
get	O
out	O
.	O


So	O
then	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
quiet	O
day	O
.	O


When	O
we	O
were	O
kids	O
that	O
was	O
our	O
favorite	O
day	O
when	O
everybody	O
was	O
gone	O


yeah	O


well	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
lost	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
sorted	O
then	O
still	O


so	O


yeah	O


that	O
's	O
your	O
job	O
?	O


yeah	O


uh-huh	O


all	O
right	O


so	O


yeah	O


Hello	O


I	O
have	O
a	O
little	O
visitor	O
here	O
.	O


oh	O
how	O
little	O
?	O


Two	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE


uh-huh	O


Looks	O
about	O
something	O


Why	O
?	O


Maybe	O
she	O
wants	O
to	O
say	O
hello	O
to	O
Oma	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


well	O
she	O
's	O
not	O
eighteen	B-DATE
yet	O


%eh	O
she	O
can	O
talk	O


In	O
%eh	O
fifteen	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
yeah	O


okay	O


I	O
told	O
you	O
about	O
that	O
shampoo	O


did	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
?	O


What	O
shampoo	O


no	O


%um	O
Shirley	B-PERSON
told	O
me	O
she	O
has	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
shampoo	O
that	O
's	O
herbal	O
oils	O


yeah	O


and	O
you	O
mix	O
them	O
together	O


mhm	O
mhm	O


and	O
then	O
you	O
take	O
two	B-CARDINAL
drops	O
of	O
this	O
mixture	O


and	O
you	O
put	O
it	O
into	O
a	O
squeeze	O
bottle	O
of	O
water	O


mhm	O


and	O
after	O
you	O
wash	O
their	O
hair	O
you	O
rinse	O
it	O
with	O
that	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
rin-	O


again	O
What	O
?	O
You	O
take	O
some	O
oil	O


It	O
's	O
shampoo	O
it	O
's	O
to	O
prevent	O
lice	O


So	O
the	O
shampoo	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
has	O
Rosemarin	O
oil	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


yeah	O


that	O
's	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
's	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
most	O
effective	O
.	O


To	O
prevent	O
?	O


yeah	O
I	O
also	O
have	O


%um	O
%uh	O
you	O
can	O
rub	O
it	O
behind	O
their	O
ears	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


well	O
I	O
bought	O
you	O
a	O
kit	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
try	O
it	O
.	O


oh	O
thank	O
you	O


She	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
fantastic	O
.	O


How	O
does	O
she	O
know	O
?	O


Because	O
a	O
whole	O
year	O
her	O
kids	O
were	O
good	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


why	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
problem	O
in	O
Lakewood	B-GPE
?	O


yeah	O


Really	O


yeah	O


Once	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
problem	O
It	O
keeps	O
going	O
ring	O
around	O
the	O
rosie	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
so	O
difficult	O


From	O
A	O
to	O
B	O
to	O
C	O
to	O
D	O
to	O
E	O


and	O
then	O
it	O
goes	O
back	O
to	O
A	O


Right	O


I	O
sometimes	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
keep	O
it	O
under	O
control	O
but	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
every	O
%eh	O
d-	O
l-	O
you	O
know	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
last	O
is	O
gone	O


go	O
back	O
to	O
tomorrow	O


for	O
what	O
did	O
I	O
work	O
so	O
hard	O
?	O


So	O
this	O
is	O
supposed	O


You	O
know	O
to	O
keep	O
it	O
under	O
control	O
is	O
one	O
thing	O


all	O
right	O


so	O
this	O
is	O
the	O


she	O
said	O
the	O
kids	O
love	O
it	O


it	O
smells	O
nice	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
so	O


oh	O
good	O
.	O


okay	O


worth	O
a	O
try	O
that	O
's	O
for	O
sure	O


An-	O


Right	O


she	O
says	O
after	O
you	O
shampoo	O
their	O
hair	O
you	O
just	O
**shpritz**	O
through	O
this	O
mixture	O


Right	O


You	O
put	O
two	B-CARDINAL
drops	O
into	O
a	O
whole	O
cup	O
of	O
water	O
--	O
And	O
you	O
comb	O
it	O
.	O
And	O
just	O
**shpritz**	O
it	O
through	O
their	O
hair	O


oh	O


uh-huh	O


okay	O


what	O
,	O
she	O
uses	O
a	O
**shpritz**	O
bottle	O
like	O
a	O
window	O
washer	O
No	O
like	O
a	O
squeeze	O
bottle	O
like	O
a	O
beta	O
bottle	O
or	O
a	O
squeeze	O
bottle	O


yeah	O
I	O
have	O
one	O


It	O
comes	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


oh	O


They	O
give	O
you	O
everything	O
you	O
need	O
.	O


oh	O
oh	O
oh	O
oh	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
whole	O
little	O
cute	O
kit	O
.	O


mhm	O


he	O
charge	O
you	O
a	O
fortune	O
?	O


No	O


but	O
if	O
it	O
works	O
it	O
's	O
worth	O
it	O
.	O


yeah	O


for	O
sure	O


for	O
sure	O


it	O
's	O


But	O
I	O
think	O
I	O
'll	O
give	O
it	O
to	O
Tova	B-PERSON
Newberger	I-PERSON
oh	O
okay	O
,	O
when	O
is	O
she	O
coming	O
?	O
Who	O
's	O
very	O
looking	O
forward	O
to	O
be-	O


yeah	O


I	O
just	O
talked	O
to	O
Sarah	B-PERSON
Malkus	I-PERSON
who	O
's	O
jumping	O
out	O
of	O
her	O
skin	O
already	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


and	O
also	O


When	O
is	O
Tova	B-PERSON
coming	O


Tova	B-PERSON
's	O
coming	O
the	B-DATE
sixth	I-DATE
I	O
think	O


yeah	O


The	O
sixth	B-DATE
.	O


Why	O
was	O
she	O
going	O
to	O


yeah	O


and	O
she	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
some	O
relatives	O
or	O
something	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


uh-huh	O


that	O
's	O
nice	O


yeah	O


uh-huh	O


is	O
anybody	O
coming	O
before	O
that	O
?	O


%um	O
yeah	O


but	O
we	O
no-	O


coming	O
Sunday	B-DATE


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
getting	O
it	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


%uh	O
no	O


just	O
for	O
my	O
pictures	O
I	O
'm	O
concerned	O
about	O


%ah	O
we	O
'll	O
try	O


we	O
'll	O
try	O
.	O


okay	O


%um	O
Michalam	B-PERSON
%um	O
are	O
they	O
still	O
here	O
Farrach	B-PERSON
's	O
sisters	O
?	O


I	O
met	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
just	O


did	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
who	O


they	O
wanted	O
to	O
come	O
see	O
Remopolin	B-PERSON
Mikhail	I-PERSON
and	O
%ah	O
Chanamalka	B-PERSON


Farrach	B-PERSON
's	O
sisters	O
they	O
're	O
here	O
for	O
the	O
whole	O
summer	O


oh	O
right	O


So	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
see	O
Remopolin	B-PERSON


that	O
's	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
tourist	O
attraction	O


uh-huh	O


So	O
I	O
met	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
park	O
in	O


and	O
we	O
had	O
a	O
a	O
nice	O
afternoon	O
together	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


oh	O
very	O
nice	O


Very	O
nice	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
see	O
her	O
kids	O
in	O
over	O
a	O
year	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


for	O
sure	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
seen	O
her	O
Channa	O


she	O
has	O
a	O
Channa	O
Sarah	B-PERSON


yeah	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O


and	O
I	O


yeah	O


she	O
wanted	O
to	O
name	O
her	O
Sarah	B-PERSON


but	O
she	O
thought	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
too	O
confusing	O
Sarah	B-PERSON
Sarah	B-PERSON
Chimalback	I-PERSON


so	O
she	O
named	O
her	O
Channa	O
Sarah	B-PERSON


yeah	O


uh-huh	O


I	O
see	O


So	O
she	O
was	O
born	O
last	O
Shavuos	B-EVENT
%eh	O
%mm	O
you	O
know	O
%uh	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
some	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE


and	O
I	O
never	O
saw	O
her	O


uh-huh	O


So	O
anyway	O


Your	O
brothers	O
are	O
working	O
hard	O
in	O
day	O
camp	O
?	O


oh	O


oh	O
yeah	O


but	O
then	O
they	O
're	O
also	O
enjoying	O
it	O
.	O


oh	O
good	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
they	O
said	O
anyway	O
.	O


You	O
could	O
ask	O
them	O
.	O


okay	O


%um	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
ask	O
you	O
did	O
they	O


you	O
know	O
you	O
have	O
this	O
lazy	O
susan	O
in	O
your	O
cabinet	O


yeah	O


Is	O
that	O
a	O
common	O
item	O


do	O
they	O
still	O
sell	O
them	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
Rubbermaid	B-ORG


yeah	O


yeah	O


you	O
want	O
one	B-CARDINAL
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
?	O


probably	O
Tupperware	B-ORG
sells	O
it	O
also	O
.	O


who	O


I	O
was	O
thinking	O
Tupperware	B-ORG
probably	O
also	O
sells	O
it	O
no	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
recall	O
seeing	O
it	O
Tupperware	B-ORG


but	O
maybe	O


uh-uh	O


if	O
they	O
have	O
like	O
a	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
tiered	O
one	O
yeah	O
because	O
that	O
would	O
save	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
space	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
my	O
cabinets	O
are	O
very	O
high	O


and	O
things	O
are	O
always	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
that	O
I	O
have	O
is	O
a	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
tier	O
that	O
I	O
took	O
apart	O
.	O


oh	O
really	O


yeah	O


because	O
the	O
shelves	O
are	O
relat-	O
%eh	O
%uh	O


oh	O


your	O
shelves	O
are	O
high	O
?	O


not	O
so	O
high	O


but	O
yeah	O
they	O
're	O
pretty	O
high	O
one	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
.	O


yeah	O


And	O
so	O
what	O
happens	O
is	O
to	O
maximize	O
the	O
space	O
everything	O
's	O
jumbled	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
everything	O
else	O


uh-huh	O


okay	O


I	O
can	O
look	O


and	O
then	O
it	O
's	O
behind	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
far	O


it	O
's	O
just	O
i-	O


whatever	O


yeah	O


all	O
right	O


okay	O


and	O
so	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
ask	O
you	O
do	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
these	O
secondhand	O
stores	O
some	O
or	O
you	O
go	O
only	O
when	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
free	O
.	O


Sometimes	O


What	O


Brecha	B-PERSON
could	O
use	O
some	O
winter	O
jumpers	O


jump	O


She	O
has	O
polo	O
shirts	O


jumpers	O


because	O
she	O
has	O
polo	O
shirts	O
galore	O


I	O
always	O
look	O
for	O
jumpers	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
common	O
thing	O
because	O
most	O
kids	O
wear	O
pants	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
common	O
.	O


right	O


uh-huh	O


okay	O


All	O
right	O


but	O
what	O
size	O
is	O
she	O


it	O
's	O
not	O


she	O
has	O


three	B-CARDINAL
t	O
four	B-CARDINAL
t	O
?	O


no	O


for	O
sure	O
four	B-CARDINAL
t	O
even	O
five	B-CARDINAL
t	O


and	O
I	O
could	O
always	O
hem	O
it	O


okay	O
right	O


all	O
the	O
dresses	O
that	O
she	O
's	O
wearing	O
the	O
smallest	O
is	O
four	B-CARDINAL
t	O
the	O
biggest	O
is	O
six	B-CARDINAL
t	O
.	O


okay	O


jumpers	O


all	O
right	O


we	O
can	O
look	O
for	O
them	O


but	O
%uh	O
know	O
I	O
could	O
always	O
hem	O
them	O


yeah	O


maybe	O
some	O
are	O


or	O
if	O
not	O
I	O
mean	O


yeah	O


sometimes	O
Osh	B-ORG
Kosh	I-ORG
makes	O


If	O
they	O
have	O
it	O


oh	O
yeah	O


I	O
got	O
one	O
nice	O
one	O


my	O
sister	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
Mindy	B-PERSON
when	O
Sarah	B-PERSON
was	O
born	O
gave	O
me	O
a	O
very	O
nice	O
blue	O
yeah	O
uh-huh	O
standard	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
Osh	B-ORG
Kosh	I-ORG
stuff	O
%um	O
jumper	O


so	O
she	O
has	O
a	O
ton	O
of	O
polo	O
shirts	O
because	O
the	O
ones	O
from	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
still	O
fit	O
her	O
.	O


oh	O
uh-huh	O


so	O
you	O
know	O
I	O


you	O
were	O
like	O
that	O


you	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
wider	O
on	O
top	O


uh-huh	O


well	O
I	O
was	O
a	O
little	O
kid	O


you	O
had	O
a	O
dress	O
that	O
Oma	O
bought	O
you	O


and	O
you	O
kept	O
growing	O


but	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
tight	O
on	O
you	O
on	O
top	O
.	O


So	O
finally	O
I	O
made	O
it	O
into	O
a	O
dropped	O
waist	O
dre-	O


it	O
was	O
a	O
blue	O
dress	O
with	O
a	O
white	O
ruffle	O
.	O


I	O
bought	O
a	O
blue	O
and	O
white	O
checkered	O
piece	O
of	O
material	O


and	O
I	O
made	O
a	O
drop	O


oh	O
and	O
you	O
made	O
a	O
skirt	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
dropped	O
waist	O
dress	O


and	O
a	O
ho-	O


Well	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
an-	O


What	O


I	O
was	O
saying	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
any	O
sisters	O
in	O
sight	O
so	O
you	O
could	O
you	O
know	O


right	O


no	O
sisters	O


this	O
is	O
another	O
one	O
of	O
your	O
latest	O
so	O
what	O
for	O
let	O
her	O
wear	O
it	O


Exactly	O


but	O
I	O
was	O
n't	O
ready	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
this	O
nice	O
dress	O
yet	O
.	O


this	O
dress	O


uh-huh	O


you	O
know	O
I	O
called	O
Chayita	B-PERSON
yesterday	O


and	O
I	O
said	O
if	O
anybody	O
knows	O
about	O
this	O
deal	O
probably	O
she	O
does	O
because	O
you	O
told	O
me	O
Mrs.	O
Rubin	B-PERSON


Her	O
mother	O
told	O
me	O
about	O
it	O


Right	O
,	O


but	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
anything	O
about	O
it	O


I	O
was	O
sure	O
she	O
spoke	O
to	O
her	O
mother	O
for	O
a	B-TIME
half	I-TIME
an	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE


Her	O
mother	O
did	O
n't	O
call	O
her	O
?	O


and	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
anything	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


%huh	O


So	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
whole	O
idea	O


what	O
are	O
they	O
trying	O
to	O


They	O
're	O
studying	O
l-	O


%eh	O
it	O
's	O
for	O
educational	O
purposes	O
.	O


meaning	O
do	O
I	O
sound	O
educated	O
?	O


no	O


Too	O
bad	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
back	O
to	O
school	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
too	O
bad	O
.	O


Well	O
you	O
go	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


oh	O
I	O
got	O
your	O
%um	O
message	O
today	O
.	O


I	O
wrote	O
you	O
back	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
you	O
checked	O
it	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


%um	O
I	O
was	O
there	O
in	O
the	O
afternoon	O
.	O


%mm	O
.	O


%um	O
which	O
message	O
?	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


you	O
did	O


oh	O
about	O
the	O
prayers	O
like	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


did	O
you	O
get	O
that	O
one	O
?	O


mhm	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


edit	O


so	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
my	O
answer	O
?	O


oh	O
no	O


no	O


I	O
wrote	O
you	O
back	O
.	O


I	O
answered	O
you	O
back	O
oh	O
he	O
is	O
at	O
another	O
time	O
because	O
I	O
read	O
your	O
message	O


oh	O
great	O


she	O
says	O
something	O
totally	O
opposite	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
other	O
person	O
said	O


what	O
am	O
I	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
just	O
wrote	O
this	O
long	O
drawn	O
out	O
thing	O
on	O
the	O
net	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
like	O


complaining	O
about	O
all	O
the	O
different	O
versions	O
of	O
every	O
rule	O
that	O
you	O
ever	O
hear	O
.	O


No	O


%um	O
I	O
got	O
kind	O
of	O
personal	O
with	O
it	O
because	O
I	O
always	O
like	O
start	O
off	O
you	O
know	O


and	O
he	O
'd	O
answer	O
,	O
bah	O
bah	O
bah	O
,	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
'd	O
just	O
end	O
up	O
like	O
talking	O
about	O
myself	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
because	O
I	O
know	O
people	O
are	O
wondering	O
oh	O
why	O
does	O
she	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
how	O
you	O
make	O
up	O
a	O
prayer	O
you	O
know	O
Well	O
I	O
mean	O
it	O
happens	O
to	O
everybody	O
.	O
and	O
all	O
that	O
other	O
stuff	O


yeah	O


but	O
some	O
people	O
are	O
on	O
this	O
like	O
kick	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
supposed	O
to	O
ask	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
what	O
Dalia	B-PERSON
will	O
post	O
on	O
the	O
net	O
.	O


I	O
bet	O
some	O
people	O
are	O
freaking	O
out	O
over	O
that	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
perfectly	O
natural	O
to	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O
?	O


yeah	O


I	O
mean	O
that	O
was	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
net	O
.	O


yeah	O


but	O
some	O
people	O
like	O


%um	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
you	O
were	O
on	O
%um	O
last	O
year	O
when	O
%um	O
Jemilla	B-PERSON


No	O
I	O
just	O
started	O
.	O


yeah	O


there	O
was	O
this	O
big	O
thing	O
%um	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE


and	O
I	O
took	O
myself	O
off	O
because	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


This	O
%um	O
sister	O
she	O
wrote	O
about	O
%uh	O
this	O
like	O
cookie	O
dough	O
thing	O
you	O
know	O
one	O
of	O
those	O
like	O
sexually	O
perverted	O
kind	O
of	O
jokey	O
kind	O
of	O
postings	O
things	O


and	O
so	O
everyone	O
was	O
so	O
offended	O


and	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
arguing	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
.	O


They	O
got	O
really	O
petty	O


and	O
mhm	O
.	O
it	O
happens	O
a	O
lot	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


It	O
happens	O
a	O
lot	O
.	O


Stuff	O
gets	O
you	O
know	O
taken	O
out	O
of	O
context	O


and	O
people	O
get	O
offended	O
and	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


yeah	O


and	O
plus	O
because	O
your	O
're	O
dealing	O
with	O
so	O
many	O
completely	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
really	O
realize	O
that	O
though	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
I	O
%eh	O


this	O
is	O
a	O
really	O
diverse	O
network	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
there	O
was	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
.	O


yeah	O


so	O
people	O
where	O
getting	O
mad	O
at	O
Delila	B-PERSON
's	O
though	O
?	O


I	O
mean	O
just	O
read	O
in	O
the	O
post	O


people	O
are	O
like	O
you	O
know	O


All	O
right	O


I	O
mean	O
not	O
today	O
's	O
?	O


no	O
not	O
today	O
for-	O
okay	O
but	O
before	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


you	O
know	O
I	O
'm	O
supposed	O
to	O
meet	O
her	O
next	O
week	O
?	O


Really	O
,	O


she	O
lives	O
in	O
Michigan	B-GPE
?	O


No	O
she	O
lives	O
in	O
Chicago	B-GPE
.	O


oh	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
up	O
to	O
Chicago	B-GPE
because	O
there	O
's	O
%um	O
this	O
Sufi	O
conference	O


oh	O


and	O
%um	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
stay	O
with	O
her	O
until	O
%uh	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
wait	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


should	O
be	O
fun	O


Because	O
I	O
have	O
not	O
left	O
my	O


well	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE
for	O
one	O
year	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
came	O
back	O
from	O
Germany	B-GPE
last	O
fall	O


mhm	O
.	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
anywhere	O
except	O
for	O
my	O
house	O
and	O
school	O
since	O
then	O
oh	O
.	O
and	O
like	O
the	O
road	O
in	O
between	O


it	O
's	O
like	O
I	O
got	O
to	O
get	O
out	O
.	O


yeah	O


that	O
's	O
good	O


so	O
how	O
long	O
is	O
the	O
conference	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
day	O
.	O


oh	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
free	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
best	O
thing	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
free	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
just	O
have	O
to	O
find	O
the	O
means	O
to	O
get	O
there	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


for	O
some	O
reason	O
I	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
am	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
train	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


%mm	O
So	O
you	O
're	O
still	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
actually	O
a	O
little	O


I	O
mean	O
%eh	O
Robin	B-PERSON
already	O
like	O
paid	O
for	O
everything	O


so	O
I	O
feel	O
really	O
bad	O
if	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
go	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
counting	O
on	O
me	O
to	O
go	O
too	O


so	O
yeah	O
.	O
I	O
'm	O
just	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


all	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
get	O
there	O
which	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
found	O
yet	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
really	O


oh	O
really	O
?	O


yeah	O


it	O
's	O
coming	O
up	O
really	O
soon	O
.	O


Because	O
I	O
thought	O
you	O
got	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
I	O
'll	O
take	O
a	O
plane	O
there	O


but	O
%uh	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
,	O


a	O
bus	O
or	O
a	O
train	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


oh	O


because	O
I	O
mean	O
if	O
you	O
got	O
here	O
you	O
could	O
probably	O
ride	O
with	O
Robin	B-PERSON
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
was	O
thinking	O
of	O
that	O
too	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O


But	O
that	O
will	O
probably	O
cost	O
the	O
same	O
just	O
to	O
come	O
here	O
as	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
brought	O


like	O
she	O
said	O
she	O
was	O
driving	O
alone	O


so	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
mind	O


like	O
I	O
even	O
said	O
to	O
her	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
'll	O
come	O
there	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
can	O
drive	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


yeah	O


actually	O
I	O
kind	O
of	O
probably	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
is	O
she	O
driving	O
there	O
by	O
herself	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O


because	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
think	O
she	O
's	O
okay	O
right	O
now	O


but	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
much	O
better	O
if	O
she	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
drive	O
by	O
herself	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
think	O
so	O
too	O


you	O
know	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
that	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
me	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
all	O
that	O
trouble	O


yeah	O
.	O


but	O
I	O
told	O
her	O
it	O
's	O
no	O
big	O
deal	O
.	O


I	O
figure	O
take	O
the	O
bus	O
or	O
the	O
train	O
there	O
and	O
then	O
we	O
can	O
drive	O
down	O
together	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
nice	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
and	O
also	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
nice	O
like	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
a	O
big	O
place	O
not	O
to	O
go	O
along	O
yeah	O
because	O
who	O
knows	O
how	O
hard	O
it	O
'll	O
be	O
to	O
find	O
somebody	O
once	O
you	O
're	O
there	O


right	O


and	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
alone	O


I	O
wo	O
n't	O
know	O
anything	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
's	O
been	O
here	O
before	O
like	O
to	O
the	O
conference	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
she	O
's	O
been	O
to	O
Ohio	B-GPE
,	O
right	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O


It	O
's	O
in	O
Columbus	B-GPE
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


and	O
also	O
I	O
'm	O
kind	O
of	O
worried	O
about	O
her	O
because	O
like	O
you	O
d-	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
she	O
talked	O
to	O
you	O
about	O
her	O
health	O


yeah	O
,	O


she	O
has	O
.	O


yeah	O


%eh	O
yeah	O


yeah	O


because	O
there	O
's	O


I	O
mean	O
a	O
few	O
weeks	O
ago	O
she	O
was	O
like	O
losing	O
control	O
of	O
her	O
hand	O


and	O
%uh	O
now	O
she	O
's	O
on	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
medication	O
that	O
's	O
like	O
put	O
it	O
back	O


like	O
she	O
can	O
use	O
her	O
hands	O
again	O


mhm	O
.	O


But	O
like	O
she	O
had	O
to	O
have	O
her	O
hand	O
bandaged	O
up	O
and	O
stuff	O


and	O
like	O
she	O
was	O
having	O
a	O
real	O
hard	O
time	O
at	O
work	O


so	O
that	O
would	O
me	O
nervous	O
like	O
if	O
she	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
drive	O
by	O
herself	O
you	O
know	O


like	O
what	O
happens	O
you	O
know	O
if	O
something	O
**cooky**	O
goes	O
wrong	O
with	O
her	O
hand	O
and	O
she	O
ca	O
n't	O
drive	O


but	O
I	O
guess	O
she	O
's	O
taking	O
some	O
medication	O
now	O


so	O
I	O
guess	O
it	O
's	O
okay	O


but	O


%hm	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
tried	O
calling	O
her	O
tonight	O


but	O
I	O
got	O
her	O
answering	O
machine	O


so	O
I	O
left	O
her	O
a	O
message	O
to	O
her	O


%hm	O


She	O
calls	O
me	O
back	O
I	O
'll	O
tell	O
her	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
'll	O
do	O
because	O
I	O
was	O
thinking	O
about	O
that	O
too	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
she	O
like	O
throws	O
it	O
off	O
make	O
it	O
seems	O
like	O
it	O
's	O
no	O
big	O
deal	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
oh	O
well	O


but	O
%um	O


well	O
just	O
tell	O
her	O
that	O
you	O
'd	O
prefer	O
her	O
company	O
or	O
something	O


then	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
put	O
you	O
out	O
for	O
%um	O
you	O
know	O
inconvenience	O


but	O
if	O
you	O
make	O
it	O
sound	O
like	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
then	O
she	O
'll	O
probably	O
agree	O
.	O


yeah	O


yeah	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
still	O
are	O
not	O
thinking	O
of	O
going	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
not	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
because	O
even	O
before	O
all	O
that	O
weird	O
stuff	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
talking	O
about	O
I	O
've	O
always	O
like	O
had	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
weird	O
feeling	O
about	O
them	O
anyway	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
the	O
whole	O
organization	O
just	O
because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
it	O
seems	O
kind	O
of	O
strange	O


like	O
%um	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


it	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
explain	O


but	O
just	O
real	O
%um	O


Like	O
someone	O
me	O
today	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
she	O
said	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
should	O
really	O
go	O
to	O
a	O
conference	O
you	O
know	O
as	O
a	O
group	O
because	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
living	O
with	O
like	O
four	B-CARDINAL
or	O
five	B-CARDINAL
sisters	O
this	O
fall	O
who	O
rented	O
a	O
place	O


yeah	O
.	O


and	O
so	O
she	O
said	O
%um	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
nice	O
if	O
we	O
could	O
go	O
to	O
a	O
conference	O


but	O
it	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
all	O
females	O
because	O
she	O
hears	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
meat	O
markets	O


so	O
I	O
've	O
heard	O
other	O
th-	O


oh	O
really	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
was	O
like	O
whoa	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
even	O
think	O
of	O
that	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
true	O
.	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
%eh	O
People	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
eligible	O
women	O
right	O
yeah	O
in	O
one	O
place	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


%mm	O


If	O
I	O
hate	O
the	O
experience	O
then	O
I	O
'll	O
never	O
go	O
to	O
another	O
one	O


but	O
if	O
it	O
turns	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
okay	O
then	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
okay	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
heard	O
I	O
mean	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
enjoyable	O
you	O
know	O


people	O
talk	O
about	O
you	O
know	O
religious	O
things	O
and	O
get	O
really	O
into	O
it	O
and	O
stuff	O


yeah	O
.	O


%um	O
I	O
guess	O
that	O
what	O
I	O
had	O
heard	O
bad	O
about	O
it	O
was	O
just	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
so	O
into	O
talking	O
about	O
like	O
%um	O
the	O
Koran	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
stuff	O
but	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
n't	O
using	O
this	O
as	O
being	O
like	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
social	O
change	O
at	O
all	O
like	O
they	O
were	O
n't	O
talking	O
about	O
what	O
we	O
could	O
possibly	O
do	O
%mm	O
.	O
As	O
Muslims	B-NORP
to	O
like	O
improve	O
the	O
world	O
but	O
rather	O
well	O
just	O
spend	O
all	O
your	O
time	O
praying	O
kind	O
of	O
philosophy	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


And	O
%um	O
so	O
e-	O


Nine	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
people	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
it	O
,	O
%huh	O
?	O


%huh	O
?	O


I	O
said	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
people	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
all	O
they	O
find	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
that	O


you	O
know	O
they	O
have	O
like	O
%uh	O
%uh	O
a	O
large	O
group	O
of	O
people	O
,	O


they	O
could	O
really	O
make	O
a	O
difference	O


but	O
they	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
to	O
one	O


so	O
I	O
d-	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
to	O
it	O
either	O


so	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
really	O
talk	O
.	O


%mm	O


But	O
,	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
they	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
really	O
radical	O
Right	O
.	O
I	O
mean	O
because	O
I	O
guess	O
like	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
funds	O
it	O
a	O
lot	O


and	O
%um	O


yeah	O
,	O


they	O
were	O
talking	O
about	O
Azum	O


is	O
that	O
the	O
person	O
's	O
name	O
Azarahim	B-PERSON


I	O
've	O
never	O
heard	O
of	O
like	O
this	O
person	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
've	O
never	O
heard	O
of	O
him	O
either	O
.	O


and	O
they	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
murderer	O
and	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
there	O
's	O
the	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Tyson	I-PERSON
thing	O
that	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
us	O
have	O


not	O
too	O
you	O
know	O
happy	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


yeah	O


And	O
%uh	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
interesting	O
to	O
see	O
what	O
he	O
has	O
to	O
say	O
.	O


yeah	O


Did	O
you	O
read	O
my	O
post	O
like	O
what	O
I	O
wrote	O
about	O
him	O
and	O
stuff	O
like	O


That	O
he	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
his	O
girlfriend	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


he	O
's	O
talking	O
about	O
well	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
even	O
kiss	O
my	O
girlfriend	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
like	O
no	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
do	O
that	O
to	O
your	O
girlfriend	O
,	O


what	O
is	O
that	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
really	O
know	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


he	O
does	O
n't	O
even	O
have	O
the	O
basics	O
down	O
you	O
know	O


like	O
like	O
we	O
were	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
stage	O


like	O
I	O
have	O
the	O
basics	O
down	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
it	O


but	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
even	O
have	O
that	O


like	O
I	O
mean	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
like	O
girlfriend	O
boyfriend	O
thing	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
stuff	O
.	O


No	O
pork	O
any	O
of	O
that	O
stuff	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
he	O
's	O
just	O
you	O
know	O
yeah	O
I	O
out	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
control	O
over	O
his	O
life	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
think	O


and	O
so	O
you	O
know	O
when	O
people	O
rag	O
on	O
him	O
I	O
tend	O
to	O
take	O
like	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
Mike	B-PERSON
Tyson	I-PERSON
because	O
he	O
really	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
he	O
knew	O
what	O
he	O
did	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
all	O
him	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


Other	O
people	O
control	O
him	O
and	O
tell	O
him	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
and	O
where	O
to	O
spend	O
his	O
money	O
and	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


yeah	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
generally	O
just	O
stay	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
T	O
V	O
anyway	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
'm	O
a	O
T	O
V	O
magnet	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
never	O
know	O
about	O
these	O
things	O
except	O
for	O
when	O
people	O
talk	O
about	O
it	O


I	O
'm	O
a	O
T	O
V	O
magnet	O
.	O


So	O
%um	O
I	O
forgot	O
what	O
you	O
did	O
,	O


you	O
're	O
a	O
grad	O
student	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


No	O
,	O
actually	O
I	O
'm	O
the	O
%uh	O
eternal	O
bachelor	O
's	O
student	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
a	O
what	O
?	O


A	O
bachelor	O
's	O
or	O
undergrad	O
or	O
whatever	O
you	O
call	O
it	O
?	O


oh	O
really	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


What	O
year	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


Working	O
on	O


I	O
think	O
this	O
is	O
my	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
year	O
.	O


oh	O
really	O
.	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
bad	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
be	O
a	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
year	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
one	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE


but	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
that	O
point	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
finish	O
my	O
major	O
in	O
three	O
years	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
need	O
three	B-CARDINAL
because	O
my	O
first	B-ORDINAL
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
tell	O
you	O
what	O
I	O
did	O
with	O
those	O


yeah	O


So	O
%uh	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
I	O
'm	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
boat	O
too	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


what	O
do	O
you	O
ma-	O


But	O
you	O
've	O
already	O
graduated	O
though	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


What	O
?	O


You	O
've	O
already	O
graduated	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


No	O
,	O


see	O
I	O
'm	O
working	O
on	O
like	O
three	B-CARDINAL
degrees	O
at	O
one	O
time	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
another	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
before	O
I	O
graduate	O
.	O
oh	O
.	O
Unless	O
I	O
just	O
decide	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
and	O
just	O
take	O
what	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
.	O


So	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
have	O
so	O
far	O
?	O


or	O
do	O
you	O


Well	O
right	O
now	O
if	O
I	O


I	O
could	O
graduate	O
with	O
a	O
German	B-NORP
degree	O
right	O
now	O


mhm	O
.	O


but	O
German	B-NORP
degree	O
is	O
useless	O
.	O
Right	O
.	O
Unless	O
you	O
get	O
a	O
P	O
h	O
D	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
also	O
working	O
on	O
an	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
degree	O
because	O
that	O
's	O
my	O
real	O
interest	O
.	O


You	O
really	O


English	B-LANGUAGE
literature	O
,	O
right	O
?	O


yeah	O


well	O
what	O
I	O
really	O
really	O
love	O
is	O
like	O
medieval	O
stuff	O


oh	O
wow	O
.	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
why	O
I	O
really	O
think	O
that	O
like	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
and	O
German	B-LANGUAGE
goes	O
together	O
really	O
well	O
if	O
you	O
're	O
interested	O
in	O
medieval	O
%mm	O
.	O
because	O
%um	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
and	O
German	B-LANGUAGE
used	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
same	O
language	O
like	O
before	O
the	O
year	O
seven	O
hundred	O
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
,	O
because	O
like	O
in	O
Europe	B-GPE
it	O
was	O
all	O
like	O
wandering	O
pagan	O
tribes	O
and	O
you	O
know	O
they	O
came	O
down	O
the	O
Goths	B-NORP
and	O
all	O
them	O


mhm	O
.	O


like	O
I	O
mean	O
they	O
spoke	O
Germanic	B-NORP
language	O


and	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
settled	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE


and	O
some	O
people	O
kept	O
on	O
walking	O
and	O
kept	O
on	O
going	O
to	O
England	B-LANGUAGE


and	O
so	O
the	O
language	O
gradually	O
changed	O
after	O
that	O


Wow	O
.	O


oh	O
this	O
is	O
perfect	O
timing	O
because	O
%um	O
my	O
baby	O
's	O
sleeping	O


so	O
that	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


oh	O
good	O
.	O


all	O
right	O
.	O


this	O
was	O
the	O
last	O
day	O
I	O
could	O
do	O
this	O


so	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
get	O
it	O
in	O
right	O
now	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
had	O
this	O
number	O
for	O
a	O
month	O
oh	O
.	O
and	O
kept	O
thinking	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


oh	O
I	O
'm	O
so	O
glad	O
you	O
called	O
.	O


yeah	O


it	O
's	O
just	O
about	O
ten	B-TIME
until	I-TIME
twelve	I-TIME
at	O
midday	O
.	O


And	O
your	O
mom	O
's	O
still	O
there	O
is	O
n't	O
she	O
?	O


They	O
just	O
left	O
on	O
Monday	B-DATE


oh	O
okay	O
.	O


and	O
they	O
went	O
to	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
.	O


They	O
're	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Zealand	I-GPE
right	O
now	O


and	O
they	O
're	O
there	O
until	O
Monday	B-DATE
I	O
think	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
leaving	O
her	O
messages	O
on	O
her	O
machine	O
oh	O
.	O
because	O
we	O
moved	O
to	O
Casper	B-GPE
.	O


You	O
're	O
in	O
Casper	B-GPE
.	O


yeah	O


we	O
moved	O
here	O
.	O


I	O
know	O


that	O
's	O
very	O
amazing	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
still	O
amazed	O


have	O
n't	O
caught	O
my	O
breath	O
yet	O
.	O


It	O
all	O
happened	O
so	O
very	O
quickly	O
.	O


Why	O
did	O
p-	O


%um	O
Barry	O
get	O
a	O
job	O
or	O
something	O
?	O


He	O
has	O
a	O
job	O
.	O


He	O
got	O
one	O
after	O
we	O
came	O
here	O
.	O


oh	O
great	O
.	O


Well	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O


I	O
bet	O
your	O
mom	O
is	O
thrilled	O
.	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


it	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
time	O
to	O
move	O
.	O


We	O
were	O
gone	O
long	O
enough	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
to	O
live	O
other	O
places	O
and	O
enjoyed	O
other	O
places	O


and	O
now	O
it	O
makes	O
it	O
more	O
enjoyable	O
to	O
be	O
back	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
was	O
just	O
right	O
.	O


We	O
'd	O
been	O
praying	O
for	O
years	O
what	O
we	O
were	O
supposed	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


We	O
always	O
thought	O
we	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
move	O
to	O
Denver	B-GPE
and	O
live	O
in	O
my	O
grandmother	O
's	O
house	O
that	O
had	O
died	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
did	O
n't	O
work	O
out	O


and	O
about	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
one	O
morning	O
I	O
told	O
Barry	B-PERSON
I	O
said	O
honey	O
I	O
said	O
really	O
think	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
to	O
move	O
to	O
Casper	B-GPE


and	O
the	O
next	O
day	O
I	O
talked	O
to	O
my	O
granny	O


and	O
she	O
had	O
moved	O
up	O
here	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
mhm	O
.	O
to	O
be	O
by	O
mom	O


and	O
she	O
said	O
she	O
had	O
felt	O
that	O
for	O
a	O
whole	O
year	O
after	O
praying	O
that	O
we	O
were	O
to	O
move	O
here	O
too	O


she	O
just	O
had	O
never	O
said	O
anything	O
to	O
anybody	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
she	O
told	O
me	O
she	O
had	O
thought	O
we	O
should	O
look	O
for	O
a	O
house	O
that	O
had	O
a	O
big	O
backyard	O
and	O
apartments	O
that	O
we	O
could	O
rent	O
to	O
pay	O
the	O
mortgage	O
that	O
she	O
just	O
thought	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
one	O
we	O
could	O
find	O
like	O
that	O


so	O
we	O
started	O
looking	O
on	O
vacation	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
weeks	B-DATE
ago	I-DATE


and	O
we	O
found	O
one	O


it	O
's	O
a	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
and	I-CARDINAL
fifty	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL


and	O
I	O
said	O
granny	O
I	O
said	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
afford	O
that	O


she	O
said	O
well	O
you	O
know	O
if	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
God	O
wants	O
he	O
'll	O
provide	O
it	O


so	O
we	O
did	O
all	O
the	O
paperwork	O


and	O
the	O
bank	O
turned	O
us	O
down	O


but	O
then	O
we	O
did	O
find	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


We	O
found	O
another	O
one	O
for	O
half	O
the	O
price	O
for	O
sixty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
six	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL


had	O
two	B-CARDINAL
apartments	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
that	O
the	O
lady	O
had	O
fixed	O
up	O
brand	O
new	O
and	O
a	O
big	O
backyard	O
for	O
the	O
kids	O
with	O
a	O
big	O
cedar	O
fence	O


just	O
like	O
grandma	O
had	O
thought	O
we	O
should	O
have	O
we	O
found	O
it	O


and	O
we	O
are	O
getting	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


yep	O


she	O
had	O
prayed	O


Are	O
you	O
staying	O
with	O
your	O
mom	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
?	O


yep	O


we	O
're	O
at	O
mom	O
's	O
.	O


It	O
all	O
happened	O
so	O
fast	O
we	O
just	O
knew	O
it	O
was	O
meant	O
to	O
be	O
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


Like	O
everything	O
fell	O
in	O
place	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
God	O
was	O
taking	O
care	O
of	O
it	O


and	O
we	O
were	O
the	O
actors	O
.	O


And	O
Barry	B-PERSON
found	O
a	O
job	O
right	O
away	O
.	O


yeah	O


somebody	O
hired	O
him	O
over	O
the	O
phone	O
long	O
distance	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
really	O
weird	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
finished	O
school	O
in	O
Omaha	B-GPE
?	O


yep	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
's	O
doing	O


%um	O
like	O
is	O
it	O
massage	O
and	O
stuff	O


is	O
that	O
what	O
it	O


Right	O


well	O
and	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
physical	O
therapy	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
at	O
the	O
Shepherd	O
At	O
The	B-ORG
Valley	I-ORG
Nursing	I-ORG
Care	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
oh	O
great	O
.	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
older	O
people	O
.	O


oh	O
is	O
n't	O
that	O
good	O
.	O


oh	O
Alison	B-PERSON
that	O
means	O
we	O
get	O
to	O
spend	O
so	O
much	O
time	O
together	O
when	O
I	O
come	O
home	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
a	O
lady	O
called	O
me	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE


%uh	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
little	O
old	O
Christian	B-NORP
Indian	B-NORP
lady	O
in	O
Omaha	B-GPE
that	O
I	O
know	O
God	O
provided	O
in	O
my	O
life	O
because	O
she	O
's	O
been	O
such	O
an	O
encouragement	O
to	O
me	O
and	O
Barry	B-PERSON
.	O


oh	O
.	O


And	O
%um	O
her	O
and	O
her	O
husband	O


he	O
's	O
%um	O
just	O
a	O
real	O
dear	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


And	O
about	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
before	O
we	O
moved	O
here	O
she	O
called	O
me	O
at	O
home	O


and	O
she	O
said	O
she	O
'd	O
been	O
praying	O
all	O
morning	O
for	O
us	O


and	O
she	O
said	O
Alison	B-PERSON
she	O
said	O
I	O
just	O
felt	O
real	O
strong	O
I	O
needed	O
to	O
call	O
and	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
God	O
's	O
taking	O
you	O
to	O
your	O
promised	O
land	O


and	O
she	O
said	O
%um	O


see	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
my	O
personal	O
life	O
you	O
know	O


we	O
just	O
share	O


you	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O


but	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
like	O
me	O
personally	O
you	O
know	O
everything	O
about	O
us	O


but	O
it	O
was	O
amazing	O
the	O
insight	O
she	O
had	O
into	O
us	O


you	O
know	O
she	O
said	O
God	O
showed	O
me	O
that	O
you	O
guys	O
made	O
the	O
best	O
out	O
of	O
Omaha	B-GPE
and	O
you	O
were	O
like	O
the	O
children	O
of	O
Israel	B-GPE
and	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
complain	O
and	O
kick	O
and	O
scream	O
in	O
the	O
wilderness	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
because	O
you	O
trusted	O
God	O
and	O
made	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
it	O
he	O
's	O
taking	O
you	O
to	O
your	O
promised	O
land	O
quicker	O
than	O
if	O
you	O
'd	O
complained	O
the	O
whole	O
time	O


and	O
she	O
just	O
had	O
this	O
wonderful	O


oh	O
it	O
just	O
gave	O
me	O
chills	O
all	O
over	O
.	O


I	O
started	O
crying	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


and	O
she	O
said	O
so	O
you	O
know	O
just	O
trust	O
Him	O
because	O
he	O
's	O
taking	O
you	O
to	O
where	O
he	O
wants	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
because	O
you	O
were	O
faithful	O
you	O
know	O
in	O
Omaha	B-GPE
and	O
it	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
like	O
a	O
wilderness	O
.	O


We	O
did	O
make	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
it	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


But	O
her	O
insight	O
was	O
so	O
perceptive	O
.	O


I	O
started	O
crying	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
like	O
oh	O
that	O
's	O
wonderful	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
then	O
she	O
says	O
well	O
we	O
love	O
you	O


good	O
bye	O
.	O


aw	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
too	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


We	O
made	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
it	O
tried	O
not	O
to	O
complain	O
You	O
really	O
have	O
to	O
yeah	O
.	O
and	O
made	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
it	O


and	O
then	O
this	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
promised	O
land	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


It	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
to	O
someone	O
else	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


But	O
for	O
us	O
it	O
is	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
I	O
was	O
thinking	O
just	O
like	O
you	O
said	O
if	O
you	O
come	O
down	O
here	O
around	O
Christmas	B-EVENT
time	O
I	O
wo	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
getting	O
up	O
here	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
it	O


that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
great	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
there	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Denver	B-GPE
first	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
'll	O
come	O
up	O
to	O
Casper	B-GPE
on	O
December	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE


I	O
know	O
.	O


okay	O


okay	O


aw	O
good	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
there	O
till	O
after	O
Christmas	B-EVENT
then	O
.	O


oh	O
and	O
the	O
baby	O
.	O


yeah	O


oh	O
Alison	B-PERSON
he	O
is	O
beautiful	O
.	O


oh	O
I	O
get	O
to	O
be	O
its	O
aunt	O
.	O


Auntie	O
Alison	B-PERSON
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


He	O
'll	O
call	O
you	O
auntie	O
.	O


oh	O


oh	O
he	O
is	O
so	O
beautiful	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
such	O
a	O
good	O
baby	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
tears	O
thinking	O
about	O


oh	O
dear	O


are	O
n't	O
they	O
sweet	O
.	O


oh	O
they	O
're	O
just	O
wonderful	O
.	O


I	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
could	O
have	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
.	O


uh-huh	O
I	O
am	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
got	O
my	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
on	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


are	O
you	O
pregnant	O
?	O


Yes	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
on	O
purpose	O
.	O


oh	O
then	O
congratulations	O
.	O


oh	O
%mm	O
I	O
always	O
wanted	O
a	O
lot	O
remember	O
.	O


Yes	O


oh	O
.	O


God	O
I	O
guess	O
it	O
's	O
happening	O


yep	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
wonderful	O
.	O


Well	O
Ti	B-PERSON
the	O
other	O
day	O
was	O
teasing	O
me	O
because	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
have	O
them	O
right	O
in	O
a	O
row	O
and	O
like	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
get	O
pregnant	O
in	O
a	O
year	O


and	O
he	O
kept	O


Well	O
let	O
me	O
speak	O
to	O
him	O
about	O
having	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
row	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
fill	O
him	O
in	O
on	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
it	O


because	O
he	O
was	O
teasing	O
me	O
and	O
saying	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
use	O
anything	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
impossible	O
to	O
get	O
pregnant	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
breast	O
feeding	O


and	O
I	O
just	O
laughed	O
at	O
him	O


I	O
said	O
no	O


I	O
said	O
my	O
friend	O
Alison	B-PERSON
got	O
pregnant	O
when	O
she	O
was	O
breast	O
feeding	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O


yeah	O
.	O


you	O
know	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
wait	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
to	O
have	O
this	O
next	O
one	O


but	O
it	O
'll	O
be	O
okay	O
yeah	O
.	O
because	O
like	O
Audrey	B-PERSON
was	O
n't	O
intended	O
but	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
trade	O
her	O
for	O
anything	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


aw	O
is	O
n't	O
that	O
good	O
.	O


aw	O


and	O
little	O
Audrey	B-PERSON


And	O
it	O
'll	O
be	O
okay	O
because	O
the	O
little	O
house	O
we	O
have	O
has	O
four	B-CARDINAL
bedrooms	O
.	O


she	O
'll	O
be	O
more	O
than	O
two	B-DATE
when	O
I	O
come	O
home	O


no	O
she	O
'll	O
be	O


She	O
'll	O
be	O
nineteen	B-DATE
months	I-DATE


and	O
then	O
when	O
the	O
baby	O
's	O
born	O
she	O
'll	O
be	O
like	O
twenty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
months	I-DATE


so	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
like	O
just	O
right	O
after	O
.	O


just	O


yeah	O


yeah	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
like	O
your	O
first	B-ORDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
%huh	O
?	O


Nope	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
the	O
distance	O
between	O
Audrey	B-PERSON
and	O
%um	O
your	O
little	O
boy	O
?	O


Andrew	B-PERSON
.	O


yeah	O


Andrew	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


Maybe	B-DATE
fifteen	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	I-DATE


Fifteen	O
months	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
figure	O
that	O
out	O
once	O
and	O
for	O
all	O
because	O
everybody	O
asks	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
guys	O
are	O
busy	O
?	O


Are	O
you	O
working	O
at	O
all	O
?	O


yeah	O


Well	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
Alison	B-PERSON


A	O
little	O
bit	O
?	O
yeah	O
this	O
is	O
just	O
so	O
wonderful	O


the	O


Good	O
.	O
I	O
took	O
twelve	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
off	O
work	O


and	O
then	O
Right	O
.	O
I	O
've	O
you	O
know	O
been	O
thinking	O
a	O
lot	O
about	O
you	O
know	O
going	O
back	O
maybe	O
in	O
twelve	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
just	O
two	B-CARDINAL
days	O
a	O
week	O
or	O
something	O


but	O
I	O
really	O
Right	O
.	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
about	O
that	O


and	O
the	O
day	O
before	O
I	O
left	O
work	O
I	O
got	O
a	O
phone	O
call	O
from	O
the	O
university	O
here	O
that	O
I	O
used	O
to	O
work	O
at	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
needed	O
somebody	O
as	O
what	O
they	O
call	O
a	O
tutor	O


oh	O
.	O


you	O
have	O
like	O
a	O
one	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
session	O
with	O
the	O
class	O


and	O
you	O
just	O
kind	O
go	O
over	O
the	O
lecture	O
material	O
with	O
them	O


My	O


Right	O
.	O


and	O
they	O
needed	O
somebody	O
right	O
away	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
actually	O
starting	O
kind	O
of	O
like	O
the	O
week	O
I	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
baby	O


so	O
they	O
gave	O
me	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
off	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
've	O
started	O
doing	O
that	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
day	O
a	O
week	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
for	O


like	O
I	O
have	O
three	B-CARDINAL
classes	O


and	O
then	O
they	O
pay	O
me	O
to	O
mark	O
all	O
their	O
exams	O
and	O
stuff	O


so	O
like	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
fourteen	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
I	O
'm	O
doing	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
make	O
about	O
%um	O
oh	O
it	O
's	O
nice	O
a	O
little	O
less	O
than	O
three	O
thousand	O
dollars	O


so	O
the	O
Lord	O
's	O
really	O
looked	O
after	O
me	O
that	O
way	O


that	O
will	O
practically	O
pay	O
for	O
my	O
trip	O
home	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
my	O
ticket	O
and	O
stuff	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
wonderful	O


so	O
glad	O


yeah	O


it	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
finish	O
right	O
before	O
I	O
come	O
home	O


so	O
that	O
's	O
really	O
good	O


and	O
like	O
I	O
only	O
have	O
to	O
leave	O
him	O
at	O
the	O
babysitter	O
for	O
four	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


That	O
's	O
fine	O


a	O
momma	O
needs	O
A	O
little	O
bit	O
of	O
ti-	O
a	O
whole	O
day	O
off	O
a	O
week	O
equivalent	O
you	O
know	O
in	O
hours	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
convinced	O
rather	O
it	O
's	O
to	O
work	O
a	O
job	O
she	O
likes	O
or	O
garden	O
or	O
do	O
whatever	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Gives	O
you	O
more	O
%uh	O
time	O
that	O
's	O
better	O
with	O
them	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Because	O
I	O
always	O
taught	O
those	O
two	B-CARDINAL
mornings	O
two	B-CARDINAL
to	O
three	B-CARDINAL
ever	O
since	O
I	O
've	O
had	O
the	O
babies	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
just	O
enough	O
time	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
four	B-DATE
year	I-DATE


wait	O


And	O
the	O
kids	O
love	O
to	O
go	O
see	O
where	O
I	O
was	O
teaching	O


and	O
aw	O
that	O
's	O
you	O
know	O
if	O
I	O
'd	O
been	O
gone	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
they	O
would	O
have	O
gone	O
for	O
that	O
as	O
much	O
.	O


No	O
.	O


But	O
since	O
it	O
was	O
such	O
a	O
short	O
amount	O
of	O
time	O
they	O
loved	O
to	O
hear	O
about	O
what	O
happened	O


and	O


%hm	O
yep	O
.	O


aw	O
that	O
's	O
good	O
.	O


so	O
lots	O
has	O
transpired	O
here	O


and	O
lots	O
transpired	O
at	O
your	O
house	O
.	O


Right	O


we	O
'll	O
have	O
lots	O
to	O
catch	O
up	O
on	O
.	O


yep	O


yep	O


I	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
bring	O
pictures	O


we	O
have	O


%huh	O
I	O
'm	O
so	O
tired	O
.	O


What	O
time	O
is	O
it	O
there	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
about	B-TIME
eight	I-TIME
twenty	I-TIME
.	O


I	O
get	O
real	O
tired	O
in	O
my	O
pregnancies	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
far	O
along	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


I	O
have	O
no	O
idea	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
figure	O
it	O
out	O


Have	O
you	O
seen	O
a	O
doctor	O
yet	O
?	O


No	O
.	O


Alison	O
I	O
had	O
the	O
best	O
birth	O
.	O


aw	O
I	O
'm	O
so	O
glad	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
thirty	B-TIME
two	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
of	O
labor	O


but	O
%um	O
%uh	O
they	O
have	O
the	O
most	O
excellent	O
program	O
here	O
.	O


I	O
got	O
a	O
community	O
midwife	O


so	O
I	O
had	O
a	O
team	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
midwives	O
looked	O
after	O
me	O
during	O
the	O
whole	O
pregnancy	O


and	O


aw	O
.	O


aw	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
you	O
gave	O
me	O
an	O
address	O
,	O
though	O
.	O


I	O
might	O
not	O
have	O
had	O
one	O
then	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
it	O
right	O
at	O
first	O
.	O


So	O


So	O
,	O
when	O
did	O
you	O
get	O
there	O
?	O


I	O
started	O
work	O
August	B-DATE
first	I-DATE


so	O
what	O
's	O
today	O
,	O


the	O
twentieth	B-DATE
or	O
something	O
?	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


The	O
twentieth	B-DATE


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O


%um	O
and	O
I	O
arrived	O
in	O
Detroit	B-GPE
just	O
the	O
night	O
before	O
I	O
started	O
work	O


so	O
I	O
had	O
been	O
here	O
just	O
three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
Tuesday	B-DATE
That	O
I	O
started	O
work	O


and	O
%um	O
so	O
I	O
worked	O
in	O
the	O
office	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
in	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
half	I-DATE


and	O
then	O
we	O
had	O
our	O
orientation	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
volunteers	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
was	O
out	O
in	O
western	B-LOC
Michigan	I-LOC
on	O
Lake	B-LOC
Michigan	I-LOC
about	B-TIME
four	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
from	O
here	O


so	O
we	O
went	O
up	O
there	O
and	O
spent	O
almost	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
%um	O


sounds	O
nice	O


Did	O
you	O
take	O
your	O
car	O


did	O
you	O
drive	O
there	O
?	O


I	O
drove	O
up	O
here	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


From	O
Omaha	B-GPE
?	O


yup	O
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


It	O
took	O
a	O
couple	O
days	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
maybe	O
fourteen	B-CARDINAL
or	O
fifteen	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
all	O
in	O
one	O
day	O


so	O
I	O
broke	O
it	O
up	O
and	O
stopped	O
in	O
Wisconsin	B-GPE
at	O
a	O
friend	O
's	O
house	O


Right	O


so	O
anyway	O
we	O
have	O
fifty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
six	I-CARDINAL
new	O
volunteers	O
that	O
are	O
oriented	O
and	O
off	O
.	O


They	O
left	O
for	O
their	O
new	O
homes	O
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE


and	O
we	O
came	O
back	O
to	O
Detroit	B-GPE


so	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


How	O
many	O
of	O
you	O
are	O
there	O
?	O


On	O
staff	O
?	O


Right	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
five	B-CARDINAL
of	O
us	O
on	O
staff	O
.	O


The	O
director	O
--	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
--	O
three	O
area	O
directors	O
,	O
and	O
then	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
Kate	B-PERSON


Kate	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
woman	O
I	O
'm	O
living	O
with	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
what	O
her	O
position	O
is	O
called	O


it	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
like	O
development	O


And	O
helps	O
the	O
director	O
with	O
fundraising	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
.	O


What	O
special	O


And	O
the	O
director	O
's	O
in	O
Detroit	B-GPE
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


we	O
're	O
all	O
in	O
Detroit	B-GPE


but	O
the	O
area	O
directors	O
%um	O
travel	O
to	O
the	O
cities	O
that	O
the	O
volunteers	O
are	O
in	O
and	O
%um	O
you	O
know	O
meet	O
with	O
the	O
communities	O
and	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


So	O


What	O
's	O
your	O
area	O
then	O
?	O


I	O
go	O
to	O
Kansas	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
Saint	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE
,	O
Des	B-GPE
Moines	I-GPE
,	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
also	O
have	O
the	O
community	O
here	O
in	O
Detroit	B-GPE
.	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
cool	O
.	O


So	O


yeah	O


I	O
me-	O


Old	O
stomping	O
ground	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
so	O
cool	O


Do	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
so	O
many	O
times	O
during	O
the	O
year	O


or	O


I	O
go	O
once	O
in	O
the	O
fall	O
for	O
a	O
week	O
to	O
each	O
city	O
and	O
then	O
once	O
in	O
the	O
spring	O


so	O
well	O
late	O
winter	O
I	O
guess	O
%um	O


So	O
when	O
I	O
go	O
in	O
October	B-DATE
I	O
go	O
first	O
to	O
Kansas	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
then	O
to	O
Saint	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE


then	O
I	O
come	O
back	O
to	O
Detroit	B-GPE


and	O
we	O
have	O
our	O
%um	O


our	O
fall	O
retreat	O
is	O
in	O
Dubuque	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Iowa	I-GPE


so	O
that	O
's	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
my	O
area	O
visits	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
do	O
my	O
Detroit	B-GPE
area	O
visit	O
,	O


then	O
I	O
go	O
to	O
Des	B-GPE
Moines	I-GPE


but	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
works	O
out	O
for	O
Kansas	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
and	O
Saint	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE
I	O
go	O
to	O
Kansas	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
and	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
week	O
it	O
's	O
my	O
birthday	O


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
spend	O
the	O
morning	O
of	O
my	O
birthday	O
with	O
Elisa	B-PERSON


and	O
then	O
I	O
fly	O
to	O
Saint	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE
and	O
spend	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
afternoon	O
with	O
Chris	B-PERSON
or	O
Lou	B-PERSON
or	O
whoever	O
I	O
hook	O
up	O
with	O
in	O
Saint	B-GPE
Louis	I-GPE


so	O
mhm	O
.	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
wow	O
that	O
worked	O
out	O
perfectly	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
cool	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


so	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
sounds	O
like	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
gone	O
a	O
lot	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


from	O
October	B-DATE
sixth	I-DATE
through	O
Thanksgiving	O
I	O
'm	O
here	O
like	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
ten	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
or	O
something	O
nutty	O
like	O
that	O
%um	O


and	O
then	O


oh	O
really	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
home	O
for	O
Thanksgiving	B-EVENT
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
yet	O
%um	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
home	O
in	O
September	B-DATE
for	O
just	O
a	O
three	B-CARDINAL
day	O
weekend	O
or	O
something	O
like	O
that	O
%um	O
because	O
September	B-DATE
is	O
pretty	O
much	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
slowest	O
months	O
on	O
the	O
job	O


so	O


mhm	O


And	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
to	O
Texas	B-GPE
in	O
a	O
while	O


so	O
I	O
thought	O
that	O
would	O
work	O
out	O


and	O
%um	O
then	O
at	O
Christmas	B-EVENT
time	O
I	O
think	O
well	O
one	O
of	O
my	O
cousins	O
%um	O
is	O
getting	O
married	O
near	O
Kansas	B-GPE
City	I-GPE


and	O
I	O
'm	O
hoping	O
my	O
family	O
will	O
just	O
come	O
up	O
to	O
Kansas	B-GPE
for	O
that	O


%mm	O
.	O


mhm	O


And	O
then	O
I	O
'll	O
go	O
there	O
and	O
see	O
them	O


so	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
about	O
Thanksgiving	B-EVENT
yet	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
too	O
far	O
away	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O


so	O
anyway	O
I	O
will	O
be	O
.	O


Gosh	O
,	O
are	O
you	O
happy	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
am	O


it	O
was	O
really	O
hard	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
decision	O


I	O
actually	O
at	O
one	O
point	O
decided	O
no	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
go	O


just	O
like	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
start	O
all	O
over	O
again	O


and	O
--	O
mhm	O
.	O
I	O
'm	O
liking	O
being	O
in	O
Omaha	B-GPE
and	O
all	O
that	O
sort	O
of	O
thing	O


and	O
so	O
I	O
called	O
and	O
told	O
the	O
director	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
thought	O
about	O
it	O
a	O
lot	O
blah	O
blah	O
blah	O


but	O
I	O
%eh	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
right	O
for	O
me	O
right	O
now	O


and	O
mhm	O
He	O
was	O
like	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
him	O
very	O
well	O


but	O
%uh	O
he	O
had	O
strep	O
throat	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
here	O


I	O
mean	O
he	O
just	O
was	O
n't	O
feeling	O
well	O


I	O
mean	O
was	O
like	O
well	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


okay	O


and	O
%uh	O
later	O
that	O
morning	O
Kate	B-PERSON
called	O
me	O
at	O
work	O
in	O
Omaha	B-GPE
.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
Kate	B-PERSON
are	O
calling	O
to	O
make	O
this	O
really	O
hard	O
on	O
me	O


an-	O
?	O


%eh	O


She	O
's	O
like	O
we	O
just	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
think	O
about	O
one	O
more	O
thing	O


and	O
%eh	O
the	O
job	O
is	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
two	O
year	O
commitment	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
that	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
like	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
things	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
thinking	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
about	O
doing	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
commitment	O
%eh	O
you	O
know	O
all	O
this	O
sort	O
of	O
thing	O


That	O
was	O
too	O
long	O


or	O
it	O
was	O
too	O
short	O
.	O


well	O
--	O
no	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
longer	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
like	O
it	O
was	O
too	O
short	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
just	O
.	O
you	O
know	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
was	O
thinking	O


but	O
anyway	O
so	O
they	O
're	O
like	O
what	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
just	O
a	O
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
commitment	O


and	O
I	O
said	O
well	O
I	O
'll	O
think	O
about	O
it	O


kind	O
of	O
threw	O
me	O
off	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
called	O
later	O


and	O
I	O
asked	O
the	O
director	O
if	O
%um	O


I	O
said	O
well	O
would	O
you	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O


a	O
first	B-ORDINAL
year	O
%um	O
area	O
director	O
makes	O
seventeen	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL


and	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
year	O
area	O
director	O
makes	O
eighteen	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
year	O
you	O
get	O
three	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
vacation	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
year	O
you	O
get	O
four	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE


and	O
I	O
said	O
well	O
would	O
you	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
hire	O
me	O
as	O
if	O
I	O
was	O
coming	O
in	O
at	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
year	O
mhm	O
.	O
%um	O
%eh	O
at	O
eighteen	B-CARDINAL
five	B-CARDINAL
with	O
four	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
of	O
vacation	O


and	O
he	O
said	O
yeah	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


Wow	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
vacation	O
.	O


yeah	O


it	O
is	O
which	O
is	O
wonderful	O


That	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


%mm	O
.	O
And	O
that	O
's	O
more	O
important	O
to	O
me	O
than	O
money	O


so	O


Right	O


yeah	O


and	O
we	O
get	O
the	O
whole	O
week	O
from	O
Christmas	B-EVENT
to	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT


that	O
's	O
one	O
of	O
our	O
weeks	O
of	O
vacation	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
only	O
mhm	O
.	O
you	O
know	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
that	O


So	O
anyway	O
,	O


And	O
the	O
rest	O
you	O
can	O
take	O
pretty	O
much	O
%eh	O
when	O
you	O
want	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
work	O
it	O
around	O
your	O
schedule	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


you	O
got	O
to	O
work	O
it	O
around	O
your	O
schedule	O
which	O
is	O


in	O
you	O
know	O
summer	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
really	O
good	O
time	O
to	O
take	O
it	O
because	O
you	O
're	O
ending	O
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
starting	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
you	O
know	O
doing	O
a	O
lot	O
with	O
the	O
volunteers	O
coming	O
in	O


mhm	O
.	O


--	O
so	O
I	O
'll	O
probably	O
try	O
to	O
take	O
most	O
of	O
it	O
before	O
next	O
summer	O
,	O


we	O
'll	O
see	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


%um	O
so	O
I	O
thought	O
about	O
it	O
that	O
day	O


and	O
I	O
ended	O
up	O
calling	O
back	O
and	O
saying	O
okay	O
I	O
'm	O
coming	O
to	O
Detroit	B-GPE


so	O
It	O
's	O
been	O
really	O
good	O
since	O
I	O
've	O


I	O
mean	O
actually	O
I	O
made	O
the	O
decision	O


and	O
I	O
thought	O
oh	O
God	O
what	O
am	O
I	O
doing	O
you	O
know	O


I	O
just	O
was	O
still	O
unsure	O
about	O
it	O


but	O
in	O
a	O
couple	O
days	O
I	O
just	O
felt	O
really	O
at	O
peace	O
with	O
it	O
and	O
remained	O
so	O
throughout	O
the	O
time	O
that	O
I	O
prepared	O
to	O
leave	O


and	O
then	O
ever	O
since	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
here	O
I	O
keep	O
thinking	O
okay	O
why	O
am	O
I	O
so	O
okay	O
with	O
this	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
falling	O
apart	O
any	O
minute	O
,	O
right	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


Because	O
I	O
'm	O
really	O
used	O
to	O
transition	O
hitting	O
me	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
harder	O
especially	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
so	O
ambivalent	O
about	O
the	O
decision	O


but	O
Right	O
.	O
%um	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
great	O


That	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


So	O


yeah	O
.	O


Great	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
question	O
it	O
?	O


Go	O
with	O
it	O


yeah	O


exac-	O


that	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
said	O
finally	O
%um	O


I	O
was	O
telling	O
somebody	O


somebody	O
is	O
like	O
well	O
how	O
you	O
doing	O
?	O


I	O
said	O
well	O
I	O
'm	O
fine	O
you	O
know	O


I	O
keep	O
wondering	O
how	O
long	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
last	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
fine	O


what	O
's	O
wrong	O
with	O
me	O


and	O
then	O
finally	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
am	O
just	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
okay	O
that	O
I	O
'm	O
okay	O


and	O
if	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
okay	O
later	O
that	O
's	O
fine	O


but	O
right	O
now	O
I	O
'm	O
okay	O


I	O
have	O
to	O
stop	O
wondering	O
when	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
end	O


So	O
that	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
where	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
.	O


%hm	O
%hm	O
So	O
tell	O
me	O
about	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE


I	O
got	O
your	O
postcard	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
was	O
really	O
fun	O


%um	O
I	O
loved	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


It	O
was	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
expect	O
to	O
enjoy	O
the	O
city	O
so	O
much	O
.	O


You	O
had	O
been	O
there	O
before	O
though	O
had	O
n't	O
you	O


no	O
?	O


Just	O
really	O
briefly	O
.	O


I	O
went	O
to	O
Long	O
Island	O
for	O
a	O
friend	O
's	O
wedding	O


and	O
Katie	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
,	O
my	O
housemate	O
from	O
Oregon	B-GPE
went	O
together	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


and	O
we	O
took	O
a	O
train	O
into	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
a	O
cab	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Metropolitan	I-ORG
Museum	I-ORG
&of	I-ORG
Art	I-ORG
ran	O
around	O
there	O
for	O
an	O
hour	O
and	O
half	O
,	O
took	O
a	O
cab	O
back	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
train	O
back	O
to	O
Long	B-GPE
Island	I-GPE


so	O
I	O
mean	O
that	O
was	O
it	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
all	O
we	O
saw	O
.	O


oh	O
that	O
was	O
it	O
.	O


%um	O
and	O
I	O
liked	O
that	O


but	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
even	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
had	O
actually	O
been	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


%um	O
so	O
this	O
was	O
more	O
like	O


you	O
know	O
we	O
did	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
the	O
**touristy**	O
stuff	O
and	O
walked	O
on	O
the	B-FAC
Brooklyn	I-FAC
Bridge	I-FAC
and	O
mhm	O
.	O
took	O
the	O
ferry	O
and	O
%um	O
walked	O
in	O
Central	B-LOC
Park	I-LOC
and	O
went	O
to	O
a	O
show	O
and	O
all	O
that	O
sort	O
of	O
stuff	O


so	O
it	O
was	O
really	O
fun	O
%um	O


Sounds	O
great	O


and	O
we	O
also	O
went	O
out	O
to	O
Long	B-GPE
Island	I-GPE
where	O
Joe	B-PERSON
's	O
mom	O
lives	O
--	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
and	O
spent	O
time	O
with	O
the	O
whole	O
family	O
So	O
--	O
which	O
was	O
okay	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
good	O
.	O


.	O
At	O
first	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
planning	O
the	O
trip	O
he	O
's	O
like	O
oh	O
I	O
hope	O
we	O
can	O
go	O
out	O
and	O
you	O
know	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
beach	O
and	O
you	O
can	O
meet	O
my	O
brother	O
and	O
my	O
nieces	O
and	O
nephe-	O


he	O
's	O
got	O
three	B-CARDINAL
brothers	O


%um	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
live	O
on	O
Long	B-GPE
Island	I-GPE
.	O


You	O
want	O
to	O
meet	O
my	O
brothers	O
and	O
my	O
nieces	O
and	O
nephews	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
%um	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
Joe	B-PERSON


I	O
do	O
n't	O


I	O
said	O
I	O
think	O
maybe	O
we	O
need	O
the	O
time	O
just	O
to	O
kind	O
of	O
figure	O
out	O
where	O
our	O
relationship	O
is	O
before	O


mhm	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
that	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
meet	O
your	O
family	O


it	O
's	O
just	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


--	O
That	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
at	O
once	O
.	O
I	O
know	O
his	O
mom	O
too	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
she	O
's	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
leery	O
of	O
this	O
whole	O
relationship	O
based	O
on	O
what	O
happened	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
you	O
know	O


mhm	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
hurt	O
her	O
son	O
and	O
all	O
that	O
sort	O
of	O
thing	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
like	O
I	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
I	O
'm	O
ready	O
for	O
that	O


but	O
it	O
ended	O
up	O
happening	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
his	O
brother	O
's	O
birthday	O


and	O
we	O
were	O
out	O
there	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
beach	O


and	O
so	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
okay	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
can	O
handle	O
this	O


and	O
%uh	O
it	O
was	O
very	O
nice	O
actually	O


so	O
Good	O
.	O
that	O
was	O
fine	O


and	O
%uh	O


So	O
where	O
did	O
things	O
end	O
up	O
?	O


oh	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
,	O
Vick	B-PERSON
,	O


%um	O
it	O
was	O
really	O
fun	O


and	O
I	O
mean	O
in	O
some	O
ways	O
Joe	B-PERSON
is	O
somebody	O
I	O
've	O
known	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
and	O
and	O
know	O
pretty	O
well	O


but	O
in	O
other	O
ways	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
whole	O
new	O
relationship	O


mhm	O
.	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
weird	O
to	O
walk	O
that	O
balance	O
like	O
well	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
one	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME
we	O
're	O
talking	O
seriously	O
like	O
where	O
would	O
we	O
live	O
if	O
we	O
wanted	O
to	O
be	O
together	O
and	O
the	O
next	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
Wow	O
.	O
wait	O
a	O
minute	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
believe	O
we	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
this	O


I	O
mean	O


What	O
's	O
he	O
doing	O
now	O
?	O


He	O
's	O
in	O
his	O
last	O
year	O
of	O
graduate	O
school	O
at	O
Columbia	O
University	O
.	O


He	O
's	O
getting	O
his	O
Masters	O
in	O
Public	O
Administration	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
's	O
been	O
working	O
with	O
this	O
man	O
who	O
's	O
starting	O
a	O
new	O
nonprofit	O
organization	O


%um	O


he	O
worked	O
with	O
him	O
last	O
summer	O
and	O
this	O
summer	O
and	O
probably	O
will	O
work	O
with	O
during	O
the	O
school	O
year	O
.	O


Beyond	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
you	O
know	O


but	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
hard	O
because	O
--	O
Kind	O
of	O
open	O
but	O
I	O
mean	O
chances	O
are	O
really	O
good	O
that	O
he	O
'll	O
want	O
to	O
stay	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
or	O
at	O
least	O
on	O
the	O
east	O
coast	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


Right	O
.	O


Kind	O
of	O
interested	O
in	O
politics	O


so	O
D	B-GPE
C	I-GPE
would	O
be	O
an	O
option	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
hard	O
because	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
really	O
yeah	O
where	O
I	O
'm	O
at	O


but	O
I	O
mean	O
we	O
're	O
both	O
sort	O
of	O
like	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
life	O
is	O
taking	O
us	O


and	O


Hard	O
to	O
start	O
a	O
relationship	O
when	O
that	O


yeah	O
,	O


so	O
what	O
do	O
we	O
do	O


you	O
know	O
do	O
we	O
make	O
decisions	O
based	O
on	O
each	O
other	O


I	O
mean	O
this	O
was	O
just	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
weekend	O
we	O
've	O
seen	O
each	O
other	O


so	O
he	O
's	O
coming	O
here	O
over	O
Labor	B-EVENT
Day	I-EVENT
weekend	O
--	O


mhm	O
.	O


and	O
then	O
because	O
my	O
schedule	O
gets	O
so	O
crazy	O
starting	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
October	O
I	O
am	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
there	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
October	I-DATE
.	O


That	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
hard	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
decide	O


you	O
know	O
he	O
has	O
n't	O
even	O
been	O
here	O
yet	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
seen	O
him	O
since	O
the	O
Fourth	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
July	I-DATE
weekend	O


and	O
we	O
decided	O
well	O
you	O
know	O
let	O
's	O
go	O
ahead	O


Now	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
it	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
place	O
because	O
now	O
I	O
remember	O
that	O


The	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
classrooms	O
yeah	O
%um	O
maybe	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thirds	I-CARDINAL
as	O
big	O


mhm	O
mhm	O


But	O
see	O
I	O
have	O
fewer	O
children	O
too	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
good	O


how	O
many	O


About	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
or	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
.	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
good	O
.	O


mhm	O
smallest	O
class	O
in	O
the	O
school	O
.	O


%mm	O


They	O
range	O
I	O
think	O
from	O
my	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
to	O
up	O
about	B-CARDINAL
thirty	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL


And	O
what	O
grade	O
is	O
it	O
again	O
?	O


Third	B-ORDINAL
.	O


okay	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
to	O
pass	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL


but	O
I	O
think	O
the	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
grade	O
has	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
might	O
not	O
all	O
show	O
up	O
either	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
you	O
never	O
can	O
tell	O
with	O
people	O
like	O
that	O


Right	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
shall	O
see	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
'm	O
glad	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
smaller	O
number	O
now	O
.	O


oh	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
one	B-CARDINAL
grade	O
.	O


all	O
one	B-CARDINAL
grade	O


it	O
's	O


Tammy	B-PERSON
you	O
almost	O
wo	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
yourself	O


oh	O
I	O
think	O
I	O
'll	O
find	O
many	O
a	O
thing	O
to	O
do	O
somehow	O


oh	O
oh	O
gosh	O


so	O
have	O
you	O
seen	O
any	O
other	O
teachers	O
?	O


oh	O
yes	O


%um	O
see	O
when	O
the	O
principal	O
was	O
away	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
men	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
grade	O
teacher	O
John	B-PERSON
McCall	I-PERSON
who	O
's	O
a	O
lovely	O
gentleman	O
and	O
the	O
computer	O
teacher	O
Mr.	O
Deverow	B-PERSON
covered	O
the	O
office	O
for	O
the	O
principal	O


%hm	O
%hm	O


I	O
see	O
.	O


So	O
John	B-PERSON
McCall	I-PERSON
was	O
doing	O
it	O
%uh	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE


and	O
Mr.	O
Deverow	B-PERSON
was	O
doing	O
it	O
the	O
week	O
before	O
that	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
they	O
were	O
very	O
helpful	O
.	O


Now	O
will	O
your	O
class	O
have	O
much	O
opportunity	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
computers	O
?	O


oh	O
yes	O


once	O
a	O
week	O
they	O
go	O
up	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
For	O
forty	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
five	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
.	O


I	O
have	O
three	B-CARDINAL
computers	O
in	O
my	O
classroom	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
?	O


Yes	O


every	O
classroom	O
has	O
two	B-CARDINAL
or	O
three	B-CARDINAL
.	O
mhm	O
.	O


oh	O


mhm	O


hey	O
that	O
's	O
good	O
.	O


yeah	O


it	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


%eh	O
they	O
're	O
real	O
old	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
ones	O
in	O
the	O
room	O


they	O
're	O
like	O
%um	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
the	O
old	O
Commodores	B-PRODUCT
I	O
think	O


%mm	O
.	O


but	O
they	O
're	O
I	B-PRODUCT
B	I-PRODUCT
M	I-PRODUCT
compatible	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
good	O


and	O
so	O
like	O
what	O
program	O
is	O
in	O
it	O


what	O
will	O
you	O
use	O
it	O
for	O
?	O


mhm	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
what	O
he	O
's	O
done	O


see	O
Mr.	O
Deverow	B-PERSON
makes	O
these	O
discs	O
uh-huh	O
to	O
go	O
with	O
your	O
work	O


oh	O
.	O


So	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
something	O
on	O
you	O
know	O
addition	O
of	O
facts	O
up	O
to	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
,	O
he	O
'll	O
have	O
a	O
disc	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
use	O
to	O
reinforce	O
those	O
skills	O


Really	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O


he	O
's	O
done	O
that	O
.	O


hey	O
that	O
's	O
great	O
.	O


he	O
's	O
been	O
there	O
twenty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
they	O
say	O


Really	O
.	O


yeah	O


so	O
he	O
has	O
spent	O
many	O
many	O
hours	O
just	O
making	O
discs	O
for	O
the	O
teachers	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
fantastic	O


mhm	O


and	O
we	O
have	O
an	O
art	O
teacher	O
,	O
a	O
music	O
teacher	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
gym	O
teacher	O
Wow	O
.	O
And	O
a	O
fulltime	O
librarian	O
plus	O
an	O
assistant	O
librarian	O
who	O
's	O
a	O
Sister	O
.	O
My	O
goodness	O
.	O
A	O
Benedictine	O
Sister	O


so	O
you	O
do	O
get	O
three	B-CARDINAL
forty	B-TIME
minute	I-TIME
periods	O
well	O
about	O
three	B-CARDINAL
half	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
periods	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
you	O
take	O
them	O
and	O
bring	O
them	O
back	O
a	O
week	O


Yes	O


right	O


right	O
.	O


%mm	O
.	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
also	O
have	O
to	O
stay	O
with	O
the	O
children	O
all	O
during	O
lunch	O
and	O
recess	O


oh	O
so	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
trade	O
-	O
off	O


I	O
think	O
you	O
need	O
that	B-TIME
forty	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME


So	O
when	O
do	O
you	O
get	O
your	O
lunch	O


you	O
eat	O
with	O
them	O
?	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
you	O
eat	O
with	O
them	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
I	O
know	O


do	O
they	O
eat	O
in	O
their	O
room	O


is	O
that	O
it	O
?	O


In	O
the	O
classroom	O
yes	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
I	O
know	O
.	O


aw	O
gee	O


aw	O
gee	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
hate	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
hate	O
to	O
have	O
food	O
in	O
the	O
room	O
I	O
do	O
too	O
yeah	O
.	O
Because	O
it	O
makes	O
animals	O


but	O
however	O


oh	O
dear	O


well	O
speaking	O
of	O
animals	O
remember	O
the	O
fleas	O
we	O
had	O
at	O
Immaculate	B-FAC
Conception	I-FAC
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
that	O
I	O
was	O
telling	O
you	O
about	O
?	O


Yes	O


yeah	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
back	O
again	O
.	O


At	O
Immaculate	B-FAC
Conception	I-FAC


oh	O


At	O
Immaculate	B-FAC
Conception	I-FAC


Carol	B-PERSON
Anne	I-PERSON
said	O
she	O
was	O
eaten	O
alive	O
the	O
other	O
day	O


no	O


oh	O


And	O
Valerie	B-PERSON
was	O
over	O
there	O
helping	O
her	O
with	O
something	O
on	O
the	O
computer	O


yeah	O
.	O


Valerie	B-PERSON
came	O
home	O


she	O
had	O
welts	O
all	O
over	O
her	O
whole	O
legs	O


uh-oh	O


I	O
said	O
where	O
were	O
you	O
today	O
?	O


She	O
said	O
Immaculate	B-FAC
Conception	I-FAC


I	O
said	O
they	O
're	O
fleas	O


oh	O
.	O


No	O
she	O
said	O


no	O


yes	O
they	O
are	O
Valerie	B-PERSON


oh	O
.	O


So	O
Carol	B-PERSON
Anne	I-PERSON
had	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
exterminator	O
to	O
put	O
the	O
bombs	O
in	O
the	O
rooms	O
again	O
.	O


oh	O
my	O
goodness	O


They	O
closed	O
everything	O
up	O
on	O
Friday	B-DATE


and	O
they	O
bombed	O
out	O
the	O
whole	O
place	O
for	O
the	O
weekend	O


oh	O


But	O
how	O
did	O
they	O
come	O
back	O


I	O
guess	O
all	O
the	O
eggs	O
stay	O
in	O
the	O
rug	O


is	O
that	O
it	O
?	O


Well	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


I	O
guess	O
they	O
do	O


but	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
incubating	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
them	O
through	O
the	O
entire	O
year	O


and	O
then	O


yeah	O


no	O


we	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
them	O
again	O
unless	O
they	O
come	O
in	O
the	O
windows	O
in	O
the	O
summer	O
.	O


%mm	O


See	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
it	O
.	O


yeah	O


maybe	O
there	O
's	O
some	O
way	O
And	O
they	O
infest	O
the	O
rugs	O
Because	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
animals	O
around	O
there	O
right	O
?	O


Animals	O
?	O


No	O


no	O
dogs	O
or	O
cats	O
or	O
raccoons	O


right	O


yeah	O


well	O
there	O
could	O
be	O
rats	O


%mm	O
.	O


Rats	O
or	O
anything	O
like	O
that	O


**luch**	O


I	O
've	O
never	O
seen	O
any	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


Mice	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
there	O
are	O


but	O


yeah	O


oh	O
gee	O


well	O
thank	O
God	O
you	O
discovered	O
them	O
now	O
before	O
school	O
started	O


could	O
you	O
imagine	O


right	O
right	O


Well	O
they	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
building	O
when	O
we	O
started	O
school	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


oh	O


The	O
little	O
kindergarteners	O
were	O
all	O
bitten	O
when	O
they	O
sat	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
floor	O
.	O


%ah	O
oh	O


Because	O
they	O
were	O
covered	O
with	O
bandaids	O
on	O
their	O
legs	O
.	O


aw	O


And	O
one	O
mother	O
wrote	O
a	O
note	O


%um	O
dear	O
Mrs.	O
Henry	B-PERSON
my	O
child	O
is	O
bitten	O
by	O
something	O
on	O
her	O
legs	O


you	O
must	O
have	O
fleas	O
in	O
the	O
school	O


oh	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
're	O
the	O
most	O
awful	O
bites	O
I	O
've	O
ever	O
had	O


Yes	O


I	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
's	O
home	O
once	O


and	O
they	O
had	O
fl-	O


oh	O
they	O
are	O
awful	O


mhm	O
and	O
the	O
marks	O
stay	O
with	O
you	O
I	O
thought	O
I	O
really	O
can	O
commiserate	O
with	O
animals	O
now	O
little	O
dogs	O
when	O
I	O
see	O
them	O
scratching	O


oh	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
terrible	O
thing	O


mhm	O


yes	O


oh	O
yes	O


oh	O
yeah	O


mhm	O


oh	O


And	O
they	O
bleed	O
and	O
form	O
this	O
terrible	O
scab	O


yeah	O


%eh	O


oh	O
.	O


Well	O
tell	O
me	O
about	O
your	O
life	O
now	O
?	O


oh	O
I	O
had	O
a	O
wonderful	O
time	O
down	O
in	O
Baltimore	B-GPE


mhm	O
.	O


Really	O
good	O
%uh	O
symposium	O


I	O
love	O
the	O
workshops	O


and	O
%uh	O
then	O
in	O
the	O
evenings	O
my	O
mom	O
and	O
I	O
linked	O
up	O
together	O


and	O
we	O
did	O
something	O
different	O
each	O
night	O
.	O


oh	O
nice	O


yeah	O


the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
night	O
we	O
went	O
over	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
Inner	I-LOC
Harbor	I-LOC


and	O
then	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
night	O
they	O
had	O
scheduled	O
%uh	O
a	O
cruise	O
you	O
know	O
on	O
the	O
Spirit	O
of	O
Baltimore	B-GPE
you	O
know	O


oh	O
yes	O
.	O


And	O
fortunately	O
,	O
that	O
hurricane	O
did	O
n't	O
affect	O
us	O


it	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
hit	O
that	O
night	O
you	O
know	O
and	O
have	O
very	O
choppy	O
waters	O
and	O
everything	O


but	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O


it	O
was	O
a	O
beautiful	O
evening	O


mhm	O
mhm	O
uh-huh	O


and	O
that	O
was	O
about	O
a	O
three	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
cruise	O


oh	O
nice	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


we	O
were	O
on	O
the	O
ship	O
over	B-TIME
three	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
and	O
actually	O
moving	O
about	B-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
I	O
guess	O


and	O
then	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
night	O
we	O
went	O
over	O
to	O
Little	B-LOC
Italy	I-LOC
and	O
had	O
a	O
very	O
nice	O
Italian	B-NORP
dinner	O


oh	O


yeah	O


it	O
was	O
fun	O
.	O


oh	O
good	O
.	O


really	O
was	O


and	O
the	O
Little	O
Italy	O
looks	O
very	O
much	O
like	O
south	B-LOC
Philadelphia	I-LOC
actually	O


%ah	O


And	O
%um	O
the	O
restaurants	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
row	O
houses	O


the	O
row	O
houses	O
are	O
just	O
kind	O
of	O
broken	O
through	O
on	O
the	O
insides	O
you	O
know	O


and	O
%uh	O


%ah	O
mhm	O
uh-huh	O


yeah	O


so	O
it	O
was	O
fun	O


really	O
was	O


yeah	O


and	O
my	O
mom	O
got	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
rest	O
while	O
I	O
was	O
oh	O
that	O
sounds	O
nice	O
.	O
oh	O
good	O
mhm	O
At	O
the	O
workshops	O
all	O
day	O


she	O
was	O
just	O
resting	O
enjoying	O
herself	O
and	O


Right	O


yeah	O


mhm	O


That	O
's	O
nice	O
she	O
could	O
go	O
with	O
you	O
mhm	O


yeah	O


I	O
'm	O
glad	O
she	O
could	O
because	O
just	O
it	O
happened	O
to	O
work	O
out	O
because	O
she	O
had	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
left	O
of	O
vacation	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE


so	O


Right	O


yes	O


mhm	O


and	O
then	O
you	O
had	O
a	O
good	O
time	O
at	O
the	O
beach	O
I	O
know	O
at	O
Stone	B-FAC
Harbor	I-FAC


oh	O
yeah	O


that	O
was	O
nice	O
and	O
relaxing	O


that	O
was	O
great	O
too	O


it	O
really	O
was	O


so	O
%uh	O
the	O
thing	O
with	O
this	O
%um	O
the	O
hotel	O
happened	O
to	O
be	O
about	O
%um	O
a	O
block	O
away	O
from	O
Camden	B-FAC
Yards	I-FAC
which	O
is	O
the	O
stadium	O


Yes	O


mhm	O


Well	O
we	O
arrived	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
traffic	O
was	O
going	O
in	O
for	O
the	O
game	O


well	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
game	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
even	O
know	O
where	O
I	O
was	O
going	O
you	O
know	O


I	O
was	O
just	O
following	O
the	O
directions	O


well	O
the	O
traffic	O


I	O
was	O
beside	O
myself	O


I	O
said	O
oh	O
my	O
goodness	O


oh	O
no	O


oh	O
mhm	O
mhm	O


and	O
here	O
you	O
know	O
as	O
we	O
approached	O
the	O
stadium	O
we	O
saw	O
that	O
's	O
where	O
people	O
were	O
headed	O


and	O
we	O
said	O
oh	O
there	O
must	O
be	O
a	O
game	O


and	O
sure	O
enough	O
there	O
was	O


so	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
the	O
Orioles	B-ORG
had	O
a	O
home	O
game	O


%ah	O


So	O
the	O
traffic	O
was	O
unbe-	O


but	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
drive	O
once	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
got	O
there	O


but	O
we	O
were	O
just	O
walking	O
around	O


and	O
they	O
're	O
such	O
avid	O
fans	O


it	O
's	O
unbelievable	O


I	O
mean	O
everything	O
was	O
the	O
Orioles	B-ORG
you	O
know	O


and	O
of	O
course	O
I	O
know	O
nothing	O
about	O
the	O
Orioles	B-ORG
other	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
a	O
team	O
you	O
know	O


mhm	O
.	O


And	O
%uh	O
it	O
seems	O
one	O
of	O
their	O
players	O
is	O
about	O
to	O
break	O
Lou	B-PERSON
Gehrig	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
record	O
or	O
something	O
?	O


oh	O
yes	O


it	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
T	O
V	O
mhm	O


oh	O
listen	O
to	O
you	O


you	O
know	O
all	O
this	O
stuff	O


see	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
you	O
know	O


but	O
in	O
fact	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
fellows	O
is	O
talking	O
about	O
this	O
player	O
whom	O
I	O
never	O
heard	O
of	O
you	O
know	O
and	O
how	O
proud	O
they	O
are	O
of	O
him	O
and	O
everybody	O


he	O
says	O
oh	O
this	O
whole	O
town	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
crazy	O
when	O
he	O
breaks	O
that	O
record	O


mhm	O


well	O
I	O
've	O
seen	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
T	O
V	O


yeah	O


oh	O
boy	O
%mm	O


all	O
this	O
you	O
know	O


so	O
oh	O
well	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
good	O
old	O
Phillies	B-ORG
we	O
're	O
not	O
quite	O
that	O
avid	O
fans	O


No	O


they	O
've	O
gone	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
bottom	O
again	O
have	O
n't	O
they	O
or	O
pretty	O
close	O


oh	O
they	O
probably	O


well	O
they	O
won	O
today	O
.	O


Or	O
did	O
they	O
?	O


Yes	O
Pat	B-PERSON
was	O
listening	O
to	O
the	O
game	O
.	O


They	O
won	O
today	O
in	O
the	O
tenth	B-ORDINAL
inning	O


oh	O


And	O
they	O
won	O
another	O
game	O
this	O
week	O


so	O
that	O
's	O
good	O
you	O
know	O


they	O
're	O
coming	O
up	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
you	O
know	O


but	O
%uh	O
Well	O
maybe	O
they	O
'll	O
get	O
back	O
up	O
there	O
mhm	O
they	O
really	O
get	O
into	O
these	O
slumps	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
's	O
unbelievable	O


Yes	O


mhm	O


yeah	O


mhm	O


you	O
almost	O
hate	O
to	O
see	O
them	O
lose	O
a	O
game	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
as	O
though	O
here	O
goes	O
about	O
twelve	B-CARDINAL
or	O
thirteen	B-CARDINAL
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
lose	O


you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
just	O
lose	O
one	B-CARDINAL
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
and	O
then	O
win	O


it	O
's	O
just	O
they	O
get	O
into	O
a	O
real	O
slump	O


mhm	O
.	O


Well	O
but	O
anyway	O


and	O
and	O
now	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
Pat	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
home	O
this	O
evening	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
all	O


Mary	B-PERSON
's	O
away	O


She	O
's	O
on	O
retreat	O


mhm	O


She	O
gets	O
back	O
Tuesday	B-DATE
I	O
think	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
%uh	O


question	O


did	O
you	O
see	O
Annette	B-PERSON
today	O
?	O


I	O
did	O


yeah	O


Pat	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
went	O
over	O


%eh	O
we	O
went	O
over	O
this	O
morning	O
about	B-TIME
eleven	I-TIME


How	O
's	O
she	O
doing	O
?	O


mhm	O
.	O


Well	O
she	O
looked	O
well	O


%eh	O
she	O
's	O
on	O
complete	O
bed	O
rest	O
because	O
she	O
has	O
the	O
phlebitis	O


%hm	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


Definitely	O


and	O
they	O
had	O
to	O
give	O
her	O
the	O
Heprin	B-PRODUCT


and	O
of	O
course	O
that	O
affects	O
her	O
platelets	O


oh	O
And	O
you	O
know	O
she	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
give	O
her	O
the	O
chemo	O
this	O
Thursday	B-DATE


oh	O
wow	O


So	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


she	O
said	O
I	O
'm	O
just	O
disgusted	O


and	O
mhm	O
You	O
know	O
I	O
could	O
appreciate	O
this	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
thinking	O
why	O
does	O
n't	O
he	O
hold	O
off	O
another	O
week	O
aw	O
aye	O
you	O
know	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
know	O
each	O
one	O
is	O
counteracting	O
the	O
other	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
an	O
easy	O
decision	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
make	O
.	O


yeah	O
%hm	O
.	O


Nor	O
for	O
her	O
either	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
thinking	O
oh	O
my	O
gosh	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


But	O
she	O
seemed	O
in	O
good	O
spirit	O


%hm	O


%um	O
had	O
a	O
couple	O
books	O
there	O
.	O


mhm	O


had	O
the	O
T	O
V	O
on	O
when	O
we	O
got	O
there	O


and	O
she	O
said	O
I	O
'm	O
really	O
dozing	O
through	O
this	O
you	O
know	O


it	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
shows	O
.	O


%hm	O
yes	O


and	O
then	O
Ray	B-PERSON
Catherine	I-PERSON
I	O
saw	O
yesterday	O
.	O


%ah	O
%hm	O


and	O
%uh	O


she	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
live	O
at	O
New	O
Sherry	O
now	O


is	O
that	O
it	O


yeah	O


Yes	O


she	O
told	O
me	O
that	O
.	O


She	O
told	O
me	O
that	O
.	O


mhm	O


So	O
%uh	O


The	O
day	O
%uh	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
leaving	O
was	O
the	O
day	O
that	O
she	O
moved	O
in	O
there	O
,	O
you	O
know	O


that	O
morning	O
yet	O
,	O


well	O
oh	O
really	O
oh	O
that	O
morning	O
.	O


Thank	O
God	O
Irene	B-PERSON
I	O
had	O
cleaned	O
the	O
room	O
before	O
.	O
oh	O
oh	O
my	O
goodness	O
because	O
after	O
that	O


You	O
mean	O
the	O
day	O
that	O
Marcia	B-PERSON
picked	O
you	O
up	O
?	O


That	O
day	O
?	O


oh	O


Yes	O
that	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


I	O
knew	O
Marcia	B-PERSON
would	O
be	O
there	O
like	O
after	O
lunch	O
or	O
so	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


And	O
I	O
said	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
spend	O
this	O
whole	O
morning	O
cleaning	O
this	O
room	O
.	O
yeah	O
Plus	O
doing	O
all	O
my	O
laundry	O
and	O
the	O
wash	O
and	O
packing	O
up	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
said	O
let	O
me	O
do	O
all	O
the	O
big	O
cleaning	O
the	O
day	O
before	O
.	O
uh-huh	O
At	O
least	O


Lorraine	B-PERSON
said	O
my	O
Lord	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
the	O
room	O
better	O
than	O
you	O
had	O
ever	O
seen	O
it	O
in	O
your	O
life	O
.	O
oh	O
Not	O
knowing	O
this	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O


oh	O
my	O
gosh	O
.	O


Now	O
after	O
mass	O
Friday	B-DATE
morning	I-DATE
,	O
Dorothy	B-PERSON
says	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
how	O
packed	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


I	O
said	O
well	O
I	O
said	O
I	O
'm	O
in	O
pretty	O
good	O
shape	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
bed	O
you	O
know	O
and	O
take	O
the	O
towels	O
out	O
.	O
yeah	O
.	O
and	O
put	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
my	O
clothes	O
in	O
the	O
bag	O
.	O


Well	O
she	O
says	O
See	O
if	O
you	O
can	O
do	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
hurry	O
because	O
Marie	B-PERSON
Catherine	I-PERSON
's	O
moving	O
into	O
that	O
room	O
.	O


oh	O
my	O
gosh	O


I	O
thought	O
was	O
n't	O
it	O
good	O
that	O
I	O
had	O
done	O
all	O
the	O
cleaning	O
?	O


oh	O
yeah	O
.	O


I	O
looked	O
at	O
the	O
room	O
.	O


Left	O
to	O
vacuum	O
the	O
rug	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
all	O
I	O
left	O
to	O
the	O
last	O
thing	O
.	O


oh	O


And	O
my	O
suitcase	O
to	O
all	O
close	O
up	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
thing	O
that	O
bothers	O
me	O
was	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
get	O
out	O
and	O
then	O
go	O
into	O
like	O
a	O
hallway	O
.	O


Well	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O


what	O
she	O
was	O
aiming	O
to	O
is	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
the	O
%uh	O
Israeli	B-NORP
teachers	O
'	O
organization	O
so	O
she	O
could	O
speak	O
more	O
about	O
her	O
book	O


and	O
then	O
she	O
has	O
got	O
another	O
one	O
that	O
she	O
is	O
writing	O
now	O
.	O


Is	O
n't	O
she	O
something	O
.	O


You	O
see	O
she	O
wrote	O
the	O
one	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
really	O
a	O
success	O


and	O
--	O
Wonderful	O
.	O
--	O
yeah	O
,	O
she	O
spoke	O
to	O
them	O


and	O
the	O
ministry	O
of	O
education	O
has	O
approved	O
it	O
so	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
available	O
if	O


what	O
is	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
title	O
of	O
the	O
book	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
world	O
folklore	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
send	O
you	O
a	O
pamphlet	O


you	O
'll	O
see	O
.	O


oh	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
buy	O
that	O
book	O
.	O


%uh	O
she	O
has	O
to	O
%uh	O
autograph	O
it	O
for	O
me	O


and	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
have	O
it	O
.	O


Well	O
she	O
That	O
should	O
be	O
fascinating	O
.	O
Well	O
she	O
's	O
ordered	O
it	O
through	O
%uh	O
what	O
's	O
his	O
name	O
%uh	O
is	O
it	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Kahn	I-PERSON
or	O
somebody	O
who	O
handles	O


Yes	O
yes	O
yes	O
yes	O


but	O
it	O
's	O


yeah	O
yeah	O
--	O


yeah	O


that	O
's	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
available	O
.	O


They	O
've	O
had	O
a	O
hard	O
time	O
somehow	O
getting	O
it	O
across	O
because	O
it	O
comes	O
through	O
Cypress	B-GPE


you	O
know	O
there	O
are	O
all	O
kinds	O
Yes	O
--	O
--	O
of	O
drayluch	O
that	O
evolved	O


--	O
but	O
is	O
n't	O
she	O
wonderful	O
really	O
--	O


Well	O
I	O
'll	O
tell	O
you	O


--	O
she	O
's	O
really	O
remarkable	O
.	O


She	O
has	O
done	O
such	O
wonderful	O
work	O
,	O
Ida	B-PERSON
.	O
--	O


Listen	O


--	O
you	O
must	O
be	O
very	O
proud	O
of	O
her	O
.	O


let	O
me	O
tell	O
you	O


the	O
book	O
has	O
been	O
%uh	O
taken	O
to	O
China	B-GPE


but	O
you	O
know	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
problem	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
copying	O


they	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
spend	O
the	O
money	O
.	O


%uh	O
,	O
I	O
know	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
book	O
is	O
in	O
China	B-GPE


and	O
it	O
's	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE


and	O
it	O
's	O
in	O
Germany	B-GPE


and	O
%uh	O
that	O
is	O
what	O
her	O
publisher	O
and	O
editor	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
get	O
it	O
through	O
the	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
school	O
district	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
mine	O
you	O
know	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
foreign	O
people	O
here	O
--	O


Yes	O
of	O
course	O
.	O


--	O
and	O
%uh	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
woman	O
who	O
's	O
heading	O
the	O
purchases	O
of	O
book	O
at	O


she	O
teaches	O
at	O
Columbia	B-ORG
University	I-ORG


but	O
she	O
handles	O
the	O
purchases	O
of	O
the	O
book	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
%uh	O
city	O
schools	O
--	O


Is	O
n't	O
that	O
amazing	O
?	O


--	O
so	O
she	O
's	O
working	O
on	O
it	O


and	O
you	O
see	O
Anita	O
has	O
been	O
running	O
around	O
to	O
so	O
many	O
conventions	O


in	O
fact	O
in	O
October	B-DATE
she	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
another	O
convention	O
in	O
Buffalo	B-GPE
.	O


She	O
's	O
been	O
to	O
Savannah	B-GPE


and	O
she	O
's	O
been	O
to	O
%uh	O
--	O
Yes	O
.	O
--	O
South	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE


and	O
she	O
's	O
been	O
%uh	O
--	O


Gosh	O


--	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
begin	O
to	O
name	O
all	O
the	O
places	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
remarkable	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
telling	O
you	O
Ida	B-PERSON


it	O
's	O
breathtaking	O
.	O


You	O
see	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
wonderful	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
so	O
exciting	O
.	O


that	O
's	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
see	O
it	O
--	O


It	O
's	O
really	O
remarkable	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
telling	O
you	O


it	O
's	O
--	O
it	O
e-	O
yeah	O
--	O
really	O
remarkable	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
remarkable	O
.	O
and	O
this	O
came	O
from	O
--	O
What	O
she	O
has	O
done	O
.	O


--	O
this	O
came	O
from	O
an	O
essay	O
that	O
she	O
had	O
written	O
for	O
her	O
Masters	O
here	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
she	O
has	O
a	O
second	O
Masters	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
as	O
--	O
I	O
know	O
.	O
--	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
language	O
.	O


%ah	O


So	O
it	O
became	O
a	O
book	O


Is	O
it	O
th-	O


that	O
's	O
so	O
wonderful	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
boys	O
?	O


It	O
is	O
exciting	O
.	O


uch	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
exciting	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
word	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
really	O
wonderful	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
such	O
a	O
happy	O
news	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


Well	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
different	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
such	O
hard	O
time	O
here	O
this	O
morning	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
such	O
a	O
difficult	O
time	O
here	O
this	O
morning	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
different	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
imagine	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
imagine	O
.	O


I	O
read	O
the	O
paper	O
and	O
heard	O
the	O
news	O
.	O


Jerusalem	B-GPE


oh	O
th-	O


you	O
know	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
so	O
devastating	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
begin	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
.	O


A	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
people	O
are	O
wounded	O
and	O
seven	B-CARDINAL
dead	O
.	O


Yes	O
yes	O
.	O


%uh	O
,	O
you	O
see	O
.	O


oh	O
Ida	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
unbelievable	O
.	O


how	O
long	O
can	O
this	O
go	O
on	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


you	O
know	O
we	O


it	O
's	O
such	O
a	O
feeling	O
of	O
helplessness	O
.	O


Everybody	O
is	O
in	O
danger	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
whole	O
country	O
that	O
's	O
you	O
know	O


but	O
%eh	O
%eh	O


Everyone	O
is	O
in	O
danger	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
where	O
you	O
are	O
--	O
Everyone	O
Ida	O
--	O
because	O
you	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
throw	O
and	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Everyone	O


Well	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
somebody	O
is	O
willing	O
to	O
blow	O
himself	O
up	O
it	O
makes	O
it	O
very	O
difficult	O
.	O


Well	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
willing	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
so	O
terribly	O
sad	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
willing	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
so	O
sad	O
Ida	B-PERSON
.	O


It	O
is	O
so	O
--	O
--	O
unbelievably	O
sad	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
has	O
n't	O
it	O
divided	O
the	O
country	O
?	O


263.85_264.42_A:	O
Are	O
n't	O
there	O
--	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


Look	O


I	O
--	O
--	O
pro	O
and	O
against	O
?	O
--	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
.	O


No	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
it	O
has	O
really	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
.	O


Because	O
I	O
feel	O
that	O
the	O
people	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
seal	O
off	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
countries	O
from	O
Gaza	B-LOC
,	O
for	O
example	O
and	O
just	O
not	O
let	O
them	O
come	O
in	O
anymore	O
and	O
let	O
them	O
do	O
whatever	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


the	O


Look	O


they	O
should	O
also	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
--	O
Yes	O
but	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
--	O
and	O
determine	O
their	O
own	O
futures	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
see	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
religious	O
element	O
both	O
here	O
in	O
America	O
and	O
in	O
Israel	O
--	O
--	O
who	O
refuse	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
--	O
But	O
Gaza	B-LOC
is	O
not	O
the	O
--	O
g-	O
--	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
holy	O
land	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


but	O
not	O
Gaza	B-LOC
.	O


not	O
Gaza	B-LOC
.	O


Not	O
Gaza	B-LOC
.	O


Not	O
Gaza	B-LOC


but	O
the	O
%uh	O


Gaza	B-LOC
does	O
n't	O
come	O
under	O
this	O
thing	O
.	O


yeah	O


but	O
the	O
%uh	O
West	B-LOC
Bank	I-LOC
and	O
so	O
on	O


yeah	O


we	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
to	O
that	O
yet	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
not	O
finished	O
with	O
Gaza	B-LOC
.	O


We	O
've	O
got	O
no	O
end	O
.	O


we	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
to	O
run	O
first	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
a	O
fire	O
.	O


So	O
sad	O
.	O


uch	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
so	O
sad	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
very	O
devastating	O
every	O
day	O
to	O
get	O
up	O
and	O
hear	O
of	O
another	O
blast	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
very	O
devastating	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
terrible	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
get	O
up	O
early	O
.	O


I	O
got	O
up	O
at	O
five	B-TIME
.	O


So	O
I	O
get	O
the	O
news	O
very	O
early	O
.	O
Because	O
I	O
bring	O
in	O
the	O
--	O
yeah	O
the	O
bad	O
news	O
.	O
--	O
paper	O
and	O
hear	O
the	O
radio	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
--	O


That	O
's	O
terrible	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
just	O
worried	O
how	O
long	O
this	O
can	O
go	O
on	O
.	O
Because	O
,	O
you	O
see	O
,	O
Rabin	B-PERSON
is	O
having	O
a	O
hell	O
of	O
a	O
time	O
to	O
satisfy	O
the	O
elements	O
.	O
You	O
know	O
.	O


Well	O
he	O
has	O
to	O
continue	O
.	O


Well	O
of	O
course	O
.	O


%uh	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
choice	O
.	O


He	O
must	O
continue	O
what	O
he	O
started	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
see	O
Grace	B-PERSON
,	O
this	O
goes	O
--	O
No	O
.	O
--	O
back	O
to	O
nineteen	B-DATE
sixty	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
six	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
war	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
teaching	O
Pinchas	B-PERSON
Sapir	I-PERSON
English	B-LANGUAGE
at	O
the	O
Kiriyah	B-FAC


Right	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
had	O
some	O
very	O
interesting	O
discussions	O
with	O
him	O
back	O
--	O
mhm	O
.	O
--	O
then	O
when	O
I	O
said	O
to	O
him	O
we	O
've	O
go	O
to	O
settle	O
with	O
the	O
Arabs	B-NORP
before	O
they	O
get	O
strong	O


and	O
he	O
laughed	O
at	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
some	O
day	O
you	O
'll	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
have	O
said	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


This	O
should	O
be	O
settled	O
because	O
the	O
longer	O
you	O
wait	O
the	O
stronger	O
they	O
become	O
.	O


It	O
should	O
have	O
been	O
settled	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
sixty	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
.	O


We	O
should	O
have	O
given	O
it	O
back	O
right	O
then	O
and	O
there	O
.	O


And	O
get	O
it	O
over	O
with	O
.	O


yeah	O


because	O


But	O
you	O
see	O


Well	O
I	O
'm	O
very	O
mad	O
with	O
Golda	B-PERSON
because	O
she	O
refused	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
see	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O
was	O
we	O
're	O
proud	O


we	O
showed	O
them	O
we	O
could	O
defeat	O
them	O


and	O
so	O
therefore	O
why	O
should	O
we	O
talk	O
to	O
them	O


they	O
're	O
the	O
underdog	O
now	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
I	O
will	O
never	O
forget	O
what	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
girls	O
said	O
to	O
me	O
in	O
seminar	O
Levinsky	B-PERSON
--	O
oh	O
it	O
's	O
too	O
terrible	O
.	O
--	O
when	O
I	O
brought	O
up	O
the	O
issue	O


they	O
were	O
ready	O
to	O
choke	O
me	O


they	O
said	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
mean	O


they	O
were	O
ready	O
to	O
throw	O
us	O
into	O
the	O
sea	O


now	O
we	O
can	O
throw	O
them	O
into	O
the	O
sea	O
.	O


Well	O
yeah	O
.	O
I	O
still	O
remember	O
those	O
discussions	O


and	O
I	O
said	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
this	O
is	O
wrong	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
's	O
happened	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
it	O
's	O
wrong	O
.	O


You	O
see	O
nations	O
make	O
mistakes	O
.	O


tough	O
luck	O


they	O
did	O
n't	O
like	O
us	O
anyway	O
.	O


%eh	O
%eh	O
the	O
best	O
news	O
is	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Well	O
that	O
the	O
world	O
can	O
at	O
least	O
see	O
something	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
yet	O
what	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


You	O
never	O
know	O
,	O


you	O
never	O
know	O
the	O
game	O
.	O


Well	O
You	O
never	O
know	O


but	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
well	O
,	O


but	O
the	O
response	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
should	O
be	O
very	O
strong	O
against	O
him	O
.	O


Now	O
Grace	B-PERSON
are	O
you	O
looking	O
for	O
justice	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
justice	O
exists	O
.	O


No	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
looking	O
for	O
justice	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
looking	O
for	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
these	O
hostilities	O
.	O


Well	O
if	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
justice	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
think	O
--	O
That	O
's	O
all	O
.	O
--	O
that	O
Iraq	B-GPE
should	O
've	O
been	O
killed	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
ago	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
've	O
given	O
up	O
on	O
justice	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
justice	O
exists	O
anymore	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
something	O
Ida	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
average	O
person	O
on	O
the	O
street	O
like	O
you	O
and	O
me	O
one	O
day	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
to	O
prevail	O


he	O
just	O
simply	O
has	O
to	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
assure	O
you	O
that	O
those	O
Arab	B-NORP
women	O
feel	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
about	O
their	O
sons	O
that	O
we	O
feel	O
about	O
ours	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
.	O
Of	O
course	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
no	O
question	O
.	O


And	O
one	O
day	O
the	O
people	O
will	O
have	O
enough	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
in	O
the	O
people	O
Ida	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
.	O


I	O
really	O
do	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
.	O
Of	O
course	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
in	O
justice	O


but	O
I	O
believe	O
in	O
the	O
common	O
man	O
.	O


He	O
'll	O
have	O
it	O
up	O
to	O
his	O
eyelashes	O


and	O
he	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
stand	O
it	O
anymore	O
.	O


But	O


Well	O
,	O
that	O
takes	O


Oklahoma	B-GPE
,	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
need	O
it	O
for	O
?	O


Kennedy	B-FAC
airport	I-FAC
was	O
closed	O
for	O
hours	O
the	O
day	O
that	O
I	O
left	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
left	O
through	O
Boston	B-GPE
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
came	O
to	O
Zurich	B-GPE


and	O
I	O
must	O
tell	O
you	O


congratulations	O
to	O
the	O
Swiss	B-NORP
.	O


They	O
took	O
out	O
all	O
the	O
suitcases	O
of	O
the	O
continuing	O
passengers	O
--	O
yeah	O
.	O
--	O
and	O
put	O
them	O
in	O
rooms	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
only	O
the	O
Swiss	B-NORP
who	O
got	O
my	O
two	B-CARDINAL
suitcases	O
together	O
.	O


%hm	O
.	O


no	O
other	O
people	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
so	O
orderly	O
and	O
so	O
efficient	O
.	O


%mm	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
they	O
would	O
've	O
had	O
one	O
here	O


and	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
the	O
other	O
one	O
.	O


over	O
there	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


it	O
was	O
wonderful	O
.	O


Well	O
the	O
Swiss	B-NORP
you	O
know	O
are	O
orderly	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
really	O
wonderful	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
that	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
when	O
I	O
came	O
home	O
Ida	B-PERSON
my	O
daughter	O
met	O
me	O
at	O
the	O
airport	O
--	O
How	O
did	O
you	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
--	O
with	O
her	O
little	O
girl	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
little	O
girl	O
had	O
said	O
to	O
her	O
mother	O
mother	O
maybe	O
Savta	B-PERSON
will	O
have	O
her	O
face	O
fixed	O


and	O
we	O
wo	O
n't	O
recognize	O
her	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
's	O
eight	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
you	O
know	O
.	O


Is	O
n't	O
that	O
marvelous	O
?	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


yeah	O
I	O
--	O
you	O
nee-	O
--	O
should	O
have	O
done	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
should	O
have	O
done	O
it	O
.	O


Listen	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
.	O


Grace	B-PERSON
is	O
this	O
so	O
common	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
have	O
these	O
facials	O
?	O


I	O
beg	O
your	O
pardon	O
.	O


Is	O
it	O
so	O
common	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
to	O
have	O
--	O
Ida	O
--	O
--	O
facials	O
?	O


--	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
that	O
common	O
,	O


no	O
.	O


No	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
.	O


But	O
sometimes	O


Here	O
it	O
's	O
very	O
common	O
.	O


You	O


yeah	O


Do	O
n't	O
forget	O
Beverly	B-GPE
Hills	I-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
beauty	O
center	O
.	O


yeah	O


right	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
should	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
you	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
should	O
have	O
done	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
had	O
a	O
student	O


You	O
better	O
give	O
me	O
your	O
phone	O
number	O
because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
number	O
.	O


Please	O
take	O
it	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
pencil	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
writing	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
three	B-CARDINAL
one	B-CARDINAL
zero	B-CARDINAL


yeah	O
.	O


two	B-CARDINAL
seven	B-CARDINAL
seven	B-CARDINAL


two	B-CARDINAL
seven	B-CARDINAL
seven	B-CARDINAL


one	B-CARDINAL
eight	B-CARDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
six	B-CARDINAL


one	B-CARDINAL
eight	B-CARDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
six	B-CARDINAL
.	O


You	O
've	O
made	O
this	O
a	O
very	O
happy	O
day	O
for	O
me	O
,	O
I	O
must	O
tell	O
you	O
Ida	B-PERSON
--	O
Listen	O
you	O
sound	O
--	O
a	O
very	O
very	O
happy	O
day	O
.	O


But	O
listen	O
Grace	B-PERSON


you	O
sound	O
hoarse	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
cold	O
?	O


Well	O
no	O


you	O
know	O
Ida	O
I	O
've	O
had	O
this	O
terrib-	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
old	O
story	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
old	O
story	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
much	O
better	O
because	O
I	O
have	O
used	O
a	O
Ventalin	B-PRODUCT
of	O
late	O
,	O
--	O
--	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


But	O
you	O
know	O
%uh	O
the	O
problem	O
with	O
these	O
is	O
%uh	O
%uh	O


What	O
is	O
it	O


a	O
spray	O
?	O


Ventalin	B-PRODUCT
is	O
a	O
spray	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
with	O
the-	O


What	O
's	O
it	O
called	O
?	O


What	O
's	O
it	O
called	O


because	O
I	O
use	O
one	O
too	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
Ventalin	B-PRODUCT
.	O


It	O
's	O
called	O
Ventalin	B-PRODUCT


and	O
it	O
has	O


Yes	O
,	O


very	O
powerful	O
.	O


It	O
stopped	O
me	O
from	O
coughing	O
for	O
a	O
whole	O
week	O
.	O


Who	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
you	O
,	O


an	O
allergist	O
?	O


the	O
doctor	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
problem	O
with	O
this	O
stuff	O
is	O
Ida	B-PERSON
that	O
after	O
a	O
while	O
your	O
body	O
gets	O
used	O
to	O
it	O
,	O


you	O
see	O
?	O


And	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
work	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
not	O
really	O
working	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
should	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
doctor	O
and	O
get	O
a-	O


Well	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
also	O
use	O
a	O
spray	O
because	O
I	O
have	O
asthma	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
've	O
got	O
--	O
And	O
,	O
%uh	O
--	O
too	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
have	O
asthma	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
this	O
spray	O
has	O
been	O
really	O
effect-	O


what	O
do	O
you	O
use	O
,	O
Ida	B-PERSON
,	O


Betrafort	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
called	O
Airobid	B-PRODUCT
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


well	O
I	O
thi-	O


I	O
used	O
Evancerol	B-PRODUCT


and	O
%uh	O
what	O
it	O
did	O
it	O
made	O
my	O
voice	O
so	O
hoarse	O
I	O
was	O
embarrassed	O
when	O
I	O
spoke	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
went	O
here	O
to	O
the	O
pulmonary	O
department	O
at	O
U	B-ORG
C	I-ORG
L	I-ORG
A	I-ORG
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
university	O
--	O
Yes	O
.	O
--	O
and	O
got	O
the	O
top	O
man	O
there	O
.	O


A	O
great	O
guy	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
changed	O
me	O
to	O
the	O
Airobid	B-PRODUCT


and	O
I	O
'm	O
very	O
happy	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O


Well	O
I	O


%uh	O
%uh	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
only	O
relief	O
I	O
've	O
gotten	O
really	O
in	O
fifteen	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
believe	O
it	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
--	O
uh-huh	O
.	O
--	O
was	O
from	O
this	O
Ventalin	B-PRODUCT
.	O


But	O
I	O
see	O
that	O
i-	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
powerful	O
one	O
.	O


They	O
wo	O
n't	O
let	O
me	O
use	O
it	O
because	O
of	O
my	O
fibrillation	O
of	O
the	O
heart	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
use	O
the	O
Ventalin	B-PRODUCT
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
yeah	O


but	O
it	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
an	O
old	O
medication	O
.	O


Listen	O


before	O
I	O
forget	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
ask	O
you	O
again	O
the	O
name	O


Yes	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
read	O
this	O
number	O
to	O
you	O
again	O
.	O


Yes	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


right	O
now	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
two	B-CARDINAL
seven	B-CARDINAL
seven	B-CARDINAL


three	B-CARDINAL
one	B-CARDINAL
eight	B-CARDINAL


one	B-CARDINAL
eight	B-CARDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
six	B-CARDINAL


How	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


I	O
'm	O
doing	O
great	O
man	O
,	O


it	O
took	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE


and	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
going	O
nonstop	O
since	O
November	B-DATE


man	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
unbelievable	O
.	O


With	O
your	O
band	O
or	O
what	O
?	O


:	O
Well	O
%uh	O
,	O
with	O
my	O
band	O


it	O
started	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
with	O
workshops	O


all	O
of	O
a	O
sudden	O
the	O
music	O
schools	O
found	O
out	O
that	O
I	O
had	O
something	O
to	O
offer	O
my	O
music	O
and	O
rehearsing	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
doing	O
these	O
three	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
workshops	O
Wow	O
.	O
where	O
you	O
do	O
a	O
concert	O
on	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
night	O


and	O
%uh	O
I	O
did	O
it	O
in	O
Saarbruecken	B-GPE
,	O
Mannheim	B-GPE
,	O
Cologne	B-GPE
,	O


Jigs	B-PERSON
brought	O
me	O
up	O
there	O
twi-	O


actually	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
twice	O
.	O


Great	O
.	O


And	O
Nuremburg	B-GPE


and	O
then	O
of	O
course	O
I	O
have	O
my	O
regular	O
Borghausen	B-GPE
thing	O
you	O
know	O
over	O
there	O
where	O
they	O
have	O
the	O
jazz	O
festival	O
yeah	O
?	O
on	O
the	O
Austrian	B-NORP
border	O


it	O
's	O
about	O
a	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
K's	O
from	O
here	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


you	O
've	O
been	O
doing	O
that	O
one	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


several	O
years	O


although	O
it	O
finished	O
last	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O


they	O
ran	O
out	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


well	O


They	O
were	O
paying	O
me	O
real	O
good	O
you	O
know	O
,	O


five	B-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
a	O
shot	O
just	O
to	O
rehearse	O
gigs	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
playing	O
much	O
then	O


or	O
are	O
you	O
just	O
basic-	O


Well	O
yeah	O


I	O
'm	O
playing	O
,	O


sure	O
.	O


so	O
your	O
chops	O
are	O
up	O
?	O


Well	O
no	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
up	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
playing	O


it	O
's	O
very	O
hard	O
to	O
get	O
my	O
chops	O
back	O
in	O
form	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
try	O
,	O


I	O
'll	O
tell	O
you	O
what	O
's	O
happening	O


%uh	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
you	O
knew	O
that	O
we	O
had	O
Conti	B-PERSON
here	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


yeah	O


but	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
talked	O
to	O
hi-	O


yes	O


I	O
did	O
talk	O
to	O
Count	O
,	O


yeah	O
,	O


mhm	O
.	O


What	O
did	O
he	O
say	O
?	O


114.86_118.28_A:	O
well	O
he	O
had	O
said	O
he	O
had	O
a	O
good	O
time	O


but	O
he	O
said	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
play	O
much	O
.	O


Well	O
no	O
,	O


because	O
%uh	O
my	O
chops	O
were	O
down	O
.	O


My	O
chops	O
were	O
down	O


so	O
I	O
just	O
conducted	O
the	O
band	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
the	O
video	O
of	O
the	O
night	O
we	O
played	O
here	O


and	O
whenever	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
together	O
with	O
him	O
sometime	O
--	O
oh	O
really	O
?	O
--	O
have	O
him	O
sh-	O


yeah	O


well	O
I	O
'll	O
get	O
that	O
.	O


%huh	O


Did	O
you	O
know	O
he	O
just	O
had	O
a	O
bypass	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


okay	O


Mupo	B-PERSON
called	O
me	O


I	O
could	O
n't	O
believe	O
it	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
called	O
Count	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O


he	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
all	O
right	O
and	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
playing	O


and	O
in	O
fact	O
he	O
's	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
here	O
in	O
%uh	O
Berlin	B-GPE
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
next	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
.	O


yeah	O


well	O
he	O
's	O
doing	O
fine	O
,	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
talked	O
to	O
him	O


but	O
I	O
've	O
heard	O
roundabout	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
yeah	O
what	O
a	O
st-	O
in	O
town	O
working	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
or	O
something	O


%uh	O
Katzman	B-PERSON
was	O
just	O
here	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
i-	O


who	O
?	O


Katzman	B-PERSON
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O


what	O
's	O
with	O
him	O
?	O


oh	O


oh	O
well	O


well	O
we	O
played	O
some	O
tennis	O


but	O
he	O
's	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
he	O
always	O
has	O
been	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


Where	O
's	O
he	O
living	O
these	O
days	O
?	O


%ah	O
out	O
on	O
the	O
island	O
,	O


Manhasset	B-GPE
I	O
think	O
.	O


%eh	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
keep	O
track	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
's	O
fine	O


So	O
how	O
did	O
you	O
like	O
Japan	B-GPE
?	O


Well	O
I	O
had	O
a	O
good	O
time	O
Al	O
,	O


shit	O
.	O


Had	O
you	O
been	O
there	O
before	O
?	O


yeah	O


I	O
was	O
there	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
ninety	I-DATE
uh-huh	O
.	O
%uh	O
with	O
Percy	B-PERSON
Faith	I-PERSON
,	O


but	O
we	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
very	O
much	O
to	O
play	O
,	O


we	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
that	O
much	O
more	O
to	O
play	O
with	O
Billy	B-PERSON
Vaughan	I-PERSON


but	O
we	O
had	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
believe	O
that	O
Billy	B-PERSON
Vaughan	I-PERSON
is	O
still	O
going	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
Ray	B-PERSON
and	O
those	O
cats	O
were	O
going	O
over	B-DATE
thirty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


yeah	O


I	O
know	O
it	O
,	O


well	O
Billy	B-PERSON
Vaughan	I-PERSON
passed	O
away	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE


%uh	O
but	O
this	O
guy	O
is	O
big	O
over	O
there	O
,	O


I	O
mean	O
we	O
had	O
unbelievable	O
crowds	O
.	O


Well	O
yeah	O


the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
they	O
turn	O
out	O
.	O


No	O


I	O
loved	O
it	O
over	O
there	O


I	O
went	O
over	O
with	O
Zad	B-PERSON
and	O
Mel	B-PERSON
of	O
course	O
in	O
seventy	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
%uh	O
%uh	O
when	O
the	O
hell	O
was	O
it	O
three	B-CARDINAL
or	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
I	O
went	O
over	O
with	O
a	O
Glenn	B-PERSON
Miller	I-PERSON
band	O
from	O
Holland	B-GPE
.	O


%mm	O
oh	O
,	O
was	O
that	O
the	O
one	O
with	O
Zeke	B-PERSON
?	O


With	O
who	O
?	O


Zeke	B-PERSON
?	O


yeah	O


Zeke	B-PERSON
was	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


Have	O
you	O
talked	O
to	O
him	O
about	O
it	O
?	O


Well	O
yeah	O
,	O


well	O
we	O
talked	O
about	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
trip	O
that	O
I	O
did	O
you	O
know	O


yeah	O


he	O
makes	O
all	O
those	O
trips	O
.	O


yeah	O


he	O
was	O
funny	O
.	O


Amazing	O
at	O
his	O
age	O
At	O
his	O
age	O
.	O
still	O
blowing	O
and	O
still	O
drinking	O
.	O


does	O
he	O
drink	O


yeah	O


He	O
's	O
amazing	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
played	O
good	O
,	O


I	O
was	O
glad	O
he	O
was	O
there	O
because	O
I	O
had	O
these	O
young	O
cats	O
all	O
good	O
jazz	O
players	O
but	O
no	O
band	O
experience	O
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
to	O
rehearse	O
them	O
every	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
tour	O


I	O
have	O
a	O
tape	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
concert	O
in	O
Tokyo	B-GPE


and	O
it	O
was	O
pretty	O
good	O
.	O


And	O
there	O
my	O
chops	O
were	O
up	O


I	O
played	O
Jubilee	O
with	O
the	O
high	O
G	O
on	O
the	O
end	O


and	O
Wow	O
.	O
I	O
sang	O
Chattanooga	B-WORK_OF_ART
Choo	I-WORK_OF_ART
Choo	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
Serenade	B-WORK_OF_ART
&in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Blue	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
Fiesta	B-WORK_OF_ART
&in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Blue	I-WORK_OF_ART


and	O
%uh	O
%eh	O
that	O
's	O
where	O
I	O
%ah	O
met	O
this	O
girl	O
singer	O
from	O
Holland	B-GPE


she	O
impressed	O
me	O
so	O
much	O
that	O
I	O
got	O
her	O
on	O
my	O
band	O
about	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


oh	O
what	O
's	O
her	O
name	O
?	O


%eh	O
Lydia	B-PERSON
Van	I-PERSON
Damme	I-PERSON
.	O


mhm	O


Anyhow	O
she	O
's	O
not	O
with	O
me	O
anymore	O
because	O
I	O
discovered	O
another	O
great	O
singer	O
here	O


she	O
's	O
been	O
with	O
me	O
since	O
February	B-DATE
.	O


%uh	O
let	O
me	O
back	O
up	O
now	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
doing	O
all	O
these	O
workshops	O
since	O
November	B-DATE
,	O


and	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
doing	O
the	O
Borghausen	B-GPE
thing	O


and	O
then	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
finally	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
beautiful	O
club	O
here	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
weird	O
scene	O


%uh	O
I	O
say	O
weird	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
this	O
beautiful	O
club	O


but	O
they	O
go	O
from	O
like	O
eleven	B-TIME
till	O
five	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME


and	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
%eh	O
admission	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
young	O
jet	O
set	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
young	O
people	O
with	O
money	O


they	O
stay	O
up	O
all	O
night	O
,	O


and	O
he	O
has	O
live	O
music	O
every	O
night	O
.	O


Anyhow	O
,	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
talking	O
about	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
Monday	B-DATE
night	O
around	O
here	O
for	O
years	O
you	O
know	O
something	O
like	O
the	O
Vanguard	O


yeah	O


with	O
your	O
band	O


%eh	O
yeah	O


and	O
it	O
finally	O
happened	O


so	O
we	O
started	O
in	O
February	B-DATE
.	O


Every	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
on	O
a	O
Monday	B-DATE


and	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
a	O
huge	O
success	O
.	O


Great	O


Of	O
course	O
we	O
did	O
everything	O
first	B-ORDINAL
class	O


new	O
music	O
stands	O
new	O
music	O
stand	O
lights	O
a	O
big	O
curtain	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
with	O
our	O
big	O
logo	O
there	O
and	O
%uh	O
so	O
forth	O
and	O
so	O
on	O


and	O
this	O
new	O
girl	O
singer	O


and	O
she	O
plays	O
trumpet	O


No	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
known	O
her	O
for	O
years	O
as	O
a	O
trumpet	O
player	O


she	O
went	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
music	O
schools	O
here	O
.	O


%huh	O
.	O
She	O
's	O
a	O
German	B-NORP
chick	O


And	O
sh-	O


%huh	O
?	O


yeah	O


Germ-	O


and	O
she	O
sings	O
great	O
.	O


I	O
got	O
to	O
send	O
you	O
a	O
tape	O
man	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
a	O
huge	O
success	O


and	O
then	O
of	O
course	O
in	O
May	B-DATE
to	O
celebrate	O
my	O
birthday	O
we	O
brought	O
in	O
Charlie	B-PERSON
Mariano	I-PERSON


uh-huh	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
video	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


We	O
also	O
got	O
a	O
mitchnit	O
that	O
night	O
from	O
Bayerischer	B-ORG
Rundfunk	I-ORG


so	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
great	O
night	O
.	O


My	O
seventieth	B-ORDINAL
birthday	O


and	O
%uh	O
we	O
finished	O
about	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE


and	O
I	O
'm	O
taking	O
a	O
little	O
break	O
now	O
although	O
I	O
'm	O
still	O
busy	O


I	O
'm	O
doing	O
another	O
%uh	O
workshop	O
soon	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
getting	O
all	O
this	O
music	O
together	O


and	O
%uh	O
we	O
did	O
a	O
job	O
about	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
in	O
Augsburg	B-GPE


it	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
jazz	O
festival	O
there	O


and	O
that	O
went	O
very	O
well	O


five	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
people	O
there	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


Anyhow	O
we	O
start	O
our	O
new	O
%uh	O
season	O
October	B-DATE
ninth	I-DATE


and	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
guest	O
soloist	O
every	B-DATE
two	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
for	O
the	O
remaining	O
six	B-CARDINAL
Mondays	B-DATE
in	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
January	B-DATE
we	O
're	O
actually	O
planning	O
on	O
going	O
every	O
Monday	B-DATE


%eh	O
oh	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
tell	O
you	O
our	O
hours	O
.	O


the	O
no-	O


Well	O
yeah	O


you	O
did	O
eleven	B-TIME
to	O
five	B-TIME


Well	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
normal	O
hours	O
when	O
they	O
bring	O
in	O
these	O
rock	O
groups	O
and	O
weird	O
groups	O


%eh	O
the	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
so	O
damn	O
loud	O
in	O
there	O
it	O
do	O
n't	O
make	O
any	O
difference	O


it	O
's	O
just	O
live	O
mu-	O


We	O
play	O
from	O
eight	B-TIME
thirty	I-TIME
to	O
eleven	B-TIME
on	O
Mondays	B-DATE
.	O


yeah	O


oh	O
great	O
.	O


So	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
different	O
crowd	O
%eh	O
older	O
crowd	O


and	O
then	O
some	O
young	O
people	O
too	O


and	O
we	O
're	O
actually	O
building	O
our	O
own	O
following	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
great	O


and	O
%eh	O
Annetta	B-PERSON
the	O
singer	O
is	O
breaking	O
it	O
up	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
playing	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
section	O
again	O
although	O
my	O
chops	O
are	O
not	O
up	O
to	O
play	O
lead	O
like	O
I	O
did	O
before	O


mhm	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
%uh	O
start	O
section	O
rehearsals	O
next	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
and	O
hope	O
to	O
get	O
back	O
in	O
shape	O
by	O
October	B-DATE
.	O


Do	O
you	O
still	O
have	O
your	O
original	O
rhythm	O
section	O


or	O
are	O
they	O
too	O
busy	O
now	O
?	O


Well	O
%eh	O


The	O
ones	O
you	O
recorded	O
with	O
Al	B-PERSON
Cone	I-PERSON
and	O
all	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


No	O
,	O


well	O
that	O
was	O
eighty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE


yeah	O
.	O


No	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
have	O
great	O
replacements	O


I	O
got	O
lucky	O
you	O
know	O


up	O
until	O
I	O
got	O
that	O
drummer	O
and	O
the	O
piano	O
player	O
especially	O
from	O
Karlsruhe	B-GPE
if	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
them	O
I	O
would	O
be	O
out	O
of	O
business	O
because	O
there	O
was	O
nobody	O
else	O
around	O
.	O


Now	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
good	O
young	O
players	O
popping	O
up	O
in	O
fact	O
now	O
with	O
my	O
band	O
on	O
these	O
Mondays	O
because	O
like	O
my	O
trumpet	O
players	O
my	O
two	B-CARDINAL
lead	O
players	O
they	O
're	O
busy	O
all	O
the	O
times	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
've	O
had	O
to	O
get	O
subs	O


and	O
before	O
it	O
was	O
always	O
a	O
problem	O
.	O


Now	O
there	O
's	O
these	O
good	O
young	O
players	O
I	O
mean	O
good	O
from	O
Stuttgart	B-GPE
Nuremberg	B-GPE


where	O
are	O
they	O
coming	O
from	O
?	O


and	O
they	O
're	O
willing	O
to	O
come	O
here	O
to	O


Where	O
are	O
they	O
coming	O
from	O


through	O
Jig	B-PERSON
's	O
school	O
or	O
something	O
?	O


All	O
the	O
different	O
schools	O


yeah	O


in	O
fact	O
about	B-DATE
%uh	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
Brookmeyer	B-PERSON
was	O
here	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
went	O
on	O
tour	O
with	O
an	O
allstar	O
band	O
of	O
these	O
young	O
new	O
upcoming	O
players	O


%hm	O


%hm	O


They	O
're	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
crop	O
.	O


These	O
two	B-CARDINAL
new	O
trumpet	O
pliers	O
I	O
've	O
been	O
using	O
them	O
as	O
subs	O


and	O
%uh	O
they	O
're	O
willing	O
to	O
come	O
from	O
Stuttgart	B-GPE
and	O
Nuremberg	B-GPE
anywhere	O
to	O
play	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


wow	O
great	O
.	O


Whereas	O
my	O
cats	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
got	O
to	O
kiss	O
asses	O


still	O
they	O
're	O
busy	O
and	O
this	O
and	O
that	O


so	O
yeah	O
yeah	O
I	O
've	O
gotten	O
lucky	O
there	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
open	O
with	O
a	O
guy	O
named	O
Burt	B-PERSON
Yores	I-PERSON
trumpet	O
player	O
from	O
Belgium	B-GPE
very	O
good	O
player	O
and	O
arranger	O


I	O
bought	O
one	O
of	O
his	O
arrangements	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
beautiful	O
arrangement	O


%uh	O
and	O
%uh	O
different	O
soloists	O


Ray	B-PERSON
Peezie	I-PERSON
's	O
coming	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
after	O
tha-	O


yeah	O


I	O
worked	O
with	O
Ray	B-PERSON
the	O
other	O
night	O


and	O
he	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
that	O


yeah	O


You	O
did	O


did	O
he	O
say	O
anything	O
about	O
coming	O
here	O
?	O


yeah	O


we	O
talked	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


What	O
did	O
he	O
say	O
?	O


%mm	O
well	O
he	O
sent	O
you	O
a	O
letter	O
too	O


yeah	O


he	O
's	O
looking	O
forward	O
to	O
it	O


he	O
's	O
got	O
eighteen	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
total	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
am	O


%huh	O
?	O


He	O
's	O
only	O
got	O
eighteen	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
total	O


but	O
%uh	O


yeah	O
,	O


does	O
he	O
play	O
mostly	O
soprano	O
or	O
what	O
?	O


He	O
plays	O
everything	O
.	O


He	O
plays	O
alto	O
and	O
%eh	O


Well	O
yeah	O


because	O
see	O
every	O
time	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
soloist	O
like	O
Conti	B-PERSON
and	O
with	O
Charlie	B-PERSON
Mariano	I-PERSON
I	O
figure	O
out	O
which	O
arrangements	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
play	O
on	O


and	O
I	O
write	O
out	O
all	O
their	O
chords	O
and	O
where	O
to	O
come	O
in	O
and	O
everything	O
--	O


mhm	O
.	O


--	O
and	O
I	O
send	O
them	O
a	O
cassette	O
so	O
that	O
when	O
they	O
get	O
here	O
you	O
know	O


with	O
Conti	B-PERSON
we	O
did	O
n't	O
even	O
have	O
time	O
for	O
one	O
rehearsal	O
not	O
even	O


mhm	O


With	O
Charlie	B-PERSON
we	O
did	O


so	O
this	O
helps	O
a	O
lot	O
.	O


you	O
want	O
me	O
to	O
ask	O
Ray	B-PERSON
what	O
he	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
playing	O
?	O


%uh	O
well	O
%uh	O
did	O
you	O
say	O
he	O
wrote	O
me	O
a	O
letter	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


Because	O
I	O
'm	O
getting	O
%uh	O
ready	O
to	O
contact	O
him	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
so	O
damn	O
busy	O
man	O


and	O
right	O
now	O
I	O
'm	O
%uh	O
working	O
on	O
music	O
now	O


yeah	O


if	O
you	O
happen	O
to	O
see	O
him	O
ask	O
him	O
if	O
he	O
prefers	O
soprano	O
or	O
alto	O
or	O
okay	O
because	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
key	O
to	O
write	O
the	O
solos	O
in	O


yeah	O
okay	O


I	O
'll	O
ask	O
him	O
nex-	O


because	O
we	O
're	O
working	O
together	O
on	O
Sunday	B-DATE


so	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
coincidence	O
anyhow	O


tell	O
him	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
contact	O
him	O
soon	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
'll	O
be	O
sending	O
him	O
of	O
course	O
%uh	O
soon	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
leave	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
last	O
minute	O
the	O
titles	O
he	O
'll	O
play	O
on	O
the	O
cassette	O
and	O
the	O
chords	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
solos	O


Wow	O
.	O


So	O
%uh	O
October	B-DATE
ninth	I-DATE
we	O
have	O
Burt	B-PERSON
Yores	I-PERSON


October	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
third	I-DATE
I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
we	O
have	O
Ray	B-PERSON
Peezie	I-PERSON
on	O
%uh	O
November	B-DATE
third	I-DATE
Roman	B-PERSON
Schvala	I-PERSON


mhm	O
.	O


Remember	O
that	O
name	O
?	O


Sure	O
.	O


Very	O
good	O
tenor	O
man	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
on	O
%eh	O
the	O
following	O
%uh	O
the	O
guy	O
here	O
that	O
had	O
his	O
own	O
club	O
%uh	O
Jerry	B-PERSON
Hayes	I-PERSON


and	O
on	O
%uh	O
December	B-DATE
fourth	I-DATE
I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
Herb	B-PERSON
Geller	I-PERSON
.	O


Really	O
.	O


Right	O


Herb	O
is	O
blowing	O
great	O
you	O
know	O


he	O
retired	O
from	O
the	O
radio	O
finally	O


yeah	O


I	O
knew	O
that	O


I	O
knew	O
that	O


He	O
went	O
to	O
L	B-GPE
A	I-GPE
and	O
made	O
a	O
recording	O
there	O


all	O
Al	B-PERSON
Cone	I-PERSON
tunes	O


he	O
's	O
been	O
quite	O
busy	O
and	O
yeah	O
.	O
playing	O
great	O


He	O
's	O
actually	O
going	O
to	O
play	O
with	O
us	O
in	O
Murenau	B-GPE
some	O
town	O
near	O
here	O
on	O
November	B-DATE
thirtieth	I-DATE


and	O
then	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
following	I-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
he	O
'll	O
play	O
with	O
us	O


and	O
our	O
last	O
one	O
December	B-DATE
%uh	I-DATE
eighteenth	I-DATE
or	O
something	O
John	B-PERSON
Marshall	I-PERSON
is	O
coming	O
down	O
.	O


okay	O
.	O


he	O
did	O
n't	O
command	O
the	O
legs	O
,	O
%huh	O
?	O


mhm	O


sometimes	O
not	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
he	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
be	O
,	O


but	O
he	O
's	O
doing	O
really	O
good	O
.	O


and	O
Now	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
kind	O
of	O
control	O


uh-huh	O


he	O
's	O
much	O
sweeter	O


uh-huh	O


188.81_192.55_B:	O
yeah	O
,	O


he	O
seems	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
,	O


well	O
I	O
mean	O
he	O
was	O
sweet	O
before	O
,	O


but	O


well	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
frustrating	O
process	O
to	O
be	O
always	O
falling	O
down	O
,	O
%huh	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


and	O
now	O
he	O
's	O
usually	O
better	O
,	O


now	O
he	O
's	O
pretty	O
fussy	O


but	O
oi	O


yeah	O


so	O
,	O
how	O
have	O
you	O
been	O
?	O


work	O
and	O
Elizabeth	B-PERSON
?	O


and	O


yeah	O
,	O


that	O
was	O
a	O
hard	O
trip	O


%uh	O
,	O
she	O
's	O
not	O
at	O
all	O
well	O
,	O
matter	O
of	O
fact	O


I	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
surprised	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
phone	O
call	O
anytime	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
really	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


she	O
was	O
wanting	O
to	O
die	O
while	O
we	O
were	O
there	O
.	O


really	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


she	O
's	O
had	O
her	O
fourth	O
stroke	O


and	O
oh	O
gosh	O
.	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
pain	O
on	O
her	O
left	O
side	O
,	O


and	O
she	O
ca	O
n't	O
walk	O
without	O
a	O
walker	O
,	O


and	O
she	O
ca	O
n't	O
go	O
but	O
a	O
few	O
steps	O
,	O


and	O
%mm	O
so	O
she	O
lives	O
in	O
a	O
chair	O
and	O
on	O
couch	O
and	O
back	O
in	O
her	O
hospital	O
bed	O
,	O
right	O
there	O
within	O
a	O
few	O
feet	O
of	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


%mm	O


and	O
she	O
's	O
so	O
used	O
to	O
being	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
up	O
and	O
busy	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
control	O
,	O
and	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
and	O


and	O
she	O
ca	O
n't	O
?	O


no	O
.	O


so	O
she	O
's	O
finishing	O
her	O
autobiography	O
and	O
then	O
%uh	O
wanting	O
to	O
die	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
lifting	O
off	O
,	O


so	O
she	O
's	O
pretty	O
angry	O
and	O
irritable	O
.	O


wondering	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
hold	O
up	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


but	O
her	O
mother	O
died	O
%ah	O
,	O
four	O
years	O
after	O
having	O
a	O
stroke	O
,	O


so	O


oh	O
yeah	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


so	O
she	O
's	O
not	O
supposed	O
to	O
die	O
yet	O
,	O
evidently	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


it	O
's	O
not	O
time	O


well	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
rough	O
trip	O
,	O


but	O


yeah	O
,	O


but	O
Laura	B-PERSON
was	O
able	O
to	O
help	O
her	O
with	O
the	O
book	O
a	O
bit	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
by	O
her	O
sort	O
of	O
secretly	O
wanting	O
her	O
to	O
read	O
it	O
.	O
and	O
tell	O
what	O
sections	O
are	O
where	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
packing	O
up	O
things	O
for	O
her	O
to	O
send	O
to	O
people	O
,	O
,	O


she	O
wants	O
to	O
,	O


you	O
know	O
,	O
things	O
for	O
her	O
family	O
and	O
things	O


oh	O
yeah	O


it	O
was	O
kind	O
of	O
a	O
hard	O
and	O
sad	O
trip	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
way	O
,	O


but	O
%ah	O
,	O
she	O
sent	O
us	O
off	O
to	O
Sonoma	B-GPE
one	O
day	O
,	O


we	O
went	O
up	O
to	O
Sonoma	B-GPE


and	O
that	O
's	O
nice	O


uh-huh	O


aw	O
we	O
were	O
so	O
wretched	O
hot	O
,	O
we	O
just	O
sort	O
of	O
stayed	O
in	O
the	O
car	O
and	O
drove	O
.	O


Drove	O
off	O
to	O
the	O
sights	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
imagine	O
how	O
hot	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


but	O
still	O
I	O
looked	O
on	O
the	O
,	O


least	O
last	O
night	O
still	O
did	O
n't	O
,	O


a	O
hundred	O
down	O
there	O


uh-huh	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
been	O
%ah	O
ninety	B-CARDINAL
or	O
a	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
for	O
a	O
month	O
now	O
jeez	O
down	O
there	O
.	O


and	O
today	O
and	O
yesterday	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
day	O
in	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
that	O
we	O
've	O
had	O
it	O
less	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
,	O
or	O
ninety	B-CARDINAL


and	O
so	O
it	O
's	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
eighties	I-DATE


and	O
it	O
feel	O
marvelous	O
.	O


wow	O


and	O
so	O
we	O
finally	O
get	O
some	O
relief	O
from	O
the	O
weather	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
like	O
autumn	O
here	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
342.14_342.66_A:	O
is	O
that	O
right	O
?	O
yeah	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
about	B-CARDINAL
fifty	I-CARDINAL
,	O
fifty	B-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


that	O
's	O
right	O
,	O


you	O
're	O
all	O
ready	O
,	O


you	O
've	O
got	O
a	O
short	O
summer	O
,	O
%huh	O
,	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
ready	O
yeah	O
moving	O
into	O
it	O
,	O


yeah	O


yeah	O
,	O


and	O
it	O
smells	O
and	O
it	O
feels	O
like	O
autumn	O
.	O


is	O
that	O
right	O
?	O


,	O
yeah	O
,	O


it	O
has	O
for	O
about	O
a	O
week	O
or	O
so	O
.	O


getting	O
a	O
little	O
crisp	O
%huh	O
?	O


mhm	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


shorts	O
weather	O
is	O
definitely	O
gone	O
,	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
it	O
ever	O
really	O
came	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
waiting	O


Wait	O
a	O
second	O
,	O


what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
?	O


well	O
I	O
'm	O
a	O
Finnish	B-NORP
T	O
V	O
star	O
.	O


374.10_374.55_A:	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


you	O
were	O
on	O
T	O
V	O
?	O


well	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
.	O


oh	O
you	O
are	O


I	O
did	O
the	O
filming	O
last	B-DATE
Thursday	I-DATE
.	O


Alexia	B-PERSON
are	O
you	O
okay	O
?	O


and	O
,	O
%um	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
a	O
cultural	O
show	O
,	O
%um	O


uh-huh	O
,	O
inter	O
--	O
to	O
--	O
view	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


and	O
we	O
do	O
like	O
little	O
skits	O
on	O
like	O
how	O
%um	O
,	O
Americans	B-NORP
react	O
to	O
things	O
differently	O
than	O
other	O
cultures	O
,	O
and	O
oh	O
,	O
neat	O
Finnish	B-NORP
culture	O
,	O


so	O
we	O
like	O
do	O
the	O
subway	O
scene	O
of	O
Americans	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
subway	O
,	O
and	O
Finns	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
subway	O
.	O


they	O
're	O
pretty	O
funny	O


I	O
'll	O
bet	O
that	O
was	O
fun	O
,	O
%huh	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
'll	O
be	O
pretty	O
interesting	O


it	O
does	O
n't	O
%um	O
air	O
until	O
January	B-DATE
fifteenth	I-DATE
,	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
pretty	O
fun	O
I	O
think	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
had	O
French	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
German	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
Asian	B-NORP
,	O
and	O


I	O
'll	O
be	O
interested	O
to	O
see	O
how	O
they	O
put	O
it	O
all	O
together	O
.	O


yeah	O


%um	O
,	O
yeah	O
,	O


see	O
how	O
it	O
ends	O
up	O
,	O


so	O


,	O
so	O
will	O
it	O
be	O
in	O
Finnish	B-LANGUAGE
,	O


or	O


no	O
.	O


well	O
we	O
spoke	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
a	O
Finnish	B-NORP
documentary	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
Finnish	B-NORP
documentary	O


but	O
it	O
has	O
all	O
these	O
sections	O
to	O
it	O
?	O


yeah	O


yeah	O
,	O


neat	O


yeah	O
,	O


like	O
different	O
parts	O
of	O
movies	O
and	O
stuff	O
,	O


so	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
I	O
can	O
get	O
my	O
American	B-NORP
friend	O
to	O
tape	O
it	O
.	O


neat	O
.	O


Yammi	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
are	O
saving	O
up	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
V	O
C	O
R's	O
that	O
have	O
the	O
mode	O
,	O


so	O
maybe	O
by	O
then	O
we	O
'll	O
have	O
one	O
,	O


we	O
can	O
tape	O
it	O


and	O
yes	O
it	O
seems	O
interesting	O
what	O
they	O
're	O
doing	O
,	O


so	O


yeah	O
,	O


so	O
it	O
'll	O
be	O
a	O
cross	O
culture	O
center	O
%huh	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


and	O
they	O
're	O
paying	O
me	O


so	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
like	O


is	O
that	O
right	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
thought	O
it	O
's	O
pretty	O
nice	O


yeah	O


pays	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
foreigner	O
sometimes	O
,	O
I	O
guess	O


,	O
not	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
but	O
sometimes	O


yeah	O
,	O


right	O


so	O
that	O
's	O
what	O
we	O
've	O
been	O
doing	O
here	O
,	O


just	O
kind	O
of	O
Yammi	B-PERSON
's	O
been	O
taking	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
off	O
while	O
I	O
go	O
and	O


oh	O
so	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
just	O
a	O
little	O
thing	O
then	O
,	O
%huh	O


well	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
just	O
a	O
couple	O
times	O


just	O
went	O
a	O
couple	O
times	O


and	O
oh	O
.	O
uh-huh	O
then	O
if	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
use	O
me	O
later	O
or	O
something	O
they	O
'll	O
call	O


oh	O
neat	O


yeah	O
,	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
pretty	O
fun	O


neither	O
of	O
us	O
could	O
act	O
.	O


well	O
,	O
was	O
it	O
like	O
a	O
Helsinki	B-GPE
station	O
or	O
?	O


,	O
no	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
Finnish	B-NORP
station	O
.	O


oh	O


on	O
T	O
V	O
one	O


and	O


%hm	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
for	O
the	O


Alexi	O
honey	O
,	O
come	O
here	O
sweetie	O


he	O
got	O
the	O
door	O
shut	O
,	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
cranky	O
now	O


do	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
him	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


hold	O
on	O
,	O
just	O
a	O
second	O
.	O


okay	O
I	O
forgot	O
it	O
's	O
free	O
,	O


so	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O


,	O
that	O
's	O
right	O


we	O
were	O
worried	O
so	O
much	O
mhm	O
about	O
it	O
,	O


but	O


you	O
would	O
've	O
love	O
this	O
house	O
we	O
saw	O
honey	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O


it	O
was	O
unbelievable	O


Frank	B-PERSON
Lloyd	I-PERSON
Wright	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
%huh	O
?	O


yeah	O


aw	O


it	O
would	O
be	O
nice	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
now	O
,	O
you	O
know	O


yeah	O
?	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
built	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
oh	I-DATE
two	I-DATE


and	O
it	O
's	O
probably	O
modern	O
looking	O
yeah	O
as	O
it	O
would	O
seem	O
to	O
me	O


yeah	O
,	O


yeah	O
,	O


it	O
was	O
just	O
gorgeous	O


aw	O


and	O
that	O
glass	O
,	O
extraordinary	O
art	O
glass	O
throughout	O
,	O
in	O
the	O


the	O
%ah	O
,	O
chandeliers	O
in	O
the	O
dining	O
room	O
were	O
butterfly	O
design	O


and	O
,	O
oh	O
wow	O
there	O
were	O
butterfly	O
designs	O
in	O
the	O
door	O
coming	O
in	O


and	O
just	O
gorgeous	O


wow	O


built	O
for	O
sixty	B-MONEY
thousand	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
really	O
back	O
in	O
nineteen	B-DATE
oh	I-DATE
two	I-DATE


yeah	O
,	O


a	O
while	O
back	O
I	O
think	O
.	O


wow	O
.	O


it	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
nice	O
to	O
see	O
.	O


I	O
really	O
enjoy	O
that	O
calendar	O
yeah	O
you	O
guys	O
sent	O
,	O
the	O
Frank	B-PERSON
Lloyd	I-PERSON
Wright	I-PERSON
calendar	O
yeah	O
looking	O
at	O
it	O
,	O


I	O
like	O
it	O
.	O


a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
have	O
made	O
comments	O
about	O
who	O
's	O
this	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
who	O
did	O
this	O
?	O


%hm	O


coolest	O


Frank	B-PERSON
Lloyd	I-PERSON
Wright	I-PERSON


but	O
,	O
yeah	O
,	O


I	O
looked	O
into	O
a	O
masters'	O
program	O
here	O
yeah	O
in	O
,	O


and	O
they	O
cost	O
seventy	B-MONEY
thousand	I-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O


%huh	O


so	O
that	O
's	O
like	O
what	O
?	O


twenty	B-CARDINAL
four	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
or	O
something	O
?	O


you	O
're	O
kidding	O
.	O


no	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
,	O
whoa	O
.	O


that	O
's	O
pretty	O
steep	O
considering	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
education	O
's	O
free	O
here	O
,	O


yeah	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


so	O
what	O
's	O
the	O
deal	O
?	O


well	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
especially	O
for	O
--	O


private	O
school	O


well	O
no	O
,	O


but	O
,	O
they	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
masters	O
program	O


does	O
kind	O
of	O
,	O


it	O
's	O
new	O
,	O
starting	O
out	O
this	O
year	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
%um	O
designed	O
to	O
fit	O
the	O
States	O
'	O
idea	O
of	O
undergrad	O
and	O
masters	O
program	O
,	O
you	O
know	O


%uh	O


so	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
see	O
about	O
trying	O
to	O
just	O
get	O
into	O
the	O
regular	O
school	O
,	O
and	O
trying	O
to	O
continue	O
like	O
maybe	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
or	O
something	O
,	O


but	O


yeah	O
.	O


so	O
being	O
a	O
Finnish	B-NORP
citizen	O
,	O
or	O
being	O
married	O
to	O
a	O
Finnish	B-NORP
citizen	O
does	O
n't	O
help	O
you	O
in	O
that	O
way	O
,	O


that	O


well	O
not	O
for	O
that	O
masters	O
program	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O


but	O
for	O
just	O
going	O
,	O
if	O
I	O
wanted	O
just	O
to	O
take	O
classes	O
to	O
receive	O
a	O
Finnish	B-NORP
degree	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
equivalent	O
to	O
a	O
masters	O


Alexi	B-PERSON
come	O
here	O


hold	O
on	O
dad	O
,	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
.	O


okay	O


okay	O
,	O


sorry	O


hey	O
,	O
mister	O
Alexi	B-PERSON


nap	O
time	O


he	O
's	O
getting	O
kind	O
of	O
cranky	O
,	O


I	O
'll	O
let	O
him	O
bang	O
on	O
the	O
key	O
board	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
Finnish	B-NORP
course	O
and	O
see	O
how	O
that	O
goes	O


well	O
that	O
's	O
probably	O
the	O
next	O
step	O
anyway	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
?	O


yeah	O


get	O
good	O
at	O
your	O
Finnish	B-NORP
,	O
%huh	O


for	O
me	O
,	O


mhm	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O


so	O
it	O
'll	O
be	O
nice	O
,	O


get	O
started	O
and	O
see	O
how	O
that	O
goes	O
then	O
,	O


%um	O
,	O
I	O
tried	O
to	O
send	O
you	O
guys	O
cards	O
,	O
couple	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
realized	O
that	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
have	O
your	O
address	O


oh	O
,	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
write	O
it	O
down	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


,	O
what	O
is	O
it	O
?	O


fifty	B-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
fifty	B-CARDINAL
eight	I-CARDINAL
Hawthorn	B-LOC
Drive	I-LOC


Hawthorn	B-LOC
Drive	I-LOC
,	I-LOC


okay	O


that	O
's	O
four	B-CARDINAL
six	B-CARDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
six	B-CARDINAL
is	O
n't	O
it	O
?	O


two	B-CARDINAL
two	B-CARDINAL
six	B-CARDINAL


six	B-CARDINAL


okay	O
,	O
thanks	O
.	O


Because	O
we	O
had	O
it	O
all	O
ready	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
went	O
to	O
look	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
like	O
I	O
have	O
their	O
phone	O
number	O
,	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
it	O
.	O


so	O


I	O
bought	O
you	O
a	O
little	O
coffee	O
cup	O
from	O
Tullyesa	B-ORG


and	O
I	O
still	O
hav	O
n't	O
gotten	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
mail	O
,	O


so	O


oh	O
,	O
did	O
you	O
get	O
my	O
letter	O
yet	O
?	O


yeah	O


A	O
real	O
pep	O


no	O


I	O
'm	O
just	O
kidding	O
.	O


I	O
know	O


it	O
was	O
**pep**	O


did	O
I	O
send	O
it	O
to	O
you	O
on	O
computer	O
paper	O
?	O


yes	O
.	O


well	O
it	O
seemed	O
like	O
computer	O
paper	O


yeah	O


it	O
was	O


you	O
like	O
folded	O
it	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
times	O
.	O


yeah	O


the	O
Kelley	B-PERSON
folder	O
,	O
%hm	O


I	O
got	O
my	O
word	O
processor	O


you	O
did	O
,	O


how	O
is	O
it	O
?	O


it	O
's	O
okay	O


my	O
roommate	O
has	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
.	O
which	O
is	O
why	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
problem	O
that	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
computer	O


but	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
say	O
it	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
her	O
.	O


well	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
word	O
processor	O
like	O
a	O
typewriter	O


oh	O


it	O
's	O
an	O
antique	O
computer	O


right	O
.	O


okay	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
cool	O


the	O
games	O
on	O
it	O
are	O
like	O
Nole	B-PRODUCT


so	O


oh	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
games	O
on	O
it	O
?	O


well	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
like	O
Wheel	B-PRODUCT
Of	I-PRODUCT
Fortune	I-PRODUCT
and	O
like	O


well	O
,	O
so	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
something	O


well	O
,	O
yeah	O
,	O


to	O
pass	O
the	O
time	O
,	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
nothing	O
exciting	O


yeah	O


I	O
can	O
play	O
where	B-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
world	I-WORK_OF_ART
is	I-WORK_OF_ART
Carmen	I-WORK_OF_ART
Sandiego	I-WORK_OF_ART


oh	O
.	O


I	O
can	O
be	O
like	O
,	O
where	O
that	O
's	O
good	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
is	O
Carmen	B-PERSON
Sandiego	I-PERSON


I	O
'm	O
bored	O


,	O
I	O
'm	O
being	O
recorded	O


so	O
am	O
I	O


does	O
someone	O
like	O
hear	O
it	O
as	O
we	O
speak	O
?	O


Hi	O
.	O


hello	O
out	O
there	O


I	O
have	O
no	O
idea	O


Channel	O
Seven	B-CARDINAL


you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
hear	O
in	O
a	O
commercial	O
,	O


I	O
have	O
no	O
idea	O


I	O
have	O
no	O
idea	O


,	O


know	O
it	O
,	O


we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
hear	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
commercial	O
,	O


Pep	O
,	O
pep	O
,	O
pep	O
pep	O
pep	O
pep	O
pep	O
pep	O
pep	O
pep	O
pep	O
pep	O
p-	O


yeah	O
,	O


but	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
hear	O
in	O
a	O
commercial	O
,	O


they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
,	O
pep	O
?	O


what	O
does	O
pep	O
mean	O
?	O


as	O
if	O
,	O


pep	O


do	O
you	O
let	O
this	O
play	O
word	O
out	O
here	O
is	O
?	O


what	O
?	O


we	O
,	O


everything	O
's	O
sweet	O


sweet	O
?	O


sweet	O
.	O


that	O
like	O
went	O
through	O
Colombia	B-GPE
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE


I	O
know	O


oh	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
so	O
sexy	O
,	O
oh	O
,	O
sweet	O
sweet	O
,	O


it	O
's	O
like	O
Rich	B-PERSON
Munsen	I-PERSON


I	O
saw	O
him	O


I	O
was	O
--	O
you	O
saw	O
him	O
?	O
--	O
getting	O
gas	O


and	O
like	O
he	O
drove	O
by	O
in	O
his	O
B	B-PRODUCT
M	I-PRODUCT
W	I-PRODUCT


and	O
he	O
has	O
a	B-PRODUCT
B	I-PRODUCT
M	I-PRODUCT
W	I-PRODUCT
?	O
he	O
like	O
,	O


well	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
old	O
.	O


and	O
he	O
like	O
pulled	O
up	O
next	O
to	O
me	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
like	O
hey	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
hi	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
sort	O
of	O
like	O
looked	O
down	O
,	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
like	O
so	O
what	O
's	O
up	O
,	O


I	O
'm	O
like	O
nothing	O
,	O


how	O
are	O
you	O
?	O


I	O
looked	O
down	O


he	O
's	O
like	O
I	O
'm	O
fine	O


and	O
then	O
he	O
started	O
like	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
like	O
oh	O
,	O
well	O
here	O
comes	O
the	O
guy	O
,	O


got	O
to	O
pay	O
,	O


got	O
to	O
go	O
,	O


bye	O


,	O
oh	O


and	O
he	O
was	O
like	O
,	O
okay	O
,	O
I	O
'll	O
get	O
my	O
gas	O


I	O
was	O
like	O
oh	O
go	O
away	O


that	O
's	O
so	O
funny	O


Richard	B-PERSON


I	O
miss	O
seeing	O
people	O
I	O
know	O


wha-	O


I	O
miss	O
seeing	O
people	O
I	O
know	O


%um	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
picture	O
of	O
me	O


I	O
know	O


do	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
**piccy**	O
of	O
me	O
and	O
Jessie	B-PERSON
?	O


no	O
.	O


oh	O
I	O
do	O
,	O


do	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
I	O
forgot	O
,	O
like	O
,	O
my	O
,	O
whole	O
big	O
pack	O
of	O
pictures	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
send	O
that	O
up	O


ask	O
your	O
mom	O
to	O
mail	O
it	O


yeah	O


oh	O
,	O
wait	O
,	O


she	O
no	O
,	O
might	O
look	O
through	O
them	O
.	O


are	O
there	O
naked	O
ones	O
of	O
you	O
and	O
that	O
guy	O
?	O


why	O
yes	O
,	O


and	O
you	O
're	O
in	O
them	O
too	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


I	O
forgot	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
happy	O


oh	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
so	O
funny	O


I	O
made	O
a	O
friend	O


you	O
did	O
?	O


yeah	O


that	O
's	O
good	O


I	O
'm	O
like	O
a	O
dork	O
.	O


I	O
made	O
a	O
friend	O


ooh	O
,	O
you	O
saw	O


well	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
harder	O
to	O
make	O
friends	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
live	O
there	O
.	O


when	O
do	O
you	O


it	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
make	O
friends	O
here	O
to	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
like	O
I	O
live	O
here	O
,	O
because	O
like	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
harder	O
because	O
we	O
're	O
old	O
.	O


like	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
little	O
,	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
care	O
about	O
yeah	O
like	O
,	O
oh	O
,	O
my	O
god	O
,	O
that	O
person	O
smokes	O
,	O
or	O
,	O
oh	O
my	O
god	O
,	O
you	O
know	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
put	O
off	O
by	O
that	O
here	O


oh	O
,	O
everyone	O
smokes	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
smoke	O


I	O
mean	O


do	O
your	O
roommates	O
smoke	O
?	O


no	O


that	O
's	O
good	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O
,	O


you	O
said	O
that	O
was	O
first	B-ORDINAL
priority	O


%um	O
,	O
oh	O
wel-	O
,	O


never	O
mind	O


I	O
'll	O
tell	O
you	O


you	O
know	O


I	O
swea-	O
,	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
,	O


wait	O
.	O


wait	O
,	O


what	O
did	O
you	O
just	O
say	O
?	O


nothing	O


I	O
just	O


%ah	O


what	O
did	O
you	O
say	O
?	O


nothing	O


I	O
missed	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
n't	O


no	O


that	O
's	O
okay	O


I	O
'll	O
tell	O
you	O
later	O


why	O
?	O


because	O
we	O
're	O
being	O
recorded	O
.	O


oh	O
.	O


can	O
you	O
say	O
in	O
code	O
?	O


like	O
there	O
's	O
the	O
code	O


no	O


it	O
's	O
nothing	O
big	O
.	O
%um	O


speak	O
in	O
French	B-LANGUAGE


Brihana	B-PERSON


oi	O
,	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
trans-	O


cest	O
'ma	O
chic-	O


late	O


what	O
?	O


%huh	O
,	O
I	O
said	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
trans-	O


speak	O
in	O
Pig	O
Latin	B-LANGUAGE


**arimay**,	O


yeah	O


**uyay**,	O
**oray**,	O
**uptay**	O


am	O
I	O
pep	O
?	O


I	O
said	O
you	O
are	O
pep	O


oh	O
.	O


oh	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
do	O
%um	O
,	O
words	O
that	O
begin	O
with	O
like	O
a	O
vowel	O
?	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
change	O
it	O


oh	O


that	O
's	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
rules	O


so	O


well	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


**bisay**	O


%um	O
,	O
mhm	O
**Y	O
-	O
may**	O
**aimnay**	O
is	O
**arimay**	O


hey	O
it	O
's	O
**anday**	O


get	O
it	O
?	O


**ainday**	O


hey	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
funny	O
.	O


**anday**	O


your	O
name	O
in	O
Pig	O
Latin	B-LANGUAGE
is	O
Andy	B-PERSON


well	O
**Anday**	O


oh	O
it	O
's	O
,	O


yeah	O
,	O


that	O
's	O
funny	O


**Anday**	O
and	O
Andy	B-PERSON


yeah	O


that	O
's	O
what	O
mom	O
did	O


they	O
were	O
like	O
oh	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
name	O
it	O
dad	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
said	O
oh	O
,	O
I	O
say	O
dad	O
in	O
Pig	O
Latin	B-LANGUAGE
**Anday**	O


and	O
he	O
went	O
,	O
no	O
Andy	B-PERSON
%ha	O
,	O
%ha	O


See	O
,	O


because	O
then	O
she	O
's	O
too	O
perfect	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
's	O
ignoring	O
me	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
blame	O
him	O
.	O


he	O
's	O
not	O
in	O
his	O
head	O
.	O
because	O
he	O
thinks	O
I	O
'm	O
weird	O


People	O
are	O
yelling	O


yeah	O


who	O


Pam	B-PERSON
Anderson	I-PERSON
?	I-PERSON


what	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
my	O
brother	O
likes	O
boobs	O


what	O
are	O
you	O
talking	O
about	O
?	O


what	O
?	O


what	O
are	O
you	O
talking	O
about	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
,	O


I	O
'm	O
having	O
lemonade	O


you	O
are	O
?	O


yeah	O
.	O


oh	O


Vince	B-PERSON
is	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
my	O
math	O
classes	O


he	O
is	O
?	O


that	O
's	O
cool	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


my	O
friend	O
's	O
name	O
is	O
Shelly	B-PERSON


what	O
did	O
you	O
just	O
say	O
?	O


my	O
friend	O
's	O
name	O
is	O
Shelly	B-PERSON


that	O
's	O
cool	O


she	O
's	O
in	O
my	O
French	B-LANGUAGE
class	O
.	O


she	O
's	O
cool	O


she	O
's	O
like	O
you	O
,	O


she	O
has	O
different	O
colors	O
hair	O
in	O
her	O
hair	O


that	O
's	O
funny	O


wait	O
,	O


when	O
's	O
the	O
next	O
time	O
you	O
come	O
home	O
?	O


like	O
Thanksgiving	B-EVENT
?	O


Thanksgiving	B-EVENT


when	O
is	O
that	O
?	O


a	O
long	O
time	O
from	O
now	O


after	O
midterms	O


after	O
midterms	O
?	O


I	O
have	O
a	O
big	O
fat	O
boring	O
book	O
to	O
read	O


watch	O
the	O
film	O


yes	O
,	O
I	O
've	O
--	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
twenty	B-DATE
eight	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
to	O
read	O
it	O


so	O
I	O
figured	O
it	O
to	O
eleven	B-CARDINAL
pages	O
a	O
day	O
.	O


so	O
tonight	O
I	O
have	O
nine	B-CARDINAL
pages	O
to	O
read	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
concentrate	O
like	O
on	O
these	O
boring	O
books	O


it	O
's	O
so	O
difficult	O


I	O
find	O
the	O
same	O
problem	O
.	O


but	O
I	O
figure	O
,	O
if	O
I	O
find	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
quiet	O
,	O
and	O
nobody	O
's	O
annoying	O
me	O
,	O


right	O


because	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
test	O
on	O
it	O


I	O


I	O
took	O
a	O
math	O
test	O


oh	O
,	O
I	O
had	O
a	O
pop	O
quiz	O
today	O


pop	O
quiz	O
?	O


and	O
if	O
I	O
called	O
you	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
so	O
hard	O


psychology	O


yeah	O


did	O
n't	O
you	O
take	O
psychology	O
in	O


yeah	O


was	O
it	O
like	O
totally	O
different	O


no	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
that	O
different	O
necessarily	O


but	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
take	O
this	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
other	O
psychology	O
courses	O


If	O
I	O
'm	O


that	O
's	O
who	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
get	O
next	O
for	O
commercials	O


what	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


what	O
are	O
you	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
in	O
yellows	O


you	O
know	O
,	O
our	O
phone	O
call	O
makes	O
no	O
sense	O


we	O
're	O
so	O
confused	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
talking	O
to	O
my	O
brother	O
,	O


that	O
's	O
why	O
I	O
'm	O
leaving	O
the	O
room	O
.	O


that	O
way	O
I	O
can	O
talk	O
to	O
you	O


yeah	O
,	O


you	O
better	O


%hm	O
,	O
pep	O
,	O


Hello	O
pep	O


are	O
you	O
there	O
pep	O
?	O


no	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
there	O


there	O
's	O
a	O
vacuum	O
in	O
the	O
room	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
vacuum	O
in	O
the	O
room	O
?	O
leaning	O
up	O
against	O
the	O
wall	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
and	O
Shelly	O
,	O
she	O
's	O
like	O
a	O
performing	O
arts	O
major	O
,	O


she	O
wants	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
opera	O
singer	O


wow	O


she	O
's	O
actually	O
going	O
to	O
college	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
opera	O
singer	O


that	O
's	O
amazing	O


you	O
're	O
hitting	O
me	O
with	O
that	O


are	O
you	O
being	O
serious	O
or	O
sarcastic	O
?	O


no	O


I	O
'm	O
being	O
serious	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
never	O
heard	O
of	O
that	O
?	O


oh	O


yeah	O


I	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
tell	O
you	O
something	O
else	O


but	O
I	O
forgot	O


okay	O


we	O
might	O
be	O
getting	O
lofts	O


%huh	O
?	O


we	O
might	O
be	O
getting	O
lofts	O


I	O
might	O
be	O
getting	O
lost	O
?	O


loft	O
in	O
our	O
room	O
.	O


L	O
O	O
F	O
T	O
S	O
lofts	O
,	O
to	O
give	O
us	O
more	O
room	O
under	O


do	O
you	O
understand	O
?	O


instead	O
of	O


%um	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
a	O
loft	O
is	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
like	O
a	O
bed	O
but	O
like	O
al-	O


you	O
're	O
getting	O
like	O
bunk	O
beds	O
?	O


no	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
bunk	O
beds	O
.	O


a	O
loft	O
is	O
like	O


suppose	O
the	O
beds	O
would	O
be	O
like	O
attached	O
to	O
the	O
ceiling	O
basically	O


oh	O
my	O
god	O


no	O
,	O


no	O


but	O
I	O
mean	O
to	O
feel	O
it	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
,	O


Mary	B-PERSON
?	O


we	O
're	O
being	O
recor-	O


maybe	O
the	O
tape	O
ran	O
out	O
.	O


hello	O
?	O


are	O
you	O
on	O
like	O
a	O
telephone	O
that	O
's	O
you	O
know	O
,	O
wireless	O
?	O


that	O
's	O
like	O


no	O


are	O
you	O
sweating	O
in	O
my	O
phone	O


,	O
no	O


I	O
mean	O
cordless	O


this	O
is	O
cordless	O


yeah	O


my	O
parents	O
are	O
getting	O
me	O
a	O
cellular	O
phone	O


they	O
are	O
?	O


I	O
think	O
so	O


Of	O
course	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
call	O
me	O
on	O
it	O


what	O
the	O
heck	O
is	O
going	O
on	O
with	O
the	O
telephone	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


okay	O
,	O


it	O
's	O
like	O
scaring	O
me	O
,	O
hum	O


oh	O
my	O
god	O
,	O
I	O
wore	O
like	O
a	O
new	O
pair	O
of	O
shoes	O
yesterday	B-DATE


I	O
got	O
the	O
biggest	O
,	O
nastiest	O
blisters	O
.	O


aw	O


I	O
got	O
four	B-CARDINAL


you	O
got	O
four	B-CARDINAL
blisters	O
?	O


yup	O


two	B-CARDINAL
on	O
each	O
foot	O


that	O
's	O
very	O
bad	O


yeah	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O


I	O
was	O
like	O


Was	O
n't	O
I	O
screaming	O
last	O
night	O
mom	O
?	O


I	O
had	O
like	O
my	O
feet	O
sitting	O
in	O
a	O
like	O
thing	O
of	O


who	O
the	O
hell	O
was	O
that	O
?	O


somebody	O
in	O
the	O
hall	O


hello	O


hello	O
,	O


can	O
you	O
hear	O
me	O
?	O


barely	O
,	O


you	O
sound	O
like	O


I	O
know	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
.	O


ca	O
n't	O
really	O
do	O
anything	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


oh	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
pull	O
out	O
the	O
antennae	O
.	O


is	O
your	O
room	O
getting	O
busy	O
?	O


959.97_962.15_A:	O
is	O
my	O
room	O
getting	O
busy	O
?	O


yeah	O
,	O


I	O
hear	O
people	O


no	O
,	O


that	O
's	O
in	O
the	O
hallway	O


now	O
wh-	O


I	O
live	O
in	O
a	O
very	O


damn	O
loud	O


could	O
you	O
enroll	O
in	O
two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
courses	O
if	O
you	O
wanted	O
to	O
?	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
you	O
're	O
already	O
in	O
,	O
are	O
there	O
two	B-CARDINAL
other	O
things	O
that	O
you	O
'd	O
also	O
like	O
to	O
take	O
?	O


For	O
example	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
limit	O
for	O
students	O
who	O
e-	O


%uh	O
a	O
limit	O
for	O
what	O
?	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
'm	O
thinking	O
a	O
lot	O
about	O
this	O
job	O
that	O
I	O
just	O
took	O
that	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
seem	O
to	O
think	O
is	O
a	O
dead	O
end	O
and	O
obviously	O
does	O
n't	O
make	O
enough	O
money	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
like	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
that	O
going	O
into	O
a	O
job	O
.	O


There	O
's	O


I	O
understand	O
that	O
.	O


Well	O
tha-	O


I	O
understand	O
that	O
.	O


You	O
've	O
taken	O
it	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
a	O


I	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
just	O
made	O
a	O
big	O
mistake	O
.	O


Liz	B-PERSON
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
tell	O
you	O
whether	O
you	O
did	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


It	O
just	O
feels	O
lousy	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
just	O
tried	O
for	O
the	O
longest	O
time	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Liz	B-PERSON
,	O
Liz	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
whether	O
you	O
made	O
a	O
mistake	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
possibly	O
tell	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
have	O
enough	O
information	O
to	O
say	O
whether	O
you	O
did	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


And	O
you	O
will	O
find	O
out	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
huge	O
mistake	O
you	O
'll	O
just	O
quit	O
,	O


that	O
's	O
all	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
no	O
way	O
of	O
knowing	O
.	O


Did	O
you	O
tell	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
people	O
that	O
you	O
definitely	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
that	O
job	O
?	O


No	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
tell	O
them	O
anything	O
.	O


oh	O
okay	O
.	O


is	O
that	O
really	O
such	O
an	O
awful	O
job	O
?	O


Sounded	O
to	O
me	O
like	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
interesting	O
things	O
.	O


Sounded	O
to	O
me	O
like	O
too	O
much	O


but	O
it	O
sounded	O
like	O
a	O
very	O
interesting	O
set	O
of	O
things	O
.	O


Is	O
that	O
something	O
you	O
definitely	O
would	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
?	O


I	O
you	O
had	O
said	O
that	O
was	O
an	O
easier	O
job	O
in	O
some	O
ways	O
.	O


What	O
?	O


Actually	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
so	O
anymore	O
because	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
too	O
many	O
things	O
.	O


for	O
either	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
spend	O
hours	O
preparing	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
hours	O
that	O
you	O
actually	O
get	O
paid	O
for	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
yet	O
.	O


Because	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
that	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
warranted	O
--	O
--	O
at	O
the	O
salary	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
giving	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
you	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
circumscribe	O
your	O
hours	O
very	O
carefully	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
got	O
this	O
call	O
yesterday	O
from	O
this	O


I	O
mean	O
I	O
j-	O


Liz	B-PERSON


it	O
was	O
on	O
a	O
message	O
on	O
my	O
machine	O
when	O
I	O
came	O
home	O
from	O
this	O
nurse	O
at	O
a	O
high	O
school	O
nearby	O
saying	O
I	O
should	O
call	O
her	O
about	O
openings	O
in	O
the	O
district	O
that	O
she	O
called	O
me	O
because	O
of	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
letters	O
I	O
wrote	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
principals	O
oh	O
yeah	O
?	O
who	O
knows	O
what	O
kinds	O
of	O
openings	O
there	O
are	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


mhm	O
.	O


So	O
may-	O


Lizzy	B-PERSON
I	O
know	O
how	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
a-	O


you	O
know	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
graduate	O
school	O
I	O
spent	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
time	O
in	O
my	O
last	O
year	O
of	O
college	O
thinking	O
about	O
whether	O
wanted	O
to	O
go	O
into	O
biophysics	O
or	O
wanted	O
to	O
teach	O
little	O
kids	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
knew	O
it	O
was	O
obviously	O
because	O
what	O
I	O
really	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
was	O
go	O
into	O
biophysics	O
but	O
also	O
have	O
my	O
own	O
little	O
kids	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
went	O
into	O
biophysics	O
.	O


By	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
I	O
'd	O
met	O
Daddy	O


and	O
I	O
decided	O
that	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
really	O


Daddy	O
was	O
really	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
one	O
.	O


I	O
got	O
very	O
unhappy	O
with	O
the	O
science	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
just	O
walked	O
out	O
of	O
one	O
lab	O


and	O
I	O
said	O
no	O
this	O
is	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
be	O
teaching	O
little	O
kids	O
.	O


Because	O
Daddy	O
was	O
at	O
that	O
point	O
noncommittal	O
to	O
say	O
the	O
least	O
.	O


%um	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
also	O
leaving	O
for	O
Syracuse	B-GPE
.	O


And	O
so	O
a	O
friend	O
of	O
mine	O
sat	O
down	O
with	O
me	O
,	O
Wayne	B-PERSON
Meyers	I-PERSON


and	O
he	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
very	O
bright	O
guy	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
whose	O
shoulder	O
I	O
cried	O
on	O
when	O
I	O
took	O
Dexadrin	B-PRODUCT
that	O
time	O
too	O
for	O


the	O
doctor	O
had	O
given	O
it	O
to	O
me	O
for	O
cramps	O


and	O
I	O
ended	O
up	O
getting	O
%um	O
depressed	O
for	O
twenty	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
four	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
.	O


%um	O
and	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
me	O
you	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
change	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
yeah	O
I	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
well	O
take	O
the	O
bus	O
across	O
the	O
river	O
this	O
afternoon	O
because	O
I	O
had	O
already	O
applied	O
and	O
been	O
accepted	O
to	O
the	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
went	O
so	O
far	O
that	O
I	O
applied	O
both	O
to	O
biophysics	O
and	O
to	O
%um	O
Harvard	B-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Ed	I-ORG
.	O


And	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
apply	O
to	O
any	O
other	O
ed	O
schools	O
because	O
I	O
figured	O
I	O
could	O
get	O
in	O
there	O
which	O
I	O
had	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
went	O
across	O
the	O
river	O
that	O
day	O


and	O
I	O
said	O
can	O
I	O
get	O
into	O
your	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	O
class	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
said	O
absolutely	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
mean	O
by	O
then	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
May	B-DATE
.	O


Certainly	O
April	B-DATE
.	O


Certainly	O
April	B-DATE
not	O
earlier	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
remember	O
Mama	O
Sadie	B-PERSON
was	O
upset	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
everybody	O
knew	O
why	O
I	O
was	O
doing	O
it	O


and	O
everybody	O
kn-	O


it	O
was	O
obvious	O
even	O
to	O
Daddy	O
why	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
n't	O
just	O
study	O
science	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
was	O
twenty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
.	O
Twenty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
one	I-DATE
.	O


and	O
%um	O
yeah	O
I	O
guess	O
I	O
was	O
twenty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
already	O
.	O


%um	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
any	O
rational	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O
Liz	B-PERSON
.	O


It	O
's	O
hormonal	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
absolutely	O
hormonal	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
here	O
you	O
are	O
,	O


you	O
are	O
thirty	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
no	O
wonder	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
at	O
that	O
stage	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
did	O


but	O
it	O
was	O
out	O
of	O
reach	O
.	O


And	O
for	O
you	O
it	O
's	O
obviously	O
out	O
of	O
reach	O
too	O
.	O


Unless	O
it	O
works	O
out	O
with	O
Matt	B-PERSON
you	O
have	O
n't	O
met	O
him	O
.	O


And	O
therefore	O
I	O
'm	O
disappointed	O
in	O
how	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
about	O
it	O
because	O
I	O
've	O
known	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
who	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
married	O
and	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
who	O
got	O
married	O
too	O
late	O
to	O
have	O
children	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
very	O
sad	O
.	O


I	O
find	O
it	O
very	O
sad	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
expect	O
that	O
I	O
would	O
be	O
in	O
this	O
position	O
with	O
my	O
children	O
.	O


Well	O
actually	O
I	O
expected	O
it	O
with	O
Jonathan	B-PERSON
.	O


I	O
expected	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
him	O
not	O
you	O
because	O
he	O
was	O
very	O
slow	O
socially	O
.	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
never	O
can	O
tell	O
with	O
life	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
n't	O
any	O
rules	O
about	O
it	O


and	O
%uh	O
nobody	O
has	O
written	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
's	O
%uh	O
%eh	O
prayer	O


and	O
%uh	O
%eh	O
penitence	O
does	O
n't	O
really	O
help	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
,	O


things	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
when	O
they	O
happen	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
are	O
ways	O
to	O
help	O
them	O
along	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
ways	O
to	O
help	O
them	O
along	O
.	O


And	O
maybe	O
you	O
're	O
doing	O
them	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
you	O
went	O
out	O
with	O
some	O
guy	O
the	O
other	O
night	O
.	O


maybe	O
you	O
are	O
looking	O
actively	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
all	O
I	O
can	O
do	O
is	O
sit	O
and	O
worry	O
and	O
be	O
concerned	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
Can	O
we	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
job	O
things	O
now	O
?	O
that	O


Well	O
what	O
about	O
the	O
job	O
things	O
?	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
talk	O
about	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
anything	O
about	O
them	O
.	O


You	O
want	O
to	O
tell	O
me	O
about	O
them	O
?	O


Well	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
the	O
job	O
I	O
just	O
took	O
.	O


Now	O
wait	O
a	O
moment	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O


Well	O
Daddy	O
says	O
they	O
're	O
less	O
important	O
than	O
the	O
other	O
stuff	O


and	O
I	O
agree	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
tell	O
me	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
the	O
job	O
you	O
just	O
took	O
Lizzy	B-PERSON
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
enough	O
about	O
it	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
raised	O
you	O


and	O
I	O
thought	O
I	O
was	O


So	O
maybe	O
I	O
can	O
sign	O
ten	O
hours	O
in	O
the	O
school	O
district	O
doing	O
something	O
else	O
.	O


Maybe	O
you	O
can	O
.	O


%eh	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
interesting	O
if	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
have	O
hours	O
during	O
the	O
week	O
that	O
are	O
available	O
.	O


do	O
n't	O
block	O
them	O
out	O
until	O
you	O
find	O
out	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
you	O
can	O
take	O
an	O
art	O
course	O
during	O
the	O
week	O
.	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
have	O
your	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
flying	O
down	O
to	O
%um	O
where	O
was	O
it	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
that	O
hiking	O
group	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
for	O
the	O
weekends	O
.	O


mhm	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
fly	O
out	O
to	O
Michigan	B-GPE
and	O
visit	O
Matt	B-PERSON
.	O


That	O
's	O
where	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
fly	O
.	O


%uh	O
I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
do	O
that	O
too	O
.	O


All	O
I	O
want	O
is	O
your	O
happiness	O
Liz	B-PERSON
.	O


And	O
I	O
think	O
I	O
know	O
what	O
will	O
make	O
you	O
happy	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
just	O
want	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
what	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
my	O
life	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
I	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
'm	O
never	O
going	O
to	O
figure	O
it	O
out	O
.	O


Lizzy	B-PERSON
,	O
you	O
might	O
not	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
figured	O
out	O
mine	O
yet	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
a	O
scientist	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
a	O
scientist	O
.	O


Liz	B-PERSON
,	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
pretty	O
poor	O
showing	O
for	O
a	O
scientist	O
.	O


Ma	O
,	O
are	O
you	O
kidding	O
?	O


Look	O
how	O
many	O
days	O
you	O
go	O
into	O
the	O
lab	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


Look	O
what	O
I	O
've	O
published	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
paper	O
.	O


So	O
who	O
cares	O
about	O
publishing	O
.	O


Well	O
that	O
's	O
what	O


otherwise	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
cooking	O


and	O
nobody	O
's	O
eating	O
it	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
recycling	O


it	O
's	O
it	O
's	O
working	O
that	O
nobody	O
ever	O
knows	O
about	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
not	O
what	O
defines	O
me	O
as	O
a	O
person	O
.	O


What	O
defines	O
me	O
as	O
a	O
person	O
is	O
my	O
family	O
.	O


And	O
your	O
failure	O
daughter	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
feeling	O
sad	O
about	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
what	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
just	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
this	O
might	O
be	O
interesting	O
okay	O
.	O


and	O
maybe	O


That	O
's	O
fine	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O


that	O
's	O
not	O
my	O
big	O
worry	O
about	O
you	O
Liz	B-PERSON
.	O


But	O
it	O
's	O
mine	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
to	O
do	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
took	O
it	O


and	O
now	O
I	O
feel	O
like	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
mistake	O


and	O
now	O
I	O


Well	O
I	O
'm	O
telling	O
you	O


I	O
'm	O
telling	O
you	O
it	O
's	O
hormonal	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
rational	O
.	O


what	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
just	O
all	O
of	O
a	O
su-	O


the	O
heavens	O
do	O
n't	O
open	O
up	O
as	O
Gib	B-PERSON
wrote	O


and	O
all	O
of	O
a	O
sudden	O
you	O
know	O
just	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
define	O
yourself	O
that	O
way	O
--	O
--	O
you	O
're	O
looking	O
for	O
trouble	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
just	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
'm	O
--	O
You	O
're	O
opening	O
yoursel-	O
--	O
**putty	O
-	O
duddying**	O
around	O
for	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
my	O
life	O
.	O


And	O
like	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
specific	O
skills	O
or	O
body	O
of	O
knowledge	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
just	O
sort	O
of	O
this	O
blob	O
.	O


Lizzy	B-PERSON


Lizzy	B-PERSON
the	O
mo-	O


Lizzy	B-PERSON
Daddy	O
feels	O
that	O
way	O
too	O
.	O


He	O
feels	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
anything	O
.	O


Everybody	O
feels	O
that	O
way	O
.	O


You	O
just	O
have	O
to	O
get	O
used	O
to	O
that	O
.	O


You	O
want	O
to	O
count	O
your	O
degrees	O
?	O


You	O
want	O
to	O
count	O
the	O
courses	O
you	O
've	O
had	O
?	O


You	O
want	O
to	O
count	O
the	O
work	O
you	O
've	O
done	O
the	O
jobs	O
you	O
've	O
had	O
?	O


That	O
's	O
nonsense	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
.	O


Like	O
maybe	O
if	O
I	O
were	O
a	O
teacher	O
Everybody	O
always	O
you	O
know	O
and	O
I	O
taught	O
say	O
health	O
,	O
science	O
and	O
art	O
,	O
then	O
I	O
would	O
sort	O
of	O
get	O
this	O
body	O
of	O
knowledge	O
that	O
I	O
would	O
have	O
and	O
this	O
--	O
Lizzy	B-PERSON
--	O
structure	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
I	O
yeah	O
,	O
yeah	O
.	O
Lizzy	B-PERSON
,	O
Lizzy	B-PERSON
give	O
it	O


Lizzy	B-PERSON
,	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
dream	O
.	O


It	O
never	O
happens	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
you	O
people	O
at	O
all	O
levels	O


The	O
only	O
people	O
who	O
really	O
think	O
they	O
know	O
something	O
are	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
usually	O
are	O
deficient	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
how	O
mu-	O


But	O
there	O
's	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
a	O
specific	O
set	O
of	O
skills	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
even	O
feel	O
like	O
I	O
have	O
that	O
sometimes	O
,	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a-	O


what	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
offer	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
anything	O
to	O
offer	O
.	O


yeah	O


because	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
%um	O


%eh	O
Lizzy	B-PERSON
Lizzy	B-PERSON
everybody	O
feels	O
that	O
way	O
who	O
's	O
worth	O
his	O
salt	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
?	O


Is	O
what	O
?	O


although	O
they	O
do	O
look	O
a	O
li-	O


a	O
little	O


What	O
did	O
Laura	B-PERSON
say	O
?	O
Laura	B-PERSON
saw	O
it	O


and	O
her	O
comments	O
were	O
that	O
the	O
commentators	O
seem	O
pretty	O
high	O
on	O
the	O
Skins	O


yeah	O


everyone	O
did	O


actually	O
she	O


although	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
say	O
after	O
the	O
game	O
last	O
night	O
%um	O
beating	O
Phoenix	B-GPE
oh	O
or	O
Arizona	B-GPE
whatever	O
they	O
're	O
called	O
was	O
certainly	O
no	O
great	O
feat	O


I	O
know	O
%eh	O


but	O
Miami	B-GPE


they	O
are	O
awful	O


%eh	O


They	O
're	O
really	O
bad	O


How	O
's	O
Penn	B-PERSON
doing	O


it	O
has	O
n't	O
started	O


oh	O
it	O
has	O
n't	O
started	O
yet	O


oh	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
realize	O
that	O


nope	O


but	O
I	O
will	O
keep	O
you	O


how	O
come	O
Laura	B-PERSON
's	O
team	O
started	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
we	O
played	O
this	O
week	O


yeah	O


the	O


No	O


I	O
think	O
you	O
're	O
right	O


the	O
Ivies	O
start	O
later	O


see	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
play	O
as	O
many	O
games	O


right	O


how	O
did	O
Laura	B-PERSON
's	O
do	O


Well	O


that	O
figures	O


I	O
have	O
n't	O
heard	O
from	O
her	O


bu-	O


Well	O
write	O
to	O
her	O


she	O
'll	O
like	O
that	O


I	O
try	O


it	O
's	O
so	O
hard	O
mom	O


you	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
how	O
little	O
time	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
these	O
days	O


Yes	O
I	O
do	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
impossible	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
waiting	O
to	O
find	O
a	B-TIME
half	I-TIME
an	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
when	O
I	O
could	O
call	O
because	O
like	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
whole	O
half	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME


and	O
there	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
a	O
time	O
where	O
I	O
actually	O
could	O
just	O
sit	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
for	O
a	B-TIME
half	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME


oh	O


oh	O
We	O
have	O
to	O
talk	O
for	O
a	B-TIME
half	I-TIME
an	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME


you	O
ca	O
n't	O
split	O
it	O
up	O
?	O


No	O


Not	O
for	O
free	O


oh	O


that	O
's	O
weird	O


Well	O
this	O
is	O
something	O
very	O
important	O


We	O
got	O
the	O
Washingtonian	B-WORK_OF_ART


yeah	O


uh-huh	O


and	O
they	O
sa-	O


but	O
did	O
you	O
get	O
Playboy	B-WORK_OF_ART
?	O


Playboy	B-WORK_OF_ART
?	O


yeah	O


a	O
girl	O
in	O
my	O
class	O
is	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


What	O


I	O
told	O
you	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


A	O
girl	O
in	O
my	O
med	O
school	O
class	O
is	O
in	O
this	O
month	B-DATE
's	O
Playboy	B-WORK_OF_ART


oh	O


oh	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
realize	O
that	O


I	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
ago	O
Playboy	B-WORK_OF_ART


No	O
she	O
did	O
the	O
posing	O
over	O
the	O
Summer	O


yeah	O


oh	O
I	O
see	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
this	O
month	O


%hm	O


Yes	O


it	O
was	O
very	O
funny	O
at	O
the	O
train	O
station	O
yesterday	O
When	O
Elliot	B-PERSON
went	O
to	O
go	O
get	O
his	O
%um	O
what	O
you	O
called	O
Baron	B-PERSON
's	O
whatever	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
oh	O
do	O
they	O
have	O
Playboy	B-WORK_OF_ART
here	O


let	O
's	O
get	O
it	O


yeah	O


%eh	O


and	O
everybody	O
is	O
looking	O
at	O
me	O


Do	O
you	O
know	O
her	O


What	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
know	O
her	O
?	O


yeah	O


I	O
know	O
her	O
well	O


she	O
's	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
weird	O


She	O
's	O
beautiful	O


%hm	O


This	O
is	O
strange	O


does	O
n't	O
that	O
seem	O
like	O
a	O
strange	O
thing	O
to	O
do	O


Yes	O


I	O
think	O
so	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O


I	O
mean	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
a	O
reception	O
did	O
it	O
get	O
?	O


Mostly	O
just	O
like	O
a	O
gossipy	O
I	O
mean	O


you	O
mean	O
the	O
actual	O
picture	O


I	O
mea-	O


i-	O


no	O
no	O
I	O
meant	O
what	O
you	O
're	O
saying	O


just	O
gossip	O


just	O
as	O
you	O


yeah	O


just	O
everybody	O
talking	O
about	O
it	O


I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
very	O
peculiar	O
way	O
to	O
launch	O
your	O
medical	O
career	O


and	O
I	O
agree	O


anyway	O
so	O
what	O
about	O
Washingtonian	B-WORK_OF_ART


y-	O


very	O
foolish	O
girl	O


no	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
follow	O
her	O


that	O
'll	O
follow	O
her	O
forever	O


mhm	O


but	O
what	O
abo-	O


It	O
really	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
bad	O


oh	O
come	O
on	O
Bo-	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
good	O
picture	O


yeah	O


but	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
want	O
go	O
to	O
a	O
doctor	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
Playboy	B-WORK_OF_ART
bunny	O
?	O


You	O
'd	O
be	O
surprised	O
what	O
people	O
will	O
go	O
to	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
say	O
I	O
would	O


but	O
you	O
'd	O
be	O
surprised	O
what	O
people	O
will	O
do	O


Well	O
I	O
w-	O


it	O
's	O
publicity	O


maybe	O
going	O
to	O
med	O
school	O
was	O
a	O
great	O
way	O
to	O
launch	O
her	O
career	O
as	O
a	O
Playboy	B-WORK_OF_ART
model	O


that	O
's	O
right	O


Is	O
that	O
what	O
she	O
said	O


no	O


anyway	O
So	O
what	O
about	O
Washington-	O


no	O
well	O
what	O
was	O


alright	O
Washingtonian	B-WORK_OF_ART
is	O
a	O
lot	O
more	O
important	O


They	O
said	O
that	O
Maid	B-ORG
Brigade	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
national	O
franchise	O


So	O
if	O
you	O
need	O
a	O
maid	O
you	O
can	O
call	O
Maid	B-ORG
Brigade	I-ORG


and	O
you	O
could	O
get	O


oh	O
god	O


but	O
I	O
already	O
cleaned	O
up	O
my	O
apartment	O


yeah	O


but	O
it	O
'll	O
get	O
dirty	O
again	O


believe	O
me	O


But	O
I	O
wrote	O
you	O
about	O
how	O
Elliot	B-PERSON
cleaned	O
it	O
up	O
this	O
weekend	O
did	O
n't	O
I	O
?	O


But	O
does	O
he	O
always	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
?	O


No	O


and	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
clean	O
it	O
like	O
Maid	B-ORG
Brigade	I-ORG
would	O


he	O
just	O
picked	O
the	O
papers	O
up	O
off	O
the	O
floor	O


I	O
sort	O
of	O
had	O
a	O
feeling	O
that	O
might	O
be	O
the	O
case	O


he	O
actually	O
cleaned	O
up	O
the	O
kitchen	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
.	O
di-	O
and	O
made	O
and	O
got	O
brunch	O


that	O
was	O
especially	O
good	O


Did	O
you	O
get	O
my	O
message	O
about	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE


that	O
you	O
'll	O
try	O
and	O
that	O
I	O
should	O
make	O
su-	O


no	O


that	O


three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE


How	O
many	O
days	O
and	O
all	O


yeah	O


I	O
think	O
I	O
get	O
there	O
around	B-TIME
noon	I-TIME


Lau-	O


and	O
that	O
's	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	B-DATE
three	I-DATE
days	I-DATE


that	O
's	O
not	O
in	O
%uh	O


if	O
you	O
get	O
there	O
noon	B-TIME
that	O
means	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
get	O
like	O
to	O
a	O
hotel	O
and	O
everything	O
until	O
two	B-CARDINAL
three	B-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
afternoon	I-TIME
--	O


that	O
's	O
days	O


yeah	O


--	O
so	O
you	O
have	O
the	O
evening	O


you	O
have	O
one	B-CARDINAL
evening	O


okay	O
well	O
I	O
can	O
do	O
another	O
day	O


the	O
problem	O
is	O
that	O
like	O
cuts	O
down	O
my	O
time	O
in	O
Singapore	B-GPE


yeah	O


tha-	O


oh	O
oh	O
well	O
%hm	O


like	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
that	O
much	O
time	O


I	O
had	O
to	O
leave	O
on	O
Sunday	B-DATE


do	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
decision	O
when	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
now	O


I	O
mean	O
can	O
you	O
change	O
the	O
reservation	O
with	O
no	O
cost	O
later	O


I	O
've	O
got	O
until	O
like	O
the	O
twentieth	B-ORDINAL
I	O
think	O


no	O
no	O
no	O


I	O
mean	O
once	O
you	O
've	O
done	O
it	O
and	O
you	O
're	O
coming	O
out	O
here	O
and	O
you	O
decide	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
leave	O
a	O
day	O
early	O


I	O
thought	O
you	O
know	O
how	O
those	O
things	O
are	O
I	O
could	O
probably	O
go	O
standby	O


but	O
the	O
thing	O
is	O
the	O
flights	O
are	O
really	O
packed	O


they	O
are	O
?	O


that	O
's	O
the	O
trouble	O


well	O
the	O
packed	O
flights	O


I	O
sure	O
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
might	O
not	O
be	O
packed	O


right	O


granted	O


that	O
's	O


what	O
I	O
mean	O
you	O
could	O
move	O
that	O
par-	O


except	O
there	O
's	O
the	O
flights	O
from	O
there	O
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE


are	O
the	O
flights	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
States	O


and	O
we	O
're	O
talking	O
like	O
January	B-DATE
first	I-DATE


Well	O
that	O
's	O
true	O


yeah	O


and	O
so	O
that	O
's	O
when	O
everybody	O
goes	O
back	O


But	O
you	O
're	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
change	O
that	O


You	O
're	O
right	O


No	O
no	O


not	O
that	O


you	O
're	O
missing	O
the	O
point	O


my	O
point	O
is	O
a	O
United	B-ORG
flight	O
from	O
Singapore	B-GPE
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
yeah	O
is	O
one	O
that	O
goes	O
Singapore	B-GPE
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
U	B-GPE
S	I-GPE


It	O
'll	O
be	O
crowded	O


yeah	O


%um	O
U	B-GPE
S	I-GPE


yeah	O


So	O
those	O
flights	O
will	O
still	O
be	O
tight	O


You	O
would	O
n't	O
believe	O
how	O
much	O
trouble	O
I	O
had	O
getting	O
reservations	O


oh	O


yeah	O


I	O
would	O


I	O
believe	O
it	O


yeah	O


I	O
figured	O
%uh	O


actually	O
We	O
're	O
having	O
trouble	O
Now	O
all	O
the	O
places	O
are	O
full	O
because	O
like	O
I	O
was	O
wait	O
listed	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
Japan	B-GPE


mhm	O


and	O
then	O
this	O
woman	O
Leigh	B-PERSON
Turbush	I-PERSON
that	O


mhm	O


You	O
know	O
our	O
friend	O
here	O


She	O
's	O
trying	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Hawaii	B-GPE
this	O
week	O


and	O
she	O
's	O
been	O
trying	O
for	O
weeks	O


but	O
she	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
on	O


well	O
that	O
's	O
%uh	O
Japan	B-GPE


Hawaii	B-GPE
is	O
very	O
crowded	O


mhm	O


yeah	O


Japanese	B-NORP
are	O
just	O
%oof	O
%uh	O
really	O
apparently	O
travel	O


yeah	O


but	O
I	O
mean	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
year	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O


no	O


apparently	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O


yeah	O


you	O
should	O
have	O
heard	O


it	O
was	O
amazing	O


I	O
called	O
every	O
airline	O
as	O
you	O
know	O
only	O
I	O
can	O
do	O


right	O


and	O
%uh	O
it	O
was	O
with	O
much	O
hesitancy	O
that	O
I	O
called	O
Continental	B-ORG
because	O
I	O
hate	O
them	O
so	O
much	O


yeah	O


I	O
was	O
on	O
hold	O
for	O
ten	O
minutes	O
while	O
she	O
figured	O
out	O
this	O
route	O


I	O
should	O
've	O
known	O
that	O
if	O
it	O
took	O
her	O
ten	O
minutes	O
I	O
should	O
've	O
hung	O
up	O


She	O
had	O
me	O
go	O
from	O
like	O
Philadelphia	B-GPE
to	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
to	O
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
to	O
L	B-GPE
A	I-GPE
to	O
Hawaii	B-GPE
to	O
Guam	B-GPE
to	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
to	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
to	O
Singapo-	B-GPE


I	O
mean	O
she	O
had	O
me	O
everywhere	O


I	O
think	O
they	O
're	O
the	O
only	O
ones	O
who	O
go	O
to	O


and	O
she	O
'd	O
for	O
three	B-MONEY
thousand	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY


I	O
was	O
like	O
are	O
you	O
joking	O


Uy	O


oh	O
I	O
have	O
take	O
fr-	O


in	O
a	O
couple	O
weeks	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
Guam	B-GPE


and	O
they	O
're	O
the	O
only	O
ones	O
that	O
go	O
there	O


the	O
Continental	B-ORG
?	O


Continental	B-ORG


yeah	O


That	O
's	O
funny	O


good	O
luck	O


can	O
you	O
at	O
least	O
go	O
business	O
class	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
I	O
can	O
or	O
not	O


yeah	O


oh	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
were	O
right	O
with	O
Singapore	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG


it	O
's	O
only	O
business	O
class	O
or	O
first	O
class	O
goes	O
Right	O
miles	O
to	O
frequent	O
flyers	O


Right	O


yeah	O


%um	O
Singapore	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
takes	O
you	O
around	O
through	O
Europe	B-GPE


they	O
do	O
a	O
route	O
that	O
way	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


that	O
's	O
how	O
they	O
like	O
to	O
go	O


if	O
I	O
you	O
know	O
could	O
have	O
gone	O
specially	O
through	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE


right	O


but	O
that	O
was	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O
more	O
expensive	O


and	O
they	O
also	O
have	O
connections	O
with	O
Delta	B-ORG


yeah	O


they	O
only	O
give	O
miles	O
on	O
Delta	B-ORG


but	O
you	O
can	O
buy	O
Delta	B-ORG
seats	O
on	O
there	O


right	O


well	O
actually	O
they	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
send	O
me	O
on	O
T	B-FAC
W	I-FAC
A	I-FAC


I	O
almost	O
thought	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
worth	O
it	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
United	O
because	O
%uh	O
fewer	O
connections	O
instead	O
of	O
connecting	O
in	O
%um	O


%eh	O
well	O
I	O
mean	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
lot	O
further	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
Japan	B-GPE
and	O
all	O
that	O
nonsense	O


but	O
the	O
problem	O
with	O
Singapore	B-ORG
Air	I-ORG
is	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
through	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
through	O
J	B-FAC
F	I-FAC
K	I-FAC
.	O
Uy	O
which	O
I	O
now	O
remember	O
going	O
from	O
the	O
domestic	O
terminal	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
terminal	O


right	O


well	O
T	B-FAC
W	I-FAC
A	I-FAC
is	O
not	O
too	O
bad	O


you	O
have	O
to	O
walk	O
a	O
little	O
bit	O


but	O


yeah	O


no	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
just	O
yeah	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
saving	O
me	O
much	O
if	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE


but	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
bad	O
place	O
to	O
layover	O


Tokyo	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
ba-	O


and	O
I	O
have	O
like	O
an	O
eight	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
or	O
five	B-TIME
hour	I-TIME
layover	O
there	O


I	O
know	O


yeah	O


usually	O


yeah	O


five	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME


It	O
's	O
crazy	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
that	O
bad	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
you	O
slept	O


it	O
's	O
really	O


No	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
annoying	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
that	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
just	O
fly	O
from	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
home	O


right	O


that	O
is	O
annoying	O


I	O
'm	O
surprised	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
go	O
Hong	O
Ko-	O


They	O
do	O
have	O
route-	O


where	O
does	O
it	O
go	O


Tokyo	B-GPE
to	O
where	O
?	O


San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE


yeah	O


is	O


or	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE


yes	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
full	O


United	O
does	O
have	O
that	O


oh	O
it	O
's	O
full	O


I	O
see	O


I	O
mean	O
at	O
that	O
price	O
level	O
I	O
could	O
pay	O
more	O
probably	O
%mm	O
which	O
maybe	O
I	O
'll	O
look	O
it	O


maybe	O
I	O
'll	O
find	O
out	O
how	O
much	O
more	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
pay	O


Can	O
you	O
get	O
on	O
a	O
waiting	O
list	O
?	O


Can	O
you	O
get	O
on	O
a	O
waiting	O
list	O


I	O
'll	O
find	O
out	O
when	O
I	O
call	O
back	O
to	O
confirm	O


Yes	O
,	O


it	O
's	O
worth	O
waiting	O
l-	O


%eh	O
with	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE
is	O
much	O
better	O


where	O
's	O
Tokyo	B-GPE
take	O
you	O
to	O


Tokyo	B-GPE
to	O
where	O


San	B-GPE
Francisco	I-GPE


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
same	O
old	O
same	O
old	O


oh	O
oh	O
no	O


yes	O


same	O
thing	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


Well	O
at	O
least	O
put	O
yourself	O
on	O
the	O
waiting	O
list	O


can	O
you	O
do	O
that	O
?	O


yeah	O


probably	O


but	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
feeling	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
a	O
price	O
thing	O


Might	O
not	O
be	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


totally	O
noticed	O
everything	O
,	O
specially	O
like	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
on	O
this	O
tour	O
.	O


We	O
went	O
to	O
like	O
the	B-ORG
Schwartz	I-ORG
club	I-ORG
with	O
my	O
group	O
.	O


We	O
went	O
there	O
for	O
the	O
weekend	O


and	O
it	O
frigging	O
like	O
rained	O
all	O
weekend	O
long	O
.	O


We	O
got	O
there	O


we	O
were	O
like	O
let	O
off	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
this	O
fucking	O
mountain	O
like	O


and	O
we	O
had	O
to	O
walk	O
like	O
probably	O
like	B-QUANTITY
five	I-QUANTITY
kilometers	I-QUANTITY
like	O
to	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
we	O
were	O
sleeping	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
raining	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
mile	O
an	O
hour	O
wind	O


and	O
it	O
was	O
so	O
nasty	O


and	O
we	O
had	O
to	O
like	O
walk	O
through	O
all	O
that	O
.	O


mhm	O


and	O
%um	O
we	O
went	O
to	O
this	O
like	O
museum	O
up	O
there	O


and	O
the	O
guy	O
had	O
like	O
such	O
a	O
heavy	O
dialect	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
so	O
funny	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
talking	O
to	O
this	O
little	O
kid	O


I	O
heard	O
him	O
talking	O


and	O
he	O
's	O
like	O
hi	O
Stacey	B-PERSON


I	O
'm	O
like	O
hi	O
Stacey	B-PERSON


I	O
'm	O
like	O
hi	O
Sta-	O


I	O
'm	O
like	O
what	O
the	O
hell	O
's	O
that	O
?	O


Because	O
they	O
all	O
say	O
like	O
S	O
H	O
instead	O
of	O
C	O
H	O


so	O


that	O
's	O
funny	O


well	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
easier	O
.	O


yeah	O


yeah	O
.	O


easier	O
for	O
us	O
.	O


yeah	O


but	O
they	O
're	O
not	O
American	B-NORP
.	O


yes	O


well	O


How	O
are	O
things	O
with	O
you	O
?	O


busy	O


yeah	O
?	O


yeah	O


I	O
guess	O
I	O
sent	O
you	O
an	O
email	O


but	O
I	O
suppose	O
you	O
have	O
n't	O
gotten	O
it	O
.	O


What	O


like	O
I	O
have	O
to	O


It	O
's	O
at	O
the	O
university	O


so	O


yeah	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
what	O
I	O
figured	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


but	O
my	O
most	O
exciting	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
a	O
publisher	O
is	O
interested	O
in	O
my	O
personal	O
ad	O
book	O
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


yeah	O
,	O


so	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
so	O
cool	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O


so	O
I	O
was	O
all	O
excited	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
got	O
this	O
letter	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
like	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
scam	O
or	O
something	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
'm	O
always	O
getting	O
letters	O
from	O
vanity	O
presses	O
and	O
shit	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


You	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O
.	O


Where	O
you	O
pay	O
them	O
to	O


you	O
pay	O
them	O
,	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


so	O
I	O
looked	O
them	O
up	O
in	O
Writer	B-ORG
's	I-ORG
Market	I-ORG


and	O
they	O
did	O
do	O
thirty	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
their	O
publishing	O
vanity	O
market	O


so	O
I	O
was	O
like	O
okay	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
called	O
them	O
up	O
the	O
next	O
day	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
no	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
really	O
publish	O
it	O
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


but	O
I	O
mean	O
the	O
thing	O
is	O
they	O
want	O
the	O
%uh	O
completed	O
manuscript	O
in	O
a	O
month	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
holy	O
shit	O
.	O
fuck	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
how	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
it	O


and	O
I	O
mean	O
that	O
totally	O
does	O
n't	O
guarantee	O
that	O
they	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
publish	O
it	O
.	O


That	O
just	O
means	O
they	O
're	O
more	O
interested	O
and	O
they	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O
.	O


yeah	O


so	O
I	O
asked	O
you	O
on	O
my	O
email	O
.	O


I	O
sent	O
a	O
message	O
like	O
asking	O
people	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
funny	O
personal	O
ads	O


and	O
I	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
send	O
it	O
to	O
like	O
everybody	O
you	O
know	O
.	O
.	O


okay	O


okay	O


okay	O


and	O
Craig	B-PERSON
's	O
all	O
busy	O
like	O
coming	O
up	O
with	O
more	O
pictures	O
because	O
I	O
sent	O
a	O
couple	O
sample	O
pictures	O
that	O
he	O
did	O
.	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


so	O
he	O
's	O
all	O
busy	O
like	O
coming	O
up	O
with	O
enough	O
for	O
a	O
whole	O
book	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
so	O
cool	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
so	O
excited	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
I	O
get	O
something	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
mean	O
that	O
's	O
money	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
all	O
I	O
want	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


but	O
seriously	O
like	O
email	O
this	O
to	O
everybody	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
did	O


and	O
then	O
they	O
all	O
did	O


and	O
then	O
they	O
all	O
di-	O


I	O
hope	O


I	O
hope	O


I	O
hope	O
.	O


Because	O


That	O
's	O
cool	O


I	O
want	O
stuff	O
from	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
country	O


and	O
I	O
only	O
have	O
a	O
few	O
things	O
from	O
different	O
places	O
like	O
from	O
you	O
and	O
Diana	B-PERSON
and	O
stuff	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


And	O
mostly	O
it	O
's	O
from	O
here	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
my	O
dad	O
he	O
got	O
all	O
excited	O


so	O
he	O
's	O
sending	O
me	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
stuff	O
from	O
the	O
Journal	O
that	O
he	O
thought	O
was	O
funny	O


yeah	O


But	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
'm	O
totally	O
desperately	O
in	O
need	O
of	O
really	O
fast	O
ads	O


okay	O
So	O
you	O
'll	O
get	O
the	O
message	O
though	O


oh	O
that	O
's	O
cool	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
so	O
happy	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
email	O
.	O


I	O
know	O


that	O
's	O
so	O
cool	O


Right	O
now	O
I	O
'm	O
just	O
like	O
well	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
pain	O
in	O
the	O
ass	O
though	O
because	O
I	O
went	O
there	O
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
to	O
like	O
sign	O
up	O
for	O
it	O


and	O
I	O
'd	O
filled	O
out	O
this	O
form	O


and	O
then	O
like	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
ready	O
mhm	O
until	O
like	O
today	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


I	O
mean	O
you	O
just	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
everything	O


like	O
what	O
the	O
hell	O
's	O
that	O
called	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
?	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
register	O
to	O
be	O
here	O
like	O
since	O
I	O
'm	O
a	O
foreigner	O
.	O


mhm	O


so	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
this	O
one	O
place	O
like	O
that	O
's	O
only	O
open	O
from	O
like	B-TIME
eight	I-TIME
o'clock	I-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
until	O
like	B-TIME
twelve	I-TIME


and	O
since	O
we	O
're	O
in	O
class	O
from	O
nine	B-TIME
until	O
twelve	B-TIME
thirty	I-TIME
,	O
you	O
know	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
like	O
really	O
early	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O


That	O
's	O
so	O
funny	O
.	O


I	O
know	O


is	O
n't	O


Well	O


goofy	O


and	O
%um	O
so	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
like	O
this	O
one	O
place	O
and	O
like	O
fill	O
out	O
this	O
total	O
form	O


and	O
then	O
it	O
takes	O
them	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE


and	O
then	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
,	O


well	O
I	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
today	B-DATE


but	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
up	O
early	O
because	O
I	O
was	O
tired	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
in	O
the	O
morning	O
to	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
place	O
to	O
get	O
my	O
visa	O
to	O
live	O
here	O


like	O
they	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
anything	O
in	O
like	O
one	B-CARDINAL
fucking	O
day	O
you	O
know	O


Sounds	O
like	O
Russia	B-GPE


like	O
I	O
know	O


I	O
know	O


is	O
Russian	B-LANGUAGE
way	O


yeah	O


I	O
know	O


I	O
'm	O
like	O
okay	O
we	O
're	O
a	O
first	O
world	O
country	O


oh	O
god	O
that	O
sucks	O


yeah	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
's	O
so	O
funny	O
because	O
people	O
talk	O
about	O
like	O
I	O
mean	O
I	O
guess	O
the	O
university	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
professors	O
and	O
everything	O


I	O
mean	O
there	O
's	O
like	O
over	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
almost	B-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
books	O
in	O
the	O
library	O
and	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O


and	O
of	O
course	O
like	O
the	O
professors	O
are	O
really	O
good	O


and	O
the	O
classes	O
are	O
really	O
good	O


but	O
like	O
there	O
's	O
so	O
like	O
ass	O
backwards	O
like	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
the	O
computers	O
%huh	O
and	O
like	O
how	O
many	O
there	O
are	O
and	O
you	O
know	O


%ah	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
funny	O


uh-huh	O


%hm	O


All	O
you	O
hear	O
were	O
we	O
have	O
lots	O
of	O
computers	O


and	O
everything	O
is	O
done	O
in	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
way	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
typing	O
today	O


and	O
the	O
Y	O
and	O
the	O
Z	O
are	O
like	O
changed	O
around	O


and	O
then	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
like	O
other	O
special	O
characters	O


and	O
then	O
like	O
the	O
apostrophe	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
push	O
shift	O
to	O
get	O
it	O
.	O


and	O
there	O
's	O
like	O
a	O
number	O
sign	O
in	O
the	O
normal	O
place	O


so	O
like	O
half	O
the	O
things	O
I	O
sent	O
out	O
today	O
probably	O
had	O
like	O
number	O
signs	O
instead	O
of	O
apostrophes	O


mhm	O
.	O


Weird	O


yeah	O


%hm	O
%hm	O
well	O


oh	O
look	O
at	O
that	O
cute	O
little	O
boy	O
walking	O
down	O
the	O
street	O
.	O


oh	O
your	O
hair	O
is	O
so	O
obviously	O
dyed	O
,	O
my	O
child	O


And	O
it	O
rains	O
every	O
frigging	O
day	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
been	O
unlike	O


so	O
glad	O
that	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
pneumonia	O
.	O


Especially	O
from	O
that	O
weekend	O
like	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
fucking	O
mountain	O
in	O
the	O
rain	O
.	O


%hm	O


it	O
's	O
rained	O
every	O
day	O


and	O
of	O
course	O
like	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
just	O
stay	O
inside	O
.	O


Like	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


%hm	O


yeah	O
.	O


How	O
's	O
school	O
?	O


%hm	O
okay	O


What	O
's	O
the	O
matter	O
?	O


oh	O
I	O
'm	O
just	O
really	O
busy	O


and	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
near	O


oh	O
first	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
I	O
have	O
Shana	B-PERSON
's	O
shower	O
coming	O
up	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


%ah	O
that	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
a	O
huge	O
like	O
three	O
day	O
effort	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
cooking	O
and	O
cleaning	O
and	O
like	O
actually	O
party	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


Is	O
there	O
anyone	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
to	O
help	O
you	O
?	O


%um	O
Jessica	B-PERSON
's	O
going	O
to	O
help	O


and	O
Beth	B-PERSON
might	O
because	O
you	O
see	O
,	O
Diane	B-PERSON
is	O
here	O
now	O
.	O


oh	O
okay	O


And	O
Diana	B-PERSON
is	O
bored	O
because	O
Beth	B-PERSON
is	O
working	O
every	O
day	O
and	O
she	O
has	O
class	O
at	O
night	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


But	O
she	O
wants	O
to	O
go	O
out	O
with	O
me	O


but	O
I	O
am	O
like	O
so	O
fucking	O
busy	O
right	O
now	O
.	O


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
to	O
read	O
sixty	B-CARDINAL
pages	O
of	O
Russian	B-LANGUAGE
today	O
.	O


It	O
took	O
me	O
like	B-TIME
five	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
to	O
do	O
like	O
five	B-CARDINAL
pages	O


so	O
I	O
just	O
sort	O
of	O
quit	O
.	O


mhm	O


I	O
mean	O
and	O
she	O
's	O
like	O
she	O
wanted	O
me	O
to	O
spend	O
the	O
whole	O
day	O
with	O
her	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


and	O
I	O
felt	O
really	O
bad	O


but	O
I	O
was	O
like	O
I	O
'm	O
sorry	O


but	O
I	O
simply	O
can	O
not	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
just	O
not	O
an	O
option	O
,	O
you	O
know	O


yeah	O


yeah	O


And	O
she	O
's	O
like	O
well	O
maybe	O
we	O
can	O
meet	O
in	O
the	O
afternoon	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
like	O
yeah	O
I	O
'll	O
see	O
how	O
long	O
it	O
takes	O
me	O
to	O
get	O
this	O
stuff	O
done	O
.	O


So	O
she	O
calls	O
me	O
at	O
nine	O
thirty	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
out	O


oh	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
I	O
'll	O
start	O
studying	O
now	O
.	O


So	O
she	O
called	O
back	O
at	O
noon	B-TIME
.	O


I	O
've	O
only	O
read	O
three	B-CARDINAL
pages	O
of	O
the	O
sixty	B-CARDINAL
I	O
have	O
to	O
read	O
.	O


uh-huh	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
well	O
maybe	O
we	O
could	O
do	O
something	O
later	O
tonight	O
.	O


so	O
now	O
I	O
like	O
keep	O
pushing	O
back	O
the	O
time	O
you	O
know	O


like	O
well	O
maybe	O
you	O
can	O
come	O
over	O
at	O
eight	O


well	O
maybe	O
we	O
can	O
do	O
something	O
on	O
Friday	B-DATE


and	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
time	O
at	O
all	O
until	O
she	O
leaves	O
,	O
you	O
know	O


Well	O


it	O
feels	O
like	O
a	O
real	O
pain	O
in	O
the	O
ass	O
.	O


That	O
sucks	O


I	O
know	O


I	O
just	O
have	O
so	O
much	O
work	O
to	O
do	O


and	O
It	O
's	O
just	O
not	O
an	O
option	O
to	O
not	O
do	O
this	O
work	O
because	O
It	O
's	O
just	O
me	O
and	O
this	O
other	O
kid	O
in	O
the	O
class	O
.	O
yeah	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
like	O
he	O
's	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
call	O
on	O
you	O
.	O


with	O
a	O
scary	O
professor	O


yeah	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
like	O
I	O
can	O
just	O
sit	O
there	O
and	O
pretend	O
to	O
have	O
read	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
stuff	O


yeah	O
.	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
he	O
just	O
gives	O
a	O
ton	O
of	O
reading	O
Probably	O
not	O
remembering	O
that	O
he	O
's	O
expecting	O
us	O
to	O
do	O
an	O
extensive	O
research	O
paper	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


Really	O
?	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
already	O
up	O
to	O
my	O
eyeballs	O
in	O
work	O


and	O
Joanna	B-PERSON
Nichols	I-PERSON
is	O
insisting	O
that	O
I	O
take	O
this	O
independent	O
study	O
with	O
her	O


but	O
she	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
teach	O
it	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
take	O
it	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
doing	O
.	O


She	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
meet	O
me	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O


Hello	O
?	O


And	O
I	O
still	O


I	O
know	O


so	O
she	O
's	O
like	O
well	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
bibliography	O
of	O
dialectology	O
stuff	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
read	O
and	O
see	O
me	O
on	O
Tuesday	B-DATE


and	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
you	O
obviously	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


so	O


oh	O
she	O
was	O
on	O
N	B-ORG
P	I-ORG
R	I-ORG
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
by	O
the	O
way	O


Really	O
?	O


that	O
's	O
cool	O


she	O
taught	O


After	O
she	O
was	O
on	O
Talk	B-WORK_OF_ART
&of	I-WORK_OF_ART
&the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Nation	I-WORK_OF_ART


What	O
was	O
she	O
talking	O
about	O
?	O


She	O
was	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
origins	O
of	O
language	O


but	O
the	O
thing	O
is	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
hear	O
it	O
because	O
Eric	B-PERSON
heard	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
car	O
and	O
he	O
called	O
me	O
at	O
work	O
and	O
left	O
a	O
message	O
but	O
Darren	B-PERSON
was	O
on	O
the	O
line	O
.	O


%uh	O


So	O
then	O
Eric	B-PERSON
got	O
there	O


and	O
we	O
turned	O
it	O
on	O
.	O


I	O
only	O
heard	O
the	B-TIME
last	I-TIME
few	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
.	O


I	O
heard	O
her	O
laugh	O
,	O
though	O
.	O


Wow	O
.	O


What	O
'd	O
she	O
do	O
?	O


Sit	O
on	O
a	O
whoopie	O
cushion	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


but	O
I	O
mean	O
like	O
millions	O
of	O
people	O
heard	O
her	O
laugh	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
pretty	O
wild	O
.	O


so	O
anyway	O
I	O
'm	O
just	O
so	O
stressed	O
out	O
right	O
now	O
that	O
I	O
feel	O
like	O
crying	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
the	O
last	O
thing	O
I	O
need	O
is	O
somebody	O
going	O
to	O
me	O
let	O
's	O
go	O
out	O


let	O
's	O
go	O
out	O


let	O
's	O
go	O
out	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
,	O
okay	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
feel	O
bad	O
because	O
she	O
's	O
only	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
here	O
for	O
another	O
week	O
.	O


I	O
feel	O
bad	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
so	O
stressed	O
again	O
.	O


I	O
thought	O
like	O
this	O
semester	O
would	O
be	O
like	O
better	O
for	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
only	O
stressed	O
this	O
weekend	O
because	O
like	O
I	O
have	O
party	O
and	O
I	O
have	O
Diana	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
finish	O
up	O
that	O
book	O
review	O
for	O
Language	B-ORG
Magazine	I-ORG


yeah	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
even	O
read	O
the	O
book	O
.	O


Wow	O


Well	O
,	O
I	O
hope	O
nobody	O
listening	O
to	O
this	O
is	O
from	O
Language	B-ORG
Magazine	I-ORG
.	O


but	O
I	O
indeed	O
do	O
a	O
book	O
notice	O
and	O
just	O
all	O
these	O
things	O
that	O
after	O
this	O
weekend	O
,	O
like	O
half	O
of	O
them	O
will	O
go	O
away	O
yeah	O
You	O
know	O
?	O


yeah	O


So	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


I	O
hope	O
I	O
go	O
to	O
Holland	B-GPE
.	O


Would	O
n't	O
that	O
be	O
cool	O
?	O


That	O
would	O
be	O
so	O
cool	O
because	O
like	O
even	O
this	O
weekend	O
I	O
was	O
just	O
thinking	O
because	O
we	O
're	O
all	O
like	O
deciding	O
we	O
're	O
like	O
oh	O
where	O
do	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
this	O
weekend	O
because	O
there	O
's	O
like	O
a	O
cool	O
offer	O
%uh	O
%um	O
with	O
the	O
trains	O
and	O
stuff	O
.	O


for	O
Thirty	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
total	O
like	O
up	O
to	O
five	B-CARDINAL
people	O
can	O
go	O
anywhere	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
only	O
like	O
you	O
know	O
like	O
five	B-MONEY
marks	I-MONEY
each	O
within	O
the	O
German	B-NORP
border	O
for	O
the	O
weekend	O
like	O
leave	O


How	O
much	O
is	O
that	O
?	O


%um	O
probably	O
like	B-MONEY
twenty	I-MONEY
bucks	I-MONEY
.	O


uh-huh	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
can	O
go	O
for	O
like	B-MONEY
twenty	I-MONEY
bucks	I-MONEY
I	O
mean	O


but	O
like	O
really	O
like	B-MONEY
four	I-MONEY
bucks	I-MONEY
each	I-MONEY
like	O
Anywhere	O
within	O
Germany	B-GPE
you	O
--	O
uh-huh	O
--	O
go	O
for	O
the	O
weekend	O


so	O
we	O
're	O
going	O


and	O
%um	O
then	O
like	O
of	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
outside	O
the	O
border	O
then	O
you	O
can	O
like	O
pay	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
border	O


and	O
then	O
you	O
pay	O
an	O
additional	O
little	O
fee	O
.	O


Right	O
.	O


And	O
%um	O
so	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
like	O
Switzerland	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
weekend	I-DATE


but	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
all	O
just	O
like	O
deciding	O
where	O
we	O
wanted	O
to	O
go	O
the	O
weekend	O
I	O
'm	O
like	O
wow	O
I	O
wish	O
Linda	B-PERSON
and	O
Eric	B-PERSON
we	O
here	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
just	O
pop	O
up	O
to	O
Holland	B-GPE
and	O
see	O
them	O


%ah	O


yeah	O
.	O


Well	O
I	O
'm	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
things	O
done	O


but	O
Carl	B-PERSON


you	O
know	O
I	O
talked	O
to	O
Carl	B-PERSON
.	O


He	O
's	O
really	O
busy	O


yeah	O


and	O
like	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
directors	O
is	O
very	O
unhappy	O
because	O
our	O
American	B-NORP
business	O
is	O
not	O
doing	O
very	O
well	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
probably	O
like	O
a	O
really	O
bad	O
time	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
be	O
irritating	O
Carl	B-PERSON
about	O
this	O
yeah	O
being	O
the	O
C	O
E	O
O	O
and	O
all	O


yeah	O
.	O


but	O
I	O
called	O
him	O
up	O


and	O
he	O
was	O
like	O
well	O
I	O
can	O
let	O
you	O
know	O


or	O
I	O
'm	O
definitely	O
outgoing	O


like	O
we	O
could	O
definitely	O
go	O


But	O
did	O
I	O
tell	O
you	O
this	O
?	O


He	O
said	O
they	O
might	O
be	O
moving	O
.	O


oh	O
no	O


So	O
that	O
means	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
n't	O
have	O
company	O
housing	O
.	O


Where	O
would	O
they	O
be	O
moving	O
?	O


because	O
they	O
're	O
above	O
a	O
furniture	O
store	O
right	O
now	O
like	O
doing	O
manufacturing	O


so	O


%ah	O


okay	O


He	O
said	O
%um	O
but	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
'd	O
find	O
a	O
place	O
for	O
you	O
because	O
he	O
knows	O
it	O
's	O
totally	O
impossible	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
place	O
in	O
Utrecht	B-GPE


yeah	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
like	O
we	O
'll	O
find	O
a	O
place	O
for	O
you	O


and	O
we	O
can	O
ta-	O


all	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
know	O
All	O
I	O
need	O
to	O
know	O
is	O
how	O
much	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
pay	O
me	O
and	O
what	O
are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
give	O
me	O
in	O
this	O
package	O
?	O


yeah	O
yeah	O
.	O


The	O
thing	O
about	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
city	O
is	O
so	O
beautiful	O


but	O
it	O
is	O
so	O
trashy	O
too	O


there	O
's	O
parts	O
of	O
it	O
where	O
I	O
mean	O
nobody	O
takes	O
care	O
of	O
it	O


I	O
mean	O
there	O
's	O
litter	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O


and	O
I	O
mean	O
there	O
's	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
that	O
are	O
just	O
you	O
know	O
graffiti	O
on	O
the	O
wall	O


and	O
%hm	O
.	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
kind	O
of	O
sad	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
such	O
a	O
historical	O
city	O
and	O
there	O
's	O
parts	O
of	O
it	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
taken	O
care	O
of	O
at	O
all	O


but	O
anyway	O


so	O
we	O
did	O
a	O
service	O
project	O
and	O
%um	O
went	O
and	O
picked	O
up	O
trash	O
you	O
know	O


and	O
%um	O
we	O
were	O
all	O
out	O
there	O
on	O
the	O
street	O
%um	O
that	O
leads	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
old	O
city	O


and	O
you	O
know	O
all	O
these	O
Arabs	B-NORP
started	O
coming	O
out	O
and	O
helping	O
us	O


and	O
their	O
kids	O
started	O
coming	O
out	O
and	O
helping	O
us	O


and	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
would	O
just	O
come	O
out	O
and	O
just	O
stare	O
you	O
know	O
just	O
be	O
like	O
all	O
and	O
just	O
kind	O
of	O
in	O
amazement	O
wondering	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
doing	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O


I	O
just	O
kind	O
of	O
felt	O
you	O
know	O
there	O
's	O
more	O
than	O
one	B-CARDINAL
way	O
to	O
do	O
missionary	O
work	O
here	O
oh	O
yeah	O
.	O
you	O
know	O


so	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
good	O


the	O
people	O
have	O
very	O
good	O
impression	O
of	O
us	O
down	O
here	O


whenever	O
we	O
go	O
into	O
the	O
stores	O
they	O
're	O
like	O
you	O
're	O
a	O
Mormon	B-NORP


you	O
are	O
welcome	O
here	O
you	O
know	O


it	O
's	O
special	O
discount	O
for	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
're	O
a	O
Mormon	B-NORP


you	O
're	O
wonderf-	O


we	O
like	O
you	O


yeah	O


I	O
'll	O
bet	O
they	O
give	O
you	O
a	O
special	O
discount	O
though	O


we	O
like	O
your	O
good	O
American	B-NORP
money	O


Some	O
of	O
them	O
though	O


like	O
there	O
's	O
this	O
coup-	O


What	O
?	O


They	O
like	O
your	O
good	O
American	B-NORP
money	O
.	O


yeah	O


they	O
do	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
them	O
invite	O
us	O
over	O
for	O
dinner	O
at	O
their	O
house	O


and	O


Did	O
you	O
go	O
?	O


%um	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
gone	O
yet	O


but	O
there	O
's	O
this	O
one	O
guy	O
that	O


he	O
sells	O
%um	O


what	O
's	O
his	O
name	O


his	O
name	O
's	O
%um	O
Murphy	B-PERSON


he	O
has	O
a	O
shop	O


he	O
sells	O
sandals	O
and	O
stuff	O
like	O
that	O


and	O
so	O
he	O
always	O
%um	O
like	O
%ah	O
invites	O
about	B-CARDINAL
twelve	I-CARDINAL
students	O
over	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
you	O
know	O
and	O
%uh	O
invites	O
them	O
over	O
for	O
dinner	O
at	O
his	O
house	O


there	O
's	O
a	O
couple	O
other	O
people	O
that	O
are	O
really	O
good	O
friends	O
%um	O
that	O
always	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
kids	O
from	O
the	O
center	O
that	O
are	O
pretty	O
well	O
known	O


and	O
so	O
like	O
Omar	B-PERSON
he	O
just	O
sells	O
olivewood	O
carvings	O
that	O
are	O
absolutely	O
beautiful	O


and	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
couple	O
other	O
people	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
fun	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
them	O


and	O
anyway	O
it	O
's	O
fun	O
really	O
fun	O
.	O


%huh	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
different	O
being	O
down	O
here	O
though	O


there	O
's	O
you	O
know	O
a	O
lot	O
differences	O


the	O
food	O
is	O
really	O
good	O
though	O


the	O
bread	O
is	O
wonderful	O


like	O
everywhere	O
you	O
go	O
there	O
's	O
pita	O
bread	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
kind	O
of	O
bread	O
that	O
you	O
like	O
dipped	O
in	O
herbs	O
and	O
spices	O
and	O
stuff	O


and	O
it	O
is	O
really	O
good	O


the	O
bread	O
down	O
here	O
is	O
good	O


and	O
there	O
's	O
lots	O
of	O
fruit	O


there	O
's	O
like	O
%um	O
pomegranate	O
trees	O
everywhere	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
realize	O
that	O
pomegranates	O
were	O
grown	O
down	O
here	O
.	O


%huh	O
.	O


We	O
even	O
have	O
one	O
outside	O
of	O
our	O
room	O
on	O
our	O
balcony	O
.	O


Do	O
they	O
have	O
fresh	O
pomegranates	O
on	O
it	O
right	O
now	O
?	O


It	O
does	O


you	O
can	O
eat	O
em	O


they	O
're	O
good	O
.	O


oh	O
wow	O


really	O
fun	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
trees	O
all	O
over	O


like	O
okay	O
let	O
me	O
describe	O
my	O
room	O


it	O
's	O


you	O
go	O
outside	O


the	O
coolest	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
like	O
%um	O
the	O
whole	O
center	O
is	O
built	O
on	O
a	O
hill	O


and	O
so	O
instead	O
of	O


I	O
mean	O
it	O
's	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
floors	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
like	O
high	O
rise	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
floors	O


it	O
just	O
kind	O
of	O
cascades	O
down	O
the	O
mountain	O


you	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
saying	O
?	O


yeah	O


you	O
sent	O
me	O
that	O
picture	O


so	O


oh	O
yeah	O


so	O
you	O
kind	O
of	O
saw	O
it	O


which	O
one	O
did	O
I	O
send	O
you	O


is	O
it	O
just	O
of	O
the	O
center	O
?	O


yeah	O


just	O
like	O
an	O
aerial	O
view	O
.	O


oh	O
yeah	O


okay	O
so	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
'm	O
talking	O
about	O


yeah	O


Anyway	O


and	O
so	O
then	O
%um	O
like	O
our	O
room	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
floor	O


mhm	O
.	O


and	O
you	O
actually	O
go	O
outside	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
our	O
room	O


there	O
's	O
a	O
hallway	O
that	O
's	O
outside	O


and	O
then	O
the	O
rooms	O
are	O
just	O


I	O
mean	O
they	O
look	O
like	O
little	O
apartments	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
you	O
get	O
into	O


and	O
there	O
's	O
%um	O


the	O
hallway	O
is	O
just	O
all	O
done	O
in	O
marble	O


and	O
%um	O
you	O
know	O
there	O
's	O
trees	O
in	O
the	O
hallway	O


and	O
there	O
's	O
ivy	O
that	O
grows	O
on	O
the	O
wall	O


and	O
you	O
come	O
into	O
the	O
room	O


uh-huh	O


%um	O
and	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
got	O
our	O
beds	O
and	O
the	O
bathroom	O
and	O
stuff	O


and	O
then	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
patio	O
where	O
you	O
go	O
outside	O


and	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
wooden	O
trellis	O
that	O
kind	O
f	O
bows	O
overhead	O
and	O
kind	O
of	O
makes	O
a	O
little	O
roof	O
for	O
us	O
I	O
guess	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
got	O
all	O
of	O
these	O
flowering	O
plants	O
on	O
it	O
and	O
ivy	O


and	O
then	O
we	O
have	O
this	O
big	O
rose	O
garden	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
us	O


and	O
then	O
you	O
just	O
have	O
this	O
perfect	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


So	O
you	O
're	O
actually	O
above	O
the	O
city	O


what	O


yeah	O


right	O


we	O
're	O
above	O
the	O
city	O


we	O
're	O
on	O
mount	B-LOC
Scopeth	I-LOC
which	O
is	O
right	O
next	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
mount	I-LOC
Olif	I-LOC


and	O
so	O
%um	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
is	O
right	O
below	O
us	O


it	O
takes	O
about	B-TIME
fifteen	I-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
to	O
walk	O
--	O
Is	O
--	O
into	O
the	O
old	O
city	O
.	O


Is	O
the	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
center	O
on	O
the	O
highest	O
mountain	O
around	O
there	O
?	O


%um	O
it	O
's	O


yeah	O


well	O
pretty	O
close	O


like	O
Hebrew	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
is	O
just	O
above	O
us	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
it	O
called	O
?	O


Hebrew	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
is	O
just	O
right	O
above	O
us	O


we	O
go	O
there	O
a	O
lot	O


we	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
their	O
stuff	O
%um	O
their	O
library	O
and	O
everything	O
like	O
that	O


but	O
%um	O


And	O
who	O
's	O
that	O
done	O
by	O
?	O


who	O


a	O
University	O


%um	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
just	O
a	O
state	O
university	O
you	O
know	O


From	O
Jerusalem	B-GPE
%huh	O
?	O


yeah	O


%ah	O
well	O


no	O


I	O
mean	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Israel	B-GPE


yeah	O


ca-	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
who	O
runs	O
it	O


but	O
%um	O
there	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
worldwide	O
that	O
are	O
there	O


%huh	O


I	O
'm	O
sorry	O


I	O
'm	O
like	O
trying	O
to	O
wake	O
up	O


Well	O
I	O
thought	O


I	O
guess	O
I	O
was	O
an	O
hour	O
off	O


I	O
thought	O
it	O
'd	O
be	O
just	O
about	O
seven	B-TIME
o'clock	I-TIME


and	O
you	O
'd	O
be	O
wide	O
awake	O
by	O
now	O


but	O
You	O
are	O
now	O


I	O
am	O
now	O


we	O
have	O
tomorrow	O
off	O
too	O


oh	O
do	O
you	O


what	O
's	O
nice	O
is	O
we	O
have	O
like	O
four	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
of	O
classes	O
and	O
then	O
we	O
have	O
%um	O
three	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
off	O


it	O
's	O
weird	O
though	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
Sunday	B-DATE
over	O
there	O
now	O
%huh	O
?	O


yeah	O


it	O
is	O


Sunday	B-DATE
night	O


see	O
we	O
have	O
our	O
Sabbath	B-DATE
on	O
Saturday	B-DATE


and	O
so	O
it	O
's	O
so	O
easy	O
to	O
get	O
confused	O
with	O
days	O


I	O
forget	O
what	O
day	O
it	O
is	O
because	O
it	O
just	O
messes	O
me	O
up	O
because	O
Sundays	O
you	O
know	O
we	O
go	O
out	O
and	O
go	O
on	O
field	O
trips	O
and	O
everything	O
like	O
that	O


and	O
anyways	O
it	O
's	O
confusing	O


But	O
oh	O
I	O
'm	O
taking	O
my	O
Isaiah	B-PERSON
class	O


so	O
wonderful	O


it	O
's	O
so	O
good	O
.	O


At	O
what	O
ti-	O


I	O
love	O
it	O


What	O
time	O
do	O
you	O
normally	O
start	O
classes	O


%um	O
at	O
about	B-TIME
seven	I-TIME
forty	I-TIME


At	O
seven	B-TIME
forty	I-TIME


yeah	O


%um	O
we	O
have	O
our	O
Old	B-WORK_OF_ART
Testament	I-WORK_OF_ART
class	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
every	O
morning	O
at	O
seven	B-TIME
forty	I-TIME


And	O
then	O
I	O
usually	O
have	O


%um	O
I	O
'm	O
that	O
class	O
is	O
a	O
lot	O


actually	O
we	O
study	O
a	O
lot	O
down	O
here	O


Surprisingly	O
enough	O


but	O
%um	O
I	O
have	O
my	O
Old	B-WORK_OF_ART
Testament	I-WORK_OF_ART
class	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
go	O
to	O
do	O
either	O
%um	O
N	O
E	O
S	O
Near	O
Eastern	O
Civilizations	O


%um	O
it	O
's	O
really	O
good	O


Brother	O
Skinner	B-PERSON
teaches	O
it	O


and	O
he	O


What	O
is	O
it	O


N	O
N	O
E	O
S	O


uh-huh	O


Near	O
Eastern	O
Studies	O


What	O
does	O
that	O
stand	O
for	O


I	O
said	O
Near	O
Eastern	O
Civilizations	O


that	O
's	O
not	O
right	O


No	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
C	O


so	O


what	O
is	O
it	O


Studies	O
Near	O
Eastern	O
Studies	O


Near	O
Eastern	O
Studies	O


that	O
's	O
what	O
it	O
is	O


okay	O
you	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
give	O
me	O
a	O
break	O
because	O
I	O
'm	O
a	O
little	O
tired	O


Anyway	O
%um	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
really	O
cool	O
class	O
because	O
you	O
get	O
to	O
learn	O
all	O
the	O
history	O
behind	O
everything	O


And	O
it	O
starts	O
making	O
things	O
in	O
the	O
Bible	B-WORK_OF_ART
make	O
sense	O
you	O
know	O


oh	O
yeah	O


you	O
know	O
you	O
find	O
out	O


oh	O
okay	O
I	O
understand	O
you	O
know	O
okay	O
when	O
this	O
happened	O
when	O
Abraham	B-PERSON
was	O
journeying	O
and	O
What	O
was	O
going	O
on	O
politically	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
what	O
was	O
going	O
on	O
culturally	O
in	O
the	O
area	O


and	O
all	O
of	O
a	O
sudden	O
the	O
stories	O
kind	O
of	O
make	O
sense	O


And	O
they	O
just	O
come	O
to	O
life	O
you	O
know	O


it	O
's	O
really	O
neat	O


I	O
like	O
it	O
a	O
lot	O


and	O
%um	O
then	O
I	O
have	O
%um	O
my	O
Jewish	B-NORP
Culture	O
class	O
%um	O
taught	O
by	O
rabbi	O
Rosen	B-PERSON


he	O
's	O
really	O
really	O
good	O
really	O
good	O
teacher	O
%um	O


and	O
%ah	O
that	O
's	O
been	O
interesting	O
to	O
learn	O
about	O


yeah	O


Does	O
he	O
speak	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
pretty	O
well	O


yeah	O


actually	O
he	O
's	O
British	B-NORP


and	O
he	O
speaks	O
with	O
this	O
really	O
cool	O
British	B-NORP
accent	O


I	O
love	O
listening	O
to	O
him	O
talk	O


he	O
uses	O
all	O
of	O
these	O
%um	O
cool	O
words	O


and	O
in	O
his	O
British	B-NORP
accent	O
it	O
just	O
kind	O
of	O
sounds	O
kind	O
of	O
neat	O


he	O
's	O
a	O
neat	O
figure	O


he	O
's	O
really	O
%um	O
energetic	O


and	O
anyway	O
%um	O
he	O
%ah	O


and	O
then	O
there	O
's	O
this	O
Arab	B-NORP
Civilization	O
class	O
that	O
I	O
take	O
%um	O
from	O
Brother	O


he	O
's	O
an	O
Arab	B-NORP
here	O
a	O
very	O
prominent	O
Arab	B-NORP
%um	O
Muslim	B-NORP
down	O
here	O


he	O
really	O
was	O
influential	O
in	O
%um	O
getting	O
the	O
center	O
built	O
here	O


he	O
worked	O
with	O
President	O
Hunter	B-PERSON
a	O
lot	O
that	O
knew	O
him	O
very	O
well	O


he	O
is	O
so	O
neat	O


and	O
I	O
wrote	O
this	O
in	O
my	O
letter	O
so	O
you	O
'll	O
get	O
it	O
twice	O


but	O
%um	O
he	O
was	O
talking	O
to	O
us	O
one	O
time	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
our	O
classes	O


and	O
he	O
was	O
saying	O
%um	O
somebody	O
asked	O
him	O


he	O
's	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
dry	O
Mormon	B-NORP
down	O
here	O


and	O
so	O
somebody	O
asked	O
him	O
kind	O
of	O
what	O
that	O
meant	O


and	O
he	O
said	O
he	O
just	O
started	O


he	O
kind	O
of	O
laughed	O


and	O
he	O
started	O
going	O
on	O
about	O
how	O
he	O
first	O
came	O
in	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
church	O
and	O
President	O
Hunter	B-PERSON


and	O
%uh	O
he	O
said	O


and	O
he	O
got	O
all	O
choked	O
up	O
you	O
know	O
and	O
started	O
to	O
cry	O


and	O
%ah	O
he	O
you	O
know	O
had	O
to	O
stop	O
and	O
kind	O
of	O
excuse	O
himself	O


but	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
always	O
felt	O
like	O
in	O
Islam	B-NORP
they	O
believe	O
that	O
Mohammed	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
prophet	O
%hm	O
And	O
they	O
believe	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
prophets	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
Jesus	B-PERSON
was	O
a	O
prophet	O


an-	O


anyway	O


but	O
they	O
believe	O
that	O
Mohammed	B-PERSON
was	O
the	O
last	O
prophet	O
you	O
know	O


and	O
so	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
seal	O
of	O
the	O
prophet	O


they	O
do	O
n't	O
worship	O
him	O
or	O
anything	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
funny	O
because	O
I	O
learn	O
about	O
the	O
Jewish	B-NORP
religion	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O


you	O
see	O
all	O
of	O
these	O
divisions	O
happening	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
these	O
questions	O


and	O
you	O
ask	O


you	O
know	O
there	O
's	O
the	O
old	O
joke	O
%um	O
if	O
you	O
ask	O
%ah	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Jewish	B-NORP
men	O
a	O
question	O
you	O
'll	O
get	O
four	B-CARDINAL
opinions	O


You	O
know	O
tha-	O


I	O
mean	O
they	O
're	O
very	O
you	O
know	O


you	O
really	O
do	O


I	O
've	O
talked	O
to	O
several	O
of	O
them	O


you	O
really	O
get	O
different	O
things	O
because	O
you	O
know	O
there	O
's	O
the	O
ultra	O
orthodox	O
and	O
the	O
reformed	O
and	O
the	O
anyway	O
%um	O


and	O
so	O
he	O
was	O
just	O
saying	O
that	O
%ah	O
he	O
never	O
thought	O
that	O
that	O
was	O
right	O


and	O
he	O
said	O
%um	O
whenever	O
I	O
am	O
with	O
your	O
prophet	O
President	O
Hunter	B-PERSON
he	O
says	O
I	O
can	O
not	O
explain	O
it	O


it	O
's	O
just	O
a	O
feeling	O
inside	O


and	O
then	O
he	O
'd	O
say	O
do	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O


and	O
we	O
were	O
all	O
just	O
silent	O
you	O
know	O
and	O
just	O
nodding	O
our	O
heads	O


and	O
yup	O
he	O
says	O
I	O
just	O
can	O
not	O
help	O
but	O
feel	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
man	O
of	O
God	O


A	O
Saudi	B-NORP
woman	O
issues	O
a	O
voice	O
recording	O
in	O
which	O
she	O
mourns	O
her	O
brother	O
and	O
demands	O
the	O
punishment	O
of	O
his	O
killers	O
.	O


HAD1999	B-PERSON


In	O
a	O
unique	O
way	O
,	O
a	O
young	O
Saudi	B-NORP
woman	O
has	O
resorted	O
to	O
issuing	O
a	O
sound	O
tape	O
in	O
which	O
she	O
mourns	O
her	O
brother	O
murdered	O
in	O
Hafr	B-GPE
Al	I-GPE
Batin	I-GPE
,	O
in	O
the	O
hope	O
of	O
rekindling	O
interest	O
in	O
his	O
case	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
3	B-CARDINAL
young	O
men	O
were	O
accused	O
of	O
killing	O
him	O
and	O
which	O
has	O
not	O
so	O
far	O
been	O
resolved	O
.	O


The	O
tape	O
contains	O
excerpts	O
of	O
poetry	O
,	O
dramatic	O
voice	O
recitals	O
,	O
detailed	O
accounts	O
of	O
the	O
young	O
man	O
's	O
murder	O
circumstances	O
of	O
the	O
background	O
to	O
the	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
case	O
for	O
which	O
the	O
young	O
woman	O
is	O
demanding	O
expedited	O
proceedings	O
and	O
punishment	O
of	O
those	O
involved	O
.	O


The	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
case	O
go	O
back	O
4	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
the	O
girl	O
's	O
brother	O
,	O
Abdullah	B-PERSON
Khaled	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Harbi	I-PERSON
-LRB-	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
-RRB-	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
his	O
friend	O
were	O
murdered	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
Eidul	I-DATE
Adha	I-DATE
1423	I-DATE
H	I-DATE
.	O


3	B-CARDINAL
young	O
men	O
were	O
accused	O
of	O
killing	O
both	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
investigated	O
.	O


Incriminating	O
evidence	O
was	O
found	O
despite	O
denials	O
by	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
and	O
a	O
confession	O
to	O
the	O
crime	O
by	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
report	O
prepared	O
by	O
colleague	O
Safr	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Azman	I-PERSON
and	O
published	O
by	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
paper	O
"	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
watan	I-ORG
"	O
.	O


The	O
girl	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
the	O
tape	O
was	O
born	O
following	O
failure	O
to	O
obtain	O
response	O
to	O
her	O
demands	O
that	O
the	O
investigation	O
proceedings	O
be	O
expedited	O
and	O
the	O
accused	O
tried	O
.	O


She	O
indicated	O
that	O
she	O
had	O
been	O
working	O
on	O
the	O
tape	O
for	O
about	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
writing	O
its	O
poems	O
.	O


She	O
also	O
wrote	O
stories	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
incident	O
and	O
backed	O
them	O
up	O
with	O
religious	O
hymns	O
,	O
chosing	O
"	O
A	B-WORK_OF_ART
Cry	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Pain	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	O
as	O
its	O
title	O
.	O


For	O
his	O
part	O
,	O
an	O
unnamed	O
source	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Investigation	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Prosecutor	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
in	O
the	B-GPE
Eastern	I-GPE
Province	I-GPE
explained	O
that	O
the	O
case	O
in	O
question	O
had	O
been	O
brought	O
before	O
the	O
authorities	O
concerned	O
after	O
it	O
was	O
returned	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Hafr	I-ORG
Al	I-ORG
Batin	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
case	O
had	O
the	O
attention	O
of	O
both	O
the	B-PERSON
Prince	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Eastern	I-PERSON
Province	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
deputy	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
following	O
up	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
source	O
disclosed	O
that	O
the	O
case	O
against	O
the	O
accussed	O
had	O
been	O
re-opened	O
following	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
another	O
high	O
-	O
ranking	O
board	O
that	O
includes	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
investigators	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Interior	I-ORG
who	O
were	O
moved	O
to	O
Central	B-ORG
Investigation	I-ORG
in	O
the	O
town	O
of	O
Dammam	B-GPE
.	O


Say	O
something	O
good	O
,	O
or	O
be	O
silent	O
.	O


Rejoice	O
,	O
people	O
of	O
Islam	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
toughest	O
of	O
your	O
soldiers	O
against	O
the	O
Antichrist	B-PERSON
have	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Sons	O
of	O
Tamim	B-NORP
.	O
-RRB-	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Musta'in	I-PERSON
Billah	I-PERSON


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
an	O
Arab	B-NORP
poet	O
praised	O
this	O
tribe	O
which	O
humbled	O
the	O
thrones	O
of	O
the	O
Persians	B-NORP
and	O
defeated	O
their	O
soldiers	O
and	O
their	O
elephants	O
.	O


Its	O
leader	O
,	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ahnaf	I-PERSON
ibn	I-PERSON
Qays	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
may	O
Allah	O
be	O
pleased	O
with	O
him	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
chased	O
their	O
king	O
until	O
he	O
was	O
killed	O
,	O
exiled	O
and	O
homeless	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
sons	O
of	O
Tamim	B-NORP
were	O
angry	O
with	O
you	O
...........	O
you	O
would	O
think	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
were	O
angry	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
only	O
because	O
the	O
sons	O
of	O
this	O
tribe	O
kept	O
their	O
pledge	O
,	O
were	O
loyal	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
steadfast	O
in	O
confrontation	O
and	O
tough	O
on	O
the	O
enemy	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
Messenger	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
God	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
may	O
God	O
bless	O
him	O
and	O
grant	O
him	O
salvation	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
said	O
about	O
them	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
his	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
alms	O
of	O
our	O
people	O
come	O
from	O
them	O
-LRB-	O
meaning	O
the	O
alms	O
of	O
the	O
sons	O
of	O
Tamim	B-NORP
-RRB-	O
narrated	O
by	O
Muslim	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
truthful	O
one	O
and	O
the	O
one	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
true	O
-LRB-	O
God	O
bless	O
him	O
and	O
grant	O
him	O
salvation	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
said	O
about	O
them	O
:	O
"	O
They	O
are	O
the	O
toughest	O
among	O
my	O
nation	O
in	O
battle	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
They	O
are	O
the	O
toughest	O
of	O
my	O
nation	O
against	O
the	O
Antichrist	B-PERSON
.	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
people	O
of	O
Tamim	B-NORP
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
a	O
large	O
part	O
of	O
al	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
Ahwaz	I-LOC
have	O
returned	O
from	O
the	O
journey	O
of	O
Rafidite	B-NORP
Safavid	B-NORP
pride	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
because	O
those	O
for	O
whom	O
a	O
happy	O
ending	O
has	O
already	O
been	O
decreed	O
by	O
God	O
in	O
the	O
written	O
book	O
and	O
to	O
whom	O
the	O
good	O
tidings	O
of	O
this	O
came	O
in	O
the	O
language	O
of	O
the	O
faithful	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
heavens	O
and	O
the	O
earth	O
-LRB-	O
God	O
's	O
blessings	O
on	O
him	O
-RRB-	O
was	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
left	O
by	O
God	O
in	O
the	O
mire	O
of	O
deviation	O
and	O
the	O
valleys	O
of	O
disobedience	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
heart	O
I	O
am	O
telling	O
you	O
,	O
sons	O
of	O
Tamim	B-NORP
,	O
children	O
of	O
al	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Hamayil	I-NORP
,	O
al	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Butama	I-NORP
,	O
al	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Shirman	I-NORP
,	O
children	O
of	O
al	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Kanan	I-NORP
,	O
people	O
of	O
Basra	B-GPE
,	O
al	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Ahnaf	I-NORP
,	O
the	O
great	O
Abu	B-GPE
al	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Khasib	I-GPE
,	O
you	O
swords	O
of	O
glory	O
and	O
soldiers	O
of	O
faith	O
and	O
people	O
of	O
Muhammad	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
may	O
he	O
have	O
God	O
's	O
blessing	O
and	O
peace	O
-RRB-	O
:	O


Rejoice	O
and	O
be	O
hopeful	O
.	O


God	O
will	O
really	O
not	O
forsake	O
those	O
who	O
support	O
His	O
religion	O
.	O


Your	O
sale	O
will	O
be	O
profitable	O
,	O
as	O
will	O
be	O
that	O
of	O
Muhammad	B-PERSON
,	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Bakr	I-PERSON
,	O
Umar	B-PERSON
,	O
Uthman	B-PERSON
,	O
Ali	B-PERSON
,	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Qaqa	I-PERSON
,	O
Zahra	B-PERSON
ibn	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Huwayah	I-PERSON
,	O
Ibn	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Mubarak	I-PERSON
,	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Darimi	I-PERSON
,	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Nisa'i	I-PERSON
,	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Yala	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
forefront	O
.	O


Sons	O
of	O
Tamim	B-NORP
,	O
the	O
cry	O
of	O
glory	O
will	O
always	O
resound	O
,	O
striking	O
terror	O
in	O
the	O
adherents	O
of	O
Mazdaism	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
sons	O
of	O
whores	O
and	O
group	O
pleasures	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
Great	O
!	O


God	O
is	O
Great	O
!	O


And	O
I	O
am	O
the	O
brother	O
of	O
Daaaaarim	O
.	O


After	O
me	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
people	O
with	O
the	O
nickname	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Rafida	I-PERSON
who	O
reject	O
Islam	B-ORG
and	O
reject	O
it	O
.	O


Their	O
mark	O
is	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
Friday	B-DATE
prayer	O
and	O
no	O
congregational	O
prayer	O
.	O


Let	O
whoever	O
encounters	O
them	O
fight	O
them	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
polytheists	O
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Tarid	I-PERSON


They	O
deserve	O
this	O
...	O


For	O
your	O
information	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
large	O
portion	O
of	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-GPE
...	O
and	O
an	O
area	O
named	O
after	O
them	O
...	O
which	O
is	O
Hawtat	B-GPE
Bani	I-GPE
Tamim	I-GPE
..	O


Among	O
them	O
are	O
venerable	O
sheikhs	O
such	O
as	O
Muhammad	B-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Abd	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Wahhab	I-PERSON
and	O
Ibn	B-PERSON
Uthaymin	I-PERSON


shary	O
.	O


maserdy@hotmail.com	O


Hey	O
,	O
folks	O
in	O
Al	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Qasim	I-GPE
,	O
is	O
the	O
news	O
I	O
heard	O
true	O
?	O


Honestly	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
it	O
.	O


Nasri	B-PERSON


I	O
was	O
talking	O
to	O
a	O
young	O
man	O
from	O
al	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Qasim	I-GPE
this	O
afternoon	O
on	O
the	O
Messenger	B-PRODUCT
,	O


and	O
he	O
gave	O
me	O
this	O
news	O
that	O
hit	O
me	O
like	O
a	O
bolt	O
of	O
lightening	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
:	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
women	O
's	O
coffee	O
shop	O
in	O
Barida	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
he	O
gave	O
me	O
its	O
name	O
-	O
"	O
Jothun	B-FAC
"	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
,	O
folks	O
?	O


A	O
women	O
's	O
coffee	O
shop	O
,	O
and	O
where	O
!	O
In	O
Barida	B-GPE
!	O


Anyways	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
sat	O
down	O
in	O
the	O
evening	O
to	O
read	O
a	O
book	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
.	O


"	O
A	O
women	O
's	O
coffee	O
shop	O
in	O
Barida	B-GPE
"	O
just	O
locked	O
into	O
my	O
mind	O
.	O


as	O
if	O
I	O
could	O
feel	O
the	O
sights	O
of	O
the	O
Barida	B-NORP
people	O
on	O
that	O
coffee	O
shop	O
-LRB-	O
with	O
a	O
disco	O
-RRB-	O
I	O
sat	O
imagining	O
that	O
coffee	O
shop	O
.	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
you	O
think	O
of	O
that	O
coffee	O
shop	O
,	O
the	O
modern	O
means	O
of	O
doing	O
something	O
sinful	O
comes	O
to	O
your	O
mind	O
-LRB-	O
text	O
messages	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
sealed	O
with	O
the	O
words	O
-LRB-	O
sin	O
and	O
spread	O
it	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


I	O
sat	O
imagining	O
that	O
coffee	O
shop	O
in	O
its	O
place	O


I	O
imagined	O
the	O
organization	O
surrounding	O
it	O
,	O


I	O
imagined	O
the	O
bearded	O
ones	O
speaking	O
about	O
women	O
who	O
came	O
to	O
sip	O
cappuccinos	O
,	O


Drinking	O
that	O
coffee	O
is	O
forbidden	O
by	O
its	O
very	O
name	O
,	O
as	O
everything	O
that	O
is	O
unknown	O
is	O
forbidden	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
not	O
find	O
"	O
mocca	O
"	O
you	O
will	O
find	O
the	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Rasini	I-ORG
blend	O
.	O


By	O
God	O
,	O
please	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
male	O
reciter	O
of	O
the	O
Koran	B-WORK_OF_ART
who	O
blends	O
coffee	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
a	O
male	O
coffee	O
blend	O
.	O


What	O
will	O
they	O
offer	O
there	O
?	O


Will	O
it	O
be	O
the	O
Qasimi	B-NORP
kalija	O
fresh	O
from	O
the	O
bakery	O
to	O
the	O
table	O
?	O


Will	O
fatit	O
take	O
the	O
place	O
of	O
gateau	O
and	O
tiramisu	O
?	O


We	O
will	O
not	O
find	O
croissants	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
same	O
letter	O
-LRB-	O
"	O
carath	O
"	O
-LSB-	O
=	O
leek	O
-RSB-	O
and	O
hot	O
bread	O
-RRB-	O
,	O


Will	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
be-socked	O
and	O
be-gloved	O
ladies	O
storm	O
that	O
place	O
to	O
report	O
back	O
to	O
their	O
husbands	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
there	O
?	O


Will	O
they	O
volunteer	O
to	O
spread	O
revivalist	O
consciousness	O
among	O
the	O
women	O
-LRB-	O
take	O
your	O
copy	O
-RRB-	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
a	O
bag	O
containing	O
books	O
of	O
horror	O
stories	O
+	O
gloves	O
+	O
socks	O
+	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Virtues	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Staying	I-WORK_OF_ART
Home	I-WORK_OF_ART
tape	I-WORK_OF_ART
or	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
tape	I-WORK_OF_ART
on	I-WORK_OF_ART
Forbidden	I-WORK_OF_ART
Acts	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Shopping	I-WORK_OF_ART
Malls	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O


And	O
so	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
smell	O
the	O
scent	O
of	O
perfume	O
there	O
,	O
perhaps	O
the	O
fragrance	O
of	O
agarwood	O
and	O
frankincense	O
,	O
and	O
maybe	O
henna	O
,	O
the	O
make	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
the	O
women	O
from	O
the	O
revivalist	O
movement	O


and	O
given	O
the	O
hallucinations	O
of	O
the	O
revivalist	O
women	O
about	O
the	O
Evil	O
Eye	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
objection	O
to	O
a	O
young	O
girl	O
doing	O
the	O
rounds	O
with	O
a	O
cup	O
into	O
which	O
all	O
present	O
will	O
spit	O
because	O
a	O
girl	O
who	O
visited	O
the	O
place	O
yesterday	O
evening	O
had	O
developed	O
a	O
headache	O
and	O
minds	O
veered	O
towards	O
the	O
illness	O
of	O
the	O
revivalist	O
women	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
Evil	O
Eye	O
-RRB-	O


Aaaaahhh	O
,	O
how	O
I	O
wish	O
to	O
be	O
standing	O
now	O
in	O
that	O
place	O


If	O
you	O
were	O
saved	O
from	O
the	O
lion	O
do	O
n't	O
start	O
wishing	O
to	O
hunt	O
it	O
Mona	O
Lisa	O


Praise	O
be	O
to	O
God	O


..	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
deed	O
from	O
amongst	O
my	O
good	O
deeds	O
on	O
the	O
forum	O
,	O
that	O
I	O
made	O
such	O
creatures	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
here	O
and	O
shut	O
the	O
door	O
behind	O
them	O


do	O
not	O
forget	O
this	O
service	O
of	O
mine	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
afraid	O


I	O
have	O
forgiven	O
you	O
with	O
a	O
penalty	O
clause	O


Thanks	O


Do	O
not	O
stare	O
at	O
the	O
sun	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
its	O
secrets	O
,	O
you	O
might	O
become	O
blind	O


Invulnerable	B-PERSON


It	O
seems	O
my	O
transmitted	O
reply	O
angered	O
you	O
more	O
,	O
Nasri	B-PERSON
,	O
because	O
I	O
can	O
see	O
you	O
..	O
have	O
responded	O
twice	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
whether	O
out	O
of	O
hallucinating	O
or	O
the	O
foolish	O
talk	O
from	O
Saturday	B-DATE
and	O
Sunday	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
blame	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
poster	O
and	O
it	O
might	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
female	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
not	O
a	O
male	O
.	O


Anyways	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
bother	O
me	O
whether	O
you	O
get	O
your	O
head	O
angry	O
or	O
content	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
nearer	O
to	O
it	O
all	O
.	O


I	O
liked	O
the	O
reply	O
of	O
No.	B-PERSON
69	I-PERSON
,	O
I	O
asked	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
eighties	O
and	O
especially	O
as	O
the	O
question	O
was	O
about	O
you	O
moving	O
from	O
one	B-CARDINAL
predicament	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
one	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
answer	O
from	O
you	O
,	O
Cafe	B-FAC
Al	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Rasini	I-FAC


Women	O
are	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
kinds	O
:	O
one	B-CARDINAL
who	O
makes	O
a	O
home	O
for	O
the	O
man	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
that	O
makes	O
a	O
man	O
for	O
the	O
home	O
,	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
is	O
greater	O
.	O


hawawy100@hotmail.com	O


Nasri	B-PERSON


My	O
brother	O
Salaam	B-PERSON
88	I-PERSON
:	O
Thank	O
you	O
for	O
the	O
present	O
,	O


Your	O
present	O
has	O
been	O
accepted	O
.	O


My	O
brother	O
The	B-PERSON
Freedom	I-PERSON
:	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
understand	O
what	O
you	O
mean	O
?	O


My	O
brother	O
Abdullah	B-PERSON
:	O
Thank	O
you	O
for	O
gentle	O
response	O
.	O


My	O
brother	O
Numas	B-PERSON
My	O
great	O
respects	O
for	O
the	O
al	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Qasim	I-NORP
people	O
!	O


But	O
constructive	O
criticism	O
even	O
if	O
satirical	O
does	O
not	O
offend	O
.	O


Do	O
not	O
be	O
sensitive	O
to	O
this	O
degree	O
!	O


If	O
you	O
were	O
saved	O
from	O
the	O
lion	O
do	O
n't	O
start	O
wishing	O
to	O
hunt	O
it	O


Mim	B-PERSON


Nasri	B-PERSON
A	O
simple	O
question	O
I	O
swear	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
mean	O
anything	O
...	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
joking	O
Are	O
you	O
a	B-NORP
Sunni	I-NORP
Moslem	I-NORP
??	O


-LRB-	O
If	O
you	O
wish	O
to	O
answer	O
me	O
to	O
my	O
private	O
email	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
do	O
so	O
-RRB-	O


--------------	O


Abu	B-PERSON
Mohammed	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


Ready	B-PERSON
For	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Forum	I-PERSON


A	O
word	O
to	O
the	O
moderators	O
...	O
Do	O
n't	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
this	O
country	O
,	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
badmouthed	O
by	O
this	O
deviant	O
,	O
deserve	O
respect	O
from	O
you	O
?	O


Do	O
n't	O
the	O
members	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
it	O
deserve	O
respect	O
from	O
you	O
?	O


Are	O
n't	O
the	O
Islamic	B-NORP
principles	O
and	O
religious	O
precepts	O
which	O
this	O
relapsed	O
person	O
has	O
made	O
fun	O
of	O
value	O
to	O
you	O
?	O


Moderators	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
disciplined	O
,	O
limited	O
and	O
deleted	O
postings	O
lighter	O
than	O
these	O
...	O


This	O
member	O
provokes	O
the	O
members	O
,	O
posters	O
and	O
readers	O
with	O
his	O
postings	O
and	O
replies	O
,	O
and	O
defames	O
this	O
forum	O
at	O
other	O
forums	O
..	O


This	O
sick	O
person	O
has	O
exploited	O
the	O
free	O
space	O
made	O
available	O
to	O
him	O
to	O
abuse	O
religion	O
,	O
principles	O
and	O
members	O
.	O


For	O
this	O
reason	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
negative	O
freedom	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
work	O
with	O
this	O
sick	O
person	O
.	O


Freedom	O
is	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
research	O
,	O
debates	O
and	O
proposes	O
serious	O
matters	O
about	O
which	O
he	O
exchanges	O
opinion	O
and	O
thoughts	O
with	O
others	O
in	O
respectful	O
way	O
.	O


But	O
to	O
badmouth	O
a	O
broad	O
cross	O
-	O
section	O
of	O
the	O
community	O
and	O
make	O
fun	O
of	O
those	O
posting	O
under	O
the	O
pretext	O
of	O
"	O
satirical	O
criticism	O
"	O
,	O
is	O
acceptable	O
neither	O
to	O
yourselves	O
nor	O
to	O
your	O
nations	O
..	O


God	O
knows	O
what	O
the	O
intentions	O
are	O
.	O


ageel-al9labah@hotmail.com..@z@aabalsaah	O


Ready	B-PERSON
for	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Forum	I-PERSON


Brother	O
Mim	B-PERSON
..	O
This	O
sick	O
person	O
is	O
looking	O
for	O
notoriety	O


He	O
presents	O
the	O
liberals	O
'	O
annoying	O
and	O
distressing	O
subjects	O
,	O
then	O
searches	O
in	O
Google	B-PRODUCT
to	O
see	O
who	O
copied	O
a	O
subject	O
and	O
who	O
spoke	O
about	O
it	O
...	O


The	O
most	O
important	O
thing	O
for	O
him	O
is	O
to	O
become	O
famous	O
...	O
even	O
at	O
the	O
expense	O
of	O
his	O
honor	O
,	O
if	O
he	O
has	O
any	O


..	O
otherwise	O
,	O
what	O
normal	O
,	O
reasonable	O
person	O
gets	O
abused	O
and	O
insulted	O
in	O
a	O
forum	O
,	O
then	O
directs	O
others	O
to	O
that	O
forum	O
,	O
and	O
links	O
to	O
where	O
he	O
was	O
insulted	O
to	O
prove	O
his	O
notoriety	O
!!	O


I	O
hope	O
the	O
moderators	O
will	O
take	O
serious	O
action	O
against	O
this	O
sick	O
person	O
..	O


Because	O
normal	O
people	O
have	O
been	O
stopped	O
...	O


and	O
what	O
about	O
this	O
mental	O
?	O


ageel-al9labah@hotmail.com..@z@aabal-Saah	O


Mim	B-PERSON


Brother	O
Ready	B-PERSON
for	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Forum	I-PERSON
Thank	O
you	O
for	O
the	O
brief	O
introduction	O
to	O
Nasri	B-PERSON


But	O
I	O
still	O
insist	O
on	O
hearing	O
the	O
answer	O
from	O
him	O
directly	O
,	O
my	O
question	O
is	O
still	O
open	O
.	O


I	O
repeat	O
and	O
I	O
say	O
it	O
again	O
...	O
If	O
you	O
want	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
private	O
mail	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
no	O
objection	O
.	O


Only	O
God	O
brings	O
success	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
else	O
.	O


Nasri	B-PERSON


Our	O
sister	O
Hissa	B-PERSON
Machiavelli	I-PERSON
It	O
seems	O
that	O
your	O
aspirations	O
are	O
in	O
conflict	O
with	O
your	O
desires	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
part	O
of	O
your	O
handle	O
cancels	O
its	O
last	O
out	O
.	O


The	O
disadvantaged	O
wishes	O
and	O
the	O
strong	O
acts	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
have	O
disadvantaged	O
yourself	O
to	O
satisfy	O
others	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
your	O
contradictory	O
handle	O
has	O
enabled	O
me	O
to	O
invent	O
myself	O
a	O
contradictory	O
handle	O
and	O
call	O
it	O
The	B-PERSON
Unfaithful	I-PERSON
Divorcee	I-PERSON
.	O


It	O
is	O
shameful	O
to	O
decide	O
that	O
our	O
desires	O
are	O
the	O
correct	O
act	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
the	O
ideal	O
for	O
life	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
this	O
is	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
concealed	O
pride	O
,	O
but	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
judge	O
the	O
acts	O
of	O
others	O
as	O
sick	O
and	O
yours	O
as	O
perfect	O
?	O


The	O
same	O
rationale	O
that	O
allows	O
you	O
to	O
judge	O
the	O
acts	O
of	O
others	O
has	O
allowed	O
us	O
to	O
judge	O
you	O
!!	O


My	O
brother	O
Misu	B-PERSON
It	O
seems	O
that	O
your	O
insults	O
are	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
kinds	O
:	O
one	B-CARDINAL
encoded	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
decoded	O
.	O


If	O
only	O
you	O
would	O
encode	O
all	O
your	O
replies	O
!	O


If	O
you	O
were	O
saved	O
from	O
the	O
lion	O
do	O
n't	O
start	O
wishing	O
to	O
hunt	O
it	O


After	O
Forcing	O
Her	O
to	O
Get	O
Divorced	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Woman	O
Prefers	O
Prison	O
to	O
Returning	O
to	O
Her	O
Family	O


Sarah	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hamad	I-PERSON


The	O
divorce	O
case	O
for	O
inequality	O
in	O
lineage	O
took	O
a	O
new	O
turn	O
,	O
yesterday	O
morning	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
wife	O
refused	O
to	O
be	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
her	O
relatives	O
in	O
the	O
police	O
station	O
of	O
the	O
governorate	O
of	O
al	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Khobar	I-GPE
,	O
especially	O
since	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
public	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
following	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
was	O
expecting	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
end	O
after	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
considered	O
the	O
highest	O
judicial	O
authority	O
in	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
,	O
reached	O
a	O
verdict	O
confirming	O
the	O
separation	O
of	O
the	O
couple	O
.	O


Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Watan	I-ORG
has	O
learned	O
from	O
security	O
sources	O
that	O
the	O
police	O
of	O
the	O
governorate	O
of	O
al	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Khobar	I-GPE
submitted	O
an	O
official	O
request	O
to	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
the	O
prison	O
at	O
al	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Dammam	I-GPE
to	O
bring	O
the	O
inmate	O
Fatima	B-PERSON
on	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
verdict	O
issued	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
demand	O
of	O
members	O
of	O
her	O
family	O
to	O
hand	O
her	O
over	O
to	O
them	O
as	O
her	O
sole	O
means	O
of	O
support	O
.	O


The	O
sources	O
added	O
that	O
when	O
the	O
wife	O
entered	O
the	O
police	O
station	O
of	O
the	O
governorate	O
of	O
al	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Khobar	I-GPE
accompanied	O
by	O
some	O
female	O
prison	O
guards	O
and	O
security	O
men	O
she	O
was	O
received	O
by	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
members	O
of	O
her	O
family	O
and	O
her	O
mother	O
with	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
receiving	O
her	O
.	O


The	O
surprise	O
was	O
the	O
refusal	O
of	O
Fatima	B-PERSON
to	O
go	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


In	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
endeavors	O
that	O
lasted	O
for	O
several	O
hours	O
,	O
her	O
brothers	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
convince	O
her	O
to	O
go	O
with	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
house	O
of	O
the	O
family	O
in	O
the	O
governorate	O
of	O
al	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Khobar	I-GPE
.	O


Officials	O
in	O
the	O
police	O
station	O
of	O
al	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Khobar	I-GPE
were	O
embarrassed	O
by	O
the	O
situation	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
wife	O
's	O
insistence	O
not	O
to	O
go	O
with	O
her	O
relatives	O
..	O
While	O
the	O
law	O
stipulates	O
that	O
the	O
wife	O
be	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


So	O
the	O
officials	O
just	O
returned	O
her	O
to	O
the	O
al	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Dammam	I-NORP
prison	O
to	O
end	O
the	O
issue	O
,	O
and	O
try	O
to	O
convince	O
her	O
in	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Source	O
http://www.alwatan.com.sa/daily/2007-01-31/first_page/first_page01.htm	O
.	O


sarialhamad@yahoo.com	O


Sari	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hamad	I-PERSON


You	O
can	O
not	O
light	O
a	O
fire	O
with	O
a	O
wet	O
match	O


Sari2001	B-PERSON


Allah	O
suffices	O
me	O
and	O
He	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
helper	O
.	O


A	O
word	O
of	O
truth	O
not	O
meant	O
to	O
be	O
false	O
.	O


mannofy@hotmail.com	O


NetExpert	O


Previously	O
an	O
article	O
about	O
the	O
conduct	O
of	O
the	O
husband	O
was	O
published	O
in	O
this	O
forum	O
.	O


The	O
posting	O
of	O
the	O
article	O
revealed	O
other	O
aspects	O
.	O


He	O
published	O
copies	O
of	O
legal	O
documents	O
because	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
use	O
them	O
to	O
prove	O
that	O
the	O
issue	O
was	O
not	O
based	O
on	O
inequality	O
in	O
lineage	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
related	O
to	O
behavioral	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
man	O
,	O


foremost	O
among	O
them	O
is	O
desertion	O
and	O
abandonment	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


Now	O
the	O
newspapers	O
,	O
which	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
trust	O
,	O
still	O
declare	O
that	O
inequality	O
in	O
lineage	O
is	O
the	O
reason	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
talk	O
is	O
circulating	O
among	O
people	O
about	O
this	O
issue	O
,	O
because	O
accepting	O
the	O
notion	O
of	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
separating	O
a	O
wife	O
from	O
her	O
husband	O
by	O
a	O
decision	O
outside	O
the	O
relationship	O
-LRB-	O
or	O
even	O
inside	O
it	O
-RRB-	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
disparity	O
in	O
the	O
relative	O
streams	O
is	O
a	O
matter	O
that	O
robs	O
the	O
society	O
of	O
sleep	O
and	O
causes	O
an	O
exploding	O
moral	O
and	O
social	O
crisis	O
which	O
will	O
have	O
no	O
end	O
.	O


If	O
what	O
was	O
previously	O
published	O
in	O
the	O
forum	O
is	O
true	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
man	O
was	O
separated	O
from	O
her	O
for	O
other	O
reasons	O
,	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
reassuring	O
.	O


ِAnyway	O
,	O
transforming	O
tradition	O
and	O
calling	O
ignorance	O
a	O
legitimate	O
basis	O
for	O
a	O
verdict	O
in	O
a	O
certain	O
case	O
is	O
a	O
matter	O
which	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
accepted	O
,	O
believed	O
,	O
or	O
trusted	O
to	O
be	O
connected	O
with	O
Sharia	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Sharia	B-WORK_OF_ART
is	O
unequivocal	O
and	O
straightforward	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
was	O
forced	O
to	O
accept	O
and	O
consent	O
to	O
any	O
marriage	O
.	O


The	O
glorious	O
legislator	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
placed	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
matrimony	O
in	O
the	O
hand	O
of	O
the	O
guardian	O
and	O
put	O
conditions	O
on	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
facilitate	O
a	O
legitimate	O
alternative	O
for	O
him	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
his	O
absence	O
,	O
unless	O
the	O
decision	O
was	O
final	O
.	O


Then	O
would	O
someone	O
come	O
afterwards	O
to	O
annul	O
this	O
and	O
lean	O
on	O
the	O
-LRB-	O
Revelation	B-WORK_OF_ART
-RRB-	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
thing	O
???	O


As	O
I	O
said	O
:	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
true	O
that	O
equality	O
in	O
lineage	O
was	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
the	O
separation	O
then	O
may	O
he	O
perish	O
,	O
may	O
he	O
perish	O
,	O
may	O
he	O
perish	O
!	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
first	B-ORDINAL
and	O
last	B-ORDINAL
point	O
of	O
view	O
...	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ahnaf	I-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Malik	I-PERSON


There	O
is	O
no	O
doubt	O
that	O
Abd	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Rahman	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Lahim	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
entourage	O
of	O
pretenders	O
of	O
liberalism	O
are	O
dancing	O
with	O
joy	O
at	O
the	O
judge	O
's	O
verdict	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
be	O
eager	O
to	O
exploit	O
these	O
former	O
couples	O
to	O
bid	O
on	O
justice	O
in	O
our	O
country	O
and	O
on	O
our	O
country	O
in	O
western	O
organizations	O
,	O
so	O
political	O
pressure	O
will	O
increase	O
on	O
us	O
to	O
incapacitate	O
the	O
legitimate	O
judiciary	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
with	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Lahim	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
pretenders	O
of	O
liberalism	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
judge	O
our	O
Islamic	B-NORP
values	O
by	O
western	O
standards	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
we	O
found	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Lahim	I-PERSON
impertinently	O
declaring	O
to	O
the	O
newspaper	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Hayat	I-ORG
that	O
this	O
verdict	O
contradicts	O
the	O
articles	O
which	O
the	O
kingdom	B-GPE
signed	O
in	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
memorandum	I-WORK_OF_ART
on	I-WORK_OF_ART
human	I-WORK_OF_ART
rights	I-WORK_OF_ART
...	O


In	O
the	O
countries	O
of	O
the	O
west	O
,	O
any	O
man	O
is	O
taken	O
to	O
prison	O
when	O
he	O
marries	O
another	O
woman	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
his	O
wife	O
or	O
when	O
he	O
marries	O
a	O
woman	O
less	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
18	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
.	O


Any	O
father	O
is	O
prevented	O
from	O
interfering	O
in	O
the	O
affairs	O
of	O
his	O
daughter	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
his	O
daughter	O
works	O
as	O
a	O
prostitute	O
,	O
after	O
she	O
is	O
18	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
age	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	O
countries	O
of	O
the	O
west	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
granted	O
citizenship	O
until	O
you	O
promise	O
to	O
respect	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
gay	O
men	O
and	O
lesbians	O
.	O


You	O
are	O
even	O
given	O
a	O
written	O
exam	O
on	O
your	O
attitude	O
towards	O
them	O
...	O
and	O
much	O
more	O
than	O
that	O
.	O


The	O
pretenders	O
of	O
liberalism	O
want	O
to	O
exploit	O
our	O
country	O
's	O
signature	O
on	O
some	O
human	O
rights	O
treaties	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
force	O
our	O
society	O
to	O
accept	O
values	O
and	O
habits	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
recognize	O
.	O


The	O
case	O
of	O
this	O
couple	O
was	O
exploited	O
by	O
our	O
press	O
which	O
is	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
pretenders	O
of	O
liberalism	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
outbid	O
on	O
our	O
judiciary	O
and	O
tarnish	O
its	O
image	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
here	O
and	O
abroad	O
.	O


The	O
judge	O
who	O
tried	O
this	O
case	O
was	O
frank	O
when	O
he	O
based	O
his	O
verdict	O
on	O
the	O
benefit	O
and	O
harm	O
resulting	O
from	O
the	O
continuance	O
of	O
this	O
marriage	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
doubt	O
that	O
many	O
sympathize	O
with	O
this	O
woman	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
are	O
other	O
girls	O
in	O
her	O
tribe	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
married	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
our	O
duty	O
to	O
sympathize	O
with	O
their	O
tragedy	O
when	O
suitors	O
shun	O
them	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
pretenders	O
of	O
liberalism	O
who	O
undertook	O
the	O
defense	O
of	O
this	O
couple	O
have	O
one	B-CARDINAL
atom	O
of	O
credibility	O
,	O
they	O
would	O
have	O
exposed	O
to	O
us	O
the	O
other	O
face	O
of	O
this	O
lying	O
and	O
deceitful	O
husband	O
who	O
was	O
exposed	O
by	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
wife	O
.	O


But	O
as	O
usual	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
credibility	O
.	O


Rather	O
it	O
is	O
incredibility	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
margin	O
of	O
freedom	O
available	O
to	O
them	O
to	O
criticize	O
our	O
religion	O
,	O
our	O
values	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
scholars	O
is	O
very	O
wide	O
.	O


Considering	O
benefits	O
and	O
harms	O
is	O
applied	O
by	O
many	O
countries	O
in	O
their	O
positive	O
judiciary	O
.	O


But	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
columnists	O
and	O
the	O
allies	O
of	O
foreign	O
embassies	O
who	O
get	O
paid	O
in	O
dollars	O
by	O
western	O
organizations	O
have	O
an	O
agenda	O
and	O
jobs	O
they	O
must	O
do	O
.	O


Shaja	B-PERSON


Separation	O
of	O
the	O
couple	O
for	O
inequality	O
in	O
lineage	O
.	O


Saudi	B-NORP
public	O
opinion	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
occupied	O
lately	O
by	O
a	O
social	O
case	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
by	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
separation	O
of	O
a	O
couple	O
for	O
inequality	O
in	O
lineage	O
after	O
they	O
had	O
two	B-CARDINAL
children	O
and	O
desired	O
to	O
continue	O
their	O
conjugal	O
life	O
.	O


Days	B-DATE
ago	I-DATE
the	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Appeals	I-ORG
in	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
confirmed	O
the	O
verdict	O
issued	O
by	O
the	O
court	O
of	O
al	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Jawf	I-GPE
for	O
the	O
couple	O
to	O
separate	O
..	O


According	O
to	O
the	O
defense	O
attorney	O
,	O
Abd	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Rahman	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Lahim	I-PERSON
,	O
this	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
case	O
is	O
closed	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
the	O
judicial	O
aspect	O
is	O
concerned	O
unless	O
new	O
and	O
productive	O
facts	O
come	O
into	O
existence	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
here	O
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
judicial	O
verdict	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
proceed	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
different	O
viewpoint	O
of	O
the	O
defense	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
total	O
respect	O
for	O
and	O
confidence	O
in	O
the	O
verdicts	O
of	O
the	O
judiciary	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
I	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
this	O
issue	O
has	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
educating	O
people	O
about	O
equality	O
of	O
lineage	O
in	O
marriage	O
before	O
one	O
finds	O
oneself	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
fate	O
as	O
that	O
of	O
Fatima	B-PERSON
and	O
Mansour	B-PERSON
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
large	O
portion	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
get	O
married	O
without	O
keeping	O
in	O
mind	O
-	O
out	O
of	O
ignorance	O
-	O
this	O
issue	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
threaten	O
their	O
family	O
life	O
at	O
any	O
moment	O
when	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
wife	O
's	O
family	O
objects	O
to	O
the	O
lineage	O
of	O
the	O
husband	O
.	O


I	O
declare	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
attended	O
many	O
marriage	O
ceremonies	O
during	O
my	O
lifetime	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
remember	O
even	O
one	B-CARDINAL
marriage	O
official	O
who	O
brought	O
up	O
this	O
issue	O
by	O
asking	O
the	O
groom	O
about	O
his	O
lineage	O
before	O
finalizing	O
the	O
contract	O
.	O


He	O
ought	O
to	O
have	O
done	O
so	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
this	O
issue	O
has	O
such	O
a	O
level	O
of	O
consideration	O
.	O


It	O
can	O
threaten	O
the	O
family	O
life	O
of	O
the	O
bride	O
and	O
groom	O
at	O
any	O
future	O
moment	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
educational	O
and	O
religious	O
institutions	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
are	O
obliged	O
socially	O
to	O
educate	O
the	O
society	O
in	O
a	O
more	O
profound	O
way	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
stronger	O
evidence	O
of	O
the	O
ignorance	O
by	O
a	O
large	O
sector	O
of	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
separation	O
because	O
of	O
inequality	O
in	O
lineage	O
than	O
the	O
social	O
debate	O
stirred	O
up	O
by	O
this	O
issue	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
the	O
common	O
people	O
but	O
extended	O
to	O
writers	O
,	O
cultured	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
lawyers	O
,	O
foremost	O
among	O
them	O
the	O
defense	O
lawyer	O
who	O
issued	O
a	O
statement	O
after	O
the	O
verdict	O
was	O
issued	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Appeals	I-ORG
expressing	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
continue	O
to	O
stick	O
to	O
his	O
position	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
verdict	O
that	O
was	O
issued	O
.	O


Maybe	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
duty	O
of	O
our	O
media	O
institutions	O
which	O
presented	O
this	O
case	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
opinion	O
by	O
following	O
the	O
verdict	O
issued	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Appeals	I-ORG
with	O
intensive	O
interviews	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
jurists	O
and	O
scholars	O
concerning	O
this	O
and	O
other	O
issues	O
.	O


This	O
case	O
revealed	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
things	O
that	O
we	O
lack	O
knowledge	O
about	O
as	O
a	O
society	O
before	O
we	O
plunge	O
into	O
the	O
debate	O
of	O
issues	O
with	O
others	O
.	O


Muhammad	B-PERSON
Sadiq	I-PERSON
Diyab	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


God	O
...	O
my	O
boat	O
is	O
small	O
...	O
and	O
the	O
sea	O
is	O
vast	O
.	O


Ihsas2	B-PERSON


/	O


Your	O
evenings	O
can	O
be	O
meetings	O
...	O
for	O
easy	O
aims	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
attained	O


/	O


Fatima	B-PERSON
's	O
recent	O
decision	O
..	O
a	O
normal	O
reaction	O
resulting	O
from	O
the	O
wrong	O
contact	O
..	O
between	O
two	B-CARDINAL
contradictory	O
currents	O
..	O
from	O
which	O
she	O
tasted	O
bitterness	O
!	O


God	O
willing	O
,	O
she	O
will	O
live	O
her	O
life	O
..	O
peacefully	O
in	O
a	O
sound	O
framework	O
after	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
this	O
stage	O
..	O


However	O
informed	O
the	O
passerby	O
may	O
be	O
and	O
whatever	O
his	O
knowledge	O
..	O
the	O
secrets	O
remain	O
hidden	O
..	O
in	O
drawers	O
in	O
a	O
container	O
..	O
and	O
in	O
consequence	O
of	O
this	O
..	O
Opinions	O
will	O
be	O
read	O
with	O
visions	O
of	O
unequal	O
dimensions	O
..	O


/	O


My	O
prayers	O
for	O
Fatima	B-PERSON
and	O
for	O
everyone	O
compelled	O
..	O
for	O
quick	O
relief	O
..	O
from	O
a	O
god	O
who	O
is	O
with	O
us	O
and	O
our	O
intentions	O
and	O
our	O
deeds	O
..	O


he	O
knows	O
best	O
/	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
wisest	O
/	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
merciful	O
.	O


/	O


Your	O
sister	O
/	O
Wad	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Abdullah	I-PERSON


/	O


Sarah	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hamad	I-PERSON


Brother	O
NetExpert	B-PERSON


Assuming	O
that	O
the	O
couple	O
's	O
order	O
of	O
separation	O
is	O
traced	O
to	O
what	O
are	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
behavioral	O
aspects	O
"	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
desertion	O
of	O
the	O
husband	O
and	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
conditional	O
divorce	O
,	O
what	O
should	O
the	O
wife	O
do	O
,	O
I	O
wonder	O
.	O


Hold	O
on	O
to	O
her	O
husband	O
and	O
prefer	O
prison	O
to	O
going	O
with	O
her	O
mother	O
and	O
siblings	O
?	O


Then	O
...	O
is	O
the	O
court	O
entitled	O
to	O
interfere	O
between	O
a	O
husband	O
and	O
his	O
wife	O
for	O
flimsy	O
"	O
behavioral	O
"	O
reasons	O
which	O
the	O
wife	O
accepts	O
?	O


It	O
seems	O
that	O
the	O
supposition	O
to	O
which	O
you	O
referred	O
in	O
your	O
participation	O
is	O
illogical	O
.	O


And	O
what	O
is	O
"	O
behind	O
the	O
hill	O
"	O
is	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
"	O
equality	O
in	O
lineage	O
,	O
"	O
nothing	O
else	O
...	O


I	O
do	O
not	O
think	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
Muslim	B-NORP
who	O
accepts	O
the	O
verdict	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Court	I-ORG
because	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
racist	O
verdict	O
and	O
blatant	O
interference	O
between	O
a	O
husband	O
and	O
his	O
wife	O
for	O
trivial	O
reasons	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
really	O
shameful	O
that	O
the	O
judiciary	O
system	O
in	O
our	O
country	O
works	O
to	O
entrench	O
racism	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
religion	O
.	O


The	O
Islamic	B-NORP
religion	O
is	O
innocent	O
of	O
this	O
ignorance	O
,	O
as	O
we	O
know	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
also	O
shameful	O
that	O
the	O
poor	O
woman	O
is	O
alone	O
in	O
the	O
dark	O
prison	O
instead	O
of	O
with	O
the	O
relevant	O
charity	O
associations	O
extending	O
a	O
helpful	O
and	O
caring	O
hand	O
to	O
her	O
.	O


Since	O
when	O
has	O
prison	O
been	O
a	O
social	O
services	O
center	O
?	O


Then	O
where	O
is	O
the	B-ORG
Saudi	I-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
Society	I-ORG
,	O
considering	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
to	O
this	O
woman	O
?	O


Do	O
n't	O
those	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
the	O
society	O
know	O
that	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
to	O
the	O
-LRB-	O
Muslim	B-NORP
Arab	B-NORP
Saudi	B-NORP
-RRB-	O
woman	O
harms	O
us	O
all	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
mention	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
blatant	O
violation	O
of	O
human	O
rights	O
?	O


sarialhamad@yahoo.com	O


Sari	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hamad	I-PERSON


You	O
can	O
not	O
light	O
a	O
fire	O
with	O
a	O
wet	O
match	O


Ta'abbata	B-PERSON
Shayan	I-PERSON


God	O
suffices	O
for	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
He	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
agent	O
.	O


Mansour	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Taymani	I-PERSON
,	O
according	O
to	O
his	O
former	O
wife	O
Ahlam	B-PERSON
,	O
is	O
a	O
man	O
with	O
drug	O
-	O
related	O
cases	O
against	O
him	O
by	O
the	O
police	O
of	O
al	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Jawf	I-GPE
.	O


And	O
morals	O
cases	O
.	O


The	O
wife	O
appeared	O
on	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Ekhbariyah	I-ORG
channel	O
to	O
expose	O
the	O
man	O
.	O


Why	O
all	O
this	O
sympathy	O
?	O


God	O
suffices	O
for	O
me	O
against	O
you	O
liberals	O
who	O
defamed	O
Fatima	B-PERSON
.	O


A	O
question	O
:	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
Fatima	B-PERSON
was	O
subjected	O
to	O
sorcery	O
by	O
this	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Taymani	I-PERSON
?	O


And	O
say	O
,	O
my	O
Lord	O
,	O
increase	O
my	O
knowledge	O
.	O


tabt_shaa@hotmail.com	O
..	O


Sarah	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hamad	I-PERSON


Mr.	O
Ta'abbata	B-PERSON
Shayan	I-PERSON


The	O
former	O
wife	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
trusted	O
source	O
of	O
information	O
for	O
a	O
very	O
simple	O
reason	O
,	O
namely	O
that	O
she	O
most	O
likely	O
still	O
bears	O
some	O
grudge	O
against	O
her	O
former	O
husband	O
and	O
against	O
the	O
woman	O
who	O
"	O
stole	O
"	O
that	O
husband	O
from	O
her	O
.	O


Really	O
,	O
what	O
would	O
urge	O
this	O
woman	O
to	O
say	O
what	O
she	O
said	O
about	O
her	O
former	O
husband	O
in	O
a	O
program	O
watched	O
by	O
everyone	O
?	O


Does	O
her	O
conduct	O
have	O
any	O
connection	O
with	O
noble	O
morality	O
?	O


The	O
ones	O
who	O
defamed	O
the	O
wife	O
,	O
my	O
dear	O
,	O
are	O
undoubtedly	O
the	O
racist	O
judges	O
and	O
the	O
relatives	O
of	O
the	O
wife	O
.	O


By	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
Ta'abbata	B-PERSON
,	O
can	O
we	O
say	O
-LRB-	O
by	O
analogy	O
with	O
what	O
you	O
mentioned	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
the	O
racist	O
judges	O
and	O
the	O
wife	O
's	O
relatives	O
were	O
exposed	O
to	O
the	O
sorcery	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
wife	O
,	O
Ahlam	B-PERSON
?	O


and	O
why	O
not	O
?!!...	O


Have	O
n't	O
sorcery	O
and	O
liberalism	O
and	O
other	O
amazing	O
concepts	O
become	O
worn	O
out	O
excuses	O
used	O
by	O
some	O
to	O
avoid	O
facing	O
reality	O
frankly	O
and	O
courageously	O
?	O


sarialhamad@yahoo.com	O


Sari	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hamad	I-PERSON


You	O
can	O
not	O
light	O
a	O
fire	O
with	O
a	O
wet	O
match	O


Mujahid	B-PERSON
2005	I-PERSON


Islam	B-ORG
has	O
nothing	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
what	O
they	O
do	O
.	O


Allah	O
suffices	O
for	O
us	O
,	O
and	O
He	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
one	O
to	O
trust	O
.	O


Everything	O
that	O
is	O
completed	O
has	O
shortcomings	O
--	O


mua4000@hotmail.com	O


Ihsas2	B-PERSON


/	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
power	O
or	O
strength	O
except	O
with	O
God	O
..	O


/	O


-LRB-	O
Whoever	O
shields	O
a	O
Muslim	B-NORP
will	O
be	O
shielded	O
by	O
God	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
and	O
the	O
hereafter	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


/	O


Outstanding	O
..	O
Ta'abbata	B-PERSON
Shayan	I-PERSON


Be	O
of	O
assistance	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
of	O
goodness	O
..	O
and	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
virtue	O
..	O
and	O
the	O
warding	O
off	O
of	O
negatives	O
..	O


-LRB-	O
If	O
any	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
matter	O
were	O
in	O
my	O
hand	O
,	O
no	O
eye	O
would	O
have	O
read	O
it	O
...	O
and	O
no	O
passerby	O
would	O
have	O
come	O
across	O
it	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


/	O


May	O
you	O
and	O
the	O
forums	O
remain	O
above	O
..	O
those	O
who	O
follow	O
people	O
's	O
deficiencies	O
and	O
faults	O
.	O


/	O


Your	O
sister	O
/	O
Wad	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Abdullah	I-PERSON
/	O


Bullying	O
,	O
from	O
Cairo	B-GPE
to	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
...	O
facts	O
and	O
observations	O
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
Khareq	I-PERSON
.	O


As	O
an	O
introduction	O
to	O
the	O
topic	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
recount	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
incidents	O
for	O
you	O
:	O


1-	O
In	O
Al	B-LOC
Sewedi	I-LOC
district	O
in	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
city	O
,	O
I	O
stood	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
mosques	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
saw	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
residents	O
in	O
a	O
moment	O
of	O
astonishment	O
while	O
a	O
car	O
was	O
leaving	O
the	O
place	O
at	O
a	O
high	O
speed	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
asked	O
him	O
what	O
had	O
happened	O
,	O
he	O
stated	O
that	O
three	B-CARDINAL
young	O
men	O
had	O
stolen	O
his	O
cell	O
phone	O
and	O
wallet	O
.	O


I	O
left	O
the	O
place	O
to	O
catch	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
get	O
their	O
license	O
plate	O
numbers	O
.	O


They	O
had	O
to	O
stop	O
at	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
traffic	O
signs	O
,	O
which	O
gets	O
crowded	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
notice	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
behind	O
them	O
.	O


I	O
informed	O
Operations	B-ORG
of	O
the	O
incident	O
,	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
me	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
security	O
patrol	O
I	O
had	O
seen	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
traffic	O
sign	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
was	O
shocked	O
when	O
Operations	B-ORG
told	O
me	O
,	O
"	O
Do	O
not	O
bother	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


Go	O
to	O
the	O
police	O
department	O
and	O
report	O
it	O
.	O
"	O


Oh	O
people	O
,	O
the	O
thieves	O
are	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
me	O
;	O
inform	O
the	O
patrols	O
about	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
told	O
me	O
,	O
"	O
It	O
is	O
none	O
of	O
your	O
business	O
.	O
"	O


I	O
told	O
them	O
,	O
"	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
police	O
department	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
their	O
car	O
number	O
;	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
them	O
,	O
chase	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
car	O
might	O
be	O
stolen	O
.	O
"	O


And	O
I	O
hung	O
up	O
out	O
of	O
oppression	O
...	O


2-	O
On	O
the	B-FAC
eastern	I-FAC
ring	I-FAC
road	I-FAC
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
young	O
men	O
in	O
a	O
Lexus	B-ORG
car	O
caught	O
my	O
attention	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
noticeably	O
tense	O
and	O
confused	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
same	O
road	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
search	O
point	O
.	O


I	O
informed	O
Operations	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
I	O
gave	O
them	O
the	O
car	O
number	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
report	O
on	O
the	O
car	O
.	O


I	O
told	O
them	O
,	O
"	O
Inform	O
the	O
search	O
point	O
to	O
check	O
them	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
"	O
You	O
want	O
to	O
teach	O
us	O
our	O
job	O
?	O
"	O


And	O
they	O
hung	O
up	O
.	O


After	O
about	O
an	O
hour	O
,	O
Operations	B-ORG
called	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
Brother	O
,	O
do	O
you	O
know	O
where	O
the	O
car	O
went	O
,	O
right	O
or	O
left	O
?	O


It	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
stolen	O
.	O
"	O


I	O
laughed	O
the	O
laugh	O
of	O
the	O
oppressed	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
said	O
oh	O
,	O
oh	O
,	O
nation	O
.	O


-------------------	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
small	O
part	O
of	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
now	O
in	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
,	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
in	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
particular	O
.	O


It	O
reminds	O
me	O
of	O
what	O
used	O
to	O
happen	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Cairo	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
bullying	O
,	O
depredation	O
,	O
and	O
theft	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
notable	O
that	O
the	O
Egyptians	B-NORP
strongly	O
and	O
very	O
quickly	O
eliminated	O
this	O
practice	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
brothers	O
treated	O
the	O
causes	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
strengthening	O
the	O
security	O
agency	O
and	O
enforcing	O
police	O
members	O
in	O
the	O
districts	O
and	O
street	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
they	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
continuation	O
of	O
such	O
actions	O
affect	O
the	O
reputation	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
in	O
case	O
they	O
continue	O
;	O
they	O
would	O
eliminate	O
trust	O
in	O
the	O
internal	O
security	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
unfortunately	O
,	O
the	O
bullying	O
which	O
was	O
in	O
Cairo	B-GPE
moved	O
to	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
capital	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
recently	O
witnessed	O
robberies	O
,	O
kidnappings	O
,	O
beatings	O
....	O
etc.	O


And	O
we	O
are	O
still	O
only	O
watching	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
now	O
;	O
the	O
citizen	O
still	O
faces	O
many	O
problems	O
and	O
robberies	O
.	O


The	O
thief	O
had	O
some	O
shyness	O
before	O
and	O
fear	O
of	O
the	O
security	O
forces	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
fear	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
not	O
ashamed	O
;	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
steals	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
everyone	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
,	O
even	O
from	O
a	O
policeman	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
happened	O
in	O
fact	O
.	O


The	O
citizen	O
now	O
,	O
these	O
things	O
which	O
happen	O
now	O
have	O
become	O
normal	O
to	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
negligence	O
of	O
security	O
members	O
and	O
their	O
indifference	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
now	O
,	O
their	O
lack	O
of	O
consideration	O
for	O
the	O
complaints	O
of	O
people	O
and	O
their	O
reports	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
insistence	O
of	O
security	O
patrols	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
police	O
departments	O
to	O
report	O
any	O
security	O
violations	O
,	O
though	O
most	O
reports	O
need	O
quick	O
and	O
instant	O
action	O
.	O


And	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
complications	O
happening	O
now	O
,	O
the	O
chaos	O
about	O
which	O
we	O
hear	O
and	O
see	O
has	O
prevailed	O
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
these	O
things	O
were	O
weak	O
in	O
the	O
beginning	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
have	O
grown	O
now	O
and	O
reached	O
the	O
level	O
they	O
reached	O
because	O
of	O
security	O
weakness	O
and	O
indecisiveness	O
toward	O
such	O
issues	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
become	O
a	O
daily	O
reality	O
before	O
our	O
eyes	O
.	O


They	O
happen	O
in	O
our	O
streets	O
,	O
homes	O
,	O
and	O
cars	O
.	O


If	O
these	O
shameful	O
practices	O
which	O
are	O
happening	O
in	O
our	O
country	O
are	O
not	O
treated	O
decisively	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
expect	O
bigger	O
than	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
citizen	O
would	O
be	O
forced	O
to	O
own	O
a	O
weapon	O
to	O
protect	O
himself	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
the	O
security	O
agencies	O
failed	O
to	O
protect	O
him	O
...	O


I	O
am	O
talking	O
here	O
about	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
in	O
my	O
surroundings	O
and	O
the	O
surroundings	O
of	O
those	O
close	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
saw	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
with	O
my	O
own	O
eyes	O
,	O
so	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
of	O
a	O
big	O
city	O
like	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
?	O


You	O
hardly	O
enter	O
a	O
gathering	O
or	O
house	O
without	O
hearing	O
horrible	O
stories	O
and	O
tales	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
fear	O
,	O
the	O
fear	O
,	O
is	O
for	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
to	O
become	O
an	O
example	O
for	O
criminality	O
like	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
city	O
of	O
Chicago	B-GPE
...	O


So	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
your	O
cell	O
phone	O
,	O
wallets	O
,	O
houses	O
,	O
and	O
cars	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
situation	O
has	O
become	O
unbearable	O
.	O


Some	O
time	O
ago	O
,	O
my	O
car	O
was	O
stolen	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
reported	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
officer	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
May	O
God	O
not	O
offend	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
search	O
for	O
it	O
with	O
us	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
funny	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
I	O
found	O
it	O
myself	O
after	O
only	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


..	O


As	O
for	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
in	O
the	O
police	O
departments	O
,	O
we	O
find	O
officers	O
trying	O
to	O
reach	O
reconciliations	O
by	O
all	O
means	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
tire	O
themselves	O
with	O
an	O
investigation	O
.	O


The	O
one	O
who	O
commits	O
assault	O
and	O
the	O
victim	O
are	O
equal	O
to	O
him	O
;	O
if	O
the	O
victim	O
refuses	O
reconciliation	O
,	O
he	O
starts	O
to	O
procrastinate	O
and	O
draw	O
the	O
issue	O
out	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
prosecution	O
panel	O
and	O
the	O
general	O
investigation	O
,	O
they	O
protect	O
the	O
gangs	O
and	O
individual	O
criminals	O
,	O
per	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
release	O
them	O
from	O
jail	O
on	O
bail	O
without	O
spending	O
a	O
night	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
utmost	O
crisis	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
police	O
departments	O
know	O
the	O
locations	O
of	O
criminal	O
gangs	O
.	O


They	O
know	O
where	O
robberies	O
take	O
place	O
,	O
but	O
indifference	O
spreads	O
in	O
their	O
bodies	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
short	O
period	O
,	O
no	B-DATE
more	I-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
,	O
several	B-CARDINAL
of	O
my	O
relatives	O
and	O
friends	O
were	O
robbed	O
.	O


One	O
can	O
measure	O
based	O
on	O
that	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
...	O


1-	O
stealing	O
a	O
cell	O
phone	O
in	O
the	O
Quds	B-LOC
district	O
,	O


2-	O
stealing	O
a	O
cell	O
phone	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
Mecca	I-FAC
Markets	I-FAC
,	O


3-	O
stealing	O
a	O
cell	O
phone	O
in	O
Al	B-LOC
Roda	I-LOC
,	O


4-	O
stealing	O
a	O
cell	O
phone	O
on	O
the	B-FAC
Hijaz	I-FAC
road	I-FAC
,	O


5-	O
robbing	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
our	O
employees	O
in	O
the	O
Markab	B-LOC
district	O
,	O


6-	O
assault	O
on	O
a	O
military	O
officer	O
,	O
in	O
his	O
uniform	O
,	O
and	O
taking	O
his	O
cell	O
phone	O
in	O
the	O
Markab	B-LOC
district	O
,	O


7-	O
robbing	O
the	O
house	O
of	O
laborers	O
we	O
know	O
and	O
assaulting	O
them	O
,	O


8-	O
assaulting	O
a	O
driver	O
and	O
stealing	O
the	O
car	O
,	O


9-	O
assaulting	O
a	O
store	O
owner	O
that	O
I	O
know	O
in	O
Mecca	B-FAC
Market	I-FAC
,	O
and	O
stealing	O
the	O
money	O
he	O
had	O
,	O


10-	O
stealing	O
the	O
tires	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
neighbors	O
,	O


11-	O
robbing	O
his	O
driver	O
's	O
room	O
.	O


The	O
situation	O
has	O
become	O
unbearable	O
...	O


We	O
are	O
pleading	O
for	O
the	B-PERSON
Custodian	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Two	I-PERSON
Holy	I-PERSON
Mosques	I-PERSON
and	O
His	B-PERSON
Highness	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Minister	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Interior	I-PERSON
,	O
God	O
protect	O
them	O
,	O
to	O
quickly	O
intervene	O
,	O
to	O
order	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
security	O
members	O
and	O
security	O
patrols	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
eliminate	O
those	O
practices	O
that	O
give	O
a	O
bad	O
image	O
to	O
our	O
country	O
.	O


ama455@hotmail.com	O


Al	B-PERSON
Wahbi	I-PERSON
Abu	I-PERSON
Weshikar	I-PERSON


The	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Interior	I-ORG
is	O
sick	O
and	O
suffers	O
mismanagement	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
corrupt	O
and	O
uneducated	O
personnel	O
,	O
from	O
top	O
to	O
bottom	O
,	O
in	O
all	O
its	O
sectors	O
.	O


He	O
who	O
has	O
not	O
,	O
gives	O
not	O
.	O


The	O
defect	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
officials	O
in	O
the	O
sectors	O
of	O
the	O
Interior	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
then	O
its	O
failure	O
in	O
all	O
cities	O
and	O
all	O
sectors	O
is	O
the	O
crisis	O
.	O


All	O
sectors	O
suffer	O
from	O
a	O
shortage	O
of	O
equipment	O
and	O
supplies	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
police	O
.	O


Unemployment	O
is	O
widespread	O
in	O
the	O
society	O
.	O


Why	O
do	O
n't	O
they	O
hire	O
those	O
young	O
men	O
to	O
fill	O
the	O
shortage	O
,	O
especially	O
when	O
the	B-PERSON
King	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Ministry	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Interior	I-PERSON
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
the	B-PERSON
Minister	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Interior	I-PERSON
,	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
has	O
been	O
taking	O
on	O
the	O
unemployment	O
issue	O
?	O


Why	O
does	O
n't	O
he	O
hire	O
and	O
fill	O
the	O
shortage	O
in	O
his	O
ministry	O
?	O


And	O
why	O
is	O
n't	O
the	O
ministry	O
financially	O
supported	O
?	O


Imagine	O
,	O
until	O
now	O
,	O
the	O
police	O
still	O
use	O
handwritten	O
correspondence	O
,	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
handwriting	O
of	O
preliminary	O
and	O
primary	O
school	O
graduates	O
by	O
its	O
employees	O
,	O
let	O
alone	O
the	O
low	O
morale	O
of	O
the	O
members	O
,	O
which	O
reflects	O
on	O
their	O
performance	O
.	O


The	O
citizen	O
in	O
my	O
country	O
will	O
remain	O
without	O
value	O
,	O
inside	O
and	O
outside	O
,	O
unless	O
he	O
has	O
a	O
say	O
in	O
the	O
hiring	O
of	O
officials	O
and	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
holding	O
them	O
accountable	O
.	O


Sami	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Jaber	I-PERSON
.	O


If	O
public	O
punishments	O
are	O
not	O
applied	O
,	O
the	O
situation	O
will	O
remain	O
the	O
same	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
rest	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
deterred	O
.	O


-	O
Yes	O
,	O
many	O
are	O
arrested	O
,	O
but	O
where	O
is	O
the	O
punishment	O
?	O


-LRB-	O
He	O
who	O
feels	O
secure	O
from	O
punishment	O
misbehaves	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
Kharek	I-PERSON


This	O
is	O
a	O
case	O
in	O
which	O
execution	O
was	O
applied	O
among	O
several	O
cases	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-GPE
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!	O


Why	O
was	O
execution	O
not	O
applied	O
in	O
similar	O
cases	O
?	O


And	O
why	O
did	O
the	O
judges	O
stop	O
at	O
imprisonment	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
beating	O
for	O
several	O
rape	O
cases	O
in	O
previous	O
incidents	O
?	O


Riyadh	B-GPE
-	O
Saudi	B-ORG
News	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG
:	O


A	O
capital	O
punishment	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
yesterday	O
on	O
a	O
criminal	O
in	O
Barida	B-GPE
city	O
,	O
for	O
committing	O
adultery	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
incidents	O
.	O


The	O
following	O
is	O
the	O
text	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Interior	I-ORG
statement	O
in	O
this	O
regard	O
.	O


God	O
Almighty	O
said	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
The	O
punishment	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
wage	O
war	O
against	O
God	O
and	O
His	B-PERSON
Messenger	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
strive	O
with	O
might	O
and	O
main	O
for	O
mischief	O
through	O
the	O
land	O
is	O
execution	O
,	O
or	O
crucifixion	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
cutting	O
off	O
of	O
hands	O
and	O
feet	O
from	O
opposite	O
sides	O
,	O
or	O
exile	O
from	O
the	O
land	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
their	O
disgrace	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
;	O
a	O
heavy	O
punishment	O
is	O
theirs	O
in	O
the	O
Hereafter	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Ali	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Mohamed	I-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Hilan	I-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Harbi	I-PERSON
lured	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
underage	O
children	O
and	O
raped	O
them	O
by	O
force	O
and	O
against	O
their	O
will	O
.	O


Thanks	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
the	O
security	O
authorities	O
arrested	O
the	O
mentioned	O
criminal	O
.	O


Investigation	O
with	O
him	O
led	O
to	O
accusations	O
against	O
him	O
of	O
the	O
commission	O
of	O
his	O
crime	O
.	O


By	O
referring	O
him	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Public	I-ORG
Tribunal	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
judicial	O
charter	O
was	O
issued	O
convicting	O
him	O
of	O
the	O
act	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
sentenced	O
to	O
be	O
killed	O
as	O
a	O
punishment	O
.	O


The	O
verdict	O
was	O
certified	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Court	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Cassation	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
permanent	O
panel	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Judicial	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
.	O


A	O
supreme	O
order	O
was	O
issued	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
judicial	O
decision	O
against	O
the	O
criminal	O
mentioned	O
.	O


The	O
death	O
verdict	O
was	O
implemented	O
against	O
the	O
criminal	O
,	O
Ali	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Mohamed	I-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Hilan	I-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Harbi	I-PERSON
,	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
Wednesday	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
12/27/1427	I-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Barida	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
Qussaim	B-LOC
district	O
.	O


By	O
announcing	O
this	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Interior	I-ORG
is	O
confirming	O
the	O
devotion	O
of	O
the	O
Custodian	B-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Two	I-PERSON
Holy	I-PERSON
Mosques	I-PERSON
'	O
government	O
,	O
God	O
protect	O
him	O
,	O
to	O
providing	O
security	O
,	O
achieving	O
justice	O
,	O
and	O
implementing	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
God	O
against	O
anyone	O
who	O
assaults	O
the	O
secure	O
ones	O
in	O
their	O
selves	O
,	O
honor	O
,	O
or	O
money	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
warning	O
to	O
anyone	O
who	O
considers	O
doing	O
this	O
that	O
judicial	O
punishment	O
will	O
be	O
his	O
destiny	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
the	O
leader	O
to	O
the	O
good	O
path	O
.	O


ama455@hotmail.com	O


Al	B-PERSON
Kharek	I-PERSON


My	O
brother	O
,	O
Al	B-PERSON
Kharek	I-PERSON
,	O
peace	O
,	O
mercy	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
blessings	O
of	O
God	O
be	O
upon	O
you	O
00	O
.	O


You	O
opened	O
a	O
subject	O
on	O
robberies	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
wanted	O
to	O
share	O
in	O
the	O
devotion	O
to	O
God	O
Almighty	O
0	O
.	O


The	O
strangest	O
thing	O
I	O
read	O
was	O
your	O
comment	O
number	O
five	B-CARDINAL
-LRB-	O
5	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
,	O
quoted	O
from	O
the	O
newspaper	O
.	O
00	O


In	O
it	O
,	O
the	O
writer	O
mentions	O
that	O
the	O
nation	O
has	O
advanced	O
criminal	O
equipment	O
and	O
trained	O
cadres	O
.	O
00	O


Fine	O
,	O
what	O
is	O
missing	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
crime	O
?	O


If	O
the	O
reason	O
is	O
known	O
,	O
the	O
result	O
is	O
clear	O
.	O
0	O


The	O
problem	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
unavailability	O
of	O
Islamic	B-NORP
legislative	O
evidence	O
upon	O
which	O
Islamic	B-NORP
justice	O
is	O
based	O
;	O
but	O
rather	O
in	O
a	O
reality	O
in	O
which	O
you	O
live	O
and	O
in	O
which	O
justice	O
is	O
excluded	O
.	O


The	O
judge	O
00	O
is	O
not	O
qualified	O
for	O
the	O
judiciary	O
and	O
is	O
not	O
independent	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
deprives	O
the	O
judge	O
of	O
his	O
legitimacy	O
in	O
judging	O
,	O
0	O
as	O
he	O
follows	O
the	O
dictations	O
of	O
the	O
prosecutor	O
and	O
others	O
.	O


The	O
judge	O
receives	O
bribes	O
,	O
recommendations	O
,	O
facilitations	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
which	O
do	O
not	O
serve	O
the	O
judiciary	O
,	O
but	O
show	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
independent	O
and	O
impartial	O
.	O
00	O


This	O
judiciary	O
has	O
remained	O
like	O
this	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O


The	O
accused	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
victim	O
between	O
rivals	O
,	O
until	O
,	O
recently	O
,	O
outside	O
pressure	O
came	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
accused	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
enabled	O
the	O
lawyer	O
.	O


The	O
lawyer	O
is	O
qualified	O
for	O
positive	O
constitutions	O
that	O
contradict	O
Islamic	B-NORP
legislation	O
.	O


This	O
caused	O
the	O
lawyer	O
to	O
use	O
this	O
golden	O
opportunity	O
to	O
release	O
the	O
accused	O
for	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
money	O
,	O
estimated	O
at	O
several	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
in	O
the	O
large	O
criminal	O
cases	O
,	O
which	O
increased	O
the	O
drift	O
of	O
justice	O
.	O
0	O


Some	O
judges	O
even	O
quit	O
the	O
judicial	O
profession	O
and	O
turned	O
to	O
legal	O
practice	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
master	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
since	O
he	O
knows	O
the	O
skills	O
of	O
judges	O
.	O
00	O


And	O
we	O
entered	O
the	O
market	O
of	O
crime	O
from	O
there	O
.	O
0	O


As	O
for	O
crimes	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
many	O
.	O


The	O
biggest	O
criminals	O
are	O
known	O
from	O
their	O
looks	O
.	O


Among	O
them	O
are	O
the	O
organized	O
road	O
robbers	O
,	O
the	O
share	O
robbers	O
,	O
the	O
land	O
and	O
property	O
robbers	O
.	O


Even	O
dead	O
robbers	O
have	O
appeared	O
,	O
who	O
steal	O
dead	O
bodies	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
weird	O
.	O


Thieves	O
are	O
immune	O
to	O
justice	O
.	O


They	O
even	O
are	O
the	O
justice	O
in	O
our	O
stinky	O
time	O
.	O
0	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
agencies	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
developing	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
expect	O
a	O
day	O
will	O
come	O
when	O
the	O
guard	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
thief	O
and	O
and	O
and	O
00	O


By	O
using	O
a	O
rational	O
mind	O
and	O
transparent	O
logic	O
,	O
young	O
men	O
who	O
are	O
unemployed	O
,	O
lost	O
,	O
and	O
lazy	O
,	O
raised	O
on	O
the	O
channels	O
that	O
feed	O
and	O
develop	O
them	O
for	O
free	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
a	O
masters	O
degree	O
from	O
the	O
international	O
university	O
of	O
the	O
lost	O
,	O
need	O
a	O
daily	O
allowance	O
of	O
50	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
70	I-CARDINAL
to	O
dress	O
,	O
eat	O
,	O
and	O
travel	O
around	O
with	O
a	O
limousine	O
,	O
10	B-CARDINAL
per	O
trip	O
.	O


A	O
southern	B-NORP
guy	O
gets	O
lost	O
in	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
collect	O
a	O
thousand	B-CARDINAL
for	O
him	O
and	O
tell	O
him	O
go	O
look	O
for	O
a	O
job	O
;	O
550	B-CARDINAL
went	O
to	O
tickets	O
,	O
and	O
fifty	B-CARDINAL
for	O
the	O
trip	O
from	O
the	O
airport	O
to	O
Batha	B-GPE
to	O
rent	O
a	O
room	O
in	O
which	O
to	O
sleep	O
,	O
100	B-CARDINAL
.	O


He	O
wakes	O
up	O
,	O
buys	O
application	O
files	O
,	O
and	O
photocopies	O
his	O
identification	O
.	O


He	O
spreads	O
them	O
everywhere	O
possible	O
until	O
they	O
are	O
hanging	O
from	O
the	O
bridges	O
.	O


His	O
daily	O
expenses	O
are	O
50	B-CARDINAL
,	O
with	O
food	O
and	O
beverages	O
,	O
say	O
100	B-CARDINAL
.	O


He	O
returns	O
to	O
the	O
hotel	O
to	O
lie	O
down	O
,	O
his	O
face	O
exhausted	O
from	O
the	O
heat	O
,	O
the	O
fatigue	O
,	O
the	O
insults	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
calling	O
,	O
the	O
expulsions	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
humiliation	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
he	O
wakes	O
up	O
on	O
his	O
second	B-ORDINAL
day	O
and	O
lingers	O
around	O
his	O
acquaintances	O
,	O
knowing	O
that	O
they	O
despise	O
him	O
for	O
his	O
position	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
say	O
,	O
"	O
We	O
swear	O
to	O
God	O
so	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
so	O
has	O
left	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
can	O
do	O
nothing	O
but	O
return	O
to	O
your	O
home	O
and	O
come	O
back	O
next	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
when	O
the	O
institutes	O
open	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
and	O
%pw	O
and	O
go	O
.	O


I	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
hotel	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
said	O
give	O
me	O
a	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
.	O


I	O
told	O
him	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
enough	O
money	O
to	O
return	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
broke	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
have	O
nothing	O
but	O
my	O
identification	O
.	O


Take	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
guarantee	O
.	O


I	O
went	O
back	O
home	O
as	O
an	O
unknown	O
with	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
identification	O
;	O
I	O
spent	O
a	O
week	B-DATE
on	O
the	O
road	O
to	O
pass	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
who	O
saw	O
me	O
empty	O
-	O
pocketed	O
said	O
stop	O
in	O
your	O
place	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
returned	O
after	O
a	O
week	B-DATE
,	O
having	O
eaten	O
the	O
remaining	O
pickings	O
in	O
restaurants	O
until	O
the	O
Indians	B-NORP
sent	O
us	O
away	O
.	O
0	O


This	O
is	O
about	O
the	O
job	O
.	O
00	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
land	O
,	O
you	O
either	O
wait	O
for	O
25	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
if	O
you	O
are	O
lucky	O
and	O
feed	O
the	O
belly	O
of	O
the	B-PERSON
Land	I-PERSON
Department	I-PERSON
Director	I-PERSON
with	O
a	O
sheep	O
,	O
honey	O
,	O
or	O
something	O
he	O
considers	O
good	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
get	O
it	O
after	O
twenty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
feeding	O
him	O
.	O
0	O


Or	O
else	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
a	O
planner	O
who	O
tells	O
you	O
that	O
the	O
selling	O
starts	O
on	O
such	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
such	O
date	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
a	O
place	O
,	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
by	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
,	O
is	O
250000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
it	O
,	O
pay	O
5000	B-CARDINAL
as	O
a	O
down	O
payment	O
and	O
pay	O
the	O
rest	O
in	O
installments	O
of	O
3000	B-CARDINAL
every	O
month	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
value	O
,	O
calculated	O
by	O
a	O
Sudanese	B-NORP
man	O
,	O
and	O
who	O
knows	O
about	O
his	O
math	O
,	O
of	O
450000	B-CARDINAL
,	O
for	O
the	O
heirs	O
to	O
pay	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
an	O
installment	O
late	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
no	O
right	O
to	O
anything	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
,	O
fine	O
,	O
let	O
me	O
see	O
the	O
land	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
went	O
.	O


We	O
found	O
the	O
land	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
relatives	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
stolen	O
from	O
the	O
group	O
.	O
000	O


Then	O
,	O
our	O
unemployed	O
brother	O
faced	O
a	O
look	O
of	O
inferiority	O
from	O
those	O
around	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
feels	O
inferior	O
and	O
wanders	O
around	O
.	O


He	O
meets	O
a	O
companion	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
path	O
and	O
the	O
same	O
suffering	O
.	O


Here	O
starts	O
the	O
thinking	O
and	O
the	O
change	O
of	O
his	O
compass	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
sees	O
the	O
luxuries	O
around	O
him	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
move	O
and	O
think	O
.	O


The	O
door	O
is	O
open	O
,	O
the	O
experiences	O
are	O
available	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
elimination	O
of	O
humiliation	O
and	O
takedown	O
is	O
available	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
starts	O
with	O
a	O
small	O
theft	O
,	O
then	O
a	O
big	O
one	O
,	O
then	O
a	O
variety	O
.	O
000	O


If	O
you	O
look	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
actually	O
Saudis	B-NORP
?	O


They	O
are	O
foreigners	O
and	O
Bangladeshis	B-NORP
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
assigned	O
in	O
their	O
residency	O
to	O
their	O
fathers	O
,	O
the	O
big	O
officials	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
,	O
in	O
his	O
mother	O
's	O
name	O
and	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
name	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
released	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
like	O
a	O
shark	O
.	O


They	O
took	O
everything	O
.	O


A	B-LAW
Royal	I-LAW
Decree	I-LAW
was	O
issued	O
,	O
called	O
-LRB-	B-LAW
the	I-LAW
Reverse	I-LAW
Decree	I-LAW
-RRB-	I-LAW
,	O
which	O
prohibits	O
foreigners	O
from	O
working	O
in	O
vegetable	O
sales	O
.	O


The	O
young	O
people	O
were	O
happy	O
.	O


They	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
Bangladeshi	O
controller	O
.	O


There	O
they	O
were	O
,	O
like	O
for	O
the	O
petroleum	O
.	O


The	O
Bangladeshi	B-NORP
does	O
not	O
accept	O
less	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
ten	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
a	O
month	O
.	O
00	O


We	O
are	O
in	O
a	O
night	O
,	O
Kharek	B-PERSON
,	O
that	O
has	O
no	O
morning	O
.	O


Orders	O
are	O
neglected	O
,	O
the	O
phoenix	O
is	O
burnt	O
,	O
misery	O
prevails	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
anyone	O
.	O


0	O
.	O


Our	O
unemployed	O
brother	O
is	O
the	O
small	O
criminal	O
,	O
the	O
lured	O
one	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
like	O
the	O
old	O
saying	O
would	O
indicate	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
If	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
penny	B-MONEY
,	O
you	O
are	O
worth	O
a	O
penny	B-MONEY
;	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
penny	B-MONEY
,	O
00000	O
You	O
know	O
the	O
rest	O
.	O
-RRB-	O
00	O


This	O
is	O
reality	O
,	O
my	O
dear	O
Al	B-PERSON
Kharek	I-PERSON
.	O


I	O
wish	O
there	O
was	O
independent	O
Islamic	B-NORP
legislation	O
in	O
which	O
no	O
one	O
interferes	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
wish	O
there	O
were	O
an	O
impartial	O
independent	O
general	O
prosecutor	O
to	O
represent	O
national	O
,	O
intellectual	O
,	O
and	O
Islamic	B-NORP
security	O
.	O


If	O
this	O
is	O
achieved	O
,	O
security	O
,	O
prosperity	O
,	O
and	O
freedom	O
would	O
be	O
achieved	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
oppression	O
would	O
end	O
.	O


Calls	O
to	O
prayer	O
and	O
no	O
one	O
hears	O
you	O
,	O
so	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
upset	O
your	O
God	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
your	O
back	O
was	O
beaten	O
,	O
and	O
your	O
money	O
was	O
taken	O
.	O


00000	O


If	O
nothing	O
changes	O
and	O
we	O
sleep	O
and	O
wake	O
up	O
on	O
the	B-FAC
Qassebi	I-FAC
and	I-FAC
Turki	I-FAC
Al	I-FAC
Ahmad	I-FAC
roads	I-FAC
,	O


and	O
the	O
corrupt	O
gangs	O
like	O
them	O
to	O
whom	O
the	O
mission	O
of	O
Islam	B-ORG
was	O
handed	O
0.	O


0000	O


I	O
swear	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
I	O
get	O
astonished	O
,	O
I	O
thank	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
say	O
,	O
thank	O
You	O
God	O
,	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
still	O
traits	O
and	O
values	O
to	O
praise	O
.	O
00	O


And	O
if	O
you	O
say	O
something	O
,	O
say	O
peaceful	O
things	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
good	O
,	O
though	O
their	O
mentalities	O
are	O
unique	O
and	O
their	O
wills	O
are	O
strong	O
.	O
0	O


We	O
are	O
a	O
people	O
most	O
intimidated	O
should	O
a	O
missile	O
or	O
heavy	O
5	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
bombs	O
fall	O
near	O
us	O
.	O


Around	O
it	O
,	O
we	O
shall	O
sink	O
into	O
the	O
ground	O
for	O
a	O
year	B-DATE
,	O
and	O
then	O
we	O
come	O
out	O
worried	O
.	O


Do	O
not	O
count	O
on	O
us	O
as	O
weapons	O
,	O
when	O
we	O
are	O
cowards	O
who	O
learned	O
in	O
the	O
schools	O
of	O
Al	B-PERSON
Walid	I-PERSON
Ibn	I-PERSON
Talal	I-PERSON
,	O
Ibn	B-PERSON
Ibrahim	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
full	O
cream	O
,	O
Saleh	B-PERSON
.	O


This	O
is	O
our	O
university	O
,	O
so	O
do	O
not	O
blame	O
us	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
count	O
on	O
us	O
.	O
0	O


The	O
weapon	O
is	O
a	O
cartoon	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
aggression	O
is	O
at	O
the	O
door	O
.	O
000	O


Would	O
you	O
explain	O
to	O
us	O
our	O
reality	O
,	O
that	O
we	O
live	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
who	O
represents	O
us	O
inside	O
and	O
outside	O
?	O
0	O


Or	O
else	O
what	O
we	O
see	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
performing	O
a	O
realistic	O
play	O
under	O
commercial	O
stickers	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Bouri	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Khori	I-ORG
council	I-ORG
,	O
who	O
represents	O
his	O
pocket	O
,	O
his	O
interests	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
position	O
.	O
0	O


Living	O
became	O
a	O
trade	O
in	O
livestock	O
.	O
0	O


Explain	O
to	O
us	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
a	O
people	O
?	O
What	O
is	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
gangs	O
?	O
And	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
criminals	O
?	O


People	O
are	O
confused	O
.	O
0	O


==============================	O


And	O
thank	O
you	O
my	O
brother	O
,	O
Al	B-PERSON
Kharek	I-PERSON
.	O


I	O
hope	O
to	O
publish	O
it	O
if	O
we	O
can	O
.	O


Maybe	O
we	O
can	O
regain	O
credibility	O
of	O
presentation	O
and	O
honesty	O
in	O
the	O
message	O
.	O


What	O
we	O
see	O
today	O
in	O
the	O
forum	O
is	O
nothing	O
but	O
fights	O
between	O
the	O
Baseer	B-NORP
Bahrani	I-NORP
party	O
and	O
people	O
who	O
burn	O
,	O
hide	O
,	O
and	O
mask	O
.	O


Where	O
are	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
truth	O
?	O


Whenever	O
you	O
see	O
a	O
criminal	O
they	O
have	O
caught	O
,	O
you	O
say	O
punish	O
him	O
and	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
human	O
who	O
lives	O
among	O
us	O
.	O


We	O
feel	O
for	O
him	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
victim	O
of	O
big	O
criminals	O
of	O
the	O
%pw	O
.	O
00	O


If	O
he	O
was	O
backed	O
up	O
by	O
a	O
financial	O
or	O
incorporeal	O
support	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
honest	O
and	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
propagated	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
honest	O
.	O
0	O


The	O
country	O
in	O
reality	O
is	O
a	O
Mafia	O
country	O
of	O
all	O
types	O
and	O
colors	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
means	O
of	O
criminality	O
were	O
provided	O
by	O
our	O
rational	O
country	O
,	O
until	O
the	O
criminals	O
became	O
holders	O
of	O
scientific	O
and	O
mechanical	O
degrees	O
.	O


ama455@hotmail.com	O


Al	B-PERSON
Kharek	I-PERSON


ama455@hotmail.com	O


Urgent	O
:	O
An	O
Overt	O
and	O
Direct	O
Message	O
of	O
Threat	O
to	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
and	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
Replies	O
..!!	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Fahlawi	I-PERSON


Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Arabiya	I-ORG
:	I-ORG


Iraqi	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
Nouri	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Maliki	I-PERSON
considers	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
as	O
an	O
internal	O
matter	O
and	O
threatens	O
to	O
reexamine	O
relations	O
with	O
any	O
country	O
that	O
refuses	O
to	O
respect	O
the	O
will	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
in	O
carrying	O
out	O
the	O
execution	O
on	O
the	O
holiday	O
.	O


_________________________	O


I	O
remembered	O
after	O
this	O
news	O
the	O
saying	O
of	O
the	O
fly	O
to	O
the	O
mountain	O
:	O
Hold	O
on	O
well	O
because	O
I	O
intend	O
to	O
fly	O
.	O


Really	O
the	O
worst	O
misfortune	O
is	O
that	O
which	O
calls	O
for	O
laughter	O
..	O


As	O
if	O
I	O
know	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
complaining	O
about	O
the	O
headline	O
of	O
the	O
subject	O
which	O
contains	O
resounding	O
words	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
urgent	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
threat	O
.	O
"	O
!!	O


In	O
fact	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
blame	O
you	O
because	O
that	O
government	O
which	O
is	O
called	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
government	O
does	O
not	O
reach	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
attracting	O
the	O
attention	O
of	O
the	O
Arabs	B-NORP
.	O
And	O
because	O
its	O
positions	O
are	O
known	O
beforehand	O
-LRB-	O
acting	O
as	O
an	O
agent	O
..	O
filthiness	O
..	O
vulgarity	O
of	O
words	O
..	O
political	O
ignorance	O
...	O
etc.	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
evidence	O
of	O
that	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
Crown	B-PERSON
Prince	I-PERSON
replied	O
to	O
this	O
dirty	O
message	O
before	O
its	O
declaration	O
.	O
Since	O
he	O
declared	O
yesterday	O
that	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
will	O
not	O
interfere	O
in	O
the	O
affairs	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
encourages	O
its	O
sons	O
to	O
reunite	O
.	O


______________	O


What	O
quasi-men	O
is	O
Iraq	B-GPE
afflicted	O
with	O
?	O


What	O
dirty	O
agents	O
are	O
those	O
who	O
turn	O
the	O
rudder	O
of	O
governance	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
?	O


Let	O
this	O
quasi-man	O
called	O
Nouri	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Maliki	I-PERSON
know	O
that	O
when	O
troubles	O
come	O
,	O
after	O
God	O
,	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
and	O
Egypt	B-GPE
are	O
the	O
impregnable	O
dam	O
for	O
everyone	O
in	O
whose	O
heart	O
throbs	O
an	O
atom	O
of	O
faith	O
and	O
manliness	O
and	O
Arabism	B-ORG
.	O


To	O
correspond	O
with	O
me	O
use	O
the	O
following	O
address	O
:	O
http://AbuAbdullaah.arabform.com	O
.	O


Your	O
brother	O
/	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Abdullah	I-PERSON
.	O


Qays	B-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
son	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
his	I-PERSON
father	I-PERSON


Let	O
the	O
threats	O
come	O
;	O
your	O
threats	O
wo	O
n't	O
harm	O
me	O
***	O
Does	O
the	O
buzz	O
of	O
the	O
wings	O
of	O
flies	O
harm	O
anyone	O
?	O


Does	O
history	O
repeat	O
itself	O
?	O


Nouri	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Maliki	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
situation	O
will	O
be	O
like	O
that	O
of	O
Ibn	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Alqami	I-PERSON
after	O
his	O
great	O
treason	O
in	O
the	O
murder	O
of	O
the	B-PERSON
Caliph	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Muslims	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Mustasim	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
who	O
has	O
high	O
status	O
does	O
not	O
carry	O
a	O
grudge	O
..........	O
He	O
who	O
has	O
anger	O
in	O
his	O
nature	O
does	O
not	O
attain	O
greatness	O
.......	O


For	O
correspondence	O
ghais2001@hotmail.com	O


gwardyola	O


Your	O
government	O
does	O
not	O
honor	O
any	O
Arab	B-NORP
state	O
by	O
having	O
relations	O
with	O
it	O
...	O


The	O
day	O
will	O
come	O
when	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
gone	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
this	O
deed	O
of	O
yours	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
states	O
and	O
your	O
government	O
under	O
the	O
shadow	O
of	O
occupation	O
,	O
let	O
them	O
be	O
gone	O
unmourned	O
,	O
you	O
subordinate	O
Safavid	B-NORP
executioner	O
...	O


By	O
the	O
will	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
your	O
government	O
agent	O
will	O
soon	O
not	O
exist	O
in	O
the	O
land	O
of	O
Mesopotamia	B-LOC
...	O


gwardyola	B-PERSON


Last	B-PERSON
Request	I-PERSON


He	O
must	O
make	O
threats	O
,	O
run	O
away	O
,	O
and	O
groan	O
..	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
instructions	O
of	O
the	O
bedbugs	O
Bus	O
-LRB-	O
Bush	B-PERSON
-RRB-	O
,	O
otherwise	O
they	O
will	O
make	O
him	O
fly	O
as	O
they	O
have	O
made	O
others	O
fly	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
sure	O
that	O
all	O
his	O
statements	O
come	O
by	O
e-mail	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
.	O


Great	O
minds	O
have	O
goals	O
,,,,	O
while	O
others	O
have	O
wishes	O
.	O


Rajaaa100@Hotmail.Com	O
.	O


Leader	B-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
great	I-PERSON
legions	I-PERSON


I	O
have	O
never	O
in	O
my	O
life	O
seen	O
a	O
president	O
of	O
a	O
country	O
more	O
stupid	O
than	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
..	O


A	O
stupid	O
president	O
in	O
every	O
meaning	O
of	O
the	O
word	O
...	O


He	O
dragged	O
his	O
country	O
and	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
region	O
into	O
a	O
quagmire	O
...	O
and	O
stupidly	O
gave	O
Iraq	B-GPE
to	O
Iran	B-GPE
in	O
such	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
would	O
make	O
a	O
reasonable	O
person	O
think	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
secret	O
agreement	O
between	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
Iran	B-GPE
to	O
deliver	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
am	O
telling	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Maliki	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
other	O
henchmen	O
of	O
Bush	B-PERSON
....	O
not	O
to	O
overstep	O
his	O
status	O
...	O


He	O
is	O
just	O
a	O
weak	O
and	O
powerless	O
person	O
...	O


His	O
country	O
is	O
being	O
run	O
by	O
the	O
mullahs	O
of	O
Iran	B-GPE
and	O
he	O
is	O
just	O
a	O
trivial	O
toy	O
in	O
the	O
hand	O
of	O
Muqtada	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Sadr	I-PERSON
and	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Khomeini	I-PERSON
...	O
like	O
it	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
despite	O
Bush	B-PERSON
...	O


The	O
evidence	O
is	O
the	O
trial	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
which	O
God	O
exposed	O
to	O
everyone	O
,	O
Arabs	B-NORP
,	O
non-Arabs	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
Westerners	B-NORP
....	O


I	O
really	O
see	O
destruction	O
and	O
evil	O
spreading	O
,	O
encompassing	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
are	O
on	O
the	O
verge	O
of	O
destruction	O
and	O
ruin	O
,	O
very	O
close	O
in	O
Iraq	O
,	O
incomparable	O
to	O
what	O
happened	O
to	O
it	O
in	O
previous	O
years	O
...	O


Rather	O
,	O
Iraq	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
a	O
theater	O
of	O
major	O
war	O
operations	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
nuclear	O
,	O
burning	O
the	O
green	O
and	O
the	O
dry	O
,	O
and	O
turning	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
into	O
the	O
remains	O
of	O
a	O
city	O
inhabited	O
by	O
crows	O
and	O
the	O
riding	O
animals	O
of	O
the	O
graves	O
.	O


I	O
call	O
upon	O
my	O
Sunni	B-NORP
brothers	O
to	O
leave	O
and	O
avoid	O
the	O
fire	O
of	O
civil	O
strife	O
with	O
the	O
impure	O
Shiites	B-NORP
.	O


May	O
God	O
fight	O
them	O
until	O
God	O
accomplishes	O
with	O
them	O
what	O
happened	O
to	O
the	O
Rafidites	B-NORP
and	O
Shiites	B-NORP
of	O
Satan	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
His	O
might	O
may	O
He	O
use	O
the	O
transgressors	O
to	O
destroy	O
the	O
transgressors	O
.	O


Thanks	O
to	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Fahlawi	I-PERSON
....	O


I	O
enjoyed	O
the	O
simplicity	O
of	O
exposition	O
and	O
how	O
close	O
the	O
words	O
were	O
to	O
the	O
heart	O
and	O
mind	O
...	O


Many	O
happy	O
returns	O
each	O
year	B-DATE
.	O


On	O
behalf	O
of	O
the	O
leadership	O
of	O
the	O
great	O
legions	O
....	O


Leader	B-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
great	I-PERSON
legions	I-PERSON


What	O
's	O
happening	O
now	O
reminds	O
me	O
of	O
the	O
film	O
Fahrenheit	B-WORK_OF_ART
9/11	I-WORK_OF_ART
by	O
the	O
director	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Moore	I-PERSON
which	O
revealed	O
the	O
real	O
personality	O
of	O
the	O
cowboy	O
and	O
spoiled	O
child	O
of	O
the	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
family	I-PERSON
,	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
,	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
the	O
leadership	O
of	O
the	O
great	O
legions	O
....	O


Bread	B-PERSON
Seller	I-PERSON


Regards	O
..	O


Sorry	O
brother	O
-LRB-	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Fahlawi	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
..	O
I	O
was	O
late	O
in	O
entering	O
a	O
comment	O
,,	O


We	O
tell	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Maliki	I-PERSON
..	O
The	O
execution	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
is	O
not	O
an	O
internal	O
matter	O
..	O


Those	O
who	O
overthrew	O
his	O
regime	O
and	O
arrested	O
him	O
are	O
the	O
armies	O
of	O
the	O
coalition	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
the	O
army	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hakim	I-PERSON
and	O
Muqtada	B-PERSON
.	O


Thus	O
the	O
debate	O
on	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
his	O
execution	O
and	O
his	O
trial	O
should	O
have	O
been	O
an	O
international	O
matter	O
for	O
which	O
an	O
international	O
court	O
was	O
formed	O
..	O


Even	O
the	O
moderates	O
among	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
politicians	O
have	O
stated	O
so	O
..	O


Anyway	O
..	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Maliki	I-PERSON
..	O
knows	O
the	O
disgraceful	O
situation	O
over	O
which	O
he	O
presides	O
..	O


After	O
his	O
ratification	O
of	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
's	O
death	O
sentence	O
..	O
he	O
sensed	O
the	O
danger	O
and	O
fear	O
of	O
what	O
he	O
had	O
done	O
,	O
which	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hakim	I-PERSON
and	O
Muqtada	B-PERSON
had	O
involved	O
him	O
in	O
,	O
and	O
behind	O
them	O
the	O
Safavids	B-NORP
.	O


In	O
a	O
press	O
interview	O
conducted	O
with	O
him	O
immediately	O
after	O
the	O
ratification	O
,	O
he	O
expressed	O
the	O
wish	O
that	O
his	O
tenure	O
would	O
end	O
soon	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
accept	O
renewal	O
.	O


The	O
bitter	O
truth	O
is	O
that	O
..	O
this	O
government	O
came	O
through	O
a	O
forged	O
legitimate	O
way	O
..	O
whose	O
mask	O
will	O
be	O
revealed	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
..	O


God	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
from	O
whom	O
help	O
is	O
sought	O
..	O


Above	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
knowledge	O
is	O
the	O
All	O
-	O
Knowing	O
..	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Fahlawi	I-PERSON


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Asha	I-PERSON
:	O


May	O
you	O
be	O
safe	O
and	O
healthy	O
every	O
year	B-DATE
,	O
my	O
eminent	O
brother	O
..	O


You	O
are	O
really	O
truthful	O
,	O
my	O
brother	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Asha	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
I	O
wish	O
they	O
knew	O
..	O


There	O
is	O
much	O
evidence	O
against	O
the	O
Rafidites	B-NORP
in	O
particular	O
..	O


Perhaps	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
of	O
them	O
is	O
the	B-PERSON
"	I-PERSON
Shah	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
Iran	I-PERSON
"	I-PERSON
and	O
how	O
he	O
"	O
spoiled	O
"	O
after	O
they	O
ate	O
his	O
flesh	O
and	O
threw	O
away	O
his	O
bones	O
..	O


God	O
,	O
hasten	O
the	O
destruction	O
of	O
America	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
agents	O
..	O


Thank	O
you	O
brother	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Asha	I-PERSON
and	O
I	O
was	O
happy	O
to	O
see	O
you	O
and	O
your	O
participation	O


______________________	O


The	B-PERSON
Clever	I-PERSON


May	O
Allah	O
greet	O
you	O
and	O
honor	O
you	O
my	O
excellent	O
maternal	O
uncle	O
..	O


Believe	O
me	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
mentioned	O
,	O
despite	O
its	O
importance	O
,	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
drop	O
in	O
the	O
ocean	O
of	O
Safavid	B-NORP
Zoroastrian	B-NORP
treachery	O
..	O


My	O
teeth	O
drip	O
blood	O
on	O
these	O
traitors	O
because	O
of	O
what	O
I	O
have	O
read	O
and	O
what	O
I	O
have	O
followed	O
..	O


But	O
we	O
do	O
not	O
say	O
anything	O
except	O
that	O
troubles	O
will	O
befall	O
a	O
person	O
who	O
transgresses	O
.	O


I	O
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
for	O
honoring	O
us	O
by	O
passing	O
by	O
and	O
for	O
your	O
kindness	O
..	O


May	O
God	O
grant	O
us	O
and	O
you	O
success	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
He	O
give	O
our	O
eyes	O
and	O
your	O
eyes	O
the	O
pleasure	O
of	O
seeing	O
the	O
death	O
and	O
destruction	O
of	O
the	O
traitors	O
.	O


To	O
correspond	O
with	O
me	O
use	O
the	O
following	O
address	O
:	O
http://AbuAbdullaah.arabform.com	O
.	O


Your	O
brother	O
/	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Abdullah	I-PERSON
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Fahlawi	I-PERSON


I	O
thank	O
all	O
brothers	O
for	O
their	O
pleasant	O
interaction	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
..	O


I	O
apologize	O
to	O
everyone	O
for	O
the	O
late	O
and	O
collective	O
reply	O
..	O


This	O
is	O
because	O
I	O
was	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
forum	O
these	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
.	O


Again	O
,	O
thank	O
you	O
all	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


To	O
correspond	O
with	O
me	O
use	O
the	O
following	O
address	O
:	O
http://AbuAbdullaah.arabform.com	O
.	O


Your	O
brother	O
/	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Abdullah	I-PERSON
.	O


Expressive	O
image	O


Al	B-PERSON
Waeli	I-PERSON


Al	B-PERSON
Waeli	I-PERSON
,	O
peace	O
,	O
mercy	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
blessing	O
of	O
God	O
be	O
upon	O
you	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
courtesy	O
,	O
not	O
an	O
order	O
,	O
please	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
political	O
forum	O
this	O
picture	O
,	O
which	O
goes	O
back	O
to	O
1973	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
1393	I-DATE
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
King	B-PERSON
Faisal	I-PERSON
,	O
may	O
God	O
have	O
mercy	O
on	O
him	O
,	O
when	O
he	O
prevented	O
the	O
export	O
of	O
oil	O
to	O
America	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
picture	O
shows	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
our	O
ability	O
to	O
stand	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
I	O
hope	O
the	O
members	O
would	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
picture	O
.	O


naifgh@msn.com	O


Al	B-PERSON
Maghaweer	I-PERSON


Things	O
today	B-DATE
are	O
more	O
complicated	O
than	O
before	O
...	O


and	O
the	O
lurkers	O
for	O
us	O
are	O
many	O
...	O


Also	O
,	O
the	O
world	O
today	O
has	O
become	O
uni-polar	O
...	O
as	O
they	O
say	O
!	O


I	O
wish	O
things	O
would	O
stay	O
like	O
that	O
...	O
but	O
leave	O
it	O
to	O
God	O
...	O


God	O
shall	O
decide	O
.	O


Abu	B-PERSON
Dalama	I-PERSON


Saturday	B-DATE
,	I-DATE
12/24/1427	I-DATE
AH	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
01/13/2007	I-DATE
AD	I-DATE
.	I-DATE


Question	O
:	O
I	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
ask	O
His	O
Highness	O
Prince	B-PERSON
Saud	I-PERSON
whether	O
the	B-GPE
Kingdom	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Saudi	I-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
is	O
ready	O
to	O
raise	O
its	O
production	O
of	O
oil	O
,	O
in	O
case	O
the	O
Iranian	B-NORP
crisis	O
causes	O
a	O
reduction	O
of	O
the	O
Iranian	B-NORP
production	O
or	O
a	O
rise	O
in	O
prices	O
?	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
is	O
the	B-GPE
Kingdom	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Saudi	I-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
ready	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
oil	O
weapon	O
against	O
the	O
oil	O
weapon	O
?	O


I	O
would	O
also	O
like	O
to	O
ask	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
Iranian	B-NORP
crisis	O
,	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
the	O
initiatives	O
that	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
nations	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
the	B-GPE
Kingdom	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Saudi	I-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
is	O
part	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
the	O
Gulf	B-ORG
Cooperation	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
,	O
are	O
undertaking	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
project	O
of	O
the	O
nuclear	O
program	O
?	O


Is	O
this	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
,	O
the	O
preparation	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
Sunni	B-NORP
Arab	B-NORP
countries	O
are	O
undertaking	O
as	O
a	O
warning	O
directed	O
at	O
the	O
Iranian	B-NORP
leadership	O
?	O


Your	O
Highness	O
,	O
the	B-PERSON
Minister	I-PERSON
:	O
We	O
are	O
-LSB-	O
handling	O
-RSB-	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
facing	O
the	O
oil	O
weapon	O
with	O
the	O
oil	O
weapon	O
,	O
because	O
we	O
do	O
not	O
consider	O
it	O
an	O
oil	O
weapon	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
wealth	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
are	O
using	O
this	O
wealth	O
in	O
consideration	O
of	O
our	O
national	O
interests	O
,	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
producing	O
nations	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
consuming	O
nations	O
.	O


His	O
Highness	O
the	B-PERSON
Oil	I-PERSON
Minister	I-PERSON
has	O
very	O
clearly	O
clarified	O
that	O
the	O
policy	O
of	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-GPE
is	O
established	O
on	O
balance	O
in	O
the	O
oil	O
market	O
.	O


The	O
Kingdom	B-GPE
has	O
historically	O
proven	O
that	O
in	O
times	O
of	O
crisis	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
what	O
it	O
should	O
do	O
as	O
the	O
biggest	O
producer	O
of	O
oil	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
guarantees	O
the	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
oil	O
markets	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
nuclear	O
program	O
which	O
the	B-ORG
Gulf	I-ORG
Cooperation	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
has	O
approved	O
,	O
I	O
believe	O
that	O
among	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
reasons	O
on	O
which	O
the	O
Council	B-ORG
agreed	O
in	O
this	O
framework	O
is	O
to	O
enter	O
in	O
this	O
important	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
which	O
not	O
only	O
includes	O
a	O
military	O
aspect	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
a	O
peaceful	O
aspect	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
establish	O
an	O
industry	O
subject	O
to	O
strict	O
controls	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
violated	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
guarantee	O
its	O
peaceful	O
direction	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
example	O
for	O
all	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
have	O
this	O
industry	O
and	O
have	O
no	O
intention	O
of	O
developing	O
it	O
,	O
other	O
than	O
establishing	O
nuclear	O
weapons	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
goal	O
the	O
Gulf	B-ORG
Cooperation	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
countries	O
are	O
seeking	O
.	O


http://www.mofa.gov.sa/detail.asp?InNewsItemID=59090&InTemplateKey=print	O


For	O
correspondence	O
:	O


alisau@gmail.com	O


Al	B-PERSON
Waeli	I-PERSON


Al	B-PERSON
Maghaweer	I-PERSON
and	O
brother	O
,	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Dalama	I-PERSON
:	O
Thank	O
you	O
for	O
participating	O
and	O
expressing	O
your	O
opinion	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
-LSB-	O
agree	O
with	O
-RSB-	O
Prince	B-PERSON
Faisal	I-PERSON
,	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
consider	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
and	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
development	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
I	O
enclosed	O
the	O
picture	O
per	O
the	O
request	O
of	O
its	O
owner	O
.	O


naifgh@msn.com	O


Nader	B-PERSON
Abdullah	I-PERSON


No	O
doubt	O
the	O
political	O
reading	O
today	O
differs	O
from	O
the	O
situations	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
decision	O
was	O
made	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


The	O
political	O
situation	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
today	O
has	O
even	O
become	O
more	O
complicated	O
than	O
before	O
.	O


It	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
said	O
that	O
any	O
oil	O
producing	O
country	O
can	O
use	O
oil	O
as	O
a	O
weapon	O
to	O
impose	O
a	O
certain	O
political	O
vision	O
or	O
political	O
position	O
.	O


It	O
may	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
reasons	O
that	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
presence	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
today	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
fact	O
with	O
which	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
live	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
face	O
with	O
any	O
weapon	O
.	O


ho11ho@hotmail.com	O


Hala	B-PERSON


It	O
is	O
very	O
hard	O
today	O
to	O
use	O
oil	O
as	O
a	O
weapon	O
.	O


We	O
will	O
suffer	O
more	O
than	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
in	O
my	O
belief	O
.	O


And	O
God	O
-LSB-	O
knows	O
better	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


Hissa	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Aoun	I-PERSON
says	O
today	O
what	O
men	O
have	O
not	O
said	O
in	O
an	O
article	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
nothing	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
it	O
in	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
.	O


Natiq	B-PERSON
Khayr	I-PERSON


Hissa	B-PERSON
Abd	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Rahman	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Aoun	I-PERSON


Accountability	O
of	O
ministries	O
or	O
accountability	O
of	O
companies	O
?	O


Hissa	B-PERSON
Abd	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Rahman	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Aoun	I-PERSON


From	O
time	O
to	O
time	O
,	O
lots	O
of	O
conferences	O
take	O
place	O
calling	O
for	O
accountability	O
of	O
companies	O
.	O


The	O
target	O
of	O
this	O
accountability	O
is	O
joint	O
-	O
stock	O
companies	O
including	O
real	O
estate	O
companies	O
,	O
industrial	O
companies	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
which	O
took	O
the	O
last	O
dime	B-MONEY
in	O
the	O
pockets	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
yearned	O
for	O
wealth	O
and	O
wanted	O
to	O
expel	O
the	O
ghost	O
of	O
poverty	O
from	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
many	O
.	O


We	O
find	O
an	O
excuse	O
for	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
been	O
said	O
that	O
necessity	O
is	O
the	O
mother	O
of	O
invention	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
say	O
necessity	O
is	O
the	O
mother	O
of	O
carelessness	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
I	O
find	O
no	O
excuse	O
for	O
these	O
companies	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
mention	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
which	O
formulated	O
all	O
their	O
studies	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
enable	O
them	O
to	O
milk	O
money	O
out	O
of	O
small	O
investors	O
and	O
the	O
poor	O
and	O
widows	O
and	O
orphans	O
through	O
advisory	O
offices	O
which	O
master	O
with	O
perfection	O
feasibility	O
studies	O
with	O
negative	O
action	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
leads	O
us	O
to	O
be	O
sure	O
that	O
everything	O
has	O
negative	O
aspects	O
just	O
as	O
it	O
has	O
positive	O
aspects	O
,	O
like	O
medicines	O
which	O
cure	O
a	O
disease	O
but	O
while	O
doing	O
so	O
cause	O
another	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
similar	O
repercussions	O
which	O
sometimes	O
lead	O
to	O
destruction	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
anyway	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


But	O
why	O
not	O
make	O
conferences	O
also	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
first	O
by	O
targeting	O
-LRB-	O
government	O
ministries	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
particular	O
.	O


The	O
state	O
,	O
may	O
God	O
protect	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
its	O
head	O
our	O
wise	O
leadership	O
which	O
has	O
spared	O
no	O
effort	O
to	O
serve	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
in	O
all	O
aspects	O
of	O
his	O
life	O
,	O
the	O
last	O
being	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
budget	O
which	O
,	O
thank	O
God	O
and	O
his	O
beneficence	O
,	O
surpassed	O
all	O
our	O
expectations	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
eagerness	O
of	O
the	O
father	O
of	O
all	O
,	O
the	O
good	O
king	O
,	O
to	O
make	O
us	O
happy	O
.	O


Before	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
budget	O
which	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
happy	O
surprise	O
.	O


And	O
before	O
that	O
,	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
annual	O
budgets	O
which	O
were	O
prepared	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
the	O
citizen	O
.	O


Consequently	O
,	O
we	O
do	O
not	O
see	O
this	O
budget	O
spent	O
as	O
we	O
would	O
like	O
and	O
look	O
forward	O
to	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
as	O
recommended	O
by	O
the	O
leadership	O
in	O
how	O
to	O
spend	O
it	O
.	O


Back	O
to	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
budget	O
,	O
which	O
surpassed	O
all	O
bets	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
appropriate	O
for	O
a	O
country	O
like	O
ours	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
leads	O
me	O
to	O
demand	O
monitoring	O
of	O
these	O
ministries	O
whose	O
safes	O
have	O
suffered	O
indigestion	O
from	O
the	O
budgets	O
that	O
end	O
all	O
the	O
lean	O
years	B-DATE
and	O
halt	O
all	O
the	O
series	O
of	O
excuses	O
which	O
we	O
hear	O
from	O
some	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
required	O
development	O
projects	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
will	O
make	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
the	O
citizen	O
happy	O
,	O
lacked	O
liquidity	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
excuses	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
public	O
debt	O
and	O
other	O
acceptable	O
and	O
unacceptable	O
excuses	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
there	O
is	O
no	O
excuse	O
for	O
anyone	O
,	O
especially	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Matab	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
may	O
God	O
protect	O
him	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
harsh	O
with	O
the	O
ministers	O
and	O
demanded	O
work	O
and	O
accomplishment	O
from	O
them	O
after	O
offering	O
to	O
each	O
minister	O
what	O
he	O
needed	O
.	O


Because	O
we	O
are	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
months	O
,	O
it	O
became	O
a	O
duty	O
to	O
monitor	O
this	O
ministry	O
by	O
many	O
authorities	O
,	O
not	O
only	O
the	B-ORG
Surveillance	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
this	O
budget	O
requires	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
a	O
ministry	O
concerned	O
with	O
monitoring	O
and	O
surveillance	O
,	O
and	O
consequently	O
holding	O
accountable	O
.	O


Let	O
its	O
creation	O
happen	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
cabinet	O
formation	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
enjoys	O
a	O
commitment	O
of	O
transparency	O
and	O
accountability	O
.	O


How	O
nice	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
if	O
the	O
strategy	O
of	O
this	O
surveillance	O
authority	O
were	O
centered	O
around	O
the	O
following	O
question	O
:	O
where	O
will	O
this	O
be	O
spent	O
after	O
programming	O
the	O
spending	O
mechanisms	O
and	O
reviewing	O
plans	O
and	O
programs	O
and	O
projects	O
for	O
which	O
this	O
major	O
budget	O
was	O
allocated	O
?	O


And	O
how	O
nice	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
if	O
its	O
disbursement	O
were	O
scheduled	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
projects	O
and	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
their	O
implementation	O
provided	O
that	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
each	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
it	O
presents	O
an	O
estimated	O
budget	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
along	O
with	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
what	O
was	O
spent	O
from	O
the	O
previous	O
budget	O
,	O
which	O
of	O
course	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
spent	O
all	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
year	O
,	O
because	O
some	O
major	O
projects	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
completed	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
year	O
and	O
need	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
so	O
we	O
can	O
see	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
land	O
of	O
reality	O
.	O


Through	O
this	O
mechanism	O
no	O
ministry	O
will	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
ask	O
annually	O
for	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
its	O
budget	O
if	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
submit	O
a	O
report	O
showing	O
where	O
and	O
how	O
of	O
the	O
money	O
was	O
spent	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
projects	O
are	O
not	O
completed	O
during	O
the	O
year	B-DATE
,	O
then	O
let	O
the	O
current	O
budget	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
remaining	O
part	O
of	O
it	O
,	O
be	O
carried	O
forward	O
,	O
until	O
these	O
projects	O
for	O
which	O
this	O
large	O
budget	O
was	O
allocated	O
are	O
completed	O
.	O


And	O
let	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
tasks	O
of	O
this	O
ministry	O
which	O
we	O
hope	O
will	O
be	O
established	O
be	O
monitoring	O
all	O
this	O
and	O
taking	O
severely	O
to	O
task	O
any	O
ministry	O
that	O
hoards	O
one	B-CARDINAL
budget	O
after	O
another	O
while	O
releasing	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
news	O
about	O
which	O
we	O
do	O
not	O
see	O
any	O
reality	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
,	O
as	O
our	O
wise	O
government	O
and	O
our	O
citizens	O
wanted	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
all	O
-LRB-	O
in	O
concern	O
a	O
country	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
despite	O
differences	O
in	O
our	O
inclinations	O
and	O
desires	O
,	O
we	O
all	O
love	O
and	O
are	O
concerned	O
about	O
this	O
homeland	O
.	O


The	O
Saudi	B-NORP
family	O
under	O
the	O
leadership	O
of	O
our	O
wise	O
government	O
has	O
every	O
right	O
to	O
monitor	O
,	O
hold	O
to	O
account	O
,	O
and	O
control	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
projects	O
.	O


National	O
responsibility	O
demands	O
that	O
we	O
workers	O
in	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
types	O
of	O
mass	O
media	O
--	O
watched	O
,	O
listened	O
to	O
,	O
and	O
read	O
--	O
demand	O
that	O
the	O
leadership	O
have	O
a	O
suitable	O
entourage	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
follow	O
up	O
all	O
cases	O
of	O
deficiency	O
and	O
dereliction	O
and	O
forcefully	O
point	O
them	O
out	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
negligent	O
people	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
negligent	O
and	O
the	O
sloppy	O
people	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
sloppy	O
.	O


In	O
that	O
way	O
we	O
will	O
monitor	O
all	O
the	O
groundbreaking	O
achievements	O
which	O
these	O
ministries	O
also	O
make	O
,	O
and	O
shed	O
light	O
on	O
them	O
while	O
presenting	O
positive	O
media	O
support	O
.	O


With	O
such	O
monitoring	O
and	O
care	O
,	O
we	O
serve	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
its	O
treasures	O
,	O
first	O
among	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


Through	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
serve	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
its	O
government	O
,	O
which	O
this	O
year	O
released	O
the	O
largest	O
budget	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
30	B-CARDINAL
years	O
,	O


This	O
is	O
clear	O
evidence	O
that	O
our	O
not	O
being	O
drained	O
financially	O
and	O
not	O
suffering	O
human	O
losses	O
in	O
various	O
wars	O
has	O
provided	O
our	O
country	O
with	O
a	O
budget	O
like	O
this	O
one	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
spent	O
on	O
the	O
redevelopment	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
its	O
sons	O
in	O
all	O
aspects	O
of	O
life	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
masters	O
--	O
the	O
residents	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
--	O
monitored	O
our	O
budget	O
and	O
had	O
hopes	O
for	O
it	O
--	O
the	O
evidence	O
for	O
that	O
is	O
Rice	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
,	O
who	O
stopped	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
after	O
a	O
recommendation	O
by	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Lantos	I-PERSON
,	O
Chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
in	O
the	B-ORG
U.	I-ORG
S.	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Representatives	I-ORG
,	O
who	O
set	O
up	O
an	O
accountability	O
session	O
for	O
her	O
and	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
team	O
working	O
with	O
her	O
to	O
discuss	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
new	O
crumbling	O
strategy	O
-LRB-	O
which	O
they	O
called	O
"	O
escalating	O
"	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
money	O
and	O
children	O
will	O
be	O
spent	O
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON
asked	O
Rice	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
Why	O
do	O
,	O
the	O
countries	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Arabian	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
pay	O
?	O
"	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
forget	O
to	O
have	O
Egypt	B-GPE
also	O
offer	O
its	O
sons	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
soldiers	O
,	O
claiming	O
that	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
civil	O
war	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
this	O
civil	O
war	O
continues	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
ones	O
to	O
be	O
harmed	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
countries	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Arabian	I-LOC
Gulf	I-LOC
.	O


Their	O
arrogance	O
is	O
amazing	O
.	O


Are	O
they	O
not	O
pleased	O
that	O
our	O
economic	O
condition	O
has	O
recovered	O
and	O
God	O
has	O
favored	O
us	O
with	O
this	O
abundant	O
good	O
?	O


We	O
will	O
witness	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
bargaining	O
after	O
the	O
arrival	O
of	O
the	O
well	O
-	O
regarded	O
Rice	B-PERSON
who	O
certainly	O
visited	O
the	O
occupying	O
entity	O
and	O
arranged	O
a	O
new	O
game	O
with	O
it	O
called	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
state	O
to	O
entice	O
us	O
to	O
support	O
it	O
materially	O
and	O
morally	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
worth	O
mentioning	O
that	O
in	O
his	O
speech	O
Bush	B-PERSON
criticized	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Maliki	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
Rice	B-PERSON
with	O
the	O
same	O
tone	O
and	O
language	O
during	O
her	O
last	B-ORDINAL
meeting	O
with	O
her	O
colleague	O
the	O
Zionist	B-NORP
foreign	O
minister	O
where	O
she	O
criticized	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Maliki	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
relieved	O
of	O
his	O
post	O
as	O
another	O
step	O
to	O
entice	O
the	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
,	O
specifically	O
those	O
who	O
crave	O
its	O
budget	O
surplus	O
to	O
spend	O
it	O
on	O
their	O
mistakes	O
and	O
adventures	O
in	O
power	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
,	O
unfortunately	O
,	O
steps	O
which	O
find	O
those	O
who	O
follow	O
them	O
,	O
monitor	O
them	O
,	O
scrutinize	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
document	O
them	O
in	O
this	O
article	O
.	O


Let	O
us	O
return	O
once	O
more	O
to	O
the	O
accountability	O
of	O
ministries	O
.	O


By	O
this	O
means	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
hold	O
companies	O
accountable	O
because	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
ask	O
any	O
particular	O
ministry	O
to	O
monitor	O
,	O
hold	O
to	O
account	O
,	O
and	O
make	O
answerable	O
the	O
public	O
and	O
private	O
companies	O
.	O


The	O
ministry	O
has	O
nothing	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
prosecution	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
condition	O
of	O
ministries	O
is	O
good	O
,	O
the	O
condition	O
of	O
the	O
companies	O
that	O
follow	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
good	O
.	O


This	O
confirms	O
that	O
partnership	O
between	O
the	O
public	O
and	O
private	O
sectors	O
which	O
we	O
are	O
always	O
demanding	O
will	O
not	O
come	O
into	O
being	O
unless	O
we	O
hold	O
everyone	O
accountable	O
and	O
all	O
parties	O
agree	O
to	O
serve	O
the	O
country	O
with	O
the	O
instructions	O
of	O
the	O
noble	O
Book	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
the	O
honored	O
Sunna	B-LAW
of	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
Prophet	I-LAW
.	O


In	O
conclusion	O
:	O
It	O
is	O
now	O
time	O
to	O
sit	O
together	O
at	O
the	O
table	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


The	O
heart	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
is	O
wider	O
than	O
all	O
the	O
places	O
in	O
the	O
universe	O
.	O


munakafa@yahoo.com	O


http://www.alyaum.com/issue/page.php?IN=12271&P=4	O


I	O
pray	O
to	O
God	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
my	O
name	O
always	O
.	O


abusilm@maktoob.com	O


Nassim	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ward	I-PERSON


Yes	O
,	O
with	O
true	O
citizenship	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
wish	O
she	O
would	O
organize	O
her	O
thoughts	O
.	O


The	O
budget	O
issue	O
is	O
not	O
as	O
I	O
understood	O
from	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
carrying	O
forward	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
was	O
amazed	O
at	O
her	O
mockery	O
of	O
the	O
black	O
hag	O
.	O


He	O
writes	O
with	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Muarraf	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
respectful	O
persons	O
-LRB-	O
may	O
Allah	O
reward	O
them	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


salh1	O


May	O
your	O
right	O
hand	O
never	O
be	O
paralyzed	O
,	O
Nurah	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
soundness	O
of	O
the	O
creed	O
is	O
the	O
address	O
of	O
happiness	O
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hawi	I-PERSON


No	O
seminars	O
are	O
held	O
calling	O
for	O
the	O
accountability	O
of	O
the	O
ministries	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
simply	O
answerable	O
originally	O
.	O


Their	O
violation	O
of	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
accountability	O
which	O
are	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
governmental	O
work	O
is	O
nothing	O
but	O
a	O
deviation	O
from	O
the	O
normal	O
course	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
deformation	O
of	O
the	O
position	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
in	O
.	O


In	O
truth	O
some	O
business	O
organizations	O
have	O
surpassed	O
their	O
abilities	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
established	O
answerable	O
business	O
environment	O
enjoying	O
candor	O
,	O
transparency	O
,	O
and	O
accountability	O
surpassing	O
the	O
governmental	O
organizations	O
...	O


I	O
ask	O
forgiveness	O
from	O
Almighty	O
God	O


Natiq	B-PERSON
Khayr	I-PERSON


Nassim	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ward	I-PERSON


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
passing	O
by	O
.	O


Hissa	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Aoun	I-PERSON
is	O
a	O
distinguished	O
writer	O
and	O
speaker	O
.	O


In	O
following	O
what	O
she	O
writes	O
and	O
says	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
noticed	O
she	O
has	O
a	O
lofty	O
goal	O
which	O
she	O
is	O
working	O
on	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
her	O
thoughts	O
and	O
writings	O
are	O
organized	O
.	O


I	O
pray	O
to	O
God	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
my	O
name	O
always	O
.	O


abusilm@maktoob.com	O


The	O
Saudi	B-NORP
system	O
acts	O
arbitrarily	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
law	O


Asaad	B-PERSON


I	O
did	O
not	O
read	O
the	O
article	O
.	O


=======	O


The	O
annual	O
report	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
in	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Arabian	I-ORG
Peninsula	I-ORG
:	O


6/01/2007	B-DATE


London	B-GPE
-	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Quds	I-ORG
Al	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
'Arabi	I-ORG
"	O
from	O
Ahmed	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
masri	I-PERSON
:	O


In	O
the	O
opinion	O
of	O
the	O
annual	O
report	O
issued	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Human	I-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
in	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Arabian	I-ORG
Peninsula	I-ORG
what	O
facilitates	O
the	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
system	O
's	O
abuses	O
of	O
human	O
rights	O
is	O
the	O
set	O
of	O
governmental	O
administrative	O
regulations	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
based	O
on	O
justice	O
and	O
equality	O
,	O
and	O
which	O
are	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
structure	O
that	O
is	O
far	O
removed	O
from	O
legal	O
accountability	O
,	O
be	O
it	O
to	O
independent	O
international	O
organizations	O
or	O
local	O
civil	O
groups	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
makes	O
the	O
system	O
act	O
arbitrarily	O
.	O


The	O
2006	B-DATE
report	O
on	O
human	O
rights	O
abuses	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Arabian	I-LOC
Peninsula	I-LOC
prepared	O
by	O
the	O
committee	O
,	O
criticized	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-GPE
's	O
lack	O
of	O
a	O
constitution	O
regulating	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
stating	O
that	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
regime	O
missed	O
a	O
fundamental	O
element	O
on	O
which	O
any	O
political	O
system	O
is	O
based	O
.	O


This	O
element	O
is	O
the	O
constitution	O
which	O
regulates	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
and	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
the	O
ruler	O
and	O
the	O
ruled	O
at	O
various	O
levels	O
.	O


Thus	O
far	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
written	O
constitution	O
for	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


It	O
added	O
that	O
Saudi	B-NORP
laws	O
are	O
not	O
written	O
down	O
and	O
are	O
obscure	O
,	O
and	O
despite	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
basic	O
law	O
deals	O
with	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
legal	O
issues	O
,	O
nevertheless	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
constitution	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
also	O
criticized	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-GPE
's	O
legal	O
system	O
,	O
pointing	O
out	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Supreme	I-ORG
Judicial	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
appoints	O
judges	O
,	O
posts	O
them	O
and	O
dismisses	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Justice	I-ORG
also	O
holds	O
judges	O
accountable	O
.	O


It	O
deemed	O
that	O
the	O
judges	O
are	O
not	O
independent	O
and	O
are	O
subject	O
to	O
pressures	O
from	O
senior	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
ruling	O
family	O
and	O
from	O
senior	O
government	O
officials	O
to	O
influence	O
their	O
decisions	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
the	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
public	O
and	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
royal	O
family	O
are	O
not	O
actually	O
equal	O
before	O
the	O
judicial	O
system	O
.	O


In	O
its	O
opinion	O
the	O
government	O
has	O
continued	O
to	O
commit	O
serious	O
violations	O
.	O


The	O
restrictions	O
imposed	O
on	O
the	O
media	O
and	O
the	O
internet	O
have	O
also	O
continued	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
repression	O
of	O
minorities	O
,	O
especially	O
of	O
the	O
Shia	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Ismailis	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
government	O
has	O
continued	O
to	O
ignore	O
the	O
wish	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
for	O
a	O
responsible	O
government	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
held	O
accountable	O
and	O
questioned	O
.	O


It	O
accused	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-GPE
of	O
using	O
the	O
law	O
as	O
a	O
repressive	O
political	O
weapon	O
or	O
tool	O
against	O
the	O
society	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
is	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
individual	O
's	O
human	O
rights	O
from	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


In	O
its	O
opinion	O
,	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
criminal	O
justice	O
system	O
facilitates	O
detainees	O
being	O
exposed	O
to	O
harm	O
during	O
the	O
period	O
they	O
are	O
in	O
custody	O
and	O
under	O
investigation	O
,	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
this	O
being	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
judicial	O
supervision	O
.	O


What	O
makes	O
the	O
abuses	O
increasingly	O
grave	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
main	O
arresting	O
authorities	O
,	O
these	O
being	O
the	O
public	O
security	O
forces	O
,	O
the	O
public	O
investigation	O
forces	O
and	O
the	O
religious	O
police	O
,	O
do	O
not	O
fall	O
under	O
any	O
judicial	O
supervision	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
stressed	O
that	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
loopholes	O
in	O
the	O
basic	O
governing	O
system	O
is	O
its	O
failure	O
to	O
recognize	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
the	O
freedom	O
of	O
expression	O
and	O
belief	O
,	O
and	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
government	O
does	O
not	O
allow	O
political	O
parties	O
and	O
puts	O
stringent	O
restrictions	O
on	O
the	O
freedom	O
of	O
expression	O
.	O


It	O
brought	O
to	O
attention	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
citizens	O
banned	O
from	O
traveling	O
abroad	O
for	O
political	O
reasons	O
has	O
exceeded	O
14	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
.	O


It	O
added	O
that	O
reports	O
estimate	O
an	B-CARDINAL
approximate	I-CARDINAL
6	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
Shiite	B-NORP
citizens	O
from	O
the	B-LOC
Eastern	I-LOC
Region	I-LOC
,	O
Medina	B-GPE
and	O
Najran	B-GPE
are	O
banned	O
from	O
leaving	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Passports	O
are	O
being	O
confiscated	O
without	O
a	O
court	O
order	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
reasons	O
for	O
confiscation	O
-	O
from	O
traveling	O
to	O
Iran	B-GPE
to	O
other	O
unknown	O
reasons	O
.	O


The	O
report	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
basic	O
governance	O
system	O
does	O
not	O
recognize	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
peaceful	O
assembly	O
,	O
considering	O
that	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
regime	O
puts	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
difficulties	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
the	O
religious	O
,	O
cultural	O
and	O
educational	O
activities	O
of	O
the	O
Shiites	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
report	O
accused	O
the	O
Saudi	B-GPE
regime	O
of	O
banning	O
Shiites	B-NORP
from	O
job	O
opportunities	O
in	O
administration	O
of	O
public	O
schools	O
,	O
adding	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
bans	O
teaching	O
any	O
religious	O
books	O
in	O
schools	O
and	O
universities	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
Hanabali	B-NORP
and	O
does	O
not	O
present	O
any	O
Shafii	B-NORP
,	O
Maliki	B-NORP
or	O
Shiite	B-NORP
opinions	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
religious	O
instruction	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
not	O
allow	O
non-Hanabali	B-NORP
clerics	O
to	O
teach	O
their	O
doctorines	O
.	O


It	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
controls	O
religious	O
education	O
and	O
the	O
public	O
and	O
private	O
schools	O
from	O
basic	O
through	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
university	O
stages	O
,	O
where	O
all	O
the	O
religious	O
and	O
history	O
books	O
are	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
interpretation	O
of	O
the	O
official	O
doctorine	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
not	O
include	O
any	O
views	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
Sunni	B-NORP
sects	O
and	O
the	O
Shiites	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
textbooks	O
.	O


--	O


Riyadh	B-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
Nejd	I-PERSON


Asaad	B-PERSON
,	O
why	O
do	O
you	O
specialize	O
in	O
copying	O
everything	O
that	O
is	O
against	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
?	O


Is	O
this	O
its	O
reward	O
for	O
supporting	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
people	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
want	O
her	O
to	O
rule	O
with	O
positivist	O
law	O
instead	O
of	O
God	O
's	O
book	O
?	O


These	O
people	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
satisfied	O
with	O
us	O
until	O
we	O
follow	O
their	O
denomination	O
.	O


God	O
have	O
mercy	O
on	O
him	O
whose	O
faults	O
have	O
distracted	O
him	O
from	O
seeing	O
the	O
faults	O
of	O
others	O
.	O


God	O
grant	O
success	O
to	O
all	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
Rejoicer	I-PERSON


I	O
wish	O
that	O
you	O
were	O
more	O
logical	O
,	O
my	O
dear	O
brother	O
...	O


You	O
downloaded	O
the	O
subject	O
without	O
reading	O
as	O
you	O
mentioned	O
,	O
just	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
against	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
.	O


I	O
do	O
not	O
declare	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
free	O
from	O
wrong	O
-	O
doing	O
;	O
it	O
has	O
faults	O
like	O
others	O
and	O
we	O
wish	O
they	O
would	O
be	O
eradicated	O
.	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
good	O
,	O
my	O
dear	O
brother	O
,	O
if	O
these	O
are	O
your	O
positions	O
,	O
especially	O
as	O
you	O
post	O
good	O
articles	O
about	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
issue	O
and	O
Hamas	B-ORG
...	O


By	O
doing	O
this	O
and	O
quoting	O
the	O
buzzing	O
of	O
the	O
Rafida	B-PERSON
and	O
others	O
causes	O
the	O
fair	O
reader	O
to	O
react	O
to	O
the	O
issues	O
that	O
you	O
bring	O
up	O
and	O
the	O
subjects	O
which	O
you	O
raise	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
reflects	O
negatively	O
on	O
the	O
subjects	O
of	O
beloved	O
Palestine	B-GPE
and	O
Hamas	B-ORG
..	O


By	O
doing	O
this	O
you	O
are	O
transmitting	O
an	O
aversion	O
,	O
which	O
you	O
might	O
not	O
feel	O
;	O
and	O
aversion	O
between	O
all	O
the	O
Saudis	B-NORP
and	O
Hamas	B-ORG
and	O
Palestine	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
word	O
is	O
integrity	O
.	O


Asaad	B-PERSON


Upon	O
you	O
be	O
peace	O
and	O
the	O
mercy	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


I	O
download	O
everything	O
I	O
find	O
before	O
me	O
about	O
Saudi	B-PERSON
Arabia	I-PERSON
in	O
the	O
Al	B-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Quds	I-WORK_OF_ART
Al	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Arabi	I-WORK_OF_ART
newspaper	O
which	O
is	O
blocked	O
on	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
internet	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
overwhelming	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
readers	O
of	O
the	O
forum	O
are	O
Saudi	B-NORP
and	O
they	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
read	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
read	O
this	O
article	O
has	O
exceeded	O
1600	B-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


You	O
must	O
not	O
get	O
upset	O
about	O
the	O
copying	O
of	O
these	O
articles	O
,	O
because	O
you	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
read	O
those	O
who	O
praise	O
you	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
curse	O
you	O
.	O


My	O
position	O
on	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
is	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
written	O
praising	O
it	O
for	O
its	O
position	O
towards	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
people	O
and	O
their	O
prime	O
minister	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
times	O
.	O


Sultan	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hakr	I-PERSON


Asaad	B-PERSON
:	O
you	O
specialize	O
in	O
defending	O
the	O
Rafida	B-PERSON
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
places	O
.	O


Look	O
at	O
the	O
evidence	O
from	O
your	O
article	O
,	O
"	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
repression	O
of	O
the	O
Shia	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Ismaili	B-NORP
minorities	O
,	O
"	O


"	O
It	O
added	O
that	O
reports	O
estimate	O
an	B-CARDINAL
approximate	I-CARDINAL
6	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
Shiite	B-NORP
citizens	O
from	O
the	B-LOC
Eastern	I-LOC
Region	I-LOC
,	O
Medina	B-GPE
and	O
Najran	B-GPE
are	O
banned	O
from	O
leaving	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Passports	O
are	O
being	O
confiscated	O
without	O
a	O
court	O
order	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
reasons	O
for	O
confiscation	O
-	O
from	O
traveling	O
to	O
Iran	B-GPE
to	O
other	O
unknown	O
reasons	O
.	O
"	O


"	O
The	O
report	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
basic	O
governance	O
system	O
does	O
not	O
recognize	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
peaceful	O
assembly	O
,	O
considering	O
that	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
regime	O
puts	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
difficulties	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
the	O
religious	O
,	O
cultural	O
and	O
educational	O
activities	O
of	O
the	O
Shiites	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-GPE
.	O
"	O


This	O
is	O
also	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
your	O
articles	O
which	O
you	O
copied	O
to	O
defame	O
those	O
you	O
call	O
Wahabis	B-NORP


http://alsaha.fares.net/sahat?128@91.sd1NcTEBAaa.32@.3ba99db5	O
.	O


Asaad	B-PERSON
:	O
The	O
Shia	B-NORP
must	O
submit	O
to	O
the	O
constitution	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
in	O
which	O
they	O
live	O
and	O
our	O
constitution	O
is	O
Islam	B-ORG
.	O


To	O
write	O
to	O
me	O
:	O
http://sultan5.arabform.com	O


The	B-PERSON
one	I-PERSON
taking	I-PERSON
refuge	I-PERSON
in	I-PERSON
God	I-PERSON


I	O
have	O
been	O
following	O
your	O
writings	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
,	O
Asaad	B-PERSON
..	O


And	O
whenever	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
write	O
a	O
reply	O
,	O
I	O
change	O
my	O
mind	O
..	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
know	O
why	O
most	O
of	O
your	O
contributions	O
are	O
about	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
only	O
?	O


As	O
regards	O
what	O
you	O
said	O
about	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
your	O
copying	O
of	O
this	O
news	O
in	O
your	O
reply	O
no.	O
3.	B-CARDINAL
Saudis	B-NORP
and	O
others	O
can	O
access	O
this	O
newspaper	O
..	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
main	O
and	O
convincing	O
reason	O
.	O


I	O
thank	O
my	O
brother	O
,	O
the	O
Rejoicer	B-PERSON
,	O
for	O
his	O
reply	O
,	O
he	O
wrote	O
what	O
was	O
on	O
my	O
mind	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Fear	O
God	O
wherever	O
you	O
may	O
be	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
very	O
easy	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
use	O
Islam	B-ORG
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
difficult	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
serve	O
Islam	B-ORG
.	O


alebda@msn.com	O


Yaser	B-PERSON
1	I-PERSON


"	O
I	O
download	O
everything	O
I	O
find	O
before	O
me	O
about	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
in	O
the	O
Al	B-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Quds	I-WORK_OF_ART
Al	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Arabi	I-WORK_OF_ART
newspaper	O
which	O
is	O
blocked	O
on	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
internet	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
overwhelming	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
readers	O
of	O
the	O
forum	O
are	O
Saudi	B-NORP
and	O
they	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
read	O
.	O
"	O


So	O
according	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
opened	O
us	O
a	O
window	O
for	O
fresh	O
air	O
?	O


Brother	O
Asaad	B-PERSON
,	O
Atwan	B-PERSON
's	O
newspaper	O
is	O
contaminated	O
so	O
be	O
careful	O
against	O
continually	O
passing	O
on	O
the	O
anthrax	O
disease	O
,	O
The	O
jar	O
wo	O
n't	O
survive	O
each	O
drop	O
.	O
Even	O
if	O
you	O
were	O
its	O
correspondent	O
and	O
distributor	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
the	O
articles	O
of	O
the	O
mercenary	O
Ahmed	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Masri	I-PERSON
specifically	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
nest	O
of	O
the	O
haters	O
from	O
amongst	O
the	O
collaborators	O
and	O
the	O
Khwarij	B-NORP
who	O
are	O
being	O
directed	O
by	O
hostile	O
parties	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
want	O
anything	O
good	O
for	O
this	O
country	O
and	O
its	O
people	O
.	O


We	O
continually	O
ask	O
:	O
what	O
does	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
instigator	O
of	O
the	B-LAW
Balfour	I-LAW
Declaration	I-LAW
,	O
benefit	O
from	O
hosting	O
to	O
Atwan	B-PERSON
?	O


What	O
are	O
his	O
supernatural	O
abilities	O
that	O
enable	O
him	O
to	O
spend	O
on	O
his	O
wretched	O
newspaper	O
,	O
the	O
circulation	O
of	O
which	O
does	O
not	O
cover	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
the	O
ink	O
!?	O
Together	O
with	O
the	O
costs	O
of	O
his	O
accommodation	O
,	O
insurance	O
,	O
children	O
and	O
car	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
nice	O
if	O
you	O
supplied	O
us	O
with	O
a	O
fiery	O
article	O
by	O
Atwan	B-PERSON
against	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Blair	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
statements	O
on	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
war	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
sectarian	O
war	O
.	O


Man	O
..	O
the	O
likes	O
of	O
him	O
who	O
live	O
in	O
a	O
country	O
that	O
gave	O
away	O
his	O
homeland	O
to	O
the	O
Jews	B-NORP
;	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
lowest	O
degree	O
of	O
expressing	O
loathing	O
.	O


Our	O
Lord	O
!	O
Give	O
us	O
mercy	O
from	O
Thy	O
presence	O
,	O
and	O
shape	O
for	O
us	O
right	O
conduct	O
in	O
our	O
plight	O
..	O


Stay	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
sophisms	O
of	O
the	B-PERSON
Black	I-PERSON
Bat	I-PERSON
and	O
read	O
the	O
opinion	O
of	O
Salman	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ouda	I-PERSON
on	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
.	O


The	B-PERSON
Arabized	I-PERSON
Arabs	I-PERSON


The	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
Sheikh	O
Salman	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Oadah	I-PERSON
in	O
his	O
fair	O
talk	O
about	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
,	O
his	O
trial	O
and	O
execution	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
brutal	O
manner	O
,	O
crossed	O
the	O
t's	O
and	O
dotted	O
the	O
i's	O
.	O
and	O
put	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
the	O
argument	O
regarding	O
the	O
deeds	O
of	O
this	O
man	O


Here	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
Sheikh	B-PERSON
said	O
as	O
quoted	O
from	O
his	O
website	O
Islam	B-WORK_OF_ART
Today	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	O
--	O


Then	O
His	B-PERSON
Excellency	I-PERSON
was	O
asked	O
about	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
president	O
,	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON


He	O
responded	O
that	O
"	O
he	O
was	O
greatly	O
sympathized	O
with	O
by	O
the	O
Arabs	B-NORP
and	O
Moslems	B-NORP
as	O
his	O
execution	O
came	O
at	O
an	O
outstanding	O
time	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
asked	O
to	O
chosen	O
a	O
time	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
found	O
a	O
better	O
and	O
more	O
outstanding	O
one	O
than	O
this	O
one	O
.	O


and	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
a	B-NORP
Sunni	I-NORP
Moslem	I-NORP
from	O
the	O
community	O
of	O
Moslems	B-NORP
and	O
that	O
he	O
prounounced	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Testimony	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Truth	I-WORK_OF_ART
at	O
the	O
last	O
moment	O
of	O
his	O
life	O
.	O


So	O
may	O
God	O
have	O
mercy	O
on	O
him	O
and	O
may	O
God	O
's	O
forgive	O
us	O
and	O
him	O
.	O


As	O
it	O
is	O
said	O
in	O
the	O
Hadith	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
whose	O
last	O
words	O
in	O
this	O
world	O
were	O
'	O
There	O
is	O
no	O
God	O
but	O
God	O
'	O
will	O
enter	O
paradise	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
quoted	O
the	O
hadith	O
of	O
Ibn	B-PERSON
Masud	I-PERSON
in	O
Sahih	B-WORK_OF_ART
al	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bukhari	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	O
"	O
a	O
man	O
amongst	O
you	O
may	O
do	O
evil	O
deeds	O
till	O
there	O
is	O
only	O
a	O
cubit	O
between	O
him	O
and	O
the	O
Hell	O
Fire	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
what	O
has	O
been	O
written	O
for	O
him	O
decides	O
his	O
behavior	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
starts	O
doing	O
deeds	O
characteristic	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Paradise	O
.	O
"	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
added	O
that	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
was	O
not	O
tried	O
by	O
a	O
legal	O
or	O
Sharia	B-LAW
court	O
but	O
by	O
a	O
sectarian	O
court	O
.	O


http://www.islamtoday.net/pen/show_articles_content.cfm?id=64&catid=195&artid=8476	O


This	O
handle	O
was	O
passed	O
to	O
another	O
person	O
...	O


al_arabmsb@hotmail.com	O


The	B-PERSON
Windy	I-PERSON


By	O
God	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
with	O
subjects	O
such	O
as	O
these	O
that	O
you	O
lose	O
more	O
than	O
you	O
gain	O
.	O


"	O
Thought	O
is	O
integrity	O
and	O
pompous	O
rhetorical	O
writing	O
is	O
vanity	O
,	O
so	O
chose	O
which	O
ever	O
you	O
want	O
"	O


The	O
Revivalist	O
Youth	O


......	O


The	O
title	O
is	O
very	O
bad	O


Salman	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Oadah	I-PERSON
made	O
a	O
general	O
statement	O
that	O
even	O
the	O
Black	B-PERSON
Bat	I-PERSON
himself	O
agreed	O
with	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
the	O
talk	O
is	O
about	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
himself	O
and	O
his	O
deeds	O
-	O
or	O
rather	O
say	O
his	O
crimes	O
-	O
no	O
two	B-CARDINAL
people	O
differ	O
about	O
him	O
deserving	O
liquidation	O
and	O
execution	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
contemplate	O
the	O
way	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
was	O
tried	O
and	O
the	O
mechanism	O
for	O
carrying	O
out	O
the	O
sentence	O
and	O
the	O
interfering	O
and	O
controlling	O
Rafida	O
hand	O
in	O
this	O
aspect	O
so	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
only	O
tried	O
for	O
his	O
case	O
against	O
the	O
Shia	B-NORP
.	O


I	O
acknowledge	O
his	O
manliness	O
,	O
his	O
steadfastness	O
and	O
his	O
courage	O
in	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
gallows	O
and	O
his	O
response	O
to	O
those	O
around	O
him	O
.	O


I	O
rejoiced	O
greatly	O
that	O
he	O
ended	O
his	O
life	O
with	O
stating	O
the	O
creed	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
make	O
me	O
consider	O
him	O
a	O
martyred	O
hero	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
history	O
bears	O
witness	O
to	O
tyranny	O
and	O
injustice	O
!!!	O


......	O


For	O
speedy	O
correspondence	O
...	O


at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
night	O
come	O
prostration	O
in	O
prayer	O
,	O
and	O
tears	O
on	O
both	O
cheeks	O
...	O
cares	O
are	O
removed	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
feverish	O
heart	O
is	O
eased	O
..	O


fataalsahwah@hotmail.com	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
Arabized	I-PERSON
Arabs	I-PERSON


Warm	O
welcome	O
to	O
the	O
brilliant	O
man	O
of	O
letters	O
,	O
the	O
loyal	O
patriot	O
and	O
the	O
genuine	O
Arab	B-NORP
,	O
Rabie	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hail	I-PERSON


May	O
God	O
make	O
your	O
days	B-DATE
happy	O
..	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
passing	O
by	O
..	O


This	O
handle	O
was	O
passed	O
to	O
another	O
person	O
..	O


al_arabmsb@hotmail.com	O


GS430	B-PERSON


May	O
God	O
have	O
mercy	O
on	O
"	B-PERSON
The	I-PERSON
Lion	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Nation	I-PERSON
"	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
glorious	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
.	O


God	O
,	O
do	O
not	O
make	O
us	O
nor	O
any	O
of	O
our	O
descendants	O
,	O
misguided	O
or	O
misguiding	O
others	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
Arabized	I-PERSON
Arabs	I-PERSON


The	O
Jewel	B-PERSON
,	O
thank	O
you	O
for	O
this	O
comprehensive	O
and	O
erudite	O
reply	O
...	O


The	O
Windy	B-PERSON


If	O
only	O
you	O
would	O
clarify	O
how	O
we	O
lose	O
more	O
than	O
we	O
win	O
with	O
this	O
subject	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
mean	O
the	O
profits	O
and	O
losses	O
on	O
the	O
balance	O
sheets	O
of	O
this	O
world	O
or	O
the	O
balance	O
sheets	O
of	O
the	O
next	O
?	O


For	O
what	O
I	O
see	O
and	O
believe	O
is	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
in	O
what	O
I	O
said	O
profit	O
-	O
by	O
God	O
's	O
leave	O
-	O
in	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
worlds	O
.	O


Thank	O
your	O
for	O
your	O
obscure	O
contribution	O
..	O


This	O
handle	O
was	O
passed	O
to	O
another	O
person	O
..	O


al_arabmsb@hotmail.com	O


Abul	B-PERSON
Atahiya	I-PERSON


May	O
God	O
preserve	O
Sheikh	O
Salman	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Oadah	I-PERSON


And	O
may	O
God	O
preserve	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
brothers	O
-	O
the	B-PERSON
Black	I-PERSON
Bat	I-PERSON
and	O
the	B-PERSON
Arabized	I-PERSON
Arabs	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
disagreement	O
in	O
these	O
matters	O
continues	O
and	O
will	O
not	O
ruin	O
the	O
affection	O
between	O
friends	O
,	O
God	O
willing	O


Each	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
you	O
has	O
what	O
he	O
says	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
arguments	O
and	O
statements	O
of	O
the	O
scholars	O
.	O


May	O
God	O
have	O
mercy	O
on	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
and	O
forgive	O
us	O
and	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
served	O
the	O
Sunnis	B-NORP
with	O
his	O
death	O
,	O
may	O
God	O
have	O
mercy	O
on	O
him	O
,	O
on	O
that	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
and	O
in	O
that	O
way	O
,	O
by	O
showing	O
the	O
spite	O
of	O
those	O
Magians	B-NORP
.	O


Omar	B-PERSON
came	O
and	O
tore	O
down	O
the	O
throne	O
of	O
Xerxes	B-PERSON
...	O


And	O
spite	O
remained	O
the	O
religion	O
of	O
the	O
infidels	O
.	O


http://aaa102.arabform.com/	O
for	O
correspondence	O


Abu	B-PERSON
Kabun	I-PERSON


The	B-PERSON
Arabized	I-PERSON
Arabs	I-PERSON


Are	O
you	O
putting	O
the	O
Bat	B-PERSON
side	O
by	O
side	O
with	O
the	O
Rafida	B-PERSON
???	O


If	O
only	O
you	O
had	O
acquired	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Muaz	I-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Khaledi	I-PERSON
...	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
him	O
,	O
learn	O
about	O
him	O
.	O


e60006e@hotmail.com	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
God	O
but	O
God	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
Arabized	I-PERSON
Arabs	I-PERSON


The	B-PERSON
Revivalist	I-PERSON
Youth	I-PERSON
..	I-PERSON


The	O
opinions	O
of	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Oadah	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
or	O
the	O
Bat	B-PERSON
about	O
the	O
crimes	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
committed	O
during	O
his	O
life	O
do	O
not	O
concern	O
me	O
.	O


What	O
concerns	O
me	O
is	O
this	O
enormous	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
etiquette	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
when	O
talking	O
about	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
has	O
died	O
and	O
arrived	O
at	O
the	O
afterlife	O
..	O


See	O
how	O
polite	O
Sheikh	O
Salman	B-PERSON
is	O
in	O
his	O
talk	O
about	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
following	O
his	O
execution	O
?	O
And	O
how	O
he	O
refrained	O
from	O
disparaging	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
ended	O
his	O
life	O
bearing	O
witness	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
God	O
but	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
how	O
he	O
left	O
his	O
judgement	O
to	O
God	O
and	O
quoted	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Bukhari	I-PERSON
then	O
concluded	O
his	O
talk	O
by	O
praying	O
for	O
him	O
for	O
mercy	O
and	O
forgiveness	O
?	O


Compare	O
those	O
polite	O
words	O
arising	O
from	O
a	O
heart	O
beating	O
with	O
piety	O
and	O
righteousness	O
and	O
faith	O
and	O
the	O
harsh	O
statements	O
of	O
the	O
Bat	B-PERSON
about	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
after	O
his	O
death	O
on	O
which	O
he	O
kept	O
insisting	O
and	O
whose	O
arrogance	O
prevented	O
him	O
from	O
confessing	O
to	O
the	O
repulsive	O
and	O
perilous	O
error	O
to	O
which	O
his	O
arrogance	O
and	O
conceit	O
had	O
led	O
him	O
..	O


Here	O
is	O
revealed	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
scholars	O
and	O
the	O
clowns	O


This	O
handle	O
has	O
been	O
passed	O
to	O
another	O
person	O
...	O


al_arabmsb@hotmail.com	O


A	O
Word	O
of	O
Truth	O
from	O
Mahathir	B-PERSON
:	O
"	O
The	O
Execution	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
is	O
Public	O
Murder	O
.	O
"	O


Shakir	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Maarouf	I-PERSON


Abridged	O
/	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Diary	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Islam	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	O


The	O
former	O
Malaysian	B-NORP
prime	O
minister	O
,	O
Mahathir	B-PERSON
Mohamad	I-PERSON
,	O
considered	O
"	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
president	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
a	O
public	O
murder	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
condemned	O
the	O
broadcasting	O
of	O
the	O
execution	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
describing	O
it	O
as	O
"	O
a	O
travesty	O
of	O
justice	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
a	O
statement	O
published	O
by	O
the	O
Malaysian	B-NORP
news	O
agency	O
Bernama	B-ORG
,	O
Mahathir	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
execution	O
was	O
decided	O
by	O
war	O
criminals	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
President	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
prime	O
minister	O
,	O
Tony	B-PERSON
Blair	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
.	O
"	O


Mahathir	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
Defense	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Saddam	I-ORG
,	O
added	O
that	O
the	O
broadcasting	O
of	O
the	O
execution	O
"	O
intended	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
imperialist	O
power	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
"	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
a	O
warning	O
to	O
peace	O
supporters	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
to	O
either	O
prostrate	O
themselves	O
before	O
the	O
orders	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Bush	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
or	O
face	O
the	O
penalties	O
of	O
execution	O
without	O
a	O
legal	O
trial	O
.	O


The	O
prominent	O
Malaysian	B-NORP
official	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
execution	O
was	O
a	O
travesty	O
of	O
justice	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
defense	O
lawyer	O
was	O
brutally	O
murdered	O
,	O
the	O
witnesses	O
threatened	O
and	O
the	O
judges	O
stepped	O
down	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
integrity	O
and	O
were	O
replaced	O
with	O
collaborating	O
judges	O
.	O
"	O


"	O
Nevertheless	O
they	O
told	O
us	O
that	O
the	O
invasion	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
was	O
aimed	O
at	O
strengthening	O
democracy	O
,	O
freedom	O
and	O
justice	O
.	O
"	O


Mahathir	B-PERSON
was	O
violently	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
occupation	O
which	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
led	O
against	O
Iraq	B-GPE
in	O
2003	B-DATE
when	O
he	O
was	O
Malaysia	B-GPE
's	O
prime	O
minister	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
demanded	O
several	O
times	O
that	O
Bush	B-PERSON
and	O
Blair	B-PERSON
be	O
tried	O
for	O
their	O
crimes	O
.	O


http://www.almokhtsar.com/html/news/1413/2/65370.php	O


===	O
Comment	O
===	O


If	O
only	O
you	O
were	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
rulers	O
of	O
the	O
Gulf	B-LOC
states	O
,	O
Mahathir	B-PERSON
,	O
those	O
that	O
facilitated	O
for	O
America	B-GPE
-	O
foolishly	O
and	O
stupidly	O
-	O
the	O
mission	O
of	O
invading	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O
And	O
extended	O
a	O
helping	O
hand	O
to	O
it	O
to	O
destroy	O
its	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
its	O
economic	O
system	O
,	O
its	O
regime	O
and	O
community	O
life	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
Angry	I-PERSON
North	I-PERSON


The	O
statements	O
of	O
this	O
man	O
since	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
his	O
post	O
,	O
were	O
strong	O
and	O
clear	O
,	O
containing	O
neither	O
fear	O
nor	O
sycophancy	O
.	O


How	O
I	O
wish	O
Moslem	B-NORP
leaders	O
had	O
his	O
courage	O
and	O
his	O
sense	O
of	O
zeal	O
.	O


My	O
brother	O
,	O
the	O
oppressors	O
have	O
gone	O
too	O
far	O
...	O
so	O
Jihad	O
and	O
sacrifice	O
have	O
become	O
a	O
right	O


Saleh	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Musannad	I-PERSON


Even	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
we	O
thought	O
was	O
foolish	O
announced	O
mourning	O
on	O
Sadam	B-PERSON
's	O
death	O
.	O


Please	O
visit	O
the	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Falaq	I-ORG
site	O
just	O
by	O
clicking	O
on	O
the	O
slogan	O
www.alfalaq.com	O


To	O
write	O
to	O
us	O
:	O
alfalaq@hotmail.com	O


Mujahed	B-PERSON
2005	I-PERSON


To	O
raise	O
everything	O
if	O
omissions	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
mua4000@hotmail.com	O


Today	O
on	O
the	O
Mesopotamia	B-ORG
channel	O
they	O
brought	O
the	O
photo	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
in	O
the	O
coffin	O
before	O
burial	O
The	B-PERSON
coast	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
Jeddah	I-PERSON


The	O
photo	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
minutes	O
before	O
the	O
burial	O
was	O
clear	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
as	O
we	O
know	O
him	O
,	O
except	O
that	O
his	O
face	O
was	O
whiter	O
than	O
it	O
was	O
during	O
the	O
trial	O
...	O


The	O
person	O
who	O
lifted	O
the	O
cover	O
off	O
his	O
face	O
kissed	O
him	O
-LRB-	O
may	O
God	O
have	O
mercy	O
on	O
him	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


My	O
regards	O
.	O


No	O
matter	O
how	O
much	O
we	O
may	O
disagree	O
civility	O
remains	O
between	O
us	O
.	O


Peppermint	B-PERSON


May	O
God	O
have	O
mercy	O
on	O
him	O
..	O


Thank	O
you	O
,	O
brother	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
Coast	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
Jeddah	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


The	O
Shiites	B-NORP
are	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
..	O


Yes	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
the	B-ORG
-LRB-	I-ORG
White	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
..	O


May	O
every	O
Bairam	B-EVENT
come	O
and	O
your	O
scandals	O
be	O
abundant	O
,	O
if	O
God	O
wills	O
.	O


n33na33@hotmail.com	O
.	O


I	B-PERSON
am	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Arab	I-PERSON


I	O
hope	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
members	O
can	O
bring	O
us	O
this	O
photo	O
.	O


-----------	O


A	O
free	O
pen	O


ana_free11@hotmail.com	O


Concern	O
destroys	O
the	O
stout	O
with	O
wasting	O
away	O
***	O
and	O
it	O
makes	O
white	O
the	O
forelock	O
of	O
the	O
lad	O
and	O
makes	O
him	O
decrepit	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
In	O
this	O
user	O
he	O
writes	O
I	B-PERSON
am	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Arab	I-PERSON
,	O
free	O
pen	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
-RRB-	O


ana_alaraby@hotmail.com	O
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Wabal	I-PERSON


His	O
affair	O
is	O
with	O
God	O
who	O
is	O
the	O
wisest	O
of	O
judges	O
.	O


Are	O
we	O
responsible	O
for	O
whether	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
is	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Heaven	O
or	O
Hell	O
??	O


Why	O
are	O
we	O
not	O
preoccupied	O
with	O
ourselves	O
and	O
present	O
for	O
them	O
before	O
death	O
befalls	O
us	O
and	O
we	O
are	O
unaware	O
of	O
what	O
awaits	O
us	O
afterwards	O
!!?	O


What	O
should	O
be	O
mentioned	O
are	O
the	O
good	O
deeds	O
of	O
our	O
deceased	O
Muslims	B-NORP
only	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
not	O
utter	O
the	O
profession	O
of	O
faith	O
for	O
anyone	O
who	O
we	O
felt	O
friendly	O
towards	O
or	O
who	O
we	O
sympathized	O
with	O
.	O


Let	O
us	O
not	O
forget	O
the	O
uncle	O
of	O
the	O
Prophet	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
may	O
God	O
bless	O
him	O
and	O
grant	O
him	O
salvation	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Talib	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
his	O
death	O
in	O
unbelief	O
.	O


The	O
Prophet	O
eagerly	O
desired	O
that	O
his	O
final	O
deed	O
would	O
be	O
to	O
say	O
"	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
God	O
but	O
Allah	O
,	O
"	O
but	O
Almighty	O
God	O
guides	O
whoever	O
He	O
wishes	O
.	O


Oh	O
God	O
,	O
we	O
ask	O
you	O
for	O
a	O
good	O
end	O
.	O


Death	O
suffices	O
for	O
a	O
preacher	O
.	O


Jawa	B-PERSON


God	O
is	O
glorious	O
.	O


Emotion	O
is	O
still	O
the	O
thing	O
that	O
moves	O
us	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
facts	O
of	O
the	O
religion	O
by	O
necessity	O
..	O


We	O
are	O
not	O
saying	O
that	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
is	O
among	O
the	O
martyrs	O
who	O
are	O
worthy	O
of	O
honors	O
..	O
and	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
saying	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
pardoned	O
..	O


Who	O
is	O
it	O
that	O
makes	O
oaths	O
about	O
God	O
!	O


But	O
the	O
man	O
has	O
attained	O
what	O
he	O
reached	O
..	O


It	O
is	O
nonsense	O
to	O
occupy	O
this	O
place	O
by	O
narrating	O
honors	O
and	O
projecting	O
heroism	O
for	O
a	O
mere	O
emotional	O
situation	O
imposed	O
by	O
the	O
circumstances	O
of	O
his	O
execution	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
bigger	O
and	O
more	O
serious	O
than	O
this	O
..	O


I	O
do	O
not	O
belittle	O
the	O
circumstances	O
and	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
the	O
event	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
forbid	O
you	O
or	O
myself	O
from	O
discussing	O
it	O
..	O


But	O
:	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
seek	O
the	O
ruling	O
of	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
faith	O
and	O
refer	O
things	O
to	O
God	O
and	O
His	B-PERSON
Prophet	I-PERSON
in	O
every	O
incident	O
and	O
situation	O
so	O
our	O
positions	O
are	O
as	O
well	O
-	O
established	O
as	O
our	O
established	O
facts	O
..	O


May	O
God	O
bless	O
you	O
.	O


God	O
suffices	O
for	O
us	O
and	O
He	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
one	B-CARDINAL
to	O
trust	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
coast	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
Jeddah	I-PERSON


No	O
matter	O
how	O
much	O
we	O
may	O
disagree	O
civility	O
remains	O
between	O
us	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
coast	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
Jeddah	I-PERSON


Where	O
is	O
the	O
emotion	O
,	O
brother	O
Wabil	B-PERSON
?	O


And	O
you	O
,	O
Jawa	B-PERSON
?	O


You	O
are	O
bringing	O
this	O
speech	O
from	O
where	O
?	O


Who	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Heaven	O
or	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Hell	O
?	O


Really	O
,	O
just	O
eloquence	O
,	O
and	O
join	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
blonde	O
.	O


My	O
Regards	O
.	O


No	O
matter	O
how	O
much	O
we	O
may	O
disagree	O
civility	O
remains	O
between	O
us	O
.	O


Police	O
and	O
Investigation	O
Authority	O
Agreed	O
to	O
be	O
Unjust	O
to	O
this	O
Sheikh	O
/	O
His	O
Picture	O


Abd	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Rahman	I-PERSON
2002	I-PERSON


During	O
the	O
vacation	O
of	O
the	O
blessed	O
feast	O
of	O
Bairam	B-EVENT
for	O
the	O
year	O
1425	B-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
traveled	O
from	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
where	O
I	O
work	O
to	O
my	O
relatives	O
and	O
family	O
in	O
Wadi	B-GPE
al	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Dawasir	I-GPE
to	O
spend	O
my	O
vacation	O
with	O
them	O
happy	O
and	O
joyful	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
not	O
aware	O
of	O
what	O
fate	O
was	O
hiding	O
.	O


On	O
Monday	B-DATE
afternoon	I-DATE
on	I-DATE
13/12/1425	I-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
went	O
with	O
my	O
father	O
and	O
my	O
eldest	O
son	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Majid	I-ORG
Organization	I-ORG
to	O
sell	O
construction	O
materials	O
.	O
Since	O
my	O
father	O
is	O
building	O
a	O
villa	O
that	O
belongs	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


After	O
we	O
left	O
the	O
organization	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
security	O
men	O
standing	O
by	O
my	O
father	O
's	O
car	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
asked	O
them	O
,	O
they	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
car	O
was	O
wanted	O
.	O


So	O
my	O
father	O
ordered	O
me	O
to	O
go	O
in	O
the	O
car	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


My	O
father	O
took	O
the	O
child	O
to	O
his	O
home	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
police	O
station	O
I	O
found	O
a	O
captain	O
named	O
Butayhan	B-PERSON
Munir	I-PERSON
who	O
ordered	O
that	O
I	O
be	O
arrested	O
without	O
asking	O
me	O
any	O
questions	O
.	O


I	O
objected	O
to	O
that	O
asking	O
for	O
information	O
on	O
why	O
my	O
father	O
's	O
car	O
had	O
been	O
taken	O
and	O
the	O
reasons	O
for	O
my	O
arrest	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
captain	O
said	O
"	O
your	O
father	O
's	O
car	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O
"	O


I	O
asked	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
report	O
and	O
I	O
found	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
for	O
a	O
98	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
99	I-DATE
model	O
car	O
without	O
a	O
plate	O
number	O
.	O


I	O
explained	O
to	O
the	O
captain	O
and	O
informed	O
him	O
that	O
my	O
father	O
's	O
car	O
is	O
a	O
2002	B-DATE
model	O
and	O
its	O
plates	O
are	O
on	O
it	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
captain	O
said	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
reported	O
by	O
a	O
Sudanese	B-NORP
.	O


Upon	O
reviewing	O
the	O
report	O
of	O
the	O
Sudanese	B-NORP
I	O
found	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
about	O
a	O
car	O
whose	O
model	O
and	O
plate	O
number	O
were	O
not	O
specified	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
captain	O
insisted	O
on	O
his	O
position	O
and	O
quarreled	O
with	O
me	O
and	O
put	O
me	O
into	O
detention	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
,	O
a	O
call	O
was	O
made	O
to	O
the	O
governor	O
of	O
Wadi	B-GPE
al	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Dawasir	I-GPE
by	O
my	O
uncle	O
on	O
his	O
mobile	O
phone	O
,	O
"	O
later	O
my	O
lawyer	O
"	O
thinking	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
at	O
the	O
Wadi	B-LOC
,	O
and	O
an	O
argument	O
took	O
place	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
called	O
the	O
captain	O
and	O
told	O
him	O
to	O
put	O
him	O
into	O
the	O
cell	O
and	O
exert	O
pressure	O
on	O
him	O
till	O
he	O
confesses	O
.	O
Because	O
they	O
will	O
raise	O
a	O
complaint	O
against	O
us	O
,	O
if	O
his	O
detention	O
was	O
without	O
reason	O
.	O


That	O
evening	O
after	O
sunset	O
,	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
he	O
received	O
the	O
phone	O
call	O
from	O
the	O
governor	O
,	O
the	O
captain	O
took	O
me	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
detention	O
area	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
me	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
cell	O
and	O
beat	O
me	O
with	O
the	O
assistance	O
of	O
the	O
soldier	O
Yahya	B-PERSON
Maghfouri	I-PERSON
.	O


I	O
slapped	O
Captain	O
Butayhan	B-PERSON
on	O
his	O
face	O
in	O
return	O
for	O
his	O
beating	O
.	O


The	O
captain	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
lit	O
his	O
cigarette	O
,	O
and	O
said	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
put	O
it	O
out	O
in	O
your	O
eyes	O
.	O


I	O
said	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
.	O


He	O
took	O
me	O
into	O
a	O
dark	O
cell	O
with	O
no	O
water	O
or	O
electricity	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
the	O
know	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
Mecca	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
remained	O
in	O
it	O
for	O
seven	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
without	O
his	O
asking	O
me	O
my	O
name	O
,	O
or	O
writing	O
a	O
record	O
of	O
my	O
arrest	O
.	O


Visitors	O
were	O
prevented	O
from	O
seeing	O
me	O
.	O


He	O
kept	O
my	O
father	O
's	O
car	O
for	O
a	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
without	O
writing	O
a	O
confiscation	O
order	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
contrary	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
regulations	O
issued	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
interior	I-ORG
and	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
contrary	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
of	O
criminal	O
procedures	O
issued	O
by	O
the	O
monarchy	O
,	O
which	O
require	O
the	O
interrogation	O
of	O
the	O
detainee	O
within	O
24	B-DATE
hours	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
soon	O
as	O
the	O
captain	O
received	O
the	O
order	O
of	O
the	O
governor	O
,	O
everyone	O
coordinated	O
with	O
Lieutenant	O
Colonel	O
'Id	O
Matar	O
al	O
-	O
Nafi'i	O
to	O
bring	O
his	O
relative	O
,	O
the	O
aforementioned	O
person	O
who	O
filed	O
the	O
report	O
.	O


They	O
called	O
him	O
after	O
sunset	O
that	O
night	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
in	O
Khamis	B-GPE
Mashit	I-GPE
.	O


They	O
asked	O
him	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
them	O
immediately	O
because	O
the	O
reported	O
car	O
had	O
been	O
seized	O
.	O
And	O
the	O
reported	O
person	O
had	O
been	O
arrested	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
went	O
quickly	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
was	O
told	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


At	O
one	B-TIME
o'clock	I-TIME
at	I-TIME
night	I-TIME
"	O
he	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
captain	O
and	O
the	O
lieutenant	O
colonel	O
and	O
they	O
told	O
him	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
wearing	O
a	O
green	O
garment	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
detainees	O
were	O
awakened	O
.	O


He	O
took	O
me	O
out	O
of	O
my	O
cell	O
and	O
they	O
brought	O
their	O
puppet	O
veiled	O
so	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
recognized	O
,	O
because	O
he	O
knew	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
playing	O
a	O
nasty	O
role	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
hastily	O
"	O
the	O
one	O
in	O
the	O
green	O
garment	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
they	O
wrote	O
down	O
what	O
they	O
called	O
an	O
identification	O
statement	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
nothing	O
more	O
than	O
an	O
allegation	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
separated	O
from	O
all	O
the	O
conspiracy	O
and	O
fabrication	O
that	O
was	O
obvious	O
from	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
story	O
.	O


The	O
conspirators	O
felt	O
confident	O
with	O
their	O
plot	O
.	O


A	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
I	O
was	O
interrogated	O
.	O


I	O
denied	O
everything	O
I	O
had	O
been	O
charged	O
with	O
.	O


Then	O
they	O
showed	O
me	O
to	O
the	O
Sudanese	B-NORP
people	O
who	O
cleared	O
me	O
.	O


They	O
showed	O
them	O
my	O
father	O
's	O
car	O
and	O
they	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
the	O
one	O
.	O


Then	O
came	O
two	B-CARDINAL
witnesses	O
who	O
were	O
watching	O
the	O
chase	O
between	O
the	O
car	O
mentioned	O
in	O
the	O
report	O
of	O
Saud	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Nafi'i	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
car	O
.	O
The	O
Caprice	B-PRODUCT
.	O


They	O
testified	O
that	O
the	O
car	O
with	O
which	O
he	O
had	O
competed	O
was	O
a	O
98	B-DATE
model	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
his	O
report	O
.	O


They	O
showed	O
them	O
my	O
father	O
's	O
car	O
and	O
they	O
testified	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
the	O
car	O
they	O
saw	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
released	O
me	O
.	O


We	O
complained	O
to	O
the	O
governor	O
of	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
in	O
a	O
letter	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
letter	O
is	O
attached	O
in	O
the	O
letters	O
and	O
documents	O
section	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
hoping	O
that	O
the	O
conspirators	O
be	O
held	O
accountable	O
and	O
the	O
dignity	O
of	O
the	O
citizen	O
would	O
be	O
preserved	O
.	O


A	O
committee	O
was	O
formed	O
consisting	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
Abdallah	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Majyul	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
municipality	O
of	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
,	O
Brigadier	O
General	O
Faisal	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Mandil	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Riyadh	I-ORG
Police	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
Investigator	O
Faisal	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Ijyan	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
branch	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Investigation	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Claims	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
our	O
complaint	O
we	O
requested	O
to	O
include	O
a	O
member	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
interior	I-ORG
and	O
a	O
member	O
from	O
General	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
,	O
but	O
the	O
governor	O
of	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
asked	O
that	O
it	O
consist	O
of	O
the	O
aforementioned	O
.	O


In	O
deference	O
to	O
his	O
wish	O
,	O
a	O
page	O
from	O
the	O
letter	O
of	O
complaint	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
another	O
page	O
.	O


The	O
committee	O
undertook	O
its	O
work	O
on	O
Saturday	B-DATE
16/2/1426	I-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
The	O
following	O
is	O
noteworthy	O
:	O


1.	O
Lieutenant	O
Colonel	O
'Id	O
Matar	O
refused	O
to	O
appear	O
before	O
it	O
.	O


His	O
testimony	O
was	O
through	O
the	O
statement	O
of	O
the	O
chief	O
of	O
police	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
coordinating	O
with	O
the	O
representative	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Riyadh	I-ORG
Police	I-ORG
,	O
Brigadier	O
General	O
Faisal	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Mandil	I-PERSON
.	O


2.	O
The	O
reporter	O
Saud	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Nafi'i	I-PERSON
refused	O
to	O
appear	O
before	O
it	O
.	O


3.	O
Captain	O
Butayhan	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
other	O
colleagues	O
refused	O
to	O
appear	O
together	O
.	O


They	O
insisted	O
that	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
would	O
come	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
return	O
to	O
the	O
police	O
station	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
one	O
would	O
come	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
could	O
coordinate	O
their	O
answers	O
.	O


4.	O
The	O
committee	O
acceded	O
to	O
their	O
wishes	O
despite	O
our	O
objection	O
.	O


5.	O
The	O
committee	O
refused	O
to	O
let	O
us	O
see	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
documents	O
of	O
the	O
proceedings	O
and	O
the	O
charges	O
filed	O
against	O
us	O
.	O


6.	O
The	O
committee	O
refused	O
the	O
request	O
to	O
impound	O
the	O
car	O
of	O
the	O
reporter	O
to	O
confirm	O
the	O
truth	O
about	O
its	O
collision	O
and	O
where	O
exactly	O
it	O
was	O
,	O
especially	O
since	O
the	O
documents	O
of	O
the	O
proceedings	O
are	O
devoid	O
of	O
anything	O
that	O
proves	O
that	O
or	O
proves	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
accident	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
reporter	O
alleged	O
.	O


7.	O
The	O
committee	O
refused	O
to	O
discuss	O
with	O
the	O
reporter	O
where	O
he	O
fixed	O
the	O
alleged	O
damage	O
to	O
his	O
car	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
what	O
workshop	O
.	O


Did	O
he	O
fix	O
it	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
an	O
official	O
repair	O
document	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
or	O
not	O
?	O


Did	O
he	O
know	O
who	O
gave	O
him	O
the	O
repair	O
document	O
?	O


If	O
he	O
was	O
given	O
a	O
document	O
,	O
the	O
question	O
is	O
who	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
him	O
in	O
violation	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
?	O


8.	O
The	O
committee	O
refused	O
to	O
discuss	O
with	O
the	O
conspirators	O
and	O
the	O
investigator	O
whether	O
they	O
referred	O
the	O
car	O
of	O
the	O
reporter	O
to	O
three	B-CARDINAL
workshops	O
for	O
estimates	O
,	O
in	O
compliance	O
with	O
the	O
rules	O
.	O


And	O
why	O
did	O
n't	O
they	O
do	O
so	O
,	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
telling	O
the	O
truth	O
?	O
Especially	O
since	O
private	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
public	O
rights	O
are	O
based	O
upon	O
it	O
.	O


9.	O
The	O
committee	O
refused	O
to	O
inspect	O
the	O
cell	O
with	O
us	O
to	O
confirm	O
its	O
unsuitability	O
.	O


10.	O
The	O
governor	O
made	O
a	O
lunch	O
banquet	O
for	O
the	O
honorable	O
committee	O
.	O


11.	O
The	O
next	O
morning	O
was	O
designated	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
attend	O
to	O
discuss	O
with	O
the	O
committee	O
.	O


We	O
thought	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
show	O
us	O
the	O
answers	O
of	O
those	O
it	O
had	O
questioned	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
could	O
reply	O
to	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
were	O
surprised	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
left	O
the	O
day	O
before	O
for	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
.	O


On	O
29/4/1426	B-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
the	O
committee	O
returned	O
to	O
Wadi	B-GPE
al	I-GPE
-	I-GPE
Dawasir	I-GPE
.	O


We	O
appeared	O
before	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
did	O
not	O
open	O
the	O
investigation	O
file	O
and	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
us	O
anything	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
our	O
request	O
and	O
our	O
informing	O
it	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
our	O
right	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
of	O
criminal	O
procedures	O
issued	O
by	O
royal	O
decree	O
.	O


It	O
claimed	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
show	O
it	O
to	O
us	O
soon	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
representative	O
of	O
the	O
municipality	O
of	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
who	O
apparently	O
was	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
held	O
and	O
controlled	O
the	O
documents	O
of	O
the	O
proceedings	O
.	O


My	O
father	O
requested	O
the	O
return	O
of	O
his	O
car	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
impounded	O
in	O
violation	O
of	O
all	O
laws	O
and	O
regulations	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
not	O
given	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
no	O
order	O
was	O
issued	O
to	O
hand	O
it	O
over	O
.	O


The	O
committee	O
left	O
for	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
that	O
day	O
and	O
that	O
was	O
the	O
last	B-ORDINAL
time	O
we	O
saw	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
Dhu	I-DATE
al	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
Qada	I-DATE
1426	I-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
office	O
of	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Investigation	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Prosecution	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
called	O
me	O
and	O
told	O
me	O
that	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Investigation	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Prosecution	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
Authority	B-ORG
's	O
committee	O
had	O
fired	O
me	O
from	O
my	O
job	O
and	O
had	O
issued	O
that	O
decision	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
two	B-CARDINAL
reasons	O
:	O


1.	O
Incompetence	O
during	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
the	O
experience	O
.	O


2.	O
Lack	O
of	O
trust	O
and	O
consideration	O
.	O


It	O
mentioned	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
letter	O
of	O
the	O
governor	O
of	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
appropriate	O
that	O
I	O
submit	O
to	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Investigation	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Prosecution	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
my	O
letter	O
of	O
resignation	O
so	O
that	O
my	O
reputation	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
tarnished	O
by	O
that	O
decision	O
and	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
my	O
field	O
,	O
because	O
that	O
decision	O
would	O
bar	O
me	O
from	O
employment	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
future	I-DATE
.	O


So	O
I	O
traveled	O
to	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
and	O
refused	O
to	O
submit	O
my	O
resignation	O
because	O
this	O
would	O
be	O
submitting	O
to	O
injustice	O
and	O
arbitrariness	O
no	O
matter	O
what	O
the	O
consequences	O
.	O


Our	O
reputation	O
,	O
thank	O
God	O
,	O
is	O
honorable	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
are	O
acknowledged	O
in	O
the	O
circles	O
of	O
our	O
whole	O
community	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
colleagues	O
in	O
study	O
,	O
professors	O
,	O
sheikhs	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
just	O
the	O
opposite	O
.	O


This	O
decision	O
would	O
harm	O
my	O
reputation	O
and	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
issued	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
would	O
weaken	O
the	O
credibility	O
of	O
the	O
organization	O
which	O
they	O
supervise	O
.	O


The	O
job	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
main	O
goal	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
doors	O
of	O
livelihood	O
are	O
wide	O
.	O


Thank	O
God	O
we	O
are	O
affluent	O
.	O


The	O
noble	O
person	O
does	O
not	O
bend	O
down	O
even	O
if	O
he	O
is	O
poor	O
.	O


So	O
how	O
about	O
if	O
he	O
is	O
really	O
rich	O
?	O


My	O
representative	O
,	O
the	O
lawyer	O
,	O
met	O
His	B-PERSON
Highness	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Governor	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
Riyadh	I-PERSON
,	O
Salman	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Abdulaziz	I-PERSON
.	O


We	O
objected	O
to	O
the	O
conclusion	O
reached	O
by	O
the	O
committee	O
.	O


We	O
told	O
him	O
that	O
we	O
were	O
complaining	O
to	O
him	O
to	O
find	O
justice	O
from	O
him	O
regarding	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
unjust	O
to	O
us	O
,	O
since	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
direct	O
authority	O
of	O
those	O
unjust	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
unfortunately	O
we	O
were	O
surprised	O
that	O
he	O
committed	O
a	O
greater	O
injustice	O
upon	O
us	O
.	O


He	O
told	O
us	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
job	O
then	O
Farraj	B-PERSON
's	O
job	O
is	O
with	O
me	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
held	O
against	O
me	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


We	O
said	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
The	O
results	O
contradicted	O
the	O
facts	O
of	O
the	O
proceedings	O
.	O
We	O
were	O
not	O
informed	O
until	O
just	O
now	O
of	O
the	O
committee	O
's	O
final	O
decision	O
.	O
What	O
is	O
needed	O
is	O
to	O
halt	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
dismissal	O
,	O
especially	O
since	O
it	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
your	O
instruction	O
,	O
until	O
we	O
are	O
given	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
committee	O
's	O
decision	O
so	O
we	O
can	O
respond	O
to	O
it	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


He	O
called	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
and	O
said	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
Show	O
them	O
the	O
proceedings	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
Give	O
me	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
.	O
"	O


We	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
,	O
who	O
said	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
proceedings	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
issued	O
.	O


We	O
said	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
You	O
have	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
the	O
committee	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
us	O
an	O
appointment	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


Then	O
he	O
refused	O
to	O
show	O
us	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
the	O
committee	O
and	O
recited	O
its	O
results	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


The	O
results	O
contradicted	O
the	O
facts	O
of	O
the	O
proceedings	O
and	O
proved	O
the	O
truth	O
of	O
what	O
we	O
referred	O
to	O
in	O
our	O
main	O
complaint	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
submitted	O
a	O
letter	O
to	O
the	O
governor	O
of	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
in	O
which	O
we	O
contested	O
the	O
committee	O
and	O
its	O
decision	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
explained	O
the	O
reasons	O
for	O
that	O
.	O


We	O
stressed	O
that	O
the	O
decision	O
for	O
dismissal	O
should	O
be	O
halted	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
A	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
letter	O
is	O
attached	O
in	O
the	O
letters	O
and	O
documents	O
section	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


He	O
ordered	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
a	O
committee	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
what	O
we	O
were	O
told	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
explained	O
that	O
this	O
committee	O
was	O
formed	O
of	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
Follow	O
-	O
up	O
Abdullah	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Qarni	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
assistant	O
deputy	O
of	O
the	O
municipality	O
,	O
Dr.	O
Ibrahim	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Subaihi	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
advisors	O
of	O
Salman	B-PERSON
,	O
Faraj	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Asbali	I-PERSON
and	O
Salih	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Dayf	I-PERSON
.	O


So	O
far	O
this	O
committee	O
has	O
not	O
reviewed	O
the	O
proceedings	O
which	O
is	O
what	O
it	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
do	O
,	O


and	O
Salman	B-PERSON
has	O
not	O
responded	O
to	O
our	O
request	O
to	O
"	O
halt	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
dismissal	O
"	O
until	O
the	O
case	O
is	O
finally	O
over	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Investigation	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Prosecution	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
submitted	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
my	O
dismissal	O
-LRB-	O
for	O
my	O
incompetence	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
my	O
tribulation	O
and	O
for	O
my	O
lack	O
of	O
confidence	O
and	O
respect	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
the	I-ORG
interior	I-ORG
to	O
get	O
approval	O
for	O
it	O
while	O
he	O
had	O
promised	O
us	O
to	O
reconsider	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
dismissal	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
issue	O
was	O
still	O
with	O
the	O
committee	O
.	O


We	O
learned	O
the	O
untruthfulness	O
of	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
submitted	O
a	O
letter	O
to	O
the	B-PERSON
minister	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
interior	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
letter	O
is	O
attached	O
in	O
the	O
letters	O
and	O
documents	O
section	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
which	O
we	O
explained	O
that	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
dismissal	O
violates	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
justice	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
truth	O
since	O
my	O
alleged	O
incompetence	O
during	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
tribulation	O
was	O
answered	O
and	O
refuted	O
by	O
the	O
performance	O
report	O
in	O
which	O
I	O
received	O
the	O
grade	O
of	O
excellent	O
with	O
a	B-PERCENT
percentage	I-PERCENT
of	I-PERCENT
96	I-PERCENT
,	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
performance	O
report	O
is	O
attached	O
in	O
the	O
curriculum	O
vitae	O
section	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


And	O
my	O
alleged	O
loss	O
of	O
trust	O
and	O
respect	O
requires	O
knowing	O
the	O
crime	O
attributed	O
to	O
me	O
.	O
And	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
crime	O
that	O
entails	O
loss	O
of	O
trust	O
and	O
respect	O
as	O
stipulated	O
in	O
the	O
civil	O
service	O
regulations	O
issued	O
by	O
decree	O
of	O
the	O
cabinet	O
and	O
crowned	O
with	O
an	O
order	O
by	O
the	O
monarchy	O
?	O


It	O
also	O
requires	O
knowing	O
the	O
final	O
judicial	O
verdict	O
issued	O
proving	O
this	O
crime	O
.	O


Since	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
incorrect	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
exist	O
,	O
it	O
indicates	O
the	O
falsehood	O
of	O
this	O
calumny	O
.	O


The	O
proceedings	O
were	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
Authority	B-ORG
with	O
disapproval	O
of	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
dismissal	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
violation	O
of	O
the	O
regulation	O
.	O


When	O
checking	O
back	O
with	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
Authority	B-ORG
he	O
promised	O
something	O
good	O
.	O


It	O
became	O
clear	O
that	O
he	O
returned	O
the	O
proceedings	O
secretly	O
to	O
the	B-PERSON
minister	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
interior	I-PERSON
requesting	O
approval	O
of	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
dismissal	O
.	O


He	O
refused	O
to	O
give	O
us	O
its	O
number	O
or	O
its	O
date	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
kept	O
the	O
issue	O
a	O
secret	O
while	O
he	O
was	O
promising	O
it	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
proceedings	O
were	O
returned	O
to	O
him	O
again	O
.	O
And	O
that	O
he	O
justified	O
his	O
refusal	O
of	O
the	O
previous	O
instruction	O
on	O
the	O
invalidity	O
of	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
dismissal	O
which	O
was	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
instruction	O
of	O
the	O
governor	O
of	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
and	O
his	O
insistence	O
on	O
my	O
dismissal	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
found	O
out	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
kept	O
the	O
previous	O
decision	O
and	O
its	O
proceedings	O
including	O
all	O
the	O
explanations	O
in	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
issued	O
a	O
new	O
decision	O
through	O
his	O
committee	O
terminating	O
my	O
services	O
without	O
mentioning	O
a	O
reason	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
signed	O
by	O
the	O
minister	O
of	O
the	O
interior	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
submitted	O
to	O
the	O
monarchy	O
.	O


It	O
turned	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
was	O
refusing	O
to	O
approve	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
Authority	B-ORG
to	O
dismiss	O
me	O
was	O
His	B-PERSON
Highness	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
deputy	I-PERSON
Minister	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Interior	I-PERSON
.	O


Taking	O
into	O
consideration	O
that	O
since	O
we	O
knew	O
that	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
Authority	B-ORG
had	O
submitted	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
dismissal	O
to	O
the	B-PERSON
minister	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
interior	I-PERSON
,	O
my	O
lawyer	O
tried	O
to	O
meet	O
the	B-PERSON
minister	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
interior	I-PERSON
more	O
than	O
once	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
was	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
.	O


He	O
asked	O
to	O
make	O
an	O
appointment	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
him	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
given	O
an	O
appointment	O
for	O
three	B-CARDINAL
months	O
later	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
days	O
before	O
the	O
appointment	O
he	O
was	O
notified	O
of	O
its	O
cancellation	O
without	O
being	O
given	O
a	O
new	O
appointment	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
tried	O
to	O
meet	O
his	O
assistant	O
for	O
security	O
affairs	O
but	O
he	O
could	O
n't	O
.	O


My	O
lawyer	O
presented	O
to	O
the	B-PERSON
minister	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
interior	I-PERSON
our	O
second	B-ORDINAL
letter	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
attached	O
in	O
the	O
letters	O
and	O
documents	O
section	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
referred	O
to	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
Authority	B-ORG
with	O
no	O
outcome	O
.	O


--------------	O


Abdul	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Rahman2002	I-PERSON
says	O
if	O
he	O
were	O
not	O
a	O
religiously	O
committed	O
young	O
man	O
would	O
this	O
conspiracy	O
have	O
been	O
woven	O
around	O
him	O
?	O


Oh	O
God	O
,	O
I	O
presented	O
my	O
mother	O
to	O
you	O
in	O
your	O
outstanding	O
month	B-DATE
.	O


You	O
are	O
Generous	O
and	O
Gracious	O
,	O
so	O
honor	O
her	O
abode	O
and	O
make	O
her	O
final	O
resting	O
place	O
good	O
.	O


owgwo@yahoo.com	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Taghlabi	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Dusary	I-PERSON


Ah	O
my	O
head	O
!	O
I	O
got	O
a	O
headache	O
while	O
I	O
was	O
reading	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
believe	O
it	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


Is	O
this	O
article	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
a	O
tragic	O
soap	O
opera	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
broadcast	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
coming	I-DATE
winter	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
to	O
force	O
people	O
to	O
stay	O
in	O
their	O
homes	O
and	O
get	O
enthusiastic	O
about	O
this	O
soap	O
opera	O
to	O
forget	O
this	O
chilliness	O
?	O


Or	O
is	O
it	O
a	O
soap	O
opera	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
the	O
injustice	O
in	O
which	O
they	O
lived	O
before	O
the	O
rule	O
of	O
the	B-PERSON
House	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
Saud	I-PERSON
over	O
this	O
good	O
country	O
?	O


Or	O
is	O
it	O
an	O
actual	O
picture	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
monotheism	O
and	O
justice	O
?	O


The	O
case	O
apparently	O
--	O
God	O
knows	O
best	O
--	O
involves	O
a	O
biiiiiiiiig	O
head	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
everything	O
.	O


The	O
case	O
has	O
hidden	O
threads	O
.	O


God	O
knows	O
best	O
.	O


The	O
case	O
has	O
something	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


What	O
it	O
is	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
!	O


The	O
case	O
has	O
something	O
in	O
it	O
which	O
was	O
not	O
revealed	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


They	O
may	O
be	O
right	O
in	O
this	O
or	O
they	O
may	O
be	O
first	O
rate	O
evil	O
doers	O
.	O


In	O
general	O
I	O
'll	O
say	O
you	O
should	O
do	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
go	O
to	O
Him	O
and	O
take	O
refuge	O
in	O
Him	O
your	O
problem	O
will	O
be	O
resolved	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
God	O
,	O
the	O
One	B-CARDINAL
and	O
Only	O
,	O
the	O
Glorious	O
King	O
of	O
kings	O


Use	O
the	O
arrows	O
of	O
night	O
.	O


They	O
hit	O
their	O
target	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Syrian	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
Very	O
Dangerous	O
Facts	O


Al	B-PERSON
Shaheen2005	I-PERSON


At	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
the	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
judiciary	O
continues	O
its	O
investigation	O
into	O
the	O
file	O
of	O
the	O
detainees	O
of	O
"	O
the	B-ORG
Syrian	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Social	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
"	O
very	O
important	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
dangerous	O
,	O
information	O
was	O
revealed	O
about	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
blow	O
up	O
the	O
location	O
of	O
a	O
Phalange	B-NORP
celebration	O
in	O
Al	B-GPE
Koura	I-GPE
,	O
which	O
was	O
set	O
to	O
be	O
attended	O
by	O
president	O
Amin	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Gemayel	I-PERSON
,	O
Minister	O
and	O
martyr	O
Pierre	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Gemayel	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
supporters	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Lebanese	I-ORG
Phalange	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
per	O
an	O
order	O
from	O
Parliament	B-ORG
Member	O
Asaad	B-PERSON
Herdan	I-PERSON
.	O
That	O
was	O
"	O
Cailion	B-FAC
"	O
restaurant	O
in	O
Al	B-GPE
Koura	I-GPE
on	O
January	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2005	I-DATE
,	O
29	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
crime	O
of	O
the	O
assassination	O
of	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Rafiq	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Hariri	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
three	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
assassination	O
attempt	O
of	O
Minister	O
Marwan	B-PERSON
Hamada	I-PERSON
,	O
which	O
would	O
have	O
raised	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
crimes	O
and	O
explosions	O
to	O
16	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Minister	O
Gemayel	B-PERSON
was	O
assassinated	O
by	O
gunshots	O
in	O
an	O
armed	O
attack	O
on	O
his	O
procession	O
in	O
the	O
New	B-GPE
Jadida	I-GPE
sector	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
.	O


Information	O
states	O
that	O
the	O
security	O
official	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Syrian	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Social	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
Toni	B-PERSON
Mansour	I-PERSON
,	O
admitted	O
in	O
the	O
investigation	O
that	O
,	O
after	O
the	B-ORG
Phalange	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
set	O
a	O
date	O
for	O
the	O
celebration	O
to	O
be	O
held	O
in	O
the	O
North	B-LOC
with	O
the	O
attendance	O
of	O
President	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gemayel	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
son	O
Pierre	B-PERSON
on	O
January	B-DATE
15	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2005	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
received	O
an	O
order	O
from	O
Parliament	B-ORG
Member	O
Asaad	B-PERSON
Herdan	I-PERSON
to	O
"	O
blow	O
up	O
"	O
the	O
celebration	O
.	O


In	O
implementing	O
the	O
orders	O
,	O
Mansour	B-PERSON
went	O
with	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
his	O
assistants	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2005	I-DATE
,	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
before	O
the	O
celebration	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
restaurant	O
,	O
where	O
he	O
started	O
to	O
plant	O
an	O
explosive	O
package	O
containing	O
15	B-QUANTITY
kilograms	I-QUANTITY
of	O
"	O
T.	O
N.	O
T.	O
"	O
substance	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
was	O
surprised	O
that	O
the	O
timer	O
he	O
had	O
brought	O
had	O
a	O
manufacturing	O
defect	O
,	O
which	O
forced	O
him	O
to	O
postpone	O
the	O
mission	O
for	O
another	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
.	O


Mansour	B-PERSON
states	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
decided	O
to	O
replant	O
the	O
explosive	O
package	O
hours	B-TIME
before	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
the	O
celebration	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
restaurant	O
with	O
his	O
assistants	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
was	O
surprised	O
that	O
a	O
security	O
siege	O
had	O
surrounded	O
the	O
place	O
before	O
the	O
time	O
set	O
for	O
the	O
celebration	O
,	O
which	O
forced	O
him	O
to	O
cancel	O
his	O
project	O
.	O


Yet	O
the	O
ongoing	O
investigation	O
with	O
Mansour	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
assistants	O
did	O
not	O
reach	O
a	O
reliable	O
criminal	O
connection	O
between	O
the	O
assassination	O
attempt	O
on	O
President	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gemayel	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
son	O
Pierre	B-PERSON
,	O
which	O
was	O
postponed	O
for	O
reasons	O
beyond	O
their	O
control	O
in	O
the	O
North	B-LOC
,	O
and	O
the	O
assassination	O
crime	O
that	O
was	O
committed	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
Jadida	I-GPE
on	O
the	O
morning	B-TIME
of	O
a	O
party	O
tour	O
by	O
Minister	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gemayel	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
northern	O
party	O
members	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
described	O
as	O
having	O
achieved	O
excellent	O
results	O
.	O


The	O
international	O
investigation	O
committee	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
leadership	O
of	O
Belgian	B-NORP
Judge	O
Serge	B-PERSON
Brammertz	I-PERSON
,	O
was	O
assigned	O
to	O
assist	O
in	O
revealing	O
the	O
assassination	O
crime	O
of	O
Minister	O
Al	B-PERSON
Gemayel	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
procedure	O
the	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
judiciary	O
will	O
take	O
against	O
Parliament	B-ORG
Member	O
Asaad	B-PERSON
Herdan	I-PERSON
is	O
not	O
known	O
,	O
after	O
he	O
was	O
proved	O
to	O
have	O
given	O
orders	O
to	O
Mansour	B-PERSON
to	O
perform	O
an	O
explosive	O
operation	O
that	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
kill	O
the	O
Phalange	B-NORP
leadership	O
and	O
its	O
party	O
members	O
.	O


The	B-LAW
Lebanese	I-LAW
Constitution	I-LAW
states	O
that	O
immunity	O
should	O
be	O
removed	O
from	O
Parliament	B-ORG
members	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
pursued	O
for	O
penal	O
crimes	O
,	O
in	O
case	O
the	O
council	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
holding	O
round	O
.	O


The	O
normal	O
-LSB-	O
round	O
-RSB-	O
period	O
ended	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
December	I-DATE
without	O
opening	O
an	O
exceptional	O
round	O
.	O


An	O
explosive	O
package	O
of	O
this	O
size	O
had	O
exploded	O
in	O
several	O
areas	O
in	O
the	O
northern	O
-LSB-	O
board	O
-RSB-	O
,	O
Ashrafieh	B-LOC
,	O
Jounieh	B-LOC
,	O
and	O
Kasslik	B-LOC
,	O
between	O
March	B-DATE
18	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2005	I-DATE
and	O
May	B-DATE
7	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
same	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Also	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
framework	O
of	O
this	O
judicial	O
investigation	O
,	O
criminal	O
experts	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
explosives	O
that	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
houses	O
of	O
the	O
arrestees	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Syrian	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Social	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
,	O
together	O
with	O
two	B-QUANTITY
hundred	I-QUANTITY
kilograms	I-QUANTITY
of	O
"	O
T.	O
N.	O
T.	O
"	O
substance	O
,	O
entered	O
the	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
market	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2000	I-DATE
,	O
which	O
refutes	O
all	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
said	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
explosives	O
and	O
weapons	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
the	B-DATE
eighties	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
when	O
the	O
party	O
was	O
a	O
brigade	O
in	O
the	O
national	O
resistance	O
against	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
occupation	O
in	O
southern	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
.	O


Lebanese	B-NORP
"	O
Future	O
"	O


My	O
forehead	O
is	O
up	O
.	O


al_shaheen2005@hotmail.com	O


Al	O
Shaheen2005	O


Would	O
Syria	B-GPE
admit	O
what	O
it	O
is	O
doing	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
after	O
these	O
confessions	O
,	O
or	O
it	O
will	O
deny	O
its	O
agents	O
and	O
actions	O
as	O
usual	O
,	O
with	O
false	O
shameful	O
justifications	O
?	O


Day	O
after	O
day	O
,	O
Syria	B-GPE
's	O
connection	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
terrorist	O
incidents	O
that	O
happen	O
in	O
sister	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
is	O
proven	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
ignorance	O
,	O
shallow	O
mindedness	O
,	O
and	O
methodology	O
of	O
Syrian	B-NORP
politicians	O
is	O
proven	O
to	O
everyone	O
.	O


My	O
forehead	O
is	O
up	O
.	O


al_shaheen2005@hotmail.com	O


Bengalis	B-NORP
Rape	O
Minor	O
Sudanese	B-NORP
Girls	O


The	B-PERSON
Truthful	I-PERSON
Dawn	I-PERSON


A	O
group	O
of	O
Bengali	B-NORP
soldiers	O
participating	O
in	O
the	O
United	B-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
forces	O
in	O
southern	O
Sudan	B-GPE
raped	O
several	O
minor	O
girls	O
.	O


This	O
news	O
was	O
published	O
by	O
a	O
British	B-NORP
newspaper	O
months	B-DATE
before	O
it	O
was	O
published	O
in	O
a	O
Saudi	B-NORP
newspaper	O
:	O
A	O
Bengali	B-NORP
guard	O
at	O
a	O
mosque	O
raped	O
a	O
Saudi	B-NORP
child	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
crimes	O
which	O
are	O
committed	O
by	O
Bengali	B-NORP
workers	O
in	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
.	O


These	O
people	O
are	O
really	O
strange	O
.	O


To	O
correspond	O
with	O
me	O
abomnaf@hotmail.com	O


I	B-PERSON
am	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Arab	I-PERSON


Even	O
Sudan	B-GPE
was	O
not	O
safe	O
from	O
them	O
?	O


God	O
suffices	O
for	O
me	O
and	O
He	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
one	O
to	O
trust	O
.	O


------------------	O


A	O
free	O
pen	O
.	O


ana_free11@hotmail.com	O


Worry	O
destroys	O
the	O
stout	O
with	O
thinness	O
***	O
and	O
makes	O
white	O
the	O
forelocks	O
of	O
the	O
lad	O
and	O
makes	O
him	O
grow	O
old	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
user	O
I	O
the	O
Arab	O
,	O
and	O
free	O
pen	O
and	O
other	O
males	O
and	O
females	O
write	O


-LRB-	O
ana_alaraby@hotmail.com	O
-RRB-	O


Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
was	O
able	O
to	O
prove	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
the	O
stupidity	O
of	O
the	O
Rafida	B-PERSON
.	O


Talal	B-PERSON


Peace	O
be	O
upon	O
you	O
and	O
the	O
mercy	O
of	O
God	O
and	O
His	O
blessings	O


Yes	O
,	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
was	O
able	O
to	O
prove	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
the	O
stupidity	O
of	O
the	O
Rafida	B-PERSON
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
you	O
agree	O
with	O
me	O
that	O
the	O
Safavid	B-NORP
Rafida	B-PERSON
revealed	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
their	O
stupidity	O
when	O
they	O
showed	O
the	O
Arabs	B-NORP
in	O
general	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Sunnis	B-NORP
in	O
particular	O
,	O
their	O
hidden	O
hatred	O
and	O
limitless	O
detestation	O
,	O
and	O
revealed	O
their	O
dirty	O
plans	O
and	O
policy	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
stupid	O
because	O
they	O
revealed	O
their	O
true	O
colors	O
and	O
proved	O
to	O
all	O
Arabs	B-NORP
that	O
there	O
are	O
plans	O
for	O
major	O
loathing	O
and	O
hatred	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
Sunnis	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
stupid	O
otherwise	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
benefit	O
of	O
executing	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
at	O
this	O
time	O
?	O


For	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
whether	O
he	O
was	O
executed	O
today	B-DATE
or	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
or	O
on	O
a	O
feast	O
day	O
or	O
otherwise	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
stupid	O
because	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
harm	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
but	O
themselves	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
revealed	O
their	O
wickedness	O
,	O
their	O
cunning	O
and	O
their	O
coming	O
danger	O
and	O
to	O
all	O
Moslems	B-NORP
,	O
Arabs	B-NORP
and	O
Sunnis	B-NORP
.	O


They	O
were	O
so	O
ensconced	O
in	O
their	O
deep	O
hatred	O
that	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
observe	O
the	B-DATE
holy	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
or	O
at	O
least	O
the	O
rule	O
of	O
law	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
they	O
revealed	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
peoples	O
in	O
Egypt	B-GPE
,	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
,	O
Libya	B-GPE
,	O
Jordan	B-GPE
,	O
Sudan	B-GPE
,	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
Morocco	B-GPE
,	O
Algeria	B-GPE
,	O
Tunisia	B-GPE
and	O
Syria	B-GPE
their	O
treachery	O
,	O
loathing	O
and	O
hatred	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
idiots	O
gained	O
nothing	O
but	O
the	O
hatred	O
of	O
the	O
nations	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


Rather	O
they	O
made	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
a	O
believing	O
martyred	O
hero	O
.	O


Why	O
are	O
we	O
sad	O
?	O


Many	O
Arabs	B-NORP
did	O
not	O
like	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
and	O
were	O
not	O
happy	O
with	O
many	O
of	O
his	O
deeds	O
,	O
but	O
after	O
his	O
execution	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
everybody	O
sympathized	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
blames	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
for	O
what	O
he	O
did	O
with	O
those	O
traitors	O
,	O
sons	O
of	O
temporary	O
marriages	O
,	O
Safavids	B-NORP
,	O
whose	O
noses	O
he	O
rubbed	O
in	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
these	O
traitors	O
proved	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
but	O
a	O
ruler	O
like	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
can	O
make	O
them	O
act	O
straight	O
and	O
control	O
them	O
.	O


Why	O
do	O
we	O
grieve	O
for	O
a	O
man	O
whose	O
last	B-ORDINAL
words	O
were	O
"	O
I	O
bear	O
witness	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
God	O
but	O
God	O
and	O
I	O
bear	O
witness	O
that	O
Muhammad	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
prophet	O
of	O
God	O
.	O
"	O


All	O
witnessed	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
the	O
genius	O
brave	O
leader	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
witnessed	O
his	O
bravery	O
.	O


Those	O
Safavid	B-NORP
Rafida	B-PERSON
crowded	O
together	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
him	O
,	O
cursing	O
and	O
mocking	O
him	O
as	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
children	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
stood	O
pround	O
and	O
strong	O
as	O
we	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
him	O
being	O
.	O


I	O
swear	O
by	O
God	O
if	O
any	O
of	O
these	O
traitors	O
had	O
been	O
in	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
place	O
you	O
would	O
have	O
seen	O
him	O
weeping	O
,	O
begging	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
fainting	O
more	O
than	O
once	O
.	O


These	O
idiots	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
made	O
a	O
martyred	O
,	O
believing	O
hero	O
out	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
.	O


They	O
only	O
proved	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
his	O
bravery	O
and	O
his	O
might	O
and	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
they	O
proved	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
their	O
hidden	O
hatred	O
and	O
their	O
lack	O
of	O
manners	O
.	O


The	O
mentally	O
deranged	O
Moqtada	B-PERSON
Perfidy	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
one	O
becomes	O
aware	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
a	O
child	O
if	O
he	O
speaks	O
-RRB-	O
also	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hakim	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
the	O
greatly	O
malicious	O
one	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Jaafari	I-PERSON
and	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Maliki	I-PERSON
and	O
Muwaffaq	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Rubaei	I-PERSON
and	O
many	O
of	O
those	O
traitors	O
were	O
also	O
preent	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
satisfy	O
their	O
thirst	O
for	O
revenge	O
on	O
a	O
leader	O
whose	O
bravery	O
and	O
struggle	O
the	O
world	O
attested	O
.	O
and	O
who	O
suppressed	O
those	O
traitors	O
who	O
only	O
worked	O
for	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
a	O
hostile	O
foreign	O
state	O
-LRB-	O
such	O
as	O
Iran	B-GPE
and	O
America	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
.	O


Why	O
this	O
mockery	O
and	O
shouting	O
of	O
petty	O
slogans	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
go	O
to	O
hell	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
down	O
with	O
the	O
tyrant	O
"	O
and	O
others	O
?	O


Was	O
n't	O
there	O
a	O
sensible	O
man	O
amongst	O
them	O
?	O


Yes	O
,	O
those	O
Persian	B-NORP
Safavids	B-NORP
proved	O
without	O
doubt	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
use	O
reason	O
in	O
their	O
dealings	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
they	O
deal	O
in	O
hate	O
and	O
loathing	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
those	O
idiots	O
proved	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
behind	O
everything	O
that	O
is	O
happening	O
to	O
the	O
Sunnis	B-NORP
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
all	O
this	O
is	O
no	O
one	O
's	O
setup	O
but	O
theirs	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
those	O
stupid	O
traitor	O
Safavid	B-NORP
Rafida	B-PERSON
collaborators	O
know	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
not	O
hurt	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
but	O
themselves	O
?	O


For	O
they	O
proved	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
a	O
stupid	O
people	O
,	O
a	O
people	O
of	O
hate	O
,	O
a	O
people	O
who	O
loath	O
the	O
Sunnis	B-NORP
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
was	O
not	O
ever	O
a	O
traitor	O
or	O
lackey	O
but	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
brave	O
militant	O
leader	O
and	O
died	O
a	O
martyr	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
an	O
offer	O
was	O
made	O
to	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
to	O
save	O
his	O
skin	O
,	O
leave	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
live	O
as	O
a	O
political	O
refugee	O
in	O
any	O
state	O
he	O
wanted	O
but	O
he	O
considered	O
it	O
a	O
betrayal	O
and	O
continued	O
struggling	O
until	O
he	O
was	O
martyred	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
offered	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
his	O
release	O
when	O
a	O
prisoner	O
,	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
any	O
state	O
he	O
wished	O
in	O
return	O
for	O
stopping	O
the	O
Mujahideen	B-PERSON
but	O
he	O
refused	O
and	O
considered	O
it	O
a	O
betrayal	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
whoever	O
overthrew	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
was	O
none	O
other	O
than	O
your	O
crusader	O
masters	O
and	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
too	O
small	O
to	O
overthrow	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
nothing	O
but	O
lackey	O
traitor	O
scum	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
your	O
hatred	O
of	O
your	O
master	O
and	O
executioner	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
only	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
someone	O
who	O
knew	O
how	O
to	O
keep	O
you	O
in	O
check	O
and	O
trampled	O
on	O
your	O
necks	O
with	O
his	O
shoes	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
years	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
all	O
nations	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
do	O
not	O
blame	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
at	O
all	O
,	O
and	O
realize	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
hidden	O
hand	O
of	O
the	O
Rafida	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
Persians	B-NORP
of	O
Iran	B-GPE
that	O
were	O
behind	O
what	O
happened	O
in	O
Halabja	B-GPE
but	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
struck	O
them	O
with	O
a	O
fist	O
of	O
iron	O
.	O


The	O
Rafida	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
Persians	B-NORP
of	O
Iran	B-GPE
were	O
the	O
hidden	O
hand	O
in	O
the	O
assassination	O
attempt	O
against	O
him	O
in	O
Dujail	B-GPE
but	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
struck	O
them	O
with	O
a	O
fist	O
of	O
iron	O
.	O


The	O
Rafida	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
Persians	B-NORP
of	O
Iran	B-GPE
were	O
the	O
hidden	O
hand	O
behind	O
the	O
failed	O
coup	O
attempt	O
in	O
'91	B-DATE
but	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
struck	O
them	O
with	O
a	O
fist	O
of	O
iron	O
.	O


The	O
Rafida	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
Persians	B-NORP
of	O
Iran	B-GPE
were	O
the	O
hidden	O
hand	O
behind	O
the	O
al	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Khobar	I-GPE
explosion	O
in	O
'96	B-DATE
and	O
also	O
the	B-EVENT
Lebanon	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
in	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
current	O
sectarian	O
war	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Only	O
an	O
ignorant	O
human	O
being	O
would	O
blame	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
.	O


Praise	O
be	O
to	O
God	O
that	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
executing	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
was	O
the	O
most	O
clear	O
message	O
to	O
all	O
Arab	B-NORP
leaders	O
and	O
peoples	O
that	O
the	O
Rafida	B-PERSON
and	O
sons	O
of	O
temporary	O
marriages	O
are	O
evil	O
and	O
danger	O
has	O
come	O
near	O
,	O
take	O
care	O
,	O
take	O
care	O
.	O


Talal	B-PERSON


Saddam	B-PERSON
's	O
last	B-ORDINAL
words	O
before	O
his	O
martyrdom	O
spoken	O
to	O
the	O
Rafida	B-PERSON
present	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
him	O
.	O


Hurray	O
...	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
real	O
manliness	O
is	O
!	O


Especially	O
as	O
those	O
magi	B-NORP
did	O
not	O
begin	O
to	O
shout	O
until	O
the	O
rope	O
was	O
placed	O
around	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
's	O
neck	O
-LRB-	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
was	O
of	O
course	O
cowardice	O
and	O
terror	O
of	O
the	O
Lion	B-PERSON
-RRB-	O
.	O


May	O
God	O
have	O
mercy	O
on	O
you	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
and	O
forgive	O
you	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Glory	O
be	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
and	O
praise	O
,	O
glory	O
be	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
Almighty	O
-RRB-	O


Ibn	B-PERSON
Malik	I-PERSON


May	O
God	O
lead	O
you	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
way	O
,	O
brother	O
Talal	B-PERSON
...	O


By	O
God	O
,	O
their	O
stupidity	O
was	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
before	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
.	O


Just	O
read	O
their	O
books	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
how	O
similar	O
they	O
are	O
to	O
the	O
greedy	O
banana	O
-	O
eaters	O
.	O


Talal	B-PERSON


Ibn	B-PERSON
Malek	I-PERSON
Thank	O
you	O
for	O
passing	O
by	O
.	O


Glory	O
be	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
and	O
praise	O
,	O
glory	O
be	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
Almighty	O


Talal	B-PERSON


To	O
the	O
descendents	O
of	O
the	O
Magi	B-NORP
and	O
Rafida	B-PERSON
everywhere	O
-LRB-	O
starting	O
with	O
Allawi	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
putrid	O
gang	O
to	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Maliki	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
passing	O
through	O
their	O
mullahs	O
Khomeini	B-PERSON
,	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Sistani	I-PERSON
-	O
and	O
Baqir	B-PERSON
-	O
to	O
the	O
last	O
dirty	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
.	O


They	O
taught	O
us	O
that	O
we	O
should	O
not	O
extend	O
them	O
our	O
hands	O
although	O
they	O
said	O
we	O
are	O
all	O
Moslems	B-NORP
..	O
and	O
that	O
if	O
we	O
debate	O
them	O
each	O
of	O
us	O
needs	O
to	O
take	O
his	O
shoes	O
with	O
him	O
...	O
as	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
safe	O
from	O
their	O
deceit	O
and	O
their	O
thievery	O
.	O


Those	O
unclean	O
abominations	O
...	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
governed	O
by	O
conscience	O
nor	O
religion	O
nor	O
custom	O
nor	O
morals	O
,	O
anyone	O
who	O
wants	O
to	O
feel	O
safe	O
with	O
them	O
has	O
to	O
feel	O
safe	O
from	O
the	O
bite	O
of	O
the	O
snake	O
in	O
its	O
own	O
hole	O
.	O


Miqdad	B-PERSON
your	O
words	O
are	O
beautiful	O
.	O


Glory	O
be	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
and	O
praise	O
,	O
glory	O
be	O
to	O
the	O
Lord	O
Almighty	O


Peres	B-PERSON
in	O
Doha	B-GPE
Per	O
Invitation	O
from	O
Mozah	B-PERSON
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
Shaheen2005	I-PERSON


Israeli	B-NORP
Deputy	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
began	O
on	O
Monday	B-DATE
the	O
highest	O
level	O
visit	O
of	O
an	O
Israeli	B-NORP
official	O
to	O
a	O
Gulf	B-LOC
country	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
decade	O
,	O
when	O
he	O
arrived	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
for	O
a	O
two	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
visit	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Associated	I-ORG
Press	I-ORG
attributed	O
to	O
Israeli	B-NORP
officials	O
that	O
Peres	B-PERSON
would	O
appear	O
on	O
a	O
television	O
program	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
would	O
answer	O
questions	O
about	O
"	O
important	O
issues	O
"	O
from	O
among	O
300	B-CARDINAL
Arab	B-NORP
requests	O
.	O


The	O
visit	O
is	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
for	O
Peres	B-PERSON
to	O
Qatar	B-GPE
,	O
which	O
he	O
visited	O
before	O
in	O
1996	B-DATE
in	O
his	O
capacity	O
as	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
of	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
Chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Israeli	I-ORG
Commercial	I-ORG
Delegation	I-ORG
,	O
Roi	B-PERSON
Rosenblit	I-PERSON
's	O
,	O
statement	O
in	O
Doha	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
Israeli	B-NORP
official	O
emphasized	O
that	O
the	O
visit	O
has	O
no	O
political	O
tincture	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
has	O
not	O
decided	O
to	O
meet	O
with	O
any	O
Qatari	B-NORP
official	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
some	O
sources	O
had	O
indicated	O
that	O
he	O
might	O
meet	O
the	O
Qatari	B-NORP
Foreign	O
Minister	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


He	O
clarified	O
that	O
Peres	B-PERSON
had	O
accepted	O
an	O
invitation	O
from	O
the	O
BBC	B-ORG
to	O
participate	O
in	O
a	O
program	O
called	O
"	O
Doha	B-WORK_OF_ART
Debates	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
in	O
which	O
several	O
personalities	O
participate	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
overseen	O
by	O
the	O
First	B-ORDINAL
Lady	O
of	O
Qatar	B-GPE
,	O
Sheikha	O
Mozah	B-PERSON
Bint	I-PERSON
Nasser	I-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Missned	I-PERSON
.	O


My	O
forehead	O
is	O
up	O
.	O


al_shaheen2005@hotmail.com	O


Sakr	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Salam	I-PERSON


Per	O
an	O
invitation	O
from	O
Mozah	B-PERSON
?	O


May	O
God	O
lead	O
you	O
to	O
righteousness	O
,	O
my	O
brother	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
conveyed	O
just	O
jams	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
Mozah	B-PERSON
.	O


I	O
mean	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
wrote	O
the	O
news	O
deliberately	O
intended	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
wife	O
:	O
be	O
silent	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
son	O
:	O
shut	O
up	O
.	O


Your	O
voices	O
distort	O
my	O
thinking	O
.	O


Do	O
not	O
utter	O
a	O
word	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
write	O
about	O
freedom	O
of	O
expression	O
!	O


Al	B-PERSON
Shaheen2005	I-PERSON


Intended	O
it	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
do	O
you	O
expect	O
that	O
anything	O
happens	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
today	O
without	O
the	O
approval	O
of	O
Her	O
Highness	O
Sheikha	O
Mozah	B-PERSON
?	O


Sheikha	O
Mozah	B-PERSON
seeks	O
to	O
please	O
America	B-GPE
by	O
all	O
means	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
all	O
the	O
citizens	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
disagree	O
with	O
her	O
...	O
and	O
the	O
goal	O
is	O
known	O
.	O


Accept	O
the	O
regards	O
of	O
your	O
brother	O
.	O


My	O
forehead	O
is	O
up	O
.	O


al_shaheen2005@hotmail.com	O


Asiri	B-PERSON


In	O
which	O
he	O
answers	O
questions	O
about	O
"	O
important	O
issues	O
"	O
from	O
among	O
300	B-CARDINAL
Arab	B-NORP
requests	O
!!!	O


They	O
became	O
-LRB-	O
solvers	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
issues	O
,	O
the	O
likes	O
of	O
Peres	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
the	O
ones	O
like	O
them	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
can	O
say	O
we	O
have	O
reached	O
solutions	O
!!	O


My	O
regards	O
,	O
brother	O
Al	B-PERSON
Shaheen	I-PERSON
.	O


My	O
regards	O
and	O
appreciation	O
to	O
all	O
.	O


Sada	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Harf	I-PERSON


First	B-ORDINAL
Lady	O
of	O
Qatar	B-GPE
?!!!	O


Maybe	O
her	O
name	O
is	O
Mozah	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
?	O


Glory	O
and	O
thanks	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
His	O
creations	O
,	O
His	O
self	O
-	O
satisfaction	O
,	O
the	O
loftiness	O
of	O
His	O
Throne	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
His	O
words	O
.	O


For	O
communication	O
:	O
alsaha100@yahoo.com	O
.	O


Sakr	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Salam	I-PERSON


And	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
Sheikha	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
please	O
?	O


I	O
swear	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
as	O
I	O
understand	O
from	O
your	O
words	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
good	O
goal	O
.	O


Accept	O
my	O
regards	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
wife	O
:	O
be	O
silent	O
.	O


And	O
he	O
said	O
to	O
his	O
son	O
:	O
shut	O
up	O
.	O


Your	O
voices	O
distort	O
my	O
thinking	O
.	O


Do	O
not	O
utter	O
a	O
word	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
write	O
about	O
freedom	O
of	O
expression	O
!	O


Fahd2000	B-PERSON


I	O
expect	O
she	O
would	O
govern	O
Qatar	B-GPE
--	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
said	O
that	O
Qatar	B-GPE
is	O
democratic	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
assign	O
a	O
woman	O
this	O
position	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
......	O


By	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
First	B-ORDINAL
Lady	O
of	O
Qatar	B-GPE
,	O
we	O
knew	O
........	O


who	O
is	O
the	O
First	B-ORDINAL
Man	O
of	O
Qatar	B-GPE
?	O


A	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
from	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Gulf	B-LOC
countries	O
...	O
use	O
this	O
name	O
..!	O


For	O
communication	O
type	O
the	O
email	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
paste	O
it	O


-LRB-	O
i_am_s4udi@yahoo.com	O
-RRB-	O


Al	B-PERSON
Shaheen2005	I-PERSON


Doha	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Reuters	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
-	O


Israeli	B-NORP
Deputy	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
quoted	O
the	O
Prince	O
of	O
Qatar	B-GPE
as	O
saying	O
the	B-ORG
Islamic	I-ORG
Resistance	I-ORG
Movement	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
Hamas	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
would	O
make	O
peace	O
if	O
Israel	B-GPE
would	O
abandon	O
the	O
lands	O
it	O
occupied	O
in	O
the	O
1967	B-DATE
war	O
.	O


Peres	B-PERSON
said	O
he	O
also	O
discussed	O
Iran	B-GPE
's	O
nuclear	O
ambitions	O
with	O
Sheikh	O
Hamad	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Khalifa	I-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Thani	I-PERSON
,	O
Prince	O
of	O
Qatar	B-GPE
,	O
during	O
a	O
rare	O
visit	O
to	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
-	O
allied	O
Gulf	B-LOC
country	O
,	O
his	O
first	B-ORDINAL
in	O
a	O
decade	B-DATE
.	O


"	O
In	O
his	O
judgment	O
,	O
if	O
Israel	B-GPE
would	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
borders	O
of	O
1967	B-DATE
,	O
Hamas	B-ORG
would	O
make	O
peace	O
with	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
"	O
Peres	B-PERSON
told	O
reporters	O
after	O
the	O
meeting	O
.	O


"	O
He	O
-LRB-	O
Sheikh	O
Hamad	B-PERSON
-RRB-	O
says	O
Hamas	B-ORG
was	O
elected	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
thinks	O
Hamas	B-ORG
is	O
more	O
pragmatic	O
than	O
we	O
think	O
.	O
"	O


Peres	B-PERSON
said	O
about	O
the	O
Hamas	B-ORG
movement	O
,	O
which	O
won	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
elections	O
in	O
2006	B-DATE
and	O
refuses	O
to	O
recognize	O
the	O
Jewish	B-NORP
state	O
,	O
"	O
I	O
told	O
him	O
that	O
Hamas	B-ORG
has	O
refused	O
to	O
meet	O
.	O


Hamas	B-ORG
has	O
announced	O
it	O
will	O
not	O
recognize	O
the	O
signed	O
agreements	O
between	O
us	O
and	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
.	O
"	O


Israel	B-GPE
"	O
should	O
,	O
pay	O
so	O
much	O
attention	O
to	O
their	O
declarations	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
please	O
another	O
audience	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
reported	O
Sheikh	O
Hamad	B-PERSON
as	O
saying	O
in	O
the	O
meeting	O
,	O
which	O
lasted	O
for	O
one	B-QUANTITY
hour	I-QUANTITY
,	O
and	O
which	O
he	O
described	O
as	O
"	O
frank	O
and	O
amiable	O
.	O
"	O


Peres	B-PERSON
said	O
the	O
talks	O
also	O
addressed	O
Iran	B-GPE
's	O
nuclear	O
program	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
Israel	B-GPE
would	O
back	O
increased	O
"	O
economic	O
pressure	O
and	O
a	O
psychological	O
campaign	O
"	O
against	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
Iranian	B-NORP
President	O
Mahmoud	B-PERSON
Ahmadinejad	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
is	O
a	O
sworn	O
enemy	O
of	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


"	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
think	O
Israel	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
problem	O
with	O
Iran	B-GPE
;	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
problem	O
with	O
Ahmadinejad	B-PERSON
,	O
"	O
Peres	B-PERSON
said	O
.	O


Peres	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
"	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
dissatisfaction	O
inside	O
Iran	B-GPE
"	O
with	O
the	O
policies	O
of	O
Ahmadinejad	B-PERSON
.	O


"	O
You	O
can	O
not	O
feed	O
your	O
children	O
enriched	O
uranium	O
for	O
breakfast	O
.	O
You	O
need	O
something	O
more	O
than	O
that	O
,	O
"	O
he	O
added	O
.	O


Iran	B-PERSON
's	O
neighbors	O
in	O
the	O
Gulf	B-LOC
expressed	O
their	O
concern	O
over	O
Iran	B-GPE
's	O
nuclear	O
plans	O
,	O
and	O
Saudi	B-NORP
officials	O
said	O
that	O
an	O
Iran	B-GPE
which	O
owns	O
nuclear	O
weapons	O
could	O
spur	O
a	O
regional	O
arms	O
race	O
.	O


Peres	B-PERSON
was	O
the	O
most	O
senior	O
Israeli	B-NORP
official	O
to	O
visit	O
Doha	B-GPE
in	O
1996	B-DATE
when	O
he	O
opened	O
a	O
trade	O
office	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
no	O
official	O
diplomatic	O
relations	O
with	O
Qatar	B-GPE
.	O


Qatar	B-GPE
and	O
several	O
other	O
Arab	B-NORP
countries	O
ended	O
an	O
economic	O
ban	O
on	O
Israel	B-GPE
after	O
it	O
signed	O
interim	O
peace	O
agreements	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
in	O
1993	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
relations	O
deteriorated	O
after	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
uprising	O
in	O
2000	B-DATE
.	O


My	O
forehead	O
is	O
up	O
.	O


al_shaheen2005@hotmail.com	O


Al	B-PERSON
Shaheen2005	I-PERSON


Esseri	B-PERSON
.	O


A	O
crisis	O
and	O
what	O
a	O
crisis	O
...	O


In	O
general	O
,	O
I	O
believe	O
they	O
will	O
look	O
for	O
any	O
justification	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
attract	O
the	O
likes	O
of	O
Peres	B-PERSON
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
facilitates	O
his	O
attendance	O
and	O
presence	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
ok	O
also	O
if	O
that	O
lecture	O
story	O
is	O
used	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
it	O
achieves	O
the	O
goal	O
.	O


Sufficient	O
unto	O
us	O
is	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
He	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
supporter	O
.	O


My	O
forehead	O
is	O
up	O
.	O


al_shaheen2005@hotmail.com	O


Peres	B-PERSON
says	O
:	O
All	O
Qataris	B-NORP
Want	O
Hamas	B-ORG
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Wajba	I-PERSON
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Wajba	I-PERSON
salutes	O
you	O
and	O
says	O
:	O
Passing	O
by	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
airspace	O
,	O
Peres	B-PERSON
arrived	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
for	O
a	O
short	O
visit	O
to	O
the	O
Qatar	B-ORG
Debates	I-ORG
program	O
with	O
a	O
special	O
invitation	O
since	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
miniature	O
democratic	O
seminar	O
to	O
study	O
and	O
discuss	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
issues	O
and	O
the	O
ways	O
of	O
tackling	O
them	O
...	O


The	B-ORG
Doha	I-ORG
Debates	I-ORG
are	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
miniature	O
source	O
of	O
democracy	O
in	O
a	O
big	O
oasis	O
that	O
gathers	O
the	O
Qataris	B-NORP
in	O
a	O
unique	O
mixture	O
of	O
intellectual	O
openness	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
awareness	O
of	O
all	O
that	O
is	O
happening	O
in	O
an	O
atmosphere	O
removed	O
from	O
any	O
twitching	O
or	O
nervousness	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
solve	O
issues	O
in	O
a	O
totally	O
calm	O
way	O
..	O


Qatar	B-GPE
's	O
reception	O
for	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
came	O
from	O
this	O
angle	O
..	O
addressing	O
the	O
mind	O
and	O
conversing	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
solution	O
for	O
many	O
pending	O
matters	O
and	O
also	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
Qatari	B-NORP
public	O
in	O
particular	O
and	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
public	O
in	O
general	O
understand	O
what	O
takes	O
place	O
in	O
a	O
democratic	O
atmosphere	O
..	O


In	O
Qatar	B-GPE
there	O
are	O
many	O
independent	O
universities	O
,	O
both	O
Arab	B-NORP
and	O
international	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
branches	O
of	O
well	O
established	O
international	O
universities	O
.	O


The	O
invitation	O
was	O
from	O
the	O
Doha	B-ORG
Debates	I-ORG
program	O
..	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
program	O
that	O
gathers	O
together	O
many	O
intellectuals	O
,	O
scientists	O
,	O
heads	O
of	O
state	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
to	O
discuss	O
numerous	O
topics	O
with	O
complete	O
transparency	O
and	O
democracy	O
..	O


I	O
was	O
hoping	O
that	O
the	O
Doha	B-ORG
Debates	I-ORG
program	O
would	O
invite	O
Prince	O
Sultan	B-PERSON
to	O
ask	O
him	O
about	O
the	O
weapons	O
deal	O
or	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Walid	I-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Talal	I-PERSON
to	O
ask	O
him	O
about	O
waste	O
and	O
the	O
launching	O
of	O
the	O
songs	O
channels	O
,	O
or	O
Luluah	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Faisal	I-PERSON
and	O
her	O
future	O
ambitions	O
..	O


Claiming	O
power	O
by	O
being	O
silent	O
is	O
something	O
shameful	O
for	O
some	O
countries	O
as	O
is	O
deluding	O
the	O
people	O
with	O
their	O
silence	O
into	O
thinking	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
powerful	O
while	O
in	O
fact	O
they	O
are	O
hiding	O
their	O
weakness	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
dialogue	O
is	O
neither	O
a	O
shame	O
nor	O
should	O
it	O
be	O
rejected	O
..	O


You	O
talk	O
to	O
your	O
enemy	O
and	O
discuss	O
with	O
him	O
..	O


But	O
the	O
closed	O
door	O
policy	O
..	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
disaster	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
a	O
pretense	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
brave	O
through	O
a	O
lying	O
and	O
trumpeting	O
media	O
while	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
you	O
fail	O
in	O
the	O
least	O
confrontation	O
..	O


Back	O
to	O
the	O
main	O
issue	O
..	O
we	O
say	O
who	O
is	O
Peres	B-PERSON
?	O


No	O
one	O
denies	O
that	O
Peres	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
criminal	O
.	O


But	O
who	O
is	O
Peres	B-PERSON
?	O


Peres	B-PERSON
received	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Nobel	I-WORK_OF_ART
Peace	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
1994	B-DATE
.	O


He	O
shared	O
the	O
prize	O
with	O
both	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Prime	O
Minister	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
Yitzhak	B-PERSON
Rabin	I-PERSON
.	O


Peres	B-PERSON
has	O
a	O
special	O
interest	O
in	O
precision	O
electronics	O
.	O


In	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
established	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Peres	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Peace	I-ORG
.	O
"	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
the	O
man	O
is	O
looking	O
for	O
more	O
peace	O
than	O
war	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
difference	O
between	O
holding	O
discussions	O
with	O
a	O
man	O
of	O
peace	O
and	O
holding	O
discussions	O
with	O
a	O
man	O
looking	O
for	O
war	O
..	O


Peres	B-PERSON
is	O
also	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
received	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Nobel	I-WORK_OF_ART
Peace	I-WORK_OF_ART
Prize	I-WORK_OF_ART
jointly	O
with	O
Arafat	B-PERSON
..	O


Peres	B-PERSON
spent	O
money	O
establishing	O
the	B-ORG
Peres	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Peace	I-ORG
while	O
Yasser	B-PERSON
Arafat	I-PERSON
spent	O
money	O
on	O
his	O
wife	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
n't	O
heard	O
that	O
he	O
established	O
any	O
organization	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
people	O
with	O
that	O
money	O
..	O


When	O
he	O
took	O
office	O
as	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Peres	B-PERSON
concluded	O
successful	O
transactions	O
to	O
acquire	O
weapons	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
sought	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
deterrent	O
nuclear	O
program	O
since	O
Israel	B-GPE
owns	O
the	O
biggest	O
nuclear	O
arsenal	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


All	O
this	O
was	O
during	O
his	O
tenure	O
.	O


This	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
man	O
thinks	O
and	O
plans	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
his	O
knowledge	O
and	O
studies	O
in	O
his	O
field	O
of	O
electronics	O
..	O


Again	O
we	O
say	O
that	O
knowledge	O
is	O
a	O
powerful	O
weapon	O
for	O
any	O
national	O
progress	O
..	O


Peres	B-PERSON
attained	O
this	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
..	O
knowledge	O
and	O
proficiency	O
..	O
in	O
his	O
personality	O
,	O
which	O
helped	O
give	O
him	O
an	O
edge	O
in	O
confronting	O
any	O
situation	O
by	O
putting	O
him	O
in	O
a	O
position	O
of	O
strength	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
weakness	O
..	O


Conversely	O
,	O
we	O
see	O
the	O
squandering	O
of	O
money	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
for	O
trivial	O
things	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
serve	O
the	O
Palestinian	B-NORP
cause	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
serve	O
the	O
Arabs	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Muslims	B-NORP
.	O


We	O
find	O
numerous	O
satellite	O
channels	O
financed	O
by	O
Islamic	B-NORP
countries	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
also	O
find	O
numerous	O
princes	O
and	O
kings	O
and	O
presidents	O
who	O
spend	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
money	O
on	O
their	O
vacations	O
.	O


We	O
also	O
find	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
people	O
and	O
some	O
Gulf	B-LOC
people	O
live	O
below	O
the	O
poverty	O
line	O
..	O


Furthermore	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
presidents	O
of	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
and	O
Gulf	B-LOC
states	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
any	O
high	O
scientific	O
degree	O
or	O
any	O
sound	O
plan	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
strong	O
country	O
at	O
the	O
scientific	O
level	O
..	O


They	O
do	O
not	O
even	O
have	O
any	O
interest	O
in	O
education	O
or	O
in	O
establishing	O
strong	O
universities	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
Qatar	B-GPE
.	O


Back	O
to	O
our	O
topic	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
posted	O
pictures	O
in	O
the	O
forum	O
did	O
not	O
mention	O
the	O
topic	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
refer	O
to	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
the	O
visit	O
.	O


They	O
just	O
posted	O
the	O
pictures	O
and	O
commented	O
on	O
the	O
topic	O
from	O
their	O
imagination	O
..	O


His	O
Highness	O
the	O
Prince	O
receives	O
the	O
man	O
of	O
peace	O
in	O
Israel	B-GPE
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
bring	O
Hamas	B-ORG
and	O
Israel	B-GPE
together	O
.	O


All	O
this	O
in	O
consultation	O
with	O
Hamas	B-ORG
in	O
Syria	B-GPE
and	O
Palestine	B-GPE
so	O
as	O
to	O
bring	O
views	O
closer	O
..	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
this	O
approach	O
of	O
holding	O
a	O
meeting	O
between	O
Peres	B-PERSON
and	O
Hamas	B-ORG
without	O
preliminary	O
agreement	O
by	O
the	O
leaders	O
of	O
Hamas	B-ORG
basically	O
holds	O
no	O
benefit	O
for	O
Qatar	B-GPE
.	O


Al	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Doha	I-GPE
-	O
Al	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Rayah	I-GPE
-	O
Quna	B-GPE
:	O


Yesterday	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
His	O
Highness	O
Sheikh	O
Hamad	B-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Khalifa	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Thani	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
dearly	O
beloved	O
Prince	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
received	O
in	O
his	O
office	O
in	O
the	O
government	O
building	O
,	O
His	O
Excellency	O
Mr.	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
Deputy	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
occasion	O
of	O
his	O
visit	O
to	O
the	O
country	O
at	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
the	O
Doha	B-ORG
Debates	I-ORG
program	O
.	O


The	O
meeting	O
was	O
attended	O
by	O
His	O
Excellency	O
Mr.	O
Ahmed	B-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Abdullah	I-PERSON
Aal	I-PERSON
Mahmoud	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Minister	O
of	O
state	O
for	O
Foreign	O
Affairs	O
,	O
His	O
Excellency	O
Sheikh	O
Abd	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Rahman	I-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Saud	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Thani	I-PERSON
,	O
Head	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
building	O
,	O
and	O
Ambassador	O
Ali	B-PERSON
Fahd	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hajiri	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Head	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
European	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
American	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
in	O
the	B-ORG
Foreign	I-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
.	O


Peres	B-PERSON
admitted	O
that	O
his	O
country	O
lost	O
the	O
last	O
war	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
this	O
war	O
was	O
a	O
loss	O
for	O
Israel	B-GPE
from	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
of	O
many	O
politicians	O
.	O


In	O
my	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
every	O
war	O
is	O
a	O
loss	O
because	O
peace	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
option	O
and	O
is	O
required	O
in	O
the	O
coming	O
period	O
for	O
all	O
parties	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
special	O
episode	O
of	O
the	O
Doha	B-WORK_OF_ART
Debates	I-WORK_OF_ART
program	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
Israel	B-GPE
tried	O
to	O
defend	O
itself	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
which	O
it	O
launched	O
against	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
recently	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
Israel	B-GPE
did	O
not	O
have	O
any	O
ambitions	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
deter	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
considered	O
the	O
statement	O
of	O
former	O
American	B-NORP
President	O
Jimmy	B-PERSON
Carter	I-PERSON
on	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
oppression	O
of	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
a	O
grave	O
mistake	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
stressed	O
that	O
Carter	B-PERSON
should	O
withdraw	O
these	O
opinions	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
Israel	B-GPE
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
problem	O
with	O
Iran	B-GPE
but	O
they	O
are	O
against	O
Ahmadinejad	B-PERSON
because	O
of	O
his	O
desire	O
to	O
eradicate	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


Peres	B-PERSON
admitted	O
his	O
failure	O
to	O
achieve	O
full	O
peace	O
and	O
stressed	O
that	O
he	O
regretted	O
that	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
stressed	O
his	O
desire	O
that	O
Arabs	B-NORP
and	O
Israelis	B-NORP
should	O
live	O
in	O
peace	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
cycle	O
of	O
violence	O
,	O
destruction	O
and	O
murder	O
of	O
innocents	O
should	O
stop	O
.	O


..	O


Without	O
dialogue	O
,	O
how	O
would	O
you	O
know	O
the	O
thought	O
of	O
your	O
enemy	O
?	O
How	O
would	O
you	O
know	O
his	O
plan	O
?	O
How	O
would	O
you	O
discern	O
whether	O
he	O
is	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
is	O
looking	O
for	O
peace	O
or	O
the	O
opposite	O
?	O


An	O
image	O
from	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Doha	I-WORK_OF_ART
Debates	I-WORK_OF_ART
..	O


During	O
the	O
program	O
Peres	B-PERSON
said	O
that	O
Israel	B-GPE
lost	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
,,	O
and	O
that	O
their	O
attack	O
was	O
only	O
to	O
deter	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
..	O


In	O
my	O
opinion	O
,	O
every	O
war	O
is	O
a	O
loss	O
because	O
peace	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
choice	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
required	O
in	O
the	O
coming	O
period	O
for	O
all	O
parties	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
special	O
episode	O
of	O
the	O
Doha	B-WORK_OF_ART
Debates	I-WORK_OF_ART
program	O
yesterday	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
Israel	B-GPE
tried	O
to	O
defend	O
itself	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
it	O
launched	O
against	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
recently	O
.	O
And	O
that	O
Israel	B-GPE
had	O
no	O
ambitions	O
there	O
and	O
that	O
its	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
deter	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
considered	O
the	O
statement	O
of	O
former	O
American	B-NORP
President	O
Jimmy	B-PERSON
Carter	I-PERSON
about	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
oppression	O
of	O
the	O
Palestinians	B-NORP
a	O
grave	O
mistake	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
stressed	O
that	O
Carter	B-PERSON
should	O
retract	O
these	O
opinions	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
Israel	B-GPE
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
problem	O
with	O
Iran	B-GPE
but	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
against	O
Ahmadinejad	B-PERSON
because	O
of	O
his	O
desire	O
to	O
eradicate	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


Peres	B-PERSON
admitted	O
his	O
failure	O
to	O
achieve	O
full	O
peace	O
,	O
and	O
stressed	O
that	O
he	O
regretted	O
that	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
stressed	O
his	O
desire	O
that	O
Arabs	B-NORP
and	O
Israelis	B-NORP
should	O
live	O
in	O
peace	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
cycle	O
of	O
violence	O
,	O
destruction	O
and	O
murdering	O
of	O
innocents	O
would	O
stop	O
.	O


Peres	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
to	O
the	O
students	O
'	O
hall	O
so	O
they	O
could	O
talk	O
to	O
him	O
-LRB-	O
as	O
a	O
man	O
of	O
peace	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
not	O
as	O
a	O
Jew	B-NORP
or	O
a	O
war	O
criminal	O
..	O
that	O
is	O
something	O
normal	O
for	O
any	O
visiting	O
official	O
to	O
be	O
received	O
by	O
university	O
officials	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
picture	O
is	O
normal	O
.	O


Discussion	O
of	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
-	O
Israeli	B-NORP
situation	O
by	O
the	O
students	O
in	O
a	O
unique	O
democratic	O
oasis	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
.	O


All	O
sides	O
are	O
there	O
..	O
debating	O
,	O
discussing	O
,	O
arguing	O
in	O
a	O
democratic	O
atmosphere	O
difficult	O
to	O
see	O
in	O
any	O
country	O
..	O


I	O
think	O
,	O
in	O
my	O
opinion	O
,	O
that	O
if	O
democracy	O
in	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
is	O
non-existent	O
in	O
the	O
simplest	O
matters	O
related	O
to	O
their	O
personal	O
rights	O
and	O
the	O
demand	O
for	O
them	O
.	O
Then	O
how	O
could	O
they	O
reach	O
to	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
Qatar	B-GPE
in	O
gathering	O
this	O
huge	O
number	O
of	O
intellectuals	O
,	O
politicians	O
,	O
and	O
heads	O
of	O
state	O
to	O
discuss	O
sensitive	O
issues	O
that	O
concern	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
World	O
?	O


After	O
Qatar	B-GPE
went	O
beyond	O
local	O
democracy	O
and	O
human	O
rights	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
..	O
praise	O
God	O
and	O
many	O
thanks	O
to	O
His	O
Highness	O
Sheikh	O
Hamad	B-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Khalifa	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Thani	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
established	O
democracy	O
and	O
freedom	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
..	O
and	O
made	O
Qatar	B-GPE
a	O
platform	O
for	O
dialogue	O
..	O
so	O
the	O
discussion	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
was	O
disagreement	O
and	O
agreement	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
something	O
normal	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
atmosphere	O
..	O


But	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
we	O
find	O
different	O
meetings	O
without	O
any	O
outcome	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
democratic	O
basis	O
for	O
dialogue	O
.	O


All	O
that	O
results	O
from	O
not	O
accepting	O
various	O
opinions	O
.	O


Conversely	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
freedom	O
among	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
people	O
we	O
find	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
America	B-GPE
which	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
driver	O
's	O
seat	O
and	O
steers	O
guests	O
wherever	O
it	O
wants	O
and	O
takes	O
them	O
on	O
tours	O
without	O
any	O
questioning	O
directed	O
at	O
it	O
.	O


All	O
this	O
marginalizes	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
individual	O
as	O
though	O
he	O
had	O
no	O
-LRB-	O
mind	O
-RRB-	O
or	O
-LRB-	O
opinion	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
find	O
that	O
the	O
areas	O
he	O
is	O
allowed	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
are	O
women	O
driving	O
in	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
and	O
similar	O
useless	O
topics	O
..	O


I	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
explain	O
something	O
to	O
the	O
brothers	O
:	O
Peres	B-PERSON
's	O
visit	O
is	O
an	O
internal	O
Qatari	B-NORP
affair	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
announced	O
in	O
the	O
newspapers	O
that	O
Peres	B-PERSON
would	O
visit	O
Qatar	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
in	O
the	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Qatari	B-NORP
newspapers	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
writers	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
who	O
have	O
positive	O
opinions	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
negative	O
opinions	O
.	O


This	O
difference	O
is	O
good	O
and	O
something	O
through	O
which	O
nations	O
and	O
people	O
progress	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
what	O
happened	O
in	O
the	O
forum	O
.	O


While	O
he	O
was	O
leaving	O
the	O
hall	O
,	O
a	O
student	O
addressed	O
Shimon	B-PERSON
Peres	I-PERSON
with	O
the	O
word	O
"	O
terrorist	O
"	O
..	O
"	O
terrorist	O
"	O
in	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
which	O
caused	O
the	O
accompanying	O
Qatari	B-NORP
security	O
to	O
intervene	O
to	O
prevent	O
him	O
from	O
continuing	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
question	O
now	O
is	O
:	O
Who	O
is	O
better	O
..	O
Peres	B-PERSON
or	O
George	B-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
?	O


How	O
many	O
did	O
Peres	B-PERSON
kill	O
and	O
how	O
many	O
did	O
Bush	B-PERSON
kill	O
?	O


Goodbye	O
.	O


jassem1@hotmail.com	O


Fahd2000	B-PERSON


If	O
a	O
people	O
is	O
hit	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
with	O
a	O
shoe	O
*********	O
the	O
shoe	O
would	O
cry	O
out	O
,	O
"	O
for	O
what	O
sin	O
am	O
I	O
being	O
hit	O
?	O
"	O


This	O
name	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
17	B-CARDINAL
people	O
from	O
three	B-CARDINAL
Gulf	B-LOC
States	O
!	O


For	O
correspondence	O
..	O


-LRB-	O
i_am_s4udi@yahoo.com	O
-RRB-	O


write	O
to	O
the	O
email	O
address	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
copy	O
it	O
!	O


The	B-PERSON
jesting	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
pen	I-PERSON


Whaaaaaaaaaaat	O
a	O
shaaaaaaame	O
.	O


The	O
girls	O
of	O
Qatar	B-GPE
shake	O
hands	O
with	O
the	O
dirty	O
Jewish	B-NORP
men	O
?	O


Grief	O
for	O
our	O
Arabism	B-NORP
.	O


Pictures	O
published	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
on	O
the	O
forum	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
a	O
comment	O
coming	O
next	O
.	O


Starting	O
from	O
this	O
date	O
,	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
/	I-DATE
al	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
Muharram	I-DATE
/	I-DATE
1428	I-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
the	O
identification	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
another	O
writer	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
poor	I-PERSON
slave	I-PERSON


Brother	O
Jasim	B-PERSON
...	O
may	O
Allah	O
guide	O
him	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
defects	O
in	O
this	O
exposition	O
of	O
yours	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
-	O
lack	O
of	O
vision	O
:	O


You	O
describe	O
the	O
contemporary	O
Qatari	B-NORP
situation	O
as	O
just	O
a	O
legitimate	O
quest	O
for	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
superiority	O
..	O


If	O
we	O
could	O
agree	O
that	O
we	O
fall	O
behind	O
the	O
Zionists	B-NORP
and	O
Americans	B-NORP
in	O
such	O
fields	O
...	O
however	O
the	O
problem	O
lies	O
in	O
ignoring	O
all	O
this	O
clear	O
evidence	O
that	O
the	O
scientific	O
project	O
is	O
nothing	O
but	O
a	O
small	O
misleading	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
campaign	O
meant	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
Islamic	B-NORP
Gulf	B-LOC
and	O
Qatari	B-NORP
identity	O
and	O
to	O
remove	O
its	O
established	O
fixed	O
principles	O
in	O
which	O
they	O
surpass	O
everything	O
that	O
the	O
Zionists	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
have	O
.	O


How	O
can	O
you	O
reconcile	O
the	O
will	O
of	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
progress	O
..	O
and	O
hosting	O
the	B-EVENT
Asian	I-EVENT
Olympics	I-EVENT
or	O
a	O
military	O
base	O
or	O
a	O
Zionist	B-NORP
politician	O
or	O
a	O
program	O
like	O
the	B-ORG
Doha	I-ORG
Debates	I-ORG
?	O


So	O
...	O
the	O
purely	O
scientific	O
and	O
technological	O
side	O
can	O
not	O
justify	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
.	O


*****	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
the	O
contradiction	O
of	O
principle	O
and	O
the	O
dominance	O
of	O
worldly	O
interests	O
.	O


In	O
your	O
article	O
here	O
,	O
you	O
justified	O
the	O
legitimacy	O
of	O
hosting	O
Peres	B-PERSON
from	O
the	O
perspective	O
of	O
exchanging	O
opinions	O
,	O
dialogue	O
,	O
and	O
using	O
intellect	O
...	O


Would	O
you	O
have	O
held	O
the	O
same	O
position	O
if	O
a	O
terrorist	O
or	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
criminal	O
were	O
hosted	O
under	O
the	O
slogan	O
of	O
,	O
the	O
language	O
of	O
reason	O
,	O
friendly	O
media	O
dialogue	O
,	O
and	O
openness	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
?...	O


Would	O
you	O
accept	O
it	O
if	O
your	O
neighbor	O
hosted	O
someone	O
who	O
had	O
attacked	O
you	O
??	O


So	O
...	O
there	O
are	O
principles	O
that	O
must	O
be	O
adhered	O
to	O
..	O


The	O
most	O
important	O
of	O
them	O
is	O
supporting	O
the	O
truth	O
and	O
loyalty	O
to	O
Muslims	B-NORP
even	O
if	O
it	O
goes	O
against	O
narrow	O
personal	O
interests	O
...	O
and	O
the	O
relationship	O
of	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
with	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
...	O


Despite	O
my	O
being	O
convinced	O
that	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
limited	O
after	O
the	O
latter	O
's	O
aggression	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
in	O
any	O
way	O
reach	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
relationship	O
of	O
Qatar	B-GPE
with	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
themselves	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
The	O
tension	O
in	O
the	O
relations	O
with	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
recently	O
and	O
the	O
military	O
base	O
on	O
the	O
Qatari	B-NORP
territory	O
despite	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
peace	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
are	O
evidence	O
of	O
that	O
-RRB-	O
...	O


So	O
how	O
come	O
Qatar	B-GPE
is	O
now	O
adding	O
to	O
this	O
with	O
intimate	O
relations	O
with	O
those	O
whose	O
existence	O
and	O
history	O
and	O
reality	O
are	O
entirely	O
connected	O
to	O
aggression	O
against	O
Muslims	B-NORP
..	O
namely	O
the	O
Zionists	B-NORP
!!?	O


A	O
mistake	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
justified	O
by	O
committing	O
a	O
bigger	O
mistake	O
or	O
proceeding	O
further	O
in	O
it	O
!!	O
.	O


****	O


Thirdly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
going	O
overboard	O
with	O
freedom	O
:	O


There	O
is	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
mania	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
freedom	O
that	O
makes	O
many	O
people	O
think	O
that	O
every	O
freedom	O
is	O
commendable	O
..	O
While	O
giving	O
free	O
rein	O
to	O
freedom	O
is	O
a	O
recipe	O
for	O
chaos	O
and	O
corruption	O
..	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
speech	O
or	O
science	O
...	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
room	O
for	O
freedom	O
in	O
talking	O
about	O
God	O
and	O
His	O
Prophet	B-PERSON
and	O
His	O
verses	O
since	O
it	O
comes	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
what	O
brought	O
the	O
disbelievers	O
to	O
hell	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
used	O
to	O
embark	O
boldly	O
with	O
bold	O
talkers	O
..	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
room	O
for	O
leaving	O
the	O
door	O
wide	O
open	O
for	O
discussing	O
or	O
teaching	O
"	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
"	O
as	O
the	O
theory	O
of	O
development	O
..	O
or	O
the	O
theories	O
of	O
Darwin	B-PERSON
..	O
or	O
how	O
to	O
make	O
bombs	O
or	O
liquor	O
..	O
or	O
the	O
creeds	O
of	O
polytheism	O
or	O
excessiveness	O
in	O
regarding	O
others	O
as	O
unbelievers	O
..	O
or	O
the	O
sciences	O
of	O
judging	O
with	O
anything	O
other	O
than	O
the	O
revelations	O
of	O
God	O
-LRB-	O
except	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
warning	O
against	O
them	O
-RRB-	O
..	O


So	O
...	O
imposing	O
censorship	O
and	O
certain	O
regulations	O
on	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
educational	O
and	O
media	O
institutions	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
matter	O
for	O
censure	O
or	O
a	O
sign	O
of	O
backwardness	O
...	O
rather	O
it	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
necessary	O
and	O
urgent	O
requirement	O
...	O
especially	O
if	O
those	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
theses	O
institutions	O
are	O
non-Muslims	B-NORP
..	O
or	O
if	O
the	O
ones	O
exposed	O
are	O
our	O
younger	O
generation	O
and	O
the	O
treasures	O
of	O
our	O
nation	O
!!.	O


You	O
might	O
even	O
be	O
filled	O
with	O
admiration	O
of	O
the	O
contradiction	O
in	O
attitudes	O
when	O
you	O
see	O
the	O
"	O
supporters	O
of	O
freedom	O
"	O
demanding	O
the	O
imposition	O
of	O
government	O
censorship	O
on	O
courses	O
in	O
Koran	B-WORK_OF_ART
memorization	O
,	O
charitable	O
institutions	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
pulpits	O
in	O
some	O
of	O
our	O
countries	O
!!!!.	O


+++	O


What	O
is	O
happening	O
in	O
Qatar	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
political	O
and	O
intellectual	O
penetration	O
in	O
the	O
countries	O
of	O
the	O
region	O
in	O
every	O
meaning	O
of	O
the	O
word	O
..	O


The	O
danger	O
they	O
face	O
is	O
very	O
serious	O
...	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
those	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
penetrate	O
us	O
will	O
not	O
declare	O
that	O
...	O


Rather	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
hide	O
their	O
aims	O
behind	O
sweet	O
words	O
or	O
promises	O
of	O
providing	O
limited	O
or	O
imaginary	O
benefits	O
...	O


Otherwise	O
,	O
we	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
deceived	O
by	O
the	O
trick	O
...	O


For	O
many	O
Muslims	B-NORP
today	O
their	O
priorities	O
are	O
confused	O
...	O


So	O
they	O
weigh	O
things	O
without	O
the	O
guidance	O
of	O
God	O
...	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
real	O
reason	O
for	O
our	O
present	O
situation	O
..	O
not	O
just	O
because	O
of	O
scientific	O
or	O
technological	O
backwardness	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
You	O
will	O
find	O
the	O
Jews	B-NORP
and	O
polytheists	O
the	O
ones	O
most	O
hostile	O
to	O
the	O
believers	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
God	O
forbids	O
you	O
to	O
turn	O
in	O
friendship	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
fought	O
against	O
you	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
your	O
religion	O
and	O
who	O
drove	O
you	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
homes	O
and	O
who	O
helped	O
others	O
drive	O
you	O
out	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
turn	O
to	O
them	O
are	O
evildoers	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
four	B-CARDINAL
types	O
of	O
men	O
:	O


The	O
man	O
who	O
knows	O
and	O
knows	O
that	O
he	O
knows	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
a	O
scholar	O
,	O
so	O
ask	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
who	O
knows	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
know	O
that	O
he	O
knows	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
forgotten	O
,	O
so	O
remind	O
him	O
...	O


The	O
man	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
know	O
and	O
knows	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
not	O
know	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
ignorant	O
,	O
so	O
teach	O
him	O
...	O


And	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
know	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
know	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
not	O
know	O
.	O


He	O
is	O
a	O
fool	O
so	O
reject	O
him	O
...	O


Abu	B-PERSON
Karam	I-PERSON


I	O
am	O
a	O
programmer	O
and	O
a	O
computer	O
systems	O
analyst	O
..	O


I	O
took	O
a	O
course	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
computers	O
and	O
Qatari	B-NORP
trainees	O
attended	O
the	O
course	O
with	O
us	O
..	O


What	O
happened	O
was	O
that	O
after	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
those	O
Qataris	B-NORP
disappeared	O
and	O
I	O
never	O
saw	O
them	O
again	O
..	O


I	O
saw	O
them	O
a	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
in	O
the	O
restaurant	O
of	O
the	O
institute	O
.	O


I	O
asked	O
them	O
"	O
I	O
hope	O
that	O
nothing	O
bad	O
has	O
happened	O
.	O
Where	O
have	O
you	O
been	O
?	O
you	O
have	O
n't	O
attended	O
with	O
us	O
..	O
"	O


They	O
said	O
,,	O
The	O
lecturer	O
comes	O
in	O
,	O
gives	O
the	O
lecture	O
,	O
and	O
leaves	O
but	O
we	O
do	O
not	O
understand	O
anything	O
even	O
though	O
he	O
is	O
an	B-NORP
Egyptian	I-NORP
Arab	I-NORP
..	O


We	O
decided	O
to	O
transfer	O
to	O
a	O
course	O
that	O
is	O
easier	O
than	O
this	O
one	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
administration	O
.	O


The	O
director	O
of	O
admissions	O
understood	O
our	O
situation	O
and	O
accepted	O
the	O
transfer	O
to	O
a	O
program	O
in	O
administration	O
.	O


So	O
why	O
should	O
we	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
Qatar	B-GPE
without	O
getting	O
a	O
degree	O
?	O
"	O


But	O
you	O
,	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Wajba	I-PERSON
,	O
are	O
sitting	O
here	O
philosophizing	O
,	O
telling	O
lies	O
,	O
and	O
saying	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
an	O
advanced	O
educational	O
system	O
.	O


And	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
also	O
Omanis	B-NORP
with	O
us	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
completed	O
the	O
course	O
normally	O
with	O
us	O
..	O


In	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
,	O
the	O
course	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
C++	B-LANGUAGE
language	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
easy	O
,	O
but	O
such	O
is	O
your	O
education	O
that	O
maybe	O
you	O
do	O
,	O
even	O
know	O
anything	O
about	O
Access	B-PRODUCT
..	O


Anyone	O
who	O
heard	O
you	O
would	O
say	O
that	O
you	O
went	O
into	O
space	O
or	O
that	O
you	O
had	O
separation	O
surgery	O
for	O
Siamese	O
twins	O
..	O


I	O
say	O
God	O
have	O
mercy	O
on	O
Mazna	O
.	O


Assistant	B-PERSON
1	I-PERSON


Shalom	O
,	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Wajba	I-PERSON
...	O
It	O
is	O
really	O
you	O
and	O
not	O
the	O
Qatari	B-NORP
people	O
...	O


You	O
are	O
a	O
rich	O
meal	O
for	O
every	O
enemy	O
of	O
the	O
Arabs	B-NORP
and	O
Muslims	B-NORP
...	O


Congratulations	O
for	O
having	O
Peres	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
shalom	O
to	O
you	O
from	O
Sharon	B-PERSON
whose	O
health	O
you	O
pray	O
for	O
so	O
he	O
can	O
finish	O
off	O
what	O
remains	O
of	O
Hamas	B-ORG
.	O


Shalom	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
to	O
Peres	B-PERSON
,	O
but	O
do	O
n't	O
lie	O
and	O
say	O
he	O
came	O
to	O
you	O
through	O
Saudi	B-NORP
airspace	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
are	O
excused	O
since	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
where	O
he	O
came	O
from	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
blame	O
you	O
if	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
greater	O
than	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
enter	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
base	O
......	O


It	O
is	O
enough	O
that	O
he	O
reached	O
you	O
and	O
you	O
were	O
careful	O
about	O
his	O
security	O
and	O
comfort	O
.	O


Here	O
is	O
this	O
link	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
situations	O
like	O
yours	O
....	O


God	O
bless	O
the	O
sheikh	O
,	O
the	O
father	O
whose	O
hand	O
was	O
not	O
polluted	O
by	O
the	O
hand	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
man	O
of	O
peace	O
"	O
as	O
you	O
say	O
,	O
Peres	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
remained	O
honorable	O
and	O
dignified	O
.	O


http://alsaha2.fares.net/sahat?128@247.n9fpcUVKH9b.0@.3ba9b6f7	O


sul	O


That	O
idea	O
of	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
airspace	O
is	O
nice	O
,	O
but	O
what	O
is	O
nicer	O
than	O
that	O
is	O
playing	O
host	O
to	O
the	O
democratic	O
enemy	O
in	O
your	O
land	O
...	O


But	O
my	O
opinion	O
is	O
for	O
you	O
and	O
the	O
Qataris	B-NORP
to	O
discuss	O
with	O
him	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
murdering	O
innocent	O
children	O
and	O
usurping	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
others	O
.	O


Or	O
more	O
clearly	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
ask	O
him	O
to	O
explain	O
to	O
you	O
how	O
to	O
hate	O
your	O
neighbors	O
and	O
maybe	O
he	O
would	O
train	O
you	O
in	O
usurping	O
their	O
rights	O
or	O
train	O
you	O
in	O
killing	O
and	O
shedding	O
blood	O
...	O


The	O
phrase	O
"	O
away	O
from	O
any	O
prejudice	O
"	O
is	O
also	O
nice	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
you	O
have	O
any	O
feelings	O
of	O
group	O
spirit	O
,	O
my	O
friend	O
?	O


What	O
the	O
Jews	B-NORP
are	O
doing	O
does	O
not	O
call	O
for	O
any	O
prejudice	O
or	O
bias	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
what	O
runs	O
in	O
your	O
veins	O
is	O
not	O
blood	O
but	O
cold	O
water	O
...	O


You	O
justify	O
this	O
visit	O
by	O
this	O
person	O
,	O
whose	O
hands	O
are	O
stained	O
with	O
the	O
blood	O
of	O
the	O
Muslims	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
you	O
criticize	O
the	O
weapons	O
deals	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
normal	O
.	O


These	O
weapons	O
are	O
for	O
defending	O
ourselves	O
against	O
our	O
enemy	O
whom	O
you	O
receive	O
with	O
hugs	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
..	O
While	O
those	O
who	O
you	O
say	O
are	O
strong	O
are	O
strong	O
indeed	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
Peres	B-PERSON
.	O


They	O
are	O
strong	O
and	O
we	O
wo	O
n't	O
invite	O
them	O
to	O
our	O
country	O
to	O
discuss	O
their	O
culture	O
which	O
we	O
know	O
and	O
you	O
know	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
are	O
weak	O
,	O
weaker	O
than	O
a	O
fly	O
.	O


Therefore	O
you	O
are	O
feigning	O
strength	O
with	O
the	O
descendents	O
of	O
monkeys	O
.	O


Why	O
should	O
we	O
go	O
that	O
far	O
?	O


Previously	O
,	O
your	O
foreign	O
minister	O
likened	O
your	O
small	O
country	O
to	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


What	O
a	O
bad	O
comparison	O
and	O
what	O
it	O
was	O
compared	O
to	O
!	O


You	O
greatly	O
admire	O
the	O
Peres	B-PERSON
's	O
education	O
and	O
his	O
academic	O
degrees	O
.	O


Who	O
else	O
other	O
than	O
you	O
would	O
admire	O
that	O
?	O


He	O
is	O
your	O
highest	O
ideal	O
...	O


If	O
you	O
were	O
a	O
Muslim	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
had	O
an	O
atom	O
of	O
religion	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
written	O
this	O
article	O
.	O


I	O
grieve	O
for	O
myself	O
while	O
I	O
am	O
replying	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
people	O
like	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
spared	O
because	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
shame	O
to	O
Islam	B-ORG
and	O
Muslims	B-NORP
.	O


Car	B-WORK_OF_ART
Club	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazirah	I-ORG
Newspaper	O
and	O
Women	O
Driving	O


Expatriate	B-PERSON
Away	I-PERSON
From	I-PERSON
Home	I-PERSON


Praise	O
be	O
to	O
God	O
!	O
Blessing	O
and	O
Peace	O
to	O
the	B-PERSON
Messenger	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
God	I-PERSON
!	O


The	O
talk	O
about	O
the	O
driving	O
of	O
cars	O
by	O
women	O
took	O
up	O
a	O
space	O
greater	O
than	O
its	O
size	O
.	O


Some	O
may	O
imagine	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
issue	O
of	O
bets	O
and	O
the	O
challenge	O
existing	O
between	O
two	B-CARDINAL
known	O
currents	O
in	O
our	O
country	O
.	O


Since	O
the	B-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
Dhu	I-DATE
al	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
Qada	I-DATE
1427	I-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
the	O
newspaper	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazirah	I-ORG
has	O
issued	O
a	O
weekly	O
supplement	O
every	B-DATE
Wednesday	I-DATE
called	O
"	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Car	I-WORK_OF_ART
Club	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


Each	O
issue	O
includes	O
an	O
interview	O
with	O
a	O
young	O
athlete	O
,	O
actor	O
or	O
singer	O
,	O
who	O
talks	O
about	O
his	O
personal	O
relationship	O
with	O
the	O
car	O
.	O


Each	O
interview	O
ends	O
with	O
a	O
final	O
question	O
:	O
"	O
What	O
is	O
your	O
opinion	O
about	O
women	O
driving	O
cars	O
?	O
"	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
not	O
expecting	O
those	O
answers	O
from	O
those	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
exactly	O
-	O
in	O
my	O
opinion	O
-	O
classified	O
as	O
intellectuals	O
or	O
people	O
holding	O
ideologies	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
are	O
common	O
people	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
not	O
expecting	O
those	O
answers	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
intensive	O
pressure	O
and	O
the	O
attack	O
launched	O
by	O
our	O
local	O
press	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
bias	O
for	O
the	O
liberal	O
current	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
endorse	O
women	O
driving	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
love	O
and	O
concern	O
for	O
women	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
this	O
decision	O
is	O
the	O
dream	O
to	O
pave	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
other	O
horizons	O
and	O
projects	O
to	O
liberate	O
women	O
and	O
walk	O
on	O
the	O
path	O
of	O
westernization	O
.	O


Our	O
attempt	O
,	O
as	O
conservatives	O
,	O
to	O
stand	O
up	O
against	O
issues	O
such	O
as	O
these	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
satisfied	O
with	O
only	O
the	O
fatwas	O
of	O
important	O
scholars	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
must	O
employ	O
other	O
means	O
.	O


I	O
liked	O
one	B-CARDINAL
cartoonist	O
who	O
depicted	O
the	O
situation	O
of	O
a	O
woman	O
in	O
her	O
car	O
while	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
tires	O
failed	O
,	O
and	O
how	O
a	O
young	O
man	O
came	O
to	O
rescue	O
her	O
.	O


Above	O
his	O
head	O
hearts	O
of	O
love	O
and	O
infatuation	O
were	O
drawn	O
.	O


This	O
cartoonist	O
supported	O
the	O
issue	O
with	O
his	O
brush	O
and	O
depicted	O
how	O
danger	O
lurks	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
endorsed	O
.	O


Now	O
we	O
are	O
in	O
need	O
of	O
such	O
ideas	O
more	O
than	O
we	O
need	O
rhetorical	O
speeches	O
that	O
people	O
are	O
fed	O
up	O
with	O
.	O


Since	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
publishing	O
the	O
statements	O
made	O
by	O
athletes	O
,	O
actors	O
,	O
and	O
singers	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
way	O
to	O
help	O
us	O
to	O
serve	O
this	O
cause	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
these	O
interviews	O
came	O
through	O
the	O
newspaper	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Jazirah	I-ORG
,	O
I	O
think	O
that	O
if	O
they	O
had	O
been	O
published	O
by	O
the	O
newspaper	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Watan	I-ORG
or	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Riyadh	I-ORG
they	O
would	O
have	O
stopped	O
this	O
question	O
from	O
being	O
asked	O
to	O
the	O
guest	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
known	O
for	O
their	O
banning	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
and	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
neutrality	O
when	O
exposing	O
and	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
like	O
these	O
answers	O
.	O
As	O
it	O
happened	O
with	O
the	O
newspaper	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Riyadh	I-ORG
when	O
it	O
halted	O
and	O
concealed	O
the	O
poll	O
on	O
women	O
driving	O
as	O
it	O
saw	O
the	O
overwhelming	O
victory	O
of	O
those	O
opposed	O
.	O


I	O
leave	O
you	O
with	O
the	O
answers	O
of	O
the	O
Car	B-WORK_OF_ART
Club	I-WORK_OF_ART
magazine	O
guests	O
to	O
see	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
not	O
one	B-CARDINAL
person	O
who	O
explicitly	O
agreed	O
without	O
mentioning	O
the	O
legal	O
regulations	O
.	O


Yasir	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Qahtani	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
player	O
on	O
the	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Hilal	I-ORG
team	O
,	O
on	O
1/11/1427	B-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
issue	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
your	O
opinion	O
about	O
women	O
driving	O
cars	O
?	O


I	O
am	O
for	O
and	O
against	O
women	O
driving	O
cars	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
for	O
them	O
driving	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
regulations	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
by	O
being	O
over	B-DATE
40	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
age	I-DATE
,	O
being	O
unable	O
to	O
afford	O
a	O
driver	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
having	O
a	O
guardian	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
driving	O
were	O
without	O
regulations	O
,	O
then	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
if	O
women	O
did	O
not	O
drive	O
a	O
car	O
.	O


http://www.al-jazirah.com.sa/cars/22112006/roods42.htm	O


Saad	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Harithi	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
player	O
on	O
the	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Nasr	I-ORG
team	O
,	O
on	O
8/11/1427	B-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
issue	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
your	O
opinion	O
about	O
women	O
driving	O
cars	O
?	O


Women	O
driving	O
cars	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
easy	O
thing	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
simply	O
accept	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
legal	O
and	O
social	O
regulations	O
which	O
must	O
be	O
taken	O
into	O
consideration	O
and	O
into	O
account	O
.	O


http://www.al-jazirah.com.sa/cars/29112006/rood55.htm	O


Fayiz	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Maliki	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
actor	O
,	O
15/11/1427	B-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
issue	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
your	O
opinion	O
about	O
women	O
driving	O
cars	O
?	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
imagine	O
my	O
grandmother	O
driving	O
a	O
Wanit	B-PRODUCT
car	O
in	O
al	B-GPE
-	I-GPE
Nasiriyah	I-GPE
.	O


http://www.al-jazirah.com.sa/cars/06122006/rood2.htm	O


Muhammad	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Shalhoub	I-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Hilal	I-PERSON
,	O
player	O
on	O
the	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Hilal	I-ORG
team	O
,	O
22/11/1427	B-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
issue	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
your	O
opinion	O
about	O
women	O
driving	O
cars	O
?	O


I	O
do	O
not	O
prefer	O
that	O
.	O


http://www.al-jazirah.com.sa/cars/13122006/rood43.htm	O


Singer	O
Ibrahim	B-PERSON
Hikmi	I-PERSON
,	O
29/11/1427	B-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
issue	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
your	O
opinion	O
about	O
women	O
driving	O
cars	O
?	O


Officials	O
have	O
an	O
opinion	O
about	O
that	O
.	O


http://www.al-jazirah.com.sa/cars/20122006/rood43.htm	O


Actor	O
Habib	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Habib	I-PERSON
,	O
21/12/1427	B-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
sixth	B-ORDINAL
issue	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
your	O
opinion	O
about	O
women	O
driving	O
cars	O
?	O


God	O
does	O
not	O
say	O
it	O
.	O


http://www.al-jazirah.com.sa/cars/10012007/rood57.htm	O


Player	O
on	O
the	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Shabab	I-ORG
team	O
,	O
Badr	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Haqbani	I-PERSON
29/12/1427	B-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
seventh	B-ORDINAL
issue	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
your	O
opinion	O
about	O
women	O
driving	O
cars	O
?	O


I	O
am	O
against	O
women	O
driving	O
cars	O
.	O


http://www.al-jazirah.com.sa/cars/17012007/rood40.htm	O


Player	O
on	O
the	O
al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Ittihad	I-ORG
team	O
,	O
Manaf	B-PERSON
Abu	I-PERSON
Shuqair	I-PERSON
,	O
5/1/1428	B-DATE
A.	I-DATE
H.	I-DATE
,	O
eighth	B-ORDINAL
issue	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
your	O
opinion	O
about	O
women	O
driving	O
cars	O
?	O


I	O
reject	O
it	O
for	O
several	O
reasons	O
,	O
legal	O
and	O
social	O
,	O
which	O
do	O
not	O
allow	O
our	O
society	O
to	O
accept	O
women	O
driving	O
cars	O
.	O


http://www.al-jazirah.com.sa/cars/24012007/rood2.htm	O


I	O
thank	O
them	O
very	O
much	O
.	O


Do	O
you	O
thank	O
them	O
as	O
I	O
do	O
?	O


Majid	B-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Muhammad	I-PERSON


A	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
method	O
of	O
Khalid	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Malik	I-PERSON
whom	O
we	O
used	O
to	O
think	O
well	O
of	O
but	O
who	O
has	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
no	O
less	O
malicious	O
than	O
his	O
old	O
friend	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Sadiri	I-PERSON
..	O


We	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
when	O
the	O
opinion	O
of	O
athletes	O
and	O
actors	O
began	O
to	O
be	O
taken	O
on	O
issues	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
but	O
important	O
people	O
used	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
..	O


But	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
insignificant	O
Iyad	B-PERSON
Madani	I-PERSON
and	O
those	O
with	O
him	O
..	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
cars	O
newspaper	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
newspaper	O
devoted	O
to	O
reviewing	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
dregs	O
of	O
society	O
such	O
as	O
showing	O
off	O
clothes	O
,	O
once	O
when	O
he	O
is	O
getting	O
into	O
the	O
car	O
and	O
again	O
when	O
he	O
is	O
out	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
them	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
sure	O
whether	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
man	O
or	O
a	O
woman	O
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
you	O
do	O
not	O
hesitate	O
to	O
describe	O
him	O
as	O
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
sex	O
..	O


The	O
liberal	O
project	O
is	O
a	O
feminine	O
project	O
that	O
starts	O
with	O
the	O
women	O
and	O
ends	O
with	O
the	O
women	O
and	O
passes	O
through	O
the	O
women	O
.	O


The	O
liberal	O
and	O
the	O
hypocrite	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
faces	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
coin	O
.	O


For	O
correspondence	O
http://maaajd.arabform.com	O


Expatriate	B-PERSON
Away	I-PERSON
From	I-PERSON
Home	I-PERSON


My	O
noble	O
brother	O
Majid	B-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Muhammad	I-PERSON
.	O
You	O
have	O
wronged	O
Khalid	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Malik	I-PERSON
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
agree	O
with	O
me	O
that	O
the	O
opinions	O
of	O
actors	O
and	O
athletes	O
were	O
in	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
opinion	O
of	O
the	O
important	O
people	O
only	O
,	O
which	O
shows	O
the	O
falsehood	O
of	O
the	O
liberal	O
group	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
silent	O
majority	O
.	O


Here	O
the	O
silent	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
masses	O
agrees	O
with	O
the	O
opinion	O
of	O
the	O
scholars	O
!	O


Will	O
the	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Market	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
prove	O
its	O
integrity	O
and	O
suspend	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
now	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
its	O
regulations	O
?	O


Dirawi	B-PERSON


Will	O
the	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Market	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
suspend	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
after	O
his	O
conference	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
suspended	O
others	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
its	O
rules	O
?	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Kanhal	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
2005	B-DATE
statement	O
for	O
which	O
he	O
was	O
suspended	O
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Kanhal	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Sidq	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
is	O
an	O
industrial	O
company	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
founding	O
companies	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ansab	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG


And	O
my	O
information	O
is	O
about	O
its	O
good	O
future	O
plans	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Mubrid	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
company	O
that	O
owns	O
the	O
biggest	O
land	O
transport	O
fleet	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
because	O
the	B-GPE
Kingdom	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Saudi	I-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
is	O
considered	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
biggest	O
exporting	O
and	O
importing	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Speaking	O
of	O
his	O
support	O
for	O
investor	O
ownership	O
in	O
companies	O
,	O
he	O
explained	O
that	O
this	O
phenomenon	O
is	O
healthy	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
young	O
generation	O
of	O
holders	O
of	O
scientific	O
qualifications	O
and	O
administrative	O
expertise	O
,	O
a	O
matter	O
that	O
changes	O
the	O
policies	O
and	O
activities	O
of	O
some	O
companies	O
to	O
generate	O
a	O
greater	O
profit	O
.	O


Speaking	O
of	O
his	O
expectations	O
for	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
market	O
during	O
the	O
coming	O
period	O
in	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
big	O
growth	O
in	O
some	O
companies	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
The	O
Saudi	B-NORP
market	O
has	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
incentives	O
that	O
are	O
helping	O
it	O
to	O
grow	O
,	O
these	O
being	O
the	O
proximity	O
of	O
announcing	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
quarter	O
,	O
the	O
rise	O
in	O
petroleum	O
prices	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
close	O
announcement	O
of	O
share	O
division	O
and	O
the	O
Capital	B-ORG
Market	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
regulations	O
for	O
starting	O
consultants	O
'	O
and	O
brokering	O
offices	O
.	O


Speaking	O
of	O
his	O
support	O
for	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
investors	O
expanding	O
into	O
the	O
Gulf	B-LOC
markets	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
support	O
that	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
stock	O
market	O
is	O
considered	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
biggest	O
markets	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
and	O
investing	O
in	O
it	O
does	O
very	O
well	O
.	O


We	O
praise	O
God	O
that	O
the	O
daily	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
has	O
reached	O
twenty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
five	I-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
.	O


This	O
reflects	O
the	O
strength	O
and	O
solidity	O
of	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
market	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
he	O
asked	O
the	O
CEOs	O
of	O
companies	O
to	O
apply	O
the	O
regulations	O
issued	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Market	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
at	O
that	O
time	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
shareholders	O
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Kanhal	I-PERSON
praised	O
the	O
regulations	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Market	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
governed	O
by	O
His	O
Excellency	O
Mr.	O
Jammaz	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Suhaimi	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
new	O
regulations	O
it	O
had	O
endorsed	O
maintained	O
the	O
market	O
's	O
balance	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
still	O
awaiting	O
many	O
more	O
regulations	O
from	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
decision	O
to	O
suspend	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Kanhal	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
announcement	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Market	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
on	O
Sunday	B-DATE
6	I-DATE
Ramadan	I-DATE
1426	I-DATE
AH	I-DATE
and	O
what	O
the	O
press	O
published	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
following	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
about	O
the	O
Authority	B-ORG
's	O
decision	O
.	O


Suspension	O
of	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Kanhal	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
investment	O
accounts	O
.	O


The	B-LAW
Market	I-LAW
's	I-LAW
Conduct	I-LAW
Regulations	I-LAW
issued	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Market	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
accordance	O
with	O
Decision	B-LAW
number	I-LAW
1	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
11	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
1424	I-LAW
dated	O
20	B-DATE
/	I-DATE
8	I-DATE
/	I-DATE
1425	I-DATE
AH	I-DATE
,	O
being	O
10	B-DATE
/	I-DATE
4	I-DATE
/	I-DATE
2004	I-DATE
AD	I-DATE
In	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	B-LAW
Capital	I-LAW
Market	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
issued	O
by	O
Royal	B-LAW
Decree	I-LAW
number	I-LAW
M/30	I-LAW
dated	O
2/6/1424	B-DATE
AH.	I-DATE
Part	O
Four	B-CARDINAL
.	O
Untrue	O
Statements	O
.	O
Article	O
Seven	B-CARDINAL
:	O
Prohibition	O
of	O
Untrue	O
Statements	O
.	O
A	O
person	O
is	O
prohibited	O
from	O
making	O
an	O
untrue	O
statement	O
of	O
material	O
fact	O
verbally	O
or	O
in	O
writing	O
or	O
from	O
failing	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
statement	O
required	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
under	O
the	B-LAW
Capital	I-LAW
Market	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
,	O
the	B-LAW
Implementing	I-LAW
Regulations	I-LAW
,	O
or	O
the	O
rules	O
of	O
the	O
Exchange	B-ORG
or	O
the	B-ORG
Depositary	I-ORG
Center	I-ORG
,	O
if	O
the	O
statement	O
is	O
made	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
person	O
fails	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
required	O
statement	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
influencing	O
the	O
price	O
or	O
value	O
of	O
a	O
security	O
,	O
inducing	O
another	O
person	O
to	O
purchase	O
or	O
sell	O
a	O
security	O
,	O
or	O
inducing	O
him	O
to	O
exercise	O
or	O
refrain	O
from	O
exercising	O
rights	O
under	O
a	O
security	O
.	O


Article	O
Eight	B-CARDINAL
:	O
Rumours	O
.	O


a	O
-RRB-	O
A	O
person	O
is	O
prohibited	O
from	O
circulating	O
,	O
directly	O
or	O
indirectly	O
,	O
an	O
untrue	O
statement	O
of	O
material	O
fact	O
or	O
a	O
statement	O
of	O
opinion	O
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
influencing	O
the	O
price	O
or	O
value	O
of	O
a	O
security	O
or	O
for	O
any	O
manipulative	O
purpose	O
.	O


b	O
-RRB-	O
The	O
prohibition	O
in	O
paragraph	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
-RRB-	O
applies	O
to	O
a	O
statement	O
made	O
by	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
circulates	O
the	O
statement	O
or	O
to	O
a	O
statement	O
made	O
by	O
another	O
person	O
.	O


Article	O
Nine	B-CARDINAL
:	O
Untrue	O
Statements	O
Defined	O


a	O
-RRB-	O
A	O
person	O
makes	O
an	O
untrue	O
statement	O
of	O
material	O
fact	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
circumstances	O
:	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
if	O
he	O
makes	O
a	O
statement	O
that	O
is	O
false	O
or	O
inaccurate	O
in	O
a	O
material	O
respect	O
;	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
if	O
he	O
procures	O
another	O
person	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
statement	O
that	O
is	O
false	O
or	O
inaccurate	O
in	O
a	O
material	O
respect	O
;	O
3	O
-RRB-	O
if	O
he	O
makes	O
a	O
statement	O
that	O
contains	O
a	O
misrepresentation	O
of	O
a	O
material	O
fact	O
;	O
4	O
-RRB-	O
if	O
he	O
procures	O
another	O
person	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
statement	O
that	O
contains	O
a	O
misrepresentation	O
of	O
a	O
material	O
fact	O
;	O
or	O
5	O
-RRB-	O
if	O
he	O
omits	O
a	O
material	O
fact	O
when	O
making	O
a	O
statement	O
.	O


b	O
-RRB-	O
A	O
material	O
fact	O
is	O
any	O
information	O
relating	O
to	O
a	O
security	O
which	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
investor	O
knew	O
about	O
,	O
would	O
have	O
materially	O
affected	O
the	O
price	O
or	O
value	O
at	O
which	O
the	O
investor	O
purchased	O
or	O
sold	O
the	O
security	O
.	O


Article	O
Ten	B-CARDINAL
:	O
Responsibility	O
for	O
untrue	O
statements	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
purposes	O
of	O
application	O
of	O
Article	O
56	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	B-LAW
Capital	I-LAW
Market	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
and	O
the	O
provisions	O
of	O
a	O
-RRB-	O
A	O
person	O
shall	O
be	O
liable	O
for	O
damages	O
to	O
a	O
claimant	O
if	O
he	O
makes	O
an	O
untrue	O
statement	O
of	O
material	O
fact	O
and	O
the	O
statement	O
is	O
made	O
:	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
profit	O
or	O
commercial	O
benefit	O
;	O
and	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
the	O
purchase	O
or	O
sale	O
of	O
a	O
security	O
.	O


b	O
-RRB-	O
A	O
claimant	O
for	O
damages	O
under	O
paragraph	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
this	O
Article	O
must	O
establish	O
that	O
:	O
1	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
he	O
was	O
not	O
aware	O
that	O
the	O
statement	O
was	O
untrue	O
;	O
2	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
purchased	O
or	O
sold	O
the	O
security	O
in	O
question	O
if	O
he	O
was	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
untrue	O
statement	O
,	O
or	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
purchased	O
or	O
sold	O
the	O
security	O
at	O
the	O
price	O
at	O
which	O
such	O
security	O
was	O
purchased	O
or	O
sold	O
;	O
and	O
3	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
made	O
the	O
untrue	O
statement	O
knew	O
,	O
or	O
knew	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
substantial	O
likelihood	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
statement	O
was	O
untrue	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
a	O
material	O
fact	O
.	O


c	O
-RRB-	O
A	O
person	O
shall	O
be	O
liable	O
for	O
damages	O
to	O
a	O
claimant	O
,	O
if	O
he	O
is	O
obliged	O
under	O
the	B-LAW
Capital	I-LAW
Market	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
,	O
the	B-LAW
Implementing	I-LAW
Regulations	I-LAW
,	O
or	O
the	B-LAW
rules	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
Exchange	I-LAW
or	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
Depositary	I-LAW
Center	I-LAW
to	O
make	O
a	O
statement	O
and	O
fails	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
provided	O
that	O
:	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
the	O
claim	O
for	O
damages	O
is	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
the	O
purchase	O
or	O
sale	O
of	O
a	O
security	O
;	O
and	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
what	O
has	O
been	O
omitted	O
relates	O
to	O
a	O
material	O
fact	O
.	O


d	O
-RRB-	O
A	O
claimant	O
for	O
damages	O
under	O
paragraph	O
-LRB-	O
c	O
-RRB-	O
of	O
this	O
Article	O
must	O
establish	O
that	O
:	O
1	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
he	O
was	O
not	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
failure	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
statement	O
;	O
and	O
2	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
purchased	O
or	O
sold	O
the	O
security	O
in	O
question	O
had	O
he	O
known	O
in	O
advance	O
that	O
the	O
statement	O
was	O
omitted	O
,	O
or	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
purchased	O
or	O
sold	O
the	O
security	O
at	O
the	O
price	O
at	O
which	O
such	O
security	O
was	O
purchased	O
or	O
sold	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
-LRB-	O
-LRB-	O
-LRB-	O
-LRB-	O
copied	O
-RRB-	O
-RRB-	O
-RRB-	O
-RRB-	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Will	O
the	O
law	O
be	O
applied	O
and	O
will	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
being	O
suspended	O
?	O
Especially	O
as	O
he	O
has	O
a	O
precedent	O
in	O
involving	O
poor	O
speculators	O
with	O
his	O
previous	O
statement	O
some	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O
when	O
he	O
made	O
the	O
market	O
artificially	O
rebound	O
.	O
then	O
he	O
got	O
rid	O
of	O
his	O
shares	O
and	O
profited	O
from	O
the	O
pockets	O
of	O
small	O
traders	O
after	O
they	O
were	O
suspended	O
.	O


or	O
will	O
the	O
Authority	B-ORG
prove	O
its	O
failure	O
and	O
confirm	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
only	O
a	O
scarecrow	O
solely	O
against	O
the	O
poor	O
and	O
the	O
weak	O
.	O


Wolves	O
attack	O
people	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
dogs	O
....	O
and	O
they	O
fear	O
the	O
lair	O
of	O
the	O
ferocious	O
would	O
-	O
be	O
lion	O
.	O


When	O
will	O
we	O
hear	O
the	O
roaring	O
of	O
the	O
ferocious	O
would	O
-	O
be	O
lion	O
?	O


dirawy@gmail.com	O


God	O
support	O
everyone	O
who	O
support	O
religion	O
and	O
abandon	O
anyone	O
who	O
abandons	O
religion	O
.	O


Abu	B-PERSON
Dilama	I-PERSON


For	O
correspondence	O
:	O


alisau@gmail.com	O


Morning	B-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Nighttime	I-PERSON


Where	O
did	O
you	O
get	O
this	O
from	O
,	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Dilama	I-PERSON
?	O


he	O
,	O
he	O
,	O
he	O
,	O
he	O


Do	O
n't	O
forget	O
to	O
mention	O
God	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
Rejoicer	I-PERSON


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
who	O
is	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
blood	O
-	O
sucker	O
...	O


He	O
is	O
the	O
true	O
patriot	O
in	O
the	O
view	O
of	O
Ibn	B-PERSON
Bakhit	I-PERSON
,	O
when	O
he	O
made	O
fun	O
of	O
others	O
and	O
praised	O
him	O
.	O


and	O
it	O
later	O
became	O
clear	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
warlike	O
of	O
men	O
and	O
people	O
get	O
in	O
trouble	O
because	O
of	O
him	O
....	O


But	O
the	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Market	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
can	O
not	O
do	O
a	O
thing	O
to	O
him	O


The	O
word	O
is	O
integrity	O
.	O


MINT	B-PERSON


It	O
's	O
too	O
early	O
.	O


They	O
will	O
give	O
him	O
a	O
call	O
and	O
stop	O
him	O
;	O
the	O
Authority	B-ORG
knows	O
its	O
limits	O
well	O
.	O


mint35@hotmail.com	O


More	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
person	O
is	O
writing	O
under	O
this	O
handle	O
until	O
God	O
eases	O
the	O
hardship	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
Perpetual	I-PERSON
Optimist	I-PERSON


If	O
the	O
collapse	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
stock	O
market	O
he	O
could	O
be	O
right	O
.	O


This	O
type	O
of	O
person	O
enjoys	O
sucking	O
the	O
bones	O
of	O
the	O
dead	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
built	O
on	O
falsehood	O
is	O
false	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
he	O
asked	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
:	O
"	O
Do	O
you	O
know	O
anything	O
about	O
commerce	O
?	O


So	O
our	O
friend	O
replied	O
:	O
"	O
No	O
.	O
"	O


Then	O
he	O
said	O
laughing	O
:	O
"	O
May	O
God	O
increase	O
the	O
likes	O
of	O
you	O
.	O
"	O


We	O
say	O
God	O
said	O
and	O
the	O
prophet	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
peace	O
and	O
blessings	O
be	O
upon	O
him	O
-RRB-	O
said	O
..	O
they	O
say	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Abdullah	I-PERSON
said	O
.	O


What	O
a	O
difference	O
between	O
our	O
source	O
and	O
theirs	O
.	O


k.m.n_84@hotmail.com	O


JARIR	B-PERSON


The	O
man	O
is	O
in	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Market	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
.	O


Riyadh	O
-	O
Fahd	O
al	O
-	O
Marikhi	O
:	O
Photography	O
by	O
Saleh	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Jamia	I-PERSON


His	O
Royal	O
Highness	O
,	O
Prince	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
ibn	I-PERSON
Talal	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
CEO	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Kingdom	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
has	O
announced	O
the	O
pumping	O
of	O
more	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
riyals	I-MONEY
into	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
share	O
and	O
property	O
markets	O
,	O
explaining	O
that	O
over	B-MONEY
five	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
riyals	I-MONEY
will	O
be	O
distributed	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
sectors	O
,	O
these	O
being	O
:	O
the	O
banking	O
sector	O
,	O
through	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
investment	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Samba	I-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
to	O
make	O
its	O
share	O
larger	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
5	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
;	I-PERCENT
the	O
industrial	O
sector	O
through	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
investment	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Industrialization	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
to	O
increase	O
the	O
share	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Kingdom	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
to	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
;	O
and	O
the	O
food	O
production	O
sector	O
through	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
investment	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Safola	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
to	O
make	O
its	O
share	O
larger	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
13	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
;	O
and	O
the	O
media	O
sector	O
through	O
a	O
new	O
investment	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Saudi	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
company	I-ORG
of	O
a	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
25	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
share	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
investment	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
companies	O
that	O
will	O
soon	O
be	O
publicly	O
listed	O
on	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
stock	O
market	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Mid	I-ORG
Gulf	I-ORG
company	I-ORG
in	O
the	O
insurance	O
sector	O
.	O


During	O
a	O
press	O
conference	O
held	O
be	O
him	O
yesterday	O
at	O
the	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
headquarters	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Kingdom	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
Prince	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
explained	O
that	O
the	O
pumping	O
of	O
this	O
money	O
has	O
taken	O
more	O
time	O
than	O
anticipated	O
,	O
but	O
confirmed	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
for	O
speculation	O
but	O
for	O
investment	O
purposes	O


the	O
relevant	O
state	O
authorities	O
have	O
been	O
informed	O
of	O
these	O
investments	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
transparency	O
principle	O
in	O
use	O


Prince	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
explained	O
that	O
the	O
remaining	O
five	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
were	O
invested	O
in	O
the	O
property	O
sector	O
that	O
included	O
the	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
project	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
launched	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
quarter	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
current	I-DATE
financial	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
Jeddah	B-GPE
project	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
launched	O
at	B-DATE
the	I-DATE
beginning	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
coming	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
indicating	O
that	O
an	O
area	O
of	O
165	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
of	O
land	O
had	O
actually	O
been	O
purchased	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Kingdom	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
in	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
and	O
another	O
area	O
of	O
53	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
in	O
Jeddah	B-GPE
for	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
projects	O
.	O
and	O
a	O
study	O
undertaken	O
to	O
turn	O
these	O
property	O
companies	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
into	O
ones	O
publicly	O
listed	O
on	O
the	O
share	O
market	O
.	O


The	O
total	O
costs	O
of	O
the	O
Jeddah	B-GPE
project	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
amount	O
to	O
approximately	B-MONEY
50	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
riyals	I-MONEY
and	O
will	O
turn	O
the	O
map	O
of	O
the	O
town	O
upside	O
down	O
.	O


It	O
includes	O
a	O
high	O
multi-purpose	O
tower	O
,	O


and	O
the	O
project	O
will	O
also	O
include	O
a	O
residential	O
district	O
with	O
an	O
area	O
of	O
2	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
,	O
shopping	O
areas	O
and	O
an	O
educational	O
area	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
areas	O
for	O
commercial	O
offices	O
,	O
entertainment	O
,	O
tourism	O
and	O
hotels	O
.	O


The	O
possibility	O
of	O
developing	O
a	O
diplomatic	O
quarter	O
is	O
being	O
examined	O
at	O
present	O
,	O
while	O
taking	O
into	O
consideration	O
all	O
the	O
required	O
specifications	O
for	O
this	O
quarter	O
.	O


The	O
entire	O
planning	O
for	O
this	O
project	O
is	O
being	O
done	O
by	O
a	O
Canadian	B-NORP
international	O
company	O
.	O


Speaking	O
of	O
the	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
project	O
,	O
Prince	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
situated	O
on	O
the	O
Dammam	B-GPE
road	O
.	O


The	O
project	O
,	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
which	O
will	O
start	O
shortly	O
,	O
will	O
include	O
a	O
tourist	O
resort	O
project	O
managed	O
by	O
Fairmont	B-ORG


The	O
total	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
investment	O
upon	O
completion	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
will	O
be	O
about	O
25	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
riyals	I-MONEY
,	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
include	O
a	O
residential	O
quarter	O
containing	O
135	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
residential	O
units	O
.	O


Prince	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
reported	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
previously	O
mentioned	O
that	O
the	O
market	O
was	O
facing	O
danger	O
some	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
prior	O
to	O
its	O
collapse	O
last	B-DATE
February	I-DATE
,	O
pointing	O
out	O
that	O
when	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
surpassed	O
the	O
20	B-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
points	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
exaggerated	O
and	O
illogical	O
because	O
the	O
Price	O
Earnings	O
Ratio	O
in	O
some	O
companies	O
were	O
reaching	O
a	B-MONEY
thousand	I-MONEY
riyals	I-MONEY
and	O
that	O
was	O
not	O
possible	O
.	O


That	O
collapse	O
was	O
expected	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
mention	O
the	O
speculation	O
that	O
occurred	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
revival	O
of	O
the	O
petro-market	O
and	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-GPE
's	O
revenue	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
or	O
the	O
citizens	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
and	O
limited	O
investment	O
opportunities	O
,	O


so	O
inflation	O
occurred	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
collapse	O
and	O
not	O
a	O
single	O
Saudi	B-NORP
family	O
escaped	O
being	O
hit	O
.	O


Even	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
market	O
situation	O
,	O
if	O
we	O
compare	O
to	O
the	O
Price	O
Earning	O
Ratio	O
then	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
logical	O
and	O
realistic	O
,	O


He	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
current	O
share	O
prices	O
were	O
logical	O
and	O
reasonable	O
.	O
and	O
demanded	O
investors	O
stop	O
speculating	O
because	O
that	O
leads	O
to	O
many	O
bankruptcies	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
companies	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
in	O
which	O
profit	O
potential	O
was	O
nonexistent	O
.	O


He	O
applauded	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Market	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
to	O
suspend	O
dealings	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
and	O
said	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
wise	O
decision	O
but	O
it	O
had	O
come	O
too	O
late	O
as	O
there	O
were	O
fears	O
from	O
speculators	O
of	O
suspending	O
the	O
shares	O
of	O
other	O
companies	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
rights	O
,	O
to	O
suspend	O
dealing	O
in	O
the	O
shares	O
of	O
companies	O
that	O
were	O
hopeless	O
.	O


He	O
indicated	O
that	O
there	O
might	O
be	O
other	O
companies	O
whose	O
shares	O
will	O
be	O
suspended	O
and	O
that	O
investors	O
should	O
buy	O
into	O
companies	O
that	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
hoped	O
,	O
would	O
remain	O
and	O
continue	O
.	O


Speaking	O
of	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
this	O
announcement	O
and	O
the	O
reasons	O
for	O
it	O
,	O
Prince	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
undertaking	O
to	O
pump	O
10	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
riyals	I-MONEY
into	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
market	O
was	O
made	O
last	B-DATE
March	I-DATE
and	O
that	O
the	O
investment	O
he	O
had	O
undertaken	O
was	O
not	O
completed	O
till	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
and	O
therefore	O
it	O
was	O
being	O
announced	O
.	O


He	O
hoped	O
that	O
the	O
market	O
had	O
hit	O
the	O
bottom	O
but	O
without	O
any	O
mad	O
rises	O
as	O
had	O
happened	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
were	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
paper	O
profits	O
.	O


He	O
expected	O
that	O
the	O
current	O
year	O
would	O
witness	O
the	O
restoration	O
of	O
equilibrium	O
to	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
market	O
after	O
reaching	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
sensibility	O
.	O


He	O
explained	O
that	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
authorities	O
were	O
insistent	O
on	O
driving	O
out	O
the	O
speculators	O
who	O
were	O
pushing	O
the	O
market	O
into	O
harming	O
them	O
and	O
the	O
small	O
investors	O
.	O


He	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
market	O
is	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
bottom	O
to	O
hit	O
thereafter	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
rise	O
in	O
a	O
logical	O
and	O
reasonable	O
way	O


He	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
market	O
was	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
bottom	O
at	O
7000	B-CARDINAL
points	O
or	O
slightly	O
less	O
.	O


He	O
added	O
:	O
"	O
We	O
do	O
not	O
want	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
stock	O
market	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
insane	O
and	O
unacceptable	O
figures	O
as	O
it	O
did	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
the	B-ORG
Kingdom	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
is	O
investing	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
to	O
restore	O
confidence	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


More	O
importantly	O
,	O
the	O
investor	O
must	O
be	O
educated	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
companies	O
that	O
have	O
a	O
good	O
future	O
.	O
"	O


Prince	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
confirmed	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Kingdom	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
is	O
continuing	O
with	O
its	O
plans	O
to	O
list	O
for	O
sale	O
a	O
percentage	O
of	O
its	O
shares	O
agreed	O
upon	O
with	O
the	O
state	O
,	O
to	O
reach	O
a	O
figure	O
that	O
serves	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
citizen	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
harm	O
the	O
future	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
Company	B-ORG
and	O
its	O
expansions	O
.	O


He	O
stressed	O
that	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
market	O
conditions	O
the	O
company	O
would	O
be	O
listing	O
its	O
shares	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
current	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Speaking	O
of	O
the	O
downturn	O
on	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
in	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
increasing	O
petroleum	O
revenues	O
and	O
the	O
record	O
budget	O
achieved	O
by	O
the	O
state	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
financial	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Prince	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
is	O
a	O
mirror	O
of	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
economy	O
.	O
but	O
if	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
was	O
exaggerated	O
then	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
market	O
in	O
general	O
and	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O


He	O
offered	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
suggestions	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Ministry	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Finance	I-ORG
and	O
officials	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
companies	O
,	O
namely	O
:	O
to	O
allow	O
companies	O
to	O
buy	O
their	O
shares	O
immediately	O
which	O
would	O
give	O
trust	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
and	O
would	O
reduce	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
dealt	O
in	O
shares	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
and	O
thus	O
increase	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
profit	O
;	O
to	O
allow	O
non-Saudi	B-NORP
companies	O
and	O
corporations	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
market	O
by	O
placing	O
controls	O
such	O
as	O
instituting	O
sectors	O
for	O
shares	O
and	O
an	O
ownership	O
percentage	O
ceiling	O
;	O
and	O
to	O
oblige	O
companies	O
to	O
disclose	O
future	O
expectations	O
of	O
the	O
companies	O
'	O
performances	O
.	O


A	O
discussion	O
with	O
the	O
CEOs	O
of	O
Saudi	B-NORP
companies	O
has	O
been	O
initiated	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Kingdom	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
by	O
sending	O
them	O
letters	O
dealing	O
with	O
the	O
disclosure	O
of	O
the	O
companies	O
'	O
future	O
expectations	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
done	O
by	O
all	O
companies	O
in	O
the	O
developed	O
world	O
with	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
obliging	O
the	O
company	O
to	O
achieve	O
the	O
declared	O
profit	O
or	O
something	O
close	O
to	O
it	O
and	O
to	O
re-assure	O
the	O
investor	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
more	O
disclosures	O
between	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
the	O
investor	O
,	O
since	O
there	O
are	O
companies	O
with	O
specific	O
profit	O
achieving	O
strategies	O
not	O
from	O
its	O
basic	O
accredited	O
activities	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
achieving	O
non-repeatable	O
profit	O
.	O


He	O
added	O
:	O
"	O
We	O
wish	O
to	O
remove	O
the	O
weak	O
companies	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
represent	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
economy	O
from	O
the	O
market	O
and	O
separate	O
them	O
from	O
the	O
companies	O
with	O
big	O
profits	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
confirmed	O
that	O
these	O
proposals	O
would	O
be	O
made	O
to	O
state	O
officials	O
to	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
companies	O
.	O


Prince	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
denied	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Kingdom	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
had	O
liquidized	O
any	O
portfolio	O
it	O
had	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-GPE
,	O


but	O
on	O
the	O
contrary	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
increased	O
its	O
investments	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
companies	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
addition	O
did	O
not	O
enter	O
into	O
any	O
speculation	O
at	O
all	O
but	O
is	O
working	O
on	O
buying	O
and	O
keeping	O
for	O
investment	O
.	O


He	O
also	O
denied	O
that	O
the	O
collapse	O
of	O
last	B-DATE
February	I-DATE
was	O
planned	O
by	O
any	O
party	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
rather	O
occurred	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
illogical	O
prices	O
reached	O
by	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


He	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
collapse	O
was	O
expected	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
inflation	O
in	O
share	O
prices	O
and	O
said	O
that	O
any	O
person	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
will	O
confirm	O
that	O
the	O
collapse	O
was	O
imminent	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


He	O
explained	O
that	O
the	O
state	O
could	O
not	O
in	O
any	O
way	O
be	O
made	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
losses	O
of	O
investors	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
and	O
must	O
remain	O
neutral	O
on	O
that	O
.	O


The	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
is	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
manipulators	O
from	O
exposing	O
the	O
market	O
to	O
fluctuations	O
,	O
to	O
punish	O
them	O
and	O
to	O
suspend	O
bankrupt	O
companies	O
.	O


He	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
study	O
on	O
dividing	O
the	O
market	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
difficult	O
to	O
place	O
profitable	O
,	O
strong	O
companies	O
alongside	O
weak	O
loss	O
-	O
making	O
ones	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
where	O
the	B-ORG
Capital	I-ORG
Market	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
plays	O
a	O
role	O
.	O


He	O
called	O
upon	O
the	O
investors	O
and	O
not	O
the	O
experience	O
lacking	O
speculators	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
investment	O
funds	O
and	O
banks	O
to	O
invest	O
their	O
finances	O
in	O
a	O
professional	O
manner	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
avoid	O
getting	O
caught	O
in	O
market	O
fluctuations	O
and	O
become	O
exposed	O
to	O
losses	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
stagnation	O
in	O
Saudi	B-NORP
economy	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
probable	O
,	O
because	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
at	O
the	O
peak	O
of	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
collapse	O
,	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
economy	O
flourished	O
and	O
achieved	O
a	O
6	B-PERCENT
per	I-PERCENT
cent	I-PERCENT
growth	O
,	O
because	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
economy	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
.	O


He	O
asserted	O
that	O
expectations	O
indicate	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
stagnation	O
in	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
economy	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
current	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
due	O
to	O
its	O
strength	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
serious	O
strong	O
steps	O
taken	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
not	O
to	O
concentrate	O
on	O
the	O
petroleum	O
factor	O
.	O


Regarding	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
competition	O
for	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
license	O
to	O
operate	O
cell	O
phones	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
said	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
an	O
alliance	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
Turkish	I-ORG
Turkcell	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
to	O
compete	O
for	O
this	O
license	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
regards	O
the	O
license	O
for	O
fixed	O
phones	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
will	O
not	O
enter	O
into	O
such	O
competition	O
.	O


Regarding	O
the	O
investment	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
,	O
Prince	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
had	O
applied	O
to	O
invest	O
as	O
a	O
representative	O
of	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
world	O
and	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
request	O
made	O
by	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
authorities	O
.	O


He	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
requested	O
an	O
investment	O
of	O
two	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
but	O
had	O
allocated	O
only	O
300	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
for	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
the	O
deal	O
went	O
through	O
.	O


The	O
profits	O
gained	O
from	O
listing	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
shares	O
amounted	O
to	O
about	B-PERCENT
25	I-PERCENT
per	I-PERCENT
cent	I-PERCENT
.	O


JARIR9@hotmail.com	O


The	B-PERSON
Skull	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
capped	I-PERSON
One	I-PERSON


There	O
is	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
questions	O
whose	O
answers	O
would	O
let	O
us	O
know	O
what	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
will	O
be	O
?	O


Is	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
view	O
with	O
his	O
team	O
of	O
analysts	O
and	O
consultants	O
that	O
these	O
sinking	O
levels	O
might	O
form	O
a	O
bottom	O
to	O
the	O
market	O
?	O


Do	O
these	O
growing	O
profits	O
and	O
collapsing	O
prices	O
form	O
an	O
historic	O
opportunity	O
for	O
investment	O
?	O


Will	O
the	O
major	O
investors	O
return	O
with	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
as	O
it	O
is	O
generally	O
known	O
that	O
any	O
market	O
has	O
its	O
bottom	O
with	O
the	O
investors	O
and	O
its	O
peak	O
with	O
the	O
speculators	O
?	O


Has	O
investment	O
become	O
more	O
advantageous	O
in	O
the	O
medium	O
and	O
long	O
terms	O
?	O


Will	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
and	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
dealing	O
with	O
it	O
change	O
after	O
a	B-DATE
whole	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
of	O
collapse	O
?	O


The	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
answers	O
to	O
this	O
questions	O
will	O
become	O
evident	O
during	O
the	O
coming	O
period	O
,	O
starting	O
from	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
God	O
but	O
God	O
and	O
Mohammed	B-PERSON
is	O
the	O
messenger	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


Dirawi	B-PERSON


We	O
are	O
picking	O
the	O
condemnations	O
of	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
from	O
the	O
news	O
which	O
the	O
writer	O
JARIR	B-PERSON
has	O
added	O
and	O
providing	O
a	O
commentary	O
in	O
red	O
.	O


through	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
investment	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Samba	I-ORG
Financial	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
to	O
make	O
its	O
share	O
larger	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
5	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
;	O
the	O
industrial	O
sector	O
through	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
investment	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Industrialization	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
to	O
increase	O
the	O
share	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Kingdom	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
to	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
;	O
and	O
the	O
food	O
production	O
sector	O
through	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
investment	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Safola	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
to	O
make	O
its	O
share	O
larger	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
13	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
;	O
and	O
the	O
media	O
sector	O
through	O
a	O
new	O
investment	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
Saudi	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Publishing	I-ORG
company	I-ORG
of	O
a	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
25	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
share	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
investment	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
companies	O
that	O
will	O
soon	O
be	O
publicly	O
listed	O
on	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
stock	O
market	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-ORG
Mid	I-ORG
Gulf	I-ORG
company	I-ORG
in	O
the	O
insurance	O
sector	O
.	O


During	O
a	O
press	O
conference	O
held	O
be	O
him	O
yesterday	B-DATE
at	O
the	O
Riyadh	B-GPE
headquarters	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Kingdom	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
,	O
Prince	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
explained	O
that	O
pumping	O
of	O
this	O
money	O
had	O
taken	O
more	O
time	O
than	O
anticipated	O
.	O
but	O
confirmed	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
for	O
speculation	O
but	O
rather	O
for	O
investment	O
.	O


the	O
relevant	O
state	O
authorities	O
have	O
been	O
informed	O
of	O
these	O
investments	O
in	O
pursuance	O
of	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
transparency	O
being	O
used	O
.	O


Months	B-DATE
ago	I-DATE
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
declared	O
the	O
pumping	O
of	O
ten	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
riyals	I-MONEY
and	O
specified	O
companies	O
that	O
were	O
"	O
respectable	O
"	O
according	O
to	O
his	O
claim	O
.	O


He	O
won	O
the	O
confidence	O
of	O
some	O
and	O
small	O
speculators	O
entered	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
whereupon	O
an	O
artificial	O
surge	O
occurred	O
,	O
then	O
they	O
were	O
caught	O
in	O
the	O
collapses	O
which	O
followed	O
that	O
made	O
-	O
up	O
surge	O
and	O
which	O
have	O
continued	O
until	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
had	O
lost	O
his	O
credibility	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
to	O
change	O
his	O
rhetoric	O
if	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
restore	O
his	O
credibility	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
continue	O
his	O
mission	O
of	O
beating	O
the	O
market	O
-LRB-	O
as	O
some	O
believe	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Thus	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
specify	O
in	O
his	O
present	O
statement	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
names	O
of	O
the	O
companies	O
,	O
the	O
percentage	O
he	O
owns	O
in	O
each	O
company	O
-LRB-	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
Samba	B-ORG
,	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
10	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
Manufacturing	B-ORG
,	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
13	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
Safola	B-ORG
,	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
25	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
in	O
Research	B-ORG
,	O
...	O
etc.	O
-RRB-	O


Speaking	O
of	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
this	O
announcement	O
and	O
the	O
reasons	O
for	O
it	O
,	O
Prince	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
said	O
that	O
the	O
undertaking	O
to	O
pump	O
10	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
riyals	I-MONEY
into	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
market	O
was	O
made	O
last	B-DATE
March	I-DATE
.	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
investment	O
he	O
had	O
undertaken	O
was	O
not	O
completed	O
till	O
two	B-DATE
weeks	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
and	O
therefore	O
it	O
was	O
being	O
announced	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
possible	O
to	O
believe	O
that	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
had	O
been	O
"	O
only	O
"	O
collecting	O
since	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
March	I-DATE
-LRB-	I-DATE
almost	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
-RRB-	I-DATE
until	I-DATE
now	I-DATE
.	O
Because	O
,	O
if	O
that	O
had	O
happened	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
rates	O
of	O
his	O
prices	O
would	O
be	O
much	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
current	O
prices	O
.	O


This	O
would	O
be	O
unreasonable	O
behavior	O
from	O
an	O
opportunist	O
like	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
.	O


And	O
so	O
this	O
explanation	O
of	O
his	O
is	O
untruthful	O
.	O


"	O
He	O
expected	O
that	O
the	B-DATE
current	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
would	O
witness	O
the	O
restoration	O
of	O
equilibrium	O
to	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
market	O
after	O
reaching	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
sensibility	O
.	O
"	O


This	O
expression	O
seems	O
to	O
have	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sides	O
to	O
it	O
:	O


the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
is	O
to	O
send	O
a	O
signal	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Market	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
that	O
he	O
does	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
very	O
strong	O
imaginary	O
surge	O


and	O
this	O
might	O
mean	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Market	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
is	O
being	O
informed	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
be	O
satisfied	O
with	O
less	O
profit	O
than	O
his	O
-LRB-	O
counterpart	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
then	O
get	O
out	O
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
:	O
to	O
win	O
the	O
dealers	O
'	O
belief	O
that	O
the	O
market	O
might	O
have	O
hit	O
the	O
bottom	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
should	O
safely	O
enter	O
with	O
their	O
cash	O
and	O
begin	O
raising	O
its	O
index	O
.	O


"	O
He	O
explained	O
that	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
authorities	O
were	O
insistent	O
on	O
driving	O
out	O
the	O
speculators	O
who	O
were	O
pushing	O
the	O
market	O
into	O
harming	O
them	O
and	O
the	O
small	O
investors	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
this	O
clause	O
of	O
the	O
statement	O
he	O
is	O
assuring	O
the	O
minds	O
of	O
dealers	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
intend	O
to	O
dispose	O
of	O
his	O
shares	O
to	O
them	O
through	O
this	O
action	O
of	O
his	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
they	O
should	O
enter	O
and	O
raise	O
up	O
the	O
index	O
of	O
his	O
companies	O
.	O


"	O
the	B-ORG
Kingdom	I-ORG
Holding	I-ORG
Company	I-ORG
is	O
investing	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
to	O
restore	O
confidence	O
in	O
it	O
.	O
"	O


And	O
"	O
more	O
importantly	O
,	O
the	O
investor	O
must	O
be	O
educated	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
companies	O
that	O
have	O
a	O
good	O
future	O
.	O
"	O


Here	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
confirms	O
sowing	O
of	O
trust	O
in	O
the	O
hearts	O
of	O
speculators	O
but	O
only	O
if	O
they	O
enter	O
and	O
give	O
a	O
boost	O
to	O
his	O
companies	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
he	O
finished	O
by	O
saying	O
"	O
educating	O
the	O
investor	O
"	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
pinnacle	O
of	O
education	O
when	O
the	O
speculators	O
enter	O
into	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
companies	O
and	O
get	O
stuck	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
blow	O
might	O
be	O
final	O
.	O


dirawy@gmail.com	O


God	O
help	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
help	O
religion	O
and	O
forsake	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
forsake	O
religion	O
.	O


Major	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
General	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Peninsula	I-PERSON


To	O
God	O
is	O
our	O
complaint	O
and	O
he	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
attorney	O
against	O
all	O
those	O
responsible	O
for	O
wasting	O
the	O
money	O
of	O
the	O
poor	O
and	O
the	O
hard	O
-	O
working	O
.	O


May	O
God	O
bring	O
down	O
destructive	O
plagues	O
on	O
the	O
money	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
cause	O
losses	O
to	O
Moslems	B-NORP
,	O
God	O
make	O
their	O
money	O
cause	O
them	O
distress	O
,	O
oh	O
Lord	O
of	O
both	O
worlds	O
.	O


The	O
jailer	O
asked	O
the	O
Imam	O
Ahmad	B-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Hanbal	I-PERSON
,	O
"	O
Am	O
I	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
aides	O
to	O
oppression	O
?	O
"	O


Imam	B-PERSON
Ahmad	I-PERSON
responded	O
,	O
"	O
Nay	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
oppressors	O
themselves	O
.	O
"	O


Dirawi	B-PERSON


Abu	B-PERSON
Dilama	I-PERSON
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Waleed	I-PERSON
faught	O
the	O
poor	O
over	O
their	O
daily	O
bread	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
no	O
need	O
for	O
that	O
,	O
because	O
what	O
he	O
gets	O
from	O
his	O
investment	O
and	O
commercial	O
activities	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
counted	O
or	O
calculated	O
.	O


But	O
"	O
greed	O
and	O
covetousness	O
"	O
have	O
made	O
him	O
envy	O
the	O
poor	O
their	O
daily	O
bread	O
and	O
he	O
stole	O
it	O
from	O
their	O
mouths	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
went	O
bankrupt	O
.	O


Many	O
homes	O
were	O
destroyed	O
and	O
collapsed	O
and	O
turned	O
into	O
places	O
of	O
poverty	O
and	O
want	O
.	O


To	O
God	O
is	O
our	O
complaint	O
and	O
He	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
attorney	O
.	O


dirawy@gmail.com	O


God	O
help	O
those	O
who	O
help	O
religion	O
and	O
forsake	O
all	O
those	O
who	O
forsake	O
religion	O
.	O


Scandal	O
of	O
Hiring	O
Wailing	O
Female	O
Cheerleaders	O
:	O
Would	O
They	O
Have	O
Made	O
Them	O
Brunettes	O
?	O


Fayiz	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Humaidi	I-PERSON


Anyone	O
who	O
is	O
acquainted	O
with	O
soccer	O
is	O
aware	O
that	O
cheering	O
is	O
not	O
necessarily	O
by	O
the	O
cheerleaders	O
belonging	O
to	O
a	O
team	O
or	O
a	O
national	O
team	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
provide	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
mercenaries	O
?	O
To	O
spread	O
enthusiasm	O
among	O
the	O
players	O
?	O


I	O
remember	O
that	O
few	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
the	O
national	O
team	O
of	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
was	O
participating	O
in	O
an	O
Asian	B-NORP
championship	O
held	O
in	O
an	O
East	B-NORP
-	I-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
country	O
--	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
was	O
Thailand	B-GPE
!	O


The	O
grandstand	O
of	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
was	O
crowded	O
with	O
Thai	B-NORP
girls	O
,	O
maybe	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
Saudi	B-NORP
!	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
attacks	O
of	O
young	O
men	O
and	O
some	O
old	O
men	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
!!	O
Throughout	O
the	O
match	O
they	O
were	O
repeating	O
the	O
phrase	O
"	O
Saudi	B-NORP
hah	O
hah	O
,	O
Saudi	B-NORP
hah	O
hah	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
stop	O
repeating	O
it	O
until	O
the	O
lights	O
of	O
the	O
stadium	O
were	O
turned	O
off	O
!!	O


Today	O
cheering	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
profitable	O
job	O
.	O


The	O
professional	O
cheerleader	O
may	O
be	O
paid	O
a	O
higher	O
salary	O
than	O
the	O
player	O
.	O


I	O
recall	O
a	O
Saudi	B-NORP
club	O
entered	O
into	O
contract	O
with	O
a	O
cheerleader	O
of	O
a	O
competitor	O
team	O
!!	O


His	O
job	O
was	O
only	O
to	O
repeat	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
club	O
in	O
a	O
loud	O
voice	O
throughout	O
the	O
match	O
!?	O


In	O
the	O
Gulf	B-LOC
championship	O
which	O
is	O
held	O
in	O
Abu	B-GPE
Dhabi	I-GPE
,	O
wailing	O
female	O
cheerleaders	O
were	O
hired	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
national	O
team	O
!!	O


This	O
was	O
also	O
done	O
in	O
all	O
foreign	O
championships	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
team	O
participated	O
.	O


Because	O
we	O
are	O
a	O
conservative	O
nation	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
accept	O
mingling	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sexes	O
,	O
women	O
and	O
everyone	O
like	O
them	O
were	O
in	O
another	O
grandstand	O
--	O
not	O
the	O
one	O
for	O
the	O
cheerleader	O
group	O
--	O
so	O
that	O
nothing	O
with	O
non-praiseworthy	O
consequences	O
might	O
occur	O
!!	O


The	O
scandal	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
chose	O
them	O
did	O
not	O
take	O
into	O
consideration	O
the	O
disparity	O
in	O
specifications	O
?	O


We	O
were	O
shown	O
girls	O
who	O
were	O
dressed	O
in	O
a	O
revealing	O
way	O
,	O
bending	O
and	O
drawing	O
people	O
's	O
attention	O
,	O
blondes	O
with	O
green	O
eyes	O
.	O


With	O
my	O
own	O
eyes	O
,	O
I	O
saw	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
with	O
the	O
lower	O
part	O
of	O
her	O
abdomen	O
revealed	O
out	O
of	O
increased	O
enthusiasm	O
!!	O


And	O
the	O
funny	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
tied	O
the	O
kaffiyeh	O
on	O
their	O
heads	O
!!	O


Maybe	O
prior	O
to	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
team	O
grandstand	O
,	O
before	O
they	O
moved	O
to	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
team	O
grandstand	O
.	O


What	O
makes	O
one	O
weep	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
flag	O
of	O
monotheism	O
which	O
King	O
Abdul	B-PERSON
Aziz	I-PERSON
carried	O
in	O
the	O
fields	O
of	O
jihad	O
and	O
with	O
which	O
he	O
unified	O
the	O
country	O
is	O
wrapped	O
around	O
the	O
waist	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
swaying	O
with	O
it	O
!!	O


This	O
degradation	O
of	O
the	O
flag	O
of	O
monotheism	O
is	O
a	O
continuation	O
of	O
the	O
act	O
done	O
by	O
some	O
silly	O
people	O
when	O
they	O
hung	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
house	O
of	O
prostitution	O
and	O
vice	O
!!	O


The	O
wall	O
posters	O
of	O
the	O
kingdom	O
of	O
dinosaurs	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
the	O
news	O
and	O
they	O
started	O
publishing	O
color	O
pictures	O
of	O
the	O
charming	O
cheerleaders	O
on	O
the	O
pages	O
of	O
their	O
newspapers	O
--	O
on	O
the	O
front	O
page	O
!!	O
Announcing	O
the	O
good	O
news	O
of	O
a	O
good	O
era	O
!!	O


The	O
scandal	O
sheet	O
Shams	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
adolescent	O
dinosaur	O
,	O
did	O
the	O
most	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
happier	O
than	O
others	O
.	O


What	O
made	O
me	O
laugh	O
about	O
it	O
was	O
nothing	O
but	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
news	O
saying	O
.	O
"	O
A	O
number	O
of	O
photographers	O
working	O
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Saudi	B-NORP
publications	O
received	O
harshly	O
worded	O
threats	O
from	O
their	O
wives	O
if	O
they	O
disapproved	O
of	O
taking	O
photos	O
of	O
the	O
sweet	O
sex	O
at	O
the	O
championship	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
truth	O
is	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
newspapers	O
stopped	O
saying	O
that	O
the	O
girls	O
supporting	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
team	O
are	O
Saudis	B-NORP
,	O
since	O
the	O
features	O
and	O
complexions	O
of	O
those	O
girls	O
are	O
not	O
in	O
keeping	O
with	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
climate	O
!?	O


But	O
Jasir	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Jasir	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
writer	O
for	O
the	O
newspaper	O
Shams	B-ORG
,	O
refused	O
to	O
do	O
anything	O
other	O
than	O
make	O
fools	O
out	O
of	O
us	O
by	O
insisting	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
Saudis	B-NORP
.	O


If	O
he	O
was	O
asked	O
to	O
swear	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
hesitate	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
need	O
in	O
his	O
sick	O
soul	O
.	O


He	O
undoubtedly	O
knows	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
hired	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
-LRB-	O
may	O
God	O
guide	O
him	O
-RRB-	O
:	O
"	O
The	O
Saudi	B-NORP
woman	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
ashamed	O
of	O
herself	O
,	O
or	O
perhaps	O
more	O
correctly	O
she	O
has	O
been	O
freed	O
from	O
her	O
fear	O
after	O
the	O
shrinking	O
of	O
the	O
spheres	O
of	O
punishment	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
became	O
common	O
for	O
her	O
to	O
show	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
grandstands	O
in	O
the	O
stadiums	O
to	O
cheer	O
for	O
her	O
country	O
's	O
team	O
.	O
"	O


Then	O
with	O
the	O
utmost	O
stupidity	O
,	O
insolence	O
,	O
and	O
ridicule	O
he	O
says	O
:	O
"	O
By	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
painting	O
the	O
whole	O
face	O
constitutes	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
veil	O
"	O
.	O


What	O
confused	O
that	O
poor	O
man	O
is	O
that	O
this	O
audience	O
has	O
so	O
far	O
not	O
stirred	O
up	O
the	O
expected	O
storm	O
!!	O


The	O
most	O
amazing	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
Jasir	B-PERSON
claims	O
that	O
the	O
adversaries	O
of	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Qusaybi	I-PERSON
have	O
thwarted	O
his	O
conservative	O
project	O
for	O
women	O
's	O
work	O
,	O
and	O
today	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Qusaybi	I-PERSON
states	O
that	O
businessmen	O
are	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
delay	O
!!	O


So	O
who	O
is	O
lying	O
?	O


Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Qusaybi	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
conservative	O
project	O
for	O
women	O
's	O
work	O
has	O
made	O
a	O
decision	O
which	O
decreases	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
Saudization	O
in	O
women	O
's	O
workshops	O
!	O


That	O
sick	O
Jasir	B-PERSON
is	O
lying	O
and	O
he	O
knows	O
he	O
is	O
lying	O
,	O
yet	O
he	O
lies	O
!	O


And	O
he	O
insists	O
with	O
utmost	O
foolishness	O
that	O
the	O
female	O
cheerleaders	O
are	O
Saudi	B-NORP
!!	O


Not	O
only	O
that	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
claims	O
that	O
they	O
traveled	O
to	O
Abu	B-GPE
Dhabi	I-GPE
to	O
attend	O
the	O
matches	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
team	O
!!	O


Using	O
a	O
funny	O
expression	O
he	O
says	O
:	O
"	O
The	O
difficulty	O
is	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
prevent	O
women	O
from	O
traveling	O
to	O
Abu	B-GPE
Dhabi	I-GPE
,	O
so	O
there	O
is	O
nothing	O
left	O
to	O
do	O
but	O
to	O
pray	O
that	O
the	O
team	O
loses	O
in	O
the	O
worst	O
defeat	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
flow	O
of	O
women	O
will	O
automatically	O
stop	O
or	O
that	O
the	O
cheerleaders	O
become	O
afflicted	O
with	O
paralysis	O
or	O
rickets	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
composes	O
a	O
bad	O
thing	O
,	O
then	O
imagines	O
the	O
reaction	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
he	O
designs	O
funny	O
plans	O
for	O
disclaimer	O
.	O


The	O
goal	O
is	O
ridicule	O
and	O
ridicule	O
alone	O
!!	O


Apologies	O
for	O
publishing	O
the	O
photos	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
necessity	O
.	O


Whether	O
the	O
female	O
cheerleaders	O
are	O
Saudis	B-NORP
or	O
not	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
to	O
us	O
.	O


Thankfully	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
few	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
8441000	B-CARDINAL
women	O
who	O
are	O
all	O
good	O
,	O
keep	O
their	O
religion	O
,	O
morals	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
veil	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
harmed	O
by	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
group	O
which	O
represents	O
no	O
one	O
but	O
itself	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
is	O
disgraceful	O
and	O
shameful	O
is	O
to	O
welcome	O
such	O
dishonorable	O
sights	O
,	O
shameful	O
clothes	O
,	O
unrestrained	O
hair	O
,	O
and	O
swaying	O
,	O
while	O
we	O
see	O
girls	O
from	O
the	O
UAE	B-GPE
and	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
grandstand	O
of	O
their	O
teams	O
looking	O
respectable	O
and	O
modest	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
covering	O
their	O
faces	O
!	O


What	O
burns	O
the	O
heart	O
is	O
the	O
eagerness	O
of	O
some	O
cultured	O
people	O
and	O
writers	O
to	O
harm	O
their	O
country	O
whether	O
they	O
are	O
aware	O
or	O
unaware	O
?	O


They	O
made	O
fun	O
of	O
us	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
nations	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
when	O
they	O
spoke	O
about	O
Saudi	B-NORP
women	O
.	O


A	O
British	B-NORP
research	O
center	O
-LRB-	O
STARSH	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
was	O
fair	O
to	O
them	O
in	O
its	O
annual	O
report	O
when	O
it	O
described	O
them	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
beautiful	O
and	O
flirtatious	O
women	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
queens	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
whose	O
demands	O
are	O
fulfilled	O
without	O
any	O
trouble	O
,	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
always	O
being	O
served	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
work	O
because	O
their	O
expenses	O
are	O
provided	O
by	O
their	O
guardians	O
.	O


May	O
the	O
nobles	O
excuse	O
me	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
asking	O
Jasir	B-PERSON
,	O
Will	O
we	O
see	O
your	O
wife	O
and	O
daughter	O
in	O
the	O
grandstand	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
team	O
?	O
Did	O
you	O
give	O
them	O
freedom	O
and	O
liberate	O
them	O
from	O
their	O
fear	O
,	O
and	O
free	O
their	O
soul	O
from	O
shyness	O
?	O


Will	O
you	O
say	O
what	O
your	O
leader	O
said	O
?	O


My	O
daughters	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
drive	O
a	O
car	O
!!?	O


.	O


I	O
am	O
completely	O
reassured	O
that	O
the	O
liberal	O
project	O
will	O
not	O
succeed	O
in	O
this	O
country	O
,	O
praise	O
God	O
.	O


For	O
no	O
matter	O
how	O
far	O
the	O
liberal	O
ideological	O
lunacy	O
has	O
affected	O
some	O
brain	O
cells	O
of	O
the	O
young	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
affect	O
the	O
part	O
that	O
controls	O
the	O
sense	O
of	O
honor	O
,	O
otherwise	O
man	O
would	O
be	O
stripped	O
of	O
his	O
values	O
and	O
would	O
become	O
like	O
an	O
animal	O
,	O
a	O
cuckold	O
.	O


He	O
wo	O
n't	O
enter	O
paradise	O
or	O
even	O
find	O
its	O
scent	O
!	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
you	O
find	O
them	O
the	O
most	O
caring	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
solicitous	O
of	O
their	O
close	O
female	O
relatives	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
never	O
see	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
a	O
daughter	O
or	O
a	O
wife	O
or	O
even	O
a	O
sister	O
of	O
a	O
writer	O
or	O
a	O
cultured	O
man	O
leading	O
a	O
grandstand	O
by	O
cheering	O
for	O
her	O
team	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
drive	O
a	O
car	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
will	O
not	O
work	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Qusaybi	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
rules	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
mention	O
going	O
out	O
with	O
her	O
face	O
and	O
hair	O
uncovered	O
!!	O


They	O
want	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
freedom	O
and	O
emancipation	O
in	O
women	O
other	O
than	O
theirs	O
.	O


How	O
happy	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
day	O
they	O
see	O
a	O
Saudi	B-NORP
or	O
part	O
-	O
Saudi	B-NORP
woman	O
in	O
all	O
her	O
finery	O
,	O
having	O
given	O
up	O
her	O
veil	O
and	O
restrictions	O
,	O
and	O
having	O
freed	O
herself	O
from	O
the	O
authority	O
of	O
her	O
father	O
,	O
her	O
brother	O
,	O
and	O
her	O
husband	O
.	O


They	O
spread	O
her	O
news	O
and	O
praise	O
her	O
deed	O
.	O


Maybe	O
they	O
will	O
change	O
her	O
name	O
by	O
adding	O
the	O
definite	O
article	O
-LRB-	O
al-	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
emphasize	O
her	O
affinity	O
and	O
relationship	O
to	O
the	O
most	O
deeply	O
-	O
rooted	O
Saudi	B-NORP
families	O
such	O
as	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Nasr	I-PERSON
,	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Sharikh	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Imran	I-PERSON
.	O
-RRB-	O


Spotlight	O
:	O
If	O
the	O
nation	O
were	O
not	O
preoccupied	O
with	O
its	O
major	O
issues	O
--	O
namely	O
the	O
fundamentals	O
of	O
its	O
religion	O
--	O
then	O
it	O
would	O
occupy	O
itself	O
with	O
the	O
differences	O
with	O
which	O
they	O
will	O
eat	O
each	O
other	O
up	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
become	O
weak	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
appear	O
sick	O
to	O
such	O
an	O
extent	O
that	O
the	O
nation	O
will	O
have	O
no	O
more	O
strength	O
.	O


Sami	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Majid	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


It	O
is	O
wrong	O
to	O
turn	O
our	O
disability	O
into	O
a	O
general	O
impossibility	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
reason	O
for	O
holding	O
others	O
back	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
smother	O
their	O
abilities	O
and	O
capabilities	O
.	O


miml9@hotmail.com	O
.....	O


Daughter	B-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
Thunder	I-PERSON


My	O
honorable	O
brother	O
,	O
how	O
did	O
you	O
weigh	O
this	O
need	O
to	O
publish	O
photos	O
of	O
the	O
female	O
cheerleaders	O
....?	O


Usually	O
,	O
money	O
is	O
wasted	O
..	O
in	O
search	O
for	O
money	O
.	O


Fayiz	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Humaidi	I-PERSON


Surely	O
we	O
belong	O
to	O
God	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
Him	O
we	O
shall	O
return	O
!	O


From	O
more	O
than	O
27000	B-CARDINAL
readers	O
to	O
2493	B-CARDINAL
!!	O


From	O
25	B-CARDINAL
replies	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
reply	O
!!	O


It	O
is	O
wrong	O
to	O
turn	O
our	O
disability	O
into	O
a	O
general	O
impossibility	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
reason	O
for	O
holding	O
others	O
back	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
smother	O
their	O
abilities	O
and	O
capabilities	O
.	O


miml9@hotmail.com	O
.....	O


Badi	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Zaman1	I-PERSON


My	O
noble	O
brother	O
,	O
Fayiz	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Humaidi	I-PERSON
First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
I	O
say	O
thank	O
you	O
for	O
your	O
sense	O
of	O
honor	O
and	O
concern	O
for	O
your	O
countrymen	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
a	O
proverb	O
says	O
-LRB-	O
For	O
every	O
prostitute	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
customer	O
-RRB-	O
meaning	O
if	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
a	O
female	O
Saudi	B-NORP
dancer	O
we	O
will	O
find	O
one	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
we	O
look	O
for	O
a	O
female	O
Saudi	B-NORP
singer	O
we	O
will	O
find	O
one	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
we	O
look	O
for	O
a	O
beautiful	O
Saudi	B-NORP
woman	O
we	O
will	O
find	O
one	O
.	O


Evil	O
is	O
not	O
restricted	O
to	O
a	O
certain	O
class	O
of	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
Satan	O
entices	O
people	O
.	O


But	O
because	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
little	O
discord	O
in	O
Saudi	B-NORP
society	O
,	O
it	O
certainly	O
does	O
not	O
represent	O
the	O
whole	O
and	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
represent	O
the	O
opposing	O
public	O
opinion	O
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
it	O
represents	O
itself	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
belong	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
displaying	O
the	O
photos	O
of	O
the	O
female	O
cheerleaders	O
whether	O
they	O
are	O
Saudis	B-NORP
or	O
hired	O
,	O
and	O
anything	O
is	O
possible	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
latter	O
is	O
more	O
likely	O
,	O
does	O
not	O
make	O
us	O
think	O
that	O
all	O
are	O
respectable	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
what	O
we	O
saw	O
does	O
not	O
honor	O
us	O
Saudis	B-NORP
--	O
cheering	O
for	O
the	O
team	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
by	O
rebelling	O
against	O
our	O
noble	O
values	O
and	O
morals	O
..	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
cheering	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
it	O
is	O
removing	O
the	O
veil	O
for	O
its	O
own	O
sake	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
something	O
done	O
by	O
those	O
who	O
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


Female	O
Saudi	B-NORP
cheerleaders	O
or	O
hirelings	O
-LRB-	O
anything	O
is	O
possible	O
-RRB-	O
previously	O
cheered	O
for	O
the	O
team	O
in	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
in	O
a	O
more	O
decent	O
and	O
better	O
way	O
than	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
now	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
photo	O
of	O
Saudi	B-NORP
female	O
cheerleaders	O
in	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
.	O


If	O
we	O
assume	O
that	O
someone	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
Why	O
the	O
twitching	O
and	O
condemnation	O
about	O
the	O
female	O
cheerleaders	O
when	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
something	O
patriotic	O
by	O
cheering	O
and	O
supporting	O
their	O
team	O
?	O
"	O
-LRB-	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
custom	O
we	O
are	O
familiar	O
with	O
from	O
Akhzam	B-PERSON
Zanim	I-PERSON
.	O
-RRB-	O
We	O
would	O
say	O
that	O
cheering	O
does	O
not	O
at	O
all	O
mean	O
renouncing	O
virtue	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
mean	O
candor	O
and	O
challenging	O
values	O
and	O
morals	O
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
cheer	O
without	O
being	O
exposed	O
to	O
that	O
at	O
home	O
because	O
the	O
matches	O
are	O
broadcast	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
were	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
But	O
we	O
see	O
all	O
the	O
teams	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Arab	O
teams	O
,	O
cheered	O
by	O
their	O
citizens	O
,	O
males	O
and	O
females	O
.	O
"	O
We	O
would	O
say	O
,	O
"	O
First	B-ORDINAL
of	O
all	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
Muslims	B-NORP
who	O
have	O
our	O
own	O
beliefs	O
and	O
our	O
own	O
way	O
of	O
doing	O
things	O
which	O
differ	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
others	O
.	O
We	O
have	O
to	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
them	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
we	O
are	O
among	O
their	O
people	O
just	O
like	O
Hindus	B-NORP
with	O
their	O
cows	O
,	O
Buddhists	B-NORP
with	O
their	O
idols	O
,	O
Judaism	B-ORG
,	O
Christianity	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
others	O
..	O
"	O


From	O
this	O
perspective	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
forced	O
to	O
imitate	O
others	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
matter	O
how	O
we	O
justify	O
this	O
as	O
civilization	O
and	O
progress	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
justification	O
from	O
the	O
dictionary	O
of	O
Satan	O
who	O
swore	O
"	O
I	O
will	O
beguile	O
them	O
all	O
.	O
"	O


To	O
conclude	O
:	O
In	O
every	O
nation	O
there	O
are	O
Banu	B-NORP
Saad	I-NORP
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
good	O
people	O
and	O
bad	O
people	O
.	O


What	O
the	O
female	O
cheerleaders	O
did	O
is	O
not	O
accepted	O
by	O
their	O
fellow	O
citizens	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
encouraged	O
by	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
like	O
them	O
,	O
whose	O
hearts	O
and	O
minds	O
have	O
become	O
secularized	O
and	O
whose	O
mania	O
became	O
the	O
imitation	O
of	O
the	O
Semites	B-NORP
in	O
every	O
big	O
and	O
small	O
way	O
.	O


Discuss	O
with	O
me	O
and	O
tell	O
me	O
your	O
objections	O
but	O
do	O
not	O
ignore	O
and	O
delete	O
what	O
I	O
said	O
-LRB-	O
No	O
for	O
deletion	O
-RRB-	O
Yes	O
-LRB-	O
for	O
discussion	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Fayiz	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Humaidi	I-PERSON
Able	O
by	O
God	O


Fayiz	B-PERSON
,	O
really	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
replies	O
to	O
those	O
.......	O
the	O
likes	O
of	O
Jasir	B-PERSON
except	O
people	O
like	O
you	O
and	O
Sharwak	O
.	O


We	O
hope	O
to	O
see	O
your	O
creativity	O
in	O
writing	O
on	O
other	O
subjects	O
.	O


May	O
God	O
make	O
you	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
religion	O
and	O
the	O
homeland	O
.	O


All	O
love	O
and	O
appreciation	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Your	O
brother	O
,	O
Abdullah	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Qarni	I-PERSON
.	O


Note	O
:	O
I	O
am	O
not	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
who	O
like	O
to	O
correspond	O
with	O
authors	O
,	O
but	O
really	O
,	O
your	O
wonderful	O
article	O
compelled	O
me	O
to	O
thank	O
you	O
.	O


I	O
ask	O
God	O
to	O
make	O
you	O
happy	O
in	O
this	O
life	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
hereafter	O
.	O


------------------------	O


Brother	O
Abdullah	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Qarni	I-PERSON
:	O
May	O
God	O
reward	O
you	O
with	O
good	O
and	O
elevate	O
your	O
status	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
your	O
good	O
thoughts	O
about	O
me	O
.	O


------------------------	O


Brother	O
Fayiz	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
scandal	O
of	O
hiring	O
wailing	O
female	O
cheerleaders	O
:	O
they	O
made	O
them	O
brunettes	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
not	O
deny	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
Saudi	B-NORP
women	O
who	O
go	O
out	O
and	O
show	O
us	O
how	O
pretty	O
they	O
are	O
.	O


But	O
those	O
who	O
appear	O
in	O
the	O
photo	O
--	O
only	O
God	O
knows	O
whether	O
they	O
are	O
Saudi	B-NORP
women	O
or	O
not	O
?	O


Perhaps	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
Saudi	B-NORP
and	O
some	O
were	O
simply	O
hired	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
national	O
team	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
the	O
newspapers	O
published	O
the	O
photos	O
by	O
way	O
of	O
another	O
thing	O
which	O
is	O
making	O
people	O
accustomed	O
to	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
Saudi	B-NORP
female	O
cheerleaders	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
we	O
did	O
not	O
see	O
Saudi	B-NORP
women	O
appear	O
on	O
television	O
.	O


Then	O
Saudi	B-NORP
women	O
gradually	O
started	O
to	O
appear	O
on	O
Channel	B-ORG
One	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
news	O
channel	O
which	O
originally	O
specialized	O
in	O
allowing	O
Saudi	B-NORP
women	O
to	O
appear	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
became	O
commonplace	O
.	O


You	O
find	O
them	O
presenting	O
girls	O
and	O
women	O
in	O
their	O
homes	O
unveiled	O
.	O
One	B-CARDINAL
may	O
be	O
an	O
engineer	O
,	O
and	O
another	O
may	O
be	O
something	O
else	O
.	O
Until	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
Saudi	B-NORP
women	O
on	O
our	O
television	O
channels	O
became	O
a	O
very	O
ordinary	O
thing	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
now	O
is	O
that	O
even	O
women	O
wearing	O
the	O
veil	O
and	O
who	O
are	O
fully	O
covered	O
appear	O
on	O
the	O
news	O
channel	O
.	O


Take	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
today	O
's	O
silly	O
question	O
which	O
they	O
primarily	O
and	O
continuously	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
women	O
and	O
girls	O
in	O
interviews	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
,	O
since	O
when	O
do	O
women	O
appear	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
we	O
are	O
concerned	O
?	O


At	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
the	O
man	O
was	O
shy	O
when	O
he	O
appeared	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
we	O
see	O
women	O
appear	O
and	O
talking	O
boldly	O
,	O
exceeding	O
the	O
limits	O
.	O


I	O
really	O
become	O
shy	O
when	O
I	O
see	O
them	O
-LSB-	O
-RSB-	O
on	O
their	O
men	O
who	O
let	O
them	O
appear	O
on	O
the	O
Al	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Ekhbariya	I-ORG
channel	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
well	O
known	O
that	O
this	O
channel	O
deliberately	O
does	O
this	O
thing	O
by	O
encouraging	O
the	O
liberation	O
of	O
women	O
through	O
interviews	O
.	O


I	O
remember	O
that	O
once	O
Qatar	B-GPE
hired	O
Moroccan	B-NORP
women	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
its	O
celebrations	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
play	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
Gulf	B-LOC
girls	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
in	O
each	O
song	O
about	O
a	O
Gulf	B-LOC
state	O
,	O
they	O
let	O
girls	O
dance	O
.	O
As	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
from	O
those	O
states	O
,	O
although	O
in	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
Gulf	B-LOC
states	O
--	O
Bahrain	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Emirates	B-GPE
,	O
Oman	B-GPE
and	O
Kuwait	B-GPE
--	O
their	O
girls	O
have	O
appeared	O
on	O
television	O
and	O
sung	O
and	O
danced	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
girls	O
of	O
Qatar	B-GPE
and	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
.	O


A	O
reply	O
to	O
the	O
writer	O
'	O
I	B-PERSON
am	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Arab	I-PERSON
.	O
'	O


Again	O
,	O
respect	O
yourself	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
describe	O
.	O


Our	O
society	O
is	O
more	O
honorable	O
and	O
nobler	O
than	O
a	O
nobody	O
like	O
you	O
talking	O
about	O
it	O
and	O
describing	O
it	O
using	O
the	O
worst	O
adjectives	O
as	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
societies	O
of	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
.	O


It	O
is	O
nice	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
well	O
-	O
born	O
Saudi	B-NORP
women	O
and	O
from	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
tribes	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
your	O
lies	O
.	O


Why	O
?	O


Did	O
you	O
see	O
their	O
identity	O
cards	O
?	O


Or	O
just	O
to	O
say	O
"	O
Look	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
reality	O
of	O
your	O
girls	O
.	O
"	O


By	O
no	O
means	O
do	O
we	O
deny	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
unveiled	O
Saudi	B-NORP
women	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
do	O
not	O
hold	O
our	O
society	O
to	O
be	O
free	O
of	O
faults	O
and	O
corruption	O
.	O


But	O
thank	O
God	O
we	O
have	O
more	O
good	O
than	O
evil	O
.	O


But	O
your	O
problem	O
is	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
looking	O
with	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
eye	O
,	O
the	O
eye	O
of	O
evil	O
and	O
defects	O
.	O


-------------------------	O


Noble	O
brother	O
,	O
may	O
God	O
reward	O
you	O
with	O
good	O
and	O
elevate	O
your	O
status	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
there	O
are	O
Saudi	B-NORP
women	O
among	O
them	O
but	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
not	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
find	O
it	O
easy	O
to	O
swallow	O
that	O
a	O
Saudi	B-NORP
woman	O
would	O
uncover	O
her	O
belly	O
,	O
God	O
forbid	O
!!	O


Anyway	O
,	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
subject	O
is	O
to	O
reply	O
to	O
Jasir	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Jasir	I-PERSON
,	O
this	O
poor	O
wretch	O
who	O
has	O
shown	O
his	O
malice	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
among	O
the	O
happiest	O
about	O
these	O
disgusting	O
scenes	O
.	O


-------------------------	O


In	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
the	O
Merciful	O
,	O
the	O
Compassionate	O
.	O


My	O
beloved	O
brother	O
..	O
may	O
God	O
reward	O
you	O
with	O
good	O
.	O


You	O
really	O
are	O
a	O
Saudi	B-NORP
citizen	O
..	O
you	O
fear	O
for	O
your	O
country	O
and	O
your	O
society	O
from	O
the	O
male	O
and	O
female	O
corrupters	O
.	O


May	O
God	O
grant	O
success	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
to	O
everyone	O
else	O
who	O
are	O
earnestly	O
concerned	O
about	O
what	O
He	O
loves	O
and	O
approves	O
of	O
.	O


May	O
God	O
take	O
revenge	O
on	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
scheming	O
night	O
and	O
day	O
,	O
secretly	O
and	O
openly	O
,	O
to	O
seduce	O
women	O
in	O
this	O
conservative	O
Muslim	B-NORP
country	O
which	O
sent	O
the	O
Spanish	B-NORP
minister	O
of	O
justice	O
away	O
in	O
failure	O
after	O
the	O
men	O
stopped	O
him	O
when	O
he	O
set	O
conditions	O
--	O
and	O
in	O
our	O
country	O
which	O
hosted	O
him	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
became	O
impolite	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
halted	O
in	O
the	O
most	O
polite	O
and	O
reasonable	O
way	O
.	O


During	O
this	O
...	O
comes	O
the	O
match	O
between	O
our	O
Saudi	B-NORP
national	O
team	O
and	O
the	O
national	O
team	O
of	O
our	O
brother	O
country	O
Qatar	B-GPE
..	O


Like	O
it	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
the	O
Qatari	B-NORP
people	O
are	O
the	O
twin	O
of	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


Actually	O
they	O
are	O
one	B-CARDINAL
people	O
...	O


The	O
elite	O
are	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Qatar	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
have	O
the	O
blessings	O
of	O
a	O
conservative	O
and	O
zealous	O
Muslim	B-NORP
people	O
..	O
even	O
if	O
something	O
else	O
is	O
wanted	O
for	O
it	O
..	O


I	O
watched	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
matches	O
that	O
day	O
...	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
match	O
was	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
national	O
team	O
against	O
the	O
Bahraini	B-NORP
national	O
team	O
...	O


The	O
logo	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
team	O
was	O
green	O
and	O
white	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
team	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
grandstands	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
the	O
same	O
female	O
cheerleaders	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
who	O
hired	O
them	O
-	O
for	O
something	O
in	O
his	O
mind	O
-	O
brought	O
them	O
more	B-TIME
than	I-TIME
one	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
before	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
match	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
team	O
against	O
the	O
Bahraini	B-NORP
team	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
leave	O
the	O
stadium	O
until	O
after	O
the	O
match	O
between	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
and	O
Qatar	B-GPE
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
they	O
stayed	O
at	O
the	O
stadium	O
for	O
at	B-TIME
least	I-TIME
five	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
..	O


I	O
do	O
not	O
say	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
hired	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
,	O
perhaps	O
there	O
was	O
one	B-CARDINAL
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
or	O
even	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
Saudi	B-NORP
women	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
rejoices	O
when	O
the	O
camera	O
passes	O
over	O
her	O
and	O
stands	O
up	O
and	O
jumps	O
and	O
shouts	O
is	O
either	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
:	O
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
:	O
not	O
a	O
Saudi	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
:	O
a	O
Saudi	B-NORP
woman	O
devoid	O
of	O
bashfulness	O
who	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
brought	O
up	O
well	O
by	O
her	O
parents	O
and	O
lived	O
outside	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
more	O
than	O
she	O
lived	O
inside	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
say	O
this	O
because	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
Saudi	B-NORP
and	O
I	O
know	O
well	O
the	O
girls	O
of	O
my	O
country	O
.	O


No	O
matter	O
how	O
reckless	O
a	O
Saudi	B-NORP
girl	O
is	O
she	O
has	O
limits	O
at	O
which	O
she	O
stops	O
..	O


Those	O
in	O
the	O
grandstands	O
crossed	O
the	O
red	O
,	O
yellow	O
and	O
green	O
lines	O
.....	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
done	O
by	O
Saudi	B-NORP
actresses	O
and	O
singers	O
who	O
left	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
purity	O
for	O
a	O
corrupt	O
world	O
which	O
suits	O
the	O
life	O
they	O
have	O
chosen	O
for	O
themselves	O
...	O


It	O
is	O
well	O
known	O
that	O
actresses	O
and	O
singers	O
are	O
less	O
shy	O
than	O
others	O
.	O


Has	O
anyone	O
seen	O
a	O
singer	O
or	O
an	O
actress	O
with	O
such	O
shamelessness	O
?..	O


Despite	O
their	O
shamelessness	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
reach	O
this	O
degree	O
..	O


Finally	O
,	O
I	O
say	O
:	O
-LRB-	O
The	B-GPE
Kingdom	I-GPE
of	I-GPE
Saudi	I-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
was	O
established	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
God	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
His	O
messenger	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
religion	O
of	O
God	O
and	O
the	O
Sunna	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	O
His	O
messenger	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
may	O
God	O
bless	O
him	O
and	O
grant	O
him	O
salvation	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
This	O
way	O
of	O
doing	O
things	O
will	O
not	O
change	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
liberals	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
is	O
better	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
pursue	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Qusaybi	I-PERSON
,	O
Khalid	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Harbi	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
others	O
whom	O
purity	O
and	O
virtuousness	O
do	O
not	O
suit	O
,	O
and	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
graze	O
like	O
cattle	O
in	O
every	O
corrupt	O
world	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


-----------------------	O


Noble	O
brother	O
:	O
may	O
God	O
reward	O
you	O
with	O
good	O
and	O
elevate	O
your	O
status	O
.	O


The	O
media	O
should	O
have	O
disapproved	O
of	O
what	O
happened	O
in	O
the	O
grandstands	O
,	O
but	O
unfortunately	O
newspapers	O
have	O
vied	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
to	O
publish	O
the	O
photos	O
as	O
though	O
they	O
were	O
heralding	O
a	O
new	O
era	O
!	O


-----------------------	O


My	O
outstanding	O
brother	O
In	O
fact	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
displeased	O
by	O
your	O
choices	O
--	O
you	O
and	O
Aba	B-PERSON
Lujayn	I-PERSON
--	O
for	O
instance	O
...	O
of	O
specific	O
subjects	O
..	O
meant	O
apparently	O
to	O
promote	O
your	O
earnest	O
concern	O
which	O
you	O
lack	O
in	O
your	O
heart	O
--	O
you	O
and	O
him	O
.	O
Because	O
you	O
choose	O
only	O
the	O
subjects	O
which	O
get	O
the	O
interest	O
of	O
the	O
common	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
stir	O
up	O
instincts	O
in	O
them	O
to	O
find	O
enough	O
drum	O
-	O
beating	O
to	O
satisfy	O
your	O
illusion	O
--	O
you	O
and	O
Aba	B-PERSON
Lujayn	I-PERSON
along	O
with	O
several	O
writers	O
..	O


You	O
write	O
for	O
something	O
in	O
the	O
soul	O
of	O
Yaqub	B-PERSON
and	O
you	O
leave	O
the	O
real	O
issues	O
which	O
threaten	O
Islam	B-ORG
and	O
Muslims	B-NORP
.	O


You	O
even	O
avoid	O
replying	O
to	O
them	O
as	O
if	O
birds	O
were	O
on	O
your	O
heads	O
....	O


You	O
have	O
been	O
exposed	O
to	O
everyone	O
...	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
subject	O
about	O
a	O
prince	O
..	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
subject	O
about	O
a	O
disreputable	O
cheerleader	O
..	O


And	O
something	O
else	O
is	O
about	O
a	O
trivial	O
issue	O
which	O
is	O
read	O
only	O
by	O
a	O
trivial	O
person	O
or	O
one	O
deluded	O
by	O
a	O
false	O
reputation	O
about	O
you	O
..	O


You	O
made	O
a	O
sparkle	O
for	O
yourselves	O
.....	O
and	O
you	O
were	O
burned	O
and	O
the	O
light	O
burned	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
are	O
mere	O
darkness	O
.	O


Advice	O
for	O
the	O
sake	O
of	O
God	O
......	O


Share	O
your	O
nation	O
's	O
real	O
concerns	O
...	O
over	O
the	O
dangers	O
surrounding	O
it	O
from	O
all	O
directions	O
..	O
over	O
our	O
enemies	O
...	O
over	O
the	O
conspiracies	O
woven	O
against	O
us	O
in	O
secrecy	O
..	O
over	O
encroachments	O
on	O
our	O
values	O
and	O
our	O
true	O
religion	O
....	O
not	O
on	O
disreputable	O
prostitutes	O
,	O
whether	O
they	O
were	O
Saudis	B-NORP
or	O
not	O
;	O
they	O
are	O
vulgar	O
whores	O
..	O


In	O
the	O
kingdom	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
streets	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
televisions	O
and	O
satellite	O
stations	O
we	O
have	O
more	O
than	O
those	O
who	O
dress	O
in	O
a	O
revealing	O
way	O
among	O
our	O
fellow	O
citizens	O
......	O
or	O
do	O
you	O
deny	O
that	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
like	O
your	O
amazing	O
selectiveness	O
which	O
stirs	O
doubt	O
.	O


The	O
main	O
point	O
.....	O


This	O
is	O
your	O
habit	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
your	O
style	O
....	O


My	O
brother	O
,	O
get	O
acquainted	O
with	O
a	O
prince	O
or	O
ask	O
Aba	B-PERSON
Lujayn	I-PERSON
to	O
introduce	O
you	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
friends	O
the	O
thieves	O
..	O
so	O
you	O
and	O
him	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
gang	O
of	O
merry	O
-	O
making	O
can	O
become	O
like	O
the	O
economic	O
analysts	O
who	O
are	O
paid	O
for	O
what	O
they	O
say	O
on	O
the	O
satellites	O
to	O
deceive	O
the	O
common	O
people	O
so	O
that	O
their	O
masters	O
and	O
the	O
providers	O
of	O
their	O
livelihood	O
may	O
profit	O
......................	O


May	O
God	O
guide	O
you	O
..	O
no	O
and	O
after	O
you	O
put	O
their	O
picture	O
....	O
go	O
just	O
....	O
peeling	O
onions	O
is	O
better	O
for	O
you	O
than	O
quackery	O
and	O
hoodwinking	O
,	O
you	O
bankrupt	O
...	O
like	O
the	O
poor	O
of	O
the	O
Jews	B-NORP
.	O


------------------------------	O


My	O
outstanding	O
brother	O
:	O
May	O
God	O
guide	O
you	O
and	O
lead	O
you	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
right	O
path	O
.	O


You	O
began	O
your	O
message	O
with	O
grace	O
and	O
ended	O
it	O
with	O
name	O
-	O
calling	O
!	O


There	O
is	O
nothing	O
greater	O
than	O
sharing	O
the	O
concerns	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
,	O
than	O
denouncing	O
a	O
vile	O
deed	O
.	O


What	O
happened	O
is	O
among	O
the	O
encompassing	O
dangers	O
about	O
which	O
we	O
must	O
not	O
keep	O
silent	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
for	O
promoting	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
honor	O
!!	O


At	O
whom	O
?	O


Thank	O
you	O
for	O
putting	O
my	O
name	O
beside	O
that	O
of	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Lujayn	I-PERSON
.	O


This	O
is	O
an	O
honor	O
for	O
me	O
that	O
I	O
am	O
unworthy	O
of	O
.	O


Whoever	O
is	O
like	O
Abu	B-PERSON
Lujayn	I-PERSON
has	O
succeeded	O
.	O


-------------------------------	O


Greetings	O
.	O


You	O
said	O
in	O
your	O
subject	O
on	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
the	O
forum	O
entitled	O
"	O
Scandal	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hiring	I-WORK_OF_ART
Wailing	I-WORK_OF_ART
Female	I-WORK_OF_ART
Cheerleaders	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
Would	I-WORK_OF_ART
They	I-WORK_OF_ART
Have	I-WORK_OF_ART
Made	I-WORK_OF_ART
Them	I-WORK_OF_ART
Brunettes	I-WORK_OF_ART
?	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	O
-LRB-	O
In	O
the	O
Gulf	B-LOC
championship	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
held	O
in	O
Abu	B-GPE
Dhabi	I-GPE
,	O
wailing	O
female	O
cheerleaders	O
were	O
hired	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
national	O
team	O
of	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
!	O


This	O
was	O
done	O
at	O
all	O
the	O
foreign	O
championships	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
team	O
participated	O
.	O


Because	O
we	O
are	O
a	O
conservative	O
nation	O
which	O
does	O
not	O
accept	O
mingling	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sexes	O
,	O
women	O
and	O
everyone	O
like	O
them	O
were	O
in	O
another	O
grandstand	O
--	O
not	O
the	O
one	O
for	O
the	O
cheerleader	O
group	O
--	O
so	O
that	O
nothing	O
with	O
non-praiseworthy	O
consequences	O
might	O
occur	O
!	O


The	O
scandal	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
chose	O
them	O
did	O
not	O
take	O
into	O
consideration	O
the	O
disparity	O
in	O
specifications	O
?	O


For	O
we	O
were	O
shown	O
girls	O
who	O
are	O
dressed	O
in	O
a	O
revealing	O
way	O
,	O
bending	O
and	O
drawing	O
people	O
's	O
attention	O
,	O
blondes	O
with	O
green	O
eyes	O
.	O


With	O
my	O
own	O
eyes	O
,	O
I	O
saw	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
with	O
the	O
lower	O
part	O
of	O
her	O
abdomen	O
revealed	O
out	O
of	O
increased	O
enthusiasm	O
!	O


And	O
the	O
funny	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
tied	O
the	O
kaffiyeh	O
on	O
their	O
heads	O
!	O


Maybe	O
prior	O
to	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
Yemeni	B-NORP
team	O
grandstand	O
,	O
before	O
they	O
moved	O
to	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
team	O
grandstand	O
.	O


What	O
makes	O
one	O
weep	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
flag	O
of	O
monotheism	O
which	O
King	O
Abdul	B-PERSON
Aziz	I-PERSON
carried	O
in	O
the	O
fields	O
of	O
Jihad	O
and	O
with	O
which	O
he	O
unified	O
the	O
country	O
is	O
wrapped	O
around	O
the	O
waist	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
swaying	O
with	O
it	O
!!	O


And	O
this	O
degradation	O
of	O
the	O
flag	O
of	O
monotheism	O
is	O
a	O
continuation	O
of	O
the	O
act	O
done	O
by	O
some	O
silly	O
people	O
when	O
they	O
hung	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
house	O
of	O
prostitution	O
and	O
vice	O
!!	O
-RRB-	O


My	O
brother	O
,	O
what	O
does	O
Yemen	B-GPE
have	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
issue	O
now	O
?	O


Or	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
girls	O
of	O
Yemen	B-GPE
are	O
loose	O
and	O
lost	O
?	O


Think	O
the	O
matter	O
over	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
think	O
that	O
,	O
you	O
were	O
wrong	O
,	O
please	O
apologize	O
to	O
all	O
Yemenis	B-NORP
in	O
your	O
same	O
subject	O
.	O


You	O
defend	O
the	O
girls	O
of	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
by	O
insulting	O
the	O
girls	O
of	O
Yemen	B-GPE
.	O


Why	O
?	O


You	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
it	O
for	O
the	O
girls	O
of	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
,	O
but	O
you	O
like	O
it	O
for	O
the	O
girls	O
of	O
Yemen	B-GPE
?	O


I	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
follower	O
of	O
the	O
forum	O
site	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
.	O


Your	O
topic	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
one	O
I	O
have	O
replied	O
to	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
your	O
replies	O
to	O
the	O
participants	O
,	O
I	O
respected	O
you	O
and	O
I	O
still	O
respect	O
you	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
lapse	O
was	O
uncalled	O
for	O
.	O


May	O
Allah	O
forgive	O
you	O
in	O
the	O
protection	O
of	O
Allah	O
.	O


-----------------------------	O


My	O
outstanding	O
brother	O
:	O
May	O
Allah	O
reward	O
you	O
with	O
good	O
and	O
elevate	O
your	O
status	O
.	O


You	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
from	O
Yemen	B-GPE
!	O


Anyway	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
mean	O
that	O
that	O
girl	O
was	O
from	O
Yemen	B-GPE
,	O
but	O
rather	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
hired	O
for	O
cheerleading	O
.	O


Because	O
she	O
tied	O
the	O
kaffiyeh	O
on	O
her	O
head	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Yemen	B-GPE
do	O
,	O
I	O
said	O
what	O
I	O
did	O
in	O
sarcasm	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
attack	O
the	O
women	O
of	O
Yemen	B-GPE
!	O


------------------------------	O


It	O
is	O
wrong	O
to	O
shift	O
our	O
disability	O
into	O
a	O
general	O
impossibility	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
reason	O
for	O
holding	O
others	O
back	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
smother	O
their	O
abilities	O
and	O
capabilities	O
.	O


.....	O
miml9@hotmail.com	O


Paqueta	B-PERSON
wants	O
to	O
finish	O
Saad	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Harthi	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
the	O
butcher	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
soccer	O
and	O
educationally	O
.	O


Night	B-PERSON
Star	I-PERSON


6	O
x	O
1	B-CARDINAL
=	O
6	B-CARDINAL


Paqueta	B-PERSON


Away	O
from	O
the	O
club	O
colors	O
and	O
loyalties	O
..	O
and	O
striving	O
for	O
a	O
explanation	O
and	O
clarification	O
.	O
So	O
far	O
I	O
have	O
not	O
found	O
a	O
convincing	O
explanation	O
for	O
two	B-CARDINAL
incidents	O
involving	O
one	B-CARDINAL
player	O
,	O
the	O
star	O
Saad	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Harthi	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
is	O
the	O
matter	O
of	O
his	O
call	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
national	O
team	O
after	O
he	O
clearly	O
excelled	O
at	O
his	O
club	O
,	O
then	O
being	O
put	O
aside	O
by	O
Mr.	O
Paqueta	B-PERSON
,	O
outside	O
the	O
formation	O
,	O
even	O
on	O
the	O
benches	O
in	O
the	O
stadium	O
.	O


He	O
did	O
not	O
play	O
even	O
as	O
a	O
reserve	O
,	O
nor	O
was	O
he	O
unshackled	O
and	O
returned	O
to	O
complete	O
his	O
university	O
studies	O
of	O
which	O
less	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
are	O
left	O
.	O


Acquiring	O
an	O
education	O
remains	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
weapon	O
that	O
covers	O
the	O
professional	O
player	O
,	O
especially	O
as	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Harthi	I-PERSON
had	O
postponed	O
it	O
more	O
than	O
once	O
,	O
all	O
during	O
his	O
participation	O
in	O
the	O
Saudi	B-NORP
national	O
team	O
...!	O


So	O
read	O
on	O
with	O
me	O
.	O


Article	O
Six	B-CARDINAL
,	O
clause	O
three	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	B-LAW
Professional	I-LAW
Regulations	I-LAW
stipulates	O
..	O
that	O
the	O
professional	O
player	O
undertakes	O
to	O
continue	O
his	O
education	O
and	O
raise	O
his	O
cultural	O
level	O


and	O
what	O
supports	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
look	O
into	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Harthi	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
return	O
is	O
that	O
Mr.	O
Paqueta	B-PERSON
already	O
has	O
six	B-CARDINAL
strikers	O
beside	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Harthi	I-PERSON
and	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
took	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
two	B-CARDINAL
games	O
...!	O


The	O
second	B-ORDINAL
incident	O
is	O
the	O
report	O
raised	O
by	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Masibih	I-PERSON
to	O
His	O
Highness	O
the	O
President	O
of	O
the	O
Union	B-ORG
about	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Harthi	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
diligence	O
and	O
his	O
readiness	O
to	O
represent	O
the	O
homeland	O
,	O
which	O
raises	O
a	O
wider	O
question	O
mark	O
about	O
why	O
this	O
report	O
concerned	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Harthi	I-PERSON
alone	O
?	O


Has	O
anything	O
happened	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
that	O
would	O
contradict	O
it	O
?	O


The	O
answer	O
from	O
all	O
the	O
fans	O
is	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
no	O
..!	O


Or	O
is	O
there	O
someone	O
who	O
ordered	O
that	O
this	O
report	O
be	O
submitted	O
..?	O


What	O
are	O
his	O
motives	O
..?	O


I	O
know	O
for	O
sure	O
that	O
someone	O
will	O
summarize	O
everything	O
I	O
referred	O
to	O
above	O
place	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
category	O
of	O
preferences	O
.	O


And	O
then	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
,	O
will	O
not	O
care	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
transmit	O
a	O
fact	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
in	O
great	O
need	O
of	O
players	O
who	O
are	O
skilled	O
with	O
their	O
brains	O
and	O
their	O
legs	O
.	O


So	O
liberate	O
the	O
minds	O
of	O
those	O
with	O
skilled	O
legs	O
so	O
that	O
we	O
would	O
enjoy	O
a	O
generation	O
blessed	O
with	O
a	O
civilization	O
of	O
progress	O
and	O
consciousness	O
and	O
awareness	O


Let	O
us	O
all	O
repeat	O
together	O
with	O
our	O
hearts	O
before	O
our	O
tongues	O
"	O
Long	O
live	O
the	O
Green	O
,	O
long	O
may	O
it	O
live	O
"	O


From	O
under	O
the	O
door	O
--	O


His	O
last	O
title	O
that	O
stuck	O
to	O
him	O
and	O
which	O
he	O
retained	O
is	O
"	O
FIFA	B-ORG
international	O
expert	O
"	O


So	O
what	O
will	O
he	O
win	O
from	O
the	O
title	O
"	O
the	O
Legend	O
of	O
the	O
Gulf	B-LOC
"	O
apart	O
from	O
proving	O
the	O
saying	O
"	O
not	O
getting	O
tired	O
of	O
titles	O
"	O
after	O
the	O
overwhelming	O
public	O
popularity	O
?	O


What	O
a	O
sad	O
media	O
that	O
which	O
reduced	O
the	O
meeting	O
of	O
our	O
national	O
team	O
with	O
Qatar	B-GPE
to	O
the	O
confrontation	O
of	O
Al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Shlhoub	I-PERSON
with	O
Khalfan	B-PERSON
..!*	O


The	O
invisible	O
reason	O
behind	O
Jasim	O
's	O
decisive	O
victory	O
in	O
getting	O
the	O
"	O
Legend	O
of	O
the	O
Gulf	O
"	O
title	O
is	O
his	O
insistence	O
on	O
thanking	O
the	O
eight	O
media	O
personalities	O
who	O
voted	O
for	O
him	O
!*	O


A	O
question	O
occurs	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


How	O
come	O
a	O
player	O
for	O
whom	O
voted	O
55	O
%	O
of	O
an	O
awesome	O
number	O
of	O
the	O
public	O
does	O
not	O
get	O
the	O
title	O
,	O
while	O
a	O
player	O
with	O
45	O
%	O
is	O
given	O
the	O
title	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
no	O
more	O
than	O
eight	O
media	O
personalities	O
voting	O
for	O
him	O
?	O


How	O
?	O


Since	O
the	O
"	O
one	O
and	O
only	O
"	O
media	O
started	O
criticizing	O
the	O
coach	O
Paqueta	O
heavily	O
..	O
can	O
we	O
innocently	O
ask	O
here	O
whether	O
this	O
media	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
"	O
middleman	O
"	O
striving	O
for	O
Paqueta	O
's	O
dismissal	O
and	O
his	O
return	O
to	O
their	O
team	O
..?	O


What	O
supports	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
delay	O
in	O
their	O
team	O
contracting	O
a	O
coach	O
..!	O


I	O
found	O
the	O
novel	O
-LRB-	O
The	O
Searcher	O
and	O
the	O
Searched	O
For	O
-RRB-	O
clearly	O
in	O
the	O
tyrannical	O
individualism	O
of	O
Al	O
-	O
Shlhoub	O
and	O
al	O
-	O
Qahtani	O
..	O
and	O
each	O
of	O
them	O
searching	O
for	O
the	O
other	O
..!	O


The	O
emblem	O
of	O
the	O
leadership	O
did	O
not	O
suite	O
him	O
-LRB-	O
neither	O
in	O
form	O
mor	O
in	O
content	O
-RRB-	O
*	O


Paqueta	O
puts	O
his	O
earpiece	O
in	O
his	O
ear	O
and	O
talks	O
on	O
the	O
telephone	O
throughout	O
the	O
match	O
*	O


This	O
can	O
only	O
have	O
two	O
explanations	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
is	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
technical	O
manager	O
in	O
the	O
stands	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
he	O
was	O
n't	O
there	O
-RRB-	O
...!	O


The	O
second	O
is	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
another	O
person	O
dictating	O
to	O
him	O
while	O
he	O
executes	O
..!!.	O


An	O
article	O
copied	O
from	O
the	O
famous	O
writer	O
and	O
the	O
satellite	O
TV	O
voice	O
of	O
Nasr	O
International	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Khaled	O
Al	O
-	O
Shaalan	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
life	O
as	O
seen	O
by	O
states	O
....	O


If	O
it	O
pleased	O
someone	O
for	O
an	O
hour	O
,	O
it	O
made	O
him	O
unhappy	O
for	O
ages	O
.	O


A	O
Very	O
Ordinary	O
Native	O
Country	O


Night	O
Star	O
,	O
here	O
is	O
an	O
advice	O
for	O
free	O
:	O
do	O
not	O
try	O
and	O
tire	O
yourself	O
with	O
Khaled	O
Al	O
-	O
Shaalan	O
.	O


The	O
man	O
suffers	O
from	O
unnatural	O
fanaticism	O
and	O
the	O
problem	O
is	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
those	O
who	O
support	O
him	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
scrutinized	O
all	O
his	O
articles	O
and	O
his	O
appearance	O
on	O
the	O
channels	O
and	O
his	O
transfer	O
from	O
one	O
channel	O
to	O
another	O
then	O
you	O
would	O
know	O
this	O
man	O
's	O
disease	O
.	O


Encouragement	O
is	O
a	O
nice	O
thing	O
.	O


However	O
fanaticism	O
,	O
the	O
turning	O
of	O
facts	O
on	O
their	O
head	O
,	O
the	O
schadenfreude	O
,	O
the	O
mockery	O
and	O
the	O
lying	O
and	O
innumerable	O
,	O
uncountable	O
issues	O
are	O
present	O
in	O
this	O
sick	O
person	O
;.	O


I	O
advised	O
you	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
your	O
choice	O
.	O


Saudi	O
shares	O
forum	O
http://www.moltqaa.com	O
.	O


Citiiiizen	O
--	O


Ten	B-CARDINAL
ways	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
flexible	O
personality	O
-LRB-	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
missed	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Grinch	B-PERSON


In	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
God	O
the	O
Compassionate	O
,	O
the	O
Merciful	O
.	O


Blessings	O
and	O
peace	O
be	O
upon	O
the	O
most	O
noble	O
of	O
prophets	O
and	O
the	O
messengers	O
,	O
our	O
Lord	O
Mohammed	B-PERSON
and	O
on	O
his	O
family	O
and	O
all	O
his	O
companions	O
.	O


Peace	O
be	O
upon	O
you	O
and	O
the	O
mercy	O
and	O
blessings	O
of	O
God	O
.	O


I	O
found	O
a	O
splendid	O
subject	O
during	O
surfing	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
the	O
Net	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
you	O
like	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
called	O
"	O
Ten	B-CARDINAL
ways	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
flexible	O
personality	O
"	O
.	O


What	O
distinguishes	O
us	O
as	O
people	O
is	O
the	O
independent	O
personality	O
whether	O
strong	O
or	O
weak	O
,	O
hesitant	O
or	O
fickle	O
,	O
balanced	O
or	O
extreme	O
.	O


The	O
building	O
of	O
a	O
strong	O
flexible	O
personality	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
personal	O
journey	O
in	O
itself	O
as	O
it	O
passes	O
through	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
phases	O
and	O
stages	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
done	O
through	O
strengthening	O
and	O
building	O
and	O
refining	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
not	O
believe	O
that	O
one	O
possesses	O
a	O
strong	O
personality	O
by	O
nature	O
,	O
but	O
one	O
does	O
possess	O
the	O
basics	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
necessary	O
because	O
what	O
comes	O
later	O
is	O
the	O
real	O
basis	O
for	O
determining	O
personality	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
American	I-ORG
Psychological	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
produced	O
a	O
guide	O
called	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Way	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
Flexibility	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART
aimed	O
at	O
building	O
and	O
reinforcing	O
the	O
flexible	O
personality	O
and	O
training	O
people	O
wanting	O
to	O
attain	O
such	O
a	O
personality	O
easily	O
.	O


Here	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
of	O
points	O
for	O
you	O
:	O


1.	O
The	O
creation	O
of	O
social	O
relationships	O
:	O
the	O
establishing	O
of	O
good	O
relations	O
with	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
family	O
or	O
friends	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
matter	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
acceptance	O
of	O
help	O
and	O
support	O
from	O
those	O
who	O
care	O
about	O
you	O
because	O
it	O
acts	O
to	O
strengthen	O
flexibility	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
also	O
find	O
that	O
joining	O
and	O
entering	O
civil	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
local	O
groups	O
that	O
support	O
the	O
community	O
helps	O
them	O
regain	O
hope	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
helps	O
other	O
individuals	O
in	O
society	O
.	O


2.	O
Avoiding	O
seeing	O
crises	O
as	O
insurmountable	O
problems	O
:	O
you	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
annoying	O
incidents	O
happen	O
but	O
you	O
can	O
change	O
the	O
way	O
you	O
interpret	O
them	O
and	O
your	O
reaction	O
to	O
these	O
incidents	O
.	O


Try	O
to	O
see	O
beyond	O
the	O
present	O
and	O
think	O
that	O
the	O
future	O
circumstances	O
will	O
be	O
better	O
.	O


Always	O
put	O
your	O
confidence	O
and	O
your	O
belief	O
in	O
a	O
better	O
tomorrow	B-ORG
,	O
this	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
will	O
surely	O
come	O
.	O


3.	O
Accept	O
that	O
change	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
life	O
:	O
you	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
achieve	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
aims	O
because	O
of	O
certain	O
circumstances	O
but	O
accept	O
that	O
the	O
current	O
situation	O
and	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
change	O
it	O
may	O
play	O
a	O
part	O
in	O
your	O
acceptance	O
of	O
reality	O
and	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
other	O
projects	O
in	O
life	O
.	O


Do	O
not	O
stand	O
and	O
cry	O
over	O
the	O
ruins	O
.	O


4.	O
Move	O
towards	O
your	O
goals	O
,	O
develop	O
some	O
realistic	O
goals	O
.	O


Do	O
things	O
systematically	O
-	O
even	O
if	O
it	O
seems	O
like	O
small	O
achievements	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
nevertheless	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
steps	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
forward	O
.	O


Instead	O
of	O
concentrating	O
on	O
tasks	O
which	O
seem	O
unachievable	O
,	O
ask	O
yourself	O
:	O
"	O
What	O
can	O
I	O
achieve	O
today	B-DATE
?	O
"	O


5.	O
Take	O
decisive	O
steps	O
:	O
take	O
decisive	O
steps	O
instead	O
of	O
withdrawing	O
completely	O
from	O
problems	O
and	O
pressures	O
and	O
fleeing	O
from	O
them	O
.	O


Decisive	O
decisions	O
will	O
cut	O
the	O
doubt	O
with	O
confidence	O
,	O
strengthen	O
your	O
determination	O
and	O
make	O
you	O
tougher	O
in	O
dealing	O
with	O
the	O
consequences	O
and	O
in	O
benefiting	O
from	O
mistakes	O
.	O


6.	O
Look	O
for	O
opportunities	O
to	O
discover	O
yourself	O
:	O
people	O
are	O
always	O
discovering	O
new	O
things	O
about	O
themselves	O
,	O
they	O
realize	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
matured	O
in	O
some	O
way	O
or	O
other	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
their	O
previous	O
experiences	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
gone	O
through	O
harsh	O
experiences	O
say	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
gained	O
from	O
their	O
experiences	O
and	O
have	O
become	O
better	O
people	O
,	O
their	O
personality	O
has	O
grown	O
stronger	O
and	O
their	O
feelings	O
have	O
grown	O
stronger	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
their	O
confidence	O
in	O
themselves	O
.	O


7.	O
Nurture	O
the	O
positive	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
in	O
yourself	O
:	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
asking	O
you	O
to	O
become	O
over	O
-	O
confident	O
in	O
yourself	O
,	O
proud	O
and	O
arrogant	O
towards	O
others	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
you	O
become	O
confident	O
in	O
your	O
abilities	O
to	O
work	O
and	O
achieve	O
.	O


Do	O
not	O
blame	O
yourself	O
too	O
much	O
because	O
you	O
will	O
collapse	O
at	O
the	O
slightest	O
problem	O
.	O


Keep	O
things	O
in	O
perspective	O
:	O
even	O
when	O
you	O
face	O
very	O
painful	O
events	O
,	O
try	O
to	O
consider	O
them	O
an	O
exhausting	O
phase	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
life	O
is	O
bigger	O
and	O
wider	O
than	O
this	O
problem	O
.	O


Avoid	O
exaggerating	O
events	O
and	O
problems	O
,	O
keep	O
things	O
in	O
perspective	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
overcome	O
them	O
easily	O
.	O


Keep	O
an	O
optimistic	O
frame	O
of	O
mind	O
:	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
room	O
for	O
hope	O
has	O
faded	O
in	O
the	O
eyes	O
of	O
many	O
and	O
you	O
too	O
,	O
keep	O
a	O
positive	O
frame	O
of	O
mind	O
vis-à-vis	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
try	O
to	O
imagine	O
what	O
you	O
want	O
and	O
not	O
the	O
problems	O
that	O
will	O
hit	O
you	O
.	O


Take	O
care	O
of	O
yourself	O
:	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
your	O
own	O
needs	O
and	O
your	O
feelings	O
.	O


Take	O
part	O
in	O
activities	O
which	O
you	O
enjoy	O
and	O
in	O
which	O
you	O
relax	O
.	O


Practice	O
sport	O
regularly	O
to	O
obtain	O
the	O
physical	O
benefit	O
,	O
maintain	O
your	O
mind	O
and	O
your	O
nutrition	O
and	O
your	O
health	O
to	O
guarantee	O
that	O
you	O
reach	O
the	O
highest	O
levels	O
of	O
personal	O
flexibility	O
.	O


The	O
beloved	O
Prophet	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
blessings	O
and	O
peace	O
be	O
upon	O
Him	O
,	O
said	O
"	O
Your	O
self	O
has	O
a	O
claim	O
upon	O
you	O
.	O
"	O


May	O
God	O
grant	O
you	O
success	O
.	O


Grinch	B-PERSON


It	O
is	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
Do	O
not	O
be	O
soft	O
as	O
to	O
be	O
squeezable	O
,	O
nor	O
so	O
hard	O
as	O
to	O
be	O
breakable	O
"	O
...	O
that	O
means	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
balanced	O
flexibility	O
.	O


Sweet	B-PERSON
Natured	I-PERSON


You	O
reminded	O
me	O
of	O
a	O
Hadith	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
prophet	O
,	O
peace	O
and	O
blessings	O
be	O
upon	O
him	O
,	O
liked	O
optimism	O
.	O


I	O
thank	O
you	O
very	O
much	O
,	O
my	O
dear	O
,	O
for	O
your	O
valuable	O
subject	O
.	O


Your	O
brother	O
Sweet	B-PERSON
Natured	I-PERSON
.	O


Carrier	B-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Gazelle	I-PERSON


May	O
God	O
reward	O
you	O
for	O
what	O
you	O
have	O
written	O


Grinch	B-PERSON


The	O
precious	O
dear	O
Sweet	B-PERSON
Natured	I-PERSON
You	O
are	O
worthy	O
of	O
the	O
name	O
.	O


I	O
thank	O
you	O
for	O
posting	O
and	O
for	O
being	O
a	O
good	O
visitor	O
.	O


Your	O
comments	O
and	O
participation	O
have	O
greatly	O
honored	O
me	O
.	O


May	O
God	O
reward	O
you	O
.	O


Grinch	B-PERSON


May	O
God	O
reward	O
the	B-PERSON
Carrier	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Gazelle	I-PERSON
for	O
this	O
good	O
invocation	O
.	O


By	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
been	O
greatly	O
honoured	O
by	O
your	O
1000th	B-ORDINAL
participation	O
.	O


Grinch	B-PERSON
.	O


Always	O
remember	O
that	O
your	O
reply	O
to	O
my	O
subject	O
was	O
participation	O
number	O
1000	B-CARDINAL
.	O


I	O
thank	O
you	O
because	O
you	O
are	O
always	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
do	O
good	O
.	O


Accept	O
my	O
love	O
.	O


Carrier	B-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Gazelle	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
honor	O
is	O
mine	O
,	O
may	O
God	O
guard	O
you	O
from	O
everything	O
bad	O
.	O


I	O
wo	O
n't	O
forget	O
this	O
thing	O
.	O


Good	B-PERSON
Willed	I-PERSON


Thanks	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
's	O
bless	O
you	O
.	O


Grinch	B-PERSON


I	O
thank	O
you	O
my	O
pious	O
brother	O
,	O
Good	B-PERSON
Willed	I-PERSON


God	O
's	O
bless	O
you	O
and	O
guide	O
your	O
steps	O
to	O
good	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
make	O
you	O
someone	O
he	O
is	O
satisfied	O
with	O
and	O
who	O
is	O
satisfied	O
with	O
him	O
.	O


Accept	O
my	O
love	O
.	O


Oh	O
God	O
the	O
Protector	O
-LRB-	O
Hell	O
in	O
an	O
Egyptian	B-NORP
Village	O
and	O
Gas	O
Bottles	O
Flying	O
Around	O
-RRB-	O


Hani	B-PERSON
Ghazal	I-PERSON


Hell	O
in	O
the	O
village	O
of	O
Maniat	B-GPE
Samanoud	I-GPE
.	O


A	O
gas	O
bottle	O
vehicle	O
exploded	O
and	O
turned	O
the	O
town	O
into	O
a	O
mass	O
of	O
fire	O
.	O


Sahar	B-PERSON
died	O
from	O
a	O
heart	O
attack	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
officials	O
moved	O
six	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
after	O
the	O
accident	O
.	O


.	O


The	O
vehicle	O
totally	O
burned	O
,	O
and	O
behind	O
it	O
the	O
bottles	O
.	O


Reporting	O
:	O
Mohamed	B-PERSON
Badra	I-PERSON


At	O
three	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
thirty	I-TIME
in	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
the	O
residents	O
of	O
Maniat	B-GPE
Samanoud	I-GPE
village	O
came	O
out	O
to	O
sounds	O
of	O
tremendous	O
explosions	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
a	O
battle	O
of	O
a	O
war	O
had	O
been	O
launched	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
surprised	O
by	O
the	O
gas	O
bottles	O
flying	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
and	O
falling	O
over	O
nearby	O
houses	O
,	O
which	O
led	O
to	O
fires	O
and	O
cracks	O
in	O
the	O
houses	O
from	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
explosion	O
.	O


Sahar	B-PERSON
Mohamed	I-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Baqtarsi	I-PERSON
-	O
35	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
-	O
died	O
,	O
suffering	O
a	O
sudden	O
heart	O
attack	O
from	O
the	O
horrendousness	O
of	O
the	O
surprise	O
.	O


Al	B-ORG
Wafd	I-ORG
met	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
residents	O
.	O


The	O
accountant	O
,	O
Ibrahim	B-PERSON
Abu	I-PERSON
Seif	I-PERSON
,	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
village	O
warehouse	O
bottle	O
vehicle	O
was	O
coming	O
,	O
loaded	O
by	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
gas	O
companies	O
in	O
Samnoud	B-GPE
city	O
.	O


Village	O
residents	O
were	O
surprised	O
as	O
it	O
entered	O
from	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
bridge	O
when	O
fire	O
came	O
out	O
from	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
the	O
vehicle	O
.	O


They	O
informed	O
the	O
driver	O
and	O
asked	O
him	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
vehicle	O
outside	O
the	O
residential	O
block	O
and	O
leave	O
it	O
before	O
any	O
explosion	O
could	O
happen	O
.	O


The	O
driver	O
sped	O
up	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
noticed	O
the	O
intensity	O
of	O
the	O
fire	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
the	O
vehicle	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
stopped	O
the	O
vehicle	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
traffic	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
residential	O
block	O
,	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
some	O
houses	O
and	O
the	O
mixed	O
Nasser	B-FAC
Preliminary	I-FAC
school	I-FAC
.	O


He	O
left	O
it	O
there	O
,	O
fearing	O
it	O
would	O
explode	O
while	O
he	O
was	O
inside	O
.	O


Immediately	O
after	O
he	O
left	O
it	O
,	O
the	O
explosions	O
started	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
residents	O
came	O
out	O
with	O
the	O
sound	O
of	O
loud	O
explosions	O
.	O


Everybody	O
trotted	O
outside	O
their	O
houses	O
to	O
Samanoud	B-GPE
city	O
,	O
fearing	O
another	O
disaster	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
village	O
residents	O
went	O
out	O
before	O
dawn	O
to	O
the	O
sound	O
of	O
explosions	O
and	O
learned	O
that	O
the	O
bottle	O
vehicle	O
of	O
the	O
village	O
bottle	O
warehouse	O
was	O
on	O
fire	O
and	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
bottles	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
bottles	O
started	O
to	O
fly	O
over	O
the	O
nearby	O
houses	O
,	O
which	O
caused	O
cracks	O
in	O
the	O
houses	O
,	O
"	O
said	O
Ihab	B-PERSON
Abu	I-PERSON
Shehata	I-PERSON
.	O


Abd	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Hamid	I-PERSON
Jaber	I-PERSON
Abu	I-PERSON
Ghoneim	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
a	O
grocery	O
booth	O
,	O
says	O
several	O
flaming	O
bottles	O
fell	O
over	O
the	O
booth	O
,	O
set	O
it	O
on	O
fire	O
,	O
and	O
totally	O
destroyed	O
it	O
.	O


Mahmoud	B-PERSON
Mahmoud	I-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Belehi	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
a	O
house	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
fire	O
,	O
confirms	O
that	O
the	O
house	O
was	O
cracked	O
when	O
a	O
charge	O
of	O
bottles	O
entered	O
the	O
house	O
and	O
a	O
fire	O
started	O
in	O
it	O
,	O
cracking	O
the	O
ceiling	O
and	O
walls	O
.	O


Sahar	B-PERSON
Kamal	I-PERSON
was	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
house	O
facing	O
the	O
fire	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
totally	O
destroyed	O
,	O
because	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
flaming	O
bottle	O
fell	O
on	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
story	O
house	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
apartment	O
on	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
apartments	O
on	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
,	O
and	O
caused	O
a	O
fire	O
that	O
destroyed	O
all	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
the	O
house	O
.	O


She	O
became	O
homeless	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
charges	O
hit	O
the	O
village	O
water	O
tank	O
,	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
tank	O
's	O
height	O
.	O


The	O
village	O
residents	O
also	O
confirmed	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
executive	O
agencies	O
moved	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
residents	O
called	O
the	B-ORG
Aga	I-ORG
City	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
.	O


No	O
one	O
moved	O
.	O


They	O
stayed	O
asleep	O
until	O
the	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
,	O
4	B-TIME
or	I-TIME
5	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
after	O
the	O
explosions	O
,	O
fires	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
disaster	O
ended	O
.	O


Click	O
on	O
the	O
link	O
below	O
.	O


Unique	B-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
his	I-PERSON
type	I-PERSON
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
power	O
but	O
with	O
God	O
the	O
Greatest	O
.	O


May	O
God	O
have	O
mercy	O
on	O
those	O
who	O
died	O
.	O


We	O
ask	O
God	O
the	O
Glorious	O
for	O
a	O
quick	O
recovery	O
for	O
the	O
injured	O
.	O


Accept	O
my	O
regards	O
,	O
brother	O
Hani	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Ghazal	I-PERSON
.	O


Patriot	B-PERSON


You	O
scared	O
me	O
,	O
man	O
.	O


I	O
expected	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
country	O
we	O
love	O
,	O
me	O
and	O
you	O
.	O


The	O
message	O
arrived	O
.	O


Thank	O
yooooooooooou	O
.	O


Hani	B-PERSON
Ghazal	I-PERSON


Oh	O
God	O
,	O
Amen	O
.	O


Good	O
morning	O
,	O
brother	O
Farid	B-PERSON


Hani	B-PERSON
Ghazal	I-PERSON
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
share	O
is	O
coming	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
destroy	O
and	O
tear	O
it	O
apart	O
piece	O
by	O
piece	O
.	O


Good	O
morning	O
.	O


A	O
New	O
Scandal	O
:	O
The	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
Hezbollah	B-ORG
..	O
Buying	O
People	O
and	O
Exploiting	O
Their	O
Needs	O
.	O


My	B-PERSON
head	I-PERSON
is	I-PERSON
raised	I-PERSON


Although	O
snakes	O
may	O
be	O
soft	O
to	O
the	O
touch	O
,	O
......	O
when	O
turned	O
over	O
they	O
have	O
harmful	O
fangs	O
.	O


Some	O
were	O
astonished	O
by	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
staging	O
strikes	O
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
and	O
who	O
oppose	O
the	O
legitimate	O
government	O
of	O
al	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Siniora	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
who	O
considered	O
this	O
as	O
mobilization	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
and	O
its	O
supporters	O
and	O
a	O
confirmation	O
of	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
this	O
organization	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
truth	O
is	O
completely	O
different	O
from	O
that	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
strikers	O
are	O
jobless	O
and	O
they	O
have	O
found	O
in	O
these	O
strikes	O
something	O
that	O
provides	O
them	O
with	O
money	O
,	O
shelter	O
,	O
and	O
food	O
.	O
Especially	O
after	O
it	O
became	O
clear	O
that	O
these	O
strikers	O
are	O
paid	O
money	O
by	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
.	O


Each	O
striker	O
is	O
paid	O
$	O
20	B-MONEY
a	O
day	O
.	O


Imagine	O
a	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
family	O
on	O
strike	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
five	B-CARDINAL
members	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
will	O
get	O
$	O
100	B-MONEY
a	O
day	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
large	O
sum	O
for	O
them	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
get	O
under	O
any	O
circumstances	O
,	O
except	O
through	O
this	O
strike	O
which	O
they	O
wish	O
would	O
last	O
forever	O
.	O


Hezbollah	B-ORG
buys	O
these	O
people	O
and	O
exploits	O
their	O
needs	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
goal	O
and	O
political	O
aims	O
..	O


It	O
is	O
noticed	O
that	O
the	O
officials	O
in	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
prevent	O
any	O
stranger	O
from	O
entering	O
the	O
places	O
of	O
the	O
strikes	O
or	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
in	O
touch	O
or	O
talk	O
with	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
strikers	O
for	O
fear	O
of	O
revealing	O
these	O
secrets	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
senator	I-PERSON
..	O


Nothing	O
new	O
my	O
brother	O
as	O
implied	O
by	O
the	O
title	O
of	O
the	O
subject	O
,	O
because	O
Hezbo	B-ORG
Allat	I-ORG
trades	O
at	O
the	O
expense	O
of	O
the	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
.	O


And	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
thing	O
on	O
its	O
agenda	O
is	O
to	O
take	O
over	O
the	O
reins	O
of	O
power	O
to	O
continue	O
the	O
march	O
of	O
its	O
service	O
to	O
Iran	B-GPE
.	O


I	B-PERSON
am	I-PERSON
Muslim	I-PERSON


Hahahahahahaahahhahahahahahhahahahahahahahahhahahah	O
.	O
hahahahahahahahaha	O


And	O
you	O
--	O
how	O
did	O
you	O
find	O
out	O
the	O
secret	O
,	O
you	O
dangerous	O
person	O
?	O
Zzzzz	O


And	O
not	O
the	O
Mossad	B-ORG
,	O
sheikh	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
senator	I-PERSON
..	O


The	O
habit	O
of	O
Shiites	B-NORP
is	O
lying	O
and	O
trickery	O
,	O
and	O
deceit	O
.	O


My	B-PERSON
head	I-PERSON
is	I-PERSON
raised	I-PERSON


My	O
brother	O
the	B-PERSON
senator	I-PERSON
.	O
Yes	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
truth	O
.	O


Hezbollah	B-ORG
is	O
trading	O
in	O
the	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
people	O
to	O
serve	O
its	O
aims	O
and	O
the	O
aims	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
stand	O
behind	O
it	O
..	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
party	O
today	O
are	O
with	O
Iran	B-GPE
and	O
Syria	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
here	O
it	O
is	O
serving	O
them	O
with	O
all	O
its	O
strength	O
...	O


Accept	O
my	O
respect	O
.	O


My	B-PERSON
head	I-PERSON
is	I-PERSON
raised	I-PERSON


My	O
brother	O
.	O
The	O
facts	O
are	O
clear	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
need	O
further	O
explanations	O
.	O


Last	O
week	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
-LRB-	O
Beirut	B-GPE
-RRB-	O
on	O
a	O
special	O
visit	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
relationships	O
with	O
many	O
Lebanese	B-NORP
-LRB-	O
Sunnis	B-NORP
and	O
Shiites	B-NORP
-RRB-	O
and	O
I	O
saw	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
of	O
reality	O
.	O


The	O
thing	O
is	O
no	O
secret	O
,	O
and	O
any	O
visitor	O
who	O
is	O
eager	O
to	O
know	O
these	O
facts	O
can	O
reach	O
them	O
.	O


I'll	O
mention	O
to	O
you	O
a	O
report	O
written	O
by	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
writer	O
who	O
speaks	O
about	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
issues	O
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
attempt	O
of	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
to	O
obscure	O
the	O
facts	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
strikes	O
and	O
prevent	O
their	O
disclosure	O
.	O


My	O
regards	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


Kissinger	B-PERSON


How	O
cheap	O
by	O
God	O
!	O


Intellectual	B-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
top	I-PERSON


Brother	O
,	O
my	B-PERSON
head	I-PERSON
is	I-PERSON
raised	I-PERSON
.	O


Peace	O
to	O
you	O
and	O
God	O
's	O
mercy	O
and	O
blessings	O
.	O


Yes	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
heard	O
such	O
talk	O
more	O
than	O
once	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
sums	O
of	O
money	O
they	O
are	O
being	O
provided	O
with	O
clothes	O
.	O


They	O
try	O
to	O
recruit	O
them	O
from	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
south	B-LOC
known	O
for	O
extreme	O
poverty	O
.	O


All	O
these	O
expenses	O
are	O
paid	O
by	O
the	O
Iranian	B-NORP
government	O
which	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
whether	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
or	O
Syria	B-GPE
or	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
scandal	O
for	O
this	O
party	O
which	O
is	O
exploiting	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
to	O
implement	O
its	O
plans	O
.	O


And	O
peace	O
to	O
you	O
.	O


The	B-PERSON
Imagination99	I-PERSON


Confirming	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
brother	O
,	O
my	B-PERSON
head	I-PERSON
is	I-PERSON
raised	I-PERSON
.	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
the	O
news	O
.	O


http://www.al-majalla.com/ListNews.a...=1175&MenuID=8	O


My	B-PERSON
head	I-PERSON
is	I-PERSON
raised	I-PERSON


Yes	O
,	O
how	O
cheap	O
,	O
really	O
,	O
to	O
buy	O
attitudes	O
,	O
allegiances	O
,	O
values	O
with	O
a	B-MONEY
bunch	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
..	O


Honorable	O
people	O
are	O
not	O
bought	O
.	O


Thank	O
you	O
..	O


My	B-PERSON
head	I-PERSON
is	I-PERSON
raised	I-PERSON


Intellectual	B-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
top	I-PERSON
Have	O
a	O
pleasant	O
evening	O
.	O


The	O
strange	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
find	O
people	O
who	O
try	O
to	O
deny	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
things	O
such	O
as	O
these	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
he	O
knows	O
the	O
truth	O
but	O
because	O
of	O
doctrinal	O
positions	O
or	O
financial	O
gains	O
or	O
certain	O
political	O
inclinations	O
you	O
find	O
him	O
closing	O
his	O
mind	O
,	O
throwing	O
these	O
facts	O
behind	O
his	O
back	O
,	O
and	O
enjoying	O
the	O
attempt	O
to	O
promote	O
and	O
polish	O
falsehood	O
.	O


My	O
regards	O
.	O


Faisal	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Qassem	I-PERSON
,	O
Al	B-ORG
Jazeera	I-ORG
Channel	I-ORG
presenter	O
:	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
think	O
Iran	B-GPE
was	O
that	O
impetuous	O
?@@@...	O


Shanar	B-PERSON
Bin	I-PERSON
Amer	I-PERSON


I	O
did	O
not	O
think	O
Iran	B-GPE
was	O
that	O
impetuous	O
?	O


Dr.	O
Faisal	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Qassem	I-PERSON
How	O
foolish	O
we	O
were	O
in	O
our	O
look	O
to	O
Iran	B-GPE
.	O


Iranian	B-NORP
politicians	O
were	O
to	O
many	O
of	O
us	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
rationality	O
,	O
wisdom	O
,	O
wit	O
,	O
discipline	O
,	O
calmness	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
above	O
all	O
,	O
premeditation	O
,	O
deliberation	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
hastiness	O
into	O
impetuous	O
action	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
deliberated	O
,	O
especially	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
the	O
inventers	O
of	O
chess	O
,	O
the	O
game	O
of	O
the	O
smart	O
,	O
the	O
witty	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
strategic	O
planners	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
been	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
Persian	B-NORP
mentality	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
innately	O
patient	O
,	O
as	O
is	O
obvious	O
with	O
the	O
makers	O
of	O
the	O
famous	O
Persian	B-NORP
carpets	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
very	O
patient	O
and	O
enduring	O
.	O


They	O
wait	O
years	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
do	O
not	O
get	O
bored	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
may	O
weave	O
,	O
with	O
thread	O
and	O
needle	O
,	O
a	O
wonderful	O
Persian	B-NORP
carpet	O
,	O
full	O
of	O
adornments	O
,	O
accurate	O
details	O
,	O
and	O
charming	O
lovely	O
figures	O
,	O
while	O
Arabs	B-NORP
tend	O
to	O
get	O
bored	O
fast	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
where	O
those	O
historic	O
characteristics	O
of	O
chess	O
suddenly	O
evaporated	O
in	O
Iranian	B-NORP
policy	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
governing	O
organization	O
in	O
Tehran	B-GPE
blessed	O
the	O
deed	O
of	O
its	O
agents	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
to	O
execute	O
the	O
deceased	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
President	O
,	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
,	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
holy	I-DATE
Eid	I-DATE
Al	I-DATE
Adha	I-DATE
,	O
mutilating	O
his	O
body	O
,	O
swearing	O
and	O
calling	O
him	O
names	O
with	O
profanity	O
while	O
he	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
gallows	O
rope	O
,	O
when	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
himself	O
had	O
ordered	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
media	O
after	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
Khomeini	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
phrase	O
"	O
May	O
god	O
have	O
mercy	O
on	O
him	O
.	O
"	O


Admirers	O
of	O
Iranian	B-NORP
wisdom	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
this	O
fatal	O
lapse	O
of	O
Iranian	B-NORP
politicians	O
and	O
their	O
followers	O
.	O


Some	O
might	O
forgive	O
Iran	B-GPE
for	O
its	O
yearning	O
to	O
see	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
hanged	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
retaliation	O
and	O
revenge	O
,	O
especially	O
as	O
it	O
had	O
fought	O
him	O
for	O
eight	B-DATE
long	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
which	O
it	O
suffered	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
souls	O
and	O
extreme	O
losses	O
.	O


But	O
no	O
doubt	O
,	O
since	O
it	O
is	O
strengthening	O
its	O
grip	O
on	O
Al	B-PERSON
Hakeem	I-PERSON
,	O
Al	B-PERSON
Maliki	I-PERSON
,	O
Al	B-PERSON
Sadr	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Al	B-PERSON
Jaafari	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
are	O
holding	O
the	O
neck	O
of	O
an	O
injured	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
could	O
have	O
picked	O
another	O
more	O
wise	O
and	O
less	O
damaging	O
time	O
,	O
for	O
itself	O
and	O
for	O
Muslims	B-NORP
in	O
general	O
,	O
to	O
retaliate	O
against	O
its	O
old	O
rival	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
committing	O
a	O
terrible	O
deed	O
that	O
Arabs	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
even	O
all	O
Sunnis	B-NORP
,	O
would	O
not	O
forgive	O
it	O
for	O
tens	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
hanging	O
him	O
on	O
what	O
is	O
a	O
holy	O
day	O
for	O
the	O
utmost	O
majority	O
of	O
Muslims	B-NORP
.	O


I	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
how	O
Iran	B-GPE
fell	O
in	O
that	O
dangerous	O
trap	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
an	O
evil	O
American	B-NORP
one	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
Iranians	B-NORP
that	O
they	O
are	O
smarter	O
than	O
to	O
fall	O
into	O
American	B-NORP
traps	O
,	O
no	O
matter	O
how	O
cleverly	O
and	O
wittingly	O
they	O
are	O
set	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
fell	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
a	O
terrible	O
fall	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
place	O
of	O
the	O
wise	O
ones	O
of	O
Iran	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
would	O
hang	O
the	O
Iranian	B-NORP
politicians	O
who	O
blessed	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
President	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
on	O
the	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
holy	I-DATE
Eid	I-DATE
Al	I-DATE
Adha	I-DATE
.	O


And	O
I	O
hope	O
no	O
one	O
is	O
overnice	O
and	O
says	O
the	O
execution	O
was	O
totally	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
internal	O
affair	O
,	O
because	O
this	O
blatant	O
joke	O
can	O
not	O
even	O
be	O
passed	O
on	O
school	O
students	O
or	O
the	O
mentally	O
retarded	O
.	O


We	O
all	O
know	O
that	O
Iran	B-GPE
can	O
just	O
hint	O
to	O
Abd	B-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Aziz	I-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Hakim	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
wanted	O
to	O
compensate	O
it	O
with	O
a	B-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
from	O
the	O
aliment	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
people	O
for	O
its	O
war	O
with	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
or	O
to	O
the	O
fascist	O
militia	O
leaders	O
like	O
the	O
Sadr	B-PERSON
militia	O
,	O
which	O
implemented	O
the	O
execution	O
judgment	O
with	O
the	O
recognition	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
government	O
,	O
to	O
postpone	O
the	O
hanging	O
,	O
especially	O
as	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
had	O
confirmed	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
against	O
the	O
execution	O
on	O
the	O
holy	O
day	O
.	O


We	O
did	O
not	O
hear	O
an	O
Iranian	B-NORP
denial	O
of	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
announcements	O
about	O
the	O
execution	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
ambassador	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
liar	O
and	O
wants	O
to	O
create	O
division	O
between	O
the	O
Shiites	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Sunnis	B-NORP
that	O
would	O
have	O
terrible	O
repercussions	O
,	O
the	O
Iranians	B-NORP
could	O
have	O
prevented	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
judgment	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
Eid	I-DATE
Al	I-DATE
Adha	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
dangerous	O
repercussions	O
for	O
which	O
they	O
will	O
pay	O
the	O
price	O
for	O
tens	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
pull	O
the	O
carpet	O
from	O
beneath	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
regimes	O
which	O
they	O
now	O
accuse	O
of	O
provocation	O
against	O
the	O
Shiites	B-NORP
.	O


How	O
strange	O
the	O
situation	O
of	O
the	O
Iranians	B-NORP
really	O
is	O
.	O


On	O
one	B-CARDINAL
hand	O
,	O
they	O
barbarically	O
offend	O
the	O
feelings	O
of	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
eighty	I-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
five	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
Muslims	B-NORP
,	O
the	O
Sunnis	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
they	O
accuse	O
some	O
Islamic	B-NORP
countries	O
of	O
sectarian	O
provocation	O
against	O
Iran	B-GPE
,	O
as	O
the	O
Iranians	B-NORP
and	O
their	O
allies	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
complain	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
obvious	O
attempts	O
to	O
wedge	O
and	O
create	O
division	O
between	O
the	O
Shiites	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Sunnis	B-NORP
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
America	B-GPE
,	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
some	O
Arabs	B-NORP
.	O


This	O
might	O
be	O
totally	O
true	O
,	O


but	O
if	O
Iran	B-GPE
does	O
not	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
inflame	O
grudges	O
between	O
the	O
Shiites	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Sunnis	B-NORP
and	O
seeks	O
to	O
unite	O
the	O
Islamic	B-NORP
front	O
and	O
prevent	O
its	O
penetration	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Zionists	B-NORP
and	O
Americans	B-NORP
,	O
as	O
it	O
claims	O
,	O
why	O
did	O
it	O
give	O
the	O
green	O
light	O
to	O
its	O
agents	O
and	O
militias	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
to	O
execute	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
on	O
Eid	B-DATE
Al	I-DATE
Adha	I-DATE
and	O
provide	O
justifications	O
on	O
a	O
golden	O
plate	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
break	O
down	O
Muslims	B-NORP
on	O
a	O
sectarian	O
basis	O
?	O


The	O
story	O
of	O
Iran	B-GPE
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
beat	O
me	O
and	O
cried	O
,	O
and	O
preceded	O
me	O
and	O
complained	O
.	O


Do	O
the	O
Iranians	B-NORP
have	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
complain	O
about	O
Sunni	B-NORP
provocation	O
against	O
them	O
,	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
started	O
it	O
?	O


Is	O
n't	O
the	O
one	O
who	O
starts	O
it	O
more	O
unjust	O
?	O


Has	O
n't	O
the	O
provocation	O
against	O
Iran	B-GPE
become	O
justified	O
after	O
the	O
shameful	O
Adha	B-DATE
deed	O
?	O


Saddam	B-PERSON
might	O
be	O
to	O
the	O
Iranians	B-NORP
the	O
devil	O
himself	O
,	O
but	O
do	O
they	O
know	O
that	O
they	O
turned	O
him	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
eyes	O
of	O
Arabs	B-NORP
and	O
Sunnis	B-NORP
,	O
into	O
a	O
virtuous	O
saint	O
?	O


Even	O
some	O
Kuwaitis	B-NORP
forgave	O
him	O
and	O
had	O
sympathy	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


Everyone	O
forgave	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
for	O
all	O
his	O
faults	O
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
Iranian	B-NORP
"	O
wisdom	O
.	O
"	O


If	O
the	O
betrayed	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
President	O
knew	O
how	O
he	O
had	O
become	O
in	O
the	O
eyes	O
of	O
the	O
Islamic	B-NORP
world	O
after	O
his	O
execution	O
,	O
he	O
might	O
have	O
weighed	O
for	O
the	O
Iranians	B-NORP
and	O
their	O
agents	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
tons	O
of	O
praise	O
and	O
commendation	O
for	O
the	O
great	O
favor	O
they	O
did	O
for	O
him	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
he	O
had	O
never	O
dreamed	O
.	O


It	O
reached	O
the	O
level	O
that	O
even	O
his	O
old	O
objectors	O
compared	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
to	O
the	O
assassination	O
of	O
our	O
master	O
,	O
Omar	B-PERSON
Ibn	I-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Khattab	I-PERSON
,	O
at	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
Abi	B-PERSON
Luluah	I-PERSON
Al	I-PERSON
Majusi	I-PERSON
.	O


No	O
,	O
many	O
even	O
declared	O
that	O
his	O
grave	O
will	O
become	O
a	O
holy	O
shrine	O
.	O


If	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
was	O
left	O
for	O
ten	B-DATE
more	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
man	O
might	O
have	O
died	O
naturally	O
without	O
any	O
ado	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
that	O
Iran	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
agents	O
have	O
executed	O
him	O
in	O
this	O
horrible	O
way	O
,	O
he	O
has	O
entered	O
history	O
by	O
its	O
widest	O
doors	O
,	O
after	O
he	O
had	O
exited	O
history	O
years	B-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
was	O
thanks	O
to	O
the	O
"	O
terrible	O
"	O
Persian	B-NORP
"	O
wisdom	O
.	O
"	O


Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
was	O
one	O
with	O
the	O
utmost	O
hatred	O
and	O
enmity	O
to	O
the	O
Persians	B-NORP
.	O


Maybe	O
he	O
used	O
to	O
pray	O
a	O
lot	O
against	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
God	O
accepted	O
his	O
prayers	O
and	O
inspired	O
them	O
to	O
conspire	O
in	O
his	O
execution	O
on	O
the	O
Muslims	B-NORP
'	O
big	O
feast	O
so	O
Eid	B-EVENT
Al	I-EVENT
Adha	I-EVENT
would	O
remain	O
connected	O
to	O
his	O
name	O
for	O
decades	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
decades	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
how	O
the	O
Iranians	B-NORP
measured	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
why	O
they	O
sacrificed	O
their	O
tremendous	O
popularity	O
in	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
street	O
in	O
return	O
for	O
satisfying	O
a	O
cheap	O
and	O
impetuous	O
desire	O
for	O
revenge	O
.	O


A	O
few	O
months	B-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Iran	B-GPE
was	O
a	O
symbol	O
of	O
resistance	O
,	O
jihad	O
,	O
dignity	O
,	O
and	O
challenge	O
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
its	O
support	O
of	O
Arab	B-NORP
resistance	O
movements	O
like	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
in	O
Lebanon	B-GPE
and	O
Hamas	B-ORG
in	O
Palestine	B-GPE
,	O
while	O
the	O
popularity	O
of	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
regimes	O
was	O
hitting	O
rock	O
bottom	O
.	O


The	O
Iranians	B-NORP
had	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
be	O
proud	O
of	O
the	O
glorious	O
victory	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
achieved	O
over	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


But	O
now	O
,	O
this	O
victory	O
has	O
totally	O
evaporated	O
in	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
street	O
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
the	O
stupidity	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
ordered	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
dance	O
over	O
his	O
body	O
.	O


No	O
,	O
the	O
public	O
support	O
for	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
has	O
even	O
turned	O
into	O
a	O
tremendous	O
indignation	O
from	O
Iran	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
allies	O
in	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
region	O
.	O


I	O
heard	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
connecting	O
the	O
Persian	B-NORP
enemy	O
and	O
the	O
Zionist	B-NORP
enemy	O
,	O
while	O
Iran	B-GPE
,	O
until	O
months	O
ago	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
striker	O
in	O
confronting	O
the	O
Zionist	B-NORP
and	O
American	B-NORP
project	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
.	O


Iran	B-GPE
caused	O
great	O
embarrassment	O
for	O
everyone	O
who	O
has	O
supported	O
its	O
positions	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
heard	O
from	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
used	O
to	O
defend	O
Iran	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
street	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
have	O
totally	O
turned	O
against	O
it	O
and	O
started	O
to	O
call	O
it	O
"	O
dirty	O
Persian	B-NORP
"	O
with	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
loathing	O
and	O
hatred	O
.	O


In	O
recent	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
's	O
performance	O
in	O
the	O
war	O
with	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
Iranian	B-NORP
President	O
Ahmadinejad	B-PERSON
's	O
announcements	O
,	O
speeches	O
,	O
challenge	O
of	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
administration	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
insistence	O
on	O
finishing	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
enriching	O
uranium	O
,	O
used	O
to	O
resurrect	O
pride	O
and	O
dignity	O
in	O
the	O
souls	O
of	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Arabs	B-NORP
and	O
Muslims	B-NORP
.	O


But	O
the	O
scene	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
's	O
execution	O
turned	O
the	O
tables	O
upside	O
down	O
on	O
Iran	B-GPE
for	O
a	O
time	O
that	O
might	O
last	O
for	O
long	O
;	O
let	O
alone	O
the	O
horrible	O
offense	O
to	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
lost	O
a	O
big	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
street	O
.	O


The	O
proof	O
is	O
that	O
its	O
biggest	O
supporters	O
in	O
Jordan	B-GPE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
boycotted	O
the	B-ORG
Manar	I-ORG
Channel	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
used	O
to	O
have	O
great	O
popularity	O
in	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
street	O
.	O


The	O
Iranians	B-NORP
,	O
with	O
their	O
spirit	O
of	O
revenge	O
,	O
have	O
destroyed	O
the	O
most	O
famous	O
Arab	B-NORP
resistance	O
movement	O
,	O
after	O
it	O
was	O
filling	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
occupying	O
the	O
minds	O
of	O
humans	O
.	O


They	O
even	O
turned	O
the	O
people	O
against	O
it	O
.	O


No	O
matter	O
how	O
the	O
answers	O
vary	O
,	O
as	O
Mohamed	B-PERSON
Abu	I-PERSON
Roman	I-PERSON
debates	O
,	O
what	O
is	O
obvious	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
execution	O
would	O
cost	O
Iran	B-GPE
a	O
lot	O
in	O
the	O
next	O
stage	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
make	O
its	O
credibility	O
very	O
weak	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
also	O
harm	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
its	O
ally	O
powers	O
in	O
various	O
countries	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
"	O
Persian	B-NORP
-	O
national	O
"	O
spirit	O
that	O
tinctures	O
Iran	B-GPE
's	O
foreign	O
policy	O
and	O
its	O
various	O
positions	O
,	O
far	O
from	O
the	O
claims	O
of	O
enmity	O
to	O
America	B-GPE
and	O
Israel	B-GPE
,	O
are	O
only	O
used	O
to	O
serve	O
Iran	B-GPE
's	O
interests	O
.	O


Beyond	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
executing	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
repercussions	O
it	O
created	O
cause	O
a	O
large	O
embarrassment	O
for	O
Iran	B-GPE
's	O
allies	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
like	O
Hamas	B-ORG
,	O
Al	B-ORG
Jihad	I-ORG
,	O
Syria	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
many	O
Islamic	B-NORP
factions	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
political	O
and	O
public	O
powers	O
-	O
in	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
countries	O
-	O
which	O
stood	O
with	O
Hezbollah	B-ORG
and	O
were	O
calling	O
for	O
their	O
governments	O
to	O
"	O
change	O
"	O
their	O
alliances	O
to	O
stand	O
with	O
Iran	B-GPE
instead	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


These	O
powers	O
face	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
strong	O
embarrassment	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
embarrassment	O
of	O
the	O
Arab	B-NORP
regimes	O
friendly	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
from	O
its	O
policies	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
wanted	O
to	O
quench	O
their	O
thirst	O
for	O
revenge	O
by	O
hanging	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
on	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
Adha	I-DATE
holy	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
are	O
like	O
the	O
libidinous	O
fool	O
who	O
satisfied	O
his	O
cheap	O
lust	O
without	O
knowing	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
caught	O
a	O
dangerous	O
disease	O
afterward	O
.	O


What	O
did	O
they	O
win	O
?	O


The	O
most	O
dangerous	O
agreement	O
that	O
disinherits	O
Iraq	B-GPE
from	O
its	O
oil	O
resources	O
is	O
being	O
signed	O
whilst	O
the	O
world	O
is	O
occupied	O
with	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
the	O
presi-	O


The	B-PERSON
Killer	I-PERSON
of	I-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
Killed	I-PERSON


The	O
most	O
dangerous	O
agreement	O
that	O
disinherits	O
Iraq	B-GPE
from	O
its	O
oil	O
resources	O
is	O
being	O
signed	O
whilst	O
the	O
world	O
is	O
preoccupied	O
with	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
president	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
timing	O
of	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
administration	O
's	O
decision	O
to	O
deliver	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
to	O
the	O
gallows	O
to	O
coincide	O
with	O
the	O
announcement	O
by	O
the	O
deputy	O
prime	O
minister	O
Barham	B-PERSON
Salih	I-PERSON
of	O
the	O
endorsement	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
draft	O
bill	O
on	O
oil	O
resources	O
aroused	O
interest	O
.	O


The	O
announcement	O
raised	O
fears	O
that	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
death	O
sentence	O
might	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
cover	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
oil	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
.	O


The	O
draft	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
was	O
formulated	O
in	O
complete	O
secrecy	O
,	O
away	O
from	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
public	O
opinion	O
.	O


The	O
draft	O
has	O
been	O
in	O
the	O
possession	O
of	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
government	O
for	O
some	O
months	O
according	O
to	O
what	O
the	O
US	B-NORP
Secretary	O
of	O
the	O
Treasury	O
said	O
during	O
his	O
visit	O
to	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
last	B-DATE
autumn	I-DATE
.	O


Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
Baker	B-PERSON
-	O
Hamilton	B-PERSON
report	O
about	O
US	B-NORP
policy	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
stressed	O
that	O
on	O
pressuring	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
new	O
bill	O
issued	O
.	O


It	O
seems	O
that	O
the	O
endorsement	O
by	O
the	O
US	B-NORP
government	O
of	O
the	O
draft	O
bill	O
on	O
the	O
exploitation	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
national	O
oil	O
resources	O
is	O
much	O
more	O
important	O
to	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
government	O
than	O
showing	O
the	O
draft	O
to	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
people	O
and	O
having	O
it	O
debated	O
by	O
their	O
independent	O
organizations	O
,	O
its	O
intellectuals	O
,	O
its	O
professionals	O
and	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
concerned	O
with	O
consultations	O
behind	O
the	O
scenes	O
with	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Monetary	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
World	I-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
and	O
with	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
advisers	O
more	O
than	O
it	O
is	O
interested	O
in	O
bringing	O
about	O
the	O
right	O
climate	O
inside	O
Iraq	B-GPE
for	O
exhaustive	O
discussions	O
ending	O
with	O
a	O
calm	O
decision	O
in	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O


If	O
this	O
climate	O
was	O
impossible	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
Occupation	B-EVENT
and	O
the	O
savage	O
terrorism	O
circumstances	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
sovereignty	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
wiser	O
to	O
postpone	O
the	O
issuing	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
bill	O
incompatible	O
with	O
the	O
precepts	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
oil	O
policy	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
in	O
existence	O
for	O
half	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
until	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
conditions	O
are	O
suitable	O
for	O
a	O
serious	O
debate	O
and	O
for	O
a	O
wide	O
-	O
scale	O
public	O
participation	O
in	O
the	O
formulation	O
of	O
any	O
serious	O
decision	O
to	O
be	O
taken	O
in	O
this	O
sphere	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
seems	O
subject	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
'	I-GPE
dictates	O
that	O
have	O
expressed	O
in	O
various	O
ways	O
its	O
insistence	O
on	O
handing	O
over	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
oil	O
resources	O
to	O
foreign	O
companies	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
main	O
aims	O
of	O
the	O
Occupation	B-EVENT
.	O


The	O
government	O
of	O
the	O
previous	O
prime	O
minister	O
,	O
Ibrahim	B-PERSON
al	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
Jaafari	I-PERSON
,	O
made	O
an	O
undertaking	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Monetary	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
to	O
issue	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
law	O
governing	O
the	O
exploitation	O
of	O
oil	O
resources	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
2006	I-DATE
,	O
in	O
preparing	O
for	O
soliciting	O
foreign	O
corporate	O
investment	O
in	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
oil	O
industry	O
with	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
contracts	O
.	O


Exploration	O
and	O
Joint	O
Production	O
contracts	O
adopted	O
by	O
the	O
new	O
draft	O
bill	O
grant	O
companies	O
immunity	O
from	O
other	O
national	O
laws	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
that	O
the	O
law	O
drafting	O
peddled	O
by	O
the	O
international	O
"	O
houses	O
of	O
expertise	O
"	O
and	O
organizations	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
World	B-ORG
Bank	I-ORG
market	O
are	O
usually	O
loosely	O
worded	O
and	O
weak	O
,	O
relegating	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
relationship	O
to	O
the	O
sphere	O
of	O
drawing	O
up	O
contracts	O
between	O
foreign	O
companies	O
on	O
one	B-CARDINAL
hand	O
and	O
the	O
government	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
as	O
equal	O
sides	O
.	O


This	O
takes	O
us	O
back	O
to	O
something	O
like	O
the	O
framework	O
of	O
concessions	O
which	O
were	O
abolished	O
in	O
different	O
oil	O
-	O
producing	O
countries	O
by	O
the	O
nationalizations	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
seventies	I-DATE
with	O
some	O
important	O
exceptions	O
that	O
relied	O
on	O
the	O
then	O
government	O
's	O
negotiating	O
ability	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
arouses	O
worry	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Occupation	B-EVENT
and	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
general	O
collapse	O
,	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
corruption	O
and	O
narrow	O
interests	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
torn	O
national	O
unity	O
.	O


The	O
issuing	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
oil	O
bill	O
at	O
the	O
present	O
time	O
represents	O
an	O
introduction	O
to	O
the	O
privatization	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
oil	O
resources	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
conditions	O
drawn	O
up	O
by	O
the	O
Occupation	B-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
Monetary	I-ORG
Fund	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
interest	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
to	O
submit	O
to	O
these	O
conditions	O
under	O
threat	O
and	O
intimation	O
of	O
demands	O
for	O
the	O
former	O
regime	O
's	O
debts	O
.	O


The	O
Occupation	B-EVENT
has	O
brought	O
Iraq	B-GPE
nothing	O
but	O
destruction	O
and	O
corruption	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
impossible	O
to	O
confront	O
except	O
by	O
the	O
strengthening	O
the	O
internal	O
front	O
and	O
the	O
position	O
defending	O
the	O
nation	O
's	O
rights	O
.	O


Much	O
journalistic	O
noise	O
was	O
raised	O
abroad	O
about	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
the	O
oil	O
and	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
its	O
revenues	O
to	O
the	O
different	O
areas	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
cause	O
for	O
caution	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
subject	O
is	O
dealt	O
with	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
sectarian	O
or	O
ethnic	O
ownership	O
of	O
the	O
oil	O
revenues	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
public	O
participation	O
in	O
the	O
oil	O
revenues	O
is	O
a	O
matter	O
almost	O
decided	O
in	O
the	O
constitution	O
despite	O
the	O
deliberately	O
obscure	O
wording	O
of	O
its	O
paragraphs	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
clear	O
that	O
the	O
agreement	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
regime	O
forces	O
occurred	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
general	O
participation	O
in	O
the	O
oil	O
resources	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
the	O
population	O
in	O
the	O
regions	O
.	O


Even	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Kurdish	B-NORP
national	O
parties	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
greater	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
resources	O
is	O
situated	O
in	O
the	O
South	B-LOC
and	O
that	O
their	O
guarantee	O
of	O
obtaining	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
revenue	O
will	O
only	O
happen	O
through	O
the	O
sharing	O
of	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
resources	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
.	O


As	O
such	O
,	O
the	O
exclusion	O
of	O
an	O
area	O
or	O
another	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
main	O
question	O
.	O


The	O
fact	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
oil	O
revenues	O
are	O
still	O
passing	O
through	O
"	O
The	O
Iraq	B-GPE
Development	O
Fund	O
"	O
under	O
the	O
supervision	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
Security	B-ORG
Council	I-ORG
resolutions	O
and	O
,	O
consequently	O
,	O
any	O
agreement	O
between	O
the	O
central	O
government	O
and	O
the	O
regions	O
about	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
oil	O
revenues	O
will	O
be	O
subject	O
to	O
the	O
guarantee	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
hegemony	O
.	O


The	O
subject	O
of	O
oil	O
from	O
a	O
sectarian	O
or	O
regional	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
was	O
not	O
presented	O
except	O
as	O
a	O
cover	O
for	O
the	O
important	O
main	O
questions	O
about	O
the	O
oil	O
policy	O
,	O
these	O
being	O
Firstly	B-ORDINAL
:	O
the	O
abrogation	O
of	O
Act	B-LAW
80	I-LAW
-LRB-	O
1961	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
and	O
its	O
cancellation	O
,	O
by	O
successively	O
handing	O
over	O
unexploited	O
oilfields	O
and	O
areas	O
to	O
foreign	O
companies	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
participation	O
in	O
production	O
contracts	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
developing	O
them	O
nationally	O
by	O
supporting	O
the	O
national	O
oil	O
companies	O
and	O
making	O
use	O
of	O
foreign	O
expertise	O
through	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
service	O
contracts	O
that	O
would	O
leave	O
the	O
wealth	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
hands	O
.	O
Secondly	B-ORDINAL
:	O
the	O
weakening	O
of	O
the	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
negotiating	O
power	O
by	O
weakening	O
the	O
centralization	O
of	O
contracting	O
for	O
the	O
national	O
resources	O
with	O
foreign	O
companies	O
and	O
the	O
instruments	O
of	O
such	O
contracting	O
;	O
not	O
distinguishing	O
between	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
expand	O
the	O
administrative	O
powers	O
of	O
the	O
companies	O
and	O
institutions	O
on	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
hand	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
centralization	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
national	O
economic	O
decisions	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
illogical	O
for	O
the	O
decision	O
about	O
a	O
specific	O
oilfield	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
centrally	O
and	O
the	O
decision	O
on	O
another	O
oilfield	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
locally	O
,	O
as	O
this	O
mixes	O
jurisdictions	O
and	O
divides	O
power	O
solely	O
at	O
the	O
expense	O
of	O
public	O
interest	O
.	O


The	O
privatization	O
of	O
the	O
oilfields	O
and	O
new	O
oil	O
areas	O
weakens	O
the	O
currently	O
existing	O
national	O
oil	O
industry	O
.	O


The	O
issue	O
is	O
not	O
just	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
provision	O
of	O
financial	O
capabilities	O
for	O
investment	O
in	O
the	O
national	O
sector	O
or	O
lack	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
but	O
extends	O
beyond	O
that	O
to	O
reliance	O
on	O
policies	O
for	O
developing	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
technological	O
and	O
administrative	O
capacities	O
instead	O
of	O
relying	O
on	O
foreign	O
companies	O
.	O


Technology	O
does	O
not	O
develop	O
in	O
isolation	O
from	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
make	O
decisions	O
and	O
in	O
isolation	O
from	O
its	O
relation	O
with	O
society	O
and	O
its	O
institutions	O
.	O


Foreign	O
companies	O
can	O
come	O
and	O
go	O
without	O
any	O
advanced	O
technology	O
establishing	O
itself	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
therefore	O
needed	O
is	O
a	O
national	O
oil	O
industry	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
national	O
private	O
sector	O
offering	O
technical	O
oil	O
services	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
what	O
was	O
not	O
developed	O
during	O
the	O
previous	O
regime	O
and	O
what	O
will	O
hamper	O
it	O
as	O
well	O
is	O
the	O
reliance	O
on	O
foreign	O
companies	O
.	O


Fourthly	B-ORDINAL
:	O
achieving	O
an	O
integrated	O
oil	O
policy	O
in	O
regards	O
to	O
the	O
exploitation	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
gas	O
resources	O
and	O
linking	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
electricity	O
,	O
oil	O
refining	O
,	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
different	O
petrochemical	O
industries	O
,	O
and	O
industries	O
reliant	O
on	O
intensive	O
energy	O
use	O
.	O


On	O
this	O
basis	O
,	O
one	O
must	O
caution	O
against	O
companies	O
that	O
try	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
crude	O
oil	O
without	O
being	O
prepared	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
the	O
associated	O
and	O
complementary	O
industries	O
.	O


Iraq	B-GPE
suffered	O
a	O
lot	O
from	O
this	O
situation	O
before	O
nationalization	O
.	O


Fifthly	B-ORDINAL
:	O
the	O
crude	O
oil	O
production	O
sector	O
is	O
not	O
just	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
production	O
fields	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
of	O
facilities	O
and	O
complex	O
production	O
services	O
and	O
of	O
cargo	O
and	O
transport	O
services	O
that	O
require	O
a	O
wide	O
inter-governorate	O
network	O
in	O
which	O
different	O
production	O
units	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
participate	O
.	O


This	O
requires	O
a	O
national	O
oil	O
policy	O
.	O


Practical	O
experience	O
shows	O
that	O
following	O
the	O
market	O
system	O
in	O
the	O
sphere	O
of	O
public	O
facilities	O
is	O
an	O
extremely	O
difficult	O
administrative	O
matter	O
and	O
failure	O
in	O
it	O
is	O
almost	O
certain	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
better	O
to	O
keep	O
these	O
facilities	O
under	O
public	O
administration	O
in	O
all	O
circumstances	O
,	O
and	O
work	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
administrative	O
capabilities	O
.	O


A	O
unified	O
national	O
policy	O
is	O
an	O
unavoidable	O
necessity	O
,	O
and	O
regressing	O
on	O
it	O
would	O
compromise	O
national	O
interests	O
.	O


Sixthly	B-ORDINAL
:	O
Break	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
oil	O
and	O
national	O
economic	O
development	O
,	O
because	O
bringing	O
up	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
distribution	O
equity	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
dividing	O
oil	O
revenues	O
among	O
the	O
regions	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
population	O
ratios	O
is	O
a	O
concept	O
to	O
a	O
large	O
extent	O
incompatible	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
exploiting	O
oil	O
resources	O
for	O
development	O
.	O


The	O
important	O
thing	O
is	O
to	O
move	O
towards	O
investment	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
will	O
encourage	O
the	O
unemployed	O
production	O
capacities	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
will	O
provide	O
the	O
necessary	O
conditions	O
for	O
an	O
effective	O
,	O
private	O
national	O
activity	O
,	O
not	O
one	O
that	O
relies	O
fully	O
on	O
deals	O
and	O
contracts	O
with	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
whether	O
local	O
or	O
central	O
.	O


This	O
kind	O
of	O
developmental	O
activity	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
based	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
region	O
or	O
governorate	O
;	O
instead	O
it	O
requires	O
coordination	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
a	O
general	O
national	O
program	O
.	O


The	O
important	O
thing	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
equitable	O
distribution	O
of	O
investment	O
but	O
the	O
equitable	O
and	O
fair	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
the	O
investment	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
know	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
financial	O
investments	O
made	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Reconstruction	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
were	O
in	O
the	O
northern	O
region	O
but	O
the	O
most	O
significant	O
impact	O
of	O
its	O
benefits	O
was	O
on	O
other	O
areas	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
also	O
the	O
case	O
with	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
investments	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
seventies	I-DATE
,	O
as	O
the	O
greatest	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
oil	O
and	O
industrial	O
projects	O
,	O
the	O
oil	O
projects	O
and	O
the	O
ports	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
southern	O
region	O
.	O


Nevertheless	O
,	O
the	O
benefits	O
would	O
have	O
encompassed	O
all	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
for	O
the	O
destruction	O
that	O
resulted	O
from	O
the	O
wars	O
started	O
by	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
.	O


The	O
most	O
important	O
thing	O
then	O
is	O
integration	O
and	O
striving	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
minimum	O
level	O
of	O
basic	O
needs	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
food	O
,	O
accommodation	O
,	O
education	O
and	O
health	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
citizens	O
without	O
discrimination	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
unreasonable	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
seek	O
solutions	O
to	O
the	O
electricity	O
problem	O
for	O
each	O
governorate	O
,	O
or	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
local	O
water	O
policies	O
in	O
Mesopotamia	B-GPE
.	O


Seventh	B-ORDINAL
:	O
discussions	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
held	O
about	O
the	O
cash	O
distribution	O
of	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
oil	O
revenue	O
,	O


and	O
this	O
too	O
will	O
not	O
lead	O
to	O
equity	O
,	O
nor	O
to	O
development	O
and	O
attaining	O
public	O
interest	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
well	O
known	O
that	O
the	O
notion	O
of	O
the	O
individual	O
cash	O
share	O
from	O
oil	O
revenues	O
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
provisions	O
ration	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
a	O
supplement	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
this	O
change	O
on	O
inflation	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
extent	O
the	O
minimum	O
level	O
of	O
basic	O
needs	O
would	O
be	O
provided	O
for	O
the	O
poor	O
sectors	O
will	O
be	O
negative	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
have	O
inherently	O
harmful	O
economic	O
effects	O
in	O
the	O
present	O
period	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
conditions	O
for	O
productive	O
economic	O
activity	O
.	O


Also	O
making	O
this	O
change	O
could	O
provide	O
an	O
additional	O
opportunity	O
for	O
corruption	O
in	O
implementation	O
.	O


The	O
idea	O
is	O
drawn	O
from	O
the	O
experience	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
State	O
of	O
Alaska	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
it	O
means	O
moving	O
away	O
from	O
public	O
investments	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
vital	O
sectors	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
providing	O
electricity	O
,	O
water	O
,	O
health	O
services	O
and	O
public	O
education	O
at	O
affordable	O
conditions	O
and	O
prices	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
oil	O
policy	O
will	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
national	O
state	O
reconstruction	O
and	O
its	O
rise	O
from	O
the	O
present	O
destruction	O
.	O


The	O
invitation	O
is	O
going	O
out	O
to	O
all	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
patriots	O
of	O
various	O
political	O
and	O
social	O
hues	O
who	O
believe	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
political	O
process	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
outside	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
local	O
and	O
civil	O
community	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
to	O
reject	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
oil	O
bill	O
being	O
issued	O
at	O
the	O
present	O
time	O
and	O
for	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
postponed	O
for	O
at	B-DATE
least	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
full	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
to	O
start	O
the	O
debate	O
about	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
the	O
oil	O
policy	O
that	O
stresses	O
peace	O
and	O
the	O
ending	O
of	O
the	O
occupation	O
as	O
the	O
basic	O
requirements	O
for	O
a	O
national	O
oil	O
policy	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
bringing	O
up	O
hopes	O
of	O
speedy	O
prosperity	O
by	O
accelerating	O
production	O
using	O
foreign	O
companies	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
mirage	O
as	O
the	O
companies	O
will	O
not	O
come	O
except	O
under	O
favorably	O
secure	O
conditions	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
economic	O
problems	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
currently	O
do	O
not	O
lie	O
in	O
the	O
diminished	O
oil	O
revenue	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
the	O
occupation	O
,	O
the	O
security	O
situation	O
,	O
the	O
widespread	O
corruption	O
and	O
theft	O
,	O
the	O
dissolution	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
,	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
the	O
oil	O
resources	O
and	O
the	O
breakdown	O
of	O
economic	O
activity	O
.	O


How	O
similar	O
is	O
present	O
to	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


The	O
responsibility	O
lies	O
in	O
particular	O
on	O
the	O
shoulders	O
of	O
the	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
National	B-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
,	O
notwithstanding	O
their	O
loyalties	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
must	O
ask	O
themselves	O
:	O
if	O
the	B-ORG
Kuwaiti	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
has	O
been	O
opposing	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
the	O
foreign	O
oil	O
investment	O
project	O
in	O
Kuwait	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
if	O
Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
and	O
Iran	B-GPE
are	O
still	O
holding	O
to	O
the	O
nationalization	O
of	O
oil	O
in	O
their	O
countries	O
,	O
are	O
they	O
ready	O
to	O
revoke	O
Act	B-LAW
No.	I-LAW
80	I-LAW
?	O


1st_top	O


75	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
oil	O
to	O
foreign	O
companies	O
and	O
25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
to	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
.	O


This	O
is	O
what	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
want	O
and	O
after	O
that	O
they	O
destroy	O
what	O
remains	O
of	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O


My	O
greetings	O
.	O


A	O
Skin	O
Care	O
Nut	O
-	O
Whitening	O
.	O


Beauty	B-PERSON
lover	I-PERSON


In	O
terms	O
of	O
whitening	O
,	O
I	O
prefer	O
the	O
essence	O
in	O
the	O
NeoTime	B-ORG
gift	O
set	O
.	O


The	O
bottle	O
of	O
essence	O
itself	O
is	O
merely	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
moisturizing	O
lotion	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
comes	O
with	O
a	O
complimentary	O
bottle	O
of	O
L	O
-	O
Ascorbic	O
acid	O
dry	O
powder	O
.	O


My	O
way	O
is	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
small	O
bottle	O
of	O
25	B-QUANTITY
ml	I-QUANTITY
to	O
pour	O
the	O
essence	O
in	O
,	O
add	O
a	O
little	O
L	O
-	O
Ascorbic	O
acid	O
dry	O
powder	O
,	O
and	O
shake	O
well	O
.	O


The	O
homemade	O
whitening	O
lotion	O
like	O
this	O
will	O
be	O
consumed	O
in	O
about	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
the	O
same	O
method	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
make	O
more	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
read	O
relevant	O
information	O
that	O
L	O
-	O
Ascorbic	O
acid	O
oxidizes	O
easily	O
after	O
it	O
dissolves	O
in	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


It	O
will	O
lose	O
the	O
whitening	O
effect	O
once	O
oxidized	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
make	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
consume	O
can	O
ensure	O
what	O
I	O
use	O
are	O
the	O
unoxidized	O
whitening	O
contents	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
pretty	O
effective	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
cheap	O
way	O
of	O
use	O
.	O


NeoTime	B-PRODUCT
sells	O
for	O
over	O
300	B-CARDINAL
a	O
set	O
,	O
including	O
day	O
cream	O
,	O
night	O
cream	O
and	O
essence	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
a	O
bottle	O
of	O
essence	O
lasts	O
for	O
two	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
if	O
used	O
my	O
way	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
bit	O
more	O
affordable	O
than	O
the	O
Vitamin	B-ORG
C	I-ORG
whitening	O
products	O
that	O
cost	O
several	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Actually	O
,	O
I	O
have	O
used	O
SKII	B-ORG
products	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
financially	O
constrained	O
,	O
I	O
like	O
to	O
use	O
SKII	B-ORG
goddess	B-PRODUCT
fluid	I-PRODUCT
.	O


The	O
skin	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
good	O
state	O
after	O
use	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
I	O
heard	O
recently	O
that	O
some	O
contents	O
in	O
SKII	B-PRODUCT
do	O
harm	O
to	O
the	O
skin	O
over	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
I	O
dare	O
not	O
use	O
any	O
more	O
after	O
a	O
second	B-ORDINAL
thought	O
.	O


Anyway	O
,	O
my	O
skin	O
now	O
is	O
very	O
good	O
without	O
using	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
wearing	O
makeup	O
,	O
facing	O
the	O
sky	O
everyday	O
with	O
bare	O
skin	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
because	O
my	O
former	O
boyfriend	O
said	O
he	O
liked	O
me	O
because	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
wear	O
makeup	O
.	O


Upon	O
hearing	O
this	O
,	O
I	O
suddenly	O
realized	O
it	O
turned	O
out	O
no	O
men	O
liked	O
their	O
girlfriend	O
wearing	O
makeup	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
I	O
practically	O
do	O
n't	O
buy	O
any	O
makeups	O
and	O
never	O
use	O
blush	O
or	O
eyeshadow	O
,	O
apart	O
from	O
buying	O
some	O
lightening	O
makeup	O
base	O
for	O
use	O
as	O
sun	O
screen	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
everyone	O
agrees	O
with	O
this	O
.	O


Anyway	O
,	O
I	O
feel	O
very	O
easy	O
on	O
the	O
face	O
without	O
makeup	O
,	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
careful	O
everywhere	O
.	O


I	O
feel	O
uncomfortable	O
with	O
lip	O
color	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
me	O
careful	O
even	O
if	O
I	O
'm	O
just	O
drinking	O
water	O
.	O


Click	O
for	O
more	O
detailed	O
information	O
:	O
www.120zy.com	O
.	O


How	O
Should	O
We	O
Care	O
for	O
Our	O
Skin	O
Day	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
Day	O
?	O


Amy	B-PERSON


Who	O
does	O
n't	O
want	O
soft	O
,	O
white	O
skin	O
?	O


But	O
in	O
real	O
life	O
our	O
skin	O
often	O
gives	O
us	O
a	O
hard	O
time	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
darkness	O
or	O
redness	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
dull	O
and	O
pallid	O
.	O


What	O
can	O
we	O
do	O
?	O


Appropriately	O
adjusting	O
our	O
diet	O
could	O
bring	O
great	O
improvements	O
for	O
our	O
skin	O
.	O


Whatever	O
is	O
the	O
problem	O
with	O
your	O
skin	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
prescribe	O
"	O
vegetables	O
"	O
based	O
on	O
your	O
symptom	O
.	O


Red	O
face	O
:	O
this	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
absorbing	O
too	O
much	O
animal	O
fat	O
or	O
protein	O
.	O


The	O
way	O
to	O
treat	O
this	O
is	O
:	O
when	O
we	O
eat	O
foods	O
containing	O
animal	O
fat	O
or	O
protein	O
,	O
we	O
must	O
supplement	O
it	O
with	O
vegetables	O
that	O
contain	O
plenty	O
of	O
chlorophyll	O
,	O
like	O
spinach	O
,	O
celery	O
or	O
lettuce	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
eat	O
them	O
raw	O
,	O
the	O
effect	O
is	O
better	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
also	O
chop	O
vegetables	O
into	O
tiny	O
bits	O
,	O
wrap	O
them	O
in	O
cloth	O
,	O
squeeze	O
the	O
juice	O
and	O
drink	O
it	O
.	O


Flushed	O
face	O
:	O
the	O
reason	O
is	O
poor	O
circulation	O
of	O
blood	O
,	O
particularly	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
blood	O
flow	O
to	O
the	O
epithelial	O
cells	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
weather	O
is	O
cold	O
,	O
people	O
's	O
faces	O
go	O
red	O
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
tips	O
of	O
their	O
noses	O
.	O


The	O
way	O
to	O
treat	O
this	O
is	O
:	O
1.	B-CARDINAL
Frequently	O
bathe	O
and	O
massage	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
blood	O
flow	O
freely	O
.	O


Massage	O
the	O
red	O
parts	O
more	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
To	O
make	O
the	O
body	O
fully	O
absorb	O
proteins	O
better	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
eat	O
plenty	O
of	O
food	O
containing	O
vitamin	O
B1	B-CARDINAL
and	O
vitamin	O
C	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
improve	O
our	O
absorption	O
of	O
vitamin	O
D	O
by	O
exposure	O
to	O
sunlight	O
.	O


Oily	O
dark	O
face	O
:	O
this	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
consuming	O
too	O
many	O
animal	O
oils	O
and	O
vegetable	O
oils	O
.	O


The	O
way	O
to	O
treat	O
this	O
is	O
:	O
control	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
animal	O
and	O
vegetable	O
oils	O
we	O
consume	O
and	O
eat	O
more	O
vegetables	O
containing	O
chlorophyll	O
.	O


Before	O
we	O
eat	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
drink	O
a	O
glass	O
of	O
vegetable	O
juice	O
diluted	O
with	O
warm	O
boiled	O
water	O
.	O


The	O
effect	O
will	O
be	O
better	O
.	O


Dark	O
face	O
:	O
generally	O
speaking	O
,	O
the	O
skin	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
consume	O
too	O
much	O
salt	O
is	O
rough	O
and	O
dark	O
.	O


After	O
exposure	O
to	O
the	O
sun	O
it	O
is	O
even	O
worse	O
.	O


The	O
hands	O
and	O
feet	O
going	O
black	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
salt	O
in	O
the	O
body	O
needing	O
to	O
be	O
flushed	O
out	O
through	O
the	O
extremities	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
consume	O
too	O
much	O
salt	O
,	O
our	O
face	O
will	O
gradually	O
be	O
covered	O
with	O
a	O
layer	O
of	O
dark	O
skin	O
.	O


The	O
way	O
to	O
treat	O
this	O
is	O
:	O
1.	B-CARDINAL
control	O
our	O
intake	O
of	O
salt	O
,	O
drink	O
plenty	O
of	O
water	O
to	O
flush	O
out	O
the	O
salt	O
through	O
our	O
urine	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
Bathing	O
frequently	O
,	O
and	O
soaking	O
in	O
the	O
bathroom	O
until	O
you	O
sweat	O
,	O
can	O
also	O
help	O
to	O
flush	O
out	O
some	O
salt	O
.	O


Freckles	O
on	O
the	O
face	O
:	O
consuming	O
too	O
much	O
salt	O
may	O
cause	O
freckles	O
to	O
appear	O
on	O
the	O
face	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
in	O
our	O
diet	O
we	O
only	O
absorb	O
animal	O
fats	O
and	O
protein	O
,	O
this	O
will	O
affect	O
the	O
normal	O
functioning	O
of	O
liver	O
and	O
make	O
the	O
freckles	O
more	O
visible	O
.	O


So	O
those	O
with	O
freckles	O
must	O
eat	O
plenty	O
of	O
fruit	O
and	O
vegetables	O
.	O


As	O
well	O
as	O
this	O
,	O
medicine	O
is	O
the	O
great	O
enemy	O
of	O
the	O
skin	O
.	O


Sedatives	O
in	O
particular	O
will	O
make	O
the	O
body	O
produce	O
too	O
much	O
acid	O
.	O


The	O
hormones	O
will	O
become	O
unbalanced	O
and	O
freckles	O
will	O
appear	O
on	O
the	O
face	O
.	O


Click	O
here	O
for	O
more	O
detailed	O
information	O
:	O
www.120zy.com	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
life	O
?	O


Carefree	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
like	I-PERSON


A	O
student	O
in	O
a	O
university	O
philosophy	O
department	O
started	O
pondering	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
what	O
is	O
life	O
.	O


But	O
he	O
asked	O
everyone	O
around	O
him	O
,	O
and	O
none	O
of	O
his	O
teachers	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
answer	O
him	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
left	O
the	O
university	O
and	O
went	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
wise	O
man	O
to	O
ask	O
.	O


After	O
10	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
finally	O
learned	O
of	O
a	O
wise	O
yogi	O
deep	O
in	O
the	O
mountains	O
of	O
India	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
thereupon	O
set	O
out	O
on	O
tortuous	O
roads	O
,	O
crossing	O
over	O
towering	O
mountain	O
peaks	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
he	O
found	O
this	O
wise	O
man	O
.	O


The	O
wise	O
man	O
was	O
seated	O
,	O
with	O
his	O
eyes	O
closed	O
.	O


The	O
student	O
did	O
n't	O
dare	O
startle	O
him	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
simply	O
waited	O
from	O
dawn	O
until	O
dusk	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
wise	O
man	O
opened	O
his	O
eyes	O
slightly	O
.	O


The	O
student	O
seized	O
his	O
chance	O
and	O
hastened	O
to	O
ask	O
:	O
What	O
is	O
life	O
?	O


The	O
wise	O
man	O
's	O
gaze	O
shifted	O
slightly	O
;	O
he	O
looked	O
far	O
off	O
into	O
the	O
mountains	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
said	O
profoundly	O
:	O
Life	O
is	O
a	O
river	O
.	O


The	O
flustered	O
student	O
sprang	O
to	O
his	O
feet	O
:	O


Right	O
!	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
take	O
a	O
university	O
course	O
on	O
philosophical	O
enlightenment	O
and	O
come	O
all	O
this	O
way	O
to	O
hear	O
you	O
say	O
what	O
some	O
little	O
kid	O
might	O
say	O
!	O


What	O
the	O
hell	O
is	O
life	O
?	O


The	O
wise	O
man	O
was	O
greatly	O
surprised	O
;	O
he	O
too	O
jumped	O
up	O
and	O
said	O
:	O
You	O
mean	O
...	O
life	O
is	O
n't	O
a	O
river	O
?	O


"	O
Appeal	O
from	O
a	O
Communist	B-NORP
"	O
and	O
"	O
Death	O
"	O
Threat	O
to	O
the	O
Reporter	O
.	O


peirongwang126@gmail.com	O


"	O
Appeal	O
from	O
a	O
Communist	B-NORP
"	O
and	O
"	O
Death	O
"	O
Threat	O
to	O
the	O
Reporter	O
.	O


An	O
Appeal	O
from	O
a	O
communist	B-NORP
at	O
the	O
Fenghua	B-LOC
Garden	I-LOC
community	O
.	O


Fenghua	B-LOC
Garden	I-LOC
residents	O
:	O
.	O


Weird	O
things	O
have	O
persisted	O
since	O
we	O
moved	O
into	O
the	B-LOC
Fenghua	I-LOC
Garden	I-LOC
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
media	O
,	O
procuratorate	O
,	O
court	O
and	O
government	O
are	O
all	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
Fenghua	B-LOC
Garden	I-LOC
.	O


Instead	O
of	O
any	O
solutions	O
to	O
the	O
issue	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
vaguely	O
see	O
all	O
sorts	O
of	O
mysteries	O
of	O
politics	O
.	O


This	O
gives	O
us	O
nothing	O
but	O
confusions	O
and	O
concerns	O
.	O


How	O
could	O
there	O
be	O
such	O
a	O
weird	O
phenomenon	O
under	O
the	O
communist	O
leadership	O
?	O


We	O
are	O
puzzled	O
!	O


After	O
seeing	O
the	O
remarks	O
of	O
an	O
auditor	O
-	O
general	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
finally	O
a	O
little	O
enlightened	O
on	O
the	O
mysteries	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Fenghua	B-LOC
Garden	I-LOC
phenomenon	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
insightful	O
opinion	O
of	O
this	O
insightful	O
person	O
is	O
indeed	O
penetrating	O
,	O
"	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
law	O
-	O
abiding	O
community	O
association	O
in	O
Xuzhou	B-GPE
.	O
"	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
auditor	O
's	O
conclusion	O
from	O
the	O
auditor	O
-	O
general	O
after	O
auditing	O
the	O
embezzlement	O
of	O
Fenghua	B-LOC
Garden	I-LOC
properties	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Community	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
says	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
law	O
-	O
abiding	O
community	O
association	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
be	O
it	O
embezzlement	O
or	O
robbery	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
surprise	O
.	O


God	O
!	O
It	O
really	O
makes	O
you	O
tremble	O
with	O
fear	O
when	O
such	O
words	O
are	O
uttered	O
by	O
a	O
communist	B-NORP
official	O
specializing	O
in	O
auditing	O
.	O


How	O
are	O
the	O
fundamental	O
purposes	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Chinese	I-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
implemented	O
among	O
officials	O
,	O
media	O
,	O
procuratorate	O
,	O
court	O
and	O
government	O
in	O
Xuzhou	B-GPE
?	O


No	O
wonder	O
the	O
media	O
are	O
afraid	O
of	O
releasing	O
the	O
actual	O
situation	O
at	O
the	B-LOC
Fenghua	I-LOC
Garden	I-LOC
.	O


You	O
,	O
leaders	O
of	O
the	O
legal	O
and	O
political	O
communities	O
educated	O
by	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
,	O
do	O
n't	O
you	O
feel	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
?	O


The	B-ORG
community	I-ORG
association	I-ORG
is	O
a	O
grass	O
-	O
root	O
organization	O
of	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
also	O
hosts	O
the	B-ORG
Party	I-ORG
Branch	I-ORG
.	O


The	B-ORG
community	I-ORG
association	I-ORG
does	O
not	O
obey	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
deliberately	O
break	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
seizing	O
and	O
looting	O
properties	O
of	O
residents	O
and	O
people	O
and	O
beating	O
others	O
in	O
retaliation	O
,	O
coupled	O
with	O
the	O
police	O
's	O
involvement	O
in	O
beating	O
others	O
.	O


These	O
have	O
deeply	O
hurt	O
people	O
's	O
hearts	O
and	O
will	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
loss	O
of	O
support	O
of	O
people	O
over	O
time	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
issue	O
crucial	O
to	O
the	O
life	O
and	O
death	O
of	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
nation	O
,	O
which	O
no	O
communists	B-NORP
or	O
righteous	O
Chinese	B-NORP
should	O
turn	O
a	O
blind	O
eye	O
to	O
.	O


Specifically	O
,	O
communists	B-NORP
and	O
righteous	O
and	O
integral	O
people	O
at	O
the	B-LOC
Fenghua	I-LOC
Garden	I-LOC
should	O
no	O
longer	O
keep	O
silent	O
.	O


We	O
appeal	O
to	O
Secretary	O
Xu	B-PERSON
Ming	I-PERSON
to	O
address	O
issue	O
of	O
the	B-FAC
Fenghua	I-FAC
Garden	I-FAC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
issue	O
that	O
"	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
law	O
-	O
abiding	O
community	O
association	O
in	O
Xuzhou	B-GPE
"	O
promptly	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
drags	O
on	O
again	O
without	O
solution	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
appeal	O
to	O
Secretary	O
Li	B-PERSON
Yuanchao	I-PERSON
of	O
the	B-ORG
Provincial	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
up	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
with	O
liabilities	O
of	O
leaders	O
at	O
various	O
levels	O
investigated	O
.	O


Everyone	O
is	O
called	O
upon	O
for	O
uniform	O
action	O
.	O


A	O
communist	O
,	O
January	B-DATE
6	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2007	I-DATE


Wang	B-PERSON
Peirong	I-PERSON
received	O
"	O
death	O
"	O
threat	O
for	O
as	B-DATE
long	I-DATE
as	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


Director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Owner	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Peirong	I-PERSON
,	O
insisted	O
on	O
reporting	O
and	O
revealing	O
publicly	O
the	O
illegal	O
behaviors	O
such	O
as	O
embezzlement	O
and	O
appropriation	O
of	O
public	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
owners	O
.	O


The	O
action	O
of	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Peirong	I-PERSON
has	O
stood	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
some	O
people	O
to	O
become	O
rich	O
and	O
smashed	O
the	O
millionaire	O
dream	O
of	O
some	O
people	O
in	O
their	O
attempt	O
to	O
embezzle	O
and	O
appropriate	O
public	O
properties	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
they	O
hate	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Peirong	I-PERSON
to	O
the	O
guts	O
.	O


Recently	O
,	O
wife	O
of	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Guanghua	I-PERSON
,	O
Deputy	O
-	O
Secretary	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Community	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
Branch	I-ORG
,	O
has	O
written	O
more	O
than	O
once	O
on	O
the	O
community	O
notice	O
board	O
such	O
things	O
as	O
"	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Peirong	I-PERSON
is	O
on	O
a	O
no	O
-	O
return	O
road	O
,	O
"	O
issuing	O
open	O
"	O
death	O
"	O
threat	O
to	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Peirong	I-PERSON
.	O


Wang	B-PERSON
Peirong	I-PERSON
has	O
reported	O
to	O
the	O
police	O
many	O
times	O
since	O
January	B-DATE
4	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Guanghua	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
wife	O
exercised	O
no	O
restraint	O
,	O
and	O
instead	O
she	O
wrote	O
the	O
"	O
death	O
"	O
threat	O
on	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Peirong	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
unit	O
entrance	O
on	O
the	O
8th	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
fact	O
that	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Guanghua	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
wife	O
had	O
the	O
nerve	O
to	O
issue	O
"	O
death	O
"	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
reporter	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Peirong	I-PERSON
for	O
a	O
week	B-DATE
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
public	O
security	O
's	O
failure	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
case	O
that	O
the	O
reporter	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Peirong	I-PERSON
was	O
bashed	O
up	O
by	O
four	B-CARDINAL
family	O
members	O
of	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Yongxiu	I-PERSON
,	O
Director	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Fenghua	I-ORG
Garden	I-ORG
Community	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
.	O


With	O
the	O
reporter	O
's	O
rights	O
not	O
guaranteed	O
,	O
law	O
-	O
breakers	O
,	O
criminals	O
and	O
the	O
corrupt	O
have	O
no	O
fear	O
and	O
retaliate	O
upon	O
the	O
reporter	O
.	O


The	O
evil	O
force	O
is	O
rampant	O
at	O
the	O
Fenghua	B-FAC
Garden	I-FAC
community	O
,	O
Xuzhou	B-GPE
.	O


With	O
stolen	O
authorities	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
embezzled	O
and	O
appropriated	O
public	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
owners	O
by	O
hook	O
or	O
crook	O
and	O
sought	O
a	O
protection	O
layer	O
through	O
bribery	O
.	O


They	O
beat	O
up	O
the	O
reporter	O
and	O
issued	O
"	O
death	O
"	O
threat	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
an	O
open	O
provocation	O
to	O
the	O
reporter	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Peirong	I-PERSON
,	O
but	O
also	O
an	O
open	O
provocation	O
to	O
owners	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Fenghua	I-FAC
Garden	I-FAC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
an	O
open	O
provocation	O
to	O
the	O
social	O
legal	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
serious	O
deteriorate	O
the	O
social	O
atmosphere	O
.	O


January	B-DATE
8	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2007	I-DATE
.	I-DATE


Corruption	O
is	O
astounding	O
in	O
Xuzhou	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
the	O
corrupt	O
committing	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
crimes	O
blatantly	O
.	O


The	O
struggle	O
against	O
corruption	O
makes	O
little	O
progress	O
as	O
it	O
takes	O
both	O
blood	O
and	O
tears	O
.	O


Corruption	O
is	O
astounding	O
in	O
Xuzhou	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
the	O
corrupt	O
committing	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
crimes	O
blatantly	O
.	O


Amid	O
deep	O
-	O
rooted	O
corruption	O
in	O
Xuzhou	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
struggle	O
against	O
corruption	O
makes	O
little	O
progress	O
as	O
it	O
takes	O
both	O
blood	O
and	O
tears	O
.	O


For	O
details	O
,	O
please	O
see	O
attachments	O
"	O
Crimes	B-WORK_OF_ART
Treated	I-WORK_OF_ART
Fairly	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
Auditing	I-WORK_OF_ART
Becomes	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Measure	I-WORK_OF_ART
Of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Money	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Laundering	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
"	O
It	O
is	B-WORK_OF_ART
So	I-WORK_OF_ART
Difficult	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
Legally	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dismiss	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Corrupt	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Evil	I-WORK_OF_ART
Community	I-WORK_OF_ART
Association	I-WORK_OF_ART
Director	I-WORK_OF_ART
even	I-WORK_OF_ART
at	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Joint	I-WORK_OF_ART
Request	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Over	I-WORK_OF_ART
1600	I-WORK_OF_ART
Residents	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
"	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Reporter	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bleeds	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Tears	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
While	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Reported	I-WORK_OF_ART
Committing	I-WORK_OF_ART
All	I-WORK_OF_ART
Crimes	I-WORK_OF_ART
Still	I-WORK_OF_ART
at	I-WORK_OF_ART
Large	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


People	O
with	O
the	O
sense	O
of	O
justice	O
,	O
please	O
help	O
report	O
and	O
reveal	O
:	O
.	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
The	O
crimes	O
of	O
Liu	B-PERSON
Yongxiu	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
manipulated	O
the	B-ORG
Community	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
to	O
evade	O
taxes	O
and	O
issue	O
illegal	O
invoices	O
of	O
￥	B-MONEY
250,000	I-MONEY
,	O
embezzle	O
and	O
appropriate	O
over	B-MONEY
?	I-MONEY
100,000	I-MONEY
public	O
revenue	O
of	O
the	O
owners	O
,	O
and	O
retaliate	O
upon	O
the	O
reporter	O
;	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
Li	B-PERSON
Deqing	I-PERSON
,	O
auditor	O
-	O
general	O
of	O
Quanshan	B-GPE
District	I-GPE
,	O
among	O
others	O
,	O
is	O
suspected	O
of	O
misconduct	O
,	O
misuse	O
of	O
authority	O
,	O
irregularities	O
for	O
favoritism	O
,	O
and	O
failure	O
to	O
submit	O
criminal	O
cases	O
.	O


For	O
detailed	O
information	O
,	O
please	O
contact	O
Wang	B-PERSON
Peirong	I-PERSON
,	O
Director	O
of	O
the	O
Fenghua	B-ORG
Garden	I-ORG
Owner	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
,	O
Xuzhou	B-GPE
,	O
Jiangsu	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
.	O


Telephone	O
:	O
0516	O
-	O
83884475	O
,	O
0516	O
-	O
82952393	O
-LRB-	O
PHS	O
-RRB-	O
,	O


E-mail	O
:	O
peirongw...@126.com	O
.	O


For	O
articles	O
"	O
Crimes	B-WORK_OF_ART
Treated	I-WORK_OF_ART
Fairly	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
Auditing	I-WORK_OF_ART
Becomes	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Measure	I-WORK_OF_ART
Of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Money	I-WORK_OF_ART
-	I-WORK_OF_ART
Laundering	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
"	O
It	O
is	B-WORK_OF_ART
So	I-WORK_OF_ART
Difficult	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
Legally	I-WORK_OF_ART
Dismiss	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Corrupt	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Evil	I-WORK_OF_ART
Community	I-WORK_OF_ART
Association	I-WORK_OF_ART
Director	I-WORK_OF_ART
even	I-WORK_OF_ART
at	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Joint	I-WORK_OF_ART
Request	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Over	I-WORK_OF_ART
1600	I-WORK_OF_ART
Residents	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
"	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Reporter	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bleeds	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Tears	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
While	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Reported	I-WORK_OF_ART
Committing	I-WORK_OF_ART
All	I-WORK_OF_ART
Crimes	I-WORK_OF_ART
Still	I-WORK_OF_ART
at	I-WORK_OF_ART
Large	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
please	O
see	O
webpages	O
:	O
.	O


http://bbs.86516.com/viewthread.php?tid=975363&pid=11981952&page=1&ex	O
...	O


or	O
http://bbs.86516.com/viewthread.php?tid=975367&pid=11982001&page=1&ex	O
...	O


Guangzhou	B-GPE
Starts	O
Puffing	O
Itself	O
up	O
-LRB-	O
reposted	O
from	O
Moonlight	B-WORK_OF_ART
blog	I-WORK_OF_ART
-RRB-	O


Dift	B-PERSON
Wu	I-PERSON


I	O
went	O
to	O
sina.com	O
today	B-DATE
and	O
suddenly	O
saw	O
a	O
"	O
strange	O
"	O
article	O
from	O
China	B-ORG
Business	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
:	O
"	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
to	O
Become	O
First	B-ORDINAL
Mainland	O
City	O
with	O
a	O
GDP	O
per	O
Capita	O
of	O
over	O
10,000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
Dollars	I-MONEY
"	O
<http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2007-01-04/051211947888.shtml>	O
.	O


It	O
says	O
that	O
the	O
mayor	O
of	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
has	O
said	O
that	O
calculated	O
by	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
registered	O
as	O
residents	O
,	O
the	O
GDP	O
per	O
capita	O
of	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
will	O
exceed	O
10,000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


The	O
reason	O
I	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
strange	O
was	O
because	O
according	O
to	O
some	O
data	O
that	O
I	O
already	O
knew	O
about	O
<http://www.williamlong.info/archives/459.html>	O
,	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
's	O
GDP	O
per	O
capita	O
should	O
only	O
reach	O
the	O
target	O
of	O
10,000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
2010	B-DATE
.	O


Even	O
though	O
the	O
RMB	O
has	O
increased	O
in	O
value	O
,	O
it	O
still	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
this	O
fast	O
.	O


This	O
figure	O
must	O
have	O
something	O
wrong	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
the	O
problem	O
was	O
still	O
the	O
population	O
figure	O
.	O


Shenzhen	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
cities	O
all	O
calculate	O
GDP	O
per	O
capita	O
using	O
the	O
permanent	O
resident	O
population	O
in	O
the	O
calculation	O
.	O


For	O
cities	O
with	O
such	O
large	O
migrant	O
populations	O
,	O
a	O
GDP	O
per	O
capita	O
calculated	O
using	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
registered	O
residents	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
inaccurate	O
.	O


If	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
calculates	O
the	O
GDP	O
per	O
capita	O
using	O
the	O
permanent	O
resident	O
population	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
obviously	O
puffing	O
itself	O
up	O
.	O


People	O
from	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
are	O
usually	O
very	O
low	O
-	O
key	O
about	O
wealth	O
.	O


They	O
'd	O
never	O
compare	O
these	O
vanities	O
with	O
Beijing	B-GPE
or	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
way	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
pay	O
a	O
little	O
less	O
tax	O
to	O
the	O
central	O
authorities	O
:	O
keeping	O
quiet	O
to	O
get	O
rich	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
everyone	O
is	O
very	O
clear	O
about	O
the	O
situations	O
in	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
and	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
.	O


For	O
many	O
years	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
has	O
been	O
just	O
a	O
little	O
behind	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
in	O
its	O
economic	O
indices	O
and	O
all	O
aspects	O
.	O


Its	O
GDP	O
will	O
soon	O
be	O
exceeded	O
by	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
's	O
,	O
yet	O
its	O
population	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
higher	O
than	O
Shenzhen	B-GPE
's	O
.	O


I	O
remember	O
I	O
wrote	O
an	O
article	O
"	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Mystery	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Shenzhen	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
GDP	I-WORK_OF_ART
per	I-WORK_OF_ART
capita	I-WORK_OF_ART
<http://www.williamlong.info/archives/459.html>	O
.	O
"	O


Shenzhen	B-GPE
's	O
GDP	O
per	O
capita	O
is	O
calculated	O
using	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
permanent	O
residents	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
predicted	O
that	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
top	O
10,000	B-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
until	O
about	B-DATE
2008	I-DATE
.	O


How	O
could	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
's	O
leaders	O
make	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
wild	O
assertion	O
?	O


This	O
kind	O
of	O
showing	O
off	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
the	O
style	O
of	O
people	O
from	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
.	O


Various	O
signs	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
team	O
of	O
leaders	O
in	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
may	O
have	O
been	O
transferred	O
from	O
another	O
region	O
.	O


They	O
tend	O
to	O
like	O
boasting	O
and	O
like	O
playing	O
number	O
games	O
to	O
seek	O
rewards	O
from	O
the	O
central	O
authorities	O
.	O


If	O
this	O
really	O
is	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
then	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
's	O
prospects	O
for	O
economic	O
development	O
may	O
be	O
indeed	O
not	O
good	O
.	O


Fewer	O
empty	O
words	O
and	O
more	O
real	O
action	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
the	O
straightforward	O
style	O
of	O
people	O
from	O
Guangdong	B-GPE
.	O


Only	O
by	O
keeping	O
the	O
wealth	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
can	O
a	O
nation	O
be	O
ultimately	O
rich	O
.	O


Making	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
people	O
rich	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
.	O


I	O
hope	O
the	O
new	O
team	O
of	O
leaders	O
in	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
will	O
carefully	O
learn	O
from	O
the	O
experiences	O
and	O
lessons	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
few	O
administrations	O
and	O
not	O
to	O
rival	O
with	O
places	O
like	O
Beijing	B-GPE
and	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
in	O
exaggeration	O
.	O


Otherwise	O
Guangzhou	B-GPE
's	O
development	O
will	O
really	O
be	O
a	O
cause	O
for	O
worry	O
.	O


28	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
multimillionaire	O
says	O
:	O
Why	O
am	O
I	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
money	O
?	O


forcode	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Weird	O
Ideas	O
Log	O
-RRB-	O


Author	O
:	O
http://www.donews.net/pangshengdong	O
mail	O
:	O
200...@gmail.com	O
.	O


Copyright	O
announcement	O
:	O
May	O
be	O
reproduced	O
at	O
will	O
;	O
when	O
reproducing	O
,	O
please	O
be	O
sure	O
to	O
hyperlink	O
the	O
original	O
source	O
and	O
the	O
author	O
's	O
information	O
and	O
this	O
announcement	O
http://www.donews.net/pangshengdong	O
.	O


Note	O
:	O
I'm	O
'm	O
really	O
embarrassed	O
if	O
this	O
header	O
is	O
a	O
bit	O
flashy	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
other	O
way	O
;	O
I	O
hope	O
more	O
media	O
will	O
reproduce	O
this	O
article	O
and	O
let	O
more	O
people	O
see	O
it	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
header	O
needs	O
to	O
attract	O
attention	O
.	O


The	O
scheme	O
behind	O
this	O
article	O
is	O
just	O
one	O
example	O
;	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
to	O
inform	O
everyone	O
that	O
things	O
should	O
be	O
done	O
with	O
a	O
clear	O
objective	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
thought	O
out	O
clearly	O
beforehand	O
.	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
results	O
will	O
this	O
achieve	O
?	O


Describe	O
it	O
in	O
detail	O
and	O
write	O
it	O
down	O
.	O


This	O
way	O
,	O
you'll	O
'll	O
improve	O
your	O
efficiency	O
in	O
everything	O
you	O
do	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
this	O
article	O
does	O
have	O
considerable	O
value	O
;	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
summary	O
of	O
my	B-DATE
28	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
living	O
and	O
establishing	O
a	O
business	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
I	O
say	O
in	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
necessarily	O
right	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
'm	O
confident	O
that	O
it	O
can	O
get	O
you	O
started	O
.	O


A	O
brief	O
self	O
-	O
introduction	O
.	O


My	O
name	O
is	O
Pang	B-PERSON
Shengdong	I-PERSON
<http://pangshengdong.com/>	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
born	O
in	O
1977	B-DATE
into	O
an	O
ordinary	O
peasant	O
household	O
in	O
Tiantai	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Zhejiang	I-GPE
.	O


My	O
mother	O
was	O
a	O
peasant	O
and	O
my	O
father	O
was	O
a	O
carpenter	O
;	O
they	O
were	O
both	O
typical	O
,	O
solid	O
country	O
folk	O
.	O


I	O
got	O
a	O
job	O
in	O
1998	B-DATE
;	O
I	O
first	B-ORDINAL
wasted	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
working	O
in	O
a	O
public	O
institution	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
2001	B-DATE
I	O
began	O
setting	O
up	O
my	O
own	O
business	O
;	O
I	O
got	O
things	O
rolling	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
amassed	O
a	O
considerable	O
amount	O
.	O


In	O
July	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
2005	I-DATE
I	O
invested	O
in	O
and	O
established	O
51.com	B-ORG
,	O
serving	O
as	O
CEO	O
.	O


51.com	B-ORG
would	O
provide	O
a	O
psychological	O
harbor	O
for	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
young	O
Chinese	B-NORP
females	O
.	O


Starting	O
from	O
nothing	O
,	O
in	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
'	I-DATE
time	I-DATE
51.com	B-ORG
would	O
enter	O
the	O
worldwide	O
top	O
400	B-CARDINAL
sites	O
;	O
in	O
10	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
'	I-DATE
time	I-DATE
it	O
entered	O
the	O
top	O
200	B-CARDINAL
sites	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
12	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
'	I-DATE
time	I-DATE
it	O
was	O
among	O
the	O
top	O
100	B-CARDINAL
!	O


Now	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
risk	O
investment	O
companies	O
expressing	O
their	O
clear	O
intention	O
to	O
invest	O
.	O


In	O
my	O
early	O
years	O
,	O
I	O
always	O
believed	O
that	O
by	O
relying	O
on	O
my	O
smarts	O
and	O
effort	O
I	O
should	O
eventually	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
live	O
a	O
pretty	O
good	O
life	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
never	O
thought	O
that	O
when	O
I	O
was	O
28	B-DATE
I	O
'd	O
be	O
living	O
in	O
a	O
fine	O
home	O
,	O
be	O
driving	O
an	O
Audi	B-PRODUCT
,	O
have	O
so	O
many	O
investors	O
in	O
my	O
company	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
employees	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
ask	O
me	O
,	O
Why	O
?	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
money	O
?	O


I	O
ask	O
myself	O
the	O
same	O
question	O
.	O


I	O
need	O
to	O
sum	O
it	O
all	O
up	O
,	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
the	O
reasons	O
I	O
can	O
make	O
money	O
,	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
which	O
qualities	O
determined	O
today	O
's	O
achievements	O
,	O
to	O
keep	O
from	O
slowly	O
losing	O
these	O
qualities	O
.	O


Why	O
am	O
I	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
money	O
?	O


Making	O
money	O
means	O
letting	O
other	O
people	O
give	O
you	O
money	O
;	O
it	O
's	O
selling	O
things	O
.	O


I	O
made	O
money	O
because	O
:	O
I	O
sold	O
things	O
to	O
many	O
people	O
.	O


Why	O
are	O
there	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
who	O
buy	O
my	O
things	O
?	O


If	O
I	O
look	O
at	O
it	O
from	O
this	O
angle	O
,	O
and	O
briefly	O
sum	O
it	O
all	O
up	O
,	O
the	O
following	O
are	O
the	O
main	O
reasons	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
Good	O
character	O
:	O


People	O
's	O
outlook	O
is	O
bright	O
;	O
if	O
your	O
everyday	O
character	O
is	O
such	O
that	O
you	O
are	O
always	O
thinking	O
of	O
other	O
people	O
,	O
your	O
things	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
too	O
shoddy	O
.	O


A	O
good	O
person	O
finds	O
it	O
easier	O
to	O
design	O
good	O
things	O
,	O
and	O
good	O
service	O
models	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
a	O
good	O
person	O
,	O
I	O
can	O
say	O
that	O
with	O
a	O
clear	O
conscience	O
.	O


To	O
date	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
has	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
surpass	O
the	O
securities	O
service	O
model	O
I	O
designed	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
think	O
being	O
a	O
good	O
person	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
reason	O
I	O
am	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
money	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
Effort	O
,	O
progress	O
,	O
and	O
constant	O
study	O
:	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
basic	O
quality	O
for	O
success	O
;	O
there	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
any	O
free	O
lunch	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
I	O
graduated	O
I've	O
worked	O
and	O
studied	O
14	B-QUANTITY
hours	I-QUANTITY
every	O
day	O
.	O


Pay	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
constant	O
study	O
;	O
regardless	O
of	O
what	O
you	O
do	O
,	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
give	O
it	O
careful	O
consideration	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
'll	O
gain	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
it	O
;	O
any	O
time	O
is	O
study	O
time	O
.	O


3.	B-CARDINAL
Dare	O
to	O
act	O
!	O


Take	O
no	O
action	O
,	O
then	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
opportunity	O
for	O
sure	O
!	O


If	O
you	O
feel	O
you	O
can	O
bear	O
this	O
risk	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
feel	O
you	O
can	O
make	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
resources	O
you	O
have	O
,	O
then	O
get	O
cracking	O
!	O


4.	B-CARDINAL
Luck	O
:	O
luck	O
is	O
also	O
important	O
.	O


Actually	O
,	O
now	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
the	O
opportunity	O
that	O
this	O
Internet	O
provides	O
,	O
and	O
everybody	O
's	O
luck	O
has	O
gotten	O
better	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
say	O
that	O
this	O
completely	O
new	O
,	O
revolutionary	O
application	O
,	O
this	O
huge	O
market	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
grown	O
so	O
fast	O
,	O
is	O
entirely	O
taken	O
up	O
by	O
big	O
companies	O
;	O
do	O
n't	O
say	O
the	O
current	O
situation	O
is	O
so	O
disadvantageous	O
.	O


Five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
from	I-DATE
now	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
we	O
look	O
back	O
at	O
2005	B-DATE
,	O
we	O
'll	O
say	O
that	O
these	O
were	O
good	O
times	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O


5.	B-CARDINAL
Business	O
flair	O
and	O
IQ	O
:	O


My	O
past	O
business	O
judgments	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
flair	O
for	O
business	O
;	O
I	O
think	O
my	O
business	O
sense	O
is	O
pretty	O
sharp	O
.	O


6.	B-CARDINAL
Systematic	O
thinking	O
enables	O
you	O
to	O
grasp	O
the	O
key	O
points	O
of	O
any	O
mater	O
.	O


7.	B-CARDINAL
Strong	O
cooperative	O
awareness	O
:	O
nobody	O
can	O
do	O
everything	O
.	O


You	O
need	O
a	O
team	O
to	O
make	O
up	O
for	O
inadequacies	O
in	O
each	O
person	O
's	O
ability	O
and	O
experience	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
I	O
previously	O
wrote	O
a	O
similar	O
article	O
,	O
and	O
everybody	O
can	O
search	O
for	O
it	O
on	O
Baidu	O
or	O
Google	O
.	O


Eventually	O
I	O
may	O
specially	O
rewrite	O
it	O
to	O
describe	O
in	O
detail	O
how	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
business	O
that	O
will	O
make	O
money	O
.	O


Everyone	O
please	O
note	O
my	O
blog	O
on	O
Donews	O
http://blog.donews.com/pangshengdong	O
.	O


What	O
I	O
say	O
is	O
not	O
necessarily	O
right	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
am	O
confident	O
that	O
if	O
you	O
read	O
it	O
carefully	O
it	O
should	O
give	O
you	O
a	O
start	O
.	O


Regarding	O
everyone	O
's	O
suggestions	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
What	O
you	O
pay	O
out	O
you	O
will	O
get	O
back	O
.	O


Thinking	O
more	O
of	O
other	O
people	O
,	O
seeing	O
things	O
from	O
their	O
shoes	O
:	O
before	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
,	O
we	O
may	O
also	O
have	O
the	O
habits	O
of	O
good	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
will	O
raise	O
our	O
happiness	O
index	O
and	O
our	O
likelihood	O
of	O
succeeding	O
.	O


Most	O
successful	O
people	O
are	O
good	O
people	O
!	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
People	O
are	O
naturally	O
lazy	O
,	O
but	O
if	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
succeed	O
,	O
if	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
,	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
think	O
positively	O
and	O
make	O
a	O
greater	O
effort	O
!	O


Everybody	O
has	O
more	O
or	O
less	O
the	O
same	O
IQ	O
;	O
what	O
can	O
you	O
use	O
to	O
make	O
money	O
?	O


Hah	O
!	O
Really	O
make	O
an	O
effort	O
!	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
make	O
sure	O
you	O
study	O
constantly	O
!	O


3.	B-CARDINAL
Remember	O
:	O
things	O
are	O
possible	O
only	O
when	O
you	O
act	O
!	O


4.	B-CARDINAL
Business	O
opportunities	O
can	O
be	O
analyzed	O
;	O
this	O
requires	O
a	O
good	O
model	O
of	O
thinking	O
and	O
adequate	O
information	O
.	O


How	O
to	O
analyze	O
?	O


Eventually	O
I	O
will	O
write	O
an	O
article	O
explaining	O
this	O
in	O
detail	O
.	O


5.	B-CARDINAL
Pay	O
attention	O
to	O
teamwork	O
;	O
one	B-CARDINAL
person	O
can	O
not	O
achieve	O
great	O
things	O
.	O


Always	O
try	O
to	O
acquire	O
friends	O
who	O
have	O
abilities	O
and	O
experiences	O
that	O
complement	O
yours	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
successful	O
business	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
extremely	O
important	O
to	O
have	O
several	O
good	O
partners	O
.	O


6.	B-CARDINAL
Joining	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
good	O
company	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
shortcut	O
to	O
getting	O
rich	O
;	O
many	O
new	O
companies	O
are	O
now	O
hiring	O
,	O
and	O
51.com	O
is	O
currently	O
hiring	O
on	O
a	O
large	O
scale	O
<http://companyads.51job.com/companyads/shanghai/sh/shengdong_060627/i...>	O
.	O


Everybody	O
can	O
also	O
go	O
read	O
my	O
blog	O
;	O
that	O
's	O
also	O
a	O
good	O
opportunity	O
.	O


You	O
need	O
to	O
seize	O
opportunities	O
immediately	O
,	O
otherwise	O
you	O
may	O
end	O
up	O
kicking	O
yourself	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
2005	I-DATE
51.com	O
will	O
be	O
listed	O
among	O
the	O
500	B-CARDINAL
top	O
companies	O
on	O
the	O
Alexa	B-ORG
Web	O
site	O
.	O


7.	B-CARDINAL
If	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
chance	O
,	O
interact	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
actually	O
successful	O
.	O


Read	O
what	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
really	O
successful	O
have	O
written	O
;	O
articles	O
like	O
this	O
are	O
hard	O
to	O
come	O
by	O
.	O


I	O
urge	O
everyone	O
to	O
read	O
the	O
new	O
book	O
written	O
by	O
Li	B-PERSON
Kaifu	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
Google	B-ORG
China	I-ORG
;	O
the	O
book	O
by	O
Li	B-GPE
Jian	I-GPE
,	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
Pinsou	B-ORG
,	O
is	O
also	O
not	O
bad	O
.	O


In	O
short	O
:	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
you	O
make	O
an	O
effort	O
,	O
are	O
willing	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
!	O
And	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
your	O
methods	O
,	O
everybody	O
has	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
succeed	O
!	O


Everybody	O
has	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
multimillionaire	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
're	O
interested	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
contact	O
me	O
by	O
e-mail	O
;	O
my	O
address	O
is	O
200...@gmail.com	O
.	O


QQ	O
：	O
508012651	O
.	O


MSN	O
:	O
200...@gmail.com<MSN%EF%BC%9A200...@gmail.com>	O
.	O


Personal	O
blog	O
:	O
http://www.pangshengdong.com	O


Pang	O
Dongsheng	O
<http://pangshengdong.com/>	O
51.com	O
CEO	O
Confidence	O
and	O
sincerity	O
are	O
what	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
about	O
!	O


October	B-DATE
21	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2005	I-DATE
11:30	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
in	O
Pudong	B-GPE
1	I-GPE
,	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
.	O


Is	O
it	O
Really	O
Healthy	O
to	O
Drink	O
Milk	O
on	O
Empty	O
Stomach	O
?	O


Healthy	B-PERSON
and	I-PERSON
happy	I-PERSON


Protein	O
will	O
be	O
wasted	O
to	O
drinking	O
milk	O
on	O
empty	O
stomach	O
?	O


Some	O
say	O
drinking	O
milk	O
on	O
empty	O
stomach	O
will	O
consume	O
the	O
protein	O
wastefully	O
as	O
energy	O
,	O


but	O
actually	O
milk	O
contains	O
about	O
45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
lactose	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
carbohydrate	O
that	O
will	O
decompose	O
first	B-ORDINAL
to	O
supply	O
energy	O
and	O
save	O
protein	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
milk	O
also	O
contains	O
about	O
3	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
fat	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
plays	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
supplying	O
energy	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
drinking	O
milk	O
on	O
empty	O
stomach	O
will	O
not	O
lead	O
to	O
protein	O
waste	O
.	O


The	O
fact	O
that	O
infants	O
under	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
can	O
drink	O
milk	O
on	O
empty	O
stomach	O
and	O
absorb	O
nutrients	O
proves	O
that	O
milk	O
contains	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
nutrients	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
fully	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
human	O
body	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
the	O
digestion	O
rate	O
will	O
be	O
slightly	O
lowered	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
healthier	O
to	O
drink	O
milk	O
on	O
empty	O
stomach	O
than	O
to	O
eat	O
nothing	O
the	O
whole	O
morning	O
when	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
time	O
for	O
breakfast	O
.	O


Tip	O
:	O
drink	O
boiled	O
water	O
before	O
milk	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
appropriate	O
to	O
take	O
milk	O
as	O
the	O
only	O
drink	O
in	O
the	B-TIME
early	I-TIME
morning	I-TIME
.	O


When	O
you	O
get	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
better	O
to	O
drink	O
a	O
big	O
glass	O
of	O
boiled	O
water	O
-LRB-	O
light	O
honey	O
water	O
is	O
better	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
dry	O
indoor	O
environment	O
during	O
the	O
heating	O
season	O
-RRB-	O
before	O
consuming	O
milk	O
.	O


As	O
milk	O
has	O
higher	O
osmotic	O
pressure	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
far	O
less	O
quick	O
and	O
effective	O
compared	O
to	O
boiled	O
water	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
supplying	O
moisture	O
.	O


Who	O
can	O
not	O
drink	O
milk	O
on	O
empty	O
stomach	O
?	O


What	O
needs	O
our	O
attention	O
is	O
that	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
abdominal	O
distention	O
or	O
diarrhea	O
after	O
drinking	O
milk	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
then	O
indeed	O
inappropriate	O
to	O
drink	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
milk	O
with	O
on	O
empty	O
stomach	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
better	O
to	O
have	O
some	O
starchy	O
food	O
before	O
you	O
drink	O
milk	O
in	O
multiple	O
small	O
serves	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
better	O
to	O
have	O
yogurt	O
.	O


Experts	O
said	O
milk	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
consumed	O
on	O
empty	O
stomach	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
because	O
Chinese	B-NORP
had	O
few	O
chances	O
to	O
drink	O
milk	O
.	O


Once	O
they	O
were	O
weaned	O
from	O
breast	O
milk	O
,	O
they	O
hardly	O
saw	O
any	O
dairy	O
products	O
.	O


Long	O
-	O
term	O
separation	O
from	O
dairy	O
products	O
led	O
to	O
"	O
lactose	O
intolerance	O
"	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
.	O


People	O
suffered	O
abdominal	O
distention	O
,	O
diarrhea	O
or	O
dyspepsia	O
whenever	O
they	O
drink	O
milk	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
drink	O
too	O
fast	O
,	O
especially	O
drinking	O
milk	O
on	O
empty	O
stomach	O
,	O
the	O
symptom	O
would	O
exacerbate	O
.	O


Now	O
time	O
is	O
different	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
diet	O
pattern	O
has	O
also	O
changed	O
.	O


Many	O
children	O
and	O
young	O
people	O
often	O
consume	O
milk	O
,	O
yogurt	O
,	O
ice	O
cream	O
and	O
even	O
cheese	O
since	O
childhood	O
,	O
which	O
bring	O
them	O
strong	O
ability	O
to	O
digest	O
milk	O
lactose	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
they	O
drink	O
milk	O
on	O
empty	O
stomach	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
not	O
feel	O
uncomfortable	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
remark	O
of	O
"	O
no	O
milk	O
on	O
an	O
empty	O
stomach	O
"	O
should	O
be	O
changed	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
with	O
a	O
premise	O
added	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
being	O
generalized	O
.	O


Click	O
for	O
more	O
detailed	O
information	O
www.120zy.com	O
.	O


EBay	B-ORG
Announces	O
Today	B-DATE
It	O
will	O
Acquire	O
Ticket	O
Website	O
StubHub	B-ORG
for	O
310	B-MONEY
Million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
Dollars	I-MONEY


eのsnail	B-PERSON


According	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
reports	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
11	I-DATE
,	O
eBay	B-ORG
announced	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
acquire	O
online	O
ticket	O
website	O
StubHub	B-ORG
for	O
310	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
cash	O
to	O
further	O
expand	O
its	O
influence	O
on	O
electronic	O
commerce	O
.	O


The	O
acquisition	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
completed	O
before	O
April	B-DATE
.	O


More	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
Jeff	B-PERSON
Fluhr	I-PERSON
and	O
Stanford	B-ORG
School	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Business	I-ORG
graduate	O
Eric	B-PERSON
Baker	I-PERSON
founded	O
StubHub	B-ORG
with	O
Fluhr	B-PERSON
as	O
its	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
.	O


Fluhr	B-PERSON
said	O
in	O
a	O
statement	O
:	O
"	O
StubHub	B-ORG
's	O
business	O
model	O
is	O
an	O
excellent	O
fit	O
with	O
eBay	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
we	O
have	O
admired	O
eBay	B-ORG
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O
"	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
as	O
investors	O
were	O
concerned	O
about	O
the	O
slowdown	O
in	O
eBay	B-ORG
's	O
online	O
auction	O
business	O
,	O
its	O
poor	O
management	O
,	O
slow	O
business	O
expansion	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
factors	O
,	O
its	O
market	O
value	O
has	O
been	O
dwindling	O
.	O


In	O
succession	O
eBay	B-ORG
acquired	O
Internet	O
phone	O
service	O
Skype	B-ORG
and	O
online	O
price	O
-	O
comparison	O
company	O
Shopping.com	B-ORG
.	O


StubHub	B-ORG
mainly	O
operates	O
ticket	O
brokerage	O
to	O
major	O
events	O
.	O


In	O
2006	B-DATE
its	O
ticket	O
sales	O
was	O
400	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
with	O
annual	O
profits	O
reaching	O
100	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
US	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
.	O


Ticket	O
sellers	O
selling	O
tickets	O
on	O
this	O
website	O
must	O
pay	O
a	O
15	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
fee	O
,	O
while	O
buyers	O
also	O
have	O
to	O
pay	O
a	O
10	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
commission	O
to	O
StubHub	B-ORG
.	O


As	O
of	O
now	O
,	O
five	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
tickets	O
have	O
been	O
sold	O
on	O
the	O
StubHub	B-ORG
website	O
.	O


Qingqing	B-PERSON
20070104	B-DATE


bill	B-PERSON
shen	I-PERSON


Cloudy	O
,	O
temperature	O
about	O
four	B-QUANTITY
degrees	I-QUANTITY
Celsius	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
Qingqing	B-PERSON
did	O
not	O
fall	O
asleep	O
till	O
1100	B-TIME
.	O


He	O
looked	O
sleepy	O
on	O
the	O
train	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
did	O
n't	O
sleep	O
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
Qingqing	B-PERSON
gave	O
Mom	O
a	O
very	O
clever	O
retort	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
train	O
Mom	O
noticed	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
farting	O
and	O
asked	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
whether	O
he	O
+wanted	O
to	O
poo	O
.	O


She	O
also	O
said	O
to	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
:	O
"	O
I	O
gave	O
birth	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
how	O
could	O
I	O
not	O
know	O
what	O
you	O
are	O
thinking	O
about	O
?	O
"	O


In	O
the	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
when	O
washing	O
his	O
feet	O
at	O
home	O
,	O
Mom	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
Let	O
's	O
sell	O
our	O
house	O
,	O
buy	O
a	O
house	O
next	O
to	O
Grandma	O
's	O
,	O
and	O
give	O
Dad	O
the	O
remaining	O
money	O
to	O
start	O
a	O
business	O
with	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
okay	O
?	O
"	O


Qingqing	B-PERSON
did	O
not	O
say	O
a	O
word	O
and	O
stared	O
at	O
Dad	O
.	O


Dad	O
shook	O
his	O
head	O
.	O


Mom	O
asked	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
:	O
"	O
Why	O
are	O
you	O
staring	O
at	O
Dad	O
?	O
"	O


Qingqing	B-PERSON
replied	O
:	O
"	O
Do	O
n't	O
you	O
know	O
what	O
I	O
am	O
thinking	O
about	O
?	O


Why	O
do	O
you	O
still	O
ask	O
me	O
?	O
"	O


In	O
the	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
Dad	O
woke	O
him	O
up	O
.	O


Soaked	O
crackers	O
for	O
breakfast	O
.	O


Dad	O
fed	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
.	O


Getting	O
ready	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
kindergarten	O
,	O
Dad	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
Let	O
Mom	O
take	O
you	O
there	O
.	O
"	O


Qingqing	B-PERSON
did	O
not	O
agree	O
:	O
"	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
with	O
Dad	O
.	O
"	O


Dad	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
Is	O
it	O
because	O
Dad	O
's	O
vehicle	O
has	O
a	O
canopy	O
?	O
"	O


Qingqing	B-PERSON
did	O
n't	O
say	O
anything	O
.	O


Dad	O
helped	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
put	O
on	O
his	O
gloves	O
and	O
took	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
to	O
the	O
kindergarten	O
.	O


Qingqing	B-PERSON
wanted	O
Dad	B-PERSON
to	O
tell	O
the	O
teacher	O
:	O
"	O
I	O
lost	O
a	O
tooth	O
and	O
can	O
not	O
eat	O
properly	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
just	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
say	O
it	O
himself	O
.	O


Dad	B-PERSON
told	O
the	O
teacher	O
,	O
and	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
also	O
opened	O
his	O
mouth	O
for	O
the	O
teacher	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
looked	O
very	O
funny	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
pulled	O
Dad	B-PERSON
over	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
's	O
drawer	O
.	O


Dad	B-PERSON
helped	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
clean	O
it	O
up	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
some	O
other	O
child	O
's	O
stuff	O
in	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
's	O
drawer	O
.	O


Qingqing	B-PERSON
took	O
it	O
out	O
and	O
put	O
it	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
child	O
's	O
drawer	O
.	O


When	O
moving	O
the	O
chair	O
,	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
pushed	O
it	O
:	O
Some	O
children	O
in	O
our	O
class	O
move	O
chairs	O
just	O
like	O
that	O
.	O


Dad	B-PERSON
wanted	O
to	O
help	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
.	O


Qingqing	B-PERSON
did	O
not	O
want	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
wanted	O
to	O
move	O
it	O
by	O
himself	O
.	O


When	O
Dad	B-PERSON
came	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
evening	O
,	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
was	O
running	O
around	O
holding	O
Mom	B-PERSON
's	O
cell	O
phone	O
,	O
talking	O
to	O
Uncle	B-PERSON
over	O
the	O
phone	O
.	O


He	O
promised	O
Uncle	B-PERSON
yesterday	B-DATE
that	O
from	O
now	O
on	O
he	O
would	O
take	O
Uncle	B-PERSON
's	O
call	O
.	O


Qingqing	B-PERSON
was	O
calling	O
Uncle	B-PERSON
"	O
stupid	O
,	O
"	O
just	O
like	O
he	O
called	O
Dad	B-PERSON
.	O


After	O
finishing	O
the	O
call	O
,	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
showed	O
Dad	B-PERSON
the	O
math	O
book	O
he	O
got	O
from	O
the	O
auction	O
and	O
told	O
Dad	B-PERSON
:	O
"	O
I	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
do	O
math	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
also	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
Today	B-DATE
Mom	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
pop	O
the	O
rice	O
ovalettes	O
.	O


The	O
rice	O
ovalettes	O
were	O
still	O
moist	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
fully	O
popped	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
then	O
play	O
the	O
keyboard	O
by	O
himself	O
,	O
turning	O
down	O
the	O
volume	O
so	O
as	O
not	O
to	O
disturb	O
the	O
old	O
grandma	O
next	O
door	O
from	O
her	O
rest	O
.	O


What	O
a	O
thoughtful	O
kid	O
!	O


Dad	B-PERSON
had	O
had	O
a	O
bit	O
too	O
much	O
to	O
drink	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
talk	O
much	O
to	O
Qingqing	B-PERSON
before	O
he	O
fell	O
asleep	O
.	O


.	O


Setting	O
up	O
an	O
Internet	O
business	O
:	O
What	O
do	O
you	O
need	O
?	O


usana	B-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
msi	I-PERSON


Setting	O
up	O
an	O
Internet	O
business	O
:	O
What	O
do	O
you	O
need	O
?	O


Experience	O
in	O
setting	O
up	O
a	O
business	O
:	O
My	O
"	O
boss	O
"	O
dream	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
stages	O
of	O
setting	O
up	O
a	O
business	O
from	O
scratch	O


The	O
critical	O
path	O
of	O
success	O


Talking	O
about	O
setting	O
up	O
a	O
business	O


Now	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Internet	O
grows	O
,	O
the	O
Internet	O
economy	O
has	O
passed	O
through	O
a	O
"	O
bubble	O
era	O
"	O
and	O
is	O
gradually	O
moving	O
toward	O
a	O
dazzling	O
springtime	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
IT	O
giants	O
that	O
have	O
sprouted	O
up	O
one	O
after	O
the	O
other	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
do	O
you	O
get	O
excited	O
?	O


Are	O
you	O
worried	O
?	O


Are	O
you	O
determined	O
?	O


Setting	O
up	O
an	O
Internet	O
business	O
is	O
an	O
idea	O
that	O
appeals	O
to	O
people	O
.	O


Because	O
:	O
1.	B-CARDINAL
Low	O
cost	O


Unless	O
they	O
are	O
undertaking	O
a	O
very	O
large	O
project	O
,	O
Internet	O
entrepreneurs	O
do	O
not	O
need	O
much	O
capital	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
one	O
computer	O
+	O
ADSL	O
+	O
a	O
dummy	O
mainframe	O
+	O
a	O
small	O
room	O
and	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
started	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
is	O
still	O
far	O
,	O
far	O
from	O
success	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
may	O
scoff	O
that	O
this	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
called	O
setting	O
up	O
a	O
business	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
have	O
plenty	O
of	O
funds	O
,	O
very	O
sharp	O
thinking	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
classic	O
idea	O
,	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
read	O
what	O
I	O
wrote	O
.	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
stick	O
up	O
your	O
nose	O
;	O
for	O
the	O
time	O
being	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
talking	O
about	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
capital	O
and	O
profit	O
.	O


You	O
feel	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
cost	O
is	O
insignificant	O
,	O
the	O
profit	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
worth	O
mentioning	O
.	O


Well	O
,	O
now	O
I	O
'm	O
telling	O
you	O
you're	O
're	O
wrong	O
.	O


This	O
traditional	O
cost	O
-	O
profit	O
relationship	O
just	O
does	O
n't	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O


Because	O
you	O
've	O
overlooked	O
one	O
thing	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
your	O
own	O
intelligence	O
and	O
ability	O
.	O


In	O
setting	O
up	O
an	O
Internet	O
business	O
,	O
this	O
holds	O
a	O
more	O
important	O
position	O
.	O


The	O
Internet	O
is	O
absolutely	O
a	O
place	O
for	O
the	O
daring	O
to	O
be	O
forceful	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
hope	O
to	O
succeed	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
Low	O
start	O
-	O
up	O
cost	O


Internet	O
communications	O
are	O
now	O
well	O
developed	O
.	O


It	O
can	O
be	O
said	O
that	O
all	O
you	O
need	O
is	O
broadband	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
've	O
solved	O
most	O
of	O
your	O
Internet	O
communication	O
problems	O
and	O
can	O
save	O
yourself	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
telephone	O
charges	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
go	O
out	O
and	O
rent	O
a	O
storefront	O
and	O
pay	O
exorbitant	O
rents	O
.	O


Early	O
on	O
,	O
before	O
you	O
've	O
formally	O
registered	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
you	O
also	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
bothered	O
with	O
lots	O
of	O
petty	O
charges	O
and	O
taxes	O
.	O


3.	B-CARDINAL
Staffing	O
is	O
very	O
simple	O
;	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
stages	O
many	O
entrepreneurs	O
start	O
from	O
scratch	O
,	O
with	O
one	B-CARDINAL
person	O
handling	O
all	O
tasks	O
.	O


Because	O
one	B-CARDINAL
person	O
can	O
basically	O
cope	O
with	O
everything	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
stages	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
incur	O
personnel	O
costs	O
.	O


4.	B-CARDINAL
The	O
risk	O
is	O
low	O
,	O
so	O
if	O
the	O
business	O
fails	O
,	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
afraid	O
.	O


Because	O
the	O
initial	O
investment	O
is	O
low	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
greater	O
opportunities	O
for	O
turnover	O
.	O


Therefore	O
the	O
entrepreneur	O
can	O
give	O
up	O
without	O
fearing	O
the	O
consequences	O
of	O
failure	O
.	O


5.	B-CARDINAL
High	O
profit	O


If	O
you	O
succeed	O
early	O
on	O
in	O
setting	O
up	O
your	O
business	O
and	O
continue	O
on	O
down	O
the	O
right	O
path	O
of	O
development	O
,	O
then	O
I	O
congratulate	O
you	O
.	O


Now	O
you	O
can	O
shout	O
it	O
out	O
:	O
"	O
My	O
Web	O
site	O
is	O
making	O
a	O
profit	O
!	O
"	O


But	O
do	O
n't	O
let	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
bucket	O
of	O
money	O
you	O
make	O
go	O
to	O
your	O
head	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
forget	O
,	O
the	O
higher	O
you	O
climb	O
,	O
the	O
higher	O
you	O
'll	O
fall	O
.	O


Remind	O
yourself	O
that	O
now	O
is	O
the	O
time	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
keep	O
a	O
close	O
watch	O
on	O
developments	O
in	O
market	O
trends	O
and	O
among	O
your	O
competitors	O
.	O


Promptly	O
adjust	O
your	O
growth	O
strategy	O
.	O


Only	O
then	O
will	O
you	O
be	O
smiling	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
.	O


Maybe	O
when	O
you	O
read	O
about	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
establishing	O
an	O
Internet	O
business	O
above	O
,	O
your	O
heart	O
was	O
racing	O
and	O
you	O
were	O
thinking	O
you	O
'd	O
really	O
work	O
hard	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
.	O


Below	O
I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
discuss	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
areas	O
that	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
pay	O
attention	O
to	O
when	O
setting	O
up	O
an	O
Internet	O
business	O
:	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
Use	O
your	O
own	O
unique	O
vision	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
Internet	O
and	O
look	O
for	O
new	O
ways	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
profit	O
.	O


Aggressively	O
investigate	O
new	O
projects	O
;	O
avoid	O
blindly	O
imitating	O
others	O
.	O


Are	O
there	O
lots	O
of	O
people	O
doing	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
?	O


If	O
a	O
flashA.com	O
appears	O
on	O
the	O
Net	O
today	O
,	O
tomorrow	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
flashC.com	O
and	O
flashD.com	O
.	O


If	O
that	O
's	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
your	O
odds	O
of	O
failing	O
just	O
increased	O
by	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


Remember	O
:	O
If	O
you	O
're	O
always	O
following	O
on	O
somebody	O
else	O
's	O
tail	O
,	O
then	O
what	O
you'll	O
get	O
will	O
always	O
be	O
someone	O
else	O
's	O
trash	O
,	O
picked	O
over	O
,	O
cast	O
aside	O
and	O
unused	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
opposed	O
to	O
imitating	O
,	O
but	O
what	O
we	O
should	O
think	O
about	O
is	O
why	O
is	O
this	O
person	O
taking	O
that	O
route	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
which	O
route	O
is	O
this	O
person	O
taking	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
will	O
study	O
the	O
line	O
of	O
thought	O
and	O
the	O
skills	O
he	O
used	O
to	O
solve	O
problems	O
.	O


So	O
we	O
will	O
gain	O
more	O
than	O
he	O
did	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
If	O
you	O
've	O
selected	O
a	O
given	O
project	O
and	O
are	O
carrying	O
it	O
out	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
should	O
definitely	O
carry	O
it	O
through	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
;	O
avoid	O
switching	O
course	O
in	O
midstream	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
when	O
I	O
say	O
see	O
it	O
through	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
this	O
does	O
not	O
mean	O
to	O
continue	O
blindly	O
,	O
sticking	O
with	O
it	O
even	O
when	O
you	O
know	O
full	O
well	O
it	O
's	O
hopeless	O
.	O


What	O
I	O
mean	O
is	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
be	O
distracted	O
,	O
doing	O
SMS	O
today	O
and	O
selling	O
things	O
tomorrow	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
approach	O
every	O
day	O
.	O


You	O
see	O
somebody	O
else	O
doing	O
something	O
that	O
makes	O
money	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
think	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
do	O
that	O
.	O


Your	O
website	O
is	O
simply	O
the	O
"	O
art	O
of	O
changing	O
your	O
look	O
"	O
like	O
in	O
Sichuan	B-NORP
opera	O
.	O


A	O
new	O
face	O
every	O
day	O
,	O
completely	O
different	O
.	O


What	O
I	O
recommend	O
is	O
that	O
when	O
you	O
set	O
up	O
your	O
business	O
you	O
should	O
give	O
it	O
careful	O
consideration	O
and	O
fully	O
investigate	O
its	O
feasibility	O
.	O


Once	O
you	O
set	O
out	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
pursue	O
the	O
goal	O
you	O
set	O
for	O
yourself	O
,	O
sticking	O
with	O
it	O
unless	O
really	O
forced	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
.	O


3.	B-CARDINAL
Use	O
your	O
hands	O
,	O
eyes	O
and	O
brain	O
,	O
be	O
observant	O
and	O
alert	O
,	O
and	O
consider	O
all	O
possibilities	O
.	O


Avoid	O
acting	O
rashly	O
when	O
you	O
set	O
up	O
your	O
Internet	O
business	O
.	O


Your	O
mind	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
sharp	O
;	O
the	O
Internet	O
offers	O
virtually	O
unlimited	O
business	O
opportunities	O
;	O
maybe	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
a	O
small	O
opportunity	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
should	O
seize	O
it	O
.	O


Then	O
maybe	O
you	O
will	O
succeed	O
.	O


Otherwise	O
if	O
the	O
opportunity	O
was	O
right	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
you	O
and	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
seize	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
...	O
you	O
need	O
nimble	O
hands	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
come	O
upon	O
something	O
important	O
,	O
by	O
all	O
means	O
make	O
a	O
note	O
of	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O


Your	O
eyes	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
sharp	O
:	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
spot	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
IT	O
situation	O
right	O
away	O
and	O
quickly	O
prepare	O
a	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
business	O
plan	O
.	O


Like	O
right	O
now	O
,	O
many	O
portal	O
sites	O
are	O
seizing	O
the	O
opportunity	O
of	O
the	O
Olympics	B-EVENT
to	O
considerably	O
increase	O
their	O
traffic	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
advertising	O
revenues	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
alone	O
will	O
be	O
considerable	O
.	O


4.	B-CARDINAL
Be	O
tough	O
and	O
resilient	O
:	O
avoid	O
the	O
easy	O
route	O
.	O


Setting	O
up	O
an	O
Internet	O
business	O
is	O
hard	O
labor	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
're	O
just	O
setting	O
up	O
your	O
business	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
sometimes	O
hard	O
to	O
avoid	O
feeling	O
completely	O
exhausted	O
.	O


Sometimes	O
you	O
'll	O
just	O
feel	O
like	O
throwing	O
in	O
the	O
towel	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
forget	O
:	O
if	O
you	O
were	O
working	O
for	O
someone	O
else	O
,	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
like	O
it	O
either	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
feel	O
even	O
worse	O
!	O


5.	B-CARDINAL
You	O
need	O
to	O
learn	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
partners	O
.	O


6.	B-CARDINAL
You	O
need	O
to	O
know	O
what	O
Internet	O
marketing	O
is	O
,	O
and	O
learn	O
how	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
looking	O
for	O
an	O
already	O
proven	O
,	O
feasible	O
way	O
to	O
increase	O
your	O
sources	O
of	O
income	O
?	O


Are	O
you	O
looking	O
for	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
create	O
both	O
free	O
time	O
and	O
financial	O
freedom	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
have	O
dreams	O
or	O
goals	O
that	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
reach	O
?	O


http://whymsi.com/awing	O


http://msi-team.com/awing	O


QQ	O
:	O
65146050	O


Address	O
:	O
usana...@gmail.com	O
.	O


Yahoo	O
messenger	O
:	O
dzh...@yahoo.com.cn	O
.	O


Officials	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


613305	B-PERSON


Huolianguang	O
.	O


Officials	O
say	O
the	O
people	O
are	O
whom	O
they	O
depend	O
on	O
for	O
livelihood	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
call	O
officials	O
public	O
servants	O
.	O


Officials	O
have	O
meals	O
to	O
supplement	O
nutrition	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
have	O
meals	O
to	O
fill	O
their	O
stomachs	O
.	O


Words	O
from	O
officials	O
are	O
instructions	O
,	O
while	O
words	O
from	O
the	O
people	O
are	O
comments	O
.	O


Children	O
of	O
officials	O
are	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
gold	O
daughter	O
,	O
while	O
children	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
are	O
girls	O
.	O


Officials	O
move	O
to	O
exchange	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
move	O
to	O
emigrate	O
.	O


Officials	O
drink	O
liquor	O
without	O
buying	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
buy	O
liquor	O
without	O
drinking	O
.	O


Officials	O
receive	O
gifts	O
on	O
New	B-EVENT
Years	I-EVENT
and	O
holidays	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
give	O
away	O
gifts	O
on	O
New	B-EVENT
Years	I-EVENT
and	O
holidays	O
.	O


Officials	O
living	O
on	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
floor	O
indicate	O
they	O
are	O
among	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
living	O
on	O
the	O
top	O
floor	O
indicate	O
people	O
's	O
interests	O
are	O
the	O
priority	O
.	O


Eating	O
and	O
drinking	O
by	O
officials	O
are	O
called	O
business	O
and	O
receptions	O
,	O
while	O
eating	O
and	O
drinking	O
by	O
the	O
people	O
are	O
called	O
extravagant	O
and	O
wasteful	O
.	O


Officials	O
who	O
go	O
to	O
dancing	O
clubs	O
are	O
getting	O
close	O
to	O
people	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
go	O
to	O
dancing	O
clubs	O
are	O
neglecting	O
their	O
duties	O
.	O


Officials	O
go	O
out	O
to	O
travel	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
go	O
out	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
living	O
.	O


Officials	O
go	O
to	O
school	O
to	O
update	O
knowledge	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
go	O
to	O
school	O
to	O
grab	O
a	O
diploma	O
;	O


Officials	O
travel	O
around	O
to	O
inspect	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
travel	O
around	O
to	O
lead	O
a	O
vagrant	O
life	O
.	O


Officials	O
enter	O
the	O
government	O
office	O
to	O
work	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
enter	O
the	O
government	O
office	O
to	O
petition	O
.	O


Officials	O
beat	O
others	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
society	O
stable	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
beat	O
others	O
to	O
disrupt	O
the	O
social	O
order	O
.	O


All	O
officials	O
want	O
to	O
lose	O
weight	O
,	O
while	O
all	O
the	O
people	O
are	O
short	O
of	O
calcium	O
.	O


Officials	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
countryside	O
with	O
a	O
big	O
entourage	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
go	O
to	O
petition	O
all	O
alone	O
.	O


Officials	O
look	O
forward	O
to	O
the	B-EVENT
New	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
are	O
worried	O
about	O
holidays	O
.	O


Officials	O
strike	O
the	O
table	O
when	O
they	O
fly	O
into	O
a	O
rage	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
strike	O
the	O
table	O
when	O
they	O
attempt	O
a	O
crime	O
.	O


Officials	O
'	O
children	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
abroad	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
'	O
kids	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
school	O
.	O


Officials	O
bask	O
in	O
the	O
sun	O
to	O
enjoy	O
a	O
sun	O
bath	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
rest	O
in	O
the	O
shade	O
to	O
enjoy	O
a	O
carefree	O
life	O
.	O


Officials	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
countryside	O
to	O
experience	O
life	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
go	O
to	O
city	O
to	O
open	O
their	O
eyes	O
wide	O
.	O


Officials	O
fear	O
the	O
people	O
petition	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
fear	O
officials	O
press	O
for	O
grains	O
.	O


Officials	O
make	O
mistakes	O
that	O
are	O
pardonable	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
make	O
mistakes	O
on	O
purpose	O
.	O


Officials	O
have	O
a	O
concubine	O
to	O
share	O
joy	O
with	O
people	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
play	O
with	O
street	O
girls	O
to	O
go	O
whoring	O
.	O


Officials	O
make	O
a	O
fortune	O
that	O
is	O
called	O
gray	O
income	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
have	O
money	O
that	O
is	O
called	O
illegal	O
gains	O
.	O


Violation	O
of	O
law	O
by	O
officials	O
is	O
called	O
an	O
error	O
,	O
while	O
violation	O
of	O
law	O
by	O
the	O
people	O
is	O
called	O
a	O
crime	O
.	O


Officials	O
short	O
of	O
money	O
are	O
integral	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
short	O
of	O
money	O
are	O
impoverished	O
.	O


Officials	O
work	O
their	O
heart	O
out	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
ill	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
experience	O
a	O
natural	O
and	O
man	O
-	O
made	O
disaster	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
ill	O
.	O


Officials	O
are	O
immortal	O
when	O
they	O
die	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
people	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
misery	O
when	O
they	O
die	O
.	O


An	O
Intellectual	O
who	O
was	O
a	O
Lifelong	O
Leading	O
Official	O
until	O
Death	O
--	O
A	O
Few	O
Disrespectful	O
Words	O
about	O
Director	O
Ba	B-PERSON


613305	O


-LSB-	O
Ghost	O
turning	O
the	O
mill	O
-RSB-	O


The	O
lifelong	O
term	O
system	O
of	O
leading	O
cadres	O
is	O
not	O
good	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
criticized	O
by	O
intellectuals	O
.	O


The	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
idea	O
about	O
the	O
lifelong	O
term	O
system	O
of	O
leading	O
cadres	O
means	O
when	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
a	O
term	O
of	O
office	O
comes	O
,	O
or	O
when	O
a	O
given	O
age	O
is	O
reached	O
,	O
they	O
should	O
step	O
down	O
.	O


This	O
point	O
has	O
already	O
been	O
put	O
into	O
practice	O
,	O
though	O
not	O
fully	O
implemented	O
in	O
reality	O
.	O


Some	O
very	O
bad	O
practices	O
have	O
n't	O
been	O
abolished	O
yet	O
:	O
i.e.	O
the	O
lifelong	O
remuneration	O
system	O
for	O
leading	O
cadres	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
lifelong	O
remuneration	O
system	O
for	O
leading	O
cadres	O
means	O
that	O
when	O
a	O
leading	O
cadre	O
steps	O
down	O
from	O
his	O
senior	O
position	O
,	O
he	O
still	O
retains	O
his	O
level	O
of	O
remuneration	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
division	O
leader	O
level	O
.	O
"	O


Even	O
worse	O
is	O
that	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
you	O
become	O
a	O
leading	O
cadre	O
,	O
you	O
are	O
then	O
a	O
leader	O
for	O
life	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
any	O
problems	O
of	O
being	O
laid	O
off	O
.	O


If	O
your	O
department	O
disappears	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
matter	O
,	O
either	O
.	O


A	O
sinecure	O
can	O
always	O
be	O
arranged	O
for	O
you	O
at	O
a	O
salary	O
high	O
enough	O
for	O
you	O
to	O
maintain	O
your	O
integrity	O
,	O
like	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
CPPCC	B-ORG
to	O
serve	O
as	O
some	O
deputy	O
chairperson	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
break	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
only	O
move	O
upwards	O
,	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
slip	O
downwards	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
should	O
completely	O
abolish	O
the	O
life	O
-	O
long	O
term	O
system	O
of	O
leading	O
cadres	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
a	O
person	O
is	O
mayor	O
,	O
when	O
he	O
steps	O
down	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
his	O
term	O
,	O
he	O
could	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
given	O
mayor	O
level	O
remuneration	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
is	O
not	O
able	O
enough	O
and	O
becomes	O
a	O
division	O
leader	O
,	O
then	O
he	O
should	O
be	O
remunerated	O
at	O
the	O
division	O
leader	O
level	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
's	O
even	O
more	O
incompetent	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
laid	O
off	O
,	O
then	O
he	O
should	O
be	O
like	O
a	O
laid	O
-	O
off	O
factory	O
worker	O
and	O
collect	O
unemployment	O
benefits	O
.	O


He	O
should	O
n't	O
go	O
to	O
the	O
mayor	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
the	O
markets	O
.	O


The	O
"	O
iron	O
rice	O
bowl	O
"	O
was	O
broken	O
for	O
workers	O
decades	O
ago	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
reason	O
why	O
leading	O
cadres	O
should	O
still	O
be	O
holding	O
onto	O
a	O
golden	O
rice	O
bowl	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
had	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
biography	O
and	O
was	O
surprised	O
to	O
find	O
that	O
Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
had	O
been	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Writers	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
since	B-DATE
1983	I-DATE
right	O
up	O
until	O
he	O
passed	O
away	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Writers	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
is	O
n't	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
important	O
department	O
affecting	O
the	O
national	O
economy	O
and	O
people	O
's	O
livelihood	O
and	O
whether	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
lifelong	O
term	O
system	O
would	O
draw	O
nobody	O
's	O
attention	O
.	O


But	O
Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
,	O
as	O
an	O
intellectual	O
who	O
always	O
spoke	O
the	O
truth	O
and	O
stood	O
up	O
for	O
what	O
was	O
right	O
,	O
should	O
have	O
known	O
that	O
the	O
lifelong	O
term	O
system	O
of	O
leaders	O
is	O
not	O
good	O
,	O
and	O
should	O
have	O
been	O
opposed	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
when	O
Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
became	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Writers	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
he	O
was	O
already	O
quite	O
elderly	O
.	O


Doing	O
it	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
terms	O
,	O
he	O
'd	O
be	O
+really	O
senile	O
however	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
his	O
own	O
health	O
problems	O
.	O


How	O
could	O
he	O
have	O
that	O
much	O
energy	O
to	O
manage	O
the	O
affairs	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Writers	I-ORG
'	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
?	O


It	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
better	O
to	O
get	O
off	O
the	O
pot	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
in	O
his	O
last	B-ORDINAL
days	O
,	O
Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
lay	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
unable	O
even	O
to	O
speak	O
,	O
completely	O
reliant	O
on	O
medical	O
intervention	O
to	O
keep	O
him	O
alive	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
manage	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
unable	O
to	O
.	O


"	O
Harvest	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	O
magazine	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
single	O
-	O
handedly	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
always	O
its	O
chief	O
editor	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
later	O
on	O
it	O
was	O
Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
Junior	I-PERSON
who	O
took	O
over	O
the	O
work	O
,	O
it	O
still	O
carried	O
Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
name	O
.	O


After	O
Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
passed	O
away	O
,	O
the	O
magazine	O
still	O
wrote	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
the	O
chief	O
editor	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
end	O
someone	O
got	O
really	O
mad	O
and	O
filed	O
a	O
legislative	O
complaint	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
affair	O
had	O
no	O
further	O
development	O
afterwards	O
.	O


I	O
guess	O
the	O
biggest	O
reason	O
maybe	O
is	O
because	O
of	O
Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
great	O
influence	O
,	O
everyone	O
settled	O
out	O
of	O
court	O
;	O
both	O
sides	O
gave	O
a	O
little	O
ground	O
,	O
and	O
Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
Junior	I-PERSON
no	O
longer	O
used	O
Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
Senior	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
name	O
in	O
doing	O
advertisements	O
for	O
the	O
magazine	O
.	O


To	O
say	O
a	O
little	O
more	O
:	O
right	O
now	O
all	O
the	O
intellectuals	O
are	O
all	O
heaping	O
praise	O
on	O
Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
"	O
Random	B-WORK_OF_ART
Thoughts	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


They	O
think	O
it	O
"	O
speaks	O
the	O
truth	O
,	O
"	O
"	O
stands	O
up	O
for	O
what	O
's	O
right	O
.	O
"	O


However	O
,	O
what	O
I	O
like	O
is	O
Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
"	O
Torrents	B-WORK_OF_ART
"	O
trilogy	O
and	O
"	O
Cold	B-WORK_OF_ART
Nights	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
"	O


Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
had	O
written	O
the	O
works	O
that	O
made	O
his	O
name	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
his	O
greatest	O
works	O
,	O
before	O
he	O
was	O
thirty	B-DATE
.	O


I	O
believe	O
that	O
what	O
he	O
said	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
was	O
very	O
honest	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
using	O
his	O
heart	O
and	O
blood	O
in	O
his	O
writing	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
read	O
the	O
afterwords	O
he	O
's	O
written	O
you	O
'll	O
know	O
.	O


He	O
says	O
he	O
was	O
often	O
crying	O
as	O
he	O
was	O
writing	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
also	O
seen	O
that	O
Director	B-PERSON
Ba	I-PERSON
was	O
+under	O
the	O
deep	O
influence	O
of	O
extreme	O
leftism	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
and	O
said	O
many	O
good	O
things	O
about	O
the	O
totalitarian	O
society	O
.	O


Peasants	O
blocking	O
roads	O
and	O
clashing	O
with	O
the	O
police	O
:	O
who	O
should	O
reflect	O
on	O
this	O
?	O


613305	B-PERSON


-LSB-	O
Xinhua	B-ORG
,	O
Jiu	B-PERSON
Taiping	I-PERSON
-RSB-	O
posted	O
on	O
January	B-DATE
14	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2007	I-DATE
2:00:25	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
-LRB-	O
SMS	O
-RSB-	O
--	O
-LSB-	O
Outer	O
form	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


Jiu	B-PERSON
Taiping	I-PERSON


"	O
Rocks	O
were	O
moved	O
onto	O
the	O
road	O
,	O
and	O
several	B-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
peasants	O
stood	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
road	O
,	O
several	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
cars	O
were	O
backed	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
rocks	O
were	O
thrown	O
at	O
the	O
police	O
....	O
"	O


Yesterday	B-TIME
morning	I-TIME
after	I-TIME
10:00	I-TIME
o'clock	I-TIME
,	O
villagers	O
from	O
some	O
40	B-CARDINAL
households	O
in	O
Zhaojiacun	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Xiaojie	I-GPE
Township	I-GPE
,	I-GPE
Chongming	I-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
unhappy	O
with	O
the	O
blasting	O
for	O
road	O
construction	O
that	O
was	O
damaging	O
their	O
homes	O
,	O
crowded	O
onto	O
the	O
section	O
at	O
the	O
67th	B-ORDINAL
kilometer	O
of	O
Kunqu	B-FAC
highway	I-FAC
now	O
being	O
built	O
,	O
throwing	O
stones	O
and	O
blocking	O
the	O
road	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
four	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
causing	O
a	O
backup	O
of	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
cars	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
January	B-DATE
14	I-DATE
,	O
Capital	B-ORG
City	I-ORG
News	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
unreasonable	O
to	O
block	O
roads	O
and	O
cut	O
off	O
traffic	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
villagers	O
'	O
homes	O
were	O
being	O
damaged	O
by	O
the	O
blasting	O
for	O
road	O
construction	O
and	O
the	O
economy	O
was	O
being	O
hurt	O
;	O
these	O
methods	O
are	O
illegal	O
and	O
harm	O
innocent	O
bystanders	O
;	O
they	O
are	O
unacceptable	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
problem	O
,	O
they	O
should	O
seek	O
out	O
the	O
concerned	O
departments	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
all	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
villagers	O
'	O
agitation	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
reasons	O
.	O


You	O
might	O
say	O
it	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
helped	O
.	O


If	O
they	O
had	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
resolve	O
the	O
problem	O
through	O
regular	O
channels	O
,	O
they	O
would	O
n't	O
have	O
taken	O
such	O
a	O
step	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
peasants	O
are	O
simple	O
and	O
decent	O
folk	O
;	O
quite	O
often	O
when	O
they	O
get	O
the	O
short	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
stick	O
they	O
suffer	O
in	O
silence	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
something	O
that	O
affects	O
their	O
livelihood	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
easily	O
moved	O
to	O
take	O
action	O
.	O


They	O
may	O
be	O
simple	O
and	O
decent	O
and	O
may	O
accept	O
bullying	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
someone	O
rides	O
on	O
their	O
backs	O
and	O
dumps	O
on	O
them	O
,	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
take	O
it	O
any	O
more	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
explode	O
.	O


In	O
my	O
view	O
,	O
the	O
concerned	O
parties	O
'	O
disregard	O
for	O
the	O
people	O
's	O
interests	O
is	O
the	O
basic	O
reason	O
that	O
brought	O
this	O
on	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
disturbance	O
both	O
the	O
villagers	O
and	O
the	O
police	O
are	O
the	O
victims	O
of	O
bureaucracy	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
news	O
reports	O
,	O
we	O
clearly	O
felt	O
that	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
the	O
police	O
went	O
beyond	O
enforcement	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
;	O
their	O
behavior	O
infringed	O
on	O
human	O
rights	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
dustup	O
began	O
between	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
the	O
police	O
,	O
"	O
One	O
policeman	O
took	O
out	O
a	O
camera	O
and	O
photographed	O
me	O
;	O
I	O
used	O
my	O
hand	O
to	O
block	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
another	O
policeman	O
kicked	O
me	O
in	O
the	O
stomach	O
.	O


I	O
immediately	O
squatted	O
down	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
they	O
beat	O
me	O
on	O
the	O
face	O
and	O
head	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
who	O
it	O
was	O
;	O
I	O
wiped	O
my	O
face	O
with	O
my	O
hand	O
,	O
my	O
hand	O
was	O
full	O
of	O
blood	O
,	O
they	O
had	O
broken	O
open	O
my	O
mouth	O
.	O
"	O


Although	O
the	O
peasants	O
'	O
blocking	O
the	O
road	O
was	O
against	O
the	O
law	O
,	O
the	O
police	O
can	O
maintain	O
order	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
law	O
,	O


but	O
what	O
right	O
do	O
the	O
police	O
have	O
to	O
beat	O
people	O
and	O
even	O
to	O
kick	O
a	O
woman	O
in	O
the	O
stomach	O
?	O
"	O


It	O
also	O
might	O
be	O
said	O
that	O
when	O
a	O
mob	O
situation	O
arises	O
the	O
police	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
clash	O
with	O
the	O
people	O
;	O
most	O
often	O
the	O
police	O
are	O
following	O
orders	O
to	O
suppress	O
the	O
mob	O
and	O
help	O
officials	O
restore	O
order	O
.	O


In	O
life	O
,	O
some	O
local	O
government	O
officials	O
encounter	O
problems	O
of	O
fierce	O
resistance	O
from	O
the	O
people	O
;	O
instead	O
of	O
thinking	O
of	O
ways	O
to	O
smooth	O
over	O
and	O
resolve	O
the	O
problem	O
,	O
they	O
first	B-ORDINAL
think	O
of	O
suppressing	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
're	O
accustomed	O
to	O
mobilizing	O
the	O
police	O
force	O
to	O
forcefully	O
carry	O
that	O
out	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
the	O
harsher	O
the	O
suppression	O
the	O
more	O
likely	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
conflict	O
,	O
bringing	O
on	O
even	O
greater	O
feelings	O
of	O
opposition	O
between	O
police	O
and	O
people	O
and	O
between	O
cadres	O
and	O
the	O
masses	O
,	O
which	O
does	O
n't	O
help	O
resolve	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


Taking	O
this	O
case	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
common	O
folk	O
blocked	O
the	O
road	O
because	O
the	O
local	O
government	O
did	O
not	O
resolve	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
had	O
resolved	O
it	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
would	O
have	O
broken	O
the	O
law	O
!	O


Although	O
you	O
can	O
say	O
that	O
blocking	O
the	O
road	O
was	O
illegal	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
also	O
not	O
a	O
violent	O
act	O
;	O
the	O
police	O
should	O
have	O
continued	O
directing	O
traffic	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
might	O
not	O
have	O
resorted	O
so	O
quickly	O
to	O
force	O
.	O


Who	O
brought	O
about	O
the	O
clash	O
between	O
the	O
police	O
and	O
the	O
villagers	O
?	O


Who	O
bears	O
responsibility	O
?!	O


I	O
believe	O
we	O
should	O
first	B-ORDINAL
look	O
into	O
the	O
local	O
government	O
's	O
nonfeasance	O
in	O
ignoring	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
.	O


"	O
The	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
masses	O
are	O
no	O
small	O
matter	O
"	O
is	O
not	O
just	O
a	O
slogan	O
;	O
it	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
real	O
.	O


Now	O
that	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
this	O
disturbance	O
,	O
the	O
concerned	O
parties	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
vigilant	O
;	O
they	O
take	O
the	O
initiative	O
and	O
pay	O
compensation	O
for	O
the	O
reinforcement	O
work	O
,	O
sooner	O
rather	O
than	O
later	O
.	O


The	O
reason	O
is	O
very	O
simple	O
:	O
people	O
's	O
homes	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
originally	O
unstable	O
,	O
can	O
still	O
be	O
maintained	O
for	O
several	B-DATE
more	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
;	O
this	O
shock	O
was	O
n't	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
compensation	O
should	O
be	O
paid	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
useless	O
to	O
quibble	O
further	O
about	O
how	O
much	O
money	O
should	O
be	O
spent	O
on	O
the	O
compensation	O
issue	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
there	O
is	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
standard	O
:	O
if	O
someone	O
's	O
house	O
was	O
destroyed	O
,	O
the	O
party	O
who	O
destroyed	O
it	O
should	O
restore	O
it	O
to	O
its	O
original	O
condition	O
,	O
without	O
regard	O
to	O
how	O
much	O
money	O
the	O
damage	O
is	O
worth	O
,	O
afraid	O
to	O
spend	O
one	B-MONEY
red	I-MONEY
cent	I-MONEY
;	O
just	O
restore	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
condition	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
wrangling	O
over	O
the	O
compensation	O
issue	O
goes	O
on	O
forever	O
,	O
then	O
I	O
believe	O
the	O
government	O
is	O
still	O
not	O
sincere	O
in	O
resolving	O
the	O
matter	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
's	O
interests	O
;	O
if	O
it	O
drags	O
on	O
and	O
on	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
only	O
intensify	O
the	O
conflict	O
and	O
make	O
the	O
people	O
angry	O
,	O
and	O
history	O
will	O
repeat	O
itself	O
.	O


Do	O
,	O
keep	O
bullying	O
the	O
peasants	O
;	O
they	O
have	O
it	O
tough	O
enough	O
!	O


The	O
peasants	O
have	O
suffered	O
enough	O
!	O


Give	O
them	O
the	O
means	O
to	O
live	O
!	O


Is	O
Blast	O
Demolition	O
Implementation	O
of	O
the	O
Scientific	O
View	O
of	O
Development	O
?	O


613305	O


Posted	O
by	O
-LSB-	B-PERSON
Qiangguo	I-PERSON
Wenhai	I-PERSON
-RSB-	I-PERSON
at	O
Jan	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2007	I-DATE
13:34:56	B-TIME
-LSB-	O
SMS	O
-RSB-	O
-LSB-	O
Tables	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


Is	O
Blast	O
Demolition	O
Implementation	O
of	O
the	O
Scientific	O
View	O
of	O
Development	O
?	O


Wenhai	B-PERSON
.	O


While	O
I	O
was	O
watching	O
a	O
TV	O
channel	O
,	O
I	O
heard	O
from	O
its	O
news	O
,	O
"	O
the	O
tallest	O
building	O
beside	O
the	B-LOC
West	I-LOC
Lake	I-LOC
in	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
was	O
blast	O
demolished	O
only	O
14	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
completion	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
ruined	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
Lake	I-LOC
views	O
.	O
"	O


It	O
is	O
said	O
blasting	O
this	O
"	O
image	O
project	O
"	O
reflects	O
"	O
the	O
scientific	O
view	O
of	O
development	O
"	O
of	O
this	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
government	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
unbelievable	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
report	O
associate	O
the	O
blast	O
demolition	O
with	O
the	O
scientific	O
view	O
of	O
development	O
.	O


The	O
high	O
riser	O
has	O
only	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
14	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


What	O
does	O
it	O
mean	O
by	O
14	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
?	O


If	O
some	O
messy	O
buildings	O
are	O
left	O
undecorated	O
after	O
six	O
years	O
of	O
completion	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
inappropriate	O
at	O
all	O
to	O
describe	O
14	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
as	O
"	O
brand	O
new	O
.	O
"	O


It	O
took	O
such	O
a	O
great	O
fortune	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
high	O
riser	O
like	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
it	O
is	O
blasted	O
at	O
an	O
order	O
.	O


How	O
wasteful	O
it	O
is	O
in	O
ordinary	O
people	O
's	O
eyes	O
.	O


I	O
will	O
never	O
ever	O
believe	O
everyone	O
in	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
place	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
without	O
any	O
impoverished	O
households	O
.	O


If	O
such	O
a	O
great	O
fortune	O
was	O
from	O
government	O
appropriation	O
,	O
how	O
many	O
tax	O
payers	O
were	O
needed	O
?	O


If	O
it	O
was	O
invested	O
by	O
some	O
business	O
person	O
,	O
how	O
many	O
machines	O
were	O
needed	O
to	O
run	O
and	O
how	O
many	O
workers	O
were	O
needed	O
to	O
be	O
busy	O
?	O


How	O
many	O
people	O
can	O
receive	O
education	O
and	O
healthcare	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
with	O
such	O
a	O
great	O
fortune	O
?	O


What	O
is	O
the	O
scientific	O
view	O
of	O
development	O
?	O


The	O
core	O
is	O
putting	O
people	O
first	B-ORDINAL
.	O


The	O
scientific	O
view	O
of	O
development	O
will	O
never	O
waste	O
resources	O
at	O
will	O
,	O
or	O
let	O
people	O
bleed	O
and	O
toil	O
in	O
vain	O
.	O


The	O
scientific	O
view	O
of	O
development	O
emphasizes	O
a	O
conservation	O
-	O
minded	O
society	O
.	O


The	O
scientific	O
view	O
of	O
development	O
focuses	O
on	O
urban	O
planning	O
.	O


Maybe	O
some	O
people	O
say	O
this	O
tall	O
building	O
has	O
ruined	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
Lake	I-LOC
views	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
we	O
have	O
attached	O
importance	O
to	O
the	O
scientific	O
view	O
of	O
development	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
say	O
please	O
wait	O
.	O


If	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
has	O
only	O
this	O
one	B-CARDINAL
"	O
image	O
project	O
,	O
"	O
the	O
blast	O
of	O
which	O
could	O
restore	O
its	O
original	O
state	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
barely	O
regarded	O
as	O
"	O
scientific	O
development	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
problem	O
is	O
whether	O
it	O
will	O
work	O
?	O


Hangzhou	B-GPE
belongs	O
to	O
people	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
nation	O
.	O


So	O
many	O
Chinese	B-NORP
have	O
been	O
to	O
Hangzhou	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-FAC
Leifeng	I-FAC
Tower	I-FAC
was	O
fallen	O
down	O
for	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
which	O
also	O
symbolized	O
the	O
emancipation	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
women	O
,	O
but	O
later	O
on	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
money	O
was	O
invested	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
fake	O
tower	O
standing	O
beside	O
the	B-LOC
West	I-LOC
Lake	I-LOC
.	O


A	O
tour	O
guide	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
people	O
often	O
went	O
up	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
relics	O
before	O
it	O
was	O
built	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
have	O
become	O
reluctant	O
to	O
go	O
up	O
after	O
it	O
was	O
built	O
.	O
"	O


This	O
affects	O
the	B-LOC
West	I-LOC
Lake	I-LOC
,	O
reducing	O
tourists	O
at	O
the	O
scenic	O
spot	O
.	O


Should	O
we	O
also	O
push	O
over	O
the	O
fake	O
Leifeng	B-FAC
Tower	I-FAC
?	O


Even	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
pushed	O
over	O
,	O
would	O
things	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
"	O
people	O
going	O
up	O
to	O
explore	O
relics	O
?	O
"	O


Thus	O
,	O
blasting	O
the	O
high	O
riser	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
scientific	O
view	O
of	O
development	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
was	O
first	B-ORDINAL
built	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
for	O
image	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
public	O
objections	O
.	O


Some	O
netizens	O
even	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
for	O
political	O
feats	O
,	O
dining	O
out	O
,	O
going	O
on	O
inspection	O
tours	O
,	O
contract	O
awarding	O
,	O
and	O
various	O
other	O
benefits	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
construction	O
was	O
for	O
image	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
scientific	O
view	O
of	O
development	O
should	O
never	O
be	O
the	O
excuse	O
for	O
its	O
blast	O
demolition	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
is	O
really	O
designed	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
scientific	O
view	O
of	O
development	O
,	O
then	O
simply	O
erect	O
a	O
plate	O
at	O
the	O
"	O
fake	O
Leifeng	B-FAC
Tower	I-FAC
,	O
"	O
which	O
indicates	O
"	O
who	O
"	O
managed	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
fake	O
tower	O
.	O


I	O
guarantee	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
tourists	O
exploring	O
relics	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Original	O
works	O
of	O
Wenhai	B-PERSON
-RRB-	O
.	O


yan	O


Construction	O
is	O
science	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
blast	O
demolition	O
is	O
scientific	O
development	O
.	O


What	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
Nation	O
Needs	O
Most	O
is	O
a	O
Son	O
like	O
Zhou	B-PERSON
Enlai	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
In	O
Commemoration	O
of	O
the	O
31st	B-ORDINAL
Anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
Death	O
of	O
the	O
People	O
's	O
Good	O
Premier	O
-RRB-	O


613305	B-PERSON


-LRB-	O
Who	O
knew	O
the	O
string	O
was	O
broken	O
-RRB-	O


People	O
all	O
like	O
to	O
call	O
themselves	O
son	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
son	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
nation	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
standards	O
for	O
being	O
a	O
son	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
nation	O
and	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


Not	O
everyone	O
can	O
be	O
called	O
son	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
the	O
nation	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
the	O
nation	O
also	O
have	O
certain	O
conditions	O
for	O
selecting	O
their	O
sons	O
.	O


Anybody	O
who	O
wants	O
to	O
can	O
not	O
just	O
become	O
a	O
son	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
nation	O
and	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
son	O
do	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
nation	O
and	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
need	O
?	O


She	O
needs	O
a	O
son	O
who	O
is	O
absolutely	O
loyal	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
yet	O
she	O
neither	O
needs	O
nor	O
accepts	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
only	O
loyal	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
speech	O
,	O
toward	O
the	O
entire	O
nation	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
reality	O
are	O
political	O
and	O
economic	O
parasites	O
who	O
are	O
only	O
loyal	O
to	O
themselves	O
,	O
loyal	O
to	O
their	O
own	O
family	O
clan	O
,	O
loyal	O
to	O
their	O
own	O
small	O
clique	O
and	O
small	O
social	O
stratum	O
.	O


She	O
needs	O
a	O
strong	O
man	O
of	O
the	O
times	O
,	O
a	O
revolutionary	O
and	O
politician	O
,	O
who	O
works	O
wholeheartedly	O
for	O
the	O
benefit	O
and	O
happiness	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
nation	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
she	O
neither	O
needs	O
nor	O
accepts	O
those	O
who	O
only	O
flaunt	O
the	O
banner	O
of	O
seeking	O
benefit	O
and	O
happiness	O
for	O
the	O
entire	O
nation	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
reality	O
are	O
vulgar	O
villains	O
and	O
political	O
liars	O
who	O
seek	O
benefit	O
and	O
happiness	O
only	O
for	O
themselves	O
,	O
for	O
their	O
family	O
clan	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
small	O
clique	O
and	O
small	O
social	O
stratum	O
.	O


She	O
needs	O
a	O
strong	O
man	O
of	O
the	O
times	O
,	O
an	O
outstanding	O
revolutionary	O
and	O
politician	O
who	O
is	O
fully	O
focused	O
on	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
capable	O
of	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
nation	O
prosperous	O
and	O
strong	O
,	O
and	O
making	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
wealthy	O
and	O
happy	O
;	O
she	O
neither	O
needs	O
nor	O
accepts	O
those	O
shameless	O
opportunists	O
and	O
hoodlum	O
politicians	O
who	O
betray	O
and	O
sacrifice	O
the	O
political	O
and	O
economic	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
nation	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
for	O
themselves	O
,	O
their	O
own	O
family	O
clan	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
own	O
small	O
clique	O
and	O
small	O
social	O
stratum	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
sake	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
gratitude	O
or	O
resentment	O
,	O
prestige	O
,	O
and	O
interests	O
,	O
leaving	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
nation	O
and	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
to	O
suffer	O
loss	O
,	O
disaster	O
,	O
and	O
humiliation	O
.	O


She	O
needs	O
a	O
giant	O
of	O
the	O
times	O
and	O
an	O
outstanding	O
politician	O
who	O
spares	O
no	O
effort	O
in	O
performing	O
his	O
duty	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
nation	O
rise	O
and	O
stand	O
out	O
among	O
the	O
thicket	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
nations	O
,	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
to	O
proudly	O
live	O
in	O
happiness	O
and	O
harmony	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
with	O
heads	O
high	O
and	O
chests	O
out	O
;	O
she	O
neither	O
needs	O
nor	O
accepts	O
those	O
national	O
scum	O
and	O
common	O
enemies	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
for	O
themselves	O
,	O
their	O
own	O
family	O
clan	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
own	O
small	O
clique	O
and	O
small	O
social	O
stratum	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
sake	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
gratitude	O
or	O
resentment	O
,	O
prestige	O
,	O
and	O
interests	O
,	O
make	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
nation	O
and	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
inferior	O
or	O
second	B-ORDINAL
-	O
rate	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
look	O
throughout	O
history	O
and	O
count	O
the	O
heroes	O
.	O


The	O
history	O
and	O
reality	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
nation	O
and	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
can	O
tell	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
only	O
such	O
outstanding	O
revolutionaries	O
and	O
politicians	O
as	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
and	O
Zhou	B-PERSON
Enlai	I-PERSON
are	O
the	O
most	O
needed	O
,	O
most	O
qualified	O
,	O
most	O
outstanding	O
,	O
and	O
most	O
loyal	O
sons	O
for	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
nation	O
.	O


613305	O


In	O
Memory	O
of	O
Zhou	B-PERSON
Enlai	I-PERSON
:	O
Zhou	B-PERSON
Enlai	I-PERSON
was	O
Indeed	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Close	O
Comrade	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
arms	O


-LSB-	O
New	O
Philosophy	O
-RSB-	O


Zhou	B-PERSON
Enlai	I-PERSON
was	O
a	O
loyal	O
defender	O
and	O
implementer	O
of	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
Thought	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
sufficiently	O
proved	O
by	O
the	O
victory	O
of	O
the	O
4th	B-ORDINAL
Anti	O
-	O
"	O
Encirclement	O
"	O
campaign	O
,	O
the	O
victory	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Red	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
25000	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
li	I-EVENT
Long	I-EVENT
March	I-EVENT
,	O
the	O
victory	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Anti-Japanese	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
,	O
the	O
victory	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Liberation	I-EVENT
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
socialist	O
economic	O
construction	O
.	O


Some	O
say	O
that	O
Zhou	B-PERSON
Enlai	I-PERSON
followed	O
the	O
"	O
doctrine	O
of	O
the	O
mean	O
.	O
"	O


That	O
is	O
not	O
true	O
.	O


The	O
"	O
doctrine	O
of	O
the	O
mean	O
"	O
only	O
mechanically	O
implemented	O
the	O
"	O
mathematical	O
logic	O
"	O
theory	O
for	O
development	O
and	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
material	O
world	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
Zhou	B-PERSON
Enlai	I-PERSON
best	O
understood	O
and	O
mastered	O
the	O
"	O
Concept	O
on	O
People	O
"	O
of	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
Thought	O
,	O
and	O
best	O
understood	O
and	O
mastered	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
"	O
The	O
Development	O
of	O
Human	O
Society	O
"	O
of	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
Thought	O
that	O
focuses	O
on	O
"	O
events	O
,	O
not	O
people	O
"	O
in	O
transforming	O
human	O
society	O
.	O


In	O
politics	O
,	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
wanted	O
to	O
transform	O
people	O
's	O
ideology	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
to	O
destroy	O
people	O
.	O


Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
dealt	O
with	O
those	O
comrades	O
in	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
who	O
committed	O
blunders	O
by	O
"	O
learning	O
from	O
past	O
mistakes	O
to	O
avoid	O
future	O
errors	O
,	O
and	O
curing	O
the	O
sickness	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
patient	O
;	O
"	O
he	O
treated	O
KMT	B-NORP
war	O
prisoners	O
by	O
transforming	O
them	O
.	O


Ever	O
since	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
leadership	O
position	O
in	O
the	O
Red	B-ORG
Army	I-ORG
and	O
Party	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
was	O
established	O
at	O
the	B-EVENT
Zunyi	I-EVENT
Conference	I-EVENT
,	O
Zhou	B-PERSON
Enlai	I-PERSON
had	O
always	O
been	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
close	O
assistant	O
.	O


Zhou	B-PERSON
Enlai	I-PERSON
accurately	O
understood	O
and	O
mastered	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
Thought	O
.	O


He	O
protected	O
many	O
comrades	O
and	O
democratic	O
personages	O
from	O
brutal	O
attacks	O
and	O
persecutions	O
during	O
the	B-EVENT
Cultural	I-EVENT
Revolution	I-EVENT
.	O


Zhou	B-PERSON
Enlai	I-PERSON
%pw	O
sincerely	O
implemented	O
diplomatic	O
guidelines	O
and	O
the	O
blueprint	O
for	O
constructing	O
the	O
"	O
Four	B-CARDINAL
Modernizations	O
"	O
proposed	O
by	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
.	O


Zhou	B-PERSON
Enlai	I-PERSON
was	O
approved	O
of	O
and	O
supported	O
by	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
and	O
was	O
loved	O
by	O
the	O
general	O
populace	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


He	O
gave	O
his	O
all	O
until	O
his	O
heart	O
ceased	O
to	O
beat	O
.	O


Li	B-PERSON
Xiannian	I-PERSON
once	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
We	O
often	O
say	O
that	O
we	O
must	O
serve	O
the	O
people	O
with	O
heart	O
and	O
soul	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
heart	O
and	O
soul	O
?	O


In	O
my	O
opinion	O
,	O
Comrade	O
Enlai	B-PERSON
is	O
an	O
example	O
for	O
us	O
.	O
"	O


Deng	B-PERSON
Xiaoping	I-PERSON
once	O
said	O
that	O
during	O
the	B-EVENT
Cultural	I-EVENT
Revolution	I-EVENT
,	O
because	O
of	O
"	O
the	O
prestige	O
of	O
Chairman	O
Mao	B-PERSON
,	O
Premier	O
Zhou	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
other	O
older	O
generation	O
leaders	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
an	O
'	O
all	O
-	O
out	O
civil	O
war	O
'	O
was	O
said	O
to	O
have	O
occurred	O
,	O
real	O
civil	O
war	O
did	O
not	O
occur	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
fight	O
.	O
"	O


"	O
We	O
will	O
learn	O
from	O
his	O
absolute	O
loyalty	O
to	O
Marxism	O
,	O
Leninism	O
,	O
and	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
Thought	O
.	O
"	O


Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
Thought	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
valuable	O
spiritual	O
wealth	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


Zhou	B-PERSON
Enlai	I-PERSON
established	O
an	O
example	O
for	O
us	O
through	O
his	O
accurate	O
understanding	O
and	O
mastery	O
of	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
Thought	O
,	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
Thought	O
.	O


Zhou	B-PERSON
Enlai	I-PERSON
was	O
a	O
great	O
Marxist	B-NORP
!	O


Zhou	B-PERSON
Enlai	I-PERSON
was	O
indeed	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
close	O
comrade	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
arms	O
!	O


Welcome	O
to	O
log	O
on	O
to	O
my	O
blog	O
:	O
xzx620521.blogcn.com	O
and	O
http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/1265687602	O
or	O
search	O
for	O
"	O
subjective	O
four	B-CARDINAL
-	O
dimensional	O
materialism	O
"	O
and	O
look	O
for	O
my	O
related	O
thesis	O
"	O
Exploration	B-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
Philosophy	I-WORK_OF_ART
------	O
.	O
"	O


Email	O
address	O
:	O
xzx...@sina.com	O


Note	O
:	O
I	O
would	O
appreciate	O
if	O
you	O
would	O
contact	O
me	O
to	O
reprint	O
or	O
publish	O
my	O
article	O
selections	O
.	O


Does	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Weiying	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
misinterpretation	O
of	O
revolution	O
harbor	O
malicious	O
intent	O
?	O


613305	O


-LSB-	O
＊Lingtai	O
Shanyin＊	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
interview	O
with	O
Professor	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Weiying	I-PERSON
that	O
I	O
read	O
recently	O
,	O
when	O
I	O
read	O
Professor	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
's	O
understanding	O
of	O
revolution	O
,	O
I	O
felt	O
deeply	O
worried	O
-	O
deeply	O
worried	O
for	O
Beijing	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
deeply	O
worried	O
for	O
some	O
outstanding	O
contemporary	O
youth	O
,	O
and	O
deeply	O
worried	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
oppose	O
the	O
whole	O
class	O
struggle	O
thing	O
,	O
some	O
people	O
deny	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
Thought	O
,	O
but	O
today	B-DATE
,	O
with	O
democracy	O
making	O
progress	O
,	O
some	O
people	O
have	O
the	O
nerve	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
revolution	O
!!!	O


So	O
as	O
not	O
to	O
take	O
his	O
words	O
out	O
of	O
context	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
insofar	O
as	O
possible	O
cite	O
Professor	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
's	O
explanation	O
of	O
revolution	O
:	O


"	O
In	O
reality	O
,	O
'	O
the	O
way	O
'	O
-	O
or	O
we	O
can	O
call	O
it	O
'	O
reason	O
'	O
-	O
has	O
quite	O
a	O
complex	O
relationship	O
with	O
the	O
law	O
.	O


What	O
we	O
call	O
'	O
reason	O
'	O
involves	O
looking	O
at	O
what	O
you	O
do	O
to	O
see	O
whether	O
it	O
creates	O
value	O
for	O
society	O
.	O


'	O
Reason	O
'	O
is	O
above	O
'	O
law	O
'	O
:	O
reasonable	O
things	O
have	O
a	O
natural	O
validity	O
;	O
lawmaking	O
should	O
be	O
carried	O
out	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
demands	O
of	O
reason	O
;	O
unreasonable	O
laws	O
are	O
not	O
correct	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
both	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
and	O
now	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
reversals	O
of	O
the	O
natural	O
order	O
between	O
law	O
and	O
reason	O
;	O
thus	O
making	O
it	O
hard	O
to	O
judge	O
if	O
a	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
"	O
illegal	O
"	O
thing	O
is	O
also	O
unreasonable	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
when	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
revolution	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
precisely	O
the	O
most	O
idealistic	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
willing	O
to	O
sacrifice	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


Why	O
sacrifice	O
their	O
lives	O
?	O


Because	O
it	O
was	O
illegal	O
.	O


Or	O
take	O
bribery	O
for	O
example	O
.	O


When	O
someone	O
is	O
being	O
blackmailed	O
,	O
he	O
hands	O
over	O
the	O
money	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
bribery	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
say	O
that	O
his	O
doing	O
that	O
is	O
wrong	O
:	O
at	O
least	O
he	O
deserves	O
our	O
empathy	O
.	O
"	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
In	O
human	O
history	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
clear	O
standard	O
for	O
good	O
and	O
evil	O
,	O
righteousness	O
and	O
iniquity	O
,	O
advances	O
and	O
reversals	O
,	O
glory	O
and	O
shame	O
,	O
progress	O
and	O
reaction	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O


This	O
standard	O
is	O
:	O


Things	O
that	O
are	O
for	O
the	O
majority	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
masses	O
of	O
people	O
,	O
for	O
altruism	O
are	O
good	O
,	O
righteous	O
,	O
progressive	O
,	O
glorious	O
,	O
advanced	O
.	O


Things	O
that	O
are	O
for	O
the	O
minority	O
,	O
against	O
the	O
people	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
serving	O
are	O
bad	O
,	O
unrighteous	O
,	O
shameful	O
,	O
reactionary	O
.	O


Revolution	O
is	O
clearly	O
a	O
thing	O
for	O
the	O
majority	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
masses	O
of	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
altruistic	O
;	O
therefore	O
revolution	O
is	O
good	O
,	O
righteous	O
,	O
progressive	O
,	O
glorious	O
and	O
advanced	O
!	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
Law	O
has	O
a	O
clear	O
class	O
character	O
;	O
bourgeois	O
reason	O
makes	O
no	O
sense	O
for	O
proletarian	O
law	O
.	O


And	O
proletarian	O
reason	O
makes	O
no	O
sense	O
for	O
bourgeois	O
law	O
!	O


On	O
major	O
issues	O
of	O
principle	O
,	O
lawmaking	O
starts	O
with	O
the	O
protection	O
of	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
a	O
particular	O
class	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
that	O
'	O
reason	O
'	O
tops	O
'	O
law	O
'	O
:	O
rational	O
things	O
have	O
a	O
natural	O
validity	O
;	O
so	O
the	O
making	O
of	O
laws	O
should	O
be	O
carried	O
out	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
reason	O
,	O
and	O
irrational	O
laws	O
are	O
wrong	O
.	O
"	O


This	O
kind	O
of	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
"	O
reason	O
"	O
ignores	O
the	O
class	O
nature	O
of	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
great	O
theoretician	O
Professor	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
classic	O
example	O
of	O
malicious	O
intent	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
Professor	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
purpose	O
in	O
his	O
misinterpretation	O
of	O
revolution	O
and	O
his	O
ignoring	O
the	O
class	O
nature	O
of	O
law	O
?	O


1.	B-CARDINAL
He	O
misinterprets	O
revolution	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
confuse	O
good	O
and	O
evil	O
,	O
righteousness	O
and	O
iniquity	O
,	O
advances	O
and	O
reversals	O
,	O
glory	O
and	O
shame	O
,	O
progress	O
and	O
reaction	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
advance	O
some	O
unnamable	O
theories	O
.	O


2.	B-CARDINAL
He	O
ignores	O
the	O
class	O
nature	O
of	O
law	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
enact	O
laws	O
that	O
harm	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
masses	O
of	O
workers	O
and	O
peasants	O
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
Professor	B-PERSON
Zhang	I-PERSON
may	O
have	O
greatly	O
miscalculated	O
.	O


-LSB-	O
CJPT	O
-RSB-	O
Roach	B-PERSON
:	O
Risk	O
Capital	O
Will	O
Be	O
the	O
Next	O
Bubble	O
.	O


Cnews	B-ORG


Poster	O
:	O
Cnews	B-ORG
-LRB-	O
chinanews	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
,	O
Section	O
:	O
BusinessNews	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Topic	O
:	O
-LSB-	O
CJPT	O
-RSB-	O
Roach	O
:	O
Risk	O
Capital	O
Will	O
Be	O
the	O
Next	O
Bubble	O
.	O


Posting	O
station	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
-LRB-	O
Mon	B-DATE
Jan	I-DATE
22	I-DATE
21:09:59	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Dump	O
.	O


□	O
Morgan	B-ORG
Stanley	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
leading	O
economist	O
,	O
Stephen	B-PERSON
Roach	I-PERSON
.	O


Several	B-CARDINAL
major	O
lessons	O
of	O
2006	B-DATE
rather	O
reasonably	O
explain	O
the	O
main	O
developing	O
trends	O
in	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
markets	O
,	O
namely	O
that	O
the	O
current	O
situation	O
in	O
the	O
financial	O
markets	O
embodies	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
all	O
these	O
developments	O
interacting	O
with	O
one	O
another	O
.	O


In	O
particular	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
era	O
of	O
excess	O
current	O
capital	O
,	O
risk	O
capital	O
high	O
-	O
income	O
company	O
bonds	O
,	O
structural	O
credit	O
products	O
,	O
emerging	O
market	O
securities	O
and	O
even	O
staple	O
commodities	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
next	O
bubble	O
.	O


Global	O
rebalancing	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
topic	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
spent	O
much	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
trying	O
to	O
get	O
people	O
to	O
be	O
concerned	O
about	O
.	O


To	O
put	O
it	O
simply	O
,	O
the	O
rebalancing	O
theory	O
holds	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
gap	O
between	O
countries	O
with	O
trade	O
surpluses	O
and	O
deficits	O
continues	O
to	O
expand	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
harm	O
the	O
sustained	O
growth	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
economy	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
regular	O
account	O
deficits	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
averaged	O
more	O
than	O
800	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
annually	O
;	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
accepted	O
nearly	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
earned	O
surplus	O
reserve	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
other	O
countries	O
,	O
the	O
equivalent	O
of	O
needing	O
to	O
bring	O
in	O
some	B-MONEY
35	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
per	O
average	O
business	O
day	O
in	O
outside	O
financial	O
burden	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
nutshell	O
,	O
the	O
rebalancing	O
plan	O
the	O
world	O
so	O
urgently	O
needs	O
is	O
nothing	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
thorough	O
reshaping	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
savings	O
mix	O
-	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
an	O
improvement	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
savings	O
rate	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
stagnant	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
lessening	O
of	O
excessive	O
savings	O
in	O
other	O
countries	O
-LRB-	O
especially	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
and	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
-RRB-	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
savings	O
mix	O
does	O
not	O
change	O
,	O
the	O
rebalancing	O
theory	O
holds	O
that	O
the	O
situation	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
harmful	O
to	O
outside	O
financing	O
in	O
deficit	O
economic	O
systems	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
this	O
will	O
augur	O
low	O
exchange	O
rates	O
for	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
dollar	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
expansion	O
of	O
effective	O
interest	O
rates	O
on	O
U.S.	B-GPE
-	O
dollar	O
capital	O
.	O


But	O
this	O
did	O
not	O
happen	O
in	O
2006	B-DATE
.	O


Although	O
as	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
approached	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
dollar	O
dropped	O
somewhat	O
,	O
and	O
effective	O
interest	O
rates	O
continued	O
to	O
climb	O
,	O
this	O
movement	O
was	O
still	O
very	O
far	O
from	O
the	O
radical	O
adjustments	O
predicted	O
by	O
the	O
framework	O
of	O
the	O
rebalancing	O
theory	O
.	O


This	O
phenomenon	O
has	O
two	B-CARDINAL
possible	O
explanations	O
:	O
one	B-CARDINAL
is	O
that	O
other	O
factors	O
cropped	O
up	O
and	O
intervened	O
;	O
the	O
other	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
theory	O
basically	O
does	O
not	O
stand	O
up	O
.	O


I	O
choose	O
the	O
former	O
;	O
I	O
believe	O
the	O
reason	O
lies	O
in	O
the	O
prolongation	O
of	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
excess	O
current	O
capital	O
worldwide	O
and	O
the	O
policy	O
of	O
central	O
banks	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
and	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
of	O
buying	O
up	O
U.S.	B-GPE
dollars	O
.	O


So	O
long	O
as	O
these	O
forces	O
are	O
in	O
play	O
,	O
the	O
effects	O
on	O
financial	O
markets	O
recognized	O
by	O
the	O
rebalancing	O
theory	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
softened	O
.	O


Globalized	O
tracks	O
.	O


Last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
was	O
an	O
important	O
milestone	O
in	O
the	O
globalization	O
process	O
.	O


Benefiting	O
from	O
an	O
acceleration	O
in	O
the	O
pace	O
of	O
transnational	O
integration	O
,	O
global	O
trade	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
accounted	O
for	O
a	O
record	O
-	O
setting	O
30	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
plus	I-PERCENT
of	O
global	O
GDP	O
in	O
2006	B-DATE
.	O


From	B-DATE
1998	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
2006	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
global	O
trade	O
accounted	O
for	O
fully	O
42	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
overall	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
total	O
output	O
value	O
.	O


This	O
kind	O
of	O
trade	O
concentration	O
has	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
a	O
huge	O
macroeconomic	O
impact	O
on	O
global	O
growth	O
.	O


The	O
rapidly	O
exploding	O
supply	O
of	O
goods	O
and	O
services	O
from	O
low	O
-	O
production	O
-	O
cost	O
developing	O
countries	O
is	O
equivalent	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
function	O
to	O
a	O
strong	O
anti-inflationary	O
counterblast	O
blowing	O
on	O
the	O
developed	O
world	O
.	O


Despite	O
rapid	O
rises	O
in	O
energy	O
costs	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
estimated	O
that	O
in	O
2006	B-DATE
the	O
CPI	O
inflation	O
rate	O
in	O
the	O
industrialized	O
countries	O
was	O
only	O
24	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
inflation	O
levels	O
in	O
2005	B-DATE
,	O
which	O
were	O
affected	O
by	O
energy	O
factors	O
,	O
but	O
each	O
year	O
's	O
"	O
core	O
"	O
elements	O
did	O
not	O
change	O
much	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
labor	O
and	O
product	O
markets	O
in	O
most	O
large	O
industrial	O
nations	O
are	O
gradually	O
improving	O
,	O
sustained	O
low	O
inflation	O
is	O
increasingly	O
becoming	O
a	O
global	O
force	O
,	O
exerting	O
an	O
effective	O
counterbalance	O
effect	O
on	O
internal	O
pressures	O
that	O
have	O
always	O
contributed	O
to	O
inflation	O
in	O
developed	O
countries	O
.	O


U.S.	B-NORP
Real	O
Estate	O
Bubble	O
Shock	O
.	O


Like	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
bubble	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
another	O
prime	O
-	O
assets	O
bubble	O
burst	O
in	O
2006	B-DATE
;	O
this	O
time	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
huge	O
U.S.	B-NORP
real	O
estate	O
bubble	O
.	O


Just	O
as	O
the	O
bursting	O
of	O
the	O
2000	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
01	I-DATE
stock	O
market	O
bubble	O
led	O
to	O
mild	O
collapse	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
worried	O
that	O
people	O
are	O
discarding	O
too	O
quickly	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
a	O
similar	O
situation	O
occurring	O
in	O
2007	B-DATE
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
adjustment	O
of	O
the	O
housing	O
market	O
has	O
just	O
begun	O
;	O
taking	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
workers	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-NORP
home	O
construction	O
industry	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
,	O
current	O
figures	O
are	O
only	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
below	O
the	O
cumulative	O
increase	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
over-indebted	O
American	B-NORP
consumers	O
with	O
their	O
insufficient	O
savings	O
are	O
using	O
their	O
increasingly	O
overvalued	O
houses	O
to	O
support	O
their	O
excessive	O
consumption	O
;	O
and	O
now	O
housing	O
prices	O
are	O
turning	O
soft	O
,	O
people	O
are	O
losing	O
their	O
rights	O
to	O
redeem	O
their	O
mortgage	O
,	O
and	O
consumer	O
demand	O
will	O
face	O
greater	O
pressures	O
.	O


Third	B-ORDINAL
,	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
dim	O
outlook	O
for	O
housing	O
and	O
consumer	O
markets	O
and	O
high	O
sensitivity	O
to	O
forecasts	O
of	O
ultimate	O
market	O
demand	O
,	O
capital	O
expenditure	O
plans	O
may	O
slacken	O
;	O
orders	O
for	O
core	O
capital	O
products	O
declined	O
consecutively	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
December	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2006	I-DATE
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
adjustment	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
may	O
already	O
be	O
under	O
way	O
.	O


Just	O
like	O
the	O
stock	O
market	O
bubble	O
six	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
widespread	O
public	O
opinion	O
holds	O
that	O
any	O
damage	O
done	O
by	O
the	O
recent	O
asset	O
bubble	O
will	O
be	O
kept	O
within	O
the	O
U.S.	B-NORP
housing	O
construction	O
industry	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
classic	O
example	O
of	O
not	O
learning	O
our	O
lesson	O
.	O


The	O
Staple	O
Commodities	O
Cycle	O
.	O


The	O
view	O
that	O
commodity	O
markets	O
have	O
supercycles	O
ran	O
into	O
a	O
serious	O
challenge	O
in	O
2006	B-DATE
.	O


Oil	O
prices	O
slipped	O
by	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
25	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
from	O
their	O
mid-July	B-DATE
peak	O
and	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
natural	O
gas	O
fell	O
by	O
more	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
prices	O
for	O
major	O
metals	O
like	O
copper	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
sensitive	O
to	O
economic	O
trends	O
,	O
showed	O
signs	O
of	O
weakening	O
at	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
main	O
premise	O
of	O
the	O
supercycle	O
theory	O
hangs	O
on	O
an	O
extremely	O
reliable	O
shortage	O
of	O
staple	O
commodities	O
;	O
this	O
shortage	O
was	O
created	O
because	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
odd	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
shortage	O
of	O
capital	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
building	O
new	O
capacity	O
for	O
acquisition	O
and	O
processing	O
.	O


Whereas	O
the	O
advance	O
of	O
globalization	O
will	O
spur	O
sources	O
of	O
new	O
demand	O
from	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
India	B-GPE
and	O
other	O
commodity	O
-	O
intensive	O
economic	O
systems	O
,	O
asymmetry	O
between	O
supply	O
and	O
increasingly	O
fierce	O
demand	O
causes	O
exponents	O
of	O
supercycles	O
to	O
issue	O
the	O
highest	O
commodity	O
price	O
forecasts	O
in	O
history	O
.	O


In	O
my	O
view	O
,	O
this	O
does	O
not	O
give	O
adequate	O
consideration	O
to	O
latent	O
demand	O
cycles	O
in	O
commodity	O
markets	O
.	O


The	O
American	B-NORP
real	O
estate	O
market	O
shock	O
is	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
this	O
;	O
a	O
sluggish	O
market	O
will	O
cause	O
demand	O
for	O
many	O
materials	O
sensitive	O
to	O
the	O
homebuilding	O
industry	O
to	O
drop	O
sharply	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
real	O
demand	O
cycle	O
may	O
depend	O
on	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
an	O
economic	O
system	O
that	O
accounts	O
only	O
for	O
approximately	B-PERCENT
5	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
GDP	O
,	O
but	O
whose	O
increased	O
consumption	O
of	O
oil	O
and	O
key	O
metals	O
accounted	O
for	O
fully	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
total	O
global	O
growth	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


Influenced	O
by	O
the	O
slowing	O
of	O
exports	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
combined	O
with	O
the	O
deliberate	O
cool	O
-	O
down	O
in	O
the	O
overheated	O
investment	O
sector	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
growth	O
will	O
slow	O
next	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
.	O


These	O
demand	O
factors	O
will	O
be	O
adequate	O
to	O
deliver	O
a	O
decisive	O
blow	O
to	O
the	O
supercycle	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
supply	O
-	O
driven	O
commodity	O
market	O
.	O


But	O
will	O
the	O
lessons	O
of	O
2006	B-DATE
be	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
success	O
in	O
2007	B-DATE
?	O


Of	O
course	O
things	O
are	O
not	O
as	O
simple	O
as	O
that	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
undoubtedly	O
draw	O
some	O
important	O
lessons	O
and	O
tips	O
from	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
economy	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
another	O
important	O
thing	O
here	O
;	O
I	O
still	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
main	O
engines	O
driving	O
global	O
growth	O
will	O
slow	O
down	O
under	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
burst	O
real	O
estate	O
bubble	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
the	O
cool	O
-	O
down	O
in	O
investments	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Even	O
though	O
I	O
do	O
not	O
believe	O
the	O
global	O
economy	O
is	O
in	O
for	O
a	O
hard	O
landing	O
,	O
if	O
global	O
growth	O
slips	O
one	B-CARDINAL
percentage	O
point	O
below	O
the	O
average	O
of	O
49	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
for	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
will	O
not	O
think	O
it	O
unexpected	O
.	O


My	O
greatest	O
concern	O
is	O
that	O
people	O
continue	O
to	O
treat	O
lightly	O
the	O
continually	O
booming	O
risk	O
assets	O
markets	O
;	O
they	O
include	O
high	O
-	O
yield	O
corporate	O
bonds	O
,	O
institutional	O
credit	O
products	O
,	O
emerging	O
market	O
securities	O
and	O
even	O
staple	O
commodities	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
next	O
bubble	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
stock	O
and	O
real	O
estate	O
markets	O
,	O
the	O
economy	O
tells	O
us	O
that	O
the	O
extreme	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
asset	O
markets	O
can	O
always	O
last	O
longer	O
than	O
we	O
anticipate	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
excess	O
current	O
capital	O
,	O
but	O
if	O
the	O
risk	O
assets	O
bubble	O
lasts	O
another	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
may	O
cause	O
more	O
problems	O
.	O


--	O


*	O
Revision	O
:	O
・	O
Cnews	O
on	O
Jan	O
22	O
21:10:06	O
Revised	O
text	O
・	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
219.142.	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
・	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
mitbbs.com	O
・	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
219.142.	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
is	O
Capable	O
of	O
withstanding	O
the	O
Impacts	O
Brought	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
by	O
US	B-GPE
Economic	O
Recession	O
.	O


buabua	B-PERSON


Poster	O
:	O
buabua	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
hj	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Area	O
:	O
BusinessNews	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Title	O
:	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
Capable	O
of	O
withstanding	O
the	O
Impacts	O
Brought	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
by	O
US	B-GPE
Economic	O
Recession	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
is	O
Capable	O
of	O
withstanding	O
the	O
Impacts	O
Brought	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
by	O
US	B-GPE
Economic	O
Recession	O
.	O


http://web.wenxuecity.com/BBSViewphp?SubID=currentevent&MsgID=159556	O
.	O


Source	O
:	O
changbaishan	B-PERSON
,	O
Jan	B-DATE
10	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2007	I-DATE
12:58:27	B-TIME
AM	I-TIME
.	O


China	B-GPE
is	O
Capable	O
of	O
withstanding	O
the	O
Impacts	O
Brought	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
by	O
US	B-GPE
Economic	O
Recession	O
.	O


Following	O
the	O
recession	O
in	O
2001	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
economy	O
has	O
entered	O
into	O
"	O
soft	O
-	O
landing	O
"	O
adjustment	O
after	O
five	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
continuous	O
expansion	O
.	O


Some	O
expect	O
that	O
in	O
2007	B-DATE
the	O
US	B-GPE
economic	O
growth	O
rate	O
will	O
drop	O
to	O
1.9	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
2.5	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
,	O
the	O
interest	O
rate	O
will	O
drop	O
to	O
4	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
,	O
and	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
dollar	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
depreciate	O
.	O


Once	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
economy	O
is	O
in	O
recession	O
,	O
will	O
impacts	O
will	O
it	O
bring	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
?	O


And	O
what	O
measures	O
will	O
China	B-GPE
take	O
in	O
response	O
?	O


These	O
are	O
questions	O
worth	O
pondering	O
upon	O
.	O


Pressure	O
brought	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
economic	O
recession	O
.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
is	O
the	O
powerhouse	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
and	O
the	O
largest	O
international	O
market	O
.	O


The	O
USD$	B-MONEY
800	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
annual	O
trade	O
deficit	O
indicates	O
global	O
exports	O
are	O
heavily	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
is	O
our	O
No.	O
2	B-CARDINAL
trade	O
partner	O
,	O
No.	O
1	B-CARDINAL
export	O
market	O
,	O
No.	O
6	B-CARDINAL
import	O
source	O
,	O
and	O
No.	O
3	B-CARDINAL
technology	O
import	O
source	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
total	O
export	O
value	O
was	O
USD	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
875	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
from	O
January	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
November	I-DATE
2006	I-DATE
,	O
of	O
which	O
21	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
was	O
export	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


Plus	O
the	O
portion	O
re-exported	O
from	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
,	O
export	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
accounted	O
for	O
over	O
35	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
total	O
Chinese	B-NORP
export	O
value	O
.	O


Export	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
shipping	O
,	O
low	O
-	O
end	O
electronics	O
,	O
furniture	O
,	O
textiles	O
and	O
artware	O
could	O
all	O
be	O
affected	O
should	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
experience	O
economic	O
recession	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
other	O
developing	O
countries	O
in	O
Asia	B-LOC
are	O
major	O
suppliers	O
in	O
the	O
supply	O
chain	O
centered	O
around	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	O
supply	O
chain	O
is	O
driven	O
by	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
demand	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
slowdown	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
economy	O
represents	O
a	O
huge	O
pressure	O
for	O
the	O
entire	O
Asia	B-LOC
.	O


Some	O
expect	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
export	O
growth	O
rate	O
will	O
decrease	O
from	O
23	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
to	O
15	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
in	O
2007	B-DATE
.	O


If	O
the	O
government	O
sit	O
by	O
and	O
watch	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
economic	O
growth	O
rate	O
will	O
drop	O
3	B-PERCENT
-	I-PERCENT
4	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
.	O


China	B-GPE
is	O
fully	O
capable	O
of	O
withstanding	O
the	O
impacts	O
.	O


Regardless	O
of	O
the	O
accuracy	O
of	O
various	O
comments	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
must	O
be	O
prepared	O
to	O
cope	O
with	O
the	O
US	B-NORP
economic	O
recession	O
.	O


Although	O
some	O
predictions	O
are	O
a	O
little	O
sensational	O
,	O
the	O
author	O
believes	O
the	O
US	B-NORP
economic	O
recession	O
this	O
time	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
very	O
severe	O
,	O
with	O
less	O
impacts	O
on	O
China	B-GPE
than	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O


By	O
taking	O
some	O
proactive	O
measures	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
economy	O
is	O
fully	O
capable	O
of	O
withstanding	O
such	O
impacts	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
current	O
situation	O
,	O
strong	O
domestic	O
investment	O
within	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
fully	O
compensated	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
decrease	O
in	O
net	O
export	O
.	O


The	O
appreciation	O
of	O
RMB	O
has	O
not	O
affected	O
export	O
either	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
decrease	O
in	O
volume	O
due	O
to	O
higher	O
prices	O
is	O
offset	O
by	O
increased	O
prices	O
.	O


Raw	O
materials	O
imported	O
take	O
a	O
large	O
percentage	O
in	O
the	O
costs	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
exports	O
.	O


The	O
appreciation	O
of	O
RMB	O
could	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
,	O
lower	O
costs	O
.	O


Additionally	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
term	O
,	O
RMB	O
slowly	O
edging	O
up	O
can	O
encourage	O
firms	O
to	O
use	O
advanced	O
international	O
technology	O
and	O
resources	O
.	O


The	O
government	O
may	O
support	O
export	O
,	O
especially	O
technological	O
upgrade	O
of	O
exports	O
,	O
by	O
such	O
ways	O
as	O
increasing	O
export	O
rebates	O
,	O
adopting	O
quicker	O
depreciation	O
,	O
removing	O
the	O
super-national	O
treatment	O
to	O
foreign	O
investments	O
.	O


It	O
can	O
be	O
expected	O
that	O
neither	O
the	O
appreciation	O
of	O
RMB	O
nor	O
the	O
global	O
economic	O
recession	O
will	O
seriously	O
impact	O
Chinese	B-NORP
export	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
be	O
exaggerating	O
to	O
say	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
70	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
dependent	O
on	O
foreign	O
trade	O
.	O


The	O
statistics	O
has	O
underestimated	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Gross	O
National	O
Product	O
-LRB-	O
GNP	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
especially	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
tertiary	O
sector	O
.	O


Converting	O
to	O
US	B-NORP
dollar	O
at	O
the	O
exchange	O
rate	O
has	O
also	O
underestimated	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
Gross	O
Domestic	O
Product	O
-LRB-	O
GDP	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


As	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
foreign	O
trade	O
is	O
processing	O
trade	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
overestimating	O
the	O
total	O
foreign	O
trade	O
to	O
count	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
repeatedly	O
.	O


The	O
author	O
estimates	O
that	O
our	O
country	O
actually	O
might	O
be	O
40	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
dependent	O
on	O
foreign	O
trade	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
magnify	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
dependence	O
on	O
export	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
.	O


Export	O
-	O
oriented	O
economic	O
growth	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
should	O
be	O
cooled	O
down	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
domestic	O
demand	O
and	O
import	O
should	O
be	O
promoted	O
.	O


Our	O
economic	O
growth	O
relies	O
primarily	O
on	O
the	O
domestic	O
market	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
increasingly	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
domestic	O
market	O
.	O


If	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
rapid	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
tertiary	O
sector	O
and	O
the	O
appreciation	O
of	O
RMB	O
are	O
taken	O
into	O
consideration	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
dependence	O
on	O
foreign	O
trade	O
can	O
be	O
controlled	O
at	O
around	B-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
in	O
the	O
long	O
run	O
.	O


Long	O
-	O
term	O
export	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
products	O
at	O
low	O
prices	O
will	O
lead	O
to	O
"	O
impoverished	O
wealth	O
growth	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
we	O
should	O
specially	O
understand	O
the	O
"	O
wealth	O
"	O
as	O
domestic	O
environmental	O
resources	O
.	O


Foreign	O
-	O
funded	O
processing	O
export	O
consumes	O
domestic	O
electricity	O
and	O
water	O
resources	O
substantially	O
.	O


The	O
environmental	O
costs	O
in	O
our	O
country	O
account	O
for	O
approximately	B-PERCENT
30	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
product	O
costs	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
not	O
incorporated	O
into	O
product	O
prices	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
primary	O
reason	O
why	O
Chinese	B-NORP
products	O
are	O
cheap	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
imperative	O
to	O
remove	O
the	O
environmental	O
subsidies	O
to	O
domestic	O
and	O
foreign	O
consumers	O
,	O
internalize	O
external	O
environmental	O
costs	O
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
products	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
and	O
increase	O
the	O
prices	O
of	O
most	O
products	O
,	O
including	O
exports	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
alleviate	O
international	O
trade	O
frictions	O
,	O
reduce	O
the	O
pressure	O
for	O
RMB	O
appreciation	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
particular	O
change	O
the	O
prospect	O
that	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
environmental	O
resources	O
will	O
seriously	O
deteriorate	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
population	O
is	O
huge	O
and	O
young	O
,	O
which	O
enables	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
economy	O
to	O
enjoy	O
the	O
"	O
population	O
dividends	O
.	O
"	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
savings	O
is	O
astoundingly	O
high	O
,	O
and	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
of	O
macroeconomic	O
balance	O
where	O
savings	O
equal	O
investments	O
,	O
the	O
huge	O
investments	O
have	O
become	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
speed	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
to	O
depress	O
the	O
consumption	O
rate	O
to	O
lower	B-PERCENT
than	I-PERCENT
40	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
will	O
certainly	O
lead	O
to	O
overproduction	O
,	O
and	O
cheap	O
goods	O
will	O
in	O
turn	O
impact	O
the	O
international	O
market	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
US	B-NORP
economic	O
recession	O
would	O
indeed	O
affect	O
our	O
export	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
necessarily	O
be	O
a	O
bad	O
thing	O
in	O
the	O
author	O
's	O
view	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
sense	O
,	O
domestic	O
demand	O
will	O
not	O
increase	O
unless	O
export	O
decreases	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
world	O
has	O
experienced	O
many	O
economic	O
crashes	O
,	O
affecting	O
countries	O
or	O
regions	O
such	O
as	O
Russia	B-GPE
,	O
Arab	B-LOC
,	O
Latin	B-LOC
America	I-LOC
and	O
East	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
US	B-GPE
also	O
suffered	O
stock	O
market	O
crash	O
in	O
2001	B-DATE
.	O


China	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
to	O
realize	O
economic	O
emergence	O
for	O
the	O
largest	O
population	O
in	O
the	O
history	O
.	O


Whenever	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
international	O
economic	O
recession	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
would	O
actively	O
expand	O
domestic	O
demand	O
to	O
create	O
market	O
for	O
different	O
countries	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
long	O
been	O
a	O
responsible	O
big	O
nation	O
,	O
playing	O
a	O
stabilizing	O
role	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
society	O
.	O


External	O
pressure	O
is	O
an	O
opportunity	O
for	O
internal	O
restructuring	O
.	O


Long	O
-	O
term	O
high	O
-	O
speed	O
growth	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
led	O
to	O
significant	O
wealth	O
growth	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
disequilibriums	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
:	O
too	O
much	O
savings	O
and	O
investments	O
and	O
insufficient	O
consumptions	O
;	O
heavy	O
investment	O
in	O
infrastructure	O
and	O
manufacturing	O
,	O
and	O
insufficient	O
investment	O
in	O
national	O
defense	O
,	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
education	O
,	O
health	O
,	O
environment	O
and	O
national	O
reserves	O
;	O
wider	O
income	O
gap	O
,	O
regional	O
gap	O
and	O
gap	O
between	O
urban	O
and	O
rural	O
areas	O
;	O
the	O
economy	O
has	O
become	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
US	B-NORP
market	O
to	O
some	O
extent	O
due	O
to	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
export	O
orientation	O
and	O
trade	O
surplus	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
;	O
and	O
environmental	O
resource	O
outflow	O
by	O
way	O
of	O
exporting	O
,	O
so	O
on	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
.	O


By	O
now	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
speed	O
growth	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
economy	O
has	O
entered	O
the	O
final	O
acceleration	O
period	O
that	O
will	O
span	O
over	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
decade	I-DATE
.	O


Beginning	O
2007	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
economic	O
aggregate	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
increase	O
sharply	O
by	O
150	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
"	O
historical	O
disequilibrium	O
development	O
"	O
predicted	O
by	O
Soros	B-PERSON
.	O


This	O
is	O
also	O
why	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
not	O
afraid	O
of	O
a	O
global	O
economic	O
crisis	O
and	O
capable	O
of	O
digesting	O
it	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
after	O
2020	B-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
will	O
be	O
facing	O
the	O
puzzle	O
of	O
population	O
aging	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
sure	O
to	O
witness	O
an	O
economic	O
slowdown	O
.	O


As	O
an	O
expectation	O
,	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
leading	O
overreactions	O
in	O
financial	O
and	O
real	O
estate	O
areas	O
by	O
around	B-DATE
2015	I-DATE
.	O


We	O
must	O
complete	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
tasks	O
in	O
this	O
period	O
,	O
including	O
system	O
restructuring	O
,	O
overcoming	O
the	O
financial	O
crisis	O
,	O
improving	O
national	O
defense	O
strength	O
,	O
safeguarding	O
national	O
security	O
,	O
realizing	O
technological	O
upgrade	O
and	O
protecting	O
the	O
environment	O
.	O


The	O
economic	O
growth	O
in	O
future	O
will	O
be	O
realized	O
primarily	O
through	O
technological	O
advancement	O
and	O
social	O
harmony	O
.	O


Within	O
these	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
sharply	O
grown	O
wealth	O
of	O
RMB?	B-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
trillion	I-MONEY
shall	O
be	O
used	O
effectively	O
in	O
areas	O
including	O
national	O
defense	O
,	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
,	O
environment	O
,	O
national	O
soil	O
renovation	O
,	O
and	O
adjusting	O
social	O
relations	O
.	O


It	O
wo	O
n't	O
do	O
to	O
rely	O
solely	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
mechanism	O
and	O
economic	O
strength	O
.	O


To	O
realize	O
,	O
there	O
should	O
also	O
be	O
a	O
correct	O
strategy	O
,	O
relying	O
upon	O
the	O
comprehensive	O
strength	O
of	O
the	O
culture	O
,	O
the	O
nation	O
and	O
the	O
society	O
.	O


Various	O
disequilibriums	O
in	O
the	O
rapid	O
growth	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
must	O
be	O
adjusted	O
.	O


From	O
this	O
perspective	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-NORP
economic	O
recession	O
imposes	O
external	O
pressure	O
on	O
the	O
economic	O
restructuring	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
opportunity	O
.	O


Whether	O
the	O
impacts	O
brought	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
by	O
the	O
US	B-NORP
economic	O
recession	O
can	O
be	O
resisted	O
and	O
the	O
impacts	O
on	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
can	O
be	O
alleviated	O
hinge	O
on	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
China	B-GPE
can	O
truly	O
expand	O
its	O
domestic	O
demand	O
.	O


The	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
may	O
see	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
economy	O
cooling	O
down	O
,	O
a	O
continuous	O
modest	O
rise	O
in	O
RMB	O
,	O
a	O
slowdown	O
in	O
the	O
speed	O
and	O
volume	O
of	O
export	O
growth	O
,	O
a	O
possible	O
decrease	O
in	O
trade	O
surplus	O
,	O
and	O
speculative	O
capital	O
and	O
the	O
real	O
estate	O
bubble	O
in	O
control	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
adjustments	O
from	O
disequilibriums	O
to	O
equilibriums	O
in	O
the	O
economic	O
relations	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
and	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
social	O
relations	O
within	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
·	O
BBS	O
Unknown	O
Space	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
·	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
72.92.	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


Yun	B-PERSON
Dan	I-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
Nuan	I-PERSON
:	O
Who	O
to	O
Look	O
into	O
the	O
Backroom	O
Deals	O
Behind	O
the	O
Privatization	O
of	O
State	O
-	O
owned	O
Shandong	B-ORG
Luneng	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
?	O


tangchaoZX	O


Poster	O
:	O
tangchaoZX	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
tangchaoZX	B-PERSON
-RRB-	O
Form	O
:	O
ChinaNews	B-ORG


Title	O
:	O
Yun	B-PERSON
Dan	I-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
Nuan	I-PERSON
:	O
Who	O
to	O
Look	O
into	O
the	O
Backroom	O
Deals	O
Behind	O
the	O
Privatization	O
of	O
State	O
-	O
owned	O
Shandong	B-ORG
Luneng	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
?	O


Poster	O
's	O
Site	O
:	O
mitBBS.com	O
BBS	O
-LRB-	O
Fri	B-DATE
Jan	I-DATE
19	I-DATE
16:24:53	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
-RRB-	O


Who	O
to	O
Look	O
into	O
the	O
Backroom	O
Deals	O
Behind	O
the	O
Privatization	O
of	O
State	O
-	O
owned	O
Shandong	B-ORG
Luneng	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
?	O


Yun	B-PERSON
Dan	I-PERSON
Shui	I-PERSON
Nuan	I-PERSON


As	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
2006	I-DATE
ended	O
,	O
so	O
did	O
a	O
big	O
hush	O
-	O
hush	O
"	O
deal	O
.	O
"	O


Caijing	B-ORG
Magazine	I-ORG
described	O
it	O
as	O
"	O
a	O
quiet	O
change	O
of	O
ownership	O
for	O
this	O
vast	O
business	O
empire	O
.	O
"	O


These	O
were	O
the	O
final	O
few	O
steps	O
as	O
Shandong	B-ORG
Luneng	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
"	O
completed	O
"	O
its	O
privatization	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
when	O
I	O
heard	O
the	O
big	O
name	O
of	O
Luneng	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
I	O
usually	O
would	O
link	O
it	O
with	O
soccer	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
never	O
expect	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
73.805	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
giant	O
.	O


Yet	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
privatization	O
of	O
this	O
giant	O
,	O
it	O
turns	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
fairy	O
tale	O
of	O
"	O
big	O
returns	O
on	O
a	O
tiny	O
outlay	O
"	O
once	O
again	O
played	O
itself	O
out	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
incredible	O
that	O
the	O
fairy	O
tale	O
once	O
again	O
played	O
itself	O
out	O
as	O
the	O
former	O
senior	O
managers	O
of	O
a	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
company	O
changed	O
in	O
the	O
blink	O
of	O
an	O
eye	O
into	O
the	O
"	O
bosses	O
"	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
private	O
"	O
company	O
.	O


Given	O
these	O
fairy	O
tales	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
ask	O
what	O
backroom	O
deals	O
there	O
were	O
behind	O
this	O
.	O


Behind	O
a	O
fairy	O
tale	O
there	O
must	O
be	O
backroom	O
deals	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
now	O
almost	O
an	O
undisputed	O
truth	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
never	O
been	O
a	O
money	O
fairy	O
or	O
goddess	O
of	O
wealth	O
who	O
gives	O
wealth	O
to	O
anyone	O
without	O
any	O
reason	O
.	O


Zhang	B-PERSON
Rongkun	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
main	O
player	O
in	O
the	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
social	O
insurance	O
case	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
"	O
new	O
"	O
company	O
that	O
was	O
just	O
registered	O
and	O
claimed	O
to	O
have	O
500	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
in	O
capital	O
,	O
was	O
nevertheless	O
able	O
to	O
acquire	O
the	O
99.35	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
stake	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-ORG
Luqiao	I-ORG
held	O
by	O
Shanghai	B-ORG
Chengtou	I-ORG
at	O
a	O
price	O
of	O
3.2	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


Gu	B-PERSON
Chujun	I-PERSON
,	O
with	O
a	O
mere	O
900	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
,	O
"	O
acquired	O
"	O
top	O
-	O
quality	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
assets	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
asset	O
value	O
of	O
13.6	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
backroom	O
deals	O
behind	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
revealed	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
entered	O
into	O
legal	O
procedures	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
privatization	O
process	O
of	O
Shandong	B-ORG
Luneng	I-ORG
is	O
also	O
bound	O
up	O
with	O
"	O
acquisition	O
.	O
"	O


And	O
in	O
2006	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
"	O
final	O
"	O
total	O
"	O
cost	O
"	O
of	O
this	O
acquisition	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
report	O
in	O
the	O
magazine	O
Caijing	B-ORG
,	O
was	O
3.73	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


It	O
was	O
described	O
by	O
some	O
as	O
"	O
3	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
buys	O
up	O
76	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
.	O
"	O


For	O
the	O
"	O
buyers	O
,	O
"	O
you	O
could	O
use	O
the	O
minute	O
probability	O
,	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
probability	O
such	O
as	O
winning	O
the	O
lottery	O
or	O
pie	O
falling	O
from	O
the	O
sky	O
as	O
an	O
analogy	O
.	O


This	O
means	O
backroom	O
deals	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
Caijing	B-WORK_OF_ART
report	O
,	O
Luneng	B-ORG
's	O
privatization	O
process	O
lasted	O
11	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
-LRB-	B-DATE
1995	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
2006	I-DATE
-RRB-	I-DATE
.	O


From	O
state	O
controlling	O
stake	O
→	O
employee	O
stock	O
ownership	O
with	O
state	O
investment	O
→	O
100	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
state	O
controlled	O
→	O
employee	O
stock	O
ownership	O
→	O
private	O
ownership	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
gone	O
through	O
five	B-CARDINAL
stages	O
.	O


Yet	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
process	O
,	O
the	O
real	O
inside	O
story	O
is	O
little	O
known	O
.	O


"	O
Sneak	O
into	O
the	O
village	O
;	O
do	O
n't	O
fire	O
the	O
guns	O
.	O
"	O


In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
final	O
stage	O
of	O
privatization	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
"	O
top	O
secret	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
magazine	O
Caijing	B-WORK_OF_ART
reports	O
:	O
"	O
The	O
names	O
of	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
'	O
new	O
owners	O
'	O
of	O
Luneng	B-ORG
were	O
once	O
called	O
'	O
the	O
top	O
secrets	O
of	O
top	O
secrets	O
'	O
among	O
a	O
very	O
small	O
circle	O
inside	O
Luneng	B-ORG
.	O


Now	O
it	O
is	O
exactly	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
mysterious	O
companies	O
,	O
whose	O
names	O
are	O
unknown	O
,	O
that	O
have	O
taken	O
over	O
absolute	O
stock	O
control	O
over	O
this	O
financial	O
conglomerate	O
.	O
"	O


Ordinary	O
people	O
would	O
think	O
that	O
since	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
former	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
company	O
with	O
huge	O
assets	O
that	O
is	O
connected	O
with	O
investment	O
and	O
operations	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
fields	O
and	O
connected	O
with	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
assets	O
of	O
enormous	O
value	O
,	O
every	O
step	O
of	O
its	O
changes	O
should	O
be	O
taken	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
day	O
,	O
completed	O
under	O
the	O
supervision	O
of	O
the	O
relevant	O
regulations	O
,	O
and	O
inspected	O
under	O
the	O
gaze	O
of	O
the	O
public	O
and	O
the	O
media	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
rule	O
-	O
abiding	O
,	O
reasonable	O
and	O
legal	O
,	O
then	O
why	O
fear	O
exposure	O
?	O
Why	O
all	O
in	O
secret	O
,	O
hidden	O
away	O
,	O
veiled	O
?	O


Only	O
if	O
you	O
know	O
you	O
have	O
done	O
something	O
dishonest	O
,	O
will	O
you	O
be	O
so	O
much	O
afraid	O
of	O
people	O
knowing	O
and	O
try	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
"	O
the	O
top	O
secret	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
secrets	O
.	O
"	O


Secondly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
at	O
the	O
recently	O
concluded	O
plenary	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Discipline	I-ORG
Inspection	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
they	O
required	O
and	O
emphasized	O
strict	O
monitoring	O
of	O
corrupt	O
practices	O
in	O
the	O
financial	O
sector	O
by	O
party	O
members	O
and	O
leading	O
cadres	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
assets	O
.	O


Luneng	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
former	O
chairman	O
Gao	B-PERSON
XX	I-PERSON
and	O
Luneng	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
former	O
director	O
-	O
general	O
Xu	B-PERSON
X	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
have	O
"	O
already	O
"	O
changed	O
into	O
"	O
private	O
entrepreneurs	O
,	O
"	O
"	O
continue	O
to	O
serve	O
their	O
former	O
posts	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
"	O
private	O
company	O
.	O
"	O


So	O
,	O
did	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Party	B-ORG
members	O
-LRB-	O
Gao	B-PERSON
XX	I-PERSON
previously	O
held	O
the	O
positions	O
of	O
chief	O
of	O
the	O
Shandong	B-GPE
Linyi	B-GPE
administrative	O
office	O
,	O
deputy	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
electrical	O
utility	O
bureau	O
,	O
assistant	O
to	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
Shandong	B-GPE
electricity	O
bureau	O
,	O
and	O
general	O
manager	O
and	O
party	O
secretary	O
of	O
Shandong	B-ORG
Luneng	I-ORG
Stock	I-ORG
Controlling	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
.	O
Having	O
gone	O
through	O
all	O
of	O
Luneng	B-ORG
's	O
stock	O
transfers	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
still	O
currently	O
the	O
chairman	O
of	O
Luneng	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
.	O
Xu	B-PERSON
X	I-PERSON
has	O
served	O
as	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
electrical	O
utility	O
bureau	O
of	O
Linyi	B-GPE
,	O
Shandong	B-GPE
.	O
In	O
about	B-DATE
2003	I-DATE
he	O
first	O
entered	O
the	O
headquarters	O
of	O
Luneng	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
as	O
vice	O
president	O
assigned	O
to	O
manage	O
property	O
operations	O
,	O
after	O
which	O
he	O
was	O
very	O
quickly	O
promoted	O
to	O
the	O
president	O
of	O
Luneng	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
the	O
series	O
of	O
mysterious	O
stock	O
deals	O
at	O
Luneng	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
carry	O
out	O
the	O
unshirkable	O
duties	O
which	O
the	O
party	B-ORG
members	O
should	O
undertake	O
regarding	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
assets	O
and	O
the	O
public	O
interest	O
in	O
strict	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
CPC	B-ORG
Charter	O
and	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
's	O
strict	O
discipline	O
?	O


Did	O
they	O
seek	O
private	O
gains	O
for	O
a	O
small	O
group	O
or	O
for	O
themselves	O
?	O


If	O
it	O
was	O
all	O
above	O
board	O
,	O
they	O
should	O
submit	O
a	O
report	O
to	O
the	O
party	O
organization	O
on	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
their	O
transformation	O
from	O
the	O
senior	O
management	O
cadres	O
of	O
a	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
company	O
into	O
"	O
private	O
entrepreneurs	O
"	O
and	O
even	O
announce	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O


Thirdly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
1998	B-DATE
audit	O
report	O
,	O
when	O
Shandong	B-GPE
Luneng	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
was	O
first	O
established	O
in	O
1995	B-DATE
,	O
it	O
had	O
150	B-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	O
registered	O
capital	O
,	O
and	O
operational	O
assets	O
of	O
2.6	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
.	O


A	O
more	O
concrete	O
image	O
is	O
"	O
just	O
five	B-CARDINAL
people	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
office	O
"	O
expanding	O
at	O
an	O
unimaginable	O
speed	O
in	O
just	O
11	B-DATE
short	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
into	O
Shandong	B-GPE
's	O
73.805	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
giant	O
,	O
incorporating	O
coal	O
-	O
fired	O
power	O
stations	O
,	O
mining	O
,	O
real	O
estate	O
,	O
engineering	O
and	O
construction	O
,	O
finance	O
and	O
sports	O
clubs	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
process	O
,	O
where	O
did	O
Luneng	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
get	O
its	O
assets	O
and	O
opportunities	O
for	O
expansion	O
?	O


Luneng	B-ORG
's	O
background	O
and	O
Luneng	B-ORG
's	O
"	O
birth	O
"	O
are	O
inseparable	O
from	O
the	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
monopoly	O
of	O
the	O
electricity	O
industry	O
.	O


The	O
electricity	O
industry	O
has	O
huge	O
assets	O
and	O
occupies	O
a	O
market	O
position	O
of	O
natural	O
monopoly	O
.	O


During	O
Luneng	B-ORG
's	O
rapid	O
expansion	O
,	O
how	O
much	O
"	O
blood	O
"	O
it	O
actually	O
extracted	O
from	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
assets	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
"	O
cloudy	O
issue	O
.	O
"	O


What	O
's	O
the	O
idea	O
with	O
scrambling	O
to	O
"	O
complete	O
"	O
privatization	O
before	O
this	O
issue	O
is	O
cleared	O
up	O
,	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
and	O
announced	O
to	O
the	O
media	O
?	O


Fourthly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
it	O
's	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
private	O
"	O
companies	O
"	O
that	O
finally	O
"	O
assumed	O
ownership	O
"	O
of	O
Luneng	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
,	O
Guoyuan	B-ORG
Union	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
and	O
Shouda	B-ORG
Nengyuan	I-ORG
Energy	I-ORG
Co.	I-ORG
--	O
according	O
to	O
descriptions	O
in	O
the	O
media	O
,	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
can	O
be	O
called	O
"	O
low	O
profile	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
mysterious	O
.	O
"	O


If	O
it	O
was	O
an	O
open	O
and	O
above	O
-	O
board	O
"	O
assumption	O
of	O
ownership	O
,	O
"	O
then	O
why	O
the	O
"	O
mystery	O
?	O
"	O
Why	O
the	O
"	O
low	O
profile	O
?	O
"	O


According	O
to	O
reports	O
,	O
the	O
origins	O
,	O
backgrounds	O
and	O
sources	O
of	O
capital	O
for	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
companies	O
are	O
completely	O
beyond	O
comprehension	O
.	O


Is	O
it	O
possible	O
that	O
by	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
"	O
buying	O
from	O
yourself	O
"	O
process	O
they	O
have	O
embezzled	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
assets	O
?	O


Fifthly	B-ORDINAL
,	O
the	O
departments	O
supervising	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
assets	O
and	O
the	O
electricity	O
industry	O
are	O
SASAC	B-ORG
and	O
SERC	B-ORG
,	O
respectively	O
.	O


But	O
with	O
Shandong	B-GPE
Luneng	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
undergoing	O
such	O
enormous	O
changes	O
,	O
they	O
say	O
they	O
"	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
.	O
"	O


They	O
say	O
,	O
"	O
We	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
received	O
Luneng	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
application	O
materials	O
for	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
stocks	O
.	O
"	O


But	O
what	O
's	O
strange	O
is	O
that	O
according	O
to	O
reports	O
by	O
journalists	O
,	O
Luneng	B-ORG
Group	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
business	O
registration	O
has	O
in	O
fact	O
already	O
"	O
been	O
adjusted	O
.	O
"	O


What	O
's	O
more	O
,	O
"	O
since	O
November	B-DATE
2006	I-DATE
,	O
Shandong	B-ORG
Provincial	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Industry	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Commerce	I-ORG
has	O
not	O
allowed	O
requests	O
to	O
see	O
or	O
inquire	O
about	O
the	O
files	O
of	O
the	O
Luneng	B-ORG
family	O
of	O
companies	O
.	O
"	O


What	O
on	O
earth	O
does	O
this	O
mean	O
?	O


Is	O
it	O
the	O
Caijing	B-ORG
reporter	O
"	O
making	O
rumors	O
,	O
"	O
or	O
are	O
the	O
relevant	O
departments	O
neglecting	O
their	O
supervision	O
?	O


No	O
matter	O
how	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
now	O
that	O
the	O
media	O
have	O
publicly	O
reported	O
on	O
it	O
,	O
there	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
some	O
answer	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
who	O
exactly	O
will	O
look	O
into	O
these	O
backroom	O
deals	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
exposed	O
by	O
current	O
reports	O
?	O


--	O


Source	O
:	O
mitbbs.com	O
BBS	O
,	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
152.14	O
-RSB-	O


Untimely	O
Democracy	O
.	O


tlu	B-PERSON


Poster	O
:	O
tlu	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
^_^	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Section	O
:	O
ChinaNews	B-ORG
.	O


Topic	O
:	O
Untimely	O
Democracy	O
.	O


Posting	O
station	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
-LRB-	O
Mon	B-DATE
Jan	I-DATE
8	I-DATE
07:57:27	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


After	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
achieved	O
democracy	O
,	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
turned	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
streets	O
repeatedly	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
.	O


Since	O
Iraq	B-GPE
achieved	O
democracy	O
,	O
the	O
situation	O
has	O
bordered	O
on	O
civil	O
war	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
population	O
is	O
many	O
times	O
theirs	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
average	O
educational	O
level	O
is	O
lower	O
than	O
theirs	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
blindly	O
pursue	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
democracy	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
keeping	O
with	O
the	O
times	O
,	O
what	O
happened	O
in	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
and	O
Iraq	B-GPE
will	O
certainly	O
be	O
many	O
times	O
worse	O
here	O
-LRB-	O
as	O
a	O
multiple	O
of	O
the	O
population	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
could	O
certainly	O
fall	O
into	O
a	O
situation	O
of	O
rule	O
by	O
gangsters	O
or	O
religious	O
forces	O
,	O
or	O
civil	O
war	O
.	O


When	O
that	O
happens	O
,	O
the	O
chaos	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Cultural	I-EVENT
Revolution	I-EVENT
will	O
pale	O
by	O
comparison	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
too	O
late	O
to	O
cry	O
.	O


Then	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
need	O
for	O
America	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
to	O
attack	O
us	O
,	O
we	O
'll	O
be	O
too	O
busy	O
fighting	O
each	O
other	O
.	O


We	O
wo	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
concerned	O
with	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
;	O
even	O
the	O
Northeast	O
will	O
be	O
independent	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
say	O
it	O
again	O
:	O
it	O
suits	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
West	B-LOC
for	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
become	O
a	O
disunited	O
country	O
with	O
no	O
production	O
capacity	O
and	O
no	O
fighting	O
ability	O
.	O


But	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
democracy	O
is	O
just	O
a	O
talking	O
point	O
;	O
some	O
people	O
take	O
democracy	O
as	O
the	O
ultimate	O
form	O
of	O
morality	O
,	O
cloaking	O
themselves	O
in	O
democracy	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
buy	O
contraband	O
.	O


Promoting	O
democracy	O
at	O
least	O
sounds	O
better	O
than	O
promoting	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
return	O
to	O
a	O
feudal	O
empire	O
or	O
primitive	O
society	O
.	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
・	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
・	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
24.97.	B-CARDINAL
-RSB-	O
.	O


tlu	O


Poster	O
:	O
tlu	O
-LRB-	O
^_^	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Section	O
:	O
ChinaNews	O
.	O


Topic	O
:	O
Re	O
:	O
Untimely	O
Democracy	O
.	O


Posting	O
station	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
-LRB-	O
Mon	O
Jan	O
8	O
23:01:53	O
2007	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


I	O
answer	O
frequently	O
asked	O
questions	O
only	O
once	O
;	O
excuse	O
me	O
if	O
I	O
am	O
unable	O
to	O
answer	O
each	O
similar	O
question	O
individually	O
.	O


This	O
question	O
is	O
very	O
easy	O
to	O
answer	O
;	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
these	O
leaders	O
'	O
democracy	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
democracy	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
anti-Chinese	B-NORP
.	O


The	O
leaders	O
'	O
democracy	O
is	O
the	O
democratic	O
dictatorship	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
;	O
this	O
has	O
basically	O
already	O
been	O
achieved	O
,	O
or	O
is	O
being	O
achieved	O
.	O


Because	O
of	O
cognitive	O
issues	O
,	O
some	O
people	O
may	O
feel	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
cheated	O
.	O


Do	O
not	O
misunderstand	O
me	O
;	O
I	O
support	O
democracy	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
support	O
democracy	O
in	O
keeping	O
with	O
the	O
times	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
a	O
primitive	O
society	O
has	O
the	O
democracy	O
of	O
a	O
primitive	O
society	O
;	O
a	O
slave	O
society	O
has	O
the	O
democracy	O
of	O
a	O
slave	O
society	O
;	O
a	O
society	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
socialism	O
has	O
a	O
democracy	O
suitable	O
for	O
the	O
elementary	O
stages	O
of	O
socialism	O
.	O


Changes	O
may	O
occur	O
in	O
basic	O
concepts	O
of	O
mathematics	O
and	O
physics	O
because	O
of	O
new	O
discoveries	O
;	O
does	O
the	O
substance	O
of	O
democracy	O
really	O
remain	O
unchanged	O
for	O
thousands	B-DATE
of	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
?	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
appropriate	O
period	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
appropriate	O
groups	O
,	O
the	O
appropriate	O
democracy	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
implemented	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
my	O
view	O
of	O
democracy	O
.	O


【	O
Mentioned	O
in	O
the	O
works	O
of	O
Wang2004	B-DATE
-LRB-	O
Welcome	O
everyone	O
to	O
BBS.Nlone.net	O
-RRB-	O
:	O
】	O
.	O


:	O
"	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
shortcoming	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
lacks	O
democracy	O
;	O
it	O
should	O
thoroughly	O
implement	O
democracy	O
throughout	O
its	O
territory	O
.	O
"	O


:	O
--	O
June	B-DATE
12	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1944	I-DATE
,	O
Mao	B-PERSON
Zedong	I-PERSON
responds	O
to	O
Chinese	B-NORP
and	O
foreign	O
reporters	O
.	O


:	O
China	B-GPE
has	O
a	O
fault	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
fault	O
.	O


This	O
fault	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
word	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
lacks	O
democracy	O
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
:	O
people	O
have	O
an	O
extraordinary	O
need	O
for	O
democracy	O
;	O
because	O
only	O
with	O
democracy	O
can	O
the	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
be	O
strong	O
:	O
only	O
then	O
can	O
Chinese	B-NORP
internal	O
and	O
external	O
relations	O
:	O
get	O
on	O
track	O
,	O
only	O
then	O
can	O
we	O
win	O
the	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
,	O
only	O
then	O
can	O
we	O
build	O
a	O
good	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
only	O
with	O
democracy	O
can	O
we	O
get	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
continue	O
:	O
its	O
unity	O
after	O
the	O
war	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
lacks	O
democracy	O
,	O
which	O
all	O
of	O
you	O
present	O
are	O
fully	O
aware	O
of	O
.	O


Only	O
with	O
democracy	O
can	O
China	B-GPE
move	O
forward	O
.	O


.	O


:	O
......	O


:	O
In	O
order	O
to	O
defeat	O
our	O
common	O
enemy	O
and	O
to	O
establish	O
good	O
and	O
peaceful	O
internal	O
relations	O
,	O
and	O
good	O
and	O
peaceful	O
:	O
international	O
relations	O
,	O
what	O
we	O
hope	O
for	O
from	O
the	O
Kuomintang	B-NORP
government	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
Kuomintang	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
and	O
all	O
its	O
factions	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
all	O
implement	O
democracy	O
.	O


The	O
entire	O
:	O
world	O
is	O
in	O
this	O
fight	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
war	O
is	O
in	O
its	O
decisive	O
stages	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
decisive	O
battle	O
will	O
come	O
soon	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Far	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
,	O
but	O
China	B-GPE
lacks	O
a	O


:	O
...................	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
・	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
・	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
24.97.	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


In	O
Terms	O
of	O
Blood	O
Lines	O
,	O
Little	O
Japan	B-GPE
Is	O
Closer	O
to	O
China	B-GPE


xiaoge	B-PERSON


Poster	O
:	O
xiaoge	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
xiaoge	B-PERSON
-RRB-	O
,	O
Section	O
:	O
ChinaNews	B-ORG
.	O


Topic	O
:	O
In	O
Terms	O
of	O
Blood	O
Lines	O
,	O
Little	O
Japan	B-GPE
Is	O
Closer	O
to	O
China	B-GPE


Posting	O
station	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
-LRB-	O
Thu	B-DATE
Feb	I-DATE
1	I-DATE
23:53:45	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


Half	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
people	O
are	O
descendants	O
of	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
race	O
-LRB-	O
proved	O
by	O
modern	O
genetics	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
inherited	O
their	O
culture	O
from	O
us	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


More	O
or	O
less	O
they	O
can	O
somehow	O
talk	O
practically	O
and	O
realistically	O
.	O


Before	O
the	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
N	I-DATE
,	O
most	O
Koreans	B-NORP
were	O
the	O
descendants	O
of	O
northwestern	O
nomads	O
;	O
they	O
were	O
pressured	O
by	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
for	O
N	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
they	O
bear	O
animosity	O
.	O


If	O
in	O
those	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
the	O
"	O
Great	O
East	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
Circle	O
of	O
Common	O
Glory	O
"	O
is	O
unfortunately	O
achieved	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
a	O
bit	O
more	O
bearable	O
than	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
Qing	I-DATE
Dynasty	I-DATE
when	O
the	O
Manchus	B-NORP
shaved	O
our	O
heads	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
,	O
if	O
we	O
let	O
the	O
descendants	O
of	O
the	O
overseas	O
Han	B-NORP
come	O
to	O
force	O
the	O
Great	O
East	B-NORP
Asian	I-NORP
Circle	O
of	O
Glory	O
,	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
as	O
good	O
as	O
if	O
we	O
make	O
it	O
happen	O
ourselves	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
'll	O
send	O
troops	O
to	O
be	O
stationed	O
in	O
Korea	B-GPE
and	O
follow	O
the	O
system	O
of	O
the	O
Manchus	B-NORP
from	O
those	O
times	O
,	O
setting	O
up	O
a	O
frankpledge	O
system	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
bride	O
spending	O
her	O
wedding	O
night	O
with	O
the	O
lord	O
of	O
the	O
frankpledge	O
.	O


Restoring	O
those	O
olden	O
days	O
will	O
ensure	O
that	O
everybody	O
on	O
the	O
Korean	B-NORP
peninsula	O
is	O
a	O
descendant	O
of	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
race	O
,	O
^_^	O
.	O


--	O


Source	O
:	O
・	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
・	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
71.79.	B-CARDINAL
-RSB-	O
.	O


The	O
Miracle	O
of	O
the	O
Victory	O
over	O
Japan	B-GPE
Was	O
Made	O
by	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
People	O
Themselves	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
calcium	O
-	O
deficient	O
must	O
read	O
this	O
-RRB-	O


jilian	B-PERSON


Poster	O
:	O
jilian	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
jilian	B-PERSON
-RRB-	O
,	O
Section	O
:	O
ChinaNews	B-ORG
.	O


Topic	O
:	O
The	O
Miracle	O
of	O
the	O
Victory	O
over	O
Japan	B-GPE
Was	O
Made	O
by	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
People	O
Themselves	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
calcium	O
-	O
deficient	O
must	O
read	O
this	O
-RRB-	O


Posting	O
station	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
-LRB-	O
Tue	B-DATE
Jan	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
17:41:07	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
Miracle	O
of	O
the	O
Victory	O
over	O
Japan	B-GPE
Was	O
Made	O
by	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
People	O
Themselves	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
calcium	O
-	O
deficient	O
must	O
read	O
this	O
-RRB-	O


http://web.wenxuecity.com/BBSView.php?SubID=memory&MsgID=106201	O


Source	O
:	O
Ta	B-PERSON
Siye	I-PERSON
on	O
07	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
01	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
27	I-DATE
17:07:38	B-TIME
.	O


"	B-DATE
8	I-DATE
/	I-DATE
15	I-DATE
"	I-DATE
-	O
our	O
victory	O
day	O
.	O


（一）	O


For	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
,	O
today	B-DATE
is	O
a	O
special	O
day	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
came	O
with	O
great	O
difficulty	O
for	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Before	O
the	O
war	O
,	O
the	O
gap	O
between	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
was	O
far	O
greater	O
than	O
mere	O
numbers	O
.	O


Before	O
the	O
war	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
steel	O
production	O
was	O
less	O
than	O
200,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
-LRB-	O
steel	O
production	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
was	O
centered	O
mainly	O
in	O
the	O
northeast	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
-RRB-	O
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
's	O
was	O
about	O
9	B-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
.	O


The	O
important	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
Japan	B-GPE
had	O
a	O
complete	O
industrial	O
system	O
and	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
independently	O
produce	O
all	O
its	O
weapons	O
,	O
from	O
handguns	O
to	O
aircraft	O
carriers	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
had	O
a	O
formidable	O
research	O
production	O
capacity	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
every	O
year	O
they	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
produce	O
1,580	B-CARDINAL
airplanes	O
,	O
744	B-CARDINAL
large	O
-	O
bore	O
cannon	O
,	O
330	B-CARDINAL
tanks	O
,	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
9,500	B-CARDINAL
vehicles	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
shipbuilding	O
capacity	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
400,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
and	O
a	O
naval	O
construction	O
capacity	O
of	O
50,000	B-QUANTITY
tons	I-QUANTITY
.	O


Compared	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
China	B-GPE
could	O
only	O
produce	O
rifles	O
and	O
small	O
cannon	O
;	O
its	O
capacity	O
to	O
produce	O
heavy	O
weapons	O
was	O
zero	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
only	O
munitions	O
plant	O
capable	O
of	O
producing	O
heavy	O
weapons	O
in	O
the	O
northeast	O
was	O
taken	O
over	O
by	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
.	O


This	O
means	O
that	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
consumption	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
met	O
.	O


Before	O
the	O
war	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
air	O
force	O
had	O
some	O
300	B-CARDINAL
airplanes	O
;	O
that	O
may	O
seem	O
like	O
quite	O
a	O
few	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
all	O
used	O
up	O
in	O
just	O
one	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
afterward	O
we	O
could	O
only	O
watch	O
as	O
Japanese	B-NORP
aircrafts	O
ruled	O
the	O
skies	O
over	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


On	O
the	O
surface	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
large	O
country	O
,	O
and	O
Japan	B-GPE
was	O
the	O
little	O
guy	O
taking	O
on	O
the	O
giant	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
obvious	O
part	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
being	O
a	O
big	O
country	O
was	O
its	O
population	O
advantage	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
total	O
population	O
after	O
it	O
had	O
taken	O
over	O
Taiwan	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Northeast	O
,	O
and	O
Korea	B-GPE
was	O
not	O
so	O
very	O
much	O
smaller	O
than	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
,	O
with	O
about	O
200	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
,	O
at	O
best	O
a	O
2:1	B-CARDINAL
ratio	O
.	O


The	O
important	O
thing	O
is	O
that	O
Japan	B-GPE
had	O
a	O
complete	O
reserve	O
system	O
,	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
four	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
reserves	O
who	O
had	O
received	O
basic	O
military	O
training	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
had	O
basically	O
no	O
reserve	O
military	O
personnel	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
"	O
national	O
army	O
"	O
relied	O
primarily	O
on	O
seizing	O
able	O
-	O
bodied	O
men	O
to	O
fill	O
its	O
ranks	O
.	O


These	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
able	O
-	O
bodied	O
men	O
were	O
sorely	O
lacking	O
in	O
training	O
;	O
all	O
they	O
could	O
do	O
was	O
learn	O
to	O
fight	O
in	O
battle	O
.	O


Therefore	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
it	O
often	O
happened	O
that	O
a	O
Japanese	B-NORP
battalion	O
-LRB-	O
battalion	O
system	O
-RRB-	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
defeat	O
a	O
whole	O
division	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
army	O
;	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
just	O
the	O
difference	O
in	O
equipment	O
:	O
even	O
more	O
important	O
were	O
the	O
differences	O
in	O
logistical	O
supplies	O
and	O
training	O
.	O


>	O
The	O
training	O
gap	O
in	O
particular	O
can	O
be	O
said	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
earth	O
and	O
sky	O
.	O


In	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
standards	O
of	O
Western	O
armies	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
a	O
few	O
divisions	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
military	O
units	O
of	O
every	O
description	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
more	O
appropriate	O
to	O
speak	O
of	O
militia	O
,	O
or	O
mobs	O
of	O
bandits	O
.	O


What	O
was	O
even	O
more	O
disheartening	O
was	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
disintegration	O
:	O


After	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
bloody	O
battles	O
between	O
the	O
Nationalists	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Communists	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
among	O
the	O
warlords	O
like	O
Jiang	B-PERSON
,	O
Feng	B-PERSON
,	O
Yan	B-PERSON
and	O
Gui	B-PERSON
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
vital	O
organs	O
were	O
diseased	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
like	O
adding	O
frost	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
snow	O
.	O


Japan	B-GPE
's	O
plans	O
to	O
"	O
conquer	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
attack	O
"	O
and	O
to	O
"	O
take	O
China	B-GPE
in	O
three	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
six	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
"	O
were	O
not	O
mere	O
fantasy	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
low	O
-	O
key	O
War	B-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
also	O
had	O
a	O
basis	O
in	O
reality	O
:	O
it	O
seemed	O
that	O
without	O
a	O
miracle	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
would	O
be	O
doomed	O
.	O


-LRB	O
2	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O


But	O
the	O
miracle	O
happened	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
is	O
more	O
,	O
this	O
miracle	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
!	O


In	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
an	O
unprecedented	O
national	O
enemy	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
race	O
demonstrated	O
rare	O
courage	O
and	O
fortitude	O
.	O


In	O
terms	O
of	O
their	O
military	O
strength	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
army	O
taking	O
on	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
was	O
like	O
an	O
egg	O
attacking	O
a	O
rock	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
eggs	O
advanced	O
again	O
and	O
again	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
wounds	O
on	O
the	O
rock	O
added	O
up	O
!	O


In	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
Taierzhuang	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
Wanjialing	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
prestige	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
"	I-ORG
Great	I-ORG
Japanese	I-ORG
Imperial	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
"	I-ORG
came	O
tumbling	O
down	O
again	O
and	O
again	O
.	O


In	O
his	O
memoirs	O
,	O
Li	B-PERSON
Zongren	I-PERSON
took	O
great	O
delight	O
in	O
talking	O
about	O
Taierzhuang	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
he	O
used	O
cast	O
-	O
off	O
troops	O
,	O
Sichuan	B-NORP
troops	O
and	O
Northeastern	O
troops	O
to	O
inflict	O
heavy	O
losses	O
on	O
the	O
supremely	O
arrogant	O
"	O
Great	B-ORG
Japanese	I-ORG
Imperial	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
"	O
;	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
view	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
all	O
rather	O
inconceivable	O
.	O


For	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
from	B-DATE
1937	I-DATE
to	I-DATE
1941	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
fought	O
against	O
Japan	B-GPE
on	O
its	O
own	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
even	O
counterattacked	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
organized	O
a	O
winter	B-DATE
offensive	O
on	O
the	O
front	O
in	O
1939	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
1940	B-DATE
there	O
were	O
a	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
battles	O
in	O
the	O
enemy	O
's	O
rear	O
area	O
,	O
which	O
let	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
know	O
that	O
their	O
enemy	O
was	O
still	O
alive	O
and	O
kicking	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
resolve	O
the	O
"	O
China	B-GPE
incident	O
,	O
"	O
Japan	B-GPE
sent	O
in	O
even	O
young	O
boys	O
to	O
fight	O
;	O
at	O
the	O
height	O
of	O
it	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
division	O
left	O
in	O
Japan	B-GPE
.	O


Of	O
course	O
if	O
Japan	B-GPE
had	O
fully	O
mobilized	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
have	O
called	O
up	O
several	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
more	O
troops	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
later	O
time	O
when	O
they	O
knew	O
they	O
were	O
about	O
to	O
be	O
annihilated	O
.	O


But	O
mobilizing	O
troops	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
sending	O
them	O
off	O
to	O
another	O
country	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
different	O
things	O
;	O
it	O
was	O
just	O
that	O
their	O
logistics	O
could	O
n't	O
support	O
it	O
.	O


Troops	O
leaving	O
the	O
country	O
to	O
fight	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
lean	O
and	O
vigorous	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
n't	O
that	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
did	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
settle	O
the	O
"	O
China	B-GPE
incident	O
,	O
"	O
it	O
was	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
n't	O
.	O


What	O
created	O
this	O
miracle	O
in	O
reality	O
was	O
the	O
awakening	O
of	O
the	O
sense	O
of	O
modern	O
Chinese	B-NORP
nationhood	O
.	O


In	O
historical	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
you	O
were	O
loyal	O
to	O
the	O
emperor	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Yue	B-PERSON
Fei	I-PERSON
directly	O
smashed	O
the	O
home	O
of	O
the	O
enemy	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
wash	O
away	O
the	O
"	O
shame	O
of	O
Jingkang	B-EVENT
and	O
the	O
officials	O
'	O
regret	O
.	O
"	O


When	O
Shi	B-PERSON
Kefa	I-PERSON
wept	O
blood	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
for	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
the	B-PERSON
Chongzhen	I-PERSON
Emperor	I-PERSON
.	O


In	O
the	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Anti-Japanese	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
burned	O
with	O
an	O
enormous	O
patriotic	O
fervor	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
fierce	O
determination	O
to	O
resist	O
.	O


In	O
their	O
memoirs	O
,	O
generals	O
of	O
the	O
Nationalist	B-NORP
army	O
mention	O
that	O
when	O
they	O
were	O
wounded	O
in	O
the	O
civil	O
war	O
no	O
one	O
paid	O
any	O
attention	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
themselves	O
all	O
felt	O
like	O
thieves	O
.	O


But	O
generals	O
wounded	O
fighting	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
received	O
endless	O
fresh	O
flowers	O
in	O
condolence	O
,	O
making	O
them	O
feel	O
like	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
attention	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
such	O
an	O
enormous	O
contrast	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
great	O
stimulus	O
for	O
the	O
Nationalist	B-NORP
army	O
generals	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
fatherland	O
in	O
jeopardy	O
,	O
even	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
demonstrated	O
unprecedented	O
patriotic	O
fervor	O
,	O
vigorously	O
supporting	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
War	B-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
,	O
providing	O
both	O
manpower	O
and	O
financial	O
aid	O
.	O


Large	O
numbers	O
of	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
returned	O
to	O
fight	O
;	O
in	O
some	O
years	O
the	O
aid	O
donated	O
by	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
amounted	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
half	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
government	O
's	O
expenditures	O
,	O
creating	O
a	O
fresh	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
historically	O
poor	O
image	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
as	O
lacking	O
civic	O
pride	O
and	O
being	O
politically	O
indifferent	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
,	O
overseas	O
Chinese	B-NORP
donated	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
times	O
more	O
money	O
than	O
did	O
overseas	O
Japanese	B-NORP
.	O


The	B-ORG
Central	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Jin	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Sichuan	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Northwest	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
Gui	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
course	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
and	O
the	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Fourth	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
until	O
then	O
had	O
been	O
implacable	O
enemies	O
,	O
came	O
together	O
to	O
rescue	O
the	O
imperiled	O
nation	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
was	O
not	O
an	O
easy	O
matter	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
officers	O
and	O
men	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Red	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
almost	O
all	O
had	O
an	O
account	O
of	O
blood	O
and	O
tears	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Nationalist	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
purging	O
of	O
the	O
Red	B-ORG
Army	I-ORG
base	O
areas	O
was	O
no	O
less	O
fierce	O
than	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
policy	O
of	O
killing	O
,	O
burning	O
and	O
looting	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
think	O
of	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ming	I-ORG
Dynasty	I-ORG
,	O
when	O
the	O
state	O
was	O
about	O
to	O
fall	O
,	O
the	O
southern	O
Ming	B-ORG
continued	O
its	O
bickering	O
,	O
with	O
endless	O
internal	O
disputes	O
among	O
the	O
various	O
princes	O
who	O
all	O
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
enjoying	O
it	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
In	O
Jin	B-PERSON
Yong	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
masterpiece	O
,	O
Luding	B-WORK_OF_ART
Annals	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
just	O
for	O
the	O
sake	O
of	O
selecting	O
an	O
heir	O
between	O
Zhu	B-PERSON
Three	I-PERSON
and	O
Zhu	B-PERSON
Five	I-PERSON
,	O
two	B-CARDINAL
royal	O
families	O
started	O
fighting	O
and	O
got	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
key	O
persons	O
killed	O
,	O
which	O
stirred	O
up	O
a	O
great	O
storm	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
state	O
of	O
disunity	O
repeatedly	O
lamented	O
by	O
Sun	B-PERSON
Yatsen	I-PERSON
had	O
quite	O
unexpectedly	O
turned	O
to	O
unity	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
phases	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
all	O
sides	O
basically	O
cooperated	O
in	O
good	O
faith	O
and	O
all	O
made	O
an	O
effort	O
;	O
it	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
said	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
miracle	O
of	O
history	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
Brothers	O
Magic	O
Sky	O
-LRB-	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Qingpin	I-PERSON
,	O
Chen	B-PERSON
Zhonghou	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
previously	O
read	O
a	O
book	O
;	O
the	O
author	O
signed	O
his	O
name	O
as	O
"	O
Shaohua	O
,	O
Youhu	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
book	O
was	O
entitled	O
"	B-WORK_OF_ART
Lin	I-WORK_OF_ART
Biao	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
His	I-WORK_OF_ART
Life	I-WORK_OF_ART
"	I-WORK_OF_ART


In	O
the	O
ninth	B-ORDINAL
chapter	O
,	O
"	O
First	B-WORK_OF_ART
Medal	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
War	I-WORK_OF_ART
against	I-WORK_OF_ART
Japan	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
"	O
it	O
mentions	O
that	O
after	O
the	O
great	O
victory	O
at	O
Pingxingguan	B-GPE
,	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Biao	I-PERSON
was	O
accidentally	O
wounded	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
chief	O
of	O
staff	O
and	O
front	O
-	O
line	O
commander	O
of	O
the	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
's	O
second	B-ORDINAL
theater	O
of	O
operations	O
,	O
Wei	B-PERSON
Lihuang	I-PERSON
,	O
got	O
the	O
news	O
and	O
made	O
a	O
special	O
trip	O
to	O
Ershilibao	B-GPE
in	O
Yan'an	B-GPE
to	O
extend	O
his	O
condolences	O
.	O


The	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
was	O
unexpectedly	O
detained	O
as	O
he	O
returned	O
to	O
Xi'an	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
he	O
personally	O
ordered	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Eighth	I-ORG
Route	I-ORG
Army	I-ORG
be	O
given	O
a	O
million	B-CARDINAL
rounds	O
of	O
ammunition	O
,	O
250,000	B-CARDINAL
hand	O
grenades	O
,	O
and	O
180	B-CARDINAL
boxes	O
of	O
cartons	O
of	O
beef	O
.	O


"	O
Thirty	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
more	B-CARDINAL
than	I-CARDINAL
ten	I-CARDINAL
military	O
trucks	O
brought	O
the	O
ammunition	O
and	O
canned	O
beef	O
to	O
Ershilibao	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
flush	O
of	O
red	O
appeared	O
on	O
Lin	B-PERSON
Biao	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
pallid	O
face	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
said	O
repeatedly	O
,	O
"	O
It	O
's	O
a	O
huge	O
gift	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
huge	O
gift	O
!	O
"	O


This	O
shows	O
that	O
the	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
was	O
the	O
cradle	O
for	O
the	O
rebirth	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
war	O
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
left	O
no	O
stone	O
unturned	O
in	O
threatening	O
to	O
bribe	O
Chinese	B-NORP
into	O
collaborating	O
.	O


But	O
of	O
the	O
many	O
powerful	O
local	O
warlords	O
,	O
not	O
one	B-CARDINAL
went	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
.	O


Even	O
outmoded	O
warlords	O
like	O
Yan	B-PERSON
Xishan	I-PERSON
in	O
Shanxi	B-GPE
,	O
or	O
Long	B-PERSON
Yun	I-PERSON
in	O
Yunnan	B-GPE
,	O
or	O
Wu	B-PERSON
Peifu	I-PERSON
could	O
not	O
be	O
won	O
over	O
.	O


Compared	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Ming	I-ORG
Dynasty	I-ORG
,	O
it	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
said	O
that	O
this	O
too	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
miracle	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
3	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O


Around	B-DATE
Sept.	I-DATE
18	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1931	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
despite	O
entreaties	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
League	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
,	O
never	O
got	O
any	O
sympathy	O
or	O
support	O
,	O
but	O
after	O
July	B-DATE
7	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1937	I-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
relied	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
resistance	O
to	O
win	O
international	O
respect	O
and	O
assistance	O
;	O
Heaven	O
helps	O
those	O
who	O
help	O
themselves	O
.	O


A	O
strong	O
sense	O
of	O
nationhood	O
supported	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
through	O
repeated	O
losses	O
and	O
battles	O
,	O
and	O
helped	O
it	O
get	O
through	O
those	O
dark	O
days	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
perseverance	O
was	O
just	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
to	O
strike	O
at	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
weak	O
spot	O
;	O
countries	O
like	O
Japan	B-GPE
have	O
trouble	O
sustaining	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
intensity	O
war	O
.	O


The	B-EVENT
First	I-EVENT
Sino	I-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Japanese	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
,	O
the	B-EVENT
Russo	I-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Japanese	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
and	O
9/18	B-EVENT
all	O
ended	O
in	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
destructive	O
effects	O
on	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
structure	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
each	O
time	O
they	O
fought	O
,	O
they	O
acquired	O
a	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
booty	O
,	O
which	O
greatly	O
increased	O
Japan	B-GPE
's	O
strength	O
.	O


But	O
the	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
was	O
not	O
like	O
that	O
;	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
were	O
unable	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
war	O
through	O
fighting	O
.	O


Despite	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
strength	O
and	O
wealth	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
even	O
unable	O
to	O
bear	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Vietnam	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
.	O


Four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
fierce	O
fighting	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
had	O
in	O
fact	O
left	O
Japan	B-GPE
exhausted	O
;	O
military	O
spending	O
was	O
exploding	O
,	O
inflation	O
at	O
home	O
was	O
soaring	O
,	O
supplies	O
were	O
stretched	O
thin	O
,	O
gold	O
and	O
foreign	O
currency	O
reserves	O
were	O
depleted	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
domestic	O
economy	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
verge	O
of	O
collapse	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
enabled	O
America	B-GPE
to	O
throttle	O
the	O
Japanese	B-GPE
by	O
the	O
neck	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
they	O
forced	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
to	O
take	O
a	O
highly	O
risky	O
military	O
gamble	O
.	O


The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
the	O
Pacific	B-LOC
was	O
a	O
turning	O
point	O
.	O


Since	O
Japan	B-GPE
is	O
an	O
island	O
,	O
sea	O
transport	O
is	O
its	O
lifeline	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
decisive	O
field	O
of	O
battle	O
was	O
the	O
Pacific	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
Chinese	B-NORP
field	O
of	O
battle	O
had	O
already	O
fulfilled	O
its	O
mission	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
did	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
strength	O
to	O
chase	O
out	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
did	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
capability	O
to	O
wipe	O
out	O
the	O
"	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
army	O
"	O
and	O
the	O
"	O
Yan'an	B-GPE
army	O
.	O
"	O


Both	O
sides	O
could	O
only	O
stay	O
put	O
and	O
wait	O
.	O


"	O
If	O
allied	O
forces	O
win	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
can	O
not	O
lose	O
;	O


If	O
the	O
allied	O
forces	O
lose	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
can	O
not	O
win	O
.	O
"	O


Although	O
it	O
upset	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
,	O
the	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
blamed	O
the	B-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
for	O
not	O
attacking	O
;	O
the	B-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
accused	O
the	O
Kuomintang	B-ORG
of	O
remaining	O
passive	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
was	O
necessary	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


Although	O
we	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
drive	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
out	O
,	O
because	O
this	O
exceeded	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
industrial	O
capacity	O
and	O
technical	O
and	O
economic	O
levels	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
"	O
8/15	B-EVENT
"	O
is	O
still	O
our	O
Victory	O
Day	O
.	O


Our	O
sacrifice	O
well	O
deserves	O
this	O
victory	O
,	O
because	O
we	O
made	O
every	O
effort	O
.	O


Among	O
the	O
five	B-CARDINAL
victorious	O
nations	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
Soviet	I-GPE
Union	I-GPE
,	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
England	B-GPE
and	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
more	O
qualified	O
than	O
England	B-GPE
and	O
France	B-GPE
to	O
bask	O
in	O
the	O
glory	O
of	O
victory	O
.	O


Before	O
WWII	B-EVENT
,	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
world	O
industry	O
and	O
modern	O
military	O
affairs	O
,	O
China	B-GPE
was	O
really	O
unworthy	O
of	O
mention	O
,	O
not	O
even	O
on	O
a	O
par	O
with	O
Poland	B-GPE
,	O
Yugoslavia	B-GPE
or	O
any	O
other	O
mid-level	O
European	B-NORP
country	O
.	O


China	B-GPE
's	O
contribution	O
to	O
the	O
war	O
against	O
Fascism	O
in	O
fact	O
far	O
surpassed	O
its	O
own	O
abilities	O
.	O


And	O
this	O
contribution	O
was	O
made	O
using	O
"	O
blood	O
and	O
flesh	O
to	O
build	O
our	O
new	O
Great	B-FAC
Wall	I-FAC
.	O
"	O


For	O
this	O
day	O
,	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Chinese	B-NORP
soldiers	O
stained	O
the	O
battlefield	O
with	O
their	O
blood	O
,	O
and	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
millions	I-CARDINAL
of	O
ordinary	O
people	O
died	O
,	O
billions	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
in	O
assets	O
were	O
lost	O
:	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
huge	O
price	O
to	O
pay	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
not	O
forget	O
our	O
glory	O
,	O
nor	O
can	O
we	O
forget	O
the	O
price	O
we	O
paid	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
4	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O


Several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
back	I-DATE
Zhou	B-PERSON
Zuoren	I-PERSON
and	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Ailing	I-PERSON
's	O
works	O
thrilled	O
a	O
generation	O
.	O


But	O
some	O
people	O
complained	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
treated	O
unfairly	O
.	O


Their	O
works	O
certainly	O
appeal	O
to	O
the	O
emotions	O
and	O
tastes	O
of	O
people	O
nowadays	O
who	O
have	O
gotten	O
rich	O
by	O
various	O
means	O
,	O
and	O
literarily	O
speaking	O
they	O
could	O
sometimes	O
be	O
original	O
.	O


But	O
literature	O
is	O
a	O
moral	O
force	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
these	O
easy	O
-	O
living	O
social	O
paragons	O
is	O
even	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
thieves	O
;	O
they	O
certainly	O
have	O
no	O
sense	O
of	O
duty	O
to	O
their	O
country	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
can	O
even	O
be	O
said	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
no	O
shame	O
.	O


How	O
can	O
they	O
expect	O
to	O
be	O
respected	O
by	O
society	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
?	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
soul	O
do	O
their	O
works	O
have	O
?	O


If	O
we	O
can	O
forgive	O
Zhou	B-PERSON
Zuoren	I-PERSON
and	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Ailing	I-PERSON
,	O
then	O
how	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
very	O
worst	O
,	O
can	O
we	O
face	O
Zhao	B-PERSON
Yiman	I-PERSON
,	O
Yang	B-PERSON
Jingyu	I-PERSON
and	O
Chao	B-PERSON
Shangzhi	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
historical	O
period	O
crawled	O
over	O
ice	O
and	O
slept	O
in	O
snow	O
,	O
willing	O
to	O
die	O
rather	O
than	O
yield	O
?	O


Our	O
world	O
is	O
still	O
not	O
peaceful	O
;	O
our	O
enemies	O
are	O
still	O
eyeing	O
us	O
covetously	O
.	O


Wang	B-PERSON
Jingwei	I-PERSON
,	O
Zhou	B-PERSON
Zuoren	I-PERSON
,	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Ailing	I-PERSON
and	O
their	O
ilk	O
should	O
be	O
relegated	O
to	O
history	O
's	O
wall	O
of	O
shame	O
forever	O
.	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
·	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
·	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
72.92.	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


Thoughts	O
on	O
Ethnic	O
Conflict	O
and	O
the	O
Policy	O
of	O
Consideration	O
for	O
Minorities	O


winneragain	B-PERSON


Poster	O
:	O
winneragain	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Eternal	O
Gratitude	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Section	O
:	O
ChinaNews	B-ORG
.	O


Topic	O
:	O
Thoughts	O
on	O
Ethnic	O
Conflict	O
and	O
the	O
Policy	O
of	O
Consideration	O
for	O
Minorities	O


Posting	O
station	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
-LRB-	O
Mon	B-DATE
Jan	I-DATE
29	I-DATE
14:57:49	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
station	O
.	O


This	O
article	O
was	O
originally	O
written	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
Muslim	B-NORP
Club	O
question	O
;	O
if	O
its	O
tone	O
is	O
excessive	O
in	O
spots	O
,	O
please	O
excuse	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
said	O
is	O
right	O
:	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
are	O
individual	O
clashes	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
very	O
difficult	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
person	O
's	O
ethnic	O
or	O
religious	O
status	O
to	O
shape	O
a	O
person	O
's	O
behavior	O
.	O


If	O
one	B-CARDINAL
individual	O
in	O
an	O
ethnic	O
group	O
or	O
religion	O
does	O
something	O
bad	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
only	O
say	O
that	O
that	O
person	O
's	O
character	O
has	O
an	O
essentially	O
evil	O
side	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
does	O
good	O
,	O
then	O
certainly	O
a	O
large	O
part	O
of	O
his	O
character	O
is	O
good	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
reverse	O
this	O
logic	O
,	O
no	O
religion	O
or	O
ethnic	O
group	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
is	O
without	O
blame	O
.	O


The	O
Han	B-NORP
have	O
a	O
longer	O
history	O
than	O
the	O
Hui	B-NORP
and	O
a	O
greater	O
population	O
;	O
who	O
knows	O
how	O
many	O
clashes	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
historically	O
with	O
the	O
peripheral	O
minorities	O
?	O


So	O
can	O
we	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
are	O
such	O
and	O
such	O
?	O


With	O
regard	O
to	O
certain	O
clashes	O
involving	O
local	O
ethnic	O
groups	O
or	O
territories	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
say	O
anything	O
about	O
whether	O
that	O
ethnic	O
group	O
is	O
bad	O
or	O
good	O
;	O
rather	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
tragedy	O
brought	O
on	O
by	O
a	O
sort	O
of	O
"	O
security	O
crisis	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
misinterpreted	O
information	O
.	O
"	O


Most	O
of	O
all	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
basically	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
the	O
political	O
system	O
and	O
of	O
trust	O
.	O


Regardless	O
of	O
whether	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
or	O
the	O
Hui	B-NORP
,	O
when	O
friction	O
first	B-ORDINAL
crops	O
up	O
,	O
their	O
lack	O
of	O
faith	O
in	O
the	O
government	O
and	O
law	O
-LRB-	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
characteristic	O
of	O
many	O
autarchies	O
-RRB-	O
makes	O
people	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
can	O
not	O
fairly	O
and	O
effectively	O
handle	O
the	O
situation	O
.	O


This	O
gives	O
both	O
sides	O
the	O
illusion	O
they	O
're	O
in	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
anarchy	O
.	O


More	O
often	O
than	O
not	O
they	O
resort	O
to	O
using	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
villages	O
or	O
ethnic	O
group	O
to	O
protect	O
their	O
security	O
.	O


This	O
"	O
civic	O
conflict	O
"	O
gets	O
turned	O
into	O
an	O
"	O
ethnic	O
conflict	O
.	O
"	O


And	O
when	O
one	O
side	O
mobilizes	O
its	O
own	O
village	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
the	O
security	O
threat	O
-LRB-	O
not	O
just	O
physical	O
safety	O
but	O
also	O
moral	O
safety	O
-	O
protecting	O
their	O
own	O
way	O
of	O
life	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
they	O
see	O
as	O
coming	O
from	O
another	O
village	O
,	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
obviously	O
will	O
not	O
stand	O
idly	O
by	O
but	O
will	O
also	O
mobilize	O
and	O
prepare	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
way	O
the	O
impressions	O
of	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
group	O
will	O
be	O
validated	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
,	O
with	O
both	O
sides	O
falling	O
into	O
the	O
vicious	O
cycle	O
of	O
"	O
security	O
crisis	O
"	O
just	O
as	O
when	O
a	O
war	O
breaks	O
out	O
in	O
international	O
politics	O
;	O
the	O
clash	O
is	O
unavoidable	O
.	O


Add	O
to	O
this	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
both	O
sides	O
include	O
some	O
people	O
who	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
regularly	O
bullied	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
village	O
headman	O
or	O
sheikh	O
wants	O
to	O
use	O
this	O
as	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
gain	O
some	O
political	O
advantage	O
and	O
increase	O
his	O
own	O
influence	O
,	O
seizing	O
the	O
chance	O
to	O
fan	O
the	O
flames	O
and	O
inciting	O
people	O
to	O
fight	O
.	O


Some	O
governments	O
-LRB-	B-ORG
the	I-ORG
Manchu	I-ORG
Qing	I-ORG
-RRB-	I-ORG
even	O
adopted	O
a	O
policy	O
of	O
"	O
using	O
the	O
barbarians	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
barbarians	O
,	O
"	O
stirring	O
up	O
conflict	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
Hui	B-NORP
to	O
control	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
and	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
to	O
control	O
the	O
Hui	B-NORP
.	O


There	O
are	O
some	O
people	O
who	O
make	O
an	O
uproar	O
over	O
Hui	B-NORP
-	O
Han	B-NORP
clashes	O
who	O
take	O
a	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
sided	O
view	O
;	O
they	O
see	O
only	O
the	O
clash	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
overlook	O
how	O
many	O
times	O
these	O
types	O
of	O
clashes	O
have	O
been	O
settled	O
,	O
how	O
many	O
times	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
cooperation	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
groups	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
claim	O
to	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
academic	O
research	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
thing	O
that	O
should	O
be	O
done	O
is	O
to	O
list	O
all	O
the	O
interactions	O
between	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
groups	O
in	O
history	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
present	O
:	O
clashes	O
,	O
peaceful	O
coexistence	O
,	O
cooperation	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
way	O
you	O
get	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
three	I-CARDINAL
variables	O
,	O
and	O
only	O
then	O
can	O
you	O
analyze	O
the	O
causal	O
relationship	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
's	O
resulting	O
variables	O
do	O
not	O
change	O
,	O
or	O
there	O
is	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
value	O
:	O
clashes	O
.	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
"	O
scientific	O
research	O
"	O
result	O
can	O
people	O
like	O
this	O
achieve	O
?	O


Changes	O
in	O
variables	O
should	O
also	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
consideration	O
.	O


You	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
many	O
policies	O
of	O
minority	O
consideration	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
should	O
also	O
look	O
at	O
how	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
majority	O
-	O
Han	B-NORP
society	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
society	O
that	O
stresses	O
uniformity	O
and	O
looks	O
down	O
on	O
individuality	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
just	O
as	O
many	O
mechanisms	O
and	O
opportunities	O
for	O
discrimination	O
against	O
minorities	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
more	O
.	O


Did	O
you	O
know	O
that	O
in	O
interviews	O
some	O
people	O
are	O
rejected	O
just	O
because	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
northwest	O
accent	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
know	O
how	O
distressed	O
Muslims	B-NORP
are	O
in	O
a	O
unit	O
or	O
company	O
where	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
halal	O
canteen	O
?	O


Have	O
you	O
ever	O
heard	O
a	O
Mongol	B-NORP
father	O
cry	O
because	O
his	O
son	O
has	O
to	O
start	O
studying	O
Chinese	B-NORP
in	O
first	B-ORDINAL
grade	O
?	O


Do	O
you	O
understand	O
how	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
West	O
has	O
plundered	O
so	O
many	O
resources	O
and	O
left	O
the	O
local	O
minorities	O
just	O
as	O
needy	O
as	O
they	O
ever	O
were	O
?	O


This	O
lack	O
of	O
consideration	O
is	O
most	O
often	O
not	O
obvious	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
everywhere	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
these	O
forms	O
of	O
discrimination	O
very	O
seldom	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
whole	O
"	O
Han	B-NORP
race	O
"	O
as	O
an	O
abstract	O
;	O
most	O
often	O
they	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
system	O
-	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
ethnic	O
rule	O
that	O
combines	O
centralized	O
authority	O
+	O
representatives	O
of	O
local	O
minorities	O
.	O


It	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
denied	O
;	O
minorities	O
have	O
many	O
faults	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
at	O
the	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
society	O
are	O
blameless	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
our	O
Han	B-NORP
compatriots	O
at	O
the	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
society	O
are	O
blameless	O
.	O


Those	O
who	O
should	O
be	O
blamed	O
are	O
the	O
cadres	O
in	O
the	O
upper	O
echelons	O
of	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
ethnic	O
cadres	O
and	O
the	O
influential	O
capitalists	O
in	O
league	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
when	O
the	O
local	O
tyrants	O
and	O
despots	O
among	O
the	O
minorities	O
were	O
overthrown	O
,	O
the	O
masses	O
of	O
minorities	O
and	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
were	O
equally	O
happy	O
.	O


But	O
today	O
they	O
find	O
that	O
the	O
cadres	O
and	O
capitalists	O
from	O
those	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
are	O
now	O
standing	O
together	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
people	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
class	O
from	O
those	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
are	O
beginning	O
to	O
suppress	O
them	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
some	O
people	O
say	O
that	O
the	B-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
and	O
most	O
Han	B-NORP
cadres	O
have	O
made	O
many	O
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
border	O
and	O
minority	O
areas	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
sacrificed	O
so	O
much	O
.	O


Right	O
,	O
the	O
minorities	O
should	O
be	O
grateful	O
and	O
remember	O
the	O
contributions	O
of	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
cadres	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
proves	O
that	O
any	O
two	B-CARDINAL
ethnic	O
groups	O
can	O
live	O
peacefully	O
together	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
Party	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
country	O
have	O
a	O
duty	O
to	O
provide	O
basic	O
infrastructure	O
and	O
improve	O
economic	O
development	O
,	O


because	O
since	O
you	O
govern	O
this	O
land	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
collect	O
taxes	O
,	O
do	O
you	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
wipe	O
your	O
ass	O
and	O
leave	O
?	O


More	O
importantly	O
,	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
"	O
preferential	O
policy	O
"	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
given	O
by	O
a	O
powerful	O
ethnic	O
group	O
or	O
force	O
.	O


This	O
should	O
be	O
common	O
knowledge	O
-	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
can	O
give	O
are	O
always	O
higher	O
-	O
ups	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
weaker	O
ethnic	O
groups	O
can	O
only	O
accept	O
it	O
passively	O
.	O


But	O
let	O
's	O
not	O
mention	O
on	O
what	O
basis	O
the	B-ORG
Communist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
divided	O
55	B-CARDINAL
ethnic	O
groups	O
into	O
"	O
minorities	O
"	O
!!??	O


The	O
essence	O
of	O
our	O
Party	B-ORG
's	O
ethnic	O
preferential	O
policies	O
is	O
to	O
permanently	O
institute	O
this	O
strong	O
-	O
weak	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
race	O
and	O
its	O
fraternal	O
ethnic	O
groups	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
center	O
and	O
the	O
fringe	O
,	O
the	O
governing	O
and	O
the	O
governed	O
.	O


Let	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
race	O
-LRB-	O
mainly	O
meaning	O
the	O
inner	O
bureaucracy	O
-RRB-	O
act	O
like	O
the	O
emperor	O
,	O
doling	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
"	O
minority	O
"	O
here	O
and	O
there	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
"	O
minorities	O
"	O
can	O
only	O
feel	O
deeply	O
grateful	O
,	O
how	O
will	O
they	O
dare	O
discuss	O
equality	O
!!	O


People	O
who	O
are	O
given	O
consideration	O
are	O
in	O
mainstream	O
eyes	O
the	O
weak	O
;	O
as	O
time	O
goes	O
by	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
minorities	O
"	O
who	O
are	O
given	O
consideration	O
also	O
get	O
accustomed	O
to	O
this	O
arrangement	O
and	O
believe	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
the	O
weak	O
ones	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
dominated	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
inferior	O
!!!!	O


Do	O
n't	O
you	O
see	O
it	O
,	O


but	O
whenever	O
there	O
is	O
some	O
event	O
like	O
National	B-EVENT
Day	I-EVENT
or	O
May	B-EVENT
First	I-EVENT
,	O
all	O
the	O
ethnic	O
groups	O
get	O
together	O
in	O
Tiananmen	B-FAC
Square	I-FAC
,	O
and	O
people	O
dress	O
as	O
"	O
minorities	O
,	O
"	O
wear	O
their	O
costumes	O
,	O
their	O
traditional	O
folk	O
dress	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
have	O
never	O
worn	O
such	O
outfits	O
in	O
their	O
daily	O
lives	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
leaders	O
and	O
representatives	O
are	O
wearing	O
Western	O
suits	O
and	O
leather	O
shoes	O
.	O


What	O
does	O
this	O
explain	O
?	O


It	O
perfectly	O
reflects	O
this	O
strong	O
-	O
weak	O
relationship	O
:	O
the	O
Han	B-NORP
are	O
contemporary	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
minorities	O
are	O
backward	O
,	O
stuck	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
and	O
abnormal	O
!!!!	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
price	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
being	O
considered	O
!!!	O


What	O
need	O
is	O
even	O
there	O
to	O
talk	O
of	O
abuse	O
!!??	O


All	O
ethnic	O
groups	O
have	O
been	O
enslaved	O
.	O


What	O
else	O
is	O
there	O
?	O


The	O
result	O
of	O
receiving	O
consideration	O
is	O
the	O
degeneration	O
of	O
these	O
ethnic	O
groups	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
hope	O
of	O
progress	O
.	O


Do	O
n't	O
we	O
really	O
know	O
where	O
those	O
people	O
got	O
their	O
sour	O
grapes	O
?	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
・	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
mitbbs.com	O
・	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
67.177.	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


New	O
Immigrant	O
Ding	B-PERSON
Yunhong	I-PERSON
Sues	O
Federal	O
Government	O


ARSU	B-PERSON


Poster	O
:	O
ARSU	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Unknown	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Forum	O
:	O
CanadaNews	B-ORG


Title	O
:	O
New	O
Immigrant	O
Ding	B-PERSON
Yunhong	I-PERSON
Sues	O
Federal	O
Government	O


Poster	O
's	O
Site	O
:	O
mitbbs.com	O
BBS	O
-LRB-	O
Fri	B-DATE
Jan	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
13:41:01	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
-RRB-	O


Ding	B-PERSON
Yunhong	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
came	O
from	O
mainland	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
then	O
immigrated	O
to	O
Windsor	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
Ontario	I-GPE
,	O
by	O
way	O
of	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
will	O
attend	O
the	O
public	O
hearing	O
for	O
judgment	O
on	O
his	O
accusation	O
of	O
the	O
federal	O
government	O
at	O
10:00	B-TIME
a.m.	I-TIME
next	B-DATE
Monday	I-DATE
-LRB-	B-DATE
January	I-DATE
8	I-DATE
-RRB-	I-DATE
at	O
the	O
federal	O
appeal	O
court	O
in	O
Toronto	B-GPE
.	O


During	O
Ding	B-PERSON
Yunhong	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
application	O
for	O
citizenship	O
,	O
a	O
CIC	B-ORG
official	O
accused	O
him	O
of	O
violating	O
the	O
law	O
such	O
as	O
going	O
to	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
without	O
notification	O
,	O
failing	O
to	O
report	O
children	O
upon	O
landing	O
,	O
and	O
attending	O
school	O
while	O
collecting	O
unemployment	O
benefits	O
.	O


Ding	B-PERSON
Yunhong	I-PERSON
gave	O
explanations	O
and	O
responses	O
to	O
these	O
accusations	O
one	O
by	O
one	O
,	O
believing	O
that	O
this	O
government	O
official	O
's	O
abuse	O
of	O
power	O
had	O
constituted	O
infringement	O
of	O
his	O
rights	O
protected	O
by	O
the	O
Canadian	B-NORP
constitution	O
and	O
laws	O
.	O


After	O
filing	O
complaints	O
with	O
CIC	B-ORG
several	O
times	O
with	O
no	O
results	O
,	O
Ding	B-PERSON
Yunhong	I-PERSON
filed	O
a	O
complaint	O
against	O
the	O
Canadian	B-NORP
government	O
with	O
the	O
federal	O
court	O
in	O
Toronto	B-GPE
on	O
July	B-DATE
22	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2004	I-DATE
.	O


After	O
receiving	O
the	O
complaint	O
,	O
the	O
civil	O
court	O
prosecuted	O
the	O
case	O
on	O
October	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2004	I-DATE
.	O


On	O
December	B-DATE
3	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
same	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
Ding	B-PERSON
Yunhong	I-PERSON
became	O
a	O
Canadian	B-NORP
citizen	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
he	O
believed	O
he	O
had	O
suffered	O
enough	O
humiliation	O
and	O
damage	O
during	O
the	O
application	O
process	O
and	O
therefore	O
further	O
filed	O
his	O
complaint	O
with	O
the	O
federal	O
appeal	O
court	O
to	O
demand	O
justice	O
.	O


He	O
said	O
that	O
getting	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
lawsuit	O
with	O
the	O
government	O
and	O
court	O
had	O
subjected	O
him	O
and	O
his	O
family	O
to	O
tremendous	O
pains	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
suffered	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
depression	O
because	O
of	O
that	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
could	O
not	O
do	O
nothing	O
for	O
any	O
injustice	O
and	O
discrimination	O
imposed	O
on	O
him	O
and	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
fight	O
.	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
mitbbs.com	O
BBS	O
,	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
141.162.	B-CARDINAL
-RSB-	O


Low	O
-	O
Cost	O
Flying	O
;	O
the	O
Chunqiu	B-ORG
Airline	I-ORG
Experience	O


vox	O


Poster	O
:	O
vox	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
voice	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Section	O
:	O
BackHome	O
.	O


Topic	O
:	O
Low	O
-	O
Cost	O
Flying	O
;	O
the	O
Chunqiu	B-ORG
Airline	I-ORG
Experience	O
.	O


Posting	O
station	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
-LRB-	O
Sat	B-DATE
Jan	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
09:51:22	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


Low	O
-	O
Cost	O
Flying	O
;	O
the	O
Chunqiu	B-ORG
Airline	I-ORG
Experience	O
.	O


vox	O


The	O
country	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
civilian	O
-	O
operated	O
airline	O
is	O
headquartered	O
in	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
first	B-ORDINAL
impression	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
name	O
is	O
too	O
vulgar	O
,	O
china-sss.com	B-ORG
,	O
would	O
anybody	O
be	O
interested	O
in	O
putting	O
this	O
company	O
's	O
announcement	O
on	O
Jay	B-PERSON
Leno	I-PERSON
?	O


I	O
heard	O
people	O
saying	O
the	O
ticket	O
prices	O
are	O
cheap	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
went	O
online	O
and	O
looked	O
;	O
there	O
are	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
classes	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
class	O
cabin	O
.	O


Every	O
day	O
a	O
certain	O
number	O
of	O
specially	O
priced	O
seats	O
can	O
be	O
reserved	O
only	O
online	O
.	O


The	O
ticket	O
prices	O
are	O
certainly	O
the	O
cheapest	O
.	O


Chunqiu	B-ORG
is	O
encouraging	O
online	O
booking	O
with	O
a	O
30	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
discount	O
,	O
which	O
saves	O
on	O
costs	O
.	O


But	O
paying	O
online	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
is	O
extremely	O
complicated	O
;	O
that	O
's	O
another	O
story	O
.	O


The	O
baggage	O
limit	O
is	O
15	B-QUANTITY
kg	I-QUANTITY
,	O
but	O
I	O
see	O
lots	O
of	O
people	O
whose	O
baggage	O
are	O
definitely	O
over	O
that	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
see	O
complete	O
data	O
online	O
for	O
their	O
flight	O
safety	O
record	O
.	O


The	O
A320	B-PRODUCT
model	O
is	O
one	O
commonly	O
used	O
only	O
on	O
minor	O
routes	O
.	O


The	O
planes	O
are	O
not	O
as	O
old	O
as	O
the	O
same	O
models	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
U.	I-GPE
S.	I-GPE


Signs	O
say	O
the	O
life	O
vests	O
are	O
under	O
the	O
seats	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
fact	O
under	O
the	O
seats	O
it	O
's	O
absolutely	O
empty	O
.	O


Someone	O
next	O
to	O
me	O
asked	O
the	O
flight	O
attendant	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
unable	O
to	O
answer	O
.	O


A	O
male	O
flight	O
attendant	O
then	O
said	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
life	O
vests	O
.	O


After	O
I	O
got	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
States	B-GPE
I	O
hitched	O
a	O
ride	O
on	O
a	O
plane	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
model	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
signs	O
said	O
the	O
seat	O
padding	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
flotation	O
device	O
.	O


That	O
must	O
be	O
correct	O
.	O


On	O
board	O
,	O
aside	O
from	O
a	O
small	O
bottle	O
of	O
water	O
,	O
no	O
beverages	O
were	O
offered	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
selling	O
boxed	O
meals	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
packaging	O
,	O
for	O
￥28	B-MONEY
a	O
box	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
also	O
soy	O
-	O
sauce	O
eggs	O
,	O
preserved	O
eggs	O
,	O
peanuts	O
and	O
other	O
snacks	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
not	O
feel	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
approach	O
on	O
brief	O
short	O
-	O
haul	O
passenger	O
flights	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
they	O
have	O
to	O
remember	O
the	O
passenger	O
's	O
order	O
and	O
seat	O
number	O
,	O
collect	O
the	O
money	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
check	O
for	O
counterfeits	O
-RRB-	O
.	O
Then	O
heat	O
the	O
meal	O
,	O
deliver	O
the	O
meal	O
...	O
there	O
's	O
more	O
than	O
just	O
one	B-CARDINAL
type	O
of	O
meal	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
preparation	O
is	O
n't	O
always	O
simple	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
all	O
helter	O
-	O
skelter	O
enough	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
were	O
still	O
eating	O
just	O
before	O
the	O
plane	O
landed	O
.	O


Plus	O
they	O
also	O
enthusiastically	O
peddle	O
gifts	O
to	O
earn	O
extra	O
income	O
.	O
Such	O
as	O
model	O
airplanes	O
,	O
dolls	O
...	O


I	O
saw	O
one	B-CARDINAL
person	O
pay	O
200	B-CARDINAL
for	O
a	O
model	O
airplane	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
empty	O
seats	O
,	O
the	O
plane	O
even	O
has	O
passengers	O
going	O
to	O
different	O
destinations	O
;	O
after	O
the	O
plane	O
landed	O
at	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
those	O
people	O
stayed	O
on	O
the	O
plane	O
and	O
waited	O
for	O
the	O
cabin	O
to	O
be	O
cleaned	O
and	O
tidied	O
,	O
and	O
only	O
after	O
new	O
passengers	O
were	O
boarded	O
did	O
they	O
continue	O
on	O
their	O
way	O
.	O


After	O
we	O
landed	O
at	O
Shanghai	B-GPE
,	O
an	O
airport	O
bus	O
transferred	O
us	O
;	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
use	O
the	O
bridge	O
.	O


They	O
said	O
this	O
was	O
another	O
cost	O
-	O
saving	O
measure	O
.	O


In	O
short	O
,	O
the	O
plane	O
was	O
on	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
baggage	O
was	O
delivered	O
quickly	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
service	O
was	O
OK	O
.	O


This	O
kind	O
of	O
train	O
-	O
like	O
business	O
approach	O
is	O
rather	O
unusual	O
.	O


--	O


Dezhou	O
Casino	O
monopoly	O
,	O
rocket	O
calf	O
spur	O
.	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
・	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
・	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
68.92.	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


Diagram	O
of	O
this	O
topic	O
:	O
IMG_0782.JPG	O
-LRB-	O
762259	O
bytes	O
-RRB-	O


Cultural	O
Revolution	O
?	O
Makes	O
Me	O
Think	O
of	O
the	O
Past	O


iseesea	O


Poster	O
:	O
iseesea	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
iseesoisee	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Section	O
:	O
Overseas	O
.	O


Topic	O
:	O
Cultural	O
Revolution	O
?	O
Makes	O
Me	O
Think	O
of	O
the	O
Past	O


Posting	O
station	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
-LRB-	O
Wed	B-DATE
Jan	I-DATE
24	I-DATE
00:42:30	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


This	O
anti-Cui	O
"	O
movement	O
"	O
made	O
me	O
think	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
in	O
junior	O
high	O
school	O
,	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
lived	O
nearby	O
died	O
;	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
why	O
,	O
but	O
rumors	O
started	O
flying	O
,	O
everybody	O
said	O
his	O
wife	O
murdered	O
him	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
had	O
been	O
together	O
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
their	O
two	B-CARDINAL
children	O
were	O
older	O
than	O
I	O
was	O
.	O


This	O
man	O
was	O
very	O
honest	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
woman	O
had	O
always	O
been	O
very	O
sociable	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
medical	O
examiner	O
had	O
already	O
examined	O
the	O
body	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
where	O
all	O
this	O
talk	O
came	O
from	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
man	O
's	O
family	O
insisted	O
on	O
reopening	O
the	O
casket	O
and	O
re-examining	O
it	O
.	O


This	O
affair	O
stirred	O
up	O
quite	O
a	O
hubbub	O
in	O
our	O
little	O
town	O
.	O


My	O
mom	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
just	O
kept	O
discussing	O
it	O
on	O
and	O
on	O
.	O


To	O
my	O
mind	O
it	O
was	O
totally	O
uninteresting	O
,	O
I	O
just	O
felt	O
these	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
women	O
were	O
extremely	O
suspicious	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
could	O
n't	O
see	O
what	O
all	O
the	O
fuss	O
was	O
over	O
that	O
woman	O
.	O


Then	O
one	B-DATE
day	I-DATE
my	O
mom	O
was	O
at	O
the	O
table	O
,	O
the	O
saliva	O
spraying	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
just	O
could	O
n't	O
stand	O
it	O
anymore	O
.	O


Mom	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
keep	O
repeating	O
what	O
other	O
people	O
say	O
,	O
OK	O
?	O


You	O
say	O
somebody	O
killed	O
somebody	O
;	O
what	O
proof	O
do	O
you	O
have	O
?	O


My	O
mom	O
rapped	O
her	O
chopsticks	O
on	O
the	O
table	O
:	O
You	O
're	O
just	O
a	O
kid	O
,	O
what	O
do	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


There	O
are	O
no	O
waves	O
without	O
wind	O
;	O
if	O
this	O
were	O
nothing	O
,	O
people	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
talking	O
about	O
it	O
so	O
much	O
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
dare	O
answer	O
the	O
old	O
lady	O
back	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
thought	O
to	O
myself	O
:	O
Just	O
wait	O
and	O
see	O
,	O
wait	O
until	O
this	O
woman	O
has	O
been	O
proven	O
innocent	O
,	O
then	O
you	O
wo	O
n't	O
have	O
anything	O
to	O
say	O
.	O


This	O
woman	O
was	O
really	O
quite	O
a	O
character	O
;	O
not	O
only	O
was	O
she	O
on	O
good	O
terms	O
with	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
bigwigs	O
at	O
the	O
plant	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
also	O
quite	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
public	O
security	O
bureau	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
transferred	O
over	O
temporarily	O
from	O
the	O
plant	O
.	O


The	O
matter	O
of	O
whether	O
to	O
open	O
the	O
casket	O
dragged	O
on	O
and	O
on	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
pressure	O
from	O
public	O
opinion	O
was	O
so	O
great	O
,	O
they	O
re-examined	O
the	O
body	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
result	O
was	O
poisoning	O
.	O


When	O
that	O
came	O
out	O
,	O
everybody	O
was	O
in	O
an	O
uproar	O
.	O


To	O
calm	O
the	O
public	O
,	O
finally	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
trial	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
woman	O
was	O
found	O
guilty	O
of	O
murdering	O
her	O
husband	O
.	O


Everybody	O
felt	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
case	O
,	O
she	O
would	O
certainly	O
get	O
the	O
death	O
penalty	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
was	O
given	O
a	O
stay	O
of	O
execution	O
.	O


After	O
several	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
public	O
security	O
bureau	O
became	O
head	O
of	O
the	O
provincial	O
public	O
security	O
department	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
some	O
people	O
said	O
that	O
again	O
this	O
woman	O
might	O
show	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
provincial	O
capital	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
world	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
"	O
wretched	O
men	O
"	O
who	O
waste	O
endless	O
time	O
tangled	O
up	O
in	O
this	O
sort	O
of	O
thing	O
like	O
Cui	O
's	O
,	O
or	O
"	O
big	O
-	O
mouthed	O
women	O
"	O
like	O
my	O
mother	O
,	O
people	O
like	O
them	O
,	O
who	O
I	O
feel	O
have	O
always	O
been	O
good	O
at	O
certain	O
things	O
,	O
then	O
people	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
away	O
with	O
murder	O
or	O
other	O
crimes	O
.	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
・	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
・	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
76.171.	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


Having	O
Seen	O
that	O
for	O
Two	B-DATE
Days	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
Feel	O
Really	O
Fucking	O
Blocked	O
Up	O
at	O
Heart	O
.	O


nihuai	B-PERSON


Poster	O
:	O
nihuai	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
DULM	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Area	O
:	O
Overseas	O
.	O


Title	O
:	O
Having	O
Seen	O
that	O
for	O
Two	B-DATE
Days	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
Feel	O
Really	O
Fucking	O
Blocked	O
Up	O
at	O
Heart	O
.	O


Originating	O
site	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unknown	O
Space	O
-LRB-	O
Sun	B-DATE
Jan	I-DATE
21	I-DATE
21:10:52	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


In	O
principle	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
already	O
in	O
my	B-DATE
thirties	I-DATE
and	O
turning	O
forty	B-DATE
anyhow	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
am	O
still	O
disgusted	O
upon	O
seeing	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
not	O
sure	O
if	O
Cui	B-PERSON
fucked	O
a	O
minor	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
was	O
my	O
friend	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
most	O
probably	O
avoid	O
contacting	O
him	O
until	O
he	O
cleans	O
it	O
off	O
.	O


People	O
have	O
bottom	O
lines	O
after	O
all	O
.	O


Some	O
things	O
are	O
absolutely	O
unacceptable	O
,	O
like	O
murder	O
,	O
like	O
fucking	O
a	O
minor	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
back	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
tutored	O
little	O
girls	O
at	O
two	B-CARDINAL
relatives	O
homes	O
,	O
feeling	O
14	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
17	I-DATE
is	O
a	O
very	O
dangerous	O
age	O
group	O
for	O
girls	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
see	O
clearly	O
how	O
she	O
considers	O
problems	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
easily	O
opens	O
up	O
her	O
thoughts	O
and	O
emotions	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
.	O


where	O
the	O
worst	O
is	O
she	O
thinks	O
she	O
understands	O
everything	O
.	O


Only	O
rascals	O
would	O
harm	O
these	O
people	O
.	O


You	O
will	O
understand	O
what	O
I	O
mean	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
daughter	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
something	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
never	O
understand	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
having	O
sexual	O
impulse	O
for	O
girls	O
between	O
14	B-DATE
and	I-DATE
17	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
only	O
makes	O
me	O
feel	O
funny	O
and	O
concerned	O
to	O
know	O
their	O
various	O
naive	O
and	O
innocent	O
thoughts	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
their	O
virtually	O
groundless	O
admiration	O
for	O
and	O
trust	O
in	O
you	O
.	O


Who	O
will	O
harm	O
these	O
people	O
?	O


When	O
I	O
just	O
met	O
my	O
wife	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
a	O
volunteer	O
at	O
some	O
women	O
's	O
organizations	O
.	O


I	O
also	O
went	O
for	O
help	O
and	O
met	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
single	O
mothers	O
discarded	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
tortured	O
by	O
men	O
.	O


Many	O
ideas	O
have	O
changed	O
.	O


People	O
can	O
be	O
very	O
bad	O
,	O
while	O
simultaneously	O
they	O
are	O
decent	O
lawyers	O
,	O
doctors	O
,	O
professors	O
and	O
engineers	O
.	O


Many	O
people/matters	O
make	O
you	O
hard	O
to	O
believe	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
are	O
just	O
like	O
the	O
colleagues	O
and	O
teachers	O
around	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
have	O
done	O
very	O
contemptible	O
things	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
said	O
even	O
worse	O
than	O
beasts	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
I	O
always	O
thought	O
many	O
laws	O
and	O
regulations	O
were	O
ridiculous	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
but	O
I	O
feel	O
they	O
are	O
quite	O
reasonable	O
after	O
experiencing	O
these	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
weak	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
for	O
the	O
powerful	O
to	O
sacrifice	O
some	O
interests	O
or	O
conveniences	O
.	O


After	O
all	O
,	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
"	O
sacrifices	O
"	O
are	O
no	O
big	O
deal	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
disasters	O
endured	O
by	O
the	O
weak	O
are	O
much	O
heavier	O
.	O


Please	O
guard	O
your	O
moral	O
bottom	O
line	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
teenage	O
daughter	O
.	O


--	O


Territories	O
are	O
conquered	O
,	O
while	O
affections	O
are	O
nurtured	O
!	O
.	O


*	O
Reivsion	O
:	O
·	O
nihuai	B-PERSON
revised	O
the	O
article	O
at	O
Jan	B-DATE
21	I-DATE
21:12:01	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
·	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
68.189.	B-CARDINAL
-RSB-	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
·	O
BBS	O
Unknown	O
Space	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
·	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
68.189.	B-CARDINAL
-RSB-	O


Instead	O
of	O
Fighting	O
among	O
Ourselves	O
,	O
Think	O
of	O
Whether	O
You	O
Have	O
Actual	O
Power	O
to	O
Seek	O
Benefits	O
for	O
Chinese	B-NORP
People	O


zhuxi	B-PERSON


Poster	O
:	O
zhuxi	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
chairperson	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Forum	O
:	O
Overseas	O


Title	O
:	O
Instead	O
of	O
Fighting	O
among	O
Ourselves	O
,	O
Think	O
of	O
Whether	O
You	O
have	O
Actual	O
Power	O
to	O
Seek	O
Benefits	O
for	O
Chinese	B-NORP
People	O


Poster	O
's	O
Site	O
:	O
mitbbs.com	O
BBS	O
-LRB-	O
Wed	B-DATE
Jan	I-DATE
3	I-DATE
00:39:42	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
-RRB-	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
Chinese	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
are	O
already	O
an	O
underrepresented	O
group	O
among	O
the	O
underrepresented	O
groups	O
.	O


Their	O
actual	O
power	O
is	O
far	O
less	O
than	O
Indians	B-NORP
'	O
.	O


Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
's	O
influence	O
on	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
politics	O
and	O
society	O
is	O
almost	B-CARDINAL
zero	I-CARDINAL
.	O


It	O
can	O
be	O
said	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
typically	O
subject	O
to	O
excessive	O
humiliation	O
-LRB-	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
misuse	O
the	O
word	O
,	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
US	B-GPE
media	O
can	O
openly	O
humiliate	O
Chinese	B-NORP
without	O
having	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
consequences	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Under	O
such	O
circumstances	O
,	O
these	O
self	O
-	O
proclaimed	O
,	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
elites	O
,	O
graduates	O
of	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
"	O
famous	O
"	O
universities	O
-LRB-	O
Note	O
,	O
I	O
mean	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
n't	O
many	O
of	O
those	O
braggarts	O
attending	O
the	O
famous	O
US	B-GPE
universities	O
in	O
which	O
their	O
departments	O
are	O
the	O
top	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
thinking	O
about	O
how	O
to	O
get	O
united	O
,	O
are	O
getting	O
themselves	O
disabled	O
first	B-ORDINAL
.	O


Assuming	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
achieved	O
the	O
best	O
you	O
have	O
wanted	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
students	O
from	O
your	O
respectful	O
universities	O
left	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
what	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
result	O
?	O


Could	O
things	O
exist	O
with	O
their	O
foundation	O
gone	O
?	O


I	O
guess	O
your	O
days	O
would	O
be	O
also	O
numbered	O
.	O


Indians	B-NORP
are	O
waiting	O
to	O
reap	O
profits	O
from	O
your	O
conflict	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
think	O
I	O
am	O
exaggerating	O
things	O
to	O
scare	O
people	O
,	O
then	O
shut	O
up	O
.	O


No	O
more	O
wasting	O
your	O
own	O
and	O
other	O
people	O
's	O
time	O
out	O
of	O
boredom	O
.	O


Be	O
a	O
student	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
researcher	O
,	O
what	O
ultimately	O
counts	O
is	O
the	O
vision	O
.	O


Nobel	B-WORK_OF_ART
prizes	I-WORK_OF_ART
are	O
not	O
given	O
to	O
highest	O
scorers	O
on	O
the	O
college	O
entrance	O
exams	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
can	O
clearly	O
point	O
the	O
direction	O
in	O
their	O
chosen	O
field	O
.	O


Playing	O
little	O
clever	O
tricks	O
on	O
minor	O
issues	O
,	O
but	O
blinded	O
to	O
major	O
issues	O
by	O
trifles	O
are	O
not	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
elites	O
.	O


Elites	O
at	O
least	O
should	O
"	O
not	O
be	O
muddle	O
-	O
headed	O
in	O
major	O
affairs	O
.	O
"	O


Those	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
use	O
abusive	O
words	O
,	O
continue	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
I	O
would	O
be	O
drowned	O
in	O
your	O
saliva	O
,	O
I	O
still	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
speak	O
for	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
compatriots	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
get	O
united	O
.	O


To	O
put	O
it	O
impolitely	O
,	O
you	O
people	O
and	O
your	O
name	O
will	O
be	O
both	O
gone	O
,	O
while	O
rivers	O
will	O
flow	O
on	O
forever	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
whoever	O
seeks	O
benefits	O
for	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
will	O
be	O
respected	O
by	O
all	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
something	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
through	O
arguments	O
.	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
mitbbs.com	O
BBS	O
,	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
75.80.	B-CARDINAL
-RSB-	O


I	O
am	O
grateful	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG


huff	O


Poster	O
:	O
huff	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Brigade	O
chief	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
section	O
:	O
Overseas	O
.	O


Topic	O
:	O
I	O
am	O
grateful	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG


Posting	O
station	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
-LRB-	O
Tue	B-DATE
Jan	I-DATE
2	I-DATE
12:18:26	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Forward	O
.	O


Everybody	O
has	O
their	O
own	O
reasons	O
for	O
choosing	O
a	O
university	O
;	O
because	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
living	O
in	O
Hefei	B-GPE
is	O
cheaper	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
my	O
parents	O
to	O
spend	O
all	O
their	O
money	O
,	O
I	O
chose	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Science	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Technology	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
China	I-ORG
.	O


Years	B-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
looking	O
back	O
on	O
this	O
choice	O
,	O
I	O
certainly	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
any	O
regrets	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
if	O
I	O
'd	O
chosen	O
two	B-CARDINAL
schools	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
be	O
here	O
today	O
talking	O
about	O
how	O
USTC	B-ORG
is	O
.	O


But	O
USTC	B-ORG
at	O
the	O
time	O
was	O
weak	O
;	O
considering	O
location	O
,	O
expenses	O
,	O
promotion	O
and	O
connections	O
,	O
USTC	B-ORG
's	O
greatest	O
wealth	O
was	O
its	O
students	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
had	O
n't	O
come	O
forward	O
and	O
done	O
something	O
for	O
USTC	B-ORG
,	O
it	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
finished	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
main	O
reason	O
USTC	B-ORG
students	O
banded	O
together	O
.	O


Because	O
I	O
chose	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
as	O
my	O
career	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
grateful	O
to	O
USTC	B-ORG
for	O
teaching	O
me	O
many	O
things	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
am	O
grateful	O
to	O
the	O
reputation	O
established	O
by	O
the	O
previous	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
university	O
,	O
who	O
enabled	O
those	O
who	O
came	O
after	O
to	O
benefit	O
from	O
it	O
.	O


Precisely	O
because	O
I	O
feel	O
this	O
gratitude	O
,	O
I	O
want	O
to	O
repay	O
USTC	B-ORG
.	O


I	O
regularly	O
do	O
my	O
job	O
properly	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
let	O
USTC	B-ORG
lose	O
face	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
save	O
money	O
out	O
of	O
my	O
meager	O
fellowship	O
to	O
help	O
a	O
poor	O
university	O
student	O
with	O
his	O
living	O
expenses	O
for	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
to	O
make	O
my	O
contributions	O
;	O
I	O
also	O
want	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
needed	O
help	O
to	O
future	O
students	O
of	O
my	O
university	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
see	O
people	O
attacking	O
USTC	B-ORG
,	O
I	O
sometimes	O
want	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
defend	O
it	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
that	O
may	O
not	O
help	O
much	O
.	O


Those	O
USTC	B-ORG
haters	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
reasons	O
;	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
intend	O
to	O
change	O
their	O
thinking	O
.	O


But	O
with	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
universities	O
being	O
so	O
backward	O
,	O
what	O
contributions	O
have	O
these	O
naysayers	O
really	O
made	O
to	O
their	O
alma	O
maters	O
and	O
their	O
country	O
?	O


Like	O
gaddy	B-PERSON
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
who	O
first	O
badmouths	O
USTC	B-ORG
students	O
for	O
not	O
wanting	O
to	O
contribute	O
money	O
,	O
says	O
he	O
himself	O
has	O
some	O
money	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
wants	O
to	O
spend	O
money	O
filing	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
dispute	O
over	O
personal	O
feelings	O
on	O
the	O
bbs	O
.	O


This	O
hater	O
really	O
has	O
some	O
problems	O
of	O
his	O
own	O
.	O


After	O
graduating	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
go	O
back	O
;	O
no	O
matter	O
where	O
I	O
work	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
still	O
a	O
USTC	B-ORG
student	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
have	O
no	O
regrets	O
about	O
USTC	B-ORG
and	O
no	O
regrets	O
about	O
my	O
country	O
.	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
・	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
mitbbs.com	O
・	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
74.139.	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


hrfrank	O


Poster	O
:	O
hrfrank	O
-LRB-	O
crazy	O
frank	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Section	O
:	O
Overseas	O
.	O


Topic	O
:	O
Re	O
:	O
I	O
am	O
grateful	O
to	O
USTC	O
.	O


Posting	O
station	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
-LRB-	O
Tue	O
Jan	O
2	O
19:23:41	O
2007	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
also	O
a	O
USTC	B-ORG
student	O
,	O
but	O
everybody	O
has	O
studied	O
abroad	O
;	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
divide	O
up	O
into	O
groups	O
and	O
quarrel	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
love	O
to	O
beat	O
up	O
on	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
.	O


I	O
love	O
USTC	B-ORG
,	O
I	O
love	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


Without	O
the	O
fatherland	O
,	O
there	O
'd	O
be	O
no	O
USTC	B-ORG
-LRB-	O
or	O
your	O
university	O
-RRB-	O
;	O
without	O
USTC	B-ORG
-LRB-	O
or	O
your	O
university	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
there	O
'd	O
be	O
no	O
me	O
now	O
.	O


Everybody	O
is	O
XDJM	O
,	O
so	O
let	O
's	O
not	O
keep	O
burning	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
OK	O
?	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
・	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
・	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
74.71.	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


What	O
shoes	O
to	O
wear	O
for	O
badminton	O
-LSB-	O
ZT	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


Smash	O


Poster	O
:	O
Smash	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Simaxie~Ball	O
killer	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Section	O
:	O
Badminton	O
.	O


Topic	O
:	O
What	O
shoes	O
to	O
wear	O
for	O
badminton	O
-LSB-	O
ZT	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


Posting	O
station	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
-LRB-	O
Thu	B-DATE
Jan	I-DATE
11	I-DATE
15:37:50	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
.	O


Select	O
and	O
buy	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
.	O


Internal	O
support	O
characteristics	O
.	O


Multidirectional	O
movement	O
during	O
aerobic	O
exercise	O
requires	O
extremely	O
solid	O
shoes	O
.	O


Each	O
manufacturer	O
provides	O
different	O
internal	O
support	O
characteristics	O
.	O


Some	O
manufacturers	O
use	O
a	O
molded	O
midsole	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
foot	O
can	O
land	O
just	O
right	O
inside	O
the	O
shoe	O
;	O
fibers	O
going	O
all	O
around	O
the	O
shoes	O
can	O
also	O
provide	O
support	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
increase	O
shoe	O
flexibility	O
,	O
some	O
manufacturers	O
add	O
a	O
fiberboard	O
padding	O
only	O
at	O
the	O
heel	O
.	O


External	O
support	O
.	O


A	O
firm	O
,	O
resistant	O
heel	O
support	O
can	O
greatly	O
reduce	O
heel	O
displacement	O
.	O


The	O
wider	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
outsole	O
is	O
called	O
the	O
heel	O
fixed	O
strip	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
made	O
of	O
plastic	O
and	O
spreads	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
around	O
the	O
foot	O
,	O
attached	O
to	O
the	O
heel	O
support	O
.	O


Many	O
shoes	O
now	O
use	O
a	O
fixed	O
frame	O
;	O
the	O
fixed	O
frame	O
is	O
a	O
polymer	O
part	O
that	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
support	O
and	O
is	O
distributed	O
longitudinally	O
around	O
the	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
shoe	O
.	O


Other	O
stability	O
characteristics	O
include	O
a	O
plastic	O
support	O
strip	O
-LRB-	O
generally	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
eyelets	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Velcro	B-ORG
hook	O
,	O
middle	O
uppers	O
can	O
also	O
provide	O
side	O
support	O
characteristics	O
.	O


Shock	O
absorption	O
.	O


Repeated	O
impacts	O
during	O
aerobic	O
exercise	O
produces	O
unique	O
pressures	O
that	O
generally	O
correspond	O
to	O
five	B-CARDINAL
times	O
your	O
body	O
weight	O
.	O


Therefore	O
good	O
shock	O
-	O
absorbing	O
performance	O
is	O
essential	O
.	O


The	O
midsole	O
helps	O
to	O
disperse	O
these	O
impacts	O
.	O


A	O
good	O
midsole	O
is	O
made	O
from	O
extruded	O
EVA	O
or	O
polyurethane	O
.	O


The	O
various	O
manufacturers	O
have	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
various	O
technologies	O
to	O
further	O
increase	O
the	O
midsole	O
's	O
shock	O
absorption	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
are	O
someone	O
with	O
insufficient	O
downward	O
tilting	O
,	O
or	O
engage	O
in	O
intense	O
exercise	O
,	O
you	O
may	O
require	O
greater	O
shock	O
absorption	O
than	O
people	O
with	O
excess	O
downward	O
tilting	O
.	O


Replaceable	O
insoles	O
.	O


The	O
insole	O
also	O
has	O
a	O
certain	O
shock	O
-	O
absorbing	O
function	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
easiest	O
to	O
ruin	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
replacing	O
the	O
insole	O
when	O
the	O
shoe	O
is	O
halfway	O
through	O
its	O
life	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
basic	O
principle	O
involved	O
;	O
after	O
150	B-DATE
hours	I-DATE
of	O
aerobic	O
exercise	O
,	O
the	O
insole	O
may	O
lose	O
its	O
bounce	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
when	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
replaced	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
This	O
varies	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
person	O
and	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
training	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Elasticity	O
.	O


A	O
shoe	O
's	O
elasticity	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
how	O
you	O
feel	O
when	O
your	O
feet	O
move	O
.	O


Shoes	O
with	O
just	O
a	O
fiberboard	O
pad	O
at	O
the	O
heel	O
have	O
better	O
flexibility	O
than	O
athletic	O
shoes	O
using	O
a	O
complete	O
fiberboard	O
design	O
.	O


Athletic	O
shoes	O
with	O
low	O
uppers	O
can	O
also	O
improve	O
flexibility	O
.	O


Fit	O
.	O


Your	O
feet	O
may	O
swell	O
when	O
they	O
are	O
under	O
pressure	O
and	O
engaging	O
in	O
aerobic	O
exercise	O
.	O


The	O
heat	O
produced	O
by	O
intense	O
exercise	O
may	O
cause	O
the	O
feet	O
to	O
swell	O
by	O
half	B-CARDINAL
a	O
size	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
buy	O
shoes	O
they	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
too	O
tight	O
;	O
there	O
should	O
be	O
a	O
space	O
as	O
wide	O
as	O
a	O
thumbnail	O
between	O
the	O
tip	O
of	O
the	O
shoe	O
and	O
your	O
longest	O
toe	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
your	O
toes	O
can	O
move	O
freely	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
should	O
fit	O
properly	O
at	O
the	O
heel	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
regularly	O
measure	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
your	O
feet	O
,	O
because	O
increasing	O
age	O
and	O
injuries	O
can	O
change	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
your	O
feet	O
.	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
・	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
・	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
70.62.	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


Smash	O


Poster	O
:	O
Smash	O
-LRB-	O
Simaxie~Ball	O
killer	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Section	O
:	O
Badminton	O


Topic	O
:	O
Re	O
:	O
What	O
shoes	O
to	O
wear	O
for	O
badminton	O
-LSB-	O
ZT	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


Posting	O
station	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
-LRB-	O
Thu	O
Jan	O
11	O
15:40:06	O
2007	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


"	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
regularly	O
measure	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
your	O
feet	O
,	O
because	O
increasing	O
age	O
and	O
injuries	O
can	O
change	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
your	O
feet	O
.	O
"	O


That	O
's	O
too	O
much	O
!	O


Will	O
the	O
feet	O
turn	O
into	O
three	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
inch	I-QUANTITY
"	O
Golden	O
Lotuses	O
"	O
from	O
one	B-CARDINAL
day	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
!	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
・	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
・	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
70.62.	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


yinduasan	O


Poster	O
:	O
yinduasan	O
-LRB-	O
Mutouasan	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Section	O
:	O
Badminton	O
.	O


Topic	O
:	O
Re	O
:	O
What	O
shoes	O
to	O
wear	O
for	O
badminton	O
-LSB-	O
ZT	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


Posting	O
station	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
-LRB-	O
Mon	O
Jan	O
15	O
05:15:41	O
2007	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


After	O
150	B-QUANTITY
hours	I-QUANTITY
of	O
aerobic	O
exercise	O
,	O
insoles	O
may	O
lose	O
their	O
elasticity	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
when	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
replaced	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
too	O
dogmatic	O
!	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
・	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
・	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
144.32.	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


Smash	O


Poster	O
:	O
Smash	O
-LRB-	O
Simaxie~Ball	O
killer	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Section	O
:	O
Badminton	O
.	O


Topic	O
:	O
Re	O
:	O
What	O
shoes	O
to	O
wear	O
for	O
badminton	O
-LSB-	O
ZT	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


Posting	O
station	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
-LRB-	O
Mon	O
Jan	O
15	O
09:00:15	O
2007	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


I	O
reckon	O
this	O
refers	O
to	O
domestically	O
produced	O
shoes	O
.	O


But	O
after	O
you	O
add	O
an	O
insole	O
,	O
the	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
knee	O
joints	O
is	O
much	O
less	O
.	O


The	O
kind	O
of	O
heel	O
insoles	O
on	O
the	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Mart	I-ORG
pharmacy	O
shelves	O
are	O
OK	O
.	O


【	O
in	O
yinduasan	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Mutouasan	B-PERSON
-RRB-	O
's	O
article	O
:】	O
.	O


After	O
150	B-QUANTITY
hours	I-QUANTITY
of	O
aerobic	O
exercise	O
,	O
insoles	O
may	O
lose	O
their	O
elasticity	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
when	O
they	O
should	O
be	O
replaced	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
too	O
dogmatic	O
!	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
・	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
・	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
70.62.	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


In	O
an	O
idle	O
moment	O
,	O
writing	O
about	O
my	O
blind	O
date	O
experiences	O
-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Dreamer	B-PERSON


Poster	O
:	O
Dreamer	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Do	O
n't	O
ask	O
me	O
where	O
I	O
'm	O
from	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
section	O
:	O
Dreamer	B-PERSON
.	O


Topic	O
:	O
In	O
an	O
idle	O
moment	O
,	O
writing	O
about	O
my	O
blind	O
date	O
experiences	O
-LRB-	O
1	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


Posting	O
station	O
:	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
-LRB-	O
Tue	B-DATE
Jan	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
19:34:54	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Forward	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
getting	O
older	O
,	O
and	O
my	O
mom	O
is	O
worried	O
about	O
me	O
getting	O
married	O
;	O
I	O
've	O
seen	O
a	O
few	O
to	O
ogle	O
at	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
've	O
cut	O
them	O
off	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
some	O
have	O
cut	O
me	O
off	O
.	O


No	O
success	O
so	O
far	O
.	O


Finally	O
somebody	O
introduced	O
me	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
;	O
we	O
made	O
a	O
schedule	O
for	O
the	O
weekend	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
a	O
classmate	O
's	O
house	O
for	O
dinner	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
meet	O
the	O
new	O
date	O
.	O


She	O
looked	O
not	O
bad	O
;	O
she	O
was	O
a	O
former	O
co-worker	O
of	O
our	O
classmate	O
's	O
wife	O
;	O
her	O
appearance	O
was	O
proper	O
,	O
and	O
eating	O
and	O
all	O
was	O
no	O
problem	O
;	O
I	O
'm	O
just	O
an	O
ordinary	O
older	O
WSN	O
.	O


mm	B-PERSON
chatted	O
and	O
chatted	O
,	O
and	O
discovered	O
that	O
she	O
and	O
my	O
female	O
cousin	O
were	O
classmates	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
really	O
exciting	O
.	O


Then	O
...	O
nothing	O
more	O
until	O
after	O
March	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
I	O
came	O
back	O
from	O
a	O
business	O
trip	O
...	O


My	O
schoolmate	O
's	O
wife	O
is	O
not	O
too	O
bright	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
unable	O
to	O
help	O
me	O
ask	O
mm	B-PERSON
out	O
about	O
her	O
opinion	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
was	O
also	O
embarrassed	O
to	O
ask	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
my	O
schoolmate	O
could	O
do	O
was	O
invite	O
us	O
to	O
dinner	O
again	O
.	O


mm	B-PERSON
was	O
very	O
happy	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
dinner	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
am	O
rather	O
shy	O
-LRB-	O
so	O
my	O
cousin	O
says	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
talk	O
to	O
her	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
dinner	O
we	O
all	O
sang	O
K	O
,	O
then	O
my	O
classmate	O
's	O
wife	O
suggested	O
I	O
see	O
mm	B-PERSON
home	O
.	O


She	O
refused	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
that	O
I	O
never	O
got	O
together	O
with	O
mm	B-PERSON
again	O
...	O


That	O
was	O
my	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
...	O
for	O
a	O
blind	O
date	O
...	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
・	O
BBS	O
Unnamed	O
space	O
station	O
mitbbs.com	O
・	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
Anonymous	O
angelic	O
one	O
-RSB-	O
.	O


Welcoming	O
the	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
the	I-EVENT
Pig	I-EVENT
--	O
Annual	O
Spring	B-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
Lamb	O
Hot	O
Pot	O
Party	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Beijing	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Greater	I-ORG
Washington	I-ORG


angstrom	B-PERSON


Poster	O
:	O
angstrom	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
Sail	O
--	O
lost	O
in	O
sailing	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Forum	O
:	O
Beijing	B-GPE


Title	O
:	O
Welcoming	O
the	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
the	I-EVENT
Pig	I-EVENT
--	O
Annual	O
Spring	B-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
Lamb	O
Hot	O
Pot	O
Party	O
of	O
the	O
Beijing	B-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Greater	I-ORG
Washington	I-ORG


Poster	O
's	O
Site	O
:	O
mitbbs.com	O
BBS	O
-LRB-	O
Wed	B-DATE
Jan	I-DATE
17	I-DATE
10:09:13	B-TIME
2007	B-DATE
-RRB-	O


Although	O
New	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
's	I-EVENT
Day	I-EVENT
has	O
passed	O
,	O
to	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
,	O
the	O
feeling	O
of	O
"	O
out	O
with	O
the	O
old	O
,	O
in	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
"	O
would	O
be	O
missing	O
without	O
celebrating	O
the	O
lunar	O
new	O
year	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
call	O
the	O
days	O
between	O
the	O
Western	B-NORP
new	B-EVENT
year	I-EVENT
and	O
the	B-EVENT
lunar	I-EVENT
new	I-EVENT
year	I-EVENT
"	O
floating	O
days	O
"	O
--	O
days	O
floating	O
between	O
new	O
and	O
old	O
,	O
and	O
eastern	O
and	O
western	O
cultures	O
.	O


During	O
the	O
floating	O
days	O
,	O
what	O
people	O
think	O
about	O
most	O
is	O
naturally	O
how	O
to	O
spend	O
Spring	B-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
.	O


This	O
winter	O
in	O
D.	B-GPE
C.	I-GPE
you	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
feel	O
the	O
true	O
winter	O
cold	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
lamb	O
hot	O
pot	O
party	O
hosted	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Beijing	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Greater	I-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
will	O
surely	O
let	O
you	O
feel	O
an	O
atmosphere	O
of	O
spending	O
the	B-EVENT
new	I-EVENT
year	I-EVENT
in	O
your	O
hometown	O
.	O


The	O
annual	O
Spring	B-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
lamb	O
hot	O
pot	O
party	O
has	O
been	O
held	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Beijing	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
for	O
four	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Everyone	O
who	O
has	O
attended	O
can	O
clearly	O
remember	O
the	O
unique	O
flavors	O
and	O
ingredients	O
used	O
by	O
the	B-ORG
Beijing	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
is	O
full	O
of	O
praise	O
.	O


What	O
lingers	O
in	O
people	O
's	O
minds	O
even	O
longer	O
is	O
the	O
liveliness	O
from	O
start	O
to	O
finish	O
.	O


People	O
from	O
Beijing	B-GPE
are	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
for	O
their	O
love	O
of	O
lively	O
and	O
fun	O
gatherings	O
.	O


With	O
Beijing	B-GPE
people	O
in	O
attendance	O
,	O
few	O
parties	O
would	O
lack	O
excitement	O
,	O
let	O
alone	O
when	O
so	O
many	O
Beijing	B-GPE
people	O
are	O
gathered	O
together	O
.	O


There	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
end	O
to	O
jokes	O
and	O
fun	O
.	O


At	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
you	O
will	O
regret	O
having	O
just	O
a	O
single	O
pair	O
of	O
ears	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
mouth	O
.	O


Steaming	O
lamb	O
hot	O
pot	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
this	O
lively	O
atmosphere	O
,	O
will	O
surely	O
increase	O
the	O
heart	O
-	O
felt	O
warmth	O
of	O
hometown	O
feelings	O
in	O
this	B-DATE
winter	I-DATE
that	O
is	O
already	O
not	O
very	O
cold	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Beijing	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
warmly	O
welcomes	O
all	O
members	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
any	O
friends	O
who	O
love	O
Beijing	B-GPE
and	O
love	O
the	B-ORG
Beijing	I-ORG
Association	I-ORG
,	O
to	O
attend	O
the	B-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
Golden	I-EVENT
Pig	I-EVENT
Good	I-EVENT
Luck	I-EVENT
"	I-EVENT
Spring	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
Party	I-EVENT
.	O


We	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
fun	O
and	O
surprise	O
.	O


The	O
time	O
has	O
been	O
set	O
for	O
5:00	B-TIME
p.m.	I-TIME
sharp	O
,	O
February	B-DATE
11	I-DATE
-LRB-	I-DATE
Sunday	I-DATE
-RRB-	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2007	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
location	O
is	O
Peking	B-FAC
Supreme	I-FAC
Restaurant	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
address	O
is	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O


19204	B-CARDINAL
Montgomery	B-FAC
Village	I-FAC
Ave	I-FAC
,	O
Montgomery	B-GPE
Village	I-GPE
,	O
MD	B-GPE
20886	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Telephone	O
:	O
301	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
963	I-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
8088	I-CARDINAL
.	O


Due	O
to	O
limited	O
seating	O
,	O
please	O
register	O
early	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
already	O
decided	O
to	O
attend	O
this	O
grand	O
event	O
.	O


Tickets	O
will	O
be	O
sold	O
till	O
seats	O
are	O
all	O
taken	O
.	O


Cost	O
:	O
15	B-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
per	O
person	O
,	O
children	O
under	B-DATE
8	I-DATE
free	O
.	O


For	O
registration	O
,	O
please	O
contact	O
the	O
Beijing	B-ORG
Association	I-ORG
directors	O
.	O


Contact	O
telephone	O
numbers	O
are	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O


Chairman	O
:	O
Wang	O
Jie	O
301	O
-	O
869	O
-	O
4918	O


Director	O
:	O
Shi	O
Yunzhi	O
240	O
-	O
246	O
-	O
4853	O
,	O
Li	O
Weihua	O
301	O
-	O
540	O
-	O
8085	O
,	O
Li	O
Kailun	O
571	O
-	O
276	O
-	O
021	O


Zhao	O
Jinghua	O
204	O
-	O
246	O
-	O
5703	O
,	O
Ma	O
Xinyi	O
240	O
-	O
246	O
-	O
4853	O
,	O
Wang	O
Yanping	O
301	O
-	O
540	O
-	O
8085	O


Yang	O
Kebing	O
301	O
-	O
424	O
-	O
0566	O
,	O
Liu	O
Ling	O
301	O
-	O
395	O
-	O
4344	O
,	O
Gong	O
Jing	O
240	O
-	O
631	O
-	O
0390	O


Zhou	O
Jian	O
301	O
-	O
984	O
-	O
8888	O
,	O
Li	O
Jiang	O
703	O
-	O
948	O
-	O
6889	O
,	O
Huang	O
Lei	O
703	O
-	O
626	O
-	O
9423	O


--	O


*	O
Source	O
:	O
mitbbs.com	O
BBS	O
,	O
http://mitbbs.com	O
-LSB-	O
FROM	O
:	O
69.15.	O
-RSB-	O


Do	O
CPA's	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
Make	O
a	O
Good	O
Living	O
?	O


I	O
used	O
to	O
work	O
for	O
an	O
accounting	O
firm	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
a	O
big	O
city	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
always	O
thought	O
the	O
job	O
I	O
had	O
was	O
not	O
as	O
hard	O
as	O
others	O
imagine	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
that	O
's	O
because	O
people	O
before	O
me	O
had	O
long	O
established	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
models	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
like	O
to	O
ask	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
passed	O
CPA	O
exams	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
whether	O
you	O
are	O
making	O
a	O
good	O
living	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
also	O
very	O
hard	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
pass	O
the	O
CPA	O
exams	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O


And	O
now	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
may	O
find	O
an	O
average	O
school	O
to	O
study	O
for	O
a	B-WORK_OF_ART
master	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
degree	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
and	O
then	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
do	O
I	O
have	O
to	O
start	O
preparing	O
for	O
CPA	O
exams	O
here	O
too	O
?	O


Also	O
,	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
CPA	O
and	O
certified	O
tax	O
agents	O
are	O
separate	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
,	O
are	O
there	O
exams	O
for	O
certified	O
tax	O
agents	O
?	O


Is	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
tax	O
agents	O
done	O
by	O
accounting	O
firms	O
as	O
well	O
in	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
?	O


Be	O
Your	O
Own	O
Psychiatrist	O
.	O


Li	B-PERSON
Xu	I-PERSON
.	I-PERSON


In	O
today	B-DATE
's	O
society	O
,	O
fierce	O
competition	O
,	O
cultural	O
conflicts	O
and	O
material	O
temptation	O
disturb	O
our	O
minds	O
incessantly	O
,	O
which	O
often	O
make	O
us	O
feel	O
worried	O
,	O
anxious	O
,	O
upset	O
and	O
furious	O
.	O


People	O
also	O
try	O
to	O
adjust	O
themselves	O
in	O
material	O
ways	O
,	O
but	O
those	O
often	O
fail	O
to	O
work	O
:	O
exercises	O
can	O
not	O
lessen	O
the	O
concerns	O
at	O
heart	O
;	O
physical	O
and	O
mental	O
fatigue	O
persist	O
not	O
long	O
after	O
traveling	O
;	O
the	O
soft	O
water	O
bed	O
can	O
not	O
bring	O
comfortable	O
sleeps	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
luxurious	O
room	O
can	O
not	O
dispel	O
the	O
disputes	O
of	O
spouses	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
someone	O
proposes	O
that	O
modern	O
people	O
learn	O
a	O
new	O
survival	O
skill	O
--	O
learn	O
to	O
be	O
your	O
own	O
psychiatrist	O
,	O
helping	O
yourself	O
to	O
dissolve	O
all	O
sorts	O
of	O
metal	O
stresses	O
at	O
work	O
and	O
in	O
life	O
.	O


Be	O
your	O
own	O
psychiatrist	O
,	O
simply	O
put	O
,	O
is	O
to	O
improve	O
your	O
ability	O
adjust	O
yourself	O
psychologically	O
.	O


To	O
elaborate	O
,	O
it	O
means	O
there	O
should	O
be	O
a	O
special	O
role	O
in	O
your	O
mind	O
who	O
possesses	O
"	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
eye	O
"	O
mentally	O
to	O
observe	O
your	O
emotional	O
changes	O
sensibly	O
and	O
find	O
out	O
the	O
reasons	O
for	O
mental	O
disturbances	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
just	O
like	O
the	O
"	O
guardian	O
angel	O
"	O
whom	O
everyone	O
has	O
in	O
Western	B-NORP
legends	O
,	O
who	O
gives	O
you	O
wisdom	O
at	O
critical	O
moments	O
and	O
help	O
you	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
intricate	O
reality	O
properly	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
you	O
will	O
not	O
lose	O
direction	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
famous	O
British	B-NORP
psychologist	O
named	O
Ellis	B-PERSON
in	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
who	O
encouraged	O
people	O
to	O
learn	O
a	O
special	O
,	O
reasonable	O
and	O
healthy	O
way	O
of	O
thinking	O
by	O
reading	O
professional	O
books	O
,	O
organizing	O
group	O
discussions	O
and	O
doing	O
specific	O
training	O
in	O
thinking	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
emotional	O
problems	O
caused	O
by	O
stresses	O
.	O


He	O
should	O
be	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
one	O
to	O
advocate	O
"	O
learn	O
to	O
be	O
your	O
own	O
psychiatrist	O
.	O
"	O


He	O
encourages	O
people	O
to	O
learn	O
a	O
new	O
way	O
of	O
thinking	O
like	O
"	O
learning	O
a	O
foreign	O
language	O
.	O
"	O


The	O
most	O
important	O
aspect	O
in	O
being	O
your	O
own	O
psychiatrist	O
is	O
to	O
learn	O
to	O
substitute	O
the	O
healthy	O
way	O
of	O
thinking	O
for	O
the	O
unhealthy	O
way	O
of	O
thinking	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
ask	O
two	B-CARDINAL
people	O
to	O
observe	O
the	O
same	O
glass	O
,	O
if	O
one	O
notices	O
a	O
tiny	O
speckle	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
notices	O
the	O
mild	O
color	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
former	O
's	O
thinking	O
pattern	O
might	O
be	O
pessimistic	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
latter	O
might	O
be	O
more	O
sensitive	O
to	O
the	O
positive	O
aspect	O
of	O
things	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
healthy	O
and	O
optimistic	O
way	O
of	O
thinking	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
learn	O
to	O
observe	O
the	O
positive	O
aspect	O
of	O
things	O
has	O
become	O
an	O
important	O
training	O
.	O


To	O
be	O
your	O
own	O
psychiatrist	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
also	O
learn	O
to	O
observe	O
stress	O
-	O
related	O
signs	O
.	O


For	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
stomachache	O
,	O
your	O
normal	O
response	O
is	O
to	O
see	O
a	O
gastroenterologist	O
.	O


Through	O
observation	O
by	O
"	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
eye	O
,	O
"	O
you	O
may	O
see	O
that	O
the	O
reason	O
can	O
be	O
your	O
new	O
demanding	O
boss	O
.	O


To	O
be	O
your	O
own	O
psychiatrist	O
,	O
you	O
also	O
need	O
to	O
learn	O
appropriate	O
knowledge	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
student	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Tsinghua	I-ORG
University	I-ORG
,	O
who	O
were	O
troubled	O
by	O
"	O
depression	O
"	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
was	O
bad	O
,	O
he	O
wanted	O
to	O
jump	O
out	O
and	O
commit	O
suicide	O
at	O
the	O
sight	O
of	O
a	O
window	O
.	O


With	O
some	O
psychological	O
knowledge	O
,	O
he	O
knew	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
symptom	O
of	O
mental	O
disorder	O
,	O
so	O
he	O
immediately	O
sought	O
help	O
from	O
professionals	O
and	O
received	O
treatment	O
soon	O
.	O


Now	O
in	O
many	O
European	B-NORP
and	O
American	B-NORP
countries	O
,	O
some	O
intellectuals	O
including	O
young	O
college	O
students	O
like	O
to	O
read	O
psychological	O
books	O
.	O


Psychological	O
books	O
can	O
always	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
best	O
seller	O
lists	O
in	O
these	O
countries	O
.	O


Most	O
readers	O
do	O
not	O
aim	O
to	O
become	O
counsellors	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
learn	O
psychological	O
knowledge	O
to	O
help	O
personal	O
growth	O
.	O


Such	O
healthy	O
awareness	O
is	O
worth	O
learning	O
.	O


This	B-DATE
july	I-DATE
,	O
lemonade	O
,	O
music	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
summer	O
breeze	O
.	O


ZT	O
Discount	O
Stamps	O
and	O
Sheetlets	O
:	O
Where	O
Do	O
They	O
Come	O
From	O
?	O
Where	O
Do	O
They	O
Go	O
?	O


Discount	O
stamps	O
are	O
sets	O
and	O
sheetlets	O
of	O
stamps	O
that	O
are	O
currently	O
discounted	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
biggest	O
category	O
of	O
stamps	O
.	O


It	O
has	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
,	O
great	O
variety	O
,	O
and	O
large	O
face	O
value	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
big	O
category	O
.	O


Precisely	O
how	O
big	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
afraid	O
no	O
-	O
one	O
knows	O
.	O


Because	O
this	O
category	O
has	O
an	O
objective	O
existence	O
,	O
no	O
-	O
one	O
can	O
ignore	O
it	O
.	O


Its	O
trends	O
are	O
extremely	O
important	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
biggest	O
category	O
for	O
collectors	O
and	O
has	O
the	O
largest	O
influence	O
on	O
the	O
stamp	O
market	O
.	O


When	O
it	O
rises	O
,	O
this	O
indicates	O
that	O
stamps	O
are	O
gaining	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
.	O


Its	O
strength	O
and	O
weakness	O
is	O
the	O
barometer	O
of	O
postal	O
policy	O
,	O
the	O
thermometer	O
for	O
the	O
temperature	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
comprehensive	O
rise	O
and	O
gains	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
in	O
the	O
category	O
of	O
discount	O
stamps	O
,	O
then	O
any	O
upsurge	O
is	O
a	O
castle	O
in	O
the	O
air	O
,	O
the	O
moon	O
in	O
the	O
water	O
.	O


Its	O
foundations	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
solid	O
.	O


Only	O
when	O
this	O
category	O
is	O
handled	O
well	O
can	O
the	O
stamp	O
market	O
have	O
any	O
hope	O
of	O
surging	O
up	O
out	O
of	O
its	O
slump	O
and	O
heading	O
for	O
a	O
beautiful	O
future	O
.	O


Where	O
do	O
discount	O
sheets	O
come	O
from	O
?	O


●The	O
postal	O
service	O
sells	O
them	O
at	O
a	O
discount	O
:	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
the	O
postal	O
service	O
sold	O
large	O
quantities	O
of	O
stamps	O
at	O
low	O
prices	O
,	O
violating	O
pricing	O
rules	O
and	O
stamp	O
collecting	O
rules	O
.	O


It	O
dumped	O
discount	O
stamps	O
onto	O
the	O
stamp	O
market	O
on	O
a	O
large	O
scale	O
,	O
making	O
50	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
sheets	O
,	O
8	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
sheets	O
and	O
5	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
sheets	O
fall	O
far	O
below	O
their	O
own	O
face	O
value	O
and	O
the	O
discounting	O
of	O
stamp	O
sets	O
even	O
deeper	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
source	O
.	O


●Stamp	O
collectors	O
cashing	O
out	O
:	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
stamp	O
collectors	O
in	O
our	O
country	O
reached	O
a	O
peak	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
.	O


According	O
to	O
estimates	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
approximately	O
more	O
than	O
27	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
stamp	O
collectors	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


To	O
meet	O
the	O
stamp	O
collecting	O
demand	O
from	O
the	O
great	O
numbers	O
of	O
philatelists	O
,	O
the	O
postal	O
administration	O
printed	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
stamp	O
sets	O
and	O
sheetlets	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
ordered	O
stamps	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O


In	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
reasons	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
stamp	O
collectors	O
have	O
been	O
lost	O
and	O
no	O
longer	O
collect	O
stamps	O
.	O


In	O
order	O
to	O
cash	O
out	O
,	O
these	O
people	O
dumped	O
the	O
1992	B-DATE
-	O
2005	B-DATE
stamps	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
collected	O
onto	O
the	O
market	O
in	O
large	O
volumes	O
,	O
causing	O
supply	O
to	O
exceed	O
demand	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
source	O
.	O


●	O
Sell	O
-	O
offs	O
by	O
big	O
collectors	O
:	O
in	O
the	O
stamp	O
speculation	O
in	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
quite	O
a	O
few	O
large	O
collectors	O
having	O
financial	O
resources	O
also	O
bought	O
back	O
their	O
stamp	O
sheets	O
from	O
this	O
period	O
as	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
investments	O
.	O


Now	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
cash	O
out	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
also	O
dumping	O
them	O
on	O
the	O
markets	O
at	O
a	O
loss	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
source	O
.	O


●	O
Underused	O
:	O
these	O
stamps	O
have	O
been	O
underused	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
forming	O
a	O
large	O
reserve	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
stamps	O
were	O
at	O
their	O
most	O
discounted	O
,	O
a	O
50	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
sheetlet	O
was	O
10	B-DATE
yuan	I-DATE
,	O
about	O
80	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
off	O
;	O
an	O
8	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
sheetlet	O
was	O
2.4	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
about	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
off	O
;	O
and	O
a	O
5	B-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
sheetlet	O
was	O
1.8	B-MONEY
yuan	I-MONEY
,	O
about	O
64	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
off	O
.	O


The	O
discounts	O
were	O
even	O
deeper	O
on	O
stamp	O
sets	O
,	O
though	O
they	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
sold	O
even	O
at	O
these	O
discounts	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
source	O
.	O


●	O
Oversupply	O
of	O
new	O
stamps	O
:	O
it	O
is	O
well	O
known	O
that	O
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
the	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
stamps	O
released	O
has	O
been	O
very	O
large	O
.	O


Everyone	O
knows	O
this	O
,	O
so	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
make	O
further	O
comment	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
fifth	B-ORDINAL
source	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
ten	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
plus	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
discounted	O
sheets	O
of	O
stamps	O
have	O
been	O
like	O
ghosts	O
,	O
floating	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
in	O
the	O
airspace	O
over	O
the	O
stamp	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
among	O
stamp	O
dealers	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
traded	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
,	O
but	O
never	O
disappear	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
such	O
an	O
inexplicable	O
embarrassment	O
.	O


But	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
materialist	O
view	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
their	O
existence	O
is	O
a	O
fact	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
should	O
be	O
sure	O
not	O
to	O
ignore	O
them	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
we	O
ask	O
how	O
to	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
discount	O
stamps	O
?	O


Some	O
say	O
that	O
those	O
who	O
make	O
a	O
mess	O
should	O
clean	O
it	O
up	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
wherever	O
they	O
came	O
from	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
where	O
they	O
should	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
.	O


■	O
Use	O
them	O
up	O
:	O
public	O
service	O
departments	O
should	O
make	O
serving	O
the	O
people	O
their	O
highest	O
aim	O
.	O


They	O
should	O
address	O
all	O
the	O
issues	O
raised	O
by	O
NPC	B-ORG
Deputy	O
Yang	B-PERSON
Xianlong	I-PERSON
in	O
his	O
proposal	O
concerning	O
stamps	O
,	O
and	O
should	O
act	O
in	O
good	O
faith	O
in	O
their	O
work	O
.	O


Good	O
policies	O
and	O
good	O
approaches	O
will	O
certainly	O
bring	O
good	O
results	O
and	O
good	O
returns	O
.	O


The	O
difficulty	O
of	O
using	O
stamps	O
for	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
sticking	O
point	O
.	O


For	O
historical	O
reasons	O
,	O
the	O
discounting	O
of	O
stamps	O
has	O
been	O
widespread	O
,	O
with	O
deep	O
discount	O
rates	O
and	O
long	O
duration	O
.	O


If	O
these	O
stamps	O
are	O
not	O
permitted	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
sure	O
to	O
harm	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
owners	O
of	O
the	O
stamps	O
;	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
permitted	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
,	O
then	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
certain	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
current	O
revenues	O
of	O
the	O
postal	O
service	O
.	O


It	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
contradiction	O
not	O
easy	O
to	O
resolve	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
newly	O
-	O
established	O
China	B-ORG
Post	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
only	O
needs	O
to	O
consider	O
the	O
big	O
picture	O
,	O
to	O
think	O
about	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
rate	O
at	O
which	O
stamps	O
are	O
used	O
.	O


To	O
further	O
improve	O
the	O
postal	O
reforms	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
should	O
improve	O
its	O
supervision	O
of	O
postal	O
services	O
.	O


CPG	B-ORG
should	O
operate	O
under	O
supervision	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
should	O
be	O
no	O
more	O
violation	O
of	O
regulations	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
way	O
to	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


■	O
Collect	O
them	O
all	O
:	O
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
increase	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
stamp	O
collectors	O
by	O
encouraging	O
new	O
people	O
to	O
join	O
in	O
stamp	O
collecting	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
at	O
all	O
levels	O
,	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
organize	O
specific	O
philatelic	O
events	O
that	O
are	O
conducive	O
to	O
a	O
healthy	O
body	O
and	O
mind	O
and	O
conducive	O
to	O
improving	O
people	O
's	O
temperament	O
.	O


Third	B-ORDINAL
,	O
increase	O
guidance	O
to	O
stamp	O
collectors	O
'	O
associations	O
in	O
their	O
work	O
.	O


Fourth	B-ORDINAL
,	O
promote	O
philatelic	O
culture	O
on	O
all	O
fronts	O
,	O
bring	O
stamp	O
collecting	O
events	O
into	O
schools	O
,	O
into	O
villages	O
,	O
into	O
factories	O
,	O
into	O
army	O
bases	O
,	O
into	O
residential	O
communities	O
,	O
and	O
into	O
the	O
homes	O
of	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
.	O


If	O
old	O
friends	O
return	O
and	O
new	O
people	O
also	O
join	O
in	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
stamp	O
collectors	O
again	O
reaches	O
15	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
or	O
more	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
are	O
honestly	O
a	O
little	O
doubtful	O
whether	O
these	O
few	O
stamps	O
will	O
be	O
enough	O
for	O
everyone	O
to	O
share	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
are	O
n't	O
enough	O
for	O
everyone	O
to	O
share	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
stamps	O
will	O
naturally	O
rise	O
.	O


This	O
would	O
then	O
naturally	O
solve	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
discounted	O
stamps	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
way	O
to	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


■Buy	O
them	O
back	O
:	O
there	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
buy	O
-	O
back	O
methods	O
:	O
one	B-CARDINAL
is	O
a	O
policy	O
buy	O
-	O
back	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
postal	O
service	O
dealing	O
with	O
discount	O
stamps	O
-LRB-	O
at	O
least	O
important	O
stamps	O
-RRB-	O
with	O
a	O
state	O
buy	O
-	O
back	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
this	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
rather	O
difficult	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
is	O
a	O
market	O
buy	O
-	O
back	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
lever	O
of	O
market	O
economy	O
.	O


This	O
takes	O
the	O
stamps	O
bought	O
at	O
bottom	O
discount	O
rates	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
and	O
sells	O
them	O
again	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
to	O
use	O
on	O
correspondence	O
,	O
speeding	O
up	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
discount	O
stamps	O
.	O


This	O
involves	O
the	O
restructured	O
postal	O
administration	O
taking	O
part	O
in	O
market	O
operations	O
,	O
reducing	O
the	O
pressure	O
of	O
discount	O
stamps	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
operation	O
,	O
this	O
problem	O
can	O
be	O
solved	O
very	O
effectively	O
.	O


This	O
approach	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
quite	O
a	O
realistic	O
method	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
way	O
to	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


■Controlling	O
the	O
source	O
:	O
first	B-ORDINAL
is	O
that	O
you	O
absolutely	O
can	O
not	O
think	O
that	O
because	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
stamps	O
is	O
heading	O
back	O
towards	O
their	O
value	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
price	O
has	O
risen	O
a	O
little	O
,	O
another	O
opportunity	O
for	O
dumping	O
stamps	O
at	O
low	O
prices	O
has	O
come	O
,	O
and	O
again	O
start	O
playing	O
tricks	O
with	O
overprints	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
limit	O
of	O
good	O
faith	O
,	O
you	O
absolutely	O
must	O
not	O
,	O
oh	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
must	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
facts	O
that	O
this	O
year	B-DATE
's	O
year	B-DATE
stamps	O
are	O
not	O
being	O
discounted	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
discount	O
on	O
discounted	O
stamps	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
has	O
reduced	O
significantly	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
enough	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
postal	O
policies	O
are	O
already	O
starting	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
effect	O
.	O


Only	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
will	O
the	O
numbers	O
of	O
stamps	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
start	O
to	O
decrease	O
,	O
and	O
stamps	O
move	O
onto	O
a	O
healthy	O
path	O
of	O
appreciation	O
.	O


When	O
stamps	O
have	O
risen	O
in	O
value	O
to	O
a	O
certain	O
degree	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
you	O
ask	O
someone	O
to	O
,	O
he	O
wo	O
n't	O
use	O
stamps	O
that	O
are	O
worth	O
more	O
than	O
their	O
face	O
value	O
as	O
postage	O
.	O


The	O
more	O
stamps	O
appreciate	O
,	O
the	O
fewer	O
stamps	O
will	O
surely	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
postage	O
.	O


This	O
reasoning	O
is	O
obvious	O
.	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
is	O
using	O
the	O
scientific	O
approach	O
to	O
development	O
to	O
decide	O
the	O
quantities	O
of	O
stamps	O
distributed	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
quantity	O
of	O
stamps	O
distributed	O
is	O
large	O
or	O
too	O
great	O
,	O
the	O
practice	O
of	O
stamp	O
collecting	O
is	O
damaged	O
.	O


The	O
number	O
of	O
stamp	O
collectors	O
is	O
then	O
greatly	O
reduced	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
been	O
proved	O
by	O
past	O
events	O
.	O


The	O
quantities	O
distributed	O
of	O
new	O
stamps	O
must	O
be	O
appropriate	O
for	O
the	O
actual	O
situation	O
.	O


Too	O
many	O
is	O
no	O
good	O
;	O
too	O
few	O
is	O
no	O
good	O
either	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
the	O
fourth	B-ORDINAL
way	O
to	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
destiny	O
of	O
discount	O
stamps	O
is	O
:	O
they	O
came	O
gradually	O
,	O
they	O
'll	O
go	O
gradually	O
,	O
and	O
despite	O
everything	O
we	O
'll	O
redouble	O
our	O
speed	O
.	O


Many	O
discoveries	O
are	O
made	O
by	O
chance	O
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON


I	O
remember	O
my	O
first	B-ORDINAL
year	O
studying	O
at	O
Qinghua	B-ORG
,	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
my	O
first	B-ORDINAL
elective	O
course	O
called	O
"	O
Inspirations	O
in	O
the	O
History	O
of	O
Physics	O
.	O
"	O


There	O
were	O
only	O
ten	B-CARDINAL
or	O
so	O
of	O
us	O
who	O
had	O
chosen	O
it	O
that	O
semester	O
.	O


The	O
teacher	O
was	O
very	O
erudite	O
,	O
his	O
lectures	O
were	O
very	O
lively	O
;	O
he	O
summarized	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
and	O
contemporary	O
history	O
of	O
physics	O
,	O
and	O
each	O
time	O
I	O
was	O
enthralled	O
.	O


In	O
all	O
my	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
at	O
the	O
university	O
,	O
I	O
never	O
had	O
another	O
course	O
that	O
interesting	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
were	O
to	O
summarize	O
this	O
course	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
:	O
the	O
greatest	O
discoveries	O
in	O
physics	O
all	O
had	O
their	O
own	O
necessity	O
and	O
theoretical	O
basis	O
-LRB-	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
mathematics	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


This	O
theory	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
cooking	O
.	O


One	O
day	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
make	O
green	O
beans	O
and	O
bean	O
curd	O
sheets	O
-LRB-	O
dried	O
tofu	O
in	O
the	O
Northeast	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Here	O
the	O
dried	O
tofu	O
sold	O
in	O
the	O
stores	O
is	O
all	O
compressed	O
,	O
very	O
tough	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
normally	O
steep	O
it	O
in	O
hot	O
water	O
,	O
then	O
take	O
it	O
out	O
and	O
stir	O
-	O
fry	O
it	O
.	O


Because	O
that	O
day	O
I	O
needed	O
to	O
go	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
it	O
and	O
buy	O
some	O
things	O
,	O
I	O
set	O
the	O
timer	O
and	O
told	O
my	O
wife	O
to	O
turn	O
off	O
the	O
heat	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
done	O
.	O


My	O
wife	O
is	O
very	O
lazy	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
the	O
timer	O
sounded	O
,	O
she	O
turned	O
off	O
the	O
heat	O
and	O
left	O
the	O
pot	O
sitting	O
on	O
the	O
stove	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
came	O
back	O
and	O
looked	O
,	O
the	O
dried	O
tofu	O
was	O
white	O
and	O
soft	O
,	O
just	O
like	O
freshly	O
made	O
.	O


Chalk	O
another	O
good	O
one	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
wife	O
.	O


No	O
Soap	O
in	O
the	O
Morning	O
.	O


Michael	O
Zhou	O


Every	O
morning	O
when	O
we	O
wash	O
face	O
for	O
Yaya	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
especially	O
when	O
kid	O
's	O
mother	O
does	O
that	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Yaya	B-PERSON
would	O
remind	O
us	O
not	O
to	O
use	O
any	O
face	O
wash	O
.	O


The	O
little	O
one	O
has	O
always	O
remembered	O
what	O
I	O
once	O
said	O
about	O
a	O
TV	O
program	O
,	O
which	O
documented	O
people	O
going	O
to	O
Tibet	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
would	O
n't	O
wash	O
their	O
faces	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
retain	O
the	O
grease	O
that	O
coped	O
with	O
the	O
strong	O
sunlight	O
and	O
ultraviolet	O
radiation	O
and	O
would	O
only	O
wash	O
off	O
the	O
dusts	O
with	O
soap	O
at	O
night	O
.	O


Another	O
Business	O
Trip	O
to	O
San	B-GPE
Jose	I-GPE


Michael	B-PERSON
Zhou	I-PERSON


Next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
will	O
go	O
to	O
San	B-GPE
Jose	I-GPE
for	O
a	O
three	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
business	O
trip	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
no	O
choice	O
but	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


My	O
wife	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
hard	O
time	O
again	O
at	O
home	O
.	O


We	O
plan	O
to	O
make	O
dumplings	O
and	O
steamed	O
buns	O
on	O
weekend	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
food	O
reserve	O
for	O
next	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


On	O
this	O
trip	O
to	O
California	B-GPE
,	O
I	O
plan	O
to	O
pay	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
my	O
Cisco	B-GPE
colleagues	O
and	O
friends	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
moved	O
to	O
California	B-GPE
from	O
RTP	O
for	O
different	O
reasons	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
so	O
hard	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
hotel	O
reservation	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
whether	O
it	O
is	O
because	O
of	O
an	O
upcoming	O
big	O
conference	O
,	O
all	O
hotels	O
in	O
the	O
10	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
radius	O
from	O
San	B-GPE
Jose	I-GPE
have	O
been	O
booked	O
up	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
only	O
find	O
a	O
Sheraton	B-FAC
in	O
Pleasant	B-GPE
about	O
25	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
from	O
the	O
company	O
.	O


I	O
must	O
make	O
sure	O
to	O
bring	O
my	O
own	O
GPS	O
before	O
I	O
set	O
out	O
in	O
case	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
GPS	O
in	O
the	O
rental	O
car	O
.	O


Frozen	B-PERSON
Time	I-PERSON
:	O
Leap	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
Day	I-EVENT


Frozen	B-PERSON
Time	I-PERSON


On	O
the	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
twelfth	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
lunar	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
we	O
celebrate	O
leap	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
year	I-EVENT
day	I-EVENT
,	O
and	O
the	B-EVENT
Spring	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
is	O
getting	O
closer	O
and	O
closer	O
.	O


The	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
us	O
are	O
busy	O
doing	O
our	O
makeup	O
and	O
our	O
hair	O
.	O


Custom	O
has	O
it	O
that	O
you	O
should	O
not	O
get	O
your	O
hair	O
cut	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
lunar	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O


And	O
before	O
the	B-EVENT
Spring	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
there	O
are	O
more	O
people	O
than	O
usual	O
getting	O
their	O
makeup	O
and	O
hair	O
done	O
.	O


Abing	B-PERSON
laughingly	O
allowed	O
me	O
to	O
go	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
second	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
second	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
when	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
dragons	O
raise	O
their	O
heads	O
to	O
get	O
my	O
hair	O
cut	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
evening	O
I	O
had	O
nothing	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
so	O
I	O
decided	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
someone	O
to	O
gamble	O
with	O
.	O


I	O
called	O
a	O
friend	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
had	O
just	O
moved	O
into	O
a	O
new	O
home	O
.	O


Today	B-DATE
for	O
leap	B-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
year	I-EVENT
day	I-EVENT
his	O
father	O
-	O
and	O
mother	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
were	O
gathered	O
with	O
his	O
family	O
at	O
his	O
house	O
to	O
make	O
jiaozi	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
appears	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
together	O
for	O
gambling	O
today	B-DATE
!	O


Tutu	B-PERSON
and	O
I	O
went	O
home	O
and	O
ate	O
a	O
great	O
meal	O
,	O
I	O
lit	O
some	O
candles	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
us	O
celebrated	O
the	O
holiday	O
.	O


The	O
custom	O
of	O
paying	O
respects	O
to	O
the	O
Kitchen	O
God	O
.	O


According	O
to	O
traditional	O
custom	O
,	O
every	O
year	O
on	O
the	B-DATE
23rd	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
last	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
the	I-DATE
lunar	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
Kitchen	O
God	O
is	O
supposed	O
to	O
ascend	O
to	O
Heaven	O
and	O
report	O
to	O
the	O
Jade	O
Emperor	O
on	O
this	O
home	O
's	O
good	O
things	O
and	O
bad	O
for	O
the	O
Jade	O
Emperor	O
to	O
reward	O
or	O
punish	O
.	O


So	O
when	O
they	O
pray	O
to	O
the	O
Kitchen	O
God	O
,	O
people	O
place	O
sweets	O
,	O
fresh	O
water	O
,	O
black	O
beans	O
,	O
and	O
hay	O
on	O
a	O
table	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
Kitchen	O
God	O
's	O
image	O
;	O
the	O
last	O
three	B-CARDINAL
of	O
these	O
are	O
for	O
the	O
horse	O
that	O
the	O
Kitchen	O
God	O
rides	O
to	O
Heaven	O
.	O


On	O
the	B-TIME
evening	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
23rd	I-TIME
of	I-TIME
the	I-TIME
twelfth	I-TIME
lunar	I-TIME
month	I-TIME
,	O
you	O
're	O
supposed	O
to	O
place	O
a	O
tray	O
of	O
candied	O
melon	O
on	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
because	O
you	O
hope	O
the	O
Kitchen	O
God	O
will	O
eat	O
his	O
fill	O
of	O
sweets	O
and	O
then	O
"	O
tell	O
good	O
things	O
in	O
Heaven	O
and	O
bring	O
good	O
fortune	O
when	O
he	O
returns	O
.	O
"	O


After	O
you	O
put	O
the	O
candied	O
melon	O
on	O
,	O
you	O
take	O
down	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
the	O
Kitchen	O
God	O
that	O
was	O
hung	O
above	O
the	O
stove	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
and	O
burn	O
it	O
at	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
stove	O
;	O
then	O
you	O
wait	O
until	O
the	B-DATE
30th	I-DATE
when	O
you	O
put	O
up	O
the	O
spring	O
couplets	O
and	O
hang	O
a	O
new	O
Kitchen	O
God	O
in	O
the	O
original	O
place	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
hang	O
up	O
a	O
couplet	O
with	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
line	O
saying	O
"	O
Ascend	O
to	O
Heaven	O
and	O
tell	O
good	O
things	O
"	O
and	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
line	O
reading	O
"	O
Return	O
and	O
bring	O
good	O
fortune	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
the	O
horizontal	O
saying	O
is	O
"	O
Ruler	O
of	O
This	O
Home	O
.	O
"	O


Then	O
you	O
also	O
put	O
an	O
incense	O
burner	O
there	O
and	O
every	O
time	O
you	O
celebrate	O
a	O
festival	O
you	O
light	O
incense	O
and	O
pray	O
for	O
happiness	O
.	O


Folk	O
custom	O
says	O
that	O
men	O
do	O
not	O
worship	O
the	O
moon	O
and	O
women	O
do	O
not	O
sacrifice	O
to	O
the	O
Kitchen	O
God	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
is	O
only	O
the	O
men	O
who	O
make	O
these	O
sacrifices	O
to	O
the	O
Kitchen	O
God	O
.	O


Legend	O
.	O


A	O
long	O
time	O
ago	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
do	O
family	O
named	O
Zhang	O
;	O
in	O
middle	O
age	O
,	O
they	O
had	O
a	O
son	O
.	O


The	O
husband	O
and	O
wife	O
gave	O
their	O
son	O
the	O
name	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Guisheng	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
later	O
people	O
called	O
him	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Sheng	I-PERSON
.	O


When	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Sheng	I-PERSON
grew	O
up	O
,	O
he	O
liked	O
to	O
eat	O
,	O
was	O
lazy	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
often	O
went	O
gambling	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
old	O
husband	O
and	O
wife	O
decided	O
to	O
marry	O
him	O
off	O
and	O
let	O
their	O
daughter	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
law	O
manage	O
him	O
.	O


They	O
sent	O
someone	O
to	O
propose	O
this	O
marriage	O
to	O
a	O
comely	O
girl	O
in	O
the	O
village	O
named	O
Guo	B-PERSON
Dingxiang	I-PERSON
.	O


Dingxiang	B-PERSON
soon	O
came	O
to	O
live	O
with	O
them	O
,	O
but	O
after	O
the	O
marriage	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Sheng	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
behavior	O
worsened	O
.	O


Dingxiang	B-PERSON
persuaded	O
and	O
cajoled	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
she	O
was	O
beaten	O
and	O
kicked	O
by	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Sheng	I-PERSON
.	O


Not	O
long	O
after	O
,	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
aggrieved	O
elders	O
passed	O
on	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
day	O
,	O
Dingxiang	B-PERSON
rolled	O
out	O
a	O
bowlful	O
of	O
long	O
,	O
fine	O
noodles	O
and	O
waited	O
for	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Sheng	I-PERSON
to	O
return	O
to	O
eat	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
took	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
again	O
urge	O
him	O
to	O
change	O
his	O
ways	O
,	O
but	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Sheng	I-PERSON
pushed	O
the	O
bowl	O
away	O
and	O
left	O
.	O


After	O
this	O
,	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Sheng	I-PERSON
threw	O
out	O
Dingxiang	B-PERSON
,	O
sold	O
off	O
the	O
family	O
possessions	O
and	O
land	O
,	O
and	O
spent	O
his	O
days	O
living	O
a	O
life	O
of	O
dissipation	O
.	O


After	O
being	O
thrown	O
out	O
,	O
Dingxiang	B-PERSON
went	O
to	O
South	B-LOC
Mountain	I-LOC
.	O


There	O
she	O
spent	O
her	O
days	O
clearing	O
land	O
and	O
planting	O
crops	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
evening	O
she	O
wove	O
;	O
after	O
years	O
of	O
arduous	O
toil	O
,	O
she	O
became	O
a	O
wealthy	O
woman	O
with	O
a	B-QUANTITY
hundred	I-QUANTITY
mu	I-QUANTITY
of	O
fine	O
land	O
.	O


When	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Sheng	I-PERSON
had	O
sold	O
off	O
all	O
his	O
possessions	O
,	O
he	O
began	O
to	O
beg	O
for	O
a	O
living	O
.	O


Only	O
then	O
did	O
he	O
repent	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
thought	O
of	O
how	O
worthy	O
Dingxiang	B-PERSON
was	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
day	O
,	O
Dingxiang	B-PERSON
saw	O
a	O
beggar	O
enter	O
her	O
courtyard	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
realized	O
it	O
was	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Sheng	I-PERSON
.	O


Good	O
-	O
hearted	O
Dingxiang	B-PERSON
took	O
Zhang	B-PERSON
Sheng	I-PERSON
into	O
the	O
kitchen	O
and	O
with	O
her	O
own	O
hands	O
gave	O
him	O
a	O
bowl	O
,	O
setting	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
table	O
.	O


Zhang	B-PERSON
Sheng	I-PERSON
saw	O
this	O
bowl	O
of	O
long	O
,	O
thin	O
noodles	O
and	O
knew	O
he	O
had	O
come	O
begging	O
to	O
Dingxiang	B-PERSON
's	O
home	O
;	O
feeling	O
ashamed	O
,	O
he	O
smashed	O
his	O
head	O
into	O
the	O
stove	O
and	O
killed	O
himself	O
.	O


Later	O
the	B-PERSON
Jade	I-PERSON
Emperor	I-PERSON
made	O
him	O
the	O
Kitchen	O
God	O
and	O
put	O
him	O
above	O
the	O
stove	O
so	O
he	O
could	O
watch	O
other	O
people	O
eat	O
but	O
not	O
eat	O
himself	O
,	O
and	O
told	O
him	O
that	O
was	O
his	O
punishment	O
.	O


Freezing	B-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
moments	I-PERSON
:	O
Days	O
When	O
We	O
are	O
Busy	O
Gathering	O
.	O


Freezing	B-PERSON
the	I-PERSON
moments	I-PERSON


Seeing	O
the	B-EVENT
Year	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
the	I-EVENT
Dog	I-EVENT
going	O
by	O
one	O
day	O
after	O
another	O
and	O
the	B-EVENT
Spring	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
approaching	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
busy	O
greeting	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
golden	O
pig	O
"	O
and	O
busy	O
gathering	O
with	O
colleagues	O
,	O
friends	O
and	O
schoolmates	O
.	O


We	O
two	B-CARDINAL
have	O
had	O
no	O
time	O
virtually	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
quiet	O
dinner	O
at	O
home	O
ever	O
since	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
was	O
often	O
deep	O
night	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
back	O
home	O
!	O


Tutu	B-PERSON
went	O
to	O
a	O
regular	O
monthly	O
gathering	O
at	O
the	O
club	O
again	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


I	O
learned	O
from	O
his	O
call	O
that	O
many	O
people	O
were	O
there	O
this	O
time	O
and	O
even	O
some	O
of	O
Hali	B-PERSON
's	O
friends	O
went	O
.	O


Brother	O
Jia	B-PERSON
will	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
Germany	B-GPE
on	O
Friday	B-DATE
.	O


They	O
say	O
we	O
should	O
be	O
really	O
high	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
seems	O
god	O
knows	O
when	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
back	O
home	O
!	O


I	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
idle	O
either	O
and	O
directly	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
department	O
store	O
to	O
enjoy	O
myself	O
!	O


LYSH	B-PERSON
will	O
be	O
off	O
on	O
his/her	O
home	O
leave	O
from	O
tomorrow	B-DATE
and	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
back	O
until	O
after	O
the	B-EVENT
Spring	I-EVENT
Festival	I-EVENT
.	O


He/She	O
can	O
rest	O
for	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
altogether	O
.	O


How	O
envious	O
I	O
am	O
!	O


I	O
would	O
laugh	O
to	O
death	O
if	O
I	O
could	O
have	O
such	O
long	O
vacation	O
each	O
year	O
!	O


Guo	B-PERSON
Kai	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Economics	O
Notes	O
:	O
Six	B-CARDINAL
Cachets	O
!	O


Guo	B-PERSON
Kai	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Economics	O
Notes	O


I	O
took	O
the	O
subway	O
to	O
meet	O
someone	O
at	O
the	O
railway	O
station	O
today	B-DATE
and	O
found	O
a	O
red	O
header	O
document	O
posted	O
everywhere	O
inside	O
the	O
subway	O
station	O
.	O


A	O
closer	O
look	O
told	O
me	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
notice	O
about	O
public	O
transportation	O
price	O
adjustment	O
in	O
Beijing	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
did	O
n't	O
care	O
about	O
the	O
details	O
because	O
the	O
news	O
had	O
been	O
heard	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
.	O


What	O
attracted	O
me	O
was	O
the	O
six	B-CARDINAL
red	O
cachets	O
below	O
the	O
notice	O
,	O
respectively	O
Development	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Reform	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
Education	B-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
,	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
Financial	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
,	O
Traffic	B-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
and	O
Transportation	B-ORG
Administrative	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
.	O


I	O
know	O
roughly	O
the	O
reason	O
why	O
the	O
cachets	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
four	B-CARDINAL
organizations	O
are	O
required	O
.	O


Development	B-ORG
and	I-ORG
Reform	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
is	O
the	O
organization	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
prices	O
.	O


Education	B-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
and	O
Social	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
correspond	O
to	O
the	O
population	O
on	O
whom	O
this	O
policy	O
may	O
have	O
relatively	O
greater	O
impact	O
on	O
.	O


Financial	B-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
is	O
the	O
organization	O
providing	O
the	O
fund	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
organizations	O
Traffic	B-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
and	O
Transportation	B-ORG
Administrative	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
are	O
.	O


I	O
even	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
why	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
organizations	O
are	O
not	O
a	O
single	O
organization	O
-	O
Judging	O
from	O
the	O
name	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
Transportation	B-ORG
Administrative	I-ORG
Bureau	I-ORG
could	O
be	O
a	O
division	O
of	O
Traffic	B-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
definitely	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
now	O
that	O
the	O
subway	O
does	O
have	O
something	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
traffic	O
and	O
transportation	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
nothing	O
strange	O
with	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
the	O
cachets	O
of	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
departments	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
what	O
surprised	O
me	O
?	O


When	O
I	O
saw	O
these	O
six	B-CARDINAL
cachets	O
,	O
my	O
first	B-ORDINAL
reaction	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
absolutely	O
hopeless	O
to	O
rely	O
on	O
the	O
government	O
itself	O
to	O
control	O
institutional	O
thickening	O
.	O


There	O
must	O
be	O
a	O
reason	O
for	O
a	O
bloated	O
government	O
.	O


Look	O
,	O
I	O
found	O
out	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
these	O
six	B-CARDINAL
cachets	O
with	O
the	O
slightest	O
effort	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
totally	O
an	O
outlier	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
much	O
easier	O
for	O
these	O
governmental	O
departments	O
to	O
find	O
an	O
excuse	O
for	O
their	O
existence	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
it	O
?	O


And	O
their	O
excuses	O
are	O
always	O
affirmative	O
,	O
and	O
always	O
for	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
the	O
common	O
people	O
.	O


The	O
existence	O
of	O
governmental	O
departments	O
is	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
private	O
institutions	O
.	O


Private	O
institutions	O
spend	O
their	O
own	O
money	O
,	O
and	O
too	O
much	O
expansion	O
will	O
make	O
them	O
suffer	O
loss	O
.	O


What	O
governmental	O
departments	O
spend	O
is	O
taxpayers	O
'	O
money	O
.	O


Regardless	O
how	O
much	O
is	O
spent	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
amount	O
is	O
not	O
ridiculously	O
large	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
never	O
face	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
loss	O
and	O
closing	O
down	O


They	O
themselves	O
can	O
find	O
excuses	O
for	O
thickening	O
without	O
worrying	O
about	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
money	O
.	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
excuses	O
governmental	O
institutions	O
have	O
will	O
prevent	O
thickening	O
?	O


I	O
can	O
hardly	O
figure	O
it	O
out	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
any	O
objections	O
against	O
this	O
downward	O
adjustment	O
of	O
public	O
transportation	O
prices	O
,	O
but	O
those	O
six	B-CARDINAL
cachets	O
are	O
really	O
too	O
striking	O
.	O


Even	O
I	O
get	O
tired	O
of	O
arguing	O
about	O
tax	O
hikes	O
.	O


For	O
a	O
change	O
of	O
pace	O
,	O
I	O
invite	O
you	O
to	O
contemplate	O
the	O
hazard	O
posed	O
by	O
that	O
old	O
computer	O
monitor	O
sitting	O
in	O
your	O
basement	O
or	O
the	O
pre-big	O
screen	O
TV	O
collecting	O
dust	O
in	O
your	O
garage	O
.	O


They	O
contain	O
toxic	O
chemicals	O
--	O


do	O
n't	O
dump	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
trash	O
!	O


Be	O
responsible	O
and	O
unload	O
them	O
at	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
18	B-CARDINAL
electronics	O
recycling	O
events	O
scheduled	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
this	B-DATE
April	I-DATE
.	O


If	O
landfilled	O
or	O
incinerated	O
,	O
hazardous	O
materials	O
in	O
common	O
electronic	O
products	O
may	O
be	O
released	O
into	O
the	O
soil	O
,	O
air	O
or	O
water	O
.	O


Televisions	O
and	O
computer	O
monitors	O
use	O
cathode	O
ray	O
tubes	O
-LRB-	O
CRTs	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
contain	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
8	B-QUANTITY
pounds	I-QUANTITY
of	O
lead	O
.	O


Flat	O
screen	O
TVs	O
and	O
monitors	O
contain	O
mercury	O
.	O


Printed	O
circuit	O
boards	O
and	O
switches	O
in	O
electronic	O
devices	O
contain	O
small	O
amounts	O
of	O
chromium	O
,	O
cadmium	O
,	O
mercury	O
and	O
lead	O
.	O


''	O
Almost	B-PERSON
seventy	I-PERSON
-	I-PERSON
five	I-PERSON
percent	I-PERSON
of	O
all	O
obsolete	O
electronics	O
are	O
still	O
stored	O
in	O
offices	O
and	O
homes	O
.	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
great	O
opportunity	O
to	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
that	O
old	O
PC	O
or	O
VCR	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
collecting	O
dust	O
and	O
know	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
responsibly	O
reused	O
or	O
recycled	O
,	O
''	O
said	O
Computer	B-ORG
Recycling	I-ORG
Initiative	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
Director	O
,	O
Carrie	B-PERSON
Dorsey	I-PERSON
.	O


Click	O
here	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
recycling	O
event	O
near	O
you	O
.	O


Good	O
idea	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
feel	O
a	O
lot	O
better	O
about	O
it	O
if	O
the	O
stuff	O
did	O
n't	O
wind	O
up	O
going	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
being	O
``	O
recycled	O
''	O
in	O
a	O
manner	O
that	O
is	O
environmentally	O
unfriendly	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
kind	O
of	O
like	O
the	O
Oregon	B-GPE
soft	O
drink	O
cans	O
.	O


Turns	O
out	O
they	O
were	O
being	O
ground	O
up	O
and	O
turned	O
into	O
substrate	O
for	O
leaching	O
gold	O
:	O
a	O
pretty	O
nast	O
process	O
.	O


Darn	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
n't	O
hitting	O
Spotsy	B-LOC
.	O


I	O
've	O
got	O
two	B-CARDINAL
dead	O
monitors	O
taking	O
up	O
space	O
in	O
my	O
office	O
.	O


Jim	O
,	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Virginia	I-ORG
Recycling	I-ORG
Markets	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
and	O
the	O
Mid-Atlantic	B-ORG
Consortium	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Recycling	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Officials	O
-LRB-	O
MACREDO	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
thanks	O
for	O
plugging	O
e-cycling	O
.	O


Such	O
events	O
are	O
becoming	O
more	O
frequent	O
and	O
more	O
convenient	O
to	O
more	O
Virginia	B-GPE
residents	O
,	O
although	O
based	O
on	O
cod	O
's	O
comment	O
,	O
we	O
still	O
have	O
a	O
ways	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


A	O
well	O
-	O
used	O
economic	O
development	O
tool	O
is	O
the	O
incubator	O
,	O
typically	O
an	O
office	O
building	O
that	O
is	O
subdivided	O
and	O
provides	O
subsidized	O
rent	O
and	O
admin	O
services	O
to	O
small	O
business	O
that	O
have	O
outgrown	O
their	O
garage	O
or	O
bedroom	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
too	O
small	O
for	O
leased	O
space	O
.	O


These	O
incubators	O
typically	O
cater	O
to	O
high	O
tech	O
or	O
``	O
clean	O
''	O
service	O
businesses	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
always	O
thought	O
we	O
should	O
consider	O
setting	O
up	O
recycling	O
``	O
incubators	O
''	O
at	O
landfills	O
and	O
transfer	O
stations	O
.	O


E-waste	O
and	O
construction	O
waste	O
are	O
two	B-CARDINAL
potentially	O
profitable	O
steams	O


and	O
nurturing	O
small	O
recycling	O
businesses	O
might	O
serve	O
both	O
an	O
economic	O
development	O
good	O
and	O
a	O
public	O
good	O
.	O


A	O
person	O
with	O
a	O
pick	O
-	O
up	O
truck	O
could	O
start	O
such	O
a	O
business	O
pretty	O
easily	O
.	O


The	O
cost	O
of	O
a	O
trailer	O
or	O
two	B-CARDINAL
and	O
a	O
covered	O
space	O
would	O
probably	O
be	O
much	O
less	O
than	O
equivalent	O
office	O
space	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
stimulated	O
home	O
-	O
grown	O
markets	O
,	O
we	O
might	O
not	O
send	O
so	O
much	O
to	O
China	B-GPE
,	O
although	O
I	O
suppose	O
anything	O
we	O
can	O
do	O
to	O
curb	O
the	O
trade	O
deficit	O
might	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
good	O
thing	O
in	O
some	O
quarters	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
right	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
a	O
guy	O
who	O
gets	O
surplus	O
building	O
materials	O
sorts	O
and	O
resells	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
bought	O
quite	O
a	O
bit	O
from	O
him	O


and	O
he	O
apparently	O
does	O
a	O
good	O
business	O
.	O


The	O
business	O
itself	O
is	O
somewhat	O
trashy	O
looking	O
.	O


It	O
appears	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
located	O
on	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
old	O
family	O
farm	O
,	O


and	O
the	O
nearby	O
houses	O
are	O
ones	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
spun	O
off	O
to	O
family	O
memebers	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
anybody	O
else	O
tried	O
to	O
duplicate	O
it	O
,	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
think	O
of	O
anyplace	O
in	O
my	O
county	O
where	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
allowed	O
,	O
or	O
else	O
the	O
requirements	O
would	O
be	O
so	O
onerous	O
it	O
could	O
n't	O
survive	O
.	O


In	O
my	O
home	O
town	O
,	O
they	O
once	O
built	O
an	O
entire	O
tanker	O
truck	O
for	O
the	O
fire	O
department	O
,	O
out	O
of	O
stuff	O
that	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
dump	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
really	O
low	O
taxes	O
.	O


The	O
dump	O
had	O
well	O
organized	O
recycling	O
areas	O
located	O
around	O
the	O
central	O
landfill	O
pit	O
,	O


and	O
people	O
had	O
a	O
good	O
eye	O
for	O
things	O
that	O
others	O
might	O
want	O
.	O


Recycling	O
is	O
a	O
really	O
good	O
idea	O
,	O


but	O
it	O
is	O
hard	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
pay	O
,	O


and	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
waste	O
stream	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
.	O


What	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
to	O
move	O
the	O
recycling	O
process	O
forward	O
into	O
the	O
repair	O
world	O
.	O


The	O
Volkswagen	B-ORG
Beetle	B-PRODUCT
was	O
a	O
terrible	O
car	O
,	O


but	O
it	O
was	O
eminently	O
recyclable	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
one	B-CARDINAL
for	O
almost	B-DATE
twenty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE


and	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
there	O
was	O
n't	O
a	O
single	O
part	O
that	O
was	O
original	O
.	O


The	O
entire	O
body	O
had	O
been	O
swapped	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
machinery	O
several	O
times	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
running	O
gear	O
many	O
times	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
still	O
running	O
when	O
I	O
sold	O
it	O
,	O


but	O
if	O
VDOT	B-ORG
ever	O
checked	O
the	O
serial	O
numbers	O
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
would	O
happen	O
.	O


The	O
other	O
thing	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
expand	O
the	O
deposit	O
idea	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
having	O
deposits	O
on	O
soft	O
drink	O
bottles	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
have	O
them	O
on	O
appliances	O
,	O
autos	O
and	O
other	O
big	O
ticket	O
items	O
where	O
they	O
can	O
do	O
some	O
good	O
.	O


The	O
deposit	O
would	O
flow	O
to	O
the	O
recycler	O
who	O
is	O
the	O
final	O
user	O
:	O


this	O
would	O
make	O
recycling	O
profitable	O
.	O


He	O
would	O
claim	O
the	O
refund	O
from	O
the	O
manufacturer	O
.	O


This	O
would	O
ensure	O
that	O
the	O
user	O
of	O
a	O
product	O
pays	O
for	O
its	O
disposal	O
,	O


and	O
manufacturers	O
would	O
have	O
an	O
incentive	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
deposit	O
money	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
possible	O
by	O
building	O
items	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
repaired	O
rather	O
than	O
disposed	O
of	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
foreign	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
the	O
recycling	O
fee	O
would	O
haqve	O
a	O
similar	O
effect	O
as	O
an	O
import	O
duty	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
collected	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
,	O
but	O
without	O
being	O
called	O
a	O
tariff	O
.	O


Why	O
do	O
some	O
localities	O
charge	O
for	O
the	O
service	O
while	O
others	O
do	O
n't	O
?	O


Just	O
curious	O
.	O


Because	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
part	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
money	O
losing	O
operation	O
,	O
or	O
at	O
most	O
marginal	O
.	O


Recall	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
mandatory	O
newspaper	O
recycling	O
in	O
the	O
District	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
a	O
political	O
city	O
,	O
they	O
created	O
so	O
much	O
waste	O
product	O
they	O
flooded	O
the	O
market	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
look	O
down	O
the	O
road	O
,	O
think	O
about	O
what	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
after	O
we	O
spend	O
a	B-CARDINAL
few	I-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
to	O
meet	O
the	O
Chesapeake	B-LOC
Bay	I-LOC
waste	O
water	O
restrictions	O
.	O


Where	O
are	O
we	O
going	O
to	O
put	O
all	O
the	O
sludge	O
that	O
results	O
?	O


Once	O
we	O
stop	O
putting	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
Bay	B-LOC
,	O
we	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
put	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
land	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
will	O
have	O
regulations	O
to	O
prevent	O
sludge	O
runoff	O
in	O
order	O
that	O
we	O
do	O
n't	O
pay	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
sludge	O
creation	O
multiple	O
times	O
.	O


Eventually	O
we	O
will	O
outlaw	O
gravity	O
so	O
that	O
sludge	O
is	O
prohibited	O
from	O
running	O
downhill	O
.	O


Coming	O
soon	O
to	O
a	O
farm	O
near	O
you	O
:	O
two	B-DATE
month	I-DATE
's	I-DATE
worth	O
of	O
stench	O
.	O


As	O
an	O
engineer	O
and	O
a	O
flinty	O
New	B-NORP
Englander	I-NORP
,	O
and	O
a	O
farmer	O
,	O
I	O
spend	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
time	O
fixing	O
old	O
junk	O
.	O


I	O
ca	O
n't	O
stand	O
throwing	O
something	O
away	O
.	O


Maybe	O
some	O
of	O
it	O
comes	O
from	O
growing	O
up	O
on	O
an	O
island	O
where	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
place	O
to	O
throw	O
it	O
.	O


My	O
father	O
used	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
garbage	O
was	O
like	O
scotch	O
tape	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Shaking	O
his	O
thumb	O
with	O
an	O
imaginary	O
loop	O
of	O
tape	O
on	O
it	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


``	O
You	O
ca	O
n't	O
throw	O
it	O
away	O
,	O


you	O
can	O
only	O
stick	O
it	O
someplace	O
else	O
.	O
''	O


When	O
I	O
'm	O
repairing	O
something	O
that	O
was	O
designed	O
so	O
it	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
fixed	O
,	O
it	O
makes	O
me	O
crazy	O
.	O


I	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
find	O
some	O
enginner	O
and	O
marketing	O
guy	O
an	O
knock	O
heads	O
together	O
.	O


Here	O
are	O
a	O
few	O
examples	O
.	O


A	O
rototiller	O
with	O
gears	O
made	O
out	O
of	O
free	O
machining	O
brass	O
.	O


Guaranteed	O
to	O
fail	O
.	O


A	O
windshiel	O
wiper	O
motor	O
installed	O
in	O
a	O
totally	O
inaccessible	O
place	O
under	O
the	O
dash	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
installed	O
by	O
compressing	O
four	B-CARDINAL
little	O
rubber	O
studs	O
into	O
holes	O
in	O
the	O
sheet	O
metal	O
,	O
and	O
sealed	O
with	O
a	O
ten	B-QUANTITY
inch	I-QUANTITY
oblong	O
flat	O
gasket	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
rubber	O
studs	O
rotted	O
away	O
,	O
the	O
motor	O
fell	O
on	O
the	O
floor	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
torrent	O
of	O
rain	O
that	O
shorted	O
out	O
everything	O
under	O
the	O
dash	O
.	O


A	O
1/4	B-QUANTITY
inch	I-QUANTITY
diameter	O
spring	O
loaded	O
shift	O
lever	O
detent	O
that	O
you	O
had	O
to	O
break	O
the	O
tractor	O
in	O
half	O
to	O
replace	O
.	O


Every	O
piece	O
of	O
household	O
plumbing	O
and	O
wiring	O
I	O
ever	O
had	O
to	O
fish	O
through	O
a	O
hollow	O
wall	O
.	O


Anything	O
that	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
repaired	O
upside	O
down	O
.	O


A	O
twelve	B-CARDINAL
bolt	O
circle	O
on	O
a	O
transmission	O
housing	O
with	O
six	B-CARDINAL
hex	O
head	O
bolts	O
and	O
six	B-CARDINAL
star	O
pattern	O
bolts	O
.	O


Try	O
and	O
figure	O
that	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
dark	O
under	O
the	O
car	O
.	O


The	O
ignitor	O
for	O
the	O
gas	O
range	O
that	O
costs	O
25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
what	O
the	O
range	O
cost	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
worse	O
is	O
,	O
that	O
because	O
I	O
'm	O
good	O
at	O
this	O
,	O
people	O
think	O
I	O
like	O
it	O
.	O


Wrong	O
.	O


I	O
hate	O
things	O


and	O
I	O
love	O
flesh	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
convinced	O
that	O
things	O
are	O
inhabited	O
with	O
Gremlins	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
vicious	O
circle	O
.	O


The	O
more	O
stuff	O
you	O
have	O
the	O
more	O
stuff	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
maintain	O
it	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
Virginia	B-GPE
Highways	O
.	O


It	O
starts	O
with	O
a	O
screwdriver	O
,	O


and	O
next	O
thing	O
you	O
know	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
shopfull	O
of	O
air	O
compressors	O
,	O
saws	O
,	O
welders	O
,	O
a	O
forklift	O
,	O
an	O
earthmover	O
,	O
a	O
dump	O
truck	O
to	O
haul	O
the	O
earthmover	O
.....	O


My	O
wife	O
takes	O
great	O
glee	O
in	O
making	O
fun	O
of	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
.	O


Then	O
I	O
pointed	O
out	O
all	O
he	O
special	O
purpose	O
tools	O
in	O
her	O
kithchen	O
,	O


and	O
that	O
is	O
just	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
job	O
.	O


She	O
carefuly	O
forgets	O
all	O
that	O
when	O
she	O
needs	O
something	O
and	O
it	O
turns	O
out	O
that	O
I	O
have	O
just	O
the	O
right	O
framitz	O
to	O
manufacture	O
a	O
repair	O
piece	O
for	O
her	O
thing	O
-	O
a	O
-	O
bob	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
convinced	O
that	O
we	O
could	O
solve	O
our	O
balance	O
of	O
payments	O
deficits	O
if	O
we	O
just	O
passed	O
must	O
be	O
repairable	O
laws	O
.	O


Every	O
engineer	O
should	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
mechanic	O
for	O
ten	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


For	O
many	O
of	O
us	O
our	O
life	O
has	O
come	O
down	O
to	O
buy	O
it	O
at	O
Wal	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
mart	I-ORG
and	O
take	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
dump	O
.	O


Even	O
if	O
you	O
buy	O
it	O
at	O
the	O
BMW	B-ORG
or	O
John	B-ORG
Deere	I-ORG
dealer	O
it	O
is	O
no	O
different	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
if	O
PEC	B-ORG
wants	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
supporter	O
out	O
of	O
me	O
,	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
is	O
to	O
start	O
a	O
campaign	O
that	O
ensures	O
things	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
thrown	O
away	O
,	O
not	O
one	O
to	O
recycle	O
them	O
at	O
a	O
loss	O
.	O


I	O
work	O
for	O
E-Tech	B-ORG
Recycling	I-ORG
Inc	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
http://www.etechrecycling.com	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
an	O
electronics	O
recycling	O
company	O
located	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
.	O


We	O
recycle	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
electronics	O
items	O
such	O
as	O
computers	O
,	O
monitors	O
,	O
TVs	O
etc.	O


When	O
I	O
speak	O
with	O
people	O
about	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
recycling	O
electronic	O
items	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
very	O
ignorant	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
more	O
than	O
anything	O
,	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
educate	O
people	O
about	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
recycling	O
.	O


posted	O
by	O
<$BlogBacklinkAuthor$>	O
@	O
<$BlogBacklinkDateTime$>	O


Well	O
,	O
gasoline	O
in	O
Richmond	B-GPE
has	O
hit	O
$	B-MONEY
3.00	I-MONEY
a	O
gallon	B-QUANTITY
,	O
or	O
just	O
shy	O
of	O
it	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
spent	O
$	B-MONEY
48	I-MONEY
filling	O
up	O
the	O
gas	O
tank	O
of	O
my	O
Jeep	B-PRODUCT
--	O


the	O
most	O
I	O
've	O
ever	O
paid	O
for	O
in	O
my	O
life	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
happy	O
about	O
it	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
high	O
gas	O
prices	O
as	O
a	O
reason	O
to	O
start	O
foaming	O
at	O
the	O
mouth	O
and	O
chewing	O
on	O
the	O
carpet	O
.	O


Others	O
feel	O
less	O
constrained	O
.	O


The	O
hysteria	O
over	O
rising	O
gas	O
prices	O
has	O
reached	O
a	O
fever	O
pitch	O
.	O


The	O
economic	O
ignorance	O
of	O
the	O
sound	O
bites	O
and	O
commentary	O
I	O
've	O
seen	O
on	O
national	O
television	O
knows	O
no	O
bounds	O
.	O


Demagogues	O
are	O
calling	O
for	O
self	O
-	O
destructive	O
taxes	O
on	O
oil	O
company	O
profits	O
,	O
oblivious	O
to	O
the	O
reality	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
capitalist	O
society	O
,	O
profits	O
are	O
a	O
critical	O
signal	O
that	O
guide	O
the	O
flow	O
of	O
capital	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
If	O
you	O
confiscate	O
Exxon	B-ORG
Mobil	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
profits	O
,	O
you	O
reduce	O
the	O
capital	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
largest	O
oil	O
company	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
more	O
exploratory	O
drilling	O
,	O
new	O
oil	O
wells	O
,	O
new	O
pipelines	O
,	O
new	O
refineries	O
,	O
etc.	O


-LRB-	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
If	O
you	O
tax	O
oil	O
industry	O
profits	O
,	O
you	O
also	O
reduce	O
the	O
incentive	O
for	O
owners	O
of	O
outside	O
capital	O
to	O
invest	O
in	O
new	O
capacity	O
.	O


Why	O
bother	O
if	O
the	O
profits	O
will	O
be	O
taxed	O
away	O
?	O


Here	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
semblance	O
of	O
sanity	O
still	O
reigns	O
.	O


Gov.	O
Timothy	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Kaine	I-PERSON
has	O
not	O
yet	O
proposed	O
anything	O
as	O
breath	O
-	O
takingly	O
stupid	O
as	O
the	O
proposals	O
emanating	O
from	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
D.C.	I-GPE
.	O


The	O
Governor	O
has	O
said	O
he	O
will	O
investigate	O
reports	O
of	O
``	O
price	O
gouging	O
,	O
''	O
which	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
``	O
price	O
gouging	O
''	O
is	O
meaningless	O
and	O
impossible	O
to	O
define	O
,	O
means	O
he	O
will	O
,	O
for	O
all	O
practical	O
purposes	O
,	O
do	O
nothing	O
....	O


Which	O
is	O
exactly	O
what	O
he	O
should	O
do	O
.	O


Nothing	O
.	O


Virginians	B-NORP
and	O
Americans	B-NORP
will	O
adapt	O
to	O
higher	O
gas	O
prices	O
if	O
government	O
does	O
not	O
interfere	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
The	O
Governor	O
also	O
is	O
considering	O
applying	O
for	O
a	O
waiver	O
of	O
federal	O
regulations	O
requiring	O
cleaner	O
gasoline	O
be	O
sold	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
's	O
major	O
metro	O
areas	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
made	O
a	O
determination	O
.	O


See	O
the	O
Times	B-ORG
-	I-ORG
Dispatch	I-ORG
report	O
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
sticking	O
to	O
his	O
guns	O
on	O
trying	O
to	O
raise	O
$	B-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
for	O
transportation	O
projects	O
without	O
raising	O
gasoline	O
taxes	O
--	O
a	O
topic	O
for	O
another	O
post	O
.	O


As	O
I	O
have	O
been	O
hammering	O
away	O
relentlessly	O
on	O
this	O
blog	O
-LRB-	O
See	O
``	O
A	B-WORK_OF_ART
World	I-WORK_OF_ART
with	I-WORK_OF_ART
One	I-WORK_OF_ART
Billion	I-WORK_OF_ART
Cars	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
the	O
world	O
economy	O
is	O
moving	O
from	O
a	O
20	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
era	O
of	O
cheap	O
petroleum	O
to	O
a	O
plateau	O
of	O
more	O
expensive	O
petroleum	O
.	O


This	O
shift	O
is	O
driven	O
by	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
-RRB-	O
escalating	O
world	O
consumption	O
of	O
petroleum	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
rapidly	O
developing	O
economies	O
like	O
China	B-GPE
and	O
India	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
b	O
-RRB-	O
the	O
peaking	O
of	O
global	O
oil	O
production	O
capacity	O
,	O
the	O
increasing	O
expense	O
of	O
exploiting	O
the	O
remote	O
and	O
isolated	O
oil	O
reserves	O
that	O
remain	O
,	O
and	O
terrorist	O
/	O
political	O
instability	O
in	O
oil	O
-	O
producing	O
countries	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
oil	O
companies	O
'	O
fault	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
fault	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
auto	O
industries	O
'	O
fault	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
environmentalists	O
'	O
fault	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
reality	O
of	O
geology	O
and	O
geopolitics	O
.	O


The	O
American	B-NORP
public	O
can	O
adapt	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
global	O
realities	O
by	O
changing	O
their	O
energy	O
-	O
intensive	O
lifestyles	O
,	O


and	O
politicians	O
can	O
help	O
them	O
by	O
speaking	O
honestly	O
and	O
forthrightly	O
about	O
why	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
gasoline	O
is	O
increasing	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
demagoguing	O
the	O
issue	O
for	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
political	O
gain	O
.	O


Here	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
,	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
has	O
been	O
examining	O
what	O
Virginia	B-GPE
can	O
do	O
to	O
increase	O
energy	O
production	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
OK	O
,	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
it	O
goes	O
.	O


But	O
there	O
is	O
nothing	O
that	O
Virginia	B-GPE
can	O
do	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
global	O
supply	O
of	O
oil	O
,	O
and	O
probably	O
little	O
it	O
can	O
do	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
petroleum	O
refining	O
capacity	O
needed	O
to	O
convert	O
oil	O
to	O
gasoline	O
.	O


What	O
the	O
political	O
and	O
business	O
leadership	O
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
has	O
so	O
far	O
failed	O
utterly	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
admit	O
that	O
Virginia	B-GPE
is	O
acutely	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
oil	O
price	O
shocks	O
.	O


Virginians	B-NORP
consume	O
more	O
gasoline	O
per	O
capita	O
than	O
the	O
national	O
average	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
because	O
our	O
transportation	O
policy	O
is	O
geared	O
toward	O
matching	O
every	O
increase	O
in	O
automobile	O
travel	O
with	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
transportation	O
capacity	O
with	O
no	O
thought	O
of	O
modulating	O
travel	O
demand	O
.	O


But	O
reality	O
is	O
a	O
stubborn	O
thing	O
.	O


With	O
each	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
gasoline	O
,	O
the	O
bankruptcy	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
order	O
becomes	O
increasingly	O
evident	O
.	O


Let	O
us	O
hope	O
that	O
Gov.	O
Kaine	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
prides	O
himself	O
on	O
straight	O
talk	O
,	O
begins	O
leveling	O
with	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
-	O
You	O
are	O
right	O
on	O
the	O
money	O
about	O
how	O
capitalism	O
works	O
,	O


so	O
why	O
not	O
try	O
to	O
make	O
capitalism	O
really	O
work	O
for	O
Virginia	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
future	O
in	O
transportation	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
nation	O
,	O
company	O
or	O
person	O
who	O
develops	O
the	O
alternative	O
to	O
gasoline	O
powered	O
automobiles	O
.	O


Why	O
not	O
do	O
everything	O
we	O
can	O
to	O
assure	O
that	O
future	O
arises	O
from	O
Virginia	O
?	O


Rather	O
than	O
drilling	O
for	O
oil	O
and	O
gas	O
off	O
the	B-LOC
Atlantic	I-LOC
Coast	I-LOC
,	O
we	O
should	O
be	O
offering	O
enormous	O
incentives	O
for	O
comapnies	O
and	O
individuals	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
alternative	O
fuel	O
solutions	O
to	O
locate	O
their	O
business	O
here	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
encourage	O
R&D	O
on	O
alternative	O
fuels	O
with	O
grants	O
and	O
tax	O
breaks	O
.	O


AND	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
work	O
to	O
increase	O
supply	O
.	O


The	O
one	B-CARDINAL
and	O
only	O
oil	O
refinery	O
in	O
the	O
Commonwealth	B-GPE
is	O
nearby	O
in	O
Yorktown	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
could	O
double	O
their	O
capacity	O
without	O
leaving	O
the	O
premises	O
.	O


Why	O
has	O
n't	O
the	O
company	O
applied	O
to	O
builf	O
new	O
facilities	O
on	O
site	O
?	O


By	O
all	O
means	O
explore	O
for	O
oil	O
and	O
gas	O
in	O
the	O
Atlantic	B-LOC
.	O


Jim	O
:	O
Speaking	O
seriously	O
here	O
,	O
many	O
families	O
-LRB-	O
including	O
my	O
own	O
-RRB-	O
have	O
already	O
cut	O
back	O
in	O
every	O
way	O
possible	O
.	O


What	O
then	O
?	O


My	O
office	O
,	O
home	O
and	O
children	O
's	O
schools	O
are	O
all	O
within	O
a	O
6	B-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
radius	O
.	O


Vacations	O
are	O
already	O
a	O
thing	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
.	O


We	O
've	O
cut	O
back	O
on	O
groceries	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
trade	O
the	O
car	O
on	O
a	O
hybrid	O
,	O


but	O
it	O
's	O
paid	O
for	O


and	O
who	O
can	O
afford	O
a	O
car	O
payment	O
what	O
with	O
mortgage	O
rates	O
being	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
and	O
three	B-CARDINAL
kids	O
...	O


So	O
,	O
I	O
ask	O
seriously	O
,	O
what	O
are	O
average	O
hard	O
-	O
working	O
families	O
to	O
do	O
?	O


Andrea	B-PERSON
:	O
How	O
about	O
a	B-MONEY
couple	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
?	O


If	O
the	O
GA	B-ORG
repealed	O
the	O
unnecessary	O
sales	O
tax	O
from	O
last	O
year	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
average	O
citizen	O
would	O
pick	O
up	O
some	O
cash	O
.	O


Or	O
,	O
the	O
GA	B-ORG
could	O
actually	O
cut	O
the	O
sales	O
tax	O


and	O
you	O
would	O
keep	O
some	O
more	O
of	O
your	O
money	O
.	O


Check	O
out	O
how	O
much	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
Senators	O
want	O
you	O
to	O
pay	O
in	O
other	O
,	O
new	O
taxes	O
too	O
-	O
to	O
register	O
your	O
car	O
,	O
etc.	O


Jim	O
:	O
I	O
like	O
the	O
graphic	O
,	O


it	O
takes	O
two	B-CARDINAL
arms	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
legs	O
to	O
fill	O
up	O
our	O
tank	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
answer	O
to	O
cutting	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
mobility	O
and	O
access	O
is	O
settlement	O
patterns	O
that	O
require	O
less	O
vehicle	O
travel	O
and	O
support	O
more	O
effecient	O
shared	O
-	O
vehicles	O
when	O
one	O
must	O
resort	O
to	O
any	O
vehicle	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
what	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
Jane	B-PERSON
Jacobs	I-PERSON
suggested	O
40	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
-LRB-	O
not	O
just	O
in	O
``	O
Life	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
Death	I-WORK_OF_ART
...	O
but	O
also	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Economy	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
'	I-WORK_OF_ART
Cities	I-WORK_OF_ART
'	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Let	O
us	O
,	O
honor	O
Ms.	O
Jacobs	B-PERSON
's	O
memory	O
with	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
Fundamental	O
Change	O
.	O


EMR	O


JAB	O
-	O
Got	O
ta	O
love	O
it	O
.	O


Yup	O
,	O
a	B-MONEY
couple	I-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
hundred	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
is	O
going	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
day	O
!	O


Jane	B-PERSON
Jacobs	I-PERSON
knew	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
a	O
community	O
and	O
a	O
construction	O
plan	O
.	O


Was	O
n't	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
her	O
main	O
arguments	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
plan	O
everything	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
should	O
allow	O
communities	O
to	O
be	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
and	O
what	O
they	O
become	O
?	O


Did	O
n't	O
she	O
fight	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Moses	I-PERSON
because	O
he	O
thought	O
he	O
had	O
too	O
much	O
control	O
over	O
other	O
peoples	O
'	O
lives	O
?	O


Somehow	O
I	O
doubt	O
she	O
would	O
have	O
gotten	O
on	O
board	O
with	O
fundamental	O
change	O
if	O
it	O
involved	O
massive	O
central	O
and	O
regional	O
planning	O
.	O


Andrea	B-PERSON
,	O
One	B-CARDINAL
option	O
may	O
be	O
telecommuting	O
a	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
days	I-DATE
a	O
week	B-DATE
.	O


Other	O
than	O
that	O
,	O
here	O
's	O
the	O
hard	O
truth	O
:	O


There	O
's	O
not	O
much	O
that	O
average	O
,	O
hard	O
-	O
working	O
families	O
can	O
do	O
in	O
the	O
short	O
run	O
to	O
cope	O
with	O
higher	O
gas	O
prices	O
except	O
hope	O
that	O
their	O
paychecks	O
keep	O
pace	O
with	O
inflation	O
.	O


What	O
you	O
should	O
NOT	O
do	O
is	O
support	O
demagogic	O
political	O
ploys	O
that	O
make	O
problems	O
worse	O
,	O
not	O
better	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
longer	O
run	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
support	O
more	O
pedestrian	O
friendly	O
,	O
transit	O
-	O
friendly	O
development	O
patterns	O
that	O
give	O
you	O
and	O
your	O
family	O
more	O
transportation	O
options	O
.	O


You	O
should	O
support	O
development	O
patterns	O
that	O
allow	O
compatible	O
uses	O
-LRB-	O
houses	O
,	O
small	O
office	O
buildings	O
,	O
small	O
retail	O
shops	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
be	O
located	O
close	O
to	O
each	O
rather	O
than	O
scattered	O
all	O
over	O
.	O


How	O
much	O
money	O
could	O
you	O
save	O
if	O
you	O
could	O
get	O
by	O
with	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
car	O
instead	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
?	O


What	O
would	O
it	O
mean	O
if	O
you	O
lived	O
in	O
a	O
place	O
where	O
your	O
children	O
could	O
walk	O
to	O
school	O
?	O


Think	O
outside	O
the	O
box	O
.	O


Kingfish	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
'm	O
all	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
alternate	O
fuels	O
.	O


Converting	O
biomass	O
to	O
ethanol	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
that	O
is	O
self	O
-	O
sustaining	O
economically	O
without	O
massive	O
incentives	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
favor	O
government	O
-	O
sponsored	O
research	O
to	O
devise	O
technologies	O
that	O
would	O
make	O
ethanol	O
more	O
competitive	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
like	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
subsidizing	O
specific	O
business	O
enterprises	O
.	O


Once	O
you	O
give	O
them	O
a	O
subsidy	O
,	O
they	O
never	O
let	O
go	O
,	O
no	O
matter	O
how	O
much	O
the	O
world	O
changes	O
around	O
them	O
.	O


Witness	O
the	O
mohair	O
subsidies	O
put	O
into	O
place	O
during	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
.	O


I	O
tend	O
to	O
agree	O
with	O
Jim	B-PERSON
that	O
markets	O
function	O
best	O
,	O
so	O
long	O
as	O
no	O
one	O
has	O
a	O
finger	O
on	O
the	O
scale	O
.	O


Many	O
believe	O
that	O
zone	O
pricing	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
generally	O
used	O
by	O
oil	O
companies	O
,	O
is	O
inconsistent	O
with	O
our	O
antitrust	O
laws	O
-LRB-	O
Section	B-LAW
13	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
Robinson	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
Patman	I-LAW
Act	I-LAW
-RRB-	O
.	O


Others	O
disagree	O
.	O


Does	O
zone	O
pricing	O
constitute	O
a	O
finger	O
on	O
the	O
scale	O
?	O


If	O
so	O
,	O
should	O
the	O
GA	B-ORG
outlaw	O
zone	O
pricing	O
?	O


Toomanytaxes	B-PERSON
:	O
Zone	O
pricing	O
is	O
the	O
mechanism	O
the	O
oil	O
companies	O
use	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
we	O
pay	O
the	O
same	O
price	O
as	O
people	O
in	O
states	O
with	O
higher	O
gas	O
taxes	O
.	O


Only	O
,	O
we	O
pay	O
the	B-MONEY
extra	I-MONEY
few	I-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
per	O
gallon	B-QUANTITY
to	O
them	O
rather	O
than	O
into	O
our	O
state	O
transportation	O
accounts	O
.	O


Considering	O
the	O
wide	O
variety	O
in	O
local	O
and	O
state	O
fuel	O
taxes	O
the	O
near	O
uniformity	O
of	O
the	O
pump	O
price	O
across	O
state	O
lines	O
is	O
...	O
curious	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
recently	O
on	O
the	O
webpage	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Energy	I-ORG
Information	I-ORG
Agency	I-ORG


and	O
their	O
cost	O
of	O
fuel	O
adjusted	O
for	O
inflation	O
chart	O
demonstates	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
been	O
at	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
per	O
gallon	B-QUANTITY
measured	O
in	O
2005	B-DATE
dollars	O
before	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
about	O
the	O
historic	O
peak	O
in	O
real	O
prices	O
,	O


but	O
it	O
is	O
hardly	O
unprecedented	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
worth	O
quite	O
the	O
hype	O
or	O
hysteria	O
it	O
is	O
generating	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
hard	O
to	O
imagine	O
a	O
company	O
or	O
a	O
family	O
that	O
can	O
not	O
improve	O
its	O
efficiency	O
and	O
reduce	O
consumption	O
,	O


and	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
bad	O
outcome	O
at	O
all	O
.	O


Like	O
you	O
,	O
Jim	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
see	O
the	O
bright	O
silver	O
lining	O
.	O


I	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
getting	O
more	O
questions	O
whenever	O
I	O
pull	O
up	O
in	O
my	O
hybrid	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
data	O
point	O
.	O


2:53	O
Why	O
are	O
gas	O
prices	O
often	O
significantly	O
different	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
brand	O
between	O
Prince	B-GPE
William	I-GPE
and	O
Fairfax	B-GPE
Counties	O
and	O
even	O
at	O
different	O
locations	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
county	O
?	O


Zone	O
pricing	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
much	O
more	O
than	O
reflect	O
different	O
tax	O
rates	O
.	O


Take	O
a	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
following	O
link	O
:	O
http://www.gasbuddy.com/gb_gastemperaturemap.aspx	O


Assuming	O
the	O
general	O
accuracy	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
underlying	O
the	O
map	O
,	O


differences	O
in	O
do	O
not	O
explain	O
zone	O
pricing	O
.	O


Look	O
at	O
Arizona	B-GPE
,	O
for	O
example	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
much	O
higher	O
transportation	O
costs	O
in	O
and	O
around	O
the	B-LOC
Grand	I-LOC
Canyon	I-LOC
and	O
much	O
more	O
competition	O
in	O
the	O
Phoenix	B-GPE
market	O
.	O


Yet	O
,	O
Phoenix	B-GPE
prices	O
tend	O
to	O
be	O
signficantly	O
higher	O
.	O


Ditto	O
for	O
taxes	O
.	O


From	O
what	O
I	O
quickly	O
found	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
total	O
fuel	O
taxes	O
for	O
the	O
following	O
four	B-CARDINAL
states	O
are	O
VA	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
37.7	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
;	O
Utah	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
42.5	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
;	O
NC	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
45.6	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
and	O
Montana	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
46.2	B-MONEY
cents	I-MONEY
-RRB-	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
both	O
Montana	B-GPE
and	O
Utah	B-GPE
have	O
average	O
prices	O
that	O
are	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
either	O
VA	B-GPE
or	O
NC	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
's	O
probably	O
less	O
relationship	O
to	O
costs	O
and	O
zone	O
pricing	O
than	O
the	O
oil	O
companies	O
want	O
the	O
public	O
to	O
believe	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
a	O
conversation	O
with	O
a	O
friend	O
the	O
other	O
day	O
who	O
owns	O
an	O
SUV	O


and	O
he	O
is	O
n't	O
worried	O
about	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
gas	O
because	O
he	O
travels	O
less	O
than	O
10	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	B-DATE
..	O


yes	O
..	O


it	O
'll	O
cost	O
more	O
...	O


so	O
he	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
cut	O
back	O
on	O
his	O
gourmet	O
coffee	O
...	O
two	B-CARDINAL
cups	O
rather	O
than	O
three	B-CARDINAL
.	O
:--RRB-	O


seriously	O
-	O
it	O
's	O
about	O
how	O
far	O
folks	O
choose	O
to	O
drive	O
and	O
how	O
folks	O
define	O
phrases	O
like	O
``	O
I	O
must	O
and	O
have	O
no	O
choice	O
''	O
.	O


It	O
takes	O
a	O
hard	O
knock	O
for	O
folks	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
hard	O
look	O
at	O
things	O
they	O
always	O
assumed	O
could	O
not	O
change	O
.	O


I	O
predict	O
...	O
lots	O
of	O
folks	O
will	O
be	O
taking	O
harder	O
looks	O
at	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
choices	O
are	O
choices	O
or	O
no	O
choice	O
''	O
is	O
truly	O
no	O
choice	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
it	O
happened	O
during	O
the	O
gas	O
crisis	O
...	O


and	O
as	O
bad	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
-	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
as	O
bad	O
as	O
then	O
-	O
though	O
if	O
$	B-MONEY
3	I-MONEY
a	O
gallon	B-QUANTITY
is	O
in	O
the	O
rear	O
view	O
mirror	O
and	O
$	B-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
a	O
gallon	B-QUANTITY
on	O
the	O
horizon	O
and	O
coming	O
fast	O
...	O
we	O
might	O
think	O
so	O
...	O


..	O
but	O
I	O
would	O
bet	O
that	O
folks	O
would	O
choose	O
-LRB-	O
there	O
's	O
that	O
word	O
again	O
-RRB-	O
$	B-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
or	O
even	O
$	O
5	B-MONEY
a	O
gallon	B-QUANTITY
rather	O
than	O
waiting	O
in	O
line	O
for	O
3	B-TIME
hours	I-TIME
only	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
the	O
guy	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
you	O
got	O
the	O
last	O
tankful	O
.	O


America	B-GPE
's	O
love	O
affair	O
with	O
the	O
automobile	O
is	O
about	O
to	O
be	O
revisted	O
though	O
I	O
doubt	O
seriously	O
a	O
divorce	O
is	O
anywhere	O
near	O
...	O
:--RRB-	O


sorry	O
..	O
my	O
attitude	O
is	O
grin	O
and	O
bear	O
it	O
...	O


it	O
's	O
sort	O
of	O
like	O
coffee	O
doubling	O
in	O
price	O
...	O


my	O
property	O
accessment	O
going	O
up	O
300	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
-LRB-	O
which	O
it	O
did	O
-RRB-	O
...	O


...	O
and	O
today	O
..	O
I	O
paid	O
$	O
68	B-MONEY
bucks	O
to	O
fill	O
up	O
my	O
89	O
Ford	B-ORG
Van	O
.	O


I	O
got	O
ta	O
talk	O
to	O
Ray	B-PERSON
Hyde	I-PERSON
about	O
that	O
Hybrid	O
....	O
he	O
's	O
got	O
..	O


he	O
said	O
if	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
choose	O
..	O
he	O
'd	O
keep	O
his	O
truck	O
...	O
:--RRB-	O


Did	O
I	O
really	O
say	O
that	O
?	O


That	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
tough	O
``	O
choice	O
''	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
truck	O
I	O
'd	O
have	O
some	O
chance	O
of	O
making	O
money	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
'd	O
hate	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
drive	O
it	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
working	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
drive	O
,	O
the	O
hybrid	O
is	O
a	O
joy	O
.	O


Dead	O
silent	O
,	O
dirt	O
cheap	O
,	O
reliable	O
,	O
little	O
bit	O
of	O
capital	O
cost	O
detriment	O
,	O
sufficient	O
power	O
.	O


48	B-QUANTITY
mpg	I-QUANTITY
if	O
you	O
drive	O
at	O
75+	B-CARDINAL
like	O
a	O
maniac	O
.	O


I	O
remember	O
people	O
sniffing	O
at	O
it	O
,	O
saying	O
they	O
would	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
because	O
the	O
payback	O
on	O
capital	O
was	O
n't	O
there	O
.	O


I	O
drone	O
on	O
about	O
costs	O
and	O
benefits	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
everything	O
,	O
and	O
b	O
-RRB-	O
sometimes	O
circumstances	O
change	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
to	O
send	O
a	O
letter	O
to	O
the	O
guv'nor	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
vehicles	O
and	O
only	O
use	O
the	O
appropriate	O
one	O
for	O
the	O
task	O
at	O
hand	O
.	O


I	O
need	O
a	O
portable	O
license	O
plate	O
and	O
insurance	O
,	O
otherwise	O
the	O
current	O
``	O
tax	O
''	O
plan	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
kill	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
sure	O
hope	O
that	O
those	O
of	O
you	O
who	O
think	O
saving	O
open	O
space	O
and	O
farms	O
will	O
chip	O
in	O
and	O
help	O
out	O
on	O
this	O
:	O


send	O
a	O
letter	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
mind	O
paying	O
what	O
it	O
costs	O
to	O
drive	O
or	O
paying	O
what	O
I	O
owe	O
,	O


but	O
this	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
whacked	O
.	O


I	O
suspect	O
that	O
overhead	O
costs	O
might	O
have	O
something	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
fuel	O
prices	O
.	O


That	O
gas	O
station	O
in	O
Fairfax	B-GPE
is	O
sitting	O
on	O
expensive	O
land	O
and	O
paying	O
high	O
taxes	O
.	O


Businesses	O
are	O
``	O
tax	O
positive	O
''	O
do	O
n't	O
cha	O
know	O
.	O


If	O
people	O
really	O
do	O
start	O
making	O
different	O
choices	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
fun	O
to	O
watch	O
real	O
estate	O
prices	O
.	O


BTW	O
13	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
more	O
new	O
home	O
sales	O
last	O
year	O
,	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
higher	O
rates	O
,	O


but	O
prices	O
were	O
down	O
5k	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Time	O
to	O
demand	O
another	O
reassessment	O
.	O


Ray	B-PERSON
Hyde	I-PERSON
:	O
Taxes	O
are	O
indeed	O
business	O
overhead	O
that	O
affect	O
retail	O
prices	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
still	O
suggest	O
that	O
zone	O
pricing	O
has	O
more	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
computer	O
software	O
and	O
data	O
-	O
mining	O
than	O
actual	O
costs	O
.	O


posted	O
by	O
<$BlogBacklinkAuthor$>	O
@	O
<$BlogBacklinkDateTime$>	O


Braawwk	O
!	O


Braawwkkk	O
!	O


It	O
did	O
n't	O
take	O
long	O
.	O


Route	B-FAC
288	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
circumferential	O
highway	O
running	O
around	O
the	O
south	O
-	O
western	O
quadrant	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Richmond	I-LOC
New	I-LOC
Urban	I-LOC
Region	I-LOC
,	O
opened	O
in	O
late	B-DATE
2004	I-DATE
.	O


Already	O
it	O
is	O
changing	O
development	O
patterns	O
for	O
the	O
worse	O
and	O
causing	O
localized	O
traffic	O
congestion	O
around	O
its	O
exits	O
.	O


The	B-ORG
Richmond	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Dispatch	I-ORG
tells	O
the	O
tale	O
today	O
about	O
the	O
impact	O
on	O
the	B-FAC
Huguenot	I-FAC
Trail	I-FAC
in	O
Powhatan	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
.	O


Traffic	O
has	O
more	O
than	O
doubled	O
in	O
one	O
section	O
of	O
Huguenot	B-FAC
Trail	I-FAC
since	O
288	B-FAC
opened	O
,	O
reports	O
Will	B-PERSON
Jones	I-PERSON
.	O


Speeding	O
and	O
accidents	O
have	O
surged	O
as	O
well	O
:	O


17	B-CARDINAL
accidents	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
near	O
the	O
intersection	O
of	O
Winterfield	B-FAC
Road	I-FAC
so	O
far	O
this	O
year	O
,	O
up	O
from	O
12	B-CARDINAL
for	O
all	O
of	O
2004	B-DATE
.	O


Dale	B-PERSON
Totten	I-PERSON
,	O
resident	O
engineer	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Virginia	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Transportation	I-ORG
,	O
noted	O
that	O
VDOT	B-ORG
would	O
four	B-CARDINAL
-	O
lane	O
the	O
road	O
for	O
about	O
$	B-MONEY
13	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
if	O
it	O
had	O
more	O
money	O
.	O


Of	O
course	O
,	O
VDOT	B-ORG
has	O
no	O
more	O
money	O
for	O
road	O
construction	O
in	O
the	O
Richmond	B-GPE
region	O
.	O


One	O
reason	O
is	O
that	O
VDOT	B-ORG
,	O
at	O
the	O
behest	O
of	O
local	O
politicians	O
and	O
boosters	O
,	O
spent	O
all	O
its	O
friggin'	O
money	O
on	O
288	B-FAC
!	O


Where	O
's	O
Homer	B-PERSON
Simpson	I-PERSON
when	O
you	O
need	O
him	O
?	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
``	O
D'oh!	O
''	O
moment	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
predicted	O
,	O
Route	B-FAC
288	I-FAC
is	O
generating	O
residential	O
development	O
in	O
scarcely	O
populated	O
areas	O
all	O
around	O
its	O
exits	O
,	O
overtaxing	O
the	O
local	O
country	O
roads	O
.	O


While	O
the	O
limited	O
access	O
highway	O
might	O
provide	O
limited	O
traffic	O
relief	O
for	O
people	O
driving	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
between	O
Chesterfield	B-GPE
and	O
Goochland	B-GPE
counties	O
,	O
other	O
people	O
are	O
making	O
choices	O
about	O
where	O
they	O
live	O
and	O
work	O
,	O


and	O
they	O
are	O
creating	O
traffic	O
congestion	O
in	O
new	O
places	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
thing	O
that	O
surprises	O
me	O
is	O
how	O
rapidly	O
this	O
is	O
happening	O
.	O


Even	O
I	O
thought	O
there	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
lag	O
of	O
three	B-DATE
or	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


If	O
Route	B-FAC
288	I-FAC
has	O
already	O
created	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
13	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
road	O
-	O
construction	O
in	O
just	O
this	O
one	B-CARDINAL
exist	O
,	O
think	O
of	O
the	O
liability	O
it	O
has	O
created	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
exits	O
!	O


Here	O
's	O
another	O
prodiction	O
:	O


After	O
a	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
more	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
scattered	O
subdivision	O
development	O
and	O
approval	O
of	O
mega-commercial	O
projects	O
at	O
major	O
288	B-FAC
intersections	O
,	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
new	O
road	O
improvements	O
will	O
soar	O
.	O


Before	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
decade	O
,	O
we	O
may	O
well	O
see	O
the	O
unfunded	O
liability	O
zoom	O
well	O
past	O
the	O
original	O
$	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
it	O
took	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
original	O
highway	O
.	O


To	O
the	O
brainiacs	O
who	O
thought	O
Route	B-FAC
288	I-FAC
was	O
such	O
a	O
great	O
idea	O
:	O


Thanks	O
for	O
nothing	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
we	O
could	O
have	O
spent	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
better	O
elsewhere	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
you	O
can	O
blame	O
288	B-FAC
for	O
creating	O
those	O
people	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
enough	O
of	O
them	O
to	O
create	O
new	O
traffic	O
congestion	O
in	O
new	O
places	O
,	O
then	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
alternative	O
?	O


Additional	O
traffic	O
congestion	O
in	O
old	O
places	O
?	O


Now	O
you	O
understand	O
how	O
people	O
like	O
TMT	B-PERSON
in	O
Fairfax	B-GPE
feel	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
usually	O
take	O
the	O
pro-road	O
position	O
-	O


but	O
with	O
the	O
glaring	O
needs	O
in	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
,	O
288	B-FAC
was	O
definitely	O
excess	O
...	O


You	O
have	O
a	O
city	O
,	O
Richmond	B-GPE
,	O
that	O
has	O
virtually	O
no	O
traffic	O
.	O


The	O
rush	O
hour	O
is	O
30	B-TIME
minutes	I-TIME
long	O
...	O


And	O
you	O
give	O
them	O
a	O
beltway	O
through	O
a	O
largely	O
rural	O
area	O
.	O


A	O
road	O
to	O
no	O
where	O
...	O


Just	O
think	O
if	O
this	O
money	O
had	O
been	O
spent	O
on	O
another	O
potomac	B-LOC
crossing	O
or	O
road	O
improvements	O
that	O
are	O
desperately	O
needed	O
in	O
NOVA	B-FAC
?	O


Virginia	B-PERSON
Centrist	I-PERSON
,	O
To	O
add	O
insult	O
to	O
injury	O
,	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
helped	O
pay	O
for	O
288	B-FAC
in	O
last	O
year	O
's	O
budget	O
deal	O
--	O
wiped	O
the	O
slate	O
clean	O
of	O
debt	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
very	O
nice	O
of	O
y'all	O
to	O
oblige	O
us	O
.	O


Did	O
n't	O
make	O
much	O
sense	O
,	O
though	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
same	O
old	O
problem	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
get	O
out	O
ahead	O
of	O
the	O
need	O
you	O
are	O
accused	O
of	O
causing	O
sprawl	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
build	O
where	O
the	O
need	O
is	O
already	O
acute	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
claim	O
is	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
pave	O
your	O
way	O
out	O
of	O
congestion	O
.	O


Anonymous	B-PERSON
-	O


That	O
's	O
a	O
fair	O
point	O
.	O


5:26	O
makes	O
a	O
good	O
point	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
this	O
situation	O
hammers	O
home	O
the	O
validity	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
auditor	O
's	O
report	O
finding	O
that	O
the	O
CTB	B-ORG
and	O
VDOT	B-ORG
fail	O
to	O
fund	O
transportation	O
projects	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
state	O
transportation	O
plan	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
whoever	O
does	O
the	O
best	O
job	O
of	O
lobbying	O
.	O


I	O
submit	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
disgraceful	O
situation	O
that	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
tolerated	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
Senator	O
Chichester	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
toadies	O
would	O
make	O
this	O
worse	O
by	O
pouring	O
more	O
money	O
into	O
this	O
flawed	O
institution	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
transportation	O
-	O
related	O
expenditures	O
?	O


In	O
Virginia	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
's	O
to	O
benefit	O
private	O
business	O
plans	O
and	O
not	O
to	O
serve	O
the	O
public	O
interest	O
.	O


You	O
all	O
are	O
dead	O
wrong	O
.	O


No	O
less	O
than	O
Walter	B-PERSON
Stoch	I-PERSON
stated	O
that	O
288	B-FAC
money	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
paid	O
from	O
economic	O
development	O
money	O
.	O


Come	O
on	O
folks	O
!!	O


TMT	B-PERSON
:	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
understand	O
your	O
point	O
.	O


when	O
was	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
you	O
were	O
stuck	O
in	O
traffic	O
that	O
you	O
were	O
n't	O
on	O
your	O
way	O
to	O
or	O
from	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
business	O
?	O


It	O
seems	O
to	O
me	O
that	O
the	O
whole	O
point	O
of	O
roads	O
is	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
public	O
interest	O
in	O
getting	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
private	O
businesses	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
there	O
is	O
the	O
sunday	O
drive	O
,	O
the	O
trip	O
to	O
grandma	O
's	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
soccer	O
games	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
,	O
the	O
overwhelming	O
need	O
is	O
to	O
support	O
business	O
.	O


Since	O
our	O
road	O
expenditures	O
nowhere	O
near	O
match	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
business	O
or	O
state	O
domestic	O
product	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
no	O
wonder	O
we	O
suffer	O
congestion	O
problems	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
recognize	O
that	O
roads	O
primaarily	O
benefit	O
businesses	O
then	O
we	O
should	O
do	O
two	B-CARDINAL
things	O
:	O


let	O
business	O
pay	O
for	O
more	O
of	O
our	O
transportation	O
bill	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
which	O
they	O
will	O
pass	O
to	O
us	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
incentivize	O
them	O
to	O
locate	O
where	O
they	O
put	O
the	O
least	O
stress	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
that	O
means	O
more	O
overall	O
travel	O
.	O


Why	O
is	O
it	O
so	O
hard	O
to	O
understand	O
?	O


The	O
solution	O
is	O
functional	O
human	O
settlement	O
patterns	O
and	O
a	O
balance	O
between	O
transport	O
system	O
capacity	O
and	O
land	O
use	O
generated	O
travel	O
deman	O
.	O


All	O
else	O
is	O
spin	O
.	O


EMR	O


TMT	B-PERSON
said	O
``	O
In	O
Virginia	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
's	O
to	O
benefit	O
private	O
business	O
plans	O
and	O
not	O
to	O
serve	O
the	O
public	O
interest	O
.	O
''	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
this	O
statement	O
because	O
it	O
appears	O
to	O
demonize	O
private	O
business	O
plans	O
and	O
put	O
the	O
public	O
interest	O
above	O
all	O
else	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
they	O
are	O
so	O
tightly	O
intertwined	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
virtually	O
one	B-CARDINAL
and	O
the	O
same	O
.	O


Obviously	O
there	O
are	O
local	O
problems	O
because	O
this	O
cookie	O
dough	O
is	O
lumpy	O
,	O


but	O
in	O
the	O
aggregate	O
if	O
we	O
demonize	O
business	O
long	O
enough	O
we	O
will	O
eventually	O
find	O
out	O
we	O
all	O
work	O
for	O
the	O
Devil	B-PERSON
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
there	O
is	O
any	O
point	O
in	O
claiming	O
as	O
``	O
a	O
solution	O
''	O
a	O
balance	O
that	O
is	O
dynamic	O
and	O
ever	O
changing	O
in	O
nature	O
.	O


Even	O
you	O
see	O
rail	O
to	O
Dulles	B-GPE
as	O
a	O
positive	O
because	O
Dulles	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
job	O
center	O
that	O
promotes	O
bi-directional	O
demand	O
on	O
the	O
rail	O
.	O


I	O
agree	O
.	O


In	O
fact	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
sufficient	O
reason	O
to	O
build	O
it	O
,	O
all	O
by	O
itself	O
.	O


All	O
I	O
'm	O
saying	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
exact	O
same	O
logic	O
should	O
apply	O
to	O
roads	O
:	O


they	O
should	O
have	O
destinations	O
at	O
both	O
ends	O
in	O
order	O
that	O
we	O
get	O
maximum	O
use	O
out	O
of	O
our	O
investment	O
:	O


we	O
need	O
more	O
places	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
get	O
closer	O
to	O
the	O
balance	O
you	O
say	O
we	O
need	O
.	O


Reality	O
check	O
here	O
-	O


I	O
drive	O
past	O
Watkins	B-FAC
Landing	I-FAC
every	O
morning	O
and	O
evening	O
.	O


I	O
commute	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
the	B-FAC
Huguenot	I-FAC
Trail	I-FAC
.	O


I	O
've	O
never	O
seen	O
anything	O
remotely	O
resembling	O
a	O
``	O
flood	O
''	O
of	O
traffic	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
55	B-CARDINAL
mph	O
zone	O
-	O
75	B-CARDINAL
to	I-CARDINAL
100	I-CARDINAL
cars	O
in	O
``	O
a	O
morning	O
''	O
-	O
over	O
how	O
much	O
time	O
?	O


The	O
Huguenot	B-FAC
Trail	I-FAC
road	O
widening	O
was	O
already	O
planned	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
heavy	O
demands	O
of	O
development	O
on	O
the	O
Chesterfield	B-GPE
side	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
schools	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
whole	O
bunch	O
of	O
existing	O
developments	O
that	O
were	O
zoned	O
years	O
ago	O
and	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
funneled	O
through	O
Robious	B-FAC
Road	I-FAC
.	O


288	B-FAC
,	O
for	O
those	O
of	O
us	O
that	O
actually	O
use	O
it	O
,	O
is	O
wonderful	O
-	O
instead	O
of	O
Powhatan	B-GPE
and	O
Western	B-LOC
Chesterfield	I-LOC
being	O
bottlenecked	O
by	O
lack	O
of	O
roads	O
,	O


we	O
can	O
actually	O
get	O
some	O
commercial	O
development	O
and	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
work	O
closer	O
to	O
where	O
we	O
live	O
.	O


You	O
may	O
think	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
rational	O
land	O
use	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
no	O
desire	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
any	O
city	O
,	O


I	O
will	O
not	O
work	O
in	O
a	O
downtown	O
area	O
,	O


I	O
will	O
not	O
use	O
mass	O
transit	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
safe	O
for	O
female	O
commuters	O
that	O
work	O
long	O
and	O
irregular	O
hours	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
happen	O
to	O
LIKE	O
large	O
lot	O
development	O
.	O


How	O
exactly	O
I	O
'm	O
supposed	O
to	O
keep	O
horses	O
on	O
a	O
1/4	B-QUANTITY
acre	I-QUANTITY
lot	O
is	O
beyond	O
me	O
.	O


Gas	O
could	O
go	O
to	O
$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
a	O
gallon	B-QUANTITY


and	O
I	O
'd	O
still	O
pay	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
have	O
legitimate	O
preferences	O
-	O
horses	O
,	O
hunting	O
,	O
gardening	O
,	O
certain	O
types	O
of	O
small	O
business	O
-	O
that	O
makes	O
them	O
NOT	O
want	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
an	O
urban	O
core	O
.	O


This	O
infatuation	O
with	O
city	O
living	O
truly	O
baffles	O
me	O
.	O


Anonymous	B-PERSON
6:37	I-PERSON
,	O
You	O
have	O
every	O
right	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
if	O
that	O
's	O
where	O
you	O
wish	O
to	O
live	O
.	O


But	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
right	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
to	O
underwrite	O
construction	O
of	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
highway	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
easier	O
to	O
shop	O
and	O
get	O
to	O
work	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
consistently	O
overlooked	O
in	O
the	O
debate	O
ovre	O
288	B-FAC
is	O
what	O
else	O
that	O
$	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
could	O
have	O
been	O
spent	O
on	O
.	O


How	O
much	O
traffic	O
congestion	O
could	O
have	O
been	O
alleviated	O
had	O
the	O
money	O
been	O
applied	O
to	O
other	O
pressing	O
road	O
projects	O
or	O
,	O
god	O
forbid	O
,	O
even	O
non-road	O
projects	O
.	O


Ray	B-PERSON
Hyde	I-PERSON
-	O
My	O
comments	O
were	O
directed	O
at	O
investors	O
who	O
lobby	O
to	O
place	O
roads	O
near	O
where	O
they	O
own	O
property	O
and	O
the	O
incompetent	O
system	O
that	O
funds	O
these	O
requests	O
without	O
regard	O
to	O
their	O
link	O
or	O
lack	O
thereof	O
to	O
a	O
master	O
transportation	O
plan	O
.	O


Check	O
the	O
following	O
.	O
http://www.nosprawltax.org/media/releases/2002Robbery.html	O
and	O
the	O
associated	O
map	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
difficult	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
funding	O
the	O
desired	O
projects	O
illustrated	O
on	O
the	O
map	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
use	O
of	O
transportation	O
revenues	O
.	O


Even	O
those	O
of	O
us	O
who	O
are	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
NoVA	B-FAC
local	O
economy	O
understand	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
have	O
transportation	O
facilities	O
so	O
people	O
can	O
go	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
work	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
would	O
seem	O
to	O
argue	O
for	O
improving	O
congestion	O
hot	O
spots	O
and	O
not	O
enabling	O
more	O
development	O
.	O


Note	O
that	O
I	O
discuss	O
transportation	O
facilities	O
and	O
not	O
roads	O
.	O


We	O
need	O
to	O
judge	O
rail	O
by	O
the	O
same	O
engineering	O
and	O
economic	O
standards	O
as	O
pavement	O
.	O


OK	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
little	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
way	O
I	O
first	O
read	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
still	O
think	O
lobbying	O
is	O
OK	O
,	O
both	O
for	O
the	O
developers	O
and	O
for	O
NoSprawlTax.org	B-ORG
.	O


If	O
it	O
is	O
wrong	O
to	O
look	O
out	O
for	O
our	O
own	O
interests	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
should	O
ALL	O
shut	O
up	O
and	O
let	O
our	O
officials	O
do	O
the	O
job	O
they	O
were	O
hired	O
to	O
do	O
.	O


If	O
there	O
is	O
blame	O
to	O
be	O
placed	O
for	O
bad	O
expenditures	O
,	O
let	O
it	O
fall	O
on	O
the	O
officials	O
.	O


NoSprawlTax.org	B-ORG
and	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Bacon	I-PERSON
are	O
looking	O
out	O
for	O
what	O
they	O
perceive	O
to	O
be	O
their	O
own	O
financial	O
interests	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
developers	O
are	O
,	O
so	O
arguements	O
based	O
on	O
inflammatory	O
statements	O
about	O
others	O
-LRB-	O
``	O
speculators	O
''	O
``	O
short	O
term	O
profits	O
''	O
``	O
windfalls	O
''	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
sort	O
of	O
thing	O
-RRB-	O
fall	O
on	O
deaf	O
ears	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


Claiming	O
that	O
those	O
financial	O
interests	O
are	O
for	O
the	O
betterment	O
of	O
all	O
does	O
n't	O
improve	O
the	O
argument	O
in	O
the	O
least	O
:	O


it	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
argument	O
diluted	O
.	O


With	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
website	O
you	O
posted	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
impressed	O
.	O


The	O
site	O
shows	O
a	O
map	O
of	O
land	O
plots	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
assembled	O
by	O
``	O
developers	O
''	O
.	O


It	O
purportedly	O
shows	O
how	O
they	O
would	O
benefit	O
by	O
new	O
roads	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
which	O
already	O
exist	O
,	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
I	O
can	O
tell	O
.	O


But	O
ask	O
yourself	O
,	O


how	O
were	O
those	O
parcels	O
assembled	O
?	O


They	O
were	O
purchased	O
from	O
landowners	O
and	O
citizens	O
who	O
were	O
ready	O
and	O
willing	O
to	O
sell	O
at	O
the	O
offered	O
price	O
.	O


If	O
the	B-ORG
smart	I-ORG
growth	I-ORG
coalition	I-ORG
wants	O
to	O
keep	O
``	O
cars	O
few	O
and	O
open	O
fields	O
aplenty	O
''	O
they	O
can	O
raise	O
the	O
money	O
and	O
put	O
themselves	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
position	O
the	O
former	O
and	O
present	O
landowners	O
are	O
in	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
a	O
perfectly	O
legal	O
system	O
for	O
doing	O
just	O
that	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
way	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
heavily	O
subsidized	O
.	O


NoSrawlTax	B-ORG
urges	O
taxpayers	O
to	O
reject	O
these	O
new	O
roads	O
.	O


In	O
doing	O
so	O
they	O
are	O
making	O
enemies	O
out	O
of	O
people	O
like	O
Anonymous	B-PERSON
6:37	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
several	O
others	O
who	O
have	O
posted	O
here	O
.	O


In	O
doing	O
so	O
they	O
are	O
also	O
proposing	O
that	O
the	O
costs	O
of	O
keeping	O
those	O
open	O
fields	O
aplenty	O
be	O
absorbed	O
by	O
someone	O
else	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
they	O
want	O
their	O
wishes	O
subsidized	O
by	O
someone	O
else	O
.	O


That	O
someone	O
else	O
is	O
a	O
taxpayer	O
,	O
and	O
maybe	O
a	O
developer	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
in	O
exactly	O
the	O
same	O
boat	O
as	O
everyone	O
else	O
:	O


their	O
assessments	O
and	O
their	O
taxes	O
are	O
going	O
up	O
.	O


Why	O
are	O
they	O
going	O
up	O
?	O


because	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
us	O
are	O
not	O
paying	O
our	O
share	O
,	O


and	O
because	O
of	O
demand	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
anyone	O
's	O
control	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
the	O
assessments	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
what	O
the	O
land	O
can	O
be	O
sold	O
for	O
on	O
an	O
unbiased	O
exchange	O
.	O


How	O
can	O
we	O
assess	O
property	O
on	O
that	O
value	O
and	O
then	O
prohibit	O
the	O
sale	O
?	O


What	O
NoSprawlTax.org	B-ORG
is	O
suggesting	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
bias	O
the	O
exchange	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
do	O
that	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
destroy	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
making	O
the	O
assessment	O
.	O


Say	O
the	O
land	O
was	O
taxed	O
only	O
as	O
its	O
value	O
for	O
growing	O
crops	O
.	O


That	O
value	O
is	O
actually	O
negative	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
.	O


At	O
best	O
,	O
if	O
NoSprawlTax	B-ORG
had	O
their	O
way	O
the	O
tax	O
collected	O
on	O
those	O
properties	O
would	O
fall	O
and	O
everyone	O
else	O
's	O
would	O
go	O
up	O
.	O


But	O
to	O
be	O
fair	O
,	O
if	O
we	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
eliminate	O
all	O
opportunity	O
for	O
those	O
people	O
other	O
than	O
the	O
negative	O
opportunity	O
of	O
growing	O
crops	O
-LRB-	O
supposedly	O
for	O
our	O
own	O
tax	O
benefit	O
-RRB-	O
then	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
compensated	O
,	O


and	O
our	O
taxes	O
will	O
go	O
up	O
even	O
more	O
.	O


Conservation	O
is	O
expensive	O
,	O


and	O
what	O
NoSprawlTax.org	B-ORG
wants	O
is	O
no	O
different	O
from	O
what	O
they	O
claim	O
the	O
developers	O
want	O
:	O


something	O
at	O
someone	O
else	O
's	O
expense	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
parcels	O
indicated	O
on	O
the	O
map	O
,	O


and	O
they	O
will	O
one	B-CARDINAL
day	O
be	O
owned	O
by	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
taxpayers	O
.	O


When	O
built	O
,	O
the	O
roads	O
will	O
be	O
there	O
for	O
all	O
to	O
use	O
,	O
so	O
how	O
can	O
we	O
claim	O
that	O
the	O
roads	O
are	O
being	O
subsidized	O
by	O
taxpayers	O
for	O
the	O
benefit	O
of	O
business	O
interests	O
?	O


They	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
their	O
profits	O
and	O
move	O
on	O
,	O


but	O
the	O
taxpayers	O
will	O
still	O
be	O
there	O
,	O
and	O
still	O
be	O
paying	O
or	O
the	O
roads	O
they	O
need	O
.	O


You	O
and	O
I	O
may	O
or	O
may	O
not	O
use	O
the	O
roads	O
to	O
go	O
visit	O
for	O
a	O
weekend	O
poker	O
game	O
,	O
or	O
make	O
a	O
service	O
call	O
,	O


but	O
we	O
can	O
n't	O
claim	O
that	O
the	O
roads	O
do	O
n't	O
benefit	O
us	O
:	O


we	O
all	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O


Building	O
is	O
something	O
like	O
20	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O


To	O
be	O
sure	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
paying	O
enough	O
.	O


None	O
of	O
us	O
are	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
extent	O
we	O
are	O
not	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
us	O
re	O
being	O
subsidized	O
.	O


And	O
where	O
does	O
the	O
money	O
for	O
that	O
subsidy	O
come	O
from	O
?	O


From	O
the	O
businesses	O
we	O
demonize	O
and	O
work	O
for	O
.	O


Until	O
we	O
have	O
a	O
tax	O
structure	O
where	O
each	O
of	O
us	O
pays	O
our	O
share	O
,	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
very	O
well	O
complain	O
about	O
the	O
newcomers	O
or	O
subsidies	O
for	O
someone	O
else	O
.	O


Schwartz	B-PERSON
's	O
claim	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
roads	O
will	O
do	O
nothing	O
for	O
99	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
drivers	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
is	O
a	O
classic	O
bad	O
argument	O
.	O


Under	O
that	O
criteria	O
,	O
nothing	O
will	O
ever	O
be	O
built	O
anywhere	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
pretty	O
much	O
the	O
situation	O
we	O
have	O
backed	O
ourselves	O
into	O
:	O


build	O
ahead	O
of	O
time	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
promoting	O
sprawl	O
and	O
someone	O
else	O
's	O
profits	O
,	O
build	O
late	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
solving	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


What	O
Anonymous	B-PERSON
6:37	I-PERSON
has	O
n't	O
figured	O
out	O
yet	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
special	O
interests	O
are	O
actively	O
working	O
to	O
make	O
impossible	O
what	O
she	O
has	O
:	O


they	O
would	O
prefer	O
that	O
there	O
be	O
nothing	O
there	O
other	O
than	O
undisturbed	O
and	O
unmaintained	O
land	O
.	O


And	O
she	O
is	O
making	O
the	O
same	O
argument	O
I	O
have	O
prevously	O
made	O
:	O


some	O
commercial	O
development	O
makes	O
it	O
possible	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
work	O
near	O
where	O
they	O
live	O
.	O


Sprawl	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
choose	O
to	O
call	O
it	O
that	O
,	O
makes	O
it	O
possible	O
for	O
more	O
people	O
to	O
own	O
and	O
maintain	O
,	O
and	O
pay	O
the	O
taxes	O
on	O
,	O
what	O
remains	O
of	O
our	O
rural	O
landscape	O
.	O


To	O
the	O
extent	O
that	O
occurs	O
,	O
people	O
like	O
her	O
wo	O
n't	O
need	O
to	O
travel	O
much	O
farther	O
to	O
work	O
and	O
clog	O
roads	O
that	O
are	O
already	O
overdeveloped	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
get	O
off	O
the	O
schtick	O
of	O
blaming	O
everybody	O
else	O
:	O


it	O
is	O
not	O
productive	O
.	O


Our	O
officials	O
are	O
stuck	O
with	O
the	O
unenviable	O
position	O
of	O
balancing	O
opposing	O
interests	O
.	O


Nobody	O
likes	O
sprawl	O


and	O
everyone	O
supports	O
conservation	O
,	O


but	O
it	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
expensive	O
to	O
achieve	O
goals	O
we	O
all	O
say	O
we	O
want	O
.	O


Our	O
officials	O
are	O
stuck	O
with	O
making	O
their	O
decision	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
any	O
measurable	O
criteria	O
,	O


and	O
the	O
special	O
interests	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
are	O
so	O
entrenched	O
in	O
their	O
positions	O
that	O
someone	O
will	O
always	O
be	O
unhappy	O
.	O


I	O
frankly	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
we	O
know	O
anywhere	O
near	O
enough	O
to	O
decide	O
what	O
the	O
best	O
use	O
of	O
transportation	O
revenues	O
is	O
.	O


Even	O
EMR	O
says	O
we	O
know	O
next	O
to	O
nothing	O
about	O
how	O
we	O
settle	O
and	O
live	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
be	O
working	O
to	O
give	O
our	O
oficials	O
tools	O
they	O
can	O
use	O
to	O
dispassionately	O
make	O
decisons	O
that	O
are	O
best	O
for	O
all	O
.	O


But	O
using	O
bad	O
arguments	O
against	O
others	O
that	O
could	O
equally	O
well	O
apply	O
to	O
ourselves	O
does	O
nothing	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
situation	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
spend	O
the	O
energy	O
and	O
money	O
studying	O
what	O
works	O
and	O
what	O
does	O
n't	O
and	O
understanding	O
why	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
measure	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
look	O
at	O
what	O
works	O
and	O
what	O
does	O
n't	O
and	O
measure	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
those	O
places	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
duplicate	O
the	O
ones	O
that	O
work	O
and	O
not	O
duplicate	O
the	O
ones	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
.	O


And	O
we	O
should	O
expect	O
to	O
pay	O
.	O


One	O
thing	O
we	O
can	O
be	O
sure	O
of	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
prosperity	O
is	O
a	O
requirement	O
of	O
whatever	O
works	O
.	O


NoSprawlTax.org	B-ORG
takes	O
Til	B-PERSON
Hazel	I-PERSON
to	O
task	O
for	O
his	O
developments	O
.	O


What	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
point	O
out	O
is	O
that	O
Georgetown	B-FAC
sits	O
on	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
a	O
former	O
Hazel	B-PERSON
family	O
farm	O
.	O


They	O
do	O
n't	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
Hazel	B-PERSON
owns	O
substantial	O
property	O
that	O
is	O
under	O
conservation	O
easement	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
something	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
afford	O
to	O
do	O
without	O
prosperity	O
behind	O
you	O
.	O


While	O
NoSprawlTax	B-ORG
rails	O
against	O
Hazel	B-PERSON
's	O
developments	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
wanted	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
bad	O
for	O
taxpayers	O
,	O
the	O
fact	O
reamins	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
all	O
sold	O
to	O
taxpayers	O
.	O


When	O
you	O
look	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Ballston	I-FAC
Corridor	I-FAC
,	O
those	O
high	O
rises	O
were	O
essentially	O
subdivided	O
from	O
property	O
formerly	O
owned	O
as	O
single	O
family	O
homes	O
.	O


Those	O
homes	O
were	O
sold	O
because	O
the	O
owners	O
could	O
no	O
longer	O
hold	O
on	O
to	O
them	O
at	O
the	O
prices	O
being	O
offered	O
and	O
taxed	O
at	O
.	O


The	O
situation	O
is	O
no	O
different	O
fo	O
people	O
that	O
previously	O
owned	O
the	O
parcels	O
on	O
the	O
NoSrawlTax.org	B-ORG
map	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
no	O
doubt	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
will	O
happen	O
to	O
me	O
eventually	O
.	O


The	O
same	O
thing	O
may	O
be	O
happening	O
to	O
TMT	O
.	O


When	O
the	O
time	O
comes	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
us	O
will	O
sell	O
to	O
the	O
highest	O
bidder	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
expect	O
NoSprawlTax.org	B-ORG
to	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
bidders	O
'	O
list	O
.	O


More	O
likely	O
,	O
someone	O
like	O
Anonymous	B-PERSON
6:37	I-PERSON
will	O
be	O
.	O


Right	O
after	O
she	O
buys	O
,	O
she	O
will	O
probably	O
join	O
NoSprawlTax.org	B-ORG
.	O


There	O
might	O
be	O
some	O
other	O
alternative	O
,	O


but	O
whatever	O
it	O
is	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
cost	O
money	O
.	O


I	O
sure	O
hope	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
my	O
pocket	O
.	O


Ray	B-PERSON
-	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
endorsing	O
anyone	O
's	O
agenda	O
by	O
my	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
web	O
page	O


and	O
I	O
surely	O
do	O
n't	O
begrudge	O
anyone	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
lobby	O
for	O
what	O
they	O
want	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
think	O
that	O
elected	O
officials	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
willing	O
to	O
say	O
``	O
no	O
''	O
when	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
something	O
makes	O
good	O
sense	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
refreshing	O
experiences	O
is	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
elected	O
official	O
honestly	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
he	O
/	O
she	O
simply	O
can	O
not	O
support	O
your	O
request	O
because	O
It	O
's	O
too	O
expensive	O
or	O
because	O
he	O
/	O
she	O
simply	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
the	O
request	O
.	O


What	O
I	O
and	O
,	O
hopefully	O
,	O
quite	O
a	O
few	O
other	O
Virginians	B-NORP
want	O
to	O
see	O
is	O
our	O
elected	O
officials	O
walk	O
their	O
talk	O
.	O


This	O
problem	O
flows	O
from	O
the	O
top	O
on	O
down	O
.	O


Right	O
,	O
wrong	O
or	O
indifferent	O
,	O
Tim	B-PERSON
Kaine	I-PERSON
won	O
office	O
because	O
he	O
said	O
``	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
permit	O
more	O
development	O
where	O
the	O
roads	O
can	O
not	O
handle	O
the	O
traffic	O
''	O


and	O
``	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
pave	O
our	O
way	O
out	O
of	O
this	O
mess	O
.	O
''	O


Yet	O
,	O
once	O
in	O
office	O
,	O
he	O
jumps	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
.	O


Reasonable	O
people	O
can	O
argue	O
that	O
Kaine	B-PERSON
's	O
position	O
that	O
would	O
limit	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
develop	O
one	O
's	O
land	O
was	O
stupid	O
or	O
plain	O
wrong	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
should	O
all	O
agree	O
that	O
his	O
running	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
very	O
position	O
that	O
put	O
him	O
in	O
office	O
is	O
disgraceful	O
.	O


My	O
engineer	O
friends	O
tell	O
me	O
that	O
one	O
can	O
prioritize	O
transportation	O
projects	O
based	O
on	O
what	O
expenditures	O
would	O
produce	O
the	O
most	O
improvement	O
in	O
traffic	O
flow	O
,	O
etc.	O


Yet	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
not	O
how	O
Virginia	B-GPE
funds	O
transportation	O
infrastructure	O
.	O


We	O
do	O
it	O
based	O
on	O
lobbying	O
the	O
CTB	B-ORG
.	O


What	O
the	O
NST	B-ORG
map	O
does	O
show	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
sales	O
tax	O
referendum	O
was	O
mainly	O
to	O
build	O
or	O
expand	O
roads	O
near	O
landholdings	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
not	O
improving	O
transportation	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
investors	O
seeking	O
a	O
subsidy	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
I	O
have	O
a	O
good	O
friend	O
who	O
attended	O
a	O
meeting	O
in	O
Richmond	B-GPE
where	O
a	O
famous	O
developer	O
stood	O
up	O
and	O
told	O
the	O
crowd	O
that	O
he	O
built	O
things	O
and	O
its	O
was	O
the	O
taxpayers	O
'	O
job	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
the	O
infrastructure	O
to	O
support	O
whatever	O
he	O
built	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
the	O
Virginia	B-GPE
way	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


These	O
landowners	O
could	O
offer	O
to	O
build	O
or	O
expand	O
the	O
roads	O
near	O
their	O
properties	O
.	O


Look	O
at	O
the	O
roads	O
that	O
Disney	B-ORG
and	O
others	O
built	O
in	O
Florida	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
fault	O
the	O
landowners	O
for	O
trying	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
fault	O
those	O
elected	O
officials	O
who	O
fail	O
to	O
say	O
``	O
no	O
''	O
to	O
projects	O
that	O
would	O
not	O
fix	O
traffic	O
problems	O
.	O


My	O
criticism	O
is	O
not	O
just	O
for	O
roads	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
for	O
extending	O
Metro	B-FAC
to	O
Dulles	B-GPE
at	O
a	O
huge	O
cost	O
that	O
will	O
not	O
improve	O


The	O
table	O
shows	O
several	O
roads	O
with	O
LOS	O
F	O
that	O
,	O
after	O
spending	O
billions	B-CARDINAL
on	O
Metro	B-FAC
,	O
are	O
still	O
LOS	O
F	O
.	O


Fixing	O
traffic	O
problems	O
?	O


Hardly	O
.	O


Likewise	O
,	O
if	O
we	O
are	O
in	O
a	O
transportation	O
mess	O
,	O
why	O
are	O
n't	O
our	O
elected	O
officials	O
--	O
especially	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
--	O
addressing	O
VDOT	B-ORG
's	O
total	O
lack	O
of	O
internal	O
cost	O
controls	O
?	O


Walk	O
the	O
talk	O
.	O


OK	O
.	O


Now	O
we	O
agree	O
.	O


Lobbying	O
groups	O
should	O
be	O
free	O
to	O
lobby	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
had	O
better	O
bring	O
an	O
argument	O
that	O
is	O
supportable	O
as	O
in	O
``	O
prioritize	O
transportation	O
projects	O
based	O
on	O
what	O
expenditures	O
would	O
produce	O
the	O
most	O
improvement	O
in	O
traffic	O
flow	O
''	O
and	O
not	O
as	O
in	O
``	O
its	O
was	O
the	O
taxpayers	O
'	O
job	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
the	O
infrastructure	O
to	O
support	O
whatever	O
he	O
built	O
''	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
as	O
in	O
``	O
new	O
roads	O
will	O
do	O
nothing	O
for	O
99	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
drivers	O
''	O
.	O


And	O
officials	O
should	O
be	O
free	O
to	O
say	O
no	O
when	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
make	O
any	O
sense	O
.	O


That	O
goes	O
for	O
lobbyists	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
fence	O
.	O


Now	O
,	O
if	O
we	O
can	O
just	O
find	O
some	O
agreement	O
on	O
what	O
does	O
make	O
sense	O
....	O


I	O
agree	O
that	O
Metro	B-FAC
to	O
Dulles	B-GPE
wo	O
n't	O
do	O
a	O
thing	O
for	O
traffic	O
congestion	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
so	O
sure	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
make	O
some	O
sense	O
by	O
some	O
other	O
measure	O
.	O


But	O
clearly	O
,	O
using	O
tolls	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
Metro	B-FAC
-LRB-	O
instead	O
of	O
road	O
improvements	O
-RRB-	O
while	O
simultaneously	O
claiming	O
that	O
cars	O
and	O
roads	O
do	O
n't	O
pay	O
their	O
way	O
is	O
both	O
nutso	O
and	O
egregiously	O
unfair	O
.	O


Those	O
that	O
benefit	O
should	O
pay	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
make	O
egregious	O
statements	O
about	O
who	O
benefits	O
,	O
or	O
who	O
does	O
n't	O
.	O


At	O
some	O
level	O
,	O
everybody	O
benefits	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
benefits	O
probably	O
decrease	O
rapidly	O
with	O
distance	O
.	O


Whatever	O
formula	O
we	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
complex	O
,	O


but	O
we	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
something	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
-RRB-	O
measurable	O
and	O
b	O
-RRB-	O
makes	O
enough	O
sense	O
so	O
that	O
all	O
but	O
the	O
nut	O
cases	O
can	O
see	O
the	O
sense	O
in	O
it	O
.	O


posted	O
by	O
<$BlogBacklinkAuthor$>	O
@	O
<$BlogBacklinkDateTime$>	O


The	O
Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
editorial	O
page	O
this	O
morning	O
has	O
praised	O
``	O
a	O
gang	O
of	O
conservative	O
GOP	B-NORP
members	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
general	I-ORG
assembly	I-ORG
''	O
for	O
foiling	O
Gov.	O
Timothy	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Kaine	I-PERSON
's	O
taxes	O
-	O
for	O
-	O
transportation	O
plan	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
was	O
a	O
victory	O
against	O
long	O
odds	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
renegade	O
house	B-NORP
members	O
were	O
lined	O
up	O
against	O
the	O
Governor	O
,	O
powerful	O
Republicans	B-NORP
in	O
the	B-ORG
state	I-ORG
senate	I-ORG
,	O
elements	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
community	O
and	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
largely	O
pro-tax	O
media	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
Journal	B-ORG
cited	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
revenue	O
surplus	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
reason	O
why	O
voters	O
never	O
warmed	O
to	O
the	O
tax	O
-	O
hike	O
idea	O
,	O
and	O
noted	O
that	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
help	O
that	O
Kaine	B-PERSON
was	O
trying	O
to	O
raise	O
gasoline	O
taxes	O
amidst	O
soaring	O
retail	O
prices	O
at	O
the	O
pump	O
.	O


I	O
wonder	O
how	O
the	O
Journal	B-ORG
would	O
interpret	O
news	O
from	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
Post	I-ORG
today	O
that	O
Del.	O
David	B-PERSON
B.	I-PERSON
Albo	I-PERSON
,	O
R	B-NORP
-	O
Springfield	B-GPE
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
GOP	B-ORG
delegates	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
raise	O
an	O
estimated	O
$	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
a	O
year	O
from	O
Northern	B-LOC
Virginia	I-LOC
to	O
spend	O
on	O
local	O
road	O
and	O
rail	O
projects	O
.	O


``	O
Roads	O
cost	O
money	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
Post	B-ORG
quotes	O
Albo	B-PERSON
as	O
saying	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
'd	O
love	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
the	O
things	O
we	O
need	O
by	O
not	O
raising	O
taxes	O
and	O
using	O
existing	O
revenue	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
'm	O
a	O
realist	O
.	O
''	O


While	O
most	O
GOP	B-NORP
delegates	O
were	O
willing	O
to	O
hang	O
together	O
to	O
oppose	O
a	O
statewide	O
tax	O
increase	O
,	O
there	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
little	O
appreciation	O
of	O
the	O
root	O
causes	O
of	O
transportation	O
dysfunction	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
.	O


Oh	O
,	O
sure	O
,	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
yer	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Howell	I-PERSON
talking	O
about	O
tolls	O
and	O
privatization	O
,	O


and	O
you	O
've	O
got	O
yer	O
Tim	B-PERSON
Hugo	I-PERSON
backing	O
telework	O
,	O


and	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
did	O
pass	O
some	O
marginally	O
useful	O
legislation	O
dealing	O
with	O
VDOT	B-ORG
and	O
land	O
use	O
,	O


but	O
deep	O
down	O
inside	O
,	O
in	O
their	O
heart	O
of	O
hearts	O
,	O
most	O
delegates	O
share	O
the	O
assumption	O
of	O
their	O
counterparts	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
state	I-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
that	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
traffic	O
congestion	O
is	O
insufficient	O
transportation	O
capacity	O
.	O


The	O
disagreement	O
is	O
over	O
how	O
much	O
money	O
the	O
state	O
can	O
afford	O
to	O
raise	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
improvements	O
.	O


Personally	O
,	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
bit	O
too	O
early	O
for	O
anyone	O
to	O
proclaim	O
a	O
``	O
victory	O
.	O
''	O


Yes	O
,	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
has	O
temporarily	O
beat	O
back	O
proposals	O
for	O
some	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
1	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
in	O
tax	O
increases	O
.	O


But	O
simply	O
starving	O
the	O
current	O
,	O
broken	O
transportation	O
system	O
of	O
funds	O
is	O
n't	O
going	O
to	O
solve	O
anything	O
.	O


The	O
House	B-ORG
,	O
along	O
with	O
everyone	O
else	O
,	O
needs	O
to	O
get	O
on	O
with	O
the	O
business	O
of	O
re-thinking	O
transportation	O
fundamentals	O
.	O


Otherwise	O
,	O
they	O
'll	O
end	O
up	O
like	O
Dave	B-PERSON
Albo	I-PERSON
,	O
promoting	O
tax	O
increases	O
through	O
the	O
back	O
door	O
.	O


The	O
business	O
of	O
re-thinking	O
transportation	O
fundamentals	O
then	O
testing	O
,	O
validating	O
,	O
and	O
implementing	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
all	O
that	O
thinking	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
longer	O
and	O
cost	O
more	O
than	O
what	O
they	O
have	O
saved	O
by	O
starving	O
the	O
current	O
system	O
of	O
funds	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
take	O
much	O
more	O
than	O
a	B-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
in	O
tax	O
increases	O
to	O
achieve	O
any	O
alternative	O
plan	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
alternative	O
may	O
turn	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
like	O
the	O
inter-county	O
connector	O
:	O


that	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
old	O
plan	O
only	O
50	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
.	O


In	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
we	O
still	O
suffer	O
under	O
the	O
costs	O
of	O
the	O
congestion	O
tax	O
,	O
for	O
which	O
we	O
get	O
nothing	O
in	O
return	O
,	O


and	O
the	O
costs	O
of	O
any	O
action	O
,	O
whether	O
alternative	O
or	O
traditional	O
continues	O
to	O
go	O
up	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
end	O
we	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
coming	O
around	O
to	O
the	O
back	O
door	O
like	O
beggars	O
,	O


but	O
the	O
alms	O
will	O
be	O
around	O
$	B-MONEY
4	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
instead	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Yeah	O
,	O
I	O
'd	O
say	O
it	O
was	O
too	O
early	O
to	O
claim	O
victory	O
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
:	O
Thank	O
you	O
for	O
recognizing	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
simply	O
starving	O
the	O
current	O
,	O
broken	O
transportation	O
system	O
of	O
funds	O
is	O
n't	O
going	O
to	O
solve	O
anything	O
.	O


The	O
House	B-ORG
,	O
along	O
with	O
everyone	O
else	O
,	O
needs	O
to	O
get	O
on	O
with	O
the	O
business	O
of	O
re-thinking	O
transportation	O
fundamentals	O
.	O
''	O


Your	O
``	O
but	O
deep	O
down	O
inside	O
,	O
in	O
their	O
heart	O
of	O
hearts	O
,	O
most	O
delegates	O
share	O
the	O
assumption	O
of	O
their	O
counterparts	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
state	I-ORG
Senate	I-ORG
that	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
traffic	O
congestion	O
is	O
insufficient	O
transportation	O
capacity	O
.	O
''	O
is	O
challenged	O
by	O
the	O
Post	B-ORG
report	O
on	O
the	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
leaders	O
in	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG


They	O
say	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
less	O
populated	O
regions	O
are	O
also	O
in	O
desperate	O
need	O
of	O
better	O
roads	O
to	O
draw	O
jobs	O
and	O
reverse	O
economic	O
decline	O
.	O


Until	O
our	O
leaders	O
recognize	O
that	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
transportation	O
is	O
limited	O
to	O
being	O
economic	O
enabler	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
an	O
economic	O
driver	O
we	O
will	O
be	O
locked	O
in	O
to	O
the	O
current	O
funding	O
stalemate	O
.	O


Spending	O
taxpayer	O
dollars	O
on	O
transportation	O
to	O
``	O
draw	O
jobs	O
and	O
reverse	O
economic	O
decline	O
''	O
is	O
like	O
pushing	O
on	O
a	O
rope	O
.	O


Reducing	O
the	O
costs	O
of	O
the	O
congestion	O
tax	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
advance	O
the	O
Virginia	B-GPE
's	O
economy	O
.	O


And	O
yet	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
roads	O
are	O
uncongested	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
time	O


and	O
45	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
all	O
travel	O
happens	O
on	O
and	O
during	O
the	O
other	O
10	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


How	O
hard	O
is	O
this	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
,	O
really	O
?	O


Traffic	O
congestion	O
is	O
less	O
during	O
recessions	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
cities	O
would	O
willingly	O
trade	O
high	O
unemployment	O
rates	O
for	O
congestion	O
.	O


Traffic	O
congestion	O
becomes	O
self	O
-	O
correcting	O
when	O
businesses	O
choose	O
to	O
leave	O
an	O
area	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
too	O
crowded	O
and	O
plagued	O
by	O
delays	O
.	O


Politicians	O
want	O
the	O
growth	O
that	O
brings	O
congestion	O
,	O
yet	O
they	O
also	O
want	O
to	O
control	O
or	O
reduce	O
that	O
congestion	O
.	O


They	O
refuse	O
to	O
implement	O
effective	O
strategies	O
to	O
relieve	O
congestion	O
because	O
the	O
stringent	O
solutions	O
required	O
might	O
,	O
like	O
congestion	O
itself	O
,	O
redirect	O
growth	O
to	O
other	O
areas	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
new	O
problem	O
.	O


Rome	B-GPE
restricted	O
deliveries	O
to	O
night	O
time	O
because	O
the	O
carts	O
made	O
the	O
streets	O
dangerous	O
,	O
but	O
night	O
deliveries	O
interrupted	O
sleep	O
.	O


London	B-GPE
had	O
parking	O
restrictions	O
in	O
the	O
1600's	B-DATE
.	O


Affordable	O
public	O
transportation	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
ease	O
the	O
overcrowding	O
and	O
polllution	O
that	O
prevailed	O
before	O
.	O


Zoning	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
to	O
encourage	O
people	O
to	O
move	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
center	O
,	O
subsidized	O
by	O
flat	O
fares	O
on	O
the	O
trolleys	O
.	O


Later	O
,	O
trolley	O
tracks	O
became	O
jammed	O
with	O
trolleys	O
and	O
the	O
system	O
became	O
overcrowded	O
.	O


When	O
roads	O
began	O
to	O
take	O
over	O
from	O
railroads	O
,	O
the	O
problem	O
soon	O
became	O
obvious	O
:	O


``	O
None	O
of	O
us	O
should	O
delude	O
ourselves	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
road	O
problem	O
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
...	O
will	O
be	O
solved	O
at	O
least	O
for	O
many	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Those	O
who	O
use	O
the	O
roads	O
will	O
demand	O
wider	O
,	O
smoother	O
and	O
safer	O
roads	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
increasing	O
use	O
and	O
the	O
consequent	O
congestion	O
on	O
the	O
highways	O
.	O
''	O
-	O


Governor	O
Harry	B-PERSON
Byrd	I-PERSON
,	O
1930	B-WORK_OF_ART
State	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Commonwealth	I-WORK_OF_ART


Whether	O
you	O
call	O
Smart	O
Growth	O
,	O
Transit	O
oriented	O
design	O
,	O
New	O
Urbanism	O
,	O
pedestrian	O
Oriented	O
Communities	O
or	O
what	O
have	O
you	O
,	O
the	O
end	O
result	O
of	O
higher	O
densities	O
will	O
be	O
more	O
congestion	O
in	O
more	O
localized	O
places	O
.	O


We	O
might	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
alleviate	O
some	O
of	O
that	O
by	O
creating	O
a	O
transit	O
system	O
that	O
is	O
20	B-CARDINAL
times	O
as	O
dense	O
as	O
we	O
have	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
doubt	O
we	O
have	O
the	O
economic	O
stomach	O
for	O
that	O
,	O
either	O
,	O
particularly	O
since	O
that	O
style	O
of	O
living	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
attract	O
only	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
population	O
.	O


Planners	O
and	O
environmentalists	O
are	O
disingenuous	O
when	O
they	O
urge	O
us	O
to	O
fight	O
congestion	O
through	O
smart	O
growth	O
.	O


Politicians	O
at	O
heart	O
,	O
they	O
really	O
want	O
more	O
congested	O
environments	O
-LRB-	O
for	O
everyone	O
else	O
-RRB-	O
but	O
presumably	O
want	O
that	O
congestion	O
to	O
be	O
somehow	O
managed	O
and	O
accommodated	O
.	O


If	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
accommodated	O
,	O
people	O
will	O
start	O
to	O
move	O
to	O
the	O
suburbs	O
specifically	O
to	O
avoid	O
congestion	O
.	O


As	O
George	B-PERSON
will	O
put	O
it	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
purpose	O
of	O
'	O
smart	O
'	O
'	O
coordinated	O
'	O
growth	O
is	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
masses	O
,	O
in	O
their	O
freedom	O
,	O
from	O
producing	O
democracy	O
's	O
byproducts	O
--	O
untidiness	O
and	O
even	O
vulgarity	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
bland	O
notion	O
of	O
'	O
planning	O
'	O
often	O
is	O
the	O
rubric	O
under	O
which	O
government	O
operates	O
when	O
making	O
its	O
preferences	O
and	O
prophecies	O
--	O
often	O
meaning	O
its	O
arrogance	O
and	O
its	O
mistakes	O
--	O
mandatory	O
.	O
''	O


So	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
all	O
that	O
hard	O
to	O
push	O
a	O
rope	O
-	O
you	O
just	O
need	O
to	O
freeze	O
it	O
first	B-ORDINAL
.	O


but	O
anyone	O
that	O
thinks	O
any	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
solved	O
,	O
by	O
whatever	O
means	O
,	O
without	O
lots	O
and	O
lots	O
of	O
money	O
needs	O
to	O
go	O
Back	O
to	O
square	O
one	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
ask	O
,	O
what	O
is	O
victory	O
?	O


For	O
the	O
Dems	B-NORP
,	O
either	O
no	O
transportation	O
deal	O
or	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
one	O
is	O
victory	O
,	O
the	O
former	O
because	O
it	O
imporves	O
the	O
electoral	O
landscape	O
in	O
'07	B-DATE
.	O


For	O
the	O
GOP	B-ORG
,	O
something	O
akin	O
to	O
what	O
they	O
were	O
proposing	O
may	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
victory	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
but	O
more	O
likely	O
a	O
victory	O
for	O
the	O
Dems	B-NORP
because	O
voters	O
wo	O
n't	O
see	O
any	O
benefit	O
by	O
'07	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
Jim	B-PERSON
,	O
is	O
it	O
a	O
victory	O
solely	O
if	O
taxes	O
are	O
n't	O
raised	O
?	O


Bob	B-PERSON
,	O
No	O
,	O
I	O
would	O
n't	O
define	O
victory	O
as	O
simply	O
not	O
raising	O
taxes	O
--	O
although	O
I	O
definitely	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
defer	O
raising	O
taxes	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
prudently	O
possible	O
.	O


To	O
me	O
,	O
victory	O
would	O
be	O
winning	O
the	O
acknowledgement	O
of	O
a	O
critical	O
mass	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
that	O
the	O
solution	O
to	O
traffic	O
congestion	O
is	O
not	O
just	O
raising	O
taxes	O
/	O
adding	O
capacity	O
.	O


A	O
rational	O
approach	O
to	O
transportation	O
would	O
entail	O
-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
creating	O
communities	O
with	O
a	O
mix	O
of	O
housing	O
/	O
office	O
/	O
retail	O
/	O
amenities	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
number	O
and	O
length	O
of	O
automobile	O
trips	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
reforming	O
counterproductive	O
zoning	O
codes	O
,	O
subdivision	O
ordinances	O
and	O
comprehensive	O
plans	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
create	O
more	O
transit	O
-	O
friendly	O
and	O
pedestrian	O
-	O
friendly	O
communities	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
3	O
-RRB-	O
creating	O
funding	O
sources	O
for	O
transportation	O
that	O
establishes	O
a	O
rational	O
nexus	O
between	O
those	O
who	O
use	O
/	O
benefit	O
from	O
transportation	O
facilities	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
pay	O
for	O
them	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
4	O
-RRB-	O
promoting	O
telework	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
5	O
-RRB-	O
liberating	O
mass	O
transit	O
from	O
government	O
monopolies	O
and	O
encouraging	O
private	O
sector	O
innovation	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
6	O
-RRB-	O
using	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
tools	O
,	O
from	O
corridor	O
management	O
to	O
intelligent	O
transportation	O
systems	O
,	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
existing	O
thoroughfares	O
,	O
-LRB-	O
7	O
-RRB-	O
stretching	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
road	O
construction	O
/	O
maintenance	O
dollars	O
through	O
outsourcing	O
,	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
8	O
-RRB-	O
prioritizing	O
transportation	O
projects	O
on	O
a	O
congestion	O
-	O
mitigation	O
Return	O
on	O
Investment	O
basis	O
.	O


Virginia	B-GPE
has	O
started	O
tinkering	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
these	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
not	O
systematically	O
explored	O
any	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


Until	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
gets	O
serious	O
about	O
fundamental	O
change	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
declare	O
victory	O
--	O
no	O
matter	O
how	O
high	O
/	O
low	O
taxes	O
and	O
raised	O
/	O
cut	O
.	O


Bob	B-PERSON
-	O
with	O
all	O
due	O
respect	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
blowing	O
smoke	O
.	O


Most	O
people	O
in	O
NoVA	B-LOC
want	O
an	O
adequate	O
public	O
facilities	O
ordinance	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
that	O
anything	O
related	O
to	O
transportation	O
is	O
anything	O
more	O
than	O
another	O
way	O
to	O
foster	O
more	O
development	O
.	O


THey	O
believed	O
that	O
in	O
2002	B-DATE
and	O
still	O
do	O
today	B-DATE
.	O


People	O
voted	O
for	O
Tim	B-PERSON
Kaine	I-PERSON
because	O
many	O
of	O
us	O
truly	O
believed	O
his	O
statement	O
that	O
``	O
enough	O
was	O
enough	O
.	O
''	O


Many	O
of	O
us	O
saw	O
his	O
very	O
modest	O
proposal	O
to	O
postpone	O
development	O
where	O
the	O
roads	O
could	O
not	O
handle	O
today	O
's	O
traffic	O
as	O
a	O
small	O
step	O
towards	O
APF	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Kaine	B-PERSON
made	O
his	O
``	O
promise	O
''	O
with	O
full	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
builders	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
.	O
-RRB-	O


Yet	O
,	O
once	O
confronted	O
with	O
the	O
expected	O
opposition	O
,	O
Kaine	B-PERSON
did	O
a	O
180	B-CARDINAL
and	O
joined	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
--	O


``	O
pay	O
more	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
can	O
develop	O
more	O
.	O
''	O


There	O
are	O
quite	O
a	O
few	O
good	O
Democrats	B-NORP
,	O
Independents	B-NORP
and	O
Republicans	B-NORP
who	O
now	O
believe	O
that	O
Tim	B-PERSON
Kaine	I-PERSON
has	O
joined	O
the	O
dark	O
side	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
believes	O
that	O
anything	O
before	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
will	O
fix	O
the	O
transportation	O
mess	O
we	O
have	O
.	O


No	O
one	O
trusts	O
any	O
Virginia	B-GPE
elected	O
official	O
on	O
land	O
use	O
issues	O
,	O
especially	O
given	O
Kaine	B-PERSON
's	O
switch	O
and	O
Gerry	B-PERSON
Connolly	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
wholesale	O
giveaways	O
to	O
the	O
developers	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
How	O
about	O
$	B-MONEY
43	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
plus	I-MONEY
in	O
Fairfax	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
taxpayer	O
subsidies	O
to	O
land	O
development	O
and	O
zoning	O
services	O
since	O
``	O
Condo	B-PERSON
Connolly	I-PERSON
''	O
took	O
over	O
the	O
BoS	B-ORG
chair	O
?	O
-RRB-	O


This	O
is	O
not	O
to	O
argue	O
that	O
the	O
GOP	B-ORG
is	O
sitting	O
any	O
better	O
.	O


People	O
in	O
NoVA	B-LOC
want	O
an	O
end	O
to	O
policies	O
that	O
support	O
growth	O
without	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
impacts	O
on	O
current	O
residents	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
wanted	O
to	O
run	O
for	O
office	O
in	O
07	B-DATE
,	O
I	O
'd	O
go	O
door	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
door	O
and	O
say	O
``	O
I	O
'm	O
running	O
because	O
Tim	B-DATE
Kaine	I-DATE
lied	O
to	O
us	O
about	O
development	O


and	O
I	O
'll	O
fight	O
for	O
an	O
adequate	O
public	O
facilities	O
ordinance	O
as	O
my	O
number	O
one	B-CARDINAL
priority	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
oppose	O
any	O
transfer	O
of	O
more	O
money	O
from	O
NoVA	B-LOC
taxpayers	O
until	O
we	O
get	O
APF	O
.	O
''	O


I	O
'll	O
bet	O
you	O
I	O
'd	O
get	O
more	O
votes	O
from	O
Democrats	B-NORP
,	O
Independents	B-NORP
and	O
Republicans	B-NORP
than	O
a	O
candidate	O
who	O
says	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
continue	O
the	O
status	O
quo	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
more	O
funding	O
for	O
VDOT	B-ORG
.	O


-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
are	O
part	O
and	O
parcel	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
.	O


It	O
might	O
reduce	O
the	O
number	O
and	O
length	O
of	O
some	O
car	O
trips	O
,	O


but	O
it	O
will	O
result	O
in	O
more	O
localized	O
congestion	O
,	O
and	O
maybe	O
even	O
more	O
congestion	O
overall	O
.	O


Reducing	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
trips	O
is	O
NOT	O
ordinarily	O
a	O
rational	O
approach	O
to	O
transportation	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
in	O
some	O
limited	O
cases	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
3	O
-RRB-	O
I	O
have	O
no	O
problem	O
with	O
,	O
except	O
that	O
even	O
non-users	O
benefit	O
from	O
roads	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
totally	O
user	O
driven	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
4	O
-RRB-	O
I	O
agree	O
with	O
and	O
support	O
,	O
however	O
we	O
may	O
have	O
already	O
sucked	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
juice	O
out	O
of	O
that	O
orange	O


and	O
it	O
conflicts	O
with	O
-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
accomplish	O
-LRB-	O
5	O
-RRB-	O
You	O
will	O
effectively	O
eliminate	O
much	O
of	O
mass	O
transit	O
,	O
unless	O
you	O
have	O
privately	O
operated	O
but	O
subsidized	O
mass	O
transit	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
a	O
recipe	O
for	O
pork	O
,	O
payola	O
,	O
and	O
patronage	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
6	O
-RRB-	O
Increasing	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
existing	O
thoroughfares	O
is	O
a	O
waste	O
since	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
our	O
roads	O
are	O
underused	O
90	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
admission	O
that	O
-LRB-	O
1	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
insufficient	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
7	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
-LRB-	O
8	O
-RRB-	O
I	O
have	O
no	O
problem	O
with	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
really	O
have	O
a	O
problem	O
with	O
-LRB-	O
2	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
OK	O
so	O
far	O
as	O
it	O
goes	O
,	O


but	O
the	O
likely	O
market	O
for	O
the	O
market	O
created	O
by	O
such	O
zoning	O
might	O
only	O
be	O
15	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
population	O
.	O


What	O
it	O
leaves	O
out	O
is	O
what	O
happens	O
to	O
everybody	O
else	O
,	O
who	O
happens	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
an	O
area	O
designated	O
for	O
transit	O
friendly	O
development	O
.	O


Are	O
you	O
also	O
willing	O
to	O
also	O
reform	O
counterproductive	O
zoning	O
codes	O
that	O
requires	O
people	O
to	O
stay	O
in	O
the	O
business	O
of	O
farming	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
?	O


If	O
more	O
density	O
is	O
good	O
for	O
some	O
areas	O
,	O
why	O
not	O
all	O
?	O


I	O
know	O
your	O
answer	O
will	O
be	O
that	O
those	O
people	O
should	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
live	O
where	O
they	O
please	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
they	O
pay	O
their	O
full	O
locational	O
costs	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
can	O
already	O
see	O
that	O
those	O
costs	O
are	O
subject	O
to	O
maipulation	O
:	O


people	O
whose	O
costs	O
include	O
supporting	O
the	B-FAC
Dulles	I-FAC
Toll	I-FAC
road	I-FAC
are	O
also	O
supporting	O
the	O
transit	O
that	O
will	O
make	O
it	O
possible	O
for	O
future	O
residents	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
transit	O
friendly	O
neighborhoods	O
.	O


Whatever	O
happened	O
to	O
THEM	O
paying	O
their	O
full	O
locational	O
costs	O
?	O


Transit	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
require	O
massive	O
and	O
widespread	O
subsidies	O
to	O
even	O
partially	O
work	O
.	O


Here	O
,	O
again	O
,	O
some	O
allowance	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
for	O
the	O
idea	O
that	O
transit	O
provides	O
some	O
limited	O
benefit	O
to	O
non-users	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
those	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
left	O
out	O
will	O
be	O
expected	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
the	O
transit	O
that	O
helps	O
make	O
those	O
included	O
in	O
development	O
areas	O
possible	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
they	O
will	O
likely	O
be	O
excluded	O
from	O
increasing	O
density	O
even	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
to	O
their	O
benefit	O
-LRB-	O
they	O
may	O
live	O
next	O
to	O
those	B-PERCENT
90	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
roads	O
that	O
are	O
underutilized	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
be	O
done	O
partially	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
artificially	O
create	O
the	O
demand	O
required	O
to	O
fill	O
the	O
designated	O
areas	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
cover	O
story	O
will	O
be	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
for	O
the	O
environment	O
,	O
to	O
save	O
prime	O
farmland	O
,	O
etc.	O


This	O
amounts	O
to	O
disingenuously	O
making	O
certain	O
preferences	O
and	O
prophesies	O
mandatory	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
it	O
will	O
fly	O
.	O


When	O
Virginia	B-GPE
does	O
systematically	O
explore	O
these	O
ideas	O
they	O
may	O
very	O
well	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
conclusion	O
that	O
Fundamental	O
Change	O
is	O
a	O
really	O
lousy	O
idea	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
,	O
bad	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
business	O
as	O
usual	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
option	O
after	O
all	O
.	O


The	O
main	O
reson	O
they	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
reach	O
that	O
conclusion	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
costs	O
for	O
all	O
this	O
theoretical	O
thinking	O
and	O
experimental	O
development	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
far	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
money	O
we	O
``	O
saved	O
''	O
on	O
transportation	O
by	O
not	O
providing	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
see	O
what	O
TMT	B-PERSON
says	O
as	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
coin	O
I	O
described	O
above	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
get	O
APF's	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
disproportionately	O
used	O
against	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
``	O
left	O
out	O
''	O
of	O
development	O
plans	O
,	O
and	O
consequently	O
used	O
to	O
ram	O
still	O
more	O
development	O
down	O
TMT	B-PERSON
's	O
throat	O
.	O


After	O
all	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
say	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
where	O
the	O
most	O
facilities	O
are	O
;	O


even	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
inadequate	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
more	O
adequate	O
than	O
places	O
that	O
have	O
none	O
.	O


Will	B-PERSON
Rogers	I-PERSON
once	O
joked	O
that	O
if	O
you	O
wanted	O
to	O
cure	O
traffic	O
congestion	O
,	O
just	O
make	O
people	O
pay	O
cash	O
for	O
their	O
cars	O
up	O
front	O
.	O


The	O
APF	O
idea	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
kind	O
of	O
joke	O
.	O


None	O
of	O
the	O
development	O
we	O
have	O
was	O
built	O
when	O
the	O
facilities	O
were	O
adequate	O
,	O
and	O
much	O
of	O
it	O
was	O
built	O
specifically	O
to	O
get	O
away	O
from	O
places	O
that	O
had	O
inadequate	O
facilities	O
and	O
were	O
over	O
built	O
.	O


We	O
are	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
APF's	O
up	O
front	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
recipe	O
for	O
creating	O
either	O
no	O
development	O
or	O
only	O
hoplessly	O
expensive	O
development	O


-LRB-	O
See	O
Morgan	O
's	O
Riflemen	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


APF's	O
are	O
a	O
good	O
idea	O
only	O
if	O
you	O
are	O
willing	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
dedicated	O
and	O
adequate	O
funding	O
stream	O
for	O
them	O
,	O
same	O
as	O
for	O
Metro	B-FAC
.	O


And	O
that	O
means	O
you	O
need	O
a	O
lot	O
more	O
money	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
is	O
no	O
good	O
to	O
claim	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
without	O
impacting	O
current	O
residents	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
still	O
going	O
to	O
come	O
out	O
of	O
your	O
pocket	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
.	O


Just	O
as	O
roads	O
benefit	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
n't	O
drive	O
and	O
transit	O
benefits	O
those	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
ride	O
,	O
development	O
benefits	O
those	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
build	O
.	O


This	O
last	B-ORDINAL
creates	O
a	O
real	O
problem	O
and	O
hardship	O
because	O
existing	O
residents	O
have	O
no	O
way	O
to	O
capitalize	O
on	O
their	O
fortune	O
unless	O
they	O
move	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
the	O
APF's	O
are	O
disproportionately	O
applied	O
,	O
then	O
there	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
any	O
place	O
to	O
move	O
to	O
.	O


In	O
that	O
case	O
the	O
benefits	O
and	O
disbenefits	O
of	O
APF's	O
cancel	O
each	O
other	O
out	O
,	O


and	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
reason	O
to	O
implement	O
what	O
is	O
a	O
lousy	O
idea	O
to	O
begin	O
with	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
online	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
WSJ	B-ORG
,	O
but	O
did	O
it	O
really	O
refer	O
to	O
the	O
``	O
general	O
assembling	O
''	O
and	O
did	O
it	O
also	O
fault	O
Kaine	B-PERSON
for	O
``	O
trying	O
to	O
raise	O
gasoline	O
taxes	O
?	O
''	O


If	O
so	O
,	O
does	O
the	O
WSJ	B-ORG
have	O
a	O
fact	O
checker	O
on	O
staff	O
?	O


Once	O
we	O
're	O
done	O
with	O
this	O
doomed	O
debate	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
move	O
on	O
to	O
contemplate	O
the	O
doubled	O
energy	O
prices	O
we	O
can	O
all	O
expect	O
when	O
we	O
get	O
to	O
enjoy	O
the	O
full	O
benefits	O
of	O
a	O
deregulated	O
electricity	O
market	O
in	O
a	B-DATE
couple	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


Hmmm	O
--	O


double	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
juice	O
and	O
hopelessly	O
clogged	O
roads	O
.	O


Will	O
the	O
last	B-ORDINAL
ones	O
out	O
``	O
free	O
market	O
''	O
Virginia	B-GPE
please	O
turn	O
out	O
the	O
lights	O
on	O
your	O
way	O
to	O
North	B-GPE
Carolina	I-GPE
?	O


Not	B-PERSON
Grover	I-PERSON
,	O
Thanks	O
for	O
catching	O
my	O
typo	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
corrected	O
it	O
.	O


And	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
good	O
point	O
about	O
Kaine	B-PERSON
's	O
``	O
gasoline	O
tax	O
.	O
''	O


There	O
has	O
been	O
so	O
much	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
that	O
I	O
ca	O
n't	O
remember	O
every	O
permutation	O
of	O
every	O
tax	O
plan	O
.	O


But	O
was	O
not	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
Kaine	B-PERSON
and	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
tax	O
plans	O
to	O
NOT	O
tax	O
gasoline	O
at	O
the	O
pump	O
--	O
indeed	O
to	O
tax	O
anything	O
but	O
gasoline	O
at	O
the	O
pump	O
?	O


In	O
that	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
WSJ	B-ORG
got	O
its	O
information	O
very	O
wrong	O
.	O


Yesterday	B-DATE
as	O
I	O
was	O
cruising	O
along	O
at	O
below	O
traffic	O
speed	O
but	O
still	O
65	B-CARDINAL
in	O
55	B-CARDINAL
a	O
tow	O
truck	O
passed	O
me	O
like	O
I	O
was	O
sitting	O
still	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
running	O
at	O
least	O
75	B-CARDINAL
and	O
maybe	O
more	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
towing	O
a	O
school	O
bus	O
.	O


That	O
kind	O
of	O
behavior	O
makes	O
you	O
think	O
there	O
might	O
be	O
some	O
value	O
in	O
Albo	B-PERSON
's	O
plan	O
to	O
increase	O
fines	O
for	O
really	O
bad	O
drivers	O
,	O
especially	O
since	O
almost	B-CARDINAL
a	I-CARDINAL
third	I-CARDINAL
of	O
traffic	O
cogestion	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
incidents	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
long	O
held	O
that	O
fines	O
for	O
professional	O
drivers	O
should	O
be	O
tripled	O
-	O


these	O
guys	O
should	O
know	O
better	O
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
agree	O
with	O
most	O
of	O
your	O
proposals	O
,	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
the	O
goals	O
you	O
hope	O
to	O
achieve	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
am	O
suspicious	O
of	O
the	O
outsourcing	O
and	O
private	O
partnerships	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
rather	O
reform	O
public	O
entities	O
because	O
private	O
entities	O
require	O
a	O
level	O
of	O
cost	O
public	O
ones	O
should	O
n't	O
--	O
profit	O
.	O


I	O
agree	O
with	O
Ray	B-PERSON
that	O
even	O
non-users	O
of	O
transportation	O
facilities	O
benefit	O
from	O
them	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
do	O
favor	O
higher	O
gas	O
taxes	O
and	O
other	O
directly	O
related	O
user	O
fees	O
.	O


And	O
with	O
congestion	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
is	O
,	O
building	O
roads	O
to	O
nowhere	O
in	O
the	O
hopes	O
of	O
fostering	O
economic	O
development	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
feasible	O
.	O


Ray	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
'm	O
surprised	O
you	O
think	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
do	O
more	O
teleworking	O
.	O


Seems	O
we	O
have	O
many	O
opportunities	O
to	O
expand	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
overall	O
,	O
demanding	O
such	O
reforms	O
before	O
expanding	O
capacity	O
simply	O
wo	O
n't	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
real	O
world	O
.	O


First	O
,	O
we	O
'll	O
need	O
to	O
reform	O
American	B-NORP
capitalism	O
itself	O
,	O
eliminating	O
the	O
public	O
supported	O
breaks	O
we	O
give	O
to	O
business	O
,	O
whether	O
they	O
be	O
home	O
developers	O
,	O
road	O
builders	O
,	O
or	O
farmers	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
homeowners	O
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
interest	O
rate	O
deductions	O
.	O


Bottom	O
line	O
is	O
we	O
need	O
more	O
capacity	O
and	O
land	O
use	O
reform	O
.	O


My	O
interest	O
is	O
the	O
politics	O
of	O
it	O
.	O


Which	O
brings	O
me	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
question	O
,	O
asked	O
in	O
that	O
context	O
:	O


How	O
do	O
you	O
judge	O
when	O
the	O
reforms	O
you	O
want	O
are	O
sufficient	O
to	O
invest	O
more	O
in	O
increasing	O
capacity	O
?	O


Jim	B-PERSON
,	O
you	O
may	O
have	O
a	O
clear	O
vision	O
in	O
your	O
head	O
about	O
what	O
that	O
threshold	O
is	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
sense	O
from	O
the	O
SmartGrowth	O
folks	O
and	O
anti-taxers	O
who	O
make	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
arguements	O
you	O
do	O
that	O
any	O
amount	O
of	O
reform	O
will	O
never	O
be	O
enough	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
EMR	B-PERSON
convinced	O
me	O
that	O
those	O
that	O
really	O
can	O
telework	O
already	O
do	O
so	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
for	O
whom	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
apply	O
,	O
retail	O
,	O
mechanics	O
,	O
etc.	O


There	O
is	O
more	O
we	O
can	O
do	O
on	O
telework	O
,	O


but	O
Ed	B-PERSON
suggests	O
the	O
well	O
is	O
not	O
as	O
deep	O
as	O
we	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
believe	O
.	O


Then	O
again	O
,	O
it	O
runs	O
counter	O
or	O
provides	O
impetus	O
that	O
is	O
counter	O
to	O
his	O
other	O
ideas	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
formerly	O
more	O
optimistic	O
,	O


but	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
I	O
found	O
his	O
argument	O
persuasive	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
open	O
to	O
more	O
hard	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
I	O
believe	O
the	O
biggest	O
hindrance	O
is	O
organizational	O
,	O
not	O
technical	O
.	O


I	O
favor	O
higher	O
gas	O
taxes	O
and	O
user	O
fees	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
exclusively	O
because	O
we	O
all	O
have	O
a	O
stake	O
in	O
roads	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
make	O
the	O
same	O
argument	O
for	O
transit	O
:	O


it	O
is	O
OK	O
for	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
or	O
auto	O
drivers	O
-LRB-	O
which	O
is	O
much	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
provide	O
some	O
support	O
for	O
transit	O
because	O
there	O
is	O
some	O
-LRB-	O
small	O
-RRB-	O
benefit	O
to	O
everyone	O
for	O
those	O
that	O
are	O
able	O
and	O
willing	O
to	O
use	O
Metro	B-FAC
etc.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
once	O
we	O
understand	O
how	O
small	O
that	O
benefit	O
really	O
is	O
we	O
might	O
decide	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
not	O
worth	O
it	O
,	O


and	O
we	O
should	O
let	O
the	O
thing	O
be	O
privatized	O
where	O
it	O
works	O
and	O
disappear	O
where	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
with	O
you	O
.	O


We	O
can	O
not	O
take	O
hard	O
lines	O
on	O
every	O
issue	O
and	O
make	O
progress	O
in	O
any	O
direction	O
.	O


Unfortunately	O
,	O
for	O
some	O
,	O
strategic	O
stalemate	O
is	O
just	O
as	O
good	O
as	O
any	O
other	O
means	O
of	O
conservation	O
,	O
never	O
mind	O
whatever	O
other	O
harm	O
it	O
does	O
.	O


posted	O
by	O
<$BlogBacklinkAuthor$>	O
@	O
<$BlogBacklinkDateTime$>	O


Not	O
only	O
is	O
Virginia	B-GPE
heading	O
for	O
a	O
fiscal	O
crisis	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
heading	O
for	O
a	O
constitutional	O
crisis	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


The	O
Senate	B-ORG
and	O
House	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Delegates	I-ORG
managed	O
to	O
get	O
budget	O
talks	O
back	O
on	O
track	O
last	B-DATE
week	I-DATE
,	O


but	O
negotiations	O
derailed	O
faster	O
than	O
an	O
Amtrak	B-ORG
train	O
in	O
a	O
snow	O
storm	O
.	O


Judging	O
by	O
the	O
exchange	O
of	O
letters	O
released	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
,	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
and	O
House	B-ORG
budget	O
conferees	O
are	O
as	O
acrimonious	O
as	O
they	O
've	O
ever	O
been	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
24	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
left	O
to	O
patch	O
together	O
a	O
budget	O
before	O
the	B-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
ends	O
.	O


Then	O
the	O
state	O
enters	O
a	O
constitutional	O
crisis	O
.	O


Gov.	O
Timothy	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Kaine	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
has	O
the	O
authority	O
to	O
keep	O
basic	O
state	O
services	O
running	O
without	O
a	O
budget	O
.	O


But	O
Attorney	O
General	O
Robert	B-PERSON
F.	I-PERSON
McDonnell	I-PERSON
says	O
he	O
does	O
not	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Read	O
the	O
Washington	B-ORG
Post	I-ORG
coverage	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Meanwhile	O
,	O
senior	O
state	O
lawmakers	O
are	O
due	O
to	O
visit	O
bond	O
rating	O
agencies	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
.	O


Virginia	B-GPE
may	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
managed	O
state	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
when	O
the	O
politicians	O
are	O
actually	O
speaking	O
to	O
one	O
another	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
looking	O
terribly	O
well	O
managed	O
right	O
now	O
.	O


Only	O
two	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O
on	O
the	O
heels	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
recession	O
,	O
Virginia	B-GPE
's	O
political	O
class	O
was	O
consternated	O
that	O
the	O
state	O
's	O
AAA	O
bond	O
rating	O
might	O
be	O
cut	O
.	O


Would	O
n't	O
it	O
be	O
ironic	O
if	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
2004	B-DATE
tax	O
increase	O
and	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
1.5	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
surplus	O
,	O
the	O
rating	O
agencies	O
cut	O
Virginia	B-GPE
's	O
bond	O
rating	O
anyway	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
?	O


It	O
would	O
appear	O
given	O
the	O
deadlocks	O
and	O
disputes	O
that	O
have	O
afflicted	O
our	O
General	B-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
since	O
2001	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
vaunted	O
Republican	B-NORP
majority	O
is	O
just	O
not	O
now	O
nor	O
has	O
it	O
ever	O
been	O
ready	O
for	O
prime	O
time	O
governing	O
.	O


Anon	O
:	O
'	O
Ever	O
'	O
is	O
a	O
bit	O
of	O
hyperbole	O
.	O


The	O
RINOs	O
are	O
unfit	O
to	O
govern	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
for	O
sure	O
.	O


The	O
phony	O
bond	O
crisis	O
of	O
04	B-DATE
was	O
that	O
Virginia	B-GPE
could	O
'	O
only	O
'	O
borrow	O
$	B-MONEY
800	I-MONEY
m	I-MONEY
if	O
the	O
Commonwealth	B-GPE
wanted	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
.	O


Why	O
Mr.	O
Atticus	B-PERSON
Bowden	I-PERSON
,	O
if	O
``	O
ever	O
''	O
were	O
hyperbole	O
perhaps	O
you	O
could	O
tell	O
me	O
when	O
they	O
did	O
manage	O
to	O
govern	O
--	O
all	O
by	O
themselves	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
?	O


The	O
last	O
time	O
they	O
did	O
have	O
a	O
chance	O
was	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
19th	I-DATE
Century	I-DATE
.	O


As	O
I	O
recall	O
the	O
Republican	B-NORP
and	O
Readjuster	B-NORP
movement	O
failed	O
then	O
,	O
too	O
.	O


The	O
beauty	O
of	O
democracy	O
is	O
that	O
people	O
get	O
the	O
government	O
they	O
deserve	O
.	O


We	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
drank	O
the	B-PRODUCT
Kool	I-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
aid	I-PRODUCT
and	O
elected	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
culture	O
warrior	O
idealogues	O
instead	O
of	O
good	O
,	O
pragmatic	O
stewards	O
.	O


We	O
get	O
what	O
we	O
deserve	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
to	O
imperil	O
our	O
bond	O
rating	O
than	O
to	O
pass	O
a	O
budget	O
that	O
continues	O
the	O
taxation	O
practices	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
two	B-CARDINAL
general	B-ORG
assemblies	I-ORG
.	O


I	O
patently	O
reject	O
the	O
idea	O
that	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
out	O
of	O
this	O
morass	O
is	O
to	O
pass	O
a	O
budget	O
that	O
has	O
a	O
net	O
tax	O
increase	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
to	O
get	O
off	O
this	O
tax	O
and	O
spend	O
merry	O
-	O
go	O
-	O
round	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
time	O
we	O
Republicans	B-NORP
return	O
to	O
our	O
roots	O
of	O
fiscal	O
conservancy	O
.	O


Anon	O
:	O
The	O
GOP	B-ORG
majority	O
did	O
fine	O
with	O
the	O
Car	B-LAW
Tax	I-LAW
relief	O
from	O
the	B-DATE
2000	I-DATE
session	I-DATE
until	O
the	B-DATE
2002	I-DATE
session	I-DATE
when	O
they	O
passed	O
the	O
2002	B-DATE
Tax	O
Scam	O
.	O


Also	O
,	O
I	O
was	O
being	O
a	O
bit	O
hopeful	O
that	O
'	O
ever	O
'	O
means	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
too	O
.	O


I	O
agree	O
,	O
that	O
Republicans	B-NORP
have	O
n't	O
covered	O
themselves	O
in	O
glory	O
in	O
the	O
GA	B-ORG
in	O
the	B-DATE
few	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
our	O
Party	O
has	O
been	O
in	O
the	O
majority	O
.	O


Getting	O
rid	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
Dem	B-NORP
retreads	O
like	O
His	O
Lordship	O
Sir	O
John	B-PERSON
Chichester	I-PERSON
,	O
Tommy	B-PERSON
Norment	I-PERSON
,	O
etc.	O
will	O
improve	O
the	O
governance	O
.	O


Yeah	O
.	O


You	O
're	O
right	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
Vance	B-PERSON
Wilkins	I-PERSON
.	O


Getting	O
rid	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
Dem	B-NORP
retreads	O
like	O
His	O
Lordship	O
Sir	O
John	B-PERSON
Chichester	I-PERSON
,	O
Tommy	B-PERSON
Norment	I-PERSON
,	O
etc.	O
will	O
improve	O
the	O
governance	O
.	O


From	O
your	O
lips	O
to	O
God	O
's	O
ears	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Brown	B-PERSON
!	O


Old	O
Dem	B-NORP
Retreads	O
I	O
am	O
aware	O
of	O
include	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Reagan	I-PERSON
,	O
Mills	B-PERSON
Godwin	I-PERSON
,	O
Lacey	B-PERSON
Putney	I-PERSON
....	O


BTW	O
down	O
at	O
the	O
funny	O
farm	O
today	O
not	O
only	O
did	O
they	O
make	O
no	O
progress	O
on	O
the	O
new	O
budget	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
the	O
agreement	O
on	O
the	B-LAW
``	I-LAW
caboose	I-LAW
bill	I-LAW
''	I-LAW
for	O
the	B-DATE
current	I-DATE
fiscal	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
is	O
unraveling	O
.	O


The	O
Governor	O
made	O
a	O
mistake	O
offering	O
amendments	O
.	O


It	O
just	O
gave	O
them	O
a	O
new	O
chance	O
to	O
screw	O
it	O
all	O
up	O
again	O
.	O


Update	O
:	O
Reason	O
prevailed	O
on	O
the	B-LAW
``	I-LAW
caboose	I-LAW
bill	I-LAW
''	I-LAW
and	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
backed	O
off	O
a	O
last	O
minute	B-TIME
amendment	O
that	O
the	O
Senate	B-ORG
would	O
n't	O
go	O
along	O
with	O
,	O
so	O
at	O
least	O
that	O
budget	O
is	O
done	O
.	O


Otherwise	O
that	O
bill	O
would	O
have	O
ended	O
up	O
back	O
in	O
the	O
conference	O
committee	O
again	O
.	O


To	O
see	O
this	O
going	O
on	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
now	O
is	O
truly	O
an	O
embarrassment	O
.	O


The	O
Senate	B-ORG
gave	O
in	O
on	O
its	O
main	O
point	O
weeks	B-DATE
ago	I-DATE
and	O
if	O
we	O
reach	O
July	B-DATE
1	I-DATE
with	O
no	O
budget	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
's	O
head	O
.	O


Ronald	B-PERSON
Reagan	I-PERSON
was	O
a	O
convert	O
,	O
a	O
true	O
believer	O
,	O
who	O
actually	O
believed	O
the	O
same	O
stuff	O


and	O
the	O
Dems	B-NORP
left	O
him	O
.	O


Virginia	B-GPE
has	O
Dem	B-NORP
retreads	O
who	O
know	O
the	O
GOP	B-ORG
stands	O
for	O
getting	O
elected	O
,	O
but	O
do	O
n't	O
know	O
what	O
the	O
acronym	O
means	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
just	O
trying	O
to	O
fathom	O
the	O
mess	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
have	O
if	O
this	O
is	O
n't	O
settled	O
by	O
7	B-DATE
/	I-DATE
1	I-DATE
.	O


If	O
we	O
really	O
ca	O
n't	O
pay	O
anyone	O
out	O
of	O
emergency	O
funds	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
trying	O
to	O
get	O
my	O
head	O
around	O
what	O
that	O
means	O
-	O


if	O
I	O
understand	O
it	O
correctly	O
:	O


no	O
state	O
police	O
on	O
duty	O


no	O
guards	O
at	O
the	O
state	O
prisons	O


-LRB-	O
and	O
what	O
are	O
we	O
going	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
inmates	O
?	O
-RRB-	O


no	O
one	O
to	O
handle	O
the	O
patients	O
at	O
the	O
state	O
mental	O
hospitals	O


no	O
one	O
to	O
handle	O
the	O
patients	O
at	O
the	O
state	O
REGULAR	O
hospitals	O
-	O
MCV	B-FAC
,	O
UVA	B-FAC
,	O
etc.	O


What	O
happens	O
to	O
the	O
patients	O
?	O


no	O
one	O
working	O
at	O
the	O
state	O
colleges	O
for	O
summer	O
school	O
or	O
research	O
or	O
sending	O
out	O
transcripts	O
and	O
getting	O
ready	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	O


and	O
no	O
classes	O
at	O
the	O
community	O
colleges	O


all	O
the	O
state	O
parks	O
closed	O
-	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
thnk	O
you	O
can	O
have	O
them	O
open	O
w/o	O
any	O
staff	O
-LRB-	O
trash	O
,	O
safety	O
,	O
etc	O
-RRB-	O


no	O
unemployment	O
for	O
the	O
furloughed	O
state	O
workers	O
,	O
b/c	O
is	O
n't	O
that	O
handled	O
by	O
state	O
workers	O
?	O


most	O
of	O
the	O
folks	O
that	O
give	O
restaurant	O
and	O
well	O
and	O
septic	O
permits	O
furloughed	O


state	O
courts	O
closed	O


no	O
one	O
to	O
fix	O
the	O
roads	O
or	O
finish	O
temporary	O
repairs	O
or	O
new	O
construction	O


a	O
huge	O
mess	O
with	O
figuring	O
out	O
pay	O
and	O
benefits	O
for	O
state	O
workers	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
happy	O
about	O
this	O


liquor	O
stores	O
all	O
closed	O


medical	O
examiners	O
and	O
no	O
state	O
forensic	O
lab	O
specialists	O
all	O
gone	O
home	O


no	O
one	O
at	O
Consolidated	B-ORG
Labs	I-ORG
to	O
do	O
rabies	O
checks	O


no	O
public	O
health	O
people	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
kids	O
'	O
back	O
to	O
school	O
shots	O
,	O
or	O
epidemiology	O
for	O
homeland	O
security	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
school	O
physicals	O
for	O
sports	O


no	O
one	O
at	O
the	O
department	O
of	O
vital	O
statistics	O
-	O


how	O
will	O
we	O
get	O
birth	O
or	O
death	O
certificates	O
?	O


state	O
lottery	O
would	O
be	O
closed	O


the	B-FAC
Science	I-FAC
Museum	I-FAC
in	O
Richmond	B-GPE
would	O
be	O
closed	O


the	O
DMV	B-ORG
would	O
be	O
closed	O


the	B-FAC
Virginia	I-FAC
Museum	I-FAC
of	I-FAC
Fine	I-FAC
Arts	I-FAC
would	O
be	O
closed	O


VRS	B-ORG
retirement	O
checks	O
presumably	O
wo	O
n't	O
go	O
out	O


and	O
probably	O
a	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
things	O
I	O
have	O
n't	O
thought	O
of	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
seen	O
folks	O
say	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
any	O
big	O
deal	O
.	O


Personally	O
,	O
it	O
sounds	O
like	O
a	O
huge	O
honking	O
mess	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


After	O
seeing	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
what	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
open	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
on	O
duty	O
...	O
which	O
I	O
'm	O
also	O
quite	O
sure	O
is	O
not	O
complete	O
...	O
I	O
'll	O
go	O
out	O
on	O
a	O
limb	O
....	O
and	O
predict	O
...	O
that	O
this	O
will	O
not	O
happen	O


and	O
what	O
is	O
really	O
going	O
on	O
is	O
the	O
GA	B-ORG
equivalent	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
cars	O
speeding	O
towards	O
each	O
other	O
until	O
someone	O
blinks	O
.	O


I	O
'll	O
also	O
predict	O
...	O
that	O
the	O
classic	O
fall	O
-	O
back	O
position	O
for	O
Virginia	B-GPE
is	O
the	O
same	O
one	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
Feds	B-NORP
-	O


continue	O
the	O
budget	O
using	O
last	O
budget	O
allocations	O
...	O
continuing	O
resolution	O
and	O
all	O
that	O
stuff	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
actual	O
issue	O
of	O
how	O
much	O
tax	O
is	O
enough	O
-	O
I	O
find	O
myself	O
influenced	O
by	O
both	O
sides	O
'	O
arguments	O
to	O
a	O
certain	O
extent	O


but	O
I	O
guess	O
what	O
I	O
can	O
not	O
understand	O
is	O
that	O
all	O
things	O
being	O
equal	O
..	O
does	O
n't	O
population	O
growth	O
result	O
in	O
MORE	O
tax	O
revenues	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
allocated	O
presumedly	O
as	O
they	O
were	O
before	O
-	O
in	O
other	O
words	O
priorities	O
remain	O
the	O
same	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
allocations	O
?	O


If	O
everyone	O
-	O
those	O
already	O
here	O
plus	O
our	O
population	O
growth	O
is	O
to	O
pay	O
HIGHER	O
taxes	O
-	O
should	O
there	O
be	O
an	O
expectation	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
taxpayers	O
to	O
receive	O
MORE	O
services	O
...	O
and	O
of	O
course	O
....	O
what	O
about	O
those	O
that	O
are	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
government	O
providing	O
services	O
that	O
private	O
industry	O
could	O
do	O
-	O
for	O
less	O
.	O


This	O
certainly	O
goes	O
for	O
transportation	O
where	O
we	O
talk	O
about	O
a	O
``	O
crisis	O
''	O
that	O
can	O
ONLY	O
be	O
solved	O
by	O
higher	O
taxes	O
and	O
more	O
government	O
spending	O
.	O


Here	O
's	O
an	O
interesting	O
article	O
from	O
Pilot	O
Online	O
:	O


http://home.hamptonroads.com/stories/story.cfm?story=105522&ran=48577	O


``	O
The	B-FAC
Pocahontas	I-FAC
Parkway	I-FAC
,	O
a	O
state	O
-	O
owned	O
toll	O
road	O
that	O
opened	O
four	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
on	O
Richmond	B-GPE
's	O
outskirts	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
financial	O
flop	O
.	O


With	O
traffic	O
below	O
projections	O
,	O
the	O
nonprofit	O
corporation	O
that	O
operates	O
the	O
road	O
has	O
struggled	O
to	O
avoid	O
defaulting	O
on	O
its	O
bonds	O
.	O


But	O
salvation	O
has	O
come	O
from	O
an	O
unlikely	O
suitor	O
-	O
an	O
Australian	B-NORP
company	O
called	O
Transurban	B-ORG
that	O
has	O
agreed	O
to	O
pay	O
the	B-ORG
Virginia	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Transportation	I-ORG
$	B-MONEY
522	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
exchange	O
for	O
a	O
99	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
lease	O
of	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


That	O
an	O
Australian	B-NORP
company	O
has	O
agreed	O
to	O
spend	O
$	B-MONEY
522	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
on	O
Pocahontas	B-FAC
Parkway	I-FAC
,	O
a	O
road	O
that	O
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
collected	O
just	O
$	B-MONEY
10.3	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
tolls	O
.	O


In	O
exchange	O
for	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
keep	O
all	O
parkway	O
toll	O
revenue	O
,	O
Transurban	B-ORG
agreed	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
1.6	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
,	O
four	B-CARDINAL
-	O
lane	O
road	O
to	O
the	B-FAC
Richmond	I-FAC
International	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
,	O
pending	O
federal	O
approval	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
will	O
pay	O
off	O
the	O
parkway	O
's	O
debt	O
and	O
upgrade	O
its	O
electronic	O
tolling	O
equipment	O
in	O
anticipation	O
of	O
a	O
rate	O
increase	O
expected	O
in	O
2008	B-DATE
.	O
''	O


So	O
...	O
I	O
'd	O
ask	O
...	O
why	O
not	O
replicate	O
this	O
approach	O
to	O
some	O
of	O
our	O
more	O
urgent	O
transportation	O
problems	O
and	O
get	O
VDOT	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
State	O
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
out	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
of	O
collecting	O
taxes	O
...	O
and	O
apparently	O
not	O
knowing	O
how	O
to	O
build	O
even	O
toll	O
roads	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
cost	O
-	O
effective	O
?	O


Is	O
this	O
why	O
the	O
GA	B-ORG
guys	O
are	O
playing	O
``	O
chicken	O
''	O
with	O
the	O
budget	O
?	O


At	O
10:06	B-TIME
PM	I-TIME
,	O
Anonymous	O
said	O
..	O


Wow	O
...	O


talk	O
about	O
hyperbole	O
!	O


None	O
of	O
what	O
you	O
wrote	O
will	O
happen	O
.	O


It	O
may	O
not	O
happen	O
-	O


BUT	O
,	O
if	O
we	O
shut	O
down	O
the	O
Virginia	B-GPE
state	O
government	O
,	O
that	O
IS	O
what	O
will	O
happen	O
.	O


I	O
went	O
to	O
DHRM	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
state	O
human	O
resources	O
dept	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
looked	O
at	O
the	O
open	O
jobs	O
,	O
to	O
see	O
what	O
the	O
state	O
does	O
.	O


State	O
employees	O
,	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
off	O
duty	O
if	O
the	O
budget	O
is	O
not	O
passed	O
and	O
Kaine	B-PERSON
does	O
NOT	O
move	O
ahead	O
,	O
would	O
include	O
:	O


the	O
state	O
police	O


the	O
staff	O
and	O
faculty	O
of	O
state	O
universities	O
and	O
community	O
colleges	O


the	O
public	O
health	O
staff	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
and	O
localities	O
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
most	O
are	O
state	O
employees	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
working	O
in	O
your	O
local	O
county	O
-	O
ask	O
if	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
-RRB-	O


These	O
are	O
the	O
folks	O
that	O
inspect	O
your	O
restaurants	O
,	O
give	O
your	O
kids	O
their	O
back	O
to	O
school	O
shots	O
,	O
give	O
the	O
inspections	O
for	O
well	O
and	O
septic	O
installation	O
,	O
and	O
investigate	O
many	O
dog	O
bites	O
.	O


the	O
folks	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
state	I-ORG
department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
vital	I-ORG
statistics	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
birth	O
and	O
death	O
certificates	O
-RRB-	O


the	O
staff	O
and	O
guards	O
at	O
the	O
state	O
prisons	O


the	O
nurses	O
,	O
doctors	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
staff	O
at	O
the	O
state	O
teaching	O
hospitals	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
MCV	B-FAC
and	O
UVA	B-FAC


the	O
nurses	O
,	O
doctors	O
,	O
and	O
staff	O
at	O
the	O
state	O
mental	O
facilities	O


the	O
staff	O
at	O
our	O
state	O
parks	O


the	O
folks	O
who	O
distribute	O
unemployment	O
,	O
disability	O
,	O
and	O
state	O
retirement	O
checks	O


the	O
judges	O
and	O
employees	O
of	O
our	O
state	O
courts	O


the	O
folks	O
at	O
VDOT	B-ORG


all	O
the	O
folks	O
at	O
the	O
ABC	B-ORG
stores	O


all	O
the	O
folks	O
at	O
the	O
Virginia	B-GPE
lottery	O


the	O
state	O
and	O
regional	O
medical	O
examiners	O
and	O
the	O
state	O
forensic	O
lab	O
specialists	O


the	O
staff	O
at	O
the	O
state	O
museums	O


the	O
folks	O
at	O
the	O
DMV	B-ORG


And	O
if	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
pay	O
the	O
state	O
workers	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
have	O
contractors	O
working	O
either	O
,	O
because	O
that	O
is	O
incurring	O
debt	O
whether	O
you	O
pay	O
them	O
immediately	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


Go	O
look	O
at	O
DHRM	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
state	O
courts	O
system	O
-LRB-	O
separate	O
HR	O
dept	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
see	O
what	O
the	O
state	O
folks	O
do	O
,	O
and	O
who	O
all	O
you	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
furloughing	O
.	O


Then	O
try	O
to	O
tell	O
me	O
that	O
shutting	O
down	O
the	O
state	O
government	O
is	O
n't	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
noticed	O
by	O
the	O
average	O
citizen	O
.	O


They	O
'll	O
notice	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
ones	O
that	O
get	O
really	O
hurt	O
by	O
this	O
,	O
for	O
whatever	O
reason	O
-LRB-	O
see	O
above	O
-RRB-	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
pretty	O
ticked	O
off	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
will	O
it	O
tick	O
off	O
a	O
huge	O
number	O
of	O
state	O
employees	O
and	O
their	O
families	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
folks	O
on	O
state	O
retirement	O
-LRB-	O
which	O
I	O
believe	O
also	O
includes	O
many	O
folks	O
retired	O
from	O
localities	O
under	O
VRS	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
,	O
an	O
awful	O
lot	O
of	O
just	O
regular	O
citizens	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
awful	O
lot	O
of	O
businesses	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
n't	O
hyperbole	O
.	O


Look	O
at	O
what	O
the	O
state	O
government	O
actually	O
does	O
.	O


Shutting	O
the	O
state	O
government	O
down	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
idea	O
that	O
's	O
going	O
to	O
help	O
get	O
votes	O
in	O
November	B-DATE
.	O


Unless	O
you	O
mean	O
helping	O
get	O
votes	O
for	O
your	O
opponent	O
.	O


posted	O
by	O
<$BlogBacklinkAuthor$>	O
@	O
<$BlogBacklinkDateTime$>	O


A	O
Toll	O
Road	O
in	O
U.S.	B-FAC
460	I-FAC
's	I-FAC
Future	O


Private	O
industry	O
is	O
showing	O
interest	O
in	O
financing	O
and	O
building	O
a	O
new	O
U.S.	B-FAC
460	I-FAC
,	O
Peter	B-PERSON
Bacque	I-PERSON
with	O
the	B-ORG
Richmond	I-ORG
Times	I-ORG
-	I-ORG
Dispatch	I-ORG
is	O
reporting	O
.	O


Tidewater	B-ORG
Skanska	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Swedish	B-NORP
construction	O
giant	O
Skanska	B-ORG
AB	I-ORG
,	O
has	O
committed	O
to	O
making	O
a	O
proposal	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
55	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
highway	O
between	O
U.S.	B-FAC
58	I-FAC
in	O
Suffolk	B-GPE
and	O
Interstate	B-FAC
295	I-FAC
near	O
Petersburg	B-GPE
.	O


The	B-ORG
Virginia	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Transportation	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
orchestrating	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
is	O
hoping	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
two	B-CARDINAL
competing	O
proposals	O
.	O


With	O
no	O
public	O
money	O
available	O
,	O
improvements	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
financed	O
through	O
tolls	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
market	O
seems	O
unlikely	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
$	O
9.70	B-MONEY
per	O
vehicle	O
it	O
would	O
cost	O
to	O
travel	O
the	O
full	O
length	O
of	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


Needless	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
residents	O
of	O
hamlets	O
like	O
Zuni	B-GPE
and	O
Wakefield	B-GPE
who	O
use	O
460	B-FAC
as	O
a	O
local	O
thoroughfare	O
will	O
be	O
none	O
too	O
happy	O
with	O
paying	O
tolls	O
every	O
time	O
they	O
pull	O
onto	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


To	O
offset	O
sky	O
-	O
high	O
tolls	O
,	O
Bacque	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O
VDOT	B-ORG
is	O
encouraging	O
innovative	O
financing	O
schemes	O
such	O
as	O
supporting	O
``	O
economic	O
development	O
opportunities	O
.	O
''	O


Bacque	B-PERSON
did	O
not	O
enumerate	O
those	O
opportunities	O
in	O
his	O
article	O
,	O


but	O
they	O
could	O
well	O
be	O
tied	O
to	O
major	O
port	O
expansions	O
slated	O
for	O
Hampton	B-LOC
Roads	I-LOC
.	O


Moffat	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Nichol	I-ORG
,	O
an	O
engineering	O
consulting	O
firm	O
,	O
prepared	O
a	O
study	O
for	O
the	B-ORG
Virginia	I-ORG
Port	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
last	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
advocating	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
major	O
intermodal	O
park	O
off	O
U.S.	B-FAC
460	I-FAC
as	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
handle	O
an	O
anticipated	O
900,000	B-CARDINAL
additional	O
containers	O
annually	O
expected	O
to	O
move	O
through	O
the	O
ports	O
.	O


Those	O
containers	O
would	O
require	O
between	B-QUANTITY
20	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
and	I-QUANTITY
60	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
of	O
additional	O
distribution	O
space	O
,	O
employ	O
9,000	B-CARDINAL
people	O
directly	O
and	O
generate	O
$	B-MONEY
788	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
wages	O
from	O
direct	O
and	O
indirect	O
jobs	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
normally	O
a	O
big	O
fan	O
of	O
toll	O
-	O
driven	O
projects	O
on	O
the	O
principle	O
that	O
users	O
should	O
pay	O
for	O
transportation	O
improvements	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
'm	O
all	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
a	O
project	O
that	O
would	O
enable	O
the	O
expansion	O
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
's	O
ports	O
and	O
improve	O
employment	O
prospects	O
for	O
the	O
rural	O
Southside	B-LOC
counties	O
along	O
U.S.	B-FAC
460	I-FAC
.	O


But	O
I	O
'm	O
also	O
wary	O
of	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
an	O
upgraded	O
U.S.	B-FAC
460	I-FAC
to	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
wick	O
for	O
the	O
expansion	O
of	O
more	O
hop	O
-	O
scotch	O
,	O
disconnected	O
,	O
low	O
-	O
density	O
development	O
out	O
of	O
Hampton	B-LOC
Roads	I-LOC
--	O
a	O
pattern	O
of	O
development	O
that	O
would	O
negate	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
the	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O


If	O
the	O
Kaine	B-PERSON
administration	O
wants	O
to	O
align	O
transportation	O
and	O
land	O
use	O
planning	O
,	O
a	O
good	O
place	O
to	O
start	O
would	O
be	O
with	O
projects	O
,	O
like	O
this	O
one	O
,	O
that	O
emanate	O
from	O
the	O
administration	O
itself	O
.	O


Any	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
competing	O
proposals	O
needs	O
to	O
consider	O
the	O
impact	O
not	O
just	O
on	O
traffic	O
counts	O
and	O
toll	O
financing	O
but	O
local	O
human	O
settlement	O
patterns	O
.	O


The	O
``	O
good	O
''	O
part	O
about	O
private	O
investor	O
toll	O
roads	O
is	O
that	O
real	O
money	O
is	O
riding	O
on	O
the	O
``	O
demand	O
''	O
calculation	O
and	O
when	O
real	O
money	O
is	O
involved	O
,	O
less	O
likely	O
that	O
the	O
predicted	O
demand	O
data	O
will	O
be	O
``	O
cooked	O
''	O
to	O
justify	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


The	O
``	O
bad	O
''	O
part	O
is	O
that	O
VDOT	B-ORG
is	O
still	O
involved	O
and	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
will	O
find	O
new	O
ways	O
to	O
screw	O
things	O
up	O
.	O


The	O
``	O
ugly	O
''	O
needs	O
some	O
explanation	O


and	O
I	O
'll	O
use	O
the	B-ORG
History	I-ORG
Channel	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
show	O
on	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
national	O
railroad	O
.	O


Pointed	O
out	O
in	O
that	O
program	O
that	O
the	O
``	O
incentives	O
''	O
for	O
attracting	O
private	O
investment	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
rail	O
was	O
``	O
free	O
land	O
''	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
built	O
the	O
rail	O
.	O


So	O
take	O
a	O
private	O
investor	O
..	O
any	O
private	O
investor	O
who	O
``	O
proposes	O
''	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
major	O
road	O
-	O
like	O
460	B-FAC
-	O
and	O
folks	O
will	O
fall	O
all	O
over	O
themselves	O
about	O
their	O
good	O
fortune	O
...	O


but	O
consider	O
...	O
if	O
those	O
same	O
investors	O
-	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
they	O
were	O
building	O
the	O
road	O
-	O
were	O
also	O
buying	O
up	O
land	O
to	O
develop	O
-	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
more	O
easily	O
developable	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
road	O
?	O


Now	O
..	O
the	O
investors	O
..	O
I	O
'm	O
quite	O
sure	O
would	O
be	O
saying	O
the	O
same	O
words	O
that	O
we	O
hear	O
now	O
days	O
...	O


that	O
they	O
are	O
ONLY	O
responding	O
to	O
a	O
demand	O
..	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
create	O
it	O
.	O
:--RRB-	O


other	O
views	O
?	O


So	O
your	O
point	O
is	O
that	O
if	O
private	O
money	O
is	O
developing	O
the	O
roads	O
and	O
private	O
money	O
is	O
developing	O
the	O
land	O
then	O
government	O
loses	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
plan	O
.	O


Furthermore	O
the	O
infrastructure	O
is	O
privately	O
owned	O
so	O
they	O
can	O
gouge	O
all	O
they	O
want	O
.	O


Sounds	O
like	O
a	O
plan	O
.	O


All	O
we	O
need	O
is	O
enough	O
speculators	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
work	O
.	O


Ray	B-PERSON
,	O
your	O
explanation	O
sounds	O
good	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


Developing	O
US	B-FAC
460	I-FAC
and	O
linking	O
it	O
to	O
a	O
rail	O
and	O
road	O
crossing	O
from	O
the	B-FAC
Port	I-FAC
of	I-FAC
Norfolk	I-FAC
is	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
take	O
traffic	O
off	O
I	O
on	O
The	O
Peninsula	B-LOC
.	O


One	O
would	O
hope	O
that	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
safeguards	O
have	O
been	O
put	O
into	O
the	B-LAW
Va	I-LAW
Public	I-LAW
-	I-LAW
Private	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
to	O
deal	O
with	O
this	O
potential	O
.	O


Overall	O
,	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
supporter	O
of	O
private	O
investor	O
toll	O
roads	O
-	O
PROVIDED	O
they	O
utilize	O
ORT	O
-	O
open	O
road	O
-LRB-	O
electronic	O
-RRB-	O
tolling	O
so	O
that	O
only	O
those	O
who	O
refuse	O
to	O
obtain	O
transponders	O
have	O
to	O
stop	O
at	O
toll	O
plazas	O
.	O


The	O
comment	O
on	O
rail	O
is	O
interesting	O
because	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
opponents	O
of	O
expanding	O
I	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
see	O
parallel	O
rail	O
facilities	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
scope	O
and	O
scale	O
of	O
improving	O
of	O
I	O
might	O
be	O
more	O
modest	O
.	O


So	O
..	O
connecting	O
the	O
dots	O
..	O
Rail	O
on	O
I	O
that	O
connects	O
to	O
rail	O
on	O
I	O
...	O
:--RRB-	O


Here	O
's	O
some	O
further	O
thoughts	O
for	O
whatever	O
they	O
might	O
be	O
worth	O
..	O
or	O
not	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
start	O
with	O
the	O
premise	O
that	O
increased	O
population	O
and	O
new	O
jobs	O
means	O
more	O
people	O
who	O
need	O
a	O
place	O
to	O
live	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
further	O
specify	O
that	O
many	O
folks	O
who	O
accept	O
the	O
population	O
-	O
growth	O
realities	O
are	O
still	O
,	O
none	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
less	O
not	O
happy	O
with	O
the	O
settlement	O
patterns	O
that	O
result	O
from	O
free	O
-	O
market	O
responses	O
to	O
the	O
housing	O
demand	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
finally	O
specify	O
that	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
major	O
agnsts	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
folks	O
'	O
views	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
settlement	O
patterns	O
-	O
is	O
the	O
impacts	O
on	O
the	O
transportation	O
network	O
-	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
increased	O
traffic	O
and	O
congestion	O
on	O
roads	O
not	O
designed	O
to	O
handle	O
such	O
increased	O
volumes	O
AND	O
no	O
money	O
available	O
to	O
upgrade	O
them	O
anytime	O
soon	O
.	O


So	O
...	O
enter	O
a	O
private	O
investor	O
who	O
agrees	O
to	O
build	O
not	O
only	O
a	O
TOLL	O
road	O
,	O
but	O
develop	O
land	O
to	O
serve	O
the	O
housing	O
demand	O
-	O
AND	O
...	O
what	O
he	O
-LRB-	O
she	O
-RRB-	O
develops	O
IS	O
..	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
New	O
Urban	O
,	O
compact	O
developments	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
in	O
doing	O
so	O
-	O
the	O
developer	O
solves	O
three	B-CARDINAL
problems	O
:	O


1	B-CARDINAL
.	O
-	O
provides	O
needed	O
new	O
housing	O


2	B-CARDINAL
.	O
-	O
provides	O
efficient	O
compact	O
development	O
that	O
includes	O
bike	O
and	O
ped	O
and	O
mixed	O
-	O
use	O
format	O
.	O


3	B-CARDINAL
.	O
-	O
provides	O
the	O
road	O
capacity	O
to	O
serve	O
the	O
new	O
developments	O
-LRB-	O
via	O
a	O
new	O
toll	O
road	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


...	O
Why	O
would	O
such	O
a	O
thing	O
be	O
a	O
bad	O
thing	O
?	O


Larry	B-PERSON
Gross	I-PERSON
:	O
You	O
already	O
have	O
rail	O
-	O
coal	O
and	O
Amtrak	B-ORG
along	O
old	O
US	B-FAC
60	I-FAC
/	I-FAC
I	I-FAC
64	I-FAC
on	O
the	O
Peninsula	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
idea	O
is	O
rail	O
on	O
the	O
Southside	B-LOC
to	O
take	O
the	O
Port	B-FAC
of	I-FAC
Norfolk	I-FAC
containers	O
.	O


I	O
always	O
thought	O
high	O
speed	O
on	O
The	O
Peninsula	B-LOC
connecting	O
to	O
Richmond	B-GPE
and	O
DC	B-GPE
was	O
the	O
ticket	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
was	O
told	O
by	O
folks	O
who	O
know	O
better	O
than	O
me	O
that	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
upgrading	O
or	O
adding	O
to	O
the	O
existing	O
tracks	O
-LRB-	O
bringing	O
coal	O
to	O
the	O
NN	O
port	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
running	O
pokey	O
old	O
Amtrak	B-ORG
would	O
take	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
lot	O
of	O
lot	O
money	O
.	O


There	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
the	O
case	O
for	O
companies	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O


hmm	O
...	O


but	O
WHERE	O
are	O
those	O
Port	B-FAC
of	I-FAC
Norflolk	I-FAC
containers	O
headed	O
to	O
?	O


re	O
:	O
new	O
rail	O
/	O
private	O
investors	O


I	O
've	O
always	O
wondered	O
WHY	O
private	O
rail	O
can	O
not	O
compete	O
with	O
public	O
roads	O
for	O
the	O
transportation	O
of	O
goods	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
heard	O
LOTs	O
of	O
explanations	O
..	O
but	O
du	O
n	O
no	O
that	O
I	O
've	O
ever	O
seen	O
a	O
clear	O
analysis	O
.	O


For	O
that	O
matter	O
..	O
I	O
've	O
never	O
seen	O
a	O
comparison	O
betwen	O
what	O
the	O
costs	O
are	O
for	O
one	B-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
of	O
rail	O
right	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
way	O
vs	O
one	B-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
of	O
18	B-CARDINAL
-	O
wheeler	O
-	O
capable	O
highway	O
right	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
way	O
..	O
much	O
less	O
the	O
comparative	O
operating	O
costs	O
between	O
a	O
load	O
of	O
goods	O
transported	O
by	O
rail	O
vs	O
road	O
.	O


But	O
my	O
point	O
is	O
...	O
rails	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
used	O
instead	O
of	O
roads	O
unless	O
/	O
until	O
they	O
are	O
superior	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
cost	O
and	O
effectiveness	O
-LRB-	O
movement	O
of	O
goods	O
from	O
point	O
a	O
to	O
point	O
b	O
-RRB-	O


I	O
can	O
see	O
where	O
..	O
at	O
some	O
point	O
goods	O
MUST	O
travel	O
by	O
truck	O
because	O
rail	O
simply	O
can	O
not	O
go	O
everywhere	O
that	O
our	O
road	O
network	O
does	O


but	O
when	O
we	O
still	O
transfer	O
goods	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
-	O
by	O
truck	O
..	O
verses	O
rail	O
..	O
the	O
obvious	O
question	O
is	O
why	O
?	O


And	O
my	O
ignorance	O
...	O
leaves	O
me	O
with	O
``	O
well	O
,	O
presumedly	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
that	O
needed	O
the	O
goods	O
shipped	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
chosen	O
the	O
more	O
expensive	O
method	O
''	O
.	O


...	O
and	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
cheaper	O
to	O
move	O
goods	O
across	O
the	O
company	O
by	O
truck	O
..	O
then	O
why	O
would	O
we	O
expect	O
moving	O
goods	O
across	O
Virginia	B-GPE
to	O
be	O
any	O
cheaper	O
?	O


....	O
all	O
things	O
being	O
equal	O
...	O
which	O
I	O
doubt	O
seriously	O
is	O
the	O
case	O
.	O


Lost	O
in	O
the	O
hyperbole	O
coming	O
from	O
Hampton	B-LOC
Roads	I-LOC
about	O
``	O
tolls	O
''	O
being	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
save	O
our	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
``	O
transportation	O
crisis	O
''	O
is	O
any	O
factual	O
information	O
about	O
``	O
tolls	O
''	O
.	O


Toll	O
roads	O
are	O
4	B-CARDINAL
times	O
more	O
costly	O
to	O
run	O
,	O
than	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
gas	O
tax	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
fact	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
it	O
will	O
cost	O
even	O
more	O
as	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
big	O
bureaucracy	O
in	O
place	O
to	O
administer	O
it	O
.	O


Got	O
to	O
staff	O
all	O
those	O
toll	O
booths	O
.	O


Health	O
insurance	O
,	O
retirement	O
funds	O
,	O
sick	O
leave	O
,	O
uniforms	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
huge	O
HR	O
department	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
all	O
those	O
federal	O
regulations	O
are	O
followed	O
it	O
but	O
the	O
opening	O
salvo	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
not	O
forget	O
the	O
``	O
maintenance	O
''	O
costs	O
.	O


Toll	O
booths	O
,	O
collection	O
machines	O
-LRB-	O
electronic	O
devices	O
for	O
you	O
``	O
EZ	B-PRODUCT
Pass	I-PRODUCT
''	O
sheep	O
are	O
10	B-CARDINAL
times	O
more	O
costly	O
to	O
maintain	O
-RRB-	O


And	O
then	O
there	O
is	O
the	O
risk	O
.	O


The	O
risk	O
being	O
experienced	O
by	O
the	O
Dulles	B-FAC
Toll	I-FAC
Road	I-FAC
folks	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
losing	O
more	O
money	O
than	O
they	O
knew	O
they	O
could	O
lose	O
.	O


People	O
will	O
avoid	O
your	O
road	O
if	O
it	O
's	O
toll	O
!	O


The	O
people	O
who	O
keep	O
harping	O
about	O
``	O
tolls	O
''	O
typically	O
have	O
no	O
knowlege	O
of	O
how	O
expensive	O
it	O
is	O
to	O
both	O
run	O
it	O
and	O
maintain	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
sensible	O
,	O
logical	O
way	O
to	O
fund	O
roads	O
is	O
with	O
a	O
bureaucracy	O
that	O
is	O
already	O
established	O
.	O


Gas	O
Tax	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
this	O
all	O
ignores	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
complete	O
housecleaning	O
at	O
VDOT	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
root	O
cause	O
of	O
why	O
people	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
give	O
more	O
money	O
to	O
the	O
state	O
for	O
roads	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
glaring	O
example	O
.	O


The	O
bogus	O
,	O
made	O
up	O
``	O
On	O
time	O
-	O
On	O
budget	O
''	O
figures	O
that	O
VDOT	B-ORG
has	O
been	O
parading	O
about	O
.	O


Were	O
you	O
aware	O
that	O
VDOT	B-ORG
does	O
not	O
include	O
projects	O
that	O
are	O
n't	O
``	O
on	O
time	O
''	O
or	O
``	O
over	O
budget	O
''	O
in	O
that	O
figure	O
?	O


The	O
i	O
/	O
Mercury	B-FAC
Blvd	I-FAC
project	O
that	O
is	O
77	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
over	O
budget	O
and	O
almost	O
3	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
years	I-CARDINAL
behind	O
schedule	O
-LRB-	O
by	O
VDOT	B-ORG
's	O
own	O
account	O
-RRB-	O
IS	O
NOT	O
INCLUDED	O
IN	O
THE	O
``	O
On	O
time	O
-	O
On	O
budget	O
''	O
figure	O
.	O


Fix	O
VDOT	B-ORG
first	B-ORDINAL
,	O
then	O
come	O
back	O
and	O
talk	O
about	O
how	O
you	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
fund	O
our	O
so	O
called	O
``	O
transportation	O
crisis	O
''	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
crisis	O
in	O
transportation	O
we	O
have	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
loss	O
of	O
trust	O
and	O
confidence	O
in	O
both	O
VDOT	B-ORG
and	O
the	O
Legislature	B-ORG
.	O


I	O
'm	O
with	O
Pat	B-PERSON
.	O


Tolls	O
are	O
a	O
lousy	O
idea	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
a	O
cheap	O
shot	O
way	O
for	O
the	O
legislators	O
to	O
push	O
their	O
fialurs	O
off	O
on	O
the	O
faceless	O
foreign	O
businesses	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
supported	O
by	O
people	O
who	O
think	O
the	O
tolls	O
wo	O
n't	O
affect	O
them	O
.	O


If	O
this	O
catches	O
on	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
live	O
to	O
regret	O
the	O
day	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
tried	O
private	O
tolls	O
before	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
work	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
trains	O
,	O
forget	O
it	O
unless	O
your	O
goods	O
are	O
travelling	O
600	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
or	O
so	O
,	O
and	O
happen	O
to	O
be	O
gong	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
direction	O
as	O
the	O
tracks	O
.	O


The	O
reasosn	O
has	O
less	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
subsidies	O
enjoyed	O
by	O
highways	O
and	O
truckers	O
than	O
it	O
has	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
speed	O
,	O
reliability	O
,	O
and	O
convenience	O
.	O


posted	O
by	O
<$BlogBacklinkAuthor$>	O
@	O
<$BlogBacklinkDateTime$>	O


If	O
you	O
're	O
Arlington	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
,	O
you	O
create	O
a	O
new	O
vision	O
for	O
the	O
boxy	O
buildings	O
and	O
subterranean	O
passageways	O
in	O
Crystal	B-LOC
City	I-LOC
that	O
will	O
be	O
emptied	O
by	O
the	O
federal	O
Base	B-ORG
Realignment	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Closure	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
place	O
of	O
the	O
sterile	O
monoculture	O
that	O
now	O
characterizes	O
the	O
office	O
complex	O
near	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
,	O
members	O
of	O
an	O
advisory	O
task	O
force	O
see	O
a	O
more	O
lively	O
street	O
-	O
level	O
scene	O
with	O
a	O
greater	O
mix	O
of	O
shops	O
,	O
restaurants	O
and	O
offices	O
.	O


Writes	O
WaPo	B-ORG
reporter	O
Annie	B-PERSON
Gowen	I-PERSON
:	O


-LSB-	O
Board	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Supervisors	I-ORG
Chairman	O
Chris	B-PERSON
-RSB-	I-PERSON
Zimmerman	I-PERSON
and	O
others	O
speaking	O
yesterday	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
vounty	O
sees	O
the	O
empty	O
space	O
as	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
``	O
reimagine	O
''	O
and	O
``	O
brand	O
''	O
Crystal	B-LOC
City	I-LOC
as	O
an	O
attractive	O
destination	O
.	O


Though	O
close	O
to	O
Reagan	B-FAC
National	I-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
and	O
dense	O
with	O
hotels	O
,	O
the	O
area	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
gloomy	O
1960s	B-DATE
era	O
enclave	O
of	O
offices	O
connected	O
by	O
underground	O
passages	O
.	O


But	O
parts	O
of	O
Crystal	B-LOC
City	I-LOC
have	O
lately	O
seen	O
a	O
rebirth	O
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
an	O
influx	O
of	O
trendy	O
cafes	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
streetscape	O
....	O


Charles	B-ORG
E.	I-ORG
Smith	I-ORG
Commercial	I-ORG
Realty	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
owns	O
7.4	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
of	O
the	B-QUANTITY
11	I-QUANTITY
million	I-QUANTITY
square	I-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
of	O
office	O
space	O
in	O
the	O
neighborhood	O
,	O
has	O
spent	O
$	B-MONEY
40	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
on	O
improvements	O
to	O
enliven	O
the	O
streets	O
and	O
attract	O
new	O
businesses	O
.	O


It	O
turned	O
Crystal	B-FAC
Drive	I-FAC
into	O
a	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
way	O
main	O
street	O
and	O
has	O
recruited	O
new	O
shops	O
and	O
chic	O
restaurants	O
such	O
as	O
Jaleo	B-ORG
and	O
McCormick	B-ORG
&	I-ORG
Schmick	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
.	O


Reading	O
between	O
the	O
lines	O
of	O
Gowen	B-PERSON
's	O
story	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
there	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
one	B-CARDINAL
big	O
missing	O
piece	O
:	O


Housing	O
.	O


Creating	O
a	O
livelier	O
commercial	O
district	O
is	O
a	O
worthy	O
goal	O
.	O


But	O
creating	O
a	O
balanced	O
community	O
with	O
a	O
mix	O
of	O
housing	O
,	O
offices	O
,	O
shopping	O
and	O
other	O
amenities	O
--	O
allowing	O
people	O
to	O
live	O
close	O
to	O
where	O
they	O
work	O
and	O
play	O
--	O
is	O
an	O
even	O
more	O
worthy	O
goal	O
.	O


As	O
Ed	B-PERSON
Risse	I-PERSON
has	O
pointed	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
relocation	O
of	O
17,000	B-CARDINAL
jobs	O
creates	O
a	O
rare	O
opportunity	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
genuine	O
balanced	O
communities	O
in	O
Northern	B-LOC
Virginia	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
problem	O
,	O
I	O
surmise	O
--	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
discussed	O
in	O
the	O
story	O
--	O
is	O
that	O
Arlington	B-GPE
is	O
concerned	O
about	O
protecting	O
its	O
tax	O
base	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
replacing	O
the	O
vacated	O
offices	O
with	O
new	O
offices	O
,	O
not	O
housing	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
hard	O
to	O
fault	O
Arlington	B-GPE
for	O
pursuing	O
its	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
self	O
interest	O
.	O


But	O
everyone	O
needs	O
to	O
recognize	O
that	O
Arlington	B-GPE
's	O
decision	O
not	O
to	O
pursue	O
a	O
balanced	O
community	O
means	O
that	O
housing	O
will	O
end	O
up	O
somewhere	O
else	O
,	O
presumably	O
in	O
outlying	O
counties	O
.	O


And	O
employees	O
working	O
in	O
the	O
buffed	O
up	O
Crystal	B-LOC
City	I-LOC
will	O
wind	O
up	O
commuting	O
long	O
distances	O
and	O
clogging	O
Northern	B-LOC
Virginia	I-LOC
thoroughfares	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
cry	O
for	O
new	O
transportation	O
revenues	O
will	O
grow	O
ever	O
more	O
deafening	O
.	O


Right	O
on	O
.	O


Did	O
n't	O
I	O
read	O
somewhere	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
those	O
office	O
buildings	O
were	O
considered	O
worn	O
out	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
be	O
demolished	O
and	O
replaced	O
rather	O
than	O
refurbished	O
?	O


Would	O
that	O
be	O
an	O
opportunity	O
for	O
more	O
mixed	O
use	O
?	O


Is	O
it	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
``	O
existing	O
infrastructure	O
''	O
that	O
is	O
worn	O
out	O
and	O
outlived	O
its	O
usefuleness	O
?	O


This	O
post	O
has	O
been	O
removed	O
by	O
the	O
author	O
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
,	O
minor	O
point	O
-	O


unlike	O
most	O
other	O
Virginia	B-GPE
counties	O
,	O
Arlington	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	B-ORG
Board	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Supervisors	I-ORG
.	O


It	O
does	O
have	O
a	B-ORG
County	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
.	O


Members	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Arlington	I-ORG
County	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
are	O
addressed	O
not	O
as	O
supervisors	O
,	O
but	O
as	O
Board	O
Members	O
.	O


If	O
Arlington	B-GPE
has	O
sufficient	O
public	O
infrastructure	O
to	O
support	O
housing	O
at	O
Crystal	B-LOC
City	I-LOC
,	O
adding	O
housing	O
to	O
that	O
area	O
would	O
be	O
an	O
excellent	O
idea	O
.	O


The	O
question	O
that	O
the	O
Arlington	B-GPE
community	O
needs	O
to	O
answer	O
is	O
:	O
Whether	O
the	O
supporting	O
infrastructure	O
is	O
sufficient	O
?	O


If	O
not	O
,	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
incentive	O
for	O
Arlingtonians	B-NORP
to	O
dig	O
deeper	O
in	O
their	O
pockets	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
public	O
infrastructure	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
housing	O
does	O
not	O
get	O
constructed	O
in	O
outlying	O
counties	O
?	O


The	O
funds	O
run	O
one	B-CARDINAL
way	O
from	O
Arlington	B-GPE
,	O
just	O
as	O
they	O
do	O
from	O
Fairfax	B-GPE
--	O
down	O
to	O
Richmond	B-GPE
and	O
then	O
around	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
while	O
I	O
'm	O
sure	O
that	O
many	O
people	O
would	O
enjoy	O
the	O
urban	O
life	O
of	O
a	O
newly	O
revitalized	O
Crystal	B-LOC
City	I-LOC
,	O
many	O
others	O
would	O
not	O
.	O


Many	O
people	O
simply	O
want	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
single	O
family	O
,	O
detached	O
homes	O
that	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
available	O
in	O
Crystal	B-LOC
City	I-LOC
.	O


Further	O
,	O
any	O
housing	O
built	O
in	O
that	O
area	O
will	O
likey	O
be	O
quite	O
costly	O
given	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
land	O
and	O
the	O
costs	O
to	O
construct	O
high	O
-	O
rise	O
buildings	O
.	O


Ray	B-PERSON
Hyde	I-PERSON
has	O
persuaded	O
me	O
that	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
provide	O
incentives	O
for	O
good	O
quality	O
,	O
higher	O
paying	O
jobs	O
to	O
locate	O
in	O
outlying	O
areas	O
.	O


There	O
probably	O
are	O
n't	O
enough	O
tax	O
dollars	O
--	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
mind	O
of	O
John	B-PERSON
Chichester	I-PERSON
--	O
to	O
fix	O
NoVA	B-LOC
's	O
transportation	O
and	O
other	O
infrastructure	O
problems	O
that	O
are	O
,	O
in	O
large	O
part	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
high	O
concentration	O
of	O
good	O
-	O
paying	O
jobs	O
here	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
both	O
affordable	O
housing	O
.	O


Unless	O
builders	O
are	O
going	O
to	O
supply	O
affordable	O
housing	O
at	O
a	O
loss	O
--	O
which	O
,	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
seems	O
absurd	O
,	O
there	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
affordable	O
housing	O
here	O
without	O
even	O
more	O
tax	O
subsidies	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Of	O
course	O
,	O
every	O
tax	O
dollar	O
spent	O
on	O
subsidizing	O
housing	O
is	O
n't	O
available	O
for	O
other	O
purposes	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


That	O
suggests	O
sprawl	O
will	O
continue	O
,	O
as	O
will	O
the	O
demand	O
for	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
roads	O
and	O
other	O
infrastructure	O
.	O


Virginia	B-GPE
needs	O
balanced	O
job	O
growth	O
.	O


In	O
theory	O
,	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
these	O
jobs	O
presents	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
do	O
something	O
different	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
settlement	O
patterns	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
to	O
replace	O
commercial	O
businesses	O
with	O
housing	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
more	O
balanced	O
mixed	O
-	O
use	O
.	O


Lots	O
of	O
questions	O
here	O
but	O
I	O
do	O
agree	O
..	O
just	O
the	O
potential	O
concept	O
is	O
provocative	O
...	O


But	O
,	O
what	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
benefit	O
to	O
Arlington	B-GPE
to	O
do	O
this	O
?	O


More	O
specifically	O
-	O
what	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
benefit	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
already	O
live	O
and	O
pay	O
taxes	O
in	O
Arlington	B-GPE
?	O


What	O
would	O
Arlington	B-GPE
have	O
to	O
provide	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
additional	O
infrastructure	O
?	O


-LRB-	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
that	O
I	O
would	O
agree	O
that	O
more	O
infrastructure	O
would	O
be	O
needed	O
for	O
residential	O
vs	O
commercial	O
but	O
let	O
's	O
explore	O
it	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
that	O
if	O
you	O
took	O
an	O
office	O
building	O
in	O
Crystal	B-LOC
and	O
converted	O
it	O
to	O
apartments	O
..	O
you	O
'd	O
not	O
have	O
any	O
more	O
people	O
-LRB-	O
perhaps	O
less	O
-RRB-	O
so	O
you	O
would	O
n't	O
need	O
any	O
more	O
water	O
/	O
sewer	O
capacity	O
...	O
and	O
ditto	O
for	O
parking	O
places	O
...	O
at	O
least	O
it	O
would	O
seem	O
so	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Ditto	O
with	O
commuting	O
...	O


instead	O
of	O
a	O
hoard	O
of	O
folks	O
``	O
in	O
commuting	O
''	O
from	O
outer	O
jurisdictions	O
to	O
Arlington	B-GPE
every	O
morning	O
,	O
would	O
n't	O
you	O
have	O
instead	O
-	O
more	O
``	O
out	O
''	O
commuting	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
the	O
folks	O
who	O
actually	O
own	O
the	O
land	O
-	O
would	O
they	O
agree	O
to	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
zoning	O
from	O
Office	O
Commercial	O
to	O
Apartment	O
Residential	O
?	O


What	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
economics	O
of	O
this	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
hold	O
those	O
properties	O
as	O
investments	O
?	O


It	O
would	O
seem	O
-	O
that	O
Arlington	B-GPE
and	O
the	O
other	O
area	O
jurisdictions	O
have	O
already	O
had	O
such	O
a	O
choice	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
-	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
chose	O
commercial	O
development	O
over	O
residential	O
-	O
in	O
effect	O
-	O
letting	O
more	O
remote	O
jurisdictions	O
figure	O
out	O
how	O
to	O
provide	O
residential	O
for	O
folks	O
who	O
wanted	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
NoVa	B-LOC
and	O
commute	O
to	O
the	O
outer	O
suburbs	O
to	O
live	O
.	O


To	O
a	O
certain	O
extent	O
-	O
one	O
could	O
say	O
that	O
No	B-LOC
Va	I-LOC
jurisdictions	O
have	O
a	O
responsibility	O
to	O
provide	O
housing	O
for	O
those	O
that	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
area	O
and	O
NOT	O
force	O
workers	O
to	O
commute	O
to	O
outer	O
jursidictions	O
for	O
housing	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
place	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
end	O
-	O
every	O
worker	O
who	O
,	O
for	O
whatever	O
reason	O
,	O
ends	O
up	O
commuting	O
...	O
that	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
more	O
person	O
using	O
the	O
transportation	O
network	O
more	O
intensively	O
than	O
those	O
that	O
live	O
locally	O
with	O
shorter	O
commutes	O
.	O


So	O
..	O
here	O
's	O
a	O
concluding	O
thought	O
.	O


What	O
kind	O
of	O
an	O
exercise	O
would	O
it	O
be	O
for	O
each	O
NoVa	B-LOC
jurisdiction	O
to	O
total	O
up	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
jobs	O
in	O
its	O
boundaries	O
verses	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
housing	O
within	O
its	O
boundaries	O
.	O


Would	O
we	O
see	O
a	O
big	O
disparity	O
?	O


I	O
know	O
where	O
I	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
outer	O
suburbs	O
that	O
there	O
IS	O
a	O
big	O
disparity	O
in	O
the	O
opposite	O
sense	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
far	O
,	O
far	O
more	O
people	O
in	O
homes	O
than	O
we	O
have	O
jobs	O
for	O
them	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
a	O
huge	O
percent	O
of	O
our	O
population	O
are	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
NoVa	B-LOC
commuters	O
.	O


With	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
jobs	O
/	O
housing	O
question	O
-	O
I	O
wonder	O
what	O
the	O
totals	O
would	O
be	O
for	O
the	O
entire	O
NoVa	B-LOC
area	O
-	O
all	O
jursidictions	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
jobs	O
verses	O
housing	O
.	O


From	O
an	O
equity	O
perspective	O
-	O
should	O
jurisdictions	O
provide	O
as	O
much	O
housing	O
as	O
they	O
have	O
jobs	O
?	O


The	O
mechanism	O
for	O
doing	O
this	O
would	O
be	O
zoning	O
-	O


a	O
certain	O
percentage	O
of	O
areas	O
would	O
be	O
reserved	O
ONLY	O
for	O
residential	O
development	O
or	O
areas	O
designated	O
for	O
mixed	O
use	O
development	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
hard	O
percentage	O
cap	O
on	O
how	O
much	O
residential	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
mixed	O
-	O
used	O
proposal	O
.	O


Or	O
to	O
turn	O
this	O
completely	O
around	O
-	O
would	O
folks	O
support	O
the	O
right	O
of	O
any	O
jurisdiction	O
to	O
zone	O
entirely	O
that	O
jurisdiction	O
for	O
commercial	O
/	O
industrial	O
ONLY	O
and	O
let	O
outlying	O
jurisdictions	O
provide	O
residential	O
?	O


In	O
some	O
respects	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
that	O
essentially	O
what	O
No	B-LOC
Va	I-LOC
jursidictions	O
are	O
doing	O
-	O
favoring	O
non-residential	O
development	O
and	O
letting	O
other	O
jursidictions	O
handle	O
the	O
residential	O
?	O


Turning	O
this	O
on	O
its	O
head	O
-	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
incentive	O
for	O
a	O
worker	O
in	O
Crystal	B-LOC
City	I-LOC
to	O
buy	O
there	O
?	O


Most	O
jobs	O
now	O
do	O
n't	O
last	O
for	O
decades	B-DATE
-	O
no	O
one	O
expects	O
a	O
career	O
at	O
a	O
company	O
any	O
more	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
n't	O
buy	O
a	O
house	O
for	O
one	B-DATE
specific	O
job	O
-	O


but	O
if	O
I	O
bought	O
at	O
Crystal	B-LOC
City	I-LOC
,	O
I	O
'd	O
be	O
locked	O
in	O
to	O
that	O
area	O
.	O


What	O
happens	O
if	O
my	O
next	O
job	O
is	O
in	O
Silver	B-GPE
Spring	I-GPE
,	O
or	O
Leesburg	B-GPE
,	O
or	O
Quantico	B-GPE
?	O


Am	O
I	O
supposed	O
to	O
buy	O
and	O
sell	O
my	O
house	O
each	O
time	O
I	O
change	O
jobs	O
?	O


I	O
've	O
been	O
through	O
six	B-CARDINAL
-LRB-	O
high	O
tech	O
-RRB-	O
jobs	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
14	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
-	O
all	O
while	O
living	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
house	O
,	O
all	O
good	O
jobs	O
and	O
good	O
career	O
moves	O
.	O


If	O
I	O
changed	O
houses	O
like	O
the	O
tech	O
field	O
requires	O
you	O
to	O
change	O
jobs	O
,	O
I	O
'd	O
spend	O
my	O
entire	O
life	O
packing	O
and	O
unpacking	O
.	O


Living	O
where	O
you	O
work	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
``	O
nice	O
idea	O
,	O
not	O
real	O
practical	O
''	O
kind	O
of	O
things	O
.	O


Anonymous	O
,	O
you	O
raise	O
a	O
legitimate	O
point	O
.	O
People	O
change	O
jobs	O
a	O
lot	O
,	O


and	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
afford	O
to	O
move	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
house	O
every	O
time	O
they	O
get	O
a	O
new	O
job	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
why	O
people	O
pay	O
a	O
premium	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
a	O
central	O
location	O
--	O


it	O
gives	O
them	O
proximity	O
to	O
a	O
wider	O
range	O
of	O
employment	O
locations	O
.	O


Larry	B-PERSON
,	O
This	O
is	O
my	O
personal	O
conviction	O
:	O


If	O
local	O
governments	O
were	O
not	O
given	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
restrict	O
housing	O
development	O
through	O
zoning	O
,	O
a	O
free	O
market	O
would	O
provide	O
a	O
much	O
better	O
balance	O
of	O
housing	O
/	O
jobs	O
/	O
retail	O
/	O
amenities	O
than	O
what	O
we	O
have	O
now	O
.	O


The	O
answer	O
is	O
less	O
regulation	O
,	O
not	O
more	O
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
:	O
I	O
believe	O
in	O
free	O
markets	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
also	O
hold	O
that	O
free	O
markets	O
are	O
equally	O
as	O
free	O
of	O
economic	O
subsidies	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
over	O
-	O
burdensome	O
regulation	O
.	O


What	O
is	O
the	O
argument	O
that	O
letting	O
people	O
develop	O
their	O
property	O
as	O
desired	O
without	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
impact	O
on	O
existing	O
residents	O
and	O
businesses	O
is	O
a	O
free	O
market	O
?	O


None	O
of	O
us	O
would	O
likely	O
support	O
the	O
abolishment	O
of	O
all	O
zoning	O
as	O
is	O
basically	O
the	O
case	O
in	O
Houston	B-GPE
.	O


Would	O
we	O
find	O
it	O
acceptable	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
a	O
foundary	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
a	O
residential	O
neighborhood	O
?	O


What	O
about	O
building	O
a	O
30	B-CARDINAL
-	O
story	O
building	O
in	O
the	O
flight	O
path	O
of	O
Dulles	B-FAC
Airport	I-FAC
?	O


Few	O
of	O
us	O
would	O
likely	O
support	O
that	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
a	O
serious	O
problem	O
with	O
public	O
infrastructure	O
in	O
areas	O
of	O
Virginia	B-GPE
.	O


Few	O
dispute	O
that	O
.	O


What	O
we	O
argue	O
over	O
is	O
who	O
is	O
responsible	O
to	O
fund	O
the	O
necessary	O
infrastructure	O
;	O
to	O
what	O
amount	O
;	O
and	O
should	O
people	O
be	O
permitted	O
to	O
build	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
adequate	O
public	O
facilities	O
.	O


Reasonable	O
people	O
can	O
answer	O
these	O
questions	O
differently	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
at	O
some	O
point	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
question	O
of	O
basic	O
equity	O
that	O
must	O
be	O
answered	O
:	O


How	O
much	O
``	O
cost	O
''	O
should	O
society	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
impose	O
on	O
an	O
existing	O
resident	O
/	O
business	O
so	O
that	O
someone	O
else	O
can	O
use	O
his	O
or	O
her	O
property	O
as	O
they	O
desire	O
?	O


Since	O
we	O
would	O
n't	O
permit	O
the	O
foundary	O
to	O
built	O
in	O
the	O
residential	O
neighborhood	O
,	O
we	O
all	O
effectively	O
agree	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
limits	O
to	O
how	O
much	O
cost	O
we	O
are	O
willing	O
to	O
impose	O
on	O
existing	O
residents	O
.	O


Stated	O
alternatively	O
,	O
one	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
an	O
absolute	O
right	O
to	O
use	O
his	O
/	O
her	O
property	O
as	O
desired	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
question	O
we	O
might	O
ask	O
is	O
:	O
Who	O
is	O
the	O
cost	O
-	O
causer	O
?	O


The	O
answer	O
is	O
always	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
``	O
the	O
newcomer	O
.	O
''	O


One	O
might	O
also	O
ask	O
:	O
At	O
what	O
point	O
does	O
it	O
become	O
unfair	O
to	O
load	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
costs	O
on	O
the	O
newcomer	O
?	O


Few	O
would	O
likely	O
argue	O
that	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
forward	O
-	O
looking	O
costs	O
for	O
constructing	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
not	O
permit	O
any	O
building	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
without	O
the	O
upfront	O
payment	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
costs	O
for	O
constructing	O
infrastructure	O
.	O


That	O
would	O
be	O
unfair	O
.	O


But	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
very	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
is	O
n't	O
equally	O
unfair	O
to	O
load	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
infrastructure	O
costs	O
on	O
taxpayers	O
--	O
especially	O
given	O
Virginia	B-GPE
's	O
tax	O
structure	O
that	O
takes	O
much	O
from	O
NoVA	B-LOC
and	O
gives	O
little	O
back	O
?	O


One	O
might	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
good	O
argument	O
that	O
we	O
could	O
save	O
transportation	O
costs	O
by	O
building	O
densely	O
in	O
NoVA	B-LOC
.	O


But	O
what	O
about	O
the	O
other	O
infrastructure	O
costs	O
that	O
are	O
then	O
imposed	O
on	O
residents	O
of	O
NoVA	B-LOC
?	O


What	O
's	O
in	O
it	O
for	O
us	O
?	O


Re	O
Dense	O
Residential	O
-	O
See	O
the	O
article	O
in	O
today	O
's	O
-LRB-	O
6	B-DATE
/	I-DATE
18	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
WaPo	B-ORG
.	O


It	O
offers	O
some	O
interesting	O
insights	O
and	O
observations	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
``	O
Gerald	B-PERSON
L.	I-PERSON
Gordon	I-PERSON
,	O
president	O
of	O
Fairfax	B-GPE
's	O
Economic	B-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
,	O
said	O
jobs	O
will	O
keep	O
moving	O
toward	O
the	O
fringes	O
,	O


because	O
employers	O
'	O
first	B-ORDINAL
priority	O
is	O
being	O
near	O
a	O
qualified	O
workforce	O
,	O
and	O
residents	O
continue	O
to	O
seek	O
affordable	O
,	O
spacious	O
homes	O
and	O
good	O
schools	O
in	O
more	O
distant	O
communities	O
.	O
''	O


More	O
evidence	O
that	O
Ray	B-PERSON
Hyde	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
``	O
we	O
need	O
more	O
places	O
''	O
theory	O
has	O
legs	O
.	O


People	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
City	I-GPE
tend	O
to	O
move	O
there	O
.	O


Why	O
are	O
we	O
talking	O
about	O
spending	O
billions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
scarce	O
tax	O
dollars	O
extending	O
Metrorail	B-FAC
when	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
going	O
to	O
fix	O
the	O
transportation	O
problems	O
?	O


BTW	O
,	O
check	O
out	O
the	O
other	O
story	O
in	O
the	O
Post	B-ORG
today	O
about	O
Fairfax	B-GPE
County	O
Supervisor	O
Gerald	B-PERSON
Hyland	I-PERSON
's	O
involvement	O
with	O
a	O
developer	O
's	O
attempt	O
to	O
obtain	O
huge	O
conservation	O
tax	O
credits	O
.	O


What	O
else	O
goes	O
on	O
between	O
segments	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
community	O
and	O
the	O
supervisors	O
?	O


re	O
:	O
WaPo	B-ORG
article	O
.	O


yes	O
,	O
agree	O
it	O
was	O
excellent	O
in	O
describing	O
the	O
issues	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
'm	O
perplexed	O
...	O
as	O
usual	O
...	O


``	O
because	O
employers	O
'	O
first	B-ORDINAL
priority	O
is	O
being	O
near	O
a	O
qualified	O
workforce	O
,	O
and	O
residents	O
continue	O
to	O
seek	O
affordable	O
,	O
spacious	O
homes	O
and	O
good	O
schools	O
in	O
more	O
distant	O
communities	O
.	O
''	O


I	O
found	O
this	O
rather	O
odd	O
in	O
that	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
``	O
near	O
''	O
is	O
apparently	O
perceived	O
differently	O
depending	O
on	O
whether	O
you	O
were	O
an	O
employer	O
or	O
an	O
employee	O
.	O


employers	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
``	O
near	O
''	O
a	O
qualified	O
workforce	O
but	O
employees	O
-LRB-	O
note	O
they	O
use	O
the	O
word	O
residents	O
-RRB-	O
continue	O
to	O
seek	O
...	O
homes	O
in	O
more	O
distant	O
communities	O
.	O


Unless	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
reading	O
it	O
properly	O
...	O
it	O
sounds	O
like	O
the	O
employers	O
'	O
concept	O
of	O
``	O
near	O
''	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
different	O
concept	O
than	O
the	O
employee	O
's	O
concept	O
of	O
a	O
``	O
near	O
''	O
place	O
to	O
live	O
.	O


Would	O
n't	O
one	O
presume	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
concepts	O
be	O
the	O
same	O
...	O
that	O
the	O
employee	O
would	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
near	O
where	O
a	O
qualified	O
workforce	O
lives	O
...	O
AND	O
vice	O
versa	O
?	O


Also	O
...	O
discussed	O
in	O
BLOG	O
was	O
the	O
idea	O
that	O
folks	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
move	O
everytime	O
they	O
change	O
jobs	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
excellent	O
point	O
but	O
how	O
does	O
that	O
explain	O
folks	O
who	O
move	O
to	O
the	O
outer	O
burbs	O
...	O
and	O
then	O
change	O
jobs	O
that	O
requires	O
even	O
a	O
longer	O
commute	O
?	O


Are	O
n't	O
people	O
who	O
move	O
to	O
the	O
outer	O
burbs	O
...	O
for	O
housing	O
..	O
locking	O
themselves	O
in	O
to	O
a	O
less	O
flexible	O
situation	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
that	O
someone	O
would	O
in	O
trying	O
to	O
live	O
next	O
door	O
to	O
where	O
they	O
work	O
because	O
in	O
both	O
cases	O
..	O
if	O
they	O
change	O
jobs	O
-	O
they	O
've	O
probably	O
bought	O
themselves	O
a	O
longer	O
commute	O
.	O


Is	O
n't	O
it	O
curious	O
the	O
employers	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
near	O
a	O
qualified	O
work	O
force	O
?	O


Would	O
n't	O
that	O
result	O
in	O
less	O
travel	O
rather	O
than	O
more	O
?	O


The	O
other	O
comment	O
of	O
interest	O
was	O
that	O
most	O
residents	O
of	O
mixed	O
use	O
communities	O
do	O
n't	O
find	O
employment	O
there	O
.	O


To	O
the	O
extent	O
that	O
some	O
mixed	O
use	O
residents	O
do	O
find	O
local	O
employment	O
that	O
suits	O
their	O
skills	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
thing	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
marginally	O
reduce	O
travel	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
should	O
not	O
count	O
on	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
panacea	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
conflict	O
with	O
the	O
idea	O
that	O
we	O
need	O
more	O
places	O
.	O


``	O
Mixed	O
use	O
''	O
and	O
``	O
more	O
places	O
''	O
are	O
compatible	O
ideas	O
.	O


The	O
article	O
should	O
put	O
to	O
rest	O
the	O
argument	O
that	O
Ed	B-PERSON
Risse	I-PERSON
and	O
I	O
have	O
had	O
about	O
job	O
growth	O
.	O


His	O
previous	O
statement	O
was	O
that	O
while	O
the	O
percet	O
job	O
growth	O
in	O
PW	B-GPE
was	O
high	O
the	O
absolute	O
number	O
was	O
small	O
.	O


Today	O
we	O
see	O
that	O
the	O
absolute	O
numbers	O
are	O
also	O
higher	O
.	O


If	O
we	O
choose	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
successful	O
transportation	O
plan	O
then	O
we	O
should	O
design	O
the	O
plan	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
needs	O
which	O
will	O
occur	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
what	O
is	O
happening	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
what	O
we	O
wish	O
would	O
happen	O
.	O


Otherwise	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
design	O
not	O
only	O
a	O
transportation	O
plan	O
but	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
change	O
everyone	O
's	O
decisions	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
way	O
as	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
work	O
.	O


Today	O
's	O
article	O
shows	O
how	O
difficult	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
so	O
why	O
choose	O
a	O
plan	O
that	O
is	O
bound	O
to	O
fail	O
?	O


Metro	B-FAC
will	O
not	O
ease	O
congestion	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
n't	O
done	O
so	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
last	I-DATE
thirty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


What	O
it	O
does	O
do	O
is	O
allow	O
more	O
people	O
to	O
travel	O
to	O
some	O
places	O
than	O
can	O
be	O
acommodated	O
by	O
highways	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
that	O
by	O
offering	O
a	O
lower	O
level	O
of	O
service	O
and	O
less	O
comfort	O
-LRB-	O
standing	O
room	O
only	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


It	O
might	O
be	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
sufficient	O
reason	O
to	O
spend	O
billions	B-MONEY
of	I-MONEY
scarce	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
on	O
Metro	O
,	O
but	O
easing	O
traffic	O
congestion	O
is	O
n't	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
.	O


We	O
should	O
evaluate	O
the	O
expenditure	O
for	O
what	O
it	O
does	O
do	O
and	O
who	O
benefits	O
and	O
assign	O
the	O
costs	O
accordingly	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
expenditure	O
is	O
still	O
reasonable	O
.	O


Clearly	O
,	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
include	O
billing	O
the	O
tollroad	O
users	O
for	O
Metro	B-FAC
construction	O
.	O


Making	O
Route	B-FAC
7	I-FAC
sixteen	B-CARDINAL
lanes	O
is	O
probably	O
just	O
as	O
bad	O
an	O
idea	O
as	O
Metro	B-FAC
.	O


That	O
is	O
just	O
another	O
plan	O
to	O
take	O
everyone	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
place	O
,	O
which	O
we	O
know	O
will	O
fail	O
.	O


The	O
difference	O
is	O
that	O
those	O
who	O
use	O
that	O
route	O
will	O
have	O
individually	O
controlled	O
climate	O
,	O
music	O
,	O
and	O
seats	O
.	O


And	O
they	O
can	O
eat	O
or	O
smoke	O
if	O
they	O
choose	O
.	O


Aside	O
from	O
Gerald	B-PERSON
Gordon	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
comments	O
,	O
you	O
have	O
Jay	B-PERSON
Fissette	I-PERSON
saying	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
not	O
fully	O
made	O
the	O
connection	O
between	O
land	O
use	O
and	O
transportation	O
.	O


I	O
'd	O
say	O
that	O
most	O
people	O
have	O
made	O
the	O
connection	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
one	O
Jay	B-PERSON
is	O
proposing	O
is	O
just	O
wrong	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
the	O
apparently	O
obligatory	O
and	O
generally	O
clueless	O
comment	O
by	O
Stewart	B-PERSON
Schwartz	I-PERSON
that	O
such	O
articles	O
always	O
seem	O
to	O
include	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
case	O
he	O
makes	O
the	O
completely	O
unsupported	O
and	O
obviously	O
wrong	O
statement	O
that	O
the	O
conditions	O
cited	O
in	O
the	O
article	O
leave	O
everybody	O
worse	O
off	O
.	O


If	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
voice	O
the	O
opinion	O
that	O
the	O
wrong	O
people	O
are	O
making	O
money	O
in	O
the	O
wrong	O
places	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
different	O
;	O


but	O
the	O
claim	O
that	O
everybody	O
is	O
worse	O
off	O
is	O
patently	O
false	O
and	O
weakens	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
his	O
arguments	O
accordingly	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
conservation	O
easements	O
,	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
me	O
started	O
.	O


When	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
organizations	O
are	O
founded	O
to	O
accept	O
gifts	O
from	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
,	O
then	O
stories	O
like	O
Hyland	B-PERSON
's	O
are	O
inevitable	O
.	O


If	O
conservationists	O
want	O
to	O
conserve	O
land	O
,	O
then	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
raise	O
the	O
money	O
and	O
go	O
buy	O
it	O
.	O


That	O
means	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
need	O
to	O
set	O
priorities	O
as	O
to	O
what	O
land	O
is	O
most	O
worth	O
saving	O
and	O
give	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
saving	O
95	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
it	O
,	O
for	O
free	O
.	O


Or	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
some	O
method	O
of	O
providing	O
continuing	O
income	O
to	O
those	O
that	O
are	O
already	O
conserving	O
the	O
land	O
.	O


A	O
one	B-CARDINAL
shot	O
,	O
partial	O
payment	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
a	O
conservation	O
easement	O
can	O
not	O
possibly	O
conserve	O
the	O
land	O
forever	O
.	O


Even	O
when	O
land	O
is	O
publicly	O
owned	O
,	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
count	O
on	O
conservation	O
continuing	O
.	O


Maryland	B-GPE
has	O
proposed	O
selling	O
land	O
to	O
raise	O
money	O
,	O
Fairfax	B-GPE
to	O
support	O
affordable	O
housing	O
,	O
and	O
The	B-ORG
Vint	I-ORG
Hill	I-ORG
Economic	I-ORG
Development	I-ORG
Authority	I-ORG
is	O
arguably	O
the	O
largest	O
developer	O
in	O
Fauquier	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
a	O
situation	O
where	O
the	O
public	O
c	O
n't	O
afford	O
to	O
keep	O
their	O
lands	O
clear	O
,	O
what	O
chance	O
is	O
there	O
for	O
the	O
private	O
individual	O
?	O


re	O
:	O
infrastructure	O
costs	O
and	O
newcomers	O


all	O
things	O
being	O
equal	O
..	O
a	O
newcomer	O
in	O
NoVa	B-LOC
needs	O
infrastructure	O
to	O
support	O
them	O
in	O
not	O
very	O
different	O
ways	O
that	O
-	O
that	O
same	O
newcomer	O
in	O
the	O
outer	O
burbs	O
would	O
need	O
similar	O
infrastructure	O
-	O


and	O
it	O
IS	O
the	O
infrastructure	O
costs	O
that	O
are	O
much	O
more	O
at	O
issue	O
than	O
density	O
per	O
se	O
because	O
discussions	O
of	O
density	O
..	O
seem	O
to	O
always	O
flow	O
back	O
to	O
infrastructure	O
and	O
not	O
focus	O
on	O
density	O
itself	O
as	O
a	O
good	O
or	O
bad	O
thing	O
.	O


If	O
a	O
newcomer	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
enough	O
money	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
garage	O
on	O
their	O
new	O
house	O
-	O
people	O
would	O
be	O
up	O
in	O
arms	O
if	O
their	O
property	O
taxes	O
were	O
taken	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
that	O
new	O
garage	O


but	O
apparently	O
folks	O
'	O
views	O
of	O
this	O
become	O
less	O
clear	O
if	O
we	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
taking	O
people	O
's	O
money	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
..	O
say	O
a	O
new	O
classroom	O
..	O
or	O
a	O
new	O
library	O
or	O
fire	O
station	O
or	O
traffic	O
light	O
or	O
widened	O
roadways	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
property	O
owners	O
are	O
willing	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
part	O
to	O
pay	O
their	O
fair	O
share	O
-	O


but	O
if	O
the	O
growth	O
rate	O
is	O
high	O
-	O
where	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
huge	O
influx	O
of	O
newcomers	O
then	O
we	O
have	O
significant	O
money	O
issues	O
.	O


For	O
instance	O
,	O
our	O
locality	O
has	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
new	O
school	O
every	O
year	O
and	O
I	O
understand	O
that	O
Loudoun	B-GPE
has	O
to	O
build	O
several	O
new	O
schools	O
every	O
year	O
.	O


Schools	O
are	O
over	O
70	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
our	O
property	O
taxes	O
.	O


Without	O
proffers	O
-	O
our	O
taxes	O
would	O
have	O
easily	O
doubled	O
and	O
then	O
some	O
not	O
to	O
mention	O
what	O
would	O
happen	O
to	O
the	O
elected	O
officials	O
who	O
approved	O
those	O
tax	O
increases	O
.	O


Everyone	O
needs	O
a	O
place	O
to	O
live	O


but	O
I	O
will	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
when	O
a	O
newcomer	O
buys	O
a	O
home	O
twice	O
and	O
three	B-CARDINAL
times	O
as	O
big	O
as	O
the	O
typical	O
house	O
in	O
the	O
outer	O
burbs	O
..	O
commutes	O
solo	O
in	O
a	O
-LRB-	O
usually	O
new	O
-RRB-	O
SUV	O
50	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
a	O
day	O
and	O
then	O
expects	O
folks	O
of	O
much	O
more	O
modest	O
means	O
to	O
pick	O
up	O
the	O
infrastructure	O
tab	O
..	O
that	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
complaints	O
.	O


``	O
Another	O
way	O
of	O
looking	O
at	O
this	O
is	O
that	O
if	O
new	O
folks	O
had	O
to	O
pay	O
their	O
actual	O
share	O
of	O
infrastructure	O
costs	O
-	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
less	O
money	O
for	O
bigger	O
homes	O
and	O
new	O
SUV	O
and	O
long	O
solo	O
commutes	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
when	O
we	O
have	O
all	O
taxpayers	O
picking	O
up	O
the	O
tab	O
for	O
these	O
infrastructure	O
costs	O
-	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
incentive	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
folks	O
-	O
to	O
make	O
conservative	O
financial	O
decisions	O
-	O


because	O
,	O
in	O
essence	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
being	O
subsididzed	O
.	O


The	O
more	O
that	O
each	O
person	O
has	O
to	O
pay	O
their	O
own	O
fair	O
share	O
of	O
infrastructure	O
costs	O
-	O
the	O
more	O
it	O
will	O
impact	O
the	O
choices	O
that	O
have	O
expensive	O
consequences	O
-	O
for	O
either	O
them	O
..	O
or	O
for	O
others	O
.	O


I	O
pointed	O
out	O
in	O
another	O
post	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
planned	O
communities	O
.	O


There	O
,	O
the	O
existing	O
residents	O
have	O
not	O
paid	O
enough	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
common	O
use	O
land	O
and	O
common	O
use	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
result	O
that	O
these	O
communities	O
are	O
now	O
resorting	O
to	O
assessing	O
additional	O
fees	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
on	O
newcomers	O
.	O


In	O
this	O
case	O
the	O
newcomers	O
are	O
not	O
causing	O
any	O
new	O
requirements	O
,	O


but	O
they	O
are	O
still	O
being	O
expected	O
to	O
pay	O
a	O
higher	O
price	O
than	O
existing	O
residents	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
facilites	O
that	O
were	O
worn	O
out	O
-LRB-	O
by	O
existing	O
residents	O
-RRB-	O
before	O
the	O
new	O
residents	O
arrived	O
.	O


It	O
seems	O
to	O
me	O
that	O
this	O
exposes	O
a	O
critical	O
weakness	O
in	O
what	O
we	O
psychologically	O
view	O
as	O
fair	O
.	O


I	O
would	O
agree	O
with	O
Larry	B-PERSON
if	O
:	O
a	O
-RRB-	O
existing	O
residents	O
were	O
already	O
paying	O
enough	O
to	O
support	O
existing	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
which	O
they	O
are	O
apparently	O
not	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
At	O
least	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
widely	O
held	O
belief	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


b	O
-RRB-	O
the	O
additional	O
costs	O
-LRB-	O
for	O
proffers	O
and	O
such	O
-RRB-	O
over	O
and	O
above	O
ordinary	O
and	O
sufficient	O
property	O
taxes	O
were	O
carefully	O
examined	O
to	O
cover	O
only	O
the	O
new	O
and	O
extraordinary	O
capital	O
costs	O
associated	O
solely	O
with	O
new	O
residents	O
.	O


That	O
means	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
blame	O
the	O
new	O
residents	O
for	O
increased	O
capital	O
costs	O
that	O
are	O
really	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
new	O
desires	O
or	O
needs	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
all	O
residents	O
.	O


Say	O
crime	O
is	O
up	O
50	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
so	O
you	O
need	O
a	O
new	O
jail	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
new	O
residents	O
are	O
planned	O
to	O
be	O
up	O
25	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
.	O


How	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
jail	O
should	O
the	O
new	O
residents	O
pay	O
?	O


Are	O
you	O
going	O
to	O
hold	O
them	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	B-PERCENT
50	I-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
of	O
increased	O
need	O
that	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
existing	O
residents	O
?	O


I	O
understand	O
Larry	B-PERSON
's	O
point	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
think	O
it	O
is	O
intellectually	O
too	O
easy	O
to	O
be	O
correct	O
.	O


I	O
particularly	O
like	O
this	O
:	O
Another	O
way	O
of	O
looking	O
at	O
this	O
is	O
that	O
if	O
new	O
folks	O
had	O
to	O
pay	O
their	O
actual	O
share	O
of	O
infrastructure	O
costs	O
-	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
less	O
money	O
for	O
bigger	O
homes	O
and	O
new	O
SUV	O
and	O
long	O
solo	O
commutes	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
absolutely	O
correct	O
,	O


and	O
it	O
corresponds	O
to	O
EMR	B-PERSON
's	O
gloomy	O
prediction	O
that	O
we	O
will	O
all	O
face	O
lowered	O
expectations	O
.	O


But	O
what	O
if	O
the	O
choice	O
is	O
a	O
smaller	O
home	O
in	O
the	O
exurbs	O
and	O
a	O
hybrid	O
?	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
fine	O
argument	O
,	O


but	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
we	O
know	O
anywhere	O
near	O
enough	O
to	O
actually	O
and	O
fairly	O
assess	O
the	O
costs	O
of	O
new	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
hand	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
newcomers	O
pay	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
especially	O
if	O
we	O
*require*	O
them	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
then	O
we	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
too	O
surprised	O
if	O
they	O
claim	O
to	O
own	O
it	O
and	O
wish	O
to	O
exclude	O
us	O
.	O


This	O
has	O
already	O
happened	O
with	O
some	O
gated	O
communities	O
.	O


They	O
provided	O
things	O
like	O
bike	O
paths	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
the	O
outside	O
community	O
wants	O
connectivity	O
to	O
those	O
assets	O
without	O
picking	O
up	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
costs	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
riparian	O
setbacks	O
and	O
other	O
increased	O
demands	O
on	O
private	O
income	O
or	O
property	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
see	O
how	O
we	O
can	O
expect	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
shared	O
infrastructure	O
that	O
we	O
all	O
benefit	O
from	O
unless	O
we	O
share	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
costs	O
.	O


At	O
present	O
,	O
we	O
ca	O
n't	O
even	O
agree	O
on	O
what	O
``	O
some	O
of	O
''	O
amounts	O
to	O
,	O
let	O
alone	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
fair	O
distribution	O
.	O


What	O
if	O
the	O
choice	O
is	O
between	O
a	O
larger	O
home	O
and	O
an	O
SUV	O
in	O
the	O
exurbs	O
or	O
a	O
smaller	O
home	O
and	O
maybe	O
no	O
car	O
in	O
the	O
inner	O
areas	O
,	O
AND	O
AT	O
A	O
HIGHER	O
PRICE	O
,	O
including	O
travel	O
?	O


Policy	B-PERSON
Soup	I-PERSON
hsa	O
a	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
subject	O
that	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
lived	O
in	O
Crystal	B-LOC
City	I-LOC
for	O
many	O
years	O
after	O
college	O
.	O


The	O
Underground	B-FAC
was	O
,	O
and	O
remains	O
,	O
the	O
greatest	O
feature	O
.	O


The	O
only	O
drawback	O
to	O
Crystal	B-LOC
City	I-LOC
was	O
no	O
yards	O
.	O


The	O
location	O
was	O
great	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
place	O
was	O
too	O
urban	O
for	O
anyone	O
with	O
a	O
family	O
.	O


The	O
higher	O
density	O
development	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
going	O
on	O
there	O
for	O
the	O
past	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
or	O
so	O
is	O
a	O
crime	O
-	O


you	O
ca	O
n't	O
even	O
cross	O
the	O
street	O
on	O
foot	O
,	O
everything	O
is	O
so	O
congested	O
!	O


So	O
much	O
for	O
the	O
``	O
pedestrian	O
friendly	O
''	O
model	O
-	O


Arlington	B-GPE
seems	O
determined	O
to	O
kill	O
pedestrians	O
,	O
forcing	O
people	O
who	O
used	O
to	O
walk	O
to	O
drive	O
two	B-CARDINAL
blocks	O
like	O
in	O
Clarnedon	B-GPE
due	O
to	O
overcrowding	O
.	O


Let	O
's	O
pray	O
they	O
stop	O
compounding	O
their	O
errors	O
,	O
lest	O
the	O
whole	O
place	O
decline	O
.	O
''	O


It	O
may	O
turn	O
out	O
that	O
we	O
need	O
more	O
space	O
not	O
just	O
to	O
live	O
and	O
travel	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
make	O
way	O
for	O
difference	O
of	O
opinion	O
.	O


re	O
:	O
newcomers	O
/	O
infrastructure	O
/	O
longevity	O


Well	O
..	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
infrastructure	O
``	O
wears	O
out	O
''	O
in	O
the	O
usual	O
sense	O
but	O
I	O
do	O
accept	O
the	O
premise	O
for	O
some	O
things	O
.	O


Roads	O
and	O
water	O
/	O
sewer	O
are	O
not	O
replaced	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
,	O
instead	O
,	O
maintained	O
.	O


Schools	O
and	O
Prisons	O
and	O
other	O
buildings	O
can	O
eventually	O
wear	O
out	O
and	O
need	O
replacement	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
am	O
talking	O
about	O
new	O
infrastructure	O
that	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
needed	O
if	O
an	O
area	O
was	O
not	O
experiencing	O
growth	O
.	O


All	O
communities	O
have	O
CIPs	O
-LRB-	O
capital	O
investment	O
plans	O
-RRB-	O
for	O
infrastructure	O
-	O
both	O
replacement	O
and	O
but	O
replacement	O
infrastructure	O
IS	O
something	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
accomodated	O
in	O
an	O
annual	O
budget	O
-	O
much	O
like	O
figuring	O
out	O
how	O
many	O
buses	O
the	O
school	O
system	O
needs	O
to	O
replace	O
-	O
every	O
year	O
-	O


it	O
's	O
a	O
known	O
calculation	O
.	O


But	O
new	O
infrastructure	O
is	O
not	O
because	O
it	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
RATE	O
of	O
growth	O


and	O
I	O
think	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
strenuous	O
disagreement	O
with	O
the	O
claim	O
that	O
``	O
That	O
means	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
not	O
blame	O
the	O
new	O
residents	O
for	O
increased	O
capital	O
costs	O
that	O
are	O
really	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
new	O
desires	O
or	O
needs	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
all	O
residents	O
.	O
''	O


because	O
existing	O
residents	O
are	O
not	O
getting	O
``	O
better	O
''	O
levels	O
of	O
services	O
but	O
rather	O
expensive	O
measures	O
necessary	O
to	O
simply	O
maintain	O
their	O
existing	O
levels	O
of	O
service	O
.	O


Most	O
communities	O
would	O
not	O
willinging	O
choose	O
nor	O
think	O
fair	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
existing	O
residents	O
'	O
financial	O
responsibility	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
new	O
infrastructure	O
for	O
new	O
residents	O
.	O


Remember	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
not	O
talking	O
about	O
a	O
new	O
classroom	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
older	O
,	O
worn	O
-	O
out	O
one	O
.	O


We	O
're	O
talking	O
about	O
a	O
new	O
ADDITIONAL	O
classroom	O
.	O


posted	O
by	O
<$BlogBacklinkAuthor$>	O
@	O
<$BlogBacklinkDateTime$>	O


Learning	O
from	O
the	O
Swedes	B-NORP


Reader	O
Rob	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
calls	O
attention	O
to	O
an	O
article	O
in	O
today	O
's	O
Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
about	O
the	O
experiment	O
in	O
Stockholm	B-GPE
,	O
Sweden	B-GPE
,	O
with	O
congestion	O
pricing	O
.	O


It	O
seems	O
that	O
the	O
Swedes	B-NORP
,	O
for	O
all	O
their	O
skill	O
in	O
urban	O
planning	O
and	O
their	O
investments	O
in	O
mass	O
transit	O
,	O
are	O
suffering	O
from	O
traffic	O
congestion	O
.	O


Better	O
yet	O
,	O
they	O
're	O
adopting	O
a	O
market	O
-	O
driven	O
remedy	O
.	O


Socialist	O
though	O
they	O
may	O
be	O
,	O
Sweden	B-GPE
's	O
politicians	O
apparently	O
have	O
a	O
firmer	O
grasp	O
of	O
economics	O
than	O
Virginia	B-GPE
's	O
.	O


The	O
Greater	B-LOC
Stockholm	I-LOC
region	O
has	O
nearly	B-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
.	O


The	O
central	O
city	O
,	O
built	O
upon	O
an	O
archipelago	O
of	O
islands	O
linked	O
by	O
bridges	O
,	O
is	O
particularly	O
prone	O
to	O
congestion	O
.	O


Under	O
contract	O
with	O
IBM	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
national	O
government	O
has	O
set	O
up	O
23	B-CARDINAL
tolling	O
points	O
which	O
,	O
used	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
transponder	O
boxes	O
,	O
laser	O
detectors	O
and	O
cameras	O
,	O
tracks	O
the	O
path	O
of	O
every	O
car	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


Each	O
time	O
a	O
car	O
with	O
a	O
transponder	O
passes	O
through	O
a	O
toll	O
,	O
the	O
charge	O
is	O
automatically	O
deducted	O
from	O
the	O
driver	O
's	O
bank	O
account	O
.	O


Tolls	O
vary	O
at	O
different	O
times	O
of	O
the	O
day	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
congestion	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
the	O
equivalent	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
1.38	I-MONEY
to	O
$	O
2.76	B-MONEY
per	O
hour	O
.	O


The	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
alter	O
motorist	O
behavior	O
--	O
and	O
that	O
's	O
exactly	O
what	O
has	O
happened	O
.	O


Rather	O
than	O
drive	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
work	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
every	O
day	O
,	O
some	O
Stockholmites	B-NORP
-LRB-	O
Stockholmers	B-NORP
?	O
-RRB-	O
are	O
varying	O
their	O
commuting	O
times	O
.	O


Some	O
are	O
taking	O
different	O
routes	O
.	O


Some	O
are	O
riding	O
bicycles	O
.	O


And	O
many	O
are	O
availing	O
themselves	O
of	O
mass	O
transit	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
WSJ	B-ORG
explains	O
:	O
Before	O
the	O
trial	O
began	O
,	O
Stockholm	B-GPE
spent	O
about	B-MONEY
$	I-MONEY
180	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
on	O
improvements	O
to	O
public	O
transportation	O
.	O


It	O
bought	O
about	O
200	B-CARDINAL
new	O
buses	O
and	O
added	O
rush	O
-	O
hour	O
trains	O
,	O
express	O
bus	O
routes	O
and	O
more	O
park	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
ride	O
lots	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
changes	O
had	O
little	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
left	O
their	O
private	O
cars	O
at	O
home	O
.	O


In	O
spring	B-DATE
2006	I-DATE
,	O
however	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
trial	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
all	O
forms	O
of	O
public	O
transportation	O
jumped	O
6	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
and	O
ridership	O
on	O
inner	O
-	O
city	O
bus	O
routes	O
rose	O
9	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
year	O
earlier	O
.	O


Now	O
that	O
the	O
six	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
trial	O
has	O
ended	O
,	O
the	O
city	O
has	O
scheduled	O
a	O
referendum	O
to	O
let	O
voters	O
decide	O
whether	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
congestion	O
-	O
pricing	O
scheme	O
permanent	O
.	O


A	O
June	B-DATE
poll	O
found	O
that	O
52	B-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
voters	O
favored	O
the	O
plan	O
.	O


So	O
far	O
,	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
congestion	O
pricing	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
has	O
n't	O
gotten	O
past	O
the	O
talking	O
stage	O
.	O


Oh	O
yeah	O
--	O
a	O
system	O
that	O
tracks	O
every	O
car	O
's	O
movements	O
through	O
transponders	O
will	O
go	O
over	O
with	O
the	O
public	O
in	O
Va	B-GPE
.	O


There	O
remain	O
people	O
who	O
wo	O
n't	O
buy	O
smarttags	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
want	O
Big	O
Brother	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
data	O
-LRB-	O
or	O
their	O
spouse	O
's	O
divorce	O
lawyer	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


It	O
strikes	O
me	O
as	O
remarkable	O
that	O
our	O
transportation	O
policies	O
are	O
more	O
socialistic	O
than	O
Sweden	B-GPE
's	O
.	O


We	O
wo	O
n't	O
do	O
photo	O
red	O
,	O
and	O
you	O
are	O
suggesting	O
this	O
?	O


Anonymous	B-PERSON
,	O
I	O
do	O
n't	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
Swedish	B-NORP
system	O
requires	O
people	O
to	O
install	O
transponders	O
.	O


Some	O
people	O
will	O
prefer	O
that	O
option	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
more	O
convenient	O
.	O


Jim	B-PERSON
:	O
WaPo	B-ORG
ran	O
the	O
Wall	B-ORG
Street	I-ORG
Journal	I-ORG
story	O
on	O
D	O
5	O
of	O
Business	O
.	O


Anonymous	B-PERSON
11:06	I-PERSON
see	O
our	O
comment	O
yesterday	O
re	O
anonymity	O
.	O


Citizens	O
can	O
have	O
functional	O
transport	O
,	O
functional	O
settlement	O
patterns	O
,	O
functional	O
governance	O
and	O
a	O
sustainable	O
civilization	O
;	O


Or	O
they	O
can	O
,	O
to	O
protect	O
cheating	O
husbands	O
and	O
wives	O
and	O
others	O
for	O
whom	O
secrecty	O
is	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
preserve	O
special	O
privilage	O
,	O
obsess	O
over	O
private	O
rights	O
to	O
the	O
exclusion	O
of	O
public	O
responsibilities	O
.	O


EMR	B-PERSON


By	O
all	O
accounts	O
the	O
Stockholm	B-GPE
experiment	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
success	O
,	O
so	O
far	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
issues	O
come	O
to	O
mind	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
Stockholm	B-GPE
spent	O
$	B-MONEY
180	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
on	O
transportation	O
improvements	O
before	O
the	O
experiment	O
.	O


Would	O
the	O
experiment	O
have	O
been	O
as	O
successful	O
if	O
they	O
had	O
not	O
spent	O
the	O
money	O
?	O


Was	O
the	O
``	O
success	O
''	O
a	O
manufactured	O
result	O
to	O
cover	O
up	O
for	O
the	O
previously	O
failed	O
investment	O
?	O


Second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
Stockholm	B-GPE
had	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
mind	O
and	O
the	O
fairness	O
of	O
government	O
to	O
put	O
this	O
together	O
as	O
an	O
experiment	O
,	O
and	O
allow	O
the	O
citizens	O
to	O
dismantle	O
it	O
later	O
if	O
they	O
thought	O
it	O
not	O
worthwhile	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
an	O
admirable	O
approach	O
,	O


what	O
US	B-NORP
government	O
has	O
ever	O
incorporated	O
a	O
policy	O
as	O
a	O
test	O
and	O
THEN	O
put	O
it	O
up	O
for	O
referendum	O
?	O


One	O
of	O
our	O
problems	O
is	O
that	O
having	O
made	O
a	O
mistake	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
impossible	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
own	O
up	O
to	O
it	O
.	O


Where	O
is	O
the	O
referendum	O
on	O
whether	O
we	O
should	O
spend	O
umpteen	B-CARDINAL
billion	I-CARDINAL
on	O
the	O
Tyson	B-LOC
's	O
project	O
?	O


Focus	O
groups	O
and	O
special	O
interests	O
do	O
n't	O
count	O
.	O


Third	B-ORDINAL
,	O
granted	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
in	O
Stockholm	B-GPE
has	O
every	O
incentive	O
to	O
spin	O
this	O
in	O
a	O
good	O
light	O
,	O


and	O
all	O
the	O
reviews	O
seem	O
good	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
suspicious	O
when	O
no	O
one	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
find	O
any	O
shortcomings	O
.	O


In	O
London	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
took	O
quite	O
some	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
economic	O
effects	O
to	O
sort	O
themselves	O
out	O
and	O
be	O
measured	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
London	B-GPE
experiment	O
also	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
success	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
considerable	O
movement	O
against	O
it	O
and	O
the	O
rapid	O
rise	O
in	O
tolling	O
charges	O
that	O
followed	O
.	O


It	O
does	O
not	O
seem	O
likely	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
repeated	O
in	O
other	O
English	B-NORP
cities	O
.	O


For	O
the	O
record	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
congestion	O
tolling	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
also	O
think	O
it	O
will	O
hasten	O
the	O
de-emphasis	O
of	O
central	O
areas	O
.	O


In	O
London	B-GPE
there	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
distinct	O
decrease	O
in	O
business	O
just	O
inside	O
the	O
edge	O
of	O
the	O
congestion	O
zone	O
and	O
a	O
distinct	O
increase	O
just	O
outside	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
too	O
soon	O
to	O
see	O
what	O
happens	O
in	O
Stockholm	B-GPE
,	O


but	O
the	O
situation	O
in	O
stockholm	B-GPE
is	O
a	O
lot	O
different	O
from	O
London	B-GPE
.	O


Singapore	B-GPE
is	O
another	O
example	O
of	O
effective	O
use	O
of	O
congestion	O
pricing	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
not	O
usre	O
that	O
there	O
's	O
much	O
about	O
Singapore	B-GPE
's	O
governmental	O
philosophy	O
that	O
we	O
should	O
emulate	O
-LRB-	O
thinly	O
disguised	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
party	O
rule	O
-RRB-	O
but	O
,	O
as	O
someone	O
who	O
has	O
spent	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
time	O
there	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
I	O
can	O
testify	O
that	O
traffic	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
city	O
is	O
much	O
improved	O
without	O
any	O
indication	O
that	O
economic	O
development	O
has	O
been	O
curtailed	O
.	O


In	O
Southern	B-LOC
California	I-LOC
,	O
there	O
are	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
tollways	O
with	O
variable	O
pricing	O
that	O
fluctuates	O
with	O
traffic	O
density	O
.	O


The	O
highway	O
design	O
is	O
configured	O
to	O
give	O
drivers	O
options	O
about	O
whether	O
to	O
pay	O
the	O
higher	O
rates	O
or	O
get	O
off	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


Seems	O
to	O
work	O
.	O


re	O
:	O
congestion	O
pricing	O
and	O
``	O
edge	O
''	O
impacts	O
.	O


simple	O
-	O
move	O
the	O
boundaries	O
...	O
:--RRB-	O


further	O
,	O
let	O
's	O
think	O
outside	O
the	O
box	O
here	O
.	O


what	O
makes	O
``	O
congestion	O
pricing	O
''	O
-	O
WORK	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
electronic	O
tolling	O
.	O


``	O
congestion	O
pricing	O
''	O
is	O
but	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
dozens	B-CARDINAL
of	O
possible	O
outcomes	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
underlying	O
technology	O
.	O


The	O
privacy	O
aspects	O
are	O
undeniable	O
but	O
the	O
momentum	O
towards	O
electronic	O
tolling	O
is	O
also	O
.	O


Right	O
now	O
..	O
they	O
can	O
``	O
track	O
''	O
you	O
with	O
your	O
cell	O
phone	O
and	O
your	O
credit	O
card	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
red	O
-	O
light	O
cameras	O
and	O
even	O
security	O
cameras	O
in	O
businesses	O
.	O


Electronic	O
Tolling	O
will	O
make	O
possible	O
other	O
methods	O
of	O
collecting	O
revenue	O
from	O
vehicular	O
travel	O
besides	O
congestion	O
pricing	O
.	O


Obviously	O
new	O
roads	O
/	O
expanded	O
/	O
improved	O
roads	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
possible	O
-	O
roads	O
that	O
we	O
currently	O
have	O
no	O
money	O
for	O
and	O
unlikely	O
to	O
have	O
money	O
for	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
.	O


Electronic	O
Tolls	O
present	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
build	O
new	O
roads	O
shortly	O
after	O
the	O
study	O
/	O
decision	O
is	O
made	O
-	O
vice	O
waiting	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
..	O
and	O
in	O
VDOT	B-ORG
's	O
case	O
decades	B-DATE
.	O


The	O
primary	O
difference	O
between	O
this	O
country	O
and	O
other	O
countries	O
'	O
use	O
of	O
electronic	O
tolling	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
're	O
still	O
thinking	O
of	O
individual	O
roads	O
whereas	O
those	O
other	O
countries	O
are	O
implementing	O
electronic	O
tolling	O
for	O
the	O
REGION	O
-	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
SHAPE	O
the	O
entire	O
network	O
's	O
congestion	O
.	O


So	O
..	O
think	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
NoVa	B-LOC
area	O
with	O
a	O
connecting	O
network	O
of	O
electronically	O
tolled	O
roads	O
being	O
priced	O
by	O
the	O
hour	B-TIME
...	O
and	O
the	O
place	O
much	O
like	O
cell	O
phone	O
minutes	O
.	O


You	O
have	O
to	O
admit	O
-	O
the	O
cell	O
phone	O
business	O
model	O
does	O
two	B-CARDINAL
things	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
well	O
.	O


First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
you	O
pay	O
for	O
when	O
/	O
where	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
a	O
free	O
ride	O


and	O
second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
the	O
cell	O
companies	O
collect	O
enough	O
in	O
revenues	O
to	O
keep	O
building	O
more	O
cell	O
towers	O
and	O
expand	O
coverage	O
.	O


think	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
model	O
with	O
roads	O
and	O
electronic	O
tolling	O
.	O


Larry	B-PERSON
,	O
the	O
cell	O
phone	O
analogy	O
is	O
brilliant	O
.	O


That	O
is	O
the	O
logic	O
of	O
where	O
the	O
technology	O
will	O
take	O
us	O
--	O
if	O
only	O
politics	O
do	O
n't	O
stand	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
.	O


Either	O
Nova	B-PERSON
Scout	I-PERSON
is	O
right	O
or	O
Larry	B-PERSON
is	O
right	O
.	O


Congestion	O
pricing	O
does	O
n't	O
seem	O
to	O
have	O
limited	O
Singapore	B-GPE
's	O
economic	O
activity	O
,	O
but	O
how	O
would	O
you	O
know	O
?	O


For	O
one	B-CARDINAL
thing	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
like	O
traffic	O
congestion	O
:	O


the	O
demand	O
is	O
so	O
high	O
that	O
even	O
if	O
you	O
build	O
new	O
roads	O
or	O
throttle	O
the	O
demand	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
high	O
.	O


For	O
another	O
,	O
If	O
Larry	B-PERSON
is	O
right	O
and	O
congestion	O
pricing	O
has	O
shaped	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
then	O
some	O
of	O
that	O
economic	O
activity	O
is	O
not	O
happening	O
where	O
it	O
might	O
have	O
otherwise	O
.	O


Transportation	O
is	O
very	O
closey	O
connected	O
with	O
economic	O
activity	O
.	O


So	O
in	O
that	O
sense	O
,	O
what	O
tolling	O
does	O
is	O
impose	O
a	O
tax	O
on	O
profits	O
that	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
made	O
.	O


I	O
think	O
you	O
should	O
tax	O
only	O
income	O
and	O
sales	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
suppose	O
you	O
could	O
rationalize	O
this	O
as	O
a	O
sales	O
tax	O
on	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
roads	O
.	O


I	O
still	O
think	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
reason	O
to	O
institute	O
tolling	O
except	O
in	O
special	O
circumstances	O
:	O
Expensive	O
bridges	O
,	O
and	O
highly	O
congested	O
zones	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
.	O


Otherwise	O
a	O
gas	O
tax	O
set	O
high	O
enough	O
to	O
do	O
its	O
job	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
fairer	O
and	O
cheaper	O
method	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
environmentally	O
friendly	O
:	O


the	O
infrastructure	O
is	O
in	O
place	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
automatically	O
taxes	O
by	O
distance	O
,	O
weight	O
,	O
and	O
horsepower	O
.	O


The	O
cell	O
phone	O
analogy	O
is	O
far	O
from	O
brilliant	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
multiple	O
cell	O
phone	O
companies	O
-LRB-	O
Verizon	B-ORG
Wireless	I-ORG
,	O
Cingular	B-ORG
,	O
Sprint	B-ORG
,	O
TMobile	B-ORG
,	O
etc.	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
medieval	O
and	O
corrupt	O
General	B-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
.	O


And	O
their	O
goal	O
was	O
,	O
is	O
and	O
will	O
remain	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
wealth	O
from	O
the	O
economically	O
successful	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
congetsed	O
-RRB-	O
areas	O
to	O
those	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
locked	O
in	O
the	O
economic	O
practices	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
mid	I-DATE
1800s	I-DATE
.	O


This	O
will	O
not	O
end	O
until	O
the	B-LAW
Dillon	I-LAW
Rule	I-LAW
is	O
discarded	O
in	O
Virginia	B-GPE
or	O
Northern	B-LOC
Virginia	I-LOC
forms	O
a	O
separate	O
state	O
.	O


Congestion	O
``	O
pricing	O
''	O
=	O
congestion	O
``	O
taxation	O
''	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
continue	O
the	O
cell	O
phone	O
analogy	O
then	O
Maryland	B-GPE
ought	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
propose	O
their	O
approach	O
to	O
traffic	O
management	O
using	O
Northern	B-LOC
Virginia	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
taxes	O
as	O
a	O
competitive	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
proposal	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
of	O
Northern	B-LOC
Virginia	I-LOC
-LRB-	O
i.e.	O
the	O
buyers	O
of	O
the	O
product	O
offered	O
under	O
congestion	O
``	O
pricing	O
''	O
-RRB-	O
would	O
then	O
have	O
a	O
choice	O
-	O
like	O
they	O
do	O
today	O
with	O
cell	O
phone	O
service	O
.	O


Until	O
there	O
is	O
choice	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
just	O
another	O
method	O
of	O
perpetuating	O
the	O
Northern	B-LOC
Virginia	I-LOC
subsidy	O
of	O
the	O
southern	B-LOC
Virginia	I-LOC
welfare	O
state	O
.	O


No	O
thanks	O
.	O


Groveton	B-PERSON
,	O
You	O
're	O
missing	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
Larry	B-PERSON
's	O
post	O
regarding	O
the	O
cell	O
phone	O
model	O
:	O


``	O
First	B-ORDINAL
,	O
you	O
pay	O
for	O
when	O
/	O
where	O
and	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
a	O
free	O
ride	O


and	O
second	B-ORDINAL
,	O
the	O
cell	O
companies	O
collect	O
enough	O
in	O
revenues	O
to	O
keep	O
building	O
more	O
cell	O
towers	O
and	O
expand	O
coverage	O
.	O
''	O


How	O
does	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
absence	O
of	O
competition	O
affect	O
either	O
of	O
those	O
two	B-CARDINAL
attributes	O
?	O


As	O
for	O
the	O
``	O
Medieval	O
corrupt	O
''	O
General	B-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
,	O
do	O
n't	O
forget	O
which	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
state	O
sends	O
more	O
senators	O
and	O
delegates	O
to	O
that	O
body	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
've	O
discussed	O
elsewhere	O
on	O
this	O
blog	O
,	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
wealth	O
between	O
regions	O
is	O
accounted	O
for	O
primarily	O
by	O
the	O
``	O
Standards	O
of	O
Quality	O
''	O
funding	O
formula	O
that	O
redistributes	O
resources	O
from	O
affluent	O
school	O
systems	O
to	O
poor	O
school	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
secondarily	O
by	O
road	O
-	O
funding	O
formulas	O
that	O
favor	O
rural	O
areas	O
.	O


Your	O
criticisms	O
should	O
be	O
directed	O
to	O
those	O
two	B-CARDINAL
particular	O
funding	O
formulas	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
``	I-ORG
General	I-ORG
Assembly	I-ORG
''	I-ORG
as	O
a	O
whole	O
.	O


Northern	B-LOC
Virginia	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
gripes	O
over	O
these	O
funding	O
formulas	O
could	O
be	O
shared	O
by	O
the	O
affluent	O
suburbs	O
of	O
the	O
Richmond	B-GPE
area	O
--	O


but	O
you	O
do	O
n't	O
hear	O
Richmond	B-GPE
suburbanites	O
fantasizing	O
about	O
seceding	O
from	O
the	O
state	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
For	O
the	O
record	O
:	O
I	O
live	O
in	O
Henrico	B-GPE
County	I-GPE
.	O
-RRB-	O


Some	B-NORP
Northern	I-NORP
Virginians	I-NORP
want	O
it	O
both	O
ways	O
.	O


They	O
're	O
entirely	O
happy	O
with	O
the	O
arrangement	O
that	O
divests	O
it	O
from	O
any	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
``	O
inner	O
city	O
''	O
of	O
e	O
Washington	B-GPE
,	I-GPE
D.C.	I-GPE
,	O
and	O
all	O
those	O
icky	O
poor	O
people	O
,	O


and	O
they	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
divest	O
itself	O
from	O
responsibility	O
for	O
outlying	O
rural	O
areas	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
these	O
people	O
advocate	O
cherry	O
picking	O
the	O
most	O
affluent	O
suburban	O
jurisdictions	O
of	O
NoVa	B-LOC
,	O
creating	O
a	O
separate	O
political	O
entity	O
for	O
themselves	O
and	O
insulating	O
themselves	O
from	O
the	O
urban	O
and	O
rural	O
poor	O
.	O


A	O
gated	O
community	O
on	O
a	O
regional	O
scale	O
!	O


Jim	B-PERSON
,	O
is	O
n't	O
that	O
what	O
congestion	O
pricing	O
does	O
,	O
place	O
a	O
toll	O
gate	O
on	O
the	O
community	O
?	O


Ray	B-PERSON
,	O
congestion	O
pricing	O
uses	O
the	O
pricing	O
mechanism	O
to	O
allocate	O
scarce	O
roadway	O
capacity	O
.	O


If	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
call	O
that	O
``	O
placing	O
a	O
toll	O
gate	O
on	O
the	O
community	O
,	O
''	O
I	O
suppose	O
you	O
can	O
.	O


posted	O
by	O
<$BlogBacklinkAuthor$>	O
@	O
<$BlogBacklinkDateTime$>	O


Forget	O
'	O
isms	O
'	O
--	O
except	O
eclecticism	O


Those	O
discrete	O
movements	O
you	O
studied	O
in	O
art	O
history	O
?	O


They	O
're	O
long	O
gone	O
.	O


Today	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
all	O
about	O
diversity	O
--	O
and	O
quality	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
.	O


By	O
Christopher	B-PERSON
Knight	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
from	O
LA	B-ORG
Times	I-ORG
-RRB-	O


The	O
question	O
was	O
innocent	O
enough	O
.	O


``	O
What	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
with	O
contemporary	O
art	O
these	O
days	O
?	O
''	O


My	O
answer	O
was	O
equally	O
candid	O
.	O


``	O
Beats	O
me	O
.	O
''	O


I	O
do	O
spend	O
a	O
sizable	O
chunk	O
of	O
my	O
time	O
looking	O
at	O
,	O
reading	O
about	O
and	O
thinking	O
over	O
new	O
art	O
in	O
Los	B-GPE
Angeles	I-GPE
and	O
elsewhere	O
,	O


but	O
the	O
days	O
when	O
a	O
succinct	O
response	O
might	O
quickly	O
sum	O
up	O
the	O
art	O
scene	O
are	O
long	O
gone	O
.	O


Partly	O
that	O
's	O
because	O
contemporary	O
art	O
has	O
gone	O
global	O
.	O


The	O
decade	O
of	O
the	O
1980s	B-DATE
was	O
a	O
pivot	O
,	O
when	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
postwar	O
role	O
as	O
serious	O
art	O
's	O
only	O
serious	O
city	O
came	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
.	O


Mostly	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
because	O
art	O
,	O
wherever	O
it	O
is	O
made	O
,	O
no	O
longer	O
subscribes	O
to	O
a	O
single	O
dominant	O
trend	O
with	O
a	O
few	O
rambunctious	O
alternatives	O
jostling	O
for	O
supremacy	O
.	O


Art	O
is	O
eclectic	O
--	O


and	O
today	O
we	O
take	O
that	O
eclecticism	O
for	O
granted	O
.	O


Look	O
around	O
.	O


The	O
extreme	O
breadth	O
of	O
artistic	O
diversity	O
is	O
so	O
familiar	O
and	O
so	O
routine	O
as	O
to	O
border	O
on	O
invisibility	O
.	O


Take	O
the	O
2006	B-DATE
California	B-EVENT
Biennial	I-EVENT
at	O
the	B-FAC
Orange	I-FAC
County	I-FAC
Museum	I-FAC
of	I-FAC
Art	I-FAC
,	O
opening	O
today	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
typical	O
of	O
most	O
such	O
surveys	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
commonplace	O
in	O
an	O
art	O
scene	O
now	O
sprawling	O
from	O
Berlin	B-GPE
to	O
Beijing	B-GPE
.	O


This	O
installment	O
includes	O
Jane	B-PERSON
Callister	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
punchy	O
abstract	O
paintings	O
,	O
which	O
skillfully	O
exploit	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
paint	O
to	O
multi-task	O
.	O


Like	O
a	O
diary	O
,	O
her	O
paint	O
records	O
the	O
artist	O
's	O
physical	O
process	O
in	O
making	O
the	O
work	O
.	O


It	O
also	O
has	O
a	O
tendency	O
to	O
run	O
,	O
mix	O
or	O
separate	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
accord	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
an	O
inert	O
material	O
made	O
from	O
pigment	O
bound	O
in	O
acrylic	O
resin	O
had	O
an	O
independent	O
mind	O
and	O
will	O
.	O


And	O
it	O
possesses	O
a	O
stubborn	O
inclination	O
to	O
represent	O
recognizable	O
things	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
--	O
especially	O
landscape	O
--	O
in	O
wholly	O
unexpected	O
,	O
even	O
apocalyptic	O
ways	O
.	O


But	O
the	B-EVENT
California	I-EVENT
Biennial	I-EVENT
,	O
without	O
seeming	O
the	O
least	O
bit	O
dissonant	O
,	O
can	O
also	O
accommodate	O
art	O
with	O
no	O
relationship	O
whatever	O
to	O
Callister	B-PERSON
's	O
inventive	O
reworking	O
of	O
postwar	O
abstraction	O
's	O
various	O
shibboleths	O
.	O


There	O
's	O
the	O
show	O
business	O
shtick	O
of	O
the	O
performance	O
troupe	O
My	B-ORG
Barbarian	I-ORG
,	O
which	O
turns	O
homemade	O
riffs	O
on	O
TV	O
and	O
Broadway	B-FAC
into	O
political	O
entertainment	O
.	O


Mario	O
Ybarra	O
Jr.	O
once	O
fabricated	O
vato	O
action	O
figure	O
dolls	O
,	O
transforming	O
gang	O
-	O
culture	O
imagery	O
into	O
icons	O
of	O
Duchampian	O
hip	O
-	O
hop	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
architectural	O
photographs	O
of	O
precarious	O
or	O
ruined	O
buildings	O
by	O
Amir	B-PERSON
Zaki	I-PERSON
assert	O
that	O
disintegration	O
and	O
collapse	O
are	O
the	O
inescapable	O
,	O
unseen	O
corollary	O
of	O
the	O
lovely	O
pictures	O
found	O
in	O
our	O
ubiquitous	O
shelter	O
magazines	O
.	O


Speaking	O
of	O
buildings	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
current	O
show	O
in	O
Pasadena	B-GPE
,	O
Carlos	B-PERSON
Mollura	I-PERSON
has	O
inserted	O
polyethylene	O
cubes	O
,	O
spheres	O
and	O
other	O
geometric	O
shapes	O
into	O
architectural	O
orifices	O
at	O
a	O
Colorado	B-FAC
Boulevard	I-FAC
shopping	O
plaza	O
.	O


As	O
each	O
fat	O
,	O
inflatable	O
form	O
strains	O
against	O
the	O
buildings	O
'	O
walls	O
and	O
windows	O
with	O
playful	O
,	O
even	O
comic	O
authority	O
,	O
empty	O
space	O
becomes	O
elastic	O
,	O
muscular	O
and	O
apparently	O
ready	O
to	O
burst	O
.	O


Geometry	O
is	O
ostensibly	O
neutral	O
.	O


But	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
this	O
shopping	O
arcade	O
,	O
these	O
geometric	O
forms	O
inescapably	O
imply	O
that	O
hidden	O
powers	O
of	O
urban	O
gentrification	O
are	O
at	O
work	O
.	O


At	O
Blum	B-FAC
&	I-FAC
Poe	I-FAC
Gallery	I-FAC
at	O
the	O
edge	O
of	O
Culver	B-GPE
City	I-GPE
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
a	O
carved	O
lump	O
of	O
luxurious	O
sandstone	O
by	O
Matt	B-PERSON
Johnson	I-PERSON
begins	O
with	O
Michelangelo	B-PERSON
's	O
Renaissance	B-DATE
dictum	O
that	O
sculpture	O
is	O
a	O
spiritually	O
inclined	O
process	O
of	O
chipping	O
away	O
stone	O
to	O
liberate	O
a	O
natural	O
life	O
force	O
already	O
locked	O
inside	O
.	O


Johnson	B-PERSON
put	O
his	O
chisel	O
to	O
work	O
,	O


but	O
he	O
uncovered	O
something	O
quite	O
different	O
.	O


A	O
bleary	O
death	O
's	O
head	O
lurked	O
within	O
.	O


Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
skull	O
's	O
distended	O
features	O
recall	O
a	O
famous	O
1943	B-DATE
bronze	O
memento	O
mori	O
by	O
Picasso	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
revolutionized	O
sculpture	O
for	O
the	B-DATE
20th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
.	O


Johnson	B-PERSON
,	O
metaphorically	O
killing	O
off	O
two	B-CARDINAL
artistic	O
titans	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
deceptively	O
simple	O
gesture	O
,	O
achieves	O
quite	O
a	O
sculptural	O
feat	O
.	O


Katie	B-PERSON
Grinnan	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
sculpture	O
at	O
ACME	B-FAC
follows	O
an	O
entirely	O
different	O
track	O
.	O


Her	O
``	O
Rubble	B-WORK_OF_ART
Division	I-WORK_OF_ART
''	O
mixes	O
such	O
disparate	O
materials	O
as	O
ink	O
-	O
jet	O
prints	O
pasted	O
on	O
board	O
,	O
foam	O
rubber	O
,	O
galvanized	O
steel	O
,	O
concrete	O
,	O
steel	O
rebar	O
and	O
bungee	O
cords	O
.	O


Folding	O
and	O
unfolding	O
pictures	O
of	O
ruined	O
buildings	O
with	O
pictures	O
of	O
vernacular	O
modern	O
architecture	O
,	O
she	O
articulates	O
a	O
disorienting	O
collision	O
between	O
the	O
material	O
world	O
and	O
virtual	O
reality	O
.	O


The	O
sculpture	O
--	O
tall	O
and	O
gangly	O
,	O
with	O
angular	O
flaps	O
held	O
precariously	O
in	O
place	O
by	O
tension	O
cords	O
--	O
looks	O
like	O
a	O
cross	O
between	O
a	O
communications	O
satellite	O
and	O
a	O
homeless	O
shelter	O
scavenged	O
from	O
a	O
freeway	O
underpass	O
.	O


What	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
with	O
contemporary	O
art	O
these	O
days	O
?	O


Clearly	O
a	O
lot	O
.	O


Yet	O
Callister	B-PERSON
,	O
My	B-ORG
Barbarian	I-ORG
,	O
Ybarra	B-PERSON
and	O
Zaki	B-PERSON
comfortably	O
cohabit	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
group	O
show	O
.	O


Mollura	B-PERSON
,	O
Johnson	B-PERSON
and	O
Grinnan	B-PERSON
are	O
all	O
first	B-ORDINAL
-	O
rate	O
sculptors	O
,	O


and	O
none	O
makes	O
sculpture	O
that	O
even	O
remotely	O
recalls	O
the	O
others	O
.	O


Their	O
disparate	O
works	O
cover	O
the	O
waterfront	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
these	O
artists	O
do	O
evoke	O
a	O
world	O
coming	O
apart	O
at	O
the	O
seams	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Given	O
current	O
events	O
,	O
how	O
could	O
they	O
not	O
?	O
-RRB-	O


But	O
the	O
stresses	O
and	O
strains	O
of	O
contemporary	O
life	O
register	O
in	O
heterogeneous	O
ways	O
.	O


And	O
their	O
extreme	O
eclecticism	O
is	O
not	O
exclusive	O
to	O
California	B-GPE
.	O


It	O
's	O
the	O
norm	O
everywhere	O
today	O
.	O


'	O
Pluralism	O
'	O
does	O
n't	O
do	O
it	O
justice	O


I	O
use	O
the	O
word	O
``	O
eclectic	O
''	O
rather	O
than	O
``	O
pluralist	O
''	O
for	O
a	O
reason	O
.	O


Eclecticism	O
is	O
a	O
virtue	O
because	O
not	O
only	O
does	O
it	O
draw	O
from	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
sources	O
and	O
promote	O
divergent	O
positions	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
makes	O
an	O
argument	O
about	O
what	O
is	O
best	O
among	O
the	O
various	O
doctrines	O
,	O
methods	O
or	O
styles	O
it	O
employs	O
.	O


Eclecticism	O
is	O
elitist	O
in	O
the	O
finest	O
sense	O
of	O
that	O
widely	O
misused	O
word	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
nothing	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
old	O
-	O
fashioned	O
notions	O
of	O
exclusive	O
aristocratic	O
taste	O
and	O
everything	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
embracing	O
diversity	O
while	O
also	O
demanding	O
quality	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
1980s	B-DATE
some	O
critics	O
advanced	O
pluralism	O
as	O
art	O
's	O
natural	O
condition	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
partly	O
right	O
.	O


The	O
idea	O
that	O
two	B-CARDINAL
or	I-CARDINAL
more	I-CARDINAL
kinds	O
of	O
ultimate	O
artistic	O
reality	O
could	O
comfortably	O
coexist	O
has	O
n't	O
always	O
been	O
in	O
vogue	O
.	O


Twentieth	B-DATE
century	I-DATE
art	O
was	O
long	O
charted	O
as	O
an	O
almost	O
linear	O
succession	O
of	O
``	O
isms	O
''	O
--	O
from	O
Fauvism	O
in	O
1905	B-DATE
to	O
Abstract	O
Expressionism	O
in	O
the	O
1950s	B-DATE
--	O
discrete	O
movements	O
that	O
each	O
expressed	O
its	O
own	O
unitary	O
view	O
of	O
things	O
.	O


The	O
monolithic	O
view	O
that	O
had	O
congealed	O
by	O
the	O
1960s	B-DATE
was	O
a	O
belief	O
that	O
the	O
eye	O
held	O
dominion	O
over	O
art	O
.	O


That	O
limited	O
judgment	O
was	O
toppled	O
by	O
Conceptualism	O
,	O
which	O
devalued	O
everything	O
visual	O
in	O
art	O
and	O
instead	O
polished	O
up	O
the	O
stature	O
of	O
ideas	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
idea	O
becomes	O
the	O
machine	O
that	O
makes	O
the	O
art	O
,	O
''	O
Sol	B-PERSON
LeWitt	I-PERSON
famously	O
wrote	O
in	O
1967	B-DATE
to	O
explain	O
Conceptual	O
art	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
idea	O
could	O
range	O
far	O
and	O
wide	O
,	O
encompassing	O
virtually	O
any	O
subject	O
,	O
attitude	O
or	O
experience	O
one	O
might	O
imagine	O
.	O


Looking	O
back	O
from	O
today	O
's	O
art	O
world	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
a	O
slightly	O
different	O
history	O
of	O
eclectic	O
art	O
suggests	O
itself	O
.	O


Conceptual	O
art	O
does	O
n't	O
mark	O
the	O
decisive	O
break	O
,	O
just	O
the	O
elaboration	O
and	O
consolidation	O
of	O
an	O
idea	O
already	O
in	O
play	O
.	O


Pop	O
art	O
marks	O
the	O
most	O
profound	O
rupture	O
.	O


The	O
landmark	O
exhibition	O
of	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Rauschenberg	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
1950s	B-DATE
hybrids	O
of	O
painting	O
and	O
sculpture	O
that	O
closed	O
recently	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
Museum	I-FAC
of	I-FAC
Contemporary	I-FAC
Art	I-FAC
convinced	O
me	O
of	O
that	O
.	O


Rauschenberg	B-PERSON
,	O
together	O
with	O
Jasper	B-PERSON
Johns	I-PERSON
,	O
set	O
the	O
stage	O
for	O
Pop	O
.	O


Their	O
work	O
undermined	O
art	O
's	O
established	O
structure	O
.	O


Pop	O
art	O
tipped	O
it	O
over	O
.	O


With	O
its	O
commercial	O
subject	O
matter	O
,	O
pitch	O
-	O
perfect	O
sense	O
of	O
style	O
,	O
wicked	O
humor	O
,	O
easy	O
sociability	O
and	O
serious	O
refusal	O
to	O
take	O
art	O
too	O
seriously	O
,	O
Pop	O
made	O
hash	O
of	O
the	O
rigid	O
hierarchy	O
of	O
high	O
art	O
-LRB-	O
painting	O
,	O
sculpture	O
,	O
drawing	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
low	O
art	O
-LRB-	O
TV	O
,	O
tabloids	O
,	O
photographs	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


An	O
entrenched	O
legacy	O
of	O
an	O
aristocratic	O
worldview	O
,	O
this	O
hierarchy	O
of	O
high	O
and	O
low	O
was	O
traded	O
in	O
for	O
a	O
more	O
fluid	O
,	O
porous	O
pecking	O
order	O
.	O


The	O
early	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
'60s	I-DATE
work	O
of	O
Andy	B-PERSON
Warhol	I-PERSON
,	O
Edward	B-PERSON
Ruscha	I-PERSON
and	O
Roy	B-PERSON
Lichtenstein	I-PERSON
is	O
as	O
brainy	O
as	O
the	O
existential	O
subjects	O
of	O
the	O
Abstract	O
Expressionist	O
artists	O
that	O
preceded	O
them	O
,	O


and	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
as	O
dumb	O
as	O
the	O
Sunday	B-DATE
funnies	O
are	O
.	O


That	O
's	O
about	O
as	O
eclectic	O
as	O
a	O
work	O
of	O
art	O
can	O
be	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
place	O
the	O
breadth	O
and	O
scope	O
of	O
the	O
contemporary	O
art	O
scene	O
is	O
creating	O
increasing	O
pressures	O
is	O
in	O
museums	O
.	O


Few	O
were	O
engaged	O
with	O
contemporary	O
art	O
30	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE
,	O


but	O
many	O
have	O
waded	O
in	O
,	O
desirous	O
of	O
the	O
energy	O
and	O
public	O
interest	O
that	O
come	O
with	O
the	O
territory	O
.	O


Few	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
are	O
equipped	O
to	O
handle	O
the	O
lively	O
situation	O
since	O
it	O
contradicts	O
the	O
orderly	O
traditions	O
of	O
institutional	O
structure	O
.	O


Nowhere	O
has	O
the	O
problem	O
been	O
more	O
keenly	O
felt	O
than	O
in	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
,	O
center	O
of	O
not	O
just	O
the	O
art	O
market	O
and	O
art	O
media	O
but	O
traditional	O
museum	O
culture	O
.	O


Contemporary	O
programming	O
at	O
the	O
Guggenheim	B-FAC
,	O
the	O
Metropolitan	B-FAC
,	O
the	O
Modern	B-FAC
and	O
Whitney	B-FAC
can	O
most	O
charitably	O
be	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
train	O
wreck	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
what	O
's	O
going	O
on	O
with	O
contemporary	O
art	O
these	O
days	O
?	O


It	O
's	O
a	O
post-Pop	O
world	O
,	O
``	O
ism	O
''	O
-	O
free	O
and	O
with	O
no	O
end	O
in	O
sight	O
.	O


Pop	O
culture	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
synonymous	O
with	O
mass	O
culture	O
,	O


but	O
in	O
the	O
era	O
of	O
500	B-CARDINAL
cable	O
channels	O
,	O
iPods	B-PRODUCT
and	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
broadcasting	O
has	O
faltered	O
and	O
been	O
joined	O
by	O
vibrant	O
narrowcasting	O
.	O


Contemporary	O
art	O
's	O
avid	O
audience	O
now	O
approaches	O
in	O
size	O
the	O
ratings	O
for	O
HBO	B-ORG
's	O
latest	O
hit	O
.	O


America	B-GPE
's	O
political	O
battles	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
may	O
center	O
on	O
attempts	O
to	O
repeal	O
or	O
defend	O
the	O
dramatic	O
changes	O
wrought	O
during	O
the	O
1960s	B-DATE
,	O
but	O
our	O
robust	O
artistic	O
bounty	O
today	O
is	O
its	O
resplendent	O
legacy	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
christopher.knight@latimes.com	O
-RRB-	O


Last	O
tango	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE


Paris	B-GPE
was	O
once	O
the	O
sex	O
capital	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


But	O
a	O
crackdown	O
on	O
prostitution	O
and	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
porn	O
megastores	O
are	O
destroying	O
a	O
unique	O
,	O
secret	O
heritage	O
.	O


Andrew	B-PERSON
Hussey	I-PERSON
reports	O


Every	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
week	O
,	O
from	O
mid-morning	B-TIME
until	O
the	B-TIME
early	I-TIME
hours	I-TIME
,	O
the	B-FAC
Club	I-FAC
88	I-FAC
on	O
rue	B-FAC
Saint	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Denis	I-FAC
in	O
central	O
Paris	B-GPE
does	O
a	O
brisk	O
trade	O
.	O


From	O
the	O
outside	O
at	O
least	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
little	O
to	O
distinguish	O
it	O
from	O
the	O
dozen	B-CARDINAL
or	I-CARDINAL
so	I-CARDINAL
rival	O
sex	O
shops	O
which	O
line	O
the	O
streets	O
in	O
this	O
part	O
of	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
in	O
between	O
the	O
stalls	O
flogging	O
cheap	O
hip	O
-	O
hop	O
gear	O
and	O
drugs	O
paraphernalia	O
.	O


This	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
has	O
always	O
had	O
a	O
seedy	O
reputation	O
.	O


Since	O
the	B-DATE
Middle	I-DATE
Ages	I-DATE
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
haunt	O
of	O
hustlers	O
,	O
thieves	O
and	O
whores	O
-	O


the	O
street	O
signs	O
around	O
here	O
give	O
the	O
game	O
away	O
-LRB-	O
la	B-FAC
rue	I-FAC
de	I-FAC
la	I-FAC
Grande	I-FAC
Truanderie	I-FAC
-	O
``	O
the	O
street	O
of	O
great	O
criminality	O
''	O
,	O
named	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
15th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
is	O
still	O
home	O
to	O
evil	O
-	O
looking	O
dope	O
dealers	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
upper	O
end	O
of	O
rue	B-FAC
Saint	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Denis	I-FAC
is	O
lined	O
day	O
and	O
night	O
with	O
prostitutes	O
of	O
all	O
prices	O
and	O
races	O
.	O


The	O
lower	O
end	O
is	O
less	O
lively	O
but	O
nonetheless	O
grim	O
.	O


As	O
recently	O
as	O
the	O
1970s	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
vast	O
outdoor	O
market	O
of	O
Les	B-FAC
Halles	I-FAC
was	O
finally	O
pulled	O
down	O
,	O
it	O
still	O
enjoyed	O
a	O
reputation	O
for	O
gamey	O
,	O
sinful	O
pleasures	O
.	O


Now	O
that	O
Les	B-FAC
Halles	I-FAC
has	O
been	O
replaced	O
by	O
a	O
shopping	O
mall	O
,	O
this	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
is	O
avoided	O
by	O
most	O
native	O
Parisians	B-NORP
and	O
abandoned	O
to	O
tourists	O
and	O
banlieusards	O
-	O
the	O
kids	O
from	O
the	O
wretched	O
council	O
estates	O
surrounding	O
Paris	B-GPE
who	O
come	O
here	O
by	O
a	O
fast	O
,	O
direct	O
train	O
to	O
get	O
wrecked	O
and	O
cause	O
low	O
-	O
level	O
trouble	O
.	O


The	O
bleak	O
surroundings	O
make	O
it	O
all	O
the	O
more	O
remarkable	O
that	O
Club	B-FAC
88	I-FAC
and	O
its	O
rival	O
sex	O
megastores	O
have	O
become	O
the	O
latest	O
battlefield	O
in	O
Parisian	B-NORP
culture	O
wars	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
one	B-CARDINAL
side	O
are	O
young	O
intellectuals	O
of	O
-LRB-	O
usually	O
-RRB-	O
the	O
radical	O
left	O
who	O
embrace	O
porn	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
its	O
wildest	O
forms	O
,	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
libertarian	O
philosophy	O
.	O


This	O
explains	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
how	O
Philippe	B-PERSON
Azoury	I-PERSON
for	O
the	O
ultra-hip	O
magazine	O
Les	B-ORG
Inrockuptibles	I-ORG
,	O
evoking	O
the	O
writer	O
and	O
erotomaniac	O
Georges	B-PERSON
Bataille	I-PERSON
as	O
his	O
guide	O
,	O
can	O
-	O
without	O
any	O
shred	O
of	O
irony	O
-	O
describe	O
Club	B-FAC
88	I-FAC
as	O
``	O
probably	O
the	O
best	O
club	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
''	O
on	O
the	O
grounds	O
that	O
it	O
offers	O
both	O
pleasure	O
and	O
excitement	O
open	O
to	O
all	O
.	O


A	O
quick	O
tour	O
around	O
Club	B-FAC
88	I-FAC
reveals	O
the	O
truth	O
of	O
this	O
statement	O
.	O


Although	O
the	O
exterior	O
is	O
discreet	O
and	O
vaguely	O
stylish	O
,	O
inside	O
,	O
beyond	O
the	O
rows	O
of	O
standard	O
specialist	O
material	O
-LRB-	O
bestiality	O
to	O
coprophilia	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
labyrinth	O
of	O
cubicles	O
,	O
private	O
rooms	O
and	O
viewing	O
areas	O
.	O


The	O
central	O
area	O
is	O
patrolled	O
by	O
girls	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
whom	O
seem	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
French	B-NORP
,	O
but	O
who	O
cheerfully	O
offer	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
languages	O
,	O
a	O
sex	O
massage	O
.	O


A	O
Tannoy	B-PRODUCT
reminds	O
the	O
idling	O
would	O
-	O
be	O
customer	O
that	O
``	O
l'	O
amour	O
sur	O
scene	O
''	O
takes	O
place	O
at	O
regular	O
intervals	O
if	O
enough	O
tickets	O
are	O
sold	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
upper	O
floors	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
dimly	O
-	O
lit	O
and	O
apparently	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
as	O
disorientating	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
see	O
over	O
400	B-CARDINAL
different	O
porn	O
films	O
an	O
hour	O
on	O
the	O
multi-screen	O
channels	O
.	O


There	O
are	O
dungeons	O
and	O
ante-chambers	O
to	O
God	O
knows	O
what	O
.	O


Business	O
reaches	O
a	O
peak	O
at	O
lunch	O
-	O
times	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
evening	O
-	O


this	O
is	O
when	O
you	O
notice	O
most	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
sociability	O
and	O
the	O
buzz	O
of	O
the	O
crowds	O
-LRB-	O
mostly	O
male	O
it	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
said	O
but	O
with	O
a	O
surprising	O
number	O
of	O
couples	O
,	O
chatty	O
lesbians	O
and	O
lone	O
females	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
sex	O
megastore	O
is	O
now	O
a	O
staple	O
feature	O
in	O
the	O
famous	O
red	O
-	O
light	O
districts	O
of	O
Paris	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
other	O
big	O
names	O
here	O
include	O
Scarlet	B-FAC
and	O
Sexodrome	B-FAC
in	I-FAC
Pigalle	I-FAC
-RRB-	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
DVD	O
viewing	O
cabins	O
,	O
the	O
lifts	O
and	O
escalators	O
,	O
the	O
mumsy	O
female	O
staff	O
and	O
the	O
credit	O
-	O
card	O
friendly	O
ambience	O
which	O
make	O
them	O
feel	O
like	O
a	O
particularly	O
kinky	O
branch	O
of	O
Waterstones	B-FAC
,	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
universally	O
popular	O
.	O


The	O
problem	O
here	O
,	O
the	O
argument	O
runs	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
nothing	O
specifically	O
``	O
Parisian	B-NORP
''	O
about	O
this	O
environment	O
.	O


More	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
,	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
the	O
sex	O
megastore	O
has	O
gone	O
hand	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
hand	O
with	O
Nicolas	B-PERSON
Sarkozy	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
loudly	O
stated	O
mission	O
to	O
clean	O
up	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


This	O
began	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
summer	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
2002	I-DATE
when	O
Sarkozy	B-PERSON
,	O
then	O
Minister	O
of	O
the	O
Interior	O
,	O
introduced	O
harsh	O
fines	O
on	O
streetwalkers	O
around	O
rue	B-FAC
Saint	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Denis	I-FAC
.	O


Those	O
he	O
hit	O
hardest	O
were	O
the	O
independent	O
working	O
women	O
,	O
almost	O
all	O
of	O
whom	O
were	O
native	O
Parisian	B-NORP
-	O
working	O
class	O
women	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
les	O
traditionelles	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
traditional	O
ones	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


These	O
girls	O
were	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
parigotes	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
parigot	O
is	O
the	O
rough	O
Parisian	B-NORP
equivalent	O
of	O
a	O
cockney	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
prized	O
for	O
their	O
gouaille	O
,	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
sarcastic	O
wit	O
.	O


The	O
traditionelles	O
of	O
rue	B-FAC
Saint	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Denis	I-FAC
found	O
themselves	O
driven	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
centre	O
by	O
the	O
harsh	O
laws	O
on	O
street	O
-	O
walking	O
.	O


Many	O
were	O
reduced	O
to	O
working	O
out	O
of	O
vans	O
parked	O
at	O
Porte	B-FAC
Dauphine	I-FAC
or	O
Vincennes	B-FAC
,	O
hoping	O
to	O
pick	O
up	O
trade	O
from	O
passing	O
motorists	O
.	O


The	O
newspaper	O
Le	B-ORG
Parisien	I-ORG
reported	O
angrily	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
on	O
which	O
these	O
native	O
Parisians	B-NORP
were	O
being	O
driven	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
replaced	O
by	O
girls	O
from	O
sub-Saharan	B-LOC
Africa	I-LOC
run	O
by	O
gangs	O
from	O
Kosovo	B-GPE
and	O
Romania	B-GPE
.	O


Le	B-ORG
Parisien	I-ORG
did	O
its	O
best	O
to	O
explain	O
that	O
its	O
complaints	O
were	O
not	O
driven	O
by	O
racism	O
but	O
that	O
traditionelles	O
were	O
as	O
Parisian	B-NORP
as	O
steak	O
-	O
frites	O
,	O
cheap	O
red	O
wine	O
and	O
Gauloises	O
cigarettes	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
when	O
they	O
left	O
,	O
the	O
city	O
had	O
lost	O
a	O
vital	O
component	O
of	O
its	O
underground	O
culture	O
.	O


The	O
likes	O
of	O
``	O
Sandrine	B-PERSON
''	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
worked	O
rue	B-FAC
Saint	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Denis	I-FAC
for	O
nearly	B-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
complained	O
in	O
the	O
press	O
that	O
,	O
not	O
only	O
was	O
she	O
being	O
driven	O
to	O
penury	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
the	O
city	O
was	O
losing	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
essential	O
character	O
.	O


She	O
clearly	O
hit	O
a	O
nerve	O
;	O
the	O
likes	O
of	O
Club	B-FAC
88	I-FAC
,	O
it	O
was	O
argued	O
by	O
those	O
who	O
took	O
up	O
the	O
traditionnelles	O
'	O
defence	O
,	O
could	O
be	O
anywhere	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
from	O
Barcelona	B-GPE
to	O
Hamburg	B-GPE
.	O


At	O
stake	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
further	O
argued	O
as	O
the	O
old	O
generation	O
of	O
whores	O
began	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
city	O
in	O
droves	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
very	O
soul	O
of	O
Paris	B-GPE
itself	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
easy	O
to	O
see	O
this	O
as	O
a	O
typically	O
Gallic	B-NORP
overstatement	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
a	O
fact	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
prostitution	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
is	O
,	O
for	O
many	O
,	O
inextricably	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
political	O
fortunes	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


This	O
tradition	O
can	O
be	O
traced	O
to	O
18th	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
Enlightenment	O
ideology	O
and	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
class	O
of	O
thinkers	O
,	O
the	O
libertins	O
,	O
who	O
were	O
avowedly	O
atheist	O
and	O
sceptical	O
about	O
all	O
other	O
entrenched	O
beliefs	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
monarchy	O
.	O


During	O
this	O
period	O
,	O
the	O
city	O
swarmed	O
with	O
whores	O
and	O
to	O
call	O
for	O
their	O
suppression	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
favour	O
of	O
Church	O
and	O
King	O
and	O
other	O
superstitions	O
.	O


The	O
growth	O
of	O
widespread	O
prostitution	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
was	O
paralleled	O
by	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
literary	O
genre	O
of	O
pornography	O
.	O


Much	O
early	O
pornography	O
was	O
entirely	O
functional	O
,	O
providing	O
a	O
guide	O
to	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
brothels	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Le	B-FAC
Gros	I-FAC
Millan	I-FAC
on	O
rue	B-FAC
du	I-FAC
Beaujolais	I-FAC
or	O
Le	B-FAC
Grand	I-FAC
Balcon	I-FAC
on	O
rue	B-FAC
de	I-FAC
la	I-FAC
Croix	I-FAC
des	I-FAC
Petits	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Champs	I-FAC
.	O


The	O
genre	O
soon	O
became	O
an	O
entertainment	O
in	O
its	O
own	O
right	O
and	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
police	O
energy	O
was	O
wasted	O
on	O
pursuing	O
printers	O
,	O
publishers	O
and	O
readers	O
of	O
work	O
that	O
was	O
deemed	O
to	O
be	O
anti-Christian	B-NORP
and	O
anti-social	O
but	O
which	O
most	O
Parisians	B-NORP
found	O
as	O
life	O
-	O
enhancing	O
as	O
any	O
of	O
their	O
other	O
pleasures	O
.	O


Popular	O
titles	O
such	O
as	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Nun	I-WORK_OF_ART
in	I-WORK_OF_ART
her	I-WORK_OF_ART
Nightdress	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
John	B-WORK_OF_ART
,	I-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Fucker	I-WORK_OF_ART
Debauched	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
were	O
both	O
bestsellers	O
and	O
intellectually	O
respectable	O
in	O
the	O
18th	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
city	O
.	O


During	O
the	B-EVENT
Revolution	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
1789	I-EVENT
,	O
the	B-FAC
Palais	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Royal	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
great	O
colonnaded	O
space	O
then	O
at	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
played	O
host	O
to	O
nightly	O
sex	O
shows	O
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
special	O
amusements	O
in	O
the	O
brothels	O
on	O
the	O
upper	O
floors	O
was	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
sosies	O
de	O
vedette	O
,	O
whores	O
who	O
looked	O
like	O
or	O
dressed	O
up	O
as	O
famous	O
women	O
of	O
the	O
day	O
.	O


Sexual	O
activity	O
only	O
intensified	O
during	O
the	O
height	O
of	O
the	O
Terror	B-EVENT
,	O
when	O
the	O
girls	O
wore	O
red	O
,	O
white	O
and	O
blue	O
bonnets	O
and	O
offered	O
a	O
special	O
price	O
to	O
the	O
top	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Assembly	B-ORG
.	O


The	O
real	O
point	O
was	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
that	O
liberty	O
,	O
equality	O
and	O
unbridled	O
sexuality	O
were	O
all	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
indissoluble	O
Rights	O
of	O
Man	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
this	O
tradition	O
of	O
mixing	O
high	O
political	O
idealism	O
and	O
low	O
carnal	O
pleasures	O
which	O
informed	O
the	O
Parisian	B-NORP
sexual	O
underground	O
of	O
the	O
1920s	B-DATE
and	O
1930s	B-DATE
,	O
which	O
was	O
documented	O
by	O
the	O
likes	O
of	O
the	O
philosopher	O
Georges	B-PERSON
Bataille	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
photographer	O
Georges	B-PERSON
Brassai	I-PERSON
.	O


Bataille	B-PERSON
declared	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
one	O
of	O
his	O
most	O
famous	O
texts	O
:	O
``	O
whoever	O
is	O
afraid	O
of	O
whisky	O
,	O
naked	O
girls	O
and	O
the	O
obscene	O
will	O
never	O
understand	O
my	O
philosophy	O
''	O
.	O


The	O
erotic	O
life	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
during	O
this	O
period	O
-	O
when	O
the	O
likes	O
of	O
Bataille	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
friends	O
and	O
lovers	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
poet	O
Colette	B-PERSON
Peignot	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
his	O
lover	O
and	O
intellectual	O
muse	O
was	O
an	O
eager	O
participant	O
in	O
these	O
adventures	O
-RRB-	O
could	O
buy	O
a	O
whole	O
orgy	O
at	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
clubs	O
on	O
rue	O
Saint	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
Denis	I-FAC
-	O
was	O
beautifully	O
photographed	O
by	O
Brassai	B-PERSON
and	O
enhanced	O
Paris	B-GPE
's	O
reputation	O
as	O
a	O
city	O
of	O
endless	O
erotic	O
powers	O
.	O


This	O
subterranean	O
sexual	O
city	O
was	O
effectively	O
wiped	O
out	O
by	O
1946	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
the	O
authorities	O
,	O
disgusted	O
by	O
the	O
close	O
relationships	O
between	O
brothel	O
owners	O
and	O
the	O
occupying	O
German	B-NORP
forces	O
,	O
shut	O
down	O
more	O
than	O
180	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
notorious	O
maison	O
closes	O
-	O
the	O
legal	O
brothels	O
scattered	O
throughout	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
but	O
especially	O
clustered	O
around	O
rue	B-FAC
Saint	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Denis	I-FAC
.	O


This	O
was	O
done	O
on	O
the	O
orders	O
of	O
the	O
politician	O
Marthe	B-PERSON
Richard	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
had	O
herself	O
been	O
a	O
prostitute	O
and	O
spy	O
.	O


These	O
establishments	O
,	O
including	O
such	O
famous	O
names	O
as	O
Le	B-FAC
Chabanais	I-FAC
-LRB-	O
which	O
dated	O
back	O
to	O
1820	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
Le	B-FAC
Sphinx	I-FAC
,	O
Le	B-FAC
One	I-FAC
Two	I-FAC
Two	I-FAC
-LRB-	O
this	O
has	O
survived	O
into	O
the	B-DATE
21st	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
as	O
a	O
swingers	O
'	O
club	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
were	O
not	O
only	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
Parisian	B-NORP
folklore	O
but	O
had	O
stood	O
as	O
elaborate	O
and	O
rich	O
monuments	O
to	O
all	O
forms	O
of	O
human	O
sexual	O
activity	O
.	O


Somewhere	O
such	O
as	O
Le	B-FAC
Sphinx	I-FAC
or	O
Le	B-FAC
One	I-FAC
Two	I-FAC
Two	I-FAC
not	O
only	O
offered	O
the	O
regular	O
forms	O
of	O
coupling	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
bought	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
but	O
specialised	O
in	O
``	O
shows	O
''	O
and	O
``	O
spectacles	O
''	O
constructed	O
to	O
the	O
whim	O
of	O
clients	O
,	O
who	O
dined	O
well	O
in	O
the	O
attached	O
restaurants	O
as	O
a	O
prelude	O
to	O
more	O
carnal	O
pleasures	O
.	O


The	O
debates	O
around	O
the	O
closure	O
of	O
the	O
brothels	O
are	O
still	O
,	O
surprisingly	O
,	O
very	O
much	O
a	O
live	O
issue	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
.	O


One	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
powerful	O
cases	O
made	O
in	O
favour	O
of	O
them	O
has	O
been	O
regularly	O
made	O
since	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
by	O
Michele	B-PERSON
Barzach	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
Conservative	B-NORP
ex-minister	O
for	O
health	O
,	O
who	O
argued	O
for	O
controlled	O
brothels	O
,	O
both	O
gay	O
and	O
straight	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
dealing	O
with	O
Aids	O
.	O


The	O
enemies	O
of	O
this	O
coalition	O
are	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
surprisingly	O
not	O
all	O
the	O
puritans	O
of	O
the	O
Right	O
or	O
the	O
``	O
new	O
Left	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
although	O
Segolene	B-PERSON
Royal	I-PERSON
,	O
the	B-ORG
Socialist	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
president	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
waiting	O
does	O
campaign	O
on	O
an	O
anti-porn	O
agenda	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


They	O
are	O
also	O
often	O
artists	O
and	O
writers	O
,	O
usually	O
of	O
an	O
older	O
generation	O
.	O


More	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
,	O
they	O
too	O
would	O
describe	O
themselves	O
as	O
keen	O
on	O
sexual	O
transgression	O
if	O
not	O
as	O
downright	O
erotomaniacs	O
.	O


They	O
include	O
the	O
likes	O
of	O
Yves	B-PERSON
Trentret	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
academic	O
and	O
satirical	O
novelist	O
,	O
who	O
deplores	O
the	O
commercialised	O
,	O
``	O
industrial	O
erotica	O
''	O
of	O
rue	B-FAC
Saint	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Denis	I-FAC
.	O


``	O
I	O
am	O
of	O
a	O
generation	O
that	O
can	O
just	O
remember	O
the	O
erotic	O
life	O
of	O
Paris	B-GPE
as	O
it	O
was	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
says	O
when	O
we	O
meet	O
in	O
a	O
mainly	O
Algerian	B-NORP
bar	O
,	O
L'	B-FAC
Aec	I-FAC
en	I-FAC
ciel	I-FAC
,	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
13th	I-LOC
arrondissement	I-LOC
,	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
stock	O
of	O
mainly	O
Arab	B-NORP
whores	O
,	O
``	O
But	O
that	O
way	O
of	O
life	O
has	O
gone	O
for	O
ever	O
.	O


Paris	B-GPE
was	O
once	O
known	O
throughout	O
the	O
world	O
as	O
the	O
capital	O
of	O
sex	O
,	O
but	O
even	O
if	O
foreigners	O
come	O
now	O
,	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
find	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
looking	O
for	O
.	O


For	O
me	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
worse	O
still	O
that	O
the	O
younger	O
generation	O
who	O
celebrate	O
hard	O
-	O
core	O
porn	O
do	O
not	O
seem	O
to	O
realise	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
celebrating	O
hard	O
-	O
core	O
values	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
these	O
are	O
the	O
values	O
of	O
hard	O
-	O
core	O
,	O
globalised	O
capitalism	O
.	O
''	O


This	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
argument	O
made	O
by	O
the	O
film	O
director	O
and	O
porn	O
actress	O
Ovidie	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
came	O
to	O
national	O
prominence	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
in	O
2002	B-DATE
with	O
her	O
book	O
Porno	B-WORK_OF_ART
Manifesto	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
a	O
polemic	O
in	O
defence	O
of	O
porn	O
.	O


Ovidie	B-PERSON
's	O
big	O
idea	O
then	O
was	O
that	O
everyday	O
Parisian	B-NORP
life	O
had	O
been	O
invaded	O
by	O
``	O
porno	O
chic	O
''	O
-	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
pornographic	O
imagery	O
in	O
advertising	O
-	O
and	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
betrayal	O
of	O
the	O
intentions	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
,	O
like	O
her	O
,	O
both	O
used	O
prostitutes	O
and	O
made	O
``	O
real	O
porn	O
''	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
then	O
writing	O
a	O
book	O
about	O
Paris	B-GPE
which	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
set	O
out	O
to	O
cover	O
the	O
underground	O
sexuality	O
of	O
the	O
city	O


and	O
,	O
inspired	O
by	O
her	O
call	O
for	O
a	O
return	O
to	O
older	O
Parisian	B-NORP
traditions	O
of	O
sexual	O
experience	O
,	O
I	O
went	O
to	O
speak	O
to	O
Ovidie	B-PERSON
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
on	O
a	O
chilly	O
September	B-DATE
morning	O
in	O
a	O
cafe	O
near	O
rue	B-FAC
Saint	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Denis	I-FAC
.	O


In	O
those	O
days	O
,	O
Ovidie	B-PERSON
was	O
tiny	O
,	O
pierced	O
and	O
dressed	O
in	O
black	O
pyjamas	O
like	O
a	O
junior	O
Maoist	B-NORP
.	O
She	O
began	O
by	O
quoting	O
the	O
contemporary	O
thinkers	O
Jean	B-PERSON
Baudrillard	I-PERSON
,	O
Georges	B-PERSON
Bataille	I-PERSON
and	O
Guy	O
Debord	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
,	O
all	O
in	O
different	O
ways	O
,	O
made	O
the	O
case	O
for	O
sexual	O
freedom	O
,	O
and	O
cited	O
the	O
popularity	O
of	O
porn	O
in	O
pre-Revolutionary	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
before	O
explaining	O
her	O
notion	O
that	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
universal	O
need	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
hands	O
,	O
``	O
porn	O
can	O
set	O
you	O
free	O
''	O
.	O


Ovidie	B-GPE
went	O
on	O
:	O


pornography	O
,	O
she	O
said	O
,	O
was	O
about	O
nothing	O
more	O
than	O
the	O
promise	O
of	O
human	O
happiness	O
.	O


The	O
physical	O
and	O
economic	O
exploitation	O
that	O
are	O
undeniably	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
sex	O
industry	O
,	O
she	O
said	O
,	O
are	O
wrong	O
only	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
a	O
betrayal	O
of	O
this	O
original	O
,	O
quite	O
innocent	O
trust	O
.	O


The	O
exploitation	O
of	O
women	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
she	O
said	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
betrayal	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
liberating	O
aims	O
of	O
18th	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
pornography	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
this	O
egalitarian	O
philosophy	O
that	O
Ovidie	B-PERSON
claimed	O
to	O
recapture	O
in	O
her	O
work	O
.	O


This	O
did	O
not	O
preclude	O
payment	O
:	O
indeed	O
quite	O
the	O
opposite	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
have	O
sex	O
for	O
money	O
,	O
''	O
Ovidie	B-PERSON
said	O
,	O


''	O
and	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
that	O
demands	O
respect	O
.	O
''	O


I	O
met	O
Ovidie	B-PERSON
again	O
a	O
few	O
weeks	O
back	O
in	O
Neuilly	B-LOC
,	O
the	O
posh	O
part	O
of	O
Paris	B-GPE
where	O
she	O
now	O
lives	O
-	O
presumably	O
having	O
made	O
a	O
packet	O
from	O
her	O
films	O
with	O
titles	O
like	O
Orgie	B-WORK_OF_ART
en	I-WORK_OF_ART
Noir	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
Lilith	B-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


It	O
was	O
three	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
since	O
we	O
had	O
last	O
met	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
now	O
a	O
mother	O
.	O


She	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
little	O
heftier	O
around	O
the	O
edges	O
but	O
still	O
with	O
a	O
definitive	O
view	O
on	O
her	O
own	O
activities	O
and	O
the	O
present	O
state	O
of	O
sex	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
problem	O
is	O
with	O
Paris	B-GPE
itself	O
,	O
and	O
probably	O
France	B-GPE
itself	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
told	O
me	O
.	O


``	O
They	O
are	O
both	O
changing	O
for	O
the	O
worse	O
.	O


Parisians	B-NORP
are	O
unhappy	O


and	O
that	O
is	O
expressed	O
in	O
their	O
sexuality	O
.	O


A	O
place	O
like	O
rue	B-FAC
Saint	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Denis	I-FAC
represents	O
everything	O
that	O
has	O
gone	O
wrong	O
-	O


it	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
place	O
to	O
go	O
and	O
have	O
sex	O
happily	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
person	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
couple	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
now	O
just	O
gangsters	O
and	O
girls	O
who	O
are	O
sex	O
slaves	O
from	O
Eastern	B-LOC
Europe	I-LOC
and	O
Africa	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
myths	O
of	O
the	O
orgies	O
to	O
be	O
found	O
there	O
,	O
that	O
you	O
read	O
in	O
Georges	B-PERSON
Bataille	I-PERSON
,	O
may	O
not	O
have	O
been	O
entirely	O
true	O


but	O
they	O
did	O
correspond	O
to	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
reality	O
.	O


Now	O
it	O
is	O
practically	O
impossible	O
to	O
have	O
good	O
sex	O
with	O
strangers	O
in	O
Paris	B-PERSON
.	O
''	O


We	O
talked	O
of	O
the	O
vogue	O
for	O
echangisme	O
-LRB-	O
''	O
swinging	O
''	O
-RRB-	O
which	O
was	O
in	O
vogue	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
in	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
and	O
-	O
as	O
famously	O
documented	O
in	O
the	O
memoirs	O
of	O
Catherine	B-PERSON
Millet	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
novels	O
of	O
Michel	B-PERSON
Houellebecq	I-PERSON
-	O
is	O
far	O
from	O
being	O
the	O
naff	O
and	O
suburban	O
activity	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
in	O
Great	B-GPE
Britain	I-GPE
,	O
was	O
briefly	O
the	O
height	O
of	O
Parisian	B-NORP
chic	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
know	O
of	O
some	O
echangistes	O
clubs	O
that	O
are	O
still	O
charming	O
and	O
passionate	O
,	O
''	O
Ovidie	B-PERSON
says	O
,	O


``	O
but	O
really	O
all	O
that	O
too	O
has	O
gone	O
.	O


Catherine	B-PERSON
Millet	I-PERSON
is	O
intelligent	O
but	O
her	O
work	O
is	O
boring	O
.	O


And	O
Michel	B-PERSON
Houellebecq	I-PERSON
is	O
not	O
Georges	B-PERSON
Bataille	I-PERSON
-	O


he	O
is	O
really	O
a	O
moralist	O
and	O
his	O
work	O
does	O
not	O
celebrate	O
sex	O
like	O
Bataille	B-PERSON
but	O
condemns	O
it	O
.	O


So	O
why	O
read	O
Houellebecq	B-PERSON
or	O
Millet	B-PERSON
?	O


I	O
think	O
the	O
problem	O
is	O
political	O
.	O


French	B-NORP
people	O
despair	O
of	O
the	O
future	O
-	O
which	O
is	O
unstable	O
and	O
dark	O
-	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
too	O
morose	O
to	O
have	O
sex	O
properly	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
conversation	O
moves	O
on	O
to	O
a	O
discussion	O
of	O
rising	O
violence	O
in	O
the	O
suburbs	O
,	O
a	O
disintegrating	O
economy	O
and	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
a	O
political	O
solution	O
.	O


But	O
notwithstanding	O
the	O
prevailing	O
gloomy	O
moods	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
individual	O
Parisians	B-NORP
still	O
take	O
a	O
chauvinistic	O
pride	O
in	O
their	O
horror	O
of	O
prudery	O
.	O


They	O
still	O
lament	O
on	O
the	O
pages	O
of	O
Le	B-ORG
Parisien	I-ORG
not	O
only	O
how	O
the	O
old	O
-	O
style	O
whores	O
are	O
being	O
driven	O
from	O
the	O
city	O
but	O
how	O
,	O
over	O
centuries	O
,	O
people	O
's	O
pleasures	O
have	O
been	O
policed	O
by	O
town	O
-	O
planning	O
.	O


As	O
the	O
city	O
was	O
made	O
more	O
``	O
modern	O
''	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
19th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
also	O
governed	O
by	O
public	O
prudery	O
.	O


The	O
first	O
and	O
clearest	O
sign	O
of	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
changing	O
of	O
street	O
names	O
in	O
the	O
brothel	O
-	O
ridden	O
streets	O
of	O
Saint	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
Denis	I-FAC
and	O
Les	B-FAC
Halles	I-FAC
.	O


In	O
1809	B-DATE
,	O
rue	B-FAC
Tire	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Boudin	I-FAC
-LRB-	O
''	O
Sausage	O
-	O
Puller	O
street	O
''	O
-RRB-	O
became	O
rue	B-FAC
Marie	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Stuart	I-FAC
;	O


rue	B-FAC
Trousse	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Nonain	I-FAC
,	O
or	O
``	O
Tumble	O
-	O
Nun	O
street	O
''	O
,	O
already	O
disguised	O
in	O
official	O
documents	O
as	O
Tasse	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
Nonian	I-FAC
,	O
became	O
rue	B-FAC
Beaubourg	I-FAC
;	O


rue	B-FAC
de	I-FAC
la	I-FAC
Pute	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
y	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
muse	I-FAC
,	O
or	O
``	O
Idling	O
Tart	O
street	O
''	O
,	O
became	O
Petit	B-FAC
-	I-FAC
muse	I-FAC
,	O
while	O
the	O
scatological	O
collection	O
of	O
rues	B-FAC
Merdeuses	I-FAC
,	O
Merdelet	B-FAC
,	O
Chieurs	B-FAC
and	O
Chiards	B-FAC
all	O
disappeared	O
from	O
Haussmann	B-PERSON
's	O
new	O
maps	O
of	O
the	O
rational	O
and	O
hygienic	O
city	O
.	O


Nowadays	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
last	O
bastions	O
of	O
a	O
uniquely	O
Parisian	B-NORP
approach	O
to	O
sex	O
is	O
Le	B-FAC
Beverly	I-FAC
,	O
the	O
only	O
true	O
porno	O
cinema	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
centre	O
,	O
which	O
,	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
years	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
regularly	O
preparing	O
to	O
close	O
its	O
doors	O
for	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
.	O


This	O
cinema	O
stands	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
edge	O
of	O
the	O
red	O
-	O
light	O
district	O
of	O
rue	B-FAC
Saint	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Denis	I-FAC
,	O
almost	O
but	O
not	O
quite	O
in	O
the	O
rapidly	O
gentrifying	O
area	O
of	O
Montorgueil	B-LOC
St	I-LOC
-	I-LOC
Denis	I-LOC
.	O


Over	O
the	O
door	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
photograph	O
of	O
the	O
poet	O
Rimbaud	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
famous	O
line	O
``	O
Il	O
faut	O
reinventer	O
l	O
'amour	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
''	O
Love	O
must	O
be	O
reinvented	O
''	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


A	O
poster	O
in	O
felt	O
-	O
tip	O
pen	O
offers	O
special	O
rates	O
for	O
couples	O
on	O
Thursday	B-DATE
nights	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
-	O
style	O
porno	O
cinemas	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
were	O
swept	O
away	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	B-DATE
,	O
victims	O
of	O
the	O
booming	O
video	O
trade	O
and	O
the	O
regular	O
appearance	O
of	O
hard	O
-	O
core	O
porn	O
on	O
mainstream	O
television	O
.	O


Le	B-FAC
Beverly	I-FAC
somehow	O
struggled	O
through	O
the	O
1990s	B-DATE
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
customers	O
who	O
now	O
come	O
are	O
visibly	O
die	O
-	O
hards	O
.	O


Some	O
of	O
them	O
looked	O
too	O
old	O
to	O
be	O
even	O
interested	O
in	O
sex	O
.	O


Perhaps	O
they	O
come	O
for	O
companionship	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
loyalty	O
.	O


Others	O
look	O
sinister	O
and	O
sheepish	O
in	O
equal	O
measure	O
.	O


A	O
handful	O
of	O
third	B-ORDINAL
-	O
world	O
immigrants	O
sit	O
back	O
in	O
their	O
seats	O
,	O
smoking	O
.	O


Le	B-FAC
Beverly	I-FAC
has	O
never	O
been	O
respectable	O
-	O
the	O
atmosphere	O
in	O
the	O
pitch	O
-	O
black	O
salle	O
de	O
spectacle	O
is	O
tense	O
and	O
fervid	O
,	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
hint	O
of	O
real	O
physical	O
danger	O
.	O


But	O
to	O
visit	O
this	O
place	O
,	O
in	O
all	O
its	O
sleazy	O
glory	O
,	O
is	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
trip	O
to	O
a	O
bygone	O
era	O
:	O
a	O
time	O
-	O
maybe	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
1960s	B-DATE
or	O
1970s	B-DATE
-	O
when	O
showing	O
sex	O
in	O
a	O
public	O
space	O
was	O
a	O
real	O
transgression	O
and	O
possibly	O
a	O
real	O
thrill	O
.	O


These	O
days	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
short	O
stroll	O
down	O
rue	B-FAC
Saint	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Denis	I-FAC
or	O
through	O
the	O
back	O
streets	O
of	O
Pigalle	B-FAC
-	O
where	O
porn	O
DVDs	O
are	O
on	O
sale	O
at	O
knock	O
-	O
down	O
rates	O
-	O
reveals	O
the	O
opposite	O
is	O
true	O
.	O


I	O
left	O
the	O
Beverly	B-FAC
intrigued	O
but	O
not	O
quite	O
convinced	O
by	O
Ovidie	B-PERSON
's	O
argument	O
that	O
writing	O
or	O
screening	O
sex	O
is	O
in	O
itself	O
a	O
genuinely	O
subversive	O
statement	O
of	O
wilful	O
and	O
unrepentant	O
erotic	O
intent	O
.	O


This	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
case	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
18th	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
or	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
1970s	B-DATE
,	O


but	O
,	O
nowadays	O
,	O
I	O
felt	O
the	O
vision	O
of	O
the	O
writer	O
Michel	B-PERSON
Houellebecq	I-PERSON
-	O
who	O
,	O
in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
poems	O
,	O
brilliantly	O
describes	O
,	O
with	O
appalled	O
precision	O
,	O
the	O
deadly	O
routine	O
of	O
the	O
hand	O
-	O
jobs	O
and	O
peep	O
-	O
shows	O
available	O
to	O
fit	O
in	O
with	O
the	O
office	O
hours	O
of	O
the	O
central	O
city	O
-	O
was	O
indeed	O
a	O
more	O
grimly	O
accurate	O
vision	O
of	O
21st	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
Paris	B-GPE
.	O


``	O
Our	O
civilisation	O
suffers	O
from	O
vital	O
exhaustion	O
,	O
''	O
Houellebecq	B-PERSON
writes	O
elsewhere	O
,	O


``	O
We	O
need	O
adventure	O
and	O
eroticism	O
because	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
hear	O
ourselves	O
repeat	O
that	O
life	O
is	O
marvellous	O
and	O
exciting	O
;	O


and	O
it	O
's	O
abundantly	O
clear	O
that	O
we	O
rather	O
doubt	O
this	O
.	O
''	O


Paris	B-GPE
is	O
evidently	O
no	O
longer	O
the	O
capital	O
of	O
sex	O


but	O
it	O
is	O
mutating	O
into	O
something	O
else	O
;	O
an	O
international	O
sex	O
theme	O
park	O
.	O


As	O
I	O
walked	O
away	O
from	O
Club	B-FAC
88	I-FAC
and	O
then	O
Le	B-FAC
Beverly	I-FAC
,	O
it	O
seemed	O
to	O
me	O
that	O
this	O
theory	O
explained	O
the	O
strangely	O
drab	O
and	O
haunted	O
faces	O
on	O
the	O
whores	O
I	O
passed	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
end	O
of	O
rue	B-FAC
Saint	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Denis	I-FAC
.	O


-LRB-	O
'	O
Paris	B-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Secret	I-WORK_OF_ART
History	I-WORK_OF_ART
'	O
,	O
by	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
Hussey	I-PERSON
is	O
out	O
now	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


MICHAEL	B-PERSON
JACKSON	I-PERSON


MANCHILD	O
IN	O
A	O
PROMISED	O
LAND	O


by	O
ROBERT	B-PERSON
J.	I-PERSON
LEWIS	I-PERSON


He	O
's	O
such	O
an	O
easy	O
target	O
,	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
.	O


He	O
makes	O
even	O
the	O
weirdest	O
of	O
the	O
weird	O
feel	O
normal	O
.	O


But	O
unlike	O
them	O
,	O
Jackson	B-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
try	O
to	O
hide	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
easily	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
screwed	O
up	O
beings	O
on	O
the	O
planet	O
.	O


Every	O
time	O
he	O
checks	O
in	O
for	O
yet	O
another	O
surgery	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
announcing	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
who	O
he	O
is	O
,	O
where	O
he	O
is	O
going	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
thoroughly	O
loathes	O
himself	O
-	O
at	O
least	O
the	O
adult	O
version	O
.	O


And	O
for	O
his	O
remarkable	O
honesty	O
,	O
his	O
most	O
unprivate	O
confessions	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
subjected	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
public	O
humiliation	O
after	O
another	O
.	O


Who	O
among	O
us	O
rock	O
throwers	O
would	O
have	O
the	O
courage	O
to	O
reveal	O
about	O
ourselves	O
what	O
Michael	B-PERSON
has	O
revealed	O
about	O
himself	O
?	O


Next	O
to	O
the	O
towering	O
monument	O
that	O
the	O
unedited	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
is	O
we	O
are	O
telephone	O
booths	O
;	O


next	O
to	O
his	O
singular	O
guilelessness	O
and	O
candor	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
the	O
multitude	O
of	O
the	O
prevaricating	O
and	O
pusillanimous	O
.	O


Everything	O
Michael	B-PERSON
has	O
done	O
and	O
said	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
has	O
been	O
against	O
his	O
own	O
apparent	O
self	O
-	O
interest	O
,	O
beginning	O
with	O
unrelenting	O
surgical	O
assaults	O
on	O
his	O
erstwhile	O
good	O
looks	O
,	O
to	O
hanging	O
his	O
child	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
crotch	O
for	O
that	O
matter	O
-RRB-	O
out	O
to	O
dry	O
,	O
to	O
entering	O
details	O
of	O
his	O
bedroom	O
antics	O
into	O
the	O
public	O
domain	O
.	O


Like	O
a	O
typical	O
Dostoievksy	B-PERSON
character	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
not	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
behavior	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
n't	O
for	O
an	O
apparently	O
overriding	O
need	O
to	O
confess	O
and	O
proclaim	O
--	O
over	O
and	O
against	O
what	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
wants	O
to	O
believe	O
--	O
the	O
truth	O
of	O
who	O
we	O
are	O
.	O


The	O
on	O
-	O
going	O
spectacle	O
of	O
Michael	B-PERSON
's	O
increasingly	O
bizarre	O
conduct	O
is	O
his	O
confession	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
one	B-CARDINAL
spectacularly	O
psychologically	O
-	O
challenged	O
dude	O
.	O


Like	O
children	O
who	O
are	O
incapable	O
of	O
dissimulating	O
their	O
basic	O
wants	O
and	O
needs	O
,	O
Michael	B-PERSON
's	O
manner	O
of	O
being	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
is	O
uncensored	O
and	O
spontaneous	O
,	O


and	O
to	O
such	O
an	O
unsuspected	O
extent	O
I	O
propose	O
he	O
deserves	O
to	O
be	O
considered	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
most	O
authentic	O
beings	O
of	O
this	O
or	O
any	O
other	O
century	O
,	O
and	O
quite	O
properly	O
belongs	O
to	O
that	O
exceptional	O
society	O
of	O
authenticity	O
-	O
questers	O
that	O
would	O
include	O
Saint	B-PERSON
Augustine	I-PERSON
,	O
Pascal	B-PERSON
and	O
Heidegger	B-PERSON
.	O


The	O
facts	O
of	O
Michael	B-PERSON
's	O
life	O
have	O
been	O
well	O
documented	O
.	O


We	O
know	O
that	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
25	I-DATE
he	O
was	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Thriller	B-WORK_OF_ART
had	O
sold	O
an	O
unprecedented	O
50	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
copies	O
and	O
Billie	B-WORK_OF_ART
Jean	I-WORK_OF_ART
had	O
become	O
the	O
musical	O
drug	O
of	O
choice	O
in	O
every	O
corner	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O


Not	O
only	O
was	O
the	O
song	O
's	O
momentum	O
and	O
tension	O
brilliantly	O
crafted	O
and	O
fused	O
,	O
Michael	B-PERSON
's	O
riveting	O
,	O
counterpoint	O
choreography	O
-	O
which	O
remains	O
unsurpassed	O
--	O
revolutionized	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
simultaneously	O
look	O
at	O
and	O
listen	O
to	O
music	O
.	O


Before	O
disbelieving	O
eyes	O
,	O
his	O
torso	O
,	O
head	O
and	O
limbs	O
supplied	O
never	O
-	O
before	O
-	O
seen	O
anatomical	O
rejoinders	O
to	O
the	O
notes	O
--	O
like	O
a	O
guitarist	O
filling	O
in	O
between	O
the	O
lyrics	O
.	O


But	O
from	O
here	O
on	O
in	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
downhill	O
for	O
the	O
genre	O
's	O
quintessential	O
messenger	O
,	O
for	O
Michael	B-PERSON
could	O
no	O
longer	O
sustain	O
the	O
'	O
great	O
lie	O
'	O
he	O
was	O
living	O
.	O


The	O
child	O
's	O
'	O
tin	O
drum	O
'	O
was	O
beating	O
ever	O
louder	O
in	O
his	O
head	O


and	O
he	O
intuitively	O
understood	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
developmentally	O
under	O
-	O
equipped	O
to	O
handle	O
the	O
adult	O
pressures	O
of	O
stardom	O
.	O


Far	O
more	O
compelling	O
than	O
the	O
promise	O
of	O
even	O
greater	O
fame	O
and	O
fortune	O
was	O
the	O
example	O
of	O
Oskar	B-PERSON
,	O
from	O
Gunther	B-PERSON
Grass	I-PERSON
'	I-PERSON
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Tin	I-WORK_OF_ART
Drum	I-WORK_OF_ART
-LRB-	O
1959	B-DATE
-RRB-	O
,	O
which	O
tells	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
a	O
boy	O
who	O
refuses	O
to	O
grow	O
up	O
,	O
who	O
,	O
through	O
his	O
drumming	O
,	O
rejects	O
the	O
adult	O
world	O
and	O
the	O
horrors	O
taking	O
place	O
in	O
Nazi	B-NORP
Germany	B-GPE
.	O


Like	O
Oskar	B-PERSON
,	O
Michael	B-PERSON
had	O
witnessed	O
firsthand	B-ORDINAL
the	O
abominations	O
of	O
adult	O
behaviour	O
and	O
refused	O
to	O
sign	O
up	O
.	O


From	O
his	O
earliest	O
years	O
,	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
was	O
subjected	O
to	O
both	O
extreme	O
psychological	O
and	O
physical	O
abuse	O
at	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
his	O
status	O
-	O
obsessed	O
father	O
,	O
who	O
designated	O
Michael	B-PERSON
as	O
the	O
vessel	O
into	O
which	O
he	O
would	O
mercilessly	O
pour	O
the	O
acid	O
of	O
his	O
unrealized	O
ambitions	O
.	O


To	O
this	O
single	O
end	O
,	O
Joe	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
was	O
ruthlessly	O
single	O
-	O
minded	O
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
was	O
terrified	O
of	O
him	O
,	O
whose	O
mere	O
presence	O
could	O
induce	O
nausea	O
.	O


At	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
father	O
yanked	O
the	O
son	O
from	O
his	O
pail	O
and	O
sandbox	O
existence	O
and	O
made	O
him	O
run	O
Hollywood	B-ORG
's	O
grimmest	O
gauntlets	O
.	O


The	O
little	O
mouse	O
that	O
Michael	B-PERSON
was	O
suddenly	O
found	O
himself	O
in	O
the	O
rat	O
race	O
and	O
quickly	O
learned	O
to	O
hate	O
it	O
,	O


and	O
like	O
Oskar	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
found	O
respite	O
in	O
the	O
beating	O
of	O
his	O
tin	O
drum	O
,	O
Michael	B-PERSON
found	O
solace	O
on	O
stage	O
,	O
performing	O
his	O
music	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
stage	O
could	O
not	O
provide	O
Michael	B-PERSON
with	O
immunity	O
against	O
the	O
constant	O
encroachment	O
of	O
the	O
adult	O
world	O
.	O


Listen	O
to	O
his	O
rapid	O
breathing	O
in	O
especially	O
Off	B-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Wall	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	O
Thriller	B-WORK_OF_ART
:	O
the	O
staccato	O
-	O
like	O
panting	O
of	O
a	O
stalked	O
animal	O
,	O
the	O
desperate	O
breath	O
of	O
human	O
panic	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
small	O
boy	O
's	O
voice	O
hiding	O
behind	O
the	O
mesmerizing	O
slash	O
and	O
blur	O
of	O
arms	O
and	O
legs	O
fending	O
off	O
an	O
invisible	O
attack	O
.	O


From	O
one	B-CARDINAL
track	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
,	O
the	O
lyrics	O
are	O
n't	O
so	O
much	O
sung	O
as	O
frantically	O
whispered	O
,	O
the	O
vowels	O
cut	O
short	O
to	O
the	O
quick	O
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
was	O
announcing	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
no	O
longer	O
follow	O
the	O
course	O
Father	O
and	O
Hollywood	B-ORG
had	O
staked	O
out	O
for	O
him	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
disparity	O
between	O
his	O
real	O
self	O
and	O
the	O
role	O
he	O
was	O
thrust	O
into	O
had	O
reached	O
unsustainable	O
incommensurability	O
.	O


Only	O
the	O
child	O
within	O
could	O
save	O
the	O
defenceless	O
adult	O
from	O
the	O
depredations	O
of	O
the	O
adult	O
world	O
,	O


and	O
from	O
this	O
point	O
on	O
,	O
Michael	B-PERSON
would	O
reduce	O
the	O
project	O
of	O
his	O
life	O
to	O
letting	O
the	O
world	O
know	O
the	O
truth	O
of	O
who	O
he	O
was	O
:	O
a	O
confused	O
,	O
fragile	O
,	O
lost	O
soul	O
in	O
search	O
of	O
care	O
and	O
love	O
.	O


By	O
the	O
time	O
Michael	B-PERSON
had	O
attained	O
mythic	O
status	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
so	O
far	O
removed	O
and	O
alienated	O
from	O
himself	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
shed	O
,	O
over	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
20	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
and	O
still	O
counting	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
skin	O
after	O
another	O
before	O
his	O
true	O
self	O
could	O
begin	O
to	O
emerge	O
.	O


As	O
we	O
might	O
expect	O
from	O
someone	O
so	O
radically	O
self	O
-	O
estranged	O
,	O
the	O
result	O
has	O
been	O
nothing	O
less	O
than	O
a	O
metamorphosis	O
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
's	O
journey	O
of	O
self	O
-	O
discovery	O
is	O
a	O
work	O
in	O
progress	O
like	O
no	O
other	O
because	O
it	O
increasingly	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
accommodation	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
irreconcilables	O
:	O
the	O
child	O
and	O
adult	O
as	O
one	B-CARDINAL
.	O


More	O
revealing	O
of	O
itself	O
than	O
its	O
favorite	O
target	O
,	O
public	O
opinion	O
has	O
not	O
seen	O
fit	O
to	O
grant	O
Michael	B-PERSON
the	O
inalienable	O
right	O
to	O
his	O
confused	O
mental	O
state	O
and	O
'	O
off	O
the	O
wall	O
'	O
comportment	O
.	O


If	O
most	O
people	O
subscribe	O
to	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
black	O
and	O
white	O
are	O
not	O
only	O
skin	O
colors	O
but	O
states	O
of	O
mind	O
,	O
why	O
are	O
we	O
baffled	O
or	O
offended	O
when	O
Michael	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
was	O
introduced	O
to	O
the	O
white	O
ways	O
of	O
Hollywood	B-ORG
at	O
the	B-DATE
age	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
5	I-DATE
,	O
tells	O
us	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
n't	O
sure	O
what	O
his	O
true	O
color	O
is	O
?	O


Robbed	O
of	O
his	O
childhood	O
,	O
abused	O
by	O
a	O
psychotic	O
father	O
and	O
then	O
prematurely	O
subjected	O
to	O
the	O
adult	O
pressures	O
of	O
the	O
entertainment	O
world	O
,	O
why	O
are	O
we	O
surprised	O
to	O
learn	O
that	O
Michael	B-PERSON
does	O
n't	O
want	O
to	O
grow	O
up	O
,	O
that	O
he	O
prefers	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
community	O
of	O
children	O
,	O
that	O
he	O
wants	O
to	O
be	O
protected	O
and	O
looked	O
after	O
?	O


Every	O
time	O
the	O
androgynous	O
Jackson	B-PERSON
goes	O
under	O
the	O
knife	O
he	O
is	O
crying	O
out	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
n't	O
know	O
if	O
he	O
is	O
man	O
or	O
woman	O
,	O
child	O
or	O
adult	O
,	O
black	O
or	O
white	O
.	O


As	O
if	O
we	O
would	O
have	O
done	O
otherwise	O
in	O
his	O
situation	O
?	O


And	O
to	O
the	O
never	O
-	O
ending	O
suspicion	O
that	O
Michael	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
child	O
abuser	O
,	O
what	O
crime	O
has	O
been	O
committed	O
when	O
two	B-CARDINAL
experimenting	O
11	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
olds	I-DATE
fool	O
around	O
sexually	O
?	O


If	O
you	O
believe	O
that	O
Michael	B-PERSON
has	O
the	O
mentality	O
of	O
an	O
11	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
there	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
much	O
evidence	O
to	O
the	O
contrary	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
20	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
-RRB-	O
he	O
should	O
not	O
have	O
had	O
to	O
defend	O
himself	O
against	O
accusations	O
of	O
child	O
molestation	O
.	O


Was	O
it	O
in	O
defense	O
of	O
perversity	O
or	O
his	O
incorrigible	O
innocence	O
that	O
convinced	O
him	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
OK	O
to	O
reveal	O
that	O
he	O
shared	O
his	O
bed	O
with	O
children	O
?	O


More	O
questionable	O
,	O
even	O
criminal	O
,	O
than	O
Michael	B-PERSON
's	O
alleged	O
fooling	O
around	O
with	O
other	O
kids	O
,	O
were	O
the	O
parents	O
who	O
allowed	O
,	O
even	O
encouraged	O
their	O
children	O
to	O
sleep	O
over	O
and	O
perhaps	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
bed	O
with	O
someone	O
whose	O
sexual	O
predilections	O
have	O
been	O
suspect	O
since	O
1991	B-DATE
.	O


On	O
June	B-DATE
13	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
2005	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
courts	O
found	O
Michael	B-PERSON
not	O
guilty	O
of	O
the	O
charges	O
brought	O
against	O
him	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
those	O
whose	O
minds	O
were	O
decided	O
on	O
his	O
guilt	O
before	O
the	O
trial	O
began	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
changed	O
by	O
the	O
verdict	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
Michael	B-PERSON
's	O
essential	O
nature	O
will	O
not	O
have	O
changed	O
.	O


Mahatma	B-PERSON
Gandhi	I-PERSON
writes	O
that	O
'	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
higher	O
court	O
than	O
courts	O
of	O
justice	O
and	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
court	O
of	O
conscience	O
.	O
'	O


Only	O
Michael	B-PERSON
knows	O
if	O
he	O
is	O
sexually	O
attracted	O
to	O
children	O
,	O
and	O
beyond	O
that	O
,	O
if	O
he	O
has	O
ever	O
acted	O
on	O
those	O
feelings	O
.	O


And	O
if	O
we	O
grant	O
him	O
the	O
mental	O
age	O
of	O
an	O
11	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
,	O
who	O
has	O
nonetheless	O
conventionally	O
fathered	O
two	B-CARDINAL
children	O
,	O
Michael	B-PERSON
is	O
then	O
a	O
child	O
trapped	O
in	O
an	O
adult	O
body	O
.	O


Which	O
means	O
the	O
crowning	O
act	O
in	O
his	O
quest	O
for	O
authenticity	O
awaits	O
one	B-CARDINAL
final	O
operation	O
.	O


What	O
does	O
a	O
man	O
do	O
when	O
he	O
feels	O
,	O
acts	O
and	O
responds	O
like	O
a	O
woman	O
trapped	O
in	O
a	O
man	O
's	O
body	O
?	O


He	O
undergoes	O
sexual	O
reassignment	O
surgery	O
and	O
hormone	O
therapy	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
become	O
who	O
'	O
she	O
'	O
is	O
.	O


There	O
remains	O
one	B-CARDINAL
final	O
procedure	O
that	O
will	O
totally	O
liberate	O
the	O
child	O
that	O
Michael	B-PERSON
is	O
.	O


When	O
Michael	B-PERSON
finds	O
the	O
courage	O
to	O
act	O
on	O
what	O
his	O
duty	O
toward	O
other	O
children	O
demands	O
--	O
submit	O
to	O
voluntary	O
neutering	O
--	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
tantamount	O
to	O
his	O
final	O
confession	O
,	O
the	O
saving	O
grace	O
and	O
glory	O
that	O
is	O
his	O
Neverland	B-FAC
will	O
become	O
his	O
forever	O
land	O
.	O


Tennessee	B-PERSON
Williams	I-PERSON
has	O
said	O
for	O
all	O
time	O
,	O
``	O
there	O
's	O
not	O
enough	O
kindness	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
''	O


And	O
I	O
say	O
this	O
to	O
you	O
,	O
Michael	B-PERSON
Jackson	I-PERSON
,	O
may	O
your	O
tribe	O
increase	O
.	O


``	O
Thank	O
God	O
I	O
'm	O
an	O
atheist	O
:	O
''	O


The	O
surrealistic	O
cinema	O
of	O
Luis	B-PERSON
Bunuel	I-PERSON
--	O


by	O
Bryan	B-PERSON
M.	I-PERSON
Papciak	I-PERSON


``	O
The	O
thought	O
of	O
death	O
has	O
been	O
familiar	O
to	O
me	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Director	O
Luis	B-PERSON
Bunuel	I-PERSON
.	O


``	O
From	O
the	O
time	O
that	O
skeletons	O
were	O
carried	O
through	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
Calanda	B-GPE
during	O
the	O
Holy	B-DATE
Week	I-DATE
procession	O
,	O
death	O
has	O
been	O
an	O
integral	O
part	O
of	O
my	O
life	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
never	O
wished	O
to	O
forget	O
or	O
deny	O
it	O
,	O


but	O
there	O
's	O
not	O
much	O
to	O
say	O
about	O
it	O
when	O
you	O
're	O
an	O
atheist	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
255	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


So	O
reads	O
an	O
accurate	O
testimonial	O
to	O
the	O
personal	O
and	O
artistic	O
sentiment	O
of	O
this	O
odd	O
and	O
serious	O
filmmaker	O
.	O


Like	O
many	O
of	O
his	O
contemporary	O
surrealists	O
,	O
Bunuel	B-PERSON
is	O
a	O
paradox	O
who	O
on	O
one	B-CARDINAL
hand	O
claims	O
apathy	O
towards	O
ultimate	O
end	O
,	O
being	O
,	O
and	O
Being	O
,	O
yet	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
loads	O
his	O
impressive	O
body	O
of	O
work	O
with	O
moribund	O
imagery	O
and	O
strange	O
ideas	O
about	O
the	O
God	O
he	O
so	O
vociferously	O
denies	O
.	O


Bunuel	B-PERSON
exhibits	O
a	O
radical	O
,	O
iconoclastic	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
finds	O
society	O
decadent	O
and	O
antithetical	O
to	O
human	O
liberation	O
.	O


He	O
has	O
been	O
called	O
a	O
realist	O
,	O
a	O
surrealist	O
,	O
a	O
Marxist	B-NORP
,	O
an	O
anarchist	O
,	O
a	O
mystic	O
,	O
an	O
anticleric	O
,	O
a	O
Freudian	B-NORP
,	O
a	O
post-Freudian	B-NORP
,	O
a	O
sadist	O
,	O
a	O
moralist	O
,	O
a	O
Christian	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
a	O
poet	O
-	O
showman	O
of	O
the	O
macabre	O
.	O


His	O
scenarios	O
range	O
from	O
the	O
absurd	O
to	O
the	O
tragic	O
to	O
the	O
satiric	O
to	O
the	O
erotic	O
,	O
profusely	O
endued	O
with	O
the	O
outrageous	O
and	O
the	O
scandalous	O
.	O


Luis	B-PERSON
Bunuel	I-PERSON
has	O
long	O
been	O
recognized	O
in	O
European	B-NORP
critical	O
circles	O
as	O
a	O
great	O
and	O
prolific	O
filmmaker	O
on	O
a	O
par	O
with	O
Eisenstein	B-PERSON
,	O
Chaplin	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
Fellini	B-PERSON
.	O


However	O
,	O
only	O
recently	O
has	O
his	O
reputation	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
begun	O
to	O
catch	O
up	O
.	O


Over	O
his	O
fifty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
career	O
he	O
directed	O
thirty	B-CARDINAL
-	I-CARDINAL
two	I-CARDINAL
feature	O
films	O
and	O
worked	O
in	O
Spain	B-GPE
,	O
France	B-GPE
,	O
Mexico	B-GPE
,	O
Italy	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Utilizing	O
sardonic	O
humor	O
and	O
the	O
imagery	O
of	O
surrealism	O
,	O
Bunuel	B-PERSON
set	O
out	O
to	O
undermine	O
the	O
values	O
and	O
institutions	O
people	O
take	O
for	O
granted	O
.	O


His	O
aims	O
were	O
specific	O
:	O
through	O
the	O
surreal	O
,	O
visualizing	O
the	O
impulses	O
of	O
the	O
uncon	O
-	O
scious	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
shatter	O
the	O
optimism	O
of	O
the	O
bourgeoisie	O
world	O
and	O
force	O
the	O
reader	O
-LRB-	O
or	O
spectator	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
question	O
the	O
permanency	O
of	O
the	O
prevailing	O
order	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
Mellen	B-PERSON
3	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


Luis	B-PERSON
Bunuel	I-PERSON
was	O
born	O
February	B-DATE
22	I-DATE
,	I-DATE
1900	I-DATE
in	O
Calanda	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
small	O
town	O
in	O
the	O
province	O
of	O
Teruel	B-GPE
,	O
Spain	B-GPE
.	O


As	O
a	O
youth	O
he	O
received	O
a	O
Jesuit	B-NORP
education	O
,	O
displaying	O
exceptional	O
talent	O
in	O
music	O
,	O
athletics	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
natural	O
sciences	O
.	O


He	O
enjoyed	O
a	O
comfortable	O
upbringing	O
in	O
a	O
reasonably	O
wealthy	O
,	O
close	O
-	O
knit	O
family	O
.	O


His	O
family	O
came	O
from	O
liberal	O
,	O
semi-intellectual	O
,	O
land	O
-	O
owning	O
bourgeoisie	O
.	O


These	O
details	O
are	O
not	O
irrelevant	O
.	O


To	O
comprehend	O
Bunuel	B-PERSON
's	O
works	O
it	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
understand	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
first	B-ORDINAL
a	O
Spaniard	B-NORP
and	O
secondly	B-ORDINAL
a	O
product	O
of	O
Spanish	B-NORP
bourgeoisie	O
.	O


Virginia	B-PERSON
Higgenbotham	I-PERSON
points	O
out	O
that	O
``	O
blasphemy	O
is	O
only	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
thinking	O
for	O
any	O
intelligent	O
Spaniard	B-NORP
,	O
''	O
and	O
also	O
that	O
the	O
``	O
art	O
of	O
his	O
country	O
is	O
rich	O
in	O
eroticism	O
and	O
profoundly	O
preoccupied	O
with	O
death	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
18	B-CARDINAL
,	O
20	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


Bunuel	B-PERSON
says	O
:	O
My	O
infancy	O
slipped	O
by	O
in	O
an	O
almost	O
medieval	O
atmosphere	O
-LRB-	O
like	O
that	O
of	O
nearly	O
all	O
the	O
Spanish	B-NORP
provinces	O
-RRB-	O
between	O
my	O
native	O
town	O
and	O
Zaragova	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
feel	O
it	O
necessary	O
to	O
say	O
here	O
-LRB-	O
since	O
it	O
explains	O
in	O
part	O
the	O
trend	O
of	O
the	O
modest	O
work	O
which	O
I	O
later	O
accomplished	O
-RRB-	O
that	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
basic	O
sentiments	O
of	O
my	O
childhood	O
which	O
stayed	O
with	O
me	O
well	O
into	O
adolescence	O
,	O
are	O
those	O
of	O
a	O
profound	O
eroticism	O
,	O
at	O
first	O
sublimated	O
in	O
a	O
great	O
religious	O
faith	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
permanent	O
consciousness	O
of	O
death	O
.	O


It	O
would	O
take	O
too	O
long	O
here	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
reasons	O
.	O


It	O
suffices	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
not	O
an	O
exception	O
among	O
my	O
compatriots	O
,	O
since	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
Spanish	B-NORP
characteristic	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
art	O
,	O
exponent	O
of	O
the	O
Spanish	B-NORP
spirit	O
,	O
was	O
impregnated	O
with	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
sentiments	O
.	O


The	O
last	O
civil	O
war	O
,	O
peculiar	O
and	O
ferocious	O
as	O
no	O
other	O
exposed	O
them	O
clearly	O
.	O


Coming	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
Bunuel	B-PERSON
expressed	O
a	O
strong	O
urge	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Paris	B-GPE
to	O
study	O
music	O
but	O
was	O
sent	O
instead	O
to	O
Madrid	B-GPE
to	O
study	O
agricultural	O
engineering	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
few	O
years	O
,	O
he	O
switched	O
his	O
studies	O
to	O
entomology	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
more	O
importantly	O
,	O
began	O
forming	O
close	O
friendships	O
with	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
young	O
artists	O
who	O
were	O
to	O
influence	O
him	O
strongly	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O


These	O
companions	O
included	O
the	O
poets	O
Frederico	B-PERSON
Garcia	I-PERSON
Lorca	I-PERSON
and	O
Jose	B-PERSON
Moreno	I-PERSON
Villa	I-PERSON
and	O
the	O
painter	O
Salvador	B-PERSON
Dali	I-PERSON
.	O


In	O
the	O
Madrid	B-GPE
residencia	O
Bunuel	B-PERSON
developed	O
his	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
arts	O
,	O
theater	O
,	O
and	O
acting	O
and	O
gained	O
his	O
introduction	O
to	O
surrealism	O
.	O


After	O
graduating	O
in	O
1925	B-DATE
with	O
a	O
degree	O
in	O
Philosophy	O
and	O
Letters	O
,	O
Bunuel	B-PERSON
moved	O
to	O
Paris	B-GPE
,	O
joined	O
by	O
a	O
few	O
members	O
of	O
his	O
residencia	O
coterie	O
.	O


Bunuel	B-PERSON
arrived	O
in	O
Paris	B-GPE
highly	O
recommended	O
by	O
influential	O
friends	O
of	O
his	O
parents	O
and	O
was	O
introduced	O
into	O
the	O
best	O
intellectual	O
circles	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
soon	O
hired	O
as	O
an	O
Assistant	O
Director	O
to	O
Jean	B-PERSON
Epstien	I-PERSON
,	O
``	O
the	O
only	O
director	O
of	O
that	O
bleak	O
era	O
of	O
the	O
French	B-NORP
cinema	O
to	O
merit	O
the	O
title	O
of	O
an	O
intellectual	O
filmmaker	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
Aranda	B-PERSON
32	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


While	O
honing	O
his	O
skills	O
working	O
as	O
an	O
A.D.	O
,	O
Bunuel	B-PERSON
also	O
began	O
contributing	O
articles	O
to	O
various	O
literary	O
cinema	O
periodicals	O
,	O
most	O
notably	O
La	B-ORG
Gaceta	I-ORG
Hispanoamericana	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
1929	B-DATE
he	O
formally	O
entered	O
the	B-ORG
Paris	I-ORG
Surrealist	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
.	O


Within	O
this	O
setting	O
he	O
embarked	O
on	O
his	O
first	O
film	O
project	O
as	O
director	O
,	O
a	O
collaboration	O
with	O
his	O
residencia	O
friend	O
Salvador	B-PERSON
Dali	I-PERSON
,	O
entitled	O
Un	B-WORK_OF_ART
Chien	I-WORK_OF_ART
Andalou	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


He	O
collaborated	O
with	O
Dali	B-PERSON
again	O
in	O
1930	B-DATE
on	O
another	O
surrealist	O
film	O
,	O
L_Age	B-WORK_OF_ART
d'	I-WORK_OF_ART
Or	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


The	O
rest	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
say	O
,	O
is	O
history	O
.	O


Some	O
critics	O
,	O
most	O
notably	O
Pauline	B-PERSON
Kael	I-PERSON
and	O
Penelope	B-PERSON
Gilliatt	I-PERSON
,	O
now	O
regard	O
Bunuel	B-PERSON
as	O
the	O
Hitchcock	B-PERSON
of	O
surrealism	O
--	O
a	O
venerated	O
master	O
in	O
total	O
command	O
of	O
his	O
medium	O
and	O
for	O
whom	O
the	O
art	O
of	O
filmic	O
manipulation	O
became	O
a	O
``	O
delightful	O
form	O
of	O
play	O
.	O
''	O


For	O
Bunuel	B-PERSON
,	O
however	O
,	O
play	O
had	O
little	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
it	O
.	O


Rather	O
,	O
he	O
saw	O
surrealism	O
as	O
a	O
revolutionary	O
,	O
poetic	O
,	O
and	O
moral	O
movement	O
:	O


All	O
of	O
us	O
were	O
supporters	O
of	O
a	O
certain	O
concept	O
of	O
revolution	O
,	O
and	O
although	O
the	O
surrealists	O
did	O
n't	O
consider	O
themselves	O
terrorists	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
constantly	O
fighting	O
a	O
society	O
they	O
despised	O
.	O


The	O
principle	O
weapon	O
was	O
not	O
guns	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
scandal	O
.	O


Scandal	O
was	O
a	O
potent	O
agent	O
of	O
revelation	O
,	O
capable	O
of	O
exposing	O
such	O
social	O
crimes	O
as	O
exploitation	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
man	O
by	O
another	O
,	O
colonialist	O
imperialism	O
,	O
religious	O
tyranny	O
--	O
in	O
sum	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
secret	O
and	O
odious	O
underpinnings	O
of	O
a	O
system	O
that	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
destroyed	O
.	O


He	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
``	O
The	O
purpose	O
of	O
surrealism	O
was	O
not	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
new	O
literary	O
,	O
artistic	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
philosophical	O
movement	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
explode	O
the	O
social	O
order	O
,	O
to	O
transform	O
life	O
itself	O
'	O
-LRB-	O
107	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Salvador	B-PERSON
Dali	I-PERSON
recalled	O
the	O
surrealists	O
'	O
ideology	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
systematize	O
confusion	O
thanks	O
to	O
a	O
paranoia	O
and	O
active	O
process	O
of	O
thought	O
and	O
so	O
assist	O
in	O
discrediting	O
completely	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
reality	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
Gould	B-PERSON
37	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


Indeed	O
,	O
the	O
intent	O
of	O
surreal	O
art	O
is	O
to	O
move	O
one	O
from	O
the	O
conscious	O
mind	O
into	O
the	O
subconscious	O
.	O


It	O
seeks	O
to	O
affect	O
the	O
emotions	O
through	O
the	O
mind	O
.	O


Michael	B-PERSON
Gould	I-PERSON
states	O
in	O
Surrealism	B-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Cinema	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
``	O
If	O
the	O
vision	O
revealed	O
is	O
too	O
much	O
for	O
the	O
rational	O
mind	O
to	O
absorb	O
-LRB-	O
too	O
intense	O
,	O
too	O
threatening	O
,	O
too	O
'	O
real	O
'	O
-RRB-	O
yet	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
rejected	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
leaves	O
the	O
consciousness	O
and	O
comes	O
to	O
exist	O
on	O
a	O
sublime	O
level	O
as	O
pure	O
surrealism	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
13	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


In	O
Un	B-WORK_OF_ART
Chien	I-WORK_OF_ART
Andalou	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
girl	O
's	O
eye	O
is	O
sliced	O
with	O
a	O
razor	O
blade	O
,	O


a	O
man	O
wipes	O
his	O
mouth	O
completely	O
off	O
his	O
face	O
,	O


dead	O
donkey	O
carcasses	O
adorn	O
a	O
piano	O
,	O


a	O
man	O
's	O
hand	O
crawls	O
with	O
ants	O
.	O


Each	O
of	O
these	O
images	O
is	O
clearly	O
too	O
intense	O
for	O
rational	O
thought	O
.	O


Bunuel	B-PERSON
was	O
drawn	O
to	O
the	O
surrealist	O
movement	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
revolutionary	O
or	O
psychological	O
reasons	O
.	O


The	O
moral	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
movement	O
intrigued	O
him	O
as	O
well	O
:	O


For	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
my	O
life	O
,	O
I	O
'd	O
come	O
into	O
contact	O
with	O
a	O
coherent	O
moral	O
system	O
that	O
,	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
I	O
could	O
tell	O
,	O
had	O
no	O
flaws	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
an	O
aggressive	O
morality	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
complete	O
rejection	O
of	O
all	O
existing	O
values	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
other	O
criteria	O
:	O


we	O
exalted	O
passion	O
,	O
mystification	O
,	O
black	O
humor	O
,	O
the	O
insult	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
call	O
of	O
the	O
abyss	O
.	O


Inside	O
this	O
new	O
territory	O
,	O
all	O
our	O
thoughts	O
and	O
actions	O
seemed	O
justifiable	O
;	O


there	O
was	O
simply	O
no	O
room	O
for	O
doubt	O
.	O


Everything	O
made	O
sense	O
.	O


Our	O
morality	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
more	O
demanding	O
and	O
more	O
dangerous	O
than	O
the	O
prevailing	O
order	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
also	O
stronger	O
,	O
richer	O
,	O
more	O
coherent	O
.	O


The	O
surreal	O
qualities	O
in	O
Bunuel	B-PERSON
's	O
films	O
can	O
be	O
traced	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
sources	O
,	O


but	O
the	O
primary	O
impetus	O
was	O
his	O
``	O
irrational	O
sensibility	O
''	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
his	O
treatment	O
of	O
image	O
,	O
montage	O
,	O
and	O
sound	O
.	O


These	O
gave	O
his	O
films	O
their	O
dreamlike	O
quality	O
.	O


His	O
most	O
intense	O
images	O
are	O
evocative	O
of	O
either	O
humor	O
or	O
mystery	O
.	O


Mystery	O
,	O
he	O
believed	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
essential	O
element	O
of	O
any	O
art	O
;	O


it	O
is	O
inseparable	O
from	O
chance	O
,	O


and	O
the	O
whole	O
universe	O
is	O
a	O
mystery	O
,	O


Bunuel	B-PERSON
believed	O
that	O
his	O
own	O
form	O
of	O
atheism	O
led	O
inevitably	O
to	O
the	O
acceptance	O
of	O
the	O
inexplicable	O
.	O


``	O
Since	O
I	O
reject	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
a	O
divine	O
watchmaker	O
,	O
''	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
notion	O
even	O
more	O
mysterious	O
than	O
the	O
mystery	O
it	O
supposedly	O
explains	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
then	O
I	O
must	O
consent	O
to	O
live	O
in	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
shadowy	O
confusion	O
....	O


At	O
least	O
it	O
keeps	O
my	O
moral	O
freedom	O
intact	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
174	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


Predictably	O
,	O
adherence	O
to	O
fantasy	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
reason	O
in	O
a	O
rationalistic	O
society	O
leads	O
to	O
conflict	O
.	O


The	O
surrealists	O
opposed	O
nearly	O
all	O
traditional	O
values	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
noted	O
before	O
,	O
sought	O
to	O
destroy	O
``	O
all	O
conventional	O
social	O
,	O
moral	O
,	O
and	O
artistic	O
habits	O
of	O
thought	O
and	O
perception	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
Higgenbotham	B-PERSON
30	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


Enter	O
Un	B-WORK_OF_ART
Chien	I-WORK_OF_ART
Andalou	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


In	O
1929	B-DATE
,	O
Un	B-WORK_OF_ART
Chien	I-WORK_OF_ART
Andalou	I-WORK_OF_ART
was	O
as	O
shocking	O
and	O
scandalous	O
as	O
Bunuel	B-PERSON
and	O
Dali	B-PERSON
had	O
hoped	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
.	O


It	O
gave	O
rise	O
to	O
a	O
staggering	O
range	O
of	O
interpretations	O
:	O
poetic	O
,	O
scandalous	O
,	O
incoherent	O
,	O
an	O
attack	O
upon	O
critics	O
,	O
an	O
attack	O
upon	O
religion	O
,	O
and	O
attack	O
upon	O
the	O
bourgeoisie	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
film	O
was	O
financed	O
by	O
Bunuel	B-PERSON
's	O
bourgeois	O
mother	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Un	O
Chien	O
Andalou	O
-LRB-	O
which	O
means	O
An	O
Andalusian	O
Dog	O
--	O
though	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
dogs	O
in	O
the	O
film	O
-RRB-	O
was	O
deliberately	O
intended	O
to	O
jolt	O
the	O
spectator	O
's	O
peace	O
of	O
mind	O
and	O
to	O
convey	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
basic	O
beliefs	O
underlying	O
the	O
surrealist	O
movement	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
omnipotence	O
of	O
desire	O
.	O


Bunuel	B-PERSON
stated	O
that	O
he	O
and	O
Dali	B-PERSON
held	O
to	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
rule	O
during	O
the	O
production	O
,	O


``	O
No	O
idea	O
or	O
image	O
that	O
might	O
lend	O
itself	O
to	O
rational	O
explanation	O
of	O
any	O
kind	O
would	O
be	O
accepted	O
.	O


We	O
had	O
to	O
open	O
all	O
doors	O
to	O
the	O
irrational	O
and	O
keep	O
only	O
those	O
images	O
that	O
surprised	O
us	O
without	O
trying	O
to	O
explain	O
why	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
104	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
film	O
was	O
not	O
exclusively	O
to	O
shock	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
incendiarially	O
affect	O
the	O
collective	O
conscience	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
it	O
was	O
an	O
indictment	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
art	O
consumers	O
who	O
,	O
either	O
through	O
stupidity	O
,	O
masochism	O
,	O
or	O
self	O
interest	O
,	O
were	O
willing	O
to	O
swallow	O
anything	O
,	O
no	O
matter	O
how	O
much	O
it	O
went	O
against	O
their	O
instincts	O
.	O


Bunuel	B-PERSON
asked	O
,	O
``	O
What	O
can	O
I	O
do	O
about	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
adore	O
all	O
that	O
is	O
new	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
it	O
goes	O
against	O
their	O
deepest	O
convictions	O
,	O
or	O
about	O
the	O
insincere	O
,	O
corrupt	O
press	O
and	O
the	O
inane	O
herd	O
that	O
saw	O
beauty	O
and	O
poetry	O
in	O
something	O
which	O
was	O
basically	O
no	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
desperate	O
call	O
for	O
murder	O
?	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
Bauche	B-PERSON
9	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
film	O
is	O
a	O
dream	O
and	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
dream	O
,	O
is	O
both	O
fascinating	O
and	O
disturbing	O
.	O


The	O
opening	O
scene	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
girl	O
's	O
eye	O
is	O
sliced	O
sets	O
the	O
tone	O
of	O
the	O
film	O
's	O
meandering	O
and	O
confusing	O
itinerary	O
.	O


Many	O
of	O
the	O
elements	O
that	O
make	O
up	O
the	O
film	O
are	O
remnants	O
of	O
objective	O
reality	O
.	O


The	O
way	O
they	O
are	O
arranged	O
within	O
the	O
scenario	O
pushes	O
them	O
into	O
a	O
mental	O
reconstruction	O
process	O
--	O
in	O
exactly	O
the	O
way	O
dreams	O
draw	O
on	O
the	O
previous	O
day	O
's	O
experience	O
.	O


Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
images	O
have	O
the	O
matter	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
fact	O
quality	O
of	O
a	O
newsreel	O
,	O
or	O
what	O
Higgenbotham	B-PERSON
calls	O
a	O
``	O
prosaic	O
realism	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
38	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


Bunuel	B-PERSON
chose	O
not	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
distorted	O
lenses	O
,	O
supered	O
images	O
,	O
or	O
blurred	O
focus	O
-LRB-	O
cinematic	O
conventions	O
of	O
the	O
day	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
suggest	O
the	O
dreamlike	O
quality	O
of	O
his	O
film	O
.	O


Instead	O
,	O
he	O
approached	O
the	O
entire	O
non-narrative	O
in	O
a	O
straightforward	O
manner	O
.	O


He	O
used	O
the	O
shocking	O
incongruity	O
of	O
the	O
images	O
themselves	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
hallucinatory	O
feeling	O
of	O
anguish	O
that	O
runs	O
through	O
the	O
film	O
.	O


The	O
unrealistic	O
fashion	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
realistic	O
images	O
were	O
juxtaposed	O
was	O
the	O
perfect	O
way	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Freddy	B-PERSON
Bauche	I-PERSON
,	O
to	O
illustrate	O
``	O
the	O
dramatic	O
collision	O
between	O
desire	O
and	O
the	O
object	O
of	O
desire	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
10	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


Obviously	O
,	O
the	O
director	O
drew	O
much	O
of	O
Un	B-WORK_OF_ART
Chien	I-WORK_OF_ART
Andalou	I-WORK_OF_ART
from	O
his	O
Spanish	B-NORP
heritage	O
--	O
the	O
religious	O
and	O
social	O
implications	O
,	O
the	O
themes	O
of	O
emotionalism	O
and	O
death	O
,	O
even	O
the	O
donkey	O
carcasses	O
.	O


``	O
Thus	O
Un	B-WORK_OF_ART
Chien	I-WORK_OF_ART
Andalou	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
as	O
a	O
milestone	O
in	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
cinema	O
,	O
emerges	O
from	O
its	O
director	O
's	O
adolescence	O
in	O
Spain	B-GPE
and	O
announces	O
the	O
themes	O
and	O
techniques	O
that	O
were	O
to	O
preoccupy	O
Bunuel	B-PERSON
for	O
half	B-DATE
a	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
through	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
his	O
career	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
Higgenbotham	B-PERSON
39	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


Where	O
desire	O
and	O
eroticism	O
prevailed	O
in	O
Un	B-WORK_OF_ART
Chien	I-WORK_OF_ART
Andalou	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
religion	O
took	O
center	O
stage	O
in	O
Simon	B-WORK_OF_ART
del	I-WORK_OF_ART
Desierto	I-WORK_OF_ART
-LRB-	O
Simon	B-PERSON
of	O
the	O
Desert	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
produced	O
in	O
Mexico	B-GPE
in	O
1965	B-DATE
.	O


Simon	B-WORK_OF_ART
del	I-WORK_OF_ART
Desierto	I-WORK_OF_ART
is	O
a	O
bizarre	O
little	O
narrative	O
set	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
fifth	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
A.D.	I-DATE


Saint	B-PERSON
Simon	I-PERSON
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
be	O
as	O
close	O
to	O
God	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
has	O
stood	O
praying	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
a	O
sixty	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
pillar	O
for	O
thirty	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
seven	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
.	O


He	O
is	O
profoundly	O
sanctimonious	O
-	O
to	O
the	O
degree	O
that	O
he	O
even	O
blesses	O
his	O
own	O
tooth	O
when	O
it	O
falls	O
from	O
his	O
mouth	O
.	O


His	O
devotion	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
put	O
to	O
the	O
test	O
when	O
the	O
Devil	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
woman	O
wearing	O
the	O
uniform	O
of	O
a	O
Catholic	B-NORP
school	O
girl	O
-RRB-	O
arrives	O
in	O
a	O
slithering	O
coffin	O
at	O
the	O
pillar	O
.	O


She	O
is	O
intent	O
on	O
luring	O
the	B-PERSON
Holy	I-PERSON
Disciple	I-PERSON
from	O
his	O
perch	O
as	O
she	O
repeatedly	O
ridicules	O
him	O
and	O
insults	O
his	O
character	O
.	O


Simon	B-PERSON
heroically	O
resists	O
her	O
temptations	O
at	O
every	O
turn	O
despite	O
her	O
various	O
disguises	O
;	O
first	O
,	O
a	O
priest	O
,	O
then	O
a	O
shepherd	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
as	O
the	O
Savior	B-PERSON
himself	O
.	O


At	O
last	O
,	O
despite	O
Simon	B-PERSON
's	O
holy	O
strength	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
reasons	O
not	O
entirely	O
clear	O
,	O
the	O
Devil	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
exert	O
her	O
full	O
power	O
and	O
whisk	O
him	O
away	O
to	O
hell	O
--	O
a	O
Greenwich	B-LOC
village	I-LOC
disco	O
where	O
trendies	O
writhe	O
and	O
grind	O
to	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Radioactive	I-WORK_OF_ART
Flesh	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


The	O
implications	O
are	O
staggering	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
saint	O
,	O
devoted	O
to	O
his	O
god	O
,	O
sits	O
high	O
on	O
a	O
pillar	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
life	O
....	O


But	O
the	O
pillar	O
,	O
discolored	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
,	O
winding	O
and	O
twisting	O
its	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
excrement	O
of	O
the	O
saint	O
.	O


Saint	O
though	O
he	O
is	O
,	O
his	O
bowels	O
must	O
still	O
move	O
.	O


So	O
there	O
he	O
sits	O
,	O
near	O
God	O
indeed	O
,	O
but	O
supported	O
on	O
a	O
pillar	O
of	O
excrement	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
Mellen	B-PERSON
115	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


There	O
have	O
been	O
several	O
interpretations	O
of	O
this	O
seemingly	O
blasphemous	O
imagery	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
is	O
that	O
God	O
and	O
his	O
church	O
are	O
really	O
built	O
on	O
unacknowledged	O
humanity	O
.	O


Another	O
is	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
reach	O
God	O
only	O
through	O
understanding	O
the	O
true	O
nature	O
of	O
our	O
humanity	O
.	O


Still	O
another	O
is	O
that	O
religion	O
-LRB-	O
primarily	O
Catholicism	O
-RRB-	O
is	O
essentially	O
a	O
``	O
pillar	O
of	O
excrement	O
.	O
''	O


Bunuel	B-PERSON
himself	O
put	O
all	O
the	O
interpretations	O
in	O
perspective	O
when	O
he	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
Thank	O
God	O
I	O
'm	O
still	O
an	O
atheist	O
.	O
''	O


Luis	B-PERSON
Bunuel	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
flair	O
for	O
perverse	O
surrealism	O
and	O
his	O
malicious	O
attacks	O
on	O
conventional	O
morality	O
were	O
fully	O
realized	O
in	O
his	O
second	O
to	O
last	O
film	O
,	O
Le	B-WORK_OF_ART
Fantome	I-WORK_OF_ART
de	I-WORK_OF_ART
la	I-WORK_OF_ART
Liberte	I-WORK_OF_ART
-LRB-	O
The	O
Phantom	O
of	O
Liberty	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
produced	O
in	O
France	B-GPE
in	O
1974	B-DATE
--	O
almost	B-DATE
fifty	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
after	O
Un	B-WORK_OF_ART
Chien	I-WORK_OF_ART
Andalou	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


Fantome	B-WORK_OF_ART
in	O
many	O
ways	O
functioned	O
as	O
a	O
sort	O
of	O
sequel	O
to	O
his	O
1972	B-DATE
film	O
,	O
Le	B-WORK_OF_ART
Channe	I-WORK_OF_ART
Discret	I-WORK_OF_ART
de	I-WORK_OF_ART
la	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bourgeoisie	I-WORK_OF_ART
-LRB-	O
The	O
Discreet	O
Charm	O
of	O
the	O
Bourgeoisie	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


The	O
images	O
are	O
astounding	O
and	O
playfully	O
absurd	O
:	O


Spanish	B-NORP
hostages	O
of	O
the	O
Napoleonic	O
war	O
cry	O
``	O
Down	O
with	O
Freedom	O
!	O
''	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
executed	O
.	O


A	O
French	B-NORP
lieutenant	O
fondles	O
the	O
statue	O
of	O
a	O
beautiful	O
noblewoman	O
and	O
is	O
struck	O
on	O
the	O
head	O
by	O
another	O
statue	O
.	O


Bourgeois	O
couples	O
discuss	O
defecation	O
around	O
a	O
toilet	O
-	O
lined	O
table	O
but	O
consider	O
``	O
food	O
''	O
an	O
impolite	O
topic	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O


The	O
titular	O
reference	O
to	O
a	O
``	O
phantom	O
''	O
boffows	O
from	O
the	O
opening	O
line	O
of	O
Karl	B-PERSON
Marx	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Communist	B-WORK_OF_ART
Manifesto	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	O


``	O
A	O
specter	O
is	O
haunting	O
Europe	B-LOC
-	O
the	O
specter	O
of	O
communism	O
.	O
''	O


Bunuel	B-PERSON
twists	O
this	O
meaning	O
to	O
imply	O
that	O
the	O
specter	O
haunting	O
the	O
bourgeoisie	O
is	O
``	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
freedom	O
unburdened	O
by	O
the	O
dead	O
ends	O
of	O
sexual	O
license	O
,	O
willful	O
irrationality	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
liberty	O
to	O
go	O
beyond	O
the	O
self	O
-	O
indulgent	O
eccentricities	O
of	O
the	O
individual	O
ego	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
Mellen	B-PERSON
318	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


Bunuel	B-PERSON
compared	O
the	O
film	O
to	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
earlier	O
surrealist	O
works	O
,	O
L_Age	B-WORK_OF_ART
d'	I-WORK_OF_ART
Or	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
saying	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
possible	O
to	O
scandal-ize	O
people	O
as	O
we	O
did	O
in	O
1930	B-DATE
.	O


Today	O
you	O
have	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
with	O
sweet	O
subversion	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
Mellen	B-PERSON
183	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


Le	B-WORK_OF_ART
Fantome	I-WORK_OF_ART
de	I-WORK_OF_ART
la	I-WORK_OF_ART
Liberte	I-WORK_OF_ART
charges	O
that	O
society	O
has	O
substituted	O
arbitrary	O
willfulness	O
for	O
freedom	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
film	O
's	O
vignettes	O
shows	O
two	B-CARDINAL
parents	O
who	O
insist	O
on	O
declaring	O
their	O
daughter	O
a	O
missing	O
person	O
,	O
although	O
she	O
is	O
plainly	O
sitting	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
police	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
display	O
of	O
willful	O
blindness	O
to	O
reality	O
,	O
even	O
ask	O
the	O
child	O
herself	O
for	O
her	O
vital	O
statistics	O
and	O
how	O
she	O
disappeared	O
.	O


In	O
another	O
episode	O
,	O
four	B-CARDINAL
chain	O
-	O
smoking	O
monks	O
gamble	O
with	O
their	O
holy	O
medallions	O
in	O
a	O
card	O
game	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
'll	O
open	O
with	O
a	O
virgin	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
one	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Another	O
plays	O
a	O
``	O
father	O
.	O
''	O


Bunuel	B-PERSON
believed	O
reality	O
is	O
actually	O
a	O
smoke	O
screen	O
for	O
hidden	O
urges	O
.	O


He	O
used	O
the	O
absurd	O
to	O
imply	O
``	O
an	O
attack	O
on	O
specific	O
abuses	O
,	O
not	O
on	O
some	O
safely	O
vague	O
condition	O
of	O
man	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
Durgnat	B-PERSON
65	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


In	O
Le	B-WORK_OF_ART
Fantome	I-WORK_OF_ART
de	I-WORK_OF_ART
la	I-WORK_OF_ART
Liberte	I-WORK_OF_ART
Bunuel	B-PERSON
doubts	O
not	O
so	O
much	O
the	O
possibility	O
for	O
society	O
's	O
redemption	O
as	O
its	O
likelihood	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
have	O
been	O
rendered	O
unwittingly	O
comfortable	O
within	O
our	O
psychic	O
cages	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
where	O
we	O
prefer	O
them	O
to	O
liberty	O
,	O
an	O
experience	O
and	O
aspiration	O
we	O
neither	O
understand	O
or	O
desire	O
''	O
-LRB-	O
Mellen	B-PERSON
331	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


For	O
fifty	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Luis	B-PERSON
Bunuel	I-PERSON
made	O
films	O
about	O
society	O
's	O
dilemmas	O
.	O


His	O
art	O
is	O
his	O
declaration	O
of	O
confidence	O
in	O
a	O
human	O
race	O
dominated	O
by	O
a	O
bourgeoisie	O
given	O
to	O
hypocrisy	O
,	O
sadism	O
,	O
and	O
above	O
all	O
,	O
a	O
disrespect	O
for	O
its	O
own	O
capacity	O
to	O
live	O
differently	O
and	O
better	O
.	O


He	O
summed	O
it	O
all	O
up	O
himself	O
:	O


As	O
I	O
drift	O
toward	O
my	O
last	O
sigh	O
,	O
I	O
often	O
imagine	O
a	O
final	O
joke	O
.	O


I	O
convoke	O
around	O
my	O
deathbed	O
my	O
friends	O
who	O
are	O
confirmed	O
atheists	O
as	O
I	O
am	O
.	O


Then	O
a	O
priest	O
,	O
whom	O
I	O
have	O
summoned	O
,	O
arrives	O
;	O


and	O
to	O
the	O
horror	O
of	O
my	O
friends	O
,	O
I	O
make	O
my	O
confession	O
,	O
ask	O
for	O
absolution	O
for	O
my	O
sins	O
,	O
and	O
receive	O
extreme	O
unction	O
.	O


After	O
which	O
I	O
turn	O
over	O
on	O
my	O
side	O
and	O
expire	O
.	O


But	O
will	O
I	O
have	O
the	O
strength	O
to	O
joke	O
at	O
that	O
moment	O
?	O


Luis	B-PERSON
Bunuel	I-PERSON
died	O
in	O
1983	B-DATE
.	O


Note	O
:	O
There	O
's	O
a	O
piece	O
by	O
George	B-PERSON
Packer	I-PERSON
in	O
The	B-ORG
New	I-ORG
Yorker	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
''	O
Betrayed	O
:	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
who	O
trusted	O
America	B-GPE
the	O
most	O
''	O
-RRB-	O
about	O
all	O
this	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
way	O
too	O
long	O
to	O
blog	O
here	O
.	O


Check	O
it	O
out	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
.	O


It	O
's	O
hair	O
-	O
raising	O
stuff	O
.	O


Christ	O
,	O
can	O
no	O
one	O
trust	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
anymore	O
?	O


I	O
'm	O
gettting	O
sick	O
and	O
tired	O
of	O
being	O
ashamed	O
of	O
the	O
USA	B-GPE
.	O


What	O
have	O
we	O
come	O
to	O
?	O


Fuck	O
,	O
piss	O
,	O
shit	O
.	O


Anyway	O
,	O
here	O
's	O
a	O
shorter	O
piece	O
from	O
Mother	B-ORG
Jones	I-ORG
:	O


Thrown	O
to	O
the	O
Assassins	O


They	O
cheered	O
the	O
U.S.	B-NORP
invasion	O
;	O


they	O
offered	O
to	O
help	O
,	O
signed	O
on	O
as	O
translators	O
,	O
risked	O
everything	O
they	O
had	O
to	O
work	O
for	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


But	O
when	O
they	O
had	O
to	O
run	O
for	O
their	O
lives	O
,	O
America	B-GPE
slammed	O
the	O
door	O
.	O


By	O
David	B-PERSON
Case	I-PERSON
/	O
Mother	B-ORG
Jones	I-ORG


On	O
the	O
day	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
tanks	O
rolled	O
into	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
Abather	B-PERSON
Abdul	I-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
and	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
Abdel	I-PERSON
Mohammed	I-PERSON
,	O
threw	O
flowers	O
.	O


Literally	O
.	O


After	O
a	O
lifetime	O
of	O
turmoil	O
and	O
tyranny	O
,	O
the	O
couple	O
fervently	O
believed	O
the	O
invasion	O
would	O
bring	O
peace	O
.	O


Abather	B-PERSON
joined	O
U.S.	B-NORP
``	O
democratization	O
''	O
efforts	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
project	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
governing	O
council	O
for	O
his	O
neighborhood	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
occasionally	O
ended	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
good	O
-	O
news	O
Iraq	B-GPE
stories	O
that	O
still	O
seemed	O
plausible	O
in	O
those	O
days	O
;	O


one	O
U.S.	B-NORP
paper	O
ran	O
a	O
five	B-CARDINAL
-	O
column	O
photo	O
of	O
him	O
perched	O
on	O
a	O
classroom	O
chair	O
surrounded	O
by	O
American	B-NORP
soldiers	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
story	O
about	O
the	O
``	O
new	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O
''	O


These	O
days	O
,	O
Abather	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
young	O
family	O
are	O
among	O
the	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
who	O
have	O
fled	O
in	O
fear	O
for	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O


After	O
months	B-DATE
spent	O
dodging	O
insurgents	O
who	O
had	O
targeted	O
them	O
for	O
supporting	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
,	O
he	O
and	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
are	O
relieved	O
to	O
have	O
escaped	O
--	O
and	O
bitter	O
,	O
like	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
fellow	O
refugees	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
superpower	O
for	O
which	O
they	O
risked	O
their	O
lives	O
has	O
abandoned	O
them	O
.	O


A	O
short	O
man	O
who	O
bundles	O
his	O
shattered	O
body	O
in	O
layers	O
against	O
the	O
desert	O
's	O
winter	O
chill	O
,	O
the	O
34	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
Abather	B-PERSON
is	O
polite	O
and	O
relaxed	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
easy	O
smile	O
.	O


An	O
engaging	O
conversationalist	O
even	O
in	O
broken	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
,	O
he	O
loves	O
to	O
talk	O
about	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
his	O
infant	O
daughter	O
,	O
and	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
an	O
outspoken	O
woman	O
several	O
years	O
his	O
senior	O
,	O
whom	O
he	O
calls	O
a	O
genius	O
.	O


``	O
When	O
we	O
met	O
she	O
was	O
a	O
professor	O
at	O
Baghdad	B-FAC
University	I-FAC
,	O
''	O
he	O
boasts	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
was	O
her	O
student	O
.	O


When	O
she	O
walked	O
into	O
a	O
room	O
,	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
would	O
stand	O
to	O
pay	O
her	O
respect	O
.	O
''	O


Considering	O
that	O
his	O
life	O
savings	O
will	O
run	O
out	O
in	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
that	O
he	O
ca	O
n't	O
work	O
legally	O
in	O
Jordan	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
be	O
deported	O
at	O
any	O
moment	O
,	O
Abather	B-PERSON
is	O
remarkably	O
stoic	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
anxiety	O
leaks	O
out	O
in	O
tics	O
.	O


He	O
chain	O
-	O
smokes	O
cheap	O
Craven	B-ORG
A	I-ORG
cigarettes	O
,	O
crushing	O
the	O
charred	O
filters	O
in	O
an	O
overflowing	O
ashtray	O
;	O


when	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
complains	O
,	O
he	O
sheepishly	O
offers	O
that	O
``	O
smoking	O
is	O
my	O
only	O
work	O
.	O
''	O


It	O
's	O
not	O
quite	O
true	O
--	O


his	O
one	B-CARDINAL
other	O
job	O
during	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
18	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
has	O
been	O
recounting	O
his	O
nightmare	O
,	O
over	O
and	O
over	O
again	O
,	O
to	O
border	O
guards	O
,	O
embassy	O
workers	O
,	O
and	O
aid	O
agencies	O
.	O


In	O
December	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
reluctantly	O
told	O
it	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
pulling	O
documents	O
from	O
a	O
worn	O
leather	O
folder	O
to	O
corroborate	O
the	O
details	O
.	O


The	O
story	O
began	O
after	O
the	O
ouster	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
,	O
when	O
Abather	B-PERSON
and	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
,	O
like	O
many	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
,	O
launched	O
a	O
de-Baathification	O
program	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
.	O


Their	O
target	O
was	O
the	O
dean	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
'	O
boss	O
at	O
Baghdad	B-FAC
University	I-FAC
-LRB-	O
and	O
who	O
,	O
as	O
Abather	B-PERSON
tells	O
it	O
,	O
had	O
forced	O
her	O
out	O
when	O
she	O
resisted	O
joining	O
the	B-ORG
Baath	I-ORG
Party	I-ORG
-RRB-	O
.	O


Balqes	B-PERSON
wanted	O
her	O
job	O
back	O
;	O


one	B-CARDINAL
day	O
Abather	B-PERSON
confronted	O
the	O
dean	O
,	O


and	O
tempers	O
flared	O
.	O


American	B-NORP
soldiers	O
broke	O
up	O
the	O
brawl	O
,	O
bound	O
Abather	B-PERSON
's	O
wrists	O
with	O
a	O
zip	O
tie	O
,	O
and	O
interrogated	O
him	O
.	O


He	O
explained	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
'	O
gripe	O
and	O
what	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
her	O
job	O
had	O
meant	O
for	O
their	O
family	O
,	O
including	O
their	O
3	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
son	O
and	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
'	O
14	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
son	O
from	O
a	O
previous	O
marriage	O
-LRB-	O
her	O
first	B-ORDINAL
husband	O
had	O
been	O
killed	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Iran	I-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Iraq	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
-RRB-	O
.	O


Though	O
he	O
held	O
a	O
master	O
's	O
degree	O
in	O
engineering	O
,	O
Abather	B-PERSON
had	O
n't	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
job	O
in	O
the	O
doldrums	O
of	O
sanctions	O
-	O
era	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O


so	O
he	O
was	O
scraping	O
together	O
a	O
living	O
repairing	O
watches	O
,	O
his	O
wife	O
and	O
children	O
crammed	O
into	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
small	O
home	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
soldiers	O
were	O
very	O
understanding	O
,	O
''	O
Abather	B-PERSON
recalls	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
was	O
impressed	O
.	O
''	O


They	O
offered	O
the	O
family	O
an	O
apartment	O
in	O
a	O
place	O
called	O
Iraqi	B-FAC
Village	I-FAC
,	O
a	O
compound	O
near	O
the	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
airport	O
where	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
had	O
housed	O
orphans	O
he	O
was	O
grooming	O
to	O
become	O
fedayeen	O
loyalists	O
.	O


In	O
return	O
,	O
the	O
couple	O
translated	O
for	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
eventually	O
the	B-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
National	I-ORG
Guard	I-ORG
's	I-ORG
1st	I-ORG
Battalion	I-ORG
303rd	I-ORG
Armored	I-ORG
Regiment	I-ORG
hired	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
as	O
an	O
interpreter	O
,	O
at	O
$	B-MONEY
15	I-MONEY
per	O
day	O
.	O


Abather	B-PERSON
ended	O
up	O
leading	O
a	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Army	I-ORG
-	O
contracted	O
security	O
squad	O
with	O
a	O
monthly	O
salary	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
130	I-MONEY
.	O


Learning	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
an	O
engineer	O
,	O
soldiers	O
later	O
gave	O
him	O
lucrative	O
reconstruction	O
assignments	O
.	O


He	O
started	O
an	O
engineering	O
firm	O
and	O
worked	O
with	O
contractors	O
such	O
as	O
ABB	B-ORG
and	O
Kellogg	B-ORG
,	I-ORG
Brown	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Root	I-ORG
;	O


in	O
one	B-CARDINAL
heady	O
year	B-DATE
,	O
Abather	B-PERSON
's	O
contracts	O
would	O
mushroom	O
from	O
a	B-MONEY
few	I-MONEY
thousand	I-MONEY
dollars	I-MONEY
to	O
an	O
$	O
862,000	B-MONEY
electrification	O
project	O
-LRB-	O
later	O
canceled	O
because	O
he	O
could	O
n't	O
procure	O
the	O
needed	O
equipment	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


Abather	B-PERSON
and	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
glow	O
with	O
wonder	O
when	O
they	O
speak	O
of	O
those	O
days	O
,	O
of	O
earning	O
a	O
good	O
living	O
and	O
having	O
their	O
own	O
home	O
for	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
time	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
all	O
,	O
Abather	B-PERSON
enjoyed	O
hanging	O
out	O
with	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
.	O


He	O
seems	O
to	O
remember	O
every	O
soldier	O
he	O
ever	O
met	O
:	O


Captain	B-PERSON
Philips	I-PERSON
and	O
Sergeant	B-PERSON
Buchard	I-PERSON
gave	O
his	O
children	O
toys	O
,	O
a	O
soccer	O
ball	O
,	O
and	O
school	O
stationery	O
;	O


Lieutenant	B-PERSON
Glenn	I-PERSON
Allen	I-PERSON
got	O
so	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
family	O
they	O
called	O
him	O
``	O
Uncle	B-PERSON
Allen	I-PERSON
.	O
''	O


-LRB-	O
Allen	B-PERSON
confirmed	O
Abather	B-PERSON
's	O
story	O
in	O
emails	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
calling	O
him	O
and	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
``	O
very	O
helpful	O
individuals	O
''	O
who	O
``	O
risked	O
their	O
lives	O
by	O
meeting	O
with	O
us	O
.	O
''	O
-RRB-	O


It	O
was	O
as	O
if	O
they	O
had	O
suddenly	O
found	O
themselves	O
citizens	O
of	O
the	O
51st	B-ORDINAL
state	O
.	O


And	O
so	O
,	O
in	O
October	B-DATE
2004	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
Abather	B-PERSON
got	O
his	O
first	O
death	O
threat	O
,	O
he	O
thought	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
joke	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
handwritten	O
,	O
tucked	O
under	O
the	O
windshield	O
wiper	O
of	O
his	O
car	O
inside	O
Iraqi	B-FAC
Village	I-FAC
,	O
a	O
gated	O
community	O
with	O
American	B-NORP
checkpoints	O
at	O
both	O
its	O
entrances	O
;	O


The	O
note	O
read	O
:	O


Abather	B-PERSON
,	O
Leave	O
your	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
.	O


Otherwise	O
you	O
will	O
be	O
killed	O
by	O
jihadis	O
because	O
you	O
are	O
a	O
traitor	O
.	O


Jihad	B-ORG
Army	I-ORG


Then	O
the	O
killings	O
began	O
.	O


Lieutenant	B-PERSON
Allen	I-PERSON
had	O
once	O
given	O
Abather	B-PERSON
a	O
photo	O
depicting	O
two	B-CARDINAL
American	B-NORP
soldiers	O
with	O
five	B-CARDINAL
of	O
their	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
friends	O
.	O


Three	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
were	O
assassinated	O
in	O
short	O
order	O
.	O


Abather	B-PERSON
began	O
to	O
notice	O
cars	O
following	O
him	O
,	O


and	O
a	O
few	O
times	O
shots	O
were	O
fired	O
at	O
his	O
car	O
.	O


The	O
anonymous	O
notes	O
grew	O
increasingly	O
menacing	O
.	O


Eventually	O
,	O
Iraqi	B-FAC
Village	I-FAC
felt	O
so	O
dangerous	O
that	O
Abather	B-PERSON
and	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
moved	O
the	O
family	O
back	O
to	O
his	O
father	O
's	O
house	O
.	O


A	O
death	O
threat	O
arrived	O
there	O
almost	O
immediately	O
.	O


Still	O
Abather	B-PERSON
continued	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
.	O


One	O
day	O
in	O
August	B-DATE
2005	I-DATE
,	O
Abather	B-PERSON
was	O
driving	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
,	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
pregnant	O
with	O
their	O
second	B-ORDINAL
child	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
doctor	O
's	O
appointment	O
.	O


At	O
an	O
intersection	O
,	O
he	O
noticed	O
a	O
gold	O
car	O
parked	O
by	O
the	O
road	O
;	O


suddenly	O
the	O
two	B-CARDINAL
men	O
in	O
it	O
leveled	O
guns	O
at	O
him	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
''	O
Abather	B-PERSON
thought	O
,	O


and	O
then	O
a	O
U.S.	B-NORP
patrol	O
appeared	O


and	O
the	O
assailants	O
vanished	O
into	O
traffic	O
.	O


Within	O
days	O
,	O
Abather	B-PERSON
and	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
had	O
sold	O
off	O
their	O
belongings	O
and	O
fled	O
to	O
Amman	B-GPE
.	O


Their	O
troubles	O
had	O
only	O
just	O
begun	O
.	O


The	B-FAC
U.S.	I-FAC
Embassy	I-FAC
in	O
Amman	B-GPE
is	O
an	O
attractive	O
,	O
Arabian	B-NORP
-	O
style	O
fortress	O
,	O
heavily	O
guarded	O
machine	O
-	O
gunners	O
in	O
Ford	B-ORG
pickups	O
.	O


It	O
sits	O
high	O
on	O
a	O
hillside	O
,	O


and	O
the	O
view	O
is	O
so	O
phenomenal	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
imagine	O
your	O
gaze	O
reaching	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
border	O
,	O
some	B-QUANTITY
200	I-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
away	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
foreground	O
,	O
Amman	B-GPE
's	O
rolling	O
mosaic	O
of	O
pale	O
,	O
boxy	O
limestone	O
buildings	O
shimmers	O
against	O
the	O
azure	O
sky	O
.	O


At	O
its	O
edges	O
,	O
in	O
dank	O
apartments	O
on	O
outlying	O
hillsides	O
,	O
lives	O
a	O
substantial	O
portion	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
's	O
educated	O
middle	O
class	O
.	O


Almost	O
all	O
fled	O
in	O
a	O
panic	O
,	O
after	O
getting	O
death	O
threats	O
or	O
seeing	O
loved	O
ones	O
murdered	O
;	O


many	O
were	O
targeted	O
by	O
insurgents	O
or	O
jihadis	O
because	O
they	O
supported	O
,	O
or	O
worked	O
for	O
,	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
.	O


Of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
27	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
prewar	O
population	O
,	O
about	O
1	B-CARDINAL
in	O
8	B-CARDINAL
--	O
some	B-CARDINAL
3.4	I-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
people	O
--	O
have	O
left	O
their	O
homes	O
since	O
the	O
invasion	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
United	I-ORG
Nations	I-ORG
High	I-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Refugees	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
unhcr	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
,	O


and	O
more	O
than	O
half	O
of	O
those	O
have	O
ended	O
up	O
abroad	O
.	O


Refugees	B-ORG
International	I-ORG
labels	O
this	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
fastest	O
-	O
growing	O
humanitarian	O
crisis	O
.	O


Yet	O
the	B-ORG
Bush	I-ORG
administration	I-ORG
has	O
refused	O
to	O
so	O
much	O
as	O
acknowledge	O
the	O
refugees	O
'	O
plight	O
,	O
let	O
alone	O
help	O
them	O
get	O
to	O
safety	O
or	O
even	O
provide	O
basic	O
humanitarian	O
aid	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
notes	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Frelick	I-PERSON
,	O
refugee	O
policy	O
director	O
at	O
Human	B-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
Watch	I-ORG
,	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
has	O
often	O
aided	O
those	O
persecuted	O
for	O
supporting	O
it	O
;	O


since	O
the	B-EVENT
Vietnam	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
,	O
1	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
Vietnamese	B-NORP
refugees	O
have	O
been	O
resettled	O
in	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
,	O
including	O
tens	B-CARDINAL
of	I-CARDINAL
thousands	I-CARDINAL
of	O
South	B-NORP
Vietnamese	I-NORP
army	O
veterans	O
.	O


But	O
the	B-ORG
Bush	I-ORG
administration	I-ORG
``	O
has	O
abdicated	O
that	O
obligation	O
,	O
''	O
says	O
Frelick	B-PERSON
.	O


``	O
The	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
fled	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
the	O
administration	O
was	O
relying	O
on	O
to	O
build	O
democracy	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
;	O


it	O
would	O
rather	O
ignore	O
them	O
than	O
acknowledge	O
that	O
its	O
initiative	O
has	O
failed	O
.	O
''	O


It	O
was	O
in	O
Jordan	B-GPE
that	O
Abather	B-PERSON
and	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
discovered	O
the	O
limitations	O
of	O
their	O
friendship	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Lieutenant	B-PERSON
``	I-PERSON
Uncle	I-PERSON
''	I-PERSON
Allen	I-PERSON
had	O
emailed	O
the	O
embassy	O
in	O
Amman	B-GPE
to	O
explain	O
that	O
the	O
family	O
feared	O
for	O
their	O
lives	O
;	O


he	O
'd	O
even	O
offered	O
to	O
sponsor	O
their	O
relocation	O
``	O
to	O
the	O
safety	O
of	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O
''	O


An	O
unsigned	O
email	O
from	O
the	O
embassy	O
commended	O
Allen	B-PERSON
--	O
''	O
I	O
know	O
that	O
your	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
friends	O
appreciate	O
your	O
friendship	O
''	O
--	O
but	O
noted	O
that	O
U.S.	B-NORP
visas	O
are	O
``	O
quite	O
difficult	O
''	O
for	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
to	O
get	O
.	O


Since	O
9	B-EVENT
/	I-EVENT
11	I-EVENT
,	O
Middle	B-NORP
Easterners	I-NORP
in	O
general	O
,	O
and	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
in	O
particular	O
,	O
have	O
faced	O
enormous	O
hurdles	O
getting	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
;	O


until	O
2005	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Bush	I-ORG
administration	I-ORG
maintained	O
a	O
total	O
freeze	O
on	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
that	O
shut	O
out	O
current	O
refugees	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
hundreds	B-CARDINAL
of	O
people	O
who	O
had	O
fled	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
regime	O
years	B-DATE
earlier	I-DATE
.	O


The	O
email	O
nonetheless	O
provided	O
instructions	O
on	O
getting	O
a	O
tourist	O
visa	O
,	O


and	O
Abather	B-PERSON
and	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
quickly	O
filed	O
their	O
application	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
$	O
200	B-MONEY
fee	O
--	O
almost	O
two	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
'	O
rent	O
.	O


Several	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
they	O
were	O
notified	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
visit	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
for	O
up	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
three	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
,	O
but	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
bring	O
their	O
children	O
.	O


They	O
then	O
made	O
repeated	O
visits	O
to	O
the	O
unhcr	B-ORG
to	O
apply	O
for	O
official	O
refugee	O
status	O
.	O


As	O
it	O
has	O
with	O
almost	B-PERCENT
99	I-PERCENT
percent	I-PERCENT
of	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
who	O
have	O
come	O
through	O
its	O
office	O
in	O
Amman	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
agency	O
turned	O
them	O
down	O
.	O


Abather	B-PERSON
and	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
set	O
their	O
sights	O
on	O
a	O
visa	O
to	O
Australia	B-GPE
,	O
a	O
major	O
destination	O
for	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
refugees	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
hired	O
an	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
lawyer	O
there	O
.	O


They	O
waited	O
for	O
months	B-DATE
.	O


Their	O
savings	O
dwindled	O
;	O


then	O
their	O
baby	O
fell	O
ill	O
,	O


and	O
the	O
emergency	O
surgery	O
,	O
for	O
an	O
intestinal	O
obstruction	O
,	O
cost	O
$	O
2,100	B-MONEY
in	O
cash	O
.	O


In	O
early	O
June	O
2006	O
,	O
Abather	B-PERSON
got	O
a	O
rejection	O
letter	O
from	O
Australia	B-GPE
.	O


Around	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
word	O
came	O
that	O
his	O
father	O
had	O
died	O
of	O
a	O
heart	O
attack	O
.	O


So	O
he	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
to	O
bury	O
his	O
father	O
,	O
help	O
his	O
mother	O
find	O
a	O
place	O
to	O
live	O
,	O
and	O
buy	O
state	O
-	O
subsidized	O
medicine	O
for	O
his	O
daughter	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
he	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
Jordanian	B-NORP
border	O
less	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
week	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
was	O
told	O
he	O
could	O
n't	O
reenter	O
the	O
country	O
:	O


Having	O
recently	O
suffered	O
two	B-CARDINAL
terrorist	O
attacks	O
,	O
Jordan	B-GPE
had	O
enacted	O
a	O
ban	O
on	O
entry	O
for	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
men	O
aged	O
17	B-DATE
to	I-DATE
35	I-DATE
.	O


For	O
two	B-DATE
days	I-DATE
Abather	B-PERSON
stood	O
on	O
the	O
highway	O
at	O
the	O
border	O
post	O
,	O
beseeching	O
successive	O
shifts	O
of	O
immigration	O
officials	O
.	O


Finally	O
,	O
a	O
guard	O
promised	O
to	O
send	O
the	O
medicine	O
to	O
his	O
family	O
in	O
Amman	B-GPE
if	O
he	O
would	O
just	O
go	O
away	O
.	O


Once	O
again	O
Abather	B-PERSON
headed	O
back	O
to	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
.	O


Driving	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
a	O
few	O
days	O
later	O
,	O
he	O
noticed	O
a	O
bmw	B-PRODUCT
--	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
gangster	O
's	O
vehicle	O
of	O
choice	O
--	O
in	O
his	O
rearview	O
mirror	O
,	O
closing	O
in	O
.	O


The	O
car	O
forced	O
him	O
off	O
the	O
road	O
;	O


armed	O
men	O
blindfolded	O
him	O
and	O
knocked	O
him	O
unconscious	O
.	O


When	O
he	O
woke	O
up	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
tiny	O
room	O
,	O
handcuffed	O
to	O
a	O
chair	O
.	O


Masked	O
men	O
came	O
and	O
went	O
,	O
videotaping	O
as	O
they	O
cursed	O
him	O
as	O
a	O
traitor	O
.	O


They	O
whipped	O
him	O
with	O
a	O
steel	O
cable	O
;	O


six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
later	I-DATE
,	O
his	O
back	O
was	O
still	O
etched	O
by	O
deep	O
,	O
evenly	O
spaced	O
grooves	O
.	O


``	O
We	O
've	O
been	O
searching	O
for	O
you	O
for	O
a	O
year	O
,	O
''	O
his	O
captors	O
told	O
him	O
.	O


Abather	O
recognized	O
the	O
voice	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
man	O
,	O
an	O
acquaintance	O
from	O
Iraqi	B-FAC
Village	I-FAC
who	O
had	O
seemed	O
to	O
befriend	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
.	O


``	O
I	O
'm	O
sorry	O
your	O
father	O
passed	O
away	O
,	O
''	O
the	O
man	O
said	O
.	O


Soon	O
,	O
a	O
bearded	O
imam	O
sentenced	O
Abather	B-PERSON
to	O
decapitation	O
for	O
collaborating	O
with	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
.	O


Abather	B-PERSON
barely	O
heard	O
the	O
proceedings	O
.	O


``	O
I	O
was	O
thinking	O
the	O
whole	O
time	O
about	O
my	O
little	O
daughter	O
in	O
Amman	B-GPE
.	O
''	O


He	O
was	O
told	O
he	O
could	O
save	O
himself	O
by	O
spying	O
on	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
,	O
but	O
he	O
refused	O
.	O


On	O
the	B-DATE
eighth	I-DATE
day	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
men	O
asked	O
if	O
there	O
was	O
anything	O
he	O
wanted	O
before	O
he	O
died	O
;	O


then	O
they	O
put	O
him	O
on	O
the	O
floor	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
the	O
bmw	B-PRODUCT
and	O
sped	O
off	O
.	O


Suddenly	O
,	O
Abather	B-PERSON
heard	O
gunshots	O
.	O


The	O
men	O
shouted	O
.	O


The	O
car	O
crashed	O
,	O


and	O
everything	O
went	O
black	O
.	O


He	O
woke	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
bed	O
60	B-QUANTITY
miles	I-QUANTITY
from	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
;	O


Iraqi	B-NORP
forces	O
had	O
attacked	O
the	O
bmw	B-PRODUCT
and	O
pulled	O
him	O
from	O
the	O
burning	O
wreck	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
a	O
compound	O
fracture	O
in	O
his	O
leg	O
and	O
severe	O
burns	O
all	O
over	O
his	O
body	O
,	O


but	O
the	O
nurses	O
urged	O
him	O
to	O
leave	O
:	O


His	O
captors	O
would	O
be	O
looking	O
for	O
him	O
.	O


His	O
brother	O
--	O
who	O
had	O
received	O
a	O
ransom	O
note	O
from	O
the	O
kidnappers	O
,	O
complete	O
with	O
a	O
photo	O
of	O
Abather	B-PERSON
bound	O
and	O
gagged	O
--	O
brought	O
him	O
back	O
to	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
where	O
doctors	O
fused	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
plastic	O
onto	O
his	O
shin	O
and	O
grafted	O
skin	O
from	O
his	O
thighs	O
over	O
his	O
wounds	O
.	O


A	O
few	O
weeks	O
later	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
back	O
at	O
the	O
Jordanian	B-NORP
border	O
,	O


and	O
this	O
time	O
the	O
guards	O
took	O
pity	O
.	O


The	O
family	O
had	O
n't	O
told	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
of	O
the	O
kidnapping	O
.	O


But	O
when	O
she	O
saw	O
her	O
disfigured	O
husband	O
,	O
she	O
says	O
,	O
``	O
I	O
knew	O
right	O
away	O
what	O
happened	O
.	O
''	O


On	O
a	O
crisp	O
,	O
clear	O
day	O
this	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
December	I-DATE
,	O
clutching	O
a	O
sheaf	O
of	O
papers	O
documenting	O
Abather	B-PERSON
and	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
'	O
ordeal	O
--	O
contracts	O
,	O
soldiers	O
'	O
recommendations	O
,	O
death	O
threats	O
,	O
a	O
missing	O
-	O
person	O
report	O
--	O
I	O
headed	O
to	O
American	B-ORG
Citizen	I-ORG
Services	I-ORG
at	O
the	B-FAC
U.S.	I-FAC
Embassy	I-FAC
in	O
Amman	B-GPE
.	O


Abather	B-PERSON
and	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
had	O
made	O
several	O
pilgrimages	O
there	O
;	O


they	O
were	O
convinced	O
that	O
if	O
only	O
they	O
could	O
speak	O
to	O
an	O
American	B-NORP
,	O
Abather	B-PERSON
's	O
charred	O
and	O
mangled	O
flesh	O
would	O
make	O
their	O
case	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
had	O
never	O
gotten	O
past	O
the	O
Jordanian	B-NORP
security	O
guards	O
.	O


Outside	O
the	O
embassy	O
,	O
I	O
joined	O
a	O
chatty	O
,	O
eclectic	O
crowd	O
of	O
Americans	B-NORP
:	O
a	O
retired	O
hippie	O
turned	O
English	B-LANGUAGE
teacher	O
from	O
Vermont	B-GPE
;	O
a	O
woman	O
with	O
a	O
New	B-GPE
York	I-GPE
accent	O
who	O
struggled	O
through	O
the	O
narrow	O
eye	O
-	O
slit	O
in	O
her	O
black	O
veil	O
to	O
keep	O
track	O
of	O
her	O
hyperactive	O
daughter	O
;	O
a	O
white	O
-	O
bearded	O
man	O
in	O
a	O
Santa	B-PERSON
hat	O
,	O
who	O
said	O
he	O
was	O
picking	O
up	O
his	O
passport	O
before	O
returning	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
North	I-LOC
Pole	I-LOC
.	O


I	O
wondered	O
whether	O
any	O
of	O
us	O
would	O
risk	O
our	O
lives	O
for	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
as	O
Abather	B-PERSON
and	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
had	O
.	O


To	O
get	O
past	O
the	O
compound	O
's	O
first	B-ORDINAL
wall	O
,	O
we	O
navigated	O
a	O
metal	O
detector	O
,	O
a	O
body	O
frisk	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
X-ray	O
machine	O
;	O


after	O
crossing	O
a	O
30	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
foot	I-QUANTITY
no	O
man	O
's	O
land	O
we	O
repeated	O
the	O
process	O
at	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
wall	O
.	O


Then	O
we	O
waited	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
.	O


The	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
admits	O
more	O
refugees	O
than	O
any	O
country	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O


but	O
in	O
2006	B-DATE
,	O
only	O
202	B-CARDINAL
Iraqis	B-NORP
were	O
allowed	O
in	O
,	O


and	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
had	O
fled	O
persecution	O
under	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
before	O
the	O
war	O
.	O


This	O
year	O
,	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
of	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
,	O
Tibetans	B-NORP
,	O
Sri	B-NORP
Lankans	I-NORP
,	O
and	O
Afghans	B-NORP
must	O
compete	O
for	O
a	O
mere	O
5,500	B-CARDINAL
refugee	O
slots	O
Congress	B-ORG
has	O
allocated	O
for	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
and	O
South	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
.	O


The	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
are	O
in	O
line	O
behind	O
their	O
compatriots	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
waiting	O
in	O
Jordan	B-GPE
since	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	B-DATE
.	O


Like	O
other	O
Western	B-NORP
representatives	O
,	O
U.S.	B-NORP
officials	O
here	O
refer	O
displaced	O
people	O
to	O
the	O
unhcr	B-ORG
,	O
which	O
is	O
charged	O
with	O
determining	O
whether	O
someone	O
is	O
a	O
real	O
refugee	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
so	O
,	O
with	O
finding	O
him	O
a	O
safe	O
place	O
to	O
go	O
.	O


Except	O
that	O
,	O
as	O
Amman	B-GPE
unhcr	B-ORG
head	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Breen	I-PERSON
told	O
me	O
,	O
a	O
1998	B-DATE
agreement	O
with	O
Jordan	B-GPE
forbids	O
the	O
agency	O
from	O
classifying	O
anyone	O
as	O
a	O
refugee	O
whom	O
it	O
ca	O
n't	O
get	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
within	O
six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
--	O
an	O
impossibility	O
in	O
the	O
post	O
/	B-EVENT
11	I-EVENT
world	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
A	O
country	O
of	O
about	O
6	B-CARDINAL
million	I-CARDINAL
,	O
Jordan	B-GPE
has	O
long	O
had	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
highest	O
refugee	O
population	O
per	O
capita	O
,	O
hosting	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
million	B-CARDINAL
Palestinians	B-NORP
who	O
fled	O
Israel	B-GPE
in	O
1948	B-DATE
and	O
were	O
supposed	O
to	O
stay	O
only	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Of	O
the	O
21,000	B-CARDINAL
Iraqi	B-NORP
asylum	O
seekers	O
the	O
office	O
has	O
registered	O
since	O
the	O
U.S.	B-NORP
invasion	O
,	O
only	O
291	B-CARDINAL
have	O
been	O
granted	O
refugee	O
status	O
;	O
meanwhile	O
the	O
line	O
outside	O
the	O
unhcr	B-ORG
's	O
gates	O
gets	O
longer	O
every	O
week	B-DATE
,	O


and	O
the	O
wait	O
for	O
an	O
interview	O
stands	O
at	O
five	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
.	O


To	O
care	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
region	O
's	O
displaced	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
,	O
the	O
agency	O
had	O
a	O
total	O
budget	O
of	O
$	B-MONEY
22	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
2006	B-DATE
--	O
less	O
than	O
$	O
7	B-MONEY
a	O
person	O
,	O
which	O
must	O
cover	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
Kafkaesque	O
registration	O
programs	O
but	O
also	O
basic	O
survival	O
aid	O
to	O
refugees	O
trapped	O
in	O
desert	O
camps	O
or	O
squatting	O
in	O
abandoned	O
buildings	O
.	O


Recognizing	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
``	O
severe	O
humanitarian	O
suffering	O
,	O
''	O
the	B-ORG
Iraq	I-ORG
Study	I-ORG
Group	I-ORG
in	O
December	B-DATE
recommended	O
that	O
``	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
take	O
the	O
lead	O
''	O
in	O
funding	O
the	O
UNHCR	B-ORG
's	O
Iraq	B-GPE
program	O
;	O


currently	O
it	O
donates	O
no	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
quarter	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
budget	O
.	O


Direct	O
U.S.	B-NORP
aid	O
to	O
the	O
refugees	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
tiny	O
grant	O
to	O
the	O
Catholic	B-NORP
relief	O
organization	O
Caritas	B-ORG
-LRB-	O
see	O
``	O
How	O
to	O
Help	O
,	O
''	O
page	O
68	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
embassy	O
,	O
I	O
recounted	O
Abather	B-PERSON
and	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
'	O
ordeal	O
at	O
Window	O
3	B-CARDINAL
,	O
then	O
at	O
Window	O
1	B-CARDINAL
--	O
the	O
setup	O
was	O
similar	O
to	O
visitation	O
in	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
security	O
prison	O
.	O


Then	O
,	O
at	O
Window	O
4	B-CARDINAL
,	O
I	O
told	O
the	O
story	O
again	O
to	O
the	O
consul	O
general	O
,	O
who	O
stood	O
behind	O
the	O
bulletproof	O
glass	O
wearing	O
a	O
telephone	O
headset	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
expecting	O
to	O
hear	O
that	O
``	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
is	O
doing	O
its	O
best	O
to	O
help	O
,	O
''	O


but	O
there	O
was	O
only	O
silence	O
as	O
the	O
consul	O
's	O
eyes	O
welled	O
up	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
An	O
Amman	B-GPE
-	O
based	O
aid	O
worker	O
later	O
told	O
me	O
that	O
American	B-NORP
diplomats	O
are	O
so	O
distraught	O
by	O
the	O
policies	O
they	O
are	O
charged	O
with	O
representing	O
that	O
``	O
it	O
just	O
takes	O
a	O
few	O
gin	O
and	O
tonics	O
and	O
they	O
'll	O
break	O
down	O
.	O
''	O
-RRB-	O


Finally	O
,	O
the	O
consul	O
said	O
,	O
``	O
We	O
hear	O
stories	O
like	O
this	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
.	O


We	O
have	O
enormous	O
empathy	O
for	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
who	O
've	O
suffered	O
after	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
,	O


but	O
there	O
's	O
really	O
nothing	O
the	O
embassy	O
can	O
do	O
for	O
them	O
.	O
''	O


She	O
handed	O
me	O
a	O
document	O
outlining	O
Congress	B-ORG
'	O
sole	O
concession	O
to	O
people	O
like	O
Abather	B-PERSON
and	O
Balqes	B-PERSON
:	O
visas	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
50	B-CARDINAL
military	O
translators	O
from	O
Iraq	B-GPE
or	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
each	O
year	O
.	O


``	O
But	O
do	O
n't	O
get	O
their	O
hopes	O
up	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
added	O
quickly	O
;	O


there	O
were	O
thousands	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
story	O
.	O


``	O
This	O
is	O
something	O
Congress	B-ORG
really	O
needs	O
to	O
address	O
,	O
''	O
she	O
said	O
as	O
we	O
parted	O
.	O


The	O
administration	O
certainly	O
does	O
n't	O
seem	O
inclined	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
initiative	O
.	O


Philip	B-PERSON
A.	I-PERSON
Frayne	I-PERSON
,	O
an	O
embassy	O
spokesman	O
in	O
Amman	B-GPE
,	O
told	O
me	O
that	O
``	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
reliable	O
figures	O
''	O
on	O
how	O
many	O
people	O
have	O
fled	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
that	O
in	O
any	O
case	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
who	O
drove	O
out	O
``	O
a	B-PERCENT
large	I-PERCENT
percentage	I-PERCENT
''	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


Likewise	O
,	O
in	O
its	O
2006	B-DATE
annual	O
refugee	O
report	O
to	O
Congress	B-ORG
,	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
focused	O
mainly	O
on	O
those	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
-	O
era	O
exiles	O
,	O
and	O
blithely	O
intoned	O
,	O
``	O
It	O
is	O
hoped	O
that	O
significant	O
numbers	O
of	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
refugees	O
will	O
soon	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
return	O
home	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
security	O
situation	O
will	O
remain	O
an	O
important	O
consideration	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
report	O
ignored	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
survey	O
by	O
the	O
nonprofit	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Committee	I-ORG
for	I-ORG
Refugees	I-ORG
,	O
644,500	B-CARDINAL
new	O
refugees	O
entered	O
Jordan	B-GPE
and	O
Syria	B-GPE
in	O
2005	B-DATE
alone	O
.	O


And	O
2006	B-DATE
will	O
likely	O
be	O
worse	O
.	O


As	O
much	O
as	O
a	O
quarter	B-CARDINAL
of	O
greater	B-LOC
Amman	I-LOC
's	I-LOC
population	O
is	O
now	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
,	O


and	O
the	O
crowds	O
have	O
exacerbated	O
the	O
city	O
's	O
severe	O
water	O
shortage	O
.	O


Prices	O
have	O
skyrocketed	O
.	O


Until	O
recently	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
children	O
could	O
n't	O
attend	O
Jordanian	B-NORP
schools	O
,	O


and	O
their	O
parents	O
can	O
not	O
legally	O
work	O
;	O


easily	O
identified	O
by	O
their	O
dialect	O
,	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
are	O
discriminated	O
against	O
and	O
terrified	O
of	O
deportation	O
.	O


Some	O
refugees	O
never	O
go	O
outside	O
.	O


Jordanian	B-NORP
government	O
spokesman	O
Nasser	B-PERSON
S.	I-PERSON
Judeh	I-PERSON
told	O
me	O
that	O
his	O
country	O
,	O
a	O
staunch	O
U.S.	B-NORP
ally	O
and	O
aid	O
recipient	O
,	O
``	O
certainly	O
needs	O
help	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
held	O
discussions	O
with	O
U.S.	B-NORP
diplomats	O
''	O
about	O
this	O
issue	O
.	O


Incidentally	O
,	O
Human	B-ORG
Rights	I-ORG
Watch	I-ORG
has	O
also	O
called	O
upon	O
the	O
Gulf	B-LOC
Arab	B-NORP
states	O
to	O
pitch	O
in	O
;	O


Saudi	B-GPE
Arabia	I-GPE
's	I-GPE
response	O
so	O
far	O
has	O
been	O
to	O
plan	O
construction	O
of	O
a	O
560	B-QUANTITY
-	I-QUANTITY
mile	I-QUANTITY
wall	O
along	O
its	O
border	O
with	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Before	O
I	O
left	O
Jordan	B-GPE
,	O
Abather	B-PERSON
invited	O
me	O
to	O
visit	O
his	O
family	O
and	O
a	O
physician	O
friend	O
from	O
Baghdad	B-PERSON
who	O
shares	O
their	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
room	O
basement	O
apartment	O
.	O


On	O
the	O
Al	B-ORG
Zawraa	I-ORG
TV	O
channel	O
from	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
,	O
we	O
watched	O
U.S.	B-ORG
Army	I-ORG
vehicles	O
disappear	O
behind	O
roadside	O
bomb	O
blasts	O
as	O
a	O
man	O
sang	O
,	O
``	O
Let	O
's	O
go	O
kill	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
!	O
''	O


The	O
channel	O
's	O
endless	O
stream	O
of	O
anti-American	B-NORP
propaganda	O
perplexed	O
Abather	B-PERSON
and	O
his	O
friends	O
:	O


``	O
Why	O
does	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
allow	O
this	O
?	O
''	O
they	O
inquired	O
.	O


When	O
images	O
of	O
dead	O
children	O
supposedly	O
killed	O
by	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
hit	O
the	O
screen	O
,	O
Abather	B-PERSON
's	O
friend	O
switched	O
to	O
a	O
channel	O
on	O
which	O
voluptuous	O
Arab	B-NORP
women	O
danced	O
in	O
an	O
un-Islamic	B-NORP
way	O
.	O


Balqes	B-PERSON
served	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
coffee	O
,	O


and	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
baby	O
from	O
playing	O
with	O
the	O
colorful	O
cups	O
,	O
Abather	B-PERSON
suspended	O
her	O
from	O
an	O
elastic	O
swing	O
above	O
our	O
heads	O
.	O


She	O
giggled	O
as	O
he	O
bounced	O
her	O
by	O
her	O
tiny	O
foot	O
.	O


This	O
is	O
her	O
prison	O
,	O
he	O
joked	O
.	O


Six	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
after	O
the	O
kidnapping	O
,	O
he	O
still	O
had	O
n't	O
gotten	O
the	O
surgery	O
he	O
needed	O
to	O
heal	O
his	O
burned	O
flesh	O
;	O


if	O
the	O
wounds	O
become	O
infected	O
,	O
he	O
could	O
die	O
.	O


Abather	B-PERSON
rarely	O
complained	O
.	O


God	O
is	O
testing	O
us	O
,	O
he	O
said	O
.	O


But	O
we	O
will	O
get	O
through	O
it	O
.	O


He	O
looked	O
at	O
the	O
girl	O
bouncing	O
from	O
the	O
ceiling	O
and	O
smiled	O
.	O


I	O
have	O
a	O
daughter	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
'm	O
very	O
happy	O
.	O


Balqes	B-PERSON
was	O
more	O
fearful	O
--	O
twice	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
month	O
,	O
suspicious	O
men	O
had	O
shown	O
up	O
at	O
the	O
apartment	O
.	O


Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
she	O
worried	O
,	O
had	O
already	O
caught	O
up	O
with	O
them	O
.	O


How	O
to	O
Help	O


Very	O
few	O
organizations	O
are	O
working	O
on	O
getting	O
aid	O
to	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
refugees	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
those	O
that	O
are	O
,	O
many	O
are	O
too	O
small	O
or	O
too	O
beleaguered	O
to	O
accept	O
individual	O
donations	O
;	O


the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
Red	B-ORG
Crescent	I-ORG
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
has	O
suffered	O
bombings	O
and	O
mass	O
kidnappings	O
,	O
yet	O
its	O
volunteers	O
continue	O
to	O
deliver	O
aid	O
to	O
displaced	O
families	O
inside	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
larger	O
relief	O
organizations	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
refugees	O
is	O
the	O
Catholic	B-NORP
group	O
Caritas	B-ORG
,	O
whose	O
caseworkers	O
I	O
shadowed	O
while	O
in	O
Amman	B-GPE
.	O


Bucking	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
the	O
Land	B-PRODUCT
Rover	I-PRODUCT
-	O
driving	O
aid	O
worker	O
,	O
they	O
made	O
their	O
rounds	O
in	O
an	O
aging	O
gray	O
Honda	B-PRODUCT
,	O
its	O
roof	O
eaten	O
through	O
by	O
rust	O
.	O


They	O
visited	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
doctors	O
,	O
engineers	O
,	O
and	O
executives	O
desperate	O
for	O
food	O
,	O
heat	O
,	O
or	O
blankets	O
to	O
fend	O
off	O
the	O
desert	O
winter	O
;	O


one	B-CARDINAL
family	O
told	O
the	O
crew	O
they	O
had	O
just	O
sold	O
their	O
stove	O
to	O
buy	O
food	O
.	O


Caritas	B-ORG
helps	O
a	B-CARDINAL
few	I-CARDINAL
thousand	I-CARDINAL
families	O
a	O
year	O
,	O


but	O
the	O
demand	O
far	O
outstrips	O
the	O
money	O
available	O
to	O
us	O
,	O
says	O
Magy	B-PERSON
Mahrous	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
oversees	O
the	O
project	O
.	O


You	O
can	O
make	O
a	O
contribution	O
at	O
:	O
International	O
Catholic	O
Migration	O
Commission	O
Citibank	O
USA	O
153	O
East	O
53rd	O
Street	O
,	O
16th	O
floor	O
New	O
York	O
,	O
NY	O
10043	O
Account	O
#	O
10100491	O
,	O
ABA	O
#	O
21000089	O
,	O
Swift	O
Code	O
CITIUS33	O


To	O
ensure	O
that	O
the	O
money	O
reaches	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
program	O
,	O
write	O
Iraq	B-GPE
-	O
icmc	O
on	O
your	O
check	O
.	O


Tomgram	O
:	O
Roger	B-PERSON
Morris	I-PERSON
on	O
The	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
Legacy	O


By	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Engelhardt	I-PERSON


Created	O
Feb	B-DATE
17	I-DATE
2007	I-DATE
-	O
11:39am	B-TIME


Here	O
's	O
a	O
classic	O
Rumsfeldism	O
-LSB-	O
1	O
-RSB-	O
:	O


``	O
We	O
do	O
have	O
a	O
saying	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
:	O


if	O
you	O
're	O
in	O
a	O
hole	O
,	O
stop	O
digging	O
...	O


erm	O
,	O
I	O
'm	O
not	O
sure	O
I	O
should	O
have	O
said	O
that	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
Part	O
2	B-CARDINAL
of	O
his	O
historical	O
excavation	O
of	O
the	O
life	O
and	O
world	O
of	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Rumsfeld	I-PERSON
-LRB-	O
not	O
to	O
speak	O
of	O
the	O
worlds	O
of	O
both	B-PERSON
President	I-PERSON
Bushes	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
neocons	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	B-NORP
military	O
,	O
the	O
GOP	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
an	O
indolent	O
media	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
Roger	B-PERSON
Morris	I-PERSON
,	O
already	O
deep	O
in	O
that	O
hole	O
,	O
just	O
keeps	O
digging	O
away	O
.	O


In	O
doing	O
so	O
,	O
he	O
offers	O
us	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
long	O
march	O
to	O
power	O
,	O
his	O
lasting	O
legacies	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
costly	O
lessons	O
of	O
this	O
comeback	O
kid	O
.	O


So	O
much	O
that	O
went	O
unheeded	O
in	O
the	O
years	B-DATE
in	O
which	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
once	O
again	O
scaled	O
the	O
heights	O
of	O
power	O
is	O
now	O
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
Morris	B-PERSON
,	O
compactly	O
on	O
the	O
record	O
.	O


``	O
The	O
absence	O
of	O
evidence	O
is	O
not	O
necessarily	O
the	O
evidence	O
of	O
absence	O
''	O
is	O
another	O
infamous	O
Rumsfeldism	O
.	O


How	O
true	O
.	O


And	O
in	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
absence	O
,	O
the	O
evidence	O
of	O
how	O
he	O
changed	O
our	O
world	O
for	O
the	O
worse	O
will	O
be	O
with	O
us	O
to	O
consider	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
to	O
come	O
.	O


So	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
missed	O
it	O
,	O
check	O
out	O
``	O
Sharp	B-WORK_OF_ART
Elbows	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
-LSB-	O
2	B-CARDINAL
-RSB-	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
part	O
of	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Undertaker	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Tally	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
''	O
and	O
then	O
settle	O
in	O
for	O
the	O
sequel	O
,	O
the	O
one	O
you	O
thought	O
you	O
knew	O
until	O
you	O
read	O
``	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Power	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Glory	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O
''	O


Read	O
it	O
and	O
remember	O
,	O
the	O
bell	O
tolls	O
for	O
thee	O
.	O


Tom	B-PERSON


The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Power	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Glory	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
The	I-WORK_OF_ART
Undertaker	I-WORK_OF_ART
's	I-WORK_OF_ART
Tally	I-WORK_OF_ART
-LRB-	O
Part	O
2	B-CARDINAL
-RRB-	O


By	O
Roger	B-PERSON
Morris	I-PERSON


In	O
1976	B-DATE
,	O
when	O
Jimmy	B-PERSON
Carter	I-PERSON
took	O
the	O
Presidency	O
from	O
Gerald	B-PERSON
Ford	I-PERSON
,	O
outgoing	O
Defense	O
Secretary	O
Donald	B-PERSON
Rumsfeld	I-PERSON
went	O
off	O
to	O
seek	O
corporate	O
wealth	O
as	O
head	O
of	O
G.D.	B-ORG
Searle	I-ORG
,	O
a	O
Skokie	B-GPE
pharmaceutical	O
company	O
.	O


His	O
period	O
running	O
the	O
business	O
,	O
inherited	O
by	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
his	O
North	B-LOC
Shore	I-LOC
friend	O
and	O
early	O
backer	O
Dan	B-PERSON
Searle	I-PERSON
,	O
would	O
become	O
part	O
of	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
legend	O
of	O
success	O
as	O
a	O
master	O
manager	O
,	O
negligently	O
accepted	O
as	O
fact	O
by	O
the	O
media	O
and	O
Congressional	B-NORP
representatives	O
at	O
his	O
2001	B-DATE
confirmation	O
hearings	O
.	O


The	O
legend	O
went	O
this	O
way	O
:	O


Political	O
prodigy	O
slashes	O
payroll	O
60	B-PERCENT
%	I-PERCENT
,	O
turns	O
decrepit	O
loser	O
into	O
mega-profit	O
-	O
maker	O
,	O
earns	O
industry	O
kudos	O
and	O
multiple	B-CARDINAL
millions	I-CARDINAL
.	O


In	O
looking	O
at	O
men	O
of	O
prominence	O
like	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
who	O
revolve	O
in	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
private	O
sector	O
,	O
the	O
Washington	B-GPE
media	O
almost	O
invariably	O
adopts	O
the	O
press	O
-	O
release	O
or	O
booster	O
business	O
-	O
page	O
version	O
of	O
events	O
from	O
what	O
inside	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
Beltway	B-LOC
types	O
call	O
``	O
the	O
real	O
world	O
.	O
''	O


In	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
case	O
,	O
behind	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
corporate	O
savior	O
lay	O
a	O
far	O
more	O
relevant	O
and	O
ominous	O
history	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
documented	O
version	O
of	O
reality	O
,	O
derived	O
from	O
litigation	O
and	O
relatively	O
obscure	O
investigations	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
and	O
abroad	O
,	O
Searle	B-ORG
turned	O
out	O
to	O
enjoy	O
its	O
notable	O
rise	O
less	O
thanks	O
to	O
Rumsfeldian	O
innovative	O
managerial	O
genius	O
than	O
to	O
old	O
-	O
fashioned	O
reckless	O
marketing	O
of	O
pharmaceuticals	O
already	O
on	O
the	O
shelf	O
and	O
the	O
calling	O
in	O
of	O
lobbying	O
``	O
markers	O
''	O
via	O
its	O
well	O
-	O
connected	O
Republican	B-NORP
CEO	O
.	O


And	O
over	O
it	O
all	O
wafted	O
the	O
distinctive	O
odor	O
of	O
corrupt	O
practices	O
.	O


A	O
case	O
in	O
point	O
was	O
Searle	B-ORG
's	O
anti-diarrhea	O
medicine	O
Lomotil	B-PRODUCT
,	O
sold	O
ever	O
more	O
widely	O
and	O
profitably	O
internationally	O
-LRB-	O
in	O
industry	O
terms	O
``	O
dumped	O
''	O
-RRB-	O
--	O
especially	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
in	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1970s	I-DATE
--	O
despite	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
failure	O
to	O
warn	O
of	O
its	O
potentially	O
dire	O
effects	O
on	O
younger	O
children	O
.	O


``	O
A	O
blindly	O
harmful	O
stopcock	O
,	O
''	O
one	B-CARDINAL
medical	O
journal	O
called	O
the	O
remedy	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
poisonous	O
to	O
infants	O
only	O
slightly	O
above	O
Searle	B-ORG
's	O
recommended	O
dosage	O
.	O


Even	O
taken	O
according	O
to	O
directions	O
,	O
Lomotil	B-PRODUCT
was	O
known	O
to	O
mask	O
dangerous	O
dehydration	O
and	O
cause	O
a	O
lethal	O
build	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
fluids	O
internally	O
.	O


Having	O
advertised	O
the	O
medicine	O
as	O
``	O
ideal	O
for	O
every	O
situation	O
,	O
''	O
Searle	B-ORG
did	O
not	O
undertake	O
a	O
cautionary	O
labeling	O
change	O
until	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1981	I-DATE
,	O
nearly	B-DATE
five	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
into	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
tenure	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
only	O
when	O
threatened	O
with	O
damaging	O
publicity	O
by	O
children	O
's	O
advocacy	O
groups	O
.	O


Part	O
of	O
the	O
vast	O
outrage	O
of	O
multinational	O
``	O
pharmas	O
''	O
exploiting	O
the	B-LOC
Third	I-LOC
World	I-LOC
,	O
the	O
company	O
under	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
would	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
more	O
publicized	O
Upjohn	B-ORG
with	O
its	O
Depo	B-PRODUCT
-	I-PRODUCT
Provera	I-PRODUCT
,	O
be	O
implicated	O
in	O
widespread	O
bribery	O
of	O
officials	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
others	O
-RRB-	O
in	O
poorer	O
countries	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
oral	O
contraceptives	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
found	O
unsafe	O
for	O
American	B-NORP
or	O
European	B-NORP
women	O
.	O


But	O
Searle	B-ORG
's	O
magic	O
potion	O
,	O
concocted	O
well	O
before	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
arrival	O
,	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
controversial	O
artificial	O
sweetener	O
aspertame	O
,	O
marketed	O
under	O
the	O
trade	O
name	O
NutraSweet	B-PRODUCT
.	O


By	O
1977	B-DATE
,	O
the	B-ORG
Food	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Drug	I-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
FDA	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
had	O
staunchly	O
refused	O
to	O
approve	O
aspertame	O
for	O
some	B-DATE
16	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
finding	O
test	O
data	O
dubious	O
or	O
inconclusive	O
and	O
fearing	O
that	O
potential	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
dangers	O
might	O
prove	O
prohibitive	O
.	O


As	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
took	O
over	O
in	O
Skokie	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
FDA	B-ORG
was	O
taking	O
the	O
rare	O
step	O
of	O
recommending	O
to	O
Justice	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
prosecutors	O
that	O
a	O
grand	O
jury	O
investigate	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
applications	O
for	O
FDA	B-ORG
approval	O
for	O
``	O
willful	O
and	O
knowing	O
failure	O
to	O
make	O
reports	O
.	O
concealing	O
material	O
facts	O
and	O
making	O
false	O
statements	O
''	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
the	O
statutory	O
application	O
process	O
required	O
by	O
law	O
and	O
FDA	B-ORG
standards	O
.	O


Over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
federal	O
regulators	O
held	O
firm	O
against	O
Searle	B-ORG
's	O
heavily	O
financed	O
campaigns	O
.	O


Only	O
with	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
's	O
election	O
in	O
1980	B-DATE
did	O
fix	O
and	O
favor	O
supplant	O
science	O
and	O
the	O
public	O
interest	O
.	O


Having	O
campaigned	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
president	O
and	O
been	O
named	O
to	O
his	O
transition	O
team	O
,	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
told	O
his	O
Searle	B-ORG
sales	O
force	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
later	O
testimony	O
,	O
that	O
``	O
he	O
would	O
call	O
in	O
all	O
his	O
markers	O
and	O
that	O
no	O
matter	O
what	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
see	O
to	O
it	O
that	O
aspartame	O
would	O
be	O
approved	O
.	O
''	O


The	O
sequel	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
classic	O
of	O
the	O
genre	O
:	O


Searle	B-ORG
's	O
reapplication	O
to	O
the	O
FDA	B-ORG
the	O
day	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
was	O
inaugurated	O
;	O
the	O
prompt	O
appointment	O
of	O
an	O
agreeable	O
FDA	B-ORG
commissioner	O
who	O
would	O
later	O
go	O
to	O
work	O
for	O
Searle	B-ORG
's	O
public	O
relations	O
firm	O
for	O
$	O
1,000	B-MONEY
a	O
day	O
;	O
further	O
questionable	O
,	O
company	O
-	O
commissioned	O
tests	O
with	O
more	O
doubts	O
by	O
FDA	B-ORG
scientists	O
but	O
approval	O
of	O
aspertame	O
nonetheless	O
;	O
a	O
later	O
plague	O
of	O
health	O
problems	O
but	O
by	O
then	O
vast	O
profits	O
throughout	O
the	O
corporate	O
food	O
economy	O
followed	O
by	O
lavish	O
,	O
multi-company	O
contributions	O
to	O
Congressional	B-NORP
committee	O
members	O
to	O
stifle	O
any	O
outcry	O
;	O
eventually	O
,	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
350	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
class	O
-	O
action	O
suit	O
alleging	O
racketeering	O
,	O
fraud	O
,	O
and	O
multiple	O
abuses	O
centering	O
on	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
,	O
who	O
meanwhile	O
had	O
become	O
gloriously	O
rich	O
from	O
aspertame	O
and	O
the	O
$	B-MONEY
2.7	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
sale	O
of	O
Searle	B-ORG
to	O
Monsanto	B-ORG
in	O
1985	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
his	O
return	O
to	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
in	O
2001	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
would	O
go	O
duly	O
unscathed	O
by	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
history	O
.	O


By	O
the	O
time	O
litigation	O
would	O
be	O
filed	O
,	O
the	B-GPE
United	I-GPE
States	I-GPE
was	O
already	O
18	B-DATE
months	I-DATE
into	O
the	O
occupation	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Envoy	O


As	O
it	O
was	O
,	O
despite	O
his	O
business	O
conquests	O
,	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
missed	O
an	O
even	O
greater	O
prize	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
been	O
on	O
a	O
short	O
list	O
to	O
become	O
Ronald	B-PERSON
Reagan	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
running	O
mate	O
in	O
the	O
1980	B-DATE
presidential	O
campaign	O
when	O
the	O
candidate	O
unexpectedly	O
reached	O
for	O
his	O
defeated	O
primary	O
rival	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
nemesis	O
-RRB-	O
George	B-PERSON
H.W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
.	O


While	O
,	O
over	O
the	B-DATE
next	I-DATE
12	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
Bush	B-PERSON
went	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
vice	O
-	O
presidency	O
and	O
presidency	O
,	O
and	O
Jim	B-PERSON
Baker	I-PERSON
--	O
equally	O
detested	O
by	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
--	O
went	O
along	O
with	O
his	O
patron	O
to	O
White	B-ORG
House	I-ORG
staff	O
and	O
cabinet	O
power	O
,	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
would	O
build	O
his	O
Searle	B-ORG
fortune	O
and	O
bide	O
his	O
time	O
.	O


The	O
one	B-CARDINAL
exception	O
to	O
his	O
involuntary	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
-	O
era	O
exile	O
from	O
government	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
stint	O
in	O
1983	B-DATE
as	O
special	O
presidential	O
envoy	O
to	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
.	O


He	O
would	O
be	O
sent	O
to	O
arrange	O
U.S.	B-NORP
support	O
for	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
Iraq	B-GPE
in	O
its	O
war	O
with	O
the	O
hated	O
Iranians	B-NORP
of	O
Ayatollah	B-PERSON
Khomeini	I-PERSON
,	O
a	O
role	O
little	O
noticed	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
which	O
nonetheless	O
produced	O
the	O
notorious	O
photo	O
of	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
shaking	O
hands	O
with	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
dictator	O
.	O


The	O
deeper	O
story	O
was	O
far	O
more	O
embarrassing	O
than	O
any	O
simple	O
handshake	O
.	O


Most	O
of	O
the	O
relevant	O
records	O
on	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
several	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
month	I-DATE
assignment	O
are	O
still	O
classified	O
,	O
though	O
it	O
is	O
clear	O
that	O
,	O
as	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Equal	I-ORG
Opportunity	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
OEO	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
,	O
he	O
took	O
on	O
his	O
mission	O
with	O
a	O
passion	O
.	O


He	O
worked	O
to	O
shower	O
on	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
in	O
a	O
manner	O
as	O
unnoticed	O
as	O
possible	O
-RRB-	O
an	O
infamous	O
flow	O
of	O
intelligence	O
,	O
financial	O
credits	O
,	O
and	O
sensitive	O
materials	O
and	O
technology	O
that	O
would	O
come	O
to	O
underpin	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
chemical	O
and	O
bacteriological	O
warfare	O
programs	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
hideous	O
gas	O
attacks	O
on	O
Shia	B-NORP
dissidents	O
and	O
Kurds	B-NORP
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
Iranian	B-NORP
forces	O
.	O


In	O
general	O
,	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
put	O
his	O
shoulder	O
to	O
the	O
wheel	O
to	O
shore	O
up	O
the	O
war	O
-	O
worn	O
Baathist	B-NORP
regime	O
that	O
had	O
attacked	O
Iran	B-GPE
in	O
1980	B-DATE
.	O


In	O
this	O
mid-1980s	B-DATE
de	O
facto	O
alliance	O
with	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
,	O
as	O
in	O
much	O
else	O
,	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
was	O
never	O
alone	O
.	O


Their	O
gambit	O
was	O
,	O
in	O
turn	O
,	O
backed	O
by	O
Senators	O
and	O
Congressmen	O
in	O
both	O
parties	O
who	O
were	O
briefed	O
on	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
mission	O
and	O
obligingly	O
shunned	O
oversight	O
of	O
the	O
manifold	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
sometimes	O
illegal	O
collusion	O
with	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
.	O


Their	O
dereliction	O
was	O
assured	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
general	O
animus	O
toward	O
Iran	B-GPE
on	O
a	B-ORG
Capitol	I-ORG
Hill	I-ORG
then	O
effectively	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
Republicans	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
increasingly	O
under	O
the	O
bipartisan	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
growing	O
Israeli	B-NORP
lobby	O
and	O
its	O
Tel	B-GPE
Aviv	I-GPE
handlers	O
.	O


The	O
lobby	O
quietly	O
,	O
cynically	O
pushed	O
both	O
for	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
administration	O
aid	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
and	O
for	O
covert	O
arms	O
-	O
dealing	O
with	O
Iran	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
later	O
exposed	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Iran	I-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Contra	I-EVENT
scandal	I-EVENT
-RRB-	O
,	O
viewing	O
the	O
ongoing	O
no	O
-	O
winners	O
carnage	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
Islamic	B-NORP
states	O
as	O
a	O
boon	O
.	O


All	O
this	O
went	O
on	O
largely	O
unreported	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
customary	O
media	O
diffidence	O
or	O
indolence	O
on	O
national	O
security	O
issues	O
.	O


Historically	O
,	O
the	O
moral	O
outrage	O
and	O
far	O
-	O
reaching	O
political	O
folly	O
of	O
Washington	B-ORG
's	O
furtive	O
arming	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
tyranny	O
to	O
bleed	O
another	O
,	O
with	O
untold	O
casualties	O
on	O
each	O
side	O
-LRB-	O
including	O
the	O
murderous	O
suppression	O
of	O
would	O
-	O
be	O
democrats	O
in	O
both	O
countries	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
would	O
belong	O
at	O
the	O
doorstep	O
of	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
's	O
reactionary	O
regime	O
and	O
the	O
Washington	B-ORG
foreign	O
-	O
policy	O
establishment	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
.	O


Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
role	O
was	O
instrumental	O
and	O
in	O
some	O
respects	O
crucial	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
larger	O
disgrace	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
intelligence	O
briefings	O
he	O
received	O
as	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
ranking	O
U.S.	B-NORP
official	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
Iraq	B-GPE
since	O
the	B-EVENT
Baghdad	I-EVENT
Pact	I-EVENT
of	O
the	O
1950s	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
uniquely	O
aware	O
,	O
as	O
no	O
other	O
senior	O
figure	O
in	O
Washington	B-ORG
,	O
of	O
the	O
brutal	O
character	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
Hussein	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
regime	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
sectarian	O
,	O
regional	O
,	O
tribal	O
,	O
and	O
clan	O
politics	O
that	O
lay	O
behind	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
Ba'athists	B-NORP
were	O
a	O
government	O
,	O
after	O
all	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
CIA	B-ORG
itself	O
had	O
helped	O
to	O
recruit	O
and	O
install	O
in	O
the	O
coup	O
of	O
1963	B-DATE
,	O
reinstalled	O
in	O
1968	B-DATE
when	O
the	O
Agency	B-ORG
's	O
original	O
clients	O
lost	O
control	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
watched	O
closely	O
while	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
had	O
a	O
flirtation	O
-LRB-	O
involving	O
an	O
arms	O
-	O
supply	O
relationship	O
-RRB-	O
with	O
the	O
feared	O
Russians	B-NORP
-LRB-	O
whose	O
influence	O
the	O
bloody	O
1963	B-DATE
coup	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
counter	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
particularly	O
true	O
in	O
the	O
aftermath	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Arab	I-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Israeli	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
1973	I-EVENT
with	O
its	O
peace	O
agreements	O
from	O
which	O
Iraq	B-GPE
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
principal	O
remaining	O
challenge	O
to	O
Israel	B-GPE
.	O


By	O
1983	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
volatile	O
,	O
complex	O
currents	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
political	O
culture	O
,	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
's	O
essentially	O
family	O
and	O
clan	O
rule	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
now	O
crude	O
,	O
now	O
subtle	O
layering	O
of	O
Sunni	B-NORP
and	O
Shia	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
Ba'athist	B-NORP
bureaucracy	O
and	O
plutocracy	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
wartime	O
distrust	O
and	O
savage	O
repression	O
of	O
a	O
suspect	O
,	O
subordinate	O
Shia	B-NORP
majority	O
,	O
were	O
well	O
known	O
to	O
outside	O
intelligence	O
agencies	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
scholars	O
and	O
journalists	O
.	O


The	O
CIA	B-ORG
,	O
DIA	B-ORG
and	O
State	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
Bureaus	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Near	I-ORG
Eastern	I-ORG
Affairs	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Intelligence	I-ORG
and	I-ORG
Research	I-ORG
--	O
and	O
certainly	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
as	O
presidential	O
envoy	O
--	O
also	O
had	O
reason	O
to	O
understand	O
much	O
about	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
's	O
grandiose	O
ambition	O
,	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
's	O
old	O
rivalry	O
with	O
Egypt	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
lead	O
a	O
pan-Arab	B-NORP
nationalist	O
renaissance	O
to	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
future	O
parity	O
with	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
nuclear	O
-	O
armed	O
military	O
might	O
.	O


In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
usual	O
extensive	O
intelligence	O
-	O
sharing	O
with	O
Israel	B-GPE
's	O
Mossad	B-ORG
,	O
less	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
two	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
before	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
Iraq	B-GPE
mission	O
CIA	B-ORG
operatives	O
had	O
literally	O
lit	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
Israeli	B-GPE
F	O
fighter	O
bombers	O
in	O
their	O
June	B-DATE
1981	I-DATE
surprise	O
attack	O
on	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
's	O
fledgling	O
nuclear	O
reactor	O
at	O
Osiraq	B-GPE
.	O


They	O
planted	O
guidance	O
transmitters	O
along	O
the	O
low	O
-	O
level	O
flight	O
path	O
under	O
Jordanian	B-NORP
and	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
radar	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
painting	O
the	O
target	O
with	O
lasers	O
.	O


The	O
Agency	B-ORG
and	O
Mossad	B-ORG
then	O
watched	O
as	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
dauntlessly	O
,	O
defiantly	O
began	O
to	O
rebuild	O
and	O
expand	O
their	O
nuclear	O
program	O
.	O


From	O
some	O
400	B-CARDINAL
scientists	O
and	O
technicians	O
with	O
$	B-MONEY
400	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
in	O
funding	O
,	O
that	O
program	O
would	O
grow	O
to	O
perhaps	O
7,000	B-CARDINAL
scientists	O
and	O
technicians	O
with	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
$	B-MONEY
10	I-MONEY
billion	I-MONEY
at	O
their	O
command	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
was	O
indirectly	O
made	O
possible	O
by	O
the	O
bounty	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
carried	O
to	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
in	O
the	O
mid-1980s	B-DATE


For	O
anyone	O
dealing	O
seriously	O
with	O
these	O
issues	O
,	O
there	O
could	O
have	O
been	O
little	O
doubt	O
that	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
would	O
use	O
the	O
considerable	O
aid	O
and	O
trade	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
was	O
sliding	O
his	O
way	O
under	O
the	O
table	O
to	O
mount	O
a	O
better	O
-	O
armed	O
,	O
more	O
bloody	O
war	O
on	O
Iran	B-GPE
,	O
to	O
further	O
the	O
regime	O
's	O
most	O
ambitious	O
dreams	O
of	O
weapons	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
tyrannize	O
all	O
the	O
more	O
savagely	O
potentially	O
rebellious	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
Shiites	B-NORP
and	O
Kurds	B-NORP
.	O


As	O
Washington	B-ORG
watched	O
,	O
he	O
did	O
all	O
of	O
that	O
--	O


and	O
no	O
one	O
could	O
have	O
been	O
less	O
surprised	O
than	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
himself	O
.	O


Long	O
afterward	O
,	O
as	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
ugly	O
essence	O
of	O
his	O
mission	O
to	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
dribbled	O
out	O
amid	O
the	O
ruins	O
of	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
occupation	O
,	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
would	O
be	O
faulted	O
for	O
pandering	O
to	O
,	O
and	O
appeasing	O
,	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
-LRB-	O
whose	O
gassing	O
of	O
the	O
Kurds	B-NORP
had	O
already	O
begun	O
-RRB-	O
--	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
,	O
timorous	O
,	O
hypocritical	O
statement	O
issued	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
in	O
March	B-DATE
1984	I-DATE
criticizing	O
his	O
use	O
of	O
chemical	O
weapons	O
.	O


The	O
actual	O
toll	O
of	O
the	O
policy	O
to	O
which	O
he	O
was	O
integral	O
would	O
prove	O
so	O
much	O
higher	O
as	O
time	O
passed	O
.	O


Iraqi	B-NORP
chemical	O
weapons	O
plants	O
bombed	O
in	O
the	O
1991	B-DATE
Gulf	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
released	O
agents	O
to	O
which	O
some	O
100,000	B-CARDINAL
American	B-NORP
troops	O
were	O
exposed	O
.	O


The	O
infamous	O
Gulf	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
Syndrome	I-EVENT
might	O
evend	O
be	O
traced	O
in	O
some	O
measure	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	B-NORP
credits	O
,	O
materiel	O
,	O
and	O
technology	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
knowingly	O
conveyed	O
seven	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
before	I-DATE
.	O


So	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
could	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
's	O
brutal	O
1980s	B-DATE
repression	O
of	O
the	O
Shia	B-NORP
,	O
underlying	O
the	O
sectarian	O
animus	O
and	O
resolve	O
for	O
vengeance	O
and	O
dominance	O
by	O
the	O
U.S.	B-NORP
-	O
installed	O
Shia	B-NORP
regime	O
after	O
2003	B-DATE
that	O
shaped	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
,	O
and	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
,	O
historic	O
failure	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Others	O
colluded	O
at	O
every	O
turn	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
scandal	O
of	O
policy	O
toward	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Colin	B-PERSON
Powell	I-PERSON
,	O
then	O
the	O
Chairman	O
of	O
the	O
Joint	O
Chiefs	O
,	O
and	O
Dick	B-PERSON
Cheney	I-PERSON
,	O
as	O
Secretary	O
of	O
Defense	O
during	O
the	B-EVENT
First	I-EVENT
Gulf	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
,	O
would	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
be	O
directly	O
complicit	O
in	O
the	O
Syndrome	B-EVENT
outrage	O
.	O


Yet	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
participants	O
in	O
the	O
larger	O
post	O
/	B-EVENT
11	I-EVENT
disaster	O
was	O
more	O
directly	O
responsible	O
than	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
.	O


While	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
's	O
special	O
envoy	O
was	O
,	O
with	O
his	O
usual	O
energy	O
and	O
sharp	O
elbows	O
,	O
dickering	O
with	O
the	O
Iraqis	B-NORP
in	O
the	O
mid-1980s	B-DATE
,	O
Condoleezza	B-PERSON
Rice	I-PERSON
was	O
an	O
assistant	O
professor	O
of	O
no	O
scholarly	O
distinction	O
at	O
Stanford	B-ORG
;	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
a	O
third	B-ORDINAL
-	O
term	O
congressman	O
from	O
Wyoming	B-GPE
squirming	O
up	O
the	O
House	B-ORG
leadership	O
ladder	O
;	O
future	O
viceroy	O
of	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
L.	B-PERSON
Paul	I-PERSON
``	I-PERSON
Jerry	I-PERSON
''	I-PERSON
Bremer	I-PERSON
moving	O
from	O
State	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
clerk	O
and	O
Alexander	B-PERSON
Haig	I-PERSON
protege	O
to	O
lavish	O
-	O
party	O
giving	O
ambassador	O
to	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
;	O
and	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
,	O
still	O
by	O
his	O
own	O
account	O
given	O
to	O
``	O
heavy	O
drinking	O
,	O
''	O
absorbed	O
in	O
changing	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
his	O
chronically	O
failed	O
Arbusto	B-ORG
Energy	I-ORG
oil	O
company	O
to	O
Bush	B-ORG
Exploration	I-ORG
.	O


Waiting	O
Game	O


By	O
1987	B-DATE
,	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
was	O
flexing	O
his	O
muscles	O
once	O
more	O
,	O
preparing	O
for	O
the	O
ultimate	O
goal	O
,	O
assembling	O
money	O
and	O
party	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
presidential	O
run	O
against	O
George	B-PERSON
H.	I-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
in	O
1988	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
after	O
a	B-DATE
dozen	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
out	O
of	O
office	O
,	O
and	O
against	O
the	O
entrenched	O
power	O
of	O
an	O
heir	O
apparent	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
soon	O
enough	O
discover	O
that	O
backing	O
just	O
was	O
not	O
there	O
.	O


Off	O
more	O
recent	O
prominence	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
wider	O
political	O
base	O
,	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
would	O
try	O
to	O
mount	O
his	O
own	O
presidential	O
campaign	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1990s	I-DATE
,	O
only	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
same	O
bitter	O
rejection	O


Historians	O
will	O
only	O
guess	O
at	O
the	O
rancor	O
building	O
in	O
these	O
two	B-CARDINAL
deeply	O
ambitious	O
,	O
deeply	O
disappointed	O
figures	O
at	O
the	O
president	O
they	O
had	O
,	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
,	O
whom	O
they	O
no	O
doubt	O
saw	O
as	O
manifestly	O
,	O
maddeningly	O
inferior	O
.	O


The	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
-	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
recompense	O
,	O
at	O
vast	O
cost	O
to	O
the	O
nation	O
and	O
world	O
,	O
would	O
be	O
their	O
fierce	O
seizure	O
of	O
power	O
after	O
September	B-EVENT
11	I-EVENT
,	I-EVENT
2001	I-EVENT
.	O


Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
spent	O
the	O
1990s	B-DATE
again	O
in	O
business	O
,	O
becoming	O
CEO	O
of	O
General	B-ORG
Instruments	I-ORG
,	O
then	O
Chairman	O
of	O
Gilead	B-ORG
Sciences	I-ORG
Pharmaceuticals	I-ORG
,	O
with	O
another	O
history	O
reminiscent	O
of	O
Searle	B-ORG
.	O


In	O
1990	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
joined	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
ABB	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
Swedish	B-NORP
-	O
Swiss	B-NORP
conglomerate	O
that	O
had	O
gobbled	O
up	O
companies	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
latter	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
,	O
including	O
Westinghouse	B-ORG
energy	O
operations	O
,	O
and	O
would	O
move	O
aggressively	O
to	O
win	O
a	O
$	B-MONEY
200	I-MONEY
-	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
contract	O
for	O
``	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
key	O
components	O
''	O
for	O
light	O
-	O
water	O
nuclear	O
reactors	O
in	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
.	O


Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
pursued	O
this	O
prize	O
even	O
while	O
chairing	O
a	O
Congressional	B-NORP
commission	O
on	O
missile	O
threats	O
that	O
found	O
a	O
``	O
clear	O
danger	O
''	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
from	O
Pyongyang	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
the	O
alarming	O
report	O
,	O
his	O
otherwise	O
fulsome	O
resume	O
failed	O
to	O
mention	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
an	O
ABB	B-ORG
director	O
.	O


In	O
1996	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
took	O
leave	O
from	O
Gilead	B-ORG
to	O
become	O
chief	O
foreign	O
policy	O
advisor	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
Wolfowitz	B-PERSON
,	O
in	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Dole	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
failed	O
presidential	O
run	O
.	O


He	O
would	O
end	O
as	O
the	O
campaign	O
's	O
eighteen	B-TIME
-	I-TIME
hour	I-TIME
-	O
a	O
-	O
day	O
manager	O
.	O


By	O
1997	B-DATE
,	O
amid	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
scale	O
takeover	O
of	O
the	O
Washington	B-ORG
GOP	B-ORG
by	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
churning	O
cabal	O
of	O
neoconservatives	O
,	O
he	O
joined	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
and	O
Wolfowitz	B-PERSON
on	O
a	O
Newt	B-PERSON
Gingirch	I-PERSON
-	O
instigated	O
Congressional	B-ORG
Policy	I-ORG
Advisory	I-ORG
Board	I-ORG
to	O
shape	O
attacks	O
on	O
the	O
second	B-ORDINAL
Clinton	B-ORG
Administration	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
January	B-DATE
1998	I-DATE
,	O
he	O
signed	O
the	O
celebrated	O
letter	O
so	O
publicly	O
sent	O
to	O
Clinton	B-PERSON
from	O
the	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
,	O
Israeli	B-NORP
lobby	O
-	O
dominated	O
Project	B-ORG
for	I-ORG
a	I-ORG
New	I-ORG
American	I-ORG
Century	I-ORG
.	O


Alongside	O
Wolfowitz	B-PERSON
,	O
Perle	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
others	O
soon	O
to	O
be	O
key	O
players	O
in	O
the	O
younger	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
regime	O
,	O
he	O
vigorously	O
urged	O
the	O
``	O
removal	O
''	O
of	O
Saddam	B-PERSON
.	O


In	O
July	B-DATE
1998	I-DATE
,	O
there	O
followed	O
the	O
``	O
Rumsfeld	B-ORG
Commission	I-ORG
''	O
report	O
on	O
missile	O
threats	O
,	O
wildly	O
claiming	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
unnamed	O
debut	O
of	O
the	O
``	O
axis	O
of	O
evil	O
''	O
drawn	O
from	O
the	O
testimony	O
and	O
staff	O
work	O
of	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
ideologues	O
,	O
that	O
Iran	B-GPE
,	O
Iraq	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
North	B-GPE
Korea	I-GPE
would	O
each	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
``	O
inflict	O
major	O
destruction	O
''	O
on	O
the	O
U.S.	B-GPE
by	O
2002	B-DATE
.	O


Through	O
it	O
all	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
first	O
seven	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
and	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
a	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	O
their	O
rule	O
after	O
the	O
seamy	O
election	O
of	O
2000	B-DATE
,	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
no	O
trace	O
of	O
the	O
actual	O
danger	O
that	O
erupted	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
September	B-DATE
morning	O
sky	O
in	O
2001	B-DATE
.	O


Though	O
he	O
had	O
repaired	O
surface	O
relations	O
with	O
the	O
Bushes	B-PERSON
,	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
took	O
no	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
2000	B-DATE
race	O
.	O


In	O
any	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
elder	O
Bush	B-PERSON
had	O
erased	O
him	O
from	O
his	O
son	O
's	O
list	O
of	O
possible	O
running	O
mates	O
,	O
while	O
ultimately	O
waving	O
through	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
reactionary	O
animus	O
had	O
been	O
relatively	O
well	O
masked	O
at	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-FAC
in	O
1989	B-DATE
.	O


When	O
,	O
post-election	O
,	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
vetoed	O
Governor	O
Tom	B-PERSON
Ridge	I-PERSON
for	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
,	O
and	O
there	O
were	O
throbbing	O
neocon	O
fears	O
that	O
a	O
cosmetic	O
Powell	B-PERSON
,	O
bureaucrat	O
at	O
heart	O
,	O
would	O
be	O
far	O
too	O
equivocal	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
would	O
be	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
's	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
Bush	B-PERSON
's	O
,	O
antidote	O
.	O


His	O
appointment	O
was	O
a	O
mark	O
of	O
the	O
extreme	O
poverty	O
of	O
Republican	B-NORP
talent	O
the	O
administration	O
reflected	O
so	O
graphically	O
.	O


The	O
supposed	O
party	O
of	O
national	O
security	O
,	O
having	O
held	O
the	B-FAC
White	I-FAC
House	I-FAC
for	O
five	B-CARDINAL
of	O
the	O
last	O
eight	B-CARDINAL
terms	O
and	O
dominated	O
Congress	B-ORG
for	O
much	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
previous	I-DATE
30	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
,	O
had	O
no	O
serious	O
alternative	O
to	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
had	O
perched	O
atop	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
a	O
full	O
quarter	B-DATE
-	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
before	O
.	O


Apart	O
from	O
the	O
patently	O
right	O
-	O
wing	O
,	O
widely	O
discredited	O
missile	O
panel	O
he	O
had	O
chaired	O
,	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
had	O
shown	O
no	O
palpable	O
interest	O
or	O
competence	O
in	O
the	O
ever	O
more	O
complex	O
defense	O
issues	O
accumulating	O
since	O
then	O
,	O
much	O
less	O
the	O
rapidly	O
changing	O
politics	O
of	O
the	O
post-Cold	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
world	O
.	O
Nonetheless	O
,	O
fit	O
,	O
relatively	O
youthful	O
at	O
69	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
strode	O
again	O
into	O
the	O
E-Ring	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
speculation	O
that	O
the	O
old	O
Halloween	B-EVENT
Massacre	I-EVENT
goal	O
was	O
still	O
there	O
,	O
that	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
,	O
with	O
his	O
uncertain	O
health	O
,	O
might	O
step	O
aside	O
in	O
2004	B-DATE
,	O
that	O
the	O
undertaker	O
might	O
yet	O
reach	O
the	B-FAC
Oval	I-FAC
Office	I-FAC
.	O


Mastery	O


Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
began	O
his	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
reprise	O
by	O
seizing	O
on	O
a	O
dead	O
Russian	B-NORP
marshal	O
and	O
an	O
octogenarian	B-DATE
Washington	B-ORG
bureaucrat	O
few	O
had	O
ever	O
heard	O
of	O
.	O


Like	O
Osama	B-PERSON
bin	I-PERSON
Laden	I-PERSON
,	O
steely	O
-	O
haired	O
Nikolai	B-PERSON
Ogarkov	I-PERSON
first	O
came	O
to	O
light	O
during	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
war	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
1977	B-DATE
,	O
at	O
50	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
had	O
become	O
a	O
prodigal	O
chief	O
of	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
General	B-ORG
Staff	I-ORG
.	O


In	O
that	O
superannuated	O
,	O
medal	O
-	O
mummified	O
company	O
,	O
he	O
proved	O
a	O
dynamic	O
,	O
technically	O
inclined	O
,	O
forward	O
-	O
thinking	O
young	O
general	O
.	O


Over	O
the	O
ensuing	O
years	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
an	O
impressive	O
Moscow	B-ORG
spokesman	O
on	O
arms	O
control	O
,	O
and	O
defend	O
stubbornly	O
,	O
even	O
abjectly	O
,	O
the	O
1983	B-DATE
shooting	O
down	O
of	O
a	O
civilian	O
Korean	B-ORG
Airlines	I-ORG
747	B-PRODUCT
that	O
had	O
veered	O
into	O
Soviet	B-NORP
air	O
space	O
.	O


Ogarkov	B-PERSON
would	O
fall	O
from	O
power	O
in	O
a	O
1984	B-DATE
Kremlin	B-ORG
struggle	O
over	O
weapons	O
spending	O
,	O
write	O
a	O
valedictory	O
book	O
warning	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
militarism	O
,	O
and	O
die	O
in	O
post-Soviet	B-NORP
obscurity	O
in	O
1994	B-DATE
.	O


But	O
his	O
main	O
,	O
if	O
esoteric	O
,	O
historical	O
distinction	O
would	O
lie	O
in	O
a	O
slight	O
1982	B-DATE
pamphlet	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
blamed	O
the	O
early	O
,	O
nearly	O
lethal	O
Russian	B-NORP
defeats	O
in	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
on	O
a	O
failure	O
to	O
adapt	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
German	B-NORP
blitzkrieg	O
concepts	O
in	O
tank	O
warfare	O
.	O


Recent	O
U.S.	B-NORP
advances	O
in	O
weapons	O
technology	O
,	O
he	O
argued	O
,	O
could	O
leave	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
similarly	O
vulnerable	O
if	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
adapt	O
quickly	O
enough	O
.	O


Sweeping	O
changes	O
in	O
tactics	O
and	O
arms	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
more	O
agile	O
,	O
responsive	O
armed	O
forces	O
were	O
needed	O
to	O
face	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
challenge	O
,	O
the	O
Marshal	O
advised	O
.	O


Otherwise	O
,	O
Soviet	B-NORP
forces	O
would	O
fall	O
into	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
devastating	O
traps	O
on	O
a	O
future	O
remote	O
-	O
targeted	O
battlefield	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
enemy	O
would	O
utilize	O
the	O
latest	O
computerized	O
surveillance	O
and	O
information	O
systems	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
form	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
tech	O
warfare	O
.	O


His	O
vision	O
soon	O
gained	O
vogue	O
as	O
much	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
as	O
amid	O
the	O
stultified	O
upper	O
reaches	O
of	O
the	O
Soviet	B-NORP
military	O
of	O
the	B-DATE
early	I-DATE
1980s	I-DATE
.	O


It	O
was	O
grandly	O
christened	O
--	O
and	O
welcomed	O
by	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
aficionados	O
--	O
as	O
the	B-EVENT
``	I-EVENT
Revolution	I-EVENT
in	I-EVENT
Military	I-EVENT
Affairs	I-EVENT
''	O
or	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
acronym	O
-	O
laden	O
world	O
,	O
RMA	B-EVENT
.	O


There	O
was	O
a	O
certain	O
banality	O
to	O
Ogarkov	B-PERSON
's	O
stress	O
on	O
technology	O
.	O


That	O
a	O
fighting	O
force	O
should	O
be	O
best	O
attuned	O
to	O
the	O
battlefield	O
and	O
adversary	O
of	O
the	O
moment	O
--	O
modern	O
,	O
adaptable	O
,	O
quick	O
,	O
and	O
informed	O
--	O
should	O
have	O
been	O
self	O
-	O
evident	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
order	O
of	O
the	O
bloody	O
lesson	O
80	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
before	O
of	O
the	O
Tsarist	B-NORP
cavalry	O
charging	O
entrenched	O
machine	O
guns	O
in	O
the	B-EVENT
Russo	I-EVENT
-	I-EVENT
Japanese	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
.	O


Yet	O
however	O
obvious	O
the	O
premise	O
,	O
the	O
RMA	B-EVENT
concept	O
--	O
transported	O
to	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
and	O
put	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
an	O
onrushing	O
generation	O
of	O
electronic	O
warfare	O
,	O
of	O
near	O
-	O
nuclear	O
effects	O
with	O
non-nuclear	O
means	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
Ogarkov	B-PERSON
's	O
call	O
for	O
fresh	O
tactics	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
thus	O
new	O
weaponry	O
and	O
higher	O
spending	O
-RRB-	O
--	O
was	O
taken	O
up	O
by	O
innovators	O
,	O
opportunists	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
assorted	O
hybrids	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	B-EVENT
Cold	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
.	O


This	O
was	O
particularly	O
so	O
among	O
the	O
Soviets	B-NORP
,	O
whose	O
rusty	O
Europe	B-LOC
-	O
heavy	O
military	O
was	O
already	O
being	O
shaken	O
and	O
bled	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
by	O
the	O
Mujahideen	O
--	O
in	O
1982	B-DATE
,	O
despite	O
ample	O
Saudi	B-NORP
money	O
,	O
still	O
only	O
partially	O
armed	O
by	O
their	O
cynical	O
CIA	B-NORP
,	O
Pakistani	B-NORP
,	O
and	O
Chinese	B-NORP
handlers	O
.	O


At	O
any	O
rate	O
,	O
Ogarkov	B-PERSON
's	O
truism	O
was	O
also	O
grist	O
for	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
's	O
back	O
-	O
ring	O
band	O
of	O
civilian	O
military	O
``	O
theorists	O
,	O
''	O
career	O
bureaucrats	O
ever	O
in	O
search	O
of	O
a	O
mission	O
and	O
occupationally	O
disposed	O
to	O
attribute	O
evil	O
genius	O
--	O
requiring	O
a	O
suitable	O
Washington	B-ORG
budgetary	O
response	O
--	O
to	O
the	O
Red	O
Menace	O
.	O


Short	O
,	O
bald	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
stylishly	O
severe	O
wire	O
-	O
rimmed	O
glasses	O
,	O
Andrew	B-PERSON
Marshall	I-PERSON
was	O
a	O
Dickensian	O
clerk	O
of	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
took	O
up	O
the	O
bureaucratic	O
cudgel	O
RMA	B-EVENT
represented	O
and	O
brought	O
it	O
down	O
inside	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
.	O


An	O
economist	O
by	O
training	O
,	O
he	O
had	O
begun	O
at	O
RAND	B-ORG
as	O
an	O
analyst	O
in	O
the	B-DATE
late	I-DATE
1940s	I-DATE
,	O
when	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
was	O
still	O
in	O
New	B-FAC
Trier	I-FAC
High	I-FAC
School	I-FAC
.	O


Marshall	B-PERSON
was	O
archetypical	O
in	O
the	O
career	O
-	O
making	O
fear	O
and	O
folly	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	B-NORP
-	O
Russian	B-NORP
mirror	O
-	O
image	O
rivalry	O
.	O


He	O
had	O
been	O
a	O
protege	O
of	O
think	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
unthinkable	O
,	O
World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
III	I-EVENT
theorist	O
Herman	B-PERSON
Kahn	I-PERSON
,	O
and	O
then	O
,	O
via	O
Henry	B-PERSON
Kissinger	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
mentor	O
Fritz	B-PERSON
Kraemer	I-PERSON
,	O
had	O
gone	O
to	O
work	O
for	O
Kissinger	B-PERSON
at	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
NSC	B-ORG
-RRB-	O
in	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
Nixon	B-PERSON
term	O
.	O


In	O
1973	B-DATE
,	O
he	O
moved	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
where	O
he	O
presided	O
over	O
his	O
own	O
obscure	O
nest	O
,	O
the	B-ORG
Office	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Net	I-ORG
Assessment	I-ORG
,	O
from	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
I	B-CARDINAL
to	O
II	B-CARDINAL
,	O
while	O
gradually	O
gaining	O
the	O
reputation	O
of	O
resident	O
genius	O
of	O
new	O
war	O
methods	O
.	O


Discreet	O
guru	O
to	O
reactionaries	O
,	O
ignored	O
but	O
thought	O
untouchable	O
by	O
Democrats	B-NORP
when	O
in	O
power	O
,	O
Marshall	B-PERSON
looked	O
on	O
as	O
the	O
Joint	O
Chiefs	O
not	O
only	O
spied	O
on	O
Kissinger	B-PERSON
's	O
arms	O
control	O
negotiations	O
with	O
the	O
Russians	B-NORP
,	O
but	O
also	O
played	O
an	O
ardent	O
supporting	O
role	O
in	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
's	O
fall	O
.	O


He	O
subsequently	O
signed	O
on	O
to	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
I	B-CARDINAL
's	O
denial	O
of	O
defeat	O
in	O
Vietnam	B-EVENT
and	O
then	O
,	O
on	O
RMA	B-EVENT
's	O
advent	O
,	O
used	O
the	O
concept	O
to	O
evoke	O
ominous	O
fears	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
Kremlin	B-ORG
military	O
prowess	O
,	O
justifying	O
the	O
orgy	O
of	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
spending	O
that	O
took	O
place	O
during	O
the	O
Reagan	B-PERSON
era	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Ironically	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
Ogarkov	B-PERSON
in	O
1982	B-DATE
was	O
arguing	O
for	O
a	O
Russian	B-NORP
response	O
to	O
a	O
still	O
largely	O
prospective	O
American	B-NORP
escalation	O
of	O
weaponry	O
and	O
warfare	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


While	O
the	O
U.S.	B-NORP
armaments	O
spree	O
of	O
the	O
1980s	B-DATE
paid	O
for	O
some	O
new	O
RMA	B-EVENT
developments	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
expenditures	O
fit	O
snugly	O
within	O
the	O
corrupt	O
,	O
obtuse	O
old	O
Cold	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
system	O
,	O
with	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
armed	O
forces	O
tailored	O
to	O
a	O
lumbering	O
Soviet	B-NORP
threat	O
in	O
Europe	B-LOC
,	O
and	O
no	O
serious	O
anticipation	O
of	O
the	O
neo-insurgency	O
wars	O
that	O
actually	O
lay	O
ahead	O
.	O


As	O
Marshall	B-PERSON
toyed	O
with	O
``	O
flexibility	O
''	O
--	O
and	O
the	O
Joint	O
Chiefs	O
cherry	O
-	O
picked	O
his	O
conjuring	O
of	O
Moscow	B-ORG
's	O
might	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
budgetary	O
purposes	O
,	O
while	O
ignoring	O
the	O
real	O
import	O
,	O
and	O
limits	O
,	O
of	O
RMA	B-EVENT
--	O
the	B-EVENT
Cold	I-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
ended	O
in	O
the	O
equivocations	O
and	O
evasions	O
of	O
Bill	B-PERSON
Clinton	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
two	B-CARDINAL
terms	O
in	O
office	O
and	O
the	O
low	O
-	O
rent	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
congratulatory	O
installing	O
of	O
mafia	O
regimes	O
in	O
Bosnia	B-GPE
and	O
Kosovo	B-GPE
.	O


The	O
gnome	O
-	O
like	O
Marshall	B-PERSON
,	O
well	O
past	O
retirement	O
but	O
a	O
lionized	O
witness	O
before	O
the	O
missile	O
-	O
threat	O
commission	O
,	O
hung	O
on	O
for	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
return	O
.	O


The	O
resulting	O
history	O
is	O
far	O
too	O
close	O
for	O
much	O
documented	O
detail	O
,	O
though	O
its	O
silhouette	O
is	O
plain	O
enough	O
.	O


Summoning	O
Marshall	B-PERSON
as	O
soothsayer	O
,	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
made	O
RMA	B-EVENT
the	O
logo	O
of	O
his	O
determination	O
to	O
gain	O
managerial	O
dominance	O
over	O
the	O
Joint	O
Chiefs	O
and	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
bureaucracy	O
,	O
exactly	O
the	O
opportunity	O
he	O
thought	O
he	O
had	O
missed	O
25	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
earlier	O
.	O


Under	O
the	O
old	O
banner	O
of	O
a	O
clash	O
between	O
a	O
brave	O
,	O
beleaguered	O
secretary	O
of	O
defense	O
and	O
the	O
recalcitrant	O
brass	O
astride	O
an	O
impossible	O
,	O
``	O
glandular	O
''	O
system	O
,	O
he	O
held	O
up	O
the	O
all	O
-	O
purpose	O
,	O
all	O
-	O
seasons	O
ideal	O
of	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
``	O
reform	O
.	O
''	O


That	O
``	O
reform	O
''	O
movement	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
his	O
ultimate	O
takedown	O
,	O
his	O
claim	O
to	O
greatness	O
,	O
and	O
perhaps	O
--	O
who	O
knew	O
in	O
2001	B-DATE
--	O
one	B-CARDINAL
last	O
shot	O
at	O
the	O
presidency	O
.	O


Amid	O
the	O
inevitable	O
claims	O
of	O
``	O
streamlining	O
''	O
and	O
``	O
modernizing	O
,	O
''	O
Democrats	B-NORP
applauded	O
and	O
reporters	O
gushed	O
reflexively	O
about	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
as	O
a	O
celebrity	O
CEO	O
and	O
national	O
quipster	O
.	O


The	O
willing	O
ignorance	O
,	O
denial	O
,	O
careless	O
trust	O
,	O
or	O
craven	O
acquiescence	O
that	O
marked	O
the	O
essential	O
submissiveness	O
of	O
the	O
political	O
and	O
media	O
culture	O
to	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
rule	O
were	O
only	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
larger	O
,	O
thoughtless	O
national	O
abdication	O
of	O
judgment	O
and	O
responsibility	O
in	O
the	O
wars	O
he	O
would	O
propel	O
in	O
both	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
and	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


In	O
blindly	O
striking	O
out	O
after	O
9	B-EVENT
/	I-EVENT
11	I-EVENT
--	O
a	O
reflexive	O
,	O
grandly	O
opportunistic	O
,	O
richly	O
self	O
-	O
satisfying	O
political	O
act	O
in	O
America	B-GPE
--	O
without	O
seriously	O
understanding	O
the	O
politics	O
or	O
history	O
of	O
either	O
country	O
,	O
he	O
plunged	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
into	O
blundering	O
,	O
plundering	O
occupations	O
that	O
made	O
the	O
nightmares	O
of	O
2007	B-DATE
and	O
beyond	O
nearly	O
inevitable	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
the	O
price	O
--	O
in	O
the	O
utter	O
absence	O
of	O
serious	O
dialogue	O
in	O
the	O
2000	B-DATE
election	O
or	O
the	B-DATE
first	I-DATE
eight	I-DATE
months	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
2001	I-DATE
--	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
uncontested	O
surrender	O
of	O
foreign	O
-	O
policy	O
power	O
and	O
initiative	O
to	O
such	O
evident	O
presidential	O
incompetence	O
-LRB-	O
including	O
the	O
shocking	O
ineptitude	O
of	O
NSC	B-ORG
Advisor	O
Condoleezza	B-PERSON
Rice	I-PERSON
and	O
her	O
staff	O
-RRB-	O
and	O
the	O
long	O
predictable	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
-	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
dominance	O
.	O


All	O
of	O
it	O
was	O
plain	O
in	O
Washington	B-GPE
soon	O
after	O
George	B-PERSON
W.	I-PERSON
Bush	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
arrival	O
in	O
the	B-FAC
Oval	I-FAC
Office	I-FAC
;	O
none	O
of	O
it	O
was	O
then	O
questioned	O
,	O
much	O
less	O
challenged	O
,	O
by	O
Congress	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
remnant	O
foreign	O
policy	O
establishment	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
mainstream	O
media	O
.	O


No	O
democratic	O
process	O
so	O
completely	O
failed	O
a	O
test	O
of	O
substance	O
as	O
America	B-GPE
's	O
after	O
9	B-EVENT
/	I-EVENT
11	I-EVENT
.	O


No	O
ensuing	O
catastrophe	O
was	O
more	O
consensual	O
.	O


History	O
will	O
unravel	O
only	O
slowly	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
relationship	O
to	O
the	O
neocons	O
,	O
who	O
dominated	O
the	O
middle	O
and	O
upper	O
reaches	O
of	O
his	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
,	O
a	O
relationship	O
more	O
complex	O
than	O
contemporary	O
hagiographies	O
or	O
demonologies	O
have	O
had	O
it	O
.	O


Historically	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
their	O
ally	O
,	O
patron	O
,	O
legitimizing	O
figurehead	O
,	O
but	O
never	O
really	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
never	O
a	O
fellow	O
ideologue	O
,	O
dogmatist	O
,	O
or	O
slavish	O
adherent	O
to	O
much	O
of	O
what	O
they	O
pursued	O
.	O


In	O
enlisting	O
Wolfowitz	B-PERSON
,	O
Perle	B-PERSON
and	O
their	O
train	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
use	O
them	O
,	O
much	O
as	O
he	O
used	O
Marshall	B-PERSON
,	O
as	O
he	O
had	O
used	O
so	O
many	O
before	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
to	O
what	O
was	O
so	O
largely	O
a	O
personal	O
,	O
megalomaniacal	O
end	O
.	O


But	O
that	O
use	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
was	O
characteristically	O
heedless	O
of	O
substance	O
and	O
cost	O
.	O


He	O
opened	O
government	O
as	O
never	O
before	O
to	O
men	O
who	O
habitually	O
,	O
automatically	O
assumed	O
that	O
U.S.	B-NORP
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
interests	O
were	O
identical	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
objectivity	O
about	O
American	B-NORP
policy	O
in	O
a	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
they	O
scarcely	O
understood	O
to	O
begin	O
with	O
.	O


Their	O
ignorance	O
and	O
presumption	O
were	O
matched	O
only	O
by	O
their	O
zeal	O
to	O
cluster	O
in	O
decisive	O
quarters	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
Bush	B-PERSON
regime	O
where	O
decisions	O
of	O
grand	O
strategy	O
,	O
of	O
war	O
and	O
peace	O
,	O
were	O
now	O
shaped	O
and	O
predetermined	O
.	O


``	O
Like	O
cancer	O
cells	O
,	O
''	O
as	O
eyewitness	O
,	O
Lieutenant	O
Colonel	O
Karen	B-PERSON
Kwiakowski	I-PERSON
,	O
would	O
describe	O
them	O
in	O
action	O
in	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
Defense	B-ORG
Department	I-ORG
.	O


Half	O
-	O
educated	O
and	O
fanatically	O
loyal	O
to	O
the	O
rote	O
Israeli	B-NORP
lobby	O
view	O
of	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
and	O
the	O
larger	O
neocon	O
craze	O
for	O
American	B-NORP
post-Cold	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
global	O
hegemony	O
,	O
they	O
crowded	O
the	O
domains	O
of	O
the	O
number	O
three	B-CARDINAL
official	O
at	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
,	O
Undersecretary	O
of	O
Defense	O
for	O
Policy	O
Douglas	B-PERSON
Feith	I-PERSON
,	O
whose	O
career	O
was	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
their	O
kind	O
and	O
whose	O
notorious	O
Office	B-ORG
of	I-ORG
Special	I-ORG
Plans	I-ORG
was	O
created	O
as	O
a	O
fount	O
for	O
the	O
fraudulent	O
intelligence	O
spurring	O
the	O
invasion	O
of	O
Iraq	B-GPE
.	O


Historians	O
will	O
debate	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
the	O
obvious	O
blurred	O
allegiance	O
of	O
what	O
some	O
call	O
these	O
American	B-NORP
``	O
Likudniks	B-NORP
''	O
with	O
their	O
utter	O
conformity	O
to	O
the	O
belligerent	O
ultra-Zionist	B-NORP
mentality	O
of	O
the	O
Israeli	B-NORP
right	O
.	O


Never	O
before	O
--	O
not	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
post-World	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
II	I-EVENT
heyday	O
of	O
the	O
powerful	O
China	B-GPE
Lobby	O
with	O
its	O
formidable	O
grip	O
on	O
Capitol	B-ORG
Hill	I-ORG
but	O
not	O
within	O
the	O
upper	O
reaches	O
of	O
the	O
Executive	B-ORG
itself	O
--	O
had	O
so	O
many	O
of	O
such	O
uncritical	O
adherence	O
to	O
the	O
policies	O
of	O
a	O
foreign	O
power	O
been	O
so	O
well	O
placed	O
in	O
Washington	B-ORG
.	O


As	O
often	O
in	O
American	B-NORP
politics	O
and	O
government	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
no	O
conspiracies	O
were	O
necessary	O
,	O
though	O
a	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
-	O
Israeli	B-NORP
lobby	O
spy	O
scandal	O
has	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
played	O
out	O
.	O


Unrelieved	O
substantive	O
shallowness	O
,	O
a	O
perversely	O
narrow	O
sociology	O
of	O
knowledge	O
,	O
long	O
-	O
jockeyed	O
-	O
for	O
power	O
and	O
career	O
advancement	O
,	O
a	O
grandiose	O
parochial	O
vision	O
of	O
a	O
Pax	O
Americana	B-NORP
world	O
nursed	O
in	O
a	O
hundred	B-CARDINAL
forgotten	O
think	O
-	O
tank	O
papers	O
and	O
incestuous	O
conferences	O
--	O
all	O
that	O
as	O
well	O
imposed	O
a	O
stifling	O
,	O
disastrous	O
orthodoxy	O
on	O
the	O
administration	O
.	O


Not	O
least	O
,	O
they	O
operated	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
support	O
their	O
prejudices	O
or	O
delusions	O
in	O
authentic	O
high	O
-	O
level	O
debate	O
,	O
flourishing	O
in	O
their	O
members	O
-	O
only	O
domains	O
of	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
,	O
the	O
NSC	B-ORG
Staff	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
,	O
enjoying	O
exclusive	O
channels	O
of	O
communication	O
to	O
the	B-ORG
White	I-ORG
House	I-ORG
controlled	O
by	O
Cheney	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
unchallenged	O
under	O
a	O
President	O
of	O
uniquely	O
closed	O
mind	O
.	O


As	O
for	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
relations	O
with	O
his	O
generals	O
,	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
veiled	O
accusations	O
of	O
his	O
heedlessness	O
to	O
dissent	O
or	O
running	O
roughshod	O
over	O
warnings	O
of	O
serious	O
problems	O
,	O
we	O
actually	O
know	O
very	O
little	O
.	O


The	O
calamity	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
has	O
brought	O
more	O
public	O
criticism	O
by	O
senior	O
officers	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
war	O
in	O
American	B-NORP
history	O
,	O
including	O
Vietnam	B-EVENT
,	O
but	O
almost	O
all	O
of	O
it	O
hurled	O
from	O
the	O
relatively	O
safe	O
seats	O
of	O
two	B-CARDINAL
-	O
and	O
three-star	B-CARDINAL
retirement	O
--	O
and	O
forlornly	O
after	O
the	O
fact	O
.	O


This	O
much	O
is	O
clear	O
:	O


No	O
major	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
leaks	O
,	O
the	O
time	O
-	O
honored	O
Washington	B-ORG
weapon	O
of	O
dissenting	O
commanders	O
,	O
marked	O
the	O
run	O
-	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
invasion	O
.	O


There	O
have	O
been	O
no	O
public	O
resignations	O
in	O
protest	O
of	O
his	O
policies	O
.	O


And	O
the	O
negligence	O
,	O
incompetence	O
,	O
and	O
inertia	O
of	O
commanders	O
in	O
recognizing	O
and	O
coping	O
with	O
the	O
insurgency	O
,	O
in	O
dealing	O
with	O
scandals	O
of	O
prisoner	O
abuse	O
,	O
inadequate	O
equipment	O
and	O
more	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
all	O
too	O
obvious	O
.	O


There	O
is	O
no	O
evidence	O
that	O
any	O
ranking	O
American	B-NORP
officer	O
on	O
duty	O
pressed	O
an	O
intellectual	O
or	O
moral	O
challenge	O
to	O
the	O
unfolding	O
debacle	O
--	O
even	O
after	O
it	O
was	O
too	O
glaring	O
to	O
be	O
ignored	O
.	O


As	O
in	O
so	O
much	O
else	O
in	O
his	O
long	O
record	O
,	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
enjoyed	O
,	O
by	O
Washington	B-ORG
's	O
inimitable	O
mix	O
of	O
careerism	O
and	O
cowardice	O
,	O
submission	O
and	O
opportunism	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
supporting	O
cast	O
in	O
his	O
folly	O
.	O


Takedown	O


In	O
the	O
exhilarating	O
dash	O
to	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
in	O
2003	B-DATE
,	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
admiring	O
gallery	O
seemed	O
to	O
notice	O
that	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
``	O
new	O
''	O
military	O
was	O
largely	O
the	O
old	O
one	O
,	O
``	O
reformed	O
''	O
in	O
name	O
only	O
;	O
nor	O
did	O
many	O
note	O
that	O
the	O
vaunted	O
lean	O
,	O
mean	O
machine	O
of	O
RMA	B-EVENT
and	O
the	O
again	O
-	O
lionized	O
Marshall	B-PERSON
had	O
no	O
grasp	O
of	O
how	O
profoundly	O
political	O
was	O
the	O
act	O
of	O
overthrowing	O
40	B-DATE
years	I-DATE
of	O
Ba	B-NORP
rule	O
;	O
how	O
deeply	O
political	O
was	O
the	O
campaign	O
to	O
which	O
so	O
many	O
American	B-NORP
lives	O
,	O
so	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
material	O
and	O
symbolic	O
national	O
treasures	O
,	O
would	O
be	O
committed	O
.	O


Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
would	O
take	O
his	O
victory	O
tour	O
in	O
the	O
Gulf	B-LOC
that	O
spring	O
as	O
if	O
circling	O
the	O
mat	O
after	O
a	O
stunningly	O
swift	O
pin	O
.	O


What	O
was	O
his	O
toughest	O
call	O
,	O
trailing	O
reporters	O
asked	O
--	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
traditional	O
garlands	O
of	O
victory	O
tossed	O
his	O
way	O
--	O
and	O
how	O
did	O
he	O
``	O
feel	O
''	O
at	O
such	O
a	O
victorious	O
moment	O
?	O


It	O
was	O
hardly	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
media	O
,	O
the	O
seemingly	O
omnipotent	O
military	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
government	O
and	O
the	O
political	O
culture	O
to	O
reflect	O
on	O
how	O
much	O
``	O
shock	O
and	O
awe	O
''	O
depended	O
on	O
overwhelming	O
force	O
brought	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
near	O
-	O
defenseless	O
,	O
on	O
how	O
much	O
the	O
concept	O
reeked	O
of	O
racism	O
and	O
colonial	O
pretense	O
-	O
of	O
natives	O
on	O
the	O
scene	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
vicinity	O
``	O
shocked	O
and	O
awed	O
''	O
like	O
Zulus	B-NORP
pounded	O
and	O
panicked	O
by	O
the	O
Queen	B-PERSON
's	O
own	O
latest	O
howitzers	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
far	O
too	O
early	O
for	O
other	O
questions	O
--	O
about	O
a	O
force	O
cosseted	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
vulnerable	O
supply	O
lines	O
,	O
nicely	O
photogenic	O
in	O
night	O
goggles	O
but	O
without	O
enough	O
body	O
armor	O
;	O
about	O
acronyms	O
like	O
IED	O
that	O
had	O
yet	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
vocabularies	O
of	O
either	O
commanders	O
or	O
reporters	O
;	O
about	O
the	O
familiar	O
chase	O
for	O
medals	O
and	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
an	O
enemy	O
admitting	O
defeat	O
and	O
ready	O
to	O
surrender	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
missing	O
essential	O
of	O
``	O
victory	O
''	O
that	O
would	O
have	O
much	O
worried	O
Maxwell	B-PERSON
Taylor	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O
.	O


Unreformed	O
,	O
uninformed	O
commanders	O
,	O
uninstructed	O
beyond	O
brief	O
battles	O
,	O
led	O
their	O
charges	O
into	O
Iraq	B-GPE
relying	O
on	O
their	O
generals	O
.	O


The	O
generals	O
relied	O
on	O
civilians	O
.	O


The	O
civilians	O
relied	O
on	O
-LRB-	O
or	O
were	O
seduced	O
or	O
bullied	O
by	O
-RRB-	O
the	O
neocons	O
.	O


The	O
neocons	O
relied	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
ersatz	O
expertise	O
,	O
Mossad	B-ORG
insiders	O
,	O
and	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
exiles	O
long	O
out	O
of	O
touch	O
with	O
their	O
homeland	O
.	O


The	O
exiles	O
--	O
holed	O
up	O
in	O
Baghdad	B-GPE
palaces	O
with	O
U.S.	B-NORP
-	O
paid	O
-	O
for	O
mercenary	O
guards	O
,	O
ignorant	O
and	O
contemptuous	O
of	O
the	O
Iraq	B-GPE
that	O
had	O
passed	O
them	O
by	O
,	O
and	O
where	O
they	O
were	O
now	O
powerless	O
,	O
even	O
with	O
the	O
might	O
of	O
the	O
Pentagon	B-ORG
behind	O
them	O
--	O
relied	O
on	O
the	O
Americans	B-NORP
.	O


Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
,	O
as	O
always	O
,	O
relied	O
on	O
himself	O
.	O


The	O
ranks	O
trusted	O
him	O
--	O
and	O
political	O
decision	O
-	O
makers	O
--	O
to	O
know	O
and	O
manage	O
post-Saddam	O
politics	O
in	O
Iraq	B-GPE
to	O
secure	O
the	O
victory	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
political	O
setting	O
that	O
fulfilled	O
the	O
military	O
triumph	O
.	O


When	O
they	O
failed	O
miserably	O
,	O
condemning	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
force	O
to	O
a	O
corrupt	O
,	O
untenable	O
occupation	O
and	O
slow	O
-	O
wasting	O
attrition	O
of	O
men	O
and	O
prestige	O
,	O
the	O
debacle	O
was	O
complete	O
.	O


Beyond	O
Iraq	B-EVENT
were	O
his	O
other	O
lasting	O
legacies	O
.	O


As	O
no	O
other	O
cabinet	O
officer	O
in	O
history	O
,	O
he	O
turned	O
over	O
crucial	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
sustaining	O
functions	O
of	O
his	O
department	O
to	O
privateers	O
and	O
private	O
armies	O
.	O


He	O
surrendered	O
vital	O
supply	O
and	O
commissariat	O
services	O
for	O
the	O
American	B-NORP
military	O
to	O
profit	O
-	O
plundering	O
contractors	O
for	O
whom	O
U.S.	B-NORP
forces	O
were	O
neither	O
fellow	O
warriors	O
,	O
nor	O
even	O
share	O
-	O
holders	O
,	O
but	O
captive	O
``	O
customers	O
''	O
to	O
be	O
treated	O
with	O
the	O
offhandedness	O
afforded	O
by	O
guaranteed	O
contracts	O
.	O


He	O
ceded	O
security	O
and	O
combat	O
functions	O
essential	O
to	O
the	O
national	O
mission	O
to	O
a	O
corps	O
of	O
thousands	B-CARDINAL
of	O
hired	O
guns	O
whose	O
qualifications	O
,	O
standards	O
of	O
conduct	O
and	O
ultimate	O
loyalty	O
--	O
all	O
integral	O
to	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
success	O
of	O
American	B-NORP
forces	O
--	O
were	O
beyond	O
effective	O
governmental	O
control	O
or	O
measure	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Exposed	O
in	O
a	O
Congressional	B-NORP
hearing	O
February	B-DATE
7	I-DATE
,	O
the	O
scandal	O
of	O
the	O
infamous	O
Blackwell	B-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Corporation	I-ORG
,	O
shirking	O
amid	O
vast	O
profit	O
the	O
arming	O
and	O
protection	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
ranks	O
,	O
would	O
be	O
only	O
a	O
glimpse	O
of	O
the	O
larger	O
disgrace	O
.	O
-RRB-	O


Not	O
since	O
the	O
British	B-NORP
hired	O
hordes	O
of	O
Hessians	B-NORP
to	O
crush	O
George	B-PERSON
Washington	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
revolutionary	O
army	O
had	O
a	O
military	O
force	O
tracing	O
to	O
America	B-GPE
been	O
so	O
utterly	O
mercenary	O
.	O


The	O
potential	O
direct	O
and	O
indirect	O
levy	O
on	O
policy	O
and	O
the	O
armed	O
forces	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
known	O
for	O
years	B-DATE
.	O


As	O
no	O
other	O
cabinet	O
officer	O
in	O
history	O
,	O
he	O
squandered	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
his	O
department	O
and	O
the	O
unique	O
,	O
indispensable	O
code	O
of	O
honor	O
of	O
its	O
services	O
.	O


He	O
joined	O
,	O
and	O
often	O
led	O
,	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
an	O
intellectually	O
degraded	O
administration	O
,	O
heedless	O
of	O
Constitutional	B-LAW
and	O
human	O
rights	O
,	O
in	O
violating	O
the	O
very	O
heart	O
of	O
their	O
ostensibly	O
conservative	O
convictions	O
.	O


With	O
the	O
ready	O
sanctioning	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
de	O
facto	O
cover	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
torture	O
and	O
abuse	O
at	O
Abu	B-FAC
Ghraib	I-FAC
,	O
Guantanamo	B-FAC
,	O
and	O
the	O
less	O
noticed	O
but	O
equally	O
gruesome	O
prisons	O
at	O
Bagram	B-FAC
Air	I-FAC
Base	I-FAC
and	O
elsewhere	O
in	O
Afghanistan	B-GPE
,	O
he	O
changed	O
,	O
for	O
untold	O
millions	B-CARDINAL
,	O
the	O
symbol	O
of	O
America	B-GPE
and	O
its	O
once	O
-	O
proud	O
military	O
from	O
freedom	O
and	O
the	O
rule	O
of	O
law	O
to	O
the	O
unforgettable	O
prisoner	O
's	O
hood	O
and	O
shackles	O
.	O


Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
impact	O
would	O
not	O
vanish	O
with	O
terms	O
of	O
office	O
or	O
elections	O
.	O


By	O
the	O
very	O
nature	O
of	O
contracts	O
,	O
personnel	O
practices	O
,	O
and	O
imparted	O
ethics	O
--	O
some	O
of	O
Washington	B-ORG
's	O
most	O
permanent	O
monuments	O
--	O
his	O
legacies	O
would	O
remain	O
deep	O
in	O
the	O
tissue	O
and	O
soul	O
of	O
the	O
institution	O
he	O
was	O
entrusted	O
to	O
lead	O
.	O


At	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
a	O
pathetic	O
climax	O
to	O
his	O
more	B-DATE
than	I-DATE
four	I-DATE
decades	I-DATE
either	O
in	O
government	O
or	O
imploringly	O
on	O
its	O
threshold	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
only	O
his	O
hackneyed	O
memo	O
on	O
Iraq	B-GPE
policy	O
--	O
leaked	O
,	O
even	O
more	O
pathetically	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
apparent	O
attempt	O
somehow	O
to	O
vindicate	O
him	O
after	O
all	O
.	O


Thus	O
,	O
he	O
growled	O
that	O
the	O
Iraqi	B-NORP
regime	O
,	O
like	O
some	O
seedy	O
wrestling	O
team	O
,	O
should	O
``	O
pull	O
up	O
its	O
socks	O
''	O
;	O
and	O
,	O
most	O
poignantly	O
,	O
ever	O
the	O
politician	O
conducting	O
lethal	O
policy	O
as	O
politics	O
,	O
he	O
advised	O
that	O
Washington	B-ORG
``	O
announce	O
that	O
whatever	O
new	O
approach	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
decides	O
on	O
,	O
the	O
US	B-GPE
is	O
doing	O
so	O
on	O
a	O
trial	O
basis	O
.	O


This	O
will	O
give	O
us	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
re-adjust	O
and	O
move	O
to	O
another	O
course	O
,	O
if	O
necessary	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
not	O
'	O
lose	O
.	O
'	O
''	O


As	O
he	O
left	O
office	O
for	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
only	O
the	O
loss	O
that	O
mattered	O
.	O


As	O
a	O
pathologically	O
unfit	O
president	O
struggled	O
to	O
recoup	O
his	O
historic	O
blunder	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
neocons	O
and	O
Israeli	B-NORP
lobby	O
pressed	O
on	O
a	O
gullible	O
media	O
and	O
restive	O
but	O
still	O
captive	O
Congress	B-ORG
the	O
myth	O
of	O
an	O
Iranian	B-NORP
nuclear	O
threat	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Navy	B-ORG
and	O
Air	B-ORG
Force	I-ORG
,	O
lesser	O
actors	O
in	O
the	O
Iraq	B-GPE
action	O
,	O
promised	O
wondrous	O
results	O
in	O
Persia	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
chaos	O
and	O
ineffable	O
danger	O
were	O
left	O
to	O
Robert	B-PERSON
Gates	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
puffy	O
courtier	O
.	O


Weeks	B-DATE
after	O
Rumsfeld	B-PERSON
's	O
departure	O
,	O
history	O
--	O
the	O
little	O
ever	O
really	O
known	O
or	O
understood	O
--	O
was	O
already	O
being	O
waved	O
off	O
,	O
forgotten	O
.	O


The	O
past	O
was	O
too	O
complicated	O
and	O
troublesome	O
,	O
too	O
guilt	O
-	O
ridden	O
and	O
close	O
to	O
home	O
,	O
too	O
filled	O
with	O
chilling	O
consequences	O
.	O


The	O
worst	O
of	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
basic	O
and	O
damning	O
.	O


Donald	B-PERSON
Rumsfeld	I-PERSON
and	O
all	O
he	O
represented	O
,	O
all	O
he	O
did	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
do	O
,	O
came	O
out	O
of	O
us	O
.	O


The	O
undertaker	O
's	O
tally	O
,	O
including	O
Iraq	B-EVENT
,	O
was	O
compiled	O
at	O
our	O
leave	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
way	O
or	O
another	O
,	O
at	O
every	O
turn	O
.	O


His	O
tragedy	O
was	O
always	O
ours	O
.	O


Roger	B-PERSON
Morris	I-PERSON
,	O
who	O
served	O
in	O
the	B-ORG
State	I-ORG
Department	I-ORG
and	O
on	O
the	O
Senior	O
Staff	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
National	I-ORG
Security	I-ORG
Council	I-ORG
under	O
Presidents	O
Johnson	B-PERSON
and	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
,	O
resigned	O
in	O
protest	O
at	O
the	O
invasion	O
of	O
Cambodia	B-GPE
.	O


He	O
then	O
worked	O
as	O
a	O
legislative	O
advisor	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	B-NORP
Senate	B-ORG
and	O
a	O
director	O
of	O
policy	O
studies	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
Carnegie	I-ORG
Endowment	I-ORG
,	O
and	O
writes	O
this	O
Rumsfeldian	O
history	O
from	O
intimate	O
firsthand	O
knowledge	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
extensive	O
research	O
.	O


A	O
Visiting	O
Honors	O
professor	O
at	O
the	B-ORG
University	I-ORG
of	I-ORG
Washington	I-ORG
and	O
Research	O
Fellow	O
of	O
the	B-ORG
Green	I-ORG
Institute	I-ORG
-LRB-	O
his	O
work	O
appears	O
on	O
its	O
website	O
-LSB-	O
3	B-CARDINAL
-RSB-	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
he	O
is	O
an	O
award	O
-	O
winning	O
historian	O
and	O
investigative	O
journalist	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
National	O
Book	O
Award	O
Silver	O
Medal	O
winner	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
author	O
of	O
books	O
on	O
Nixon	B-PERSON
,	O
Kissinger	B-PERSON
,	O
Haig	B-PERSON
,	O
and	O
the	O
Clintons	B-PERSON
.	O


More	O
recently	O
,	O
he	O
co-authored	O
with	O
Sally	B-PERSON
Denton	I-PERSON
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Money	I-WORK_OF_ART
and	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Power	I-WORK_OF_ART
-LSB-	O
4	B-CARDINAL
-RSB-	O
,	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
Las	B-GPE
Vegas	I-GPE
as	O
the	O
paradigm	O
of	O
national	O
corruption	O
.	O
His	O
latest	O
work	O
,	O
Shadows	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Eagle	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
U.S.	B-NORP
covert	O
interventions	O
and	O
policy	O
in	O
the	B-LOC
Middle	I-LOC
East	I-LOC
and	O
South	B-LOC
Asia	I-LOC
over	O
the	B-DATE
past	I-DATE
half	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
century	I-DATE
,	O
will	O
be	O
published	O
in	O
2007	B-DATE
by	O
Knopf	B-ORG
.	O


Copyright	O
2007	B-DATE
Roger	B-PERSON
Morris	I-PERSON


--	O


NOTICE	O
:	O
This	O
post	O
contains	O
copyrighted	O
material	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
which	O
has	O
not	O
always	O
been	O
authorized	O
by	O
the	O
copyright	O
owner	O
.	O


I	O
am	O
making	O
such	O
material	O
available	O
to	O
advance	O
understanding	O
of	O
political	O
,	O
human	O
rights	O
,	O
democracy	O
,	O
scientific	O
,	O
and	O
social	O
justice	O
issues	O
.	O


I	O
believe	O
this	O
constitutes	O
a	O
'	O
fair	O
use	O
'	O
of	O
such	O
copyrighted	O
material	O
as	O
provided	O
for	O
in	O
section	B-LAW
107	I-LAW
of	I-LAW
the	I-LAW
US	I-LAW
Copyright	I-LAW
Law	I-LAW
.	O


In	O
accordance	O
with	O
Title	B-LAW
17	I-LAW
U.S.C.	I-LAW
Section	I-LAW
107	I-LAW


``	O
A	O
little	O
patience	O
and	O
we	O
shall	O
see	O
the	O
reign	O
of	O
witches	O
pass	O
over	O
,	O
their	O
spells	O
dissolve	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
people	O
recovering	O
their	O
true	O
sight	O
,	O
restore	O
their	O
government	O
to	O
its	O
true	O
principles	O
.	O


It	O
is	O
true	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
meantime	O
we	O
are	O
suffering	O
deeply	O
in	O
spirit	O
,	O
and	O
incurring	O
the	O
horrors	O
of	O
a	O
war	O
and	O
long	O
oppressions	O
of	O
enormous	O
public	O
debt	O
.	O


But	O
if	O
the	O
game	O
runs	O
sometimes	O
against	O
us	O
at	O
home	O
we	O
must	O
have	O
patience	O
till	O
luck	O
turns	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
we	O
shall	O
have	O
an	O
opportunity	O
of	O
winning	O
back	O
the	O
principles	O
we	O
have	O
lost	O
,	O
for	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
game	O
where	O
principles	O
are	O
at	O
stake	O
.	O
''	O


-	B-PERSON
Thomas	I-PERSON
Jefferson	I-PERSON


our	O
most	O
epic	O
road	O
trips	O


writing	O
about	O
the	B-LOC
black	I-LOC
canyon	I-LOC
left	O
me	O
thinking	O
of	O
other	O
'	O
epic	O
'	O
climbing	O
road	O
trips	O
i	O
've	O
actually	O
survived	O
.	O


and	O
this	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
brought	O
back	O
memories	O
that	O
made	O
me	O
suddenly	O
laugh	O
out	O
loud	O
in	O
inappropriate	O
places	O
.	O


first	B-ORDINAL
among	O
them	O
while	O
standing	O
in	O
line	O
at	O
some	O
typically	O
dull	O
so	B-LOC
-	I-LOC
cal	I-LOC
caffeine-o-torium	O
waiting	O
to	O
beg	O
for	O
my	O
morning	O
fix	O
:	O


i	O
suddenly	O
started	O
laughing	O
so	O
hard	O
i	O
was	O
like	O
snorting	O
out	O
minor	O
body	O
parts	O
through	O
my	O
nose	O
.	O


suffice	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
local	O
Rotarians	B-NORP
and	O
VFW	B-ORG
heroes	O
so	O
desperate	O
as	O
to	O
have	O
voluntarily	O
rocketed	O
down	O
to	O
their	O
local	O
strip	O
mall	O
before	O
dawn	O
backed	O
away	O
from	O
me	O
hard	O
,	O
then	O
stared	O
at	O
me	O
like	O
i	O
had	O
suddenly	O
dropped	O
my	O
pants	O
and	O
started	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
'	O
amusing	O
myself	O
'	O
in	O
a	O
public	O
place	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
i	O
know	O
that	O
specific	O
look	O
because	O
i	O
once	O
...	O


um	O
,	O
never	O
mind	O
-RRB-	O


so	O
anyway	O
,	O
it	O
dawned	O
on	O
me	O
as	O
all	O
those	O
oh	O
-	O
so	O
-	O
serious	O
professionals	O
back	O
peddled	O
away	O
from	O
me	O
,	O
i	O
bet	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
oodles	O
of	O
absolute	O
pant	O
-	O
wetter	O
road	O
trip	O
stories	O
lingering	O
out	O
there	O
among	O
my	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
on	O
the	O
.	O
wreck	O
ripe	O
just	O
ripe	O
for	O
the	O
picking	O
--	O


if	O
only	O
they	O
were	O
inspired	O
to	O
show	O
and	O
tell	O
all	O
.	O


~~~	O


so	O
i	O
ask	O
you	O
,	O
what	O
was	O
your	O
most	O
epic	O
road	O
trip	O
?	O


do	O
tell	O
...	O


~~~	O


i	O
chose	O
the	O
word	O
``	O
epic	O
''	O
with	O
some	O
care	O
.	O


for	O
what	O
we	O
're	O
looking	O
for	O
here	O
is	O
not	O
necessarily	O
your	O
best	O
road	O
trip	O
ever	O


-LRB-	O
ie	O
,	O
``	O
so	O
we	O
met	O
up	O
just	O
after	O
work	O
and	O
got	O
there	O
early	O
,	O


then	O
we	O
climbed	O
everything	O
on	O
our	O
wish	O
list	O
on	O
our	O
first	B-ORDINAL
try	O
,	O
then	O
drove	O
home	O
without	O
incident	O
...	O
''	O
--	O


good	O
for	O
you	O
,	O
but	O
hardly	O
worth	O
writing	O
,	O
or	O
reading	O
.	O


at	O
the	O
other	O
extreme	O
,	O
your	O
worst	O
road	O
trip	O
ever	O
would	O
hardly	O
warrant	O
a	O
recap	O
,	O


-LRB-	O
ie	O
,	O
``	O
``	O
my	O
prom	O
date	O
called	O
and	O
dumped	O
me	O
,	O


then	O
the	O
other	O
two	B-CARDINAL
clowns	O
finally	O
showed	O
up	O
hammered	O
and	O
four	B-QUANTITY
hours	I-QUANTITY
late	O
.	O


and	O
10	B-QUANTITY
minutes	I-QUANTITY
out	O
of	O
town	O
,	O
we	O
blew	O
a	O
head	O
gasket	O
...	O
''	O
--	O


this	O
also	O
hardly	O
worth	O
writing	O
,	O
or	O
reading	O
.	O


we	O
're	O
looking	O
for	O
epic	O
,	O


the	O
best	O
story	O
you	O
ever	O
stumbled	O
through	O
and	O
survived	O
.	O


something	O
with	O
drunken	O
rodeo	O
clowns	O
,	O
the	O
'	O
professional	O
lady	O
'	O
named	O
Larry	B-PERSON
you	O
met	O
in	O
the	O
overnight	O
lot	O
at	O
that	O
truck	O
stop	O
,	O
angry	O
state	O
troopers	O
,	O
blood	O
everywhere	O
,	O
...	O


you	O
know	O
,	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
thing	O
.	O


do	O
,	O
pray	O
,	O
tell	O
all	O
.	O


i	O
promise	O
to	O
only	O
laugh	O
at	O
the	O
punch	O
lines	O
.	O


and	O
i	O
promise	O
to	O
fess	O
up	O
eventually	O
and	O
tell	O
of	O
at	B-CARDINAL
least	I-CARDINAL
one	I-CARDINAL
such	O
epic	O
i	O
survived	O
--	O


that	O
is	O
once	O
you	O
big	O
kids	O
have	O
me	O
laughing	O
so	O
hard	O
i	O
forget	O
about	O
all	O
those	O
ancient	O
blood	O
oaths	O
i	O
swore	O
never	O
to	O
say	O
a	O
word	O
...	O


canis	O
fidelus	O
est	O
,	O


^,,^	O


~~~~~~~~~~~~	O
OB:OtrPplQuoteWad	O
Follows	O
~~~~~~~~~~	O


``	O
If	O
you	O
never	O
did	O
,	O
you	O
should	O
,	O


these	O
things	O
are	O
fun	O
,	O
and	O
fun	O
is	O
good	O
.	O
''	O


-	O
Dr.	B-PERSON
Seuss	I-PERSON
,	O
``	O
One	B-CARDINAL
Fish	O
,	O
Two	B-CARDINAL
Fish	O
,	O
Red	O
Fish	O
,	O
Blue	O
Fish	O
''	O


~~~~~~~~~~~~	O
OB:OtrPplQuoteWad	O
Ends	O
~~~~~~~~~~~~~	O


well	O
...	O
it	O
began	O
with	O
blowing	O
out	O
a	O
tire	O
but	O
then	O
drifted	O
into	O
I	O
-	O
might	O
-	O
tell	O
-	O
you	O
-	O
one	B-CARDINAL
-	O
day	O
territory	O
...	O
but	O
ended	O
with	O
driving	O
back	O
from	O
Newhalem	B-GPE
to	O
Seattle	B-GPE
with	O
me	O
holding	O
my	O
breath	O
to	O
lighten	O
the	O
load	O
on	O
the	O
replacement	O
tire	O
,	O
an	O
exercise	O
deriving	O
from	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
mind	O
which	O
helps	O
to	O
keep	O
one	O
awake	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
I	O
agreed	O
to	O
atomic	B-PERSON
mouse	I-PERSON
's	I-PERSON
suggestion	O
to	O
follow	O
a	O
watercourse	O
near	O
Sabie	B-GPE
downhill	O
one	B-CARDINAL
afternoon	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
him	O
,	O
me	O
,	O
'Nita	O
,	O
and	O
my	O
8	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
daughter	O
and	O
10	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
son	O
.	O


Down	O
and	O
down	O
we	O
went	O
wading	O
through	O
the	O
sparkling	O
water	O
,	O
first	B-ORDINAL
broad	O
and	O
shallow	O
then	O
narrow	O
with	O
deep	O
pools	O
.	O


I	O
'm	O
certain	O
that	O
neither	O
a.m.	O
or	O
myself	O
will	O
ever	O
lose	O
the	O
sharp	O
frozen	O
second	O
as	O
'Nita	O
put	O
her	O
head	O
under	O
water	O
and	O
then	O
threw	O
it	O
back	O
with	O
her	O
long	O
hair	O
and	O
an	O
arc	O
of	O
water	O
saying	O
youth	O
and	O
grace	O
in	O
perfect	O
agreement	O
.	O


And	O
sexy	O
.	O


Then	O
more	O
descent	O
,	O
sometimes	O
through	O
the	O
jungle	O
on	O
either	O
side	O
to	O
bypass	O
falls	O
.	O


Now	O
it	O
was	O
getting	O
dark	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
cold	O
.	O


Sometimes	O
the	O
stream	O
bottom	O
dropped	O
away	O
and	O
we	O
fell	O
in	O
over	O
our	O
heads	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
whimpering	O
from	O
all	O
except	O
'Nita	O
,	O
our	O
rock	O
of	O
unshakable	O
womanly	O
determination	O
.	O


Just	O
as	O
the	O
last	B-ORDINAL
light	O
faded	O
we	O
made	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
place	O
where	O
a	O
trail	O
left	O
the	O
water	O
and	O
led	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
car	O
now	O
a	B-QUANTITY
couple	I-QUANTITY
hundred	I-QUANTITY
meters	I-QUANTITY
above	O
us	O
.	O


Only	O
a.m.	O
had	O
not	O
foreseen	O
the	O
chance	O
that	O
the	O
escape	O
he	O
used	O
the	O
last	B-ORDINAL
time	O
could	O
have	O
become	O
overgrown	O
with	O
brambles	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
sent	O
off	O
into	O
the	O
dark	O
to	O
find	O
another	O
way	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
did	O
,	O


and	O
although	O
at	O
times	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
us	O
had	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
step	O
of	O
5th	B-ORDINAL
class	O
and	O
then	O
reach	O
back	O
for	O
the	O
children	O
standing	O
on	O
the	O
shoulders	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
,	O
we	O
made	O
the	O
all	O
-	O
important	O
deadline	O
of	O
finding	O
an	O
open	O
restaurant	O
before	O
9	B-TIME
pm	I-TIME
.	O


'Nita	O
was	O
composed	O
and	O
lovely	O
in	O
the	O
candlelight	O
,	O


the	O
children	O
were	O
glad	O
to	O
be	O
alive	O
,	O


a.m.	O
spun	O
his	O
tales	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
put	O
off	O
tick	O
removal	O
until	O
morning	O
.	O


That	O
was	O
the	O
end	O
to	O
a	O
day	B-DATE
which	O
had	O
offered	O
many	O
other	O
adventures	O
,	O
the	O
scariest	O
for	O
me	O
being	O
a	O
swim	O
in	O
a	O
stream	O
-LRB-	O
a	O
different	O
stream	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
rinse	O
off	O
the	O
red	O
mud	O
of	O
a	O
cave	O
.	O


Scary	O
because	O
I	O
had	O
doubts	O
about	O
reassurances	O
of	O
safety	O
issuing	O
from	O
a	O
companion	O
who	O
admitted	O
to	O
several	O
bouts	O
with	O
bilharzia	O
and	O
tick	O
fever	O
.	O


After	O
reading	O
dogboy	B-PERSON
's	O
Black	B-LOC
Canyon	I-LOC
post	O
I	O
had	O
the	O
same	O
thought	O
he	O
did	O
;	O
that	O
there	O
must	O
be	O
other	O
such	O
stories	O
.	O


I	O
've	O
already	O
told	O
most	O
of	O
mine	O
.	O


However	O
,	O
after	O
watching	O
Dr.	O
Nigel	B-PERSON
Spivey	I-PERSON
tell	O
us	O
How	O
Art	O
Made	O
the	O
World	O
-LRB-	O
''It	O
is	O
n't	O
every	O
day	O
you	O
walk	O
around	O
with	O
a	O
16	B-MONEY
-LRB-	I-MONEY
or	I-MONEY
60	I-MONEY
?	I-MONEY
-RRB-	I-MONEY
million	I-MONEY
dollar	I-MONEY
piece	O
of	O
limestone	O
in	O
your	O
hand	O
.	O
''	O
-RRB-	O
I	O
learn	O
that	O
I	O
've	O
re-discovered	O
a	O
40,000	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
-	I-DATE
old	I-DATE
trick	O
of	O
story	O
-	O
telling	O
.	O


Use	O
a	O
soundtrack	O
.	O


So	O
in	O
a	O
recurring	O
offer	O
,	O
to	O
anyone	O
who	O
provides	O
a	O
mailing	O
address	O
,	O
I	O
will	O
send	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
QuickTime	O
slide	O
shows	O
that	O
are	O
guaranteed	O
to	O
make	O
you	O
laugh	O
,	O
whether	O
with	O
me	O
or	O
at	O
me	O
.	O


Just	O
please	O
use	O
decent	O
sound	O
,	O
something	O
with	O
sub-woofer	O
if	O
possible	O
.	O


Andy	B-PERSON
Cairns	I-PERSON


So	O
nice	O
seeing	O
an	O
experience	O
from	O
another	O
perspective	O
,	O
thanks	O
Andy	B-PERSON
.	O


That	O
was	O
some	B-DATE
time	I-DATE
ago	I-DATE


but	O
i	O
'm	O
glad	O
to	O
see	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
'nt	O
blunted	O
your	O
memory	O
of	O
the	O
day	B-DATE
.	O


I	O
do	O
however	O
have	O
the	O
disconcerting	O
feeling	O
that	O
you	O
read	O
my	O
diary	O
though	O
.	O


I	O
quite	O
think	O
the	O
blouberg	B-GPE
trip	O
we	O
went	O
on	O
deserving	O
of	O
epic	O
status	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
Strange	O
thing	O
that	O
;	O
have	O
you	O
ever	O
noticed	O
how	O
some	O
times	O
it	O
's	O
more	O
like	O
the	O
trip	O
going	O
on	O
you	O
?	O
-RRB-	O


like	O
the	O
trip	O
going	O
on	O
you	O
?	O
-RRB-	O


like	O
the	O
trip	O
going	O
on	O
you	O
?	O
-RRB-	O


The	O
scale	O
of	O
the	O
adventure	O
that	O
awaited	O
us	O
must	O
have	O
been	O
evident	O
to	O
you	O
as	O
we	O
started	O
out	O
on	O
the	O
trip	O
,	O
since	O
you	O
took	O
2	B-CARDINAL
beacon	O
sparkles	O
as	O
emergency	O
rations	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
just	O
1	B-CARDINAL
.	O


Still	O
;	O
the	O
view	O
from	O
the	O
top	O
was	O
all	O
the	O
better	O
for	O
the	O
road	O
we	O
chose	O
-LRB-	O
or	O
guessed	O
-RRB-	O
to	O
get	O
there	O
.	O


Atomic	B-PERSON
Mouse	I-PERSON


brothers	O
cairns	B-PERSON
and	O
mouse	B-PERSON
,	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
zone	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
ah	O
the	O
very	O
thought	O
of	O
just	O
that	O
absolutely	O
screams	O
epic	O
.	O


having	O
been	O
more	O
than	O
once	O
strung	O
out	O
30+	B-QUANTITY
feet	I-QUANTITY
above	O
some	O
rusty	O
spinner	O
of	O
a	O
paleo	O
bolt-ette	O
in	O
the	O
calanques	O
,	O
way	O
way	O
over	O
my	O
head	O
and	O
doing	O
my	O
bad	O
elvis	O
impersonation	O
,	O
i	O
can	O
easily	O
imagine	O
a	O
truly	O
priceless	O
handful	O
of	O
limestone	O
.	O


hell	O
,	O
even	O
just	O
a	O
tiny	O
little	O
crimper	O
's	O
worth	O
.	O


yeeesh	O
...	O


having	O
said	O
that	O
,	O
i	O
saw	O
that	O
said	O
same	O
Dr.	B-PERSON
Spivey	I-PERSON
piece	O
on	O
PBS	B-ORG
--	O
a	O
while	O
ago	O
at	O
some	O
no	O
-	O
tell	O
-LRB-	O
''	O
Big	B-FAC
Earl	I-FAC
's	I-FAC
Stop	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
N	I-FAC
-	I-FAC
Flop	I-FAC
''	O
,	O
if	O
memory	O
serves	O
-RRB-	O


the	O
tv	O
was	O
chained	O
to	O
the	O
wall	O
,	O


and	O
i	O
assure	O
you	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
remote	O
.	O


that	O
and	O
the	O
sheets	O
were	O
the	O
consistency	O
of	O
waxed	O
paper	O
.	O


after	O
i	O
woke	O
/	O
sobered	O
up	O
,	O
i	O
found	O
this	O
one	B-CARDINAL
ruby	O
red	O
stiletto	O
heeled	O
slipper	O
that	O
was	O
big	O
even	O
on	O
me	O
.	O


my	O
first	B-ORDINAL
thought	O
was	O
``	O
cool	O
,	O
i	O
wonder	O
if	O
i	O
can	O
find	O
the	O
other	O
one	O
.	O
''	O


moments	O
later	O
my	O
second	B-ORDINAL
thought	O
was	O
``	O
oooch	O
,	O
i	O
think	O
need	O
to	O
shower	O
immediately	O
,	O
then	O
touch	O
nothing	O
...	O
''	O


well	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
the	O
price	O
was	O
right	O
.	O


for	O
the	O
guy	O
behind	O
the	O
-LRB-	O
bullet	O
proof	O
glass	O
--	O
big	B-PERSON
earl	I-PERSON
himself	O
?	O
-RRB-	O
at	O
first	O
said	O
'	O
50	B-MONEY
bucks	I-MONEY
an	O
hour	O
.	O
'	O


then	O
i	O
said	O
'	O
um	O
,	O
how	O
much	O
for	O
all	O
night	O
?	O
'	O


at	O
which	O
he	O
looked	O
at	O
me	O
really	O
funny	O
and	O
said	O
'	O
er	O
,	O
fifty	B-MONEY
bucks	I-MONEY
'	O
.	O


and	O
i	O
said	O
'	O
well	O
--	O
can	O
i	O
see	O
the	O
room	O
first	B-ORDINAL
?	O


at	O
which	O
he	O
looked	O
at	O
me	O
really	O
really	O
funny	O
and	O
said	O
'	O
ok	O
,	O
how	O
'bout	O
18	B-MONEY
bucks	I-MONEY
.	O
'	O


at	O
which	O
i	O
said	O
'	O
deal	O
!	O
'	O


then	O
i	O
said	O
'	O
er	O
,	O
i	O
assume	O
you	O
want	O
cash	O
'	O


to	O
which	O
he	O
said	O
'	O
D'	O
YAH	O
THINK	O
!?	O
'	O


you	O
laugh	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
was	O
the	O
last	O
time	O
you	O
rented	O
a	O
no	O
-	O
tell	O
room	O
for	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
20	I-MONEY
bucks	I-MONEY
-LRB-	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
night	O
--	O
not	O
an	O
hour	O
,	O
lord	O
slime	O
-RRB-	O


that	O
or	O
found	O
a	O
free	O
size	O
12	B-CARDINAL
-LRB-	O
mens	O
'	O
,	O
EE	O
wide	O
-RRB-	O
ruby	O
red	O
slipper	O
?	O


that	O
or	O
had	O
some	O
drunken	O
squid	O
who	O
just	O
happened	O
to	O
also	O
have	O
a	O
key	O
to	O
your	O
room	O
suddenly	O
crash	O
in	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
night	O
,	O
flip	O
the	O
mattress	O
over	O
-LRB-	O
with	O
you	O
on	O
it	O
--	O
well	O
,	O
suddenly	O
not	O
on	O
it	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
then	O
calmly	O
scoop	O
up	O
the	O
revealed	O
colt	O
'45	B-CARDINAL
and	O
say	O
``	O
oh	O
,	O
i	O
'm	O
sorry	O
to	O
wake	O
you	O
,	O
you	O
want	O
a	O
beer	O
?	O
''	O


well	O
i	O
rest	O
my	O
case	O
.	O


or	O
,	O
as	O
warren	B-PERSON
harding	I-PERSON
once	O
said	O
:	O
``	O
At	O
either	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
social	O
spectrum	O
,	O
there	O
lies	O
a	O
leisure	O
class	O
.	O
''	O


ok	O
,	O
i	O
've	O
since	O
been	O
told	O
it	O
is	O
properly	O
attributed	O
to	O
eric	B-PERSON
beck	I-PERSON
.	O


but	O
i	O
met	O
harding	B-PERSON
once	O
,	O
late	O
in	O
his	O
life	O
-LRB-	O
though	O
neither	O
of	O
us	O
dreamed	O
that	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
-RRB-	O
by	O
an	O
'	O
unauthorized	O
'	O
campfire	O
under	O
cloud	O
's	O
rest	O
.	O


and	O
he	O
said	O
just	O
that	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


and	O
if	O
there	O
was	O
ever	O
anyone	O
who	O
would	O
understand	O
that	O
line	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
harding	B-PERSON
.	O


or	O
at	O
least	O
the	O
harding	O
i	O
met	O
.	O


before	O
that	O
night	O
,	O
i	O
had	O
taken	O
my	O
pals	O
'	O
word	O
for	O
it	O
and	O
believed	O
i	O
was	O
entirely	O
nuts	O
and	O
a	O
really	O
good	O
climber	O
.	O


after	O
that	O
night	O
,	O
i	O
realized	O
i	O
was	O
n't	O
all	O
that	O
especially	O
nuts	O
,	O
nor	O
was	O
i	O
all	O
that	O
especially	O
much	O
of	O
a	O
climber	O
.	O


warren	B-PERSON
was	O
magically	O
,	O
well	O
,	O
different	O
.	O


trust	O
me	O
on	O
this	O
,	O
if	O
nothing	O
else	O
.	O


~~~	O


so	O
where	O
was	O
i	O
...	O


oh	O
yeah	O
,	O
Dr.	B-PERSON
Spivey	I-PERSON
.	O


and	O
neanderthals	O
.	O


-LRB-	O
and	O
warren	B-PERSON
harding	I-PERSON
-RRB-	O


neanderthals	O
are	O
dear	O
to	O
me	O
,	O
for	O
they	O
are	O
surely	O
my	O
tribe	O


-LRB-	O
if	O
you	O
'd	O
ever	O
been	O
to	O
a	O
wedding	O
within	O
my	O
clan	O
down	O
at	O
the	B-FAC
elk	I-FAC
's	I-FAC
lodge	I-FAC
,	O
you	O
'd	O
know	O
-RRB-	O
.	O


i	O
've	O
read	O
a	O
lot	O
about	O
them	O
,	O
one	B-CARDINAL
of	O
my	O
favorite	O
repasts	O
.	O


now	O
most	O
of	O
our	O
subspecies	O
assume	O
that	O
just	O
because	O
we	O
happened	O
to	O
eek	O
past	O
them	O
in	O
Darwin	B-PERSON
's	O
sieve	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
dopes	O
.	O


ah	O
but	O
not	O
so	O
--	O


just	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
archeology	O
.	O


for	O
big	O
science	O
has	O
found	O
burials	O
surrounded	O
by	O
literally	O
pounds	B-QUANTITY
of	O
pollen	O
.	O


as	O
in	O
flowers	O
,	O
piles	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


the	O
fact	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
any	O
burial	O
at	O
,	O
to	O
my	O
mind	O
,	O
speaks	O
volumes	O
of	O
them	O
.	O


add	O
the	O
flowers	O
,	O
and	O
well	O
,	O
to	O
my	O
mind	O
,	O
that	O
's	O
poetry	O
.	O


oh	O
if	O
only	O
they	O
had	O
a	O
written	O
language	O
--	O


well	O
,	O
one	O
that	O
we	O
can	O
find	O
.	O


big	O
science	O
has	O
also	O
found	O
burials	O
of	O
neanderthal	O
elders	O
-LRB-	O
ie	O
,	O
like	O
50+	B-DATE
-	O
a	O
near	O
miracle	O
then	O
,	O
albeit	O
it	O
no	O
more	O
than	O
late	O
adolescence	O
now	O
-RRB-	O
--	O
who	O
had	O
demonstrably	O
been	O
brutally	O
hobbled	O
since	O
early	O
childhood	O
.	O


like	O
broken	O
hips	O
,	O
femurs	O
,	O
even	O
-LRB-	O
in	O
one	O
case	O
-RRB-	O
a	O
snapped	O
spine	O
--	O
all	O
trauma	O
endured	O
as	O
children	O
as	O
now	O
easily	O
proved	O
given	O
'	O
modern	O
'	O
techniques	O
.	O


and	O
yet	O
they	O
survived	O
another	B-DATE
40	I-DATE
years	I-DATE
to	O
be	O
buried	O
in	O
mounds	O
of	O
flowers	O
.	O


how	O
did	O
that	O
happen	O
?	O


or	O
more	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
,	O
why	O
?	O


we	O
call	O
them	O
'	O
cavemen	O
'	O
and	O
relinquish	O
them	O
to	O
ape	O
status	O
.	O


why	O
?	O


of	O
late	O
i	O
've	O
come	O
to	O
ask	O
if	O
i	O
'd	O
rather	O
be	O
surrounded	O
by	O
neanderthals	O
or	O
the	O
graduating	O
class	O
of	O
the	O
stanford	B-ORG
mba	O
program	O
.	O


the	O
answer	O
comes	O
surprisingly	O
easy	O
.	O


~~~	O


um	O
right	O
,	O
ok	O
,	O
what	O
else	O
.	O


clearly	O
The	O
Gods	O
read	O
my	O
last	O
post	O
and	O
were	O
obviously	O
inspired	O
to	O
offer	O
still	O
more	O
inspiration	O
for	O
reflection	O
on	O
the	O
epic	O
road	O
trip	O
front	O
-LRB-	O
nudge	O
nudge	O
-RRB-	O
via	O
the	O
morning	O
news	O
.	O


first	O
They	O
offered	O
word	O
of	O
astronut	O
Lisa	B-PERSON
Nowak	I-PERSON
's	O
epic	O
road	O
trip	O
from	O
houston	B-GPE
-LRB-	O
Mission	O
Control	O
even	O
,	O
oh	O
purrfect	O
,	O
well	O
done	O
Zeus	B-PERSON
-RRB-	O
to	O
Orlando	B-GPE
.	O


i	O
personally	O
nominate	O
Nowak	B-PERSON
for	O
.	O
wreck	O
road	O
trip	O
points	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
technique	O
and	O
packing	O
list	O
categories	O
.	O


the	O
former	O
for	O
dreaming	O
up	O
an	O
idea	O
sure	O
to	O
revolutionize	O
road	O
trips	O
--	O
wearing	O
a	O
diaper	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
pit	O
stops	O
and	O
hence	O
shave	O
precious	O
seconds	O
off	O
travel	O
time	O
.	O


genius	O
!	O


why	O
did	O
n't	O
i	O
think	O
of	O
that	O
?	O


i	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
am	O
off	O
to	O
bobmart	B-FAC
for	O
a	O
carton	O
of	O
Depends	B-PRODUCT
.	O


sure	O
hope	O
i	O
get	O
there	O
before	O
all	O
the	O
frustrated	O
LA	B-GPE
commuters	O
buy	O
up	O
all	O
the	O
national	O
inventory	O
.	O


as	O
for	O
Nowak	B-PERSON
's	O
packing	O
list	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
CNN	B-ORG
it	O
included	O
:	O
a	O
wig	O
,	O
sunglasses	O
,	O
a	O
trench	O
coat	O
,	O
several	O
large	O
plastic	O
garbage	O
bags	O
,	O
a	O
half	O
dozen	O
latex	O
gloves	O
,	O
MapQuest	B-ORG
directions	O
,	O
``	O
diapers	O
Nowak	B-PERSON
said	O
she	O
wore	O
to	O
reduce	O
stops	O
along	O
the	O
highway	O
''	O
,	O
a	O
wad	O
of	O
undelivered	O
love	O
letters	O
,	O
and	O
oh	O
yeah	O
,	O
about	O
$	O
600	B-MONEY
in	O
cash	O


imagine	O
all	O
the	O
fun	O
one	O
could	O
have	O
with	O
all	O
that	O
stuff	O
.	O


beats	O
even	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
the	O
``	O
Plan	O
R	O
Survival	O
Kit	O
''	O
Slim	B-PERSON
Pickins	I-PERSON
'	I-PERSON
inventories	O
in	O
Dr.	B-WORK_OF_ART
Stranglove	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


suffice	O
to	O
say	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
above	O
are	O
now	O
on	O
my	O
bobmart	B-FAC
shopping	O
list	O
.	O


it	O
's	O
the	O
rubber	O
tubing	O
part	O
that	O
i	O
suspect	O
is	O
really	O
giving	O
the	O
woman	O
Nowak	B-PERSON
``	O
just	O
wanted	O
to	O
talk	O
to	O
''	O
a	O
whopping	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
heebie	O
geebies	O
.	O


``	O
Hell	O
hath	O
no	O
fury	O
...	O
''	O


~~~	O


the	O
morning	O
news	O
also	O
included	O
mention	O
of	O
the	O
passing	O
of	O
Frankie	B-PERSON
Lane	I-PERSON
,	O
the	O
man	O
who	O
gave	O
us	O
what	O
is	O
certainly	O
the	O
best	O
road	O
trip	O
tune	O
ever	O
--	O
``	O
Rawhide	B-WORK_OF_ART
!	O
''	O


i	O
remember	O
while	O
howling	O
back	O
from	O
a	B-DATE
long	I-DATE
weekend	I-DATE
in	O
Squamish	B-GPE
,	O
after	O
listening	O
to	O
the	O
mighty	O
original	O
a	O
few	O
times	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
windows	O
down	O
-LRB-	O
this	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
invoke	O
a	O
much	O
needed	O
second	B-ORDINAL
wind	O
at	O
about	O
3am	B-TIME
on	O
I	O
-RRB-	O
i	O
crooned	O
a	O
variation	O
on	O
this	O
deathless	O
standard	O
to	O
inspire	O
my	O
then	O
sweetheart	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
still	O
dear	O
pal	O
-RRB-	O
who	O
was	O
cramming	O
for	O
an	O
organic	O
chem	O
final	O


-LRB-	O
she	O
had	O
carried	O
her	O
notes	O
with	O
her	O
all	O
weekend	O
,	O
even	O
had	O
her	O
head	O
buried	O
in	O
them	O
while	O
belaying	O
me	O
on	O
Grand	B-LOC
Wall	I-LOC
.	O


a	O
real	O
confidence	O
builder	O
to	O
look	O
down	O
from	O
the	O
shaky	O
crux	O
and	O
see	O
that	O
.	O


ah	O
yeeesh	O
-RRB-	O


''	O
Bondin'	O
bondin'	O
bondin'	O
keep	O
that	O
carbon	O
bondin'	O
FORMALDEHYDE	O
!!!!	O
-LRB-	O
&	O
etc	O
-RRB-	O
''	O


my	O
beloved	O
abby	B-PERSON
was	O
,	O
oddly	O
,	O
not	O
amused	O
.	O


she	O
loudly	O
invoked	O
the	O
wrath	O
of	O
The	O
Gods	O
-LRB-	O
see	O
above	O
-RRB-	O
down	O
upon	O
my	O
pointy	O
little	O
head	O
.	O


and	O
,	O
remarkably	O
,	O
she	O
got	O
it	O
.	O


for	O
seconds	O
later	O
there	O
was	O
this	O
tuly	O
blinding	O
flash	O
as	O
lightning	O
hit	O
an	O
unlucky	O
tree	O
just	O
a	O
few	B-CARDINAL
hundred	I-CARDINAL
in	O
front	O
of	O
us	O
and	O
off	O
on	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


and	O
the	O
thunderous	O
crash	O
that	O
followed	O
shook	O
us	O
into	O
the	O
adjoining	O
lane	O
.	O


that	O
and	O
no	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
minute	O
later	O
,	O
as	O
i	O
attempted	O
to	O
slither	O
between	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
those	O
big	O
open	O
stake	O
trucks	O
they	O
use	O
to	O
haul	O
live	O
cattle	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
yet	O
another	O
mighty	O
blast	O
of	O
lightning	O
close	O
by	O
.	O


this	O
apparently	O
caused	O
a	O
whole	O
lot	O
of	O
tightly	O
packed	O
cows	O
to	O
suddenly	O
and	O
simultaneously	O
group	O
-	O
shit	O
themselves	O
,	O
as	O
we	O
were	O
instantly	O
enveloped	O
in	O
the	O
mother	O
of	O
all	O
shit	O
storms	O
.	O


literally	O
.	O


it	O
was	O
so	O
thick	O
my	O
windshield	O
wipers	O
just	O
stopped	O
.	O


it	O
got	O
suddenly	O
pitch	O
black	O
inside	O
the	O
car	O
as	O
every	O
inch	O
of	O
glass	O
was	O
buried	O
in	O
cow	O
shit	O
.	O


this	O
at	O
,	O
um	O
,	O
12	B-QUANTITY
hours	I-QUANTITY
divided	O
by	O
two	B-CARDINAL
,	O
times	O
five	B-CARDINAL
,	O
plus	O
about	B-CARDINAL
65	I-CARDINAL
equals	O
,	O
um	O
,	O
something	O
like	O
95	B-QUANTITY
mph	I-QUANTITY
.	O


caught	O
tight	O
between	O
two	B-CARDINAL
tractor	O
trailers	O
howling	O
-LRB-	O
bleating	O
?	O
-RRB-	O
down	O
some	O
steep	O
pass	O
somewhere	O
in	O
southern	O
oregon	B-GPE
.	O


suffice	O
to	O
say	O
i	O
nearly	O
shit	O
myself	O
as	O
well	O
.	O


for	O
i	O
could	O
do	O
nothing	O
but	O
take	O
my	O
foot	O
off	O
the	O
gas	O
,	O
aim	O
kinda	O
straight	O
,	O
and	O
start	O
chanting	O
from	O
the	O
tibetan	B-NORP
book	B-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
dead	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O


abby	B-PERSON
,	O
always	O
the	O
cool	O
head	O
,	O
rolled	O
down	O
her	O
window	O
-LRB-	O
and	O
was	O
immediately	O
rewarded	O
with	O
a	O
lapful	O
of	O
still	O
warm	O
poop	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
allowing	O
me	O
to	O
slither	O
over	O
onto	O
the	O
shoulder	O
of	O
the	O
road	O
in	O
an	O
almost	O
controlled	O
manner	O
.	O


there	O
we	O
used	O
a	O
snow	O
scraper	O
,	O
all	O
was	O
left	O
in	O
our	O
water	O
bottles	O
-LRB-	O
not	O
much	O
-	O
for	O
who	O
would	O
have	O
anticipated	O
_that_	O
-RRB-	O
,	O
a	O
big	O
unopened	O
jug	O
of	O
gatorade	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
bottle	O
of	O
nondescript	O
chardonnay	O
to	O
clear	O
just	O
enough	O
of	O
a	O
porthole	O
in	O
the	O
mighty	O
poop	O
wad	O
on	O
the	O
windshield	O
to	O
allow	O
us	O
to	O
actually	O
find	O
,	O
then	O
limp	O
into	O
,	O
ashland	B-GPE
.	O


there	O
we	O
sat	O
at	O
this	O
dark	O
gas	O
station	O
with	O
a	O
drive	O
through	O
car	O
wash	O
waiting	O
for	O
it	O
to	O
open	O
.	O


abby	B-PERSON
again	O
immersed	O
in	O
her	O
org	O
chem	O
book	O
,	O
seemingly	O
nonplussed	O
,	O
me	O
thwapping	O
my	O
head	O
against	O
the	O
steering	O
wheel	O
chanting	O
``	O
this	O
is	O
n't	O
happening	O
...	O
''	O


when	O
the	O
guy	O
-LRB-	O
the	O
owner	O
,	O
it	O
turned	O
out	O
-RRB-	O
arrived	O
to	O
open	O
the	O
gas	O
station	O
,	O
he	O
took	O
one	B-CARDINAL
look	O
at	O
our	O
cow	O
pie	O
with	O
wheels	O
and	O
said	O
``	O
what	O
the	O
fook	O
?	O
''	O


then	O
he	O
noticed	O
we	O
were	O
parked	O
at	O
the	O
mouth	O
of	O
his	O
drive	O
through	O
car	O
wash	O
and	O
said	O
``	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
_way_	O
i	O
'm	O
gon	O
na	O
let	O
you	O
use	O
my	O
car	O
wash	O
!	O
''	O


though	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
he	O
proved	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
complete	O
turd	O
--	O
as	O
he	O
gave	O
us	O
detailed	O
directions	O
to	O
his	O
competitor	O
's	O
coin	O
operated	O
self	O
serve	O
/	O
self	O
spray	O
car	O
wash	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
town	O
.	O


that	O
and	O
broke	O
our	O
remaining	O
40	B-MONEY
bucks	I-MONEY
of	O
cash	O
into	O
a	B-QUANTITY
half	I-QUANTITY
ton	I-QUANTITY
of	O
quarters	O
.	O


and	O
we	O
used	O
every	O
last	B-ORDINAL
quarter	O
,	O
for	O
panicked	O
cow	O
cow	O
-	O
poop	O
is	O
like	O
epoxy	O
--	O
if	O
you	O
did	O
n't	O
already	O
know	O
that	O
...	O


~~~	O


sure	O
,	O
you	O
're	O
all	O


...	O


read	O
more	O
>>	O


Blouberg	B-GPE
was	O
epic	O
on	O
my	O
scale	O
,	O
involving	O
as	O
it	O
did	O
a	O
King	O
,	O
a	O
big	O
snake	O
,	O
Germans	B-NORP
and	O
a	O
policeman	O
disappearing	O
on	O
the	O
mountain	O
,	O
advice	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
kill	O
a	O
python	O
,	O
and	O
bears	O
some	O
relevance	O
to	O
the	O
recent	O
thread	O
on	O
getting	O
lost	O


-LRB-	O
do	O
you	O
think	O
Hal	B-PERSON
should	O
add	O
some	O
advice	O
in	O
his	O
book	O
Bringing	B-WORK_OF_ART
Yourself	I-WORK_OF_ART
Back	I-WORK_OF_ART
Alive	O
about	O
maps	O
provided	O
by	O
Rupert	B-PERSON
?	O
-RRB-	O


,	O
oh	O
,	O
yeah	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
guy	O
looking	O
for	O
his	O
cow	O
with	O
a	O
hatchet	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
epic	O
status	O
was	O
compromised	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
descending	O
the	O
mountain	O
and	O
met	O
the	O
schoolgirls	O
coming	O
up	O
it	O
on	O
their	O
way	O
home	O
.	O


I	O
do	O
n't	O
think	O
any	O
part	O
of	O
that	O
trip	O
translates	O
well	O
to	O
North	B-NORP
American	I-NORP
experiences	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
thunderstorm	O
coming	O
on	O
just	O
as	O
we	O
were	O
near	O
a	O
cave	O
.	O


But	O
the	O
real	O
assignment	O
was	O
on	O
road	O
trips	O
.	O
^,,^	O
would	O
probably	O
find	O
any	O
trip	O
you	O
ever	O
made	O
in	O
The	O
Slut	O
to	O
be	O
of	O
interest	O
.	O


Andy	B-PERSON
Cairns	I-PERSON


And	O
that	O
was	O
when	O
you	O
were	O
finally	O
a	O
peace	O
with	O
the	O
decision	O
to	O
not	O
buy	O
a	O
convertable	O
,	O
was	O
n't	O
it	O
?	O


-	O
s	O
-	O


January	O
1966	O
.	O


In	O
Nigeria	B-GPE
a	O
civil	O
war	O
was	O
going	O
on	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
a	O
correspondent	O
covering	O
the	O
war	O
.	O


On	O
a	O
cloudy	O
day	O
I	O
left	O
Lagos	B-GPE
.	O


I	O
was	O
driving	O
along	O
a	O
road	O
where	O
they	O
say	O
no	O
white	O
man	O
can	O
come	O
back	O
alive	O
.	O
I	O
was	O
driving	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
a	O
white	O
man	O
could	O
,	O
because	O
I	O
had	O
to	O
experience	O
everything	O
for	O
myself	O
.	O


I	O
know	O
that	O
a	O
man	O
shudders	O
in	O
the	O
forest	O
when	O
he	O
passes	O
close	O
to	O
a	O
lion	O
.	O


I	O
got	O
close	O
to	O
a	O
lion	O
so	O
that	O
I	O
would	O
know	O
how	O
it	O
feels	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
myself	O
because	O
I	O
knew	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
could	O
describe	O
it	O
to	O
me	O
.	O


And	O
I	O
can	O
not	O
describe	O
it	O
myself	O
.	O


Nor	O
can	O
I	O
describe	O
a	O
night	O
in	O
the	O
Sahara	B-LOC
.	O


The	O
stars	O
over	O
the	O
Sahara	B-LOC
are	O
enormous	O
.	O


They	O
sway	O
above	O
the	O
sand	O
like	O
great	O
chandeliers	O
.	O


The	O
light	O
of	O
those	O
stars	O
is	O
green	O
.	O


Night	O
in	O
the	O
Sahara	B-LOC
is	O
as	O
green	O
as	O
a	O
Mazowsze*	B-LOC
meadow	O
.	O


I	O
drove	O
up	O
a	O
hill	O


and	O
when	O
I	O
got	O
to	O
the	O
crest	O
I	O
could	O
see	O
the	O
first	B-ORDINAL
flaming	O
roadblock	O
down	O
below	O
.	O


Burning	O
logs	O
blocked	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


I	O
slowed	O
down	O
and	O
then	O
stopped	O
;	O


it	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
impossible	O
to	O
have	O
carried	O
on	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
see	O
a	B-CARDINAL
dozen	I-CARDINAL
or	I-CARDINAL
so	I-CARDINAL
young	O
people	O
.	O


Some	O
had	O
shotguns	O
,	O


some	O
were	O
holding	O
knives	O


and	O
the	O
rest	O
were	O
armed	O
with	O
machetes	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
dressed	O
alike	O
in	O
blue	O
shirts	O
with	O
white	O
sleeves	O
,	O
the	O
colours	O
of	O
the	O
opposition	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
UPGA	B-ORG
.	O


They	O
wore	O
black	O
and	O
white	O
caps	O
with	O
the	O
letters	O
UPGA	B-ORG
.	O


They	O
had	O
pictures	O
of	O
Chief	B-PERSON
Awolowo	I-PERSON
pinned	O
to	O
their	O
shirts	O
.	O


Chief	B-PERSON
Awolowo	I-PERSON
was	O
the	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
opposition	O
,	O
the	O
idol	O
of	O
the	O
party	O
.	O


They	O
must	O
have	O
been	O
smoking	O
hashish	O
because	O
their	O
eyes	O
were	O
mad	O


and	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
look	O
fully	O
conscious	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
soaked	O
in	O
sweat	O
,	O
seemed	O
possessed	O
,	O
frenzied	O
.	O


They	O
descended	O
on	O
me	O
and	O
pulled	O
me	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
car	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
hear	O
them	O
shouting	O
'	O
UPGA	B-ORG
!	O
UPGA	B-ORG
!	O
'	O


On	O
this	O
road	O
UPGA	B-ORG
ruled	O
.	O


UPGA	B-ORG
held	O
me	O
in	O
its	O
sway	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
feel	O
three	B-CARDINAL
knife	O
points	O
against	O
my	O
back	O


and	O
I	O
saw	O
several	O
machetes	O
aimed	O
at	O
my	O
head	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
activists	O
stood	O
a	O
few	O
steps	O
away	O
,	O
pointing	O
their	O
guns	O
at	O
me	O
in	O
case	O
I	O
tried	O
to	O
get	O
away	O
.	O


My	O
African	B-NORP
experience	O
had	O
taught	O
me	O
that	O
the	O
worst	O
thing	O
to	O
do	O
in	O
such	O
situations	O
is	O
to	O
betray	O
your	O
despair	O
.	O


The	O
most	O
important	O
thing	O
was	O
keeping	O
still	O
.	O


Keeping	O
still	O
takes	O
practice	O
and	O
willpower	O
,	O
because	O
everything	O
inside	O
screams	O
that	O
you	O
should	O
run	O
for	O
it	O
or	O
jump	O
the	O
other	O
guy	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
are	O
always	O
in	O
groups	O
and	O
that	O
means	O
certain	O
death	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
to	O
cover	O
all	O
my	O
weaknesses	O
,	O
hide	O
them	O
somewhere	O
very	O
deep	O
within	O
myself	O
.	O


This	O
was	O
Africa	B-LOC
,	O


I	O
was	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
.	O


They	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
not	O
their	O
enemy	O
.	O


They	O
knew	O
that	O
I	O
was	O
white	O
,	O


and	O
the	O
only	O
white	O
they	O
had	O
known	O
was	O
the	O
colonizer	O
,	O
who	O
abased	O
them	O
.	O


The	O
ones	O
standing	O
in	O
the	O
road	O
wanted	O
cash	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
me	O
to	O
join	O
the	O
party	O
,	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
UPGA	B-ORG
and	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
it	O
.	O


I	O
gave	O
them	O
five	B-MONEY
shillings	I-MONEY
.	O


That	O
was	O
too	O
little	O
,	O
because	O
somebody	O
hit	O
me	O
on	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
the	O
head	O
.	O


I	O
felt	O
pain	O
in	O
my	O
skull	O
.	O


In	O
a	O
moment	O
there	O
was	O
another	O
blow	O
.	O


After	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
blow	O
I	O
felt	O
an	O
enormous	O
tiredness	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
fatigued	O
and	O
sleepy	O
;	O


I	O
asked	O
how	O
much	O
they	O
wanted	O
.	O


They	O
wanted	O
five	B-MONEY
pounds	I-MONEY
.	O


Everything	O
in	O
Africa	B-LOC
was	O
getting	O
more	O
expensive	O
.	O


In	O
the	O
Congo	B-GPE
soldiers	O
were	O
accepting	O
people	O
into	O
the	O
party	O
for	O
one	B-CARDINAL
pack	O
of	O
cigarettes	O
and	O
one	B-CARDINAL
blow	O
with	O
a	O
rifle	O
butt	O
.	O


But	O
here	O
I	O
had	O
already	O
got	O
it	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
times	O


and	O
I	O
was	O
still	O
supposed	O
to	O
pay	O
five	B-MONEY
pounds	I-MONEY
.	O


I	O
must	O
have	O
hesitated	O
because	O
the	O
boss	O
shouted	O
to	O
the	O
activists	O
,	O
'	O
Burn	O
the	O
car	O
!	O
'	O


and	O
that	O
car	O
,	O
the	O
Peugeot	B-PRODUCT
that	O
had	O
been	O
carrying	O
me	O
around	O
Africa	B-LOC
,	O
was	O
not	O
mine	O
.	O


It	O
belonged	O
to	O
the	O
Polish	B-NORP
state	O
.	O


One	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
splashed	O
gasoline	O
on	O
the	O
Peugeot	B-PRODUCT
.	O


I	O
understood	O
that	O
the	O
discussion	O
had	O
ended	O
and	O
I	O
had	O
no	O
way	O
out	O
.	O


I	O
gave	O
them	O
the	B-MONEY
five	I-MONEY
pounds	I-MONEY
.	O


They	O
started	O
fighting	O
over	O
it	O
.	O


But	O
they	O
allowed	O
me	O
to	O
drive	O
on	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
boys	O
moved	O
the	O
burning	O
logs	O
aside	O
.	O


I	O
looked	O
around	O
.	O


On	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
road	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
village	O
and	O
the	O
village	O
crowd	O
had	O
been	O
watching	O
the	O
action	O
.	O


The	O
people	O
were	O
silent	O
;	O


somebody	O
in	O
the	O
crowd	O
was	O
holding	O
up	O
a	O
UPGA	B-ORG
banner	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
had	O
photographs	O
of	O
Chief	B-PERSON
Awolowo	I-PERSON
pinned	O
on	O
their	O
shirts	O
.	O


I	O
liked	O
the	O
girls	O
best	O
.	O


They	O
were	O
naked	O
to	O
the	O
waist	O
and	O
had	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
party	O
written	O
across	O
their	O
breasts	O
:	O
UP	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
breast	O
,	O
and	O
GA	O
on	O
the	O
left	O
one	O
.	O


I	O
started	O
off	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
not	O
turn	O
back	O
;	O


they	O
allowed	O
me	O
only	O
to	O
go	O
forward	O
.	O


So	O
I	O
kept	O
driving	O
through	O
a	O
country	O
at	O
war	O
,	O
a	O
cloud	O
of	O
dust	O
behind	O
me	O
.	O


The	O
landscape	O
was	O
beautiful	O
here	O
,	O
all	O
vivid	O
colours	O
,	O


Africa	B-LOC
the	O
way	O
I	O
like	O
it	O
.	O


Quiet	O
,	O
empty	O
-	O
every	O
now	O
and	O
then	O
a	O
bird	O
taking	O
flight	O
in	O
the	O
path	O
of	O
the	O
car	O
.	O


Now	O
I	O
knew	O
the	O
price	O
:	O


UPGA	B-ORG
had	O
demanded	O
five	B-MONEY
pounds	I-MONEY
of	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
less	B-MONEY
than	I-MONEY
five	I-MONEY
pounds	I-MONEY
left	O
,	O
and	O
fifty	B-QUANTITY
kilometres	I-QUANTITY
to	O
go	O
.	O


I	O
passed	O
a	O
burning	O
village	O
and	O
then	O
an	O
emptying	O
village	O
,	O
people	O
fleeing	O
into	O
the	O
bush	O
.	O


Two	B-CARDINAL
goats	O
grazed	O
by	O
the	O
roadside	O
and	O
smoke	O
hung	O
above	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


Beyond	O
the	O
village	O
there	O
was	O
another	O
burning	O
roadblock	O
.	O


Activists	O
in	O
UPGA	B-ORG
uniforms	O
,	O
knives	O
in	O
their	O
hands	O
,	O
were	O
kicking	O
a	O
driver	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
pay	O
his	O
membership	O
fee	O
.	O


Nearby	O
stood	O
a	O
bloody	O
,	O
beaten	O
man	O
-	O


he	O
had	O
n't	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
come	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
dues	O
,	O
either	O
.	O


Everything	O
looked	O
like	O
the	O
first	O
roadblock	O
.	O


At	O
this	O
one	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
I	O
had	O
n't	O
even	O
managed	O
to	O
announce	O
my	O
desire	O
to	O
join	O
UPGA	B-ORG
before	O
I	O
received	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
hooks	O
to	O
the	O
midsection	O
and	O
had	O
my	O
shirt	O
torn	O
.	O


They	O
turned	O
my	O
pockets	O
out	O
and	O
took	O
all	O
my	O
money	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
waiting	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
set	O
me	O
on	O
fire	O
,	O
because	O
UPGA	B-ORG
was	O
burning	O
many	O
people	O
alive	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
seen	O
the	O
burnt	O
corpses	O
.	O


The	O
boss	O
at	O
this	O
roadblock	O
popped	O
me	O
one	B-CARDINAL
in	O
the	O
face	O


and	O
I	O
felt	O
a	O
warm	O
sweetness	O
in	O
my	O
mouth	O
.	O


Then	O
he	O
poured	O
benzene	O
on	O
me	O
,	O


because	O
here	O
they	O
burn	O
people	O
in	O
benzene	O
:	O


it	O
guarantees	O
complete	O
incineration	O
.	O


I	O
felt	O
an	O
animal	O
fear	O
,	O
a	O
fear	O
that	O
struck	O
me	O
with	O
paralysis	O
;	O


I	O
stood	O
rooted	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
I	O
was	O
buried	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
neck	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
feel	O
the	O
sweat	O
flowing	O
over	O
me	O
,	O


but	O
under	O
my	O
skin	O
I	O
was	O
as	O
cold	O
as	O
if	O
standing	O
naked	O
in	O
sub-zero	B-CARDINAL
frost	O
.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
live	O
,	O
but	O
life	O
was	O
abandoning	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
wanted	O
to	O
live	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
defend	O
my	O
life	O
.	O


My	O
life	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
end	O
in	O
inhuman	O
torment	O
.	O


My	O
life	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
go	O
out	O
in	O
flames	O
.	O


The	O
boss	O
of	O
the	O
operation	O
stuffed	O
my	O
money	O
into	O
his	O
pocket	O
and	O
shouted	O
at	O
me	O
,	O
blasting	O
me	O
with	O
his	O
beery	O
breath	O
:	O
'	O
Power	O
!	O


UPGA	B-ORG
must	O
get	O
power	O
!	O


We	O
want	O
power	O
!	O


UPGA	B-ORG
is	O
power	O
!	O
'	O


He	O
was	O
shaking	O
,	O
swept	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
passion	O
of	O
power	O
;	O


he	O
was	O
mad	O
on	O
power	O
;	O


the	O
very	O
word	O
'	O
power	O
'	O
sent	O
him	O
into	O
ecstasy	O
,	O
into	O
the	O
highest	O
rapture	O
.	O


His	O
face	O
was	O
flooding	O
sweat	O
,	O


the	O
veins	O
on	O
his	O
forehead	O
were	O
bulging	O


and	O
his	O
eyes	O
were	O
shot	O
with	O
blood	O
and	O
madness	O
.	O


He	O
was	O
happy	O


and	O
he	O
began	O
to	O
laugh	O
in	O
joy	O
.	O


They	O
all	O
started	O
laughing	O
.	O


That	O
laughter	O
saved	O
me	O
.	O


They	O
ordered	O
me	O
to	O
drive	O
on	O
.	O


About	O
four	B-QUANTITY
kilometres	I-QUANTITY
down	O
the	O
road	O
the	O
third	B-ORDINAL
roadblock	O
was	O
burning	O
.	O


The	O
road	O
was	O
straight	O


and	O
I	O
could	O
see	O
the	O
smoke	O
a	O
long	O
way	O
off	O
,	O


and	O
then	O
I	O
saw	O
the	O
fire	O
and	O
the	O
activists	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
not	O
turn	O
back	O
.	O


There	O
were	O
two	B-CARDINAL
barriers	O
behind	O
me	O
.	O


I	O
could	O
only	O
go	O
forward	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
trapped	O
,	O
falling	O
out	O
of	O
one	B-CARDINAL
ambush	O
into	O
another	O
.	O


But	O
now	O
I	O
was	O
out	O
of	O
money	O
for	O
ransom	O
,	O


and	O
I	O
knew	O
that	O
if	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
pay	O
up	O
they	O
would	O
burn	O
the	O
car	O
.	O


Above	O
all	O
,	O
I	O
did	O
n't	O
want	O
another	O
beating	O
.	O


I	O
had	O
been	O
whipped	O
,	O
my	O
shirt	O
was	O
in	O
tatters	O


and	O
I	O
reeked	O
of	O
benzene	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
only	O
one	B-CARDINAL
way	O
out	O
:	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
roadblock	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
risky	O
because	O
I	O
might	O
wreck	O
the	O
car	O
or	O
it	O
might	O
catch	O
fire	O
.	O


But	O
I	O
had	O
no	O
choice	O
.	O


I	O
floored	O
it	O
.	O


The	O
roadblock	O
was	O
a	O
kilometre	B-QUANTITY
ahead	O
.	O


The	O
speedometer	O
needle	O
jumped	O
:	O
110	B-CARDINAL
,	O
120	B-CARDINAL
,	O
140	B-CARDINAL
.	O


The	O
car	O
shimmied	O


and	O
I	O
gripped	O
the	O
wheel	O
more	O
tightly	O
.	O


I	O
leaned	O
on	O
the	O
horn	O
.	O


When	O
I	O
was	O
right	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
it	O
I	O
could	O
see	O
that	O
the	O
bonfire	O
stretched	O
all	O
the	O
way	O
across	O
the	O
road	O
.	O


The	O
activists	O
were	O
waving	O
their	O
knives	O
for	O
me	O
to	O
stop	O
.	O


I	O
saw	O
that	O
two	B-CARDINAL
of	O
them	O
were	O
winding	O
up	O
to	O
throw	O
bottles	O
of	O
gasoline	O
at	O
the	O
car	O


and	O
for	O
a	O
second	O
I	O
thought	O
,	O
so	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
end	O
,	O


this	O
is	O
the	O
end	O
,	O


but	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
turning	O
back	O
.	O


There	O
was	O
no	O
turning	O
...	O


I	O
smashed	O
into	O
the	O
fire	O
,	O


the	O
car	O
jumped	O
,	O


there	O
was	O
a	O
hammering	O
against	O
the	O
belly	O
pan	O
,	O


sparks	O
showered	O
over	O
the	O
windshield	O
.	O


And	O
suddenly	O
-	O
the	O
roadblock	O
,	O
the	O
fire	O
and	O
the	O
shouting	O
were	O
behind	O
me	O
.	O


The	O
bottles	O
had	O
missed	O
.	O


Hounded	O
by	O
terror	O
I	O
drove	O
another	O
kilometre	B-QUANTITY


and	O
then	O
I	O
stopped	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
the	O
car	O
was	O
n't	O
on	O
fire	O
.	O


It	O
was	O
n't	O
on	O
fire	O
.	O


I	O
was	O
all	O
wet	O
.	O


All	O
my	O
strength	O
had	O
left	O
me	O
;	O


I	O
was	O
incapable	O
of	O
fighting	O
;	O


I	O
was	O
wide	O
open	O
,	O
defenceless	O
.	O


I	O
sat	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
sand	O
and	O
felt	O
sick	O
to	O
my	O
stomach	O
.	O


Everything	O
around	O
me	O
was	O
alien	O
.	O


An	O
alien	O
sky	O
and	O
alien	O
trees	O
.	O
Alien	O
hills	O
and	O
manioc	O
fields	O
.	O


parts	O
of	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Burning	I-WORK_OF_ART
Roadblocks	I-WORK_OF_ART
-LSB-	O
plan	O
for	O
a	O
book	O
that	O
could	O
have	O
ended	O
right	O
here	O
-RSB-	O
in	O
The	B-WORK_OF_ART
Soccer	I-WORK_OF_ART
War	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
by	O
Ryszard	B-PERSON
ski	I-PERSON
,	O
Alfred	B-ORG
A.	I-ORG
Knopf	I-ORG
,	O
1991	B-DATE


http://www.pbase.com/jolka/image/53574802	O